cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials
Okike
Usoro ndu na-egosipụtakarị nanomaterials eke, na-arụ ọrụ. Ọdịdị nke foraminifera (karịsịa nzu) na nje (protein, capsid), kristal wax na-ekpuchi akwụkwọ lotus ma ọ bụ nasturtium, ududo na silk udide-mite, acha anụnụ anụnụ nke tarantulas, "spatulae" na ala nke gecko ụkwụ, ụfọdụ akpịrịkpa nku nru ububa, colloids eke (mmiri ara ehi, ọbara), ihe mmekọ (akpụkpọ ahụ, mkpịsị aka, ọnụ ọnụ, feathers, mpi, ntutu), akwụkwọ, owu, nacre, coral, na ọbụna ọkpụkpụ nke anyị bụ ihe nanomaterials eke.
Olumide Durojaiye
Ọrụ mba ụwa
Durojaiye ruru eru igwu egwu maka Naịjirịa na England ma kwupụta ọchịchọ ya ịnọchite anya Naịjirịa. A kpọrọ ya na ndị otu mmepe nke Under-20.
Nanomaterials
Okike
Nanomaterials eke inorganic na-eme site na uto kristal na ọnọdụ kemịkalụ dị iche iche nke jikọrọ ọnụ ụwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụrọ na-egosipụta nanostructures dị mgbagwoju anya n'ihi anisotropy nke usoro kristal ha dị n'okpuru, na ọrụ mgbawa nwere ike ime ka opals pụta, nke bụ ihe atụ nke kristal photonic na-emekarị n'ihi nanoscale ha. Ọkụ na-anọchi anya mmeghachi omume dị mgbagwoju anya ma nwee ike imepụta pigmenti, ciment, silica fumed wdg.
Olumide Durojaiye
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ
emsibịa d Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Nanomaterials
Okike
Ebe e si enweta nanoparticles na-agụnye ihe ndị na-ere ọkụ n'oké ọhịa, ntụ mgbawa ugwu, mmiri mmiri na-efesa, na ire ọkụ radon gas. A nwekwara ike ịmepụta nanomaterials eke site na usoro ihu igwe nke igwe ma ọ bụ nkume nwere anion, yana n'ebe a na-egwupụta mmiri acid.
Ụdị
A na-ekewakarị ihe nano-objects maka ole n'ime akụkụ ha dabara na nanoscale. A na-akọwa nanoparticle ihe nano-ihe nwere akụkụ atọ niile dị na mpụga nanoscale, onye anyụike kachasị ogologo na nke kacha nso adịghị iche nke ukwuu. Nanofiber nwere akụkụ abụọ dị n'èzí na nanoscale, na nanotubes bụ nanofibers oghere na nanorods bụ nanofibers siri ike. Otu nanoplate/nanosheet nwere otu akụkụ mpụga na nanoscale, ma ọ bụrụ na akụkụ abụọ buru ibu dị nnọọ iche, a na-akpọ ya nanoribbon. Maka nanofibers na nanoplates, akụkụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ma ọ bụ ghara ịdị na nanoscale, mana ọ ga-abụrịrị nnukwu ibu. N'okwu ndị a niile, a na-ahụta ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na ọ dịkarịa ala ihe 3.
A na-ekewakarị ihe Nanostructured materials site n'ụdị akụkụ okwu ha nwere. Nanocomposite bụ ihe siri ike nwere opekata mpe otu mpaghara anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ mkpokọta mpaghara, nwere opekata mpe otu akụkụ na nanoscale. Nanofoam nwere mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ matriks siri ike, jupụtara na akụkụ gas, ebe otu n'ime akụkụ abụọ ahụ nwere akụkụ na nanoscale. Ihe nanoporous bụ ihe siri ike nwere nanopores, oghere dị n'ụdị oghere mepere emepe ma ọ bụ mechiri emechi nke ogologo obere micron. Ihe nanocrystalline nwere obere akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọka kristal na nanoscale.
Nanoporous materials
Okwu nanoporous ihe nwere obere ihe microporous na mesoporous. Ihe microporous bụ ihe nwere oghere nwere obere oghere dị obere karịa 2 nm, ebe ihe mesoporous bụ ndị nwere oghere oghere na mpaghara 2-50 nm. Ihe microporous na-egosipụta nha pore nwere nha ogologo ya na obere ụmụ irighiri ihe. N'ihi nke a ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike na-eje ozi ngwa bara uru gụnyere membranes nkewa. Mesoporous ihe na-adọrọ mmasị kwupụta ngwa na-achọ elu kpọmkwem n'elu ebe, mgbe na-enyere penetration maka ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere ike ịdị oke ibu ịbanye pores nke a microporous ihe onwunwe. N'ebe ụfọdụ, a na-ewere nanofoam ihe nanofoam mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka nanostructures ma ọ bụghị nanomaterials n'ihi na ọ bụ naanị ihe efu na ọ bụghị ihe ndị ahụ n'onwe ha bụ nanoscale. Ọ bụ ezie na nkọwa ISO na-ewere naanị nano-ihe gburugburu nanoparticles, ebe ndị ọzọ na-eji okwu ahụ nanoparticle maka ụdị niile.
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles nwere akụkụ atọ niile na nanoscale. Enwere ike itinye nanoparticles n'ime nnukwu ihe siri ike iji mepụta nanocomposite.
Fullerenes
Fullerenes bụ klaasị nke allotropes nke carbon nke n'echiche bụ mpempe akwụkwọ graphene na-atụgharị n'ime tubes ma ọ bụ spheres. Ndị a na-agụnye carbon nanotubes (ma ọ bụ silicon nanotubes) nke na-adọrọ mmasị ma n'ihi ike ọrụ ha yana kwa n'ihi ihe ọkụ eletrik ha. thumb|Nlegharị anya nke C60, otu ụdị fullerene Mkpuru mbụ fullerene molekul ga-achọpụtara, na ezinụlọ aha ya, buckminsterfullerene (C60), kwadebere na 1985 Richard Smalley, Robert Curl, James Heath, Sean O'Brien, na Harold Kroto na Rice University. Aha ahụ bụ nsọpụrụ nye Buckminster Fuller, onye geodesic domes ya yiri. Achọpụtala Fullerenes na-eme na okike. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a chọpụtala fullerenes na mbara igwe.
Usoro a na-ejikarị emepụta fullerenes bụ izipu nnukwu mmiri n'etiti electrodes abụọ dị nso na ikuku ikuku. Ihe na-akpata carbon plasma arc n'etiti electrodes na-ajụ oyi n'ime ihe fọdụrụnụ nke nwere ike kewapụ ọtụtụ fullerenes.
Enwere ọtụtụ ngụkọ ejirila ab-initio Quantum Methods etinyere na fullerenes. Site na usoro DFT na TDDFT mmadụ nwere ike nweta IR, Raman na UV ụdịdị. Enwere ike iji nsonaazụ nyocha dị otú ahụ tụnyere nsonaazụ nnwale.
Nanoparticles ndị dabeere na ígwè
Enwere ike iji nanomaterials inorganic, (dịka quantum dots, nanowires, na nanorods) n'ihi njirimara anya na ọkụ eletrik ha na-adọrọ mmasị, na optoelectronics. Ọzọkwa, ngwa anya na eletrọnịkị akụrụngwa nke nanomaterials nke dabere na nha na ọdịdị ha nwere ike ịdozi site na usoro sịntetik. Enwere ike iji ihe ndị ahụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ihe ndị dabeere na optoelectronic ngwaọrụ dị ka organic anyanwụ cell, OLEDs wdg The ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ngwaọrụ na-achịkwa photoinduced Filiks dị ka eletrọn nnyefe na ike nyefe. Ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ ndị ahụ dabere na arụmọrụ nke usoro foto induced na-ahụ maka ọrụ ha. Ya mere, nghota nke ọma nke usoro foto induced na organic / inorganic nanomaterial composite system dị mkpa iji jiri ha na ngwaọrụ optoelectronic.
Nanoparticles ma ọ bụ nanocrystals mere nke ọla, semiconductor, ma ọ bụ oxides nwere mmasị pụrụ iche maka igwe ha, eletriki, magnetik, ngwa anya, kemịkalụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. A na-eji nanoparticles mee ihe dị ka ntụpọ quantum yana dị ka ihe na-akpata kemịkalụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka nanomaterial. Na nso nso a, a na-enyocha ọtụtụ nanoparticles maka ngwa biomedical gụnyere injin anụ ahụ, nnyefe ọgwụ, biosensor.
Nanoparticles nwere mmasị sayensị dị ukwuu ka ha bụ akwa mmiri dị n'etiti nnukwu ihe na ihe atomiki ma ọ bụ molecular. Otu nnukwu ihe kwesịrị inwe ihe anụ ahụ mgbe niile n'agbanyeghị nha ya, mana na nano-ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a anaghị adịkarị. A na-ahụ ihe ndị na-adabere na nha dị ka njide quantum n'ime ihe ndị dị na semiconductor, resonance plasmon na ụfọdụ irighiri igwe, na superparamagnetism na ngwa magnetik.
Nanoparticles na-egosipụta ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche metụtara nnukwu ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbagọ nke nnukwu ọla kọpa (waya, rịbọn, wdg) na-apụta site na mmegharị nke atọm/ụyọkọ ọla kọpa n'ihe dịka nha 50 nm. A na-ahụta nanoparticles ọla kọpa na-erughị 50 nm ihe ndị siri ike nke na-anaghị egosipụta otu adịghị ike na ductility dị ka nnukwu ọla kọpa. Mgbanwe nke ihe onwunwe anaghị achọ mgbe niile. Ihe ndị dị n'ọkụ dị obere karịa 10 nm nwere ike ịgbanwe ntụzịaka polarization ha site na iji ike okpomọkụ ụlọ, si otú a mee ka ha ghara ịba uru maka nchekwa ebe nchekwa. Suspensions nke nanoparticles ga-ekwe omume n'ihi na mmekọrịta nke urughuru elu na ihe mgbaze bụ ike zuru ezu imeri iche na njupụta, nke na-emekarị na-eme ka a ihe ma imi ma ọ bụ sere n'elu na a mmiri mmiri. Nanoparticles na-enwekarị ihe a na-ahụ anya na-atụghị anya ya n'ihi na ha dị ntakịrị iji gbochie electrons ha wee mepụta mmetụta quantum. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nanoparticles ọla edo na-apụta na-acha uhie uhie na-acha oji na ngwọta.
Ebe dị elu na-adịkarị elu na oke olu nke nanoparticles na-enye ike ịkwọ ụgbọala dị egwu maka mgbasa, karịsịa na okpomọkụ dị elu. Sintering kwere omume na ala okpomọkụ na n'elu mkpumkpu durations karịa ibu ahụ. Nke a n'ụzọ doro anya anaghị emetụta njupụta nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ, ọ bụ ezie na ihe isi ike na-asọpụta na ọchịchọ nke nanoparticles na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo njọ. Mmetụta elu nke nanoparticles na-ebelatakwa okpomọkụ na-agbaze mmalite.
Nanostructures nwere otu akụkụ
Enwere ike imezi wires kristal kacha nta nwere akụkụ obe pere mpe dị ka otu atọm na njide cylindrical. Carbon nanotubes, ihe nanostructure nke ọkara-1D, enwere ike iji dị ka ndebiri maka njikọ. Mkpọchi na-enye nkwụsi ike n'ibu ma na-egbochi ụdọ atomic linear ka ọ ghara imebi; A na-ebu amụma na ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ nke nanowires 1D ga-akwụsi ike n'usoro ọ bụrụgodị na e kewapụrụ ya na ndebiri.
Nanostructures nwere akụkụ abụọ
Ihe 2D bụ ihe kristal nwere akụkụ abụọ nwere otu oyi akwa nke atọm. Achọpụtara graphene kachasị mkpa na-anọchite anya ya na 2004. A na-ewere ihe nkiri dị nro na nanoscale ọkpụrụkpụ nanostructures, ma mgbe ụfọdụ a naghị ewere nanomaterials n'ihi na ha adịghị adị iche na mkpụrụ.
Ihe arụnyere nanostructured nnukwu
Ụfọdụ nnukwu ihe nwere atụmatụ na nanoscale, gụnyere nanocomposites, nanocrystalline ihe, ihe nkiri nanostructured, na nanotextured elu.
Ngwa
A na-eji ihe Nano mee ihe n'ụdị dị iche iche, usoro mmepụta ihe, ngwaahịa na ahụike gụnyere agba, nzacha, mkpuchi na ihe mgbakwunye mmanu. Na nlekọta ahụike Nanozymes bụ nanomaterials nwere njirimara enzyme. Ha bụ ụdị enzyme arụrụ arụ na-apụta, nke ejirila maka ngwa ngwa dị ka biosensing, bioimaging, nchọpụta etuto, antibiofouling na ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịmepụta ihe nzacha dị elu site na iji nanostructures, ihe nzacha ndị a nwere ike iwepụ particulate dị ka nje dị ka a hụrụ na nzacha mmiri nke Seldon Teknụzụ mepụtara. Nanomaterials membrane bioreactor (NMs-MBR), ọgbọ na-esote MBR, ka akwadoro maka ọgwụgwọ dị elu nke mmiri mkpofu. N'ebe a na-eme ka ikuku dị ọcha, a na-eji teknụzụ nano na-alụso mgbasa nke MERS ọgụ na ụlọ ọgwụ Saudi Arabia na 2012. A na-eji nanomaterials na teknụzụ mkpuchi nke oge a na nke mmadụ, n'oge gara aga, a chọtara ya na mkpuchi nke Asbestos. Dị ka ihe mgbakwunye mmanụ mmanu, ihe nano nwere ike ibelata esemokwu n'ime akụkụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ. Enwere ike ijikwa anisotropic nanoparticles na-agbakọta onwe ya nke a na-akpọ TriboTEX, rụkwaa akụkụ ndị eyighị na nke mebiri emebi. Etinyekwala ihe nanomaterials n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa. Ejila nanoparticles mineral dị ka titanium-oxide kwalite nchebe UV na mkpuchi anwụ. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ egwuregwu, a na-eji carbon nanotubes emepụta bat dị mfe iji kwalite arụmọrụ. Ngwa ọzọ dị na ndị agha, ebe ejirila nanoparticles pigmenti na-agagharị agagharị iji mepụta kamouflage dị irè karị. Enwere ike iji nanomaterials n'ime ngwa atọ-ụzọ-catalyst (TWC). Ndị ntụgharị TWC nwere uru nke ịchịkwa ikuku nitrogen oxides (NOx), nke bụ ihe mmalite maka mmiri ozuzo acid na smog. N'ụdị isi-shell, nanomaterials na-etolite shei dị ka ihe nkwado iji chebe ọla ndị mara mma dị ka palladium na rhodium. Ọrụ bụ isi bụ na enwere ike iji nkwado ndị na-ebu ihe ndị na-eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ, na-eme ka ha gbasaa nke ukwuu, na-ebelata ojiji nke ọla ndị mara mma, na-eme ka ọrụ ndị na-akpali akpali, na-emeziwanye ike n'ibu.
Synthesis
Ebumnuche nke usoro sịntetik ọ bụla maka nanomaterials bụ iwepụta ihe na-egosipụta akụrụngwa sitere na njirimara ogologo njirimara ha dị na nso nanometer (1 - 100 nm). N'ihi ya, usoro sịntetik kwesịrị igosipụta njikwa nha na oke a ka enwere ike nweta otu ihe ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ekewa ụzọ ndị ahụ ụzọ abụọ bụ isi, "ala elu" na "elu ala".
Ụzọ e si aga n'ala
Ụzọ ndị dị n'okpuru ala gụnyere ịchịkọta atọm ma ọ bụ molecule n'ime usoro nanostructured. N'ụzọ ndị a, isi mmalite akụrụngwa nwere ike ịbụ n'ụdị gas, mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike. Nke ikpeazụ chọrọ ụdị mgbasa tupu ejikọta ha na nanostructure. Ụzọ ndị dị n'okpuru ala na-adaba n'ụdị abụọ: ọgba aghara na njikwa.
Usoro ọgba aghara na-agụnye ibuli atom ma ọ bụ molecules mejupụtara ya gaa n'ọnọdụ ọgba aghara wee gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ na mberede ka ọ mee ka ọnọdụ ahụ kwụsie ike. Site na iji aghụghọ nke ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ọ bụla, ngwaahịa na-etolite n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi kinetics mkpuchi. The ọdịda si chaotic ala nwere ike isi ike ma ọ bụ na-agaghị ekwe omume ịchịkwa na otú ensemble ọnụ ọgụgụ na-achịkwa n'ihi na size nkesa na nkezi size. N'ihi ya, a na-achịkwa nhazi nke nanoparticle site na ijikwa ọnọdụ njedebe nke ngwaahịa. Ọmụmaatụ nke usoro ọgba aghara bụ ablation laser, waya na-agbawa agbawa, arc, pyrolysis ire ọkụ, combustion, na usoro nhazi mmiri ozuzo.
Usoro a na-achịkwa na-agụnye nnyefe a na-achịkwa nke atom ma ọ bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe mejupụtara na saịtị (s) nke nhazi nanoparticle nke na nanoparticle nwere ike itolite na nha ahaziri n'ụzọ a na-achịkwa. N'ozuzu, ọnọdụ nke atọm ma ọ bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe mejupụtara anaghị adị anya na nke achọrọ maka nhazi nanoparticle. N'ihi ya, a na-achịkwa nhazi nke nanoparticle site na njikwa nke steeti reactants. Ọmụmaatụ nke usoro a na-achịkwa bụ ihe na-egbochi uto uto nke onwe, ntinye kemịkalụ kemịkalụ nke onwe, usoro laser femtosecond pulse, osisi na microbial obibia na molecular beam epitaxy.
Ụzọ ndị dị n'elu ala
Ụzọ mgbada n'elu na-eji ụfọdụ 'ike' (dịka n'ike igwe, laser) imebi nnukwu ihe n'ime nanoparticles. Ụzọ na-ewu ewu na-agụnye nkwụsịtụ n'ibu nnukwu ihe n'ime nanomaterials bụ 'egwe ọka'. E wezụga nke ahụ, enwere ike ime nanoparticles site na ablation laser nke na-etinye laser pulse dị mkpụmkpụ (dịka femtosecond laser) iji kpochapụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ (siri ike).
Njirimara
Mmetụta ọhụrụ nwere ike ime n'ime ihe mgbe a na-emepụta ihe owuwu ya na nha nha na nke ọ bụla n'ime ọtụtụ akpịrịkpa ogologo oge, dị ka de Broglie wavelength nke electrons, ma ọ bụ ogologo wavelengths anya nke foton ike dị elu. N'ọnọdụ ndị a quantum n'ibu mmetụta nwere ike na-achịkwa ihe onwunwe. Otu ihe atụ bụ njide quantum ebe a na-agbanwe akụrụngwa eletrọnịkị nke ihe siri ike yana mbelata oke nha. Njirimara anya nke nanoparticles, dịka ọmụmaatụ. fluorescence, na-aghọkwa ọrụ nke urughuru dayameta. Mmetụta a anaghị abata site na isi na macrosocopic gaa na akụkụ micrometer, mana a na-akpọpụta ya mgbe ọ ruru nanometer.
Na mgbakwunye na ngwa anya na eletrọnịkị, akụrụngwa akụrụngwa nke ọtụtụ nanomaterials bụ isiokwu nke nyocha nanomechanics. Mgbe agbakwunyere na nnukwu ihe, nanoparticles nwere ike imetụta akụrụngwa akụrụngwa nke ihe ahụ, dị ka isi ike ma ọ bụ ngbanwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịkwado polymers ọdịnala site na nanoparticles (dị ka carbon nanotubes) na-ebute ihe ọhụrụ nke enwere ike iji dị ka ihe ngbanwe dị arọ maka ọla. Ngwakọta ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ime ka mbelata ịdị arọ na-esonyere mmụba nke nkwụsi ike na ịrụ ọrụ ka mma.
N'ikpeazụ, nanostructured ihe na obere urughuru size, dị ka zeolites na asbestos, na-eji dị ka catalysts na a dịgasị iche iche nke oké egwu ulo oru chemical mmeghachi omume. Nkwalite mmepe nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike bụrụ ntọala nke usoro kemịkalụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Enwere usoro ọdịnala emepụtara na narị afọ nke 20 na interface yana sayensị colloid maka njirimara nanomaterials. A na-eji ihe ndị a eme ihe maka ọgbọ mbụ nanomaterials na-agafe agafe akọwapụtara na ngalaba na-esote.
Ụzọ ndị a na-agụnye ọtụtụ dị iche iche usoro maka characterizing urughuru size nkesa. Nkọwapụta nke a dị mkpa n'ihi na ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-atụ anya na ha ga-abụ nano na-agbakọta na ngwọta. Ụfọdụ ụzọ dabere na ịgbasa ọkụ. Ndị ọzọ na-etinye ultrasound, dị ka ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy maka ịnwale nano-dispersions na microemulsions na-etinye uche.
Enwekwara otu usoro ọdịnala maka ịkọwa ụgwọ elu ma ọ bụ ikike zeta nke nano-particles na ngwọta. Achọrọ ozi a maka nkwụsi ike sistemụ kwesịrị ekwesị, na-egbochi mkpokọta ya ma ọ bụ flocculation. Ụzọ ndị a na-agụnye microelectrophoresis, ọkụ ọkụ electrophoretic, na electroacoustics. Nke ikpeazụ, dị ka ọmụmaatụ colloid vibration usoro dị ugbu a dabara adaba maka ịkọwapụta sistemu gbadoro ụkwụ.
Lawrence Mukomberanwa
Lawrence Mukomberanwa (a mụrụ ya n'afọ 1976) bụ onye Zimbabwe na-akpụ ihe.
North-East Development Commission
North-East Development Commission bụ kọmishọn na Naijiria hiwere iji wughachi akụrụngwa na ụlọ ọrụ ndị Boko Haram mebiri na North-S ya East (NE) Naijiria. Kọmishọn a na-ahụ maka ọrụ na Borno, Adamawa, Bauchi, Taraba, Gombe na Yobe steeti.
Nanomaterials
Ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ
Nnyocha a na-aga n'ihu egosila na ihe eji arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịdịgasị iche na nanomaterials ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu ihe. Nanomaterials nwere nnukwu ihe eji arụ ọrụ n'ihi oke olu, elu na nha nha nke nanoparticles. A na-ahụ nke a mgbe a na-agbakwunye nanoparticles na ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị, nanomaterial na-eme ka ọka na-eme ka ọka na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ intergranular na intragranular na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ọka dịkwuo mma na ya mere ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe. [nke a chọrọ] Nrụzi oke oke ọka na-enye ike site n'ịbawanye nrụgide a chọrọ iji mee ka mgbaji intergranular ma ọ bụ transgranular. Otu ihe atụ a na-ahụkarị ebe enwere ike ịhụ nke a bụ mgbakwunye nano Silica na ciment, nke na-eme ka ike nkwụsị ahụ dịkwuo mma, ike mkpakọ, na ike na-ehulata site na usoro ndị a kpọtụrụ aha. Nghọta nke akụrụngwa ndị a ga-eme ka ojiji nke nanoparticles na ngwa akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche dị ka injinia elu, tribology, nanomanufacturing, na nanofabrication.
Lawrence Mukomberanwa
Nwa Nicholas Mukomberanwa, Lawrence (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asupe Laurence) na nna ya rụkọrọ ọrụ site na nwata ya. Ọ gara n'ihu na-akpụ ihe mgbe ọ na-azụ ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anya ụgbọelu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọhịa ruo afọ ole na ole tupu ọ tụgharịa gaa n'ịkpụ ihe oge niile. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi Europe.
Nanomaterials
Ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ
Usoro eji eme ihe:
Lawrence Mukomberanwa
Ọrụ
Mukomberanwa bụ onye otu ezinụlọ Mukomberanwa nke ndị na-akpụ ihe. Ọ bụ nwa nke ọgbọ mbụ Shona art sculptors Grace Mukomberanwa na Nicholas Mukomberanwa. Mukomberanwa bụ nwanne Anderson, Tendai, Taguma, Netsai, na Ennica Mukomberanwa, na nwa nwanne nne Nesbert Mukomberanwa, ha niile bụ ndị na-akpụ ihe.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nanomaterials
Ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ
Steinitz na 1943 jiri usoro ntinye micro-indentation iji nwalee ike nke microparticles, ma ugbu a nanoindentation ejirila nanoindentation tụọ ihe na-agbanwe nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị ka ọkwa 5-micron. A na-ejikarị usoro iwu ndị a gbakọọ njirimara arụ ọrụ nke nanoparticles site na teknụzụ ike microscopy (AFM). Iji tụọ modul na-agbanwe; A na-enweta data ntinye aka site na AFM na-atụgharị n'ike-n'ike n'ike ka a na-atụgharị n'ọgba aghara ike. A na-eji iwu Hooke iji chọpụta nrụrụ cantilever na ịdị omimi nke ọnụ, na n'ikpeazụ, enwere ike dee akara nrụgide dị ka:
Naija News
thumb|Naija News logo Naija News bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ dị n'ịntanetị na Naijiria. Ọ bụ Opemipo Olawale Adeniyi malitere ya na 2016.
Nanomaterials
Ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ
P=k (ẟc - ẟc0)
Naija News
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere Naija News na 2016 na Polance Media Limited. N'afọ 2021, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kwagara ịsị ụlọ ọrụ ya na Ikoyi na Lagos.
Onyinye
Na Jụn 2019, a malitere ngalaba akụkọ n'asụsụ Hausa iji jeere ụwa na-asụ asụsụ Hausa ozi na Nigeria, Ghana, Niger na ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ Hausa na West Africa. Akụkọ akụkọ ahụ nwekwara ọrụ, 'EcoWatch' nke na-ekpuchi mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Nanomaterials
Ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ
ẟc0 : deflection ofset
AFM na-enye anyị ohere ịnweta ihe oyiyi dị elu nke ọtụtụ ụdị elu ebe enwere ike iji ọnụ nke cantilever nweta ozi gbasara ihe eji arụ ọrụ. A na-ejikwa ihe ngosi kọmpụta na-aga nke ọma iji nwalee tiori na imeju ọmụmụ nnwale. Usoro kọmpụta a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ simulation molecular dynamics, nke na-eji nha nhagharị nke newton maka atom ma ọ bụ molecules dị na sistemụ. A na-eji usoro ndị ọzọ dị ka usoro nyocha ozugbo iji chọpụta njirimara nrapado nke nanomaterials. Ma usoro na ịme anwansị jikọtara ya na microscope elektrọn nnyefe (TEM) na usoro AFM iji nye nsonaazụ.
Njirimara akụrụngwa nke klas nanomaterials nkịtị:
Crystalline metal nanomaterials: Dislocations bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-enye aka maka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime nanomaterials yiri nnukwu ihe kristal. N'agbanyeghị echiche ọdịnala nke enweghị dislocations na nanomaterials. Ramos, ibuo ọrụ egosila na ekweghị ekwe nke gold nanoparticles bụ nnọọ elu karịa ha nnukwu ogbo, dị ka e nwere stacking mmejọ na dislocations akpụ na-arụ ọrụ multiple ike usoro na ihe. Site na nnwale ndị a, nyocha ndị ọzọ egosila na site na usoro nanoindentation, ike ihe; nrụgide mkpakọ, na-abawanye n'okpuru mkpakọ na mbelata urughuru size, n'ihi nucleating dislocations. A hụla mgbapụ ndị a site na iji usoro TEM, yana nanoindentation. Silicon nanoparticles ike na ike siri ike dị okpukpu anọ karịa uru nke nnukwu ihe onwunwe. Nguzogide nrụgide etinyere nwere ike ịpụta na ntụpọ ahịrị dị n'ime akụkụ ahụ yana mgbakasị ahụ nke na-enye ike nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke nanomaterial. Ọzọkwa, mgbakwunye nke nanoparticles na-ewusi matriks ike n'ihi na ntụtụ nke irighiri ihe na-egbochi uto ọka. Nke a na-eme ka ọka ahụ dịkwuo mma, ya mere na-eme ka ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ dịkwuo mma. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụghị mgbakwunye niile nke nanomaterials na-eduga na mmụba nke akụrụngwa dịka ọmụmaatụ nano-Cu. Ma nke a na-ekwu na ihe ndị dị n'ime ya bụ ihe na-esighị ike karịa matriks.
Nanowires na nanotubes:  Moduli na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ụfọdụ nanowires ya bụ lead na silver, na-ebelata na dayameta na-abawanye. Ejikọtala nke a na nrụgide elu, oyi akwa oxidation, na nhụsianya elu. Agbanyeghị, omume na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ZnO nanowires anaghị emetụta nsonaazụ elu mana ihe mgbaji ha na-eme. Yabụ, ọ dabere na omume ihe onwunwe yana njikọ ha.
Ihe kpatara na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa nke nanomaterials ka bụ isiokwu na-ekpo ọkụ maka nyocha bụ na ịlele akụrụngwa akụrụngwa nke nanoparticles onye ọ bụla bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya, gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe njikwa. Ka o sina dị, a na-eji microscopy ike Atomiki eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe iji tụọ ihe arụrụ arụ nke nanomaterials.
Ịrapara na ịfụkọta nke nanoparticles
Mgbe ị na-ekwu maka ntinye nke ntinye ihe na esemokwu na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta nsonaazụ nke ngwa ahụ. Ya mere, ọ dị oke mkpa ịhụ ka nha ihe si metụtakwa akụrụngwa ndị a. Ọzọ, AFM bụ usoro a na-ejikarị iji tụọ ihe ndị a na iji chọpụta ike nrapado nke nanoparticles na elu ọ bụla siri ike, yana usoro nyocha colloidal na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe. Ọzọkwa, ndị agha na-ekere òkè na-enye ndị a nrapado Njirimara nanomaterials bụ ma electrostatic agha, VdW, capillary agha, Solvation agha, Ọdịdị ike, wdg Achọpụtara na mgbakwunye na nke nanomaterials na nnukwu ihe substantially enwekwu ha nrapado ike. site n'ịbawanye ike ha site na usoro njikọ dị iche iche. Akụkụ Nanomaterials na-abịaru nso efu, nke pụtara na akụkụ dị nta nke elu ihe ahụ na atom n'ozuzu na-abawanye.
Tinyere mmetụta dị n'elu, mmegharị nke nanoparticles na-ekerekwa òkè n'ịkọpụta akụrụngwa ha dị ka ike ịkpacha ihe. Enwere ike ịhụ mmegharị nke ụmụ irighiri ihe n'okpuru TEM. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ahụ omume mmegharị nke MoS2 nanoparticles dynamic kọntaktị ozugbo n'ọnọdụ nke butere nkwubi okwu na fullerenes nwere ike ịkpacha osisi site na ịtụgharị ma ọ bụ sliding. Agbanyeghị, ilele ihe ndị a bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya ọzọ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe na-enye aka.
Ntinye aka na Mechanical Properties:
· mmanu mmanu
· Nrụpụta Nano
· Akpụkpọ ahụ
Ịdị n'otu
Nhazi kemịkalụ na njikọ nke akụrụngwa teknụzụ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu maka ngalaba nzuzo, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ndị agha chọrọ iji seramiki dị ọcha dị elu, polymera, ceramics glass, na ihe mejupụtara. Na condensed ozu kpụrụ si ezi powders, ndị oge ufodu nha na shapes nke nanoparticles na a ahụkarị ntụ ntụ na-eduga na-abụghị uwe mbukota morphologies na-eme ka mbukota njupụta ọdịiche na ntụ ntụ kọmpat.
Agglomeration na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nke powders n'ihi mma van der Waals agha nwekwara ike ime ka ịrị elu inhomogeneities microstructural. Nrụgide dị iche iche nke na-etolite n'ihi nkwụsị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-ejikọta ya na ọnụego nke enwere ike iwepụ ihe mgbaze, ma si otú a dabere na nkesa nke porosity. Ejikọtala nrụgide ndị dị otú ahụ na mgbanwe rọba na-na-agbaji agba n'ime ahụ gbakọrọ ọnụ, ma nwee ike ịmalite ịgbawa n'ime ahụ ọkụ na-adịghị ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na a naghị ahụ ya.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbanwe ọ bụla na njupụta njupụta na kọmpat dị ka a na-akwado ya maka kiln na-emekarị ka ọ dịkwuo elu n'oge usoro nsị, na-emepụta densification na-adịghị mma. Ụfọdụ pores na ntụpọ nhazi ndị ọzọ jikọtara ya na njupụta dị iche iche egosiwo na ha na-ekere òkè na-emerụ ahụ na usoro nsị site na-eto eto ma si otú ahụ na-amachi njedebe njedebe. Esemokwu dị iche iche na-esite na densification inhomogeneous egosiwokwa na ọ na-ebute mgbasa nke mgbawa dị n'ime, si otú ahụ ghọọ mmejọ na-achịkwa ike.
Ya mere, ọ ga-adị ka ihe na-achọsi ike ịhazi ihe n'ụzọ na ọ bụ otu anụ ahụ n'ihe gbasara nkesa nke akụkụ na porosity, kama iji nkesa nha nha nke ga-eme ka njupụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dịkwuo elu. The containment nke a uniformly chụsasịrị nzukọ nke ike mmekọrịta ụmụ irighiri ihe na nkwusioru chọrọ ngụkọta akara n'elu urughuru-urughuru mmekọrịta. A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dispersants dị ka ammonium citrate (aqueous) na imidazoline ma ọ bụ oleyl mmanya (nonaqueous) na-ekwe nkwa ngwọta dị ka enwere ike mgbakwunye maka enwekwukwa dispersion na deagglomeration. Monodisperse nanoparticles na colloid na-enye ikike a.
Nanomaterials na isiokwu, patent, na ngwaahịa
The quantitative analysis nke nanomaterials gosiri na nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanocrystalline ihe, nanocomposites, na graphene e kwuru na 400000, 181000, 144000, 140000, na 119000 ISI-indexed isiokwu, dị ka patent,8 Sept20. nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanocomposites, graphene, na nanowires ekerewo òkè na patent 45600, 32100, 12700, 12500, na 11800, n'otu n'otu. Nleba anya ihe dị ka ngwaahịa nano dabere na azụmahịa 7000 dị na ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ gosipụtara na ejirila nanoparticles enyere ma ọ bụ kwalite akụrụngwa nke ihe dị ka ngwaahịa 2330. Liposomes, nanofibers, nanocolloids, na aerogels sokwa na nanomaterials a na-ahụkarị na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa.
Ndị European Union Observatory for Nanomaterials (EUON) ewepụtala nchekwa data (NanoData) nke na-enye ozi gbasara patent, ngwaahịa, na akwụkwọ nyocha akọwapụtara na nanomaterials.
Ntuziaka nke World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) bipụtara ntụziaka maka ichekwa ndị ọrụ site n'ihe ize ndụ nke nanomaterials emepụtara na njedebe nke 2017. WHO jiri usoro nlezianya mee ihe dịka otu n'ime ụkpụrụ nduzi ya. Nke a pụtara na a ga-ebelata ikpughe, n'agbanyeghị ejighị n'aka maka mmetụta ahụike dị njọ, mgbe enwere ezi uche na-egosi ime ya. Emepụtara nke a site na ọmụmụ sayensị na nso nso a nke na-egosipụta ikike nke nanoparticles ịgafe ihe mgbochi cell na imekọrịta ihe n'ụdị cellular. Na mgbakwunye, usoro nchịkwa nke njikwa bụ ụkpụrụ nduzi dị mkpa. Nke a pụtara na mgbe enwere nhọrọ n'etiti usoro nchịkwa, usoro ndị ahụ dị nso na mgbọrọgwụ nke nsogbu ahụ kwesịrị ka a na-ahọrọ mgbe niile karịa usoro ndị na-etinye ibu dị ukwuu n'ahụ ndị ọrụ, dị ka iji personal protective equipment (PPE). WHO nyere ọrụ nyocha usoro maka ihe niile dị mkpa iji nyochaa ọnọdụ sayensị dị ugbu a yana ịkọwa ndụmọdụ dịka usoro e depụtara na akwụkwọ ntuziaka WHO maka mmepe ntuziaka. Enyere ndụmọdụ ndị a dị ka "siri ike" ma ọ bụ "ọnọdụ" dabere na ogo nke akaebe sayensị, ụkpụrụ na mmasị, yana ọnụ ahịa metụtara nkwanye ahụ.
Ntuziaka WHO nwere aro ndị a maka njikwa dị nchebe nke nanomaterials arụpụtara (MNMs)
A. Nyochaa ihe ize ndụ ahụike nke MNMs
B. Nyochaa mmeghe nke MNMs
C. Nchịkwa ikpughe na MNMs
Maka nleba anya ahụike WHO enweghị ike ịnye ndụmọdụ maka mmemme onyunyo ahụike akọwapụtara nke MNM maka mmemme onyunyo ahụike dị adị nke ejirila n'ihi enweghị ihe akaebe. WHO na-ewere ọzụzụ nke ndị ọrụ na ndị ọrụ itinye aka na ahụike na nchekwa dị ka omume kachasị mma mana enweghị ike ịkwado otu ụdị ọzụzụ nke ndị ọrụ karịa nke ọzọ, ma ọ bụ otu ụdị ntinye aka nke onye ọrụ karịa nke ọzọ, n'ihi enweghị ọmụmụ ihe dị. A na-atụ anya na a ga-enwe ọganihu dị ukwuu na usoro nha nha na nyocha ihe egwu na WHO na-atụ anya imelite ụkpụrụ nduzi ndị a n'ime afọ ise, na 2022.[chọrọ mmelite]
Ntuziaka ndị ọzọ
N'ihi na nanotechnology bụ mmepe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, mmetụta ahụike na nchekwa nke ikpughe na nanomaterials, na ọkwa nke mkpughe nwere ike ịnakwere, bụ isiokwu nke nyocha na-aga n'ihu. N'ime ihe egwu ndị enwere ike, ikpughe iku ume na-egosi na ọ na-ebute nchegbu kachasị. Ọmụmụ anụmanụ na-egosi na carbon nanotubes na carbon nanofibers nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta akpa ume gụnyere mbufụt, granulomas, na pulmonary fibrosis, nke nwere ikike yiri nke ahụ ma ọ bụ karịa ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ a maara nke fibrogenic dị ka silica, asbestos, na ultrafine carbon black. Mkpughe ikuku ume nke anụ ahụ dị mma na nanomaterials inorganic na-emebi emebi egosipụtabeghị nnukwu mmetụta nsi. Ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ókè data anụmanụ nwere ike ibu amụma mmetụta ngụgụ ụlọ ọgwụ na ndị ọrụ na-amaghị, nsí a na-ahụ n'ime ihe ọmụmụ ụmụ anụmanụ na-adịru nwa oge na-egosi mkpa ọ dị maka nchebe maka ndị ọrụ kpughere nanomaterials ndị a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị akụkọ banyere mmetụta ahụike dị njọ n'ezie. N'ime ndị ọrụ na-eji ma ọ bụ na-emepụta nanomaterials ndị a bụ nke a maara dị ka nke 2013. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-echegbu gụnyere akpụkpọ anụ na ikpughe ingestion, na ihe egwu mgbawa uzuzu.
Mwepụ na ngbanwe bụ ụzọ kacha mma maka njikwa ihe egwu. Ọ bụ ezie na nanomaterials n'onwe ha enweghị ike ikpochapụ ma ọ bụ dochie ya na ihe ndị a na-emekarị, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhọrọ njirimara nke nanoparticle dị ka nha, ọdịdị, ịrụ ọrụ, ụgwọ elu, solubility, agglomeration, na aggregation steeti iji melite njirimara toxicological mgbe ị na-ejigide chọrọ ọrụ. Enwere ike imezi usoro njikwa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji nanomaterial slurry ma ọ bụ nkwusioru n'ime ihe mgbaze mmiri kama ịbụ ntụ ntụ ga-ebelata ikpughe uzuzu. Njikwa injinia bụ mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'ebe ọrụ na-ekewapụ ndị ọrụ n'ihe egwu, ọkachasị sistemu ikuku dị ka mkpuchi anwụrụ ọkụ, igbe mkpuchi, igbe biosafety, na mkpuchi nguzozi ewepụtara. Njikwa nchịkwa bụ mgbanwe n'omume ndị ọrụ iji belata ihe egwu, gụnyere ọzụzụ gbasara omume kachasị mma maka njikwa nchekwa, nchekwa na mkpofu nanomaterials, ịmara nke ọma maka ihe egwu site na ịde aha na akara ịdọ aka ná ntị, na ịgba ume omenala nchekwa ọha. A ghaghị iyi akụrụngwa nchedo onwe onye n'ahụ onye ọrụ ma bụrụ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka ịchịkwa ihe egwu. Akụrụngwa nchedo onwe onye nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka kemịkalụ a na-ahụkarị dịkwa mma maka nanomaterials, gụnyere ogologo ogologo ọkpa, uwe ogologo aka, na akpụkpọ ụkwụ mechiri emechi, na iji uwe nchekwa, enyo enyo, na uwe ụlọ nyocha na-adịghị mma. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ enwere ike iji ihe iku ume.
Kọleji nke Mmụta Nwafor Orizu
Kọleji nke Mmụta Nwafor Orizu dị na steeti Anambra, Naijiria hiwere na 1976. A na-akpọbu ya Kọleji nke Mmụta Nsugbe. Akpọrọ ya aha onye isi oche onye isi ala nke abụọ nke Naijiria, Abyssinia Akweke Nwafor Orizu.
Nanomaterials
Ntuziaka ndị ọzọ
Nchọpụta Nanoscale
Kọleji nke Mmụta Nwafor Orizu
Na Julaị 12, 2018, Dr Tony Nwoye kwadoro ụgwọ maka nkwalite kọleji agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Mmụta Federal.
Nanomaterials
Ntuziaka ndị ọzọ
Nanotechnology anọwo na-eme akụkọ akụkọ na ngalaba ahụike, na-ahụ maka onyonyo biomedical. Njirimara ngwa anya pụrụ iche, magnetik na kemịkalụ nke ihe dị na nha Nano ekwela ka mmepe nke nyocha onyonyo nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị ka nkwalite ọdịiche ka mma, ozi gbasara ohere ka mma, nkesa bio nke a na-achịkwa, yana onyonyo ọtụtụ ụdị n'ofe ngwaọrụ nyocha dị iche iche. Mmepe ndị a enweela uru dị ka inwe ike ịchọpụta ebe etuto na mbufụt dị, nyocha ziri ezi nke ọganihu ọrịa, na ọgwụ ahaziri onwe ya.
Young Chop
Tyree Lamar Pittman (amụrụ na Nọvemba 14, 1993), nke a maara nkè ọma site na aha egwu ya bụ Young Chop, bụ ónyé America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, onye na-eti egwu, na onye na-ede egwu. N'afọ 2012, ọ nwetara nkwado zuru oke n'ime ọbọdọ hip hop America màkà ịmepụta egwu Chief Keef "I Don't Like", "Love Sosa", na "3Hunna". O weputara abọm studio mbụ ya Precious na 2013, guzobe akara nke ya, Chop Squad Records, wee wepụta abọm Still n'afọ sochirinụ. Young Chop, ya na Chief Keef, onye nwụrụ anwụ Fredo Santana, na ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị otu Chicago a na-akpọ 3hunna, na-eme egwu egwu nke ha na-emekarị rap banyéré ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ, ngwá agha, na ụdị ndụ ha. [isi iyi a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya? <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">]
Ndụ na ọrụ
Pittman tolitere na South Side nkè Chicago, Illinois. Pittman malitere ịkụ ọkpọ mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na otu site n'enyemaka nke nwa nwanne ya. Ọ zutere Chief Keef na Facebook wee gaa n'ihu mepụta ọtụtụ egwu ya. Pittman so n'otu ndị otu mmepụta a na-akpọ BandKamp nke na-agụnye ónyé mmepụta na ónyé isi oche BandKamp, Paris Beuller na ónyé na-arụ ọrụ WaldooBeatz, Chief Keef's Back From The Dead bụ mixtape mbụ ọ mepụtara. Pittman malitere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya akara nke ya nke a na-akpọ Chop Squad. Ọ malitekwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ a na-akpọ SoundKitWiz.com, ebe nrụọrụ nrụọrụ weebụ na-emepụta egwu n'ịntanetị ebe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị injinia nwere ike ịzụta injinia ọdịyo na ngwaahịa metụtara mmepụta egwu. Akara onye na-emepụta ya bụ "Young Chop On the Beat", nke nwa nwanne ya nwoke dị afọ anọ kwuru.
Arụmụka
N'ọnwa Eprel 2020, Pittman bulite vidiyo na Instagram nke ọ na-agba égbè n'èzí ụlọ ya mgbè ndị mmadụ nọ n'èran na-akpọ aha ya. N'April 5, 2020, Pittman nọ na-asọ na Instagram Live ka ọ na-achọ onye na-eti egwu na Atlanta 21 Savage. Pittman akpọworị 21 Savage n'ihu ọha ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ihe ahụ emee. Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụgbọala Uber na-ebu ya, Pittman kwùrù na a gbagburu ụgbọala ahụ, na-egosi ihe nkírí nke ugegbe gbajiri agbaji dị ka ihe akaebe.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ndepụta ndị egwuregwu
Ndepụta Ndị egwuregwu bụ ndepụta ndị egwuregwu ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla metụtara egwuregwu na mmemme egwuregwu.
<Small>Nke a bụ ndepụta ezughị ezu, ị nwere ike itinyekwu édémédé egwuregwu na ndepụta à
Òtù:Egwuregwu
Alice Chelangat
Alice Kimetto Chelangat (amụrụ na 27 na onwa Disemba, na afọ 1976 na Kericho) bụ onye Kenya na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge nke bụ ọkachamara na ọsọ marathon.
Akụkọ ndụ
Ọ nọchitere anya mba ya na ihe omume ahụ na afọ 2004 Olympic Games. Ọ na-asọ mpi na ịgba ọsọ mba ma merie ihe nrite ọlaọcha nke otu na Kenya na afọ 2006 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.
Ọ bụ onye mmeri ugboro abụọ nke Rock 'n' Roll San Diego Marathon ma merie Milan Marathon na Florence Marathon na Ịtali. Ihe kacha mma ya maka ọsọ marathon bụ 2:26:36 awa, nke e debere na 2001.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Toyin Raji
Toyin Enitan Raji Listen (amụrụ ya n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1972) ọ bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke e chiri okpueze kacha mma na Naijiria ma nọchite anya mba ya na Miss Universe 1995. A zụlitere ya na Legọsi. Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Turai Yar'Adua
Hajiya Turai Umar Musa Yar'Adua (amụrụ ya na 26 Jụlai  afọ 1957) bụ nwaanyị di ya nwụrụ nke bubu onye isiala nke Naijiria bubu Katsina Steeti gọvanọ Umaru Musa Yar'Adua. Ọ bụ Nwanyị mbụ nke Naijiria site na 2007 ruo ọnwụ nke di ya, onye isiala Yar'Adua, na Mee 5, 2010.
Chinyere Kalu
Chinyere Kalu, MFR (onye aha nna ya bụ Onyenucheya) bụ nwanyị Naijiria mbụ n'ọrụ ọkwọ ụgbọelu na nwanyị mbụ kwọrọ ụgbọelu na Naijiria. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka rektọ na onye isi nkuzi nke "Nigerian College of Aviation Technology" site n'ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2011 ruo na Febụwarị afọ 2014.
Ndụ
Nwaafọ Akwete,nke Ukwa East LGA dị n'Abia State, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Nigeria" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Eastern Nigeria" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="33">Eastern Nigeria</a>, Kalu tolitere n'okpuru nlekọta nne ya mgbe nne na nna ya kewara. O tolitere na nnukwu ezinụlọ na-akwado ya. O kpebiri ị malite ọrụ ya n'ihe gbasara ụgbọelu n'ihi nwanne nne nna ya, nke a ma ama maka njem mba ofesi. Ọ nwere agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Anglican Girls Grammar School,dị na Yaba,na Legos Steeti, tupu ọ gaa ọzụzụ dịka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu azụmahịa n'afọ 1978 na Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Zaria n'okpuru SP.12 Batch. O mechara were ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ụgbọelu na ụgbọ njem na United Kingdom ma n'Amerịka tupu ọ nata akwụkwọ ikike ya dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu azụmahịa n'ụbọchị nke 20 n'ọnwa Mee nke afọ 1981, site na Nigerian College of Aviation Technology //. N’ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2011, onye isi ala Goodluck Jonathan họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ rektọ na onye isi nkuzi nke Nigerian College of Aviation Technology. N’ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014,bụ Captain Samuel Caulcrick nọchiri anya ya.
Turai Yar'Adua
Mmụta
Turai Yar'Adua gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Garama na Katsina na gọvụmentị Secondary School dị na Kankia, ha abụọ dị na steeti Katsina. O mechara debanye aha na Katsina College of Arts, Science and Technology na Zaria, Kaduna steeti, ebe a na-akọ na a kpọrọ ya "nwa akwụkwọ kachasị mma" n'afọ 1980. N’afọ 1983, Yar’adua nwetara akara ugo mmụta okokporo na asụsụ ya na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello.
Anton van Wouw
thumb|329x329px|Anton van Wouw na Rome, c. 1896 - 1899 Anton van Wouw (úbọchị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 1862 rụọ úbọchị irí atọ n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 1945) bụ onye Dutch amụrụ na South Africa na-akpụ ihe a na-ewere dị ka nna nke ihe ọkpụkpụ South Africa.
Turai Yar'Adua
Ndụ onwe
Na Septemba afọ 2007, Turai bụ ọbịa na inye ikike ịnwe ụlọ ọrụ Mobility Aid na Braille Center dị n’Akure, Ondo Steeti. Ọ bụ otu ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nke gọvụmentị ha were ụlọ ọrụ aka ọrụ bụ Handicapped Education Foundation (HANDEF) onye tọrọ ntọala bụ Olufunke  Agagu, onye bụzị Nwanyị mbụ  nke Ondo Steeti. Ndị ọzọ sonyere na mmemme ahụ bụ nwunye osote onye isi ala, Patience Jonathan, na ndị nwunye ọtụtụ ndị gọvanọ steeti ndị ọzọ.
Anton van Wouw
Akụkọ ndụ
Van Wouw kpebiri ịkwaga obodo na-emepe emepe nke Pretoria ógè ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na asatọ ma chere afọ iri iji nweta ọrụ izizi ya. Nke a sitere n'aka onye na-ahụ n'ihe gbasara ego Sammy Marks iji mepụta nnukwu ihe oyiyi nke Paul Kruger, nke guzo na Church Square.
Turai Yar'Adua
Ndụ onwe
A nụrụ asịrị na Turai bụ otu n'ime ndị ndụmọdụ kacha di diya nso n'oge ọ bụ Onye isi ala nke Naijiria. Ọmụmaatụ, Yar'Adua kwenyere na ọ metụtara nhọrọ Prọfesọ Babatunde Osotimehin, onye bụbu Director General nke National Action Committee on AIDS, dịka Minista Ahụike Naịjirịa n'oge ọchịchị di ya.
Anton van Wouw
Akụkọ ndụ
N'oge ọ nọrọ n'ọzara, ọ zụlitere nnukwu mmasị n'ihe banyere mba Boer. Nke a metụtakwara mmepe nka ya nke ukwuu. Ọ chọpụtara na mgba na olileanya nke ndị a na nkwa a gosipụtara na ọrụ ya. thumb|Anton van Wouw House, Pretoria Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-anọchite anya ya, na-ejide isi ihe siri ike na mmetụta uche nke ndị ọ na-achị. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya kachasị ama bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nwanyị eji mee ihe na Women's Monument dị nso na Bloemfontein. Ya na onye na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Frans Soff rụkọrọ ọrụ na nke a. Ọ bụkwa ya na-ahụ maka ihe banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma nke nwanyị tinyere na Voortrekker Monument dị nso na Pretoria, ihe oyiyi dị ike nke General Christiaan de Wet na ihe oyiyi nke Louis Botha na Durban.
Turai Yar'Adua
Ebe m si nwete
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Category:Nwaanyi ndọro ndọrọ ọchịchị
Iweghachi Mgbukpọ
Rewriting Extinction bụ mkpọsa ọnwa iri na abụọ zuru ụwa ọnụ iji nweta ego na mmata maka ihu igwe na nsogbụ biodiversity site na ihe ọchị na vidiyo. A na-enye ego ahụ na ọrụ asaa a kapịrị ọnụ nke na-edozi nsogbụ dị íchè ichè nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na ebumnuche nke idozi ha n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ nke mkpọsa ahụ.
Anton van Wouw
Akụkọ ndụ
O gosikwara ụmụ amaala na n'etiti ntakịrị ihe ọkpụkpụ ndị a, enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya kachasị mma. Ha adịchaghị mma karịa ọrụ ya buru ibu ma na-adọrọ mmasị n'ọdịdị ihu ha doro anya na ndụ.
Ọrụ
Nwanyị na Ụmụaka, emechara n'afọ 1938. Ihe oyiyi ọla nchara a na-asọpụrụ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị Voortrekker rụrụ na Great Trek bụ ọrụ ikpeazụ nke van Wouw. Ihe ọkpụkpụ ahụ dị na ntọala Voortrekker Monument na Pretoria, dị mita 4.1 n'ogologo ma dị arọ 2.5 ton. Ọ bụ Renzo Vignali mere ihe nkiri ahụ na Pretoria. Ihe nlereanya n'ihe banyere oyiyi ahụ bụ Cato Roorda ma ọ bụ Isabel Snyman dị ka nwanyị, Betty Wolk dị ka nwa agbọghọ na Joseph Goldstein dị ka nwa nwoke
Chinyere Kalu
Nhubaama
O bu onye otu Nigerian Women Achievers Hall of Fame ma burukwa onye otu <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Federal_Republic" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Order of the Federal Republic" class="cx-link" data-linkid="48">Order of the Federal Republic of Nigeria</a>, ọkwa nke e nyere ya n'afọ 2006.
Iweghachi Mgbukpọ
Ọrụ
Paul Goodenough guzobere Rewriting Extinction n'afọ 2019 ma bídó mkpọsa ahụ n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 2021. Ọ na-elekwasị anya na ndị mmadụ ka ukwuu na ihe ọchị, vidiyo na enyemaka nke ihe karịrị ndị na-akọ akụkọ narị atọ na ndị ama ama dịka Cara Delavingne, Richard Curtis, Ricky Gervais na Taika Waititi. A na-ejikọta mkpọsa ahụ na akwụkwọ The Most Important Comic Book on Earth: Stories to Save the World nke e wepụtara n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'ubochi iri abụo na asatọ n'afọ 2021. Akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere akụkọ 120 na ihe ọchị banyere ihu igwe na nsogbu biodiversity site na ihe karịrị ndị na-enye aka 300 gụnyere ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-ese ihe, ndị edemede, ndị na'eme ihe nkiri, ndị na na-eme ihe nkiri. A na-ewepụta ihe ọchị ahụ na-aga n'ihu ma sụgharịa ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ. A na-asụgharịkwa ya n' ọtụtụ asụsụ.
Chinyere Kalu
Nhubaama
Onyinye ndị ọzọ e nyere ya gụnyere African International Achievers Merit Award nke afọ 2007; Rare Gems Professional Achievements Award nke afọ 2007; na Nigeria's 50 Greatest Women of Democratic Administration of Ghana n'afọ 2012.
Iweghachi Mgbukpọ
Ọrụ
E wepụtara akwụkwọ na-eso ya, The Most Important Comic Book on Earth: Stories to Save the World, n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2021, e kere ya na ndị na-ese ihe na ndị ama ama yana ndị na-ahụ màkà gbụrụ-gbúrụ ébé obibi.
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
World Wind Energy Association (WWEA) bụ òtù mba ụwa na-enweghị uru na-anọchite anya ngalaba ike ifufe n'ụwa niile, yana ndị otu na mba 100, n'etiti ha bụ ndị isi mba na mpaghara ikuku. Nzukọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ maka nkwalite na itinye n'ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke teknụzụ ike ifufe ma na-akwado usoro ike n'ọdịnihu dabere na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe.
Chinyere Kalu
Ebe m si dee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiri bụ ọkwọ ụgbọelu Òtù:Ụmụ nanyị Naijiria bụ ndị Abia steeti
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
World Wind Energy Association
Type	NGO
Founded	2001 in Denmark
Headquarters	Bonn, Germany
Hon. Peter Rae (President)
Prof. Dr Jami Hossain (Vice President & Technical Chair)
Henrich Bartelt (Vice President)
Ibrahim Togola (Vice President)
Prof. Chuichi Arakawa (Vice President)
Ilu 1
Ilu 1 bụ isi nke mbụ nke Akwụkwọ Ilu na Bible Hibru ma ọ bụ Agba Ochie nke Bible Ndị Kraịst. [1] Akwụkwọ ahụ bụ nchịkọta nke ọtụtụ nchịkọta akwụkwọ amamihe, nke nwere isi na 1:1 nwere ike ịbụ iji were Solomọn dị ka onye edemede ọdịnala nke akwụkwọ ahụ dum, mana ụbọchị nke nchịkọta ọ bụla siri ike ikpebi, ma eleghị anya akwụkwọ ahụ nwetara ọdịdị ikpeazụ ya n'oge a chụgara ya. [2] Isiokwu a bụ akụkụ nke nchịkọta mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ.
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Stefan Gsänger (Secretary General)
Ilu 1
Ederede
E dere ihe odide mbụ ahụ n'asụsụ Hibru. E kewara isiakwụkwọ a n'amaokwu 33.
Ndi akaebe ederede
Ụfọdụ ihe odide ndị mbụ nwere ederede nke isi a na Hibru bụ nke Masoretic Text, nke gụnyere Aleppo Codex (narị afọ nke iri), na Codex Leningradensis (1008). [1] A chọtara akụkụ nke isi a n'asụsụ Hibru n'etiti Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ gụnyere 4Q102 (4QProva; 30 BCE - 30 CE) na amaokwu 27-33 dị ugbu a. [2] [3]
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Dr. Choong Yul Son (Hon Vice President)
Ilu 1
Ndi akaebe ederede
E nwekwara nsụgharị n'asụsụ Koine Greek nke a maara dị ka Septuagint, nke e mere na narị afọ ole na ole gara aga BC; ụfọdụ ihe odide oge ochie nke nsụgharị a gụnyere Codex Vaticanus (B; B; narị afọ nke anọ), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; narị afọnke anọ), na Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; narị afọ嘅 ise). [1]
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Dr. Tanay Uyar Sidki (Vice President)
Saado Ali Warsame
Saado Ali Warsame (Saado Cali Warsame, سادو علي ورسمه; 1950 – 23 July 2014) was a Somali-American singer-songwriter and politician. She served as a lawmaker in the Federal Parliament of Somalia representing Puntland State of Somalia. A prominent figure in traditional Somali music, her art and legislative work were centered on political and social justice. She was killed by Islamists in Mogadishu.
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Dr. Galal Osman (Vice President)
Saado Ali Warsame
Personal life
After the start of the civil war in Somalia in the early 1990s, Warsame moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota. She later resided for a while in St. Cloud.
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Dr. Andriy Konechenkov (Vice President)
Ilu 1
Mmalite okwu (1:1-7)
Akụkụ a na-enye ebumnuche na uru nke akwụkwọ ahụ dum, ọkachasị ntọala nke nkuzi ya. [1] A na-edepụta akụkụ ise nke nchịkọta ilu n'ozuzu ya n'amaokwu 1:2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 6a nke ngalaba mmeghe.
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
E hiwere World Wind Energy Association WWEA na 2001 dị ka nzukọ mba ụwa maka ịkwalite ike ifufe n'ụwa niile ma nwee nnọchiteanya zuru oke na mmasị na iji ike ifufe eme ihe n'ụwa. Ndị guzobere WWEA bụ njikọ ike ifufe nke mba n'ọtụtụ mba. Ndị otu ndị ọzọ gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ, ụlọ ọrụ sayensị, ụlọ nyocha, ndị ọkà mmụta, ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi nke ifufe, na ndị na-eweta ngwá ọrụ.
Saado Ali Warsame
Music
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Saadoaliw4.jpg/220px-Saadoaliw4.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Saado Ali Warsame performing at a Somali community event organized in her honour (2011). Warsame was a prominent figure in traditional Somali music. Her art was noted for its emphasis on political and social justice, as well as nationalism and romantic love. She often made use of satire, metaphor and historical allusions to convey complex themes in an understandable manner.
Ilu 1
Izere ndị ajọ mmadụ (1:8-19)
Akụkụ a nwere nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ ntụziaka site n'aka "nna nye nwa ya nwoke" n'ime akwụkwọ Ilu. [1] Njirimara nke ntụziaka ndị a bụ: [2]
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Ndị otu
E nwere ụdị ndị otu dị iche iche:
Ilu 1
Izere ndị ajọ mmadụ (1:8-19)
N'adịghị ka omume a na-emekarị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ amamihe nke Ijipt na Babilọn, nke nwere ọnọdụ ntụziaka yiri nke onye nkuzi na ụmụ akwụkwọ, ọdịiche dị n'etiti nna na nne (cf. amaokwu 8) na-egosi na ntụziaka dị n'akwụkwọ Ilu nwere ike ịnwe ọnọdụ ntụziụ ndị nne na nna n'ụlọ. [1] Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-echetara mgbe niile ikike nne na nna, okwu mkpali na-arịọkarị maka ezi uche mmadụ karịa ọrụ irube isi na nne na nna. [2]
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Ndị otu
WWEA nwere ihe karịrị ndị otu 600 na ihe karịrị mba 100 sitere na kọntinent niile (dị ka Nọvemba 2019).
Saado Ali Warsame
Music
Warsame's song "Laand Karuusar" criticized kleptocracy in the ruling military junta. She also blamed incompetent management for infrastructural dilapidation of Mogadishu's then two five-star hotels, establishments which had originally been built with public funds. Additionally, Warsame was one of several prominent Somali artists that took part in the long-running "Deelley" serial poem. She used the opportunity to defend the cause of northerners from the increasingly authoritarian southern-based regime.
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Ọdịdị nhazi
WWEA na-achịkwa otu bọọdụ nke nwere Onye isi ala Peter Rae, Australia, na ndị osote onye isi ala si na kọntinent niile. Enwere ike ịchọta ndepụta zuru ezu nke ndị otu WWEA na-anọchite anya kọntinent niile na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ WWEA www.wwindea.org.
Ilu 1
Amaokwu nke 8
Nwam nuru ihe nna gi na agwa gi Ma dobe iwu nne gi nyere gi
Òtù Ike Ifufe Ụwa
Isi ụlọ ọrụ
Isi ụlọ ọrụ WWEA dị na Bonn, nso na UN Campus, nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu Stefan Gsänger na-achịkwa.