cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ariyike Akinbobola
Ọrụ
N'afọ 2010, Akinbobola malitere ịdekọ ihe ngosi TV nke ya 'Reflections with Ariyike' nke enwere ike ikiri na ibe youtube ya "Ariyike weekly". Na 2011 ọ gara ule ihe nkiri maka ọrụ dị ka onye na-eweta ihe ngosi na ọdụ Satellite TV ọhụrụ - Spice TV na na June 2011, Akinbobola nwetara ọrụ Spice TV dị ka onye na-egosi TV.
N'afọ 2013, Akinbobola mere ihe ngosi izizi ya na usoro ihe onyonyo onyonyo nke Naijiria "Lekki wives" n'akụkụ Kiki Omeili na Katherine Obiang, o mekwara pụta ìhè na usoro "Aunty Caro's bar". Akinbobola kwadoro mmemme Lagos Countdown crossover n'akụkụ Ikponmwosa Osakioduwa na Quest (na 2012) yana Gbenga Adeyinka na Ill-Rhymz (na 2013). Ọ bụ gọọmentị Legọs steeti haziri mmemme a, a na-agbasakwa ya na mba Afrịka.
Ndụ onwe
Ariyike Akinbobola a luo na di wee nwee ụmụ nwoke atọ.
Ihe nrite na nnabata
N'afọ 2012, e nyere Akinbobola onyinye 'Most Promising/Young TV Presenter' nke afọ na Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards (NBMA), Lagos, Nigeria, ma tinyekwa ya n'afọ 2012 na 2013 maka TV presenta kachasị Mma ' na Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards, Lagos, Nigeria. Dabere na ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na 2012.
N'afọ 2013, e nyere Akinbobola ihe nrite enyemaka mmadụ maka ịdị mma sitere na Magic City's Club Flames Merit Awards 2013, Lagos, Nigeria maka ịkwalite, ịkwado na ịgba ume na-abịa.
Emily Greene Balch
thumb|Emily Greene Balch
Ndị na-eme njem nlegharị anya
SustyVibes bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke nwere ìgwè ndị ntorobịa na-elekwasị anya na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Site na nkwado nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo, ọ na-eme mkpọsa na ọrụ gafee ọtụtụ steeti na Naịjirịa na Ghana.
Emily Greene Balch
Emily Greene Balch bụ onye amụrụ na, (Jenụwarị 8, 1867 ruo Jenụwarị 9, 1961) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye na-ahụ n'udo. Balch jikọtara ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na Wellesley College na mmasị ogologo oge na nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị ka ịda ogbenye, ọrụ ụmụaka, na mbata na ọpụpụyana ọrụ obibi iji bulie ndị mbata dara ogbenye ma belata mpụ ụmụaka.
Ndị na-eme njem nlegharị anya
Mgbasa ozi na ọrụ ndị SustyVibes na-eme na-elekwasị anya na nsogbu ụwa na mpaghara dịka mgbanwe ihu igwe, ihu igwe na ahụike uche, mmetọ plastik, eco-feminism, mmepe ndị ntorobịa, na ọdịbendị na-ewu ewu. SustyVibes (mbido maka Sustainability Vibes) na-arụ ọrụ na Lagos, Nigeria.
Emily Greene Balch
Ọ banyere n'ime udo na mmalite Agha Ụwa Mbụ na afọ 1914, wee malite iso Jane Addams nke Chicago rụkọọ ọrụ. Ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) nke dị na Switzerland, nke o ritere ihe nrite Nobel Peace Prize na afọ 1946.
Ndị na-eme njem nlegharị anya
SustyVibes nwere ihe karịrị ndị otu 700 na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo (nke a na-akpọ 'SustyVibers').
Emily Greene Balch
Ndụ
A mụrụ Balch n'ezinụlọ Yankee a ma ama na Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, agbata obi nke Boston, nwa nwanyị nke Francis V. na Ellen (née Noyes) Balch. Nna ya bụ onye ọka iwu na-aga nke ọma na otu oge odeakwụkwọ nke United States Senator Charles Sumner. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bryn Mawr College na afọ 1889 mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na asụsụ ma lekwasị anya na akụ na ụba. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Paris ma bipụta nyocha ya dị ka Public Assistance of the Poor in France (1893). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ụlọ na Boston tupu o kpebie ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ.
Ndị na-eme njem nlegharị anya
N'etiti atụmatụ ndị otu sustyVibes na-eme bụ ịkụ osisi, nhicha obodo, na ọmụmụ ihe agụmakwụkwọ gbasara ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na ndụ na-adịgide adịgide.
Emily Greene Balch
Ndụ
Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard, Mahadum Chicago, na Mahadụ Berlin, wee malite ịkụzi na Wellesley College na afọ 1896. O lekwasịrị anya na mbata, oriri, na ọrụ akụ na ụba nke ụmụ nwanyị. N'afọ 1913, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ nke akụ na ụba na Wellesley, mgbe onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Katharine Coman gbara arụkwaghịm, onye guzobere Ngalaba ahụ. N'otu afọ ahụ, e buliri Balch n'ọkwa site na osote prọfesọ ruo prọfesor nke akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.
Ndị na-eme njem nlegharị anya
Na mgbakwunye na mmemme obodo ya, SustyVibes na-eme nchọpụta na ọrụ nkwado iji mee ka a mara banyere nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na Naịjirịa ma na-atụ aro ngwọta maka iza ha. Nzukọ ahụ esorowo ndị NGO ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-arụkọ ọrụ na atụmatụ dị iche iche. thumb|Nzukọ SustyVibes Street 2022 N'afọ 2022, onye guzobere SustyVibes Jennifer Uchendu gara nzukọ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke United Nations na 2022 na Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. N'afọ 2022, akpọrọ Uchendu otu n'ime 'Top 20 Young Women in Sustainable Development' site n'aka Young Women in sustainable Development.
Emily Greene Balch
Ndụ
Balch jere ozi n'ọtụtụ kọmitii steeti, dị ka kọmitii mbụ na ụgwọ ọrụ kacha nta maka ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ bụ onye ndú nke Women's Trade Union League, nke kwadoro ụmụ nwanyị ndị so n'òtù ndị ọrụ. O bipụtara nnukwu nnyocha mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke Our Slavic Fellow Citizens na afọ 1910.
Ọ bụ onye na-eme udo ogologo oge, ọ bụkwa onye sonyere na Kọmitii Mba Nile nke Henry Ford na Mediation. Mgbe United States banyere n'agha ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide ịdebanye aha na iwu nledo, ma na-akwado nnwere onwe obodo nke ndị jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche. Ya na Jane Addams rụkọtara ọrụ na Women's Peace party na ọtụtụ ìgwè ndị ọzọ.
N'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara onye isi oche nke Wellesley, o dere na anyị kwesịrị ịgbaso "ụzọ Jizọs". Echiche ime mmụọ ya bụ na akụ na ụba America "dị anya na ụkpụrụ Jizọs nke anyị na-ekwupụta". Wellesley College kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na 1919. Balch jere ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke The Nation, magazin a ma ama nke nkọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.
Balch si na Unitarianism gbanwee ma ghọọ Quaker na 1921. O kwuru, sị, "Okpukpe yiri m otu n'ime ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị na ndụ, otu n'etiti ihe mgbagwoju anya, nke kachasị baa ọgaranya na nke na-akpali akpali nke echiche mmadụ na ịkọ nkọ... ahụmịhe okpukpe na echiche chọrọ ìhè kwa ụbọchị na ìhè anyanwụ na ịkọrọ ndị ọzọ nke o yiri m ka ọ dị obere... Ofufe Quaker n'ụzọ kachasị mma yiri ka ọ na-enye m ohere maka ụdị ịkekọrịta a n'enweghị mmetọ. "
Ihe ndị dị mkpa ọ rụzuru ka na-amalite, ka ọ ghọrọ onye ndú America nke òtù udo mba ụwa. N'afọ 1919, Balch rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na International Congress of Women. Ọ gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Women's International League for Peace and Freedom ma dabere na Geneva.
Njikọ ahụ were ya n'ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ mba ụwa mbụ ya, na-elekọta ọrụ nzukọ ahụ. O nyere aka guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ oge okpomọkụ na agụmakwụkwọ udo ma mepụta alaka ọhụrụ n'ihe karịrị mba 50. Ọ kwadoro na Njikọ Mba ndị e guzobere ọhụrụ gbasara nchịkwa ọgwụ ọjọọ, ụgbọelu, ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, na iwepụ ngwá agha. N'Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ kwadoro mmeri ndị Allied ma ọ katọghị mbọ agha ahụ, mana ọ kwadoro ikike nke ndị jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche.
Ihe nrite Nobel
Ọ bụ Florence Paton, Cyril Dumpleton, Cairine Wilson, John Herman Randall, Stanley Knowles, Rudolf Schümperli, John Sturge Stephens, W. J. M. van Eysinga, Lucy Noel-Buxton, Judah Leon Magnes, Agnus MacInnis, Lucas Middleton na ndị prọfesọ iwu iri na isii na ndị omeiwu Finland họpụtara ya.
O ritere ihe nrite Nobel Peace Prize nke 1946 maka ọrụ ya na Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF). O nyere òkè ya nke ego mmeri ahụ na WILPF. Okwu nnabata ya gosipụtara okwu nke ịhụ mba n'anya na mbọ maka udo mba ụwa.
Ndụ onwe onye
Balch alụghị di. Ọ nwụrụ n'ụbọchị ọ gbara afọ iri itoolu na anọ.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
New Yam Festival of the Igbo
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ndi Igbo nọ na mba ofesi na-eme Emume Iwa-Ji na Dublin, Ireland Iwa Ji ọhụrụ ndi Igbo(Orureshi na idoma, Iwa ji, Iri ji or Ike ji, n'ọlumba di iche iche) bụ emume ndi Igbo people na-eme kwa afọ na ngwụcha udu mmiri 'raining season' na mmalite ọnwa Asatọ.
Emume Iwa Ji  (maọbụ "iri ji ọhọọ")  bụ emume a na-eme na mpaghara ọdida anyanwụ nke Afirika 'West Africa (nke kacha na Nigeria na Ghana) nakwa mba Afrika ndi ọzọ 'African countries' ma tinyekwa,  nke na-egosipụta njedebe aghọm ihe ubi nakwa mbido akụm ihe ubi. Emume a n'egosipụta omenala, jikọta ndi Igbo ọnụ dika ndi ọrụ ubi makwa nwee ntụkwasi obi na Ji.
Omenala Igbo
Ji 'Yams' bụ ihe owuwu ihe ubi mbụ 'crop' a na-aghọta bụkwara nke kachasi mkpa na mpaghara a. Ya mere Emume Ji ohụrụ bụ emume nke gosipụtara mkpa Ji di n'Omenala ndi Igbo. N'uhuruchi tupu ubọchi ahụ, a na-eri maọbụ wepụ Ji ochie niile site na afọ gara aga. Nke a bụ n'ihi na e kwenyere na Afọ Ọhụrụ ga-amalite site n'   ihe dị ụtọ kama owuwu ihe ubi ochie nke kara aka  nke afọ gara aga. N'ụbọchi nke na-esota, ihe a na-eri bụ Ji maọbụ nri Ji n'ihi n' Emume a na-egosipụta ihe owuwe ihe ubi n'uju.
Ọ bụ ezie na ụzọ esi eme Emume a nwere ike ịdị iche site n'otu obodo ruo obodo, ihe ndị dị mkpa nke mejupụtara ememme ahụ ka na-adị otu. N'obodo ụfọdụ, Ememme a bụ otu ụbọchị zuru ezu, n'ọtụtụ ebe ọ nwere ike ịbụ otu izu ma ọ bụ karịa. Ememme ndị a na-agụnyekarị ụdị ntụrụndụ na emume dị iche iche, gụnyere omume nke Igwe (Eze), ma ọ bụ okenye, na omenala ndị Igbo, ụmụ nwanyị, na ụmụ ha. Ememme a na-egosi ihe omume omenala Igbo dịka ihe ngosi nke oge a, egwu Mmọnwu di iche iche nakwa ejiji di iche iche. thumb
Emume Iwa-ji
Mgbedum, na mmalite nke ememme a, a na-ebu ụzọ enye ndị chi na ndị nna nna mbụ Ji a tupu  ekesaara ya ndị obodo. Nwoke kachasi okenye di n'obodo ahụ, onye Eze maọbụ onye echiri echichi na-eme Emume a. Nwoke a na-eweta Ji nye Chukwu abiama, '' God,   deities na nna nna ya ancestors'  site n'igosi Chineke ekele maka nchebe ya na obiọma ya na-eduga ha site na oge ruo oge owuwe ihe ubi buru ibu na-enweghị ọnwụ n'ihi agụụ. Mgbe emechara ekpere nke ekele nye Chineke, ha na-eri Ji mbụ n'ihi na-ekwenyere n' ọnọdụ ha nyere ha ohere nke ịbụ ndị na-agbata obodo ha na chi nke ala ahụ. A na-eme ememme ndị a iji gosipụta ekele nke obodo ahụ nye chi maka ime ka ihe ubi ahụ nwee ike ime nke ọma, a na-emekwa nkea  n'agbanyeghị mgbanwe ndị dị ugbu a n'ihi mmetụta nke Iso Ụzọ Kraịst 'Christianity'. Nke a kọwapụtara na ndi Igbo bụ ndi ọkaa omee, ndi okpukperechi nakwa ndi na-enye ekele.
A na-eji ntụrụndụ ama Ụbọchị a oge a na-akọ ihe, a na-ejikwa ya ekesiri ndi agbata obi ọtụtụ ihe ndị enwetara n'ubi. A na-eme ọtụtụ emume n'ụbọchi iri ji ọhụrụ. Otu egwu di iche iche 'Folk dances', Mmanwụ 'masquerades', ijenlemanya 'parades', n'emume ndi mmadụ na-ahụ dika 'nka' na-ezipụta aṅụrị, ekele na ngosipụta di iche iche ndi obodo na-eme.
A na-eji mmanụ nri 'Palm oil' eri Ji ọhụrụ. Iwa ji na 'Asian Mid-Autumn Festival' nwere nyiri, ebe ha abụọ gbakwasara ụkwụ na njem ọnwa 'moon' bụkwara oge owuwe ihe ubi ndi obodo.
Ihe omume a bụ ihe dị mkpa na kalenda nke ndị Igbo nọ n'akụkụ ụwa niile.
Mkpụrụ owuwe ihe ubi Ji na ememme nke ikele  Chineke nke ala site n' ememme Ji ọhụrụ bụ ihe atụ nke nkwenye n'okpukpere chi kachasị elu. Ọbịbịa nke ọnwa ọhụụ n'ọnwa Ọgọst bụ nkwadebe maka ememe "Iri Ji ọhụrụ" dị ukwuu, ma oge n' usoro nkwadebe dịgasị iche iche site n'otu obodo gaa n'obodo.
Ememme nke Iri Ji ọhụrụ bụ emume di ukwuu na-egosipụta nka. Ememe a ma ama bụ ihe ngosi nke mmekọrịta, ịgba egwú, oriri n'ọṅụṅụ, ngosikwa afọ maka ndị obodo, iji mee ka njedebe nke oge ịkọ ihe, ememme ebe ndị mmadụ na-egosipụta ekele ha nye ndị nyere ha aka ịghọ mkpụrụ dị ukwuu n'owuwe ihe ubi.
Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu
Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu A makwaara dị ka MD Yusufu ma ọ bụ MD Yusuf (Ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Novemba, afọ 1931 - ụbọchị mbụ nke ọnwa April afọ 2015) bụ onye uwe ojii Naijiria, Onye isi nyocha nke Ndị uwe ojii Naịjirịa, onye na-ejere ọha ozi na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Yusufu gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu na Ụlọ akwụkwọ Nchịkwa, Zaria n'afọ 1954 na Mahadum Oxford ebe a zụrụ ya dịka onye isi nchịkwa.
Yusufu malitere ọrụ na Ụlọ ọrụ Ikike nwa-afọ Katsina na-eje ozi dị ka onye enyemaka Onyeisi mpaghara na mpaghara Ilorin site n'afọ 1949 ruo afọ 1954. Yusufu rigoro n'ọkwa onye isi nyocha ndị uweojii na Naịjirịa, ọkwa ọ nọrọ site n'afọ 1975 rue afọ 1979 n'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịagha General Murtala Mohammed na Olusegun Obasanjo. A họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke Ụlọ ọrụ ikuku mmanụ ala emere ka ọ ghọrọ  mmiri nke Naịjirịa (NLNG) n'afọ 1994. N'afọ 1998, o debara aha ya maka Ije ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ikpe ziri ezi dịka otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị N'afọ 1999 na 2003, ọ dọrọ ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka onye isi ala na ndoro ndoro ochichi n'okpuru otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Na ntuli aka ndi ochichi obodo nke ọnwa Desemba afọ 1998, otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị a biara nke ano wee merie oche ndi Kansụl iri abuo n'otu nke mba na onye isi oche nke Warri na Delta Steeti, Hadejia na Jigawa Steeti na Bama na Borno.
Yusufu bụ onye isi oche nke LNG Naịjirịa n'afọ 1994, mgbe ndị ọrụ nke otu KBR n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ Halliburton na-arịọ maka nkwekọrịta iji wuo ụlọ mbupụ LNG na asọmpi ha na ụlọ ọrụ US Bechtel. N'akwụkwọ ozi e degaara Yusufu n'ọnwa Septemba nke afọ 1994, Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka mmanụ ala Don Etiebet kwuru na ndị NLNG "etinyela ezigbo nkasi obi n'iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke onyinye nkwekọrịta a na-echere". O lere anya na e nweela mgbe e mebiri izu nzuzo, nke ahụ nwere ike ịbara ndị na-elekọta KBR uru.
N’oge a na-enyocha nyocha gbasara ebubo inara aka azụ KBR, onye ndụmọdụ bi na London, Maazị Jeffrey Tesler kwuru na ya enyela  Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu ụfọdụ ego n'ụdị  nke ikwughachi ụgwọ. Ego a gbapụtara $ puku ir asaa mgbe Yusufu gara London n'afọ 1998 ma ọ bụ afọ 1999. Agbalịrị ime ka onye isi ala US Dick Cheney tinye aka na mkparị nrụrụ aka, nke gụnyere ihe karịrị $ nde Otu narị na iri asatọ nke aka azụ na nnọchite nke ụlọ ọrụ nke Halliburton duziri.
Ọ sonyeere Kansụl mba Naịjirịa na Cameroon(NCNC) n'afọ  1950, yana Otu ọganihu nke ndị ugwu  (NEPU) n'afo 1951, mana ọ hapụrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe ọ banyere na Ije ozi mpaghara ugwu. Na mba nke abụọ mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká site na ndị uwe ojii ọ ghọrọ onye otu People's Redemption Party. Yusufu gosipụtara mmasị ịzọ ọkwa ntuli aka nke Onye isi ala n'okpuru Grassroots Democratic Movement na Naịjirịa n'oge mgbanwe gaa ochichi onye kwuo uche ya nke General Sani Abacha kwalitere n'afọ 1997-1998. Otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nwere nghazi aka ekpe. N'afọ 2000, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Arewa Consultative Forum, otu nzukọ ọdịnala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndu ugwu.
Mgbe e mechara ntuli aka ọnwa Eprel nke afọ 2003, ma Muhammadu Buhari nke ANPP na Yusufu, onye zọrọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke Movement for Democracy and Justice (MDJ), kwụ jọrọ mmeri ntuli aka nke President Obasanjo. Ka osila dị, n'onwa June nke afọ 2003, Yusufu kwuru na ndị e meriri na ntuli aka bụ ndị adịghị njikere ịla ụlọ ikpe kwesịrị ịnabata mmeri ha n'ezi okwukwe.
N’ọnwa Nọvemba nke afọ 2003, Yusufu kwuru na enyemaka onye isi ala Olusegun Obasanjo nyere onyeisiala Liberia a chụpụrụ, Charles Taylor enweghị ike ịgbachitere ya site na ikpe nkwụmọtọ ma ọ bụ nke na-enweghị isi, ya mere na a ga-achụpụ ya.
MD Yusufu nwụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2015 na Abuja.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Category:Ndị zọrọ ọkwa ndị isi nyocha uwe ojii Naịjirịa Òtù:Category:Ndị a mụrụ n'afọ 1931 Òtù:Category:Onyeisi nyocha ndị uwe ojii Òtù:Category:Otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Grassroots Democratic Movement Òtù:Category:Ndi zọrọ ọkwa onye isi ala Naịjirịa Òtù:Category:Ndị Nwụrụ n'afọ 2015
Tebogo Mashego
Tebogo Anna Mashego bụ onye ọchụnta ego South Africa na onye nrụpụta ihe, ọ bụ kwa onye so wee tọọ ntọala ma bụrụ kwa onye isi ọrụ nke Projects Proprietary Limited, ihe nrụpụta ọla na ụlọ ọrụ nrụpụta.
Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Mashego na South Africa na 1982. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Sekete IV na Rustenburg, North West Province, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1998. O mechara lụọ di ma malite ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ mmadụ n'otu obodo.
Ọrụ
Na 2004, Tebogo na di ya guzobere Diep K Steel & Aluminum Proprietary Limited. Tebogo lèkọtàrà azụmaahịa ahụ nwa oge, ebe ọ ka na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ mmadụ maka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ime obodo. Na 2008, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ ya na ime obodo iji jikwaa azụmahịa ya oge niile. N'otu afọ ahụ, di ya hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
Na 2014, e megharịrị ụlọọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụzie Ditsogo Projects Proprietary Limited ma kwaga ụlọọrụ ahụ na mpaghara mmepụta ihe nke Rustenburg. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ nke ụmụ nwanyị nwe nakwa nke ha na-ejikwa kpam kpam. Ndị ọrụ agbakwunyere na ụdị azụmaahịa pụrụ iche a malitere mere ka e nwe mbelata pasent iri abụọ n'ego e ji ahazi ụlọọrụ ahụ.
Mashego na-akwalite mmepụta ihe na-ejikọta ya na nke na-adịgide adịgide, na-ewu ụlọ mmepụta ihe nakwa nkwalite mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ ( United Nations Millennium Development Goal 9 ), na-emepụta mmepụta na oriri na-edozi ahụ ( Sustainable Development Goal 12 ).
Na 2014, Forbes kpọrọ Tebogo Mashego aha n'etiti "Ụmụ nwanyị iri abụọ kacha nta na-enwe ike n'Africa 2014".
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Wayson R. Jones
Wayson R. Jones bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe nke a maara nke ọma màkà ihe osise ya. Ọ bi na Mount Rainier, Maryland, mpaghara Washington, D.C.
Agụmakwụkwọ
Jones bụ ónyé gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1980 na Mahadum Maryland.
Onyinye
Jones bụ ónyé mmeri onyinye 2017 site na Prince Georges County Arts and Humanities Council.
Ntụle
N'afọ 2016, The Baltimore Sun dere na "Wayson R. Jones' "Black President" (2012), ihe osise na-enweghị atụ na ákwà na-etinye graphite ntụ, acrylic medium na gesso nké yiri ka ọ na-emetụta esemokwu, n'ime na n'èzí. Ọzọkwa na 2016, na nyocha nke otu ihe ngosi, The Washington Post gosipụtara eziokwu ahụ bụ na "Otu n'ime onyinye kachasị njọ na nké kachasị dị ịrịba ama bụ Wayson R. Jonesz na-adịghị ahụkebe nkè a sụgharịrị na black-and-white. "
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Gergana Slavcheva
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Edafe Egbedi
Edafe Egbedi (a mụrụ n'abalị̀ ise nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1993) bụ onye Naijiria na-agbara Norrby IF bọọlụ. Ọ bụonye ama ama ọkachasị ị̀nọ̀ na song ụkwụ aka nri.
Ifu Ennada
Iheme Faith Uloma (amụrụ na 23 Julaị [mgbe?]) nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Ifu Ennada bụ onye Naijirịa na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ejiji na onye bụbu onye BBNaija. Ọ bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri, nke a maara maka mmeri AMAA maka Best Young and Promising Actor na ihe nkiri O-Town.
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Ennada na Abia State, Naijirịa mana a zụlitere ya na Lagos. Ọ gụrụ sayensị kọmputa na Mahadum Olabisi Onabanjo ebe ọ nwetara BSc ya. Ọ malitere ọrụ ihe nkiri ya na 2019 na 2016, a họpụtara ya maka Best Young / Promomising Actor na ihe nkiri O-Town na AMAA awards 2016. N'ajụjụ ọnụ nke afọ 2018, ọ kpughere na a wakporo ya n'afọ 2016.
Edafe Egbedi
Ọrụ
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, emere mgbazinye Egbedi nye n'aka AGF na Skive IK maka afọ 2014 fọdụrụnụ.
Ifu Ennada
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
N'afọ 2018, o sonyere na Big Brother Naija game show.
Edafe Egbedi
Ọrụ
Egbedi họọrọ ịkwụsị nkwekọrịta ya na AGF na n'onwa Jenụwarị 2015
Ifu Ennada
Ihe nkiri
O-Town (2015) - Amara
Edafe Egbedi
Ọrụ
Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Landskrona BoIS na Swedish Division nke mbụ na Superettan n'etiti afọ 2017 na afọ̀ 2018.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ifu Ennada
Ihe nkiri
Were nwanyị n'ọrụ (2019) - Jane
The Lost Okoroshi (2019) - Sarafina
Tinsel - Prisca
Obi Na-anọpụ Anya
Ọrịa Na-ewe Maka Gị
Njikọ mpụga
Ifu Ennada at IMDb Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọgbakọ Mba nke Òtù Ụmụ nwaanyị
National Council of Women's Societies, nke a makwaara site na acronym NCWS, bụ nzukọ ụmụ nwaanyị Naijiria na-abụghị nke gọọmenti na nke na-abụghị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke nwere ọwanzirita ozi nke òtù ụmụ nwaanyị nwere onwe ha na Naijiria jikọtara ọnụ iji usoro NCWS iji kwado nsogbu ọdịmma nwoke na nwaanyị na gọọmenti.
Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị katọrọ ya maka mmegide ya na-ekpo ọkụ na nnabata dị mma maka iwu gọọmenti, Justice Nzeakọ, onye bụbu onye isi oche NCWS kwusiri ike na nzukọ ahụ "na-etinye aka na ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka otu nrụgide iji mee ka gọọmenti gbanwee ụzọ ya".
Òtù ndị dị mkpa gbakọtara ọnụ iji guzobe NCWS gụnyere Women's Cultural and Philanthropic Organization na Eastern Nigeria, Women's Improvement Society, Women'S Movement, Nigerian Women's Union na Federation of Women's Societies. N'agbata afọ 1961 na afọ 1962, nzukọ ahụ guzobere alaka mpaghara na Kaduna, Enugwu na Lagos.
N'ime afọ ndị a malitere, NCWS bụ otu ụmụ nwaanyị nwere mmasị ịkwalite mmasị ha na ọdịmma nke ụmụ nwaanyị na-enweghị ihe ùgwù. [1]
Na mbido afọ 1960, NCWS kerele òkè dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite atụmatụ iji mụbaa ntinye aka nke ụmụ nwaanyị na akụ na ụba nke Naịjirịa site na klas ọzụzụ na mmemme akwụmụgwọ. [1] Ndị mmadụ dịka Aduke Alakija na ụmụ nwaanyị ndị ọzọ a ma ama nyere nkuzi akụ na ụba gbasara nkwado onwe onye. Na mbido afọ 1980, mgbe ọnụ ahịa mmanụ dara, NCWS haziri mmemme agụmakwụkwọ akụnaụba maka obodo ụmụ nwaanyị ahịa.
Ihe mgbaru ọsọ NCWS nke imetụta ndụ mba site na itinye aka nke ụmụ nwaanyị emeela ka nzukọ ahụ kwado ikike ụmụ nwaanyị na Northern Nigeria n'oge Republic Mbụ. Na ngwụcha afọ 1950, ọ malitere mkpọsa ikike ịtụ vootu iji kwe ka ụmụ nwaanyị nwee ike ịtụ vootu ma gaa na ndị isi mpaghara dị ka Amadu Belo iji mee ka ọdịmma ndị ahụ dịgide. [1] NCWS tinyekwara aka n'ịkpali ụmụ nwaanyị isonye na usoro ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge Republic nke Atọ dị mkpirikpi.
Ụfọdụ òtù ndị nwere njikọ na NCWS bụ: [1]
Ihe omume pụrụ iche
N'afọ 1985, NCWS malitere ọrụ Vesico Vaginal Fistula na enyemaka nke Ford Foundation. Nzukọ ahụ na-etinye aka na mkpọsa agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ahụike nne na ụmụaka na gọọmenti ime obodo nke gọọmenti etiti ahụ ma tinye aka na nguzobe nke Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria. N'oge mkpọsa onye isi ala nke afọ 2011, gọọmenti kwere nkwa itinye 35% n'ọrụ na nhọpụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ụmụ nwaanyị dịka akụkụ nke nkwa e kwere ụmụ nwaanyị na mba ahụ na NCWS Mgbe ahụ onye isi ala (Kebbi) Haj. Halima Hassan Kamba onye e guzobere na 2022 bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma iji hụ ọganihu na nchekwa nke ụmụ nwaanyị na steeti Kebbi.
Ndịisiala
Ụmụ nwaanyị ndị na-esonụ eduziwo National Council of Women Societies.
N'ime afọ ndị e guzobere, NCWS nwere esemokwu na-emetụta nkewa okpukpe na nke ala, nkwado gọọmenti na nkwado nke iwu gọọmenti ụfọdụ dịka mmemme siri ike nke nchịkwa Onye isi ala Shehu Shagari na nsogbu nke ndị na-ere ahịa n'okporo ámá. Okwu ego emeela ka ụfọdụ ndị otu na-akatọ NCWS. Ruo ogologo oge, gọọmenti etiti na nke steeti nyere NCWS ego enyemaka nke nyere ohere ka nzukọ ahụ wuo isi ụlọ ọrụ mba na Abuja ma nwee ụlọ ahịa na Victoria Island, Lagos. [1] Mmekọrịta ego a emeela ka NCWS ghara ịkatọ ụfọdụ omume gọọmenti dịka ịkagbu usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na 1993 afọ ole na ole mgbe ọ gbasịrị ụmụ nwaanyị ka ha pụta ma sonye na usoro ntuli aka. [2]
Ebe e si nweta ya
Òtù:Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria
Asụsụ Mangbutu
A na-asụ asụsụ Mangbutu na Watsa Territory.
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mgbasa nke gas site na ebe a na-ewepụta mmanụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụsọ mmiri mgbe mmanụ na-awụfu. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nchịkọta nke [[Mmetọ plastik|ihe mkpofu plastik n'ụsọ osimiri.]] Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala dị ukwuu ma gbasaa n'ihi mmanụ ala nwere ọtụtụ ojiji. Mmanụ crude na gas bụ isi ike na akụrụngwa nke na-enyere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na akụnụba ụwa aka. Ọbịbịa ha etoola ngwa ngwa n'ime afọ 150 gara aga iji gboo ihe ndị mmadụ na-arị elu ngwa ngwa, imepụta ihe, ihe ọmụma na ịzụ ahịa.
A na-emepụta nnukwu ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na nke na-adịghị egbu egbu n'oge mmịpụta, nhazigharị, na njem nke mmanụ na gas. Ụfọdụ ihe ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta, dị ka ogige organic na-agbanwe agbanwe, nitrogen & sulfur ogige, na mmanụ a wụfuru nwere ike imerụ ikuku, mmiri, na ala n'ọkwa ndị na-emerụ ndụ n'ebe a na-ejikwa ya n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Okpomọkụ ihu igwe, acidification nke oké osimiri, na ịrị elu ọkwa oke osimiri bụ mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụta ikuku griin haus dị ka carbon dioxide (CO2) na methane, na micro-particulate aerosols dị ka carbon ojii.
N'ime ihe niile mmadụ na-eme, ọkụ ọkụ fossil bụ ihe kacha enye aka n'ịkwalite carbon na-aga n'ihu na biosphere nke ụwa. The International Energy Agency na ndị ọzọ na-akọ na mmanụ & gas ojiji mejupụtara n'elu 55% (18 Ijeri Ton) nke ndekọ 32.8 Billion Ton (BT) nke CO2 wepụtara n'ime ikuku si niile ike isi mmalite n'oge afọ 2017. Coal ojiji gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime 45% fọdụrụnụ. Mkpokọta mpụta na-aga n'ihu na-arị elu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ọ bụla: gbagoro 1.7% ọzọ ruo 33.1 BT na 2018.
Site na ọrụ nke ya, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala nyere aka ozugbo ihe dịka 8% (2.7 BT) nke 32.8 BT na 2017. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi ebumnuche ya na mwepụta nke gas ndị ọzọ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nyere aka ozugbo ma ọ dịkarịa ala Nde Tọn 79 nke methane (2.4). BT CO2-dabara) n'otu afọ ahụ; ego ruru ihe dị ka 14% nke ihe niile ama ama anthropogenic na ikuku ikuku nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ.
Tinyere mmanụ ọkụ dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala na gas sitere n'okike, mmanụ ala na-enyere ọtụtụ kemịkalụ na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa aka, dị ka fatịlaịza na plastik. Ọtụtụ teknụzụ ndị ọzọ maka mmepụta ike, njem, na nchekwa nwere ike ime naanị n'oge a n'ihi uru dị iche iche. Nchekwa, arụmọrụ, na ibelata mmetụta mkpofu nke ngwaahịa mmanụ ala bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị irè na omume ndị na-azụ ahịa iji nweta nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi ka mma.
Ihe ndị na-egbu egbu
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mmanụ ala nwere ike ịmepụta ìhè n'elu mmiri dị ka obere ihe na-emepụta ihe a na'ahụ anya a kpọrọ interphase. Mmanụ ala bụ ngwakọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọtụtụ ihe. Ihe ndị a gụnyere eriri ogologo, alaka, cyclic, aromatic monocyclic na polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Enwere ike ịghọta nsi nke mmanụ site na iji ikike nsí ma ọ bụ nsí nke akụkụ mmanụ ọ bụla nke ọ bụla na mmiri solubility nke akụkụ ahụ. Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ enwere ike iji tụọ nsí nke mmanụ crude na ngwaahịa mmanụ ala ndị ọzọ metụtara. Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-enyocha ọkwa nsi nwere ike iji ụdị lipid lekwasịrị anya ma ọ bụ nyocha colorimetric na-eji agba agba iji chọpụta nsi na biodegradability.
Mmanụ dị iche iche na ngwaahịa mmanụ ala nwere ọkwa dị iche iche nke nsị. Ọkwa nke toxicity na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe dị ka ihu igwe, solubility, yana kemịkal dị ka nnọgidesi ike. Mmụba ihu igwe na-achọ ibelata ọkwa nke nsi ka a na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-agbaze ma na-adị ala. Ihe ndị na-agbaze nke ukwuu na-enwekarị nsí dị elu karịa ihe ndị na-adịghị ike na mmiri. Na mkpokọta, mmanụ nwere agbụ carbon ogologo yana nke nwere mgbanaka benzene nwere oke nsi. Benzene bụ ngwaahịa mmanụ ala nwere oke nsi. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-abụghị benzene nke na-egbu egbu bụ toluene, methylbenzene na xylenes (BETX). Ihe ndị nwere nsi kacha ala bụ mmanụ crude na mmanụ moto.
Benzene dị na mmanụ crude na mmanụ ụgbọala ma mara na ọ na-ebute ọrịa leukemia na ụmụ mmadụ. A makwa na ogige ahụ na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha n'ime mmadụ, nke ga-eme ka ndị mmadụ kpughee ya ka ọ na-ebute ọrịa. "Nnyocha ejikọtawo mkpughe benzene n'ime akụkụ nke otu ijeri (ppb) na njedebe ọrịa leukemia, lymphoma Hodgkin, na ọrịa ndị ọzọ nke ọbara na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ n'ime afọ 5-15 nke ikpughe."
Gas fosil na mmanụ na-enwekarị obere ihe redioaktivu nke a na-ewepụta n'oge a na-egwupụta akụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ihe ndị a na brine bụ ihe gbasara nkà na ụzụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Gas nke griin haus
Carbon dioxide emissions and partitioning    Emissions of CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2 have been caused by different sources ramping up one after the other (Global Carbon Project)    Partitioning of CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2 emissions show that most emissions are being absorbed by carbon sinks, including plant growth, soil uptake, and ocean uptake (Global Carbon Project)     Mwepụta mmanụ ala na-akpaghasị nguzozi nke okirikiri carbon nke ụwa site na ibuga carbon geologic sequestered n'ime biosphere. A na-eji carbon nke ndị na-azụ ahịa mee ihe n'ụdị dị iche iche na nnukwu akụkụ na-agbakọta n'ime ikuku; si otú a na-ekepụta nnukwu ikuku griin haus, carbon dioxide, dị ka ihe na-emebi emebi. Gas sitere n'okike (karịsịa methane) bụ ụlọ griin haus na-esiwanye ike mgbe ọ na-agbaba n'ikuku tupu agba ya ọkụ.
Kemgbe afọ ụlọ ọrụ malitere ihe dịka 1750-1850 site na iji osisi na-eto eto na kol, ikuku ikuku nke carbon dioxide na methane abawanyela ihe dịka 50% na 150%, n'otu n'otu, karịa ọkwa ha kwụsiri ike nke afọ 800,000+ gara aga. Nke ọ bụla na-abawanye ugbu a na ihe dịka 1% kwa afọ, ebe ọ bụ na ihe dị ka ọkara nke carbon agbakwunyere ka ahịhịa ala ụwa na imi mmiri na-abanye n'ime ya. Mmụba na-esi n'ọkụ kwa afọ adịla ngwa ngwa nke na mkpokọta carbon fossil ewepụtara n'ime afọ 30 gara aga karịrị mkpokọta ego ewepụtara n'oge akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ niile.
Microplastics
thumb|Microplastics na Mljet National Park, Croatia Mmanụ ala emeela ka plastik nwee ike iji mepụta ụdị dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe eji eme ihe na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị oke ala. Ọnụego uto kwa afọ na mmepụta adịla nso 10%, ma na-ebute ya nke ukwuu site na plastik ndị a na-eji otu eme ihe bụ nke mkpofu na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na-adịkarị.
A naghị emegharị ihe ka ukwuu n'ime plastik, ọ na-agbajikwa n'ime obere iberibe na obere ka oge na-aga. Microplastics bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe na-erughị 5 mm n'ogo. A na-ahụta microplastics n'ụdị ikuku, mmiri, na ala nke anakọtara site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọ bụla dị n'elu ụwa, yana na-abawanye n'ime ihe nlele nke ndụ. Mmetụta na-adịte aka site n'ịkwalite gburugburu ebe mkpofu rọba nọ n'okpuru nyocha sayensị mana ka ọ dị ugbu a amabeghị ya. Microplastics na-enwe nchegbu n'ihi na ha nwere ọchịchọ nke na-eme ka ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ dị n'elu ha, yana ikike ịmepụta ihe. thumb|Enwere ike ịchọta microplastics n'oké osimiri na ebe obibi mmiri. Mgbe ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-echikọta irighiri ihe, ha na-ejedebe na anụ ahụ dị ka gland digestive, sistem ọbara, gills na guts. Mgbe a na-eri ihe ndị a ma na-ebuli elu n'usoro nri, ha na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ dị n'ihe ize ndụ dị n'ebe ihe ndị dị ndụ buru ibu na n'ikpeazụ mmadụ. Microplastics nwere ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ nye ihe dị iche iche. A maara ha na-akpaghasị nri algal, na-abawanye ọnwụ na obere ọmụmụ na copepods. N'ime mọsel, a maara microplastics na-akwụsị nzacha ma kpalite nzaghachi mkpali. A ka enwekwaghị data na otú ihe ndị a si emetụta ụmụ mmadụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-agbapụta tupu erichapụ ha. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, a na-edepụta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ha nke ọma na a ghọtara oke mmebi ha nke ọma.
Mmetụta mpaghara na mpaghara
Ụfọdụ mmetụta mmanụ ala na-emerụ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ naanị na mpaghara ebe a na-emepụta ya, rie ya na/ma ọ bụ tụfuo ya. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, enwere ike ibelata mmetụta ahụ gaa n'ọkwa dị mma mgbe ndị na-azụ ahịa na-eme ojiji na mkpofu. Ndị na-emepụta ngwaahịa dị iche iche nwere ike ibelata mmetụta ya site na ntule usoro ndụ na omume nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi.
Mmetọ ikuku
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|283x283px|Mmanụ diesel si n'ụgbọala
Mkpochapụ ikuku
Mgbapụta sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na-eme n'usoro ọ bụla nke usoro mmepụta mmanụ site na mmịpụta ruo oge oriri. N'ime oge mmịpụta, ikuku ikuku na ọkụ na-ahapụ ọ bụghị naanị methane na carbon dioxide, mana ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ emerụ dị ka nitrous oxides na aerosols. Ụfọdụ sitere na ngwaahịa gụnyere carbon monoxide na methanol. Mgbe mmanụ ma ọ bụ mmanụ distillates na-agba ọkụ, ọ na-abụkarị combustion anaghị ezu ezu, mmeghachi omume kemịkal na-ahapụkwa ngwaahịa ndị na-abụghị mmiri ma ọ bụ carbon dioxide. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe, e nwere ọdịiche dị na ọnụọgụ na ntinye nke ụfọdụ mmetọ. Na nhazi nke mmanụ ala na-enyekwa aka na mmetọ dị ukwuu n'ime ime obodo. Mmụba nke mmetọ a nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na ahụike mmadụ n'ihi nsị mmanụ. Ihe ọmụmụ na-enyocha mmetụta nke ụlọ ọrụ nnụcha mmanụ na Taiwan. Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na mmụba nke ịmụ nwa na-amụbabeghị n'ime ndị nne bi na nso ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ọkụ karịa ndị nne na-ebighị ebe a na-eme mmanụ. E nwekwara ndịiche a hụrụ na oke mmekọahụ na nha ọmụmụ nke ụmụaka. Ọzọkwa, ụmụ irighiri ihe dị mma nke soot na-agbaji ngụgụ ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ ma na-akpata nsogbu obi ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. Soot bụ ọrịa cancer na-akpata (carcinogenic)
Ntinye Uzuoku
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) bụ gas ma ọ bụ vapors nke ihe siri ike na mmiri dị iche iche na-ebupụta. Mmiri hydrocarbons dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, mmanụ dizel, ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-abanye n'ime oghere dị n'ime ụlọ site na tankị nchekwa ala ma ọ bụ ebe agba aja aja na-eyi nchekwa egwu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe mgbawa) ma na-ebute mmetụta ahụike dị njọ site na iku ume.
Mmiri ozuzo acid
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Osisi ndị mmiri ozuzo acid gburu, mmetụta na-achọghị nke mmanụ ala na Usoro mgba ọkụ nke mmanụ ala, coal na osisi na-akpata mmụba nke mmiri ozuzo acid. Mkpọ ọkụ na-ebute mmụba nke nitrous oxide, yana sọlfọ dioxide sitere na sọlfọ dị na mmanụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-ejikọta na mmiri dị na ikuku iji mepụta mmiri ozuzo acid. Mmụba nke nitrates na ihe ndị ọzọ acidic nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọkwa pH nke mmiri ozuzo. Nyocha data sitere na United States na Europe site na 100 afọ gara aga wee gosi mmụba nke nitrous oxide na-esi na combustion. Ihe ndị a na-awụpụ buru ibu zuru oke iji mee ka mmiri ozuzo na-ezo. Mmiri acid na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ na gburugburu ebe obibi buru ibu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri ozuzo acid nwere ike igbu osisi, ma nwee ike igbu azụ site na ọdọ mmiri na-eme acidity. Mmiri acid na-ebibikwa akuku coral. Mmiri mmiri acid na-edugakwa na nrụrụ igwe na ihe owuwu (ọtụtụ isi obodo) yana ibibi ngwa ngwa nke ihe owuwu ihe ochie dị ka mkpọmkpọ ebe marble nke Rome na Gris.
Mmanụ na-awụfu
Mwụfu mmanụ bụ ntọhapụ nke mmiri mmiri hydrocarbon na gburugburu ebe obibi, karịsịa mpaghara mmiri, n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ, na bụ ụdị mmetọ. A na-ejikarị okwu ahụ eme ihe maka mwụfu mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri, ebe a na-ahapụ mmanụ n'ime oke osimiri ma ọ bụ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, mana mwụfu nwere ike ime na ala. Mwụfu mmanụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ntọhapụ nke mmanụ cru na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri, ọkpọkọ, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na olulu mmiri, yana mwụfu nke ngwaahịa mmanụ ala a nụchara anụcha (dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, mmanụ dizel) na ihe ndị ha na-emepụta, mmanụ ọkụ dị arọ nke ejiri mee ihe. nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri dị ka mmanụ ọkụ boker, ma ọ bụ ntufu nke ihe mkpofu mmanu ma ọ bụ mmanụ na-emebi emebi.
Nnukwu mwụfu mmanụ gụnyere, Lakeview Gusher, mmanụ wụfuru agha Gulf, na mwụfu mmanụ Deepwater Horizon. Mwụfu mmanụ penetrates n'ime Ọdịdị nke plumage nke nnụnụ na ajị anụ mammals, mbenata ya insulating ike, na-eme ka ha ndị ọzọ ngwangwa okpomọkụ fluctuation na ukwuu na-erughị buoyant na mmiri. Nhicha na mgbake site na mwụfu mmanụ siri ike ma dabere n'ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere ụdị mmanụ a wụfuru, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke mmiri (na-emetụta evaporation na biodegradation), na ụdị ụsọ mmiri na osimiri ndị metụtara. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmetọ ogologo oge bụ ntinye aka na-aga n'ihu nke nsị mmanụ mmanụ na ọnụego nke gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịsacha onwe ya Ntufu nwere ike were izu, ọnwa ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ afọ iji kpochaa.
Mmanụ a na-emebi emebi
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mmanụ mkpofu n'ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala Mmanụ na-ekpofu ihe bụ mmanụ nwere ọ bụghị naanị ngwaahịa mmebi kamakwa adịghị ọcha sitere na ojiji. A na-eji ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke mmanụ mkpofu mmanụ dị ka mmanụ hydraulic, mmanụ nnyefe, mmiri breeki, mmanụ moto, mmanụ crankcase, mmanụ igbe gia na mmanụ sịntetik. Ọtụtụ n'ime otu nsogbu ndị metụtara mmanụ ala na-adị na mmanụ mkpofu. Mgbe mmanụ na-efunahụ ụgbọ ala na-awụpụ injin n'okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ, mmanụ ahụ na-abanye na tebụl mmiri na-ebute nsị ndị dị ka benzene. Nke a na-emebi ma ala na mmiri ọñụñụ. Mgbọ mmiri nke oké ifufe na-ebuga mmanụ n'efu n'ime osimiri na oke osimiri, na-emerụkwa ha ahụ.
Mmiri a na-emepụta na ihe mkpofu a ga-egwu
thumb|Ebe Mmanụ Ala nke North Sea Mmiri emepụtara (PW) na-esi na mmịpụta mmanụ ala pụta na ikuku PAH (Poly-aromatic Hydrocarbon) na oke osimiri. A na-ewepụta ihe dị ka nde tọn 400 nke mkpofu PW kwa afọ site na mpaghara mmanụ dị na Oke Osimiri North, UK na Norwegian na-agbakọta. Mwepu PW bụ ihe omume kachasị na gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri na ọ bụ nsonaazụ mmanụ na gas dị n'ụsọ mmiri. Ngwakọta nke ihe dị na PW dabere na njirimara mpaghara. Agbanyeghị, PW na-enwekarị ngwakọta nke ngwaahịa ole na ole ahọpụtara dị ka mmiri nrụpụta, mmanụ, gas, mmiri brine na kemịkalụ agbakwunyere. Dị nnọọ ka PW, nhazi mmiri mejupụtara na-adaberekwa na gburugburu ya n'agbanyeghị, ọ bụ tumadi mejupụtara agbaze inorganic na organic ogige. PW na-ahụ maka ịhapụ 129 tọn PAH na 2017. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke kemịkalụ na-emerụ ahụ na PW, ọ bụ ya na-ebute nzaghachi na-egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nyocha ndị e mere na Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) chọpụtara na PAH ndị PW wepụtara bụ maka mgbanwe ndụ na mussel na Atlantic cod. Nhazi nke ibu PAH kpatara mmebi DNA na digestive-gland histochemistry na mussel. PAH na-ebutekwa ahụike mmadụ egwu. Ejikọtala mkpughe ogologo oge na PAH na usoro nsogbu ahụike dị ka ngụgụ, akpụkpọ ahụ, eriri afo, kansa eriri afọ.
Mgbanwe ihu igwe
Ihe na-esi na mmịpụta, nchacha, njem, na oriri mmanụ ala ebutela mgbanwe n'ọkwa ikuku ikuku griin ha na gburugburu anyị, nke kachasị mkpa anyị na-ewepụta carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide bụ ikuku griin haus nke na-adọta okpomọkụ iji mee ka okpomọkụ nke ụwa anyị ghara ịka oyi mana oke carbon dioxide dị n'ikuku anyị sitere na ihe ndị dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala ebutela enweghị aha. Onye Sweden Nobel chemist Svante Arrhenius kere usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke gosipụtara mmụba nke nsonaazụ carbon dioxide na-abawanye na oke okpomọkụ. Ọzọkwa, ihe ndị a na-esi n'ọkụ dị elu nke ukwuu na IPCC (2007) na-ekwu na usoro ihu igwe nke ụwa ga-ekpo ọkụ site na 3 degrees Celsius maka okpukpu abụọ nke carbon dioxide. Ọnụọgụ ndị a na-enye nsogbu n'ihi na mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-ebute oke ifufe na oke mmiri ozuzo, ụbara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ebili mmiri okpomọkụ, idei mmiri na-emekarị, na ọkụ ọkụ ka ukwuu. Maka obodo ndị na-enweghị ego na-enweghị akụrụngwa na-ezughị ezu, ọ na-adịkarịghị ka ha ga-agbake site na mmebi akụrụngwa n'ihi ọdachi ihu igwe ngwa ngwa.
Ocean acidification
Na-esochi okirikiri carbon, carbon dioxide na-abanye n'oké osimiri anyị ebe ọ na-emeghachi omume na ụmụ irighiri mmiri ma mepụta ihe a na-akpọ carbonic acid. Mmụba nke carbonic acid agbadala pH nke oke osimiri anyị, na-ebute ụbara acidity. Kemgbe mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ, mmalite nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala, pH nke oke osimiri anyị agbadala site na 8.21 ruo 8.10. O nwere ike ọ gaghị adị ka nke ukwuu mana mgbanwe a na-egosi mmụba 30% na acidity nke butere ọtụtụ nsogbu maka ndụ oké osimiri anyị. Ka oke osimiri anyị na-aga n'ihu na-agbaze acidify enwere obere ion carbonate dị maka ịgbakọ nke pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-esiri ike iwulite ma na-edobe shells na ọkpụkpụ ha. Dabere na ọkwa carbon dioxide anyị ugbu a, oke osimiri anyị nwere ike ịnwe ọkwa pH nke 7.8 na njedebe nke narị afọ a.
Nkwado enyemaka
Obodo ụmụ mmadụ nke oge a na-eji ike dị ọnụ ala na nnukwu ume iji kwalite uto akụ na ụba na ịkwado nkwụsi ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na ụlọ ọrụ akụ na ụba gburugburu ụwa na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ma na-ebuli mmanụ ọkụ maka ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị na-emepụta ihe site n'inye ụdị nkwado ego dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ndị a gụnyere ụdị enyemaka ọdịnala dị ka ịkwụ ụgwọ ozugbo, mmasị ụtụ isi, ohere mbelata, onyinye nyocha na mmepe, na iwepụ ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi dị. N'ịtụle ụdị nkwado niile, enyemaka kachasị ukwuu maka mmanụ ọkụ sitere na ọdịda nke gọọmentị ịfefe ọtụtụ ego sitere na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ nke ihe mkpofu.
Akaụntụ nke International Energy Agency na OECD na-egosi na enyemaka ọdịnala n'ụwa niile ruru ihe dịka $400–600 Ijeri kwa afọ n'ime afọ 2010–2015, wee nọrọ nso $400 Ijeri n'afọ 2018 na 40% na-aga mmanụ. N'ịtụnyere, otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na International Monetary Fund na-eme atụmatụ na nkwado niile na-enye ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ọkụ ruru ihe dị ka ijeri $5.2 Trillion (6.4% nke mkpokọta ụlọ zuru ụwa ọnụ) n'ime afọ 2017. Ndị enyemaka kacha ukwuu bụ China, United States, Russia, European Union, na India bụ ndị jikọtara ọnụ ruru 60% nke ngụkọta.
Dị ka echiche nke asọmpi ahịa dị mma si dị, ọnụ ahịa ziri ezi nwere ike ime ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ na nhọrọ ndị ahịa na-ebelata ihe mkpofu na ụkọ ogologo oge. Ịwepụ ego enyemaka na itinye ego carbon iji ghọta ọnụ ahịa ziri ezi ga-enwe mmetụta ya kpọmkwem site n'akụkụ ndị na-enye ụlọ ọrụ. N'ụzọ dị iche, ebumnobi nke ụfọdụ ụtụ isi carbon na usoro ịzụ ahịa carbon bụ iji mejupụta izi ezi ọnụahịa sitere n'akụkụ oriri.
Nchekwa na iwepụ ya
Ọtụtụ mba n'ofe ụwa nwere enyemaka na amụma e mere iji belata ojiji mmanụ ala na mmanụ ọkụ. Ọmụmatụ gụnyere China nke gbanwere site n'inye enyemaka maka mmanụ ọkụ na-enye nkwado maka ume ọhụrụ. Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Sweden bụ onye mepụtara iwu nke emebere ka emechaa kwụsị iji mmanụ ala, nke a maara dị ka atụmatụ afọ 15. Atumatu ndị a nwere uru ha na ihe ịma aka ha na mba ọ bụla enweela ahụmịhe dị iche iche. Na China, a hụrụ uru dị mma na sistemu ike n'ihi oke enyemaka ume ọhụrụ n'ụzọ atọ. O mere ka oriri ike dị ọcha n'ihi ịkwaga maka isi mmalite dị ọcha. Nke abuo, o nyere aka n'ịbawanye arụmọrụ na nke atọ o dozie okwu nke nkesa na oriri na-ezighị ezi. Agbanyeghị, site n'ahụmahụ ndị China, enwere nsogbu ndị a hụrụ. Ihe ịma aka ndị a gụnyere ihe ịma aka akụ na ụba dịka uru akụ na ụba na mbụ dị ala maka enyemaka sitere na ume ọhụrụ karịa mmanụ. Ihe ịma aka ndị ọzọ gụnyere ọnụ ahịa nyocha na mmepe dị elu, ejighị n'aka nke ọnụ ahịa yana itinye ego nwere ike ịdị oke egwu. Ihe ndị a na-eme ka mmepe nke ume ọhụrụ dabere na nkwado gọọmentị. Agbanyeghị, ebumnuche nke iwepụ mmanụ ọkụ na iji mmanụ mmanụ nwekwara ike weta uru akụ na ụba dị ka itinyekwu ego. Atụmatụ a nwere ike inye aka nweta ebumnuche ọha dịka ọmụmaatụ mbelata mmetọ nke nwere ike ịtụgharị gaa na nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike ka mma.
Clotilde Essiane
Clotilde Essiane aka Junior (amụrụ n'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1985) bụ ónyé Cameroon na-akụ ọkpọ, onye na-eme egwuregwu ọgụ na ónyé na-agba bọọlụ lara ezumike nká, onye bi na Johannesburg, South Africa ugbu a.
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala
Nchekwa na iwepụ ya
Nhọrọ ọzọ maka ichekwa ume na ịkwụsị iji mmanụ mmanụ bụ ịnakwere teknụzụ ọhụrụ iji bulie arụmọrụ. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye mgbanwe usoro mmepụta na ụdị njem.
Clotilde Essiane
Ọrụ klọb
Essiane gbara goolu iri na asaa màkà otu Cameroon TKC n'afọ 2004. N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2006, e debara aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka ónyé egwuregwu màkà klọb Equatorial Guinean Las Vegas.
Tamara Natalie Madden
Tamara's Natalie Madden (16 Ọgọstụ 1975 na 4 Nọvemba 2017) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na Jamaica na onye na-eme ihe nkírí na mgbasa ozi na-arụ ọrụ ma na-ebi na United States. Ihe osise Madden bụ ihe atụ nke isiokwu ya bụ ndị bi n'Afrịka.
Clotilde Essiane
Ọrụ mba ụwa
Essiane na-aga igwu egwu màkà ndị otu mba Cameroon na 2004 African Women's Championship, mana ọ hapụrụ ya n'ihi ọnya n'apata ụkwụ aka ekpe ya. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Equatorial Guinea mere ya ka ọ bụrụ nwa amaala ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ màkà otu mba ya.
Tamara Natalie Madden
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Madden na St. Andrew, Jamaica. Ọ kwagara America site na Jamaica na-adịgide adịgide mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ọtụtụ mahadum gụnyere Mahadum nke Wisconsin Sinilovukee. N'afọ 1997, Madden dara ọrịa IgA nephropathy. Mgbè ọ na-arịa ọrịa, Madden chọtara nka ọzọ. Art nyeere ya aka ịgwọ ọrịa mmetụta uche, ya mere o kpebiri na ọ dị mkpa ịchụso ya. Ọ natara nkwonkwo akụrụ site n'aka nwanne ya nwoke n'afọ 2001, wee sonye na ngosi nka mbụ ya n'otu afọ ahụ. Ihe ngosi mbụ ya n'onwe ya bụ na 2004, ọ mekwara ka ya na James Auer nke Milwaukee Journal Sentinel gbaa ajụjụ ọnụ.
Clotilde Essiane
Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa
Ntinye na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Equatorial Guinea nke mbụ
Ọrụ mixed martial arts
N'afọ 2016, Essiane meriri Bunmi Ojewole si Naịjirịa na Rushda Mallick na Ansie Van Der Marwe, ha abụọ si South Africa.
Tamara Natalie Madden
Akụkọ ndụ
Mgbè ngosi nke onwé ya gasịrị na 2004, Madden kwagara nso Atlanta, Georgia. Ọ zutere ndị nkuzi ya Charly "Carlos" Palmer na WAK (Kevin A Williams) Mgbè ọ bi na Atlanta. N'afọ 2007, Madden wepụtara usoro akpọrọ, "Kings & Queens", nke lekwasịrị ányá n'ịkwalite onye kwa ụbọchị. Ọrụ ya nọgidere na-elekwasị anya n'ịmata ịdị elu, nsọpụrụ, na nkwanye ùgwù n'ime ndị ọha mmadụ na-elegharakarị anya. Enwere ike ile ndị ọ na-achị ányà dị ka ndị bara ọgaranya na ndị dị ike, mana màkà ónyé na-ese ihe, ihe oyiyi ahụ na-anọchite anya ike nke na-apụta n'ime. thumb|The Black Queen (2010) nke Tamara Natalie Madden dere "Dị ka ọrụ Gustav Klimt, Madden yi uwe chi nwanyị ahụ na uwe ejiji siri ike nke nwéré njikọ doro ányá na nka na ọrụ aka na ntọala ya nke ịkwado nka nke ndị mmadụ mere màkà ndị mmadụ. Akpụkpọ uwe pụrụ iche nke uwe ahụ na-eme ka ónyé na-eyi ya dị iche mgbè ọ na-emetụta mmetụta nke ụlọ na nke ọrụ nkịtị. Tụkwasị na nke a, ojiji Madden na-eji agba na ọla edo eme ihe na-enye ndị ọ na-achị ndụ nke ha na-enwetụbeghị.
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala
Mgbanwe nke isi iyi ike ndị ọzọ
Iji ethanol dabere na ọka nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọzọ maka iji mmanụ ala. Otú ọ dị, ọmụmụ ndị kwubiri na ethanol dabeere ọka na-eji obere ike net adịghị etinye aka na ngwaahịa mmepụta. Teknụzụ ọka-ethanol dị ugbu a dị obere mmanụ ala karịa mmanụ ụgbọala mana nwere ọkwa ikuku GHG yiri mmanụ ụgbọala. Amụma amabeghị nke ọma ihe mgbanwe ikuku GHG ga-abụ site na ịnakwere ethanol dabere na ọka maka biodiesel. Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-akọ na mmụba 20% na ikuku GHG na ụfọdụ na-akọ mbelata 32%. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ mbelata 13% nke ikuku GHG nke na-abụghị mbelata dị ukwuu. Ọdịnihu nke biodiesel nwere ike ịbụ teknụzụ cellulose ethanol iji mepụta biodiesel n'ihi na teknụzụ ahụ ga-enye aka na mbelata nke ikuku.
Clotilde Essiane
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tamara Natalie Madden
Akụkọ ndụ
Madden biri ma rụọ ọrụ na mpaghara Atlanta ma bụrụ prọfesọ nka márá mma na Spelman College. Izu abụọ mgbe a chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa ọrịa kansa nke anọ, Madden nwụrụ. O nwèrè otu nwa nwanyị. Nwanne ya nwoke nke obérè, Woolie Madden Jr. - ónyé bụbu ónyé otu YouTube Super Best Friends Play - sọpụrụ ọnwụ ya site n'inweta egbugbu azụ dabere na nka ya.]