cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Right to truth
Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ruuru Mmadụ na Europe
E nwekwara iwu ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ruuru Mmadụ na Yurop metụtara ikike nke eziokwu. Na Saịprọs v. Turkey (afọ 2001), ECtHR kpebiri megide Turkey n'okwu ndị Gris Saịprọs bụ ndị ikpeazụ a hụrụ n'aka ndị agha Turkey. Ahụhụ nke ndị ikwu dị ndụ bụ "mmebi iwu na-aga n'ihu nke Nkebi nke 3 nke European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) màkà ndị ikwu nke ndị Gris-Cypriot na-efu." [1] Na El-Masri v. Masedonia (afọ 2012), ECtHR guzobere na North Macedonia emebiela nkwekọrịta ahụ n'ikwe ka e jide El-Masri na US n'oge ntụgharị pụrụ iche. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ kwukwara sí na ndị ọchịchị Masedonia "anapụla onye na-arịọ arịrịọ ka a mara ya ihe merenụ, tinyere inweta akụkọ ziri ezi n'ihi nhụjuanya o kwuru na ọ diri na ọrụ nke ndị na-ahụ maka nhụjuanya ya" yana izochi ozi a n'ihu ọha n'ozuzu ya. Dị ka prọfesọ iwu Arianna Vedaschi si kwuo, "mkpebi ahụ e nyere na El-Masri gosipụtara echiche iwu ọhụrụ na àgwà ọhụrụ nke ndị ọka ikpe n'ebe mmanye ikike nke eziokwu dị ukwuu." Na Janowiec na ndị ọzọ v. Russia (2013), ụlọ ikpe ahụghị mmebi nke nkwekọrịta ahụ gbásárá nyocha ndị Russia banyere ogbugbu Katyn nke 1940, mana mkpebi a bụ n'ụkpụrụ nke enweghị nkwụghachi azụ n'ihi na ogbugbu ahụ mere tupu e depụta ECHR.
Iwu Argentina na-anabata ikike nke eziokwu, na usoro iwu sui generis nke a na-akpọ juicio por la verdad [es] (ikpe maka eziokwu) mepụtara mgbe ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị agha Argentina gasịrị.
Lagos Open (2000–present)
Lagos Open bụ asọmpi a kwadoro na International Tennis Federation nke na-ewere ọnọdụ kwa afọ na Lagos Lawn Tennis Club. A na-ahazi ihe omume ahụ dị ka asọmpi ITF nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke nke $25,000. E meela ya na Lagos, Naịjirịa. N'ihi ọrịa Ebola nke West Africa, ọ bụ naanị ndị egwuregwu Afrịka na-asọ mpi mbipụta nke iri na anọ ma ITF mere ya asọmpi mmeri na-enweghị isi. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2015, njem ahụ agbanweela, asọmpi ahụ nwetaghachikwara ọnọdụ mba ụwa ya. N'afọ 2018, a gbanwere aha asọmpi ahụ site na "Governor's Cup Lagos Tennis" gaa na "Lagos Open", nke ndị na-ahazi ya kwuru dị ka usoro sitere na ITF iji bulie ùgwù nke asọmpi ahụ sitere na asọmpi Futures gaa na usoro Challenger. Ngụkọta ego mmeri maka mbipụta nke afọ 2017 bụ $100,000.
Right to explanation
N'ime ihe nhazi nke algọridim, ọkachasị ọgụgụ isi na mpaghara ya nke mmụta igwe, ikike ịkọwa (ma ọ bụ ikike nkọwa) bụ ikike inye nkọwa gbasara mmepụta nke algọridim. Ikike ndị dị otú ahụ na-ezo aka na ikike onye ọ bụla iji nye nkọwa nkè mkpebi ndị na-emetụta onye ọ bụla, ọkachasị n'ụzọ iwu ma ọ bụ ego. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye na-etinye akwụkwọ n'ihe gbasara mgbazinye ego ma a na-agọnahụ ya nwere ike ịrịọ maka nkọwa, nke nwere ike ịbụ "Credit bureau X na-akọ na ị kwupụtara akụnaụba n'afọ gara aga; nke a bụ isi ihe na-atụle na ị nwere ike ịda iwu, ya mere anyị agaghị enye gị ego ị tinyere akwụkwọ. "
Ọtụtụ ikike iwu dị otú ahụ adịlarị, ebe oke nke "ikike nkọwa" n'ozuzu ya bụ okwu arụmụka na-aga n'ihu. Enweela arụmụka na "ikike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ịkọwa" bụ ntọala dị oke mkpa n'ihi na ọha mmadụ ozi, ọkachasị dịka ụlọ ọrụ nke ọha mmadụ ahụ ga-achọ iji teknụzụ dijitalụ, ọgụgụ isi, mmụta igwe. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, na usoro ime mkpebi akpaaka metụtara nke na-eji nkọwa ga-abụ ihe a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi na nke doro anya. Enweghị ikike a, nke enwere ike ịmepụta ma n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ma site na ụkpụrụ ndị ọkachamara, a ga-ahapụ ọha na eze n'enweghị ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-eme iji maa mkpebi nke usoro akpaaka aka. Otu n'ime nsogbu ndị na-apụta bụ otu esi agwa onye ọrụ nkọwa, ọ ga-abụ site na ederede, eserese ọhụụ dị elu, vidiyo ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ, na oleekwa otú usoro a pụrụ ịkọwa nwere ike isi kọwaa nkọwa ahụ n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya?
European Union
Iwu Nchedo Data General nke European Union (nke e mere N'ime 2016, na-arụ ọrụ n'afọ 2018) na-agbatị ikike ime mkpebi na-akpaghị aka n'afọ 1995 Ntuziaka nchekwa data iji nye ụdị esemokwu iwu kwadoro nke ikike nkọwa, nke e kwuru dị ka nke a na Recital 71: "[isiokwu data kwesịrị inwe] ikike ... iji nweta nkọwa nke mkpebi ahụ ruru. " N'ụzọ zuru ezu:
France
Na France, 2016 Loi pour une République numérique (Digital Republic Act ma ọ bụ loi numérique) na-agbanwe koodu nchịkwa nke mba ahụ iji webata ndokwa ọhụrụ maka nkọwa nke mkpebi ndị ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze mere maka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Ọ na-ekwu na ebe enwere "mkpebi e mere na ndabere nke ọgwụgwọ algorithmic", iwu ndị na-akọwa ọgwụgwọ ahụ na "àgwà ya bụ isi" ga-agwa nwa amaala ahụ ógè a rịọrọ ya, ebe a na-enweghị mwepụ (dịka maka nchekwa obodo ma ọ bụ nchebe). Ndị a kwesịrị ịgụnye ihe ndị a:
Ndị ọkà mmụta achọpụtala na ikike a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị mkpebi nchịkwa, na-agabiga ikike GDPR itinye aka n'ụzọ doro anya na nkwado mkpebi kama mkpebi "naanị" dabere na nhazi akpaaka, yana inye usoro gbasara ịkọwa mkpebi ụfọdụ. N'ezie, GDPR na-akpaghị aka mkpebi ikike na European Union, otu n'ime ebe a na-achọ "ikike nkọwa" n'ime, chọta mmalite ha na iwu French na ngwụsị n'ime afọ 1970.
Nkatọ
Ụfọdụ na-arụ ụka na "ikike ịkọwa" adịghị mkpa, na nke kachasị njọ na-emerụ ahụ, ma na-eyi egwu igbochi ihe ọhụrụ. Nkatọ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ tinyekwara: ịkwado mkpebi mmadụ karịa mkpebi igwe; ịbụ onye na-enweghị isi na iwu ndị dị ugbu a; na ilekwasị anya na usoro karịa nsonaazụ.
Jos
Jos (makwaara dị ka J-Town) bụ ama ukwu no na Afrịka ala ana-kpo Naigeria. Jos bụ ịsị óche Ȯra Plateau (Plateau State), nwéré madu ha sị rùrù, 900,000 (2015; calculated).
Right to explanation
Nkatọ
N'ụzọ dị mkpa karị, ọtụtụ algọridim eji eme ihe na mmụta igwe adịghị mfe ịkọwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmepụta nke netwọk akwara miri emi na-adabere n'ọtụtụ oghere nke mgbakọ, jikọtara n'ụzọ dị mgbagwoju anya, ọ dịghịkwa otu ntinye ma ọ bụ mgbakọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe kachasị. Ubi nke Enwere ike AI na-achọ inye nkọwa ka mma site na algọridim dị ugbu a, na algọridim ndị dị mfe ịkọwa, mana ọ bụ ubi na-eto eto ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike.
Jos
Ihu igwe
Okpomọkụ na mmiri ozuzo nke Jos.
Zero Waste Week
thumb|Rachelle Strauss nwere igbe nwere ụfọdụ ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị nke enwere ike imegharị gụnyere akwụkwọ, katọn, katọn na aluminum.
Zero Waste Week bụ mkpọsa gburugburu ebe obibi iji belata ihe mkpofu, a na-emekwa kwa afọ n'ime izu mbụ zuru ezu na Septemba. Ọ bụ mkpọsa na-abụghị nke azụmahịa iji gosipụta ụzọ na ụzọ iji belata ihe mkpofu, ịkwalite nkwado obodo ma mee ka a mara nsogbu na-arịwanye elu nke ihe mkpofu gburugburu ebe obibi na mmetọ.
Ebumnuche
Ebumnobi ogologo Zero Waste Week bụ imepụta mgbanwe ogologo oge na omume ndị mmadụ, gụnyere iwepụtakwu ọchịchọ maka ngwaahịa na-adigide, nye ndị na-emepụta ọnụ ụlọ, na ndị na-eme mkpebi gọọmentị, na iweta mmata maka mkpa ezi nlekọta n'ọgbọ na-abịa..
Ihe omume
thumb|Ihe osise e wepụtara na Twitter, Septemba 5, 2016 na-egosi na #ZeroWasteWeek na-ewu ewu na UK ruo awa itoolu A na-eme mkpọsa n'ịntanetị n'oge Zero Waste Week, na ihe omume ndị otu dị iche iche haziri na London, Scotland, New York, Hong Kong, na ndị ọzọ. A na-eme ihe omume mpaghara na nke mba kwa afọ ebe ndị sonyere na obodo na-eme mgbalị jikọrọ aka iji gosipụta na enwere ike iwepụ ma ọ bụ belata ihe mkpofu ezinụlọ, azụmaahịa na ụlọ ọrụ.
Ihe ịma aka
N'oge Zero Waste Week, a na-ama ndị mmadụ aka iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị iche iche, dịka ịrụzi uwe ma ọ bụ ịkwa akwa iji lụso ejiji ọgụ, ma ọ bụ belata ihe mkpofu ha kwa izu ka o wee nwee ike ịbanye n'ime ite jam.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọ bụ Rachelle Strauss guzobere izu Zero Waste na 2008 ma malite dị ka mkpọsa mba na United Kingdom. Ọtụtụ òtù, otu na ndị mmadụ na-ejighị mkpọsa mbụ ahụ kpọrọ Zero Waste Week ugbu a. Strauss malitere inwe mmasị na ihe efu mgbe idei mmiri Boscastle nke afọ 2004 metụtara ya, ihe omume ihu igwe dị egwu nke ọ hụrụ dị ka nsonaazụ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mmadụ mere. Na Septemba 2008 Strauss malitere Zero Waste Week mbụ na mkpọsa ịntanetị site na blọọgụ ya, iji mee ka ndị mmadụ belata, jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ ma megharịa ihe mkpofu. Na Septemba 2013 e guzobere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọhụrụ maka Zero Waste Week, na 2017 ndị mmadụ si mba iri asaa na atọ esonyewo. N'afọ 2018, Zero Waste Week ruru afọ iri ya. Ọtụtụ mba na-eme mkpọsa nke Zero Waste Week ha na nkwekọrịta na izu Zero Waste mbụ ma ọ bụ n'onwe ha.
Onyinye na mmata
N'afọ 2015, ndị omeiwu UK wepụtara mkpebi n'ụbọchị mbụ iji mee emume Zero Waste Week. Onye guzobere Rachelle Strauss natara onyinye Points Of Light na Septemba 2018 site na gọọmentị UK maka ọrụ ya na Zero Waste Week.
Ọha na omenala
A kọwara Zero Waste Week na National Geographic Documentary Naked Science Series: 'Surviving Nature's Fury' 2005 na ihe nkiri Trashed.
Ìgwè P8
Òtù P8 na-agụnye ego ezumike nká iri na-eduga n'ụwa niile na ego akụ na ụba, gụnyere ndị nnọchiteanya si Europe, Eshia, Australasia na North America. Ha na-anọchite anya ihe karịrị dola atọ ijeri nke ego itinye ego na dịka ego ezumike nká nwèrè ihe na-elekwasị anya ogologo ógè.
Zero Waste Week
Mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ maka Zero Waste Week
Mgbasa ozi na òtù ndị ọzọ ejirila nke nta nke nta nakwere okwu Zero Waste Week iji mee otu izu nke mmemme na mmemme, na-elekwasịkarị anya na nsogbu nkwado dị ugbu a.
Ìgwè P8
N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2007, e mèrè nzukọ P8 nké izizi. Nke a kpọkọtara ndị isi sitere na asatọ n'ime ego ezumike nká ọha na eze kachasị n'ụwa na ndị ọkachamara dị mkpa gụnyere osote ónyé isi ala Al Gore na HRH Prince of Wales. Nzukọ P8 bụ mmalite dị oke mkpa n'inweta ego ezumike nká iji duzie ịkwaga na akụ na ụba carbon dị ala. Ndị sonyere kwetara ịga n'ihu na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe, ma n'ime òtù ha ma dị ka otu iji metụta iwu na ahịa.
Ìgwè ahụ, n'oge a ego ezumike nká 10, zutere ọzọ n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2008 iji kwalite atụmatụ ha. Na nzukọ a, HRH Prince of Wales nabatara mkpebi ha na-aga n'ihu itinye ego buru ibu na itinye ego na-edozi mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Òtù a agbasaala ugbu a, ma jiri P80 Group Foundation dochie ya n'afọ 2010.
Zero Waste Week
Ebe Nsọ Mba
Students for Zero Waste Week bụ mkpọsa ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eduzi, nke na-ewe otu izu iji belata ihe mkpofu na ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ na n'ime obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ ma malite n'afọ 2015/2016.
Mahadum Harvard
N'oge Izu Ụwa nke afọ 2014, Mahadum Harvard's Gutman Café mere izu efu nke ọ gbalịrị iwepụ ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu ya dị ka o kwere mee site na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa.
Ịsacha Hong Kong
Hong Kong Cleanup, mkpọsa izu ụka nke mmata ọha na eze na ọrụ n'ala.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Runtown
Runtown nke FV magazine.
Nkọwa Onwe
Aha	Douglas Jack Agu
Amụrụ ya	19 Ọgụstụ 1989 (afọ 31)
Ebe osi	Enugwu Steeti, Naịjirịa
Nkenụụdị	R&B, Afuro-fuchọnụ, hipụ họpụ, rege
Akaọrụ	Otii egwu, odee egwu, nrụpụta
Ngwa egwu	Olu
Afọ ọ nọ ọrụ	2010–ugbua
Lebeelụ	Soundgod Music Group
Ndị egwu	Davido, Nasty C, phyno
Douglas Jack Agu (amụrụ ya na 19 Ọgụstụ 1989), nke amara aha ya dịka Runtown, bụ onye Naịjirịa na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu na onye na-emepụta ihe.
Gbasara ya
Amụrụ Runtown na abalị iri-na iteghete nke ọnwa itolu nke 1989 n’Enugwu mana o tolitere na abuja na Legọọsụ, ebe ya guru praịmarị. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ya na nne ya kwagara Abuja, onye na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ozi ahuike.
Na 4 Nọvemba 2016, Runtown wepụtara "Mad Over You", nke edepụtara na nọmba 38 na chaatị Twitter nke egwu ọkaibe. Joey Akan si Pulse Nigeria kọwara egwu a dịka "egwu emere onwe ya nke na - adọta ihe sitere na ụda ndị Ghana bụ kay Alkayida". Runtown gwara The Fader magazine na egwu a sitere na mma nke Afrịka.
Onye nwe "Aye"
Na 2014, e nwere akụkọ na mgbasa ozi na Runtown dere " Aye ". Na mkparịta ụka ya na Nigerian Tribune, Runtown kwuru, "Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-ajụ m ajụjụ a. Davido enweela ọtụtụ ajụjụ ọnụ ebe o kwuru etu egwu a siri bido. Yabụ ọ bụrụ n'ịchọrọ ịmatakwu gbasara Aye jụọ David ma ọ bụ gụọ ajụjụ ọnụ ya ".
Mbupute nke Kini Issue
N’ọnwa Septemba nke afọ 2020, O wepụtara egwu nke abụọ ya kemgbe ọrịa na-efe efe nke “Kini Issue”. Egwu a sitere na ọba egwu ya na-abịanụ akpọghị aha ugbu a.
Ọpụpụ na Eric Manny Entertainment
Nkwekorita Runtown na Eric Manny Entertainment gwụchara na Juunu 2018. O mechara malite lebeelụ ya bụ, "Soundgod Music Group".
Ngagharị iwe #EndSars
N'ọnwa Ọktọba 2020, Runtown na otu ndị ọzọ ama ama bu ụzọ na ngagharị iwe #Endsars na Legọọsụ, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjirịa, ka gọọmentị kwụsị njedebe obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii.
Nsidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ujunwa Okafor
Ujunwa Eucharia Okafor (amụrụ 20 Disemba 1992) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa na -esonye n'egwu dịka onye mgbachitere. Ọ gbaara ALG Spor na Turkish Women's First Football League ma yiri nọmba jesi ederede iri anọ na anọ. N'afọ 2018, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ banye n'òtù mba ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria.
Klọb
Okafor gbara egwuregwu bọọlụ na obodo ya na Nigeria Women Premier League bụ Delta Queens FC,  tupu ọ kwaga Turkey, wee sonye  nso nso a na otu ndị inyom mbụ kwalitere ọgbakọ ALG Spor na Gaziantep.
Ebemsidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dini
Dini nwere ike izo aka na:,
Greenpeace USA
Greenpeace USA bụ mmekọ United States nke Greenpeace International, ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke kpalitere mmegharị mmekọrịta sitere n'omume kpọmkwem n'oké osimiri iji kwụsị ịwa whal na nnwale nuklia. N'ịbụ onye isi na Washington D.C., Greenpeace USA na-arụ ọrụ na mmefu ego kwa afọ nke ihe dị ka nde $ 40, na-ewe ihe karịrị mmadụ 500 na 2020. Nzukọ a na-adabere na onyinye sitere n'aka ndị òtù, na-ajụ onyinye ụlọ ọrụ ma ghara ịkwado ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, n'agbanyeghị na 2020 Greenpeace USA nyere akara ngosi ihu igwe. maka ndị na-eme ntuli aka onye isi ala wee họrọ ha site na nke kachasị mma ruo na nke kachasị njọ na ihu igwe
N'ime mmegharị 2022 iji jikọta ọrụ na mmegharị gburugburu, Greenpeace U.S.A.'s Co-director Annie Leonard, onye na-emepụta vidiyo webụ na omenala ndị ahịa na-atụfu, kpọpụtara Tefere Gebre, onye isi osote onye isi oche nke AFL-CIO, ka ọ bụrụ onye isi mmemme na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi na nkwukọrịta na-emesi ike na ikpe ziri ezi ihu igwe. Kemgbe mmalite ya na 1970s, GreenPeace U.S.A. na-eme ọtụtụ mkpọsa ụlọ ọrụ, ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá na arụrụ arụ ọrụ na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite agbụrụ ogwe aka, na-adọta njikọ n'etiti nsogbu ihu igwe na agha agha, ịkwụsị igbukpọ osisi, ịkwụsị mmanụ ọkụ, na-egbochi mmetọ rọba. na okwu ndị ọzọ.
Ọdịdị nzukọ
Greenpeace USA bụ otu 501 (c) (4) na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-achọ "ịgbanwe atumatu na omume gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a" site na "mkparịta ụka n'ala maka usoro iwu dị iche iche." Ego Greenpeace bụ ọgbakọ ọrụ ebere 501 (c) (3) na-ewepụ ụtụ isi nke na-akwalite ebumnuche Greenpeace USA ichekwa gburugburu. Ego Greenpeace na-enye onyinye, na-eduzi mkpọsa agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha ego, gụnyere akụkọ gbasara enweghị nghọta nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-ahụ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Na 2020 mmefu ego Greenpeace USA dị ihe dị ka nde $40 yana ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nọ na-akwụ ụgwọ.
Nzukọ a na-adaberekwa na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-arụ ọrụ n'ikike ndị a: obere otu mpaghara "pods" iji kwalite mkpọsa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọkwa mpaghara; ndị nnọchiteanya na-eduzi mmemme afọ ofufo; ndị na-ede akwụkwọ ozi iji metụta ndị ntuli aka ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ lekwasịrị anya; Ndị ọrụ nchekwa ederede iji kpọkọta ndị na-akwado Greenpeace na ndị ntuli aka n'oge ntuli aka.
Greenpeace USA bụ otu n'ime obodo 26 na mpaghara mpaghara (NRO's) bụ ndị otu Greenpeace International dabere na Amsterdam. Dịka onye otu, a na-atụ anya na Greenpeace USA ga-emejuputa ma kwado mmemme mmemme ogologo oge Greenpeace International. NRO ọ bụla nwere ngalaba iwu ya na bọọdụ na-achị achị.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
thumb|San Francisco, 1989 Ụlọ ahịa Greenpeace na Larkin Street. San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Ebu ụzọ hazie Greenpeace na United States dị ka isiakwụkwọ dị iche na 1975, mgbe Greenpeace San Francisco mepere, ndị otu na Hawaii, Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles, Boston, Denver na mpaghara Great Lakes sochiri. Na 1979, ụlọ ọrụ ndị a jikọtara n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ka ọ bụrụ "Greenpeace USA". The Vancouver, British Columbia dabeere Greenpeace Foundation, mbụ Quaker-emetụta Greenpeace nzukọ, wee gbara akwụkwọ megide San Francisco ụlọ ọrụ maka iji aha Greenpeace, nke Canada ụlọ ọrụ kwuru na-akara ahia. E doziri esemokwu ahụ wee kwụsị ikpe mgbe e hibere kansụl Greenpeace mba ụwa nwere ndị nnọchi anya obodo ọ bụla iji kwụọ ụgwọ $250-puku dollar nke ụlọ ọrụ Vancouver ji. N'ime 1990s, Greenpeace USA mere nhazigharị nke mmefu ego, mechiri ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ubi ya na mba ahụ dum.
Jon Hinck, onye guzobere ya
Na November 1978, mgbe Jon Hinck dị afọ 24 na enweghị ọrụ na Seattle, ọ zara akwụkwọ akụkọ Greenpeace Help Wanted ad, "Ịre mgbasa ozi maka ezi ihe." Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ala azụ ịbanye n'òtù ndị na-egbuke egbuke mgbe ahụ dabeere na Vancouver, BC, ọ na-arụ ọrụ ahịa na Seattle ma mesịa malite ịkọ akụkọ maka magazin ahụ, na-ekpuchi ikpofu ihe mkpofu nuklia na iji ọgwụ na-egbu egbu. Mgbe o gosipụtara ihe okike ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike, "na-etinye akara ngosi ịdọ aka ná ntị mmetọ na-ele anya na ọdọ mmiri mpaghara" - Hinck goro dị ka onye nduzi mgbasa ozi maka Greenpeace Seattle ... N'ọgwụgwụ 1979, ọ nọchitere anya ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nzukọ nke US dabeere na United States. ngalaba nke Greenpeace wee sonye n'ịmepụta njikọ mba ọhụrụ, Greenpeace USA. N'okpuru nduzi nke Hinck dị ka onye ntụzi mgbasa ozi mba, Greenpeace Seattle, yana Greenpeace Vancouver, rụrụ ọrụ iji gbochie mmetọ mmanụ na Northwest Coast na mmachibido iwu na-aga nke ọma na ndị na-ebu mmanụ na Puget Sound na ịjụ Northern Tier Pipeline. Ọrụ nke ndị otu Hinck na Greenpeace USA, yana nke ndị na-eme ihe ike ndị ọzọ, mere ka gọọmentị US kwụsị ikpofu mkpofu nuklia n'oké osimiri. Greenpeace mechara nweta mmachibido iwu zuru oke na mkpofu nuklia site na Mgbakọ maka Mgbochi Mmetọ mmiri site na mkpofu ahịhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Onye ndu ugbu a
N'otu oge a na-eji egwuregwu mara dịka nzukọ nke "ụmụ nwoke na ụgbọ mmiri ha," Greenpeace USA bụ ndị inyom abụọ na-eduzi ugbu a:
Annie Leonard, onye isi nchịkwa (2014-dị ugbu a)
Na 2014, na-eso ọpụpụ nke Phil Radford, Greenpeace USA goro Annie Leonard, nne naanị ya na-azụ ụmụ, dịka onye isi ngalaba. Onye edemede, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ese ihe nkiri, Leonard mepụtara vidiyo webụ 2007 a ma ama, "Akụkọ nke ihe," bụ nke na-achọpụta mmịpụta, nrụpụta, mmepụta na nkesa nke ihe ndị ahịa nwere ike ịwụfu. Mgbalị Leonard na Greenpeace U.S.A. malitere na 1998, mgbe n'ime afọ 20 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mkpọsa iji kwụsị mbupụ ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na mba ndị dara ogbenye. Ọ gara mba ụwa na-enyocha mkpofu mkpofu na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha, ọrụ nke butere Mgbakọ Basel, nkwekọrịta mba ụwa nke na-ebelata mbupụ ihe mkpofu sitere na mba ndị bara ọgaranya gaa mba ndị ka daa ogbenye. Otu n'ime ihe kacha mkpa Leonard bụ ikpughe mmetụta ego mmanụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-elekwasị anya na ndị ijeri ijeri na-enye ego na-ajụ mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Ebony Twilley Martin, onye isi nchịkwa (2021-dị ugbu a)
N'afọ 2021, Greenpeace họpụtara Ebony Twilley Martin ka ọ bụrụ onye isi na-arụkọ ọrụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nwanyị ojii mbụ nke otu mba na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na United States. Tupu nhọpụta ahụ, Twilley rụrụ ọrụ na Greenpeace U.S.A. dị ka onye isi ndị ọrụ na omenala, onye isi njikwa nweta ikike na onye isi ọrụ mmadụ. Twilley Martin ghọrọ onye na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi na 2008 ka nwa ya nwoke zụlitere ụkwara ume ọkụ na-ebi n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ Maryland na-ekwo ekwo. Ebumnuche Twilley gụnyere nkwupụta mberede ihu igwe na njedebe nke enyemaka mmanụ ọkụ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-atụ anya ime ihe dị ka àkwà mmiri n'etiti mmegharị ihu igwe na obodo ndị nwere agba. N'ịnabata ọnọdụ ahụ, Twilley dere, sị, "Ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi anyị na-eche ihu dị ukwuu - isi ihe Hurricane Ida kwusiri ike mgbe ọ dara n'ụsọ oké osimiri Louisiana, saịtị nke ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi na ikpe ziri ezi na-agbasi mbọ ike na ugbu a n'ihu nke nsogbu ihu igwe. Iji dozie ọgba aghara ndị a na-emekọrịta ihe, anyị ga-ewulite nzukọ siri ike ma dị iche iche. "
Tefere Gebre, onye isi mmemme (2022-dị ugbu a)
Tefere Gebre, onye bụbu osote onye isi oche nke AFL-CIO, ka ewetere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi mmemme Greenpeace USA na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi, ime ihe na nhazi. "Anaghị m ahapụ mmegharị ndị ọrụ - ana m ebute ndị ọrụ na mmegharị gburugburu ebe obibi," Gebre gwara New York Times. Site na Etiopia, Gebre kwuru na ya chọrọ ilekwasị anya na nzukọ a na mmetụta nke mmetọ na ndị na-agba agba, wulite usoro ikpe ziri ezi nke ihu igwe na ime ka ndị ọrụ otu na ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'otu iji guzogide nzaghachi xenophobic na nsogbu ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ihu igwe. N'ime oge ya na AFL-CIO, Gebre nwere nkụda mmụọ maka enweghị mmasị nke ụfọdụ ndị isi ọrụ na-akwado nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi. thumb|Ọgọst 3, 2013. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe abụọ na-akwụnye ọkọlọtọ n'ofe okporo ámá site na Ngalaba nke Steeti iji mee mkpesa maka enweghị ọrụ gọọmentị na mgbanwe ihu igwe n'oge nzukọ Major Emitters Forum. Aha: Tim Aubry, onye nduzi nke Visual Communication Greenpeace USA
Mgbasa ozi, ngagharị iwe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
thumb|Febụwarị 2, 2017. Rally Trump na NYC Office nke Chuck Schumer.
Mgbasa ozi onye isi ala nke afọ 2020
Ọ bụ ezie na Greenpeace USA, òtù na-akwụ ụtụ isi, anaghị akwado ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ na-enye ndị ntinye akwụkwọ na akara akara ndị omebe iwu. N'ọsọ Onye isi ala 2020, Greenpeace USA họọrọ Senator Bernie Sanders (D-VT) dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro ihu ihu igwe kachasị mma nwere A + (94 n'ime 100) yana Onye isi ala Donald Trump dị ka onye kacha njọ (0 n'ime 100). Joe Biden, onye gara n'ihu imeri asọmpi onye isi ala, nwetara akara D maka ịhapụghị atụmatụ iji gboo nsogbu ihu igwe. Greenpeace USA gbadoro ụkwụ n'ọkwa ya na nkwado ndị ndoro-ndoro maka Green New Deal na njedebe nke mmanụ ọkụ.
Ukraine na mmanụ Russia
Na Maachị, 2022, mgbe Russia wakporo Ukraine, ndị na-akwado Greenpeace rutere n'ụgbọ mmiri iji gbochie ụgbọ mmiri Gris 50,000 na-ebuga mmanụ Russia n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri New York. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri weputara ọkọlọtọ "agha mmanụ na-ebu agha" ịdọrọ uche gaa na mbufe mmanụ Russia na-aga n'ihu n'agbanyeghị oku Onye isi ala Biden kpọrọ maka mmachi. Mkpesa a mere n'oge amara ụbọchị 45 na-eduga na mmachibido iwu nke White House megide mbubata mmanụ na gas Russia.
Anusha Narayanan, onye isi mgbasa ozi ihu igwe na Greenpeace USA na onye so na ngagharị iwe, gwara ndị nta akụkọ, "Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas na-ahụ maka ọnụ ahịa gas na-arị elu bụ otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ebute esemokwu na ọnwụ gburugburu ụwa. Ọdịnihu dị n'udo, ịdị ndụ na nha nhata dabere n'ịkwụsị riri ahụ anyị na mmanụ ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke esemokwu kpatara."
Paịpụ Keystone
thumb|2011. Phil Radford, onye bụbu onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace USA, jidere na ngagharị iwe Keystone n'èzí White House. Aha: Joshua Lopez Site na 2011 ruo 2013, Phil Radford, onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace USA, sonyere na ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe White House na-achọ ka Onye isi ala Obama nye iwu ka a kwụsị ịrụ ọkpọkọ nke Keystone XL tar sands pipeline. N'iji njikọ mgbanwe iji tinye onwe ha na White House, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na uwe azụmahịa mere 2011 na-anọdụ ọdụ na Pennsylvania Avenue, na-agba Obama ka o nye iwu ndị isi ka ọ bụghị naanị ịkwụsị Keystone kamakwa mejuputa iwu siri ike iji chịkwaa ihe ọkụkụ ọkụ, igbochi coal. na ikuku gas na-ebupụ ma na-ebuli arụmọrụ ike na ụlọ. E jidere Radford, ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Daryl Hannah, na 2011 na-anọdụ ala iji mee mkpesa maka amụma ike nke President Obama.
N'afọ 2021, Greenpeace U.S.A. toro iwu onye isi ala Biden kagbuo ikike maka pipeline Keystone XL tar sands pipeline, ebe ọ na-agba Onye isi ala ume ka ọ kpochapụ enyemaka mmanụ ọkụ niile. thumb|Dakota Access Oil Pipeline, North Dakota 2016.
Paịpụ Dakota Access
N'afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe gọọmentị etiti dị na North Dakota wepụrụ dị ka enweghị isi na mkpesa mkpesa na nkwutọ nke Energy Transfer Partners LP, onye wuru 1,000-mile Dakota Access Pipeline, megide Greenpeace USA, EarthFirst na BankTrack maka ngagharị iwe ha. Ndị na-akwado Greenpeace USA esonyela na ebo ụmụ amaala na ọtụtụ puku ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi si na mba ahụ iji gbochie owuwu nke pipeline. Ngagharị iwe ahụ dọtara uche mba na mba ụwa gbasara ikike nkwekọrịta agbụrụ ndị America, ịnweta mmiri ọñụñụ dị ọcha na ihe egwu dị na mmanụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ. Akwụkwọ ikpe ahụ boro Greenpeace USA duhie ọha na nkwupụta ụgha gbasara saịtị dị nsọ nke ebo Rock Sioux Standing Rock na ohere nke pipeline ga-emerụ Osimiri Missouri na North Dakota. N'ụzọ dị iche, akwụkwọ akụkọ Greenpeace nke 2018 kwuru na pipeline Nyefee Energy na nke ndị enyemaka ụlọ ọrụ nwere "wụfuru ihe karịrị ugboro 500 n'ime afọ iri gara aga."
Na nzaghachi na mkpebi ikpe nke ụlọikpe nke enweghị ihe akaebe zuru oke, Tom Wetterer, onye ndụmọdụ izugbe na Greenpeace USA, kwuru na mkpebi ahụ "na-ezigara ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-anwa imechi ọha mmadụ ozi doro anya na a gaghị anabata imechi ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ bụkwa nlele na mbọ ụlọ ọrụ. ime ka ọ kwụsị ịgbachi nkịtị.”
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Intercept dị n'ịntanetị na mbụ kọrọ na ndị mmekọ na-enyefe ikike goro ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nzuzo nke TigerSwan ka ha nweta ozi maka ikpe ahụ site na akaụntụ mgbasa ozi adịgboroja na ntinye nke ogige ngagharị iwe.
Oké Osimiri Arctic
N'ịgbaso Greenpeace USA mere ihe dị elu ozugbo, Shell Oil kwupụtara na 2015 na ọ ga-ahapụ nyocha mmanụ na Arctic. Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ahụ boro ọnụ ahịa mmanụ na-ebelata maka mkpebi ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na Greenpeace USA kwuru na ntụgharị Shell bụ nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Tupu mgbe ahụ, otu ndị na-akwado Greenpeace USA agbagoro n'elu àkwà mmiri dị na Portland, Oregon, na mbọ iji gbochie ụgbọ mmiri na-egwu mmanụ Shell ịpụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri obodo ahụ.
Ụgbọ mmiri na-alụso Manchin ọgụ
Na 2021, Greenpeace USA sonyeere n'ụgbọ mmiri nke kayaks na obere ụgbọ mmiri na mpụga ụgbọ mmiri nke West Virginia Senator Joe Manchin dị na Washington D.C. iji dọta uche na ọjụjụ Manchin jụrụ ịkwado ngwungwu udo nke ihu igwe nke Congress. N'ịtụ aka na Onye isi ala Biden's Build Back Better Plan, akụkụ dị oke mkpa nke ngwugwu nkwụghachi ụgwọ ijeri $ 3.5, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na Potomac kpalitere akara nke na-ekwu "Amikpula West Virginia," "Manchin gafere ụgwọ ahụ," "BBB na-eweta ọrụ na WV" na "Ọ dịghị ihu igwe adịghị nkwekọrịta."
Oche Dị Ịkụ
Na 2008, Greenpeace's Project Hot Seat mkpọsa chọrọ ịmanye ndị otu United States Congress ka ha mejuputa atumatu iji kwụsị na ibelata ikuku gas, na ihe Phil Radford, mgbe ahụ, Greenpeace Executive Director, kwuru na "ga-abụ isi ihe na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi mmegharị. banye n'ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Congress na obodo niile."
Onye isi oche Exxon Mobil na vidiyo
Na 2008, Greenpeace's Project Hot Seat mkpọsa chọrọ ịmanye ndị otu United States Congress ka ha mejuputa atumatu iji kwụsị na ibelata ikuku gas, na ihe Phil Radford, mgbe ahụ, Greenpeace Executive Director, kwuru na "ga-abụ isi ihe na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi mmegharị. banye n'ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Congress na obodo niile."
Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ
Na 2015, akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times kọrọ na ndị prọfesọ na Princeton na Mahadum Pennsylvania State jidere na arụ ọrụ siri ike mgbe ndị ọrụ Greenpeace, na-egosi dị ka ndị nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ ike, mere ka ndị prọfesọ ahụ nabata ego iji mejupụta uru nke coal na carbon anwuru. Lawrence Carter, onye ọrụ Greenpeace na-etinye aka na mkparị ahụ, kwuru na ebumnuche nke charade a bụ "ịkọwapụta akụkọ" ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ajụ mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Star Wars ngagharị iwe na Vandenberg
N'afọ 2002, otu ọkàikpe gọọmenti etiti mara ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe GreenPeace ikpe ikpe otu afọ maka imebi mmemme ngwa agha "Star Wars" na Vandenberg Air Force Base na Southern California. Mgbe ya na ndị ọka iwu gọọmenti nwetachara nkwekọrịta, Greenpeace kwetara ịkwụ ụgwọ $ 150,000 nra obodo ma zere ime ọzọ nke nnupụisi obodo na ọdụ ndị agha US na-etinye aka na mmemme ngwa agha. Na mbido, e boro ndị ngagharị iwe ahụ ebubo mpụ maka ịbanye na mpaghara mmachi na Vandenberg Air Force base, na-amanye igbu oge na mwepu ngwa agha ahụ. Greenpeace U.S.A. na-emegide ọta ogbunigwe nke dabeere na mbara igwe, na-arụ ụka na mmemme Star Wars na-abawanye agbụrụ ogwe aka ma na-abawanye ohere nke agha nuklia.
Thomas Sills
Thomas Sills (ubochí irí abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọst, 1914 rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Septemba, 2000) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na onye na-ede ihe na ónyé sonyere na New York Abstract Expressionist movement. N'oge ọ kachasị n'ọrụ ya n'afọ ndị 1960 na 1970, e gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. A na-egosipụta ọrụ ya mgbè niile na akwụkwọ akụkọ nka ma dị na nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka.
Afọ ndị mbụ
A mụrụ Thomas Sills ma zụlite ya na Castalia, North Carolina. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ dị mmadụ iri na otu ma mesịa soro otu n'ime ụmụnne ya ndị okenye bírí na Brooklyn. Tupu ọ banye n'ihe osise, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ na-ekpo ọkụ na Raleigh, North Carolina, ébé agba gbara ya gbụrụ-gbúrụ nwèrè mmetụta siri ike n'ebe ọ nọ. Ọ natara ọtụtụ agụmakwụkwọ dịka nwatakịrị ojii nwéré ike n'ime ime ọbọdọ, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ na North Carolina. Ozugbo ọ nọ na New York, ọ ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ọnụ ụzọ na Paramount Theater na Dekalb na Flatbrush Avenues na Brooklyn. Ọ laghachiri Raleigh site na 1947-1948 iji nyéré aka n'otu n'ime ọrụ nhicha na nrụgide nke nwanne ya nwoke tupu ọ laghachi Brooklyn. Mgbè ahụ ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ka stevedore ụbọchị atọ n'izu na ógè fọdụrụ na ụlọ ahịa mmanya na Greenwich Village.
Ọrụ
Sills malitere ịnwale nka na 1952, n'ihe dị ka oge ọ lụrụ ónyé na-ese ihe na onye na-anakọta ihe osise Jeanne Reynal, onye bụ ónyé dị mkpa n'òtù surrealist na United States. N'ịbụ ónyé na-akụzi onwe ya ma bụrụ onye Reynal chịkọtara ihe osise na-enweghị atụ kpaliri, ọ malitere iji ihe ndị ọ hụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mosaic ya rụọ ọrụ, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ gbasara na mmanụ na osisi yana ákwà. Na mbụ, o jiri ihe ndị dị ka magnesite, mbọ, unyi, nkume, enamel, ihe osise ụlọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ n'elu osisi mgbè ọ na-anwale ụdị ya.
Sills nọrọ ọtụtụ ógè ndụ ya na New York City, gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ụzọ miri emi na usoro nka yana nsogbu ọdịbendị site na mmalite afọ 1950 ruo afọ 1970. Ọ maara Willem de Kooning ónyé gárá ụlọ ọrụ ya wee gwa ya ka ọ ghara ịtụfu ihe ọ bụla tupu ónyé ọ bụla ahụ ya.
Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Thomas Sills nwụrụ na úbọchị irí abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Septemba, 2000, na New York City mgbe ọ dị afọ irí asatọ na isii.
Greenpeace USA
Ikpe megide Walmart chụpụrụ
N'afọ 2021, onye ọka ikpe mpaghara US wepụrụ akwụkwọ Greenpeace megide Walmart, na-ekpebi na nzukọ ahụ enweghị ụkpụrụ iwu. Greenpeace USA boro ebubo na Walmart na-arụ ọrụ "omume azụmahịa ezighi ezi, nke na-ezighi ezi na nke aghụghọ" n'ịkpọ aha ụgha na ịkwalite ngwaahịa rọba nkeonwe dị ka enwere ike ịmegharị ya. Onye ọka ikpe Maxine Chesney kwuru na Greenpeace U.S.A. enweghị nguzo n'ihi na nzukọ ahụ ekwenyeghị na nkwupụta Walmart na-amalite na ya, yabụ enweghị ike ime ka ụlọ ikpe kwenye na e duhiere Greenpeace.
Na nzaghachi na mkpebi ahụ, Onye isi mgbasa ozi Greenpeace USA Oceans John Hocevar kwuru, "Walmart emeghị ihe mgbe anyị rụtụrụ aka na ha na-edepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị ka ihe a na-emegharị mgbe ọ na-aga maka ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa na ihe nsure ọkụ. Mgbe anyị mechara kpọga ha n'ụlọ ikpe. Walmart jiri nka nka nke iwu mara ikike anyị itinye akwụkwọ kama ịkọwa isi okwu ahụ. "
Nnyocha banyere plastik a na-eji eme ihe otu
N'afọ 2021, Greenpeace weputara ọkwa kachasị njọ na mkpochapụ 20 ụlọ ahịa ihe eji eme ihe na-emetọ oke osimiri. Ụlọ ahịa ndị nwere ọkwa kachasị mma bụ Giant Eagle, ALDI na Sprouts Farmers Market; Ndị nyere akara kacha njọ bụ Wakefern, WinCo Foods na H-E-B. N'ozuzu, Greenpeace nwere enweghị nchekwube, na-ekwu na "ndị na-ere ahịa US na-aga n'ihu n'ike n'ike" iji nyefee plastik ndị siri ike ịmegharị." Afọ abụọ ka Greenpeace wepụtara akara mbụ na-adịghị mma, ụlọ ahịa malitere ire akpa ihe oriri na onyinye. ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ihe.
Coke na Pepsi na-ahapụ ebe a na-etinye plastik
Na 2019, na nzaghachi nrụgide sitere na Greenpeace USA, ma Coca-Cola na PepsiCo wepụrụ ndị otu ha na Associationlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nrụpụta Plastics. Otu ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado steeti ka ha machibido iwu na karama rọba.
Mattel
N'afọ 2011, ihe na-erughị otu izu ka ndị na-akwado Greenpeace USA wepụrụ ọkọlọtọ n'èzí ụlọ ọrụ Mattel's El Segundo, onye na-eme egwuregwu ụmụaka a ma ama maka plastik Barbie na Ken dolls mara ọkwa na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-enyocha nkwupụta na ha na-eji ihe na-enye aka na mbibi nke oke ọhịa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwuru na ha gwara onye na-ebubata ngwaahịa ha ka ọ kwụsị ịzụrụ ihe n'aka onye na-ebubata ihe a na-enyo enyo. N'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị sonyere kwụpụrụ onwe ha n'ụlọ ahụ ka ha wepụta ọkọlọtọ nke gosipụtara enyi nwoke Barbie Ken na-agbasa na Barbie, na-ekwu, “Barbie: ọ gwụla. Anaghị m akpa ụmụ agbọghọ ndị na-egbukpọ osisi.” E jidere ọtụtụ ndị ngagharị iwe ahụ.
Mgbukpọsị oké ọhịa
thumb|Ọhịa Boreal, Canada
Kimberly-Clark kwenyere na isi iyi na-adịgide adịgide
Mgbe ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si Greenpeace USA na ndị otu na Canada kpasuru usoro ị nweta nke Kimberly-Clark, ụlọ ọrụ ngwaahịa akwụkwọ nde dollar nke ọtụtụ nde dollar (Kleenex, Scott, Cottonelle, Huggies) kwere nkwa na 2009 ichekwa oke ohia site n'inweta eriri osisi sitere na "isi mmalite ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere Fiber osisi recycled." Nkwupụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bịara na mgbasa ozi Greenpeace USA afọ ise na-emegide mbelata nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na oke ọhịa Boreal nke Canada, ọhịa kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, karịa oke ọhịa Brazil nke dị oke mkpa maka nchekwa carbon. . Omume ngagharị iwe gụnyere ịnọdụ ọdụ n'isi ụlọ ọrụ Kimberly Clark dị na Massachusetts, igbochi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Connecticut na ibipụta mgbasa ozi New York Times na-atụ aro na oge ọ bụla ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-afụ imi ha na anụ Kleenex ha na-emebi ọhịa Boreal.
Ụzọ Europe Na-esi Gaa Na ihe nkárí efu
Ụzọ Europe na-esi gaa na ihe nkari efu bụ akụkụ ọrụ ngosi EU nke The LIFE Programme (LIFE +), ngwá ọrụ ego EU maka gburugburu ebe obibi ma bụrụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP). E guzobere ọrụ ahụ iji nyochaa ụzọ ndị bara uru iji nweta ihe efu na ebe a na-ekpofu ihe na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke obodo England. Ọ ga-ekerịta nsonaazụ ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na UK na mba ndị EU dị mkpa. Ihe efu efu n'ọnọdụ a bụ ụzọ iji kwado ojiji na-adịgide adịgide nke ihe onwunwe site na azụmaahịa iji baara ma akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi uru. Ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ibelata, ijikwa ọzọ, imegharị ihe na ịweghachi ume site na mkpofu. Ọrụ a ga-amalite na Machị 2013.
Spathacanthus hahnianus
Spathacanthus hahnianus bụ ụdị osisi dị na ezinụlọ Acanthaceae. A na-ahụ ya na Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, na Nicaragua. Ọ na-eyi egwu site na mbibi ebe obibi. Ụdị a na-apụta n'oké ọhịa igwe ojii na oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, ọ na-esiri ike n'oké osimiri oak, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha gburugburu iyi. A na-ahụ ya n'ebe dị n'agbata mita 150 na 1,650.
De Lange
Aha nna De Lange sitere obodo Dutch, nke pụtara "onye toro ogologo". Mmalite ochie nke aha nna ahụ nwere ike ịbụ na mwakpo ndị France wakporo Nederlands, nke pụtara "Mmụọ ozi ahụ". N'afọ puku abụọ na asaa, ihe dị ka mmadụ 11,000 na Netherlands bu aha ahụ. Ndị nwere aha nna a gụnyere:
Francis Chouler
Francis Chouler bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na South Africa si Cape Town. Ọ zụrụ n'ime ihe nkiri na Mahadum nke Cape Town, gụsịrị akwụkwọ ma nweta BA na Theatre na Performance na 2010. Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ na ihe nkiri Bollywood, Crook. N'afọ 2016, ọ mere ihe ngosi dika Jack Cleary na ihe nkiri Eye in the Sky yana ịpụta na usoro Netflix The Crown. Francis bụ onye isi otu South African Guild of Actors
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
International Society for Industrial Ecology
International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE) bụ òtù ndị ọkachamara mba ụwa na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E mere mkpebi ịchọta ISIE na Jenụwarị 2000 na New York Academy of Sciences na nzukọ a raara nye gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị ọkachamara si n'akụkụ dị iche iche bịara. Òtù ahụ meghere ọnụ ụzọ ya maka ndị otu na Febụwarị 2001.
Ndị otu
E meela nzukọ ISIE na nso nso a na Mahadum Ulsan na South Korea, Melbourne, Australia, Mahadum California, Berkeley, na Stockholm Environmental Institute.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
thumb|upright|Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (Önwa mbu 15, 1929 — Önwa áno 4, 1968), mgbe mbu, bu onye Amerika onye íshí üka, onye ne mmẹ mmẹ maka ńdu madu na onye íshí di mkpa nke na cẹdolu na ogẹ mbu íwú ndụ madu nke ndi Afrika nke Amerika. Ihe o mẹrẹ di mkpa na uwa bu I me ka íwú ndu na Amerika gawá na nke oma, na dé má a wúziálá onyé madu né lezí anyá élú na ya. Üka abụọ nke Ndi Eféfé Kraist húrú ya ka onye nyéré onwe ya maka Chi. Onye íshí éféfé Baptist, King mere bú onye o bu na mgbe mbu mbu ime orü ya. O mereíshí Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955 na ó nyèrè áká I ké Southern Christian Leadership Conference na afọr 1957 ya bu íshí ya. Ihe o merìrì mere ka Ije na Washington na afọr 1963 me, o bu nga ka o nyèrè okwu "I Have a Dream". Nga, o safùrù madu anya na ihe íwú madu na é jé mgbe ahu na ọ mere onwe ya na anya ndi madu ka dioka ukwu na okwu ma okwu.
Òtù:Ndi Amerika Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika
Njikọ mgbasa ozi Pan-African na Mgbanwe ihu igwe
Njikọ mgbasa ozi Pan-African na Mgbanwe ihu igwe(PAMACC) bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Africa nke ndị nta akụkọ gbụrụ-gbúrụ ébé obibi. E kèrè ya n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 2013 na ogbako nke Pan African Climate Justice Alliance haziri màkà ndị nta akụkọ Africa.
Ebumnuche PAMACC bụ ịkwado ndị nta akụkọ iji melite akụkọ ha banyéré mgbanwe ihu igwe ma guzobe ébé nrụọrụ weebụ iji kesaa akụkọ ha.
Ọ nwèrè ndị nhazi mpaghara, ndị ga-agba ndị nta akụkọ ume ka ha guzobe ụlọ ọrụ mba na mba ọ bụla. Ónyé nhazi nke Southern Africa, Sellina Nkowani si Malawi, kwukwara na ọ chọrọ ka njikọ ahụ gbaa ụmụ nwanyị nta akụkọ ume ka ha kọọ banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ndị nhazi mpaghara ndị ọzọ bụ Elias Ngalame si Cameroon (màkà Central Africa), Atayi Babs Opaluwah si Nigeria (màkà West Africa) na Kizito Makoye si Tanzania (maka East Africa). Isaiah Esipisu si Kenya ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé nhazi kọntinent niile.
Malcolm X
Malcolm X (o sì nà nwatà zàa ahà Malcolm Little; 19 Ọnwaìse 1925 — 21 Ọnwaàbụọ 1965) ha màkwà ya kà El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (nà asụ̀sụ̀ Arabic: الحاجّ مالك الشباز‎) bụ̀ m̀gbè m̀bụ onye Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka onye Àlakụ̀ba ǹkè onye isi, onye nkwusi okwu, nà onye ndozi ìwu madụ̀. Nà anya ndị n'e so ya, ọ bụ̀ onye ike nà òdogwu màkà ịhe ọma o mèrè ndị Afrika ǹkè Amerika màkà ìwundụ̀ ha. Ọ bụ̀kwà màkà o chèdòrò ndị Afrika ime okwu o kwùrù màkà ndị ọcha ndị n'e megbu ndị oji. Ndị ọ̀ naghị̀ à masịrị ha sị̀ ọ bụ̀ onye n'e kwudà ndị ọcha, ha à sịkwa nà o n'e wèli ndị oji na elu isi ndị ọcha, ọ n'e kwudà ndị Ju, nà ọ bụ̀ onye ọ̀chọ ọ̀gụ̀. Madụ̀ sị̀ nà ọ bụ̀ onye Afrika ǹkè Amerika kachasị ị nwere ịhe ukwu o mèrè nà ụ̀wà.
M̀gbè ọ nọ̀ nà mkpọrọ, Malcolm X bànyèrè òtù ndị Nation of Islam. M̀gbè ọ pụ̀tàrà mkpọrọ, nà ntọpụ̀tụ mkpọrọ, nà afọ̀ 1952, ọ bàtàrà ị bụ onye isi nà onye ndụ̀ n'è kwusiri ndị Nation of Islam. Nà m̀gbè afọ̀ dị kà ìri nà àbụọ̄, ọ bụ̀ onye nnọchìri òtù Nation of Islam. Nsògbu chọ̀ṛ'ị dà na ètitì Malcolm X nà Elijah Muhammad, onye isi ǹke duru ndị Nation of Islam; ọ bụ̀ ịhe â mèrè kà Malcolm X jì la òtù â nà Ọnwaàtọ ǹkè afọ̀ 1964.
M̀gbè ọ làrà ndị Nation of Islam, Malcolm X bàrà ị bụ onye Àlakụ̀ba Sunni nà ọ gàrà njem Mecca; m̀gbè o mèchàrà ȯ gọrọ mbànyíkàrịrị àgùgò. O gàrìrì nà ímé Afrika na Odida Etítì à gárírí. O kèrè Muslim Mosque, Inc., òtù òkwùkwe, nà òtù nke òkwùkwe adịghị̀, nà ǹkè Africa-Nílé, Afro-American Unity. M̀gbè ịhe dịkà nà òrughị̀ otù afọ̀ o jì hapụ̀ ndị Nation of Islam, madụ̀ àtọ jụpụ̀tàrà ìgwè madụ̀ gbagbuo Malcolm X m̀gbè ọ n'ènye okwu nà New York.
Isi ndụ̀ ya
Ha mụ̀rụ̀ Malcolm Little nà Ọnwaìse, chi 19, nà afọ̀ 1925 nà Omaha, Nebraska. Nnà bụ̀ Earl Little, nne ya bụ̀ Louise Little (nà ahà nnà ya, Louise Norton). Nnà ya kwuru na ñkịtị nke ndi Baptist. O kwàdọrọ onye Adịèmenàotù Afụrịka Marcus Garvey nà m̀gbè ọ bụ̀ onye isi Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Malcolm échéfụghị óbị màkà ńwèliùgwù ndị oji na nkwàdo ònwe nnà ya nà ndị UNIA ọ̀zọ lìlì òlìlì. Malcolm X nà ogè gáfèrè sị na ímé nwanne Nwoke di ntà nke Earl di àtó, ndi ocha gbùrù ya na ùdò. Màkà ndị Ku Klux Klan lùrù ha ozi umesaojọ, ikwu ya à laje gàa Milwaukee, Wisconsin nà afọ̀ 1926, nà ogè adịghị ānyā ha à gakwa Lansing, Michigan.
thumb|Umunna nke Little na afọ̀ 1930 ímé ỌgwúoMádu US Earl Little jìrì njĪ nà ha mụ̀rụ̀ ya nà Georgia. O nwè mgbe áhụ úmù àtó shí nwínyè yá nke mbu: Ella, Mary, nà Earl Jr.; nà o nwè àsaà si nwunyè ọ lụ̀rụ̀ ǹkè búrú abụọ, Louise, ọ bu nke Malcolm byàrà nke ànó: Wilfred, Hilda, Philbert, Malcolm, Reginald, Yvonne, na Wesley.
Louise Little sì Grenada ebe ha mụ̀rụ̀ ya. Màkà nnà ya bụ̀ onye Scotland, àhụ ya dị̀ ọ̀cha, chara kà onye oyìbo. Malcolm nwètàrà àhụ ọ̀cha ya si nne ya nà nnà nne ya. Nà m̀gbe m̀bụ, àhụ ọ̀cha ya bụ̀ ịhe buru isi Malcolm màkà o chè sị̀ nà ọ bụ̀ ịhe ndị ukwu, ma m̀gbè ogè gafere ọ sị ótù mgbe na o "kpọrọ asị ọbạrạ nílé nọr na ya na àhú shí onye mmebuó nwanyì nke onye ọchá." Malcolm X chéfùtàrà na mgbe ógè gáfèrè na ńnà ya hùchara ya ányá kárírí úmù ya ndi nke ọ̀zọ màkà àhú ya di ȯchá kárírí úmù nọr na umunna ya; mànà o chè sị mmá ya megbụrụ yá màkà ótù ihe nke kwa. Otù áhà ha túrú ya, "Red" (ūfie), shì àgwà zírí nke na ntùtù ya. Nke ótù ọdé ndu mádu si bụ na mgbe há mùrù ya, o nwèrè "ntùtù chárá ka ánwú chákwá ntụ ntụ ... chákwá ka cinnamon", na afọ̀ ànó, "ntùtù chárá ka ánwú, ūfie dítúrú". Ntùtù ya gàrà ojié mgbe ó tòrò, mànà o yị kwàrà mmá nnà ya, onye ntùtù ya "chàrà ūfie, ūfie na ánwú summer." Okwu gbásárá àgwà àhú ya bịdọrọ Í di kwá mkpà na ndu Malcolm mgbe ó tòchàrà.
Na Önwa iri na abụọ nke 1924, Louise Little nwètèrè ozi ojö shí ndi Ku Klux Klan mgbe ȯ jị Malcolm dị íme. Ȯ kòwàrì na ndi áhù si umunna ha kpachákwá anya Í nọr nga na ha gí fwüor Omaha, màkà ihe Earl Little ne mè na UNIA nà "gbásà nsogbu".
Mgbe ha làchàrà Í ga Lansing, úlò ha gbàrà ökü ruó na àlà na afọ̀ 1929, mànà umụ̀nnà ha háfùrù me ọ díghì ihe méré ótù ha. Na Önwa itoolu 28, nke 1931, Earl Little dàrà nwüo na ihū ụgbo àlà na Lansing na okúrù uzọr. Ndi íshí mèrè önwu ya ka ihe mbèlèdè. Ndi nche obodo kwùrù na Earl Little nwèkwàrà íshí ya mgbe ọ gàrà ébé áhù, na ha sị ọ sị na ọ dànarị ímé mgbùrù mgbúrù ugbo àlà áhù. Malcolm X na óge gáfèrè chètàrà na ȯgbà ndi ojié sèrè okwu sí na ọ bi ihe öjö mádu mèrè ya. Ndi Black Region, ndi nnwétérí ndi ọchá na élú kàgburu ndi Umunna ya, ọ bu ndi á ńnà ya sị gbàrà úlò ha ökü na afọ̀ 1929. Ọ di ndi ojié chéré si ọ bu ọtú Black Legion gbùrù Earl Little. Na nke Malcolm dèrè na mgbe ógè gáfèrè, "Òtù ólé ka ńnà m gí suó íshí ya, sekpù na ónú ugbo àlà ka ugbó nírí ya na élú?"
Òtù:Ndi Amerika
GNU Free Documentation License
thumb|200px|right|GNU logo (a stylized [[:en:Wildebeest|gnu)]]
The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. It is the counterpart to the GNU GPL that gives readers the same rights to copy, redistribute and modify a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license. Copies may also be sold commercially, but if produced in larger quantities (greater than 100) then the original document or source code must be made available to the work's recipient.
The license was designed for manuals, textbooks, other reference and instructional materials, and documentation which often accompanies GPL software. However, it can be used for any text-based work, regardless of subject matter.
Secondary sections
The license explicitly separates any kind of "Document" from "Secondary Sections", which may not be integrated with the Document, but exist as front-matter materials or appendices. Secondary sections can contain information regarding the author's or publisher's relationship to the subject matter, but not any subject matter itself. While the Document itself is wholly editable, and is essentially covered by a license equivalent to (but both-ways incompatible with) the GNU General Public License, some of the secondary sections have various restrictions designed primarily to deal with proper attribution to previous authors.
Specifically, the authors of prior versions have to be acknowledged and certain "invariant sections" specified by the original author and dealing with his or her relationship to the subject matter may not be changed. If the material is modified, its title has to be changed (unless the prior authors give permission to retain the title). The license also has provisions for the handling of front-cover and back-cover texts of books, as well as for "History", "Acknowledgements", "Dedications" and "Endorsements" sections.
Commercial redistribution
The GFDL requires the ability to "copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially" and therefore is incompatible with material that excludes commercial re-use. Material that restricts commercial re-use is incompatible with the license and cannot be incorporated into the work. However, incorporating such restricted material may be fair use under United States copyright law and does not need to be licensed to fall within the GFDL if such fair use is covered by all potential subsequent uses. One example of such liberal and commercial fair use is parody.
Criticism of the GFDL
The Debian project and Nathanael Nerode have raised objection. Debian developers eventually voted to consider works licensed under the GFDL to comply with their Debian Free Software Guidelines provided the invariant section clauses are not used. These critics recommend the use of alternate licenses such as the share-alike Creative Commons licenses, the BSD Documentation License, or even the GNU GPL. They consider the GFDL a non-free license. The reasons for this are that the GFDL allows "invariant" text which cannot be modified or removed, and that its prohibition against digital rights management (DRM) systems applies to valid usages, like for "private copies made and not distributed".
Overly broad DRM clause
The GNU FDL contains the statement:
A criticism of this language is that it is too broad, because it applies to private copies made but not distributed. This means that a licensee is not allowed to save document copies "made" in a proprietary file format or using encryption.
Invariant sections
A GNU FDL work can quickly be encumbered because a new, different, title must be given and a list of previous titles must be kept. This could lead to the situation where there are a whole series of title pages, and dedications, in each and every copy of the book if it has a long lineage. These pages cannot ever be removed, at least not until the work enters the public domain after copyright expires.
Richard Stallman said about invariant sections on the debian-legal mailing list:
GPL incompatible in both directions
The GNU FDL is incompatible in both directions with the GPL: that is GNU FDL material cannot be put into GPL code and GPL code cannot be put into a GNU FDL manual. Because of this, code samples are often dual-licensed so that they may appear in documentation and can be incorporated into a free software program.