cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ihe mkpofu eletrọniki
Usoro nhazi
Ọla kọpa, ọla edo, palladium, ọlaọcha na gbamgbam bụ ọla bara uru a na-eresị ndị na-akpụ ihe maka imegharị ihe. A na-ejide anwụrụ ọkụ na gas dị ize ndụ, tinye ya ma gwọọ ya iji belata ihe iyi egwu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụzọ ndị a na-enye ohere maka ịweghachi ihe niile bara uru ihe eji arụ ọrụ kọmputa. Onye njikwa ihe nrụpụta ngwaahịa Hewlett-Packard Renee St. Denis na-akọwa usoro ya dị ka: “Anyị na-ebugharị ha site na nnukwu shredders dị ihe dị ka mita 30 n'ogologo na ọ na-akụrisị ihe niile n'ime iberibe ihe ruru otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ. nnukwu, ọ siri ike iwepụ data ahụ." Osisi eletrọnịkị dị mma na-emegharị ihe mkpofu na-ejikọta mkpochapụ maka mgbake akụrụngwa yana nhazi ọnụ ahịa bara uru nke nnukwu mkpofu eletrọnịkị. Ejigharị ya bụ nhọrọ ọzọ maka imegharị ihe n'ihi na ọ na-agbatị ndụ ngwaọrụ. Ngwa ka na-achọ imegharị ihe emechaa, mana site n'ikwe ka ndị ọzọ zụta ngwa eletrọnịkị eji eme ihe, enwere ike yigharịrị imegharị ihe wee nweta uru site na iji ngwaọrụ.
Uru nke imegharị ihe
Ịmegharị akụrụngwa sitere na ngwa eletrọnịkị oge ndụ bụ ihe ngwọta kachasị dị irè maka nsogbu e-ifufu na-eto eto. Ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị nwere ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere ọla ndị enwere ike nwetaghachi maka ojiji n'ọdịnihu. Site n'ịkwasa na inye ohere ijikwa ya eme ihe, a na-echekwa akụ ndị sitere n'okike na-emebibeghị ma na-ezere mmetọ ikuku na mmiri nke na-ebute ihe egwu. Na mgbakwunye, imegharị ihe na-ebelata oke ikuku ikuku griin haus na-akpata site n'ichepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ. Uru ọzọ nke imegharị ihe e-ifufe bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe nwere ike ịmegharị ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ. Ihe ndị nwere ike ịmegharịgharị gụnyere "ferrous (nke dabeere na ígwè) na ọla ndị na-abụghị ígwè, iko, na ụdị plastik dị iche iche." "Ọla ndị na-abụghị igwe, ọkachasị aluminom na ọla kọpa nwere ike ịgbaze ma rụkwaa ya ọzọ. Enwere ike ijikwa ọla ndị dị ka ígwè na ígwè." N'ihi mmụba na-ewu ewu na nso nso a na mbipụta 3D, emebere ụfọdụ ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ 3D (FDM dị iche iche) iji mepụta ihe mkpofu nke enwere ike ịmegharị ngwa ngwa nke na-ebelata oke mmetọ na-emerụ ahụ na ikuku. Enwere ike iji plastik ngafe sitere na ngwa nbipute ndị a na-apụta dị ka ngwaahịa sitere na ya iji mepụta ihe okike ọhụrụ 3D.
A na-agbatịkwu uru nke imegharị ihe mgbe ejiri ụzọ eji emegharị ihe. Na U.S., ọrụ imegharị ihe na-achọ ibelata ihe egwu dị n'ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe igwe eletrọnịkị tụfuru ma kwatuo nwere ike ịmepụta. Ịmegharị ihe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-eme ka usoro nchịkwa kachasị mma nke ngwá electronic na-emegharị, ahụike na nchekwa ndị ọrụ, na nlebara anya maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara na mba ọzọ. Na Europe, a na-eweghachi ọla ndị a rụgharịrị arụgharị n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị sitere na obere ọnụ ahịa. Site na usoro eji emegharị ihe, a kwalila ndị na-emepụta ihe na Japan ime ka ngwaahịa ha dịgidere. Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka imegharị ngwaahịa nke ha, nke a nyere ndị nrụpụta ọrụ chọrọ ka ọtụtụ ndị rụgharịa akụrụngwa ha. N'ihi ya, ndị na-emepụta ihe na Japan nwere nhọrọ agbakwunyere iji ree ọla ndị a na-emegharịgharị.
Ijikwa e-ifufe na-ezighi ezi na-ebute mfu dị ukwuu nke ụkọ akụrụngwa bara uru, dị ka ọla edo, platinum, cobalt na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa. Ihe ruru 7% nke ọla edo ụwa nwere ike ịdị ugbu a na e-waste, yana ọla edo 100 karịa n'otu tọn e-ifufe karịa otu tọn ọla edo.
Nrụzi dị ka usoro mbelata ihe mkpofu
Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche isi kwụsị ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi na-esite na mwegharị ihe mkpofu eletrọnịkị. Otu n'ime ihe na-eme ka nsogbu e-waste ka njọ bụ mbelata ndụ nke ọtụtụ ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị. Enwere ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala abụọ (karịsịa) maka omume a. N'otu aka ahụ, ọchịchọ ndị ahịa maka ngwaahịa dị ọnụ ala na-emegide ịdịmma ngwaahịa ma na-ebute ndụ ngwaahịa dị mkpụmkpụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị na-emepụta ihe na mpaghara ụfọdụ na-akwado usoro nkwalite oge niile, ma nwee ike manye ya n'agbanyeghị na amachibidoro nnweta akụkụ ahụ mapụtara, akwụkwọ ntuziaka ọrụ na mmelite ngwanrọ, ma ọ bụ site n'oge akwadoro.
Ikike imezi ihe bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ebute ụzọ na US site n'aka ndị ọrụ ugbo enweghị afọ ojuju maka enweghị ozi ọrụ, ngwa ọrụ pụrụ iche na akụkụ mapụtara maka igwe ọgbara ọhụrụ ha. Mana mmegharị ahụ gafere ngwa ọrụ ugbo, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nhọrọ nrụzi mmachi nke Apple nyere na-abata maka nkatọ. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-enwekarị nchegbu nchekwa nke sitere na nrụzi na mgbanwe na-akwadoghị.
Ụzọ dị mfe iji belata akara ụkwụ eletrọnịkị bụ ire ma ọ bụ inye onyinye eletrọnịkị ngwa kama ịtụfu ya. Ihe mkpofu e-ekpofu na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na-aghọwanye ihe ize ndụ, karịsịa ka oke ụda e-waste na-abawanye. N'ihi nke a, nnukwu ụdị dị ka Apple, Samsung, na ndị ọzọ amalitela inye ndị ahịa nhọrọ iji megharịa ngwá electronic ochie. Imegharị ihe na-enye ohere ka ejigharịa akụkụ eletrọnịkị dị oke ọnụ n'ime. Nke a nwere ike ịchekwa ike dị ukwuu ma belata mkpa nke igwupụta akụrụngwa agbakwunyere, ma ọ bụ imepụta ihe ọhụrụ. Enwere ike ịhụ mmemme imegharị eletrọnịkị n'ime mpaghara n'ọtụtụ ebe yana nchọta ịntanetị dị mfe; ọmụmaatụ, site na ịchọ "recycle electronics" yana obodo ma ọ bụ aha mpaghara.
Ọrụ igwe ojii egosila na ọ bara uru na ịchekwa data, nke a na-enweta ya site na ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa na-enweghị mkpa iburu ngwaọrụ nchekwa. Nchekwa igwe ojii na-enyekwa ohere maka nchekwa buru ibu, na ọnụ ala dị ala. Nke a na-enye ịdị mma, ebe ọ na-ebelata mkpa maka nrụpụta ngwaọrụ nchekwa ọhụrụ, si otú a na-egbochi ọnụọgụ e-waste.
Nchịkọta ihe mkpofu eletrọniki
Ahịa ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaahịa eletrik dị iche iche. Iji kewaa ngwaahịa ndị a, ọ dị mkpa ịkekọta ha n'ime ụdị ezi uche na nke bara uru. Nhazi nke ngwaahịa nwere ike inye aka chọpụta usoro a ga-eji maka mkpofu ngwaahịa. Ime nkewa, n'ozuzu, na-enyere aka ịkọwa e-n'efu. Nkewa akọwapụtabeghị nkọwa pụrụ iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ mgbe ha anaghị etinye ihe iyi egwu na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'aka nke ọzọ, nkewa ekwesịghị ịchịkọta nke ukwuu n'ihi mba dị iche iche na nkọwa. Sistemu UNU-KEYs na-esochi koodu nkwekọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ (HS). Ọ bụ nhọpụta mba ụwa nke bụ usoro agbakwunyere iji nye ohere ịhazi ihe ndabere maka ebumnuche omenala.
Ihe mkpofu eletrọniki
thumb|Ọtụtụ nha nke bọtịnụ na mkpụrụ ego mkpụrụ ego na batrị 2 9v dị ka ntụnyere nha. A na-emegharị ha niile n'ọtụtụ mba ebe ọ bụ na ha na-enwekarị ọta, mercury na cadmium. Enwere ike iji ihe ụfọdụ kọmpụta mee ihe n'ịchịkọta ngwaahịa kọmputa ọhụrụ, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ebelata ka ọ bụrụ ọla nke enwere ike ijikwa ya na ngwa ndị dị iche iche dị ka ihe owuwu, ngwa ngwa, na ihe ịchọ mma. Ihe ndị a na-achọta n'ọtụtụ buru ibu gụnyere epoxy resins, fiberglass, PCBs, PVC (polyvinyl chlorides), plastik thermosetting, lead, tin, copper, silicon, beryllium, carbon, iron, na aluminum. Ihe ndị a na-achọta na obere ego gụnyere cadmium, mercury, na thallium. Ihe ndị a na-achọta na ọnụọgụ gụnyere americium, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, boron, cobalt, europium, gallium, germanium, gold, indium, lithium, manganese, nickel, niobium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, ọlaọcha. Tantalum, terbium, thorium, titanium, vanadium, na yttrium. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwá electronic niile nwere lead na tin (dị ka ihe na-ere) na ọla kọpa (dị ka waya na egwu sekit bọọdụ e biri ebi), n'agbanyeghị na ojiji nke enweghị ndu na-agbasa ngwa ngwa. Ndị a bụ ngwa nkịtị:
Dị ize ndụ
thumb|Ndị na-emegharị ihe n'okporo ámá dị na São Paulo, Brazil na kọmputa ochie
N'ozuzu ya, ọ bụghị ihe ize ndụ
thumb|iMac G4 nke e weghachiri n'ime oriọna (nke e sere na Mac Classic na Motorola MicroTAC).
Ndị bi nso ebe a na-emegharị ihe
Ndị bi na gburugburu ebe a na-emegharị ihe e-ifufe, ọ bụrụgodị na ha etinyeghị aka n'ọrụ imegharị ihe e-ifufe, nwekwara ike iche ihu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi nri, mmiri, na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke e-waste kpatara, n'ihi na ha nwere ike ịkpọtụrụ ngwa ngwa. iji e-emebi ikuku, mmiri, ala, uzuzu na isi nri. Na mkpokọta, enwere ụzọ mkpughe atọ bụ isi: ikuku ume, ingestion, na kọntaktị anụ ahụ.
Nnyocha na-egosi na ndị mmadụ bi na gburugburu ebe a na-emegharị ihe e-ifufe nwere oke ọla dị arọ kwa ụbọchị yana ibu ahụ dị njọ karị. Ihe ize ndụ ahụike nwere ike ịgụnye ahụike uche, arụrụ ọrụ ọgụgụ isi, na mmebi ahụike anụ ahụ n'ozuzu ya. ndị bi na mpaghara njikwa. Nkwụsị DNA nwere ike ịbawanye ohere nke ngbanwe na-ezighi ezi wee si otú a na-eme mgbanwe, yana bute ọrịa kansa ma ọ bụrụ na mmebi ahụ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe na-egbochi akpụ.
Mmetụta tupu amụọ nwa na ahụike ụmụ ọhụrụ
Ikpughe n'afọ ime na e-ifufe achọpụtala na ọ nwere mmetụta dị njọ na ibu ahụ mmadụ nke mmetọ nke ụmụ ọhụrụ. Na Guiyu, otu n'ime ebe a na-emegharị ihe mkpofu na China, achọpụtara na mmụba ụdọ ọbara nke ụmụ ọhụrụ na-esonye na ntinye aka nke ndị nne na nna na usoro imegharị ihe mkpofu, yana ogologo oge ndị nne nọrọ na ya. Guiyu na n'ụlọ ọrụ na-emegharị ihe e-ifufe ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ n'oge ime ime. E wezụga nke ahụ, a chọtara metallothionein placental dị elu (obere protein nke na-egosi ikpughe ọla ndị na-egbu egbu) n'etiti ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ sitere na Guiyu n'ihi mkpughe Cd, ebe ọkwa Cd dị elu na ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ Guiyu metụtara itinye aka na imegharị ihe mkpofu nke ha. nne na nna. Mkpughe PFOA dị elu nke ndị nne na Guiyu metụtara mmetụta ọjọọ na uto nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ na ikike dị na mpaghara a.
Mkpughe nke ime nwa na imegharị ihe e-waste n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya nwekwara ike iduga n'ọtụtụ nsogbu ọmụmụ (ịmụ nwa, obere arọ ọmụmụ, obere Apgar, wdg) na mmetụta dị ogologo oge dịka nsogbu omume na mmụta nke ụmụ ọhụrụ na ndụ ha n'ọdịnihu.
Ụmụaka
Ụmụaka na-enwe mmetụta karịsịa maka ikpughe ihe mkpofu elektronik n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya, dị ka obere nha ha, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke metabolism dị elu, ebe elu ka ukwuu n'ihe metụtara ibu ha, na ọtụtụ ụzọ mkpughe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, dermal, aka na-ọnụ, na ọnụ). were-n'ụlọ ikpughe). A tụrụ ha ka ha nwere ihe ize ndụ ahụike oge 8 ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị okenye na-arụgharị ihe mkpofu e-waste. Nnyocha achọpụtala ọkwa dị elu ọbara dị elu (BLL) na ọkwa cadmium ọbara (BCL) nke ụmụaka bi na ebe a na-emegharị ihe e-ifufe ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị bi na mpaghara nchịkwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu nnyocha chọpụtara na nkezi BLL na Guiyu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro 1.5 ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke dị na saịtị nchịkwa (15.3 ug/dL tụnyere 9.9 ug/dL), ebe CDC nke United States ewepụtala ọkwa ntụaka maka ọbara. na-edu na 5 ug/dL. Achọtara ntụ ọka kacha elu n'ime ụmụaka ndị nne na nna nke ogbako ha gbasara bọọdụ sekit na nke kacha ala so na ndị megharịrị rọba.
Ikpughe na e-ifufe nwere ike ịkpatara ụmụaka nsogbu ahụike siri ike. Ikpughe ụmụaka na neurotoxins mmepe nke nwere na e-ifufe dị ka lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, nickel na PBDE nwere ike iduga n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke ala IQ, arụ ọrụ ụbụrụ na-adịghị mma, ikpughe na carcinogens mmadụ mara na mmetụta ọjọọ ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ ụfọdụ, achọpụtala ọrụ ngụgụ na-ebelata nke ụmụaka n'ebe a na-emegharị ihe mkpofu. Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ chọpụtakwara mkpakọrịta dị n'etiti mkpughe e-ifu ụmụaka na enweghị coagulation, ụkọ ịnụ ihe, na mbelata ọgwụ mgbochi mgbochi ọrịa na mpaghara e-n'efu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikpughe nickel n'ime ụmụ nwoke ndị gbara afọ 8-9 n'ebe a na-ekpofu ihe e-e-na-eduga n'ịbelata ikike dị mkpa nke mmanye, mbelata na ọrụ catalase na mmụba dị ukwuu na ihe omume superoxide dismutase na ọkwa malondialdehyde.
Ndị ọrụ na-emegharị ihe e-waste
Ngwakọta dị mgbagwoju anya na njikwa na-ezighi ezi nke e-nfu na-emetụta ahụike mmadụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ọrịa na-efe efe na nke ụlọ ọgwụ emeela ka enwekwu nchegbu banyere ihe egwu e-ifufe nwere ike ime na ahụike mmadụ, karịsịa na mba ndị na-emepe emepe dị ka India na China. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ihe gbasara ihe egwu ahụike, ọkụ na-emeghe nke mbadamba waya ebipụtara na-abawanye mkpokọta dioxins na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Nsí ndị a na-ebute ọrịa cancer ka ukwuu ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrụ na ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ na-eku ume. Ọla ndị na-egbu egbu na nsi nwekwara ike ịbanye n'ọbara n'oge a na-ewepụta akwụkwọ ntuziaka na nchịkọta nke obere ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa, ndị ọrụ na-anọgidekwa na-ekpughere kemịkal na-egbu egbu na uzuzu nke acid gbadoro anya nke ukwuu. Ịweghachite ọla kọpa resalable site n'ọkụ wires ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-akpata nsogbu akwara ozi, na nnukwu ikpughe na cadmium, nke dị na semiconductor na mgbawa resistors, nwere ike imebi akụrụ na imeju ma mee ka ọkpụkpụ pụta. Ogologo oge ikpughe odu ndu na bọọdụ sekit ndị e biri ebi na kọmputa na ihe onyonyo nwere ike imebi sistemu ụjọ etiti na nke dị n'akụkụ na akụrụ, ụmụaka na-enwekwa ike ịnweta mmetụta ndị a na-emerụ ahụ.
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-ejighị n'aka na ndị a na'ụzọ iwu kwadoro
Mmetụta ahụike nke ndị ọrụ na-emegharị ihe e-ifufe na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nke ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị na-atụ anya ịdị iche na oke. Nnyocha e mere na saịtị atọ a na-emegharị ihe na China na-atụ aro na ihe egwu ahụike nke ndị ọrụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ e-recycling na Jiangsu na Shanghai dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị e-recycling na Guiyu. Ụzọ ochie nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'azụ ụlọ a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngalaba na-adịghị ahụkebe) na-eji iji nwetaghachi, megharịa, na imegharị ihe e-ifufu na-ekpughe ndị ọrụ ahụ n'ọtụtụ ihe na-egbu egbu. A na-eji usoro ndị dị ka ihe ndị na-ekpochapụ ihe, nhazi kemịkalụ mmiri, na ọkụ ọkụ na-ebute mkpughe na iku ume nke kemịkalụ na-emerụ ahụ. Akụrụngwa nchekwa dị ka uwe aka, ihe mkpuchi ihu, na ndị na-ekuku ikuku bụ ihe amabeghị, ndị ọrụ na-enwekarị echiche nke ihe ha na-eme. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ gbasara imegharị ihe e-waste na India, a nakọtara ihe nlele ntutu site n'aka ndị ọrụ n'ebe a na-emegharị ihe e-waste na ebe e-waste recycling slum community (ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nke ụlọ ọrụ) na Bangalore. Ọkwa nke V, Cr, Mn, Mo, Sn, Tl, na Pb dị elu karịa n'ime ndị ọrụ na ebe a na-emegharị ihe mkpofu e-n'efu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-arụ ọrụ e-ifufe n'ime ime obodo. Agbanyeghị, ọkwa Co, Ag, Cd na Hg dị elu nke ukwuu na ndị ọrụ ime obodo ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ.
Ọbụna n'ụlọ ọrụ e-recycling, ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịnweta mmetọ gabigara ókè. Nnyocha e mere na ụlọ ọrụ e-recycling na France na Sweden chọpụtara na ndị ọrụ na-emebiga ihe ókè (tụnyere ụkpụrụ nduzi ọrụ akwadoro) na-edu, cadmium, mercury na ụfọdụ ọla ndị ọzọ, yana BFR, PCBs, dioxin na furans. A na-ekpughekwa ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọkụ na-ere ọkụ karịa ndị otu ntụaka.
Njikwa ihe ize ndụ
Maka ahụike na nchekwa ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ na-emegharị ihe mkpofu, ma ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ ma ndị ọrụ kwesịrị ime ihe. A na-egosi aro maka ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ na ndị ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ e-waste nke Ngalaba Ahụike Ọha California nyere na eserese ahụ.
Hụkwa
Iwu na mgbakọ:
Ibarapa Central
O nwèrè mpaghara nkè 440 km2 na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 102,979 na ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ 2006. N'afọ 2018, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya dị ihe dị ka mmadụ 322,189. Ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị Ibarapa bụ ndị n'aka nke ha, agbụrụ Yoruba.
Ihe mkpofu eletrọniki
Hụkwa
Nchebe:
Ibarapa Central
Koodu ozi nkè mpaghara ahụ bụ 201.
Ihe mkpofu eletrọniki
Hụkwa
Ọchịagha:
Ihe mkpofu efu
Ihe mkpofu efu bụ usoro ụkpụrụ ndị lekwasịrị anya na mgbochi mkpofu nke na-agba ume imezigharị usoro ndụ ihe onwunwe ka e wee jiri ngwaahịa niile e kwesiri ikpofu ekpofu mee ihe (ya bụ, na-eji ya eme ihe) na / ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ. Ebumnuche nke mmegharị ahụ bụ izere izipu ihe mkpofu n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, ebe a na-ere ọkụ, oké osimiri, ma ọ bụ akụkụ ọ bụla ọzọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị 9% nke plastik zuru ụwa ọnụ ka a na-emegharị. N'ime usoro ihe mkpofu efu, a ga-eji ihe mee ihe ndị ọzọga ba ụrụ ruo mgbe a ga-enweta ọkwa kachasị mma. Nkọwa nke Zero Waste International Alliance (ZWIA) nabatara bụ:
Ihe mkpofu eletrọniki
Ihe odide
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Ihe mkpofu efu
Cradle-to-Grave
Ihe a na-akpọ cradle-to-grave bụ ihe nlereanya nke na-amalite site na iwepụta ihe, na-aga n'ihu na mmepụta ngwaahịa, ma na-ejedebe na "ili" ma ọ bụ ebe/ala a na-ekpofu ihe. Cradle-to-grave dị iche na ihe ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa, nke a na-emegharị n'ime ngwaahịa ọhụrụ na njedebe nke ndụ ha ka n'ikpeazụ ghara inwe ihe mkpofu.
Uru ndị na-akwado ya na-atụ aro gụnyere:
Ahụike
Isi okwu na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa bụ hydrogen sulfide, nke a na-ewepụta site na mbibi nke ihe mkpofu. Nnyocha egosila njikọ dị mma n'etiti mmụba nke ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke ọrịa di iche iche di ka oria kansa akpa ume na mmụba ọrịa na ọnwụ metụtara ọrịa iku ume maka mmetuta hydrogen sulfide. Nnyocha ndị a gosikwara na hydrogen sulfide na-abawanye na nso nso ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa.
Nsogbu ahụike metụtara ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa gunyere ndia:
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Mgbasa ahụ nwetara ezigbo mgbasa ozi ma ruo n'ókè kachasị elu na 1998 - 2002, ma kemgbe ahụ ọ na-aga site na "echiche gaa n'omume" site n'ilekwasị anya n'otú "obodo na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla" [dị ka onye?] si hazie ma na-akpa àgwà. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Zero Waste International Alliance nwere ndepụta nke obodo dị iche iche n'ụwa niile nke mepụtara iwu ọha na eze iji kwalite omume mkpofu efu. E nwere otu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị ihe mkpofu aha ya bụ GrassRoots Recycling Network nke na-etinye ụlọ ọrụ na nzukọ banyere ọrụ na-adịghị ihe mkpofu. thumb|Ihe atụ nke ihe mbido ihe mkpofu efu nke gụnyere: karama mmiri a na-eji eme ihe ọzọ, efere a na-ejikarị eme ihe ọzọ.
Ijikọ ihe ọzọ na composting
Ọ dị mkpa ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti imegharị ihe site na Zero Waste. Omume a na-ahụkarị nke imegharị ihe bụ naanị itinye karama, ite, akwụkwọ, na nkwakọba ihe n'ime ihe ndị a na-emegharị ihe. Ụdị nke oge a nke imegharị ihe dị mgbagwoju anya ma na-agụnye ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ nke ego na nkwado gọọmentị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akụkọ 2007 nke US Environmental Protection Agency na-ekwu na US na-emegharị ihe na ọnụego mba nke 33.5% ma tinye ihe ndị e ji compost mee na ọnụ ọgụgụ a. Na mgbakwunye, e mepụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa mba dị iche iche iji jikwaa ihe ndị a rụgharịrị arụgharị. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ekwu na a na-emebiga ihe ókè mgbe ụfọdụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ site na itinye ala na ihe ndị dị ndụ iji kpuchie ihe mkpofu kwa ụbọchị, na kọlụm "megharị".
Ógbè ndị na-enweghị ihe mkpofu
Gọọmentị dị iche iche ekwuputala ihe mkpofu efu dị ka ihe mgbaru ọsọ, gụnyere:
thumb|Kamikatsu Zero Waste Center, nke e ji ihe ndị a rụgharịrị arụgharị rụọ n'onwe ya
Ụlọ ahịa nwere ihe mkpofu efu
Ụlọ ahịa ndị na-ere ahịa na-ahụ maka ngwaahịa ndị nwere ihe mkpofu efu emegheela na mba dị iche iche, gụnyere Spain na United States.
Edensibịa
Òtù:Mbelata ihe mkpofu
Ibarapa East
O nwèrè mpaghara nkè 838 km2 na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 118,226 na ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ 2006.
Koodu ozi nkè mpaghara ahụ bụ 201.
Akinbode Oluwafemi
Akinbode Oluwafemi bụ onye Naijiria na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye na-eme mkpọsa ikpe ziri ezi na onye na-akwado nchịkwa ụtaba. Ọ bụ osote onye nduzi nke Environmental Rights Action/Friends of the Earth Nigeria (ERA/FoEN). Ọ bụ onye natara 2009 Bloomberg Awards maka Global Tobacco Control. E mere emume mmeri ahụ na 14th World Conference on Tobacco or Health nke emere na Mumbai, India. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na Corporate Accountability and Public Participation Africa (CAPPA) CAPPA, ebe o nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ na-ahụ maka nhazi obodo, nkwado iwu na iwulite njikọ siri ike.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nigerian
Nigerian (na Igbo: Onye Niageria) bu ndi si n'ala ma obu n'obodo Naigeria. Ndi Naijeria nwere otutu asusu; Hausa, Yoruba na Igbo.
Skills and knowledge are the driving forces of economic growth and social development. Despite the current high level of unemployment, harnessing Nigeria’s young demography through appropriate skill development efforts provides an opportunity to achieve inclusion and productivity within the country. Large-scale skill development is the main policy thrust of the N-Power Programme. N-Power is also linked to the Federal Government’s policies in the economic, employment and social development arenas. N-Power addresses the challenge of youth unemployment by providing a structure for large scale and relevant work skills acquisition and development while linking its core and outcomes to fixing inadequate public services and stimulating the larger economy. The modular programmes under N-Power will ensure that each participant will learn and practice most of what is necessary to find or create work. The N-Power Teacher Corp involves a massive deployment of 500,000 trained graduates who will assist to improve the inadequacies in our public services in education, health and civic education. Some of these graduates will also help in actualising Nigeria’s economic and strategic aspirations of achieving food security and self- sufficiency. N-Power will also be a platform for diversifying the economy. N-Power is preparing young Nigerians for a knowledge economy where, equipped with world-class skills and certification, they become innovators and movers in the domestic and global markets. Nigeria will have a pool of software developers, hardware service professionals, animators, graphic artists, building services professionals, artisans and others. N-Power also focuses on providing our non-graduates with relevant technical and business skills that enhance their work outlook and livelihood. In sum, N-Power is segmented as follows: N-Power Teachers Corps- 500,000 graduates N-Power Knowledge – 25,000 non-graduates N-Power Build- 75,000 non-graduates
Presley Chweneyagae
Presley Chweneyagae (a mụrụ n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1984 na North West Province Mafikeng, South Africa) bụ onye South Africa na-eme ihe nkiri nke sitere na Tswana. Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri Tsotsi, nke meriri Academy Award for Foreign Language Film na 78th Academy Awards. Nne ya, Agnes Keagile kpọrọ ya aha onye ọbụ abụ kachasị amasị ya, Elvis Presley. Ọ bụ ezie na o meela ihe nkiri n'oge gara aga, Tsotsi bụ ihe nkiri mbụ ya. Ọrụ ya kachasị ọhụrụ bụ na telenovela South Africa, The River dịka Thuso "Cobra" Mokoena.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ na-elekwasị anya na egwuregwu na ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ. Ihe nkiri ya kachasị ọhụrụ gụnyere More Than Just a Game, State of Violence na Africa <i id="mwJw">United</i>. Ọ na-eme egwuregwu ugbu a banyere Solomon Mahlangu, onye bụbu MK cadre nke a kwụgidere mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ.
Aminata Touré
thumb|Aminata Toure Aminata Touré (Amụrụ na 12 Ọktoba 1962) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Senegal onye jere ozi dị ka praịm minista nke Senegal site n'ụbọchị 1 Septemba 2013 ruo 4 Julaị 2014. Ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ bụ praịm minista nke Senegal mgbe Mame Madior Boye gasịrị, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka Minista Ikpe Ziri Ezi site n'afọ 2012 ruo afọ 2013.
A mara ọkwa nhọpụta ya dị ka praịm minista mgbe ọ na-achụso ọtụtụ ikpe nrụrụ aka metụtara ndị bụbu ndị ọchịchị. O kwere nkwa ịga n'ihu n'ụzọ nke "mmepe na imeziwanye ọnọdụ ndụ nke ụmụ amaala anyị". A na-akpọ ya "Iron Lady" na ndị nta akụkọ n'ihi mkpọsa ya na ikpo okwu ya megide nrụrụ aka. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ọkwa ọrụ ya gara aga.
Nwa nwanyị nke dọkịta na onye na-amụ nwa, Aminata nọrọ n'oge agụmakwụkwọ ya na Tambacounda, ebe e kenyere nna ya, wee gaa afọ nke isii ya na Gaston-Berger High School na Kaolack N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Aminata gbara bọọlụ maka Dakar Gazelles. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na France, ebe ọ nwetara nzere masta na akụ na ụba na Dijon na nzere postgraduate na nchịkwa azụmahịa na Aix-en-Provence. Na mahadum, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Communist Workers' League dị ka onye otu ma mesịa sonye na Movement for Socialism and Unity (MSU). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mmemme metụtara atụmatụ ezinụlọ na ahụike ọmụmụ na Senegal, Burkina Faso na Côte d'Ivoire. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka United Nations Population Fund, ebe ọ bụ onye nhazi mmemme maka mmemme Gender na HIV na West Africa. O nwere nzere Ph.D. na International Financial Management site na International School of Management. Akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya lekwasịrị anya na micro ego nke ụmụ nwanyị na Sub-Saharan Africa.
Ebenside
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Esther Mbulakubuza Mbayo
Esther Mbulakubuza Mbayo (née Esther Mbulakabuza), bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Uganda. Ọ bụ Minista nke Onye isi ala na Kọmitii Ugandan. A họpụtara ya n'ọkwa ahụ na 6 June 2016, na-anọchi Frank Tumwebaze, onye a họpụtara dị ka Ministry of Information Information Technology and Communication. Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Uganda, dị ka onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị nke Luuka District.
Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ ya na Luuka District nke oge a, na mpaghara Busoga, na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Uganda, na 27 Eprel 1971. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Wanyange Girls' School maka agụmakwụkwọ O-Level na A-Level. Ọ gara Mahadum Makerere, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2005, na Bachelor of Commerce, na ọkachamara na ndekọ ego. O nwekwara asambodo nke Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators nyere ya.
Ọrụ
N'afọ 1997, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha nke Transocean Uganda Limited. Site na Nọvemba 1999 ruo 2002, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere aka na Lonrho Motors Uganda Limited, ụlọ ahịa na-ere ụgbọala na Kampala. Site na Jenụwarị 2003 ruo Febụwarị 2006, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ego na Lonrho Motors. Ọ gara rụọ ọrụ na Commercial Firms Uganda Limited dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ego, site n'April 2006 ruo August 2007. N'otu oge ahụ, site na Septemba 2001 ruo June 2008, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ego na Socket Works Uganda Limited. Site na Febụwarị 2008 ruo Disemba 2010, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ego na Cooper Motor Corporation Uganda. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu Luuka District Woman nke ndị omeiwu na ntuli aka nke afọ 2016, na-emeri Evelyn Kaabule. O meriri Kaabule na mbụ na ntuli aka NRM. N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Juun afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke Onye isi ala.
Ọrụ ndị ọzọ
Ọ na-eje ozi n'otu oge ahụ dị ka Onye isi oche nke Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị nke distrikti na pati ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị National Resistance Movement na-achị na dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke Busoga Women Leader Association.
Ndụ onwe onye
Esther Mbayo lụrụ George William Mbayo ma di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ atọ. N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2020, ọ tụfuru naanị nwa ya nwoke Ian Mawanda onye nwụrụ n'ihi nsogbu obi mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ siri ike n'ụlọ mmega ahụ.
Ebenside
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marita van der Vyver
Akụkọ ndụ ya
Amụrụ ya na Cape Town n'afọ 1958 wee tolite na Bellville, Menlo Park wee nweta agụmakwụkwọ mmalite ya na Hoërskool Nelspruit. N'afọ 1975, n'asọmpi uri Afrikaans nke mba maka ụmụ akwụkwọ matric, ọ meriri n'agụmakwụkwọ akwụkwọ afọ anọ na mahadum ọ họọrọ. Ọ họọrọ Mahadum Stellenbosch, ebe o sonyeere na nkuzi uri DJ Opperman wee nye ya nzere BA, isi na Afrikaans na French, n'afọ 1978. N'afọ sochiri ya, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta n'ọrụ nta akụkọ. Ọ gụchara nzere masta na ọrụ ntaakụkọ ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na South Africa mgbe otu afọ nke njem na Europe gasịrị, van der Vyver rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ maka Die Burger, dị ka onye na-edegharị akwụkwọ maka Leserskring (otu akwụkwọ akwụkwọ) na onye edemede edemede maka Sarie.
Ọrụ
O bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ntorobịa atọ, Van Jou Jas (1982), Tien vir 'n Vriend (1987) na Eenkantkind (1991) tupu ewepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya maka ndị okenye, Griet skryf 'n Sprokie n'afọ 1992, nke meriri ATKV, M-Net na ihe nrite Eugène Marais. A sụgharịrị ya n'asụsụ Bekee, Dutch, Italian, French, Spanish, Swedish, Czech, Chinese na Hibru. N'afọ 1994, Dinge van 'n Kind, akwụkwọ akụkọ ntorobịa ọzọ, ka ebipụtara tupu o wepụta akwụkwọ mbụ ya maka ụmụntakịrị, Olinosters op die Dak na 1997.
E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ okenye ọzọ, Wegkomkans na 1999, Griet Kom Weer sochiri ya n'afọ 2001. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ntorobịa ya Die Ongelooflike Avonture van Hanna Hoekom meriri Sanlam Prize for Youth Fiction n'afọ 2002 wee mee ihe nkiri n'afọ 2010.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Karin Kortje
Karin Kortje-Aspeling (onye amụrụ n'abalị iri na abụọ nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1980) bụ onye mmeri oge nke atọ nke Idols na South Africa.
Mgbe a kpọpụtachara onye mmeri n'abalị iri abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2005, M-Net wepụtara ndekọ mpụtara nke ntuli aka nke mmadụ iri na abụọ kachasị elu. N'oge ọnụ ọgụgụ izu ọ bụla, Karin nwetara votu kachasị ma si otú a bụrụ onye asọmpi kachasị ewu ewu n'oge Idol III dum. Karin nwetara pacenti Votu iri isii na ise nke vootu ikpeazụ.
Ndụ ya mgbe asọmpi idol gasịrị
N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe o meriri oge nke atọ nke Idols, South Africa, Karin wepụtara obere abọm atọ site na Record Label nke Sony BMG nke gosipụtara egwu mmeri ya "I'm So Ready" na Christmas carol "Joy to the World" ma gụkọo egwu John Legend kụrụ bụ"Ordinary People" nke o gosiputarakwara n'oge ihe ngosi ìhè. E wepụtara obere abọm ahụ otu izu ka Karin meriri n' asọmpi ìhè ahụ ma egwu izizi ya "I'm So Ready" bu nke akpọrọ n'ikuku ugboro ugboro na ụlọ ọrụ redio na mba niile. N'onwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 2006 Karin malitere ịrụ ọrụ na abọm izizi ya Kortje ọ chọrọ ka abụ ndị ahụ nwee ozi mkpali mmụọ. E wepụtara abọm ahụ site na nnukwu Record Label nke Sony BMG n'abalị iri na otu nke ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2006 nke akpọrọ "Forever and a Day" abọm ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nyocha na egwu akpọrọ "Forever and a Day" nke bụ egwu mbụ nke LP natara otuto dị ukwuu. Abọm ahụ mechara gbagoo karịa orure ahịa ruru Gold Status na South Africa na-ere ihe karịrị puku iri abụọ. Abọm ahụ nwere egwu redio anọ n'ozuzu "Forever and a Day" "I'm So Ready" "Never Never Never" "If I Can't Have You" Karin zutere onye bụbu onye isi ala South Africa, Nelson Mandela obere oge o meriri Idols South Africa oge atọ. N'afọ 2006, Karin ritere ihe nrite You Magazine You Spectacular maka "News Maker of the Year". Kemgbe ahụ, Karin enwetala ihụ mkpuchi nke ọtụtụ magazin nke gụnyere Sarie, Huisgenoot na You magazin. Ma mechaa Karin wee kwụsịtụ iputa ìhè.
Ndụ onwe onye
Karin lụrụ Shaundore Aspeling n'abalị iri abụọ na iteghete nke ọnwa ọgọstụ afọ 2009 n'obodo ya bụ Grabouw. Gift Gwe, onye na-esote na Idols oge nke atọ, gosiputara ihe ngosi egwu n'ụbọchị agbamakwụkwọ karin.
Ihe nrite na nhọpụta
News Maker of the Year Won
Best Musical Production Karin Kortje "Die Hele Storie" Nomination
Mmalite ọhụrụ
Karin malitere njikọ ọhụrụ ya na ndị njikwa ọhụrụ n'afọ 2009 na-ewepụta otu egwu ọhụrụ bụ "Love in the First Degree" n'onwe ya. Egwu ahụ gbagoro n'ogo Chaati na-aga kpọmkwem na ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ na Good Hope FM na Heart 104.9 FM's SA TOP 10 Charts. Egwu a nọrọ ọtụtụ izu ma karịa nke atụrụanya site n'idebe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka ke mbụ n'ọtụtụ izu n'usoro chaatị abụọ ahụ. E gosikwara "Love in the First Degree" na abọm DJ Keith. Karin dekwara egwu Krismas "Hark The Angels" na abọm Krismas Good Hope FM nke ewepụtara N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009. N'afọ 2011, Karin wepụtara egwu ozioma nke mbụ bu tonaanị ya nke akpọrọ "Discovering" e wepụtara ya n'ụdị CD. Karin gosiputara otu egwu a na South African comedian Soli Philander's ihe ngosi onyonyo bụ"Taxi vision" Live
N'afọ 2011 Karin Kortje pụtara na egwu "This Is My Life" na-akọ akụkọ ndụ ya, tupu, n'oge na mgbe Idols gasịrị, ya na onye mmeri nke oge nke anọ nke Idols South Africa bu Jody Williams (ọgụ egwu Afrikaans ). Ihe ngosi ahụ ka emere n'oge nke abụọ. Oge a ọ gosipụtara Karin na nwanne nwoke tọrọ Emo Adams bụ Loukmaan Adams. otu n'ime ọrụ Karin kachasị echefu echefu bụ ime na Sydney Australia na 2012. Karin sonyekwara Judy Boucher na Divas show n'afọ 2012. N'afọ 2013, Karin were akụkọ ndụ ya gaa ABSA KKNK n'oge a ọ bụ ihe ngosi otu nwanyị "Die Held Store" ma ọ bụ na asụsụ Afrikaans. Ihe ngosi ahụ nwetara nhọpụta onyinye ABSA Kana. Karin laghachiri na ABSA KKNK n'afọ 2014 n'oge a na-eme ihe nkiri na ọgbọ TOP 40. Karin bụkwa otu n'ime ndị mmeghe tinyere LeAnne Dlamini na Belinda Davids na ihe ngosi "Divas 2014" nke gosipụtara International R&B GRAMMY AWARD nhọpụta TAMIA N'abalị iri abụọ na isii nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 na Grand Arena Grand West Cape Town. Ihe ngosi ahụ bụ so na njem obodo atọ nke Tamia na South Africa (Cape Town, Johannesburg na Port Elizabeth)
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bonang Matheba
Bonang Dorothy Matheba (a mụrụ na 25 June 1987), bụ onye na-eme ihe ngosi telivishọn na South Africa, onye redio, onye na-ese ihe nkiri na onye mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. A mụrụ ya na Mahikeng, North West, a maara ya maka nkà ngosi ya na olu ya. Matheba gosipụtara ihe ngosi egwu SABC 1 LIVE (nke bụ Live Amp ugbu a) nke wuru ihe ngosi ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. A makwaara ya maka ịbụ onye isi ojii South Africa mbụ a ga-egosi na ọtụtụ magazin.
N'afọ 2011, ọ ghọrọ onye ama ama na South Africa mbụ malitere ihe ngosi n'ịntanetị a na-akpọ B*Dazzled. N'afọ 2013, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya mba ụwa mbụ maka akara ihe ntecha Revlon, na mpụga US.
N'afọ 2014, ọ kwadoro 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards pre-show, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye South Africa mbụ kwadoro emume ahụ. N'afọ 2015, ọ ghọrọ onye Afrịka mbụ e nyere E! News Special Africa na E!.
N'afọ 2016, ọ pụtara n'ihu Forbes Woman Africa, ya na ụmụ nwanyị atọ ndị ọzọ e nyere isi okwu maka ịbụ ihu nke ọchụnta ego. O weputara akwukwo ya From A to B ma gosipụta ihe ngosi nke ya Being Bonang, ha abụọ n'afọ 2017. N'afọ 2018, e gosipụtara ya na mbipụta ike nke GQ SA, maka mbipụta Septemba.
Mmalite ndụ
A mụrụ Bonang n'abalị 25 ọnwa June 1987 na Mahikeng borough nke North West, nye Charlotte Mokoena, onye isi oche maka Human Resource and Corporate Affairs nke Sasol, na Gampi Matheba, onye nkuzi dị elu na Mahadum North-West. Ọ bụ onye agbụrụ na-asụ asụsụ Bantu bụ Tswana.
Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Leondale, n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Johannesburg, ebe Bonang gara Fourways High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmentị na-akụzi na Fourways, Johannesburg.
Telivishọn na ihe nkiri
N'afọ 2002, Matheba mere ihe ngosi telivishọn mbụ ya na SABC 2 ụmụaka, Manhattan Fantasy Challenge mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise. Ọ pụtakwara n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ụmụaka SABC 2. N'afọ 2007, Matheba nyochara maka oge izizi nke ihe ngosi egwu SABC 1 LIVE (nke bụ Live Amp ugbu a) mgbe ọ hapụsịrị varsity. E mechara chie ya onye mmeri nke ihe ngosi ahụ ka ya na Tbo Touch na-akwado ya. Ọrụ ngosi ya bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na nke ahụ bụ aha nna ya "Queen B". E gosipụtara ihe omume ikpeazụ ya na 31 Ọgọstụ 2012 ka ọ mara ọkwa na ọ na-ahapụ ihe ngosi ahụ. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị LIVE, ọ kwadoro ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ gụnyere Clash of the Choirs SA, Afternoon Express, Top Billing na KFC Taste Kitchen.
Matheba anabatala ọtụtụ ihe ngosi onyinye na ihe omume ndị a ma ama dịka MTV Africa Music Awards 2016, Miss South Africa 2018, ma kwado ihe ngosi tupu 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards na BET Awards 2016. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2018, Matheba so mee ihe nkiri Global Citizen: Mandela 100 n'akụkụ onye na-eme ihe ọchị Trevor Noah, onye na-ese onyinyo Naomi Campbell na ndị ọzọ a ma ama.
N'afọ 2008, Matheba mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na ihe ngosi SABC 1, InterSEXions ebe ọ na-eme Nurse Seipati. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2019, Matheba gosipụtara ma soro mepụta ihe nkiri Public Figure, nke gosipụtara na Machị, 9 na Manchester Film Festival.
Matheba guzobere ụlọ mmepụta ihe ya akpọrọ Bonang Matheba Entertainment n'afọ 2017. Ngalaba mmepụta ahụ nwere otu ihe ngosi, nke bụ ihe ngosi eziokwu nke 1Magic, Being Bonang nke na-elekwasị anya ma gosipụta ndụ kwa ụbọchị nke Matheba.
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2022, ọ kwadoro Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards.
Ndụ onwe
N'afọ 2012, Matheba sonyeere onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ na onye na-agba diski Euphonik. E boro Euphonik ebubo mwakpo mgbe o gosipụtara na ọ wakporo ya. O wepụrụ ebubo ahụ mgbe di na nwunye ahụ mere ka ha dịghachi n'otu. Ka ọ na-ewepụ ebubo ahụ, ndị mmadụ nwere ebubo na Matheba ghaara ụgha banyere ihe merenụ. Matheba gbaghaara nkwupụta ndị a, na-ekwu, sị: "Atụbeghị m na a ga-emeso m ihe ọjọọ mgbe akụkọ gbasara nkewa m pụtara. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ahụmahụ ndị na-egbu mgbu na mgbe ụfọdụ ejighị m n'aka otú m si lanarị", ihe gbasara ya n'akwụkwọ ya, From A To B. O wepụrụ ihe ahụ na mbipụta nke abụọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ.
Site na ngwụcha afọ 2015 ruo 2017, Matheba na onye na-eti egwu AKA. Mmekọrịta ha jupụtara na esemokwu ka ha nwere ihe omume, mgbe AKA na-eme mkpapụ ma na-eme ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri diski DJ Zinhle dị ime, onye kpughere ihe ha na-eme n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2015, mgbe ha kewara.
Site n'oge a gaa n'ihu, Matheba edebewo ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mmekọ ya na ndụ onwe onye na nzuzo, ọ bụghịkwa ọtụtụ ihe ka a maara banyere ya.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Fang language
Fang /ˈfɒŋ/ bụ asụsụ ndi Central Africa nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 1 na-asụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ na Equatorial Guinea, na n'ebe ugwu Gabon, ebe ọ bụ asụsụ Bantu kachasị; A na-asukwa Fang na ndịda Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, na obere akụkụ nke agwaetiti São Tomé na Príncipe. Ọ nwere njikọ na asụsụ Bulu na Ewondo nke ndịda Cameroon.
N'okpuru bu Onye isi ala Macías Nguema, Fang bụ asụsụ gọọmentị nke Equatorial Guinea, ọ bụ ezie na n'afọ 1982, Iwu nke atọ jiri Spanish dochie ya. Kemgbe ahụ, nsụgharị ọ bụla nke Iwu ahụ amatala Fang na asụsụ ndị ọzọ bụ ụmụ amaala obodo ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke ọdịbendị mba, n'agbanyeghị na asụsụ ndị a enweghị ọnọdụ gọọmentị.
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche nke Fang na ugwu Gabon na ndịda Cameroon. Maho (2009) depụtara Southwest Fang dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche. Olumba ndị ọzọ bụ Ntoumou, Okak, Mekê, Atsi (Batsi), Nzaman (Zaman), Mveni, na Mvaïe.
Dị ka ALCAM si kwuo (2012), a na-asụkarị Fang n'ebe ugwu Gabon nakwa na Equatorial Guinea. Asụsụ ndị a gụnyere Ntumu, Mvayn, na Okak. Na Cameroon, a na-asụ Fang na ọkara ndịda nke ngalaba Dja-et-Lobo (Southern Region) n'ebe ndịda Djoum. A na-asụkwa ya na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ngalaba Mvila: ndịda Mvangan, tinyere obere akụkụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke ngalaba Océan n'etiti Lolodorf na Kribi ebe a na-asụgharị asụsụ Okak. A na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ, Mvayn na Ntumu, na ngalaba Vallée-du-Ntem.
Asaa
Asaa (7) bu otu onu agugu. O no na etiti onu ogugu nke isii na asatọ.
Òtù:Onu agugu
Ajụjụ Nlebaanya Ọgbaghara Omume Ụra REM
bụ ajụjụ pụrụ iche maka nsogbu omume anya ngwa ngwa (RBD) nke Stiasny-Kolster na ndị otu mepụtara, iji nyochaa ihe ndị kachasị mma nke RBD. Ọ bụ ihe iri, ihe na-echegbu onwe ya na ajụjụ dị mkpirikpi a ga-eji 'ee' ma ọ bụ 'ee' zaa ya. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta nyochara izi ezi nke ajụjụ ahụ ma ha achọpụtala na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nkọwa zuru oke na nchọpụta nke RBD.
Ojiji
RBDSQ nwere ike ịba uru dị ka ngwá ọrụ nyocha maka nsogbu neurodegenerative, dị ka α-synucleinopathies, ọrịa Parkinson ma ọ bụ multiple system atrophy nke nwere ike ime ka nchọpụta n'oge yana iwebata ndị mmadụ nwere RBD dị mkpakọrịta nwoke ikike asụsụ obodo ndị na eme maka ọmụmụ nyocha.
Ọdịdị ya
RBDSQ nwere ihe iri a ga-eji 'ee' ma ọ bụ 'ee' zaa. Ihe 1 ruo 4 na-ekwu maka ugboro ole na ọdịnaya nke nrọ na mmekọrịta ha na mmegharị na omume abalị. Ihe 5 na-ajụ maka mmerụ ahụ onwe onye na mmerụ ahụ nke Ihe 6 nwere subitems anọ na-enyocha omume mmegharị abalị kpọmkwem, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ajụjụ Ihe 7 na 8 na-ekwu maka ịkụrụ ndị mmadụ n'ihe dị ka ndị ọzọ anya n'abalị. Ihe nke 9 na-elekwasị anya na ụra na-enye nsogbu n'ozuzu ya na ihe nke 10 na ọnụnọ nke nsogbu ọ bụla. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke RBDSQ bụ akara 13.
Ntụaka
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Fang language (Cameroon)
Fang bụ asụsụ ndi Southern Bantoid nke Cameroon.
"Fang" bụ aha ndi obodo a na-asụ asụsụ.
17 Maachị
17 Maachị bu ubochi nke 17th (nke iri na asaa) na onwa ana kpo Maachị. Na Gregorian calender, 17 Maachị bu ubochi nke 76th (77th na afo nke ana-kpo leap year) na afo. Anyi nwere agugu ubochi 289 du mgbe afo na agwu.
Onye wuru
Òtù:Maachị
Oxlade (singer)
Ikuforiji Olaitan Abdulrahman (amụrụ na 22 Eprel 1997), nke a maara dịka Oxlade, bụ onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu na Naijiria nke bịanyere aka na Troniq Music, Epic Records na France, na Columbia Records na UK. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama site na ntọhapụ nke egwu "Away", nke pụtara na egwu iri ise kachasị mma nke Rolling Stone nke 2020. A kpọrọ Oxlade onye mbụ Pandora Africa's Next Artist na July 2022.
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Ikuforiji Olaitan Abdulrahman na 22 Eprel 1997 na Surulere, ebe obibi nke dị na Lagos. Mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị mgbe ọ dị obere, nna ya na nne nne ya zụlitere ya. Nna ya bụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Lagos State, ebe ọ natara ikike ịmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmekọrịta mba ụwa. Ọ debanyere aha afọ abụọ tupu ọ kwụsị iji wee chụsoo ọrụ egwu ya.
N'afọ 2018, onye isi A&R Bizzle Osikoya bịakwutere ya, ozugbo Blaqbonez tọhapụrụ "Mamiwota", na Bad Boy Blaq EP, nke e wepụtara site na 100 Crowns, akara nke Chocolate City. Mgbe ya na Bizzle zutere, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta njikwa na The Plug. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbipụta, ikikere na nkesa na The Plug Entertainment, na nkwekọ ndekọ na Troniq Music. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018, Davido kwere ka Oxlade rụọ ọrụ na City of David concert na Lagos, ọ meghere maka Wizkid na London na Star Boy Fest na 2019.
N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, ọ wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka Away, nke TG Omori duziri maka Troniq Music. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, ọ gwara, Tami Makinde nke The Native, TG Omori nyere ya ntụziaka, ka ọ nọdụ n'apata ụkwụ nwanyị ya iji gosipụta okwu a ma ama "n'azụ nwoke ọ bụla nwere ihe ịga nke ọma bụ nwanyị". N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2020, Drake weputara ihe nkiri na akụkọ Instagram ya, na-ege ntị na Away. Ozugbo onye na-eti egwu nke Canada mere post ahụ, ọ nwetara ndị nkiri dị nde ato n'ime awa ịrị abụọ na anọ. O nwetara nkwado a ma ama site na egwu egwu ya "Away", nke e wepụtara dị ka otu egwu site na EP ya Oxygene, nke e weputara site na Troniq Music, na The Plug Entertainment, na 27 Machị 2020. "Away" pụtara na ọnụọgụ ịrị abụọ na atọ na chaatị ngwụcha afọ nke 2020 nke Nigerian <i id="mwOQ">TurnTable</i> Top 50. Ọ wepụtara "DKT" n'onwe ya na 3 Septemba 2020 na vidiyo egwu ya na 10 Mee 2021, nke Dammy Twitch mere vidiyo ya ma duzie.
Na Jenụwarị 2021, mmekorita ya na Dolapo, na Ms Banks na egwu ha "Interest", mere ka ọ banye mbanye nke mbụ ya na Capital XTRA Airplay Chart na ọnụọgụ iri na otu na 18 Febụwarị 2021. ma nwetakwara ya, ntinye ọrụ mbụ ya na UK Afrobeats Singles Chart na nọmba iri, ma nọrọ izu iri na abụọ n'usoro na chaatị. Na 15 Jenụwarị 2021, Capone wepụtara ma duzie vidiyo egwu maka "Interest". N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, ọ nwetara ntinye nke abụọ ya na UK Afrobeats Singles Chart na egwu ya "Ojuju", nke dị ugbu a na chaatị maka izu ise n'usoro, kemgbe 3 Ọktoba. Ọ bịakwara n'ọkwa iri na atọ na chaatị TurnTable Top 50 kwa izu nke Naịjirịa. Na 3 Septemba 2021, ọ wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka "Ojuju", nke Ademola Falomo duziri ma mepụta. E gosipụtara ya na otu "Kolo" nke Ice Prince, nke nọrọ izu iri na asatọ n'usoro na chaatị, wee ruo n'ọkwa asatọ na chaatụ TurnTable Top 50 kwa izu. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Machị 2021, onye nduzi UAX wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka "Kolo".
Na 10 June 2022, ọ wepụtara "Ku Lo Sa", maka ColorsxStudios. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, a tọhapụtara vidiyo na-eme ihe nkiri na Colors YouTube channel, nke natara ihe karịrị ndị nkiri otu nde na YouTube ka ọ na-erule Julaị 14, 2022. Na 19 Jụn 2022, ọ malitere n'ọnụ nke ịrị na otu na Official Afrobeats Chart Top 20 chart, wee ruo ọnụ ọgụgụ nke asatọ na 10 Julaị 2022, kpọmkwem otu ọnwa mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2022, ọ malitere na ọnụọgụ nke ịrị isii na isii na chaatị <i id="mwdQ">TurnTable</i> Nigeria Top 100. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2022, a kpọrọ Oxlade onye mbụ Pandora Africa's Next Artist. N'oge mkparịta ụka ha, ọ kwuru banyere mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke ndị na-agu egwu na Naijiria na ime onwe ya aha na America, Afro pop, na uto ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị nwere nkà na-eto ngwa ngwa site na Africa. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ọ rụrụ "Want You" maka Pandora Africa's Next Radio.
Arụmụka
N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, Oxlade merụrụ ahụ n'oge ngagharị iwe EndSARS na Surulere, mpaghara azụmahịa na Lagos. Ndị bi na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe kọọrọ ọnọdụ ahụ na hashtag #EndSARS, na vidiyo nke onye njikwa Oxlade Ojah'B, onye a hụrụ ka a na-eti ya ihe ka ndị uwe ojii jiri ike mechie ngagharị iwe ahụ.
N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2022, e wepụtara teepu mmekọahụ nke Oxlade site na Snapchat, wee ghọọ isiokwu na-ewu ewu na Twitter. Na 10 Febụwarị 2022, nwanyị ahụ gosipụtara na vidiyo ahụ kpughere ebumnuche ya ịgba Oxlade akwụkwọ maka nde naira iri abụọ. Na 12 Febụwarị 2022, Oxlade rịọrọ ndị na-akwado ya na nwanyị ahụ nọ na vidiyo ahụ mgbaghara na Twitter.
Nkà
Olu ya dị ka Efe Ukpebor nke Nigeria Entertainment Today kọwara, bụ "dị nro", nke nwere ngwakọta egwu na-enweghị ntụpọ. Ọ na-akọwa ụda ya dị ka àkwà mmiri dị n'etiti Alte (Afro-fusion/experimental music expressions) na mainstream. Okwu ya bụ ngwakọta nke Bekee, na asusu Pidgin English, na-enyocha isiokwu ndị dị ugbu a dịka ịhụnanya.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Ndi égwú nke Naigeria Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Jerry Craft
Jerry Craft (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 22, 1963) bụ onye America na-ese ihe nkiri na onye na-ese akwụkwọ ụmụaka nke a maara nke ọma maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na-atọ ọchị Mama's Boyz na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya New Kid. Craft bụ otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole na-ese ihe nkiri Afrika Amerikan na US.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Craft tolitere na Washington Heights ma gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Ethical Culture Fieldston Skul. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Skul nke Ahụ anya nka na 1984 na Bachelor nke Fine Arts na Media Arts.
Ọrụ
Craft rụrụ ọrụ afọ iri na abụọ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, n'oge ahụ, ọ nwetakwara ọrụ mbụ ya na-atọ ọchị na ọrụ maka Marvel Comics na Harvey Comics. N'ịga n'ihu na King Features Syndicate, Craft nọrọ afọ asatọ na-ede broshuọ ahịa. Njikọ a na King Features dugara na syndication nke Craft's Mama's Boyz malite na 1995.
Craft mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sports Illustrated for Kids ebe a họpụtara ya maka New Media Award site na National Cartoonists Society maka usoro ihe nkiri Flash ya a ma ama, tupu ọ hapụ ọrụ ahụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2006 iji ghọọ onye na-ese ihe nkiri oge niile.
Craft na-eme ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị mgbe niile n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ogige, na ọbá akwụkwọ.
Na Jenụwarị ụbọchị iri abụọ na asaa, 2020, e nyere akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, New Kid, Newbery Medal, na-aghọ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ na-ese onyinyo iji nweta nsọpụrụ a. New Kid nwetakwara onyinye Coretta Scott King Author Award, na onyinye Kirkus.
Ịlụ Nwoke Nne
Mama's Boyz na-agbaso ndụ nne naanị ya bụ Pauline Porter na ụmụ ya nwoke abụọ dị afọ iri na ụma Tyrell na Yusuf. Ndị ọzọ gụnyere nwanne Pauline bụ Greg na nne na nna ha.
Mama's Boyz bụ mmepụta nke ihe nkiri a na-akpọ nkiri mpụga, nke Craft malitere na 1987. N'afọ 1990, ọ gbanwere ụfọdụ ihe nke The Outside View iji mepụta Mama's Boyz, nke ọ jikọtara onwe ya na The City Sun nke New York na n'ikpeazụ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ kwa izu gafee mba ahụ. N'afọ 1995, King Features wepụtara Mama's Boyz maka ezigbo mfe kwa izu.
A na-eto Mama's Boyz na Nnukwu Akwụkwọ n' ihi na African American Children, ma gosipụta ya na Chicken Soup maka African American Soul, Chicken Sup maka African American Woman's Soul, na The Complete Idiot's Guide to Comedy Writing. Ihe odide Mama's Boyz na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka "spokescharacters" nke American Diabetes Association's African-American Program.