cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Sonjo
Ndị Sonjo ebiela ọtụtụ narị afọ dị ka ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ókèala Maasai. A maara ha maka ojiji ha na-eji usoro ịgba mmiri n'ọrụ ugbo, àgwà a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke na-eme ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọta ha na usoro ịgba mmiri nke Engaruka, kilomita iri isii (iri itoolu na asaa ) na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Okwu Sonjo bụ aha ndị Maasai nyere ndị mmadụ; ha na-akpọ onwe ha batɛmi (sg. motɛmi) na asụsụ ha ketɛmi. Ewezuga mmetụta Maasai (Eastern Nilotic) a na-apụghị izere ezere, Sonjo na-egosi mmetụta sitere na Chaga (Bantu E40), asụsụ dị iche iche nke Southern Cushitic, na site na Datooga.
Sat-B
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
A mụrụ Sat-B ma zụlite ya na Bujumbura, Burundi.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (/ˈʃeɪkspɪər/ SHAYK-speer; Ọnwaànọ 26 1564 (ngọzi n'ụkà) – 23 Ọnwaànọ 23 1616) bụ̀rụ̀ onye uriụ̀ma England, òdeejije nà onye òmekà, ha e wèrèchàrà kà onyeòdìde kachasị mma nà asụ̀sụ̀ English, nà onye ǹdú n'ụ̀wà màkà òdeụkà. Ha nà à kpọkwa ya onye òdeuri mbà ndị England, màkwà kà "Bard of Avon" (Òbeèbe ǹkè Avon). Ọrụ ǹke ya dị, ya nà mmekọ̀rịtandị, zùrù ejije rutara 39, sonnet 154, uriụ̀ma akụkọ ogologo, nà amà ụkwụ ndị ọ̀zọ, nke akaòkìkè ha ha n'èkpe. H'e detụ̀waria ejije ya nà asụ̀sụ̀ ukwu dị ndụ̀, nà ha nà è gwukwe ya kara òdeejije ǹke ọ̀zọ ọbụ̄lā.
Shakespeare sì Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire ebe ha mụ̀rụ̀ ya, zụrụ ya. M̀gbè ọ dị̀ afọ̀ 18, ọ lụ̀rụ̀ Anne Hathaway, ǹkè ya nà ya mụ̀rụ̀ ụmụ̀ àtọ bụrụ Susanna, nà ụmụ̀ èjìma Hamnet nà Judith. Nà otù ogè fabàrà afọ̀ 1585 nà 1592, o bìdòrò ị ba àba nà ọrụaka ya nà London ǹkè ọ bụ̀rụ̀ onye òmekà, onye òdìde, nà ònwe òkè uchuchu ahia egwu ǹkè ahà ya bụ̀ Lord Chamberlain's Men, ǹkè ha mà m̀gbè ahụ̀ kà King's Men (ndị ezè). M̀gbè ọ dị̀ 49 (nà afọ̀ dị kà 1613), o mèrè kà ọ lakpùrù ga Stratford, ebe ọ nwụ̀rụ̀ m̀gbè afọ̀ àtọ gàrà. Ndetù dị ntị̀ị bụ̀ sọọ̀ ịhẹ sara ǹke katara màkà òbìbì imen̄zo ndụ ya; okwu â à tụla ị me kà ha kàtà ma ịroghaèrò màkà ịhẹ ndụ̀ ya dị kà òtù o yìrì, ùdì nrama ọyị̀ ya, òkwùkwè chi ya, nà mà ọrụ aka ha sị o mèrè bụ̀ ọrụ nà ezi, màkwà ọ bụ ndị ọ̀zọ dere ha. Ǹròrò ndị â bụ ịhẹ ha nà à ta ha ụta màkà akaụda ịghọtama nà ndị ǹkịtị̀ nwẹ ndetù sara dịkwa ntị̀ị.
Lebogang Mashile
Lebogang Mashile (amụrụ 7 Febụwarị na afo 1979) bụ onye omere South Afrika, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye na-ede uri.
Akụkọ ndụ
Ada nne na nna South Afrika a dọọrọ n'agha, Mashile mụrụ na United States wee laghachi South Afrika n'etiti afo 1990s ka njedebe nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gasịrị. Ọ malitere ịmụ iwu na mmekọrịta mba ụwa na Mahadum Witwatersrand mana ọ malitere inwe mmasị na nka. Ya na Myesha Jenkins, Ntsiki Mazwai na Napo Masheane, o hiwere otu uri Feela Sistah.
Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri afo 2004 Hotel Rwanda ma mee n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, gụnyere Threads, nke jikọtara egwu, egwu na uri. Ọ dekọkwara album arụ ọrụ ndụ nke gụnyere egwu na uri, akpọrọ Lebo Mashile Live. O mebere ma kwado mmemme akwụkwọ akụkọ L'Attitude na SABC 1 wee kwado ihe ngosi egwuregwu akpọrọ Drawing the Line na SABC 2.
Na afo 2005, o bipụtara nchịkọta abụ mbụ ya, In a Ribbon of Rhythm, nke ọ nwetara onyinye Noma na 2006.
Mashile na onye egwu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede Majola wepụtara EP na afo 2016.
Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu
Akpọrọ Mashile otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị egwu South Afrika nke afo 2005 site na Cosmopolitan yana otu n'ime ndị ntorobịa kacha elu 100 na South Afrika site na Mail &amp; Guardian na afo 2006, 2007 na afo 2009. N'afọ 2006, The Star kpọrọ ya onye kachasị elu na telivishọn na ndepụta Top 100 ha kwa afọ, na afo 2007 ọ bụ onye nnata nke City Press / Rapport Woman of Prestige Award, ma kpọkwara ya nwanyị nke afọ maka afo 2010 na 2010. Atiya nke Arts and Culture site na magazin Glamour. Akpọrọ Mashile dị ka otu n'ime ndị Top 100 ndị Afrika site na akwụkwọ akụkọ New African na afo 2011 na na afo 2012 ọ meriri ihe nrite onye nnọchi anya Art na mmemme Mbokodo Awards maka South Afrika Women in the Arts. Mashile rụrụ na mmeghe nke nzuko omeiwu na afo 2009. A kọwawo ya dị ka "ma eleghị anya aha mbụ na-abata n'uche mgbe ọ na-eche maka nwanyị ode akwụkwọ na-eme nnukwu ebili mmiri na oghere uri".
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Human trafficking in Nicaragua
Nicaragua bụ isi iyi na ọbọdọ njem banyere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka a na-azụ ahịa mmadụ, ọkachasị ịgba akwụna mmanye na ọrụ mmanye. A na-azụ ahịa ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka Nicaragua maka mmegbu mmekọahụ azụmahịa n'ime mba ahụ yana mba ndị agbata obi, ọtụtụ mgbe na El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, na United States. A na-akpọ ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ime ime obodo maka ọrụ ná mba ukwu, ọkachasị Managua, ma mesịa manye ha ịgba akwụna. A na akwanye ndị okenye na ụmụaka n'ọnọdụ ọrụ mmanye na ọrụ ugbo (karịsịa na mmepụta kọfị na unere), ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ (ịchịkọta azụ), na maka ịgba ohu n'ụlọ n'ime obodo ahụ na Costa Rica. E nwere akụkọ màkà ụfọdụ ndị Nicaragua a manyere itinye aka na ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ. Ruo n'ókè dị nta, Nicaragua bụ mba na-aga maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ndị a na-enweta site na mba ndị agbata obi maka ịgba akwụna mmanye. Managua, Granada, Estelí, na San Juan del Sur bụ ebe ndị njem nleta ụmụaka si obodo ọzọ si United States, Canada, na Western Europe, a na-akọkwa na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ njem na-akwado ịkwalite njem mmekọahụ ụmụaka. Nicaragua bụ mba njem maka ndị mbịarambịa si Africa na East Asia na-aga United States; ụfọdụ nwere ike ịdaba n'aka ndị ná azụ ahịa mmadụ.
Ụlọ ọrụ Ngalaba steeti US na-enyocha ma na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 2 Watchlist" n'afọ 2017.
Mkpesa
Gọọmentị Nicaragua kwadoro mgbalị dị ala iji lụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ site na ọrụ ndị mmanye iwu n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Nicaragua na-eme ka ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ bụrụ mpụ. Nkeji edemede otu narị na iri asatọ na abụọ nke Iwu Penal machibidoro ịzụ ahịa mmadụ maka ebumnuche nke ịgba ohu, mmegbu mmekọahụ, na nkuchi, na-enye ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ Asaa ruo afọ irí. Iwu dị iche, Nkeji edemede narị atọ na iri na ise, machibidoro nrubeisi, mmezi, ma ọ bụ ịmanye onye ọzọ n'ohu, ọrụ mmanye, ịgba ohu, ma ọ bụ isonye na agha agha; mmejọ a na-ebute ntaramahụhụ nke mkpọrọ afọ ise ruo afọ asatọ. Ntaramahụhụ ndị a e nyere iwu zuru oke ma kwekọọ na ntaramahụhụ e nyere maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị egwu, dị ka ndina n'ike.
Nchedo
Gọọmentị Nicaragua gbalikwara nkè ukwuu iji chebe ndị na-azụ ahịa n'afọ gara aga, NGO na òtù mba ụwa nọgidere na-abụ ndị isi na-enye ndị na-ahụ maka ya ọrụ. Gọọmentị nyere ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ahịa ụmụaka ebe obibi na ọrụ, mana enyemaka dị otú ahụ adịghị mfe ịnweta n'akụkụ niile nke mba ahụ, a na-akọkwa na gọọmentị belatara enyemaka ya dị ntakịrị na ebe obibi ndị a n'ime afọ gara aga. Enweghị ebe nchekwa gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị na-azụ ahịa, ọ bụ ezie na NGO na-arụ ọrụ ebe obibi banyere ndị na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ. Ndị okenye na-azụ ahịa enweghị ike ịnweta ọrụ ọ bụla gọọmentị kwadoro, ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị nyere ụfọdụ ndị metụtara obere ọrụ iwu, ahụike na nke uche.
Mgbochi
Mgbalị nile gọọmentị Nicaragua iji gbochie ịzụ ahịa ka ezukwaghi. Gọọmentị emeghị mgbasa ozi megide ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi agụmakwụkwọ n'ime afọ 2009, ọ bụ ezie na NGO na òtù mba ụwa mere mkpọsa mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na mmekorita gọọmentị. Gọọmentị gbanwere akara ọkụ nke a raara nyebu maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ka ọ bụrụ akara ọkụ maka ịkọ akụkọ banyere ọdịmma ụmụaka. Kọmitii gọọmentị na-ahụ maka mgbochi ịzụ ahịa na-ahụ maka ịhazi mgbalị mgbochi ịzụ ahịa, kama na ha rụrụ ọrụ ole na ole, ndị NGO na-ajụkwa ikike kọmitii ahụ na nkwa ya iji lụso ịzụ ahịa ọgụ.
N'afọ 2020, United States depụtara Nicaragua na akụkọ ya kwa afọ. Nke a ziri ezi n'ihi na ọrịa COVID-19 ga-eduga na mmụba nke ịzụ ahịa iwu.
Right to sit
Ikike ịnọdụ ala na-ezo aka na iwu ma ọ bụ atumatu na-enye ndị ọrụ ikike inye ha oche kwesịrị ekwesị n'ebe ọrụ. ndị kwenyere ma-iwu "ikike ịnọdụ ala" iwu ma ọ bụ atumatu gụnyere United Kingdom, Jamaica, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Uganda, Lesotho, Malaysia, Brazil, Israel, Ireland, steeti India nke Tamil Nadu na Kerala, ógbè Canada nke Newfoundland na Labrador, na mpaghara mba ofesi nke Gibraltar na Montserrat. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ steeti niile nke United States na Australia, yana ọtụtụ ógbè Canada nyere ikike ịnọdụ iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ n'etiti 1881 na 1917. Steeti US nwere ikike ịnọdụ iwu ugbu a gụnyere California, Florida, Massachusetts, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, na Wisconsin. A na-etinye ikike ịnọdụ ala na nkwekọrịta nke Ịdị ọcha nke ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa(Azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ) mgbakọ, 1964; mba 51 kwadoro mgbakọ ahụ na 2014. Iwu obodo nwere ikike ịnọdụ ala gụnyere Portland, Oregon, St. Louis, Missouri na London's Royal Borough of Kensington na Chelsea. Ụfọdụ ikike, dị ka Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Idaho, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, Quebec, na Washington, D.C. akagbuola ikike ha ịnọdụ iwu. Ọtụtụ iwu ikike ịnọdụ ala na mbụ nwere asụsụ nwoke na nwanyị na-akọwapụta naanị ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ. Ụfọdụ ógbè na-edebe iwu gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, mana ọtụtụ ógbè agbanweela ikike ha ịnọdụ iwu ka ha ghara ịnọpụ iche na nwoke na nwanyị.
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere usoro oche kwesịrị ekwesị
Ụlọ ahịa ndị Germany bụ Aldi na-enye ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ ohere ịnọdụ ala mgbe ha na-aga akwụkwọ ndekọ ha. Aldi na-enye ndị ọrụ ha ohere ịnọdụ ala ọ bụghị n'ihi nchegbu maka ahụike ma ọ bụ nkasi obi ndị ọrụ, kama ọ bụ n'ihi nyocha nke na-atụ aro na ndị ọrụ a na-ekwe ka ha nọdụ ala na-arụpụta ihe ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Margaret Collinson
Margaret E. Collinson bụ onye paleobotanist na Royal Holloway, Mahadum nke London, United Kingdom.
Right to sit
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere usoro oche kwesịrị ekwesị
Ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na-anọdụkarị ala mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ mba Europe. Nke a bụ n'otu akụkụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ahịa ndị Europe na-ahapụ ndị ahịa akpa nri ha kama ime ka onye na-akwụ ụgwọ na-ebu akpa.
Margaret Collinson
Ọrụ ya
Ọrụ ya emeela ka ọ bụrụ onye ndu nke otu Plant Paleobiology Research Group na Royal Holloway, Mahadum London, UK. Mmasị nyocha ya na-emekọrịta ihe yana obosara n'ime osisi Paleobotany dị ka akwụkwọ ya gosipụtara. Ha na-agụnye karịsịa nleba anya nke geochemical mbinye aka nke oxygen, biomolecules na ihe ndị ọzọ; paleoclimate na floral assemblages; pollen na anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ; na evolushọn na osisi oge ochie.
Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke International Organisation of Paleobotany, onye mba ofesi nke Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (2007), na onye otu Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (Germany). N'afọ 2015, e nyere ya onye otu Distinguished Fellow of the Botanical Society of America.
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Australia
Tinyere New Zealand, ọtụtụ steeti nke United States, na ọtụtụ ógbè Canada, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime steeti na mpaghara Australia nyere ikike ịnọdụ iwu n'oge ngwụsị afọ 1800 na mmalite afọ 1900.
Margaret Collinson
Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara
Ọ bụ onye odee ma ọ bụ onye na-edekọ ihe karịrị akwụkwọ sayensị 180. N'ime akwụkwọ ya kacha pụta ìhè bụ:
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New South Wales
New South Wales nyere ikike ịnọdụ ala na 1890s.
Queensland
Queensland nyere ikike ịnọdụ ala na 1890s.
Margaret Collinson
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Right to sit
Ndịda Australia
N'afọ 1896, onye omeiwu Ndida Australia bụ King O'Malley webatara "Ịnọ ọdụ na ụgwọ ụlọ ahịa" nke na-achọ ka e nye ndị enyemaka ụlọ ahịa oche.
Uruguay
Uruguay kwadoro nkwekọrịta nke Ịdị ọcha nke ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa(Azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ), 1964 na 19 Jun 1968.
Ostrya virginiana
Ostrya virginiana, American hophornbeam, bụ ụdị Ostrya nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ North America, site na Nova Scotia n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ndịda Manitoba na n'ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Wyoming, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa Awụ ruo n'Ebe Ugwu Florida na n'Eshia ọdịda anyanwụ gaa n'ebe a Texas. A na-ewerekwa ndị si Mexico na Central America dị ka otu ụdị, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị edemede na-ahọrọ ikewapụ ha dị ka ụdị dị iche, Ostrya guatemalensis. Aha ndị ọzọ gụnyere ọwụwa anyanwụ hophornbeam, hardhack (na New England), ironwood, na leverwood.
Nkọwa
Ostrya virginiana (American hophornbeam) bụ obere osisi na-eto eto na 18 m (59 ) ogologo na 20-50 centimeters (8-20 in) obosara ogwe. Akpụkpọ ahụ na-acha nchara nchara ruo na-acha odo odo, na mpempe akwụkwọ dị warara, ebe alaka na alaka ndị na-eto eto dị nro ma na-acha ntụ ntụ, na obere lenticels. Alaka ndị na-eto eto na-adị obere ma nwee nnukwu ntutu; ntutu (trichomes) na-agbadata n'afọ na-esote.
Akwụkwọ ya dị nkọ, 5-13 cm (2-5 in) ogologo na  (1+1⁄2-2+1⁄4 in) obosara, nwere eriri, nwere akụkụ abụọ. Elu ya anaghị enwe ntutu, ebe ala ya dị obere ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma (na-enwekarị ntutu).
Okooko osisi ndị a bụ catkins (spikes) nke a na-emepụta na mbido oge opupu ihe ubi n'otu oge ahụ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na-apụta. Staminate (nwoke) catkins dị  (3⁄4-2 in) n'ogologo, ma hazie ya n'ìgwè 1-4. Pistillate (nwaanyị) catkins dị  (5⁄16-19⁄32 in) ogologo, nwere 10-30 okooko osisi ọ bụla.
Okooko osisi ndị inyom na-etolite n'ime obere mkpụrụ osisi mm (1⁄8-3⁄16 in) ogologo nke dị  akpa akwụkwọ   (3⁄8-11⁄16 in). Envelopu na-agbanwe site na-acha ọcha na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gaa na-acha nchara nchara ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-etolite.
American hophornbeam yiri onye ikwu ya American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), nke a pụrụ ịmata site na ụgbụ ya dị nro na nutlets gbara n'ime oghere, bracts atọ.
Nkewa dị iche iche
E nwere ụdị abụọ:
Ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri Atlantic nwere obere akwụkwọ, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ekewa ha dị ka O. virginiana var. lasia Fernald.
Ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi
N'ebe ndị dị jụụ na US na Canada, a na-ahụ Ostrya virginiana n'ọhịa dị ala na ala ugwu, ebe ọ bụ osisi na-eto eto.
Na Mexico na Central America, a na-ahụ Ostrya virginiana n'oké ọhịa igwe ojii na akụkụ mmiri nke osisi oak dị n'etiti, osisi pine, na osisi pine n'etiti mita 1200 na 2800 n'elu.
Mkpụrụ osisi na catkins bụ isi nri dị mkpa maka ụfọdụ nnụnụ, ọkachasị ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). Tụkwasị na nke a, nnụnụ, mgbada, na cone na-eri nutlets na buds.
Ojiji
A na-akụ ya dị ka osisi ịchọ mma ma jiri ya mee ihe mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka osisi okporo ámá.
Osisi ya siri ike ma jiri ya kpọrọ ihe maka ime aka ngwá ọrụ na ogidi.
N'ịbụ osisi siri ike na-agbasa agbasa ma nwee oke oke oke na iguzogide mkpakọ, ọ bụ ihe magburu onwe ya maka iwu ogologo ụta osisi.
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Ebe nchekwa data nke toxicology mmiri
Ebe nchekwa data toxicological bụ nnukwu nchịkọta data sitere na ọmụmụ ihe nsi mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-achịkọta data site na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ onye ọ bụla bụ nke ekpebiela mmetụta nsị n'ahụ ihe ndị dị ndụ na mmiri na terrestrial maka kemịkalụ dị iche iche. Ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ, ndị na-ahụ Maka kemịkal, ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eji nchekwa data ndị a eme ihe iji nyochaa ma buru amụma na o yikarịrị ka kemịkal ma ọ bụ kemịkal na-adịghị eme ihe ga-akpata mmetụta ọjọọ (ya bụ nsị) na ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya.
A chịkọtara ọtụtụ nchekwa data dị otú ahụ na-emetụta kpọmkwem toxicology mmiri.
Uru ọ bara
Ebe nchekwa data ndị a bụ ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ọhịa nke toxicology mmiri n'ihi na o yikarịrị ka kemịkal ga-akpata nsị dịgasị iche iche gafee ọtụtụ ihe na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a bụ n'ihi na o yikarịrị ka mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe dị ndụ dabere na njupụta nke ihe ahụ na anụ ahụ a na-achọ nke ihe ahụ, njirimara physicochemical nke kemịkal ahụ na oge nke ikpughe kemịkal. Ngwa ndị nwere ike ibu amụma nsi nke kemịkalụ kpọmkwem nye ihe dị iche iche ma ọ bụ otu ihe dị ndụ dị mkpa nye ndị na-achịkwa na ndị nyocha na ngalaba nke toxicology.
Ebe nchekwa data dịnụ
Na toxicology mmiri, ọtụtụ ọdụ data dị na nke ọ bụla na-emetụta otu akụkụ nke toxicology mmiri dị ka PCBs. ihe fọdụrụ na anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nsị sediment. Ihe ọmụma na nchịkwa nchekwa data ndị ọzọ na toxicology n'ozuzu ya bụ US EPA, USGS, United States Army Corps of Engineers na National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration na-elekọta. Na US, e nwere nnukwu nchekwa data atọ metụtara kpọmkwem toxicology mmiri: Toxicity / Residue Database, Environmental Residue Effects Database na nchekwa data ECOTOX.
Ebe nchekwa data nke nsị
The Toxicity/Residue Database bụ nke US EPA na-elekọta ma bụrụ nchekwa data maka amụma nke nsị nke kemịkal na kemịkalụ na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Ọfịs EPA Duluth mepụtara nchekwa data a wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na 1999. A na-enweta data ahụ site na ihe karịrị 500 ndị ọgbọ nyochara ma bụrụ nchịkọta nke nchọpụta ha na ihe dịka 200 kemịkal na ụdị 190 ma mmiri mmiri na mmiri dị ọcha. A na-atụle data gbasara njedebe ma ọ bụ mmetụta nke mmeghachi omume nke ihe dị ndụ dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kemịkal n'ime anụ ahụ nke ihe nyocha ahụ n'oge ahụ nke mmetụta dị ka ọnwụ, ịda mbà n'obi, ma ọ bụ mmụba iku ume na-eme. Enwere ike jụọ ihe karịrị mmetụta puku atọ site na obere mpempe ngwanrọ ebudatara iji kpokọta data mmetụta nlanarị, uto ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ njedebe..
Ebe nchekwa data nke mmetụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi
The Environmental Residue Effects Database (ERED) bụ nchekwa data nke US Army Corps of Engineers na-elekọta nke na-ejikọta data gbasara mkpokọta nke ihe na-egbu egbu na anụ ahụ (site na ihe fọdụrụ na anụ ahụ) na mmetụta njedebe dị ka ọnwụ, uto, ma ọ bụ nzaghachi nke anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal. Data nzaghachi na-agụnye mmetụta dị ala achọpụta (LOED) na enweghị mmetụta achọpụta (NOED). Ihe nchekwa data a sitere na 2329 ndị ọgbọ nyochara banyere kemịkal 413. Ihe nchekwa data ahụ na-ekpuchi akwụkwọ site na 1964 ruo ugbu a ma gụnyere ihe karịrị 15,000 ndekọ. A na-emelite nchekwa data a na 300 ma ọ bụ karịa ndekọ kwa afọ na nkezi. Ihe nchekwa data ERED bụ kpọmkwem maka nsị sediment na mmetụta nke mmetọ na ihe ndị a gwọrọ na mmiri dị ọcha. Ebumnuche ya bụ iji ya mee ihe n'ịtụle ikike maka mmetọ nke ihe ndị a gwupụtara iji nwee mmetụta ọjọọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere nchekwa data ERED ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ maka Army Corps of Engineers iji jikwaa mmetụta ọjọọ nke ịdọrọ mmiri, ọ na-adabara n'ọtụtụ ebe na nyocha na njikwa nsị nsị.
Ebe nchekwa data ECOTOX
A na-ewere ECOTOX dị ka ihe zuru oke n'ihi na ọ na-enwe nsonaazụ site na nyocha nsị nke otu kemịkal na osisi na anụmanụ ndị dị n'ime mmiri na nke ala. Enwere ike ịchọta data na mmiri dị ọcha na mmiri mmiri. ECOTOX na-anakọta data sitere na nchekwa data nke EPA guzobere na mbụ AQUIRE, TERRATOX, na PHYTOX nke na-enye n'otu n'otu ụdị mmiri, ụdị ala na data osisi. A na-anakọta nnukwu data sitere na akwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara mana ụfọdụ data sitere na akwụkwọ isi awọ. Iji ọrụ ajụjụ ajụjụ data ngwa ngwa na-enyere ọchụchọ aka site na kemikal, aha taxonomic, mmetụta, na afọ mbipụta. A na-eji data sitere na ECOTOX iji nye usoro ntụaka maka ọmụmụ ihe nsi dị ugbu a ma na-eje ozi dị ka ụkpụrụ nduzi..
ECOTOX isi iyi data nyochaa
A na-edobe data sitere na ọmụmụ ihe nsi nke etinyere na nchekwa data ECOTOX na nyocha na njirisi mmesi obi ike nke EPA na Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) mepụtara. Iji mee ka EPA na OPP nabata nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ, nyocha nsị ahụ ga-agbaso ma ọ bụ nwee ihe ndị a:
Ngwa iwu
Na United States, ECOTOX, ERED (sediment) na Toxicity Residue Databases na-eji ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na'ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na EPA iji chọpụta ọkwa na-achịkọta ihe na-egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'okpuru Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha, EPA ejirila nchekwa data ECOTOX n'etiti ozi ndị ọzọ setịpụ ụkpụrụ nke mmiri na-egbu egbu maka ụlọ ọrụ yana ụkpụrụ mmiri dị mma maka mmetọ niile dị na mmiri dị n'elu. N'okpuru CWA, steeti ọ bụla ga-achịkwa ụkpụrụ mmiri dị mma na ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ọnụ ọgụgụ nke EPA setịpụrụ. Otú ọ dị, a naghị achịkwa oke nsị na-egbu egbu n'otu ụzọ ahụ. Mkpebi nke njirisi ịdịmma sedimenti na nnwale toxicity sedimenti dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu ma steeti ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi steeti na-ahazikarị ya. Ntụle nsi nke sedimenti nke sedimenti emetọọ bụ kpọmkwem ebe a kapịrị ọnụ yana ọkwa mmetụta na-egbu egbu na-agbanwekarị karịa nke mmiri dị n'elu. N'ihi nke a, ọ nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume ịmepụta ụkpụrụ ntinye nke sedimenti dị mma nke na-emetụta sistemu mmiri ma ọ bụ mpaghara niile.
E mepụtara ihe ndị a na-anabata ma ọ bụ ntuziaka dị mma ma jiri ya mee ihe na nyocha ihe ize ndụ na njikwa ihe ndị a gwuru. "Ntụziaka dị mma nke ala (SQGs), dị ka akọwapụtara n'afọ 2002 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Pellston Workshop, bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kemịkalụ e bu n'uche ka ọ bụrụ ma ọ bụ na-echebe ihe onwunwe, ma ọ bụ buru amụma nke mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe onwunwa ndị ahụ, ma ọ bụghị ha abụọ. SQGs maka ịtụle ogo sediment metụtara ikike maka mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe ndị bi na sediment emeela site na iji usoro usoro na usoro.
Ardis (Onye na-ere ahịa)
Ardis bụ nnukwu ụlọ ahịa na Algiers, isi obodo Algeria. Emeghere hypermarket nke mbụ na 2012 na Mohammedia, emepere nke abụọ na Bir El Djir, Oran na 2016. Ọ Ọ bụ Arcofina Group nwe ya.
Ebe nchekwa data nke toxicology mmiri
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Ardis (Onye na-ere ahịa)
Edensibia
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Cameroon Development Corporation
Ndị otu Cameroon Development Cooperation (CDC), nke a na-akpọbu Commonwealth Development Cooperation, bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ebupụ mbupụ na ndị were ọrụ na Cameroon. E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1947, maka ebumnuche nke ịzụlite na ịgbasa ihe ọkụkụ nke ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mba ahụ. CDC bụ ụlọ ọrụ agribusiness yana ụlọ ọrụ izugbe ya dabere na Bota, Limbe. Ihe ndị bụ isi ya gụnyere rọba, nkwụ mmanụ, unere, aki oyibo, tii, wdg.
CDC bụ onye ọrụ kachasị ukwuu na Cameroon ma nyere ndị Cameroon na mba ahụ aka n'ụzọ ọdịnala. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ mbụ na Cameroon rụrụ ọrụ n'ubi ya. Site na ụgwọ a na-enweta n'ubi ndị a, ọtụtụ nde ndị Cameroon enwetala agụmakwụkwọ banyere ụdị nrụrụ aka nke idu ndú.
CDC na-arụ ọrụ n'ìgwè, otu ọ bụla na-achịkwa ihe ọkụkụ nke ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Group Palms Management na-ahụ maka ịkụ osisi nkwụ, ịzụlite, owuwe ihe ubi nke mkpụrụ nkwụ na mmepụta mmanụ nkwụ maka mbupụ na oriri mpaghara.
Ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ọkwa atọ: Ọrụ ndị okenye, ọrụ dị n'etiti na ndị ọrụ.
N'afọ 2019, n'ihi esemokwu agha na mpaghara North West na South West nke Cameroon, ọ belatara ọkara ọrụ 22,000 ya. Na ngwụcha afọ 2016, ubi ya gbatịrị ihe karịrị hekta 38,537, gụnyere hekta 20,695 na osisi rọba (Rubber), hekta 13,945 na osisi nkwụ mmanụ, hekta 3,897 na ubi unere.
National Institute of Population Studies
.Ụlọ ọrụ French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED) bụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke French na-ahụ maka ọnụọgụ mmadụ na ọmụmụ ihe n'ozuzu ya.
Tatyana Fazlalizadeh
Tatyana Fazlalizadeh (amụrụ n'afọ 1985) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, ónyé na-eme ihe, na onye na-ese onyinyo n'onwe ya. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye mepụtara mkpọsa na ihe ngosi nka Stop Telling Women to Smile.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Fazlalizadeh na Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Nne ya bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye nkuzi nka, mana Tatyana amaliteghị ịmepụta nka nke ya ruo mgbè ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ kwagara Philadelphia ịga Mahadum nke Arts, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2007 na Bachelor of Fine Arts. Ọ bụ ónyé ísì ojii na ónyé Iran.
Ụdị na ọrụ
Fazlalizadeh bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na mmanụ. E tinyere ọrụ ya nke gosipụtara Barack Obama n'akwụkwọ Art For Obama: Designing Manifest Hope and the Campaign for Change, nke ónyé na-ese ihe Shepard Fairey dezigharịrị. A maara ya nke ọma màkà mkpọsa ya Stop Telling Women to Smile.
Ọrụ ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya
N'afọ 2020, Fazlalizadeh mepụtara usoro mural na New York City nkè gosipụtara foto Breonna Taylor, Atatiana Jefferson, Tony McDade, na Nina Pop dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ya na-ekwu màkà ime ihe ike agbụrụ na transphobic.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Louis Delsarte
Louis Jessup Delsarte nke Atọ (úbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Septemba, 1944 rụo ụbọchị abụọ n'ọnwa Mée, 2020) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'Afrịka na America nke a maara màkà ihe a na-akpọ mgbè ụfọdụ ụdị "illusionistic" ya. Ọ bụ ónyé na-ese ihe, ónyé na-ahụ màkà mgbidi, onye na'ebi akwụkwọ, na onye na-eme ihe osise.
Mgbè Delsarte na-etolite, egwu gụnyere jazz, opera, musicals, na blues gbara ya gbụrụ-gbúrụ. Site na ahụmịhe a, yana ihe ọmụma ya banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị Afrịka, o nwetara ọtụtụ ihe mkpali màkà nka ya. Delsarte bụ prọfesọ nke Fine Arts na Morehouse College na Atlanta, Georgia. N'ime afọ iri na atọ gárá aga, egosila ọrụ ya gbụrụ-gbúrụ United States.
Agụmakwụkwọ, ihe ngosi, na nkwanye ùgwù dị egwu
A mụrụ Louise J. Desarte nke Atọ na Brooklyn, New York, nke Louis Desarte nke Abụọ na Llewellyn (Johnston) Delsarte, ndị nkụzi abụọ. Delsarte gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mpaghara Flatbush nke Brooklyn, nwéta asambodo na Fine Arts Education na Brooklyn College, nwéta nzèrè bachelọ ya na Fine Arts na New York's Pratt Institute, wee nwéta nzèrè masta na Fine Arts.
E gosipụtara ọrụ Delsarte n'ihe ngosi onwe ónyé na nke otu na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, gallery, na ebe ndị ọzọ na United States, gụnyere Studio Museum na Harlem, Metropolitan Museum of Art na New York, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture na New York، Bodley Gallery (nakwa na New York), California Afro-American Museum, Camille Hanks Cosby Museum na Spelman College na Atlanta, Georgia, na ụlọ ngosi nka nke Howard University. N'afọ 2001, a gụnyere ọrụ Delsarte dị ka akụkụ nke ihe ngosi njem mba nke akpọrọ "Mgbè Mmụọ na-aga: African-American Dance in History and Art". Ihe ngosi njem ahụ bụ nke Smithsonian Institution kwadoro, ebe ọ malitere dị ka ihe ngosi 1999-2000 na Spelman College (nke akpọrọ "Mgbè Mmụọ Na-aga: African American Art Inspired by Dance).
Ụdị na usoro: ngwakọta nke abstraction ọgba aghara na ihe oyiyi a na-achịkwa
Ọ nwụrụ na úbọchị abụọ n'ọnwa Mée, 2020.
Monographs na solo show
[Isi mmalite màkà ndepụta a: (1) Worldcat; na (2) African American Visual Artists Database
Monicah Amoding
Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Amoding na Nọvemba 1981. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị ụmụ nwanyị Namilyango na Mukono District, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na asambodo ule Primary Leaving Examination n'ebe ahụ n'afọ 1993. Ọ gara n'ihu nweta agụmakwụkwọ O-Level ya na Tororo Girls School, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Uganda Certificate of Education, na 1997. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọ natara asambodo agụmakwụkwọ nke Uganda Advanced na Makerere High School, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ A-Level ya.
O nwere nzere agụmakwụkwọ atọ. Degree mbụ ya bụ Bachelor of Arts na Social Sciences, nke Mahadum Makerere nyere na 2004. Degree nke abụọ ya bụ Master of Gender Studies nke Mahadum Makerere nyekwara na 2013. Degree nke atọ ya bụ Bachelor of Laws nwetara na Makerere na 2018.
Amoding nwekwara asambodo abụọ, otu asambodo na idu ndú, nke Uongozi Leadership Institute, Dar es Salam nyere. Nke ọzọ bụ asambodo na idu ndú ụmụ nwanyị, nwetara African Women Leadership Institute, Accra.
Tupu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Site na 2006 ruo 2011, Amoding rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ mgbasa ozi na nkwukọrịta maka CEDOVIP, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, site na 2006 ruo 2007. Ọ gara rụọ ọrụ maka Uganda Women Parliamentary Association (UWPA), nke mbụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka iwu na nkwukọrịta site na 2008 ruo 2009; wee bụrụ onye nhazi mmemme, site na 2009 ruo 2010.
Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
N'afọ 2011, Amoding ghọrọ onye otu omeiwu nke Uganda, na-anọchite anya "Youth". N'afọ 2016, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya nwanyị maka Kumi District.
Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-atụle
N'oge ntuli aka mba na 2021, Monicah Amoding tụfuru oche ndị omeiwu ya na Christine Apolot onye nwetara vootu 35,152 megide vootu 29,292 nke Amoding.
Ndụ onwe onye
Amoding lụrụ di. Ihe omume ntụrụndụ ya bụ ide, ịgụ, ime njem na ntụgharị uche. O nwere mmasị pụrụ iche n'ịkwado ikike nke ndị a na-akparaghị ókè, na-arụ ọrụ afọ ofufo na ọrụ enyemaka na ịrụ ọrụ na obodo na ndị ogbenye.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kojo Soboh
thumb|kojo Soboh.jpg Daniel Kojo Soboh, onye a na-akpọkarị Kojo Sobuh, bụ onye ọchụnta ego Ghana na onye njikwa ihe omume. Ọ bụ onye guzobere EMY Africa na Carbon AV.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Kojo, nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụnne ise, na Prestea na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ghana na nna bụ onye na-amụ banyere ala na nne bụ onye nkuzi. Ọ malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ na Prestea Goldfields School ruo na Golden Star School na Bogoso tupu ya enweta agụmakwụkwọ nke abụọ na St Augustine's College. Kojo debanyere aha na Catholic University College of Ghana na-agụsị akwụkwọ na akara ugo mmụta na Information Communication Science and Technology.
Kojo rụrụ ọrụ na Ghana Commercial Bank dị ka onye ọrụ ọrụ mba na-eme ka ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-echekwa ego na onye na-agụ egwú na Rana.
Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration na MBA na 2014.
Ọrụ
Kojo malitere ọrụ ya dị ka akụkụ nke otu egwu Ghana a ma ama a na-akpọ Rana na-eji aha egwu Kojo Rana. Ha sonyere na Next Café Africa Revolution, ma tinye ha n'etiti ndị asọmpi ise kachasị elu nke mere ka Appietus bịanye aka na ha.
Mgbe afọ ole na ole nke ime egwu gasịrị, Kojo gbanwere ịghọ onye isi ihe omume na nkwalite na Imajin Advertising ebe ọ na-ahazi ma na-elekọta ihe omume dịka Stand Up Gh Concert, Ghana Stands in Worship Concert na Legends and Legacy Ball nke gosipụtara ndị egwu dị ka Donnie McClurkin, Keri Hilson na Bow Wow, Kojo Antwi, Daddy Lumba, William McDowell, na Amakye Dede.
Carbon AV
Carbon AV bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ, nhazi, ihe omume na akara nke Kojo Soboh guzobere ebe ya na USAID na GIMPA jikọrọ aka n'etiti afọ 2017 na 2019 iji lekọta ihe omume Young African Leaders Initiative. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ma jikwaa ihe omume maka European Union, Alliance Motors, MTN Ghana, Prudential Life Insurance, A Rocha Ghana na Miss Universe Ghana na Carbon AV.
EMY Africa
Kojo bụ onye guzobere na onye isi nchịkwa nke EMY Africa nke na-emepụta EMY Africa Awards na EMY Africa Magazine. Ụfọdụ ndị meriri n'oge gara aga gụnyere John Kufuor, Tony Elumelo, Togbe Afede XIV, Osmanu Nuhu Sharubutu, Sam E. Jonah, Abedi Pele, Azumah Nelson, Boris Kodjoe, Marufatu Abiola Bawuah, Adebola Williams, Don Jazzy, Ibrahim Mahama, Akinwumi Adesina, Kofi Kinaata na ndị ọzọ.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ụlọ mposi
Ụlọ mposi nwere ụzọ atọ: oghere n’ime ala, nyiwe ma ọ bụ ala nwere obere oghere, yana ihe na eche ndo. Oghere ahụ na abụkarị opekata mpe onuno mita 3 (10 feet) yana 1m (3.2 feet) n’obosara. World Health Organisation na akwado na ha ruru ogologo dị mma pụọ n’ebe ụlọ dị, nke ga-ahakọ nsogbu ịnweta ya ọsọ ọsọ yana isi ya. Ogologo dị n’etiti mmiri dị n’ala yana mmiri dị n’elu ala kwesịrị ibu nnukwu ibu iji wedata ihe egwu nke mmetọ okirikiri. Oghere dị na nyiwe ahụ ekwesịghị ịgafe centimita 25 (9.8 inches) iji gbochie ụmụaka na ịdakpu n’ime ya. Ekwesịrị igbochi ọkụ ịbata n’ime oghere ahụ iji belata ijiji. Nke a nwere ike ịchọ iji okwuchi iji kpuchie oghere dị n’ala ahụ mgbe anaghị eji ya. Mgbe oghere ahụ kpojuru ruo 0.5 mita (1.6 feet), a ga-ekpocha ya ma ọ bụ arụpụta oghere ọhụrụ, ebugharịa ndo ahụ ma ọ bụ arụgharịa ya n’ebe ọhụrụ. Ndị na ejikwa apịtị nsị wepuru n’oghere ahụ gbagwojuru anya. Enwere ihe egwu gburugburu na ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ya nke ọma.
Enwere ike imelite ụlọ mposi n’ọtụtụ ụzọ. Otu gụnyere itinye okpoko ikuku si na oghere gaa n’elu ụlọ ahụ. Nke a na emelite nkugharị ikuku ma wedata isi nke ụlọ mposi ahụ. Ọ nwekwara ike ịbelata ijiji mgbe eji ntofo kpuchie elu nke okpoko ahụ (na abụkarị nke eji fiberglass mebe). N’ụdị nke ụlọ mposi ndị a ekwesịrị iji okwuchi iji kpuchie oghere dị n’ala ahụ. Mmelite ndị ọzọ enwere ike gụnyere ala arụrụ ka mmiri na agbanye n’ime oghere yana nkwagide nke akụkụ elu nke oghere ahụ site na iji brik ma ọ bụ aja okirikiri simenti iji melite nhakọ.
Ebe 2013 ekpebiri ndị na eji ụlọ mposi egburu oghere n’ala dị ihe dị ka ọnụọgụ ijeri ndị mmadụ 1.77. Nke a bụkarịrị na ụwa na etolite etolie yanakwa mpaghara ime obodo yana ọzara. Na 2011 ihe dị ka ọnụọgụ ijeri 2.5 enweghị ụlọ mposi dị mma yana otu ijeri gbabanyere na ịnyụ nsị na gburugburu n’okirikiri ha. Akụkụ Ndịda Ugwu nke Asia yana Akụkụ Ọzara Africa nwere ụlọ mposi kachasị njọ n’ụwa. N’obodo ndị na etolite etolite ọnụego nke ụlọ mposi dị mma na abụkarị n’etiti 25 na 60 USD. Ọnụego ndozi na aga bụ n’etiti 1.5 yana 4 USD kwa otu onye kwa afọ nke bụ ihe anaghị elebanyekarị anya. N’ụfọdụ akụkụ nke ime obodo India ejirila nkwado “Ụlọ Mposi Adịghị, Nwunye Agaghị Adị” iji kwado ụlọ mposi site na ịkwado ụmụ nwanyị ịjụ ịlụ nwoke na enweghị ụlọ mposi.
Nrụtụ aka
Òtù:Madu Òtù:Ahụ ike Òtù:Ọrià
Gustav Landauer
thumb|Gustav Landauer Gustav Landauer (7 Eprel 1870 2 Mee 1919) bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na-akụzi ihe gbasara anarchism na Germany na ngwụcha nke iri na itenanị na mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ Ọ bụ onye na-akwado anarchism nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye na-eme udo.
A makwaara Landauer maka ọmụmụ ya banyere metaphysics na okpukpe, na nsụgharị ya nke ọrụ William Shakespeare n'asụsụ German.
Ndụ na ọrụ
Ya na Martin Buber bụ ezigbo enyi, na-emetụta nkà ihe ọmụma nke mkparịta ụka nke Martin Buber. Landauer kwenyere na a pụghị inweta mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya naanị site na njikwa nke steeti ma ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ akụ na ụba, mana ọ chọrọ mgbanwe na mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmadụ.
O chere na ezi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nwere ike ibilite naanị na njikọ nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, o dekwara, "Obodo anyị na-achọsi ike ma chọọ, anyị ga-ahụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na anyị kewapụ onwe anyị na ịdị adị nke onwe anyị; ya mere anyị ga-emesị chọta, n'ime etiti ma ọ bụ ihe anyị zoro ezo, obodo kachasị ochie na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ: agbụrụ mmadụ na cosmos".
Otu n'ime ụmụ ụmụ Landauer, ya na nwunye ya na onye edemede Hedwig Lachmann, bụ Mike Nichols, onye nduzi telivishọn America, ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri, onye edemede, na onye na-emepụta ihe.
Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala
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African Artists' Foundation
The African Artists' Foundation (AAF) bụ òtù na-anaghị achọ uru, nke dị na Lagos, Nigeria. Ọ bụ Azu Nwagbogu guzobere ya na 2007 iji kwalite nka na ndị na-ese ihe na ndị ọzọ na-agụ egwu na Naijiria.
Ọrụ
AAF malitere ọrụ ndị a:
Marko Perković
thumb Marko Perković (1966) bu onye Croatia bu ọmẹka.
Fania language
Fania (Fagnan; makwaara dị ka Kulaale) bụ asụsụ Adamawa nke Chad. Olumba olu ugwu na ndịda dị iche iche.
Aha
Fania bụ exonym. A na-akpọkwa ha ndị Kulaale, ndị Kulaaway, na ndị Kulaanu.
Aha ndị edepụtara na Boyeldieu, et al. (2018:56):
Madjid Albry
Madjid Albry (amụrụ ya na 23 Julaị 1990) bụ onye Nijeria bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti.
IIndman
thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ
Madjid Albry
Ọrụ ya
A mụrụ ya na Belbege, Niger, Albry malitere ọrụ ya na otu egwuregwu nke ndị German FC St. Pauli tupu ya abịanye aka na nkwekọrịta na Werder Bremen na 1 Julaị 2007. O mere nke mbụ ya maka Werder Bremen II na 15 Septemba 2009 na 3. Liga megide Kickers Offenbach. Na 21 Mee 2010, e gosipụtara na a gaghị emezigharị nkwekọrịta ya ma ọ nwere ike ịhapụ klọb ahụ na 30 June 2010.
IIndman
Phenyo Kgaffe (amụrụ na 25 Nọvemba 1992) nke a maara nke ọma dị ka IIndman (nke a na-akpọ "send man") bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri eletrọniki na onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke bi na South Africa. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi aha ya bụ MARS, ọrụ ya nke Earth Sun Moon bipụtara.
Madjid Albry
Ọrụ ya
Na 23 Jenụwarị 2010, ọ kwupụtara na ya na FC Oberneuland bịnyere aka. Na Jenụwarị afọ 2011 ọ sonyeere Altona 93.
IIndman
Ndụ na ọrụ
Kgaffe si Mahikeng, obere obodo dị na South Africa. Site na mbido afọ 2007 ọ malitere iburu egwu ya banye na DAW ̊ FL Studio iji dekọọ egwu mgbe ọ na-emepụta ihe osise dị ka ihe ntụrụndụ. N'afọ 2009 ọ malitere iso Mo'Molemi rụọ ọrụ na abọm ya "Rebel Without a Pause" ebe o mepụtara egwu Lefika-Town feat. Spikey nke Lyv Records mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ anya na AKA nke I.V League maka South African Hype Magazine Hip Hop Awards. Ya na Dreamteam rụkọkwara ọrụ na Blow Up Mixtape, ndị na-agba egwu - The Repertoires, Chez Ntemba, LiquidChefs SA na Very Special Saturday nke Fifi Costello na DJ Sliqe kwadoro, ihe osise anya maka SAMA Award Winning DJ Sliqe, Kwesta, na Da King of African Rap album art maka DaKAR II na 2016. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na mgbasa ozi na ahịa maka ihe omume egwu South Africa nke gụnyere GoodSundae maka Benny Maverick & DJ Feel na Groove Afrika.
E wezụga ịbụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri, ọ na-atọ ntọala maka egwu elektrọnik South Africa. Onye nwere ọgụgụ isi egwu a mụrụ na Mahikeng nke setịpụrụ anya ya n'iwere egwu elektrọnik South Africa gaa na ọkwa ọzọ dị elu. Site na ntọhapụ ndị malitere na 2013, ọ gosipụtara ugboro ugboro na o doro anya na ọ nọ n'ihu oge ya.
Egwú
thumb|325x325px|IIndMan maka 1707 Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na electronica, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma site na ọrụ nka uche. N'afọ 2015 ọ wepụtara EP eletrọniki mbụ ya nke OkayAfrica kwuru "IIndman's 6-track <i id="mwKg">La Bella Vita</i> EP bụ ọwa na-emebi emebi nke drum whips, muffled vocals, na scraped effects. Malite na egwu na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, nke nwere isi na-aga n'ihu na "Lemonade," nke na-adabere na ụda, nke na-akụ egwu, nke a tọhapụrụ n'onwe ya na-ahụ naanị ìhè na egwu nke ise "Never Let You Down," nnukwu ihe mejupụtara eriri nke na-amalite na ọchịchọ ụbọchị ọmụmụ miri emi. N'ịbụ nke otú egwu sochiri n'otu afọ ahụ na onye na-agụ egwu Norway - Camilla Luna, a na-ekwu na ọ na-ezube ịgwakọta ọdịdị gburugburu na ụda keyboard ọnụ n'elu ịgbà na ụda n'ụzọ na-echetara Flying Lotus na J Dilla, onye IIndman depụtara dị ka ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta egwu ya. O mekwara ka egwu ECHLN nke akpọrọ 'Honey' nke egwu IIndman bụ nke pụrụ iche ma mee ka egwu Singapore-based label - Darker Than Wax mara na 2017.
Ihe osise
Kgaffe ga-abanye na Tumblr ebe ọ natara foto ma jiri ha mee ihe dị ka isi iyi nke mkpali, na-anwale na kọmputa, wee malite idezi site na iji Microsoft Publisher na Microsoft Paint, na-emepụta eserese. N'afọ 2009, ọ malitere ịjị Adobe Photoshop rụọ ọrụ, na-emepụta ihe oyiyi nwere ụda obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi ọdịnihu gbara ọchịchịrị. O jiri ịntanetị jikọọ ya na ndị ọzọ, ndị ahịa na isi mmalite nke ihe osise. Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri dịka Mark Ryden, James Turrell, Oleg Dou, Sara Golish, Vanessa Beecroft, Marcel Van Der Vlugt, Amy Judd na Ruud van Empel sokwa na ndị kpaliri ya.
Njikọ mpụga
Official page on Tumblr Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
GuarantCo
GuarantCo bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-etinye ego na akụrụngwa ma na-akwado mmepe nke ahịa ego na mba ndị nwere obere ego na Asia na Africa.
Nchịkọta
Ewebatara GuarantCo na 2005 na Port Louis, Mauritius iji kwado ọrụ akụrụngwa yana nyere aka mmepe nke ahịa ego mpaghara na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe gafee Eshia na Africa.
Jani Allan
thumb|Jani Allan Jani Allan (amuru 11 Septemba 1952) bu onye odeakụkọ South Africa, onye ode akwukwo, ode akwukwo na onye mgbasa ozi. Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị ama ama mgbasa ozi obodo mbụ na 1980 na 1990.
GuarantCo
Nchịkọta
GuarantCo bụ akụkụ nke Group Development Infrastructure (PIDG).
E mepere ụlọ ọrụ mbụ nke GuarantCo, nke mechara bụrụ isi ụlọ ọrụ ya, na 2005 na Ebene, Mauritius.
Jani Allan
Na 1980, Allan ghọrọ onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ centrist, Sunday Times, akwụkwọ akụkọ kachasị na South Africa na-ekesa kwa izu. Ọ bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma n'ime afọ iri sochirinụ, na-ebipụta ogidi ndị dị ka Just Jani, Jani Allan's Week na Face to Face. N'oge a ma ama ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nyere ọrụ nyocha Gallup na 1987 ka ọ chọta "onye a kacha nwee mmasị na South Afrika" ma bụrụ onye mbụ. N'afọ 2015, Marianne Thamm nke Daily Maverick kọwara Allan dịka onye "onye ode akwụkwọ na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha nwee mmetụta na mba ahụ".
GuarantCo
Nchịkọta
Na 2015, e mepere ụlọ ọrụ na Nairobi iji kwado ụlọ ọrụ Africa.
Blackwater (coal)
Blackwater bụ ụdị mmetọ a na-emepụta na nkwadebe coal. N'ime ime ka ọ dị ọcha, a na-egbutu coal n'ụlọ ọrụ na-akwadebe coal wee kewaa ya ma buru ya dị ka slurry coal, Site na slurry, a na'iwepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị agba ọkụ ma nwee ike ịhazi coal. MMgbe mgbake nke coal ahụ site na slurry a, mmiri fọdụrụnụ bụ oji, nwere ezigbo ahụ nke coal. Enweghị ike ịhazi mmiri ojii a n'ebe a na-edozi mmiri.?<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">]
Jani Allan
Mgbe obere oge na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị na London, ọ malitere ide ogidi ndị nweere onwe ha maka mbipụta Britain wee bipụta kọlụm oge niile maka Scope. Ọ laghachiri South Afrika na 1996, na-ebipụta kọlụm webụ a na-akwado ma na-egosi ihe ngosi redio na Cape Talk. Mgbe ezumike gbatịchara, ọ laghachiri na mgbasa ozi South Afrika na 2013. Na 2014, o mere akụkọ gburugburu ụwa mgbe o bipụtasịrị akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe na ebubo igbu ọchụ Oscar Pistorius. Jacana Media bipụtara ihe ncheta Allan, Jani Confidential na 16 Maachị 2015. Ọ malitere ide ọkara oge niile maka The Epoch Times site na 2018. Na South Afrika ọ na-aga n'ihu na-edepụta mpempe echiche nke onwe ya, na ọrụ ya na-apụtakarị na Daily Maverick, Fair Lady na nso nso a na Rapport. Na 2020 Allan malitere ibipụta ogidi echiche maka RT (nke bụbu Russia Today), ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Russia. Allan ebiela na United States kemgbe 2001.
GuarantCo
Nchịkọta
Ndị gọọmentị United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia na Sweden na-akwado GuarantCo. Ọzọkwa, a na-akwado ya site na PIDG Trust, Netherlands, site na FMO, na PIDG Trust, France site na ụlọ ọrụ na-echere, yana Global Affairs Canada site na ụlọ ọrụ akwụghachi.
Blackwater (coal)
Ọdachi Ndị Ọdachi
Mgbochi maka nchekwa nke mmiri ojii na ihe mkpofu coal ndị ọzọ nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme na-enwe nsogbu na-enwekarị nnukwu nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi.i.
Jani Allan
Ndụ mbido
Otu di na nwunye bara ọgaranya nke Britain na South Africa, John Murray Allan na Janet Sophia Henning nabatara Allan mgbe ha dị otu ọnwa. Nna nkuchi Allan, onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ kwa ụbọchị nke Johannesburg, The Star nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 18. Nne ya bụ onye na-ere ihe ochie nke nwere ụlọ ahịa dị na Randburg. Henning na Henning di nke abụọ, Walter Eric Monteith Fry zụlitere Allan. Ezinụlọ ahụ biri na Randburg tupu ha akwaga Bryanston na Sandton. Allan gara Franklin D. Roosevelt Primari skọọl yana Blairgowrie Primari skọọl ebe otu n'ime ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ bụ onye edemede Rian Malan.
GuarantCo
Nchịkọta
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na mba 22. GuarantCo nwere oru otutu obodo abuo na Africa na Asia. Dị ka nke 2019, ụlọ ọrụ emechaala azụmahịa 57 na mba 22 wee mee ka $ 5.8 ijeri itinye ego.
Blackwater (coal)
Ọdachi Ndị Ọdachi
N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1972, a tọhapụrụ ihe mgbochi mmiri atọ na-ejide ngwakọta nke coal slurry na Logan County, West Virginia n'usoro: US gallons Otu narị nde na iri atọ (490,000 m3) nke mmiri na-egbu egbu na Buffalo Creek Flood. Dị ka a tụlere n'akwụkwọ The Buffalo Creek Flood: An Act of Man, n'ime mmadụ 5,000, mmadụ 125 nwụrụ, 1,121 merụrụ ahụ, na ihe karịrị Puku anọ enweghị ebe obibi. Idei mmiri ahụ kpatara mmebi nde dollar iri ise. N'agbanyeghị ihe akaebe nke ileghara anya, ụlọ ọrụ Pittston Coal Company, nke nwere mmiri ahụ, kpọrọ ihe omume ahụ "Omume Chineke".
Jani Allan
Ndụ mbido
O mechara gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Roedean wee gụchaa na Greenside High School. Ọ bụ onye pianist oge ochie zụrụ azụ wee dekọọ egwu egwu piano televishọn mgbe ọ bụ nwata, wee soro need egwu egwu Johannesburg mee mpụta mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 10. Ọ nwetakwara nzere BA Honors na Fine Art na Mahadum Witwatersrand ebe ọ nwetakwara nzere nkuzi nkuzi HED Post-grad. Allan nwetara nke mbụ maka eserese na imewe na onye nwe ụlọ gallery, Trevor Coleman kwere nkwa inye ya ihe ngosi otu nwanyị. Onye mgbasa ozi Britain bụ Michael de Morgan mepere ihe ngosi nke onye nkatọ nka na onye na-ese mmiri, Richard Cheales bịara.
Blackwater (coal)
Ọdachi Ndị Ọdachi
N'afọ 2002, ndagwurugwu dị mita 900 (270 ) n'ịdị elu, mita puku abuo (610 m) n"ogologo jupụtara na Lyburn, West Virginia dara ma gbadaa n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'akụkụ mkpịsị ụkwụ nke jupụtara, na-emepụta nnukwu ebili mmiri na sediment nke bibiri ọtụtụ ụgbọala na ụlọ.
Nkà na ụzụ ọdịnihu
Ihe ngwọta kachasị maka nsogbu mmiri ojii bụ ịhazi coal na-enweghị iji mmiri. Nkà na ụzụ nkewa mmiri dị otú ahụ na-emepe emepe.
Jani Allan
1980–1989: Ụbọchị Sọnde
N'afọ 1980, onye nchịkọta akụkọ bụ Tertius Myburgh were Allan n'ọrụ ka ọ dee kọlụm maka Sunday Times wee bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu kacha na-ekesa mba. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'isi isi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Sunday Times, ọ malitekwara ibipụta Radio Jani, nyocha egwu ya. O nwekwara ebe akụkọ pop nke abalị na ihe nkiri David Gresham na Springbok Radio. Na 1986 ọ malitere ibipụta izu Jani Allan na akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ isi. Ọ ga-akọ akụkọ gbasara ọrụ ndị mara mma dị ka nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị a ma ama South Afrika na-eme ma na-agba ndị a ma ama ajụjụ ọnụ.
Otu afọ ka e mesịrị Allan nọ na Mauritius na-ekpuchi azụ Marlin mgbe ụgbọ elu Helderberg South African Airways 295 dara n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ. Allan na onye ọrụ ibe ya Geoff Allan bụ ndị nta akụkọ mbụ na ọdụ ụgbọ elu. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sunday Times bipụtara akụkọ nkwonkwo ha maka ihe mberede ahụ gburu onye ọ bụla nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ.
Ọhaneze siri ike gbasiri ike mgbe a họpụtara ya "onye a kacha amasị na South Afrika" na ntuli aka Gallup nke Sunday Times nyere na 1987. Onye edemede Maverick Daily bụ Marianne Thamm na-akwado echiche a, na-akọwa Allan dị ka "otu oge onye na-ede akwụkwọ na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha emetụta na mba ahụ."
N'afọ 1988, ndị isi ya dochie izu Jani Allan na "Face to Face", kọlụm profaịlụ nwere nnukwu mmasị na isiokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ka Saụt Afrịka bịara na-anọpụ iche na mba ụwa n'ihi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ọ gbara ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dịka Eugène Terre'Blanche, Winnie Mandela, Denis Worrall, na Mangosuthu Buthelezi ajụjụ ọnụ.
Mgbalị igbu mmadụ na ọpụpụ
Mgbe a nwara igbu mmadụ na ndụ ya na 1989, ndị ọrụ nzuzo dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ pụọ na South Afrika. Ọ maliteghachiri ọrụ n’akwụkwọ akụkọ Johannesburg n’ụlọ ọrụ ha dị na Lọndọn. Na London, Allan weputara kọlụm ọhụrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ aha ya bụ Jani na nnukwu akara mkpado Jani Allan - na-akọ akụkọ sitere na London. Mgbe ọ nọsịrị izu isii na Lọndọn, Allan laghachiri ịrụ ọrụ n’ọfis dị na Johannesburg. Mgbe otu izu laghachiri ọrụ, a gwara Allan ka ọ nyefee arụkwaghịm ya n'ihi na ọ "ghọọla akụkọ". Oge Allan nọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kwụsịrị na Septemba 1989.
1990–1996: London
Ka ọ na-erule 1990 Allan abụrụla onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbe niile maka akwụkwọ akụkọ South Afrika kwa izu, Scope, na-ewepụta kọlụm Jani Allan nke akpọrọ onwe ya site na ntọala ya na London. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ihe ịga nke ọma ya, Scope nwere mgbasa ozi kachasị ukwuu nke magazin Bekee ọ bụla na South Afrika. Otu akwụkwọ Allan dere na 5 October 1990, mpịakọta 25, nọmba 20 na magazin ahụ bụ onye MP Dries Bruwer gosipụtara n'ihu ụlọ omeiwu South Africa na 1991 iji kwado okwu iwu. thumb| Allan na Charlton Heston na Hyde Park Hotel na 1990 maka ajụjụ ọnụ Sunday Times (UK) Na 1990, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ ọha oge ụfọdụ maka London Sunday Times wee gbaa ndị mmadụ ajụjụ ọnụ dịka Charlton Heston maka akwụkwọ akụkọ wee bipụta mpempe echiche maka akwụkwọ akụkọ.