cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kare language (Adamawa)
Ihe odide
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Önwa ishií 28
Önwa ishií 28 bu ubochi nke iri abuo na asato na onwa nke ana-kpo Juun. Na Gregorian calender, 28 Juun bu ubochi nke 179th (180th na afo nke ana-kpo leap year) na afo. Anyi nwere agugu ubochi 186 du mgbe afo na agwu.
Onye wuru
Òtù:Önwa ishií
A&W Restaurants
thumb A & W bụ nri ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa nke a na-ahọrọ site na karọt na ihe ndị dị egwu. A & W bụ ụlọ ọrụ mbụ maka mmụba ego: franchises malitere na California maka 1921. Ulo oru nke sitere n'aka nke ndi otu oru Roy W. Allen na Frank Wright. Nchịkọta maka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ a gụnyere, ma ọ bụghị naanị ha hamburger s, French na fries na nkịta na-ekpo ọkụ. Ebe iri nri nwere ọtụtụ ebe gburugburu ụwa na United States.
Kasabe language
Asụsụ Kasabe bụ asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke Cameroon, nke a na-asụbu gburugburu Mambila na mpaghara Nyalang. Okà okwu ikpeazụ, otu nwoke aha ya bụ Bogon nwụrụ na 5 Nọvemba 1995.
Ihe odide
<references group="" responsive="1">
Lalao Ravalomanana
Neny Lalao Rakotonirainy Ravalomanana (amụrụ n'afọ 1953) bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Madagascar. Mgbe di ya, Marc Ravalomanana, bụụrụ onye isi ala nke Madagascar site n'afo 2002 ruo afọ 2009, ọ bụ nwunye onye isi ala nke Madagascar.
Aha Ravalomanana n'aza mgbe amụrụ ya bụ Lalao Harivelo Rakotonirainy na Antananarivo. Ọ lụrụ Marc Ravalomanana n'afo1974 na emume e mere na Imerikasinina. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ anọ: Josoa, Tojo, Sarah, na Maika.
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, Lalao Ravalomanana weputara onwe ya ịzọ ọkwa onye isi ala na ntuli aka emere n'afọ 2013, ntuli aka nke enyere di ya iwu ya azọkwala ọkwa ọbụla. Egbochikwara Ravalomanana ịzọ ọkwa a maka na ọnọrubeghi ọnwa isii na Madagascar tupu oge ntuli aka eruo, kemgbe ya na di ya si mba South Africa, ebe ha gbara ọsọ ga zoo onwe ha lọta. Ravalomanana emezie ya ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọ na akwado onye dọkịnta bụrụkwa onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aha ya bu Jean Louis Robinson si na Antananarivo.
Site n'ọnwa Octoba afọ 2015 ruo Jenụwarị afọ 2020 Lalao Ravalomanana jere ozi dị ka onye isi obodo Antananarivo.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Redeemer's International Secondary School
The Redeemer's International Secondary School bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị onwe onye na-agụkọ akwụkwọ ọnụ nke dị na Maryland, Lagos, Nigeria. E hiwere ya n'afọ 1997. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Christ the Redeemer's School Movement (CRSM). Onye isi ugbu a bụ Mrs. Feyisara Osinupebi
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'afọ 2017, Redeemer's International Secondary School bụ otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ anọ meriri International School Award site na British Council Nigeria, ndị ọzọ bụ Hallel College na Port Harcourt, Oxbridge College na Lagos, na Start-rite Schools, Abuja A kwadoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ maka inwe nsonaazụ WASSCE kachasị mma na 2015/16.
Modern Arab Association
Modern Arab Association (Arabic) bụ ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Ijipt.
Hamdi Mustafa hiwere ya na 1960, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ntụnye na ngbanwe maka ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ Egypt, gụnyere usoro Silāḥ al-Tilmīdh (Ngwa ngwa nke ụmụ akwụkwo).
Na 1984 ọ malitere ibipụta ọtụtụ usoro akwụkwọ n'asụsụ Arabic n'okpuru aha Rewayat (Egypt Pocket Novels). Usoro usoro ahụ bụ ihe ewu ewu karịsịa "n'ime afọ 1980 na 1990". Modern Arab Association abụwo onye na-ebipụta ma na-ekesa Rewayat n'ụwa niile na-asụ Arabic.
Ndị edemede mbụ dere maka Modern Arab Association n'oge a bụ Nabil Farouk na Sharif Shawqi.
Usoro akwụkwọ
E bipụtara ihe karịrị usoro Iri anọ gụnyere:
Clarence Peters
thumb|Judith Amaechi Clarence Peters (onye amụrụ Clarence Abiodun Peters) bụ Nigerian music video director, onye mmepụta ihe nkiri fim na cinematographer. Ọ bụ ya guzobere ụlọ ọrụ  Capital Dream Pictures production company nke na ahụ maka performing arts fim nakwa ihe nkiri vidio. O guzobekwara ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ a kpọrọ Capital Hill Records, ụlọ na- ahụ maka ndi na-eti egwu bụ nke nwaada Chidinma, Tha Suspect na Illbliss so na ya. A họọrọ ya dika onye nke abụọ n'ime mmadụ iri aha ndi Channel O' wepụtara gbasara ndị daịrektọ nwere ọhụrụ banyere iti egwu nakwa imeputa vidio egwu ahụ. N'afọ 1998, o sonyere ma kwado vidio egwu nke Mobil bụ nke metụtara ọria AIDS. Ọ haziri ihe nkiri a kpọrọ Everyday people nwere nkeji iri anọ n' onyonyo. Peters ahiziela vidio egwu ndi na-eti egwu di iche iche ụfọdụ  gụnyere Darey, Durella, na Wizkid,. N'afọ 2012, o gosịri vidio egwu maka Shuga', nke Boneye ji P-Unit wee dokwara,Banky W., Wizkid and L-Tido. Peters egosipụtala ihe akụkọ mere eme dị iche iche dị utọ n'onyonyo, ihe ngosi maka azụmahịa, nkenke fim nakwa ihe ndị ọzọ N’April 2014, Absolut Vodka kwanyere ya ugwu maka nka ọrụ aka ya.
N'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2015, Peters kwupụtara ebumnuche ya maka ngosipụta ihe nkiri fim na-eyi egwu dị nkeji iri abụọ na ise akpọrọ Hex. E wepụtara nkeji nke izizi na mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa September n'afọ, 2015.
Obibi Ndụ na ọrụ ya
A mụrụ Peters n'ezinụlọ ndị ama ama  bụ Sir Shina Peters,oti egwu na Clarion Chukwura, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri egwuregwu n'onyonyo.. Ọ gụrụ praịmarị ya n' ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị BI, gụọ sekọndịrị na   Government College Ikorodu. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị sekọndrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ atọ n'ụlọ ọrụ  Alpha Visions. Ọ gụrụ na City Varsity, ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Cape Town South Afrika bụ na -akụzi maka ihe niile gbasara fim.. Ọ gụrụ ihe gbasara sinimatografi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ a. Mgbe ọ na-eto, Peters bụ onye ọgbaa bọọlụ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ etinyere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Daily Times of Nigeria webụsaịtị, Nne ya kwuru na ya chọrọ itepụ afọ ime ya  mana tụgharia uche maka na o kwenyere na Peters bụ Nna ya nwụrụ anwụ  lọọrọ ya ụwa mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. Mgbe o si South Africa laghachiri Naịjirịa, Peters sonyere ndị otu na-eme ihe nkiri fim wee guzobe ụlọ ọrụ  akpọrọ Alliance Film Company, nke eji  Allied Film Company mara. Peters rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ a otu afọ tupu o wee guzobe nke ya. Peters akpọwo Steven Spielberg, Hype Williams, DJ Tee, Akin Alabi, Wudi Awa, HG2films, Director dove Kemi Adetiba, Sesan, Aje, and AK 1 dika ndị ọ na eṅomi. <ref name="modernghana1"
Egwu Capita Hill
Mgbe Peters nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ zutere Tha Suspect, Ya na ya bụ enyi ma gụzobe otu Capital Hill bụ nke Peters guzobere na Nigeria mgeb osi South Africa lọta. Ya na Suspect kpebiri ịchọ nwata nwaanyi maara agụ egwu. E mechara Peters chọta Kel onye nke Terry tha Rapman gwara ya maka ya. Ya na Kel binye aka n'akwụkwọ irụkọ ọrụ. N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2010, Kel na Peters nwere nghọtahie, nke mere ka ọ kwụsị nkwekọrịta na nkwado ya. Kel jisiri ike wepụta album egwu izizi ya, The Investment,. N'ikpeazụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ bụ Goretti Company,rụkọrọ bụ nke Illbliss nwe.
Esemokwu
Na Jenụwarị afọ 2014,amara ya ikpe gbasara maka egwu nke Tiwa Savage's "Eminado o mere na vidio. O zuru at umatụ ngosi nke  "Asinamali" nke Tumi and the Volume weputara  iji kwanyere Seydou Keïta. Tumi  ugwu.  Seydou Keïta gara na twitter kwutọọ Peters .  Ọ gbara ndị enyi ya ka ha tinye ọnụ n'okwu ahụ. Onye nledo Savage, Tunji "Tee Billz" Balogun, tinyer ọnụ n'okwu ahụ . O kwuru na ha amaghi na vidio ahụ ṅuomi vidio onye ọzọ na ọ tụr u ha n'anya dika o si tụọ mmadụ niile. thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ
Ka egosipụtara vidio nke Ice Prince's "VIP ka ọnwa Jun di na mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu n'afọ 2013, eboro Peters ebubo ọzọ gbasara ṅuomi onye Slaughterhouse's "My Life"  n'ụdị ezighị ezi . Na Febuwarị afọ 2014, Ice Prince gbachitere  Peters wee kwuo na ọ bụ ya gwara ya echiche ndị otinyere na egwu ya. O kwukwara na ọ bụrụ na enwere onye  nwere nsogbu na ọnọdụ a, na onye ahụ taa ya ụta.
Onyinye na nhọpụta
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jean-Claude Roger Mbede
Jean-Claude Roger Mbede (nwụrụ na 10 Jenụwarị 2014) bụ nwoke Cameroon nke a mara ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ atọ maka ebubo nke ndina ụdị onwe na ịnwa ndina ụdị onwe. Ndị otu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'ụwa niile gụnyere Human Rights Watch na Amnesty International mere mkpesa banyere ikpe ya, nke ikpeazụ kpọrọ ya onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche.
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2011, ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke onye odeakwụkwọ nke steeti Cameroon (SED) jidere Mbede mgbe o zigara ozi SMS na-ahazi izute onye ọ maara nwoke. Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ UK The Guardian si kwuo, SED "na-elekwasị anya ma na-ekpe ndị ikom na-edina nwoke ibe ha ikpe" n'okpuru iwu ntaramahụhụ Nkebi 347a: "Onye ọ bụla na onye nwere mmekọahụ na onye nwoke na nwanyị ga-ata ahụhụ site na ọnwa isii ruo afọ ise na ịkwụ ụgwọ site na 20,000 CFA Francs ruo 200,000 CFA". E jidere Mbede otu izu na "ihe a na-enyo enyo na ọ bụ nwoke idina nwoke" na Yaoundé tupu ebubo ebubo "ị idina nwoke ma nwaa idina nwoke idina nwanyị" na 9 Machị.
Onye nnọchi anya Mbede bụ Alice Nkom, onye ọka iwu a ma ama na-ahụ maka ikike LGBT na onye isi nke Cameroon's Association to Defend Homosexuals.
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2011, a mara ya ikpe maka ebubo abụọ ahụ ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ atọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Kondengui Central. Human Rights Watch mere mkpesa banyere ikpe ya, bụ ndị kọwara ya dị ka "nnukwu mmebi nke ikike Mbede nwere nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ịha nhata" ma kpọọ gọọmentị Cameroon ka ha wepụ iwu ahụ dị mkpa.
Amnesty International weputara ịdọ aka ná ntị n'aha Mbede, na onye na-ekwuchitere ya na-ekwu, sị: "Ichebe mmadụ maka ezi omume mmekọahụ ha ma ọ bụ nke a na-eche na ọ bụ omume mmekọahụ bụ mmebi iwu siri ike ma ekwesighi ikwe ka ọ bụrụ n'okpuru iwu ntaramahụhụ nke mba ọ bụla". Onye nduzi Africa nke Amnesty International Erwin var der Borght kwuru, "Jean-Claude Mbede bụ onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche e jidere naanị n'ihi na ọ na-eche na ọ bụ mmekọahụ. A ga-ewepụ ebubo niile e boro ya ma hapụ ya ozugbo. Ọtụtụ alaka Amnesty International na-anakọta mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tọhapụ ya.
N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011, Nkom kwuru na Mbede nwere nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ na mwakpo mmekọahụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. E mere ndokwa ka a nụ arịrịọ ya n'ụbọchị 5 n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2012, mana e yigharịrị ya. A tọhapụrụ ya nwa oge n'ụbọchị 16 n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2012.
Mbede dị afọ iri atọ na anọ nwụrụ na 10 n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2014 n'obodo ya Ngoumou mgbe ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ n'ihi na ọ nweghị ego maka nlekọta ahụike.
Tessy Okoli
Tessy Okoli
4 Provostu nke anọ nke Federal College of Education (Teknụzụ), Umunze
Ọ nọ kịta
Mgbe ọ gbanyere
17 Mee, 2018
Onye ọ nọchiri	Dr. Cicilia N. Ibekwe
Ihe Gbasara ya
Aha	Theresa Obumneme Okoli
Di	Dr. H. I. Okoli
Ebe ọ gụrụ Akwụkwọ
Luka Lazarević
Luka Lazarević (Serbian Cyrillic: Лука Лазаревић; 1774 1852 ), nke a maara dị ka Pop-Luka (Поп-Лука), bụ onye ụkọchukwu Ọtọdọks nke Serbia na vojvoda (ọchịagha) nke sonyere na Nnupụisi Serbia Mbụ (1804[[13) nke Mgbanwe Serbia megide Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman . N'ịbụ onye a họpụtara dị ka onye ụkọchukwu mgbe ọ dị obere, a kọwara Lazarević dị ka onye na-agba ịnyịnya na-agba ọsọ, nke na-eyi égbè nke sonyeere ndị nnupụisi Serbia n'ọgụ ha megide ndị Janissaries (Dahije) na-enupụ isi iji bọọ nwa nwanne ya ọbọ.  O gosipụtara ike ngwa ngwa na n'oge nnupụisi megide ndị Ottoman malitere, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi nke otu na ọdịda anyanwụ Serbia. N'ị sonye n'agha niile a ma ama na mpaghara ahụ, mmegide Ottoman manyere ya na ndị isi ndị ọzọ ịgbapụ na mba ahụ. Ọ laghachiri Serbia na 1832 mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gachara na Russia, ma rụọ ọrụ maka gọọmentị Serbia (nke na-achị onwe ya ugbu a) n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya.
Tessy Okoli
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Luka Lazarević
A mụrụ Lazarević na Svileuva, na Šabac nahiya nke Sanjak nke Smederevo (nke bụ Serbia ugbu a). Aha nna ya bụ Todor, aha nne ya bụ Jevrosima. A nabatara aha nna ya site n'aka nwanne nna ya Lazar. [1] Dị ka nwatakịrị, e zigara ya Syrmia, n'oge ahụ akụkụ nke ndị eze Habsburg, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ afọ atọ na ọkara. Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ ma lụọ di, bishọp Danilo nke Valjevo họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụkọchukwu na 1796 [1] ma nye ya nlekọta nke obodo Ljutice na Koceljeva. Nwunye ya nwụrụ mgbe afọ asaa nke alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị, a hapụrụ ya ka ọ na-elekọta ụmụ ha nwoke abụọ, Mihailo na Kuzman.
Tessy Okoli
Enugu State University of Science and Technology
Luka Lazarević
N'ịbụ onye a kọwara dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Lazarević na-eyi égbè ma bụrụ nnukwu onye na-agba ịnyịnya. Nwa nwanne nna Lazarević bụ Ranko, nwa Lazar, [1] bụ knez (onye isi obodo Ndị Kraịst) na mpaghara Tamnava. [2] Mgbe ndị Janissary nọ na sanjak na ndị Turks nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye Sultan, Ranko kwadoro nke ikpeazụ. Ndị Serbia kwadoro Alaeze Ukwu ahụ bụ ndị Janissaries wakporo; Bego Novljanin onye nọ na Šabac gburu Ranko na mbido 1800. Luka Lazarević na-echere oge maka ịbọ ọbọ. [1] A sịrị na Lazarevick bụ onye agha karịa onye ụkọchukwu. [1]
Tessy Okoli
Theresa Ọbụmneme Okoli bụ onye nke anọ bụrụgoro onye isi na Federal College of Education (Teknụzụ), Ụmụnze. Na 17 Mee 2018, Onyeisiala Naịjirịa, Muhammadu Buhari họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchie onye nnọchiri anya onye isi kọleji ahụ, bụ Dọkịta Cicilia Nonye Ibekwe.
Luka Lazarević
Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Serbia
Mgbe nnupụisi megide Dahije na Šumadija malitere na mbido 1804, Lazarević sonyeere ndị nnupụise. Nnupụisi ahụ gbasara na Kolubara, na Jakov Nenadović si Valjevo ruo Šabac. N'oge dị mkpirikpi, Lazarević ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị isi agha n'òtù ahụ, ma mesịa bụrụ onye ndú nke Tamnavci na Posavci nke Šabac (ndị nnupụisi si n'ógbè Tamnava na Posavina na Šabac nahiya). Mgbe a ga-ahọpụta onye ndú nkịtị nke ndị nnupụisi Šabac, n'oge Mateja Nenadović chụpụrụ ọkwa ahụ (nwanne nna ya Jakov nyere iwu n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Valjevo nahiya), onye ndú nnupụnụ kachasị elu Karađorđe jụrụ Tamnavci na Posavci onye ọ ga-ahọrọ. N'otu, ha họọrọ Lazarević. Petar Moler gburu afụ ọnụ ya, ya na Jakov na ndị ọzọ gara Užice. Mgbe ahụ ọ lụrụ Danojla si Jadar, na bishọp Antim nke Valjevo lụrụ ha dị ka kum ya.
Tessy Okoli
Mmalite ndụ na mmụta
A mụrụ Tessy n’ezinaụlọ Aniagbọsọ n’obodo Okpuifite, Agulu, nke dị okpuru ọchịchị Anaọcha, Anambara Steeti. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na St. Augustine's Praịmarị Sukulu, Ogun Steeti. O were gaa n'ihu gụọ na Girls Sekọndịrị Sukulu, Awgbu, Anambra Steeti, site na 1971–1984, ebe ọ nwetara asambodo nke West Afrịkan Senior School (WASSCE). Ọ gawara mahadum Anambra Steeti Koleji of Education (ugbu a, Nwafọr Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Anambra Steeti), ebe ọ gwụchara dịka nwata  akwụkwọ kacha mma na Ngalaba nke Mmụta Agịrịki na 1988. O nwetara asambodo B.sc na Mmụta Agịriki na 1990 na Mahadum nke Naịjirịa, Nsụka ya na kwa nzere nke Masịta na 1995 na otu mahadum. N’afọ 2011, o nwetara akara ugo mmụta Doctorate na Mahadum Sayensị na Nkà nke Enugwu Steeti.
Luka Lazarević
Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Serbia
Site na 1805, mgbe ndị nnu pụ isi lụrụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe, megide Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, Lazarević nwere ọtụtụ mmeri dị mkpa nke o ji obi ike lụọ ọgụ na vojvoda akọ na ikike. [1] Na 18 Jenụwarị [O.S. 6 Jenụwar' Jakov Nenadović na Luka Lazarevick malitere nnọ  chibido nke Šabac, ebe Karađorđe hapụrụ Belgrade iji sonyere ha; n'ụzọ Karađordje mụtara na ndị agha Ottoman Bosnian na-agafe Drina ma si otú ahụ na-alụ ọgụ ozugbo na Jenụwar: Lazarevics na Jenụl 29.
Tessy Okoli
Ọrụ
Na 3 Machị 1992, Tessy bidoro ọrụ ya na Federal Kolejil of Education (Teknụzụ), Umunze dịka osote onye nkuzi na ngalaba Mmụta Agịriki.Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na 2007, emesịa bụrụ onye isi nkuzi na 1 Oktoba 2011 .wee bụrụ onye isi nkuzi na 1 October 2011. O jere ozi dị ka Diinụ, Ụlọakwụkọ nke Ugbo na Mmụta Nlekọta Ụlọ, Diinụ, Mmụta Affairs, Nchịkọba, Sanwichi Mmemme, Onye Nchịkọba, Na-aga n'ihu Mmụta Mmemme (CEP), Isi nke Ngalaba, Mmụta Ọrụ Ugbo. Ọ bụ onye otu ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara, dịka Science Teachers Association of Naịjirịa (STAN), Naịjirịa Association of Teacher of Technology (NATT), Teacher Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN), Women in Colleges of Education (WICE) na Naijirịa Institute of Management (NIM). Ọ bụ onye odeakwụkwọ nke Association nke Women in Colleges of Education (WICE). Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche, Forum for African Women Educationalist of Nigeria (FAWEN), FCET nke Ụmụnze.
Luka Lazarević
Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Serbia
Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka e gbuo ya n'Agha nke Mišar (Ọgọst 1806), mana o nyere aka na mmeri ahụ; Karađorđe nyere Lazarević iwu ka o zoo n'ime ọhịa na ndị agha ịnyịnya, na ụda nke egbe ya, banye n'azụ ndị agha Ottoman. N'etiti agha ahụ, Lazarević mara ọchịagha Ottoman Bosnian Mehmed-beg Kulenović aka ka ọ lụọ ọgụ nke pụtara dị ka onye mmeri, Mehmed- Beg Kulenovick ka ndị nnu pụ ịsị Serbia gburu site na ndị na-agba ọsọ na-eso Lazarevick bụ ndị jisiri ike gbalaga n'ime ọhịa. Ndị agha Ottoman e bibiri lara n'iyi laghachiri na Šabac, ebe e zigara Lazarević na Provačka Ada maka ọgwụgwọ.
Tessy Okoli
Nhọpụta ya dịka provostu
Na 17 Mee 2018, Onye isi ala nke Naịjirịa, Muhammadu Buhari, họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke anọ nke Federal College of Education (Teknụzụ), Umunze iji nnọchie onye isi kọleji ahụ, bụ Dr.Cicilia Nonye Ibekwe, otú a, mere ya onye mbụ. ndị ụlọ ọrụ kọleji ha rigoro dịka Provostu.
Luka Lazarević
Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Serbia
Mgbe ndị Ottoman nyefere Šabac n'aka ndị nnupụisi Serbia na 2 February [O.S. January], Karađorđe hapụrụ Lazarević dị ka ọchịagha na 1,000 ndị agha. Dị ka onye nlekọta nke Šabac, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'imezu iwu n'obodo na distrikti, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-ekpe ikpe na onye majie ma tinye ikpe n'ime usoro ahụ. [1]
Tessy Okoli
Nrite na nkwanye ugwu
Na 2019, ndị ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji nke Education Academic Staff Union, (COEASU) nyere ya nkwanye ugwu dịka onye nwere ugwu gụrụ na Mahadum nke Naịjirịa, Nsụka. Ndị otu Orumba Traditional Rulers Council, Anambra Steeti  chiri ya echichi nke aha o ritere bụ Mma Chinyereugo na Orumba.
Nsidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Luka Lazarević
Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Serbia
Lazarević duziri agha n'etiti Šabac na Loznica, na Užice ọ bọrọ ọbọ maka nwa nwanne ya nwoke Ranko. Ọ lụkwara ọgụ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke Drina, na Glavice n'elu Bijeljina (ebe Meho Orugdžić dara), n'etiti Zvornik na Srebrenica, ma bibie ndị agha Ottoman na-agafe Sarajevo. Mmeri e meriri na Čegar (May 1809) kwụsịrị mmeri ahụ. [1]
Onye na-ede uri na onye guslar Filip Višnjić (1767ń1834) de pụtara agha Lazarević kachasị ama dị ka Loznica (Ọktoba 1810), ebe ọ we ghaara ikike nke obodo ahụ n'aka ndị Ottoman, na Novo Selo na Krstovdan, ebe ọ gburu Pejzo Mehmed-Aga. Abụ uri nke onye nke ikpeazụ ahụ na-eto obi ike ya, ma kọwaa ya dị ka ezigbo onye na-eme atụmatụ. [1]
Ịga mba ọzọ na nloghachi
Mgbe e meriri ya na Ravnje (August 1813) na mgbochi nke nnu pụ isi ahụ, Lazarević, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị isi ndị ọzọ, hapụrụ Serbia. Ndị Austria duuru ya gaa Judenburg na Styria, ebe o si gaa Alaeze Ukwu Russia, ebe ọ nọrọ ruo 1832 mgbe ọ lagha chiri n'ihe ghọrọ Principality of Serbia mgbe Uprising nke Abụọ nke Serbia (1815), nke Miloš Obrenović (onye ọchịagha mgbanwe ibe ya, onye nyere iwu ka e gbuo Karađorđe) chịrị. Prince Miloš kwadoro ezumike nká nke 250 thalers na 6 Machị [O.S., ma were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye otu onye majie Šabac. N'afọ 1842 ọ ghọrọ onye otu Council nke steeti. N'ihi ịka nká na adịghị ike site na ọnyá iri na anọ ya, ọ lara ezumike nká ma biri n'ụlọ ya na Šabac. [1]
Lazarević nwụrụ na 5 Mee [O.S., e lie ya na nsọpụrụ kachasị elu n'echi ya n'akụkụ Chọọchị Šabac [sr]. Nkume ili ya gụnyere amaokwu nke onye na-ede uri Jovan Ilić (1824 Tian1901). [1]
Omume
Lazarević nwere ntutu isi ojii, ọkpụkpụ na-enweghị isi, ọ dị ngwa, okwu ole na ole; ọ dị ndụ, dị ike, dị n'usoro, dị nkọ; naanị n'ebe ndị na-eto eto nọ ma na-ege ndị agadi ntị. N'ime ndị ọchịagha niile, ọ kacha kwanyere Petar Dobrnjac na Milenko Stojković ùgwù. Ọ kpọrọ "Turks" (Ndị Alakụba) nke Bosnia asị, mana ọ kpọrọ ha ndị dike ka ukwuu karịa ezigbo ndị Turkey. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye a ma ama na onye a na-asọpụrụ, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-eme ụdị ọchịchị aka ike ọ bụla, ọ chọghịkwa akụ na ụba. Ọbụna n'oge agadi, o bu égbè, mma agha, na égbè abụọ.
Ihe Nketa
E nwere uri epic nke gụnyere Luka Lazarević dị ka isi na akụkọ ahụ (dị ka Luka Lazarewić i Pejzo nke Višnjić). E nwere okporo ámá ndị a gụrụ aha ya na Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Knjaževac, Koceljeva, Vladimirci, na ndị ọzọ. Okporo ámá dị na Belgrade nwere ihe ncheta ncheta. A gụnyere àgwà ya na ihe nkiri TV nke akụkọ ihe mere eme Vuk Karadžić (1987).
Ebe e si nweta ya
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Care and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2021
Ịzụ ahịa mmadụ (Mgbochi, Nlekọta na Ndozigharị) Iwu, 2021 ma ọ bụ TIP Bill ga-enye iwu zuru oke na nke raara onwe ya nye megide ịzụ ahịa na India.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
A na-emeso ịzụ ahịa na India n'okpuru ọtụtụ iwu dịka Indian Penal Code nke afọ 1860, Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, nke afọ 1986, Bonded Labour Regulation Act, nke afọ 1986 na Child Labour Regulation Act, nke afọ 1986. Iwu nke afọ 2021 bu n'obi inye iwu raara onwe ya nye. Ụdị mbụ nke iwu a tụrụ aro gụnyere Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill 2016 na Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018. E depụtara iwu nke afọ 2018 na Lok Sabha ma gafee na n'ọnwa wee Julaị nke afọ 2018. Otú ọ dị, iwu ahụ emetụbeghị ya na Rajya Sabha mgbe ọha na eze na-akwadoghị. Mgbe emechara oge mbụ nke gọọmentị Narendra Modi n'afọ 2019, ụgwọ ahụ kwụsịrị.
Iwu TIP nke afọ 2016 (TIP Bill 2016)
A gbara Iwu ahụ ajụjụ maka na ọ naghị ekpuchi ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ, maka na ọ naghị ekpuchi ahịa n'ụzọ doro anya ịzụ ahịa na-agafe ókèala, na maka ịghara ịkọwa n'ụzọ doro anya otú iwu ahụ kwesịrị isi mekọrịta iwu ndị ọzọ dị ka Nchedo nke Ụmụaka site na Mmekọahụ. Ọrụ nke nkwenye na ma onye a na-azụ ahịa chọrọ ka a napụta ya ma gbanwee ya adịghị ekpuchi nke ọma.
Iwu TIP nke afọ 2018 (TIP Bill 2018)
A katọrọ iwu nke afọ 2018 ọzọ maka emeghị ihe ọ zubere ime, nke ịbụ "nke doro anya na nke zuru oke". A katọrọ ya maka i kekwaị anya na onye omekome ma hapụ ilekwasa anya na onye emegidere zuru oke. E welitere akụkụ nke otú iwu ahụ ga-esi daba n'usoro iwu dị ugbu a ọzọ.
Iwu TIP nke afọ 2021(TIP Bill 2021)
Iwu nke afọ 2021 na-eme ka National Investigation Agency bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enyocha ihe ndị dị otú ahụ. Otú ọ dị, e mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na ụgwọ ahụ akọwaghị usoro nnapụta.
Lailatou Amadou Lele
Lailatou Amadou Lele (amụrụ ya na Mee 29, 1983) bụ onye na-eme taekwondo na Naijiria, onye na-asọ mpi maka ụdị ụmụ nwanyị (kilogram iri ise na asaa) n'afọ 2008 Summer Olympics na Beijing. E wepụrụ ya na asọmpi ahụ n'ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị, na-enye onye iro mbụ ya Debora Nunes nke Brazil ohere ka e nye ya ohere n'efu maka agba na-esote ya.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Murasaki Shikibu
thumb thumb {{Ngwàorü oméka }
Murasaki Shikibu bu onye édémédé akwukwọ na onye na-ede uri.
Ọ bụ ya dere akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Genji monogatari. E si n'akwụkwọ ahụ mara aha ya nke ukwuu n'ụwa nile.
Ọ mụrụ n'ọnwa n'afọ 973 n'obodo Heian kyo. Murasaki Shikibu onye nke nne na nna ya kpọrọ Fujiwara Tametoki.
Lynne Muthoni Wanyeki
Lynne Muthoni Wanyeki (a mụrụ n'afọ 1972) bụ onye sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Kenya, onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, onye nta akụkọ, na onye isi mpaghara nke Open Society Foundation's Ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara Africa. Wanyeki bụbu onye isi mpaghara nke Ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara Amnesty International maka East Africa, Horn, na Great Lakes. Ọ bụkwa onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Kenya Human Rights Commission na African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET).
Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Wanyeki n'afọ 1972 nyere onye nne Canada na ónyé nna Kenya (Kikuyu), ma tolite na Kenya. Nna ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1991.
O nwere BA na Political Science (mmekọrịta mba ụwa) na French (akwụkwọ) na Mahadum New Brunswick na Mahadum Simon Fraser n'otu n'otu. Wanyeki nwekwara MPA (cum laude) n'ihe banyere ọha na eze site na L'Institut d'études politiques na Paris ma na-agụ akwụkwọ doctoral ya ugbu a na Ngalaba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọmụmụ mba ụwa na School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). Ihe odide PhD nke Wanyeki na SOAS akpọrọ " 'Ngwọta Africa maka nsogbu Africa': ajụjụ nke mba ndị otu' nrube isi na African Union na-eji Kenya dị ka ihe ọmụmụ..'
Ọrụ
Wanyeki malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike lekwasịrị anya na ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'afọ 1988, ógè ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ banyere nzere bachelọ ya na Canada. Na Canada, ọ malitekwara na mgbasa ozi, na-arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo na ụlọ ọrụ redio na nsogbu metụtara ụmụ nwanyị mbịarambịa na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.
Ógè ọ laghachiri Kenya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum, otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ Wanyeki gụnyere ọrụ mmepe na ime obodo Ukambani, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ ofufo n'ihe banyere Oxfam na United Nations Environmental Programme. Na ngwụcha afọ 1990, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Nairobi maka Inter Press Services, otu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nkwado, na maka ECO News Africa. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na ụma, ọ nọchiri Njoki Wainaina dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke FEMNET. Na mbụ, ọ na-ele nzukọ ahụ anya dị ka nke ndị otu ndị inyom meworo agadi na-achịkwa. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ chọpụtara na ọnọdụ ya nyere ya ntụkwasị obi dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu a na-achọsi ike na ikike mmadụ, nha nwoke na nwanyị na mmepe. Ọ malitekwara ide kọlụm kwa izu na akwụkwọ akụkọ East Africa.
N'afọ 2007, a kpọrọ Wanyeki onye isi oche nke Kenya Human Rights Commission, ọkwa ọ nọrọ ruo ọnwa Juun afọ 2011. A họpụtara ya mgbe ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mbido afọ 2008, ọ natara iyi egwu ọnwụ n'ihi nkwupụta o kwuru màkà ntuli aka ahụ, na-akọwa ya dị ka onye sabo nye ndị Kikuyu. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa, Wanyeki jere ozi dị ka onye otu kọmitii nke Kenya Human Rights Commission ruo n'etiti afọ 2017. N'afọ 2011, ọ bụ onye otu Netwọk Ndụmọdụ Mba Nile Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Azụmaahịa & Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ. Ugbu a, ọ bụ onye otu bọọdụ nke Open Society Justice Initiative. Wanyeki jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche na African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET).
N'ọnwa Machị 2018, Wanyeki bụ otu n'ime ndị edemede asatọ hapụrụ Nation Media Group na mkpesa màkà ihe ha weere na ọ bụ mmụba ntinye aka nke gọọmentị Kenyon na imebi nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi.
Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
4 Novemba
4 Novemba bu ubochi nke 4th (nke anọ) na onwa ana kpo Novemba. Na Gregorian calender, 4 Novemba bu ubochi nke 308th (309th na afo nke ana-kpo leap year) na afo. Anyi nwere agugu ubochi 57 du mgbe afo na agwu.
Onye wuru
Òtù:Novemba
Byep language
Asụsụ Byep, ma ọ bụ (Mgbago ugwu) Makaa, bụ asụsụ ndị Bantu nke Cameroon. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Makaa na-asụ ya ma nwee njikọ chiri anya, ọ naghị aghọta ya na Ndịda Makaa.
Yinka Edward
Yinka Edward,onye amụrụ na Jos, Nigeria, bụ Nigerian cinematographer eji ọrụ aka ya mara na ihe nkiri fim  October 1, 93 Days, A Love Story (onye nwetara  mmeri nke BAFTA's Best British Short Animation category, 2017),Confusion Na Wa na Lionheart. .
Ọrụ
Na mbido afọ ọrụ ya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na National Film Institute na Jos, Nigeria n'afọ 2006,  Edward na film director, Mak 'Kusare rụkọrọ ọrụ n'ihe nkiri fim akpọrọ  Ninety Degree ma sonye ndi otu  BBC's mepụtara Wetin Dey. Mgbe ọrụ ya na Wetin Dey gasịrị, Edward gosiri ihe nkiri ọzọ akpọrọ The Ties That Bind na Namibia, bụ nke ihe nkiri izizi nke obodo Namibia. Na Nigeria, ya na Kunle Afolayan's mapụtara films The Figurine, Phone Swap na October 1. O gosipụtakwara Izu Ojukwu's fim ndị ọzọ bụ Alero's Symphony, nakwa  '76. Na Kenya, O gosipụtakwara fim Something Necessary, bụ nke Tom Tykwer kwadoro. ebe Judy Kibinge haziri ya. .Toronto International Film Festiva, n'afọ 2013 ma ahọpụtara  ya maka ihe onyinye Audience Choice Award na  mmemme fim nke ndị Chicago n'afọ 2013. Otu n’ime ọrụ ya dị ugbu a bụ fim Netflix akpọrọ Lionheart si Nigeria nke  Genevieve Nnaji haziri. Edward onye otu National Film and Television School nke di na Beaconsfield, England, ebe o natara  nzere nke Master of Arts na mmeputa ihe nkiri fim na onyonyo, nke gbadoro ụkwụ na sinimatografi.
Ebe nsi nweta
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kyle Dargan
thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ
Kyle Dargan bụ onye Amerịka na-ede uri. Ọ bụ onye dere nchịkọta uri ise. Dargan bụ ugbu onye Prọfeso só akuzi literature na onye enyemaka directọ nke creative writing na American University.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Dargan na Newark, New Jersey. Ọ natara BA na Mahadum Virginia na MFA na Mahadim Indiana.
Mahadum Georgia Press bipụtara nchịkọta abụ anọ mbụ nke Dargan. Nchịkọta mbụ ya, The Listening (2004), bụ onye natara Cave Canem Poetry Prize n'afọ 2004. Nchịkọta nke abụọ ya, Bouquet of Hungers (2007), nyere ya Hurston/Wright Legacy Award na uri n'afọ 2008. E bipụtara "Logorrhea Dementia" n'afọ 2010 ma bipụta Honest Engine n'afọ 2015. Akwụkwọ nke ise Dargan, Anagnorisis, (Triquarterly, 2018), meriri Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize site na Academy of American Poets n'afọ 2018.
Dargan bụ ugbu onye Prọfeso só akuzi literature na onye enyemaka directọ nke creativector of creaMahadumtAmerican. can University. Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin POST NO ILLS. Dargan bi na Washington D.C.
Onyinye
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Denise Mobolaji Ajayi-Williams
Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Williams nwetara nzere bachelọ ya na Economics site na Mahadum California, Riverside, na Masters ya na Business Administration Degree na ntinye uche na Marketing na Mahadum Golden Gate, Ageno School of Business. Ọrụ ọkachamara Williams na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị isi na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke gụnyere Kaiser Permanente, Gilead Sciences, Abbott Laboratories, na State of CA Department of Public Health. Williams bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye dị iche iche, nke gụnyere onyinye US Congressional Award for Outstanding Contributions from Congresswoman Barbara Lee, US Senatorial Award from Senator Dianne Feinstein for Outstanding Community Leadership, na Visionary Award from Actor Danny Glover.
Ọrụ
E gosipụtara Williams na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, nke gụnyere Forbes, CNBC, GritDaly, Huffington Post, Guardian, Thrive Global, na Black Enterprise. Williams nwere mmasị kachasị n'ịrụ àkwà mmiri nke ọganihu akụ na ụba n'etiti Silicon Valley technology mecca nke ụwa na mba ndị na-apụta site na gburugburu ụwa. Ọ na-eji oge ezumike ya n'ịkwalite ịgụ na ide na ịdị iche iche nke nwata, nke enwere ike ịhụ site na njem ya dị ka Onye edemede nke usoro akwụkwọ ụmụaka, Akiti the Hunter, 1st African Action Superhero. Akiti the Hunter, a na-emegharị ya n'ime usoro ihe nkiri.
Ndụ onwe ya
Ajayi-Williams nwere nwa nwoke ya na di ya Hayden Williams III onye bụkwa onye guzobere WM Journal platform na Working Moms na 1920s organisation.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Uetersen
Uetersen bụ village no na Nord ala ana-kpo Germany. Ono n'etiti obodo Hamburg.
Lee nke ozo
Òtù:Jémanị
Size 8
Linet Munyali (a mụrụ na 4 Ọgọstụ 1987), onye a maara dịka Size 8, bụ onye Kenya na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ bụbu onye na-ese ihe n'ụwa, a maara Size 8 maka egwu ya "Shamba Boy" na "Moto". N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, o wepụtara egwu ozioma mbụ ya "Mateke". Dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, o nwere obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri iwu Mashtaka.
Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Linet Masiro Munyali na 4 August afọ na 1987, a zụlitere ya na Maringo Estate na Nairobi. Ọ bụ nwa nke isii n'ime ụmụnne isii ndị ọzọ Samuel Kirui Munyali, onye Uganda na Esther Njeri, onye Kenya, ha abụọ bụ ndị ụkọchukwu. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Dr. Livingstone ebe ọ nọ n'elu na claasị ya na KCPE. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ na State House Girls ma nwee obi ụtọ na o mechara sonye na Hillcrest School.
Ọrụ
Clemo, onye Kenya na-emepụta ihe na onye guzobere Calif Records, chọpụtara Munyali mgbe ọ gara nyocha na mpaghara ma mesịa bịanye aka na labelụ Record. O wepụtara "Shamba Boy", "Silali" na "Vidonge". Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, ọ kwadoro na ọ gafere na ụlọ ọrụ egwu ozioma, ebe a mụrụ ya ọzọ, ma mesịa wepụta egwu mbụ ya "Mateke". O weputara ndị ọzọ dịka "Moto", "Yuko na Wewe", "Jemedari" na "Afadhali Yesu".
Ndụ onwe onye
Size 8 lụrụ Samwel Muraya, onye a maara dịka DJ Mo, onye na-egwu egwu na Septemba afọ 2013. Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ: nwa nwanyị Ladasha Belle Muraya amụrụ na 19 Nọvemb afọ 2015 na nwa nwoke Samuel Muraya Jnr. amụrụ na Nọvemba 12, 2019. https://www.tuko.co.ke/390543-size-8-dj-mo-celebrate-son-murayajnrs-1st-birthday-emotional-message-am-tears.html#:~:text=Gospel%20singer%20Size%20and%20her,year%20on%20Thursday%2C%20November%2012. Nne ya, Esther Njeri Munyali, nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ, otu ụbọchị ọ mụsịrị nwa ya nwanyị mbụ. N'ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2021, size 8 na di ya tụfuru nwa ha a na-amụbeghị amụ.
Ty Detmer
thumb|Ty Detmer Ty Hubert Detmer (amụrụ n'October 30, 1967) bụ onye nkuzi bọọlụ bọọlụ nke America na onye bụbu onye egwuregwu. Dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ, Detmer meriri Heisman Trophy na 1990 mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu na Mahadum Brigham Young (BYU). Ọ gara n'ihu na-egwu egwuregwu na National Football League (NFL) ruo oge iri na anọ. Ọ bụ onye nhazi mmegide na BYU site na 2015 ruo 2017. Na BYU, Detmer mebiri ọtụtụ ndekọ NCAA ma bụrụ onye a ghọtara ugboro abụọ dị ka nkwekọrịta All-American. N'ịbụ onye a họọrọ n'oge na 1992 NFL Draft, Detmer gbara bọọlụ maka ndị otu NFL isii, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-arụ ọrụ nkwado. Ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye na-agbachitere NFL bụ Koy Detmer.
Endocrine disrupters
Usoro ọ bụla dị na ahụ nke homonụ na-achịkwa nwere ike imebi ya site na ndị na-akpaghasị homonụ. Kpọmkwem, ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine nwere ike jikọta ya na mmepe nke nkwarụ mmụta, nsogbu nlebara anya siri ike, nsogbu ọgụgụ isi na ụbụrụ ụbụrụ.
Enweela arụmụka gbasara ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine, ụfọdụ ndị otu na-akpọ oku ka ndị na-achịkwa mee ngwa ngwa iji wepụ ha n'ahịa, na ndị na-achịkwa na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ na-akpọ maka ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ụfọdụ ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine achọpụtala ma wepụ ya n'ahịa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ a na-akpọ diethylstilbestrol), mana ejighị n'aka ma ụfọdụ ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine n'ahịa na-emerụ mmadụ na anụ ọhịa n'ezie na doses nke anụ ọhịa na ụmụ mmadụ na-ekpughere. Na mgbakwunye, otu akwụkwọ sayensị bụ isi, nke e bipụtara na 1996 na akwụkwọ akụkọ Science, bụ nke nyere aka ịmalite mmegharị nke ndị na-emegide ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine, wepụrụ ma chọpụta na onye dere ya mejọrọ sayensị.
Nnyocha e mere na mkpụrụ ndụ na anụmanụ ụlọ nyocha egosila na EDC nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta dị njọ n'ime anụmanụ, na ikpughe dị ala nwekwara ike ịkpata mmetụta yiri nke ahụ na ụmụ mmadụ. EDC na gburugburu ebe obibi nwekwara ike jikọta ya na nsogbu ọmụmụ na enweghị ọmụmụ na anụ ọhịa na mmachibido iwu na iji ha eme ihe na mbelata nsogbu ahụike yana mgbake nke ụfọdụ anụ ọhịa.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
The Endocrine Society weputara nkwupụta sayensị nke na-akọwapụta usoro na mmetụta nke ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine na "mmeputa nwoke na nwanyị, mmepe ara na ọrịa kansa, ọrịa prostate, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism na oke ibu, na ọrịa obi endocrinology," na-egosi otú nnwale na ọrịa na-efe efe si agbakọta. na nyocha ahụike mmadụ "iji tinye kemịkalụ na-akpaghasị endocrine (EDCs) dị ka ihe na-emetụta ahụike ọha." Nkwupụta ahụ kwuru na ọ siri ike igosi na ndị na-akpaghasị ọrịa endocrine na-ebute ọrịa mmadụ, ọ tụrụ aro ka ekwesịrị ịgbaso ụkpụrụ akpachara anya. Nkwupụta na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na-egosipụta nchegbu amụma.
Ogige ndị na-akpaghasị Endocrine gụnyere klaasị kemịkalụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ọgwụ, ọgwụ pesticides, ogige ndị a na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ rọba na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa, ngwaahịa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mmetọ, na ọbụna ụfọdụ kemịkalụ botanical emepụtara. Ụfọdụ na-agbasa ebe niile ma gbasasịa na gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee ike ịba ụba. Ụfọdụ bụ ihe ndị na-emetọ mmiri na-adịgide adịgide (POPs), a pụkwara ibuga ha n'ebe dị anya gafee ókèala mba ma hụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara niile nke ụwa, ma nwee ike itinye uche na nso North Pole, n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ọnọdụ oyi. Ndị ọzọ na-emebi ngwa ngwa na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịnọ naanị obere oge. Mmetụta ahụike nke a na-ekwu na endocrin na-akpaghasị ogige gụnyere ọtụtụ nsogbu ọmụmụ (mbelata ọmụmụ, ụmụ nwoke na nwanyị na-amụ nwa, na oke nwoke na nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ, nkwụsị nke nwa ebu n'afọ, nsogbu ịhụ nsọ); mgbanwe na ọkwa hormone; mmalite oge ntozu; nsogbu ụbụrụ na omume; arụrụ ọrụ mgbochi ọrịa; na ọrịa cancer dị iche iche.
Otu ihe atụ nke nsonaazụ nke mkpughe nke anụmanụ ndị na-emepe emepe, gụnyere ụmụ mmadụ, na ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke homonụ bụ ihe banyere ọgwụ diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrogen na-abụghị steroidal ọ bụghị ihe mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Tupu mmachibido iwu ya na mmalite 1970s, ndị dọkịta nyere DES ihe dị ka nde ụmụ nwanyị dị ime nde ise ka ha gbochie ite ime na mberede, iji ọgwụ a eme ihe tupu afọ 1947. Achọpụtara ya mgbe ụmụaka gafesịrị ntozu na DES metụtara ọgwụ ahụ. mmepe nke usoro ọmụmụ ma kpatara ọrịa kansa ikpu. Mkpa nke DES saga na ihe ize ndụ nke ikpughe na ndị na-akpaghasị endocrin bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo, n'ihi na doses ndị a na-etinye na ya dị elu karịa ndị a n'ihi na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Na 2013 WHO na United Nations Environment Programme weputara ọmụmụ ihe, akụkọ kachasị na EDC ruo taa, na-akpọ maka nyocha ndị ọzọ iji ghọta nke ọma njikọ dị n'etiti EDC na ihe ize ndụ nke ahụike nke ndụ mmadụ na anụmanụ. Ndị otu ahụ rụtụrụ aka na nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ihe ọmụma ma kpọọ maka nyocha ndị ọzọ iji nweta nkọwa zuru oke banyere ahụike na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine. Iji meziwanye ihe ọmụma zuru ụwa ọnụ, otu akwadoro:
Usoro endocrine
A na-ahụ usoro endocrine n'ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ. Usoro endocrine nwere glands na-ezobe homonụ, yana ndị na-anabata ya na-achọpụta ma na-emeghachi omume na homonụ.
Hormones na-ejegharị n'ime ahụ ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ozi kemịkalụ. Hormones na-emekọrịta ihe na sel ndị nwere ihe nnabata dabara na ma ọ bụ n'elu ha. Hormonụ na-ejikọta ya na onye na-anabata ya, dị ka igodo ga-adaba na mkpọchi. Usoro endocrine na-achịkwa mgbanwe site na iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-arụ ọrụ ime, na-eji homonụ dị ka ndị ozi. Usoro endocrine na-ezobe homonụ na nzaghachi maka mkpali gburugburu ebe obibi yana ịhazi mgbanwe mmepe na ịmụ nwa. Mgbanwe ndị usoro endocrine wetara bụ biochemical, na-agbanwe kemịkalụ nke ime na mpụta nke cell iji weta mgbanwe ogologo oge na ahụ. Usoro ndị a na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke ahụ n'ime usoro ndụ ya dum. Ndị steroid na-enwe mmekọahụ dị ka estrogens na androgens, yana hormones thyroid, na-adabere n'usoro nzaghachi, nke na-eme ka njedebe uche nke glands ndị a kwụsị.
Ty Detmer
Afọ ndị mbụ
A mụrụ Detmer na San Marcos, Texas. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Hobby, Mount Sacred Heart Middle School, na United Middle School na Laredo, Texas, na Southwest High School na San Antonio, Texas. Ọ nwetara akwụkwọ ozi na gọlfụ, bọọlụ, basketball, baseball, na egwu. Dị ka onye isi, Detmer meriri ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị All-American nsọpụrụ na football ma bụrụ Texas Player nke Afọ. Ọ nwetakwara nkwanye ugwu steeti niile na bọọlụ baseball na otuto mpaghara niile na basketball. Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Endocrine disrupters
Usoro endocrine
Hormones na-arụ ọrụ na obere doses (akụkụ kwa ijeri ranges). Ọrịa endocrine nwekwara ike ime site na mkpughe dị ala na homonụ exogenous ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ na-arụ ọrụ nke homonụ dị ka bisphenol A. Kemịkalụ ndị a nwere ike jikọta ndị na-anabata ya maka usoro mgbasa ozi hormonal ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, ebe ọ bụ na homonụ endogenous adịlarị n'ime ahụ n'ihe gbasara usoro ndu, ikpughekwu ya na obere ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke homonụ na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịkpaghasị ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke sistemu endocrine nke ahụ. Ya mere, onye na-akpaghasị endocrine nwere ike ịkpalite mmetụta ọjọọ na obere doses karịa nsi, na-eme site na usoro dị iche iche.
Oge ikpughe dịkwa oke egwu. Oge mmepe kachasị dị egwu na-apụta na utero, ebe akwa fatịlaịza na-ekewa, na-etolite ngwa ngwa n'usoro ọ bụla nke nwa tozuru oke, gụnyere ọtụtụ wiring dị na ụbụrụ. Ntinye aka na nkwurịta okwu hormonal na utero nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu ma n'usoro ma na mmepe ụbụrụ. Dabere na ọkwa nke mmepe ịmụ nwa, nnyonye anya na mgbaàmà hormonal nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke a na-ahụghị na ndị okenye na-ekpughere otu dose ahụ maka otu ogologo oge. Nnwale na ụmụ anụmanụ achọpụtala oge ntolite dị oke egwu na utero na ụbọchị mgbe amuchara nwa mgbe mkpughe na kemịkalụ na-egbochi ma ọ bụ na-eṅomi homonụ nwere mmetụta ọjọọ nke na-anọgide na-eto eto. Nkwụsị ọrụ thyroid n'oge mmalite nwere ike bụrụ ihe kpatara mmepe mmekọahụ na-adịghị mma na ma ndị nwoke ma ndị nwanyị n'oge mmalite nke mmepe moto, na nkwarụ mmụta.
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mkpughe na kemịkalụ na mmetụta ahụike dị mgbagwoju anya. O siri ike ijikọ otu kemịkalụ nwere mmetụta ahụike akọwapụtara nke ọma, na ndị okenye ekpughere nwere ike ọ gaghị egosipụta nsogbu ọ bụla. Ma, ụmụaka ebu n'afọ na embrayo, ndị usoro endocrine na-achịkwa uto na mmepe ha nke ukwuu, na-enwekarị ike ikpughe ma nwee ike ịmalite ahụ ike ma ọ bụ dị nro ogologo ndụ ogologo oge ma ọ bụ nsogbu ọmụmụ. Ikpughe ịmụ nwa, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nwere ike ibute mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide yana ọrịa ndị okenye.
Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe nchegbu na ikpughe ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine n'ime akpa nwa ma ọ bụ n'oge ndụ nwere ike jikọta ya na ọrịa neurodevelopmental gụnyere mbelata IQ, ADHD, na autism. Ụfọdụ ọrịa cancer na uterine adịghị ahụkebe n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na-ejikọta ya na ikpughe na diethylstilbestrol (DES) n'ime afọ n'ihi DES ejiri dị ka ọgwụgwọ ahụike.
N'ọnọdụ ọzọ, phthalates na mmamịrị ụmụ nwanyị dị ime jikọtara ya na ntụgharị aghụghọ, mana akọwapụtara nke ọma, mgbanwe genital na ụmụ ọhụrụ ha nwoke-nke dị mkpụmkpụ, karịa nwanyị dị ka anogenital na njikọ ezughị ezu nke testes na obere scrotum na amụ. Ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ phthalate jụrụ ajụjụ sayensị dị n'azụ ọmụmụ ihe a. Dị ka nke June 2008, e nwere nanị ise ọmụmụ banyere anogenital anya na ụmụ mmadụ, na otu onye na-eme nchọpụta kwuru na "ma AGD usoro na ụmụ mmadụ metụtara ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa pụta, Otú ọ dị, ka ga-ekpebisi ike, dị ka ya ike dị ka ihe na-eme androgen edinam. na epidemiological ọmụmụ."
Mmetụta na ọkwa nke homonụ ahụ
Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ọdịiche dị na kemịkalụ dị n'etiti ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine na hormones endogenous mgbe ụfọdụ ka a na-ehota dị ka arụmụka maka ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine na-emetụta nanị ụfọdụ (ọ bụghị ihe niile) n'ime àgwà ndị hormone na-emetụta, nchọpụta toxicology na-egosi na ọtụtụ n'ime mmetụta nke endocrine. Ndị na-akpaghasị ihe na-elekwasị anya n'ụdị homonụ a kapịrị ọnụ nke na-enye otu homonụ aka ịhazi mmepụta na/ma ọ bụ mmebi nke homonụ nke anụ ahụ. Mmetụta nchịkwa ndị a na-ejikọta ya na hormone nke na-emetụta ọkwa nke hormone ọzọ na-emetụta ọkwa nke ọtụtụ hormones ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ahụ n'onwe ya, na-ahapụghị hormones endogenous ma ọ bụ àgwà ndị na-emetụta ha na-emetụtaghị ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine. Ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine nwere ike iṅomi ma ọ bụ na-emegide homonụ eke, kemịkalụ ndị a nwere ike rụpụta nsonaazụ ha site na ime ihe site na mmekọrịta ya na ndị na-anabata nuklia, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ma ọ bụ ndị na-anabata akpụkpọ ahụ.
U-shaped dose-response curve
Ọtụtụ ihe na-egbu egbu, gụnyere ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine, ka a na-ekwu na ha na-agbaso usoro nzaghachi nzaghachi ụdị nke U. Nke a pụtara na ọkwa dị ala ma dị elu nwere mmetụta karịa ikpughe n'etiti ọkwa nke ihe na-egbu egbu. Achọpụtala mmetụta na-akpaghasị Endocrine na anụmanụ ndị ekpughere n'ọkwa dị mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ kemịkalụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọkụ ọkụ na-emekarị, BDE-47, na-emetụta usoro ọmụmụ na thyroid gland nke oke ụmụ nwanyị na doses yiri nke a na-ekpughere ụmụ mmadụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta synergistic na ndị amphibians, ma ọ bụghị ihe doro anya na nke a bụ mmetụta a na-esi na usoro endocrine.
Ndị nkatọ ekwuola na enwere ihe akaebe na-egosi na ọnụọgụ kemịkalụ dị na gburugburu ebe obibi dị oke ala iji kpata nnukwu mmetụta. Nkwupụta nkwenye sitere na Learning and Developmental Disabilities Initiative rụrụ ụka na "Enweghị ike ịkọ mmetụta dị oke ala nke ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine site na ọmụmụ ihe dị elu, nke megidere ụkpụrụ 'dose na-eme nsị' iwu nke toxicology. Nkwụghachi nzaghachi dose na-abụghị omenala. A na-akpọ ya dị ka akụkụ nzaghachi nzaghachi dose na-abụghị monotononic."
Enwere ike imeri ihe mgbochi usoro onunu ogwu ma ọ bụrụ na obere mkpokọta nke ndị na-akpaghasị endocrine dị iche iche na-emekọrịta ihe. E bipụtara akwụkwọ a na Sayensị na June 1996, ọ bụkwa otu ihe kpatara nkwụsị nke Iwu Nchekwa Nri nke 1996. Enweghị ike ịnwapụta nsonaazụ ya na otu usoro na usoro ọzọ, ma weghachite akwụkwọ mbụ ahụ, na Arnold chọpụtara na ya. emeela omume ọjọọ sayensị site n'aka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchọpụta Nchọpụta nke United States.
A na-ekwu na tamoxifen na ụfọdụ phthalates nwere mmetụta dị iche iche (ma na-emerụ ahụ) n'ahụ ahụ na obere doses karịa na oke doses.
Ụzọ ndị a na-ahụ
Nri bụ usoro bụ isi a na-eji kpughee ndị mmadụ na mmetọ. A na-eche na nri ga-abụ ihe ruru 90% nke ibu PCB na DDT mmadụ. N'ime nyocha nke ngwaahịa nri 32 dị iche iche sitere na ụlọ ahịa nri atọ dị na Dallas, ahụrụ na azụ na ngwaahịa anụmanụ ndị ọzọ butere PBDE. Ebe ọ bụ na ogige ndị a na-agbaze abụba, ọ ga-abụ na ha na-esi na gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbakọta na anụ abụba nke anụmanụ ndị mmadụ na-eri. Ụfọdụ na-eche na iri azụ̀ bụ isi ihe na-ebute ọtụtụ mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. N’ezie, e gosiwo ma salmon ọhịa ma nke a na-akọ ugbo sitere n’akụkụ ụwa nile nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị mmadụ mere.
Site na mmụba nke ngwaahịa ụlọ nwere ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe na mbelata ogo ikuku ikuku ụlọ, ikuku ime ụlọ aghọwo ihe dị mkpa nke ikpughe mmetọ. Ndị bi n'ụlọ ndị nwere ala osisi a na-emeso na 1960 na-eji PCB emecha osisi nwere oke ahụ dị elu karịa ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu. Nnyocha nke uzuzu ime ụlọ na igwe nkụ nke ụlọ iri na isii hụrụ ọkwa dị elu nke 22 PBDE congeners dị iche iche nwalere n'ụdị niile. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na uzuzu ụlọ emerụ emerụ, ọ bụghị nri, nwere ike ịbụ isi iyi nke PBDE n'ime ahụ anyị. Otu nnyocha mere atụmatụ na ntinye uzuzu ụlọ na-akpata ihe ruru 82% nke ibu ahụ PBDE mmadụ.
Egosikwara na uzuzu ụlọ meruru emeru bụ isi ihe na-esite n'ahụ ụmụaka. O nwere ike ịbụ na ụmụ ọhụrụ na ndị na-eto eto na-abanye n'ájá ụlọ emerụ emerụ karịa ndị toro eto ha na ha bi, ya mere nwee ọkwa dị elu nke mmetọ na sistemu ha.
Nnyocha nke kemịkalụ endocrine na-akpaghasị na Old Order ụmụ nwanyị Mennonite n'etiti ime ime kpebiri na ha nwere ọkwa dị ala na sistemụ ha karịa ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu. Ndị Mennonites na-erikarị nri ọhụrụ, ndị anaghị edozi ya, ugbo na-enweghị ọgwụ nje, na-eji ihe ịchọ mma ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe ha ole na ole ma ọ bụ enweghị. Otu nwanyị nke kọrọ na iji ntutu isi na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere nnukwu monoethyl phthalate, ebe ndị inyom ndị ọzọ niile nwere ọkwa dị ala. Ụmụ nwanyị atọ ndị kọrọ na ha nọ n'ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ gwongworo n'ime awa 48 nke inye ihe nlele mmamịrị nwere ọkwa dị elu nke diethylhexyl phthalate, nke a na-ahụ na polyvinyl chloride ma na-eji n'ime ime ụgbọ ala.