cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Desmond Elliot
Ọchịchị
Elliot kwupụtara ebumnuche ya n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2014 ịzọ oche ụlọ omebe iwu nke Legọs steeti n'okpuru pati All Progressives Congress. Ọ zoro ma merie Surulere constituency n'ubochi nke iri na otu n;onwa Eprel n'afo  a turu vootu Naịjirịa n'2015. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, n'oge ngagharị iwe SARS, Desmond katọrọ maka ebubo ebubo ịkwado Anti-Soshal Media Bill na Naịjirịa; ebubo nke ọ gọnarịrị na mbụ mgbe akụkọ mbụ batara na soshal midia. N'ime vidiyo na -agagharị na ịntanetị niile, a hụrụ ya ka ọ na -akatọ ndị ọrụ soshal midia na ndị na -emetụta ya ma na -ekwu na ọ bụrụ na steeti Naịjirịa akwụsịghị soshal midia, soshal midia ga -ebibi steeti Naịjirịa. Ndị Naịjirịa ejighị okwu ya gwurie egwu na soshal midia nke mere na ọ bụ mpako pidgin a na -ewu ewu na Desmond Elliot cause am , nke pụtara na ọ bụ Desmond Elliot kpatara ya.
Otú ọ dị, ọ pụtara mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gasịrị ịrịọ mgbaghara. O kwuru na "m kwere ka mmetụta uche m dị mma karịa m ma maka nke a ana m arịọ mgbaghara nye onye ọ bụla nkwupụta m na mbụ nwere ike imerụ ahụ. Biko, ghọta na ọbụna ndị kachasị mma n'ime anyị na-emehie. Nke a bụ ihe mere, na-aga n'ihu, ana m arịọ anyị niile gbalịa itinye aka n'ụzọ na-ewuli elu na nsogbu ndị metụtara anyị niile. Ana m ekwe nkwa ime otu ihe ahụ. Ihe mgbu m na-enwe maka ndị otu m, oku maka enyemaka nke m na-aga n'ihu inweta, na mkpa ọ dị ibelata mbibi na ime ihe ike ga-aga n'ihu na-akwalite ihe m na-aru na ọrụ m. Ana m ekele unu niile maka ikwupụta echiche gị, n'ọdịnihu, ana m ekwe nkwa na m ga-enwekwu uche ma mara ihe. Anyị ga-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ka Naịjirịa ka mma"
Ndụ onwe onye
Elliot lụrụ nwanyị ma nwee ụmụ anọ. Ọ na -etinye aka na mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka Globacom.
Desmond Elliot soro nwunye ya, Victoria Elliot mee emume ncheta agbamakwụkwọ iri na ise ya na 26 Disemba n'afo 2018.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Boulaid
Boulaid bụ aha nna North Africa. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna a gụnyere:
Nnyocha nke Data Ụwa maka Nnyocha Gburugburu Ebe Obibi
Nnyocha nke Data Ụwa maka Nnyocha Gburugburu Ebe Obibi (MEDEA) bụ ọrụ na-esote Agha Nzuzo nke ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke United States iji mee ka ndekọ nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ na ikike màkà ọmụmụ sayensị nkè mgbanwe ihu igwe.
N'afọ 1992, site n'iwu nke Council on Foreign Relations na ónyé omeiwu Al Gore n'oge ahụ na ntụziaka nke onye isi nke Central Intelligence Robert Gates, e guzobere Environmental Task Force (ETF), nke bịara na 1993 ghọrọ MEDEA. Otu ìgwè nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nyochara ihe karịrị foto satellite akụkọ ihe méré eme narị puku asatọ na iri isii ma wepụ foto satellite ọhụrụ.
E mechiri mmemme ahụ na mmalite ọchịchị George W. Bush, maliteghachiri n'afọ 2010 n'okpuru ọchịchị Obama, wee mechie n'afọ 2015.
Ramatu Yaradua
Ramatu Yaradua bụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka Ministri itinye ego, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ na Niger State, Nigeria.
Rahmatu bụ onye obodo Enagi dị na ime obodo Edati nke dị na steeti Niger. Agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya malitere na Adrao International School, Lagos, wee gaa United Kingdom ebe ọ gara Ibstock Place School London. Ọ gụrụ International Relations na English na Mahadum nke Coventry ebe ọ nwetara BA na klas nke abụọ na elu.
Ọrụ
Ọ bụ kọmishọna nke gara aga na-ahụ maka azụmahịa, ụlọ ọrụ na itinye ego na steeti Niger.
Ndụ onwe onye
Dị ya bụ Alh Murtala Shehu Yar'Adua onye bu Minister nke dị Nche gara aga
Ebe nsị de
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Rwanda-Rundi
Rwanda-Rundi bụ otu asụsụ nke ndị Bantu, ọkachasị asụsụ na-aga n'ihu, nke a na-asụ na Central Afrịka. Asụsụ ndị agbata obi na-aghọta ibe ha, mana ndị dị anya nwere ike ọ gaghị adị. Asụsụ abụọ, Kirundi na Kinyarwanda, emeela ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ gọọmentị nke Burundi nakwa Rwanda. A na-asụkwa asụsụ ndị ọzọ na DR Congo (Kinyabwisha na North Kivu, Kinyamulenge na South Kivu), Uganda (Rufumbira nke Bafumbira na Kisoro District na-as), na Tanzania; Ha, nke nwere otu nde ndị na-asụrụ ya, bụ nke a na-asụgharịkarị.
Ntụnyere nke Kinyarwanda na Kirundi
Asụsụ abụọ ahụ bụ asụsụ ụda olu. Ụda dị elu na nke dị ala (ma ọ bụ H na L) bụ ụda dị mkpa ma, na-enwe ọdịiche dị iche na ogologo ụdaume, mgbe ụdaume dị ogologo gbanwere site na ụda dị ala gaa na ụda dị elu, a na-akara ya dị ka ụda na-arị elu ma mgbe ụdaume ogologo gbanwere si na ụda dị larịị gaa na ụda na-ada, a na ya dị ka olu na-ada. A na-egosikarị nke a na Kirundi n'ime Meeussen's Rule. E mekwara atụmatụ na ụda nwere ike ịgbanwe site na usoro metrical ma ọ bụ rhythmic.
Ihe odide
<references group="" responsive="1">
Ta’if
thumb Ta’if (الطائف aṭ-Ṭā’if) bu ama ukwu nor na ama Mecca ime obodo Saudi Arabia na élú úgwu di ka 1,879 m (6, 160 ft) di na ákụkụ ebe Ugwu Ukwu Sarawat (Al-Sarawat Mountains), dàrà. O nwèrè madu rúrú 521,273 (shi nke ogùgù madu 2004). Ogẹ anwu mgbe owulà ochíchí Saudi na puzí okpo fufu nke Riyadh, lá Ta'if. Ama ukwu'á bu etítí íkú úbi na ama níle ngạ ó nọr maka grape na mmanu añu o né wefụtá.
Òtù:Ama ukwu nor na Saudi Arabia
Alicia Abella
Akụkọ ndụ
O nwetara nzere bachelọ na mahadum New York yana MS, MPhil, na PhD na Mahadum Columbia. Ọ lụrụ Aleksandar Timcenko, onye ọkachamara ego nke ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na DE Shaw na Goldman Sachs.
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ site na Bell Labs, ebe ọ ga-erute onye isi nchịkwa nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nnyocha Ọrụ Innovative, ma mesịa jikwaa usoro nyocha Cloud Services. Na afọ 2010, akwụkwọ akụkọ azụmahịa Hispanic kpọrọ Abella otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ise kachasị elu n'afọ. N'afọ 2013, e nyere ya ihe nrite nke kacha mma na Mahadum Columbia. N'afọ 2011, a họpụtara ya na Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Onye isi ala na Ọkachamara Ọzụzụ maka Ndị Hispanik. O nwetala ihe nrite sitere na ogbako Women of Color STEM. Abella bụkwa onye Latinos na Science Sciences na Technology Association nyekwara ya onyinye Nduzi nke Afọ.
Na 2020, ọ sonyeere Google dị ka onye isi njikwa maka Telecom, ihie onyonyo na ihie egwuregwu Industry Solutions.
Ntụaka
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Grania Davis
thumb|Grania Davis Grania Eve Kaiman Davis (July 17, 1943, April 28, 2017) bụ onye edemede America na onye nchịkọta akụkọ akụkọ sayensị na akụkọ ifo na akụkọ mkpirikpi. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ mbụ nke ọrụ di mbụ ya, Avram Davidson, bipụtara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. Akụkọ ya dị mkpirikpi apụtala na magazin dị iche iche, anthologies, na nchịkọta "nke kachasị mma". A họpụtara The Boss in the Wall (1998, Tachyon Publications na Avram Davidson) maka onyinye Nebula na ngalaba Best Novella.
Amụrụ Davis Grania Eve Kaiman na Milwaukee, Wisconsin, ma too na Hollywood, California. Ọ lụrụ Avram Davidson na mbido afọ 1960 n'ụlọ ndị edemede ibe ya Damon Knight na Kate Wilhelm na Milford, Pennsylvania, ha wee mụọ nwa nwoke, Ethan, n'afọ 1962. Ha biri na New York City na Amecameca, Mexico, tupu ha agbasaa alụmdi na nwunye ha ma ha abụọ kwaga San Francisco. Ọ biri na San Rafael, California, ruo ọtụtụ afọ ya na di ya nke abụọ, Stephen L. Davis. Ọ nwụrụ n'ọnwa Eprel 28, 2017.
Boumal
Boumal bụ aha nna. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna a gụnyere:
Emo de Medeiros
Emo de Medeiros (a mụrụ ya n'afọ 1979) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Benin bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Paris, France na Cotonou, Benin.
Ọrụ ya na-enyocha isiokwu nke transculturalism, na-agbanwe njirimara, nnọchi anya post-colonial, na ijikọ ụwa ọnụ dị ka ngwakọta na mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọ na-ajụkwa mgbanwe nke kọntinent Afrịka n'ọnọdụ mgbanwe dijitalụ na ihe omume nke Pan-African 21st-century TransAfrica na mgbanwe n'etiti ọdịnala na nwelite ọhụrụ.
Ndabere na agụmakwụkwọ
Mgbe ọ nọrọ na nwata na afọ iri na ụma ya na Cotonou, Benin, ọ kwagara France ịga gụọ akwụkwọ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Ecole Normale Supérieure na Paris ebe ọ gụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, sociology na anthropology, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara n'ihu na ọzụzụ ya na Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts na Paris.
Mgbe ọ nọ na Beaux-arts, ọ malitere ilekwasị anya na nka dijitalụ: foto dijitalụ, eserese, ihe ngosi 3D, vidiyo dijitalụ na ngwaọrụ mmekọrịta, ma nyochaa kpọmkwem mmekọrịta dị n'etiti oge na ebe nchekwa site na echiche nke instensity (ike nke ozugbo), jikọtara ya na nnwale ya na omume egwu eletrik. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ nka, ọ duziri ihe onyonyo egwu na obere ihe nkiri mgbe ọ na-achụso ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ede egwu na onye na-emepụta egwu elektrọnik na Paris. Ọ kwagara Boston, ebe ọ gara klas na Massachusetts College of Art and Design, tupu ọ laghachi France ma mesịa gaa Benin.
Ọrụ
Ọrụ Emo de Medeiros na-agafe usoro dị iche iche, gụnyere foto, vidiyo, ákwà, eserese, arụmọrụ, na ihe ọkpụkpụ, ma na-enyocha isiokwu nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mmekọrịta ihe atụ, nke mmekọrịta na mmepeanya dijitalụ, nke agbụrụ na Panafricanism na ọnọdụ post-colonial. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-amakọta ya na afrofuturism.
Omume ya dabere na echiche nke ọnọdụ, nke akọwapụtara dị ka ịmepụta ihe ndị dabeere na njikọ dị n'etiti ọdịbendị, ihe, usoro echiche na omume sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche, oge, na ojiji. Karịsịa iberibe ya na-agwakọta ihe ndị metụtara nkà na ụzụ (dịka ngwaọrụ ejikọrọ) na ụdị sitere na nka Afrịka oge ochie, ọkachasị site na Benin, ma ọ bụ jikọta ụdị nka dị ka ntinye na arụmọrụ na-akpata dịka ọmụmaatụ n'echiche nke ntinye arụmọrụ nke ọha na eze na-anọchite anya ihe semantic n'onwe ya, dị ka Kaleta / Kaleta gosipụtara na Palais de Tokyo n'afọ 2014.
N'afọ 2015, o gosipụtara Pavillon du Bénin n'oge 56th Venice Biennale, ntinye nzuzo nke dị n'akụkụ Pavilion French na Giardini, isi ebe nke biennale. Akụkụ ahụ bụ nkọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị isi banyere enweghị onye na-ere ahịa na nzuzo nke Afrịka na ọrụ ndị e gosipụtara na biennale, n'agbanyeghị ọnụnọ ha a na-ahụ anya na obodo ndị na-eme njem nlegharị anya na Ịtali, banyere akụ na ụba na ike ihe atụ nke na-eme ka ọnụnọ nke ụlọ ndò mba nke mba Afrịka sie ike, na banyere esemokwu gbasara Pavilion Kenya ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ese ihe gosipụtara bụ ndị China.
E gosipụtala ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi naanị ya na otu na Benin, France, United Kingdom na South Africa. E gosikwara ya na Salon de Montrouge n'afọ 2013, na Palais de Tokyo na Paris na 2014, na Dakar Biennale na Arts na Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale n'afọ 2016.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ịdị ụkọ ọbara
thumb|AnemialFrote.jpg Idi uko obara (British English) bu obara na adighi mma nke bu na ike obara gbature nke na onweghi ike ibu ndu n'ihi na odi ala karia onuogugu ndu obara ma obu mgbatu na onu hemoglobinsI'mn The name is derived from ἀναιμία, meaning 'lack of blood', from ἀν-, 'not' and αἷμα , 'blood'. When  idi uko obara na eji nwayo abia, njirimara ya mgbe ufodu na abu vague,ihe dika ike ogwugwu, ume ngwu, anaghi eku ume nke oma, isi owuwa, ma wetue ike imeghari ahu. Mgbe idi uko obara di njo, njirimara ya na abu ogba ahara, odi ka I ga anwu, amaghi onwe, na oke apkiri ikpo nku. Idi uko obara ga aputariri ihe tupu mmadu ata ahu. Njirimara idi uko obara na abu otu osiso hemoglobin gbaturu.. Njirimara ya ozo nwere ike ibia na ihi ihe kpatara yaAdditional symptoms may occur depending on the underlying cause. Preoperative anemia can increase the risk of needing a blood transfusion following surgery. Anemia can be temporary or long term and can range from mild to severe.
Mgbaàmà nke ụkọ ọbara nwere ike ịbịa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ nwayọ. Na mbido enwere ike inwe ihe mgbaàmà ole na ole ma ọ bụ enweghị ya. Ọ bụrụ na ụkọ ọbara na-aga n'ihu nwayọ (na-adịghị ala ala), ahụ nwere ike ime mgbanwe ma kwụọ ụgwọ maka mgbanwe a. N'ọnọdụ a, ọ dịghị mgbaàmà nwere ike ịpụta ruo mgbe ụkọ ọbara siri ike. Mgbaàmà nwere ike ịgụnye ike ọgwụgwụ, adịghị ike, isi ọwụwa, isi ọnya, enweghị ike ịnabata mgbalị anụ ahụ, ume dị mkpụmkpụ, ihe isi ike itinye uche, obi na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ na-akụ ngwa ngwa, aka na ụkwụ oyi, enweghị ike ịnagide oyi, akpụkpọ ahụ na-acha odo odo, agụụ na-adịghị ike, mmerụ ahụ dị mfe na ọbara ọgbụ, na adịghị ike nke uru ahụ. Ọrịa ụkọ ọbara nke na-amalite ngwa ngwa, mgbe mgbe, nwere mgbaàmà siri ike karị, gụnyere, mmetụta dị ala, obi mgbu, ọsụsọ, oke akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, na mgbagwoju anya. Enwere ike inwe mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ dabere na ihe kpatara ya.
N'ọrịa ụkọ ọbara siri ike karị, ahụ nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka enweghị ikike ibu oxygen nke ọbara site n'ịbawanye mmepụta obi. Onye ahụ nwere ike ịnwe mgbaàmà ndị metụtara nke a, dị ka obi ịkụ aka, angina (ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa obi dịbu adị), nkwụsịtụ nke ụkwụ, na mgbaàmà nke nkụchi obi.
Mgbe a na-enyocha ya, ihe ịrịba ama ndị a na-egosipụta nwere ike ịgụnye ntụpọ (akpụkpọ ahụ na-acha odo odo, mucosa, conjunctiva na mbọ), mana nke a abụghị ihe ịrịbaanya a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Enwere ike ịhụ ụcha na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke sclera n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nke iron-deficiency anemia. Enwere ike inwe ihe ịrịba ama nke ihe kpatara ụkọ ọbara, dịka koilonychia (n'oge ụkọ iron), jaundice (mgbe ụkọ ọbara na-esite na mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie - na ụkọ ọbara ọbara), mmebi nke ụbụrụ (n'ụzọ dị ụkọ vitamin B12), nkwarụ ọkpụkpụ (nke a hụrụ na thalassemia major) ma ọ bụ ọnyá ụkwụ (nke a na-ahụ na ọrịa sickle-cell). Na oke ụkọ ọbara, enwere ike inwe ihe ịrịba ama nke hyperdynamic circulation: tachycardia (obi na-agba ọsọ), ịkụ aka, ntamu na-agafe, na hypertrophy ventricular nke obi (ịbawanye). Enwere ike inwe ihe ịrịba ama nke nkụchi obi. Pica, iri ihe ndị na-abụghị nri dịka ice, akwụkwọ, wax, ahịhịa, ntutu ma ọ bụ unyi, nwere ike ịbụ ihe mgbaàmà nke ụkọ iron; ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-emekarị na ndị nwere ọkwa hemoglobin dị mma. Anemia na-adịghị ala ala nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu omume n'ime ụmụaka dịka nsonaazụ kpọmkwem nke mmepe akwara na-adịghị mma n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ, yana mbelata arụmọrụ agụmakwụkwọ n'ime vana nọ n'afọ akwụkwọ. Ọrịa ụkwụ na-enweghị ntụsara ahụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ndị nwere ụkọ iron karịa n'etiti mmadụ n'ozuzu.
Mmepụta na-adịghị mma
A na-ahazi ụkọ ọbara nke na-abawanye na mbibi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie dị ka ụkọ ọbara ọbara ọbara. Ụdị ndị a na-egosipụtakarị jaundice, na ọkwa dị elu nke lactate dehydrogenase.
Mgbọrọgwụ nke okwu anemia na ischemia na-ezo aka n'echiche bụ isi nke "enweghị ọbara", mana anemia na ischemia abụghị otu ihe na okwu ahụike nke oge a. Okwu anemia eji naanị ya na-egosi mmetụta zuru oke site na ọbara nke dị oke ụkọ (dịka, ọbara na-efu) ma ọ bụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na ikike inye ikuku oxygen (n'ihi ụdị hemoglobin ma ọ bụ nsogbu erythrocyte ọ bụla). N'ụzọ dị iche, okwu ischemia na-ezo aka naanị na enweghị ọbara (mmiri na-adịghị mma). Ya mere, ischemia n'akụkụ ahụ nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta anemic dị n'ime anụ ahụ ndị ahụ.
Mmiri karịrị akarị
Mmiri karịrị akarị (hypervolemia) na-akpata mbelata nke hemoglobin na ụkọ ọbara:
Montana Kamenga
Montana Kamenga bụ onye mba Congo na-edekọ egwu, onye na-eti egwu, onye na-eti egwu na onye na-eme egwuregwu. N'otu oge, ọ bụ onye otu egwu Quartier Latin International, nke onye egwu Congo bụ Koffi Olomide guzobere ma duzie. Na mmepụta Inchallah, Kamenga bụ onye nke anọ na-abụ abụ ya, n'azụ Fally Ipupa, Bouro Mpela na Soleil Wanga, mana n'ihu Gibson Butukondolo na Deo Brando.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Idi Amin
Idi Amin Dada (m.1925 – 16 Ọgọọst 2003) bu ru ọtú oghu ishi áká íke na ishi obodo Uganda shi afọr 1971 rúrú 1979. Amin gàrà nséré ọtú agha ndi Britain, King's African Rifles (Égbẹ Afrikạ Eze), na 1946, ya mechá jírí ochíchì nke Odogwu na Ozízí Ọtú agha Uganda. O wèrè ochíchí na ogwu ndi ọtú agha nke Önwa mbu na afọr 1971, kúfù Milton Obote.
Ochíchí Amin nwekàrà ihe öjö mere ndi madu, na ochíchí nsọ, mmegbu ọtú madu, ogbúgbú nke adighị na íwú, ma ha síkwá, ma ha sikwaghị. Ogbúgbú kara madu otụ puku nári.
Òtù:Madu
Beatrice
Beatrice nwere ike iza kwa:
George McGovern
thumb|George McGovern McGovern tolitere na Mitchell, South Dakota, ebe ọ ghọrọ onye arụmụka ama ama. O wepụtara onwe ya maka ndị agha ikuku nke U.S. mgbe mba ahụ banyere na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Dịka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu nke nnwere onwe B-24, o si n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'Ịtali fefe njem 35 gafere Europe ndị Germany ji. Otu n'ime ihe nrite ndị ọ nwetara bụ Distinguished Flying Cross maka ịme ụgbọ elu ya mebiri emebi na mberede dị ize ndụ ma zọpụta ndị ọrụ ya. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum Dakota Wesleyan na Northwestern University, na-ejedebe na PhD, ma jee ozi dị ka prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. A họpụtara ya ịbụ Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya U.S. na 1956 wee họpụtakwa ya ọzọ na 1958. Mgbe ọ gbasasịrị nhọpụta maka ụlọ ọgbakọ omebe iwu U.S.                 bụ ọ bụ onye ga-eme nke ọma na 1962.
Dị ka onye omebe iwu, McGovern bụ ihe atụ nke liberalism America nke oge a. Ọ bịara bụrụ onye amara nke ọma maka mmegide nkwuwa okwu ya megide ntinye aka US na-eto eto na Agha Vietnam. O mere nhọpụta dị nkenke na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 1968 dịka nguzo maka onye e gburu Robert F. Kennedy. Kọmịshọna McGovern-Fraser sochirinụ gbanwere usoro nhọpụta onye isi ala, site n'ịba ụba nke caucuses na primaries yana ibelata mmetụta nke ndị nọ n'ime otu. Ndezigharị McGovern–Hatfield chọrọ ịkwụsị agha Vietnam site n'ụzọ ndị omebe iwu mana e meriri ya na 1970 na 1971. Mkpesa ogologo oge McGovern, mkpọsa onye isi ala nke 1972 nwetara mmeri n'inweta nhọpụta Democratic mana hapụrụ pati ahụ kewara n'echiche, na ọdịda dara ada. osote onye isi ala Thomas Eagleton mebiri ntụkwasị obi McGovern. Na ntuli aka izugbe McGovern meriri Richard Nixon n'otu n'ime oke ala n'ime akụkọ ntuli aka US. Ọ bụ ezie na a họpụtara ya na Senate na 1968 na 1974, McGovern meriri na nchọ ya maka okwu nke anọ na 1980.
McGovern attended Mitchell High School, where he was a solid but unspectacular member of the track team. A turning point came when his tenth-grade English teacher recommended him to the debate team, where he became quite active. His high-school debate coach, a history teacher who capitalized on McGovern's interest in that subject, proved to be a great influence in his life, and McGovern spent many hours honing his meticulous, if colorless, forensic style. McGovern and his debating partner won events in his area and gained renown in a state where debating was passionately followed by the general public. Debate changed McGovern's life, giving him a chance to explore ideas to their logical end, broadening his perspective, and instilling a sense of personal and social confidence. He graduated in 1940 in the top ten percent of his class.
After three months in Muskogee, McGovern went to Coffeyville Army Airfield in Kansas for a further three months of training on the BT‑13. Around April 1944, McGovern went on to advanced flying school at Pampa Army Airfield in Texas for twin-engine training on the AT‑17 and AT‑9. Throughout, Air Cadet McGovern showed skill as a pilot, with his exceptionally good depth perception aiding him. Eleanor McGovern followed him to these duty stations, and was present when he received his wings and was commissioned a second lieutenant.
Veronica Nnaji
Veronica Ogechi Nnaji (onye amuru n' ubochi iri n'onwa Jenuarị 1940) bu onye nọọsụ na onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. Na 1979 ọ bụ otu n'ime ìgwè mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị atọ ndị were oche ha na Ụlọ Nnọchiteanya.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Nnaji na Umuaka n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 1940, otu n'ime ụmụ asaa onye ọrụ ugbo bụ Therea Ezendu na onye na-azụ ahịa Mathias Ezendu mụrụ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Holy Rosary School n'etiti afọ 1948 na 1955, emesia ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ dịka onye nọọsụ na ụlọ ọgwụ Our Lady of Lourdes dị na Ihiala site n'afo 1956 ruo 1960. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ịdị ọcha na Aba ma gakwa Health Center dị na Nsukka, ọ tozuru oke dịka nọọsụ na 1963. O mechara rụọ ọrụ na Amaigbo Joint Hospital dị na Nkwerre n'etiti 1963 na 1965, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ụmụaka na-enweghị nne na nna na Okwelle ruo 1970. Ọ lụrụ di n'afọ 1965 ma mụọ ụmụ ise. N'afọ 1974, ọ ghọrọ onye nwe ụlọ ebe a na-amụ nwa.
Na nhoputa ndi omeiwu nke afo 1979, Nnaji bu onye Naijiria ndi otu pati Isu ma tinye ya n'ulo omebe iwu. N'akụkụ Abiola Babatope na Justina Eze, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụnwaanyị atọ mbụ a họpụtara na ụlọ omeiwu ka ha nọrọ n'oche ha (A họpụtara Esther Soyannwo n'afọ 1964 mana ọ nọghị oche ya). Ọ jere ozi na nzuko omeiwu ruo 1983.
Annerie Weber
Annerie Maria Magdalena Weber (amụrụ na 2 Julaị 1967) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu National Assembly of South Africa. Onye otu Democratic Alliance, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu na Mee 2019. Weber jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke DA's caucus na Nkangala District Municipality n'etiti afọ 2015 na 2019.
Agụmakwụkwọ
Weber nwetara BMus na BA Honours na Psychology na Mahadum North-West. O nwetara diplọma na mmekọrịta ụlọ ọrụ site na Vaal Triangle Campus nke mahadum. Site na Mahadum nke South Africa, o nwere diplọma agụmakwụkwọ dị elu. Weber nwetara asambodo nlekota na nyocha site na National School of Governance.
ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Weber jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi mpaghara nke Democratic Alliance na Mpumalanga site na 2012 ruo 2014. Site na 2015 ruo 2019, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke caucus nke pati ahụ na Nkangala District Municipality.
Na Machị 2018, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi oche mpaghara nke Democratic Alliance's Women Network.
Ọrụ omeiwu
Mgbe ntuli aka nke e mere na 8 Mee 2019, a họpụtara Weber ka ọ nọchite anya DA na ndị omeiwu. A ṅụrụ ya iyi dị ka onye otu National Assembly na 22 Mee 2019. Na 27 June 2019, ọ natara ọrụ kọmitii ya.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Naijiria
Nà Ọnwaàsatọ 1 nà afọ ǹkè 1960, ndị bèkeè tọhapụ rụalobodoah'a nọchìrì rùouafọ ǹke zuru  ọgụ àtọ United Kingdom wee bia na ala ebe ha bidoro kpowa Naijiria, nyeghachiri ndi Naijiria ala ha. Naijiria ugbua nweziri ngalaba ochichi okpuru obodo di 36, 36 states nakwa Isi Obodo- bu Federal Capital Territory- Abuja. Naijiria nweghachikwara ochichi a na akpo Demokrasi Democracy n'afo 1999, mgbe ndi Soja Military chigoro afo iri na isii. Site n'afo 1966 rue 1999 ndi soja ala Naijiria bu ndi na achi Naijiri (ma oburu na ewepu ochichi Shehu Shagari, nke na eteghi aka, nke akporosecond repiblic 1979-1983). Ndi Soja a na-eweghara ochichi n'ike. Ha chikwara site na coup d'etats/counter-coups site n'afo 1966-1979 na 1983-1998.
<!--
Akuko gbasara Naijiria
More than 2,000 years ago the Nok people in central Nigeria produced terracotta sculptures that have been discovered by archaeologists. In the northern part of the country, Kano and Katsina has recorded history which dates back to around AD 999. Hausa kingdoms and the Kanem-Bornu Empire prospered as trade posts between North and West Africa.
The Yoruba kingdoms of Ifẹ and Oyo in the western block of the country were founded about 700-900 and 1400 respectively. Yoruba mythology believes that Ile-Ife is the source of the human race and that it predates any other civilization. Ifẹ produced the terra cotta and bronze heads, the Ọyọ extended as far as modern Togo. Another prominent kingdom in south western Nigeria was the Kingdom of Benin whose power lasted between the 15th and 19th century. Their dominance reached as far as the well known city of Lagos which is also called "Eko" by the indigenes. thumb|left|170px|Two slightly differing Okpoho [[Manillas, an archaic form of Nigerian money.]] Newly independent Nigeria's government was a coalition of conservative parties: the Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), a party dominated by Northerners and those of the Islamic faith, and the Igbo and Christian dominated National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) led by Nnamdi Azikiwe, who became Nigeria's maiden Governor-General in 1960. Forming the opposition was the comparatively liberal Action Group (AG), which was largely dominated by Yorubas and led by Obafemi Awolowo.
An imbalance was created in the polity by the result of the 1961 plebiscite. Southern Cameroon opted to join the Republic of Cameroon while northern Cameroon chose to remain in Nigeria. The northern part of the country was now far larger than the southern part. The nation parted with its British legacy in 1963 by declaring itself a Federal Republic, with Azikiwe as the first president. When elections came about in 1965, the AG was outmaneuvered for control of Nigeria's Western Region by the Nigerian National Democratic Party, an amalgamation of conservative Yoruba elements backed heavily by the Federal Government amid dubious electoral circumstances. This left the Igbo NCNC to coalesce with the remnants of the AG in a weak progressive alliance. thumb|250px|right|Map of Nigeria
The violence against Igbos increased their desire for autonomy and protection from the military's wrath. By Mee 1967, the Eastern Region had declared itself an independent state called the Republic of Biafra under the leadership Lt Colonel Emeka Ojukwu in line with the wishes of the people. The Nigerian side attacked Biafra on 6 Julaị 1967 at Garkem signaling the beginning of the 30 month war that ended on Jenụwarị 1970. Following the war, Nigeria became to an extent even more mired in ethnic strife, as the defeated southeast was now conquered territory for the federal military regime, which changed heads of state twice as army officers staged a bloodless coup against Gowon and enthroned Murtala Mohammed; Olusegun Obansanjo succeeded the former after an assassination.
During the oil boom of the 1970s, Nigeria joined OPEC and billions of dollars generated by production in the oil-rich Niger Delta flowed into the coffers of the Nigerian state. However, increasing corruption and graft at all levels of government squandered most of these earnings. As oil revenues fueled the rise of federal subventions to states and precariously to individuals, the Federal Government soon became the center of political struggle and the center became the threshold of power in the country. As oil production and revenue rose, the Nigerian government created a dangerous situation as it became increasingly dependent on oil revenues and the international commodity markets for budgetary and economic concerns eschewing economic stability.
Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari. The Shagari government was viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society, so when the regime was overthrown by the military coup of Mohammadu Buhari shortly after the regime's fraudulent re-election in 1984, it was generally viewed as a positive development by most of the population. Buhari promised major reforms but his government fared little better than its predecessor, and his regime was overthrown by yet another military coup in 1985.
The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, promptly declared himself President and Commander in chief of the Armed Forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council and also set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He also inflamed religious tensions in the nation and particularly the south by enrolling Nigeria in the Organization of the Islamic Conference,
After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992. When free and fair elections were finally held on the 12th of Juun, 1993, Babangida declared that the results showing a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola null and void, sparking mass civilian violence in protest which effectively shut down the country for weeks and forced Babangida to keep his shaky promise to relinquish office to a civilian run government. Babangida's regime is adjudged to be at the apogee of corruption in the history of the nation as it was during his time that corruption became officially diluted in Nigeria. thumb|150px|right|[[Umaru Yar'Adua of the People's Democratic Party is the current president of Nigeria]]
Babangida's caretaker regime headed by Ernest Shonekan survived only until late 1993 when General Sani Abacha took power in another military coup. Abacha proved to be perhaps Nigeria's most brutal ruler and employed violence on a wide scale to suppress the continuing pandemic of civilian unrest. Abacha was not only brutal but very corrupt. While Babaginda encouraged his friends, family and himself to steal money, Abacha made corruption a family affair. Money had been found in various western European countries banks traced to him. He avoided coup plots by bribing army generals. Several hundred millions dollars in accounts traced to him were unearthed in 1999.
The regime of terror would come to an end in 1998 when the dictator was found dead amid dubious circumstances. Abacha's death finally yielded an opportunity for return to civilian rule and Nigeria elected Olusegun Obasanjo, a Yoruba and former military head of state, as the new president. Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as anything but free and fair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development at all levels. This is despite continuing calls for a Sovereign National Conference to discern the genuine will of the people, which the president has deftly sidestepped for eight years, as well as widespread disputes and ethnic violence over the oil producing land of the Niger Delta. While Obasanjo has shown willingness to fight corruption, he has been accused by others of the same.
Government and politics
Nigeria is a Federal Republic modeled after the United States, with executive power exercised by the president and with overtones of the Westminster System model in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature.
Ethnocentricism, tribalism, sectarianism (especially religious), and prebendalism have played a visible role in Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics and has spurned various attempts by tribalists to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Tribalism and Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups, the Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo, has fueled corruption and graft.
Due to the above issues, Nigeria's current political parties are declaredly pan-national and irreligious in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at present include the ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (54.5% and 53.7% respectively) and is led by the current President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; the opposition All Nigeria People's Party under the leadership of Muhammadu Buhari has 96 House seats and 27 in the Senate (27.4% and 27.9%). There are also about twenty other minor opposition parties registered. The outgoing president, Olusegun Obasanjo, acknowledged fraud and other electoral "lapses" but said the result reflected opinion polls. In a national television address he added that if Nigerians did not like the victory of his handpicked successor they would have an opportunity to vote again in four years.
Like in many other African societies, Prebendalism and extremely excessive corruption continue to constitute major challenges to Nigeria, as vote rigging and other means of coercion are practiced by all major parties in order to remain competitive. In 1983, it was adjudged by the policy institute at Kuru that only the 1959 and 1979 elections witnessed minimal rigging.
Law
There are four distinct systems of law in Nigeria: The country has a judicial branch, the highest court of which is the Supreme Court of Nigeria.
States and local government areas
Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government.
Nigeria has six cities with a population of over 1 million people (from largest to smallest: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Kaduna, Port Harcourt, and Benin City). Lagos is the largest city in sub-Saharan Africa, with a population of over 10 million in its urban area alone.
Foreign relations
Nigerian Parliament in Abuja|thumb|right|220px Upon gaining independence in 1960, Nigeria made the liberation and restoration of the dignity of Africa the centerpiece of its foreign policy and played a leading role in the fight against the apartheid regime in South Africa; Nigeria's foreign policy was soon tested in the 1970s after the country emerged united from its own civil war and quickly committed itself to the liberation struggles going on in the Southern Africa sub-region. Though Nigeria never sent an expeditionary force in that struggle, it offered more than rhetoric to the African National Congress (ANC) by taking a committed tough line with regard to the racist regime and their incursions in southern Africa, in addition to expediting large sums to aid anti-colonial struggles. Nigeria was also a founding member of the Organization for African Unity (now the African Union), and has tremendous influence in West Africa and Africa on the whole. Nigeria has additionally founded regional cooperative efforts in West Africa, functioning as standard-bearer for ECOWAS and ECOMOG, economic and military organizations respectively.
With this African-centred stance, Nigeria readily sent troops to the Congo at the behest of the United Nations shortly after independence (and has maintained membership since that time); Nigeria also supported several Pan African and pro-self government causes in the 1970s, including garnering support for Angola's MPLA, SWAPO in Namibia, and aiding anti-colonial struggles in Mozambique, and Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) military and economically.
Nigeria retains membership in the Non-Aligned Movement, and in late November 2006 organized an Africa-South America Summit in Abuja to promote what some attendees termed "South-South" linkages on a variety of fronts. Nigeria is also a member of the International Criminal Court, and the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was temporarily expelled in 1995 under the Abacha regime.
Nigeria has remained a key player in the international oil industry since the 1970s, and maintains membership in Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC which it joined in Julaị, 1971. Its status as a major petroleum producer figures prominently in its sometimes vicissitudinous international relations with both developed countries, notably the United States and more recently China and developing countries, notably Ghana, Jamaica and Kenya.
Millions of Nigerians have emigrated at times of economic hardship to Europe, North America and Australia among others. It is estimated that over a million Nigerians have emigrated to the United States and constitute the Nigerian American populace. Of such Diasporic communities include the "Egbe Omo Yoruba" society.
Military of Nigeria
thumb|290px|Nigerian troops
Taking advantage of its role of sub-Saharan Africa's most populated country, Nigeria has repositioned its military as an African peacekeeping force. Since 1995, the Nigerian military through ECOMOG mandates have been deployed as peacekeepers in Liberia (1997), Ivory Coast (1997-1999), Sierra Leone 1997-1999, and presently in Sudan's Darfur region under an African Union mandate.
Active duty personnel in the three Nigerian armed services total approximately 115,000. The Nigerian Army, the largest of the services, has about 99,000 personnel deployed in two mechanized infantry divisions, amour division, one composite division (airborne and amphibious), the Lagos Garrison Command (a division size unit), the Abuja-based Brigade of Guards and other regimental size units (e.g. artillery brigade). It has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain battalions in support of peacekeeping operations in Liberia, former Yugoslavia, Angola, Rwanda, Somalia, and Sierra Leone. The Nigerian Navy (7,000 members) is equipped with frigates, fast attack craft, corvettes, and coastal patrol boats. The Nigerian Air Force (9,000 members) flies transport, trainer, helicopter, and fighter aircraft, many of which are currently non-operational, but there is an ongoing policy of reorganization, and the provision of a very professional armed forces with high capability. Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic training and military production capabilities.
Nigeria has continued a strict policy of diversification in military procurement from various countries. After the imposition of sanctions by many Western nations, Nigeria turned to the People's Republic of China, Russia, North Korea, and India for the purchase of military equipment and training.
Geography
thumb|Map of [[vegetation in Nigeria]]
Nigeria is located in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea and has a total area of 923,768 km² (356,669 mi²), making it the world's 32nd-largest country (after Tanzania). It is comparable in size to Venezuela, and is about twice the size of California. It shares a 4047 km (2515-mile) border with Benin (773 km), Niger (1497 km), Chad (87 km), Cameroon (1690 km), and has a coastline of at least 853 km..
The highest point in Nigeria is Chappal Waddi at 2,419 m (7,936 feet).
Nigeria has a varied landscape. From the Obudu Hills in the southeast through the beaches in the south, the rainforest, the Lagos estuary and savanna in the middle and southwest of the country and the Sahel and the encroaching Sahara in the extreme north.
Nigeria's main rivers are the Niger and the Benue which converge and empty into the Niger Delta, the world's largest river deltas.
Nigeria is also an important center for biodiversity. It is widely believed that the areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies. The drill monkey is only found in the wild in Southeast Nigeria and neighboring Cameroon.
Environmental degradation
Waste management including sewage treatment, the linked processes of deforestation and soil degradation, and climate change or global warming are the major environmental problems in Nigeria.
In terms of global warming, Africans contribute only about one metric ton of carbon dioxide per person per year. It it perceived by many climate change experts that food production and security in the northern sahel region of the country will suffer as semi-arid ares will have further more dry periods in the future.
Economy
Years of military rule, corruption, and mismanagement have hampered economic activity and output in Nigeria and continue to do so, despite the restoration of democracy and subsequent economic reform. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit and the World Bank, Nigerian GDP at purchasing power parity was only at $170.7 billion as of FY 2005. The GDP per head is at $692.
Mineral resources that are present in Nigeria but not yet fully exploited are coal and tin. Other natural resources in the country include iron ore, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, and arable land. Despite huge deposits of these natural resources, the mining industry in Nigeria is almost non-existent. About 60% of Nigerians are employed in the agricultural sector. Agriculture used to be the principal foreign exchange earner of Nigeria. Perhaps, one of the most daunting ramifications of the discovery of oil was the decline of agricultural sector. So tragic was this neglect that Nigeria, which in the 1960s grew 98% of his own food and was a net food exporter, now must import much of the same cash crops it was formerly famous for as the biggest exporter. Agricultural products include groundnuts, palm oil, cocoa, coconut, citrus fruits, maize, pearl millet, cassava, yams and sugar cane. It also has a booming leather and textile industry, with industries located in Kano, Abeokuta, Onitsha, and Lagos.
Like many Third World nations, Nigeria has accumulated a significant foreign debt. Many of the projects financed by these debts were inefficient, bedevilled by corruption or failed to live up to expectations. Nigeria defaulted on its debt as arrears and penalty interest accumulated and increased the size of the debt. However, after a long campaign by the Nigeria authorities, in Ọktoba 2005 Nigeria and its Paris Club creditors reached an agreement that will see Nigeria's debt reduced by approximately 60%. Nigeria will use part of its oil windfall to pay the residual 40%. This deal will free up at least $1.15 billion annually for poverty reduction programmes. As of Eprel 2006, Nigeria became the first African Country to fully pay off her debt (estimated $30billion) owed to the Paris Club.
Nigeria also has significant production and manufacturing facilities such as factories for Peugeot the French car marker, Bedford the English truck manufacturer, now a subsidiary of General Motors, and also manufactures t-shirts and processed food.
Demographics
thumb|Population density in Nigeria
According to the United Nations, Nigeria has been undergoing explosive population growth and one of the highest growth and fertility rates in the world. By their projections, Nigeria will be one of the countries in the world that will account for most of the world's total population increase by 2050. According to current data, one out of every four Africans are Nigerian. Presently, Nigeria is the ninth most populous country in the world, and even conservative estimates conclude that more than 20% of the world's black population lives in Nigeria. 2006 estimates claim 42.3% of the population is between 0-14 years of age, while 54.6% is between 15-65; the birth rate is significantly higher than the death rate, at 40.4 and 16.9 per 1000 people respectively.
Health, health care, and general living conditions in Nigeria are poor. Life expectancy is 47 years (average male/female) and just over half the population has access to potable water and appropriate sanitation; the percentage is of children under five has gone up rather than down between 1990 and 2003 and infant mortality is 97.1 deaths per 1000 live births. HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits. Nigeria, like many developing countries, also suffers from a polio crisis as well as periodic outbreaks of cholera, malaria, and sleeping sickness. As of 2004, there has been a vaccination drive, spearheaded by the W.H.O., to combat polio and malaria that has been met with controversy in some regions.
Education is also in a state of neglect, though after the oil boom on the oil price in the early 1970s, tertiary education was improved so it would reach every subregion of Nigeria. Education is provided free by the government, but the attendance rate for secondary education is only 29% (average male 32%/female 27%). The education system has been described as "dysfunctional" largely due to decaying institutional infrastructure. 68% of the population is literate, and the rate for men (75.7%) is higher than that for women (60.6%).
Ethno-linguistic groups
thumb|[[Ethno-linguistic map of Nigeria]]
Nigeria has more than 250 ethnic groups, with varying languages and customs, creating a country of rich ethnic diversity. The largest ethnic groups are the Yoruba, Fulani, Hausa, Igbo, accounting for 68% of population, while the Edo, Ijaw (10%), Kanuri, Ibibio, Nupe and Tiv comprise 27%; other minorities make up the remaining 7 percent. The middle belt of Nigeria is known for its diversity of ethnic groups, including the Pyem, Goemai, and Kofyar.
There are small minorities of English, Americans, East Indians, Chinese, Japanese, Syrian, Lebanese and refugees and immigrants from other West African or East African nations. These minorities mostly reside in major cities such as Lagos and Abuja, or in the Niger Delta as employees for the major oil companies. A number of Cubans settled Nigeria as political refugees following the Cuban Revolution. A number of them include Afro-Cubans and mixed-raced Cubans.
In the middle of the nineteenth century, a number of ex-slaves of Afro-Cuban and Afro-Brazilian descent and emigrants from Sierra Leone established communities in Lagos, Ibadan and other regions of Nigeria. Many ex-slaves came to Nigeria following the emancipation of slaves in Latin America. Many of the immigrants, sometimes called Saros (immigrants from Sierra Leone) and Amaro (ex-slaves from Brazil) later became prominent merchants and missionaries in Lagos and Abeokuta.
Language
The number of languages currently estimated and catalogued in Nigeria is 521. This number includes 510 living languages, two second languages without native speakers and 9 extinct languages. In some areas of Nigeria, ethnic groups speak more than one language. The official language of Nigeria, English, was chosen to facilitate the cultural and linguistic unity of the country. The choice of English as the official language was partially related to the fact that a part of Nigerian population spoke English as a result of British colonization that ended in 1960.
The major languages spoken in Nigeria represent three major families of African languages - the majority are Niger-Congo languages, such as Yoruba, Igbo, the Hausa language is Afro-Asiatic; and Kanuri, spoken in the northeast, primarily Borno State, is a member of the Nilo-Saharan family. Even though most ethnic groups prefer to communicate in their own languages, English, being the official language, is widely used for education, business transactions and for official purposes. English as a first language, however, remains an exclusive preserve of a small minority of the country's urban elite, and is not spoken at all in some rural areas. With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain tribal languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardized languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Hausa is a lingua franca throughout much of West Africa, and serves this function in Northern Nigeria as well, particularly amongst the Muslim population. Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Brokan' (Broken English), is also as a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang. The Yoruba language has the most varied forms and dialects. This variation is usualy based on the different towns or as it were Kingdoms that existed before the advent of Europeans. They are as diverse as the number of city states that there are. Examples are Awori, Ondo/Ekiti, Egba/Yewa, Oyo/Ibadan, Ijebu, Ijesa/Ife.