cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sheila Pree Bright
Ọrụ
A na-akọwakarị Bright dị ka "ónyé na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị". Ahụmahụ mbụ ya dị ka ónyé na-ese foto malitere mgbe ọ nọrọ oge na Houston ebe ọ malitere ise foto nke ebe egwu rap na-eme na ịnagide ike dị n'etiti hip hop na omenala égbè. N'afọ 2003, o mepụtara usoro foto thesis MFA ya, Plastic Bodies, nke gosipụtara na ihe nkírí Through the Lens Darkly ma gbasaa na Huffington Post n'afọ 2013. N'ime foto ndị a, ọ na-eji ihe oyiyi nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ụmụ bebi Barbie na mgbalị ịma echiche ọdịda anyanwụ nke ịdị ọcha na ịma mma aka ma nyochaa mmetụta echiche ndị a nwere na ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị na-acha. Bright mechara nweta otuto mba mgbe ọ meriri Center Prize na Santa Fe Center of Photography na 2006 maka usoro Suburbia ya, nke gosipụtara foto nke ndụ ndị Africa America. N'afọ 2008, o nwere ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya na High Museum of Art, na-egosi usoro ya Young Americans. Ndị na-ese foto ndị a bụ nzaghachi nye ihe ngosi na-adịghị mma nke Millennials. O kwere ka ndị ọ na-achị jiri ihe ndị ha, uwe, na ọnọdụ ha na-anwa "inye ha ikpo okwu iji kwuo màkà onwe ha".
Jimi Solanke
Jimi Solanke Listen (amụrụ na Julaị 1942) bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-eme egwuregwu, onye na'agụ egwú, onye na - na-ede abụ na onye na-ede egwuregwu.
Oge ọ malitere
Solanke gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ibadan, ebe ọ nwetara asambodo nzere diplọma na ihe nkiri.
Ọrụ
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Solanke kwagara na United States, ebe o mepụtara otu ihe nkiri a na-akpọ "The Africa Review", na-elekwasị anya na ọdịbendị Afrịka. Ndị otu a na-eyikarị uwe Africa, ọkachasị uwe Yoruba. Ha rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi ojii Afrika. Solanke guzobere onwe ya na Los Angeles, California, ebe ọrụ ịkọ akụkọ ya malitere. CNN kọwara ya dị ka "onye na-akọ akụkọ".
N'afọ 1986, ya na ndị otu Ndị Nyocha Afrịka atọ laghachiri Naịjirịa iji soro ndị Nigerian Television Authority rụọ ọrụ. Aha ya mere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Ola Balogun. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu mere ihe nkiri nke" Kongi's Harvest" nke onye Nobel Laureate bụ Wole Soyinka.
Edensibia
<references group="" responsive="1"> Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ghada Waly
Mmụta
Ghada Waly nwere MA na BA site na Mahadum Colorado State (US) na Ụmụ mmadụHumanities; o nwekwara diplọma na mmepe mba ụwa na diplọma na njikwa ọrụ ma nwee asambodo na Micro Finance site na Machịkwa Colorado Boulder. Ọ na-asụ Arabic, Bekee na French nke ọma ma nwee ihe ọmụma na-arụ ọrụ nke Spanish.
Ọrụ
Waly jere ozi dị ka Minista nke ịdị n'otu nke Ijipt site na ọnwa Machị afọ 2014 ruo Disemba afọ 2019. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi nke Kọmitii Inter-Ministerial maka Ikpe Ziri Ezi ma bụrụ onye isi oche nke Executive Council of Arab Ministers of Social Affairs na League of Arab States site na afọ 2014 ruo afọ 2019. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Nasser Social Bank, ụlọ ọrụ ego na-akwado mmepe ogbenye. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke National center maka nyocha gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na mpụ, National Fund for Drug and Addiction Control na National Authority of Social Insurance, nke na-ejere nde ndị Ijipt 25 ozi. Ọ nọdụrụ na bọọdụ nke Social Housing Fund na Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Unplanned Settlement Fund, Youth Fund na Ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa mba.
Nkọwa ọha
A họpụtara ya dị ka nwanyị kachasị nwee mmetụta na Egypt na 2016, dị ka Baseera Public Opinion Research Center si kwuo, Forbes Middle East họpụtara ya dịka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Arab iri kachasị ike na gọọmentị maka 2015, 2016, 2017 na 2018.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Anna Darius Ishaku
Anna Dickson Ishaku (née Mbasughun; amụrụ ya n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1957)o bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke NGO "Hope Afresh Foundation Taraba" buru kwa onye otu Nigerian Bar Association. Ọ lụrụ Darius Dickson Ishaku, Gọvanọ na Taraba Steeti.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Mbasughun bidoro Non-Governmental Organization "Hope Afresh Foundation Taraba" na Julaị asaa n'afo 2016. Ọhụụ ya bụ ịghọ onye isi ụwa na-enye ọrụ enyemaka.
Na Machị iri abuo n'abuo n'afo 2017, ntọ ala ahụ kwupụtara mmekọrịta ya na Central Bank of Naijiria iji zụọ ndị ntorobịa na-enweghị ọrụ. CBN Entrepreneurship Development Training anọwo na-adị ihe karịrị afọ abụọ na mpaghara North-East nke Naijiria mana o nweghị ndị Tarabans sonyere na ọzụzụ ahụ ruo mgbe Hope Afresh Foundation batara.
Ọrụ ọzọ bụ Hope Health Center (HHC), ụlọ ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-etinye aka n'imeziwanye ndụ ụmụ amaala Taraba, na-ebi ndụ na mmetụta nke iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ma na-ebelata mmetụta ọjọọ na ezinụlọ na ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu. Ọ bụkwa onye nkwado siri ike maka ụmụ nwanyị na iso,ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na udo.
Ndụ onwe onye
Mbasughun lụrụ MAzi Darius Dickson Ishaku, Gọvanọ nke Taraba Steeti ma ha nwere ụmụ ise.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tina Williams Brewer
Ọrụ
Brewers na-akpa ihe nnọchianya n'ime ọrụ ya iji kọọ akụkọ na-elekwasị ányà n'ihe gbásárá ezinụlọ, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka, na ime mmụọ nke ọdịbendị ndị Africa America, na ahụmịhe onwe ya metụtara ha. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya ndị okenye lekwasịrị anya na Middle Passage na ndị nna nna ya rutere America na ụgbọ mmiri ohu, mana ọ na-elekwasịkwa anya na onyinye ndị Africa America nyere na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọha mmadụ, dị ka Jazz.
Migration blues, 1998
Ibili n'ọhịa, 2014
Egwú na-agbagharị agbagharị na ụda na-amaghị ama
Ihe ngosi
E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ihe karịrị ebe 50 dị mkpa na United States, ụfọdụ n'ime ha gụnyere:
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Slim Mahfoudh
{{Databox))thumb Slim Mahfoudh (ihe dị ka n'afọ 1942 ruo n'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2017) bụ onye Tunisia na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'elu ikpo okwu, na ihe nkiri dịka L'Étoile du Nord na usoro telivishọn dịka Al Khottab Al Bab na Choufli Hal.
Chakaia Booker
Chakaia Booker's "Anonymous Donor" na Renwick Gallery
Chakaia Booker (amụrụ n'afọ 1953 na Newark, New Jersey) bụ onye America na-ese ihe nke a maara màkà ịmepụta nnukwu ọrụ, ọrụ na-enweghị atụ màkà ma gallery na oghere ọha na eze n'èzí. A na-etinye ọrụ Bookerī n'ihe karịrị nchịkọta ọha na eze 40 ma gosipụta ya na United States, Europe, Africa, na Eshia. A gụnyere Booker na 2000 Whitney Biennial, natara Guggenheim Fellowship na 2005, na American Academy of Arts and Letters Award for Art na 2001. Booker ebiela ma rụọ ọrụ na New York City East Village kemgbe mmalite afọ 1980 ma nwee ụlọ mmepụta ihe na Allentown, Pennsylvania.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Chakaia Booker na 1953 na Newark, New Jersey ma zụlite ya na East Orange, New Jersey. Ọ mụtara ịkwa ákwà site n'aka nné nné ya, nwanne nne ya, na nwanne ya nwaanyị. Ịrụzi, ịrụzi, na ịchịkwa ihe n'oge ọ bụ nwata bụ ntọala màkà Bookerz na-esote ụzọ màkà nka, ite, na ihe ọkpụkpụ, ọkachasị site na iji ụkpụrụ, ikwughachi, na owuwu modular.
Booker nwetara BA na sociology na Mahadum Rutgers na 1976 na MFA na City College nke New York na 1993. Booker amụọla ịgba egwú Africa, ite, ịkpa ákwà, basketry, na t'ai chi, nkè niile metụtara ụzọ o si arụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mak language
Asụsụ Mak (Chinese; autonym: ʔai3 maːk8) bụ KamáSui a na-asụ na Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. A na-asụkarị ya na obodo anọ dị na Yangfeng (羊/阳风乡, gụnyere Dali 大利村 na Xinchang 新场村 olumba[3]), Fangcun (方村), Jialiang (甲良), na Diwo (導) in Mpaghara Jialiang (甲良), Libo County. A pụkwara ịchọta ndị ọkà okwu Mak na Dushan County. A na-asụ Mak n'akụkụ Ai-Cham na Bouyei. Gọọmentị China na-ahazi Mak dị ka Bouyei.
Yang (2000) na-ewere Ai-Cham Mak bụrụ olumba dị iche iche nke otu asụsụ
Ọ bụ Fang-Kuei Li mụrụ asụsụ Fangcun na 1942, Dabai Ni nke Mahadum Minzu nke China mụkwara asụsụ Yangfeng na 1980. Ni kwukwara na ndị Mak na-abụ naanị abụ ndị Bouyei, nakwa na ihe dị ka puku mmadụ ise abanyela n’asụsụ Bouyei.
Tidjani Anaane
Tidjani Anaane (amụrụ na 29 Machị 1997) bụ onye Benin ọkachamara na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agbachitere Doxa Katokopias na ndị otu mba Benin.
Ọrụ mba ụwa
Anaane mere nke mbụ ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Benin na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru 2-1 mmeri megide Togo na 27 Machị 2019.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mohamed Zouaoui
Mohamed Zouaoui (Arabic: محمد الزواوي), bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri a mụrụ na Tunisia nke bi na Ịtali. N'afọ 2004, ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya na telivishọn, nweta ọrụ mbụ ya na miniseries TV Posso chiamarti amore?. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Nassiryia - Per non dimensicare (Nasiriyah - Ka anyị ghara ichefu), Capri, na RIS Delitti Imperfetti (Scientific Investigations Unit: Imperfect Crimes). N'afọ 2007, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na miniseries Liberi di giocare. Ihe nkiri izizi ya bụ ihe nkiri afọ 2008 L'ultimo pulcinella, nke Maurizio Scapparo duziri. N'afọ 2009, ọ pụtara na I mostri oggi, n'afọ 2010 pụtara na The Father and the Foreigner. N'afọ 2010 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na I fiori di Kirkuk, nke Fariborz Kamkari duziri. Maka ọrụ a, o nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye, gụnyere "Golden Globe" 2011 Globo d'Oro maka Best New Actor.
N'afọ 2012, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri onwe ya Carta Bianca, nke onye nduzi Colombian Andreas Maldonado, ihe nkiri dabeere na akụkọ eziokwu.
N'etiti afọ 2014 na 2016 Zouaoui na-ekere òkè n'ọtụtụ ọrụ gụnyere, Movies, obere ihe nkiri, na usoro TV.
N'afọ 2018 o sonyere na ihe nkiri Beirut, nke Brad Anderson duziri na Jon Hamm nakwa Rosamund Pike. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara na Sundance Film Festival afọ 2018 na Jenụwarị 22.
N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ bụ onye isi ihe nkiri Italian-Moroccan Catharsys maọbụbụ The Afina Tales of the Lost World, nke e gosipụtara na asọmpi n'ọtụtụ mmemme dị mkpa gụnyere Turin Film Festival na Marrakech International Film Festival.
N'afọ 2019 ya na Claudia Gerini gbara ihe nkiri Burraco Fatale nke Giuliana Gamba.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Aaron Adatsi
Yolo (Ị ga-ebi naanị otu ugboro) bụ usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn nke Ghana. Usoro a bụ ihe na-esote usoro ihe nkiri TV nke Ghana bụ Ihe Anyị Na-eme maka Ịhụnanya. Ọ na-adụ ndị ntorobịa ọdụ ma na-eduzi ihe ịma aka ha na-eche ihu n'oge uto ha. Usoro telivishọn nke Ivan Quashigah mepụtara ma duzie
Site na Farm House Production, Yolo malitere na 2016. Ọ na-egosi na TV3 Ghana na Africa Magic.
Farmhouse Production gosipụtara ụfọdụ ihe odide ọhụrụ n'akụkụ nke ochie nke gụnyere Kelvin Bruun dị ka Mark Anthony, Ama Ampofo Ababio dị ka Ariana, Akosua Asare Brewu dị ka Tilly, na Joseph Delove August dị ka Odenkyem. Ọ bụ Selassie Yao dere edemede ahụ ma Ivan Quashigah duzie ya dịka ọ na-adịkarị.
The YOLO TV Series bụ atụmatụ nke National Population Council na mmekorita ya na Ghana Health Service, Ghana Education Service & National Youth Authority (Ghana) nke Communicate For Health na FHI360 na-enyere aka ma USAID na-akwado ya.
Asụsụ ndị Daka
Daka (Dakka, Dekka, anaghị adịkarịghị Deng ma ọ bụ Tikk) bụ otu n'ime asụsụ abụọ ndị Chamba na-asụ na Naịjirịa, nke ọzọ bụ kwa Chamba Leko.
Ụdị dị iche iche
Daka bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ. A na-akpọ asụsụ Chamba Daka (ma ọ bụ Samba, Tsamba, Tchamba, Sama, Jama Daka; nakwa Nakanyare) ma bụrụ 90% nke ndị na-ekwu okwu. A na-akpọkwa Chamba Daka Sámá Mūm.
Asụsụ ndị ọzọ bụ Dirim (Dirin, Dirrim), Lamja, Dengsa, na Tola. Dirim na LamjańDengsaʹTola nwere koodu ISO dị iche iche, mana Ethnologue na-ekwu na ha 'dị nso na Samba Daka ma nwee ike ịbụ olumba' ma ọ bụ 'ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị adị iche na Samba daka iji bụrụ asụsụ dị iche', ma n'ezie depụta Dirim dị ka olumba n'okpuru Daka. Blench (2011) depụtara Dirim dị ka onye na-ejikọta ya na ụdị Daka ndị ọzọ: Nnakenyare, Mapeo, Jangani, Lamja, Dirim, na-atụ aro na ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere Lamja na Dirim dị iche iche, dịka na Ethnologue, mgbe ahụ Samba Daka n'onwe ya kwesịrị ka e kewaa ya n'asụsụ atọ ọzọ.
Ningye language
Ndị mmadụ 3,000 ruo 4,000 na-asụ Ningye n'obodo Ningeshen Kurmi, Kaduna State, Naijiria. Obodo nta a dị ihe dị ka kilomita 19 n'ebe ndịda Fadan Karshi n'okporo ụzọ Akwanga. <references group="" responsive="1">
Asụsụ ndị Daka
Ụdị dị iche iche
Blench depụtara ụdị ndị a dị ka asụsụ Samba Daka.
Nchịkọta
Greenberg debere Samba Daka n'ime atụmatụ Adamawa ya, dị ka otu G3, mana Bennett (1983) gosipụtara na afọ ojuju zuru oke na ọ bụ asụsụ Benuezongo, ọ bụ ezie na a na-arụ ụka banyere ọnọdụ ya n'ime Benuez Congo. Blench (2011) weere ya dị ka Bantoid. Otú ọ dị, Boyd (ms), na-ewere Daka dị ka alaka dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime Niger Congo (Blench 2008). Blench (2011) depụtara Taram dị ka asụsụ dị iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Asụsụ ndị Naijiria Òtù:Asụsụ ndị Northern Bantoid Òtù:Asụsụ ndị Adamawa
Xilinx
thumb|Xilinx Xilinx, Inc. (/ˈzaɪlɪŋks/ ZY-links) bụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ na semiconductor nke America nke na-enye ngwaọrụ arụmụka a na-eme atụmatụ. Amara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ maka imepụta ụzọ ụzọ ámá ga-emepe emepe nke mbụ (FPGA) na ịmepụta ụdị nrụpụta mbụ na-enweghị isi.
Ross Freeman, Bernard Vonderschmitt, na James V Barnett II guzobere Xilinx na 1984 na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ pụtara n'ihu ọha na NASDAQ na 1990. AMD kwupụtara nnweta Xilinx na Ọktọba 2020 na nkwekọrịta ahụ mechara na February 14, 2022 site na azụmahịa ahịa niile ruru ihe ruru ijeri $50
Antonio Janigro
Antonio Janigro (21 Jenụwarị 1918 1 Mee 1989) bụ onye Ịtali na-akpọ violin na onye nduzi.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Milan, ọ malitere ịmụ piano mgbe ọ dị afọ isii na cello mgbe ọ dị asatọ. Na mbụ, ọ bụ Giovanni Berti kụziiri ya, Janigro debanyere aha na Verdi Conservatory nke Milan, ebe Gilberto Crepax kụziiri ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1934, Janigro nọ na-amụ ihe n'okpuru Diran Alexanian na Pablo Casals na École Normale na Paris. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na 1934 wee malite ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na Dinu Lipatti, Paul Badura-Skoda na Alfredo Rossi.
N'ụzọ dị mwute, ezumike oge na Yugoslavia hapụrụ Janigro n'ime mba ahụ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ nke cello na chamber music na Zagreb Conservatory, ebe mmetụta ya mepụtara egwu cello nke oge a na Yugoslavia. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka akụkụ nke Maček-Šulek-Janigro Trio. Na ngwụcha agha ahụ, Janigro gara South America na Far East dị ka onye na-egwu egwu. N'afọ 1949, ọ malitere ọrụ6 ya dị ka onye nduzi. N'afọ 1959, ọ bụ onye na-agụ egwu Fritz Reiner, ya na Milton Preves na John Weicher, na ndekọ a ma ama nke Chicago Symphony Orchestra nke Strauss's <i id="mwLg">Don Quixote</i>.
Onye nkuzi nwere onyinye pụrụ iche, Janigro kụziiri ọtụtụ ndị na-eme violin gburugburu ụwa. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha gụrụ akwụkwọ na Staatliche Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Stuttgart na Mozarteum Salzburg. N'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ Julius Berger, Mario Brunello, Thomas Demenga, Michael Flaksman, Michael Groß, Antonio Meneses, Andrej Petrac, Mario de Secondi, Giovanni Sollima, Gustavo Tavares, Enrico Dindo na Christoph Theinert.
Nkwupụta carbon nke ala
Nzaghachi carbon nke ala na-emetụta ntọhapụ nke carbon site na ala na nzaghachi maka okpomọkụ ụwa. Nzaghachi a n'okpuru mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ nzaghachi ihu igwe dị mma. Enwere ihe dịka okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ karịa carbon n'ime ala ụwa karịa ikuku ụwa, nke na-eme ka nghọta nzaghachi a dị mkpa iji ghọta mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ọdịnihu. Ọnụego iku ume ala na-abawanye bụ isi ihe kpatara nzaghachi a, ebe nha na-egosi na okpomọkụ 4 °C na-abawanye iku ume ala kwa afọ site na 37%..
Carter Brey
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Carter Brey na Montclair, New Jersey ma too na Westchester County, New York. Ọ malitere ịkpọ violin mgbe ọ dị afọ 9 na cello mgbe ọ dị dingwaga 12 n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ tụgharịghị echiche ịghọ onye na-agụ egwú ruo mgbe ọ dị iri na isii. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Laurence Lesser na Stephen Kates na Mahadum Johns Hopkins's Peabody Institute ma mesịa soro Aldo Parisot na Mahadim Yale, ebe ọ bụ Wardell Fellow na Houpt Scholar. Ọ kụziri na Mahadum nke South Florida n'etiti oge ya na Peabody na Yale. N'afọ 1979, ọ sonyeere ndị Cleveland Orchestra ebe ọ gbara egwu oge abụọ.
Nkwupụta carbon nke ala
Mmetụta na mgbanwe ihu igwe
thumb|Mmetụta nke CO2 dị elu na ebe nchekwa carbon nke ala Nnyocha dabere na mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ọdịnihu, na nzaghachi carbon nke ala, nke e mere kemgbe afọ 1991 na Harvard, na-atụ aro ntọhapụ nke ihe dị ka petagrams otu narị na itoolu nke carbon nke ala ahụ, nke ya na afọ iri abụọ gara aga nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ site na ọkụ ọkụ, ruo 2100 site na mita 1 nke ala ụwa, n'ihi mgbanwe na obodo microbial n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị elu.
Nnyocha nke afọ 2018 kwubiri, "Mfu nke carbon ala na-emetụta ihu igwe na-eme ugbu a n'ọtụtụ gburugburu ebe obibi, yana ihe a na-achọpụta ma na-aga n'ihu na-apụta na ụwa. "
Carter Brey
Akụkọ ndụ
Dị ka onye na-agụ egwu ,Breyhas performed with the Tokyo string Quartet,
The Emerson string Quartet New York youth symphony and the chamber music society of Lincoln centre.he has performed at the spoleto festivals in tje United States and Italy the santa Dr chamber Music festival,the La Jolla Chamber music festival and elsewhere.
Nkwupụta carbon nke ala
Mmiri kpụkọrọ akpụkọ
Nri nke permafrost (ala oyi kpọnwụrụ), nke dị na latitudes dị elu, mpaghara Arctic na sub-Arctic, na-atụ aro dabere na ihe akaebe na-egosi ntọhapụ nke ikuku gas na-adịghị ala ala na mgbanwe ihu igwe na-aga n'ihu site na mgbanwe ikuku carbon ndị a.
Carter Brey
Akụkọ ndụ
Brey bi na New York City. Ọ sonyeere ngalaba nke Curtis Institute of Music na 2008.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nkwupụta carbon nke ala
Ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu
Nnyocha e bipụtara n'afọ 2011 chọpụtara ihe a na-akpọ compost-bomb instability, nke metụtara ebe nkwụsịtụ na ikuku carbon na-agbawa agbawa site na peatlands. Ndị dere ya kwuru na e nwere nkwụsi ike carbon nke ala pụrụ iche maka okpomọkụ ikuku ọ bụla. N'agbanyeghị amụma ahụ na nguzozi carbon nke peatlands ga-esi na sink gaa na isi iyi na narị afọ a, a ka na-ewepụ usoro okike peatland site na ụdị usoro usoro ụwa na ụdị nyocha jikọtara ọnụ.
Ihe Ndị A Na-ejighị N'aka
Ụdị ihu igwe anaghị atụle mmetụta nke mwepụta okpomọkụ nke biochemical metụtara mbibi microbial. Ihe mgbochi na nghọta anyị banyere cycli] Mbelata na nghọta anyị banyere ịgba ígwè carbon sitere na ezughị ezu incorporation nke ala anụmanụ, gụnyere ụmụ ahụhụ na ikpuru, na mmekọrịta ha na microbial obodo n'ime ụwa decomposition ụdị.
Adewale Adeyinka
thumb|Adewale Adeyinka
Adewale Adeyinka (amụrụ na 14 Disemba 1996) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-edebe goolu maka Kwara United na ndị otu mba Naijiria. Ọ bụbu onye egwuregwu Naịjirịa U17.
Adeyinka meriri Ọkachamara bọọlụ Naịjirịa League na Akwa United na oge 2020-21.
Nwa amaala Kwara nwere ihe ndekọ maka ọtụtụ mpempe akwụkwọ dị ọcha na Nigeria Professional Football League, mgbe ọ gachara egwuregwu iri na isii n'enyeghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ na oge 2020-21.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Robert Hausmann
thumb|Robert Hausmann Mtn Robert Hausmann (13 Ọgọstụ 1852 18 Jenụwarị 1909) bụ onye ama ama na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke Germany nke gosipụtara ọrụ dị mkpa nke Johannes Brahms (gụnyere Double Concerto) na Max Bruch (gụnyere <i id="mwDw">Kol Nidrei</i> ). Ọ bụ onye na-eme violin maka Joachim Quartet ma kụzie na Berlin Königliche Hochschule für Müsik.
Akụkọ ndụ
thumb|300x300px|Ndị Joachim Quartet. Site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri: Robert Hausmann (cello), Joseph Joachim (1st violin), Emanuel Wirth (viola) na Karel Halíř (2nd violin) thumb|Ndị Joachim Quartet A mụrụ Robert Hausmann na Rottleberode, Harz, na Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Nna nna ya, Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann (1782-1859) bụ Prọfesọ nke Mineralogy na Mahadum Göttingen, nna ya Friedrich Ludolf Hausmann (1810-1880) sokwa na-egwu ala na ugwu Harz. Ezinụlọ Hausmann keere òkè dị mkpa na ndụ obodo na ọdịbendị nke obodo Hanover kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na asatọ. Nwanne nna Robert Bernhard (1784-1873) bụ onye nchịkọta nka dị mkpa na onye na-eme violin nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, Erinnerungen aus dem 80 jährigen Leben eines hannoverschen Burgers Hannover (1873) nyere nkọwa zuru ezu banyere ọtụtụ ọrụ ya n'oge ihe omume na akụkọ ihe mere anya nke Hanover.
Robert banyere na Gymnasium dị na Brunswick mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ na 1861, ebe ọmụmụ cello ya gara n'ihu n'okpuru Theodor Müller, onye na-eme cello nke Müller Quartet, otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri na Germany. N'afọ 1869 ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ mbụ nke Berlin Hochschule für Musik, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru nwa nwanne Müller Wilhelm Müller, n'okpuru nduzi nke onye na-eme violin Joseph Joachim. Joachim mere ka ọ mata nnukwu onye Ịtali na-eme violin na onye nkuzi Carlo Alfredo Piatti (1822-1901), onye kụziiri ya na London na 1871 nakwa na ala ya na Cadenabbia na Lake Como, Ịtali.
He then  joined the string quartet of count Hochberg in silesia site n'afo 1871 ruo na 1876  mgbe ahoputara ya dika instructor nke cello at the Berlin hochschule. He became principal instructor on the retirement of Wilhelm Muller na 1879 and was name onye okachamara n'afo 1884.Site na 1879 ruo ọnwụ Joseph Joachim na 1907 ọ bụ onye na-eme violin nke Joachim Quartet, n'akụkụ Joachim n'onwe ya (1st violin), Heinrich de Ahna (ruo ọnwụ ya na 1892), nke Karel Halíř (2nd violin) na Emanuel Wirth (viola) nọchiri. Ọ bụ onye na-egwu egwu ụlọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, onye a ma ama na Germany, na Europe n'ozuzu ya, na London. Hausmann rụrụ ọrụ na Britain ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ọ bụla, malite na 1876, ruo otu ọnwa tupu ọnwụ ya.
N'afọ 1879-80, Charles Villiers Stanford dere Cello Concerto na D obere maka Robert Hausmann. Nke a sochiri mmalite Hausmann na England Stanford's Cello Sonata, Op. 9, na 1879. Ọ bụ nke mbụ dị ịrịba ama British cello sonata. N'afọ 1881, Hausmann wepụtara Max Bruch's <i id="mwOg">Kol Nidrei</i>, Op. 47, nke a raara nye ya. Bruch dere nke a na nzaghachi maka arịrịọ ogologo oge sitere n'aka Hausmann ka o dee otu egwu maka cello na orchestra iji kwekọọ na ndị o dere maka violin na orchestra. Bruch gakwara Hausmann maka bowings na akụkụ teknụzụ ndị ọzọ. Bruch's Canzone in B-flat, Op. 55, na Vier Stücke, Op. 70, raara nye Hausmann.
Mmekọrịta kachasị mkpa Hausmann bụ na Johannes Brahms. Mgbe ha gụsịrị egwu na 1883, ọ bụ onye ọbịa na-agakarị n'etiti ndị enyi Brahms bụ ndị na-eme ihe ngosi onwe ha n'ụlọ ha. Cello Sonata No. 2 na F major, Op. 99, bụ nke a raara nye ma gosipụta na Vienna, ya na onye dere ya na piano (14 Nọvemba 1886). O mekwara ka Cello Sonata No. 1 na E obere, Op. 38. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1891, o sonyere na mmemme nke mbụ, na Meiningen, nke Clarinet Trio na A minor, Op. 114, ya na Richard Mühlfeld na clarinet na Brahms na piano. N'ọnwa na-esote, ha nwere mmeri na mmeghe ọha na eze na Berlin. Ọzọkwa, Hausmann so na Berlin premieres nke Brahms's Piano Trio in C minor Op. 101, Quintet in G Major, Op. 111, na Clarinet Quintet, Op.
Nke kachasị mkpa, Hausmann na Joseph Joachim bụ ndị soloist abụọ Brahms dere Double Concerto in A minor, Op. 102, ọrụ egwu ikpeazụ ya. Brahms so ha abụọ rụọ ọrụ n'ihe nkiri ahụ tupu emume izizi ya na Wiesbaden na 18 Ọktoba 1887. Onye nkatọ Eduard Hanslick dere na Hausmann "dị ala karịa Joachim". Dị ka akụkụ nke Joachim Quartet, Hausmann kwadoro egwu ụlọ niile nke Brahms maka eriri, nke a na-egosipụta mgbe niile na usoro egwu egwu nke Quartet na Berlin ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ. E wezụga Quartet, Hausmann bụ onye guzobere otu piano trio, nke ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Hochschule, Heinrich de Ahna (ya na Emanuel Wirth nọchiri de Ahna mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1892) na onye na-akpọ piano Heinrich Barth. Ha malitere usoro ịgba egwu na Berlin nke were site na 1878 ruo 1907. Oge egwu ha yiri nke Quartet, malite n'ọnwa Ọktoba ma kwụsị na Machị. Afọ mbụ ha na-egwu egwu bụ na Singakademie. Otú ọ dị, n'afọ 1889, ha malitere ịkpọ "mgbede egwu ụlọ a ma ama" na Philharmonie buru ibu, ebe ha na-ejikarị oche 2000-plus.
N'afọ 1894, Hausmann lụrụ Helene von Maybach, nwa nwanyị nke Minista Azụmaahịa Prussian Albert von Maybach. Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ: Luise (b. 1895) na Friedrich Georg (b. 1900), onye ghọkwara onye egwu.
Ụmụ akwụkwọ ya gụnyere Friedrich Koch (onye nkuzi nke Boris Blacher na Paul Kletzki), Wallingford Riegger, Philipp Roth, Percy Such, Hugo Dechert, Otto Lüdemann, Agustín Rubio, Lucy Campbell, Arthur Williams, na ndị ọzọ. Lee: Ndepụta nke ụmụ akwụkwọ egwu site na onye nkuzi: G ruo J#Robert Hausmann.
Adiato Djaló Nandigna
Adiato Djaló Nandigna (amụrụ na ubochi isii na onwa Nọvemba na afo 1958) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Bissau-Guinean na onye bụbu praịm minista nke Guinea-Bissau. A kwaturu ọchịchị ya na 2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état, ndị ọrụ nchekwa jidekwara ya na afo 2013. O mechara laghachi dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa na ụlọ ọrụ Praịm Minista Carlos Correia na 2015.
Robert Hausmann
Akụkọ ndụ
Robert Hausmann nwuru na vienna na jenuwari 1909 ogbara afo iri ise na abuo after playing a recital of Beethovens cello sonatas with marie Baumeyer na Graz na uhuru uchi. Donald Tovey had played chamber music with Joachim and Hausmann during their last year's and his Elegiac variations for cello and piano op 10 edere ya na ncheta Hausmann
Adiato Djaló Nandigna
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2008, Adiato Djaló Nandigna na-eje ozi dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị, ntorobịa na egwuregwu n'ime gọọmentị Guinea-Bissau.
Robert Hausmann
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Adiato Djaló Nandigna
Ọ bụ onye na-anọchite anya praịm minista nke Guinea-Bissau site na ubochi iri na onwa Febụwarị wee ruo 12 Eprel na afo 2012. Ọ bụ praịm minista mbụ onye bu ya ụzọ họpụtara (n'ihi na onye isi ala na-anọchi anya ya enweghị ike ịhọpụta praịm Minista) yana nwanyị mbụ nọ n'ọfịs ahụ. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuru gọọmentị. Ọ bụbu Minista na-ahụ maka nkwukọrịta n'okpuru Praịm Minista Carlos Gomes Júnior, onye gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọfịs ya iji mee mkpọsa maka ọkwa onye isi ala na-enweghị isi mgbe ọnwụ Malam Bacai Sanhá gasịrị.
A chụpụrụ ya n'ọchịchị, ya na onye isi ala Raimundo Pereira na ndị ọzọ so n'ọkwa gọọmentị. N'oge nnupụisi ahụ, a gbara ya égbè n'onwe ya. Ndị ọrụ nzuzo na nchekwa Guinea-Bissau jidere Nandigna na ubochi nke iri abuo na otu na onwa Nọvemba na afo 2013, nke Guinean Human Rights League katọrọ.
Mgbe ọ ghọsịrị onye ndụmọdụ nke Onye isi ala José Mário Vaz, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa n'afọ 2015 n'okpuru onye na-anọchite anya Praịm Minista Carlos Correia. Ọ gara n'ihu n'ọrụ a n'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ kwuru banyere ihe isi ike na-alụso mbubata ọgwụ ọjọọ ọgụ na Bissagos Islands. Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Abdelmajid Lakhal
Abdelmajid Lakhal (November 29, 1939 - September 27, 2014) bụ onye Tunisia na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi ihe nkiri. A na-ewere ya dịka onye ntụgharị ọkachamara na onye nwere ọtụtụ ihe. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ oge ochie (Carlo Goldoni, Anton Chekhov) sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Arabic, na ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Tunis, nke a nabatara nke ọma. A maara ya na Arab Television maka ime ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ telivishọn.
Mmalite ndụ
A mụrụ Lakhal na Bizerte na Nọvemba 29, 1939, ya na ezinụlọ ya biri na Hammam-Lif. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 9 n'afọ 1948 na 'Khātimat al-naffāf' (Ọgwụgwụ nke onye ọgwụ morphine riri ahụ).
Ọrụ
Ọ na-ekwu na mmasị maka ihe nkiri were ya "... kpamkpam mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii....". Ọ sonyeere ụmụ akwụkwọ 'Group Jeunes Comédiens', na Hammam-Lif.
N'afọ 1965, ọ duziri Georges Dandin nke Molière na otu al-Nuhūd nke Tunis.
Site n'afọ 1966-1967 ọ kpara Flaminio site na Robert Merle, Yerma site na Federico García Lorca, na Marshall site na Molière's Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme.
Maka mgbanwe nke Hamlet n'afọ 1968 n'obodo Hammamet, Tunisia, Lakhal bụ osote onye nduzi Alì Ben Ayed. N'afọ 1971, o mere nke mbụ ya dịka onye nduzi ọkachamara na '8 Ladies' nke Robert Thomas.
N'afọ 1974 ọ duziri The Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), n'afọ 1982 ọ kpara Magid na 'La Noce' (Luce Berthommé [fr]), nke emere ọzọ na Théâtre du Lucernaire na Paris. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ịmepụta 'Jafabule' (Christian Le Guillochet).
Ọ hazikwara njem ma duzie Group of the Theatre de Tunis, nke rụrụ ọrụ ugboro atọ na 'Théâtre de la Ville' (Paris), nakwa na Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Vienna, Egypt, na Lebanon.
Dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri
thumb|Abdelmajid Lakhal na 2007
Adnen Helali
Ihe nkiri
N'afọ 2007, Adnen pụtara dịka Garrett Flaherty na Left for Dead; ihe nkiri egwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke America nke Victoria Maurette na-eme na nke Albert Pyun duziri.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mmanụ (ihe nkiri)
Mmanụ bụ ihe nkiri nke afọ 2009 nke Massimiliano Mazzotta duziri. Ọ na-enyocha onye na-enye ike n'Ịtali bụ Saras S.p.A., na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ịmepụta mmanụ na mmepụta ọkụ eletrik, nke dị n'àgwàetiti Sardinia, nso Cagliari na mmetụta mmepe mmanụ na ala na ndụ ndị obodo.
Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu
thumb|Ụgbọ ala na-anakọta ihe mkpofu pụrụ iche na-enye nchịkọta ihe mkpofu obodo mgbe niile n'ógbè dị na [[Stockholm, Sweden]] thumb|Ndị na-ekpokọta ihe mkpofu na-ere ihe mkpofu e-na-ọkụ na Agbogbloshie, ebe dị nso na Accra na Ghana nke na-edozi nnukwu ihe mkpofu eletrọniki mba ụwa. Ndị na-anakọta ihe na-ere plastik na ihe ndị ahụ ọkụ, ma na-anakkọta ọla maka imegharị ihe. Otú ọ dị, usoro a na-ekpughe ndị na-ere ihe na obodo ha na anwụrụ ọkụ na-egbu egbu. thumb|Ụlọ ọrụ na-emegharị ihe na ihe mkpofu na ike maka ihe mkpofu nke a na-ebupụghị Ijikwa mkpofu ma ọ bụ mkpofu mkpofu gụnyere usoro na omume achọrọ iji jikwaa ihe mkpofu site na mmalite ya ruo na mkpofu ikpeazụ ya. Nke a gụnyere nchịkọta, ibufe, ọgwụgwọ na ikpofu ihe mkpofu, yana nlekota na nhazi nke usoro nhazi mkpofu na iwu metụtara mkpofu, teknụzụ, usoro akụ na ụba.
Fadhel Jaziri
Fadhel Jaziri (a mụrụ n'afọ 1948) bụ onye Tunisia na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi ihe nkiri.
Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu
Ihe mkpofu nwere ike ịbụ nke siri ike, mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ gas na ụdị ọ bụla nwere ụzọ dị iche iche nke mkpofu na njikwa. Nlekọta mkpofu na-emetụta ụdị mkpofu niile, gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ndu, ezinụlọ, ime obodo, organic, biomedical, radioactive wastes. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mkpofu nwere ike ibute ahụike mmadụ egwu. A na-ejikọta nsogbu ahụike n'ime usoro nlekọta mkpofu niile. Okwu ahụike nwekwara ike ibilite n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè ma ọ bụ ozugbo: ozugbo site na njikwa ihe mkpofu siri ike, yana na-apụtaghị ìhè site na iri mmiri, ala na nri. A na-emepụta ihe mkpofu site na ọrụ mmadụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmịpụta na nhazi nke akụrụngwa. Ezubere njikwa mkpofu iji belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ihe mkpofu na ahụike mmadụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, akụrụngwa mbara ala na ịchọ mma.
Chakato language
Chakato (Jakato [ʒàkàtɔ̀] mà ọ bụ Jakattoe) bụ asụsụ West Chadic á na-asụ ná Plateau State, Nigeria. Ọ bụ Roger Blench chọpụtara yá ná 2016. Ìhè dị kà mmadụ 500 na-asụ yá n'otu ọbọdọ, Dokan Tofa, nkè dị n'okporo ụzọ Jos-Shendam ná Plateau State. Blench (2017) na-atụ aro ná Chakato nwèrè ike ịnwe njikọ ná ndekọ ụgha nke asụsụ Jorto. Ndị na-asụ Chakato na-ekwu ná asụsụ ha nwèrè njikọ chiri ányá ná Goemai.
Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu
Ebumnuche nke njikwa mkpofu bụ ibelata mmetụta dị egwu nke ihe mkpofu dị otú ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ. Otu nnukwu akụkụ nke njikwa mkpofu na-ahụ maka mkpofu siri ike nke ime obodo, nke a na-emepụta site na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, azụmahịa na ụlọ.
Fadhel Jaziri
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Fadhel Jaziri na medina nke isi obodo Tunisia n'afọ 1948 n'ezinụlọ nọ n'ọkwá dị elu nke azụkarị ahịa fez. Na mgbakwunye na azụmaahịa ndị ọzọ metụtara ụlọ ọrụ ile ọbịa, nna Jaziri nwere ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na mpaghara Bab Souika. Fadhel na-eto eto si otú a nwee ohere izute ma bụrụ onye ndị ọrụ nka, ihe nkiri na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emetụta nke nna ya na-enwekarị obi ụtọ ịnata. Fadhel Jaziri gara Sadiki College nke oge a ebe o nwere ahụmịhe nwa akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na otu ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme ihe nkiri nke gụnyere onye na-eme egwuregwu Tunisian Raouf Ben Amor. N'oge ihe omume nke afọ 1968, Jaziri na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma sonye na ngagharị iwe na-ewere ọnọdụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Tunisia ebe o kwupụtara okwu. Iwe nwa okorobịa ya megide mmegide na nrụrụ aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere ka a chụpụ ya na Faculty of Arts tupu ọ gụchaa diplọma ya na nkà ihe ọmụma. N'ụzọ dị mma maka ya, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ natara agụmakwụkwọ iji mụọ na isi obodo England yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eto eto Tunisian.
Chakato language
Jorto bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic nkè á na-ekwu ná á na-asụ ná Plateau State, Nigeria, mà depụta yá ugbua á ná Ethnologue. E webatara yá ná nyocha ethnographic nkè C. G. Ames na 1934. Glottolog lara ezumike nká ugbu a, dabere na ìhè áká ebe ọrụ ubi nkè Roger Blench gosipụtara nkè na-egosi na ọ nweghị ìhè áká ebe kwụụrụ onwé yá ná Jorto dị.
Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu
Usoro nlekọta mkpofu adịghị n'otu n'etiti mba (mba ndị mepere emepe na ndị na-emepe emepe); mpaghara (ime obodo na ime obodo), na ngalaba obibi na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nwere ike were ụzọ dị iche iche
Chakato language
N'aka nkè ọzọ, a jụrụ arịrịọ màkà ịla ezumike nká ná koodu Jorto ISO 639-3 jrt n'ihi ná otú ìgwè ná Naịjirịa nyochara mpaghara, nkè ọ bụ ezie ná há na-akpọ asụsụ ha "Jakattoe", otu ndị àgbàtà obi na-eji "Jorto". Mànà ọnọdụ nkè koodu jrt n'onwe yá mèchàrà gbanwee nwa ógè kà ọ bụrụ "Deprecated" na ngwụcha 2020. Na Jenụwarị 15, 2021, SIL weghachiri jrt ma gbanwee aha yá kà ọ bụrụ Jakattoe.
Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu
Nchịkwa kwesịrị ekwesị nke ihe mkpofu dị mkpa maka iwu obodo ndị na-adịgide adịgide na ndị a na-ebi ebi, mana ọ ka bụ ihe ịma aka maka ọtụtụ mba na obodo ndị na'ime obodo na-emepe emepe. Akụkọ chọpụtara na njikwa ihe mkpofu dị oke ọnụ, na-agụnyekarị 20%-50% nke mmefu ego obodo. Ịrụ ọrụ obodo a dị mkpa chọrọ usoro jikọtara ọnụ nke dị irè, na-adịgide adịgide, na nkwado ọha na eze. Akụkụ dị ukwuu nke omume nchịkwa ihe mkpofu na emetụta ihe mkpofu siri ike nke obodo (MSW) nke bụ ihe ka ukwuu n'ihe mkpofu nke ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na ọrụ azụmahịa mepụtara. Dị ka Ndị otu gọọmentị etiti na mgbanwe ihu igwe(IPCC) si kwuo, a na-atụ anya na ihe mkpofu obodo ga-eru ihe dịka 3.4 Gt ka ọ na-erule 2050; Otú ọ dị, iwu na ime iwu nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe mkpofu emepụtara na mpaghara na obodo dị iche iche nke ụwa. Nzọụkwụ nke njikwa ihe mkpofu na-agụnye usoro maka usoro teknụzụ na akụ na ụba nke akụ na ụba gburugburu, ụlọ ọrụ nkwụsị dị irè, mbupụ na mbubata na nhazi kachasị mma nke ngwaahịa ndị a na-emepụta.
Fadhel Jaziri
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
Ahụmahụ mbụ Jaziri nwere n'elu ikpo okwu bụ na Ibn Khaldoun Palace of Culture na Tunis ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Tunisian Ali Ben Ayed mgbe ọ ga-arụ ọrụ na Murad III. Otú ọ dị, mgbe o si London lọta n'afọ 1972, Jaziri so guzobe otu ihe nkiri nke Gafsa nke a maara na French dị ka 意Théâtre du Sud. Ndị otu ahụ gụnyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a ma ama na Tunisia dịka Fadhel Jaibi, Raja Farhat, Jalila Baccar na Mohamed Driss. Na Tunis, Jaziri na Jaibi mechara malite ụlọ ihe nkiri ọhụrụ nke Tunis ma mepụta ọtụtụ ihe nkiri nke ga-aghọ ihe nkiri ndị dị mkpa nke ihe nkiri Tunisian.
Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu
Na nyocha nhazi nke mbụ nke ihe akaebe sayensị gburugburu ihe mkpofu ụwa, njikwa ya na mmetụta ya na ahụike mmadụ na ndụ mmadụ, ndị edemede kwubiri na ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ihe mkpofu terrestrial siri ike nke obodo anaghị anakọta na nke anọ ọzọ na-emezi ihe na-ezighi ezi mgbe nchịkọta, mgbe mgbe. a na-agba ya n'ime ọkụ a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa - ma ọ bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ijeri tọn kwa afọ mgbe ejikọtara ya. Ha chọpụtakwara na mpaghara ndị kacha mkpa na nke ọ bụla enweghị "nchọpụta nyocha dị oke elu", akụkụ n'ihi enweghị "ego nyocha dị ukwuu", nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kpaliri na-achọkarị. Ihe mkpofu eletrọnịkị (ewaste) gụnyere ihe nleba anya kọmpụta a tụfuru, nne nne, ekwentị mkpanaaka na chaja, kọmpat diski (CD), ekweisi, igwe onyonyo, igwe ntụ oyi na friji. Dị ka Global E-waste Monitor 2017 si kwuo, India na-emepụta ~ 2 nde tonnes (Mte) nke e-ifufe kwa afọ yana ọkwa nke ise n'etiti mba ndị na-emepụta e-ifufe, na-esote United States, Republic of China, Japan na Germany.
Ọchịchị ndị na-emebi ihe
Ndị isi ihe mkpofu na-ezo aka na "3 Rs" Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, nke na-ekewa usoro nlekọta mkpofu dịka ọchịchọ ha siri dị n'ihe gbasara mbelata ihe mkpofu. Ndị isi ihe mkpofu bụ ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ nke ọtụtụ atụmatụ ibelata mkpofu. Ebumnobi nke ndị isi ihe mkpofu bụ iwepụta uru bara uru kachasị na ngwaahịa na iwepụta ntakịrị ihe mkpofu njedebe; hụ: mgbake akụ. A na-anọchi anya ndị isi ihe mkpofu dị ka pyramid n'ihi na ihe bụ isi bụ na atumatu kwesịrị ịkwalite usoro iji gbochie mmepụta ihe mkpofu. Nzọụkwụ ọzọ ma ọ bụ ihe kachasị amasị bụ ịchọ ụzọ ọzọ maka ihe mkpofu emepụtara, ya bụ, site na iji ọzọ. Nke na-esote bụ imegharị ihe nke gụnyere composting. Ịgbaso usoro a bụ mgbake ihe onwunwe na ịla n'iyi na ike. Ihe ikpeazụ a na-eme bụ mkpofu, n'ime ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa ma ọ bụ site na ọkụ na-enweghị mgbake ike. Nzọụkwụ ikpeazụ a bụ ebe ikpeazụ maka mkpofu nke egbochibeghị, chegharịa ma ọ bụ nwetaghachi ya. [peeji chọrọ] Ọchịchị mkpofu na-anọchi anya ọganihu nke ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ihe site na usoro usoro nke pyramid nke njikwa mkpofu. Ndị isi na-anọchi anya akụkụ ikpeazụ nke usoro ndụ maka ngwaahịa ọ bụla.
Ndụ ndụ nke ngwaahịa
Usoro ndụ na-amalite site n'ichepụta, wee malite site na nrụpụta, nkesa, na ojiji nke mbụ wee na-esote usoro mkpofu nke mbelata, ijigharị na imegharị ihe. Usoro nke ọ bụla n'ime usoro ndụ na-enye ohere maka itinye aka na amụma: ịtụgharị uche na mkpa ngwaahịa ahụ dị, imezigharị iji belata ikike mkpofu, na ịgbatị ojiji ya. [peeji chọrọ] Nyocha usoro ndụ ngwaahịa bụ ụzọ isi kwalite ojiji nke oke oke ụwa site n'izere ọgbọ mkpofu na-enweghị isi..
Ụkpụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ mmetọ
Ụkpụrụ mmetọ-akwụ ụgwọ na-enye iwu ka ndị na-emetọ ihe na-akwụ ụgwọ maka mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihe gbasara njikwa mkpofu, nke a na-ezokarị aka n'ihe achọrọ maka onye na-emepụta ihe mkpofu iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mkpofu nke ọma nke ihe a na-apụghị ịchọta.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'ime oge ka ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, oke mkpofu nke ụmụ mmadụ na-emepụta adịchaghị mkpa n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na irigbu ihe ndị sitere n'okike. Ihe mkpofu a na-emepụta n'oge gara aga bụ nke kachasị ntụ na ihe mkpofu nke mmadụ, ma eweghachitere ihe ndị a n'ime ala na mpaghara, na-enwe mmetụta kacha nta na gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-ejikarị osisi ma ọ bụ ígwè eme ihe ma ọ bụ na-ebufe ya n'ọgbọ.
Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ mmepeanya amụbaala n'ihe mkpofu ha karịa ndị ọzọ. Karịsịa, ndị Maya nke Central America nwere ememe a kapịrị ọnụ kwa ọnwa, bụ́ nke ndị obodo ahụ na-ezukọta ma gbaa ihe mkpofu ha ọkụ n’ebe a na-ekpofu ihe.
Oge Ọgbara Ọhụrụ
thumb|Akụkọ Edwin Chadwick dere n'afọ 1842 The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịhụ na a gafere iwu mbụ e mere maka iwepụ na iwepụ ihe mkpofu. N'ịgbaso mmalite nke mmepụta ihe na mmepe obodo na-aga n'ihu nke nnukwu ebe ndị mmadụ na England, mwube ihe mkpofu n'obodo ndị ahụ mere ka ọ daa ngwa ngwa n'ọkwa ịdị ọcha na ụdị ndụ obodo mepere emepe. Unyi wee kpagbuo okporo ámá ndị ahụ n'ihi enweghị ụkpụrụ mkpofu mkpofu. Oku maka nguzobe ikike ime obodo nwere ikike iwepụ ihe mkpofu mere n'oge dị ka 1751, mgbe Corbyn Morris na London tụrụ aro na "... dị ka ichekwa ahụike nke ndị mmadụ dị oke mkpa, a na-atụ aro ka ihicha nke ahụ. obodo a, kwesịrị idobe n'okpuru otu njikwa ọha na eze, na ihe ruru unyi niile ... ga-ebuga Thames gaa n'ebe dị anya na obodo ahụ".
Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, nke ọrịa ọgbụgbọ na-emebiwanye na mpụta nke arụmụka ahụike ọha na eze kpaliri na iwu mbụ gbasara okwu ahụ pụtara. Ihe nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihe ọhụrụ a bụ akụkọ Ọnọdụ ịdị ọcha nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ na 1842 nke onye na-eme mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, Edwin Chadwick, ebe ọ rụrụ ụka maka mkpa ọ dị iwepụ ihe mkpofu zuru oke na ụlọ ọrụ njikwa iji melite ahụike na ọdịmma nke ndị bi n'obodo ahụ.
Na UK, Iwu Mwepụ na Mgbochi Ọrịa nke 1846 malitere ihe ga-abụ usoro na-aga n'ihu nke inye nhazi nhazi mkpofu na London. Ụlọ ọrụ nke Obodo ukwu bụ ikike izizi obodo mepere emepe nke mebere iwu idebe ihe ọcha maka obodo na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, yana iwu ahụike ọha na eze 1875 mere ka ọ bụrụ iwu na ezinụlọ ọ bụla tinye ihe mkpofu ha kwa izu n'ime “ebe a na-ebugharị ebugharị” maka mkpofu — echiche mbụ maka a. uzuzu uzuzu. N'Alaeze Ashanti ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke 19, enwere ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọrụ ọha na-ahụ maka ịdị ọcha na Kumasi na ala ịta ahịhịa ya. Ha na-edobe okporo ámá ọcha kwa ụbọchị ma nye ndị nkịtị iwu ka ha na-edebe ogige ha ọcha na ahịhịa. áká_èkpè|thumb|Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd. 1894 destructor oven. Ojiji nke incinerators maka ikpofu ihe ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19. Mmụba dị ịrịba ama nke mkpofu maka mkpofu mere ka e mepụta osisi mbụ na-ere ọkụ, ma ọ bụ, dịka a na-akpọ ha, "ndị na-ebibi ihe". N'afọ 1874, Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd. wuru ụlọ incinerator mbụ na Nottingham na imewe nke Alfred Fryer. Otú ọ dị, ndị a nwetara mmegide n'ihi nnukwu ntụ ha na-emepụta na nke na-efefe n'ógbè ndị dị nso..
Usoro mkpofu mkpofu n'ime ime obodo yiri nke ahụ malitere na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 n'obodo ukwu ndị ọzọ dị na Europe na n'Ebe Ugwu America. Na 1895, New York City ghọrọ obodo US mbụ nwere njikwa mkpofu ọha na eze.
Ụgbọ ala ndị mbụ na-ebupụ ihe mkpofu bụ nanị gwongworo a na-ekpofu ahịhịa ghe oghe nke otu ìgwè ịnyịnya dọkpụrụ. Ha ghọrọ moto n'isi mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20 na gwongworo ahụ mechiri emechi nke mbụ iji kpochapụ isi ndị nwere usoro mkpofu ka ewebata na 1920 na Britain. N'oge na-adịghị anya, a kwadebere ihe ndị a nwere 'usoro hopper' bụ́ ebe a na-eju skooper n'ọkwa ala wee bulite ya n'ụzọ ígwè iji tinye ihe mkpofu n'ụgbọala ahụ. Garwood Load Packer bụ gwongworo mbụ na 1938, iji tinye compactor hydraulic.
Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu na njem
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Plastik a kpụrụ akpụ, ebe a na-etinye ihe mkpofu na Berkshire, England Ụzọ nchịkọta mkpofu dịgasị iche iche n'etiti mba na mpaghara dị iche iche. Ndị ọchịchị ime obodo na-enyekarị ọrụ mkpofu mkpofu ụlọ, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe maka mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ na azụmahịa. Mpaghara ụfọdụ, ọkachasị ndị nọ na mba ndị mepere emepe enweghị usoro mkpofu ahịhịa.
Omume njikwa ihe mkpofu
Nchịkọta ihe mgbochi bụ ụzọ a na-ekpofukarị n'ọtụtụ mba Europe, Canada, New Zealand, United States, na ọtụtụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa mepere emepe ebe a na-anakọta ihe mkpofu n'oge oge site na gwongworo pụrụ iche. A na-ejikọta nke a na nkewa ihe mkpofu n'akụkụ mgbochi. N'ime ime obodo, enwere ike ibuga ihe mkpofu n'ebe a na-ebufe ya. A na-ebuga ihe mkpofu anakọtara na ebe mkpofu kwesịrị ekwesị. N'ebe ụfọdụ, a na-eji nchịkọta oghere na-ebufe ihe mkpofu site n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịa site na oghere n'akụkụ obere tubes. A na-eji sistemụ arụ ọrụ na Europe na North America.
N'ime mpaghara ụfọdụ, a na-anakọta ihe mkpofu na-ekewaghị ekewa n'akụkụ mgbochi ma ọ bụ site na ọdụ ndị na-ebufe ihe mkpofu wee hazie ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-emegharịgharị na ihe mkpofu na-enweghị ike iji. Usoro ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịhazi nnukwu mkpofu siri ike, na-echekwa ihe ndị a na-emegharịgharị, na ịtụgharị nke fọdụrụ ka ọ bụrụ gas bio-gas na ntụ ntụ. Na San Francisco, gọọmentị ime obodo hibere Iwu Nrụgharị na Composting ya na-akwado ebumnuche ya nke "ihe mkpofu efu ka ọ na-erule 2020", chọrọ ka onye ọ bụla nọ n'obodo ahụ debe ihe ndị a na-emegharịgharị na compotable na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa. A na-anakọta iyi atọ a na sistemu “Fantastic 3” nke dị n'akụkụ --acha anụnụ anụnụ maka ihe ndị a na-emegharịgharị, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ maka compostable, na ojii maka ihe eji ekpofu ahịhịa - enyere ndị bi na azụmaahịa ma na-arụ ọrụ site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri San Francisco naanị, Recology. Usoro "Ụgwọ-Ị-Ị-Tụba" nke obodo ahụ na-ana ndị ahịa ụgwọ site n'ọnụọgụ nke ihe eji ekpofu ahịhịa, nke na-enye mkpali ego iji kewapụ ihe ndị a na-emegharịgharị na ihe ndị ọzọ na-atụfu ihe ndị ọzọ. Mmemme ihe mkpofu efu nke ngalaba nke gburugburu obodo emeela ka obodo ahụ nweta ntụgharị 80%, ọnụego ntụgharị kachasị elu na North America. Azụmahịa ndị ọzọ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mkpofu na-eji agba dị iche iche na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ahịhịa ahịhịa na mkpọ mkpọgharị. Na mgbakwunye, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụwa mkpofu mkpofu siri ike nke ime obodo nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị enweghị akara ndị na-enyere aka ịlele nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi nke omume ụfọdụ.
Nkewa nke ihe mkpofu
thumb|Ebe a na-emegharị ihe na Mahadum Teknụzụ Gdańsk Nke a bụ nkewa nke mkpofu mmiri na mkpofu akọrọ. Ebumnuche bụ iji megharịa ihe mkpofu akọrọ n'ụzọ dị mfe yana iji ihe mkpofu mmiri dị ka compost. Mgbe a na-ekewa ihe mkpofu, ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe mkpofu na-eju ala na-ebelata nke ukwuu, na-ebute oke ikuku na mmetọ mmiri. N'ụzọ dị mkpa, nkewa ihe mkpofu kwesịrị ịdabere n'ụdị mkpofu na ọgwụgwọ kachasị mma na mkpofu. Nke a na-emekwa ka ọ dị mfe itinye usoro dị iche iche na mkpofu, dị ka composting, imegharị ihe na ịgba ọkụ. Ọ dị mkpa ịme njikwa mkpofu na nkewa dị ka obodo. Otu ụzọ isi na-eme nhazi mkpofu bụ ịhụ na enwere mmata. Ekwesịrị ịkọwara ndị obodo usoro nkewapụ ihe mkpofu.
Ihe mkpofu nke kewapụrụ na-adịkarị ọnụ ala iji kpofuo ya n'ihi na ọ dịghị achọ nhazi akwụkwọ ntuziaka dịka ihe mkpofu agwakọta. Enwere ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa mere ikewapụ ihe mkpofu ji dị mkpa dịka ọrụ iwu, nchekwa ego na nchekwa ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ime ka ọ dịrị ndị ọrụ ha mfe ikewapụ ihe mkpofu ha nke ọma. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye ịkpọ aha, ijide n'aka na e nwere ebe nchekwa zuru ezu na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya ihe kpatara nkewa ji dị mkpa. Ịkpọ aha dị mkpa karịsịa mgbe a na-emeso ihe mkpofu nuklia n'ihi oke mmerụ ahụ na-emerụ ahụ ike mmadụ n'ịfefe nke usoro nuklia nwere ike ịkpata.
Ụdị ego
N'ọtụtụ mba mepere emepe, a na-enweta ego mkpofu mkpofu ụlọ site na ụtụ obodo ma ọ bụ mpaghara nke nwere ike metụtara ego, ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ ihe onwunwe. A na-anakarị mkpofu mkpofu azụmaahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dịka ọrụ azụmahịa, oge niile dịka ụgwọ agbakwunyere nke gụnyere ụgwọ mkpofu. Omume a nwere ike ịgba ndị na-arụ ọrụ mkpofu ume ịhọrọ nhọrọ mkpofu dị ọnụ ala dị ka mkpofu ahịhịa karịa ihe ngwọta kachasị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ijigharị na imegharị ihe.
Ịkwụ ụgwọ ọrụ nlekọta mkpofu siri ike nwere ike ịkagbu gọọmentị obodo, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na gọọmentị na-ahụ ya dị ka ọrụ dị mkpa ha kwesịrị inye nwa amaala. Ndị na-enye onyinye na onyinye bụ usoro ego nke dabere na mmasị nke nzukọ ndị nyere onyinye. ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ụzọ dị mma isi zụlite akụrụngwa nchịkwa mkpofu obodo, ịdọta na itinye ego na-adabere naanị n'ihe onye nyere onyinye weere dị ka ihe dị mkpa. Ya mere, ọ nwere ike bụrụ ihe ịma aka nye gọọmentị obodo ikwu ka a ga-esi kesaa ego ahụ n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke njikwa mkpofu.
N'ebe ụfọdụ dị ka Taipei, gọọmentị obodo na-ana ndị ezinụlọ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ya ụgwọ maka oke mkpofu ha na-emepụta. Ndị kansụl obodo na-anakọta ihe mkpofu naanị ma ọ bụrụ na etinye ya n'ime akpa mkpofu gọọmentị nyere. Amụma a emela nke ọma ibelata oke mkpofu obodo na-emepụta ma mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpọgharị..
Ihe atụ ọzọ sitere na mba nke na-amanye ụtụ isi n'efu bụ Italy. Kama iji akpa ndị gọọmentị nyere dị ka Taipei, ụtụ ahụ dabere na ọnụego abụọ: edozi na agbanwe. Ọnụego a kapịrị ọnụ na-adabere na nha ụlọ ahụ ebe a na-ekpebi mgbanwe site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ bi n'ụlọ ahụ.
Ụlọ akụ ụwa na-enye ego ma na-adụ ọdụ maka ọrụ nlekọta mkpofu siri ike na-eji ụdị ngwaahịa na ọrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere mgbazinye ego omenala, ego dabere na nsonaazụ, ego amụma mmepe, na ndụmọdụ teknụzụ. Ọrụ nlekọta mkpofu nke ụlọ akụ mba ụwa na-akwado na-elebakarị anya n'usoro ndụ ihe mkpofu site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ịchịkọta na njem, na n'ikpeazụ ọgwụgwọ na mkpofu.
Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa
thumb|Ụgbọala na-ekpofu ahịhịa na-arụ ọrụ. thumb|Ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ Spittelau na Vienna