cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Anja Marais
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mambila language
Mambila bụ usoro asụsụ na-agbasa na Naịjirịa na Cameroon. Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Mambiloid, alaka nke BenueʹCongo.
Olumba ndị a ma ama bụ Barup, Bang, Dorofi, Gembu, Hainari, Kabri, Mayo Ndaga, Mbamnga, Tamien, Warwar (na Nigeria); Sunu Torbi (Torbi), Ju Naare (Gembu), na Cameroon, Ju Ba na Langa. Mambila nwere ọtụtụ aha, nke, ewezuga aha olumba, gụnyere Bea, Ble, Juli, Lagubi, Nor, Nor Tagbo, Tongbo, na mkpoputa Mabila, Mambere, Mambilla.
Ndị na-eji ụrọ eme ihe n'etiti ndị Mambila na-asụ Somyev, asụsụ Mambiloid yiri ya, ọ bụ ezie na nke a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị.
Mkpụrụedemede
E nwere ihe omume nke njikọta ụdaume fricativized dị nso mgbe ọtụtụ ụdaume bu ụzọ. Alveolo-palatal fricative na ụdaume /i, ɨ/ dị ka [Xi, Xi], na ụda ezé egbugbere ọnụ na /ɯ/ dị ka. Nanị ụdaume /b, f, t, d, n, l, ʃ, k/ na-anụ ụdaume fricativized [bī, ʃī, fv, tv, dv, nv, lv, kv].
Nigerian Tribune
Nigerian Tribune bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Bekee nke e bipụtara na Ibadan na Nigeria. Ọ bụ Obafemi Awolowo hiwere ya n'afọ 1949 ma bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Naijiria nke kacha nọ te aka
N'ọnwa Jenụarị afọ 2011 otu Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) were iwe na akwụkwọ akụkọ na Nigerian Tribune na ebo ACN ebubo ịmanye ndị ha na ha ga-eso na primaries pati ahụ maka ntuliaka mba na-abịa. Otu ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ACN kpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ogbo ndị People's Democratic Party (PDP).
Na Septemba 2012, ndi isi oche nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ họpụtara Edward Dickson ka ọ bụrụ onye isi njikwa, onye is ndi mmezi; Debo Abdulai dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ Nigerian Tribune; Sina Oladeinde, onye mmezi Sonde Tribune na Lasisi Olagunju dị ka Onye mmezi Tribune satode
Nhọrọ America niile
All-America Selections (AAS) bụ òtù America nke na-anwale ụdị mkpụrụ ọhụrụ maka iji ya mee ihe n'ubi, ma na-akwalite ndị a na-ekpe ikpe ịrụ ọrụ kachasị mma site na atụmatụ onyinye ("AAS Winners"). Usoro nnwale ahụ gụnyere ndị ọkachamara n'ọrụ ugbo.
Ntinye aka
Ndị na-azụ osisi na ndị mmepe na-enyefe osisi ọhụrụ na AAS maka nyocha. A na-anwale osisi ndị ahụ n'ihe karịrị ebe 40 nwere onwe ha dị na steeti 24 nke US na mpaghara 5 nke Canada. A na-akpọ ebe nnwale ogige nnwale ma ọ bụ ebe nnwale. Ogige ikpe ọ bụla nwere ọ dịkarịa ala otu onye ọka ikpe AAS. Onye ọka ikpe na-ahụ maka ikpe ahụ ma na-enyocha ntinye maka AAS n'efu. Ọ dịghị onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị ọkàikpe a na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ọrụ AAS ha.
Ikpe
Onye ọka ikpe saịtị ahụ bụ maka iduzi ikpe nke ntinye na ntụnyere kacha nso na ahịa. Onye ọka ikpe na-enyocha ndenye ndị na-achọ àgwà ndị a na-achọsi ike dị ka ụdị ifuru akwụkwọ akụkọ, agba ifuru, ihe ngosi ifuru n'elu akwụkwọ, ísì ụtọ, ogologo oge okooko, na ọrịa ma ọ bụ ntachi obi ma ọ bụ mgbochi. A na-ekpe akwụkwọ nri na-achọ àgwà ndị dị ka ọsọ nke owuwe ihe ubi, mkpokọta mkpụrụ, uto mkpụrụ osisi, ịdị mma nke mkpụrụ osisi, ịdị mfe nke owuwe ihe ubi, àgwà osisi, ọrịa, na mgbochi ụmụ ahụhụ. N'ime afọ iri gara aga, ntinye kwesịrị ịnwe ma ọ dịkarịa ala àgwà abụọ ka mma nke ndị ikpe ga-atụle maka onyinye AAS.
Ndị ọka ikpe na-enyocha ule AAS n'oge niile, na-ekwupụta akara ha ọdịda ọ bụla. Ndị ọka ikpe na-enweta akara ntinye ọ bụla site na 0 ruo 5 isi, yana 5 bụ nke kachasị elu. AAS na-eji ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ ego nọọrọ onwe ya gbakọọ nkezi akara nke ntinye ọ bụla. Naanị ntinye nwere akara kachasị elu ka a na-atụle maka onyinye AAS ga-ekwe omume. Ndị ọka ikpe AAS na-ekpebi nke, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla, ndenye ọhụrụ a na-ereghị ere gosipụtara àgwà ndị dị elu nke a ga-ewebata dị ka ndị mmeri AAS.
Onyinye
N'afọ 1984, ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ AAS kpebiri ime ka usoro onyinye ahụ dị mfe ma nye naanị ụdị abụọ. E nwere ihe nrite ọla edo nke AAS echekwara maka ọganihu ọmụmụ. Gold Medal Awards abụwo ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, a na-enye naanị otu ugboro ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ n'ime afọ iri. Ihe nrite AAS nke ọzọ na-amata okooko osisi ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nri maka ihe dị ịrịba ama, nke gosipụtara na ọ dị elu karịa ndị ọzọ niile nọ n'ahịa. Ndị mmeri n'afọ ndị gara aga gụnyere ụdị pansy Viola wittrockiana 'Dwarf-Swiss Giants', Coreopsis 'Early Sunrise', 'Sugar Snap' peas, na Zinnia 'Thumbelina'.
Mmekọrịta ọha na eze
AAS anaghị akpọsa ndị mmeri AAS Award. AAS na-adabere na mmemme mmekọrịta ọha na eze iji mee ka ndị ọrụ ubi mara banyere ndị mmeri AAS nke a na-akpọsa na Septemba ọ bụla. Magazin ndị ahịa, akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ klọb ubi na ndị ọrụ mgbatị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na-adabere na ha iji mee ka ndị mmeri AAS mara ndị ọrụ ubi n'ụlọ.
Gary Simmons (artist)
Ọrụ mbụ
Simmons nwetara BFA ya na School of Visual Arts na 1988. Ọ natara MFA ya site na CalArts na 1990 ma nata ma National Endowment for the Arts Interarts Grant na Penny McCall Foundation Grant n'oge na-adịghị anya. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Simmons chọtara ụlọ ọrụ n'ụlọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọrụ aka ochie na Manhattan, New York. Oghere ya tọgbọ chakoo mana màkà ọtụtụ ihe ochie, osisi, chaatị klas na-agbagharị agbagharị, nke ọ malitere iji dị ka ihe osise n'usoro ọrụ mbụ gbasara agụmakwụkwọ na-ezighi ezi na echiche nke agbụrụ na njirimara klas. N'inwe mmasị na ọdịdị na-edoghị anya na nke na-adịghị adịgide adịgide, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na chalk na bọọdụ ma ọ bụ na mgbidi ndị e ji chalkboard paint mee ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị na 1990s. N'ọrụ ndị a, ọ na-ebikarị ihe oyiyi site na ihe osise oge ochie nke gosipụtara ihe osise ojii. N'ihe osise mgbidi a na-akpọ Wall of Eyes, nke e nyere iwu màkà 1993 Whitney Biennial, a na-eji anya eserese na-enweghị ahụ nke nha dị iche iche kpuchie elu ojii nke bọọdụ ahụ.
Usoro mkpochapụ
Ọrụ Simmons a ma ama bụ usoro Erasures ya. Ọ malitere nke a n'afọ ndị 1990 ma na-aga n'ihu na-ese ihe osise na mgbidi n'ụdị yiri nke ahụ. Chalkboards na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mma n'ihi na ọ na-ezo aka na nkuzi na mmụta. Ọ tụgharịrị ebe a na-akụzi akụkọ ihe méré eme ma jiri ehichapụ ihe iji degharịa usoro ike. Ọ na-emegharị ihe osise ndị na-egosi ihe osise ojii, ụfọdụ doro anya na ụfọdụ ehichapụrụ n'ime nrọ. Ihe osise ndị a na-ezo aka na mgbe ụdị ojii na mgbasa ozi bụ ónyé obi ụtọ, ónyé na-enweghị nchegbu, onye na'egwú. Mgbalị ndị a na-eme ka ihe oyiyi ahụ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmụọ. Ihichapụ bụ ụdị akara na-eme n'onwe ya. Enwere mmegharị dị ukwuu na ya nke dị iche na ahịrị siri ike nke ihe nkiri na-enweghị akara. Ọ na-eweta ihe ọjọọ gara aga nke America iji mebie ya, mana ọ ka chọrọ ka a mata ya. O nwere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke gosipụtara ụdị a. E gosipụtara otu n'ime nnukwu ihe osise mgbidi ya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Metro Pictures Gallery na Midnight Matinee, ihe ngosi nke ihe osise na eserese nke, dị ka ntinye Split Personality, na-egosi ihe osise ojii na-acha oji nke ntọala site na ihe nkiri egwu nke afọ 1970.
Nchịkọta
Ihe osise, ihe osise na ihe ọkpụkpụ Simmons egosila na US na mba ụwa na Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; SITE Santa Fe; The Studio Museum na Harlem; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Museum Villa Stuck, Munich, na nchịkọta onwé gụnyere Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC; Portland Art Museum, OR; Saint Louis Art Museum, MO; San Francisco Museo of Modern Art, Walker, Minneapolis; Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of American; Museum of American, New York; Pérez, Miami.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Stapfiella
Stapfiella bụ ụdị osisi na-agbasa okooko nke ezinụlọ Passifloraceae. Ọ dịkwa na Ezinụlọ Turneroideae.
Ebe a mụrụ ya bụ Afrika; a na-ahụ ya na Burundi, Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia na Zaïre.
Jodie Evans
Evans jere ozi na kọmitii nke Gọvanọ California Jerry Brown ma duzie mkpọsa 1992 ya maka onye isi ala. Evans na Medea Benjamin na ndị ọzọ guzobere otu ụmụ nwanyị na-emegide agha Code Pink. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Rainforest Action Network.
Stapfiella
Aha ụdị nke Stapfiella bụ iji sọpụrụ Otto Stapf (1857 1933 ), onye Austrian a mụrụ botanist na taxonomist. A kọwara ya na mbụ ma bipụta ya na G.W.J. Mildbraed (ed.[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Erg. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Zentr-Afr. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mpịakọta nke 2 na peeji nke 571 na 1913.
Jodie Evans
Amụrụ Evans ma zụlite ya na Las Vegas, Nevada. O buru ụzọ nwee mmasị na ikpe ziri ezi mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka odibo na nnukwu họtel Las Vegas dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma dịka ndị ọrụ ibe ya haziri, ọ gara ije maka ụgwọ ọrụ.
Stapfiella
Ụdị Ndị A Ma Ama
Dị ka Kew si kwuo;
Jodie Evans
Omume mkpesa CODEPINK ya gụnyere ịkpaghasị okwu Sarah Palin na 2008 Republican National Convention, na mkpesa n'afọ 2009 na Santa Monica megide ụlọ ọrụ ihe ntecha Israel Ahava. Mgbe o si Afghanistan lọta, o nyere onye isi ala Barack Obama mbinye aka site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị nọ na mba ahụ na US na-arịọ ya ka ọ ghara iziga ndị agha ọhụrụ n'ime esemokwu ahụ n'ebe ahụ.
Stapfiella
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mkpuru osisi na afrika
Jodie Evans
Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke People People's Support Foundation, ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru nke e guzobere n'afọ 2017 site na nkwado nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ngwanrọ ThoughtWorks.
Jonathan Mhondorohuma
Jonathan Mhondorohuma (a mụrụ ya n'ọnwa Disemba 25, 1974) bụ onye Zimbabwe na-akpụ ihe.
Jodie Evans
N'afọ 2019, Evans sonyeere onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-arụ ọrụ Jane Fonda n'usoro nzukọ kwa izu na omume nnupụisi obodo, nke a na-akpọ Fire Drill Fridays, na Washington DC's Capitol iji mee ka nsogbu ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ pụta ìhè, ebe e jidere Evans ọtụtụ oge tinyere Fonda.
Jonathan Mhondorohuma
Ọ bụ nwa afọ Mvurwi, Mhondorohuma gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị n'obodo ya, ma gụchaa ogo level O ya n'ebe ahụ. N'afọ 1989, enyi ya Square Chikwanda kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa rụọ ọrụ na Tengenenge Sculpture Community; ọ nọrọ ọnwa isii sochirinụ n'ebe ahụ na-amụta ihe site na Chikwanda tupu ọ kwaga Harare. N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere ma rụọ ọrụ n'okpuru Joseph Ndandarika, onye a ka nwere ike ịhụ mmetụta ya na ọrụ ya.
Mgbe Ndandarika nwụrụ n'afọ 1991, Mhondorohuma kwagara Hatfield ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ya. N'afọ 1997, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ese ihe na Chapungu Sculpture Park.
Jodie Evans
Ebenside
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jonathan Mhondorohuma
Ihe ọkpụkpụ Jonathan nwere ọtụtụ njikọ ezinụlọ, ma nwee njikọ dị ukwuu na ụmụ ya atọ, na nwunye ya Faith.
Jodie Evans
Ndụ Onwe Onye
Ọ lụrụ Max Palevsky ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Mee 5, 2010. Ọ bi na Venice, California ugbu a.
Jonathan Mhondorohuma
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jodie Evans
Ịgba mbọ
Omume mkpesa CODEPINK ya gụnyere ịkpaghasị okwu Sarah Palin na 2008 Republican National Convention, na mkpesa 2009 na Santa Monica megide ụlọ ọrụ ihe ntecha Israel Ahava. Mgbe o si Afghanistan lọta, o nyere onye isi ala Barack Obama mbinye aka site n'aka ụmụ nwaanyị
ị nọ na mba ahụ na US na-arịọ ya ka ọ ghara iziga ndị agha ọhụrụ n'ime esemokwu ahụ n'ebe ahụ.
Na Machị, 2010, n'oge Karl Rove binyere aka n'akwụkwọ, ya na ndị ọzọ nọ na Code Pink butere ọgbaghara. N'otu oge, Evans ji aka abụọ na-aga Rove, na-ekwupụta na ọ na-ejide nwa amaala. Na Jenụwarị 30, 2011, e jidere Evans maka omume ọgbaghara na họtel Rancho Mirage
be ọ n
na-edu ngagharị iwe megide David H. Koch na Charles G. Koch maka nkwado ego ha nyere akụkụ nke Tea Party Movement.
Ọ bụ onye nchopụta na onye isi oche nke People People's Support Foundation, ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru nke e guzobere na 2017 site na nkwado nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ngwanrọ ThoughtWorks.
N'afọ 2019, Evans sonyeere onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-arụ ọrụ Jane Fonda n'usoro nzukọ kwa izu na omume nnupụisi obodo, nke a na-akpọ Fire Drill Fridays, na Washington DC's Capitol iji mee ka nsogbu ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ pụta ìhè, ebe e jidere Evans ọtụtụ oge tinyere Fonda.
Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ Twilight of Empire: Responses to Occupation (2004) (Co-Editor) na Stop the Next War Now: Effective Responses to Violence and Terrorism (2005) (Co-editor).
Drawdown
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ezo aka n'oge ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu mgbè ọkwa nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ na ikuku kwụsịrị ịrịgo ma bídó ịda. Drawdown bụ ihe dị ịrịba ama n'ịtụgharị mgbanwe ihu igwe ma mechaa belata okpomọkụ ụwa. Project Drawdown na-ezo aka n'òtù na-enweghị uru nke nwéré ebumnuche inyere ụwa aka iru ala ma kwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emebi ngwa ngwa, n'enweghị nsogbụ, na n'ụzọ ziri ezi. N'afọ 2017, akwụkwọ akpọrọ "Drawdown" ghọrọ akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa na New York Times, ebe ọ gosipụtara ma kọwaa ihe ngwọta dị íchè íchè na mbọ dịnụ iji nyéré aka iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ a.
Nkwụsị Ọrụ
Project Drawdown bụ ọrụ mgbochi mgbanwe ihu igwe nkè Paul Hawken na ónyé na-ahụ màkà ihu igwe Amanda Joy Ravenhill malitere.
Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nkè ọrụ ahụ bụ:
Ntụle Ntụle
E bipụtara nyocha nke afọ 2020 nke nchọpụta nke dugara n'akwụkwọ afọ 2017 dị ka PDF 104 na 2020.
Ibinùkpaabi
The Ibini Ukpabi ( Ibibio: bụ okwu nke Aro Confederacy nke dị ugbu a n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Nigeria . Ndị Briten mara ya dị ka ' Long Ju-ju' . Eji Ibini Ukpabi dozie nsogbu, karịsịa nke igbu ọchụ, amoosu, nsị na esemokwu ezinụlọ. Isi okwu ahụ bụ isi n'ime Niger Delta; ọ bụ ebe obibi ahụ ka ndị mmadụ na-anwụ nke ọma, ma ndị nchụàjà nke Ibini Ukpabi mepụtara mmasị na ịre onye ahụ furu efu n'ime ịgba ohu kama. Ka usoro a gara n'ihu, e boro ebubo na ndị ụkọchukwu nke Ibini Ukpabi na-emehie ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ikwu okwu iji nweta ndị a ga-ere ka ha bụrụ ohu. Ọtụtụ narị mmadụ gara ibini ukpabi na ọtụtụ ndị alaghachighị; obodo ha na-echekarị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ eripịala onye ọ bụla gara leta ya.
Oge mkponisi
Ka mkponisi Britain bidoro imegide alaeze ndị dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Niger, ụlọ nsọ ahụ wetara obodo ndị a ka ọ bụrụ ihe nnọchite ikpe ikpe maka ndị bi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Niger. N'ihi nnukwu mmetụta nke nnukwu arùsi, ndị nlekọta ụlọ nsọ na ndị nọ n'okpuru òtù arùsi kwagara ka ha gaa n'ebe ndịda Niger ma biri.
Ndị Briten bibire ogologo oge arùsi ka ha na-achọ ịbọ ọbọ maka igbu egbugbu nke ọtụtụ ndị ọchịchị mere ka ha kpebie ịlụ agha na nnukwu arùsi na netwọk ọ kwadoro n'ógbè ahụ. Ogologo oge ochie nke nnukwu arùsi ahu, ụzọ ohu na ihe ndị ọzọ nke oge ahia ohu aghọwo ebe nleta nleta dị mkpa na Abia State, Nigeria n'ihi ihe ha na-anọchite anya akụkọ akụkọ Nigeria.
Oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị
Ka Alaeze Ukwu Britain malitere ịgbasa n'ebe alaeze ndị gbara Osimiri Niger gburugburu, ụlọ nsọ ahụ kpọkọtara obodo ndị a ọnụ ka ọ ghọrọ ihe dị ka ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu maka ndị bi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ test test test Niger.
Asusu Southern Oromo
Southern Oromo, maọbụ Afaan Oromoo (site na otu n'ime asusu olumba ya), bụ ụdị asụsụ Oromo dị iche iche nke ndị Borana na-asụ na ndịda Etiopia na n'ebe ugwu Kenya. Günther Schlee kwukwara na ọ bụ asụsụ ala nke ọtụtụ ndị yiri ya, dị ka Sakuye.
Asụsụ ndị a bụ Borana n'onwe ya (Boran, Borena), ikekwe Arsi (Arussi, Arusi) na Guji (Gujji, Jemjem) na Etiopia ya na na Kenya, Karayu, Salale (Selale), Gabra (Gabbra, Gebra) na ikekwe Orma na Waata.
Asụsụ a bụ n'ógbè ma bụrụ nke a maara dị ka Afaan Oromoo("Asụsụ Oromo").
Tolani Baj
Tolani Shobajo, bụ onye (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1993), onye a maara nke ọma dị ka Tolani Baj, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na telivishọn nke Naijiria, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye mgbasa ozi na onye ọchụnta ego. Ọ bụ onye bi n'ụlọ na Big Brother Naija oge ise
Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Shobajo si Ikorodu, Naịjirịa. A mụrụ ya na 20 Ọktoba 1993 na Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Ọrụ
Na Disemba 2018, Tolani laghachiri Naijiria mgbe afọ itoolu gachara na Chicago, iji chụsoo ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ Naijiria. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Pulse TV, Aristokrat Records, Universal Music Group Nigeria na tooXclusive dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ndepụta egwu n'oge ọ nọrọ na US, ma na-agba Vlog na Youtube. N'afọ 2020, ọ gara nyocha ma sonye na Big Brother Naija (oge 5).
Tolani banyere n'ụlọ Big Brother Naija na 19 Julaị 2020 maka oge 5 nke ihe ngosi TV. A chụpụrụ ya na 30 Ọgọstụ 2020 n'akụkụ BrightO na Wathoni, mgbe ọ nọrọ ụbọchị 42 na ihe ngosi ahụ. N'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ ahụ, ya na Erica, Kiddwaya, na Prince nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya.
Ndụ onwe onye
Tolani Baj bụ onye mgbasa ozi na-ese okwu nke na-akpali mmeghachi omume na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta mgbe ụfọdụ, n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Tolani na-ekwu na ọ dịghị ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ma ọ bụ na-adọta mmasị banyere nwoke ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ. Ọ na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ka nwoke megheere nwanyị ọnụ ụzọ n'ebughị ụzọ kwe ka ọ gafee.
Na Julaị 13, 2021, Tolanibaj, na onye na-eme ihe ọchị na Instagram, Nasty Blaq, kpalitere asịrị mmekọrịta na-esote akụkọ Instagram nke onye na-ese ihe ọchị ahụ.
Ndemsibia
<references group="" responsive="1"> Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Derek Fordjour
E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ébé gụnyere Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, Nasher Museum of Art na Whitney Museum of Contemporary Art. Ọ natara ọrụ màkà ọrụ ọha na eze gụnyere ntinye na-adịgide adịgide màkà Metropolitan Transit Authority nke New York City na 145th Street Subway Station na The Whitney Museum Billboard Project. E nyèrè ya 2016 Sugarhill Museum Artist-in-Residence, 2017 Sharpe Walentas Studio Program na New York City, ma kpọọ ya 2018 Deutsche Bank NYFA Fellowship Award. N'afọ 2021, ónyé na-ese ihe nwéré ihe ngosi onwé ya na Pond Society na Shanghai. Ihe osise ya n'ebe ahụ lere anya na gamification nke usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na adịghị ike. N'ihe osise ndị a na-adịbeghị anya, Fordjour tinyere ọkwa nke Financial Times. N'iji akwụkwọ ahụ mee ihe n'ọrụ ya, Fordjour kọwara na Ocula Magazine: 'The Financial Times na-eme mgbalị iji mee ka onwe ya dị iche na ọdọ mmiri nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ nwere ụcha ya pụrụ iche. Echiche nke ịkpa iche iche bụ ọchịchọ ịmata onwe gị n'ihu ịbụ ónyé a na-ejikarị eme ihe ma ọ bụ na-agbakọta ọnụ nwere esemokwu nke m na-akọwa.
N'oge na-adịbeghị ányá, a họpụtara ya dịka Ónyé isi oche Alex Katz na Cooper Union ma na-eje ozi dị ka Ónyé isi nkatọ na Yale University School of Art. Ọrụ ya pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta ọha na eze na nke onwe na United States na mba ofesi, gụnyere The Studio Museum of Harlem, Brooklyn Museum, Perez Museum, Dallas Museum of Art, The Whitney Museum na LACMA.
Fordjour bụ ónyé otu Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. Alpha Phi Alpha nyéré ya ọrụ ịmepụta ihe osise akpọrọ An Experiment in Brotherhood iji cheta ntọala nke fraternity.
Desiree Ellis
Desiree Ellis (amụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 1963) bụ onye njikwa bọọlụ South Africa na onye n'agbabu egwuregwu bọọlụ. Ọ na-azụ ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị South Africa ugbu a. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Banyana Banyana na onye isi nke abụọ nke otu mba ahụ. E nyere ya Confederation of African Football Women's Coach of the Year n'afọ 2018 mgbe ndị otu ya gbara ndị nke abụọ na African Women Cup of Nations ma ruo n'isi ịma aka mmeri nke mbụ ha na Women's World Cup. N'oge ọrụ klọb ya, ọ gbara bọọlụ dị ka onye egwuregwu n'anọ n'etiti maka Spurs Ladies n'etiti ndị otu ndị ọzọ.
Mmalite ndụ
Ellis tolitere na Salt River n'afọ ndị 1970. Nọrọ n'ụlọ nne nne ya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dịka nne na nna ya, nna ya Ernest, (nwụrụ, 1989) na nne Natalie na-arụ ọrụ n'ubochi. Enweghị klọb ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ahụ ma ya na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanne ya na-agba bọọlụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ tụfuru akpa ụlọ akwụkwọ ya, gbanwee uwe ya ma gbaga n'èzí gakwuru ndị otu ya na-eche. Nna ya na-eyi egwu iziga ya ụlọ akwụkwọ n'eyighi akpụkpọukwu n'ihi na ọ mebiela ọtụtụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya site na ọgbugba egwuregwu bọọlụ.
N'èzí bọọlụ
Ọ rụkwara ọtụtụ ọrụ nchịkwa n'oge ọrụ egwuregwu ya. Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Western Province Women's Football Association site n'afọ 1994 ruo afọ 1995 ma mesịa bụrụ PRO nke otu ahụ site na 1996 ruo 1997. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka Chief Librarian na ụlọ ọrụ foto, Touchline n'afọ 2001.
Ọrụ mba ụwa
Ellis gara maka ule maka ndị otu mba ahụ ma gafee ma gosipụta na egwuregwu mba ụwa mbụ nke otu ahụ. Ọ gbara bọọlụ megide Swaziland mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ, na abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa Mee afọ 1993 na-mmeri ọkpụ iri na anọ na asataghị ma otu. Ellis nyere goolu pụrụ iche ma tinyere nke ndị egwuregwu abụọ ndị ọzọ. N'oge asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke afọ 1995, South Africa meriri Zimbabwe, Zambia na Angola na nchịkọta, ọkpụ goolu iri asatọ otu, ọkpụ goolu iri na otu asatara ise na ọkpụ goolu isii asatara anọ mana Naịjirịa meriri ha site n'ọkpụ goolu iri na otu asatara abụọ. Mgbe South Afrịka kwadoro 2000 African Women's Championship, ọ bụ onye isi ndị otu ahụ ruo onye nke abụọ. N'afọ 2000, a họpụtara Ellis tinyere Mercy Akide na Florence Omagbemi maka African Woman Footballer of the Year. E nyere Ellis nkwanye ùgwù maka ọrụ ya na bọọlụ n'otu afọ ahụ mgbe ọ natara Silver Presidential Sports Award. O duru ndị otu ahụ gaa mmeri Cosafa Cup n'afọ 2002. N'ime egwuregwu iri atọ na abụọ ọ gbara na South Africa, o meriri egwuregwu iri abụọ na atọ, merie naanị asaa ma gbaa abụọ. Ọ lara ezumike nká na Eprel 2002 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na asatọ.
Ọrụ ezumike nká
A pụrụ ịhụ Ellis na TV dị ka onye na-akọwa bọl na onye na-ahụ maka telivishọn egwuregwu nke mpaghara e-TV. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya maka 2010 FIFA World Cup. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Gallo Images dị ka onye ndoziharị foto.
Ọrụ nkuzi bọọlụ
A họpụtara Ellis ka ọ bụrụ onye njikwa oge nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị South Africa n'afọ 2016 mgbe Vera Pauw gbara arụkwaghịm mgbe ndị otu ahụ si n'otu egwuregwu ahụ pụta na 2016 Olympics. A họpụtara Ellis ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa na n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2018 ma zụọ ndị otu ahụ, mgbe ahụ ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke iri ise na ngụkọ ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ nke mba ụwa,ma ruo n'ọkwa nke abụọ na Africa Women Cup of Nations, ma ndị mmeri merielanụ ugboro iri na otu bụ Nigeria meriri ha na mgbapụ  penariti n'oge ikpeazụ ịma Onye mmeri; n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, site n'ịpụta dị ndị nke abụ, South Africa meritere imaaka ịmara ndị mmeri na FIFA Women's World Cup nke mbụ ya na 2019. E nyere ya Confederation of African Football Women's Coach of the Year n'afọ 2018.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Umunwanyi ndị n'agba egwuregwu bọọlụ Òtù:Umu nwanyi South Africa n'egwuregwu
Cabbage
thumb|Cabbage
Cabbage, nke nwere ọtụtụ ụdị Brassica oleracea, bụ osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ọbara ọbara (anụnụ anụnụ), ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha nke a na-azulite dị ka akwụkwọ nri kwa afọ maka isi akwụkwọ ya. Ọ sitere na cabbage ọhịa (B. oleracea var. oleraceae), ma bụrụkwa nke "ihe ọkụkụ" ma ọ bụ brassicas, nke pụtara na ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na broccoli na cauliflower (var. botrytis); Brussels sprouts (var. gemmifera); na Savoy cabbage (var. sabauda).
Cabbage na-adịkarị n'agbata gram narị ise na otu puku gram (1 - 2 lb). Cabages na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke siri ike bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, na-acha odo odo na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha uhie uhie nke na-acha ụcha abụọ ahụ na-adị ụkọ. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ogologo ụbọchị anwụ na-achasi ike, dị ka ndị a na-ahụ na latitudes dị elu n'ebe ugwu n'oge ọkọchị, cabbages nwere ike itolite nke ukwuu. n'afọ 2012, cabbage kachasị arọ bụ 62.71kilogram (138 lb 4oz). A na-ahọrọ isi cabbage n'oge afọ mbụ nke ndụ nke osisi ahụ, mana a na-ekwe ka osisi ndị e bu n'obi maka mkpụrụ osisi too n'afọ nke abụọ ma a ghaghị ichebe ha na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ iji gbochie cross-pollination. Cabbage nwere ọtụtụ ụkọ ihe oriri, yana ọtụtụ ihe na-egbu egbu, na ọrịa nje na fungal.
O yikarịrị ka a na-azụlite cabbage n'ebe ọ bụla na Europe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie tupu 1000 BC. E dekọrọ cabbage na nri kemgbe oge ochie. A kọwara ya dị ka ihe okomoko tebụl n'Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Ka ọ na-erule oge etiti, cabbage aghọwo akụkụ a ma ama nke nri Europe, dị ka ihe ngosi nke ihe odide gosipụtara. E webatara ụdị ọhụrụ site na Renaissance gaa n'ihu, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-asụ German. E mepụtara cabbage Savoy na narị afọ nke iri na isii. Ka ọ na-erule senchiri nke iri na asaa na nke iri na asatọ, cabbage a na-ewu ewu dị ka nri dị mkpa n'etiti, n'ebe ugwu, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Europe jikwa ya mee ihe iji gbochie scurvy n'oge ogologo njem ụgbọ mmiri n'oké osimiri. Malite n'oge mmalite nke oge a, a na-ebupụ cabbage na Amerịka, Eshia, na gburugburu ụwa.
Enwere ike ịkwadebe ha n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche maka iri nri; enwere ike ịta ha, ịgba ha ọkụ (maka nri dịka sauerkraut), sie ha, sie ha, siri ha, sie ya, sie ya ụtọ, sie ya ọkụ, sie ya ike, sie ya n'ọkụ, ma ọ bụ rie ya na-esighị ike. Cabbage a na-esighi esi bu nke juputara na vitamin K, vitamin C, na eriri nri. Mmepụta ụwa nke cabbage na brassicas ndị ọzọ n'afọ 2020 bụ nde tọn ịrị asaa na otu, nke China duziri na pasent ịrị anọ na asatọ nke ngụkọta.
Nchịkọta
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chou_1.jpg/220px-Chou_1.jpg|thumb|Cabbage Cabbage (Brassica oleracea ma ọ bụ B. oleracea var. capitata, var. tuba, var. sabauda ma ọ bụ var. acephala) bụ onye otu Brassica na ezinụlọ mustard, Brassicaceae. Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ na-acha uhie uhie (nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ cole crops) bụ ụdị nke B. oleracea, gụnyere broccoli, collard greens, brussels sprouts, kohlrabi na broccoli na-eto eto. Ihe ndị a niile sitere na cabbage ọhịa B. oleracea var. oleraceae, nke a na-akpọkwa colewort ma ọ bụ cabbage ubi. Ụdị mbụ a gbanwere n'ime ọtụtụ puku afọ n'ime ndị a na-ahụ taa, dịka nhọrọ mere ka ụdị nwee njirimara dị iche iche, dị ka nnukwu isi maka cabbage, nnukwu akwụkwọ maka kale na nnukwu ogwe osisi nwere okooko osisi maka broccoli.
A na-esite n'okwu Latin maka "inwe isi" nweta aha a na-akpọ capitata.
Aha ezinụlọ mbụ nke brassicas bụ Cruciferae, nke sitere na ụdị okooko osisi nke ndị Europe oge ochie chere na ọ dị ka obe. Okwu brassica sitere na bresic, okwu Celtic maka cabbage. Ọtụtụ aha ndị Europe na ndị Eshia maka cabbage sitere na Celto-Slavic root cap ma ọ bụ kap, nke pụtara "isi". Okwu Middle English nke oge ochie bụ cabbage sitere na okwu caboche ("isi"), site na olumba Picard nke Old French. Nke a n'aka nke ya bụ ụdị nke Old French caboce. Kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, a na-eji "cabbage" na ihe ndị sitere na ya mee ihe dị ka slang maka ọtụtụ ihe, ọrụ na ọrụ. A kọwaala ego na ụtaba site na slang "cabbage", ebe "cabbage-head" pụtara onye nzuzu ebe "cabbaged" pụtara ike ọgwụgwụ ma ọ bụ, n'ụzọ mkparị, n'ọnọdụ ahịhịa.
Nkọwa
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brassica_oleracea_Helgoland1.jpg/170px-Brassica_oleracea_Helgoland1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mkpụrụ osisi cabbage, nke na-apụta n'afọ nke abụọ nke uto osisi ahụ, na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ odo odo, nke ọ bụla nwere petals anọ a haziri n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ. Mkpụrụ osisi cabbage nwere mgbọrọgwụ dị nro na cordate (obi-dị ka) cotyledons. Akwụkwọ mbụ a na-emepụta bụ ovate (dị ka àkwá) na petiole lobed. Osisi dị 40 cm (16 - 24 in) n'ogologo n'afọ mbụ ha ha -eto eto, na 1.5 - 2.0 m (4ft 11in - 6ft 7in) n'ogologo mgbe ha na-agbasa okooko n'afọ nke abụọ. Isi dị n'etiti 0.5 na 4 kilogram (1 na 8 lb), na-eto ngwa ngwa, ụdị na-eto n'oge na-emepụta obere isi. Ọtụtụ cabbages nwere akwụkwọ dị arọ, na-agbanwe agbanwe, na akụkụ nke sitere na wavy ma ọ bụ lobed ruo na dissected; ụfọdụ ụdị nwere okooko osisi waxy na akwụkwọ. Osisi nwere usoro mgbọrọgwụ nke na-adịghị omimi na nke na-enweghị isi. Ihe dị ka pasent itoolu nke mgbọrọgwụ dị n'elu ala 20 - 30 cm (8 - 12 in); ụfọdụ mgbọrọgwụ ndị dị n'akụkụ nwere ike ịbanye ruo 2 m (6ft 7in) omimi.
Inflorescence bụ raceme na-enweghị alaka nke a na-amaghị ama nke na-atụle 50 - 100 cm (20 - 40 in) ogologo, na okooko osisi ndị na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ ọcha. Okooko osisi ọ bụla nwere petals anọ setịpụrụ n'usoro kwụ ọtọ, yana sepals anọ, stamens isii, na ovary dị elu nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ abụọ ma nwee otu stigma na ụdị. Abụọ n'ime mkpụrụ osisi isii ahụ nwere eriri dị mkpirikpi. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ silique nke na-emeghe mgbe ọ tozuru site na dehiscence iji kpughee mkpụrụ na-acha nchara nchara ma ọ bụ oji nke dị obere ma gbaa gburugburu. Mkpụrụ osisi n'onwe ya agaghị ekwe omume, ụmụ ahụhụ na-agwakọta osisi. Akwụkwọ mbụ na-emepụta ọdịdị rosette nke nwere akwụkwọ asaa ruo akwụkwọ ịrị na ise nke ọ bụla atụle 25 - 35 cm (10 - 14 in) site na 20 - 30 cm (8 - 12 in); mgbe nke a gasịrị, akwụkwọ ndị nwere pecioles dị mkpirikpi na-etolite ma na-emepụta isi site na akwụkwọ ndị na-abanye n'ime.
A na-ahụ ọtụtụ ọdịdị, ụcha na ọdịdị akwụkwọ n'ụdị dị iche iche a na-akụkọ. A na-ekewa ụdị akwụkwọ n'ozuzu ya n'etiti akwụkwọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, isi na-enweghị isi na isi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ebe ụcha na-agụnye ọcha na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndu na anụnụ anụnụ. A na-ahụ ọdịdị oblate, gburugburu na nke dị nkọ.
E nwere ọtụtụ ndebanye Guinness Book of World Records metụtara cabbage. Ndị a gụnyere cabbage kachasị arọ, nke ịdị arọ di 62.7 kg (138 oz), cabbage na-acha ọbara ọbara kachasị arọ nke di 31.6 kg (69 lb 11 oz), mpịakọta cabbage kachasị ogologo, na 19.54 m (64ft 1½in), efere nri cabbage kachasị ukwuu, na 2,960 kg (6,526 lb).
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọ bụ ezie na cabbage nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme sara mbara, ọ na-esiri ike ịchọpụta kpọmkwem mmalite ya n'ihi ọtụtụ ụdị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ a na-akpọ "brassicas". Otu nna ochie nke cabbage, Brassica oleracea, nke a chọtara na Britain na kọntinent Europe, na-anabata nnu ma ọ bụghị mmegide nke osisi ndị ọzọ ma n'ihi ya na-ebi na nkume nkume n'ebe dị jụụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-ejigide mmiri na ihe oriri na akwụkwọ ya dị ntakịrị, turgid. Otú ọ dị, nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwekọrọ na mmalite anụ ọhịa nke ndị a, sitere na osisi ndị gbapụrụ n'ọhịa na ubi. Dika ọ dị na triangle of U theory nke evolushọn na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụdị Brassica, B. oleracea na akwụkwọ nri kale ndị ọzọ nwere njikọ chiri anya (cabbages, kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, na cauliflower) na-anọchite anya otu n'ime usoro nna nna atọ nke brassicas ndị ọzọ niile sitere na ya.
A malitere izụlite cabbage n'ụlọ mgbe e mesịrị n'akụkọ ihe mere eme karịa ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị nso n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dị ka lentils na ọka wit n'oge ọkọchị. N'ihi ihe ọkụkụ dịgasị iche iche sitere na ọhịa B. oleracea, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ kọbọd nwere ike ime na Europe dum. O yikarịrị ka cabbages na kale ndị na-enweghị isi bụ ndị mbụ a zụlitere, tupu afọ 1000 BC, ikekwe site n'aka ndị Celts nke etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Europe, ọ bụ ezie na ihe akaebe asụsụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eme n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-eme ka mmalite Mediterenian nke brassicas a zụlite.
Ọ bụ ezie na brassicas a na-amaghị aha ha bụ akụkụ nke ogige ndị Mesopotamian na-agbanwe agbanwe, e nwere nkwenye na ndị Ijipt oge ochie anaghị akọ cabbage, nke na-adịghi na ndagwurugwu Naịl, ọ bụ ezie na a kọwara okwu shaw't na Papyrus Harris nke oge Ramesses nke Atọ dị ka "caw". Ndị Gris oge ochie nwere ụdị ụfọdụ nke chou, dị ka Theophrastus kwuru, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ma ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na chou nke taa ma ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ọkụkụ Brassica ndị ọzọ. Ndị Gris maara ụdị cabbage nwere isi dị ka krambe na ndị Rom dị ka brassica ma ọ bụ olus; a maara ụdị cabley na-emeghe, nke nwere akwụkwọ (kale) na Grik dị ka raphanos na Latin dị ka caulis. Ndị Ptolemaic Ijipt maara ihe ọkụkụ cole dị ka ahịhịa, n'okpuru mmetụta nke Greek krambe, nke bụ osisi a maara nke ọma na ndị Masedonia nke Ptolemies. Ka ọ na-erule oge ndị Rom, ndị omenkà na ụmụaka ndị Ijipt na-eri cabbage na turnips n'etiti ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nri na pulses ndị ọzọ.
Na ngwụcha nke Antiquity, a kpọtụrụ cabbage aha na De observatione ciborum ("On the Observance of Foods") site n'aka Anthimus, onye dọkịta Gris n'ụlọ ikpe nke Theodoric Onye Ukwu. Cabbage pụtara n'etiti akwụkwọ nri a na-akụ na Capitulare de villis, nke e dere n'agbata afọ 771−800 AD, nke duziri ọchịchị nke ala eze Charlemagne.
Na Britain, ndị Anglo-Saxon na-akụ cawel. Mgbe cabbages nwere isi gburugburu pụtara na senchiri nke iri na anọ na England, a na-akpọ ha cabaches na caboches, okwu ndị sitere na asụsụ French ochie ma tinye ya na mbụ iji rutu aka na bọl nke akwụkwọ ndị a na-emegheghị, usoro nri nke oge a nke na-amalite "Were cabbages na nkeji iri na ise, ma tinye ha n'ime ezigbo broth", na-atụkwa aro cabbage nwere isi siri ike. link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tacuinum_Sanitatis-cabbage_harvest.jpg/220px-Tacuinum_Sanitatis-cabbage_harvest.jpg|thumb|Owuwe ihe ubi, Tacuinum Sanitatis, senchiri nke irí na ise. Ihe odide na-egosi ịdị mkpa nke cabbage na nri nke High Middle Ages, na mkpụrụ cabbage so na ndepụta mkpụrụ nke ịzụta maka iji Eze John nke Abụọ nke France mee ihe mgbe a dọọrọ ya n'agha n'England na 1360, mana cabbages bụkwa ihe a ma ama nke ndị ogbenye: n'afọ 1420 "Bourgeois nke Paris" kwuru na "ndị ogbenye anaghị eri achịcha, ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ turnips na efere dị otú ahụ, na-enweghị achịcha ma ọ bụ nnu ọ bụla". Onye France na-ahụ maka ihe okike Jean Ruel mere ihe a na-ewere dị ka nke mbụ a kpọtụrụ isi cabbage aha n'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1536 De Natura Stirpium, na-arutu aka na ya dị ka capucos coles ("isi-coles").
Na Istanbul, Sultan Selim nke Atọ dere abụ na-achị ọchị maka cabbage: na-enweghị cabbage, oriri halva ezughị ezu. Na India, cabbage bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ akwụkwọ nri nke ndị na-azụ ahịa si Portugal, bụ ndị guzobere ụzọ azụmaahịa site na senchiri nke irí na anọ ruo senchiri nke irí na asaa. Carl Peter Thunberg kọrọ na amabeghị chou na Japan na 1775.
E webatara ọtụtụ ụdị cabbage nke gụnyere ụfọdụ ka na-eto eto na Germany, France, nakwa Low Countries. N'ime narị afọ nke iri na isii, ndị na-elekọta ubi na Germany mepụtara cabbage savoy. N'ime narị afọ nke iri na asaa na nke iri na asatọ, cabbage bụ ihe oriri na mba ndị dị ka Germany, England, Ireland na Russia, a na-erikwa cabbage pickled ugboro ugboro. Ndị Dutch, Scandinavia na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri German jiri Sauerkraut mee ihe iji gbochie scurvy n'oge ogologo njem ụgbọ mmiri.
Jacques Cartier bu ụzọ weta cabbage na Amerịka n'afọ 1541, ma eleghị anya ọ bụ ndị England na-achị ala mbụ kụrụ ya, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe edere ede banyere ịdị adị ya ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na asaa. Ka ọ na-erule na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, ndị na-achị ala na ndị American Indian na-akụkarị ya. Mkpụrụ cabbage gara Australia na 1788 na First Fleet, a kụrụ ya n'otu afọ ahụ na Norfolk Island. Ọ ghọrọ akwụkwọ nri kachasị amasị ndị Australia site n'afọ ndị 1830s ma na-ahụkarị na Sydney Markets. Ahịa ọdịnala na nke ochie, n'okporo ámá, nke na-emeghe: Zelný trh (ahịa Cabbage) na Brno, Moravia, Czech Republic ka a na-akpọ naanị cabbage kemgbe afọ 1325 (afọ narị asaa).
Ịkọ ugbo
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Dojranski_zelki.jpg/220px-Dojranski_zelki.jpg|thumb|Ubi cabbage A na-akụkarị cabbage maka isi ya nwere akwụkwọ ndụ, nke a na-emepụta n'afọ mbụ nke okirikiri ya. Osisi na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe a na-etolite ya n'ala na-adọba mmiri nke ọma n'ebe anwụ na-achasi ike. Ụdị dị iche iche na-ahọrọ ụdị ala dị iche iche, site na ájá dị mfe ruo ụrọ dị arọ, mana ha niile na-ahụrụ ala na-eme nri nke pH dị n'etiti 6.0 na 6.8. Maka uto kachasị mma, a ga-enwerịrị ogo nitrogen zuru oke n'ime ala, ọkachasị n'oge mmalite nke isi, na phosphorus na potassium zuru oke n"oge mmalite nke mgbasa nke akwụkwọ mpụga.
Ọnọdụ ntụoyi dị n'etiti 4 na 24 °C (39 na 75°F) na-akpali uto kachasị mma, na ogologo oge nke okpomọkụ dị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala nwere ike ịkpata nkwụsịtụ (flowing). Okooko osisi nke oge okpomọkụ dị ala na-akpata (usoro a na-akpọ vernalization) na-eme naanị ma ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ agafeela oge nwata. Mgbanwe site na nwata gaa nke okenye na-eme mgbe obosara ogwe osisi dị ihe dị ka  6mm (1⁄4 in). Vernalization na-enye ohere ka osisi ahụ too ruo n'ókè zuru oke tupu ọ gbasaa. N'ọnọdụ ihu igwe ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịkụ cabbage na mmalite oge oyi ma dịrị ndụ ruo mgbe oge okpomọkụ ga-emecha n'ebughị ya okooko osisi, omume a na-emekarị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ US. link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cabbages_Green_and_Purple_2120px.jpg/170px-Cabbages_Green_and_Purple_2120px.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cabbages na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke na-acha odo odo A na-amalite osisi n'ebe echedoro na mbido oge uto tupu a kụọ ha n'èzí, ọ bụ ezie na a na-akụ ụfọdụ n'ime ala ebe a ga-ewepụta ha. Mkpụrụ osisi na-apụta n'ihe dị ka ụbọchị anọ ruo ụbọchị isii site na mkpụrụ osisi a kụrụ 13 mm (1⁄2 in) miri na okpomọkụ ala n'etiti 20 - 30 °C (68 na 86 ). Ndị na-akọ cabbage na-etinye ndịịche dị n'etiti 30 ruo 61 cm (12 ruo 24 in) n'etiti osisi cabbage ọ bụla. Ogologo oge dị nso na-ebelata ihe onwunwe dị na osisi ọ bụla (karịsịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ìhè) ma na-amụba oge ọ na-ewe iji ruo ntozu okè.
E mepụtara ụdị ụfọdụ nke cabbage maka iji ya mee ihe ịchọ mma; a na-akpọkarị ha "cableflowering". Ha anaghị emepụta isi ma nwee akwụkwọ mpụga na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gbara obere akwụkwọ dị n'ime na-acha ọcha, na-acha ọbara ọbara, ma ọ bụ na-acha pinki. Ụdị cabbage mbụ na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị ịrị asaa site na ọkụkọ ya ruo ntozu okè, ebe ụdị cabbage na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị otú narị na iri abụo.
Mgbe a na-akụ ya maka mkpụrụ, a ga-ekewapụ cabbages site na ụdị B. oleracea ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ụdị ọhịa, site na 0.8 ruo 1.6 km (½ to 1 mi ) iji gbochie mmetụta nke ụdị abụọ dị iche. Ụdị Brassica ndị ọzọ, dị ka B. rapa, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. napus na Raphanus sativus, anaghị agafe ngwa ngwa.
Osisi ndị a na-akụ
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cabbage.jpg/220px-Cabbage.jpg|thumb|Cabbage ọcha E nwere ọtụtụ ụdịdị cabbage, nke ọ bụla gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị:
Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ odide na-akọwa naanị ụdị atọ: savoy, nke na-acha uhie uhie, nke na-acha ọcha na nke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Nke a na-abanye n'okpuru nke ikpeazụ.
Nsogbu ịkọ ugbo
N'ihi ọkwa dị elu nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, cabbage nwere nsogbu na-edochi ahụ, gụnyere boron, calcium, phosphorus na potassium. E nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike nke nwere ike imetụta ọdịdị nke cabbage mgbe owuwe ihe ubi gasịrị. Ọkụ dị n'ime na-eme mgbe akụkụ nke akwụkwọ dị n'etiti na-acha nchara nchara, mana akwụkwọ ndị dị n'èzí na-ele anya dị ka ihe dị mma. Necrotic spot bụ ebe e nwere oghere oghere dị n'ime ala nke dị milimita ole na ole gafee nke a na-agbakọta gburugburu etiti. Na ntụpọ ose, obere ntụpọ ojii na-apụta n'ebe dị n'etiti akwara, nke nwere ike ịbawanye n'oge nchekwa.
Ọrịa fungus gụnyere wirestem, nke na-akpata transplantation na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ na-anwụ anwụ; <i id="mwAj4">Fusarium</i> yellows, nke na na-akpatara osisi ndị nwere akwụkwọ odo odo na ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ; na blackleg (lee Leptosphaeria maculans), nke na-eduga n'ebe ndị na-ada n'osisi na akwụkwọ ndị na-acha nchara nchara. Fungi Alternaria brassicae na A. brassicicola na-akpata ntụpọ akwụkwọ ojii na osisi ndị metụtara. Ha na-ebute mkpụrụ na ikuku, ma na-agbasa site na spores na ihe mkpofu osisi na-arịa ọrịa nke a na-ahapu n'elu ala ruo izu iri na abụọ mgbe owuwe ihe ubi gasịrị. Rhizoctonia solani na-akpata ọrịa wirestem, na-akpatara ụmụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ ("damping-off"), mgbọrọgwụ ire ure ma ọ bụ uto na-adịghị mma na obere isi. link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Groene_savooiekool_schade_van_kooluil_%28Mamestra_brassicae_damage%29.jpg/220px-Groene_savooiekool_schade_van_kooluil_%28Mamestra_brassicae_damage%29.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mgbukpọ ụgbala na-emebi cabbage Otu n'ime ọrịa nje bacteria kachasị emetụta cabbage bụ ntụpọ ojii (black rot), nke Xanthomonas campestris kpatara, nke na-akpata mmerụ ahụ chlorotic na necrotic nke na-amalite na mpụga akwụkwọ, na ịta nke osisi. Clubroot, nke ihe dị n'ala na-adị ka Plasmodiophora brassicae, na-akpata mgbọrọgwụ na-afụli elu, nke yiri klọb. Downy mildew, ọrịa parasitic nke oomycete Peronospora parasitica kpatara, na-emepụta akwụkwọ na-acha ọcha, na-acha nchara nchara ma ọ bụ olive mildew na ala akwụkwọ ya; a na-ejikarị ya na ọrịa fungal powdery mildew.
Ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na-agụnye nematodes na ụgbala cabbage, nke na-emepụta osisi ndị na-acha odo odo na ndị na-adịghị mma; aphids, nke na'akpali osisi ndị na'acha odo odo; harlequin cabbage bugs, nke na na-akpata akwụkwọ ọcha na odo; thrips, nke na - na-eduga na akwụkwọ nwere ntụpọ na-acha ọcha; flea beetles, nke na obere oghere na-eme ka akwụkwọ nwee nnukwu oghere dị n'ime akwụkwọ. Ọnọdụ caterpillar nke "obere urukurubụba na-acha ọcha" (Pieris rapae), nke a maara na United States dị ka "ogwu cabbage si mba ọzọ", bụ nnukwu ihe na-egbu egbu na ọtụtụ mba.
Nnukwu urukurubụba na-acha ọcha (Pieris brassicae) jupụtara na mba ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe. Mkpụrụ osisi diamondback (Plutella xylostella) na ụgbala cabbage (Mamestra brassicae) na-eto eto na okpomọkụ dị elu nke kọntinent Europe, ebe ha na-emebi ihe ọkụkụ cabbage. Cable looper (Trichoplusia ni) bụ ihe a ma ama na North America maka agụụ ya na maka ịmepụta frass nke na-emetọ osisi. Na India, nla diamondback emeela ka ihe ruru pasent ịrị itoolu funahụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-agwọghị ọgwụ ahụhụ. Ụmụ ahụhụ ndị na-ebibi ala gụnyere mgbọrọgwụ cabbage (Delia radicum) na ụgbala cabbage (Hylemya brassicae), nke igurube ya nwere ike igwu ala n'ime akụkụ nke osisi ndị mmadụ riri.
Ịkụ osisi n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ so n'ezinụlọ cabbage, ma ọ bụ ebe etinyere osisi ndị a n'afọ ndị gara aga, nwere ike ịkpali mgbasa nke nje na ọrịa. Mmiri gabigara ókè na okpomọkụ gabigara oke nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ọrụ ugbo.
Ihe ndị na-enye aka belata ibu isi gụnyere: uto n'ala a na-ejikọta ọnụ nke sitere na ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ọrụ ugbo, ụkọ mmiri, mmiri, ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa, na onyinyo na nrụgide nri nke ahịhịa kpatara.
Mmepụta
N'afọ 2020, mmepụta ụwa nke cabbages (gwakọta ya na brassicas ndị ọzọ) bụ nde tọn ịrị asaa na otu, nke China duziri. Ha nwetara pasent ịrị anọ na asatọ nke ngụkọta ụwa (tebụl). Ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe bụ India, Russia, na South Korea.
Ahịa mpaghara na nchekwa
Cabbages a na-ere maka ahịa na-adịkarị obere, a na-ejikwa ụdị dị iche iche maka ndị a na-erekere ozugbo owuwe ihe ubi na ndị echekwara tupu ire ere. Ndị a na-eji eme ihe, ọkachasị sauerkraut, buru ibu ma nwee pasent dị ala nke mmiri. A na-eji ma aka na igwe na-ewe ihe ubi, a na-ejikarị aka na-ewepụta ihe maka cabbages maka ahịa ahịa. N'ọrụ azụmahịa, a na-edozi cabbages e ji aka mee, hazie, ma tinye ha kpọmkwem n'ọhịa iji mee ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma.
Mmiri na-eme ka akwụkwọ nri ahụ jụọ oyi ngwa ngwa, na-enye ohere maka mbupu mbu na ngwaahịa dị ọhụrụ. Enwere ike ichekwa cabbage ogologo oge na -1 ruo 2 °C (30 ruo 36°F) na iru mmiri nke pasent ịrị itoolu; ọnọdụ nchekwa ndị a ga-eme ka cabbage ruo ọnwa isii n'emebighi emebi. Mgbe echekwara ya n'ọnọdụ na-adịchaghị mma, cabbage ka nwere ike ịdịru ọnwa anọ.
Oriri
Nri cabbage dịgasị iche iche gburugburu ụwa: Russia nwere ihe kachasị elu kwa afọ na 20 kg (44 lb), Belgium sochiri ya n'inweta 4.7 kg (10 lb 6 oz). Netherlands nwetara 4.0 kg (8 lb 13 oz). Ndị America na-eri 3.9 kilogram (8.6 lb) kwa afọ maka onye ọ bụla.
Nkwadebe nri
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%E9%A3%9B%E9%A8%A8%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BD%E8%8F%9C_%2849180905102%29.jpg/220px-%E9%A3%9B%E9%A8%A8%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BD%E8%8F%9C_%2849180905102%29.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis A na-akwadebe ma na-eri cabbage n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche. Nhọrọ kachasị mfe gụnyere iri akwụkwọ nri na-esighi ya esi ma ọ bụ mgbe esiri ya n'ọkụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nri na-esi nri pickle, stew, sautée ma ọ bụ brayze cabbage. Pickling bụ ụzọ a na-ejikarị echekwa cabbage, na-emepụta efere dịka sauerkraut na kimchi, ọ bụ ezie na a na-emekarị kimchi site na cabbage Chinese (B. rapa subsp. pekinensis). A na-ejikarị cabbages Savoy eme ihe na salads, ebe a na-eji ụdị akwụkwọ dị nro eme ihe maka ahịa ahịa na nhazi. Bean curd na cabbage bụ ihe dị mkpa nke nri ndị China, ebe a na-eji poteto fọdụrụ na cabbage esi ma rie ya na anụ oyi.
Na Poland, kabeeji bụ otu n'ime nri ndị a na-akụkarị, ọ na-egosipụtakwa nke ọma na nri Polish. A na-eri ya ugboro ugboro, ma sie ya ma ọ bụ dị ka sauerkraut, dị ka efere n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe na-esi na efere ndị dị ka bigos (kabeeji, sauerkraut, anụ, na anụ anụ ọhịa, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ) gołąbki. Mba ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe, dị ka Hungary na Romania, nwekwara nri ọdịnala nke nwere cabbage dị ka isi ihe. Na India na Ethiopia, a na-etinye cabbage na salad na bray. Na United States, a na-eji cabbage eme ihe maka mmepụta nke coleslaw, na-esote iji ahịa na mmepụta sauerkraut. link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0_%282%29.jpg/220px-%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0_%282%29.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cabbage na moong-dal curry
Ụtọ nri
Ọ bụ glucosinolates, otu klas nke sulfur-containing glucosides, na-akpata ụtọ nke cabbage. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ ya n'ime osisi ahụ, ihe ndị a na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ kachasị elu na mkpụrụ; a na-achọta obere na anụ ahụ na-eto eto, ha na-ebelata ka anụ ahụ na na-aka nká. A na-akatọkarị cabbage e siri esi maka ísì na ụtọ ya na-esi ísì ụtọ. Ihe ndị a na-etolite mgbe a na-esi nri na cabbage ma na-emepụta gas hydrogen sulfide.
Ihe oriri na phytochemicals
Cable a na-esighi esi bụ 92% mmiri, 6% carbohydrates, 1% protein, ma nwee abụba na-enweghị atụ (tebụl). N'ime 100 gram, cabbage a na-esighi esi bụ ihe na-enye vitamin C na vitamin K, nke nwere pasent ịrị anọ na anọ na pasent ịrị asaa na abụọ, nke Daily Value (DV). Cabbage bụkwa isi iyi dị mma (10X19% DV) nke vitamin B6 na folate, na-enweghị ihe oriri ndị ọzọ nwere ihe dị mkpa maka 100-gram (tebụl).
Nnyocha bụ isi na phytochemicals cabbage na-aga n'ihu iji chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị na cabbage nwere ike imetụta ahụike ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ, dị ka sulforaphane na glucosinolates ndị ọzọ. Nnyocha banyere akwụkwọ nri cruciferous, gụnyere cabbage, gụnyere ma ha nwere ike belata ihe ize ndụ megide ọrịa kansa eriri afọ. Cabbage bụ isi iyi nke indole-3-carbinol, kemịkal n'okpuru nyocha bụ isi maka ihe ndị nwere ike ịdị na ya.
Ọgwụ
Na mgbakwunye na ebumnuche ya dị ka akwụkwọ nri a na-eri eri, a na-eji cabbage eme ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na herbalism. Ndị Gris oge ochie tụrụ aro iri akwụkwọ nri ahụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ahụ dị ọcha, ma jiri mmiri cabbage dị ka ihe ngwọta maka nsị anwụrụ, maka ihe nchebe anya, na maka ihe mkpuchi maka mmerụ ahụ. Onye Rom oge ochie, Pliny the Elder, kọwara ma nri na ọgwụ nke akwụkwọ nri. Ndị Ijipt oge ochie riri chow e siri esi na mbido nri iji belata mmetụta na-egbu egbu nke mmanya. Ojiji ọdịnala a nọgidere na akwụkwọ ndị Europe ruo n'etiti senchiri nke irí abụọ.
A na-eji ihe ndị na-eme ka akwụkwọ dị jụụ mee ihe na Britain dị ka ọgwụgwọ na Agha Ụwa Mbụ, yana dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ọnyá na ọnya ara. Ojiji ọgwụ ndị ọzọ edere na ọgwụ ọdịnala Europe gụnyere ọgwụgwọ maka rheumatism, mgbu akpịrị, hoarseness, colic, na melancholy. A na-eji ma cabbage mashed na mmiri cabbage mee ihe na ọgwụ iji wepụ ọzịza na ịgwọ warts, oyi ịba n'ahụ, appendicitis, na ọnyá.
Ọghọm
Iribiga cabage ókè nwere ike ibute mmụba nke gas eriri afọ nke na-akpata ọzịza na flatulence n'ihi trisaccharide raffinose, nke obere eriri afọ mmadụ enweghị ike ịgbari, mana nje bacteria na nnukwu eriri afọ na-agbari ya.
A na-ejikọta cabbage na ntiwapụ nke ọrịa ụfọdụ sitere na nri, gụnyere Listeria monocytogenes na Clostridium botulinum. A chọpụtala nsị nke ikpeazụ ahụ na ngwakọta coleslaw a na-eme tupu oge eruo, ebe a chọtara spores na cabbages dum nke dị mma n'ọdịdị. Ụdị Shigella nwere ike ịdị ndụ na cabbage e gburu egbu. Ntiwapụ abụọ nke E. coli na United States ejikọtara ya na iri chou. Nnyocha ihe ize ndụ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ kwubiri na enwere ike ịrịa ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-ejikọta ya na cabbage a na-esighị esi, n'ihi mmetọ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa nke usoro uto, owuwe ihe ubi na nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Ihe ndị na-emetọ mmiri, mmadụ, anụmanụ na ala nwere ike ibufe na cabbage, na site n'ebe ahụ gaa na onye na-eri ya.
Cabbage na akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ nwere obere thiocyanate, ihe jikọtara ya na mmepụta goiter mgbe iri iodine adịghị mma.
Edensibia
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Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Cabbage Òtù:Brassica oleracea Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations