cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Iwu mba ọzọ nke Japan na Africa
Azụmaahịa
N'afọ 1990, Afrịka nwere ihe karịrị 1% nke ihe ndị Japan na-ebubata na ihe karịrị 1% ya na-ebupụ. Onye mmekọ azụmahịa kachasị ukwuu nke Japan na Africa na 1990 bụ South Africa, nke mejupụtara 30% nke ihe Japan na-ebupụ na Africa na 50% nke ihe Japan si na mpaghara ahụ. N'ihi mmachibido iwu azụmahịa nke United States na mba ndị ọzọ tinyere na South Africa, Japan pụtara dị ka onye mmekọ azụmahịa kachasị ukwuu na South Africa n'oge afọ 1980. Ọnọdụ a gosipụtara ihere na Japan ma mee ka ọ belata mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba na mba ahụ. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na South Africa nọgidere bụrụ onye mmekọ azụmahịa kachasị ukwuu nke Japan na mpaghara ahụ, ma mbupụ na mbubata na 1988 ejirila ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ belata site na ọnụ ahịa ha na 1980. Site na njedebe nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mmekọrịta mba ụwa nke South Africa na 1994 ọrụ pụrụ iche nke Japan kwụsịrị.
Site na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 21 ruo tupu Great Recession, ọnụ ahịa azụmahịa na Africa malitere site na ihe dị ka ijeri US $ 8 ruo n'ókè dị ka ijere US $ 34; Otú ọ dị, site na 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ a belatara ruo ihe dị ka US $ 18 ijeri.
Site na 2015, e mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ahịa ahịa ahịa Japan na Africa dị ihe dị ka ijeri US $ 24.
Ntinye ego
N'afọ 1989, Japan mere nnukwu mmụba n'enyemaka nye Africa site na ọkwa nke mmemme enyemaka US $ 600 nde maka afọ atọ sochirinụ.
Ntinye ego site na afọ 2000 gaa n'ihu bụ isi na South Africa na ọtụtụ n'ihe gbasara ike na mmepụta. Ntinye ego ndị ọzọ lekwasịrị anya n'ịbawanye mmepụta ugbo, ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ dị mma, iwu na idebe akụrụngwa, na njikwa ahụike.
Ihe odide
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2003 Lagos State gubernatorial election
Ntuli aka gọvanọ nke steeti Lagos nke afọ 2003 mere n'ụbọchị iri na itoolu nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2003. Gọvanọ AD na-achị ugbu a bụ Bola Tinubu meriri ntuli aka maka oge nke abụọ, na-emeri Funsho Williams nke PDP na ndị ọzọ anọ.
Bola Tinubu pụtara n'enweghị onye na-emeghe ya na ntuli aka gọvanọ AD mgbe ndị niile na-achọ ịpụ. O nwere Femi Pedro dị ka onye ya na ya na-agba ọsọ.
Usoro ntuli aka
A na-ahọpụta Gọvanọ nke Lagos Steeti site na iji usoro ịtụ vootu.
Nsonaazụ
Ngụkọta nke mmadụ isii dere aha na Independent National Electoral Commission iji sọọ mpi na ntuli aka ahụ. Gọvanọ AD Bola Tinubu meriri nhọpụta ọzọ maka oge nke abụọ, na-emeri Funsho Williams nke ndị PDP na ndị otu anọ dị obere.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ngụkọta nke ndị debanyere aha na steeti ahụ bụ 4,558,216.
Nompumelelo Ngoma
Nompumelelo Ngoma (amụrụ n'afọ 1984) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ebi akwụkwọ. Ọrụ ya dị ná nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nkè Smithsonian's National Museum of African Art.
N'afọ 2016, ọ natara ònyìnyé Cassirer Welz.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Ngoma nà Soweto, Jabulani nà South Africa.
Ngoma gárá South West Gauteng College ébé ọ gụrụ Fine Art. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ afọ atọ na Artist Proof Studio ma nweta nzèrè Honours nà Visual Art nà Mahadum Johannesburg nà 2012.
Monoprint ya, Take Care of Me, bụ nkè National Museum of African Art zụrụ na 2014 mà gosipụta ya na ihe ngosi nka I Am...Ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe n'oge a n'Africa. Ihe ngosi mbụ nke Ngoma bụ THULA MFAZI! na Circa Johannesburg na 2017. N'afọ 2021, a gụnyere ọrụ Ngoma na North-West University (NWU) Gallery's online exhibit: Mantariana Mbokodo Musings lekwasịrị ányá na ụmụ nwanyị ise na-ese ihe na South Africa.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ifufe ọdịda anyanwụ
Ifufe ọdịda anyanwụ bụ ifufe nké na-esi n'ébé ọdịda anyanwụ ma na-efe n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ.
Akụkọ ifo na akwụkwọ
N'ọdịnala ndị Europe, a na-ewère ya dị ka nke kachasị mfe na nke kachasị mmá n'ime ifufe ndị na-aga n'ihu.
N'akụkọ ifo ndị Gris, Zephyrus bụ ónyé na-anọchite ányá ifufe ọdịda anyanwụ na ónyé na-eweta ógè opupu ihe ubi na ikuku ógè okpomọkụ; ónyé Rom ya bụ Favonius (ya mèrè adjective favonian, nke metụtara ifufe ọdịd anyanwụ).
N'akụkọ ifo ndị Ijipt, Ḥutchai bụ chi nke ifufe ọdịda anyanwụ. E gosipụtara ya dị ka nwoke nwéré isi agwọ.
Geoffrey Chaucer dere banyéré "swete breth" nke Zephyrus, a pụkwara ịkpọ ikuku dị nro, nke dị nro dị ka zephyr, dịka na Cymbeline (IV, ii) nké William Shakespeare: "Ha dị ka ndị dị nro / Dị ka zephyrs na-afụ n'okpuru violet, / Ọ bụghị ịkwagharị isi ya dị ụtọ. "
N'ọdịnala ndị Iroquois, Panther na-eweta "ikuku ọdịda anyanwụ", nkè na-adịghị mmá ma dị egwu. Enwere ike ịmara ifufe ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka zephyr.
N'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Italic, Ponente bụ ifufe ọdịda anyanwụ na onyinyo nke ógè opupu ihe ubi na mbido ógè okpomọkụ; ifufe ya na-adịkarị jụụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ ma dị nro; yiri ya na Rom bụ Favonius.
Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na Africa
Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke Afrịka na esite na mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ma na emetụta ụmụ mmadụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ndụ niile. Nsogbu gụnyere mgbukpọ ọhịa, mmebi ala, mmetọ ikuku, mmetor mmiri, mmetụ mkpofu, mgbanwe ihu igwe na ụkọ mmiri (na akpata nsogbu na ịnweta mmiri dị mma na ịdị ọcha). Nsogbu ndị a na akpata esemokwu gburugburu ebe obibi ma jikọta ya na ọgụ ọha na eze sara mbara maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ọbụbụeze.
Mgbukpọsị oké ọhịa
Nnukwu igbutu osisi na mbelata nke mpaghara ọhịa bụ isi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke Kọntinent Afrịka. A na egbutu oké ọhịa na ntụgharị ala maka ọrụ ugbo, ebe obibi na mkpa mmanụ. Pasent iri itoolu nke ndị bi n'Afrika chọrọ osisi iji mee ihe dị ka mmanụ maka okpomọkụ na isi nri. N'ihi ya, mpaghara ọhịa na ebelata kwa ụbọchị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mpaghara nke oké ọhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Dị ka United Mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọzara nke Afrika bụ okpukpu abụọ karịa nke ụwa. thumb|Mgbukpọ nke Oké Ọhịa Mmiri Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na akwadoghị, nke bụ isi ihe ọzọ na akpata mgbukpọ ọhịa, dịgasị iche site na mba ruo mba, dịka 50% na Cameroon na 80% na Liberia. Na Democratic Republic of the Congo, ọ bụ mkpa nke ụmụ amaala dara ogbenye kpatara mgbukpọ ọhịa, yana igbu osisi na igwu ala n'enweghị onye nlekọta. Na Etiopia, isi ihe kpatara ya bụ mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na mba ahụ, nke na-akpata mmụba n'ọrụ ugbo, mmepụta anụ ụlọ, na osisi mmanụ. Agụmakwụkwọ dị ala na obere ntinye aka gọọmentị na enyekwa aka n'ịgbukpọ ọhịa. Ọ bụ ụmụ amaala na eji usoro slash-na-ọkụ eme ihe kpatara mbibi ọhịa Madagascar mgbe nnwere onwe site na ndị France. N'afọ 2005, Naịjirịa nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke mgbukpọ ọhịa n'ụwa, dị ka Òtù nri na ọrụ ugbo nke United Mba(FAO) si kwuo. Mgbukpọ ọhịa na Naịjirịa sitere na ịkpụ osisi, ọrụ ugbo, na nchịkọta osisi maka mmanụ. Dị ka gfy si kwuo, mgbukpọ ọhịa emebiwo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 90% nke oké ọhịa Afrika. Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka nwere naanị 22.8% nke oké ọhịa ya na ekpo ọkụ fọdụrụ, na 81% nke oké ọhịa ochie na-eto eto na Naịjirịa furu efu n'ime afọ 15. Mgbukpọ ọhịa na ebelata ohere mmiri ozuzo; Etiopia enweela ụnwụ nri na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo n'ihi nke a. 98% nke oké ọhịa Etiopia apụọla n'anya n'ime afọ 50 gara aga. N'ime afọ 43, oke ọhịa Kenya belatara site na 10% ruo 1.7%. Mgbukpọ ọhịa na Madagascar emeela ka ọ bụrụ ọzara, ala furu efu, na mmebi mmiri, na akpata enweghị ike nke mba ahụ inye ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto eto. N'ime afọ ise gara aga, Naịjirịa tụfuru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke oké ọhịa ya.
Gọọmentị Etiopia, tinyere òtù ndị dị ka Farm Afrika, na-amalite ime ihe iji kwụsị igbuchapụ oké ọhịa.
Mgbukpọsị oké ọhịa bụ nsogbu, oké ọhịa dịkwa mkpa n'Afrika, ebe ndị mmadụ na adabere na ha nke ukwuu iji nye mkpa ndị bụ isi. A na eji osisi eme ihe maka ebe obibi, uwe, ihe ọrụ ugbo, na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. A na ejikwa ihe ndị dị n'ọhịa mepụta ọgwụ na nri dịgasị iche iche. Ụfọdụ n'ime nri ndị a gụnyere mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ osisi, mmanụ aṅụ, na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Osisi dị oke mkpa maka uru akụ na ụba n'Afrika, ọkachasị na mba ndị na emepe emepe. Oké ọhịa na enyekwa gburugburu ebe obibi aka. A na eme atụmatụ na belt akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke Afrika nwere ihe karịrị nde 1.5 ụdị. Enweghị ebe obibi ọhịa iji chebe ụdị ahụ, ndị mmadụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ihe ndụ nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na ụdị dị iche iche nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na mgbukpọ ọhịa. Omume ahụ bụ mmetụta domino nke na-emetụta ọtụtụ akụkụ nke obodo, gburugburu ebe obibi, na akụ na ụba.
Ọtụtụ mba Afrịka amalitela ịrụ ọrụ mweghachi iji weghachi mmetụta nke igbutu osisi. E gosiputara ọrụ ndị a iji meziwanye gburugburu ebe obibi n'ọtụtụ ụzọ na ihe ndị mmadụ bi nso. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, "atụmatụ mweghachi na agroforestry nwere ike inye aka, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịchịkọta carbon, gbochie idei mmiri, kwalite ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, dozie ala ndị mebiri emebi, na-enye ike maka ndị ogbenye ime obodo ma melite iji ala na njikwa mmiri."
Mmetụta ala
thumb|Ájá na mmiri n'akụkụ ụzọ ahụ, na-akpata mbuze na gburugburu ebe obibi Mmiri ozuzo, osimiri na ifufe kpatara na ojiji gabigara ókè nke ala maka ọrụ ugbo na obere ojiji nke nsị emeela ka ala ghara ịmị mkpụrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mbara ala nke Naịl na Osimiri oroma. Isi ihe na-akpata mmebi ala bụ enweghị fatịlaịza a na eji eme ihe, ebe ọ bụ na ala Afrịka enweghị ihe oriri. Mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ enyekwara aka mgbe ndị mmadụ chọrọ ịkọ ihe, dị ka isi iyi nke ego, mana ha anaghị eme ihe iji chebe ala, n'ihi ego dị ala. Ụzọ ndị dị ugbu a na akpata nrụgide dị ukwuu na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka oké ọhịa, ọ naghịkwa adịgide adịgide. E nwekwara ihe na akpata gburugburu ebe obibi nke ala na adịghị mma. Ọtụtụ n'ime ala ahụ nwere nkume ma ọ bụ ụrọ sitere na mgbawa ugwu. Ihe ndị ọzọ na akpata ya gụnyere mbuze, ọzara, na mgbukpọ ọhịa. Isi iyi ọzọ nke mmebi ala bụ njikwa na ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ihe mkpofu, enweghị ụlọ ọrụ na usoro iji jikwaa ihe mkpofu na eduga na ịwụfu ihe mkpofu n'ime ala, ya mere na akpata mmebi ala site na usoro dị ka leaching.
Mmebi nke ala Afrịka na akpata mbelata mmepụta nri, na emebi mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, na mbelata zuru oke na ogo ndụ n'Afrịka. Nsogbu a ga-ebelata ma ọ bụrụ na fatịlaịza na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ dị ọnụ ala karị ma si otú a jiri ya mee ihe karịa. Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu enyewo ọrụ Ntụle zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mmebi ala mmadụ kpalitere (GLASOD) iji nyochaa ihe kpatara ya na ọnọdụ ala ahụ. Enwere ike ịnweta ozi anakọtara n'efu, a na-atụkwa anya na a ga-eme ka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nọ n'ebe ndị a na-eyi egwu mara.
Mmetọ ikuku
thumb|Ọkụ nke taya ụgbọ ala na ịkpata nnukwu mmetọ ikuku na Accra Mmiri dị n'Afrika na emetọ nke ukwuu n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe ndị e kwuru n'okpuru ebe a. Ụzọ mbụ nke ọrụ ugbo nke na ewere ọnọdụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'Afrika bụ n'ezie ihe kpatara ya. Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (FAO) na-eme atụmatụ na nde hekta 11.3 nke ala na-efu kwa afọ maka ọrụ ugbo, ịta nri, ọkụ na enweghị nchịkwa na iji nkụ. A na-eji ọkụ nke osisi na icheku ọkụ eme ihe maka isi nri ma nke a na-eme ka a tọhapụ carbon dioxide n'ime ikuku, nke bụ ihe na egbu egbu na ikuku. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi ụkọ ike, ọtụtụ ụlọ ga-adabere na mmanụ na mmanụ dizel na ndị na-emepụta ihe iji mee ka ọkụ eletrik ha na-agba ọsọ. Mmetọ ikuku n'Afrika na-abịa n'ihu ma ekwesighi ileghara ya anya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na South Afrika, ọkwa mercury siri ike n'ihi ọkụ kol na igwupụta ọlaedo. Mercury na-amịkọrọ site na ikuku n'ime ala na mmiri. Ala na enye ohere ka ihe ọkụkụ mịrị mercury, nke ụmụ mmadụ na-eri. Ụmụ anụmanụ na-eri ahịhịa nke na-amị mercury na ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike iri anụmanụ ndị a ọzọ. Azụ na-amị mercury site na mmiri, ụmụ mmadụ na eri azụ ahụ ma na-aṅụ mmiri nke na-amịrị mercury. Nke a na eme ka ọkwa mercury dị n'ime ụmụ mmadụ. Nke a nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu ihe ize ndụ ahụike.
A na-atụ anya na Afrika nwere ike ịnọchite anya ọkara nke mmetọ ụwa site na 2030, na-adọ onye nduzi Cathy Liousse aka ná ntị maka nyocha nke ikuku nke CNRS, yana ọtụtụ ndị nchọpụta ndị ọzọ. Dị ka akụkọ ahụ si kwuo, mpaghara Sahara Afrika na enwe mmetọ na-arịwanye elu ngwa ngwa, nke sitere n'ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya, dị ka ọkụ ọkụ maka isi nri, ọkụ ọkụ nke ihe mkpofu, okporo ụzọ, nri na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal, uzuzu sitere na Sahara nke ifufe na ebufe na mpaghara Sahel, ihe a niile siri ike site na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ime obodo.
Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-akọ banyere mkpa ọ dị itinye aka mgbe ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngụkọta nke Afọ ndụ ndị nkwarụ agbanweela furu efu n'ihi ikpughe na mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ n'Afrika. A chọrọ mmanụ iji mee ka ọkụ dị n'abalị. Mmanụ a na-ere ọkụ na-akpata nnukwu ikuku carbon dioxide n'ime ikuku. N'ihi mmụba nke ime obodo n'Afrika, ndị mmadụ na-ere mmanụ ụgbọala na-arịwanye elu ma na-eji ọtụtụ ụgbọala maka njem. Mmụba nke ikuku ụgbọ ala na omume na-aga n'ihu na mmepụta ihe ka ukwuu pụtara na ikuku ikuku obodo na kọntinent ahụ na-akawanye njọ. Nke a bụkwa ihe mere n'ọtụtụ nnukwu obodo dị na Naịjirịa ebe ndị isi na-enye aka na ikuku na-adịghị mma gụnyere ikuku ụgbọ ala, ikuku ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọkụ ọkụ siri ike. Mgbanwe oge na mmetọ dịkwa na ọkwa kachasị elu nke mmetọ ikuku na-eme n'oge ọkọchị (Novemba ruo Maachi n'ebe ugwu, May ruo Septemba n'ebe ndịda).
N'ọtụtụ mba, ojiji nke mmanụ ụgbọala na-ebute ụzọ ka na-agbasa ebe niile, na njikwa ikuku ụgbọ ala adịghị. Mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ jupụtara ebe niile, ọkachasị site na ọkụ coal na kichin maka isi nri. Ngwakọta ndị a na ewepụta site na ọdụ mmanụ na nitrogen na hydrocarbon a na-emepụta site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu na akpata mmetọ ikuku. Carbon dioxide gas ndị ọzọ na ekpo ọkụ na ikuku na akpata mmụba nke ndị nwere nsogbu iku ume.
Enwere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mmetọ ikuku na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Afrịka dịgasị iche iche n'etiti mpaghara ndị mmadụ jupụtara na mpaghara ndị mmadụ na erughị. N'ógbè ebe e nwere obere mmepe ụlọ ọrụ na mmadụ ole na ole, ikuku dị elu. N'aka nke ọzọ, n'ógbè ndị mmadụ jupụtara na ndị mepere emepe, ikuku dị ala. Idozi mmetọ ikuku n'obodo ukwu na-abụkarị ihe kachasị mkpa, ọ bụ ezie na kọntinent ahụ n'ozuzu ya na-emepụta obere mmetọ ifufe site na ụkpụrụ mba ụwa. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, mmetọ ikuku na-akpata nsogbu ahụike na gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a na-emetọ bụ ihe iyi egwu nye ndị bi n'Afrika na gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-agbalịsi ike iji kwado.
N'afọ 2019, mmetọ ikuku gburu nde mmadụ 1.1 gafee Africa, dịka nnyocha e bipụtara na Nke Lancet Planetary Ahụike n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021. Ihe karịrị nde ụmụaka Afrịka 350 bi n'ezinụlọ ndị na-eji mmanụ siri ike, ọkachasị osisi na kol, maka isi nri na okpomọkụ. Mgbasa sitere na mmanụ ndị a siri ike bụ isi ihe na-akpata mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ.
Mmetọ plastik
thumb|Akụkụ nke ihe mkpofu plastik nke a na-ejighị n'aka Dị ka n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mba ndị na emepe emepe, mmetọ plastik na akpata nsogbu zuru oke dị ka mmetọ nke ụzọ mmiri, mmebi nke nchịkwa mmiri ozuzo, na mmụba nke ọrịa n'ihi anwụnta na ụmụ ahụhụ na ebi na plastik. Nchịkwa na ezighị ezi nke plastik bụ ngwakọta nke ọnụ ala nke ụdị ndị na emepụta ihe niile, dịka ọmụmaatụ site n'inye ohere dị mkpa maka mmiri site na karama mmiri na akpa mmiri, yana nlekọta na adịghị mma nke ihe mkpofu mgbe ejiri ya.
Ebe ụfọdụ n'Afrika abụwokwa ebe a na enweta ihe mkpofu plastik site na Global North. Gọọmentị ụfọdụ na-azaghachi, na kọntinent ahụ na-eduga ụwa ndị ọzọ na mmachibido iwu plastik nke belatara ojiji na imepụta plastik eji eme ihe dịka akpa plastik na ngwá ọrụ na enye nri.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Robyn Nesbitt
Robyn Nesbitt (amụrụ n'afọ 1984) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Johannesburg ugbu a. Nesbitt gụrụ na Mahadum Witwatersrand, ma Johannesburg. N'afọ 2007 ọ natara ihe nrite Spier Contemporary. Ọrụ Nesbitt dị iche site na nyocha ya nke ọma nke ihe ndị na-eme kwa ụbọchị site na usoro ndụ anyị na usoro eluigwe gbara anyị gburugburu. Oge na-atọ ọchị, nke na-ede uri, na nke na-adịghị mkpa na-aghọ ihe eji eme ihe na mgbasa ozi nke gụnyere nyocha, usoro, akwụkwọ, eserese, vidiyo, na foto. Ọ na-esokarị Nina Barnett emepụta ihe.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Taiwo Liadi
Liadi Taiwo (amụrụ na ụbọchị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Jun afọ 2002) bụ nwa afọ Naijiria na-ebu ibu, onye na-asọmpi na 76 kilogram category ma na-anọchite anya Naijiria n'asọmpi mba ụwa. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, o ritere ọlaọcha na 2022 Commonwealth Games. O setịpụkwara ndekọ ọhụrụ maka ụdị ndị obere nke Commonwealth na Clean & Jerk.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha
Ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na ịdị ọcha (HRWS) bụ ụkpụrụ na-ekwupụta na mmiri ọñụñụ dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha bụ ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ihi mkpa ha dị ukwuu n'ịkwado ndụ onye ọ bụla. Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nabatara ya dị ka ikike mmadụ na 28 Julaị 2010. A nabatara HRWS na iwu mba ụwa site na nkwekọrịta ikike mmadụ, nkwupụta na ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ. Ụfọdụ ndị na-akọwa nkọwa etinyewo arụmụka maka ịdị adị nke ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmiri na mgbakwasị ụkwụ na-adabere na mkpebi nke 2010 General Assembly, dị ka Nkeji edemede 11.1 nke International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR); N'etiti ndị nkọwa ahụ, ndị nabatara ịdị adị nke mba ụwa ius cogens ma na-atụle ya na ọ gụnyere ihe ndị e nyere n'ọgbụgba ndụ ahụ kwadoro na ikike dị otú ahụ bụ ụkpụrụ na-ejikọta ụwa dum nke iwu mba ụwa. Nkwekọrịta ndị ọzọ na-amata nke ọma HRWS gụnyere Mgbakọ 1979 maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè megide ụmụ nwanyị (CEDAW) na 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).
Nkọwa doro anya nke ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri bụ nke Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na-ahụ maka Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in General Comment 15 depụtara na 2002. Ọ bụ nkọwa na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na ịnweta mmiri bụ ọnọdụ maka obi ụtọ nke mmiri. ikike inwe usoro obibi ndụ zuru oke, nke na-enweghị ike ịpụpụ na ikike nke oke ahụike kachasị elu, ya mere ikike mmadụ. O kwuru, sị: "Ikike mmadụ inwe mmiri na-enye onye ọ bụla ikike ịnweta mmiri zuru oke, nchekwa, nke a na-anakwere, nke a na-enweta n'anụ ahụ na nke dị ọnụ ala maka ojiji onwe ya na nke ụlọ."
Mkpebi mbụ banyere HRWS bụ nke UN General Assembly na UN Human Rights Council mere na 2010. Ha kwuru na enwere ikike ịdị ọcha nke mmadụ jikọtara ya na ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri, ebe ọ bụ na enweghị ọcha na-ebelata ogo mmiri. n'okpuru ala, ya mere mkparịta ụka ndị sochirinụ gara n'ihu na-emesi ikike abụọ ahụ ike ọnụ. N'ọnwa Julaị 2010, Mkpebi Mgbakọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (UN) 64/292 kwadoro ikike mmadụ ịnata ọrụ mmiri na idebe ihe dị mma, dị ọnụ ala na dị ọcha. N'oge Nzukọ Ezumezu ahụ, o kwuru na maka ịghọta ihe ụtọ na ndụ na ikike mmadụ niile, a nakweere mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ọcha yana ịdị ọcha dị ka ikike mmadụ. Mkpebi Mgbakọ General 64/292 maka ikike mmadụ nweere onwe ya ịnweta mmiri ọñụñụ dị ọcha yana ịdị ọcha na-ewelite okwu gbasara ikike gọọmentị ịchịkwa na ibu ọrụ maka ichekwa mmiri na ịdị ọcha ahụ. Mmemme mmepe nke United Nations ekwuola na nnabata sara mbara maka mkpa ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha na ọrụ idebe mmiri kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi ga-akwalite mgbasawanye nke mmezu nke ndụ ahụike na afọ ojuju. Mkpebi UN edegharịrị na 2015 mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na ikike abụọ ahụ dị iche ma ha nhata.
Ndị HRWS na-amanye gọọmentị ka ha hụ na ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnụ ụtọ mmiri na ịdị ọcha dị mma, dị, nke a na-anakwere, yana ọnụ ala. Ịkwado mmiri na-atụle ókè ego mmiri na-eri na-aghọ ihe mgbochi nke na ọ chọrọ ka onye ahụ chụọ àjà ịnweta ngwaahịa na ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. N'ozuzu, iwu isi mkpịsị aka maka ike ị nweta mmiri bụ na ọ gaghị agafe pasent 3-5 nke ego ezinụlọ. Ịnweta mmiri na-atụle oge a na-ewe, ịdị mma na iru ebe ahụ na ihe ize ndụ dị na ya mgbe ị na-erute isi iyi mmiri. Mmiri ga-enwerịrị nwa amaala ọ bụla, nke pụtara na mmiri ekwesịghị ịgafe 1,000 mita ma ọ bụ 3,280 ụkwụ ma ga-adị n'ime nkeji iri atọ. Ịnweta mmiri na-atụle ma ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mmiri a na-enweta ọ̀ dị n'ụzọ zuru ezu, nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na nke ga-adigide. Ogo nke mmiri na-atụle ma mmiri ọ dị mma maka oriri, gụnyere maka ịṅụ mmanya ma ọ bụ ihe omume ndị ọzọ. Maka nnabata mmiri, ọ gaghị enwe isi ma ghara ịgụnye agba ọ bụla.
ICESCR chọrọ mba ndị debanyere aha ka ha jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ nweta ma kwanyere ikike mmadụ niile, gụnyere nke mmiri na ịdị ọcha. Ha kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa na nke ọma iji bulie ohere ma melite ọrụ.
Ọnọdụ mba ụwa
Otu WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation kọrọ na nde mmadụ 663 enweghị ike inweta mmiri ọñụñụ ka mma yana ihe karịrị ijeri mmadụ 2.4 enweghị ohere ịnweta ọrụ idebe ihe ọcha na 2015. Ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha bụ nnukwu nsogbu. maka ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa. Ebe ndị a na-anakwere gụnyere "njikọ ezinụlọ, ọkpọkọ ọha, olulu mmiri, olulu mmiri echedoro, isi iyi echedoro na nchịkọta mmiri ozuzo." Ọ bụ ezie na pasent 9 nke ndị bi n'ụwa nile enweghị mmiri, e nwere "ógbè ndị na-egbu oge karịsịa, dị ka Sub-Saharan Africa". UN kwusiri ike na "ihe dị ka nde ụmụaka 1.5 na-erubeghị afọ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ yana ụbọchị akwụkwọ nde 443 na-efunahụ n'ihi ọrịa mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha."
Ntọala iwu na nkwenye
Ọgbụgba ndụ mba ụwa na ikike akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na omenala (ICESCR) nke 1966 kwadoro ikike akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na omenala dị n'ime Nkwupụta Ụwa Nile Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ (UDHR) nke 1948. Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime akwụkwọ mbụ ndị a kwadoro nke ọma ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na mmiri. ịdị ọcha. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mgbakọ mba ụwa ka e mesịrị, nwere usoro ndị kwadoro ikike nke mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha.
"The International Bill of Human Rights"- nke nwere 1966: Ọgbụgba ndụ Mba Nile Maka ikike obodo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị (ICCPR); 1966: Isiokwu 11 na 12 nke 1966 International Covenant of Economic, Social, and Cultural Right (ICES); na 1948: Nkeji edemede 25 nke Nkwupụta Ụwa Nile Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ (UDHR) depụtara mgbanwe nke ikike mmadụ inwe mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha na ikike ndị ọzọ metụtara mmiri ka a nabata ya na iwu zuru ụwa ọnu.
Ndị ọkà mmụta kpọbakwara nlebara anya na mkpa ọ dị n'ikike UN nwere ike mata ikike mmadụ maka mmiri na ịdị ọcha na njedebe nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Mgbalị abụọ mbụ iji kọwaa ikike mmadụ nwere n'ịnyịnya sitere n'aka prọfesọ iwu Stephen McCaffrey nke Mahadum Pacific na 1992 na Dr. Peter Gleick na 1999. McCaffrey kwuru na "Enwere ike ịnye ikike dị otú ahụ dị ka akụkụ na akụkụ nke ikike. nri ma ọ bụ ihe oriri, ikike ahụike, ma ọ bụ nke kachasị, ikike ndụ. Gleick gbakwụnyere: "na ịnweta mmiri bụ isi nke chọrọ bụ ikike mmadụ bụ isi n'ụzọ doro anya na nke iwu mba ụwa, nkwupụta, na omume obodo kwadoro."
Kọmitii UN maka Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) nke na-ahụ maka nnabata ICESCR bịara na nkwubi okwu yiri nke ahụ dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta a nwere nkọwa zuru ezu nke 15 na 2002. Ọ chọpụtara na ikike ị nweta mmiri bụ akụkụ doro anya nke ikike nke ibi ndụ zuru oke na nke zuru oke. metụtara ikike maka ọkwa ahụike kachasị elu na ikike nke ụlọ zuru oke na nri zuru oke. Ọ na-akọwa na "Ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na-enye onye ọ bụla ikike ịnweta mmiri zuru oke, nchekwa, nke a na-anabata, nke a na-enweta n'anụ ahụ na nke dị ọnụ ala maka iji onwe ya na nke ụlọ. Ọnụ ego zuru oke nke mmiri dị mma dị mkpa iji gbochie ọnwụ site na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke mmiri. ọrịa metụtara yana inye maka oriri, nri, ihe ndị chọrọ ịdị ọcha nke onwe na nke ụlọ." Ọtụtụ mba kwetara ma kwenye n'ụzọ doro anya ikike ị nweta mmiri ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke ọrụ nkwekọrịta ha n'okpuru ICESCR (dịka, Germany; United Kingdom; Netherlands) mgbe e bipụtachara nkọwa zuru ezu 15.
E mere nzọụkwụ ọzọ na 2005 site na mbụ UN Sub-Commission on Promotion and Protection of Human Rights nke nyere ụkpụrụ iji nyere gọọmentị aka iru na ịkwanyere ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na ịdị ọcha. Ntuziaka ndị a mere ka UN Human Rights Council kenye Catarina de Albuquerque dị ka onye ọkachamara nọọrọ onwe ya na okwu gbasara ọrụ ndị ruuru mmadụ metụtara ịnweta mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha na 2008. O dere nkọwa zuru ezu na 2009 nke gosipụtara ọrụ ruru mmadụ na ịdị ọcha. , na CESCR zara ya site n'ikwu na steeti niile kwesịrị ịma ịdị ọcha.
N'ịgbaso mkparịta ụka siri ike, mba 122 kwadoro "ikike mmadụ nke mmiri na ịdị ọcha" na Mkpebi Nzuko 64/292 na 28 Julaị 2010. Ọ kwadoro ikike nke mmadụ ọ bụla ịnweta mmiri zuru oke maka ihe eji eme ihe na nke ụlọ (n'etiti n'etiti onwe ya). 50 na 100 lita mmiri kwa ụbọchị), nke ga-adị mma, nke a na-anabata ma dị ọnụ ala (ụgwọ mmiri ekwesịghị gafere 3% nke ego ezinụlọ), na ịnweta anụ ahụ (isi iyi mmiri kwesịrị ịdị n'ime 1,000 mita nke ụlọ na Oge nchịkọta ekwesịghị ịfe nkeji 30). ikike ị nweta mmiri na ịdị ọcha bụ akụkụ nke ikike inwe oke obibi ndụ zuru oke.
Iwu nke Catarina de Albuquerque dị ka "Ọkachamara nọọrọ onwe ya n'okwu gbasara ọrụ ndị ruuru mmadụ metụtara ịnweta mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha" gbatịpụrụ wee degharịa aha ya dị ka "Onye Nkwukọrịta Pụrụ Iche maka ikike mmadụ inwe mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na ịdị ọcha" mgbe mkpebi ndị dị na ya gasịrị. 2010. Site na akụkọ ya nye Human Rights Council na UN General Assembly, ọ gara n'ihu na-akọwapụta oke na ọdịnaya nke ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na ịdị ọcha. Dị ka onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche, o kwuru okwu ndị dị ka: Ọrụ ndị ruuru mmadụ metụtara inye ndị na-abụghị steeti ọrụ inye mmiri na ịdị ọcha (2010); Ego maka mmezu nke ikike maka mmiri na ịdị ọcha (2011); Ijikwa mmiri mkpofu na mmezu nke ikike nke mmiri na ịdị ọcha (2013); na nkwado na enweghị mgbagha na mmezu nke ikike nke mmiri na ịdị ọcha (2013). A họpụtara Léo Heller n'afọ 2014 ka ọ bụrụ onye nkwupụta pụrụiche nke abụọ maka ikike mmadụ maka ezigbo mmiri ọñụñụ na idebe ihe ọcha.
Mkpebi ndị sochirinụ gbatịpụrụ ikike nke onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche ma kọwaa ọrụ steeti ọ bụla na nkwanye ugwu nke ikike ndị a. Mkpebi Mgbakọ kachasị ọhụrụ 7/169 nke 2015 ka a na-akpọ nkwupụta nke "The Human Rights to Safe Drink Water and Sanitation. Ọ ghọtara ọdịiche dị n'etiti ikike mmiri na ikike ịdị ọcha. Emere mkpebi a n'ihi nchegbu. gbasara ikike idebe ọcha na-eleghara anya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikike mmiri. Òtù:Mmírí
Johanna Cornelius
Johanna Catharina Cornelius (February 27, 1912 - June 21, 1974) bụ onye Afrikaner na-eme ihe ike na onye otu ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Afrikaner Garment Workers' Union of South Africa (GWU) mgbe Solly Sachs gasịrị.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Cornelius na Lichtenburg, South Africa, ma too n'ime ime obodo South Africa dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ itoolu. Nna ya na nna nna ya lụrụ agha na Anglo Boer War ma tinye nne ya n'ogige ịta ahụhụ n'oge agha ahụ. Ya na nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye, Hester Cornelius, kwagara Johannesburg n'afọ 1920, ebe Johanna mechara malite ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ejiji. Cornelius rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
E jidere Cornelius ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ maka ọtụtụ ụlọ na 1932 mgbe ọ na-ekere òkè na ọgbaghara GWU. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ gwara ndị ọrụ okwu ma gbaa ha ume "ịkwado ụgwọ ọrụ na nnwere onwe". Okwu ya kwukwara banyere Great Trek na Anglo Boer War, na-esonyere "ịhụ mba n'anya na ọgụ nke ndị otu kama na ọgụ nke mba". Ọ gara Soviet Union dị ka otu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya ndị ọrụ na 1933. Njem ya n'ebe ahụ nyeere ya aka ịmụtakwu banyere ọchịchị Kọmunist na mmetụta nke ịha nhata. Mgbe o si na Soviet Union lọta, ọ ghọrọ onye nhazi oge niile maka GWU, na-arụ ọrụ site na isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na Germiston.
Cornelius rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche GWU site na 1935 ruo 1937 ma n'okpuru idu ndú ya, ndị otu ahụ meriri oge ọrụ dị ala ma mụbaa ụgwọ ọrụ maka ndị ọrụ. Cornelius rụrụ ọrụ iji tinye ndị si n'agbụrụ niile n'òtù ahụ ma chee na ịrụ ọrụ n'òtlọ ọrụ ahụ nyeere ya aka "ịgafe àgwà agbụrụ" nke oge gara aga. [1] Ya na Hester gakwara Cape Town na Febụwarị 1936 nyere alaka GWU aka n'ebe ahụ.
E boro Cornelius ebubo na 1938 na ọ bụ "onye na-akwado Sachs na maka iji oge ya niile na-ahazi ndị isi ojii". Otú ọ dị, o nwere ike ịlụso mgbalị ndị Afrikaner na-achọ ịchịkwa njikọ ahụ ọgụ. Ọ ghọrọ onye guzobere National Union of Cigarette and Tobacco Workers na 1938, mgbe e mesịrị duzie ọgbaghara izu abụọ na Rustenburg na Septemba 1940. Ọgbaghara ahụ na Rustenberg "na-ekpo ọkụ" na ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọgbaghara ahụ chere gas na mwakpo ndị uwe ojii ihu.
N'afọ 1943, ọ gbara ọsọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka onye otu Independent Labor Party. Mgbe a chụpụrụ Solly Sachs na South Africa na 1952, ọ weghaara GWU ma rụọ ọrụ ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.
Cornelius nwụrụ na June 21, 1974, na Johannesburg.
Madi Phala
Madi Phala (2 Febụwarị 1955 2 Machị 2007) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa. Ọrụ ya kachasị ọhụrụ bụ ihe osise, na collage ma na-ekwu maka isiokwu nke nwa okorobịa Africa na-azu ehi.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Phala na 2 Febụwarị 1955 na Kwa-Thema, Springs, South Africa. thumb|SS Mendi Memorial, Mahadum nke Cape Town A na-anọchite anya ọrụ Phala n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta nka nke onwe na nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, nke gụnyere French Embassy; De Beers, London, yana Minista Pallo Jordan na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Barbara Lindop. Ihe osise ya SS Mendi Memorial, nke na-echeta mmikpu nke ụgbọ agha <i id="mwHA">Mendi</i> na 1917, a họpụtara ya dị ka ebe nketa mba na 2016.
E gburu ya n'èzí ụlọ ya na Langa, Cape Town na 2 Machị 2007 n'oge izu ohi.
Esther Kolawole
thumb|Esther Kolawole
Esther Omolayo Kolawole (amụrụ na abalị anọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2002) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba mgba. Ọ na-anọchite anya Naijiria na asọmpi mba ụwa. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, o ritere ọla nchara na ihe omume ụmụ nwanyị nke 62 kilogram na 2022 Commonwealth Games nke emere na Birmingham, England.
Ọrụ
Kolawale ritere ihe nrite ọla edo na 2018 African Youth Games. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018, ọ ghọrọ onye mmeri ịgba mgba nke mba, merie ihe nrite ọla edo maka 55 kg freestyle na mmemmé egwuregwu mba Naijiria.
N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2018, ọ ritere ọla edo maka ihe omume cadet nke 61kg n'oge 2018 African Wrestling Championships.
N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2021, ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ wee merie otu n'ime ọla nchara n'egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị 57 kg freestyle na 2021 U23 World Wrestling Championships nke emere na Belgrade, Serbia.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Maddi Madd
Marlon Grimes, ónyé a maara nkè ọma site na aha egwu ya bụ Maddi Madd, bụ ónyé America na-eti egwu si Akron, Ohio. Ọ bịanyere aka na ndekọ ndekọ Bungalo Records na 1999 wee wepụta abọm mbụ ya, A Million Wayz n'otu afọ ahụ. Maddi esorowo ndị egwu dịka Rah Digga, C-Bo, Jodeci, Ginuwine, Bizzy Bone, Devante Swing, K-Ci & JoJo, Flo Rida, DJ Quik, Jamie Foxx na Outsidaz rụọ ọrụ. E nyela ya ònyìnyé platinum nke RIAA kwadoro màkà onyinye ya na Flo Rida's Whistle and Wild ones multiplatinum singles.
Ọrụ egwu
Maddi malitere ọrụ ya na Ohio. Onye isi oche Grown Man Records, Ivan Jones chọpụtara ya na 1998. O dèrè ọtụtụ n'ime ụdaolu nke HBO, Pimps Up, Ho's Down, nkè Brent Owens duziri.
N'afọ 1999, Maddi Madd so Grown Man Records rụọ ọrụ ma wepụta EP akpọrọ A Million Wayz nké rere ihe karịrị 100,000. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, a tọhapụrụ egwu mba ụwa mbụ ya Emotional / Ohio Thuggin n'okpuru ákàrà ndekọ 280 East Records.
Maddi Madd malitere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, Blimpcity records, na Chevaliee Robinson na 2002 wee bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta nkesa màkà Bungalo Records n'okpuru Universal Music Group Distribution na 2005.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Maejor
Brandon Green (amụrụ na Julaị 23, 1988), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha egwu ya bụ Maejor (nke bụbu Bei Maejor na mgbe e mesịrị Maejor Ali), bụ ónyé America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, ónyé na-agụ egwu, na ónyé na-ede egwu si Detroit, Michigan. Green edeela ma mepụta egwu maka ọtụtụ ndị omenkà a ma ama na ụlọ ọrụ egwu nke ukwuu Justin Bieberz ma bụrụ ọkara nke EDM duo Area21, n'akụkụ Dutch DJ Martin Garrix.
N'afọ 2013, Green bịanyere aka na Def Jam Recordings n'oge na-adịghị ányá, wee wepụta egwu egwu ahụ dị ka onye na-ese egwu, "Lolly", nke gosipụtara Juicy J na ónyé na-arụkọ ọrụ ogologo oge Justin Bieber. Abụ ahụ rutere n'ọkwa nke 19 na <i id="mwGw">Billboard</i> Hot 100. Tinyere imepụta egwu màkà mkpọsa mba gụnyere Pepsi na Boston Celtics, Maejor enwetala ihe nkiri maka Bratz: The Movie (2007), The Princess and the Frog (2009) na Think Like a Man (2012). O mepụtara egwu màkà egwuregwu vidio gụnyere NBA 2K na FIFA.
Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Maejor dị ka Brandon Green na July 23, 1988. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Michigan, Ann Arbor na 2008. Ozugbo ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kwagara Atlanta wee sonye na ndị otu mmepụta Ne-Yo bụ Compound Entertainment. Maejor wepụtara mixtape mbụ yá Upside Down, nke gosipụtara ngosipụta sitere na Keri Hilson, Trey Songz, Drake na T-Pain. O nyekwara ikike olu na mmepụta ya na remix nkè Ciara's "Ride", ya na André 3000 na Ludacris.
Maejor natara akara ọla edo mbụ ya maka mmepụta ya na album Trill nke Bun B nke afọ 2005, mgbè ọ ka na-aga Mahadum Michigan na Ann Arbor. N'afọ 2010, a họpụtara Maejor màkà Grammy Award, maka ọrụ ya na Trey Songz's album Passion, Pain & Pleasure, na ọzọ na 2011, màkà Monica's album Still Standing. N'afọ 2012, Maejor mepụtara egwu abụọ na abọm Justin Bieber Believe yana otu "Say Somethin" nke Austin Mahone. E ji otu egwu Maejor bụ "Lights Down Low" mee ihe dị ka ụda olu na NBA Playoffs maka Boston Celtics. O mepụtara mkpọsa mkpọsa mba màkà Pepsi na 2010 na 2013. Ya na Justin Bieber jikọrọ aka ọzọ na 2013, na-emepụta otu egwu ya "Heartbreaker". N'afọ 2013, Maejor weputara otu egwu akpọrọ "Lolly", nke gosipụtara Juicy J. "Lolry" nke ruru ọnụọgụ 19 na chaatị US <i id="mwVQ">Billboard</i> Hot 100. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta ma na-ede maka ndị na-ese ihe kachasị elu na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gụnyere egwu atọ na nhọpụta Grammy na album nké Justin Bieber bụ Purpose.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
W. Christopher Winter
William Christopher Winter (amụrụ na Disemba 27, 1972) bụ onye America na-eme nchọpụta n'ụra, onye na-ahụ maka akwara, onye edemede, na ikike gbasara ụra na arụmọrụ egwuregwu. Akụkọ 2010 na magazin Trail Runner kọwara Winter dị ka "onye ọkachamara na-eduga na mpaghara nke nsogbu ụra, na ndị na-eme egwuregwu na nsogbu ndị metụtara njem". A na-eto ya site n'ịmepụta okwu uru circadian mgbe ọ mụsịrị mmetụta nke njem na ndị otu Major League Baseball. Ọ mụrụ mmetụta nke oge ụra na-ahọrọ na arụmọrụ onye na-agba ọsọ na Major League Baseball, na arụmọrụ na-akụ. N'afọ 2013, nchọpụta ya jikọtara ụra nke onye ọkpụkpọ Major League Baseball na mbelata ogologo ndụ ọrụ. Ọrụ a dugara na nyocha banyere ụra dị ka ihe na-egosi uru NFL Draft nke a na-amụ ụra nke ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ 560 Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) na ihe ịga nke ọma ha.
Titia van der Tuuk
[[Usòrò:TitiavanderTuuk.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/TitiavanderTuuk.jpg/220px-TitiavanderTuuk.jpg|thumb|Van der Tuuk (n'aka ekpe) na onye mmekọ ya Rosa Roosegaarde Bisschop, ca. 1885 (Ndị na-ese foto, Arnhem)
W. Christopher Winter
Ruo ugbu a, ọ na-adụ ọtụtụ òtù ndị na-eme egwuregwu ọdụ, ọkachasị San Francisco Giants bụ ndị kwuru okwu n'ihu ọha banyere ọrụ ya na klọb ha na 2012 na 2014. E dekọrọ na ya na Oklahoma City Thunder, New York Rangers na Los Angeles Dodgers rụkọkwara ọrụ na nke ikpeazụ n'ime ugboro nke Akwụkwọ abụ ọma ahụ n'ebe nile site n'ime ụmụ a na-ezo aka na ọrụ Winter na ụra egwuregwu ka ọ bụrụ "Ngwá Agha Nzuzo Kasị Mma [na Egwuregwu]. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e jikọtara ọrụ Winter na Philadelphia Phillies na 2022 usoro ụwa. Oge oyi, nke a kọwara dị ka "onye na-ehi ụra" bụ nke Arianna Huffington zoro aka na ya ugboro ugboro n'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2016 Mgbanwe Ụra: Ịgbanwe Ndụ Gị, Otu abalị n'otu oge.
Titia van der Tuuk
]] Titia Klasina Elisabeth van der Tuuk (27 Nọvemba 1854 7 Mee 1939), nke a maara dịka Titia van der Tuik, bụ onye Dutch na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. A mụrụ ya na 't Zandt, Groningen na onye nkwusa na onye edemede akwụkwọ ụmụaka. Na mbụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi, mana ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya n'ihi ntị chiri na ibu iro n'ebe ọ nọ n'ihi na ọ bụ onye na-ekweghị na Chineke. Site n'afọ 1885 gaa n'ihu, ọ malitere ịsụgharị akwụkwọ mba ọzọ n'asụsụ Dutch (dịka Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace) ma dee akwụkwọ ụmụaka na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi n'ọrụ ya maka ikweghị na Chineke, ịṅụ mmanya, iri akwụkwọ nri na pacifism. Ọ na-ejikarị aha nzuzo Vitalis (adj. nke vita, nke pụtara ndụ na Latin). Ọ lụbeghị di ma ya na nwunye ya biri n'ihu ọha. Ọ nwụrụ na Zeist, afọ 84.
W. Christopher Winter
Akwụkwọ izizi nke Winter,Ngwọta Ụra: Ihe kpatara ụra ji agbaji na otu esi edozi ya,, bụ nke Penguin Random Ụlọ wepụtara na Eprel 4, 2017. Winter kwupụtara mbipụta na-abịanụ nke Akwụkwọ Nwa ahụ zuru ike: Ihe kpatara na nwa gị ike gwụrụ, nke nwere waya, ma ọ bụ iwe nwere ike nwee nsogbu ụra - yana otu esi enyere aka. Penguin Random House wepụtara akwụkwọ ahụn' August 17, 2021. Winter na-enwekwa podcast akpọrọ Ụra Unplugged.
Ihe Ngwọta Ụra
<references group="" responsive="1"> The Sleep Solution: Why Your Sleep Is Broken and How To Fix It bụ akwụkwọ sayensị banyere ụra nke dọkịta na-ahụ maka akwara W. Christopher Winter, onye ọkachamara na ụra na arụmọrụ.
E wepụtara akwụkwọ ahụ na Eprel 4, 2017, na nyocha dị mma. Nnyocha na Refinery 29 kwuru, "Akwụkwọ mbụ Dr. Winter, The Sleep Solution: Why Your Sleep Is Broken And How To Fix It, a na-eto ya dị ka "ngwọta" maka ehighị ụra. Ọ bụ ụzọ na-enweghị isi, nke na-ekwu okwu maka nsogbu ụra nke na-ezube ịgbanwe akụkọ gbasara ụra iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịchịkwa. Kirkus Reviews dere, "Akwụkwọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke nwere ike inyere ndị na-arịa ụra na-adịghị mma aka imeziwanye ogo izu ike ha site n'ịkọwa ihe gbara ụra dị mma ma nye usoro ziri ezi iji nweta ya. " Publishers Weekly dere, "Dị ka dọkịta na-ahụ maka ọrịa akwara na-ahụkarị n'ihe gbasara ụra, Winter nwere ezigbo asambodo iji kwado nkwa ya nye ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na ha ga-eji echiche ọhụrụ nke ihe ọ pụtara inwe ụra dị mma. " N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2018, NY Magazine kpọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ 7 kachasị elu maka ịghọta ụra na akwụkwọ kachasị mma maka ehighị ụra. Akwụkwọ ahụ nwetara akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa dị mma ma na Ireland ma na Netherlands
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alfred Vanderpol
Alfred Vanderpol (7 Eprel 1854 ruo ụbọchị 17 June 1915) bụ onye injinia French, onye ọrụ ebere na onye edemede bụ otu n'ime ndị isi nke òtù pacifist na France n'afọ ndị bu Agha Ụwa Mbụ (1914).
A mụrụ Alfred Marie Vanderpol na Tourcoing, Nord n'ụbọchị 7 Eprel 1854, nwa François Vanderpol nke Anna Knaepffler nke Phalsbourg. Ezinụlọ nna ya bụ ndị Flemish na nne ya si Alsace. O nwere nwanne nwanyị tọrọ ya na nwanne nwoke nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị obere. Mgbe ha biri na Le Havre ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị Vanderpols laghachiri Tourcoing, ebe a họpụtara nna ahụ n'ụbọchị 30 Disemba 1865, n'ọfịs omenala. Vanderpol gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Tourcoing. [1] N'oge Agha Franco-Prussian nke afọ 1870 ọ malitere inwe mmasị n'okwu agha na udo. [2] Ọ tụlere itinye akwụkwọ maka École Polytechnique, wee gaa ọmụmụ mgbakọ na mwepụ pụrụ iche na lycée dị na Lille. Na ndụmọdụ onye nkuzi ya, ọ banyere na École centrale des Arts et Manufactures na Lille, wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1876 na diplọma na injinia.
Savnt
thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ Savnt (ónyé amụrụ Stephan Marcellus; October 13, 1991) bụ ónyé America na-agụ egwú na ónyé na-ede egwu si Englewood, New Jersey.
Marcellus sonyere na ógè nké iri na atọ nke usoro telivishọn NBC The Voice. O mechara wepụta ọtụtụ egwu na mmekorita ya na ndị ọzọ na-edekọ egwu.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Redshift (software)
thumb|Redshift (software) Redshift bụ ngwá nke na-agbanwe okpomọkụ agba nke ngosipụta kọmputa dabere na oge nke ụbọchị. Ihe omume a bụ ngwanrọ n'efu, a na-ezube ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ibelata nsogbu anya yana ehighị ụra nke ọma (lee Sleep#Circadian clock na Phase response curve#Light).
Redshift na-agbanwe okpomọkụ nke ngosipụta kọmputa n'etiti okpomọkụ ehihie na abalị iji kwe ka anya onye ọrụ jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee. N'abalị, okpomọkụ na-acha ala ma na-abụkarị 3000-4000 K, nke kachasị mma kwekọọ ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie nakwa n'oge na okpomọkụ ọkụ nke ụlọ ahụ. Okpomọkụ na-acha n'ehihie bụ 5500-6500 K.
Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
Enwere ike iji redshift mee ihe iji setịpụ otu okpomọkụ na ìhè ("otu ọnọdụ") ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịgbanwe okpomọkụ ma na-enwu enwu n'ụzọ na-aga n'ihu iji soro ịdị elu nkè ikike asụsụ obodo ndị anyanwụ, n'ọnọdụ ahụ ọ ga-agafe na nhazi okpomọkụ abalị na nso mgbede. Enwere ike ịhazi ndị mmadụ n'ihe niile ụmụ gị okpomọkụ na ntụgharị maka ehihie na abalị.
Iji chọpụta ịdị elu nke anyanwụ, ngwanrọ ahụ chọrọ ọnọdụ onye ọrụ n'ụdị latitude na longitude.
Na sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux na BSD, Redshift na-akwado ọtụtụ monitors site na ndọtị X RandR (nke a họọrọ) ma ọ bụ VidMode, ma ọ bụ site na Direct Rendering Manager. N'ihi na enwere ike ịhazi Redshift iji otu mgbazi gamma na monitors niile ọ na-achịkwa, ọ na-adịkarị mma ịgba ọsọ otu ihe omume nke monitor ọ bụla.
Njikọ
Redshift nwere naanị interface iwu na mbụ, mana ugbu a nwere interface onye ọrụ eserese (GUIs) nke na-akwado ọtụtụ gburugburu desktọọpụ Linux. GUIs ndị ahụ gụnyere redshift-gtk, redshift -plasmoid, na nightshift.
redshift-gtk gụnyere na isi osisi Redshift. Na mgbakwunye na interface windo, ọ na-enye akara ngosi ọnọdụ nke nwere ike ime ka ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ Redshift ma ọ bụ gbanwee okpomọkụ agba ihuenyo na-akpaghị aka.
Enwere ike imeghe redshift site na iji ọdụ, panel launchers ma ọ bụ iwu mmalite: iwu 'redshift -O #TEMP' (# TEMP bụ nọmba site na 1000 ruo 25000) ga-etinye okpomọkụ na iwu 'redshft -x' ka ọ pụọ na Redshift.
Enwere ike ime edemede dị mfe ma kpọọ ya ka ọ setịpụ oge agba site na ụzọ mkpirisi ma ọ bụ panel launcher:
Ntụle
Ubuntu MATE na-enye Redshift arụnyere site na ndabara kemgbe a tọhapụrụ ha 17.10.
Linux Mint Cinnamon na-enye Redshift arụnyere site na ndabara kemgbe a tọhapụrụ ha 18.3.
Ntụaka
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Krista van Velzen
thumb|Krista van Velzen Krista van Velzen (Amụrụ n'ụbọchị 15 Septemba 1974) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Dutch. Site n'afọ 2002 ruo afọ 2010 ọ bụ onye otu Dutch House of Representatives maka Socialist Party.
A mụrụ Krista van Velzen na St. Nicolaasga na Friesland. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na IVN (Instituut voor Natuurbeschermingseducatie - Institute for Conservation Education). Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Newmancollege na Breda na usoro nkwadebe maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na nlekọta ọhịa na ihe onwunwe okike, o kpebiri ịrụ ọrụ ọzọ dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na Stichting Kollektief Rampenplan, otu nri na-eri nri nke na-akwado ihe omume na ihe omume na Europe niile site na isi nri maka ndị na-eme ihe.
Ebenside
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Koobi
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Koobi.jpeg/246px-Koobi.jpeg|thumb|246x246px|Koobi link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Koobi_in_wrapper.jpg/220px-Koobi_in_wrapper.jpg|thumb|koobi e kechiri ekpuchi Koobi bụ azụ a mịrị amị a' na-akpọ tilapia na Ghana. Azụ ahụ nwere ụtọ dị n'ime stews na ofe na nri dị ụtọ nke Ghana. A na-eji ya akwadebe nri Ghana dị ka fufu, ofe, abrika na stew na nri ndị ọzọ nke Ghana.
Nkwadebe
A na-edozi Koobi site na itinye tilapia ọhụrụ n'ime efere nwere nnu n'ime akpa azụ. Jiri nnu kpuchie azụ ahụ ruo ụbọchị 3. Mgbe ụbọchị 3 gasịrị, wepụ ya ma kpọọ ya n'anwụ ruo ụbọchị 5 ma ọ bụ ruo mgbe mmiri niile ga-agwụ.
Ebensidee
Cuisine ndị Africa
Jakow Trachtenberg
thumb|Jakow Trachtenberg Jakow Trachtenberg (Amụrụ n'ụbọchị 17 June 1888 ruo afọ 1953) bụ onye mgbakọ na mwepụ nke mepụtara usoro mgbakọ uche a na-akpọ usoro Trachtenberg.
A mụrụ ya na Odessa, na Alaeze Ukwu Russia (Ukraine taa). Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ kachasị elu na Mining Engineering Institute na St. Petersburg ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ dị ka injinia na ụlọ ọrụ ngwá agha Obukhov. Mgbe ọ ka nọ na mbido afọ iri abụọ, ọ ghọrọ Chief Engineer na ndị ikom 11,000 n'okpuru nlekọta ya. Gọọmentị Tsarist nyere ya ọrụ nke ilekọta nhazi nke ndị agha mmiri mepere emepe.
Njikọ nke African Democratic Socialist Parties
The League of African Democratic Socialist Parties, initially known as the Socialist Inter-African, is a union of democratic socialist political parties in the continent of Africa. It was set up to provide an international forum for moderate socialists in Africa, and proclaimed that "democratic socialism" was the only possible path to African development. It is affiliated to, but not a regional component of, the Socialist International.
Mkpebi ịtọlite ya bụ nke otu ndị African social democrats nke Léopold Sédar Senghor nke Senegal mere na nzukọ Geneva nke 1976 nke Socialist International. N'oge ahụ osote onye isi oche nke SI, e "nyefere" ya ọrụ nke ịmepụta otu mpaghara nke ga-enweghị ebubo nke njikọ ọ bụla na Moscow.
Socialist Inter-African nwere nzukọ mbụ ya na Tunis na Febụwarị 26-28, 1981. Ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iri na otu si n'ofe kọntinent ahụ bịara. Otu n'ime ndị guzobere ya bụ Sudanese Socialist Union nke Gaafar Nimeiry. Senghor enweghị ike ịdọta ndị Socialist niile nke kọntinent ahụ; ndị a ma ama gụnyere Zimbabwe na Namibia. Ndị nta akụkọ Soviet kwupụtara na njikọ nke òtù "bourgeois" dị ize ndụ ma na-achọ ohere, nakwa na "a haziri Socialist Inter-African na Western Europe ma mepụta ya na Dakar na Tunis".