cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Edwina Hart
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
A mụrụ Hart ma zụlite ya na Gowerton, Swansea, ebe ọ gara Gowerton Girls' Grammar School. Ọ na-enwe mmasị karịsịa na Bekee na Egwú ma ghọọ onye otu National Youth Orchestra of Wales. Taa Edwina na ezinụlọ ya bi na Gowerton; o nwere otu nwa nwanyị.
Ọrụ ọkachamara
Hart rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ akụ, ebe ọ malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike n'òtù ndị ọrụ. N'ihi ọrụ a, a họpụtara ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ bụ onye isi oche nke Banking, Insurance and Finance Union, na-eje ozi site na 1992 ruo 1994. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke Wales TUC (dị ka di ya, Bob Hart, mere n'afọ ọzọ). Hart mechara nata MBE maka ọrụ Trade Union. N'afọ 1998, Edwina jere ozi dị ka onye otu Broadcasting Council for Wales ma nọrọ na bọọdụ nke Wales Millennium Centre. Ọ nọdụrụ na Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ọrụ, ọ bụ onye otu South West Wales Economic Forum na onye nduzi nke Chwarae Teg. Edwina bụ onye otu T&GWU na Community yana onye otu Amicus.
Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
A họpụtara Hart ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu mbụ na 35.4% nke votu na 1999 maka mpaghara Gower. Ọ ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ ego mbụ nke Nzukọ ahụ. N'afọ 2000, a gbanwere nke a iji tinye ọrụ maka gọọmentị ime obodo ma ọ ghọrọ Minista na-ahụ maka ego na gọọmentị mpaghara.
A họpụtara ya ọzọ na Nzukọ nke Abụọ n'afọ 2003, na-eme ka ihe ka ọtụtụ ya ruo 5688 (+ 8.2%) na 43.60% nke votu. Mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, ọ malitere ọrụ ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha na eze nke e mepụtara ọhụrụ wee bụrụ Minista mbụ nke Nzukọ ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na Mịnịsta Regeneration, onye ọrụ ya gụnyere nchekwa obodo, ikpe ziri ezi, mmekọrịta ndị uwe ojii, ọrụ ọkụ, mmanya na ọgwụ ọjọọ, akụ na ụba ọha na eze, mgbochi ịda ogbenye, ụlọ, ụlọ ọha na eze na ngalaba afọ ofufo, okwu metụtara mgbaba na ọpụpụ, njikọ maka ndị agha na Wales, mmelite nke obodo, na mmepe.
N'afọ 2004, n'ọrụ ya dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi, Hart nyere iwu ka e dee akụkọ onwe ya banyere ọrụ ebere All Wales Ethnic Minority Association. Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na ọ dịghị ọrụ ọhụrụ a ga-enye ego ruo mgbe AWEMA gosipụtara ọrụ na njikwa arụmọrụ ka mma, nakwa na n'ihi ya, AWEMA kwesịrị ịbụ "ihe ize ndụ dị elu" site na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze.
A họpụtara ya ọzọ na Nzukọ nke Atọ na Mee 2007 site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke 1192 (34.2% nke votu) ma họpụta ya Minista maka Ahụike na Ọrụ Ọha (31 Mee 2007). Ọ nọgidere n'ọkwa a mgbe a mara ọkwa gọọmentị jikọrọ aka nke Labour na Plaid Cymru na 19 Julaị.
N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2009, Hart kwupụtara na ọ ga-azọ ọkwa onye ndu nke otu Labour na Wales mgbe Rhodri Morgan lara ezumike nká, na mkpebi ịga n'ihu na "Clear Red Water" nke Rhodri Morgan. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwetara nkwado site n'aka ọtụtụ Union na ndị ama ama dị ka Minista Ego Andrew Davies, Hart mechara nke abụọ na asọmpi idu ndú. Ọ nọgidere n'ọkwa ya dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ahụike na kansụl nke Minista Mbụ Carwyn Jones họpụtara.
N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2010, ndị Welsh Liberal Democrats boro Hart ebubo na ọ na-egbochi akụkọ ndị ndụmọdụ nke katọrọ ndị ndu NHS site na Gọọmentị Welsh.
Nadia Kaci
Nadia Kaci (a mụrụ n'afọ 1970) bụ onye Algeria na-eme ihe nkiri.
Edwina Hart
Mgbasa ozi
A họpụtara Hart dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Welsh kacha mma n'afọ ahụ. [citation needed] Dị ka Peter Black AM si kwuo, Hart meriri asọmpi ndị ọzọ iji nweta ihe nrite a gụnyere odeakwụkwọ Welsh Peter Hain. [cittion needed] Hart jikwa esemokwu wepụ nyocha nke mmefu NHS na Wales na 12 Nọvemba 2009, na-ajụ arịrịọ Liberal Democrat Kirsty Williams ka ọ nyochaa otú e si emefu £ 1 ijeri na ọrụ NHS, na-agbaso akaebe nye Kọmitii Ego nke Welsh Assembly nke kwuru na 'a' Welsh NHS kwa afọ.
Nadia Kaci
Akụkọ ndụ
A zụlitere Kaci na Algiers site n'aka nne "onye mara mma, onye na-amaghị akwụkwọ, na onye nwere uche". Ọ kụziiri nwa ya nwanyị nwanyị nwanyị site na nwata ma kpọọ darbouka maka ụmụ asaa ahụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, Kaci malitere ichegbu onwe ya banyere ntụziaka nke Algeria na nnwere onwe n'ihi ọgba aghara nke ọnwa October afọ 1988 na ịrị elu nke ịhụ mba n'anya nke Islam. Mgbe o kpebiri ịghọ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, nna ya jụrụ ịgwa ya okwu ruo afọ iri abụọ. A gbara Kaci ume ịkwaga France, mana ọ jụrụ na mbụ ebe ọ bụ na o chere na ọ bụ onye sabo. O mechara gaa France n'afọ 1993, mgbe nkwenye ahụ ghọrọ ihe na-enweghị ike ịnagide ya.
Edwina Hart
Ọfịs ndị e nwere
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Nadia Kaci
Akụkọ ndụ
N'afọ 1994, Kaci mere Yamina, nwanne nwanyị Said nke a manyere iyi ákwà mkpuchi, na Bab El-Oued City. Merzak Allouache duziri ihe nkiri ahụ ma katọọ ime ihe ike nke ndị Alakụba, ma nata onyinye International Federation of Film Critics n'afọ 1994 Cannes Film Festival. O gosipụtara onye nwere ọgụgụ isi Fatiha na Bent Familia, nke e wepụtara n'afọ 1997. N'afọ 1999, Kaci pụtara dị ka onye nọọsụ ụmụaka Samia Damouni na It All Starts Today.
Kaci mere Julie, onye ọrụ n'ụlọ ndị ọchịchị na-elekọta René, na Nationale 7 n'afọ 2000. Malcolm Lewis nke New Internationalist toro arụmọrụ ya dịka onye nwere "ịdị mfe ma bụrụ ezigbo ume". Ọ pụtara na Les Suspects n'afọ 2004, nke sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Les Vigiles nke Tahar Djaout. N'afọ 2007, Kaci pụtara na Délice Paloma, nke Nadir Moknèche duziri.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ode Fulutudilu
Ode Fulutudilu (a mụrụ n'abalị isii n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1990) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ nke na-agbara klọb Glasgow City nke Scotland na ndị otu mba South Africa bọọlụ. Ọ gbaburu klọb na South Africa, Finland na Spain, tupu ọ banye na Glasgow City na 2021. O mere egwuregwu izizi ya na South Africa n'afọ 2014 ma bụrụ onye otu ha na 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup squad. A mụrụ ya na Democratic Republic of Congo, ya na ezinụlọ ya rutere South Africa dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.
Mmalite ndụ
A mụrụ Ode Fulutudilu na Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, n'abalị isii nke ọnwa Febụwarị 1990. Mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, ezinụlọ ya hapụrụ mba ahụ n'ihi ọgba aghara wee gaa Angola dị ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, tupu ha agaa Cape Town na South Africa n'afọ sochirinụ. Nna Fulutudilu enweghị ike ịchọta ọrụ na South Africa ma mesịa laghachi Angola, mana ọ hapụrụ ya ebe ahụ n'ihi na-ochere na ọ ga-enwe ọdịnihu ka mma n'ebe ahụ. O mechara tolite n'ụlọ nlekọta ụmụaka. N'ịbụ onye nwere mmasị na bọọlụ mgbe ọ na-ele ndị otu mba ụmụ nwoke South Africa na-egwuri egwu na 1998 World Cup, ọ sonyeere ndị otu ụmụ agbọghọ mbụ ọ haziri. Site na nke a, ọ zutere onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Britain nke mechara bụrụ nne na-elekọta ya, ma nwee ikike inyere ya aka n'inweta ọzụzụ agụmakwụkwọ n'efu iji gụọ akwụkwọ na United States na Mahadum Lee dị na Cleveland, Tennessee.
Ọrụ kọleji
Fulutudilu nọrọ afọ anọ na-agba bọọlụ kọleji nke Lee Flames, ndị otu egwuregwu nke Mahadum Lee, na-emeri otutu aha oge atọ na otutu aha mba abụọ.
Ọrụ
Mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na Málaga n'afọ 2019, ọ ghọrọ onye South Africa mbụ na-agba egwuregwu bọọlụ na ọkwa nkewa kachasị elu nke bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Spain.
N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2021, ọ hapụrụ Finland ịbanye na Glasgow City na Scotland,ma sonye onye South Africa ibe ya bụ Janine van Wyk. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi oke mmetụta ọrịa COVID-19 metụtara ọgbụgba abọọlụ, ọ nweghị ike ịgba egwuregwu mbụ ya maka otu ahụ ruo n'ọnwa Eprel. Ọ ga-enweta akara hat-tricks na egwuregwu mbụ ya na nke abụọ ya maka Glasgow.
Ọrụ mba ụwa
Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Banyana Banyana n'afọ 2014 African Women's Championship Ọ nọchitere anya South Africa na 2019 World Cup, nke mbụ mba ahụ pụtara na asọmpi ikpeazụ.
Ndụ onwe onye
Fulutudilu nwere nzere bachelọ na sociology na Mahadum Lee.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Maikki Friberg
thumb|Maikki Friberg Maria (Maikki) Elisabeth Friberg (1861 Xi 1927) bụ onye nkuzi Finland, onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-ahụ maka udo. A na-echeta ya maka itinye aka na òtù ụmụ nwanyị Finland, ọkachasị dịka onyeisi oche nke otu na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Finland Suomen Naisyhdistys na dịka onye guzobere na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị Naisten Ääni (Women's Voice). Ọ gara ọtụtụ ebe, na-akwalite nghọta nke Finland na mba ofesi mgbe ọ na-ekere òkè na nzukọ mba ụwa ma na-enye aka na ndị nta akụkọ mba ọzọ.
Amụrụ ya n'ụbọchị 5 Jenụwarị 1861 na Kankaanpää, Maria Elisabeth Friberg bụ nwa nwanyị nke Karl Arvid Friberg na Fanny Adelaide Boijer. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị n'oge, nne ya na ụmụ ya kwagara Tammerfors ebe ọ mepere ụlọ ndị ọbịa. Friberg gara Swedish School for Women na Helsinki ebe ọ debara aha ya na klas ọzụzụ ndị nkuzi.
N'afọ 1883, Friberg nwetara ọkwa nkuzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ndị mmadụ nke Helsinki nke o nwere ruo n'afọ 1912. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Berlin na Zurich, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Bern n'afọ 1897 na thesis na iwu obodo Nordic. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara nkuzi gbasara akụ na ụba na Mahadum Brussels, na-asụ German, French na Bekee nke ọma. Ruo n'afọ 1906, ọ na-eme njem ọmụmụ ugboro ugboro gburugburu Europe, na-eme ka ahụmịhe ya nke usoro nkuzi dịkwuo mma. Ọ makwaara ndị Scandinavia ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị ndị Denmark.
Mgbe ọ na-eme njem n'afọ 1906, Friberg malitere inwe mmasị n'ihe omume ụmụ nwanyị, na-aga mgbakọ na mgbakọ dị iche iche, ebe ọ na-anọchite anya Kvinnosaksförbundet Unionen (Union Women's Association). N'afọ 1906, na nzukọ International Alliance of Women na Copenhagen, a nabatara echiche ya banyere ikike ịtụ vootu dịka ụmụ nwanyị Finland nwetara ikike ịtụ voolu n'afọ ahụ. N'oge a, ọ nwere mmasị karịsịa na pacifism na temperance. Ka o sina dị, ọ gara n'ihu na-agbasa ihe ọmụma banyere Finland, na-ekwu okwu banyere ụlọ akwụkwọ Finnish na Sami na Germany, Austria na Denmark, gụnyere iwu gọọmentị Russia nke igbochi nnwere onwe Finland.
Site na afọ 30 nke ahụmịhe nkuzi sara mbara, n'afọ 1912 Friberg tinyere akwụkwọ maka ọkwa osote onye nyocha nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Helsinki Folk mana e nyere Guss Mattsson nke Helsinki City Council nhọpụta ahụ, ikike na-ahazi nhọpụta ahụ. O were ya iwe nke ukwuu nke na o kpebiri ịhapụ izi ihe, na-ahọrọ itinye oge ya na nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị.
Onye otu Finnish Women's Association site n'afọ 1889, na-eje ozi na bọọdụ site n'afọ 1907 ruo afọ 1924, na nke Union Association, nke o guzobere na 1892 ma bụrụ onyeisi oche site n'afọ 1920 ruo afọ 1927, Friberg na-arụkwa ọrụ na njikọ udo nke Finland Finlands Fredsförbund. O nyekwara edemede na akwụkwọ akụkọ Finnish na nke mba ọzọ ma guzobe magazin nke ya Naisten 25:3ni (Women's Voice) n'afọ 1905 nke ọ dezigharịrị ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. N'afọ 1909 na Naisten 25:3ni, o bipụtara akụkọ banyere nzukọ International Alliance of Women na London.
Madeleine Ngono Mani
Madeleine Michèle Ngono Mani Epse Ongueme (onye bụ onye amụrụ n'abalị iri na isii nke onwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1983), nke a maara dị ka Madeleine Ngono Mani, bụ onye Cameroon na-agba bọọlụ dị ka onye n'ebe goolu na-agbachitere Albi Croix na mpaghara nke abụọ nke mba France ugbu a. Ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu mba Cameroon, nke ọ gbaarala bọọlụ 2012 Summer Olympics, African Women's Championship, na 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Klọb
Ọrụ ya malitere na otu egwuregwu Lorema FC na Canon Yaoundé, ma merie iko mba nakwa league ugboro abụọ nke ọ bụla na Cameroon. Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma n'obodo gasịrị, ọ sonyeere RC Saint-Étienne n'afọ 2003, mgbe ahụ na ọkwa nke anọ nke bọọlụ French. Ndị otu ahụ jikọtara ya na AS Saint-Étienne n'afọ 2009, mgbe ha dugara ha n'ọkwa kachasị elu nke bọọlụ French, n'ụzọ na adịghị nta n'ihi mgbalị Ngono Mani inye goolu. Ọ sonyeere ASJ Soyaux wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-ebute goolu na nke abụọ. Ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara site na isonyere Guingamp n'afọ 2011 mgbe ọ gachara obere oge na FCF Monteux. Ọ kwagara Claix n'afọ 2013 mgbe afọ abụọ ya na Guingamp rụchara ọrụ. N'afọ 2015, ọ gafere na FC Minsk, na usoro ego.
Nke Mba ụwa
Ọ malitere na World Cup qualifier megide South Africa n'afọ 2002, na mmeri goolu abụọ asatara otu. N'afọ 2012 Summer Olympics na London, United Kingdom, ọ gbara egwuregwu atọ niile nke otu nke asọmpi bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị, mana ndị otu ahụ enwetaghị otu akara ma ghara iru eru maka agba na-esote. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mgbasa ozi Cameroon na 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, na-agba isi iji mezue mmeri nloghachi megide Switzerland, yana ịnye goolu ọkpụ isii asataghị̀ otu nke Ecuador. Ọ bụkwa onye kacha nye gọọlụ n'otu mba ahụ.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Patricia George
Mmalite ndụ
A zụlitere George na Chicago, Illinois. Nna mụrụ bụ onye Naijiria ebe nne ya bụ onye Venezuela.
Ụlọakwụkwọ sekọndrị na kọleji
George gara Von Steuben Metropolitan High School na Chicago na Mahadum nke Illinois na Urbana-Champaign.
Na Mba Germany
George agbaala bọọlụ na BV Cloppenburg na SC Sand na Germany.
Ọrụ mba ụwa
Site na ọmụmụ na nzụlite, George ruru eru igwu egwu maka United States, Venezuela ma ọ bụ Nigeria. O mere nke mbụ ya maka nke ikpeazụ na 18 Febụwarị 2021 dị ka onye nnọchi nke ọkara nke abụọ megide klọb CSKA Moscow nke Russia na mbipụta afọ ahụ nke Turkish Women's Cup. Ngosipụta mbụ ya na-eche ndị otu mba ọzọ ihu bụ ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị megide Uzbekistan.
Ndụ ya
Nwanne George nke tọrọ ya bụ Regina George bụ onye na-agba ọsọ Olympic maka Naịjirịa.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Getmore Sithole
Getmore Sithole (a mụrụ na 4 June 1964), bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na South Africa. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na usoro ihe nkiri a ma ama A Small Town Called Descent, Le lion na Blood & Water.
Ndụ onwe
A mụrụ ya n'abalị 3 ọnwa June afọ 1964 na Zimbabwe. Ọ lụrụ Dorriane, onye na-emepụta ejiji kemgbe afọ 2002. Ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa 'Sandton Elite Apartments'.
Ọrụ
O mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya n'afọ 2000 site na ọrụ ugboro ugboro na usoro telivishọn Generations. Mgbe ahụ n'afọ 2002, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na soapie ọzọ Backstage dịka onye nchọpụta siri ike 'Dikobo'. N'afọ 2004, o mere ọrụ nkwado nke 'Detective Ditini' na usoro telivishọn ndị uwe ojii Jozi Streets. N'oge a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ 'Advocate Maponya' na ihe nkiri ncha a ma ama Rhythm City. N'afọ 2003, o mere nkiri mbụ ya na French Le Lion.
N'afọ 2005, ọ sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri e.tv soapie, Scandal!. N'ime usoro ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ 'Cain Gumede', ihe ngosi ahụ wee bụrụ ihe a ma ama. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri ọzọ na-eme The Wild ma rụọ ọrụ na-enweghị ntụpọ 'Joseph Sithole'. N'afọ 2014, a họpụtara ya na Moneygramńs Zimbabwe Achievers Awards na ngalaba nke Personality Of The Year Award. N'afọ 2015, ọ laghachiri dịka 'Bab' Shezi' maka oge abụọ na soapie Ashes to Ashes ebe ọ gbara ruo na ngwụcha afọ 2016. Mgbe usoro Ashes to Ashes gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ nkwado maka ọtụtụ usoro telivishọn South Africa dịka, Intersexions, Wild at Heart, 4Play: Sex Tips for Girls, Jozi-H, Diamond City, Sokhulu & Partners, 90 Plein Street na The Docket.
Na ngwụcha afọ 2019, ọ sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke Netflix nke Blood & Water, nke mere ka ọ pụta na mba ụwa nke mbụ ya. Usoro ahụ malitere na mba 190 na 20 Mee afọ 2020 ma mesịa nweta otuto dị egwu.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Efua Sutherland
thumb|Efua Sutherland Efua Theodora Sutherland ( Jun 27,1924 ruo Jenụarị 21, 1996) bụ onye odee ihe omume Ghana, onye ntụzịaka, onye na-eme ihe nkiri ejije, onye ode akwụkwọ ụmụaka, onye na-ede abụ, onye ọka mmụta, onye nyocha, onye na-akwado ụmụaka na onye na-akwado omenala. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ejije Foriwa (1962), Edufa (1967), na The Marriage of Anansewa (1975). Ọ tọrọ ntọala Ghana Drama Studio, tinyere Ghana Society of Writers, Ghana Experimental Theatre, na ọrụ obodo akpọrọ Kodzidan (Ụlọ Akụkọ). Dị ka onye Ghana mbụ n'eduzi ihe omume akụkọ Nchepụ̀ta ọ bụ onye nwere mmetụta na mmepe nke ihe nkiri Ghana nke oge a, ma nyere aka n'iwebata ọmụmụ omenala arụmọrụ Africa na ogo mahadum. Ọ bụkwa onye ọsụ ụzọ  ụlọ mbiputa akwụkwọ Africa, Onye hiwere ụlọ ọrụ Afram Publications na Accra na oge ndị 1970.
Ọ bụ onye nkwado omenala gbasara ụmụaka site na mmalite afọ ndị 1950 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, ma tinye kwa aka n'ịzụlite usoro mmụta, agụmagụ, ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri fiim  gbasara ụmụaka Ghana. Edemede foto ya nke 1960 Playtime na Africa, nke ya na Willis E. Bell dere, gosipụtara mgbakwasa ukwu Uru dị na akụkọ gbasara mmepe ụmụaka wee gbado nka ukwu na 1980 site n'ịbụ isi na mmepe nke usoro ogige ntụrụndụ ọha  na eze maka mba ahụ nye ụmụaka.
Pan-Africanism nke Sutherland gosipụtara na nkwado ya maka ụkpụrụ ya na mmekorita ya na ndị Afrika na ndị Afrika nwere ogo dị elu nọ na mba na-emekọrịta ihe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ mmụta gụnyere mmekọrịta ya na Chinua Achebe, Ama Ata Aidoo, Maya Angelou, WEB Du Bois na Shirley Graham Du Bois, Margaret. Busby, Tom Feelings, Langston Hughes, Martin Luther King and Coretta Scott King, Femi Osofisan, Félix Morisseau-Leroy, Es'kia Mphahlele, Wole Soyinka na Ngugi wa Thiong'o. N'ide atụmatụ izizi na 1980 maka mmemme ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pan-African na Ghana dị ka ụgbọ ọdịnala maka ịjikọta ndị Africa gburugburu ụwa, Sutherland bụ mkpali butere mmemme ihe nkiri Pan-African biennial nke a maara dị ka PANAFEST, nke mbụ emere na 1992.
Mmụta na mmalite ọrụ
A mụrụ ya dị ka Efua Theodora Morgue na Cape Coast, Gold Coast (bụ Ghana ugbu a), ebe ọ gụrụ gbasara nkuzi na St Monica's Training College na Mampong. Ọ gara England ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya, ma nweta akara ugo mmụta BA na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Homerton, Mahadum Cambridge - otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Africa mbụ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ - na ịmụ asụsụ Lingwistiks na School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London.
Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Ghana na 1951, ọ kụziri nkuzi mbụ ya na Fijai Secondary School na Sekondi, emesia na St. Monica's School (1951 ruo 54), ma malitekwa idere ụmụaka akwụkwọ. Ọ mecha kwuo, sị: “Amalitere m ide ihe nke ọma na 1951. Enwere m ike icheta kpọmkwem oge ahụ. Ọ bụ na Ista. Anọwo m na-eche banyere nsogbu agụmagụ e nwere ná mba m ruo ogologo oge. Mụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ m nọ na-akụzi omume n'otu obodo, iwe were m nke ukwuu maka ụdị akwụkwọ a na-amanye ụmụaka. O nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi ha, ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ha ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla. Ya mere m malitere ide."
Na 1954 ọ lụrụ Bill Sutherland, onye Africa America na onye Pan-African nke kwagara Ghana na 1953 (ha nwere ụmụ atọ: onye mmụta bụ Esi Sutherland-Addy, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Ralph Sutherland, na onye ọka iwu Amowi Sutherland Phillips) ma o nyeere di ya aka n'ịhiwe ụlọ akwụkwọ na mpaghara Transvolta.
mmepụta akwụkwọ
Mgbe Gold Coast ghọrọ mba nweere onwe ya nke Ghana na 1957, Efua Sutherland haziri òtù ndị odee bụ Ghana Society of Writers (mgbe e mesịrị bụrụ Ghana Association of Writers), nke weputara mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Okyeame, nke o mere na 1960. Nke e mechara ọ bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ.
Sutherland nwalere nchepụta echiche ya site na ịkọ akụkọ na ụdị ejije ndị ọzọ sitere na ọdịnala ụmụ amaala Ghana. Akụkọ ya na-adaberekarị n'akụkọ ọdịnala, mana ọ na-enwetakwa ya site na akwụkwọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, na-agbanwe akuko ọdịnala Africa ka ọ bụrụ usoro ihe nkiri ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ya na ihe odide ndị ọzọ ka ekwupụtara na The Singing Net, ihe omume redio a ma ama nke Henry Swanzy malitere, wee bipụta ya na antọlọji 1958 ya bụ Voices of Ghana. Mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Okyeame nke 1960 nwere obere akụkọ ya bụ "Samantaase", nke na-akọgharị akụkọ ifo. Akụkọ ya akacha mara amara bụ Edufa nke (1967) (dabere na Alcestis nke Euripides ), Foriwa (1967), na The wedding of Anansewa (1975).
Na 1958, Sutherland tọrọ ntọala Ghana Experimental Theatre, nke dabere na Ghana Drama Studio nke Sutherland wuru na Onye isi ala Kwame Nkrumah mehere na 1963 ya na Joe de Graft dị ka onye nduzi mbụ ya. N'ịbụ nke dị na ogbe ndịda Accra, ụlọ ihe nkiri ejije ghọrọ ebe ọzụzụ maka ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si n'akụkụ nile nke Africa. Na 1962, o sonyeere ndị ọrụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na ihe nkiri ọhụrụ, nke JH Kwabena Nketia na-edu. Na 1963, mgbe Sutherland malitere ọrụ nke onye otu nyocha na Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, o gbakwunyekwara Ghana Drama Studio, bụ nke ghọrọ ebe ọzụzụ n'adịghị n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ, nke a na-akpọ Mahadum Ghana Drama Studio. Sutherland, na mgbakwunye nke nyocha na nkuzi ya na ụdị ihe nkiri Africa, bụ onye nsonye n'ime otu ndị chepụtara ma guzobe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke gbasara nka Ihe omume. N'itinye uchu banyere akụkọ ọdịnala na mmepe ihe nkiri obodo, o hiwere Kodzidan (Ụlọ Akụkọ) na Ekumfi-Atwia, n'ogige etiti, bụ nke a ghọtara n'ụwa niile dị ka ihe nlereanya ọsụ ụzọ na ụlọ ihe nkiri gbasatara mmepe.
Sutherland nyere ndụmọdụ na n'aka nke ya sitere n'ike mkpali mmụọ site n'aka ọtụtụ ndị odee nke Ghana, gụnyere Ama Ata Aidoo, Kofi Anyidoho na Meshack Asare.
Na mmalite oge nke 1970, Sutherland kwadoro ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ bụ Afram Publications, bụ nke etinyere na 1973, mana March 1974  ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ onwe ya na "Araba Mansa", ogige ya na Dzorwulu, Accra. Sutherland nọgidere na-etinye aka n'ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ Afram ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.
Mgbati omenala na pan-Africanism
Ọrụ Sutherland dọtara nlereanya ndị nchepụta sitere na ndị Afrịka zuru ụwa ọnụ. Nchịkọta ncheta nke ise Maya Angelou bụ All God's Children Need traveling Shoes,nke n'agba akaebe maka nkwado mmetụta uche na ntinye aka na obodo Ghana nyere ya na 1960 site n' aka Efua Sutherland bụ onye ghọrọ ezigbo enyi.
Sutherland zutere Dr WEB Du Bois mgbe o duuru ndị nnọchi anya Ghana na 1958 Afro-Asia Writers Conference na Tashkent (nke bụ isi obodo Uzbekistan ugbu a ). A nochịteere ya, mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Accra, Ghana na 1963, iji kwado Oriakụ Shirley Du Bois. Na oge ndị 1980 ,Sutherland nyere aka n'ịwuwe WEB Du Bois Memorial Center for Pan African Culture and Mausoleum n'ụlọ Du Bois'Accra.
N'afọ 1980, o dere akwụkwọ aha ya bụ "Proposal for a Historical Drama Festival na Cape Coast", ngosi mkpa ọ dị na njikọ dị n'etiti Africa na ndị ya bi na mba. Nke a mere ka ọ pụta ìhè n'ọrụ ahụ bịara pụta dị ka PANAFEST nke steeti na-akwado, bụ nke mbụ Pan-African Historical Theater Festival, nke e mere na Cape Coast, Elmina na Accra, Ghana, site na abalị iri na abụọ ruo abali iri na iteghete nke ọnwa Desemba,1992 n'okpuru isiokwu "The Re- emergence of African Civilisation "bụ mmalitehachi nke mmehe Afrịka
Nkwado maka ụmụaka
Sutherland guzoro ndị Ghana na nkwado nke UN Convention on the Rights of Child gbasara ụmụaka bụ (mba mbụ mere otú ahụ) ma bụrụ onye isi oche otu mba gbasatara ụmụaka bụ 'National Commission on Children 'site na 1983 ruo 1990, oge nke gosipụtara nkwado ụmụaka kacha sie ike na nke zuru oke na ọkwa mba n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ghana. N'ime ikike a, ọ duziri ọtụtụ mmemme ọhụrụ, gụnyere ego agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka iji kwado obodo ndị na-enweghị enyemaka, nke nka ọrụ a na-agbasa mmụta sayensị nye ụmụaka ogbenye ma ọ bụ ime obodo, na ichekwa ala maka mkpụrụ ihe atụ ogige ntụrụndụ ụmụaka na ogige ọbá akwụkwọ. gburugburu obodo. Ọ tọrọ ntọala maka Mmofra Foundation, na-arụsi ọrụ ike kemgbe 1997 dị ka otu obodo raara onwe ya nye iji kwalite ndụ omenala na ọgụgụ isi nke ụmụaka niile nọ na Ghana. Na 2012 ewepụtara oge Playtime in Africa Initiative, nke sitere na akwụkwọ 1961 akpọrọ aha ya, iji mee ka ọha na eze nwee mmasị n'ebe ụmụaka nọ.
Ọrụ ikpeazụ ya kacha dị ịrịba ama na Institute of African Studies, Legon, bụ mmemme mmepe ụmụaka ya, bụ nke ezubere imepe ihe, ụzọ na ndị ọrụ maka mmemme nke nchepụta ihe nkiri n'ime na n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. UNICEF kpọrọ Sutherland ka ọ sonye na netwọkụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta zuru ụwa ọnụ iji tụlee koodu nke ikike mmadụ maka nchekwa ụmụaka. Go
Ihe nketa
thumb| Ogige ụmụaka nke Efua Sutherland . N'ịbụ nke dị nso n'etiti Accra, Efua Sutherland chekwara oghere ọha acre 12 dị ka ogige maka ụmụaka niile na 1980s.
nkọwapụta nkenke nke ọrụ
Sutherland nwalere nchepụta echiche ya site na ịkọ akụkọ na ụdị ndị ọzọ dị egwu sitere na ọdịnala ụmụ amaala Ghana. Akụkọ ya na-adaberekarị n'akụkọ ọdịnala, mana ọ na-enwetakwa ya site na akwụkwọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, na-agbanwe mgbakọ ọdịnala Africa ka ọ bụrụ usoro ihe nkiri ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime uri ya na ihe odide ndị ọzọ ka agbasara na The Singing Net, ihe omume redio a ma ama nke Henry Swanzy malitere, wee bipụta ya na 1958 anthology Voices of Ghana. Mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Okyeame nke 1960 nwere obere akụkọ ya bụ "Samantaase", nke na-akọgharị akụkọ ifo. Egwuregwu ya kacha mara amara bụ Edufa (1967) (dabere na Alcestis nke Euripides ), Foriwa (1967), na Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Anansewa (1975).
Na Foriwa agwa ama ama, onye bụ ada eze nwanyị nke Kyerefaso, na Labaran, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ugwu Ghana nke na-ebi ndụ dị mfe, wetara Kyerefaso mmepe anya nghọta, obodo nke maarala azụ ma enwekwaghi amamihe n'ihi na ndị okenye obodo ahụ jụrụ iweta mụta ụzọ ọhụrụ. Isi okwu Foriwa bụ njikọ nke ọdịnala ochie na ụzọ ọhụrụ. Akụkọ ahụ nwere isiokwu mba iji kwalite mmụọ mba ọhụrụ na Ghana nke ga-akwalite mmeghe maka echiche ọhụrụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti agbụrụ.
The Marriage of Anansewa: Ihe nkiri Akụkọ Akụkọ (1975) ka a na-ewere dị ka ntinye aka kacha baa uru Sutherland na ihe nkiri na ejije Ghana. N'ime ihe omume a, ọ na-atụgharị akụkọ ọdịnala Akan Ananse Spider ( Anansem ) n'ime usoro ejije ọhụụ dị egwu, nke ọ na-akpọ Anansegoro. Nyamekye (ndinaudi Alice na Wonderland ), otu n'ime ihe nkiri ya mechara, na-egosi etu ọdịnala opera ndị mmadụ si metụta ya.
Sutherland bụkwa onye dere ọrụ maka ụmụaka. Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere Ihe abuo nke abụ ndakorita nke dị n'ụdị ụmụ anụmanụ  udele! Udele! na Tahinta (1968), na edemede ihe osise abụọ, tinyere foto nke Willis Bell (1924–2000): Oge ejije na Africa (1960) na The Roadmakers (1961). Enwere ike ịkọwa ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ mkpirisi ya dị ka abụ iduazi. Voice in the Forest, akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ifo ihe arọrọ arọ nke Ghana, nke e bipụtara na 1983.
A kọwawo oge egwuregwu n'Afrịka dịka"akwụkwọ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ejije omenala nke Ghana", bụ nke Sutherland lere anya dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka ịzụlite uche na ahụ ndị ntorobịa. Ọbụghị naanị na ebipụtara ya afọ atọ ka Ghana nwechara nnwere onwe, ọ bụ akwụkwọ izizi nke Akụkọ omenala ụmụaka na Ghana. Akwukwo a gosiputara nchịkọta nke ndụ umuaka n n'etiti obodo ma webatakwa mwebata ndị obodo idere umuaka ihe, tinyere nbiputa na mmepe site na ejije maka umuaka.
Nkwanye ugwu
Na 2020, na mmemme akara ụbọchị ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa, 3Music Awards kwanyere Sutherland ugwu maka mmezu ya na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Zeina Soufan
Zeina Soufan (Arabic) bụ onye nta akụkọ Lebanọn na onye na-eme ihe nkiri telivishọn nke bi na Dubai. Soufan bụ onye isi nchịkọta azụmaahịa na Dubai Media Incorporated na onye na-akwado "Money Map" na Dubai TV. Ọ bụkwa onye edemede onwe ya na onye na'emepụta ọdịnaya dijitalụ.
Ndụ onwe
thumb|200x200px|Soufan na 1994 A mụrụ Zeina Soufan na Saida, Lebanon. Ezinụlọ ya gbapụrụ n'Agha Obodo Lebanọn wee kwaga Saudi Arabia ebe Zeina gụsịrị akwụkwọ afọ ole na ole tupu ọ laghachi Lebanọn obere oge wee gaa Ijipt. N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 1993, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ na Middle Eastern Studies na Mahadum America dị na Cairo. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|260x260px|Soufan na Sheikh Mohammed áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|260x260px|Soufan na Christine Lagarde Zeina Soufan mepụtara ma gosipụta akụkọ akụkọ, akụkọ akụkọ na ihe ngosi telivishọn n'oge ọrụ ya niile. Ọ gbara ndị mmadụ ajụjụ ọnụ, ndị isi na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị ma mepụta akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na azụmaahịa siri ike na mgbakwunye na akụkọ sitere gburugburu ụwa.
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri nke Lebanese Future n'afọ 1993 na Beirut tupu ọ kwaga na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Reuters dị ka onye nta akụkọ Beirut n'afọ 1995. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya a ma ama bụ mkpuchi nke afọ 1994 Israel blitz na ndịda Lebanọn nke a kpọrọ "Operation Accountability" n'afọ 1996 "War of Wrath" n'oge ndị agha Israel gburu ya na Qana. N'afọ 2000, Zeina so n'ime ndị nta akụkọ mbụ batara n'ebe ndịda Lebanọn awa ole na ole mgbe Israel wepụrụ ndị agha ya na mpaghara ahụ.
Soufan laghachiri na telivishọn n'y 1998 iji sonye na Dubai Business Channel. N'afọ 2004, ọ sonyeere Al Arabiya ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị isi otu malitere ihe ngosi azụmahịa pan Arab "Al Aswaq Al Arabiya". N'afọ 2011, ọ kwagara Dubai TV ebe ọ ka na-emepụta ma na-egosi ihe ngosi azụmahịa kwa izu nke ọwa "Money Map".
Zeina Soufan bụ ọkà okwu ihu ọha na onye nhazi na ihe omume ndị dị elu, gụnyere nzukọ zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka Nzukọ akụ na ụba ụwa na Nzukọ Ọchịchị Ụwa. N'afọ 2019, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu na Asọmpi nke Dubai Smart Government n'okpuru nkwado nke nwa eze Dubai Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashed Al Maktoum.
Isiokwu
N'afọ 2016, o ritere ihe nrite nke onye odeakụkọ azụmahịa Arab n'emume e mere na Amman, Jọdan.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọnụ ego e kenyere
Otu ego e kenyere bụ "Kyoto unit" ma ọ bụ "carbon credit" nkè a na-ere ahịa nké na-anọchite ányà ikike iji wepụta gas na-ekpo ọkụ nke gụnyere "otu metric ton nkè carbon dioxide, gbakọrọ site na iji ikike okpomọkụ ụwa". A na-enye ego e kenyere ruo n'ókè nke "ego e kenyere" nke Ndepụta mbụ nke Kyoto Protocol.
"Ọnụ ọgụgụ e kenyere" bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Kyoto Protocol Annex B (ma ọ bụ "ihe mgbaru ọsọ na mbelata nkè mmepụta") gosipụtara dị ka ọkwa nké ikuku a kwadoro n'ime ógè nkwekọrịta n'afọ 2008 nakwa 2012.
Ntinye aka
Nkeji edemede 17 nke Kyoto Protocol nyere ohere ịzụ ahịa ikuku n'etiti ndị otu Annex B (mba). Ndị otu ndị "nyefere ego" n'ihi mbelata nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'okpuru nkwa Kyoto ha edepụtara na Nkeji edemede 3 na Ndepụta B nwere ike ire ndị ahụ na mba ndị nwere ikuku na-agafe ebumnuche ha. Nkeji edemede 17 chọkwara na azụmaahịa ọ bụla dị otú ahụ ga-abụ ihe mgbakwunye na ọrụ ụlọ maka ebumnuche nke izute oke oke na mbelata nkwekọrịta.
Asser Yassin
thumb|Asser Yassin Asser Ashraf Fouad Yassin (Arabic; a mụrụ na Febụwarị 25, 1981) bụ onye Egypt na-eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede, na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri. E nyela ya ihe nrite Best Actor maka ọtụtụ ọrụ ya. Yassin malitere ọrụ ya n'ọkwa nke Mahadum America dị na Cairo nke onye nduzi Khairy Beshara hụrụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ mbụ ya na TV na Qalb Habiba n'afọ 2006, nke ihe nkiri The Yacoubian Building sochiri n'afọ 2007. Ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Zay El Naharda (2008) ebe a na-eto ya maka ọrụ nkwado ya, na-eme ka onye ọgwụ ọjọọ riri ahụ. N'otu afọ ahụ, Yassin nwetara nnukwu ezumike ya ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri "El Waad". Nkwa ahụ, na-eche onye na-eme ihe nkiri a ma ama na onye ama ama Mahmoud Yassin ihu. N'afọ 2010, Yassin rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri Daoud Abdel Sayed Messages from the Sea, nke e nyere ya onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na Carthage Film Festival, na Malmö Arab Film Festival. E nyekwara ya ihe nrite Best Actor maka mbipụta ọhụrụ ya Aswar El Qamar (2015) site na The Tetouan International Mediterranean Film Festival. thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ
Mmalite ndụ
Yassin gụrụ injinia na mahadum, mana ndị enyi ya gwara ya ka ọ nọchie onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-anọghị na egwuregwu mahadum. N'ihi ya, o kpebiri iwere usoro ihe nkiri ma sonye na mmepụta ndị ọzọ.
Ọrụ
Yassin pụtara na ọrụ nkwado dịka, nwanne ọjọọ nke Ashraf Abdel Baqi na Aala Ganb Yasta na dịka Mo, onye ọgwụ ọjọọ riri ahụ na Zay El Naharda. Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ n'akụkụ Mahmoud Yassin na nkiri Al Waad ma ọ bụ The Promise, nke Waheed Hamid dere ma bụrụ nke Mohamed Yassin duziri.
Oge mgbanwe Yassin bụ ọrụ ya na Messages from the Sea, nke Daoud Abdel Sayed dere ma duzie.
N'afọ 2015, Yassin meriri onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na Tetouan International Mediterranean Film Festival maka ntọhapụ ọhụrụ ya, Aswar El Qamar.
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, Al-Arab kwupụtara ihe nkiri na-abịanụ nke akpọrọ "Venous" (Arabic) nke Yassin na onye Egypt na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-agụ egwu Ruby.
Ndụ onwe
Yassin bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ nwoke abụọ. Nne na nna ya abụọ bụ ndị injinia. Yassin lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ atọ.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Holoholo
Holoholo nwere ike ịrụtụ aka na:
Mendy (surname)
Mendy bụ aha nna. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna a gụnyere:
Mezgebu
Mezgebu bụ aha nna. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna a gụnyere:
2010 Best of Nollywood Awards
Ndị mmeriri di mbodombo.
Bongeka Gamede
Bongeka Gamede (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1999) bụ onye ọgba egwuregwu bọọlụ South Africa nke na-agbara Mahadum nke Western Cape (UWC) na ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị South Africa bọọlụ dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nchekwa goolu.
Ọrụ
Obodo Gamede bụ Ixopo na KwaZulu-Natal. Onye bụbu onye South Africa n'ogo ndị dị afọ iri na asaa n'afọ iri abụọ, e tinyere ya na ndị otu South Africa maka 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup n'agbanyeghị na ọ nọchitebeghi anya ndị otu mba ahụ na ọkwa okenye na mbụ. Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na-agụ gbasara njem nlegharị anya na Mahadum nke Western Cape, maka nke a ọ kwụsịrị ule afọ mbụ ya iji pụta na asọmpi ahụ. O gbara egwuregwu izizi ya na mba ụwa na egwuregwu enyi na enyi tupu iko mba ụwa megide Norway N'abalị abụọ nke ọnwa June 2019, na-mkpọba dị ka onye nnọchi anya na mmeri ọkpụ asaa asatara abụọ nke South Africa.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mmiri ara
thumb|Nwoke na-ehi ụra n'ime hammock, n'ogige dị na Costa Rica Ihi ụra bụ oge ụra dị mkpirikpi, nke a na-ewere n'oge ehihie dị ka ihe na-agbakwunye n'oge ụra abalị. A na-ejikarị ụra eme ìhè nke ụwa họrọ ndị Enyi gị nọ n'ọrụ njegharị ná ndị na ụdị àlà úkwú dị ndụ ebighị dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe dị ka Azụmaahịa ka onye ọ dị ka nzaghachi maka ụra n'oge ụra. Ihi ụra bụ ụdị ụra biphasic ma ọ bụ polyphasic, ebe okwu ikpeazụ na-agụnye ogologo oge ụra na mgbakwunye na otu oge. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị anọwo na-enyocha uru nke ihi ụra, gụnyere ụra nkeji iri atọ yana oge ụra nke awa 1-2. A nwalere arụmọrụ n'ọtụtụ usoro ọgụgụ isi.
Uru
Sara Mednick mere nnyocha na-anwale mmetụta nke ụra, caffeine, na placebo. Nsonaazụ dị ndụ ebighị ya gosiri na ụra eme ìhè nke dị n'ala ahụ malite na nke 60-90 nkeji dị irè karịa caffeine na ncheta na nghọta.
Ike ụra
Nri ike, nke a makwaara dị ka Nri nke 2 bụ ụra dị mkpirikpi nke nkeji 20 ma ọ bụ obere nke na-akwụsị dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie nakwa n'oge kwesịrị dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa ọhụrụ ezi ntụziaka tupu ụra dị omimi, nke e bu n'obi ime ka Nri ahụ dịghachi ndụ ngwa ngwa. Ebumnuche nke ụra ike bụ iji bulie uru nke ụra karịa oge. A na-eji ya eme ihe iji gbakwunye ụra nkịtị, ọkachasị mgbe onye na-ehi ụra nwere nsogbu ihi ụra. Otú ọ dị, ka ụkọ ụra na-abawanye ụba, otú ahụ ka ụra na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Ịrahụ ụra maka nsogbụ ụra
E gosipụtara na enwere ike ime ka ụra ehihie (EDS) dịkwuo mma site na idina ụra na narcolepsy. Ewezuga narcolepsy, egosighi na ụra bara ụrụ dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ndị gara maka EDS na nsogbu ụra ndị ọzọ.
Ịmụta Ihe na Ncheta
Nnyocha na-atụ aro na ụra dị mkpirikpi, nke a na-ahụkarị mgbe a gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-enye uru kachasị maka mmụta. Uru nke ịdọ aka ná ntị anaghị egosi mgbanwe ọ bụla dabere ná ndị na ụdị àlà nke ụwa họrọ ndị Enyi na ụdị nke dị ka Azụmaahịa na ụdị oge ụra maka ịlụso mmiri ehihie ọgụ, ọbụlagodi maka ụra dị mkpirikpi dị ka nkeji iri. Napping na-eme ka ndị okenye na-eto eto na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie ọbá Akwụkwọ Anyị mụtara n'aka ndị na ụdị àlà úkwú dị ndụ ebighị dị n'ala nwee nchebe n'oge ihe ngosi nke ehihie, nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri na ụma na-ehi ụra mgbe niile n'ehihie na-egosi ụra ka mma n'abalị. N'ime ụmụaka ndị na-eto eto, ihi ụra na-eme ka ụra na-ehi ụra ọbụna mgbe ọ na-emeziwanye ncheta.
Maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'afọ ndụ niile, ihi ụra n'oge ụbọchị ụlọ akwụkwọ gosipụtara uru na oge mmeghachi omume na icheta ncheta nkwupụta nke ozi ọhụrụ ezi ntụziaka oriri nri, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ụra na-anọgide dị ndụ isi dị ndụ na ụra nwayọ, ya bụ, ihe na-erughị otu awa n'ogologo.
Ịdọ Aka ná Ụzọ na Ike ọgwụgwụ
Okirikiri circadian na-arụ ọrụ na ịrị elu nke mkpa maka ụra ehihie: ụra na-arị elu n'etiti ehihie, ya mere oge kachasị mma maka ụra bụ n'ehihie (Stampi, 1992; Bertisch dị ka e depụtara na Bilodeau, 2021). A na-atụ aro ụra 20-30-nkeji màkà ihe nọr na ímé nwanne nwoke na nwanyị nwere mmasị na ímé nwanne anyị si nọrọ ndị okenye, ebe ụmụaka na ndị agadi nwere ike ịchọ ụra ogologo oge. Nnyocha, n'aka nke ọzọ, egosiwo na uru nke ihi ụra na-adabere na mmalite ụra na oge ụra karịa oge na ogologo oge.
Inertness ụra
Ọnọdụ ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ndị nke iwe, enweghị nghọta na mgbagwoju anya nke a na-ahụ mgbe ị na-eteta n'ụra bụ nke a maara dị ka ụra inertia. Ọnọdụ a na-ebelata ọsọ nke ọrụ ọgụgụ isi mana ọ nweghị mmetụta na izi ezi nke arụmọrụ ọrụ. Mmetụta nke ụra inertia anaghị adịte aka karịa minit 30 na enweghị ụra tupu.
Ihe ize ndụ ahụike nwere ike ịdị
Nnyocha meta nke afọ ndị mmadụ na ímé ihe nọr na mkpóró ndị ogbi ozi ọma ahụ n'ebe nile 2016 gosiri na ụra karịrị otu awa nwere ike ijikọta ya na ohere dị ukwuu maka ọrịa obi, ọrịa shuga, ọrịa metabolic ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. Enweghị mmetụta nke ihi ụra ruo ihe ruru nkeji iri anọ kwa ụbọchị, mana mmụba dị egwu nke ọrịa mere n'oge ụra dị ogologo.
Ịhụ ndị ọzọ na ụdị nke dị ka ụra nkịtị bụkwa ihe na-egosi mmebi nke akwara dịka Ọrịa na ndị agadi, dịka mbelata nke ọrụ ụbụrụ na-akpata ụra karịa.
Omume kachasị mma
Ogologo oge ụra na ímé ihe ọ bụla n'ime anyị si mee oge na mgbe mmadụ na-ehi ụra na-emetụta ụra na ụra latency: mmadụ nwere ike irite ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie nakwa uru karịa n'ihe gbasara isi abụọ ahụ mgbe ha na-e ụra nke ọma n'ehihie. Dabere na nyocha, ogo mmadụ na-enwe ụra dị iche iche n'oge dị iche iche nke ụra. N'ihi na ụra inertia nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ịmụrụ anya site na Slow Wave Sleep, o yikarịrị ka ọ ga-eme mgbe mmadụ na-ehi ụra na ímé nwanne anyị si nọrọ na nche megide dị ndụ isi dị ka onye isi ogologo oge. Innertia ụra adịghị ike mgbe ụra dị mkpirikpi gasịrị. Oge ụra dị mkpụmkpụ mgbe a na-ehi ụra n'etiti 3pm - 5pm ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụra a na-ewe n'etiti 7pm - 9pm.
Dị ka ndị mmadụ dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa ka The Sleep Foundation, Psychology Today na Harvard Health Publishing si kwuo, ndị a bụ omume kachasị mma maka ihi ụra:
Ihe odide
<references group="" responsive="1">
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Ihi ụra
Koko Komégné
Koko Komégné bụ onye na-ese ihe na Douala na onye na-akwalite ihe ngosi nka nke oge a na Cameroon.
Ndụ na ọrụ
Na 1985 ọ na-achọ klọb Black et White na Limbe na Hotel Arcade na Douala; na 1986 Cabaret le Vieux Négre na Douala na 1987 Mountain Hotel na Buéa na University Centre na Dschang; na 1989 Hotel Hilton na Yaoundé ji lithographs nke Koko Komégné chọọ ọnụ ụlọ ya mma; na 1993 ọ na-achọ Phaco Club International na Restaurant Parfait Garden na Douala; na 1994 Central Hotel na Yaoundé; na 1995 Hotel Méridien na Douala nyere ya usoro fresco iri na otu nke ga-adọpụ uche mgbe ụlọ nkwari akụ ahụ gbanwere njikwa. N'afọ 2002, ọ na-eme fresco maka ụlọ ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmesi obi ike La Citoyenne na Douala na n'afọ 2003 Hotel Sofitel Mont Fébé na Yaoundé na-eji lithographs nke Komégné chọọ ụlọ iri itoolu ya mma.
N'afọ 1992, ọ sonyere na Art Venture, nzukọ nke nzukọ omenala Doual'art haziri nke na-emepụta fresco: triptych 4.5m ogologo site na 1.5m elu na plexiglas arụnyere na Dakar Square na Douala. N'afọ 1993, ọ bụ onye nduzi nka nke Doual'art Pop '93, nzukọ nke Doual'art haziri na agbata obi Madagascar na Douala nke ndị na-ese ihe iri abụọ na ise mepụtara fresco na ụlọ; n'otu afọ ahụ, ọ sonyere na Cadavres exquis na Mbappé Leppé Stadium na Douala ma ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii nke Festival National des Arts et de la Culture. N'afọ 1997, ọ sonyere na Le Kwatt, nzukọ nke Doual'art haziri na agbata obi Makepe Petit-Pays na Douala na n'afọ 1998 na Entr'Artistes nke Mariela Borello haziri na Doual'art. Na Machị 2007 ọ sonyere na Ars et Urbis International Workshop na Disemba na SUD-Salon Urbain de Douala.
Koko Komégné na-akwalite nka na ndị na-ese ihe na Cameroon: ọ na-ekere òkè na ihe karịrị mmemme redio 500, mmemme TV 100 na ajụjụ ọnụ 500 na akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin. N'afọ 1979, ya na ndị na-ese ihe Viking Kanganyam, Jean-Guy Atakoua na Samuel Abélé mepụtara mkpakọrịta mbụ nke Cameroon Cercle Maduta ("meduta" pụtara "ihe oyiyi" n'asụsụ Douala). Cercle Maduta mechiri na 1983 mgbe Koko Komégné na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe guzobere CAPLIT - Cercle des Artistes Plasticiens du Littoral. Na 1980 ha na-egosi na Menuiserie ETD MUCAM Meubles, ụlọ ahịa ngwá ụlọ; na 1981 o nwere ihe ngosi mbụ ya (1976–1982) na American Cultural Centre na 1982 na French Cultural Centre na Yaoundé. Ọ bụ onye guzobere na 1994 nke òtù omenala Kheops Club nke na-akpọkọta ndị na-ese ihe iri na Cemroonian na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite nka ọhụụ na Cameroon. N'afọ 1995, ọ bụ onye nduzi nka nke ụlọ ọrụ UPEMBA. N'afọ 1995, ọ na-egosi ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe Joël Mpah Dooh, Blaise Bang, Salifou Lindou, Hervé Youmbi na Hervé Yamguen n'ime ihe ngosi "Tele Miso" na MAM Gallery na Douala. N'afọ 2001, ọ bụ onye nlekọta nke otu ihe ngosi Yann & Co na Atelier Viking na nke Squatt'art, otu izu ọmụmụ ihe na ihe ngosi ya na ndị na-ese ihe iri abụọ na abụọ na-emeghe ikuku na agbata obi Bali na Douala. N'afọ 2002, o sonyere na Squatt'art II na agbata obi Deïdo na Douala. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nka na-ese ihe na-agba ọsọ Art Wash.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mary Odili
Mary Ukaego Odili (née Nzenwa ; CFR Onye amuru na 12 n'ime onwa Mee 1952) bu onye okaikpe Naijiria na nwunye Peter Odili, onye jere ozi dika Gọvanọ Rivers Steeti site n'aro 1999 rue 2007. Onye isi ala Goodluck Jonathan họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi okikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Nigeria (JSC) ma bụrụ onye isi ọkaikpe Katsina-Alu nyere ya iyi ọrụ na 23 na onwa June 2011.
Tupu ọ bụrụ onye isi okikpe nke SCN, o nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị mkpa ọrụ, gụnyere Onyeikpe, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Rivers Steeti (1992-2004), ụlọ ikpe nke ukwu, ụlọ ikpe mkpehari, nkewa Abuja (2004-2010), na ulo ikpe ziri ezi, ụlọ ikpe mkpehari, nkewa Kaduna. (2010-2011). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka nwunye mbụ nke Rivers steeti n'oge di ya bụ gọvanọ.
Mgimwa
Mgimwa bụ aha nna. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna a gụnyere:
Bulu language
Bulu bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Bulu nke Cameroon. Asụsụ ahụ nwere mmadụ otu narị na iri asaa na puku anọ na asụụ ya n'afọ 1982, na ihe dị ka ndị n'asụ asụsụ nke abụọ narị puku asatọ n'afọ 1991. Asụsụ ya gụnyere Bene, Yelinda, Yembana, Yengono, na Zaman. Ndị na-achị ala ọzọ na ndị ozi ala ọzọ na-eji Bulu eme ihe n'oge gara aga dị ka asụsụ a na-asụ n'ógbè ahụ maka azụmahịa, agụmakwụkwọ, na ebumnuche okpukpe, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-aghọwanye ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ọ́tụ̀ ndị ahụ.
Bulu so n'òtù asụsụ Beti ma nwee ike ịghọta ya na Eton, Ewondo, na Fang.
Nkesa
Ndị na-asụ Bulu ka wee nọrọ na mpaghara ndịda nke Cameroon, ọnụ ọgụgụ ha kachasị na Ebolowa na Sangmélima. Ụfọdụ ndị na asụ asụsụ a bi na ngalaba Nyong-et-Mfoumou nke etiti na ngalaba Haut-Nyong nke ọwụwa anyanwụ.
Dị ka ALCAM si kwuo (2012), a na-asụ Bulu na ngalaba Mvila na Dja-et-Lobo (mpaghara ndida), ma n'ebe ndịda nke ngalaba Haute-Sanaga (Mpaghara Etiti) ebe a na- asụkwa olumba Yezum nke Ewondo. Tinyere asụsụ Yébékóló na Omvan, a na-asụkwa ya n'ebe ugwu nke ngalaba Nyong-et-Mfoumou (Mpaghara Etiti) na akụkụ nke ngalaba Haut-Nyong n'ebe ndịda nke obodo Nguelemendouka Mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ).
Usoro ide ihe
Ndị ozi ala ọzọ Presbyterian mbụ rutere Cameroon dere asụsụ Bulu. Ha mere ya asụsụ ntụziaka na ozizi Protestant n'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị. Asụsụ a nwere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu (French-Bulu/Bulu-French) otu n'ime ndị dere ya bụ Moïse Eyinga. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ e dere na Boulou bụ Nnanga Kôn.
Mkpụrụedemede EPC
Mkpụrụ edemede Bulu nke ụka Presbyterian nke Cameroon nwere mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na anọ: a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, o, ô, p, s, t, u, v, w, y, z. é na è bụ ụdị e dị na mkpụrụedemede a.
Mkpụrụedemede PROPELCA
PROPELCA ejirila mkpụrụedemede Bulu mee ka ọ bụrụ mkpụrụedemede dabere na General Alphabet of Cameroonian Languages.
Red Sea
thumb|Ndị ọrụ njem njem 29 nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri International Space Station sere vidio a dị n'akụkụ ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri nke Oké Osimiri Uhie. Oké Osimiri Uhie nwere ihe dị ka 438,000 km2 (169,000 mi), ọ dị ihe dị ka 2,250 km (1,400 mi) n'ogologo, na - n'ebe kachasị obosara - 355 km (221 mi) n"obosara. O nwere nkezi oimi nke 490 m (1,610 ft), na etiti Suakin Trough ọ na-eru omimi ya kachasị elu nke 3,040 m (9,970 ).
Akwụkwọ Ọpụpụ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere otú ụmụ Izrel si gafee otu mmiri, nke ihe odide Hibru kpọrọ Yam Suph (Hibru: יַם סוּף). A na-akpọ Yam Suph na omenala dị ka Oké Osimiri Uhie. Rabbi Saadia Gaon (882‒942), na nsụgharị Judeo-Arabic nke Pentateuch, mere ka ebe a na-agafe Oké Osimiri Uhie dị ka Baḥar al-Qulzum, nke pụtara Ọwara Suez.[1]
The construction of the canal during Darius's reign is evidenced by ancient records, including inscriptions. Darius commemorated the completion of the canal by creating stelae (stone monuments) with inscriptions in several languages, describing the construction and its benefits. The canal not only facilitated trade but also solidified Darius’s control over Egypt and enhanced the Achaemenid Empire's economic and political power in the region.
. N'ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke anọ BC, Alexander Onye Ukwu zipụrụ njem ụgbọ mmiri ndị Gris gbada n'Oké Osimiri Uhie gaa n'Oké Osimiri India. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Gris gara n'ihu na-enyocha ma na-achịkọta data na Oké Osimiri Uhie. Agatharchides chịkọtara ozi gbasara oke osimiri na narị afọ nke abụọ BC. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea ("Periplus of the Red Sea"), nke Gris periplus nke onye edemede a na-amaghị dere na narị afọ nke mbụ, nwere nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ụzọ oké osimiri nke Oké Osimiri Uhie.[1] Periplus kọwakwara otú Hippalus si buru ụzọ chọpụta ụzọ kpọmkwem site n'Oké Osimiri Uhie na-aga India.
Oké Osimiri Uhie nwere mmasị maka ịzụ ahịa ndị Rom na India malite n'oge ọchịchị Ọgọstọs, mgbe Alaeze Ukwu Rom nwetara ikike n'ebe Mediterenian, Ijipt, na Oké Osimiri Uhie dị n'ebe ugwu.The route had been used by previous states but grew in the volume of traffic under the Romans. From Indian ports goods from China were introduced to the Roman world. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Rome na China dabere n'Oké Osimiri Uhie, mana alaeze Aksumite mebiri ụzọ ahụ n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke atọ AD.[1].
Oge Ụwa Na-emepechabeghị Anya na Oge A
In 1513, trying to secure that channel to Portugal, Afonso de Albuquerque laid siege to Aden but was forced to retreat. They cruised the Red Sea inside the Bab al-Mandab, as the first fleet from Europe in modern times to have sailed these waters. Later in 1524 the city was delivered to Governor Heitor da Silveira as an agreement for protection from the Ottomans. In 1798, France ordered General Napoleon to invade Egypt and take control of the Red Sea. Although he failed in his mission, the engineer Jean-Baptiste Lepère, who took part in it, revitalised the plan for a canal which had been envisaged during the reign of the Pharaohs. Several canals were built in ancient times from the Nile to the Red Sea along or near the line of the present Sweet Water Canal, but none lasted for long. The Suez Canal was opened in November 1869. After the Second World War, the Americans and Soviets exerted their influence whilst the volume of oil tanker traffic intensified. However, the Six-Day War culminated in the closure of the Suez Canal from 1967 to 1975. Today, in spite of patrols by the major maritime fleets in the waters of the Red Sea, the Suez Canal has never recovered its supremacy over the Cape route, which is believed to be less vulnerable to piracy.