cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
History of youth rights in the United States
Afọ Ndị 1930s - 1950s
Ikike ndị ntorobịa pụtara na mbụ dị ka nsogbu dị iche na afọ ndị otu puku, narị itoolu na iri atọ ha. Nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi malitere ime ka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị bụrụ ndị na-eme ihe ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke mbụ. Ikike ndị ntorobịa malitere ịpụta site na National Student League, ma kwalite ya nke ukwuu mgbe ndị na-eto eto gafee mba ahụ jikọtara ọnụ iji guzobe American Youth Congress. N'inwe nchegbu banyere ọtụtụ nsogbu nke oge ahụ, nzukọ a gara n'ihu na-ewepụta nkwupụta nke ikike nke ndị ntorobịa America na US Congress. Ìgwè ahụ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma nke na onye isi nchịkwa ya kwuru na ọ bụ "ụdị ụbụrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ nke New Deal". Ọ bụ ezie na mkpọsa nke AYC dugara na mmepe nke National Youth Administration na ngwụcha afọ 1930, mgbalị ya kwụsịrị mgbe ndị isi AYC kwadoro nkwekọrịta Molotovī Ribbentrop; nke a dugara na enweghị nkwado site na ndị otu AYC na ndị mmekọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mpụga, dị ka First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. Nkewa a kpatara ọdịda ngwa ngwa nke nzukọ ahụ, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ndị na-akwado ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nkwado ndị otu ya nwụsịrị, AYC dara.
Afọ Nd 1960s na 1980s
N'afọ ndị 1960, ikpe abụọ dị ịrịba ama nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States, nke ọtụtụ n'ime echiche ndị Justice Abe Fortas dere, kpebiri na ha na-akwado ikike ndị ntorobịa. Otu bụ Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District nke guzobere nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze, na nke ọzọ bụ In re Gault, nke nyere ikike usoro kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro ikpe ụmụaka.
Mgbanwe ahụ pụtara ọzọ na mbido afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri isii site na mbata nke Students for a Democratic Society na Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor. A na-ekweta mmetụta nke mmegharị ahụ na mmegharị mmegide agha nke mba Vietnam, ọkachasị maka nkwenye ya na ike ndị ntorobịa site na ime ihe ike. Dị ka Keith Hefner, onye ndú nke Youth Liberation, si kwuo, "Bob Moses, onye nduda nke Freedom Summer na 1964 nke na-elekọta Algebra Project ugbu a, na Bill Ayers nke Weather Underground onye na-akụzi ma na-ede banyere ndị ntorobịa ugbu a, bụ naanị abụọ n'ime puku ndị na-eme ihe ike na 1960s ndị tụgharịrị echiche na agụụ ha na ndị ntorobịa..."
N'afọ 1974, e bu ụzọ kọwaa òtù ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya na mbipụta nke Escape From Childhood nke John Holt, nke Holt kwadoro na,
Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, e bipụtara akwụkwọ ọzọ na-elekwasị anya na ikike ndị ntorobịa, Birthrights nke Richard Farson. N'ime afọ ndị ọzọ nke 1970s na mmalite 1980s, ikike ndị ntorobịa chere mmeghachi omume ihu, na-adaba n'aka ndị na-echebe ihe na-eme ka ụmụaka nwee ikike.
Na Machị 1986, ndị ntorobịa na ndị okenye asaa bụ ndị e metọrọ ma leghaara anya mgbe ha bụ ụmụaka guzobere National Child Rights Alliance. Nzukọ ahụ malitere ndụ ya dị ka otu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụaka na-echebe ụmụaka pụọ na mmetọ, mana ka ọ na-eto ma na-agbanwe, ọ malitere ịza ajụjụ na usoro ihe ndị ruere ndị ntorobịa, na-agafe akwụkwọ ikike ndị ntorobịa na 1989. Nzukọ ahụ gbasara na 1999 n'ihi nsogbu ego.
Afọ Ndị 1990s ruo ugbu a
N'etiti afọ ndị 1990, otu ndị ntorobịa na-eduzi maka ikike nnwere onwe malitere na Ịntanetị. Òtù a a na-ahụ maka ikike ndị ntorobịa jikọtara na 1996 n'ime ndị America maka Society Free from Age Restrictions (ASFAR). N'oge na-adịghị anya, nkewa pụtara n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe ike na ndị na-adịghị mma n'ime ASFAR nke dugara n'ịmepụta na 1998 nke National Youth Rights Association (NYRA). NYRA, nke ndị isi ASFAR na YouthSpeak guzobere, ka e guzobere iji mee ka ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ndị ntorobịa bụrụ ndị ọkachamara.
Mr. Del
Maazị Del (onye amụrụ Delmar H. Lawrence III; June 10, 1978) bụ ónyé America Christian rapper na onye na-emepụta egwu. Ọ bụ ónyé isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ na-edekọ ihe n'onwe ya Dedicated Music Group (DMG) / Universal Records. Ọ natara nhọpụta Grammy màkà Best Rock Gospel Album nke afọ na nhọpụta 2010 GMA Dove Award màkà Rap / Hip Hop Album nke afọ. E wepụtara abọm mbụ ya, The Future (EMI Gospel), n'afọ 2005 wee malite na No. 15 na Billboard Gospel Chart. Hope Dealer, e wepụtara na 2007 wee ruo n'ọkwa nke 47 na Billboard Gospel Chart ma gosipụta onye egwu jazz America bụ Kirk Whalum. Thrilla (DMG / Universal Records), e wepụtara na 2009 ma malite na No. 2 na Christian R&B / Hip Hop Chart.
History of youth rights in the United States
Afọ Ndị 1990s ruo ugbu a
Taa, òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ndị ntorobịa aghọwo òtù sara mbara, na ndị isi isi sitere na NYRA nke òtù ndị dị n'okpuru ụwa gbakwunyere.
Mr. Del
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Maazị Del Delmar Lawrence na Memphis, TN. Ọ malitere ọrụ egwu ya na-edekọ egwu ya na otu egwu rap Three 6 Mafia. Mgbè o nyechara ndụ ya nye Kraịst n'afọ 2000, ọ hapụrụ ụdị rap nke ụwa iji malite ozi nke ya na ákàrà ndekọ.
History of youth rights in the United States
Afọ Ndị 1990s ruo ugbu a
Òtù ndị dị ka The Freechild Project na Global Youth Action Network na-etinye òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ndị ntorobịa n'ime mpaghara nke ndị ntorobịa mba ụwa na ndị ntorobịa na-eme ihe. Òtù ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Oblivion na Peacefire na-enye nkwado maka òtù na-ahụ maka ikike ndị ntorobịa.
Mr. Del
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
History of youth rights in the United States
Afọ Ndị 1990s ruo ugbu a
Afọ ndị otu puku, narị itoolu na iri itoolu ha na afọ puku abụọ ha, hụkwara mmeghachi omume n'akwụkwọ ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ndị ntorobịa. Akwụkwọ abụọ dị mkpa maka òtù ahụ, The Scapegoat Generation na Framing Youth site na ngwụcha 90s site n'aka Mike Males na-akọwa ikpe na a na-ata ndị na-eto eto ụta n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi maka nsogbu nke ọha mmadụ ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe dị mma. Males na-akọwa mwakpo a wakporo ndị ntorobịa dị ka "ọrịa mba, nke na-enweghị isi n'eziokwu, ihe na-egbochi anwụrụ ọkụ maka ọdịda nke okenye na idu ndú ya iji chee nsogbu ndị ka ukwuu ihu". Ka e mesịrị, na 2007, Robert Epstein bipụtara akwụkwọ zuru oke maka ikike ndị ntorobịa kemgbe afọ 1970 na The Case Against Adolescence. Albert Ellis kọwara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka "otu n'ime akwụkwọ mgbanwe kachasị m gụrụ". Adam Fletcher wepụtara akwụkwọ n'efu akpọrọ, A Short Introduction to Youth Rights site na The Freechild Project na 2014.
Ebemsidee
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Seif Wanly
Mohammed Seif al-Din Wanly nke a na-akpọkarị Seif Wanly (سيف وانلي) (March 31, 1906 na February 15, 1979) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'Ijipt.
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Wanly na Alexandria, Egypt, na 1906 n'ime ezinụlọ nke sitere na Turkey.
O webatara nka nke oge a na Ijipt mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe n'Ịtali bụ Otorino Becchi. N'afọ 1942, ya na nwanne ya nwoke Adham Wanly guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya ma ha sonyere n'ihe karịrị ihe ngosi iri na asaa, ọkachasị na Biennale nke Venice na São Paulo, Brazil. Na ngwụcha afọ 1950, Wanly gara Nubia iji mepụta usoro ihe osise na eserese na-egosi ndụ na Egypt maka ọrụ gọọmentị iji dekọọ ọdịbendị na ọnọdụ tupu mbata nke mere iji mee ka iwu Aswan High Dam. Taa, a raara ala dum nke Mahmoud Said Museum na Alexandria nye Seif na Adham Wanly.
Ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie chịkọtara ọrụ ya. Ndị a gụnyere Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art na Doha, Darat AL Funoon na Amman, na Barjeel Art Foundation na Sharjah.
Ndụ onwe
Ọ nwụrụ na 1979 na Stockholm mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asaa na abụọ
Ememe ncheta
N'afọ 2015, Google Doodle mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ otu narị na itoolu.
Kontomire stew
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kontomire_Stew%2C_Eggs_and_Plantian.jpg/220px-Kontomire_Stew%2C_Eggs_and_Plantian.jpg|thumb|Kontomire Stew na àkwá na plantain Kontomire stew bụ stew e ji akwụkwọ ede mee (nke a maara n'asụsụ Akan dị ka "kontomire"), nke a na-akwadebe n'ụlọ ma bụrụ nke a ma ama na nri Ghana. Na Ghana, a na-enye stew kontomire na nri dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere osikapa a na-esi ísì ụtọ, yam e siri esi na ịpa. A na-ekwu na aha Bekee ya bụ palava sauce sitere n'aka ndị Elmina.
Ihe ndị e ji mee ya
thumb|Ịkwadebe stew kontomire. Ihe ndị no na ime stew bụ:
Ụlọ elu Millennium(Abuja)
Ọrụ Millennium Tower na etiti omenala bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ọrụ dị na Etiti Distrikti nke isi obodo Nigeria bụ Abuja. Na mita otu narị na iri asaa (narị ise na iri isii ), ọ bụ ihe owuwu aka kachasị elu na Abuja. Ọ bụ Manfredi Nicoletti chepụtara ụlọ elu ahụ ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Nigeria mba mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyekwara Omenala etiti Nigerian, ụlọ elu asatọ, ala, pyramid-shaped Etiti omenala. Ihe owuwu maka ụlọ elu ahụ malitere na puku abụọ na isii ma rụchaa ya na puku abụọ na iri na ano mgbe a ka na-ewu ebe ọdịnala ahụ. áká_èkpè|thumb|213x213px|Ụlọ elu Millennium, ka na-ewu na Jenụwarị puku abụọ na iri na asaa A na-ekewa saịtị ahụ site na okporo ụzọ bụ isi, yabụ a ga-ejikọta ihe owuwu abụọ ahụ site na arcade dị n'okpuru ala. Ụlọ elu ahụ nwere ihe owuwu atọ yiri ogidi cylindrical nke dịgasị iche iche n'ịdị elu ma jikọta ọnụ n'akụkụ elu mbụ nke ụlọ elu ahụ site na iji akụkụ dị ka diski nke e bu n'uche ka ọ bụrụ ebe a na-ekiri ihe na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-ekiri. Gburugburu ogidi nke ụlọ elu ahụ, nku atọ na-apụta ìhè na-enweghị ntụpọ na-ekpuchi ala ụlọ elu ahụ ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emeghe n'èzí n'ụdị fan ka ha na-agbasa n'elu elu ụlọ elu ahụ.
Ihe odide
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Amon Kotei
Nii Amon Kotei (24 Mee 1915 - 17 Ọktoba 2011) bụ onye Ghana na-ese ihe, onye na-ese egwu, onye na-agu egwu, na onye na-eme ihe osise. A na-echetakarị Kotei ma na-eme emume dị ka onye na-emepụta uwe agha nke Ghana. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na Ghana.
Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Kotei na 24 Mee 1915, na La, nso Accra. O sitere n'agbụrụ Ga.
Agụmakwụkwọ na ozi agha
E nyere Kotei ohere agụmakwụkwọ n'efu na Achimota School ma mesịa natakwa ohere agụmakwụkwọ n'efu iji mụọ nka na London School of Printing and Graphic Art site na 1949 ruo 1952. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Royal West African Frontier Force ma rụọ ọrụ na Cartographic Division nke ndị agha na-ese map na atụmatụ maka ndị agha nọ n'ihu.
Ntinye ya ndị a ma ama
Enyemaka ya a ma ama bụ ịmepụta Coat of Arms nke Ghana na 4 Machị 1957. Gọọmentị ndị Britain na-achị mba ahụ nyere Kotei iwu ka ọ dochie baajị ochie nke gosipụtara Elephant na osisi nkwụ; akara abụọ a na-eji eme ihe na mpaghara British West Africa niile. Mgbe atụmatụ mbụ ya gasịrị, n'okpuru ntụziaka gọọmentị, e zigara Coat of Arms na Queen's College of Heraldry maka nkwado.
Akara agha nke Ghana, nke a na-ahụ n'isi akwụkwọ ozi gọọmentị niile, nwere ọta, nke St. George's Cross na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ kewara n'ụzọ anọ, nke e ji ọlaedo gbaa gburugburu.
Ihe nrite
E nyere ya State Honour of Grand Medal, Civil Division, Coat of Arms Design nke onye isi ala Jerry Rawlings nyere ya na Friday, 7 March 1997. Ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye ndị ọzọ.
Efigênia dos Santos Lima Clemente
Efigênia Mariquinhas dos Santos Lima Clemente bụ onye otu nke Pan-Afrikan Parliament si obodo Angola, malite na afo 2004.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Callista Chimombo
Madame Callista Chapola-Chimombo (Callista Mutharika) (amụrụ ya na 24 Mee n’afo 1959) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo Malawi na nwunye di ya nke Onye isi ala Bingu wa Mutharika. O jere ozi dịka First Lady nke Republic of Malawi site na afo 2010 ruo afo 2012. Chimombo bụ onye otu Cabinet nke obodo Malawi dịka onye nhazi mba nke ahụike nne, nwa ọhụrụ na nwa na HIV / nri na-edozi ahụ / ịba ya na ụkwara nta.
Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dịka Kọmishọna Ukwu nke obodo Malawi na Republik nke Kenya, o nyere onye isi ala Kenya asambodo ya na 1 Eprel n’ afo 2022. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye otu Pan-African Parliament, yana dịka Minista Malawi nke Njem, Anụ Ọhịa na Ọdịbendị.
Ka ọ na-erute afọ 2005, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ nke Malawi Women's Caucus. Chimombo bụbu onye otu Democratic Progressive Party na onye bụbu onye otu nke ndi United Democratic Front (UDF). Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Chinedum Iregbu
thumb|344x344px|Chinedum 'Maxzy' Iregbu, na Senegambia Beach Hotel, Kololi, Banjul, Gambia (2012) Chinedum Iregbu // (na-ege ntị) (amụrụ na Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria) bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ede uri. Chinedum bụ ugbu a Quality Control Manager maka EbonyLife TV, DSTV Channel 165. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka Saint Maxzy ma ọ bụ Maxzy.
Chinedum Iregbu bụ onye na-eto eto na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri na Naijiria, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-ese sinima nwa oge. O nwere asambodo na mmepụta ihe nkiri sitere na Gaston Kabore's Imagine Film Training Institute, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, asambodo diplọma na Mass Communication site na Mahadum Jos na nzere bachelọ na Film Arts / Motion Picture Production site n'aka National Film Institute, Jos Nigeria.
Ọrụ ya
Ihe nkiri ya dị ka onye nduzi gụnyere ihe nrite ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, In Dele Giwa's Shoes, Question Mark, Dud's Culture, ahọpụtara maka 2008 Berlinale Talent Campus na Anfara, ihe ngosi nke otu n'ime ihe kpatara ọgba aghara obodo na mpaghara ndị dị na Naịjirịa, nke nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye gụnyere 化Best Director, Best Videography, Best Edit na Best Score na Nigerian Television Authority TVC Legacy Awards 2011, ma merie Ihe nrite Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-apụta nke afọ 2012 na Silicon Valley African Film Festival na Anfara.
Ihe ndekọ ya gụnyere: "Point of no return" nkọwa nke obi ọjọọ mmadụ megide ụmụ anụmanụ, Great Commission Movement of West Africa's History, Lalle, ihe ngosi banyere egbugbu obodo, There is Nothing Wrong With My Uncle, ihe ngosi gbasara Mysticism of Death na Becky's Journey (2014), Sine Plambech (Denmark) Ihe ngosi banyere ndị mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị si Naịga na Europe wdg.
Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Talent na-eto eto nke e nyere ọrụ ịse ihe nkiri iri abuo nke Documentaries maka ncheta ncheta afọ iri ise nke Nigeria nwere nnwere onwe ma rụọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ nke gọọmentị steeti na Naijiria tinyere Gọvanọ Liyel Imoke na Gọvanọ Emmanuel Eweta Uduaghan.
Hụkwa Ihe ọzọ
Chinedum arụwokwa ọrụ maka òtù ndị dị ka Soundcity TV, Aljazeera, Ihe nrite AMAA Copa Coca-Cola, ịkpọ aha ole na ole, ọ bụ ugbu a Quality Control Manager maka EbonyLife TV, Channel 165.
Edensibia
Òtù:Ndị Igbo Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Pascale Quao-Gaudens
Pascale Quao-Gaudens (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya Pascale Quau-Gauden Clavreuil) (amụrụ n'afọ 1963) bụ onye edemede na onye na-ese ihe na Ivory Coast.
A mụrụ ya na Abidjan, Quao-Gaudens gụrụ akwụkwọ na mba ya tupu ọ gaa France maka agụmakwụkwọ mahadum. Ọ họọrọ ịmụ nka plastik, wee gaa Paris na 1986, ebe ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise maka ọtụtụ ndị nchịkọta akụkọ. O nwetakwara ọkwa dị ka odeakwụkwọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Bordas. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ laghachiri Abidjan iji na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na ebe ngosi nka. O bipụtara mpịakọta nke uri na akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ala nna ya, a na-edekwa uri ya ma sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ Bekee.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Climate change in Ethiopia
thumb|Ụdị ihu igwe Köppen nke [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụtawanye nsogbu ahụike na mba Etiopia dị ka ọnwụ na ọrịa n'ihi idei mmiri na oke okpomọkụ, ọrịa na-ebute ọrịa, ọrịa na mmiri, meningitis, na ọrịa iku ume metụtara mmetọ ikuku. Ọ gara n'ihu n'ọtụtụ oge ma bụrụ isi nsogbu na ọrụ ugbo na ahụike. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a naghị eme nchọpụta gbasara nsogbu ihu igwe ma enweghị nhazi na-esote, ebe enwere nchọpụta na ọmụmụ ole na ole na-akọwapụta ọnọdụ metrological. Na mgbakwunye, enwere obere mmata na ndị ọkachamara a zụrụ azụ iji dozie nsogbu metụtara ahụike nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara.
Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ
Kemgbe afọ 1970, Etiopia echewo ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ugboro ugboro ihu site n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mpaghara. N'agbata afọ 1960 na afọ 2006, okpomọkụ kwa afọ ji 1.3 °C rịa elu. Na nkezi, ọnụego ahụ ga-abụ 0.28 °C na okpomọkụ ọ bụla afọ iri.
Site n'afọ 1961 ruo n'afọ 1990, nyocha nke Ethiopian National Communication chọpụtara nnukwu mgbanwe nke oghere na oge; ihe na-adịchaghị na mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ na mba, mana na-ebelata na mpaghara ugwu ka ọ na-abawanye na mpaghara etiti nke Ethiopia. Nnyocha ahụ gosikwara afọ ọkọchị na mmiri na okpomọkụ n'ime afọ 50 gara aga. Dị ka ụdị mpaghara na-ebu amụma na mmiri ozuzo na-abawanye, nyocha dị elu na-egosi mmụba na mbelata nke mmiri ozuzo zuru oke; mgbanwe mmiri ozuzo dịkwa na-ebupụta na enwere ike ime idei mmiri na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo metụtara mmepụta ọrụ ugbo. Mmiri ozuzo na-abawanye kpọmkwem na Julaị ruo n'ọnwa September na October ruo December.
Ihe omume ndị siri ike
thumb|Ìgwè ehi n'akụkụ osimiri nke mpaghara Afar Ihe omume ndị siri ike dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri, okpomọkụ na-arịwanye elu na mmiri ozuzo a na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Etiopia. Mpaghara ala dị ala na-enwekarị ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ugboro ugboro na oke. Dị ka akụkọ ụlọ akụ ụwa nke afọ 2010 si kwuo, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-emetụta Etiopia ugboro ugboro kemgbe mmalite afọ 1980, ise n'ime ha kpatara ụnwụ nri na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ ụkọ mmiri ezuzo. Oké ọkọchị na-eduga n'ịkpọ nkụ mmiri na ụkọ mmiri n'ikpeazụ. Nsonaazụ na-esote na-eduga na adịghị ọcha ma nwee ike iduga na nnyefe ọrịa na-efe efe. thumb|Gilgel Abbay n'oge idei mmiri N'afọ 2015, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ iri na ise nwụrụ n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke El Niño kpatara na Etiopia. Nnukwu ide mmiri mere n'afọ 1988, n'agbata afọ 1993 na afọ 1996, n'afọ 2006 kpatara ọnwụ dị ukwuu na mmebi ihe onwunwe. Na Gambela, mgbanwe ihu igwe na-akpata usoro ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, site na osimiri ndị dị ka Baro, Akobo, Gilo na Alwero na ala ala nke mpaghara ahụ. Ide mmiri nke afọ 2008 na Gambela kpatara site na mmụba ugboro ugboro na oke nke ide mmiri.
Na mpaghara Afar, ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe na-echegbu onwe ya nke ukwuu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ụmụaka na-anwụ. O nwekwara ihe kachasị njọ na enweghị ụlọ ọgwụ na ndị ọrụ nwere ike ime ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. Akụkọ 2011 gosiri na oke ọkọchị, mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma, ọrịa anụmanụ, ụkọ mmiri na ọrịa mmadụ aghọwo nnukwu ihe ize ndụ na Chifra woreda. Mpaghara ahụ dakwara n'ime mmebi ala oge; mmebi dị ịrịba ama nke oke ìgwè atụrụ n'ezinụlọ ọ bụla, mmụba nke akụrụngwa na mpụta nke ebe obibi ka mma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.
Na mpaghara Borena na Somalia, oke okpomọkụ, mmụba nke ala barrel, uzuzu na ifufe na ụkọ mmiri kpatara nsogbu ahụike. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ihe onwunwe dị na obodo Shinile nwere mmetụta dị njọ site na ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe. Okpomọkụ dị elu n'ógbè ahụ na-eduga na oke mmiri ozuzo na ọrịa mmiri na-ebute na Borena.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Hasna Mohamed Dato
Hasna Mohamed Dato (amụrụ ya na 10 Nọvemba n’ afo 1959) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo Djibouti na onye otu ndị omeiwu Pan-Afrikan si obodo Djibouti.
A mụrụ Dato na Obock ma o bụkwazi onye otu People's Rally for Progress (RPP). A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke mba Djibouti na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Jenụwarị afo 2003 dịla onye nke iri ato na ise na ndepụta ndị otu Union for a Presidential Majority (UMP) na mpaghara Djibouti. Mgbe ntuli aka a gasịrị, a họpụtara ya dịka odeakwụkwọ-akụkọ nke Legislation ya na General Administration Commission na National Assembly na 26 Jenụwarị afo 2003.
N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Machị nke afọ 2004, ndị omeiwu mba ahụ họpụtara Dato dịla otu n'ime ndị otu ise mbụ nke Djibouti nke ndị omeiwu Pan-Afrikan.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Climate change in Uganda
thumb|Glaciers na Ugwu Rwenzori, dị ka ndị a na Ugwu Speke, na-agbaze n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe. thumb|Ubi tii na Uganda thumb|Ụmụ nwanyị na-alụ ọgụ maka enweghị nri n'oge owuwe ihe ubi n'oge ọkọchị Mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na Uganda na-arịwanye elu, na-emetụta ndụ ụmụ amaala mba ahụ na gburugburu ya. O meela ka ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị egwu dị ka ihe a na-atụghị anya ya, oke ọkọchị na mmiri ozuzo dị ogologo. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Uganda na-abụkarị nke na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri ozuzo na usoro anwụ na-achasi ike. N'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe, oge agbanweela, na oge mmiri ozuzo na-agbanwe agbanwe na ogologo na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ọkachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa Anyanwụ Uganda. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nwere ike imetụta mmepe nke Uganda, n'ihi adịghị ike nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche nke Uganda.
Mmiri na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi okpomọkụ
Ọnụ ọgụgụ gas na-ekpo ọkụ nke Uganda dị ala nke ukwuu, ebe carbon dioxide anaghị agafe 150 kilogram kwa onye kwa afọ, ma na-agbakọta ihe dị ka nde tọn 5 kwa afọ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2022, ihe karịrị 90% nke ọkụ eletrik nke Uganda sitere na mmiri eletrik, mana ọtụtụ ime obodo enweghị ọkụ eletrik ma na-ere ọkụ maka isi nri. A katọrọ gọọmentị maka ịkpata mgbukpọ ọhịa.
Okpomọkụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe
Kemgbe afọ 1960, nkezi okpomọkụ na Uganda ejirila 1.3 °C rịa elu, okpomọkụ kachasị elu ejirila 0.5ī1.2 °C rịrị elu, okirikiri kachasị elu ejiri 0.6ī0.9 °C rịbawanye. A hụla nkezi okirikiri na-abawanye na 0.28 °C kwa afọ iri, na nchọpụta okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ụbọchị na abalị kwa afọ. Mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa Ugwu Rwenzori, site n'ime ka ice gbazee, na-abawanye mmiri na Osimiri Ny High, Mubuku, na Ruimi. Nke a emeela ka idei mmiri na-enwekarị na mpaghara Rwenzori. Site n'afọ 1906 ruo n'afọ 2003, ogige ice belatara site na 6.5 sq km ruo ihe na-erughị 1 sq km, ma nwee ike ịgbaze kpamkpam n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ. N'afọ 2012, ọkụ ọhịa gbara n'ógbè Rwenzori, na-eme ka ala ice gbazee, na-eduga na idei mmiri nke osimiri gbara ugwu ahụ gburugburu.
N'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2022, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo gbara Ugwu Muhavura gburugburu mebiri ụlọ na okporo ụzọ na Kisoro District, karịsịa na-emetụta Nyarusiza, Muramba na Bunagana. A kọrọ na mmadụ itoolu anwụọla na ọtụtụ puku mmadụ gbara ọsọ ndụ ma ọ bụ ọdachi a metụtara ya.
N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2010, ala dara na ndagwurugwu nke Ugwu Elgon, na mpaghara Bududa, nke gburu mmadụ iri ise ma hapụ ọtụtụ puku ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi. N'afọ 2018, e nwere ala ọzọ dara n'Ugwu Elgon, nke gburu mmadụ 28, ma hapụ ọtụtụ puku ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ọzọ. Ka ọ na-erule 30 Septemba n'afọ 2021, ngụkọta nke mmadụ 20,739 agbaala n'ime ụlọ. Mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị ahụkebe kpatara mbuze ala niile. Na Kasese District, a na-enwe idei mmiri ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kwa afọ, nke na-akpata mmetụta siri ike na ndụ na ndụ nke ndị bi na ya. N'ihi ya, a na-eli ma ọ bụ bibie ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ, na-ahapụ ọtụtụ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi.
N'ụbọchị Satọdee 30 Julaị 2022 n'ihe dị ka elekere asatọ nke ehihie EAT, e nwere mmiri ozuzo nke were ọtụtụ awa ruo ihe dị ka elekeri asaa nke ụtụtụ EAT n'ụtụtụ Sọnde 31 Julaị 2022. Nke a mere ka osimiri Nabuyonga na osimiri Namatala gbawaa n'akụkụ osimiri na-akpata idei mmiri na mbuze ala na mpaghara Mbale, Kapsinda Sub-county, Kapchorwa District. Nke a mere ka mmadụ 24 nwụọ naanị na Mbale ka ọ na-erule 2 Ọgọstụ 2022, a chọtara ozu ndị ọzọ n'ụbọchị ahụ. Na Mbale, ọtụtụ n'ime ebe ndị metụtara bụ Mbale City, Nabuyonga, Nkoma na Namakwekwe na Northern City Division na Namatala na Industrial City Division.
Mmetụta na ihe onwunwe mmiri
Mmiri na ngalaba nhicha nke Uganda enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu n'obodo ukwu site n'etiti afọ 1990 ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 2006, yana mmụba dị ukwuu na mkpuchi. Mgbanwe site n'afọ 1998 ruo 2003 gụnyere azụmahịa na mmelite nke National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) na-arụ ọrụ n'obodo ukwu na obodo ukwu, yana decentralization na ntinye aka nke onwe na obere obodo. Uganda nwere ihe onwunwe mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ruru 2085 cubic mita kwa afọ, nke dị n'elu oke a ghọtara na mba ụwa nke 100 m3/afọ nke ụkọ mmiri. Ka o sina dị, a na-emepụta ngalaba mmiri ma naanị ihe dị ka 0.5% nke mmiri niile dịnụ ka a na-eji kwa afọ. Uganda enweela ọganihu na mmelite na mmiri site na imeziwanye ụlọ ọrụ, na-abawanye site na 39% nnweta n'afọ 1990 ruo 48% n'afọ 2008, na, n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ na ime obodo, site na 40% na 1990 ruo 49% n'afọ 2008. Nke a abụghị eziokwu na obodo ukwu, nke mụbara site na 35% n'afọ 1995 ruo 38% na 2008. thumb|Osimiri Naịl ọcha na Uganda
Mmetụta akụ na ụba
Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba Uganda nwere ngalaba atọ dị mkpa, ọrụ ugbo, ụlọ ọrụ, na ọrụ, nke niile nwere oke nsogbu maka mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta ngalaba ọrụ ugbo site n'ibelata ebe kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọrụ ugbo n'ihi mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na-agbanwe ogologo oge nke oge uto, na-ebelata ikike mmepụta ihe, na-abawanye ugboro ugboro na ịdị njọ nke ihe ndị siri ike (karịsịa ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri), yana ịbawanye ọrịa osisi.
Nkọwa mmebi nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọrụ ugbo, mmiri, akụrụngwa na ngalaba ike n'ozuzu ya ruru pasent 2 nke GDP n'etiti afọ 2010 na 2050. N'inwe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 48,432,863, Uganda bụ mba na-eduga n'ọrụ ugbo, na atụmatụ nke 231,157 hekta nke ala eji arụ ọrụ ugbo.
Ọrụ ugbo na anụ ụlọ
Mgbanwe ihu igwe emetụtala ọrụ ugbo, nke bụ ngalaba kachasị mkpa nke akụ na ụba. Ihe ka ukwuu n'ime mmepụta sitere na ndị ọrụ ugbo pere mpe. Nkezi okpomọkụ dị n'etiti 18 na 30 °C, mana ọ nwere ike ịrị elu ruo ihe dị ka 37 °C n'ebe ụfọdụ.
Mmetụta ahụike
Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-amụba ihe ndị na-ebute ọrịa mmiri dị ka dysentery, ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, ịba ọcha n'anya E, ọrịa ndị na-efe efe, ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa ndị metụtara nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ, na ọkachasị ịba. Atụmatụ mmepe nke anọ nke ngalaba ahụike nke mba Uganda na-egosi mkpa ọ dị ịmepụta "usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị n'oge na mgbasa nke amụma ihu igwe iji nyere ndị njikwa ahụike aka imeziwanye nkwadebe na nzaghachi".
Mbelata na mgbanwe
E nyela ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ọrụ, ma ọ bụ kwadebere akụkọ, maka ijikwa ike ihu igwe, gụnyere National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA), Ngalaba Mgbanwe ihu igwe nke Ministry of Water and Environment, National Forestry Authority, Ministry of Lands, Housing & Urban Development, Ministry of Works and Transport, na Uganda Wildlife Authority.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Yorxe
Roxanne Jeanal Bolzonello (amụrụ n'abalị abụọ nke June afọ 1998), nke a maara dị ka aha Yorxe, bụ onye South Africa na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu. O bu ụzọ nweta nlebara anya na ngwụsị afọ 2020 mgbe egwu ya "Down with Me" pụtara na egwu n'elu ewu maka ihe nkiri The Doorman. O weputara egwu ya "Bang Bang", "Hide Your Bodies", na "Like Me" n'afọ 2020.
2019-dị ugbu a: Ndị ana-ere
N'abalị iri na asaa nke n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2020, Yorxe wepụtara egwu mbụ̀ ya Down With Me. Nke a bụ ndepụta maka ọgụ nke ịlụ onye na-abụghị onye omenala kwadoro ma nwee mmetụta egwu ọzọ nwere ụda nke ndakọ̀rita ntọala abụ. E weputara vidio egwu "Down with Me" na Vevo n'abalị̀ iri abụọ na anọ̀ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2020. N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2020, e gosipụtara egwu mbụ ya "Down with Me" na trailer maka ihe nkiri The Doorman, nke mere ka Yorxe bụrụ <i id="mwPA">onye</i> ama ama na Spotify na YouTube.
N'abalị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2020, Yorxe wepụtara egwu ọzọ ya bụ "Bang Bang". Dị ka S. Ben Ali si kwuo, "Bang Bang" bụ "ihe osise mara mma na ngosipụta ziri ezi nke ike egwu Yorxe.
N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2020, Yorxe wepụtara egwu ya bụ "Like Me". Dị ka Yorxe si kwuo, egwu ahụ bụ "ihe gbasara echiche ọ bụla nwere mkpụrụ eziokwu na echiche nke a na-ekwuputaghị ekwupụta I nweerela ọ bụla ị nwetụla, ọkachasị isiokwu ndị na arụ na ndị na-adịghị mma". Dị ka otu egwu ya "Hide Your Bodies", o ji ụda mmepụta dị egwu nke na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbakọta dị ka otu n'ime ụda akara Yorxe. Yorxe wepụtara vidiyo egwu maka egwu "Like Me" na Vevo n'abalị̀ iri na anọ nke ọnwa ọgọstụ afọ 2020.
E wepụtara egwu ọhụrụ Yorxe bụ "Black Dog" n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2021. Dị ka Indie Criollo si kwuo, "Black Dog" bụ egwu rock dị ike ma dị saịtị iji nụ ụtọ egwu.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Auma Obama
Rita Auma Obama (amụrụ n'afọ 1960), bụ onye na-akwado obodo Kenya-British, ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze, onye nta akụkọ, onye ode akwụkwọ, na ọkara nwanne onye isi ala 44th nke United States, Barack Obama. Obama na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche onye isi oche nke Sauti Kuu Foundation (Strong Voices Foundation), òtù na-abaghị uru na-enyere ụmụ mgbei na ndị na-eto eto ndị ọzọ na-alụso ịda ogbenye ọgụ na Kenya.
Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Auma Obama bụ nwa nwanyị Barack Obama Sr. na nwunye mbụ ya, Kezia Obama (née Aoko). Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị Barack Obama. Mgbe ọ gachara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na nke sekọndrị, ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ iji gaa mahadum na Germany. Ọ gụrụ German na Mahadum Heidelberg site na 1981 ruo 1987. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Heidelberg, ọ gara n'ihu maka ọmụmụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Bayreuth, gụsịrị akwụkwọ site na nzere Doctor of Philosophy na 1996. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na German Film and Television Academy na Berlin. Ọrụ ikpeazụ nke Obama na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ihe Nkiri bụ ihe nkiri nkeji iri abụọ na All That Glitters (1993), nke na-agwakọta mgbakọ ụdị na-egosi adịghị ike nke ndụ ndị ojii na mgbe e jikọtara Germany..
Ndụ mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ gachara
Obama biri na United Kingdom ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, o nyeere nne ya bụ́ Kezia aka isi na Kenya kwaga UK. E nyere Kezia ikike ịbụ nwa amaala Britain n'afọ 2011.
N'afọ 1996, Obama lụrụ onye England, Ian Manners. Ha bụ nne na nna Akinyi Manners (amụrụ n'afọ 1997). Obama na Manners gbara alụkwaghịm n'afọ 2000. N'afọ 2007, Obama na Akinyi kwagara Kenya.
N'afọ 2021, ọ gbara egwu na ihe ngosi ịgba egwú German Let's Dance, ụdị German nke Dancing with the Stars. O ruru ebe nke ise.
Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-atụle
Na 2011, a gbara Obama ajụjụ ọnụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Turk Pipkin Building Hope ma bụrụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ German The Education of Auma Obama. N'afọ 2017, a na-asọpụrụ Obama na onyinye nke anọ International TÜV Rheinland Global Compact Award na Cologne.. N'emume mmeri ahụ, ọ natara ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara pụrụ iche Der Griff nach den Sternen (Nweta maka kpakpando) site n'aka onye na-ese ihe Hannes Helmke. Obama bụ onye dere akwụkwọ And Then Life Happens, nke St. Martin's Press wepụtara na 2012.
Obama bụ onye otu World Future Council. Ọ bụkwa onye otu ndị nlekọta nke Germany Reading Foundation, yana onye otu ndụmọdụ nke Bayreuth Academy of Advanced African Studies na Mahadum BayreuthỌ na-eje ozi na kansụl nke Kilimanjaro Initiative na Nairobi. Kemgbe 2014, Dr. Obama abụrụla onye na-elekọta Ememme Akụkọmoja International na Kenya. Ọ bụkwa onye malitere Sauti Kuu Act Now Awards..
Ụlọ akụ mbupụ-Import nke Naijiria
Ọrụ NEXIM bụ ịbawanye ọnụego mbupụ nke ngwaahịa na-abụghị mmanụ maka obere, ọkara, na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na ngalaba niile nke akụ na ụba site n'inye ego, mmemme na-ebu ihe ize ndụ, na ọrụ ndụmọdụ dịka iwu azụmahịa gọọmentị si dị.
Isi ụlọ ọrụ Nexim dị na NEXIM Ụlọ, Central Azụmahịa Mpaghara, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria. Ụlọ Nexim nwere ókèala site na Kur Mohammed Okporo ụzọ n'ebe ugwu, Ahmadu Bello ụzọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Iwu Okporo ụzọ n'akụkụ ndịda. Ntọala ala ya bụ: 09°03'44.0"N, 07°29'37.0"E (Latitude: 09.062222; Longitude:07.493611).
E guzobere NEXIM na 1991 dị ka njikọ aka n'etiti Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) na Federal Ministry of Finance Incorporated (MOFI), na isi obodo mbụ nke NGN: 50,000,000,000 (ihe dịka. US $ 132 nde na ego 2021. *Rịba ama: US$1.00 = NGN379.52 na 27 Febụwarị 2021.
1. "Nnye ndokwa nke nkwa ego mbupụ na mkpuchi ego mbupụ nye ndị ahịa ruru eru".
2. "Nkwado ego na ego obodo nye ndị ahịa ya iji kwado mbupụ".
3. "Nkwado nke ego mgbanwe mba ọzọ maka ịgbazinye ndị na-ebupụ ihe ndị chọrọ mbubata ihe si mba ọzọ iji mee ka mmepụta mbupụ dị mfe".
4. "Nkwado nke usoro ozi azụmahịa iji kwado azụmahịa mbupụ".
Onye nwe ya
Ụlọ ọrụ ego ahụ bụ nke CBN na MOFI, na 50/50.
Cherif Merzouki
Cherif Merzouki ma ọ bụ Cherif Merzougui ma ọ bụ Merzogui (February 8, 1951 Amentan, Menaa, Aurès - April 4, 1991 Aurès ) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-emeputa ihe osise.
Iweghachi ọhịa
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|320x320px|N'afọ ndị 1980, òtù na-ahụ maka nchekwa dọrọ aka ná ntị na, ozugbo e bibiri ya, a pụghị iweghachi ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ. Afọ iri atọ nke nyocha mweghachi ugbu a na-agbagha nke a: a) Ebe a dị na Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, N. Thailand e gburu ọhịa, kụọ ya n'ike ma kpọọ ya ọkụ. Ogwe osisi ojii bụ otu n'ime osisi ọhịa mbụ. Ndị obodo ahụ sonyeere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị iji rụzie mmiri ha. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|320x320px|b) Mgbochi ọkụ, ịzụlite mmelite okike na ịkụ ụdị osisi na-eme ka osisi na-eto n'elu okpokoro ahịhịa n'ime otu afọ. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|320x320px|c) Mgbe afọ iri na abụọ gasịrị, oké ọhịa ahụ e weghachiri eweghachiri jupụtara n'osisi osisi ojii. A na-akọwa mweghachi ọhịa dị ka ihe iji weghachite usoro gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-eme ka mgbake nke ọdịdị ọhịa, ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ọkwa dị iche iche dị iche iche na ndị na-ahụkarị Ohia Climax bụ gburugburu ebe obibi kwụsiri ike nke mepụtara biomass kachasị, mgbagwoju anya na ụdị dị iche iche nke ga-ekwe omume n'ime oke ihu igwe na ala nyere ma na-enweghị ọgba aghara sitere na ụmụ mmadụ (nkọwa ọzọ ebe a).  Ya mere oke ohia Climax bu ihe ebum n'obi na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-akọwapụta ebumnobi kachasị nke mweghachi nke ọhịa.  Ebe ọ bụ na ihu igwe bụ isi ihe na-ekpebi nhazi oke ọhịa, mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere ike ime ka ebumnobi mweghachi na-agbanwe agbanwe. Tụkwasị na nke a, a ghaghị iburu n'uche mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike inwe na ebumnuche mweghachi, dịka mgbanwe na okpomọkụ na usoro mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara na nkesa nke oké ọhịa.
Mweghachi nke ọhịa bụ ụdị pụrụ iche nke mweghachi osisi dị n'ókè ọhịa, ma ọ dị iche na ịkọ osisi a na-emekarị n'ihi na ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụ isi bụ mgbake nke ụdị dị iche iche na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi..
Ebe ọ na-emetụta
Mweghachi ọhịa nwere ike ịgụnye naanị ichebe ahịhịa fọdụrụnụ (mgbochi ọkụ, mwepu ehi wdg) ma ọ bụ ntinye aka na-arụsi ọrụ ike iji mee ka mmelite okike dị ngwa, yana ịkụ osisi na / ma ọ bụ ịgha mkpụrụ (ịgha mkpụrụ kpọmkwem) nke ụdị nke ụdị nke usoro okike a na-achọ. Ụdị osisi a kụrụ (ma ọ bụ gbaa ume ka ha guzobe) bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, ma ọ bụ na-enye ọrụ dị oke mkpa na gburugburu ebe obibi, usoro gburugburu ebe obibi. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụla ndị mmadụ bi na ma ọ bụ nso ebe nrụzigharị, ọrụ nrụzigharị na-agụnyekarị ụdị akụ na ụba n'etiti osisi ndị a kụrụ, iji nweta ihe oriri ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa na-emepụta ego.
Mweghachi ọhịa bụ usoro na-agụnye, nke na-adabere na mmekorita n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị metụtara gụnyere obodo, ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, òtù ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị. A na-atụle ihe ịga nke ọma ya na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihe gbasara mmụba nke ụdị dị iche iche, biomass, mmepụta mbụ, ihe ndị dị n'ala na ikike ijide mmiri, yana nloghachi nke ụdị dị ụkọ na nke dị mkpa, njirimara nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi. Otú ọ dị, dị ka FAO si kwuo, ọrụ mweghachi na-eche ihe mgbochi akụ na ụba ihu site na enweghị nnukwu ego dị maka gọọmentị ruo na obere ihe onwunwe na ikike teknụzụ nke obere ndị nwe ya.
Ihe ngosi akụ na ụba nke ihe ịga nke ọma gụnyere uru nke ngwaahịa ọhịa na ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi mepụtara (dịka nchedo mmiri, nchekwa carbon wdg), nke na-eme ka e belata ịda ogbenye. Ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi (PES) na ngwaahịa ọhịa nwere ike inye ndị obodo ike ịkpali imejuputa ọrụ mweghachi. E gosipụtara mweghachi dị irè iji mee ka mgbake carbon nke oké ọhịa ndị mmadụ gbanwere site na pasent 50.
Ohere maka iweghachi ọhịa
áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Ihe ngosi nke mgbake ọhịa, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY Mweghachi ọhịa kwesịrị ekwesị ebe ọ bụla mgbake nke ụdị dị iche iche bụ otu n'ime ebumnuche ndị isi nke ime ka ọhịa dịghachi, dị ka maka nchekwa anụ ọhịa, nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi, njem nleta gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ inye ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ọhịa dị iche iche na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ. Enwere ike iweghachi ọhịa n'ọnọdụ dịgasị iche iche, mana ebe ndị mebiri emebi n'ime ebe echedoro bụ ihe kachasị mkpa, ọkachasị ebe ụfọdụ oké ọhịa na-anọgide dị ka isi iyi mkpụrụ n'ime ala. Ọbụna n'ebe ndị a na-echebe, a na-enwekarị nnukwu ebe ndị a na'oké ọhịa: ndị a na - ndị a na na-egbutu n'elu ebe ma ọ bụ ebe ndị a kpochapụrụ maka ọrụ ugbo. Ọ bụrụ na ebe ndị a na-echebe ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe mgbaba anụ ọhịa ikpeazụ nke ụwa, a ga-achọ iweghachi ebe ndị dị otú ahụ.
A na-etinye ọtụtụ ọrụ mweghachi ugbu a n'okpuru nchebe nke mweghachi ala nke oké ọhịa (FLR), akọwapụtara dị ka usoro a na-eme atụmatụ iji nwetaghachi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe gburugburu ebe obibi ma melite ọdịmma mmadụ n'ọhịa ma ọ bụ ala mebiri emebi. FLR ghọtara na mweghachi ọhịa nwere ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba. Ebumnuche ya bụ iji nweta nkwekọrịta kachasị mma n'etiti izute ebumnuche nchekwa na mkpa nke obodo ime obodo. Ka nrụgide mmadụ na ala na-abawanye, a ga-emekarị mgbake ọhịa n'ime ụdị nchịkwa ọhịa ndị ọzọ, iji gboo mkpa akụ na ụba nke ndị obodo.
Ebe a na-elekwasị anya na nso nso a maka mgbalị iweghachi ọhịa dị n'ime obodo ukwu, ebe ma ndị mmadụ na ụdị dị iche iche ga-erite uru, agbanyeghị, ọnọdụ a na-eweta ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche.
Mweghachi okike
Ịkụ osisi abụghị mgbe niile ihe dị mkpa iji weghachite usoro okike ọhịa. Enwere ike inweta ọtụtụ ihe site n'ịmụ otú oké ọhịa si emelite n'ụzọ okike, ịchọpụta ihe ndị na-egbochi mmelite na ịmepụta ụzọ iji merie ha. Ihe ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye ịgha ahịhịa na ịgbakwunye fatịlaịza gburugburu mkpụrụ osisi, igbochi ọkụ, iwepụ ehi na ihe ndị ọzọ. Nke a bụ "mgbatị" ma ọ bụ "enyemaka" mmelite okike. Ọ dị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala, mana ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ naanị na osisi ndị dịlarị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ụdị ndị ọsụ ụzọ na-ahụ n'anya. Ụdị osisi ndị dị otú ahụ anaghị abụkarị ndị mejupụtara oké ọhịa climax, mana ha nwere ike ịkwalite recolonization nke saịtị ahụ site na ụdị osisi osisi climax na-anabata ndò, site na mgbasa mkpụrụ sitere n'oké ọhịa fọdụrụnụ. N'ihi na nke a bụ usoro na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, a na-enwekarị ike ịgbake mgbake nke ụdị dị iche iche site n'ịkụ ụdị osisi ụfọdụ dị n'oké ọhịa, ọkachasị nnukwu mkpụrụ, ụdị ndị na-adịghị agbasa agbasa. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkụ ụdị osisi niile nke nwere ike itolite n'oge gara aga n'oké ọhịa mbụ ma ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ime ya, ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iji usoro ụdị usoro.
N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ pụrụ iche, ọkachasị ụfọdụ oké ọhịa Alaska, mgbake ogologo oge site na ọkụ ọhịa nwere ike iwepụ carbon na-apụta n'oge ọkụ ahụ n'ihi mgbanwe n'ụdị osisi ma ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ na-anọgide, gosipụta na ọ bụ akụkụ nke biomes na-eguzogide ma dị ọtụtụ dị ka oké ọhịa mbụ.
Ichebe ebe mmelite site na anụmanụ na-achọgharị
Ọhịa na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu, dị ka mkpụrụ na nnweta ihe oriri, mana ọ dị oke egwu maka anụmanụ na-achọgharị. Ọ bụ ezie na ịnyagharị anụmanụ dị mkpa iji lekọta ala nke oké ọhịa, ha nwere ike ili ala ọhịa a kụrụ ọhụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe, ebe a na-enweta obere samplings n'ụzọ dịkwa mfe. Ịzụbiga anụ ókè bụ nsogbu karịsịa n'okwu a ebe ọ bụ na ihe nnwale na osisi ndị ọzọ na-eto eto nwere ike imebi karịa ebe a ga-agbake, na-akpata mbelata nke ụdị dị iche iche. A ghaghị ịkpachara anya iji "mgbidi mgbada" chebe ebe mmelite, ma ọ bụ ebe ọ na-agaghị ekwe omume, ịkụ osisi nke na-ebute uto na mgbake ụzọ.
Mgbanwe mgbe ọkụ gasịrị
N'akụkụ buru ibu nke ụwa, ọkụ ọhịa na-ekpuchi nnukwu ihe na-egbu ọhịa. Nke ahụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mgbukpọ ọhịa iji dochie ọhịa site na ebe a na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ, ma ọ bụ n'ebe kpọrọ nkụ, n'ihi ọkụ ọhịa na-eme n'ụzọ okike ma ọ bụ kpachara anya. Akụkụ dum nke mweghachi ala ọhịa na-ejikọta ya na nsogbu a, dịka n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ọnụọgụ nke uru gburugburu ebe obibi dị elu ma nwee ike imeghe ọdịda na mmebi ngwa ngwa nke ọnọdụ ala site na mbuze na ọzara. Nke a n'ezie nwere mmetụta dị egwu na ogo nke ebe obibi na anụmanụ ha metụtara. Ka o sina dị, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọkụ ọhịa na-enye ohere n'ezie ịbawanye ọnụọgụ dị iche iche nke ebe ọkụ gbara, n'ihi ya, Usoro Nweghachi Ọhịa na-achọkarị iji ala eme ihe dị iche.
Ọrụ Nlekọta Ọhịa Ashland
N'ịbụ nke dị n'oké ọhịa kpọrọ nkụ nke ndịda Oregon, egwu ọkụ ọhịa bụ eziokwu maka ndị na-elekọta ala na ndị nwe ala. Mpaghara nke obodo Ashland na ọhịa gbara ya gburugburu na ihe a na-akpọ interface nke ọhịa (WUI). N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, oké ọhịa nke mpaghara a nwere oge ọkụ na-enwetakarị, nke gbochiri mkpokọta mmanụ dị arọ. Otu narị afọ nke iwepụ ọkụ na mgbochi na ala gọọmentị etiti na Pacific Northwest emeela ka oke ọhịa na ibu mmanụ dịkwuo ukwuu, ya mere egwu na-adịgide adịgide nke ọkụ ọhịa na-ebibi ihe.
Ihe oru AFR emejuputala usoro mweghachi na ndenye ndenye nke bu n'obi megharia usoro nke onodi gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime oke ohia akọrọ, conifer agwakọtara nke Pacific Northwest. Usoro a na-agụnye nchikota nke mbelata mmanụ ọkụ, ibelata osisi ndị dị n'ime obere dayameta, na ịme ọkụ ọkụ. A na-ebute ụzọ n'ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbagwoju anya site n'ijigide osisi ndị kasị ibu na nke ochie, ichekwa ebe obibi anụ ọhịa na mpaghara mmiri, na ichekwa ala ndị na-emebi emebi na ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke mkpọda.
Kemgbe e bidoro ya na 2010, ọrụ AFR enyewo ọtụtụ puku ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụmịhe agụmakwụkwọ ma baara ndị obodo ahụ uru site n'ịmepụta ọrụ na inye ọzụzụ ndị ọrụ. Ihe dị ka 13,000 acres a gwọrọ na ọrụ AFR nọ n'ọnọdụ mmezi ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2022, na Oregon's Landscape Resiliency Program, nke e guzobere site na Senate Bill 762, na-enye ego ịkpụcha brush na ọkụ ọkụ dị ala iji rite uru na gburugburu ebe obibi n'oké ọhịa ọkụ.
Ime ka osisi dị ọhụrụ ngwa site na ihe mkpofu ugbo
N'afọ 1998, e debere atụmatụ ndị Costa Rican iji weghachite ebe ndị a na-egbu egbu, nke a na-ejibu dị ka ebe ehi na-ata ahịhịa. Ala a dị n'otu ma mee ka ala ahụ gwụ, na-eme ka mmelite okike sie ike. Dị ka mmekorita ya na mkpofu ugbo, a na-etinye ihe dịka miligram pụkụ ịrị na abụọ Mg nke akpụkpọ oroma na pulp na mpaghara hekta atọ nke ebe ịta nri mbụ. Mgbakwunye a nke biomass n'ala nyere ohere maka mmụba pasent otu narị na iri asaa na isii (176%) na uto osisi, mmụba nke ụdị, okpukpu atọ nke osisi (nke a tụrụ site na Shannon Index), na ọkwa dị elu nke ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ala, nke a tụrụ na afọ abụọ na ịrị na isii mgbe etinyechara ya (Truer et al. 2018). A hụkwara mmụba dị ịrịba ama na mmechi okpokoro site na iji ọdịdị ala hemispheric, na-atụkwa aro na ihe mkpofu ugbo nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na mweghachi ọhịa n'ọdịnihu.
Iweghachi ala ọhịa
A na-akọwa mweghachi ala ọhịa (Forest Landscape Restoration - FLR) dị ka usoro a na-eme atụmatụ iji nwetaghachi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe gburugburu ebe obibi ma melite ọdịmma mmadụ n'ọhịa ma ọ bụ ala mebiri emebi. Ọ na-agụnye ngwá ọrụ na usoro iji jikọta ọrụ mweghachi ọhịa dị n'ọkwa na ebumnuche dị mma, nke a na-ekpebi site na usoro dị iche iche na-ekere òkè n'etiti ndị metụtara. Echiche a etolitela site na mmekorita n'etiti ụfọdụ n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mba ụwa gụnyere International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), World Resources Institute na International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO).
Maria Angelina Dique Enoque
James Kuzwa Dique Enoque bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke obodo Mozambik. N'afọ 2004, ọ bụ onye otu Pan-Afrikan Parliament na kọmitii ọrụ ugbo. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke Republik nke obodo Mozambique na RENAMO site na mpaghara Manica na ntuli aka 1999.
Iweghachi ọhịa
Ebumnuche
E chepụtara echiche nke FLR iji weta nkwekọrịta n'etiti igbo mkpa nke ụmụ mmadụ na anụ ọhịa, site na iweghachi n'ọdịnihu ghere oghe. Ọ na-agụnye omume iji wusie ike nkwụsi ike na ịdị n'ezi ihe gburugburu ebe obibi ma si otú a na-emeghe nhọrọ nlekọta n'ọdịnihu. Ntinye aka nke ndị obodo bụ isi n'echiche a, n'ihi na ha na-ekere òkè dị egwu n'ịkpụzi odida obodo ma nweta uru dị ukwuu site na akụ ọhịa eweghachitere. Ya mere, mmemme FLR na-agụnye ma bụrụ nke a na-ekere òkè.
Maria Angelina Dique Enoque
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Iweghachi ọhịa
Nsonaazụ ndị a na-achọsi ike
Nsonaazụ ndị a na-achọsi ike nke mmemme FLR na-agụnyekarị ngwakọta nke ihe ndị a, dabere na mkpa na ọchịchọ mpaghara:
Ihe omume
FLR na-agwakọta ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ na usoro nke mmepe, nchekwa na njikwa akụ sitere n'okike, dị ka ntule njirimara ọdịdị ala, nyocha ime obodo na-ekere òkè, njikwa mgbanwe wdg n'ime nyocha doro anya na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na usoro mmụta. Mmemme FLR nwere ike ịgụnye omume dị iche iche nke ọhịa na saịtị dị iche iche n'ime odida obodo, dabere na gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe gbasara akụ na ụba. Ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye nchekwa na njikwa nke oke ohia nke abụọ na nke dara ada, usoro mweghachi nke oke ọhịa dị ka "enyere aka" ma ọ bụ "accelerated" natural regeneration (ANR) na ịkụnye ụdị osisi dị iche iche iji weghachi ebe ndị mebiri emebi, yana ihe ọkụkụ osisi na-emekarị. sistemu agroforestry iji gboo mkpa ego ozugbo..
IUCN na-akwado Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration, nke na-ahazi mmepe nke echiche ahụ gburugburu ụwa.
N'afọ 2014, Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo (Food and Agricultural Organization) nke otu United Nations guzobere Usoro Mweghachi Ọhịa na Ala. Usoro ahụ na-akwado mba iji mejuputa FLR dị ka onyinye iji nweta ihe ịma aka Bonn - mweghachi nke nde hekta otú narị na iri ise nke ala ndị e gburu egbu na ala ndị mebiri emebi site na 2020 - na Nkwekọrịta na Biological Diversity Aichi Biodiversity Targets - metụtara nchekwa na mweghachi nke gburugburu ebe obibi.
Na mmekorita ya na Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, FAO wepụtara akwụkwọ mkparịta ụka abụọ gbasara ego na-adịgide adịgide maka FLR na 2015. Inye ego na-adịgide adịgide maka oke ọhịa na mweghachi ala: Ọrụ nke Ndị na-eme amụma ọha na eze na-enye ndụmọdụ na ihe atụ nke ego FLR maka mba. Nkwado na-adịgide adịgide maka Mweghachi Ọhịa na Ala - Ohere, ihe ịma aka na ụzọ ịga n'ihu na-enye nchịkọta nke isi mmalite ego na ngwá ọrụ ego dị maka ọrụ FLR.
Nkwado ego
Iji kwado atụmatụ na mmejuputa ọrụ mgbake ọhịa na ala (FLR), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) achọpụtala usoro ego dị iche iche nke na-adaba na ọkwa dị iche iche na usoro FLR ma kpuchie azụmahịa na mkpokọta nke ụlọ ọrụ maka mweghachi na-adịgide adịgide. Enwere ọtụtụ nhọrọ iji kwado mweghachi. Iji gboo ihe ndị pụrụ iche achọrọ nke ọrụ FLR ọ bụla, ọ dị oke mkpa ịchọpụta usoro ego kachasị mma. Nhọrọ ego nke na-emepụta ihe dịgasị iche iche maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'ógbè ahụ nwere ike ịbụ usoro maka uru, dị ka ụgwọ ma ọ bụ mgbazinye ego, ma ọ bụ usoro na-abụghị maka uru nke gụnyere onyinye, iwu ego, maọ bụ mmefu site na ngalaba ọha na eze. Dị ka FAO si kwuo, ichikota ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị obere na ndị na-etinye ego, ịhazi ego, ịkwalite ikike ime obodo nke atụmatụ ego FLR, na mmepe nke ọrụ bankable na usoro ego jikọtara ọnụ na-emepụta ihe dị mma maka mmetụta FLR na ọnụ ọgụgụ..
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Elder rights
Ikike ndị agadi bụ ikike nke ndị okenye toro eto - na-abụkarị ndị nọ n'afọ iri nke asaa nke ndụ ma ọ bụ karịa, ọ bụ ezie na ana-arụ ụka na nkọwa a), ndị mmadụ na mba dị iche iche anaghị anabata ha dị ka ndị na-echebe iwu, ma na-eche ịkpa ókè n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọha mmadụ n'ihi afọ ha.