cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Military use of schools
Ihe atụ nke mkpebi ikpe
Ụlọ ikpe iwu nke mba Colombia, Yenys Osuna Montes v. Mayor of Zambrano Municipality: "[T] onye isi obodo kwesịrị igbochi ndị otu ndị ọrụ nchekwa Steeti ịbanye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iji mee omume, ọzụzụ ma ọ bụ iji bulie ngwá agha, mgbọ ma ọ bụ tinye ndị ọrụ agha, n'ihi na nke a ga-eme ka ihe ize ndụ dị n'obodo ụmụakwụkwọ. "
Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke India, Mmegbu nke Ụmụaka na Orphanages na Steeti Tamil Nadu v. Union of India na ndị ọzọ: "[I]t kwesịrị ijide n'aka na ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ nkwari akụ anaghị ekwe ka ndị agha ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ nchekwa nọrọ n'ọdịnihu maka nzube ọ bụla ...""
Ogige Ntụrụndụ nke Ugwu Santa Bárbara
Montaña de Santa Bárbara bụ ugwu karstic dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ọ dị n'ebe ugwu site na Ulúa-Chamelecón Plain, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ site na Lake Yojoa. E nwere oké ọhịa kpọrọ nkụ n'ebe okpomọkụ n'ala dị ala, oké ọhịa na-ekpo ọkụ n'etiti ugwu, na oké ọhịa ugwu na oké ọhịa igwe ojii n'ebe dị elu.
Military use of schools
Omume nke ndị agha na-abụghị nke steeti
Iwu enyemaka mba ụwa na-ejikọta ndị agha na-abụghị nke steeti na-alụ ọgụ. Iji chịkwaa omume nke ndị agha ha, ọtụtụ ndị otu dị otú ahụ na-enye iwu, ntụziaka, ụkpụrụ, iwu, ma ọ bụ kwupụta ebumnuche ha ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ụfọdụ.
Ogige Ntụrụndụ nke Ugwu Santa Bárbara
Enwere ike iru n'elu ya site n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-arịgo site n'obodo Los Andes.
Military use of schools
Omume nke ndị agha na-abụghị nke steeti
National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces, Syria: "Anyị na-akwado ọrụ anyị ịsọpụrụ Iwu Mba Nile nke Ndị Mmadụ n'oge niile gụnyere ... ibu ọrụ ... [ịkwanyere ma chebe ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọgwụ, ma zere iji ha na-akwado mgbalị ndị agha, gụnyere site na ịchọta ebumnuche ndị agha n'ime ma ọ bụ na nso ha. " - National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces, Declaration of Commitment on Compliance with IHL and the Facilitation of Humanitarian Assistance, 2014
Ndị ọrụ iri na atọ na-abụghị ndị steeti bịanyere aka na "Deed of Commitment for the Protection of Children from the Effects of Armed Conflict" nke nzukọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị Geneva Call mepụtara, nke gụnyere ndokwa: "Anyị ga ... zere iji ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ogige ụmụaka na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ebumnuche ndị agha. ". Ka ọ na-erule Machị 23, 2015, ndị otu na-esonụ bịanyere aka na ngwá ọrụ a: Chin National Front / Army (CNF / CNA) [Burma / Myanmar]; Karen National Union / Karen National Liberation Army (KNU / KNLA) [Burman / Myanmar]; Karenni National Progressive Party / Karenni Army (KNPP / KA) [Burma / Myanmar] ; New Mon State Party / Mon National Liberation Army (NMSP / MNLA) [Burma / Myanmar]; Pa'O National Liberation Organization / Pa-o National Liberation Army (PNLO / PNLA) [Burma / Myanmar]; National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khole-Kitovi) (NSCN-KK) [India]; Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI) [Iran]; Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KPIK) [Iran], Komala Party of Kurdistan (KPK) [Iran], Komalah-The Kurdistan Organization of the Communist Party
Nduzi maka ichebe ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum site na iji ndị agha eme ihe n'oge agha
Site n'ụbọchị 26–28 nke ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2012, ndị ọkachamara si gburugburu ụwa zutere na mba Lucens Castle na steeti Lucens, nke Switzerland, iji kwurịta ịmepụta ụkpụrụ nduzi mba ụwa iji chebe ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum nke ọma site na iji ndị agha. A maara akwụkwọ a dị ka Draft Lucens Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use during Armed Conflict. Onye dere Draft Lucens Guidelines bụ Prọfesọ Steven Haines, Onye isi oche nke Iwu Mba Nile na Mahadum Greenwich nakwa nke London onye jere ozi ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ dị ka onye ọrụ na ndị agha Britain. N'ime usoro nhazi ahụ, ihe karịrị steeti iri atọ (30) na òtù mba ụwa kwuru okwu n'ihu ọha iji kwado atụmatụ ahụ.
N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2014, Norway kwupụtara na ọ ga-eduga usoro iji mezue Nduzi ma kwalite nkwado na mmejuputa ha.
E kpughere ntuziaka ikpeazụ maka ichebe ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum site na iji ndị agha eme ihe n'oge agha agha n'ọnwa Disemba nke afọ 2014 na mba Geneva na nzukọ nke Norway na Argentina haziri. Nduzi ndị ahụ na-agba ndị agha ume ka ha ghara iji ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum maka nzube ọ bụla iji kwado mbọ agha ha. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ekweta na ụfọdụ ojiji agaghị emegide iwu nke agha agha, Nduzi ahụ na-akọwapụta ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ dị ka nduzi maka omume kwesịrị ekwesị maka ndị niile na-alụ ọgụ iji zere imetụta nchekwa na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ akwụkwọ. E mepụtara Nkwupụta Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Nchebe site na mkparịta ụka nke Norway na Argentina duziri n'ime ọkara mbụ nke afọ 2015. Nkwupụta ahụ na-enye Steeti ohere igosipụta nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sara mbara maka nchebe na ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ na agha agha, na maka mmejuputa Nduzi. E mepere Nkwupụta Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Nchebe maka nkwado na ogbako mba ụwa na Oslo na Mee 29, 2015.
N'ime akụkọ ya kwa afọ 2014 nye otu UN Human Rights Council, Leila Zerrougui, onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu maka ụmụaka na agha agha, nabatara ntọhapụ nke Nduzi maka ichebe ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum site na iji ndị agha eme ihe n'oge agha ma gbaa mba ndị otu ume ịnakwere ha. "
Leekwa
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Gomesi
thumb|Gomesi A gomesi ma ọ bụ busuuti bụ ejiji mara mma nke dị ogologo. Ọ bụ ejiji a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ụmụ nwanyị na Buganda na Busoga. Uwe ụmụ nwoke ọdịnala bụ kanzu.
Mmalite ya
Akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ kachasị mma na-achọpụta mmalite nke Gomesi na 1905. Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na Goan, Caetano Gomes, onye bi na Uganda n'oge ahụ, nke bụ British Protectorate n'oge a, webatara uwe ahụ. Uwe ahụ enwetaghị ihe ọ bụla ruo mgbe nwunye Daudi Cwa nke Abụọ nke Buganda, Kabaka ma ọ bụ eze nke Buganda, yi ya mgbe di ya dị afọ iri na asatọ (ọ bụ kabaka kemgbe ọ dị afọ 1) na 1914.
Nhazi
Gomesi bụ uwe ákwà dị ogologo, nke na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke nwere olu dị larịị na aka dị mkpirikpi. A na-eke uwe ahụ na eriri a na-etinye n'okpuru úkwù n'elu úkwù. Gomesi nwere bọtịnụ abụọ n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke olu. A na-eji silk, ogho, ma ọ bụ ákwà linin eme ọtụtụ gomesi, ebe silk bụ nke kachasị ọnụ. A na-eke kikooyi ma ọ bụ kanga n'okpuru gomesi linin iji hụ na ákwà ahụ anaghịarapara n'ahụ. Gomesi a rụrụ nke ọma nwere ike ịchọ ihe ruru mita isii nke ákwà.
Enwere ike eyi gomesi maka oge ọ bụla, na ime obodo ọ bụ ụdị ejiji kwa ụbọchị. Ndị bi n'obodo ukwu na obodo mepere emepe na-eyi ya n'oge pụrụ iche dị ka olili ozu, na agbamakwụkwọ. A na-eyi gomesi n'ememe agbamakwụkwọ n'oge mmeghe, nke a makwaara dị ka Kwanjula. N'oge Kwanjula, a ga-achọrọ ndị nwanyị niile nọ n'ezinụlọ nwoke na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ ka ha yie uwe Gomesi.
Mix Master Garzy
thumb|Mix Master Garzy at 3 Music Awards 22 50.jpg Benjamin Garzy Mensah, onye a maara nke ọma dị ka Mix Master Garzy, bụ onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ nke Ghana, onye injinia ụda, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-agụ egwu.
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka nke a na-akpọ DELSU  bụ mahadum nwe obodo na Naịjirịa nke nwere nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Abraka, Delta State na ogige abụọ na Asaba, Delta na Oleh, Delta. E guzobere ogige Oleh, Delta na Iwu E degharịrị 1995. Mahadum bụ otutu-kampos nwere ogige atọ n'ime anya dị ihe dị ka kilomita 200. Ugbu a, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ruru 22,000 (na nnọkọ 2019/2020), Mahadum ahụ na-enye ọtụtụ mmemme site na asambodo oge niile, diplọma na mmemme nzere ruo na mgbede nwa oge na mmemme ogo izu ụka. Mahadum ahụ na-enye Akwụkwọ diplọma ọmụmụ ihe ruo ọkwa doctoral. Ebe ndị ọrụ/ebe ndụmọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ, ebe mmụta elektrọnik, ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na akụrụngwa egwuregwu n'etiti ndị ọzọ dị maka ịkwado ọrụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime mahadum steeti iri abụọ na ise nke 'Kọmitii Mahadum Mba' na-elekọta ma nabatakwa.
Mix Master Garzy
Ihe ndị dị mkpa ọ mepụtara gụnyere "Pull Up" nke Stonebwoy, "My Baby" nke Stay Jay ft. R2Bees, "Boom boom tag" nke Mista Silva, GH UK dabeere "Enemies" nke Jupitar gosipụtara Sarkodie na 2014, "Iskoki" nke Samini, "KoKo Sakora" nke Dr Cryme gosipụtara SarKodie, "Alhaji" nke VVIP gosipụtara Patoranking, "Hookah" nke Danagog gosipụtara Davido, "Love You Die" nke Patoranker Platz, "Na Wash" nke Becca, na "Obia Agye" nke Captain 4 ọzọ.
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka ka edekọtara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ebe agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ malitere dị ka kọleji Ọzụzụ Ndị Nkụzi Gọọmentị n'oge Obodo Naijiria chịrị na afọ ụfọdụ banye n'ọchịchị mgbe ọchịchị gachara. Ọ ghọrọ kọleji agụmakwụkwọ nke enyere asambodo agụmakwụkwọ Naịjirịa (NCE) site na 1971 ruo 1985. Na 1981, o jikọrọ aka na Mahadum Benin, Benin City wee nye ya mmemme nzere site na 1981 ruo 1985 mgbe ọ ghọrọ ngalaba nkuzi nke Mahadum Bendel Steeti na nnukwu ogige ya na Ekpoma. Okike Edo Steeti na Delta Steeti na Ọgọstụ 1991 na ntụgharị nke nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ Mahadum nke Ȯra Bendel, Ekpoma ka ọ bụrụ Mahadum nke Ȯra Bendel na Disemba 1991, mere ka e guzobe mahadum steeti Delta, Abraka, onye isi ọchịchị steeti ahụ n'oge ahụ, Olorogun Felix Ibru na 30 Eprel 1992.
Mix Master Garzy
Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Garzy Mensah na Tema na Francis Anim Garzy na Ernestina Abena Kwao. O nwere nwanne nwoke nke obere, John Otoo Kwao. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na obere agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị na Better Best Academy na Tema 4 poles, Ghana. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Tema Methodist Senior High School. O mechara gaa Ghana Institute of Journalism wee nweta asambodo na diplọma na Broadcast Journalism nke nyere ya nzọụkwụ n'ihu iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka DJ na-arụ ọrụ nwa oge na Xfm na Urban Internet Radio na Ghana.
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka bidoro na ngalaba nkuzi ise, ya bụ: * Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo * Ngalaba Mmụta * Ngalaba nka * Ngalaba Sayensị * Ngalaba nke Nkà Mmụta Ọha.
Mix Master Garzy
Ọrụ
Mix Master Garzy malitere ọrụ ya n'ịkụ, ịgwakọta na ịchịkwa site na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Mgbe ọrụ mmepụta malitere, ọ pụtara na aha ya bụ Mix Master Garzy, njirimara na-ezo aka n'akụkụ ngwakọta na njikwa nke ọrụ studio.
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Na 1995, Gọọmentị Steeti wepụtara amụma inwe ogige atọ nke ekwesịrị ịgbasa n'ime mpaghara ndị omebe iwu atọ na steeti. N'iburu n'uche iwu a, e hiwere ogige atọ iji gụnye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Abraka, Anwai-Asaba Oleh na ogige..
Mix Master Garzy
Ọrụ
N'afọ 2015, o mepụtara egwu egwu, "Iskoki", maka Samini. A họpụtara abụ ahụ na Vodafone Ghana Music Awards nke afọ ahụ.
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka
Ogige Abraka
* Ngalaba Mmụta * Ngalaba nka * Ngalaba sayensị * Ngalaba nke Nkà Mmụta Ọha * Ngalaba na-ere ọgwụ * Kọleji nke sayensị isi ahụike * Kọleji nke teknụzụ ahụike
Mix Master Garzy
Ọrụ
Garzy esorowo ndị omenkà ama ama dịka Atumpan, Samini, Sarkodie, Stonebwoy, Shatta Wale, Davido, Patoranking, Diamond Platnumz, Ice Prince, R2Bees, Becca, Eno Barony, na Eazzy rụọ ọrụ.
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka
OgigeAnwai-Asaba
* Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo. * Ngalaba nke Njikwa Sayensị. * Ngalaba Mmụta Gburugburu Ebe obibi.
Mix Master Garzy
Onyinye na mmata
A họpụtara ya na ngalaba nke "Producer of the Year" na 2015 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards.
Mahadum nke Ȯra Delta, Abraka
Ụlọ ọrụ mmekọ
N'okpuru bụ ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmekọ nke Kọmitii Mahadum Mba (NUC) kwadoro..
Mix Master Garzy
Onyinye na mmata
Ọ meriri "Riddim of the Year" na 2016 Bass Awards maka ịmepụta "iphone riddim", ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche nke Mugeez nke R2 Bees fame, Shatta Wale, Samini, Brenya, Ricky Mo, Capone, na Flexclusive dere.
Na June 4, 2017, e nyere Garzy onyinye Prestigious Gold Coast maka ọrụ ya pụrụ iche na egwu Ghana.
N'afọ 2017, ọ meriri "Onye na-emepụta egwu kachasị mma n'afọ" na Ghana Entertainment Awards nke a haziri na US.
Ihe odide
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Ayo Fasanmi
Ayorinde Fasanmi (Abali iri abụọ na asaa ọnwa Septemba afo 1925 - Abali iri abụọ na-itolu ọnwa Julai afo 2020) bụrụ onye Naijiria na- ere ọgwụ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.
Lisa Harrow
Lisa Harrow ONZM (amụrụ ya na abalị ise na onwa nke asatọ, na afọ 1943) bụ on azụrụ azụ na ihie nkiri nke New Zealand RADA, ama maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Britain, ihe nkiri na ihie onyonyo. Ma eleghị anya, a maara ya nke ọma maka ihe ngosi ya nke Nancy Astor na ihe nkiri igwe onyonyo BBC nke Britain, Nancy Astor.
Ayo Fasanmi
Ndụ mbido
Amuru ya na afo 1925 na Iye Ekiti, bụ otu okpuru ochichi nke di na Ekiti Steeti, mpaghara southwest Naijiria. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị St Paul, Ebutte Metta na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọchịchị Gọmenti, Ibadan tupu ọ gawa ụlọ akwụkwọ Ahia-ọgwụ na Yaba ebe ọ natara asambodo diplọma na ahịa ọgwụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere ọgwụ na Oshogbo nwa obere oge tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke obodo Naijiria.
Lisa Harrow
Mbido Ndụ
A mụrụ Harrow na mpaghara Auckland nke Ugwu Eden na 25 Ọgọst 1943, ada Kennedy Mayo Harrow na Eleanor Joan Harrow (née Stacpoole). Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Auckland, ma mesịa gụchaa na RADA na 1968, sonyere ụlọ ọrụ BBC Radio 's Repertory Company.
Ayo Fasanmi
Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Ọ sonyere n'otu Unity Party nke Naịjirịa na afo 1978 ma bụrụkwa onye na- azọ ọkwa onye ga-anọchite otu ha na ntuli aka gọvanọ nke Ondo Steeti mana Michael Adekunle Ajasin meriri ya, onye bụbu gọvanọ nke Ondo Steeti. N’afọ 1983, ahọpụtara ya dika onye nnọchi anya ụlọ ndị omeiwu etiti na- anọchite Ondo North. O mechara jee ozi dịka onye otu Njiko ndị isi n'ahazi Old Western Nigeria Housing Corporation. N'oge Republic nke anọ na Naijiria, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Osota Onye isi oche nke Alliance maka Democracy, mpaghara Southwest.
Lisa Harrow
Ụlọ ihe nkiri
Ọrụ ogbo Harrow malitere na Royal Shakespeare Company ; Ọrụ ebe ahụ gụnyere Olivia na mmepụta nke abalị iri na abụọ nke John Barton na-emegide Judi Dench, yana Portia na The Merchant nke Venice megide Patrick Stewart. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-eduga na ihe nkiri UK gụnyere Juliet na-emegide John Hurt 's Romeo na Belgrade Theatre na Coventry, na Ann Whitfield na Man na Superman megidere Peter O'Toole na Theater Royal, Haymarket.
Ayo Fasanmi
Ndụ onwe
Ọ lụrụ nwaanyị nwụrụ anwụ bụ Madam Adejoke onye nwụrụ mgbe ọ gbara afọ iri asatọ na abụọ n’ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2014.
Lisa Harrow
Ụlọ ihe nkiri
Harrow emeela na ogbo na America niile. Ọ weghaara ọrụ etiti Vivian Bearing na Pulitzer Prize na-emeri egwuregwu Wit na mmepụta ya na- apụ apụ-Broadway na New York City. Akpọrọ ya aha 2001 Performer of the Year na Pittsburgh maka Medea. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere: Raynevsky na The Cherry Orchard na Yale Rep na Chautauqua Theatre Company, ebe ọ na-egwuri Kate Keller na All My Sons . Ọ gbara Creusa na Washington Shakespeare Theater Company 's 3 October 2009–4/12/2009 mmepụta nke Euripides 's Ion.
Ayo Fasanmi
Ntughari
Òtù:Category:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchichi ala yoruba Òtù:Category:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchichi ala Naijiria Òtù:Category:Ndi mmadu si Steeti Ekiti Òtù:Category:Ọnwụ enwegasiri n'afo 2020 Òtù:Category:Ọmụmụ enwegasiri n'afo 1925
Lisa Harrow
Ìgwè onyonyo na ihe nkiri
A maara Harrow maka ịkpọ Nancy Astor, nwanyị mbụ nọrọ oche ya na House of Commons, na ihe nkiri BBC 1982 Nancy Astor. Ọ gbara na United States na usoro PBS Masterpiece Theatre.
Ọrụ ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ na ihe nkiri Italiantali The Devil Is a Woman (1974) nke Glenda Jackson gbara. Ọzọkwa na 1976, ọ pụtara na ihe omume nke Space: 1999 dị ka Anna Davies na ' The Testament of Arkadia '. Harrow gbara Helen Alderson na mmegharị ihe nkiri nke akwụkwọ James Herriot All Creatures Great and Small (1975), na-esote Simon Ward na Anthony Hopkins. Ọ kwughachiri ọrụ ahụ n'afọ na-esote na usoro nke a ekwesịghị ime onye na-ahụ maka anụ ọkụ ọkụ, oge a na-emegide John Alderton na Colin Blakely.
Harrow ọbịa-kpakpando na The Professionals dị ka onye ndụmọdụ dị egwu na-arụ ụka na Ụlọikpe nke Ajụjụ maka mgbasa nke CI5 na nkebi nke abụọ 'The Rack' (1978), nke Brian Clemens dere. Ọ gbakwara ama na usoro BBC2 1990 dị ka osote onye njikwa Lynn Blake.
Harrow gbara onye nta akụkọ Kate Reynolds na ihe nkiri egwu egwu Omen III: The Final Conflict (1981) nke na-eme Sam Neill, wee soro Neill rụkọọ ọrụ ọzọ na ihe nkiri Krzysztof Zanussi From a Far Country [ya]. Ọ gbara egwu na ihe nkiri New Zealand Shaker Run na afọ 1985 ma kpọọ Lizzie Dickinson na usoro BBC Lizzie's Pictures (1987). Ọ meriri ma nweta ihe nrite ihe nkiri Australia maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na onye ndu maka arụmọrụ ya na Thebọchị Ikpeazụ nke Chez Nous (1992). Na 1990, Harrow gbara nwunye tart, gbachie nwunye ya nkiti n'ime ezinụlọ aghụghọ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe bara ọgaranya na Sins nke Nna, Episode 13 nke usoro Inspector Morse maka ITV, nke John Thaw na-eme. Na afọ ahụ, ọ gbakwara ama na mmegharị ABC-TV obere ihie omume nke biara na Spinner, wee rụọ ọrụ Imogen Donahue na Agatha Christie's Poirot 'The Kidnapped Prime Minister'. Ihe omume onyonyo ya kacha ọhụrụ na Britain bụ nwunye Kavanagh Lizzie na usoro Kavanagh QC, na-egosikwa Thaw. Ọ hapụrụ mmemme ahụ mgbe usoro nke atọ gasịrị (ebufere na afo1997) ịkwaga America.
ụkọ Kate Reynolds na ihe nkiri e u Omen III: The Final Conflict (1981) nke na-eme Sam Neill, wee soro Neill r ụọ ọrụ ọzọ na ihe nkiri Krzysztof Zanussi From a Far Country [ ya ]. Ọ gbara egwu na ihe nkiri New Zealand Shaker Run na 1985 ma kpọọ Lizzie Dickinson na usoro BBC Lizzie's Pictures (1987O nwetala ihie nrite na ma ihe nkiri Australia maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na onye ndu maka arụmọrụ ya na Thebọchị Ikpeazụ nke Chez Nous (1992). Na 1990, Harrow na-egwuri egwu tart, na-eleghara nwunye anya na ezinụlọ aghụghọ nke ndị na-emepụta ọgaranya na Sins of the Father, Episode 13 nke Inspector Morse series for ITV, starring John Thaw . N'afọ ahụ, o nwekwara starred na ABC-TV miniseries mmegharị nke Bịa na Spinner, na-egwuri ọrụ nke Imogen Donahue na Agatha Christie's Poirot ' The Kidnapped Prime Minister '. Ihe omume telivishọn ya kacha ọhụrụ na Britain bụ nwunye Kavanagh Lizzie na usoro Kavanagh QC, na-egosikwa Thaw. Ọ hapụrụ mmemme ahụ mgbe usoro nke atọ gasịrị (ebufere na 1997) ịkwaga America.
Na afọ 2014, ọ gbara Marion na usoro igwe onyonyo nkiri New Zealand Step Dave. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Harrow na 2015, na ntinye ya dị ka onye ọrụ nke New Zealand Order of Merit site n'aka onye isi gọvanọ, Sir Jerry Mateparae. Na afọ 2015 Nkwanye Ùgwù afọ Ọhụrụ, a họpụtara Harrow ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke New Zealand Order of Merit maka ọrụ na nkà dị egwu.
Ndụ onwe onye
Harrow na Sam Neill nwere mmekọrịta na afọ 1980s. A mụrụ nwa ha nwoke Tim na afọ1983.
Ugbu a ọ lụrụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe banyere whale Roger Payne, ma biri na Vermont, US. Payne bụ onye nchoputa na Onye isi oche nke Ocean Alliance. Ya na Scott McVay chọpụtara ogologo, mgbagwoju anya na o doro anya na ụda enweghị usoro nke nwoke humpback whales na-emepụta bụ n'ezie rhythmic, usoro ugboro ugboro, ya mere, a na-akpọ ya nke ọma ' abụ whale '. Di na nwunye a emepụtala nkuzi/mmebe ihe omume akpọrọ "SeaChange: Reversing the Tide".
Odee
Harrow bụ onye dere akwụkwọ ntuziaka gburugburu ebe obibi Gịnị ka m ga-eme?, nke e bipụtara na mbipụta dị iche iche maka Australia, New Zealand, UK na United States. O nwere weebụsaịtị iji kwalite akwụkwọ ahụ. Mbipụta US:
Nkwanye ugwu
Na afọ 2015 nkwanye ukwu afọ ọhụrụ, a họpụtara Harrow dika onye ọrụ nke New Zealand Order of Merit, maka ọrụ na nkà dị egwu.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Omowunmi Akinnifesi
Omowunmi Akinnifesi (amụrụ na Disemba 4, 1987) bụ nwanyị Naijiria na-azụ ahịa na onye nnọchi anya gburugburu ebe obibi na Lagos.
Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ nwa nwanyị nke onye bụbu onye isi ụlọ akụ Central Bank of Nigeria, Akinnifesi na 4th nke Disemba, 1986 na Lagos mana ọ nọrọ afọ mbụ ya na Sierra Leone tupu ya na ezinụlọ ya alaghachi obodo ya bụ Nigeria. Ọ gara Queen's College, Yaba, ebe o ritere ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka ọrụ nka ya. N'afọ 2008, Akinnifesi gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Lagos na nzere na Geography na Regional Planning, N'afọ 2012, Akinnifesi nwetara nzere masta na Environmental Monitoring, Modelling, na Management na King's College London.
Ọrụ
N'afọ 2005, Akinnifesi dị afọ iri na asatọ bụ onye e chiri nwa agbọghọ kachasị mma na Naịjirịa, nke mere ka o ruo eru ịnọchite anya mba ya na Miss World Pageant na China n'otu afọ ahụ, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ịkụ osisi maka gọọmentị China. Akinnifesi pụtara onye nke mbụ na nsụgharị Naijiria nke Strictly Come Dancing, Celebrity Takes 2 tupu ọ malite mmekọrịta ọha na eze ya na azụmahịa Elle Poise. A na-eto Aknnifesi dị ka akara ngosi ejiji n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-asọpụrụ ya na 2011 Allure Style Awards. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o kpughere na ọ nwetara mgbasa ozi afọ isii nke iyi egwu site n'aka onye na-eme ihe ike.
N'afọ 2016, Akinnifesi wepụtara akara uwe ya nke akpọrọ, "Omowunmi"
Ndetu
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ashraf Fahmy
Ashraf Fahmy bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Ijipt, nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Ijipti kemgbe ngwụcha afọ 1960. E nyere ya otuto site na ịmalite ọrụ ya ma duzie ihe nkiri mbụ ya (The Killers - n'asụsụ Arabic: القتلة) nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Salah Zulfikar na-eme nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Fahmy bụ onye nduzi nwere obi ike nke a na-ahụkarị na mmemme ihe nkiri n'ụwa niile, na mgbakwunye, o dere edemede nke ihe nkiri atọ gụnyere (Until The End of Lifetime), nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe nkiri ya a kachasị echeta.
Ndụ agụmakwụkwọ mbụ
Ashraf Fahmy nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts (History major) na Mahadum Cairo na 1961, mgbe ahụ ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Egyptian High Cinema Institute na Giza na 1963 iji malite ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Egypt, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ gụrụ Directing na Mahadim California site na 1964 ruo 1967.
Mmalite dị ka onye nduzi
Fahmy rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi na "National Center for Documentary Seetma", ọ duziri ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ ya nke a kpọrọ A New Life ma nye ya ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri a na "Dok Leipzigfilm festival", wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka osote Fatin Abdel Wahab, Abduel Rahman Khamisi na Youssef Chahine, mgbe ahụ ọ duziri Ihe nkiri mbụ ya The Killers (1971).
Ihe nkiri
Ebe ọ bụ na ihe nkiri mbụ ya (The Killers - n'asụsụ Arabic: القتلة) nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Egypt bụ Salah Zulfikar mere ka ọ nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ, ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 1970s, 1980s na 1990s nyere ya aha dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe egwu. O sonyere na Cinema Council Adarhmassh na 1969, e wee họpụta ya dị ka Onye isi oche nke ndị nduzi nke Studios, Production na High investment na 1977. N'oge ọrụ ya niile, ọ duziri, dee ma mepụta ihe nkiri 50.
Ihe nrite
Emume ihe nkiri Egypt, Middle East & International sọpụrụ Fahmy. Ihe nrite ya a ma ama bụ maka ihe nkiri ndụ ọhụrụ na mmemme ihe nkiri Dok Leipzig nke Leipzig, East Germany.
Coleen Rowley
thumb|Coleen Rowley Coleen Rowley (Amụrụ na Disemba 20, 1954) bụ onye America bụbu onye ọrụ pụrụ iche nke FBI na onye na-eme mkpesa, ọ bụkwa onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) maka Congress na mpaghara nke abụọ nke Minnesota, otu n'ime mpaghara asatọ nke Minnesota n'afọ 2006. Ọ meriri na ntuli aka n'ozuzu ya n'aka onye Republican nọ n'ọkwa John Kline. A maara Rowley nke ọma maka ịgba akaebe banyere nchegbu gbasara FBI ileghara ozi nke onye a na-enyo enyo na ọ bụ onye na-eyi ọha egwu n'oge 9/11, nke dugara na nyocha afọ abụọ nke Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi.
Rowley tolitere na New Hampton, Iowa, ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na klas ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'afọ 1973. Nna ya bụ onye na-ebu akwụkwọ ozi ruo afọ 31. Ọ natara nzere B.A. ya na French na nsọpụrụ site na Wartburg College na Waverly, Iowa, na 1977. N'afọ 1980, ọ natara nzere J.D. ya na Mahadum nke Iowa College of Law wee gafee ule Iowa bar n'oge ọkọchị ahụ.
Ebenside
<references group="" responsive="1"> Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Baskin-Robbins
Baskin-Robbins-mara dị ka 'Iri Atọ na-Otu flavors'. Ọ bụ ezie na ya flavor n'ọbá akwụkwọ mejupụtara 1000 flavors, nanị 31 flavors dị na a ahịa na a nyere oge, otu onye maka otu ụbọchị nke ọnwa.
Na omume, ọtụtụ Baskin-Robbins 'franchises ebu 32 flavors bụla e nyere n'oge, n'ihi na akụkụ anọ udi nke na friji nkeji na primality nke ọnụ ọgụgụ 31.
Segun Awolowo
Segun Awolowo Jr. (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 27 n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1963), bụ onye isi oche nke Nigerian Export Promotion Council, ọkwá ọ malitere kemgbe afọ 2013. Ọ bụ nwa nwa onye bụbu onye mba Naịjirịa, onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye ọchịchị, Chief Obafemi Awolowo. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2021, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke National Trade Promotion Organizations (TPOs) site na mba ndị otu ECOWAS.
Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari na October 12 kwupụtara Dr. Ezra Yakusak dịka onye isi oche ọhụrụ nke NEPC na ọrụ ya na-amalite n'abalị 27 ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2021.
Mmalite ndụ
A mụrụ Olusegun Awolowo Jr. na 27th nke Septemba afọ 1963 na Segun Awolowo. Nna ya (Segun Awolowo Sr.) nwụrụ n'afọ 1963 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na ise site n'ihe mberede ụgbọala n'okporo ụzọ ochie Ibadan-Lagos. A mụrụ ya ọnwa abụọ nna ya nwụsịrị. Segun Jr. gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị n'aka nwanne nne ya, Oriakụ Tola Oyediran (nee Awolowo) na di ya Prof. Kayode Oyediran. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ya na nne ya na ụmụnne ya ndị ọzọ biri.
Agụmakwụkwọ
Segun Jr. malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mayhill Convent School n'akụkụ Dolapo Osinbajo, nwunye osote onye isi ala Yemi Osinbajo, niile nọ n'aka Prọfesọ na Oriakụ Oyediran. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ gara Igbobi College, Yaba, Lagos Steeti maka agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya ma gụchaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Government College, Ibadan. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gara Mahadum Ogun State (nke bụzi Mahadum Olabisi Onabanjo), Ago Iwoye wee nweta nzere LLB.
Ọrụ
Segun Awolowo rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ iwu nke Abayomi Sogbesan & Co. yana ụlọ ọrụ iwu nke GOK Ajayi & Co. mgbe a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu na Disemba afọ 1989. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọchịchị onye isi ala Olusegun Obasanjo dịka onye enyemaka pụrụ iche na ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala, ịdị uchu iwu na ihe gbasara iwu. Onye isi ala Umaru Musa Yar’Adua họpụtara Maazị Awolowo dịka onye enyemaka pụrụ iche ma soro Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA), Abuja rụọ ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ maka mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na odeakwụkwọ njem site n'afọ 2007 ruo afọ 2011. Mgbe ntuli aka nke ọchịchị ọhụrụ na 2011, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ iwu ya ruo na Nọvemba afọ 2013 mgbe Onye isi ala Goodluck Jonathan họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche / onye isi oche nke Nigerian Export Promotion Council. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2021, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke National Trade Promotion Organizations (TPOs) site na mba ndị otu ECOWAS.
NEPC
Onye isi ala Goodluck Jonathan họpụtara Maazị Segun Awolowo ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) n'afọ 2013 ma ọrụ ya gwụrụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2017 mana onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari họpụtara ya ọzọ dịka onye isi oche na onye isi ọrụ na Febụwarị afọ 2018 maka afọ anọ ọzọ. N'ọnwa June 2019, NEPC n'okpuru ndu ya mere atụmatụ mmekorita ya na ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa, Shoprite maka nke ikpeazụ iji bubata ngwaahịa Naịjirịa na mba Afrịka ndị ọzọ.
Mmanụ efu
Segun Awolowo na-akwọ ụgbọala Zero Oil Plan, dịka atụmatụ akụ na ụba maka Naịjirịa. E bidoro ya n'afọ 2016. O sonyere ịkwalite atụmatụ ahụ na ngalaba nkeonwe, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị dị mkpa na ndị mmekọ mmepe mba ụwa na azụmahịa. Zero Oil bụ akụkụ nke Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP), atụmatụ oge etiti nke Federal Ministry of Budget and National Planning mepụtara. Atụmatụ Zero Oil ya bụ ịbawanye mbupụ mba ahụ site n'ịbawanye mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ndị e mere n'ụlọ, site na mbupụ ihe eji emepụta ihe iji jiri ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ baa uru iji mee ka ego mgbanwe mba ọzọ dịkwuo elu, iji kwalite uru nke ngwaahịa na ọrụ ndị Naijiria mere na mba ọzọ, na ịmepụta ọrụ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịmepụta $ 30billion na ego mgbanwe mba ọzọ.
MOU n'etiti AFREXIM, NEPC na NEXIM
N'afọ 2018, Segun Awolowo duuru NEPC bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ruru otu ijeri dollar na AFREXIM Bank na Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) na mbipụta mbụ nke Intra-African Trade Fair (IATF2018) na Cairo, Egypt; nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwalite ahia n'etiti mba Afrịka.
Ndụ onwe
Segun Awolowo Jr. lụrụ nwunye ma nwee ụmụ. Nwa ya nwanyị, Seun bụ onye na-ekwu okwu na-akpali akpali ma na-eduzi otu NGO a na-akpọ Teach-A-Girl Nigeria, nke na-elekwasị anya na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ agbọghọ na Nigeria. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Leads Africa na 3D Living Moments.
Edemsibịa
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Adrienne Camp
Adrie rentnne "Adie" Camp (née Liesching; amụrụ n'abalị iri na abụọ nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 1981) bụ onye South Africa na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu, onye a maara di ka onye isi abụ nke Christian pop-rock band nke Benjamin Gate  tupu otu ahụ agbahapụ n'afọ 2003. O nyere aka na mmelite abọm ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe omume, dị ka ngụkọ egwu ya na onye na-eti egwu bụ John Reuben gosipụtara na abọm ya Professional Rapper na ụda olu ya na abọm di ya Jeremy Camp's Restored na Live Unplugged, mgbe Benjamin Gate gbasasịrị.
Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a n'okpuru aha "Adie" ma wepụta abọm mbụ ya bụ Don't Wait n'abalị iri abụọ na isii nke ọnwa Septemba afọ 2006. Dị ya bụ Jeremy Camp so na mmepụtara abọm ahụ. Egwu ya "Your Way" gbagọrọ ma ruu ogo nke iri na ise bụ Top 15 na chaatị Magazin Ndị otu Kraịst nke R&R n'onwa Mee afọ 2007. E wepụtara ntọhapụ ya nke abụọ, nke akpọrọ Just You and Me, n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2010.
Wema Bank
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere ụlọ akụ ahụ na Mee 2, 1945, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ (n'okpuru aha ochie nke Agbonmagbe Bank Limited). E hiwere ụlọ akụ ahụ na Mee 2, 1945 dị ka Agbonmagbe Bank site n'aka Onye isi nwụrụ anwụ Mathew Adekoya Okupe. O guzobere alaka mbụ nke ụlọ akụ ahụ nke dị na Ebute-metta, Sagamu, Abeokuta na Ijebu-Igbo. Ụlọ akụ ahụ nọgidere na-abụ nke ya ruo mgbe Western Nigeria Marketing Board weghaara ya ma mesịa kpọgharịa ya Wema Bank Limited na 1969. Kemgbe ahụ, Wema Bank anọgidewo na-abụ ụlọ akụ ụmụ amaala kacha ogologo oge na Naịjirịa. E nyere ya ikike ụlọ akụ azụmahịa ma malite ọrụ ụlọ akụ n'otu afọ ahụ. Wema Bank gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ụgwọ ọha na eze na 1987. N'afọ 1990, edepụtara ụlọ akụ ahụ na Nigerian Stock Exchange. Ọ na-azụ ahịa n'okpuru akara: WEMABANK. E nyere ya ikike Universal Banking License na Febụwarị 2001.
N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2015, Wema ghọrọ ụlọ akụ mba, nke nwere ego azụmahịa karịrị N43.8billion n'ihi na ọ mezuru ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ikikere National Banking dị ka Central Bank of Nigeria kwuru.
Onwunwe
Wema Bank Plc. bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa n'ihu ọha, na-azụ ahịa n'okpuru akara WEMABANK na Naịjirịa Stock Exchange. Dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ si kwuo, òkè dị na ụlọ akụ ahụ dị ka egosiri na tebụl dị n'okpuru ebe a:
ALAT nke a makwaara dị ka ALAT by Wema bụ ụlọ akụ dijitalụ nke dị na Naijiria. Ụlọ akụ ahụ enweghị alaka na akwụkwọ.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
ALAT malitere na Mee 2, 2017 site na Wema Bank Plc, ụlọ akụ azụmahịa Naijiria. N'ime afọ mbụ ya, ALAT by Wema nwetara ihe karịrị ndị ahịa pụkụ narị abụọ na ịrị ise ma na-ahụ maka ihe karịrị NGN 1.6bn ($ 4.48m) na nkwụnye ego n'ozuzu. N'afọ 2018, ụlọ akụ ahụ mechiri na akara NGN 1bn ($ 2.78m) n'ihe gbasara itinye ego na akaụntụ nchekwa.
Adrienne Camp
Ndụ onwe onye
N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2003, Liesching lụrụ onye egwu America, bu Jeremy Camp. Di na nwunye a zutere na njem ọnwa atọ n'afọ 2002. Ha nwere ụmụ atọ.
Wema Bank
ALAT Maka Azụmaahịa
ALAT For Business bụ ụdị ụlọ ọrụ nke ALAT.
Adrienne Camp
Olu
Todd Hertz nke otu Christianity Today kọwara olu Camp dị ka olu "ihu n'anya na obi ọṅụṅụ ọkụ" "njikọ dị ịtụnanya nke Bjork na ike nke Shirley Manson. " Onye nyocha n'edere ndị Daily Herald ihe odide nke Arlington Heights, Illinois kọwara olu Camp dị ka ihe na-akpali ncheta nke Gwen Stefani, Aimee Echo, Christina Aguilera, na Shakira, n'oge ahụ niile "na-anọgide na-abụ pụrụ iche ma dị iche."
Discografị
Nke Benjamin Gate
Wema Bank
Nchịkwa
Maazị Babatunde Kasali bụ Onye isi oche nke ụlọ akụ ahụ; Ademola Adebise bụ Onye isi nchịkwa / Onye isi oche.
Njikọ ụlọọrụ
Wema Bank na-arụ ọrụ netwọk nke ihe karịrị alaka otú narị na iri anọ na itoolu na ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado site na ikpo okwu ICT siri ike gafee Naịjirịa. Wema Bank taa aghọwo otu n'ime ndị guzobere ndị bịanyere aka na ụkpụrụ na maka ụlọ akụ na-aza ajụjụ, na-agba mbọ ịhazi azụmahịa ya na ebumnuche mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na nkwekọrịta Paris na mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Adrienne Camp
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Wema Bank
Mgbanwe dijitalụ
ALAT by Wema
Wema Bank malitere ụlọ akụ dijitalụ mbụ zuru oke na Naịjirịa, ALAT By Wema, na Mee 2017. N'ime mgbalị ịkọwapụta ụlọ akụ ahụmịhe na Naịjirịa, ụlọ akụ na-enweghị alaka, nke na-enweghị akwụkwọ belatara nrụgide nke ịbanye n'ime alaka iji mepee akaụntụ na usoro ndebanye aha na-enweghị ntụpọ site na iji ekwenti maọbu igwe kọmputa.
Hackaholics The Wema Bank Hackathon
Na Maachị 2019, ọ chikọbara Hackaholics - hackathon mbụ ya.
Overexploitation
Mmegbu gabigara ókè, nke a na-akpọkwa owuwe ihe ubi gabigara ókè, na-ezo aka n'iwe ihe ubi ihe a na-emegharị emegharị ruo n'ókè nke mbelata nloghachi. Ịga n'ihu na mmegbu nwere ike ibute mbibi nke akụ ahụ. Okwu a na-emetụta akụ na ụba dị ka: osisi ọgwụ ọhịa, ala ịta nri, anụ ọhịa, azụ azụ, ọhịa, na mmiri mmiri.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mgbe nnukwu nnụnụ na-adịghị efe efe nke a na-akpọ moa na-erigbu ruo n'ókè nke ịla n'iyi, nnukwu ugo Haast nke na-eri ha gbanyụkwara. Nchegbu banyere mmegbu gabigara ókè bụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya, ọ bụ ezie na mmegbu n'onwe ya abụghị ihe ọhụrụ. A hụla ya kemgbe ọtụtụ puku afọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji nnụnụ mamo eme uwe mwụda ndị eze Hawaiian na-eyi; otu uwe mwụda na-eji ajị anụ nnụnụ puku iri asaa (70,000) nke ụdị a na-apụ n'anya ugbu a. Dodo, nnụnụ na-adịghị efe efe si Mauritius, bụ ihe atụ ọzọ a maara nke ọma ka ndị a na-mmegbu. Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ ụdị agwaetiti, ọ bụ onye na-amaghị ihe banyere ụfọdụ ndị na-eri anụ, na-enye ụmụ mmadụ ohere ịbịaru ya nso ma gbuo ya n'ụzọ dị mfe.
Site n'oge gboo, ịchụ nta bụ ọrụ mmadụ dị mkpa dị ka ụzọ isi lanarị. E nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme dum nke mmegbu n'ụzọ gabigara ókè n'ụdị ịchụ nta. Echiche nke igbu oke (ihe omume mkpochapụ nke anọ) na-akọwa ihe mere mkpochapụ megafaunal ji mee n'ime obere oge. Enwere ike ịchọta nke a na mbugharị mmadụ. Ihe akaebe kachasị mma nke echiche a bụ na 80% nke nnukwu ụdị anụ ndị dị na mba North America na-apụ n'anya n'ime otu pukuafọ 1000 nke ọbịbịa ụmụ mmadụ na kọntinent ọdịda anyanwụ. Mbibi kachasị ngwa ngwa nke megafauna mere na New Zealand, ebe site na 1500 AD, naanị afọ 200 mgbe ha biri n'àgwàetiti ndị ahụ, ndị Māori chụrụ ụdị nnụnụ iri nke nnukwu nnụnụ moa ka ha laa n'iyi. Mbibi nke abụọ mere mgbe e mesịrị na ebe obibi ndị Europe.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, mmegbu gabigara ókè emeela ka echiche nke nkwụsi ike na mmepe na-aga n'ihu jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ pụta, nke wuru n'echiche ndị ọzọ, dị ka mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide, mmepe gburugburu ebe obibi, na gburugburu ebe obibi miri emi.
Nkọwapụta
Mmegbu mmadụ n'ụzọ gabigara ókè anaghị eduga na mbibi nke akụ ahụ, ọ bụghịkwa ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide. Otú ọ dị, ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụ ahụ nwere ike ịgbanwe àgwà ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwụ ụkwụ bụ nkwụ ọhịa a na-ahụ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. A na-eji akwụkwọ ya eme ihe maka ịcha ahịhịa na ikpuchi nri, na owuwe ihe ubi gabigara ókè emeela ka akwụkwọ ya dị ntakịrị.
Ọdachi nke ndị nkịtị
N'afọ 1968, akwụkwọ akụkọ Science bipụtara otu isiokwu nke Garrett Hardin dere nke isiokwu ya bụ "The Tragedy of the Commons". Ọ dabeere n'ilu nke William Forster Lloyd bipụtara na 1833 iji kọwaa otú ndị mmadụ n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-eme ihe ọ bụla maka ọdịmma onwe ha nwere ike iji, ma bibie, akụ ha niile na-ekerịta. [peeji dị Lloyd kọwara ọnọdụ dị mfe dabere na ikike ala nke oge ochie na Europe. Ndị na-azụ anụ na-ekerịta ala nke onye nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ikike ịta ehi ha. N'isiokwu Hardin, ọ bụ maka ọdịmma nke onye ọ bụla na-azụ ehi ịta ehi ọhụrụ ọ bụla nke onye na-azụ ehi na-enweta n'ala nkịtị, ọ bụrụgodị na ikike ibu nke nkịtị karịrị, nke na-emebi ihe nkịtị maka ndị na-azụ ehi niile. Onye na-azụ anụ nwere mmasị onwe ya na-enweta uru niile nke inwe ehi ọzọ, ebe ndị na-azụ anụ niile na-ekerịta mmebi nke nkịtị. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-azụ anụ niile na-eru otu mkpebi ezi uche dị na ya ịzụta ehi ndị ọzọ ma na-ata ha nri na nkịtị, nke na-emesị bibie nkịtị. Hardin kwubiri: Ọdachi ahụ dị n'ime ya. A na-akpọchi nwoke ọ bụla n'ime usoro nke na-amanye ya ịbawanye ìgwè ehi ya n'enweghị oke - n'ime ụwa nke nwere oke. Mbibi bụ ebe mmadụ niile na-agba ọsọ, onye nke ọ bụla na-achụso mmasị ya na ọha mmadụ nke kwenyere na nnwere onwe nke obodo. Nnwere onwe n'ime obodo na-eweta mbibi nye mmadụ niile: 1244 N'ime edemede ya, Hardin na-emepe isiokwu ahụ, na-ese ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke obodo ikpeazụ, dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ mba, ikuku, oké osimiri, osimiri na azụ azụ. Ihe atụ nke azụ azụ mere ka ụfọdụ kpọọ nke a "ọdachi nke ndị na-akụ azụ̀". Isi isiokwu na-aga n'ihu na edemede ahụ bụ uto nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na oke akụ na ụba nke ụwa bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị.
Ọdachi nke obodo nwere mgbọrọgwụ ọgụgụ isi na-esite na Aristotle, onye kwuru na "ihe a na-ahụkarị ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nwere nlekọta kacha nta e nyere ya", yana Hobbes na Leviathan ya. A na-akpọ ọnọdụ dị iche na ọdachi nke obodo mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ọdachi nke ndị anticommons: ọnọdụ nke ndị nwere ezi uche, na-eme ihe iche iche, na-emefu ihe onwunwe site n'iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-abaghị uru.
Enwere ike izere ọdachi nke obodo ma ọ bụrụ na a na-achịkwa ya n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị. A ghọtachọkarị ojiji Hardin ji "commons" mee ihe, nke mere ka Hardin kwuo na o kwesịrị ịkpọ ọrụ ya "Ọdachi nke obodo ndị a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa".
Ịzụ azụ
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|A na-eji tuna bluefin nke Atlantic eme ihe ugbu a. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na tọn 7,500 kwa afọ bụ oke na-adịgide adịgide, mana ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ na-aga n'ihu na-ewe tọn 60,000. N'ime azụmaahịa ọhịa, oke mmegbu ma ọ bụ oke azụ na-eme mgbe a na-akụ azụ̀ azụ "n'okpuru nha nke, na nkezi, ga-akwado ogologo oge kachasị mma nke azụmaahịa ahụ". Otú ọ dị, mmegbu gabigara ókè nwere ike ịdịgide.
Mgbe azụmaahịa malitere iwepụta azụ site na azụmaahịa a na-ejighị n'oge gara aga, biomass nke azụmaahịa ahụ ga-ebelata, ebe ọ bụ na owuwe ihe ubi pụtara na a na-ewepụ azụ. Maka nkwụsi ike, ọnụego nke azụ na-ejupụta biomass site na mmeputakwa ga-edozi ọnụego nke azụ a na-ewe ihe ubi. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụego owuwe ihe ubi mụbara, mgbe ahụ, ngwaahịa ọnụ ọgụgụ Ihe ndị dị ndụ ga-ebelata. N'otu oge, a ga-enweta oke owuwe ihe ubi nke enwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe, na mgbalị ndị ọzọ iji mụbaa ọnụego owuwe ihe ubi ga-eme ka azụmaahịa ahụ daa. A na-akpọ isi ihe a oke mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide, na omume, na-emekarị mgbe azụ ahụ gbaturu ruo ihe dị ka pasentị atọ (30%) nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ o nwere tupu owuwe ihe ubi amalite.
Enwere ike ịkụ azụ n'ihu, wee ruo pasentị iri na ise (15%) nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ tupu owuwe ihe ubi, wee gbanwee ọnụego owuwe ihe ubi ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ wee nọgide na ọkwa ahụ. N'okwu a, azụmaahịa ahụ na-adịgide adịgide, mana ugbu a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè, n'ihi na ngwaahịa ahụ agbadaala ruo n'ókè ebe mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide dị ala karịa ka ọ nwere ike ịbụ.
A na-ekwu na azụ "na-ada" ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ ha na-ebelata site na ihe karịrị pasent 95 nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ha. A na-eji oke cod nke Atlantic eme ihe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'afọ 1970s nakwa 1980s, na-eduga na ọdịda ha na mberede n'afọ 1992. N'agbanyeghi na ịkụ azụ akwụsịla, azụ ndị ahụ a ka nwetabeghị onwe ha. Enweghị cod dị ka onye na-eri anụ n'ọtụtụ ebe emeela ka trophic cascades.
Ihe dị ka 25% nke azụmaahịa ụwa na-ejizi oke njọ ruo n'ókè ebe biomass ha dị ugbu a dị ala karịa ọkwa nke na-eme ka mkpụrụ ha na-adịgide adịgide. Azụ azụ ndị a na-agwụ agwụ nwere ike ịgbake ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ebelata nrụgide azụmaahịa ruo mgbe biomass ngwaahịa laghachiri na biomass kachasị mma. N'oge a, enwere ike ịmaliteghachi owuwe ihe ubi na nso oke mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide.
Enwere ike izere ọdachi nke obodo n'ime ọnọdụ azụmaahịa ma ọ bụrụ na a na-achịkwa mgbalị na omume azụmaahịa n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị site na njikwa azụmaahịa. Otu ụzọ dị irè nwere ike ịbụ ikenye ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe n'ụdị ọnụọgụ nke onye ọ bụla (ITQs) nye ndị ọkụ azụ. N'afọ 2008, nnukwu nnyocha banyere azụmaahịa nke jiri ITQs, na ndị na-emeghị ya, nyere ihe akaebe siri ike na ITQs na-enyere aka igbochi ọdịda ma weghachite azụmaahịa nke yiri ka ọ na-ada ada.
Ngwongwo mmiri
áká_èkpè|thumb|Imegbu oke mmiri dị n'ime ala site na mmiri nwere ike ime ka mmiri dị elu. Ngwongwo mmiri, dị ka ọdọ mmiri na mmiri mmiri, na-abụkarị ihe ndị a na-emegharị emegharị nke na-agbanyeghachi (a na-eji okwu mmiri fossil mgbe ụfọdụ akọwa mmiri mmiri nke na-adịghị ebugharị). Mmegbu gabigara ókè na-eme ma ọ bụrụ na a na-egwupụta ma ọ bụ wepụ ihe onwunwe mmiri, dị ka Ogallala Aquifer, na ọnụego nke karịrị ọnụego mgbapụta, ya bụ, na ọnụego nke karịrị mkpụrụ na-adịgide adịgide. Ntughari na-esitekarị na iyi mpaghara, osimiri na ọdọ mmiri. A na-ekwu na a na-agbanye mmiri mmiri nke ejirila mee ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè ma ọ bụ gwụ. Ọhịa na-eme ka mmiri na-agbanyeghachi na mpaghara ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na n'ozuzu ọhịa bụ isi iyi nke nkwụsị mmiri. Mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma nwere ike imetọ ya site na ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka nitrates, ma ọ bụ mebie ya na-adịgide adịgide site na ọdịda ala ma ọ bụ site na ntinye saline site n'oké osimiri.
Nke a na-eme ka ọtụtụ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala n'ụwa ghọọ akụ na ụba na arụmụka ojiji kachasị elu yiri mmanụ. Arụmụka ndị a na-agbakarị gburugburu ọrụ ugbo na iji mmiri eme ihe n'ime obodo mana mmepụta ọkụ eletrik site na ike nuklia ma ọ bụ coal na tar sands mining bụkwa mmiri siri ike. A gbanwere oghere Hubbert na-emetụta akụ ọ bụla nwere ike iwepụta ngwa ngwa karịa ka enwere ike dochie ya. Ọ bụ ezie na nyocha mbụ nke Hubbert etinyeghị aka na akụ na ụba a na-emegharị emegharị, mmegbu ha nwere ike ime ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu dị ka Hubbert. Nke a emeela ka e nwee echiche nke mmiri kachasị elu.
Ihe onwunwe ọhịa
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Igbutu oke ọhịa ochie na Canada. A na-eji ọhịa eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè mgbe a na-egbutu ha n'ọsọ ngwa ngwa karịa ka a na-eweghachi osisi. Iweghachite ọhịa na-asọ mpi na ojiji ala ndị ọzọ dị ka mmepụta nri, ịta anụ ụlọ, na ebe obibi maka uto akụ na ụba. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, iji ngwaahịa ọhịa eme ihe, gụnyere osisi na osisi mmanụ, arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa na ọha mmadụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọrụ nke mmiri na ala a na-akọ. Taa, mba ndị mepere emepe na-anọgide na-eji osisi arụ ụlọ, na osisi pulp maka akwụkwọ. Na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ijeri mmadụ atọ na-adabere na osisi maka ikpo ọkụ na isi nri. Uru akụ na ụba dị mkpụmkpụ nke a na-enweta site na ịtụgharị ọhịa gaa na ọrụ ugbo, ma ọ bụ iji ngwaahịa osisi eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè, na-edugakarị n'efu ego ogologo oge na mmepụta ihe dị ogologo oge. Ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, Madagascar, Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na ọtụtụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ enwetala ego dị ala n'ihi oke mmegbu na mbelata nke owuwe ihe ubi osisi.
Biodiversity
Otu n'ime isi okwu ahụike metụtara ụdị ndụ dị iche iche bụ nchọpụta ọgwụ na nnweta ọgwụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọgwụ bụ ngwaahịa sitere n'okike sitere, kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè, site na isi mmalite. Ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri nwere mmasị karịsịa na nke a. Otú ọ dị, nyocha bioprospecting na-enweghị nchịkwa na nke na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nwere ike ibute oke mmegbu, mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnwụ nke ihe dị iche iche.
Ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ
Dị ka ihe atụ ọzọ, mgbe e webatara hedgehog dị umeala n'obi n'àgwàetiti Scotland nke Uist, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya mụbara nke ukwuu ma were na-eri ma na-erigara àkwá shorebird eme ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè, na-akpata nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma ha. A na-emetụta ụdị avifauna iri na abụọ, ebe a na-ebelata ụfọdụ ụdị ọnụ ọgụgụ site na 39%.
N'ebe enwere nnukwu mbugharị mmadụ, ọgba aghara obodo, ma ọ bụ agha, njikwa nwere ike ọ gaghịzi adị. Site na ọgba aghara obodo, dịka ọmụmaatụ na Congo na Rwanda, égbè aghọwo ihe a na-ahụkarị na mmebi nke netwọk nkesa nri na mba ndị dị otú ahụ na-ahapụ akụ na ụba nke gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-egbu ọbụna ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ma ọ bụ naanị iji kpasuo gọọmentị iwe. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnukwu primates, dị ka gorilla na chimpanzees, ungulates na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, nwere ike belata site na 80% ma ọ bụ karịa site na ịchụ nta, a pụkwara iwepụ ụfọdụ ụdị kpamkpam. A na-akpọ mbelata a nsogbu anụ ọhịa.
Vertebrates
Mmegbu gabigara ókè na-eyi otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke vertebrates nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, yana ìgwè ndị ọzọ. Ewezuga azụ a na-eri eri, azụmahịa iwu na-akwadoghị nke anụ ọhịa dị ijeri $ 10 kwa afọ. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka nke a gụnyere ahia anụ ọhịa, ahia ọgwụ ndị China, na ahia ajị anụ. E guzobere Convention for International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, ma ọ bụ CITES iji chịkwaa ma chịkwaa ahia nke anụmanụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ọ na-echebe ugbu a, ruo n'ókè dịgasị iche iche, ihe dị ka ụdị anụmanụ na osisi 33,000. A na-eme atụmatụ na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke vertebrates nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na United States of America na ọkara nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ bụ n'ihi oke mmegbu.
Nnụnụ
N'ozuzu ya, ụdị nnụnụ iri ise nke na-apụ n'anya kemgbe 1500 (ihe dị ka 40% nke ngụkọta) anọwo n'okpuru mmegbu, gụnyere:
Mmetụta Cascade
áká_èkpè|thumb|Imegbu oke osimiri kpatara mmetụta cascade nke bibiri oke ọhịa kelp. Imegbu oke nke ụdị nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ịkụ aka ma ọ bụ cascade. Nke a nwere ike itinye aka karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na, site na mmegbu, ebe obibi na-efunahụ onye na-eri anụ ya. N'ihi ọnwụ nke anụ ọhịa kachasị elu, mmụba dị egwu n'ụdị anụ ha nwere ike ime. N'aka nke ya, anụ a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nwere ike iji ihe oriri nke aka ha mee ihe ruo mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ belatara, ma eleghị anya ruo n'ókè nke ịla n'iyi.
Ihe atụ zuru oke nke mmetụta cascade mere na oke osimiri. Malite tupu narị afọ nke iri na asaa ma ghara ịkwụsị ya ruo n'afọ 1911, a na-achụ nta oke osimiri n'ike n'ike maka akpụkpọ anụ ha na-ekpo ọkụ ma baa uru, nke nwere ike iru $ 2500 US. Nke a kpatara mmetụta cascade site na kelp ọhịa ecosystems tinyere Pacific Coast nke North America.
Otu n'ime isi nri nke oke osimiri bụ oke osimiri. Mgbe ndị na-achụ nta mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ otter nke oké osimiri belata, ntọhapụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ urchin oké osimiri mere. Ndị urchins nke oké osimiri na-ejizi isi nri ha, kelp, na-emepụta urchin barrens, ebe ndị dị n'ala oké osimiri na-enweghị kelp, mana e tinyere urchins. N'ịbụ onye na-enweghịzi nri ọ ga-eri, oke osimiri ahụ gbanyụkwara n'ógbè ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ebe ọ bụ na oke ọhịa kelp bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ, ọnwụ nke kelp kpatara mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke nkwụsị nke abụọ.
N'afọ 1911, mgbe naanị otu obere ìgwè nke oke osimiri iri atọ na abụọ lanarịrị n'ime oke osimiri dịpụrụ adịpụ, a bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa iji gbochie mmegbu ọzọ nke oke osimiri. N'okpuru nchebe siri ike, otters mụbara ma jupụta ebe ndị ahụ gwụrụ, nke ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbakee. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata nke azụ azụ, ọzọ n'ihi oke mmegbu, egbu egbu egbu enweela ụkọ nri ma hụla ya ka ọ na-eri anụ ọhịa oké osimiri, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ha ọzọ.
Ịgụgụ ọzọ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Njikọ nke Obere Agwaetiti
Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) bụ nzukọ gọọmentị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ nke mba ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na obere agwaetiti. E guzobere AOSIS na 1990, n'ihu Nzukọ nke Abụọ nke Ụwa. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke njikọ ahụ bụ iji mee ka olu nke Small Island Developing States (SIDS) sie ike iji dozie okpomọkụ ụwa.