cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Akara Ngosi ikuku
Nchịkọta
Ọtụtụ mmetọ ikuku enweghị AQI jikọtara ya. Ọtụtụ mba na-enyocha ozone dị n'ala, nke akpọrọ ihe ndịa na bekee particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide na nitrogen dioxide, ma gbakọọ akara ikuku maka mmetọ ndị a.
Nkọwa nke AQI na otu mba na-egosipụta okwu gbara mmepe nke ụkpụrụ ikuku nke mba ahụ gburugburu na mba ahụ. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na-enye ohere ka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị n'ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa nyefee data nlekota ikuku ha n'oge maka ngosipụta site na iji nkọwa a na-ahụkarị nke akara ikuku dị n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.
Australia
Nke ọ bụla n'ime steeti na ókèala nke Australia na-ahụ maka nlekota ikuku na mbipụta data dị ka ụkpụrụ nke akpọrọ National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure (NEPM) si dị.
Steeti na mpaghara ọ bụla na-ebipụta data ikuku maka ebe nlekota nke ọ bụla, ọtụtụ steeti na mpaghara na-ebipụtakwa ndepụta ikuku maka ebe nyocha ọ bụla.
N'ofe Australia, a na-eji usoro ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-eji akara dị mfe ebe otú narị na-anọchite anya ọkwa kachasị maka mmetọ ọ bụla, dị ka NEPM setịpụrụ. Ụkpụrụ ndị a kachasị elu bụ: Nkọwapụta ikuku (AQI) maka ebe ọ bụla bụ naanị nke kachasị elu nke ọnụọgụ ikuku maka mmetọ ọ bụla a na-enyocha na ebe ahụ.
Òtù AQI, na ndụmọdụ ahụike maka nke ọ bụla:
Canada
A kọọrọ ịdị mma ikuku na Canada ruo ọtụtụ afọ na mpaghara maka nke akpọrọ Air Quality Indices (AQIs). N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ụkpụrụ AQI na-egosipụta ebumnuche njikwa ikuku, nke dabeere na ọnụego ikuku kachasị ala, karịa nchegbu maka ahụike mmadụ. Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) bụ ihe e mere iji nyere aka ịghọta mmetụta nke ikuku na ahụike. Ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ nchebe ahụike nke a na-eji eme mkpebi iji belata mkpirikpi mkpuchi ikuku site na ịgbanwe ọkwa ọrụ n'oge mmụba nke mmetọ ikuku. Air Quality Health Index dị ka e si kpo ya na bekee na-enyekwa ndụmọdụ banyere otu esi emeziwanye ikuku site n'ịtụ aro mgbanwe omume iji belata akara gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndepụta a na-elebara ndị na-emetụta mmetọ ikuku anya. Ọ na-enye ha ndụmọdụ banyere otu esi echebe ahụike ha n'oge ikuku dị mma metụtara ihe ize ndụ ahụike dị ala, nke dị nro, nke dị elu na nke dị elu.
Hong Kong
Na ọnwa Disemba 30, afọ 2013, Hong Kong jiri ndepụta ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Air Quality Health Index dochie Air Pollution Index. Ndepụta a, nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi kọrọ, na-atụle na otu ruo iri dịrị ga ba ma na-atụ aro ihe anọ na-emetọ ikuku: nke bu ozone; nitrogen dioxide; sulphur dioxide na ihe particulate (gụnyere PM10 na PM2.5). Maka awa ọ bụla a nyere, a na-agbakọ AQHI site na ngụkọta nke pasentị karịrị akarị nke ihe ize ndụ nke ịbanye n'ụlọ ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị nke sitere na awa atọ na-agagharị nkezi nke mmetọ anọ a. A na-achịkọta AQHIs n'ime ụdị ihe ize ndụ ahụike ise nke AQHI na ndụmọdụ ahụike enyere: Nke ọ bụla n'ime ụdị ihe ize ndụ ahụike nwere ndụmọdụ metụtara ya. Na ọkwa dị ala na nke dị nro, a na-adụ ọha na eze ọdụ na ha nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị mma. Maka ndị nọ n'ọkwa dị elu, a na-adụ ụmụaka, ndị agadi na ndị nwere ọrịa obi ma ọ bụ iku ume nduma ọdụ ka ha belata nrụgide anụ ahụ n'èzí. N'elu nke a (nke dị elu ma ọ bụ nke siri ike), a na-adụ ọha na eze ọdụ ka ha belata ma ọ bụ zere nrụgide anụ ahụ n'èzí.
Mainland China
Ndị nke akpọrọ Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) nke China bụ ọrụ iji tụọ ọkwa mmetọ ikuku na China. Ka ọ na-erule na ọnwa Jenụwarị ụbọchị mbụ, na afọ 2013, MEP na-enyocha ọkwa mmetọ kwa ụbọchị na otu narị iri isii na atọ n'ime obodo ukwu ya. Ọnọdụ AQI dabere na ọkwa nke ihe isii na-emetọ ikuku, ya bụ sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ihe ndị a kwụsịtụrụ na-erughị 10 μm na dayameta ikuku (PM10), ihe ndị a kwụpụrụ na-erute 2.5 μm na diametị ikuku (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), na ozone (O3) nke a tụrụ na ụlọ nyocha n'obodo ọ bụla.
A na-agbakọ akara onye ọ bụla na nke akp(Individual Air Quality Index, IAQI) site na iji nkwụsịtụ n'okpuru, yana iji otu ọrụ ahịrị ahịrị iji gbakọọ uru dị n'etiti dị ka US AQI scale. na A pụrụ ịgụta uru AQI ikpeazụ ma ọ bụ kwa awa ma ọ bụ awa iri abụọ na anọ ma ọ bụ bụ max nke akara isii a.
Akara maka mmetọ ọ bụla abụghị akara, dị ka akara AQI ikpeazụ. Ya mere, akara nke narị atọ AQI apụtaghị okpukpu abụọ nke mmetọ nke AQI na narị atọ na iri, ọ pụtakwara na ikuku dị okpukpu abụọ karịa nke ahụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmetọ mgbe IAQI ya bụ otu narị abụghị okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ya mgbe IAQi ya bụ iri ise ọ pụtakwara na mmetọ ahụ bụ okpukpu abụọ karịa. Ọ bụ ezie na AQI nke iri ise site n'ụbọchị mbụ ruo otu nari iri asatọ na abụọ na AQI ya nke otu narị site n' ụbọchị otu narị iri asatọ na atọ ruo narị atọ iri isii na ise na-enye nkezi kwa afọ nke iri asaa na ise ọ pụtaghị na mmetọ ahụ dị mma ọbụlagodi na a na-ewere ihe atụ nke 100 dị ka ihe dị nchebe. N'ihi na ihe atụ ahụ bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ awa iri abụọ na anọ, na nkezi kwa afọ ga-adaba na ihe mgbaruzu kwa afọ, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịnwe ikuku dị mma kwa ụbọchị n'afọ mana ọ ka na-adaba ihe atụ mmetọ kwa afọ.
Europe
Ndị akpọrọ ndị Common Air Quality Index (CAQI) bụ ndepụta nke ikuku eji eme ihe na Europe kemgbe afọ 2006. N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, European Environment Agency mara ọkwa European Air Quality Index (EAQI) wee malite ịgba ume iji ya na weebụsaịtị na ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji mee ka ọha mara banyere ịdị mma ikuku.
CAQI
Dị ka nke afọ 2012, ndị EU-nyere aka ná ọrụ Citeairll dị ka arụ ma ru ụka nke CAQI so nwe nbuli elu nke ukwuu nke akpọrọ data, na nkọwa nke CAQI's mkpali na nkọwa.Citeairll sịrị na enwe ezigbo ọnụ Ọgụgụ ikuku ga eme na e dị mfe e wepụta na uju mmadụ bụ ihe ukwu mkpali, ịhapụ ihe kachasị mkpa na ajụjụ gosiri na ahụ ike ọnụ Ọgụgụ nke akpọrọ health -based index, nke ga eme ka achọ dị ka ihe nlereanya na egosi njikọ ogo ọ dị iche iche na mmeto.ihe ka oké mkpa na CAQI bụ inwe ọnụ Ọgụgụ ga agba ume nke ukwuu ntule nkwenye nke EU, wezụga e ọchị ndekasi mpaghara.
Citeairll si kwuo na ihe ka mkpa na isi ihe nke CAQI a bụrụ e nye e do ndị mmeáká na ntị nke nwere ike ịgba a ahụ ike mmetụta.mmetuta ezigbo ikuku mana anya na isi ihe nke akpọrọ (traffic)na bekee  ma nyere ibelata ikpugh.
CAQI bụ nọmba dị na ọkwa site na mbụ ruo otu narị ebe uru dị ala pụtara ezigbo ikuku na uru dị elu pụtara àgwà ikuku ọjọọ. A na-akọwa ndepụta ahụ na nsụgharị elekere na kwa ụbọchị, yana iche iche n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ (n'akụkụ okporo ígwè ma ọ bụ "n'okpuru okporo ụzọ") ma ọ bụ n'ebe dị anya n'okporo ụzọ (nn'azụ ala). n'afọ 2012, CAQI nwere ihe abụọ dị mkpa maka ndepụta nke okporo ụzọ, NO2 na PM10, na ihe atọ dị mkpa maka akara ndabere, NO2, PM10 na O3. Ọ gụnyekwara ihe mmetọ PM2.5, CO na SO2. A na-agbakọ "sub-index" maka nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa (na nhọrọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị). A na-akọwa CAQI dị ka sub-index nke na-anọchite anya àgwà kachasị njọ n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ.
Ụfọdụ n'ime isi mmetọ na μg / m3 maka ndepụta ndabere elekere, sub-indices kwekọrọ, na mpaghara CAQI ise na nkọwa okwu dị ka ndị a: A na-egosi ụkpụrụ na map CAQI na-emelite ugboro ugboro na nkea; www.airqualitynow.eu na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ndị ọzọ. A kọwakwara Year Average Common Air Quality Index (YACAQI) dị iche, nke a na-eme ka sub-indices dị iche iche na-emetọ ikuku dị iche iche dị iche iche ka uru dị nso na ịdị n'otu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ekewa nkezi kwa afọ nke NO2, PM10 na PM2.5 site na 40 μg / m3, 40 μg - m3 na 20 μg / M3, n'otu n'otu. N'ozuzu ndabere ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ YACAQI maka obodo bụ arithmetic nke nkọwa nke sub-indices ndị a.
India
A malitere National Air Quality Index (AQI) na New Delhi na Septemba 17, na afọ 2014, n'okpuru Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
Ndị akpọrọ Central Pollution Control Board tinyere State Pollution Controards anọwo na-arụ ọrụ National hụ Air Monitoring Program (NAMP) na-ekpuchi obodo narị abụọ na iri anọ nke mba ahụ nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ nlekota ọnụ Ọgụgụ nkea; narị ato iri anọ na abụọ. E guzobere otu ndị ọkachamara nke gụnyere ndị ọkachamara ahụike, ndị ọkachamara na ikuku, agụmakwụkwọ, ndị otu nkwado, na SPCBs ma nye IIT Kanpur ọmụmụ teknụzụ. IIT Kanpur na Expert Group tụrụ aro atụmatụ AQI na 2014. Ọ bụ ezie na ndepụta mbụ na-ejedebe na ihe ngosi atọ, ndepụta ọhụrụ ahụ na-atụle akụkụ asatọ. A na-etinye usoro nlekota na-aga n'ihu nke na-enye data na nso oge na New Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Kolkata na Ahmedabad.
E nwere ụdị AQI isii, ya bụ, nke ọma, nke na-eju afọ, nke dị nro, nke dara ogbenye, nke siri ike, na nke dị ize ndụ. AQI a na-atụ aro ga-atụle mmetọ asatọ (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, na Pb) nke a na-edepụta obere oge (ruo oge nkezi awa iri abụọ na anọ) nke akpọrọ ihe ndịa na bekee National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Dabere na ọnụọgụ gburugburu ebe obibi a tụrụ, ụkpụrụ kwekọrọ na mmetụta ahụike nwere ike inwe, a na-agbakọ sub-index maka nke ọ bụla n'ime mmetọ ndị a. Nchịkọta kachasị njọ na-egosipụta AQI n'ozuzu ya. Enwere ike ịtụ aro mmetụta ahụike maka ụdị AQI dị iche iche na mmetọ, yana ntinye isi sitere n'aka ndị ọkachamara ahụike n'òtù ahụ. Ụkpụrụ AQI na ọnụọgụ gburugburu ebe obibi kwekọrọ (ebe nkwụsị ahụike) yana mmetụta ahụike metụtara ya maka mmetọ asatọ a chọpụtara bụ ndị a:
Japan
Dị ka Japan Weather Association si kwuo, Japan na-eji ihe dị iche iche iji tụọ akara ikuku.
Mexico
A na-akọ ọdịdị ikuku na Mexico City na IMECAs. A na-agbakọ IMECA site na iji ọnụọgụ nke oge nkezi nke kemịkal ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ụmụ irighiri ihe dị obere karịa 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5), na ụmụ irighari ihe dị obere karịrị 10 micrometers, PM10).
Singapore
Singapore na-eji Pollutant Standards Index iji kọọ banyere ịdị mma ikuku ya, na nkọwa nke ngụkọta yiri ma ọ bụghị otu na ndị e ji mee ihe na Malaysia na Hong Kong. A na-achịkọta chaatị PSI dị n'okpuru site na ụkpụrụ ndepụta na nkọwa, dị ka National Environment Agency si kwuo.
United Kingdom
Nkọwapụta ikuku kachasị mma na UK bụ nke akpọrọ Daily Air Quality Index nke Kọmitii na-ahụ maka mmetụta ahụike nke ikuku ikuku (COMEAP) tụrụ aro. Ndepụta a nwere isi iri, nke a na-agbakwunye n'ime band anọ: ala, nke dị nro, nke dị elu na nke dị elu. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ìgwè ndị ahụ na-abịa na ndụmọdụ maka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu. Ndepụta ahụ dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmetọ ise. A na-agbakọ ndepụta ahụ site na njupụta nke mmetọ ndị a: Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulphur Dioxide. PM2.5 (particles nwere dayameta ikuku na-erughị 2.5 μm) na PM10. A na-akọwa ebe nkwụsịtụ dị n'etiti ọnụọgụ ndepụta maka mmetọ ọ bụla iche iche ma kọwaa ndepụta zuru oke dị ka uru kachasị nke ndepụta ahụ. A na-eji oge dị iche iche eme ihe maka mmetọ dị iche iche.
United States
thumb|PM2.5 24-Hour AQI Loop, site n'enyemaka US EPA Ndị United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emepụtala Air Quality Index nke a na-eji kọọ àgwà ikuku. A na-ekewa AQI a n'ụdị isii na-egosi ọkwa na-arịwanye elu nke nchegbu ahụike. Ọnụ ọgụgụ AQI karịrị narị ato na-anọchite anya ikuku dị ize ndụ na n'okpuru iri ise ikuku dị mma. AQI dabeere na "ihe" ise na-emetọ ikuku dị ọcha: ozone dị n'ala, ihe particulate, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, na nitrogen dioxide. EPA eguzobewo National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) maka nke ọ bụla n'ime mmetọ ndị a iji chebe ahụike ọha na eze. Uru AQI nke otu narị n'ozuzu ya kwekọrọ na ọkwa nke NAAQS maka mmetọ. The Clean Air Act (USA) (1990) chọrọ ka EPA nyochaa National Ambient Air Quality Standards kwa afọ ise iji gosipụta ozi mmetụta ahụike na-agbanwe agbanwe. A na-agbanwe Air Quality Index site n'oge ruo n'oge iji gosipụta mgbanwe ndị a.
Ịkọwapụta AQI
Nkọwa nke ịdị mma ikuku bụ ọrụ dị n'ahịrị nke mmetọ. N'ókè dị n'etiti ụdị AQI, enwere ịwụli elu nke otu otu AQI. Iji gbanwee site na itinye uche gaa na AQI, a na-eji usoro a:
(Ọ bụrụ na a na-atụle ọtụtụ mmetọ, AQI a gbakọrọ bụ uru kachasị elu gbakọrọ site na nhazi dị n'elu maka mmetọ ọ bụla.)
Tebụl nke ebe nkwụsị nke EPA di: Ka e were ya na onye nyocha na-edekọ ihe dị mma nke iri abụọ na anawa (PM2.5) nke 26.4 micrograms kwa cubic mita. Njikọ dị n'elu na-ebute AQI nke:
nke na-agba gburugburu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iri asatọ na otu kwekọrọ na ogo ikuku na "Moderate". Iji gbanwee ikuku na-emetọ ikuku ka ọ bụrụ AQI, EPA emepụtala onye na-agbakọ ihe.
Ọ bụrụ na a na-atụle ọtụtụ mmetọ na ebe nlekota, mgbe ahụ, a na-akọ akụkọ kachasị ukwuu ma ọ bụ "nke kachasị" AQI maka ebe ahụ. A na-agbakọ ozone AQI n'etiti otu narị na narị atọ site na ịhọrọ nke ka ukwuu n'ime AQI gbakọrọ na uru ozone nke otu awa na AQI gbakwunyere na uru ozoni nke awa asatọ.
Nkezi nke ozone awa asatọ anaghị akọwapụta ọnụọgụ AQI karịrị narị atọ A na-agbakọ ọnụọgụ nke AQI nke narị atọ na otu ma ọ bụ karịa na otu awa ozone concentrations. Otú awa SO2 ọnụọgụ anaghị akọwa ọnụọgụ dị elu nke AQI karịrị narị abụọ. A na-agbakọ ọnụọgụ AQI nke narị abụọ na otu ma ọ bụ karịa na awa iri abụọ na anọ SO2 concentrations.
Nlekota data oge site na nyocha na-aga n'ihu na-adịkarị dị ka nkezi otu awa. Otú ọ dị, ngụkọta nke AQI maka ụfọdụ mmetọ chọrọ nkezi karịa ọtụtụ awa nke data. (Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, ngụkọta nke ozone AQI chọrọ ngụkọta maka nkezi awa asatọ na ngụkọta PM2.5 ma ọ bụ PM10 AQI chọrọ nkezi awa 24.) Iji gosipụta n'ụzọ ziri ezi àgwà ikuku dị ugbu a, nkezi ọtụtụ awa eji eme ihe maka nchịkọta AQI kwesịrị ka ọ dabere na oge dị ugbu a. mana dịka a maghị oke nke awa ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu ma sie ike ịkọwa n'ụzọ doro anya, EPA na-eji oke nnọchi anya iji tụọ nkezi ọtụtụ oge ndị a. Maka ịkọ akụkọ PM2.5, PM10 na ozone air quality indices, a na-akpọ ntinye a NowCast. Nowcast bụ otu ụdị nkezi dị arọ nke na-enyewanye arọ na data ikuku kachasị ọhụrụ mgbe ọkwa mmetọ ikuku na-agbanwe. Enwere ọrụ ndenye aha email n'efu maka ndị bi na New York bụ AirNYC. Ndị debanyere aha na-enweta ọkwa banyere mgbanwe na ụkpụrụ AQI maka ebe ahọrọ (dịka adreesị ụlọ), dabere na ọnọdụ ikuku.
Ọnụnọ ọha na eze nke AQI
thumb|Map nke ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ Ezigbo oge nlekota data na amụma nke ikuku dị mma nke nwere koodu agba n'ihe gbasara akara ikuku dị mma dị na ebe nrụọrụ akpọrọ weebụ AirNow nke EPA. Òtù ndị ọzọ na-enye nlekota maka ndị otu ndị na-emetụta dịka ndị ụkwara ume ọkụ, ụmụaka na ndị okenye karịrị afọ iri isii na. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nlekota ikuku gụnyere chaatị na map AQI dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ AirData nke EPA. Map zuru ezu banyere ọkwa AQI ugbu a na amụma ụbọchị abụọ ya dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Aerostate.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke AQI
AQI mere nke mbụ ya na afọ 1968, mgbe ndị akpọrọ na bekee National Air Pollution Control Administration mere atụmatụ iji mepụta akara ngosi ikuku na itinye usoro ahụ na Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Ihe kpaliri ya bụ ịdọrọ uche ọha na eze n'ihe gbasara mmetọ ikuku ma mee ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị dị n'ógbè ahụ mee ihe iji chịkwaa isi mmalite nke mmetọ ma melite ikuku n'ime ikike ha.
Jack Fensterstock, bụ onye isi nke National Inventory of Air Pollution Emissions and Control Branch, e nyere ya ọrụ iduzi mmepe nke usoro na ịchịkọta ogo ikuku na data ikuku dị mkpa iji nwalee ma nyochaa ihe ngosi ndị si na ya pụta.
Nchịkọta mbụ nke akara ngosi ikuku jiri ọnụ ọgụgụ mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi mee ihe iji nweta akara mmetọ nke ọ bụla. A na-atụle ihe ngosi ndị a ma chịkọta ha iji mepụta otu ngụkọta ikuku. Usoro n'ozuzu ya nwere ike iji ntinye nke a na-ewere site na data nlekota gburugburu ma ọ bụ na-ebu amụma site na ụdị mgbasa. A na-agbanwezi njupụta ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nkesa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mma nke nwere ihe a kapịrị ọnụ na ntụgharị dị mma. A na-ewere na ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe n'otu n'otu na-atụle ya, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike iji ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ karịa ịdị n'otu. N'otu aka ahụ, ndepụta ahụ nwere ike itinye ọnụ ọgụgụ ọ bụla nke mmetọ ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji ya ejikọta SOx, CO, na TSP n'ihi enweghị data dị maka mmetọ ndị ọzọ.
Vietnam
Na Nọvemba ụbọchị iri na abụọ na afọ 2019, Vietnam Environment Administration nyere mkpebi No. 1459/QD-TCMT maka iwepụta ntuziaka teknụzụ maka ngụkọta na mbipụta nke Vietnam bụ Air Quality Index (VN_AQI).
Njikọ mpụga
Ụfọdụ n'ime ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ndị na-esonụ na-egosipụta map ikuku dị mma; ndị ọzọ bụ nsụgharị echekwara nke ebe nrụọrụọrụ weebụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ:
Ugochi Opara
Ugochi Opara (amụrụ n’abalị iri abụọ na asaa n’ọnwa Mee afọ 1976) bụ onye ọgba bọọlụ Naijiria gbara bọọlụ dịka onye na- eche nche n’egwuregwu ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu egwuregwu na 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup na 2003 FIFA World Cup.
Ishielu
Ishielu bụ ọchịchị ime obodo Ebonyi steeti Naijiria. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị n'obodo Ezillo.
Mpaghara ha ruru 872 km2 na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 151,048 na ngụkọ 2006.
Koodu nzipu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ 481.
Felix Ibru
Felix Ovudoroye Ibru (7 Disemba 1935 - 12 Machị 2016) bụ onye Naijiria onye na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke mbụ a họpụtara dịka Gọvanọ na Delta Steeti bụrụkwa Senator maka Delta Central Senatorial District. Ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, ọ nọ n'ọkwa onye isi oche nke Urhobo Progressive Union (UPU). Dịka onye isi ọdịnala nke ala nna ya, Ibru nwere Olorogun nsọpụrụ agbụrụ ma na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dịka ụdị aha. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya buru ibu na-ebukwa aha a n'otu ụzọ ahụ.
Nyeema Morgan
Nyeema Morgan (amụrụ n'afọ 1977) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na-ese onyinyo. Na-arụ ọrụ na eserese, ihe ọkpụkpụ na mgbasa ozi obibi akwụkwọ, ọrụ ya na-elekwasị ányà n'otú e si ewu ihe ma na-ekwurịta okwu nye usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị mgbagwoju ányà. A mụrụ ya na Philadelphia, ọ nwetara BFA ya na Cooper Union School of Art na MFA ya na California College of the Arts. O nweela ébé óbíbí ndị na-ese ihe na Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture na Smack Mellon. Ọrụ Morgan dị na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Bowdoin College Museum of Art na Menil Collection.
Felix Ibru
Ezinụlọ osiri pụta
A mụrụ Ibru na abalị 7 Disemba 1935 na Agbarha-Otor nke dị na Ughelli North local government area nke Delta State nye Chief Peter Epete Ibru na Chief (Mrs). Janet Omotogor Ibru, nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ asaa. Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Michael Ibru bụ onye guzobere Ibru Organization, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ gara akwụkwọ na Yaba Methodist School, ma mesịa Igbobi College ebe ọ bụ Head Boy na 1955. O ritere Elder Dempster Lines Scholarship iji gaa United Kingdom. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Igbobi College, Ibru gara Nottingham School of Architecture na England ebe o ruru eru dị ka Architect na 1962.
Nyeema Morgan
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Morgan na 1977 na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania na ndị na-ese ihe Arlene Burke-Morgan na Clarence Morgan. A zụlitere ya na Greenville, North Carolina ma gaa South High School na Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dị ka onye na-eto eto na-ese ihe, ndị na-ese egwu bụ Rafala Green, Seitu Jones na Ta-coumba Aiken duziri ya ma soro n'ime ndị na-etoorobịa iri na asaá na-ese foto ahọpụtara iji mepụta ọrụ nke ónyé na-ese onyinyo John T. Biggers na Olson Memorial Highway dị ka akụkụ nkè North Community Mural Project.
Felix Ibru
Ezinụlọ osiri pụta
Mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Nottingham, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ojii mbụ nke British Council na-ahụ maka Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire na Leicestershire. N'ihi ya, e gosịrị ya Queen Elizabeth II na Prince Philip, Duke nke Edinburgh na mmemme na Buckingham Palace na 1960 N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-ewu ụlọ na 1962, ọ rụrụ ọrụ obere oge na ụlọ ọrụ ndị Juu SOCHNUT, na ọrụ dị iche iche metụtara ebe obibi ugbo (kibbutzim na moshavim) na ụlọ ndị a rụpụtara na Jerusalem na Haifa. O mechara debanye aha na Technion - Israel Institute of Technology maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu ma ruo eruo na MSc (Arch) na 1963. Ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa na ngwụcha afọ ahụ wee nweta nhọpụta na Mịnịstrị Mmụta nke Naijiria dị ka onye nkuzi mbụ bi na Architecture na Yaba College of Technology.
Nyeema Morgan
Ọrụ
Morgan bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na mgbasa ozi na ntinye. Ọrụ ya na-agụnye mgbasa ozi dabeere na ederede, ihe ọkpụkpụ, na ise ihe ma lekwasị ányà n'otú e si ewu ma kwurịta ihe ọ pụtara nye usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ kọwara ọrụ ya dị ka ịchọpụta "akụnụba nké onwé na ọdịbendị nke ihe ọmụma site na ihe ndị a maara nke ọma". , o nweela ihe ngosi itoolu ma ọ bụ abụọ ma nwee ébé óbíbí na Smack Mellon na Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture.
Felix Ibru
Ezinụlọ osiri pụta
A họpụtara ya onye otu Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA) n'afọ 1969, ndị Architects registration Council of Nigeria debanyere aha ya na (ARCON) n'afọ 1971, ma họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Nigerian Institute of Architects n'afọ 1995. N'afọ 1997, e nyere ya akara ugo mmụta nke Doctor of Laws (LL.D) site na Delta State University na Fellowship nke Nigerian Institute of Public Relations (NIPR).
Nyeema Morgan
Ọrụ
In 2013, Morgan participated in the Afrofuturist exhibition The Shadows Took Shape at the Studio Museum in Harlem. She was among the artists to construct a miniature wooden spacecraft modelled on the Star Wars spacecraft the Millennium Falcon with Otabenga Jones & Associates and William Cordova. A tiny replica of Eldridge Cleaver's book Soul on Ice was included in the spacecraft's library, which is devoted to cultural studies. This work, titled yawar mallku (sculpting elsewhere in time / the arc of the moral universe is long… / the Lesson, pt. 2), is a permanent member of the Menil Collection.
Felix Ibru
Ọrụ azụmahịa
Ibru guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nke na-ewu ụlọ, Roye Ibru Associates, nke, na afọ 1971, ya na Alan Vaughan-Richards na Associates sonyere iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ Ibru Vaughan-Richards and Associates (Planning Partnership). Dịka otu n'ime ndị isi abụọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, Chief Ibru tinyere aka na nhazi na nlekọta nke ihe karịrị ọrụ iri anọ na mba ahụ. Ha gụnyere: University of Lagos Sports Centre, Oguta Lake Resort, The Diette-Spiff Civic Centre, Port Harcourt, Office extension for Elf Nig. Ltd. Victoria Island, Lagos University master plan, New Layout Market, Port Harcourt, Mile 3 Diobu Market, Port Harcourt, Sheraton Lagos Hotel & Towers, Ikeja, University of Benin sports center, University of Benin Master plan, Faculty of Science buildings, University of Benin & Ogun State na Ogun State Polytechnic Master plan.
Dịka onye ndụmọdụ nke Ibru Prefabs Limited, ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara imepụta na nlekọta nke ọtụtụ ụlọ geodesic nke dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mba ahụ. N'afọ 1971, n'okpuru nkwado nke United Nations, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa Tokyo, Japan, dị ka onye otu panel na-ahụ maka itinye ego na mba ọzọ. N'afọ 1974, o kwuru okwu na Harvard Business School, na United States na Multinationals. A kpọrọ ya "Ọrụ na-apụta ihe nke onye ọchụnta ego Afrịka na akụ na ụba a na mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche: asọmpi, mmekorita, imekọ ihe ọnụ na ịnara".
Nyeema Morgan
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Felix Ibru
Ndụ onwe
Felix Ibru bulara akwụkwọ ndụ na 12 Machị 2016 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ. Ibru lụrụ nwunye ma nwee ụmụ isii na ụmụ ụmụ isii, ha niile lanarịrị ya.
2 Septemba
2 Septemba bu ubochi nke 2nd (nke abụọ) na onwa ana kpo Septemba. Na Gregorian calender, 2 Septemba bu ubochi nke 245th (246th na afo nke ana-kpo leap year) na afo. Anyi nwere agugu ubochi 120 du mgbe afo na agwu.
Onye wuru
Òtù:Septemba
Òtù Nọọsụ nke South Africa
Òtù ndị nọọsụ na-ahụ maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche nke South Africa bụ otu ndị ọrụ na ndịda Africa na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka òtù afọ ofufo maka ndị nọọsụ South Africa na ndị ọkachamara midwifery ".
Ọ bụ onye mmekọ nke Congress of South African Trade Unions ma ghọọ onye otu zuru oke nke International Council of Nurses na 15 June 1997. Njikọ ahụ kwụsịtụrụ itinye aka na usoro nduzi nke mgbakọ ahụ na 10 Nọvemba 2014 n'ihi nchụpụ nke National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa na 7 Nọnwa N'afọ 2014.
Na nnọkọ ya nke afọ 2010, nzukọ ahụ mere mkpebi na Kọmitii Nchịkwa Mba kwesịrị ịga n'ihu na njikọta ya na South African Democratic Nurses' Union.
O guzobere ọtụtụ ọrụ na ebumnuche nke imeziwanye nlekọta ahụike na South Africa. Ihe ndị a na-agụnye ọmụmụ ihe iji kụziere ndị nọọsụ banyere HIV / AIDS na ụkwara nta na'ọtụtụ ọgwụ ọjọọ
Ịdu
Ndepụta na-esonụ bụ nke ndị ndu mba:
Pieter Hugo Naudé
Pieter Hugo Naudé, ónyé a makwaara dị ka Hugo Naudé (n'afọ 1869) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe nà South Africa.
MV Sirius
MV Sirius bụ ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace nke a gụrụ aha kpakpando Sirius. E wuru Sirius na nkọwa nke oge a na Boele shipyard na Netherlands na 1950 dị ka otu n'ime ụgbọ mmiri 7 na-anya ụgbọ mmiri. Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, nke Royal Dutch Navy nwere na mbụ, rere ya na Greenpeace n'afọ 1981 mgbe ọ nọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ. A rụzigharịrị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, rụzie ya, ma degharịa ya. O were izu iri iji see ya. N'oge na-adịghị anya, a gbanwere atụmatụ agba ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ụcha eke na egwurugwu na-acha ọcha nke udo na alaka oliv ka e sere n'ihu ya. A rụgharịrị Sirius na usoro ụgbọ mmiri nke oge a, ngwá ọrụ nkwukọrịta, ụgbọ mmiri ndụ, na rafts. A gbanwere ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ injin n'èzí ma ụlọ nkwakọrịta ghọrọ ụlọ nkwakọrọ.
Sirius jere ozi dị ka flagship nke Greenpeace Netherlands ruo 1998, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ lara ezumike nká. Ruo n'afọ 2018, ọ kwụsịrị na Amsterdam, ebe ọ na-eje ozi na ikike agụmakwụkwọ, na-enye njem ụgbọ mmiri na agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi.
N'ihe dị ka etiti abalị na Septemba 30–31, 1988, ka ọ na-aga site na Cabrera ruo Barcelona, ​​Sirius manyere ịchọ ebe mgbaba na Majorca n'oge ọgba aghara siri ike nke Force 9. Mgbe ha tụgharịrị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ hụrụ ihe mgbakasị ahụ na-agba 8 kilomita site na Agwaetiti Dragonera. Sirius wepụtara ụzọ maka ọkụ ọkụ ahụ, ahụrụkwa otu obere ụgbọ mmiri na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri ka ọ na-emikpu. Otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Britain anọ na-efu n'ime ụgbọ mmiri, ma a napụtara ụmụ okorobịa abụọ. Onye nke anọ, skipper Ron Davies nke Honor Oak, Lewisham, ji ụgbọ mmiri ahụ gbadara mgbe ọ dara n'oge nnapụta. Sirius gara n'ihu na-achọ ndị ikom ahụ efu wee kpọrọ mmadụ abụọ ahụ lanarịrị na Port D'Andratx mgbe obi ruru ya ala site n'ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha mmiri na ụgbọ mmiri ezitere na Palma..
Na 10 Jenụwarị 2018 a dọtara Sirius site na Zaandam gaa Haarlem ka a tụfuo ya.
AF
AF, af, Af, wdg nwere ike ịrụtụ aka na:
Sifan Hassan
thumb|Sifan Hassan
Sifan Hassan (Oromo: Siifan Hassan; amụrụ na 1 Jenụwarị 1993) bụ onye Dutch a mụrụ n'Etiopia na-agba ọsọ n'etiti na ogologo oge. O mechara okpukpu atọ a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ na afọ 2020 Tokyo Olympics na-emeri ihe nrite ọla edo na mita 5000 na mita 10,000, na ọla nchara maka mita 1500. Hassan bụ naanị onye na-eme egwuregwu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Olimpik iji merie ihe nrite n'ofe ihe omume dị n'etiti na agbụrụ abụọ dị anya n'otu egwuregwu. Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị nke abụọ mezue ọsọ Olympic okpukpu abụọ.
Na World Athletics Championships, Hassan nwetara 1500m na 10,000m n'afọ 2019, na-aghọ naanị onye na-eme egwuregwu (nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị) n'akụkọ ihe mere eme iji merie ihe omume abụọ a na otu Ndọrọ ndọrọ mmeri nke uwa ma ọ bụ Olympic Games. O meriri ọla nchara na 1500m na 2015, na 5000m na afọ 2017 mgbe ọ gwụchara nke ise na 1500m. Hassan bụ onye nwetara ihe nrite ugboro atọ na World Indoor Championships, merie ọla edo na 1500m na 2016 yana ọlaọcha na 3000m na ọla nchara maka 1500m na afọ 2018. O nwetara ihe nrite Europe isii (gụnyere utu aha mba abụọ), na otu ihe nrite ime ụlọ Europe. Ọ bụkwa onye mmeri Diamond League ugboro atọ, ebe ọ nwetara 1500m/5000m okpukpu abụọ na 2019.
Hassan bụ onye na-edekọ ihe ndekọ ụwa maka ma otu kilomita na 5 kilomita n'okporo ụzọ ọsọ, ha abụọ setịpụrụ na afọ 2019, yana otu awa ọsọ, setịpụrụ n'afọ 2020. O nwere ihe ndekọ ụwa na 10,000 m maka ụbọchị abụọ na ọnwa nke isii, na afọ 2021. O nwere ihe ndekọ Europe ise (1500m, 3000m, 5000m, 10,000m, ọkara marathon) na ihe ndekọ Dutch atọ.
Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Sifan Hassan na Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia ma zụlite ya n'ime ime obodo Kersa na mpaghara Munesa nke mpaghara Arsi nke Oromia. Ọ bụ onye na-agba ọsọ ntụrụndụ n'ebe ahụ. Ọ hapụrụ Etiopia dị ka onye gbara ọsọ ndụ wee rute Netherlands na afọ 2008 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise. Ọ malitere ịgba ọsọ mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ iji bụrụ nọọsụ. Hassan ghọrọ nwa amaala Dutch n'afọ 2013.
Ọrụ
N'ịbụ onye ya na Eindhoven Atletiek, Hassan banyere na ọkara marathon nke Eindhven na 2011 wee merie ọsọ ahụ na oge nke 77:10 nkeji. Ọ bụkwa onye nke abụọ na agbụrụ abụọ (Sylvestercross na Mol Lotto Cross Cup). O meriri agbụrụ ndị ahụ na 2012, yana 3000 m na Leiden Gouden Spike.
2013 2014
Hassan ghọrọ nwa amaala Dutch na Nọvemba, na afọ 2013, oge agafeela maka ịsọ mpi na afọ 2013 World Championships, n'ọnwa sochirinụ, ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya na Netherlands. Na afọ 2013 European Cross Country Championships ọ meriri nrite ọla edo na ngalaba na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na atọ ma nyere ndị otu Dutch aka ịbụ nke atọ na ọkwa. O merikwara asọmpi Warandeloop na Lotto Cross Cup Brussels n'oge oyi ahụ.
Na mbido afọ 2014 ọ gbara ọsọ ọsọ nke nkeji 8:45.32 maka 3000 m na Weltklasse na Karlsruhe, wee mebie ihe ndekọ Dutch na 1500 m n'ime ụlọ na oge nke 4:05.34 nkeji na Birmingham Indoor Grand Prix.
2015
Na afo 2015 World Championships na Beijing, Hassan meriri ọla nchara na mita 1500. Ọ ghọrọ nwanyị Dutch nke abụọ na-eme egwuregwu iji merie ihe nrite na World Championships, mgbe Dafne Schippers gasịrị. Ọ bụ nwanyị Dutch nke atọ meriri na afo 2015 European Cross Country Championships, na-eso nzọụkwụ nke ndị Afrịka ibe ya Hilda Kibet na Lornah Kiplagat. áká_èkpè|thumb|Hassan (n'aka nri) na-aga 1500m ọla edo na 2016 World Indoor Championships na Portland
2016-2017
Hassan meriri okpomọkụ ya na 1500m na afọ 2016 Summer Olympics na 4:06.64 tupu Faith Kipyegon. Na ọkara ikpeazụ ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na 4:03.62 mgbe Genzebe Dibaba meriri na 4:03.06. Na ngwụcha Kipyegon nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo nke Olympic na 4:08.92, Dibaba bụ onye nke abụọ na 4:10.27 na Jennifer Simpson nwetara ọla nchara na 4:10.53. Hassan nọ n'ọnọdụ nke ise n'ime oge nke 4:11.23.
Ọ bụ onye nke ise na 1500m na 2017 World Athletics Championships wee merie ọla nchara na 5000m.
2018
Na afọ 2018 European Championships, o ritere ihe nrite ọla edo na 5000 m na oge 14:46:12, na-etinye ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ nke asọmpi.
Na 'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Septemba, ọ meriri ihe ndekọ Europe maka ọkara marathon na oge nke 65:15, merie ọkara maraton Copenhagen
2019
N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Hassan setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ ụwa maka ọsọ okporo ụzọ kilomita ise na-akwụsị elekere na 14m 44s na Monaco. Ọsọ okporo ụzọ 5 kilomita abụwo ihe omume ụwa kemgbe 1 Nọvemba, na afọ 2017. Na Prefontaine Classic na June, ọ mebiri ihe ndekọ Europe 3000m na oge nke 8m 18.49s. áká_èkpè|thumb|Hassan na-agba ọsọ 10,000m na Payton Jordan Invitational na Palo Alto, CA na 2019
Ihe ndekọ ụwa nke kilomita
N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị, Hassan banyere na ọsọ kilomita na Herculis na Fontvieille, Monaco. Olha Lyakhova bụ onye na-agba ọsọ, na-ewere egwuregwu site na agba abụọ mbụ (nke a tụrụ na akara mmalite, ọ bụghị nkewa nke kilomita anọ) na 64.26 na 63.94 (2:08.20). Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị na Hassan, ọ bụ onye ikpeazụ na akara mmalite, mana n'ime mita 150 sochirinụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka onwe ya dị nro n'ọhịa n'èzí n'ime ọnọdụ akara n'azụ Lyakhova. Gabriela DeBues-Stafford gafere n'ọhịa n'etiti Hassan na Lyakhova maka agba ọzọ tupu Hassan na Gudaf Tsegay kewapụ n'ọgbọ ahụ dị ka naanị ndị na-achụ nta. N'etiti mita 800 na 1000, Lyakhova gbalịrị ịnọgide na-aga n'ihu, mana Hassan na Tsegay na-agafe. Mgbe Lyakhova si n'èzí pụta, ha abụọ hụrụ onwe ha mita 15 n'ihu ìgwè ahụ. Na mita 1,200, Hassan na-eleghachi anya azụ na onye na-achụ ya nso Tsegay na 3:10.13 (a 61.93 lap). Hassan mere ngwa ngwa, na-emeghe oghere mita 5 n'ime mita 100 sochirinụ. N'ịga n'ihu na ọsọ a, ọ gafere mita 1500 n'ihe dị ka 3:55. Hassan kpuchiri mita 409.344 ikpeazụ na 62.20, oge ikpeazụ ya nke 4:12:33 na-emebi ihe ndekọ ụwa nke Svetlana Masterkova nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 23. Ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-eso Hassan degharịrị ndepụta 25 kachasị elu, na Laura Weightman na-aga n'ọnọdụ # 15, DeBues-Stafford na # 17, mgbe # 5 oge niile Tsegay na-apụ n'anya n'ime mkpọ ahụ, Rababe Arafi, Axumawit Embaye, Winnie Nanyondo na Ciara Mageean na-aga na ọnọdụ # 20 ̆23.
Ọ bụ onye mmeri Diamond League ugboro abụọ na afọ 2019, na-emeri ma 1500 na 5000 mita Trophies.
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba, ọ ghọrọ onye mmeri ụwa nke afọ 2019 na mita 10,000 na asọmpi nke abụọ ya maka ebe ahụ. Ọsọ mbụ ya na ihe omume ahụ bụ na Stanford n'oge nke 31:18.12, ngwa ngwa iji nweta ọkwa iru eru maka asọmpi World Championships. Oge mmeri nke 30:17.62 bụ oge kachasị mma n'afọ n'okporo ụzọ ahụ. Alina Reh (Germany) butere ụzọ n'ọhịa mgbe mita 3000 gasịrị na 9:29.69. Onye na-agba ọsọ n'ihu ruru ọkara n'ime 15:32.70. Letesenbet Gidey mechiri na 30:21.23, na Agnes Tirop (Kenya) na-abịa n'ọnọdụ nke atọ na 30:25.50. E kpuchiri ọkara nke abụọ nke ọsọ ahụ na 14:45. Hassan merikwara ọsọ 1500 mita na oge nke 3:51.95 (ebe nke isii na 1500 m niile-oge-ndepụta), na-eguzobe asọmpi ọhụrụ na ndekọ Europe. Onye nke abụọ bụ Faith Kipyegon na 3:54.22, ihe ndekọ mba Kenya ọhụrụ, ebe nke atọ gara Gudaf Tsegay na 3:54.38.
Ben Agbee
Ben Agbee bụ onye na-ese ihe na Ghana. A mụrụ ya na Ghana n'afọ 1966. Ọ gụrụ nka na kọleji. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1989. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Agbee gara n'ihu na-ese ihe mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe gbasara mgbasa ozi na imewe.
Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na acrylic na akwa, Agbee na-elekwasị anya naanị n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị Africa, na-abụkarị na profaịlụ, na-esekarị ihe abụọ dị iche iche maka ngosipụta ha. Ụfọdụ ọrụ, dị ka Wait A Minute, na-egosi ha ebe ha na-ekwu okwu n'ìgwè, ma nwee nkọwa dị mgbagwoju anya nke akara ndị etinyere na uwe ha ma ọ bụ akwa. Ndị ọzọ, dị ka Migration, na-egosipụta profaịlụ gbara ọchịchịrị, dị ọcha nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị a na nzụlite nke ọdịdị mara mma, ọdịdị geometric, nke na-akpali akpali nke ájá ájá.
Sifan Hassan
2020 na 2021
Na 6 June, na afọ 2021, ọ meziwanyere arụmọrụ ya na ihe omume ahụ iji setịpụ ihe ndekọ ụwa nke 29m 06.82s na Hengelo, na-emeri ihe ndekọ 2016 nke onye Etiopia Almaz Ayana site na ihe karịrị 10 sekọnd. Otú ọ dị, Hassan tụfuru ihe ndekọ ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, mgbe Letesenbet Gidey nke Etiopia nwetara oge nke 29m 01.03s n'otu ámá egwuregwu ahụ.
Osas Ighodaro
Osas Ighodaro (onye amụrụ Osariemen Martha Elizabeth Ighodaro ; 26 Ọktoba n'afọ 1983) bụ Nigerian American, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye ọrụ ebere. O meriri na asụm mpi Miss Black USA Pageant  n' afọ 2010 ma wee hibe The Joyful Joy Foundation, iji chụ nta  ego ma gbasa ozi iji buso oria iba bụ Malaria agha. Na mgbakwunye, ọso nwe mee 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards. . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke dika Adanna(Danni) n'ihe nkiri Tinsel, wee turu ugo dika onye kacha nwe mee ihe nkiri nke ELOY n'afọ 2014. Osas weputara ihe nkiri Nollywood kacha elu na n'afọ 2018.
Sifan Hassan
2020 na 2021
Hassan ritere ọla edo na mita 5000 na mita 10,000 na 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. O nwetakwara ọla nchara na mita 1500. Ọ ghọrọ naanị onye na-eme egwuregwu nwetara ihe nrite na 1500, 5000, na 10,000 mita ihe omume n'otu egwuregwu Olimpik ahụ. Oge mmeri ya na 5000m bụ 14:36.79 n'ihu Hellen Obiri si Kenya na 14:38.36, Gudaf Tsegay si Etiopia nwetara ọla nchara n'oge 14:38.87. Mmeri ọla edo ya mere ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị Dutch mbụ nwere ihe nrite egwuregwu Olympic na ihe omume dị anya. Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-abụghị onye Kenya ma ọ bụ onye Etiopia na-eme egwuregwu iji merie ihe omume ahụ kemgbe Gabriela Szabo meriri na 2000 Sydney Olympics.
Ben Agbee
Agbee sonyere n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nchịkọta na nke onye ọ bụla na Accra, ebe ndị ọzọ na Ghana, Netherlands, United States, New Zealand na ebe ndị ọzọ na mba ụwa. Tinyere onye Ethiopia na-ese ihe n'oge a bụ Wosene Worke Kosrof, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe ole na ole ndị ọrụ ha pụtara kwa afọ na kalenda Contemporary African Art nke Avalanche Publishing bipụtara.
Sifan Hassan
Onye na-akwọ ụgbọ ala
Malite na 2016, Alberto Salazar zụrụ Hassan na Nike Oregon Project. N'afọ 2019, Salazar malitere ịrụ ọrụ afọ anọ n'egwuregwu maka mmebi iwu doping site na tupu ya amalite ịzụ Hassan. N'afọ 2021, ụlọ ọrụ United States Center for SafeSport kwụsịtụrụ ya maka omume mmekọahụ.
Osas Ighodaro
A mụrụ Ighodaro na Bronx, dí na New York, United States, nne na nna ya bụ ndị Nigeria si Edo State. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na mgbasa ozi ma nwekwa mmụta n'agbambọ na Ama egwuregwu na Pennsylvania State University-. Ọ nwetakwara akara ugo mmụta dị elu na ọrụ nka na Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University. Ọ kwagara Naịjirịa n’afọ 2012 ka ọ nanị ọnwa isii tupu Ọ laghachi mba United States; mana o nwetara ọrụ ndị ọzọ, tinyere Tinsel  kpatara na Ọ   laghachighi kemgbe ahụ. Ọ kwadoro mmemme Maltina Dance All Reality. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Joyful Joy Foundation ma bụrụ kwa onye otu Ụmụ nwanyi Alpha Kappa Alpha.
Ben Agbee
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Osas Ighodaro
Ya na Folu Storms sonyeere  MTV Shuga   maka ihe usoro nkiri nke anọ n'ọnwa nk'iri n'afọ 2019.
Sifan Hassan
Onye na-akwọ ụgbọ ala
Onye nkuzi Hassan ugbu a bụ Tim Rowberry onye malitere ịzụ ya na Julaị 2018. Rowberry bụkwa onye nkuzi nke onye na-agba ọsọ Yomif Kejelcha, onye na-azụ Hassan ruo mgbe ọ hapụrụ Adidas na nso nso a.
Osas Ighodaro
Ọ lụrụ Gbenro Ajibade n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2015. Ha mụrụ nwa mbụ ha na afọ 2016. Ha gbara onwe ha alụkwaghịm ozigbo ozigbo thumb|Osas Ighodaro, Vimbai Mutinhiri na IK Osakioduwa na- akwado 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards
Sifan Hassan
Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru
thumb|Hassan (n'aka nri) na Genzebe Dibaba na Faith Kipyegon (l) na emume nrite n'oge 2015 World Championships na Beijing thumb|Hassan mgbe o meriri 5000m na 2018 European Championships Ozi sitere na profaịlụ World Athletics ọ gwụla ma edepụtara ya.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Furu language
Furu bụ asụsụ Central Sudan nke Democratic Republic of the Congo. Glottolog nwèrè yá dị kà ọtụ n'ime asụsụ Kara, n'ikwekọ ná akwụkwọ ndị na-adịbeghị ányá, ébé Blench (2012) na-agbaso ndị okenye na-edepụta yá dị kà asụsụ Kresh.
Ikpọkpọsị osisi na mgbanwe ihu igwe
thumb|450x450px|Forest Landscape Integrity Index na-egosi mgbanwe anthropogenic nke oké ọhịa fọdụrụnụ alt=This screen shot shows a map that highlights countries based on their net change rate of forest area. Areas that appear more blue have a higher net change rate than areas that appear tan. Brown areas indicate a net loss of forest area.|thumb|Ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbanwe nke mpaghara ọhịa kwa mba na 2020 thumb|Mgbukpọ oké ọhịa - nke e nyere dị ka nkezi kwa afọ n'etiti afọ 010 na 2014 - kpatara ijeri tọn CO2 2.6 kwa afọ. Nke ahụ bụ 6.5% nke ikuku CO2 zuru ụwa ọnụ. Azụmaahịa mba ụwa kpatara ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ (29%) nke ikuku. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ikuku - 71% - sitere na nri a na-eri na mba ahụ e mepụtara ha (ihe a chọrọ n'ụlọ). Igbukpọsị osisi bụ isi ihe na-ebute mgbanwe ihu igwe, mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta oke ọhịa.
Mgbanwe iji ala eme ihe, ọkachasị n'ụdị igbutu osisi, bụ isi iyi nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu nke ikuku carbon dioxide sitere n'ikuku, ka ọkụ ọkụ gbachara. A na-ekupụ gas griin ha n'oge ọkụ nke biomass nke ọhịa na ire ere nke ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ na carbon ala. Ụdị zuru ụwa ọnụ na ihe nrụpụta gas na-ekpo ọkụ nke mba na-enye nsonaazụ yiri nke ahụ maka mkpochapụ osisi. N'ihe dị ka afọ 2019, igbutu osisi na-akpata ihe dị ka 11% nke ikuku ikuku griin haus zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mkpọpụta carbon sitere na igbukpọsị osisi na-adịwanye ngwa ngwa. Oke ọhịa na-eto eto bụ ikuku carbon nwere ikike ọzọ iji belata mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na-enwe, dị ka ọkụ na-agba n'oké ọhịa, ntiwapụ nke ụmụ ahụhụ, ụdị ndị na-eme ihe ike, na oké ifufe bụ ihe na-eme ka igbukpọsị osisi dịkwuo elu.
Ikpọkpọsị osisi na-abịa n'ụdị dị iche iche: ọkụ ọhịa, igbutu ihe ubi, ịzụ anụ ụlọ, na igbu osisi, na ndị ọzọ. Oke ọhịa na-ekpuchi 31% nke ala dị n'ụwa na kwa afọ 75,700 square kilomita (18.7 nde acres) nke ọhịa na-efunahụ. Dị ka World Resources Institute si kwuo, enwere mmụba 12% na mfu nke oke ọhịa ndị bụ isi na-ekpo ọkụ site na 2019 ruo 2020. igbukpọsị oke ọhịa na-aga n'ihu na-eyi oke ọhịa dị iche iche egwu, ụdị ndụ ha dị iche iche, na gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-enye. Ebe bụ isi ihe na-eche maka igbutu osisi bụ n'ime oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo ebe ọ bụ na ha bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche nke mbara ala. Ọnwụ nke ọhịa n'ihi igbutu osisi nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ụdị dị iche iche zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'ihi na ọ na-eduga na mkpochapụ nke ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ na anụmanụ ndị pụrụ iche na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a, na-akawanye njọ n'ọgba aghara dị iche iche nke ụwa na-aga n'ihu. Dị ka nnyocha e mere n'ebe okpomọkụ nke e bipụtara na Machị 2023 si kwuo, igbukpọ osisi n'ebe okpomọkụ ebutela mbelata nke ukwuu n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mmiri ozuzo. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2100, ndị nchọpụta na-atụ anya na igbutu osisi na Congo ga-ebelata ọkwa mmiri ozuzo na mpaghara site na 8-10%. Dị ka nnyocha e mere n'ime oke ọhịa nke ebe okpomọkụ nke Borneo si kwuo, igbukpọ osisi na-esokwa ebute mmụba nke ihe ize ndụ ọkụ. Mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na igbutu osisi na-emekọ ọnụ bụ mbuze nke ala, ụkọ mmiri / idei mmiri, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ dị ala na mpaghara ụfọdụ. Ngwọta iji belata ma ọ bụ nwee ike iwepụ okwu ndị a bụ mkpụgharị osisi, ịkụ osisi, na mgbanwe ọrụ ugbo nke nwere ike ịkwado site na ọrụ ndị dị ka The Amazon Fund na UHN mgbaru ọsọ.
Mgbanwe ihu igwe
N'ịkọba n'elu ala na oke osimiri niile, okpomoku dara 1 °C (1.8 °F) n'etiti 1880 na 2020, dị ka ngalaba gọọmentị etiti na-ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe siri kwuo. Na Northern Hemisphere, 1983 ruo 2012 bụ oge afọ 30 kacha ekpo ọkụ n'ime afọ 1400 gara aga.
Ịkpa anụ
Ịzụ anụ ụlọ chọrọ oke ala iji zụọ anụ ụlọ na ihe ọkụkụ maka mkpa ndị ahịa. Dị ka World Wildlife Fund si kwuo, "Ịzụ ehi buru ibu bụ ihe mbụ kpatara igbukpọsị osisi n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba Amazon ọ bụla, ọ bụkwa pasent 80 nke igbukpọsị osisi ugbu a." E hiwere ịzụ anụ ụlọ na Texas n'oge ndị ozi Spanish, n'etiti 1820 na 1865 ma ndị na-achị ehi bụ ndị Mexico na-edu ya. Mgbe ndị ọrụ mechiri ehi gbahapụrụ ma ndị amaala onwe ha weere ọrụ ahụ. N'oge ụfọdụ mgbe a na-achịkọta ehi ma kwaga na Texans ala efu, a hapụrụ ya. Dị ka Greenpeace, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ, ụlọ ọrụ ehi na-ahụ maka oke ikuku nke methane ebe 60% nke anụmanụ niile nọ n'ụwa bụ ehi. Iji ala ịta ahịhịa dochie ala ọhịa na-emepụta mfu nke oke ọhịa, nke na-eduga na mmụba nke ikuku griin haus site na ọkụ usoro ugbo na mgbanwe iji ala eme ihe.
Mgbasawanye nke ọrụ ugbo
Ụzọ ọzọ a na-esi egbutu osisi n'ubi bụ igbutu osisi, bụ́ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eri nri n'ógbè ebe okpomọkụ na-ejikarị eme ihe, ma ugbu a na-esiwanyewanye ike. Usoro a anaghị ahapụ ala maka mmepụta ugbo na-aga n'ihu kama kama na-egbutu ma gbaa obere ala ọhịa nke na-agbanwezi na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-erigbukwa ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ́ ndị dị na ntụ nke osisi ndị ahụ gbara ọkụ. Nakwa, ịgbanye ọkụ n'ebumnobi nwere ike ibute ụzọ na-agbawa obi mgbe ọ na-agbasa ọkụ n'amaghị ama n'ọtụtụ ala, nke nwere ike ịkpata mbibi nke mkpuchi nchebe. Usoro a anaghị adịgide adịgide n'ihi na a ga-akụ ihe ọkụkụ ahụ naanị afọ 2-3, ebe mgbe ndị ọrụ ugbo ga-akwaga n'ụdị dị iche ma megharịa usoro ahụ. A ga-emeghachi usoro a ihe dị ka ugboro ise ruo ugboro iri tupu onye ọrụ ugbo alaghachi n'otu ala nke e gbukpọchara osisi a na-ahapụ ya ka ọ laghachi n'ọnọdụ ọhịa. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ala ahụ adịghị, ogologo oge dị n'etiti usoro okirikiri nwere ike ịbelata na-eduga n'inweta nri ole na ole n'ime ala. Enweghị nri a na-edozi ahụ nwere ike bute obere ihe ọkụkụ na mkpa ịmegharị ọtụtụ ala ọhịa ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara ọrụ ugbo. Mgbanwe nke obere mkpụrụ ugboro ugboro na oge mkpirisi mkpirisi na-emecha mee ka obere ahịhịa na-enwe ike itolite n'otu oge ọkụ yana mbelata nke biomass nke ala. N'obere ala ime obodo, nkwado abụghị nsogbu n'ihi ogologo oge na-egbutu osisi na obere igbutu osisi. Obere ntakịrị nke atụmatụ ndị ahụ kwere ka enweghị ntinye ntanetị nke CO2 ka ewepụtara. Site na nrụgide na-abawanye ụba iji gbasaa mmepụta ugbo, ejirila usoro a n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ buru ibu karịa ọrụ ugbo nke ọdịnala. Ọrụ ugbo na-agba ọkụ bụ ihe dịka 30% nke ala ubi zuru ụwa ọnụ
Ndị nchọpụta Offiong na Ita na-ajụ ma mmụba mmepụta nri site na mgbasawanye nke ihe ọkụkụ ga-ekwe omume na-ebuteghị mmetụta ihu igwe ka ukwuu. Ekwuputara nke a n'ihi na ala a na-egbutu ọhịa anaghị enwe afọ ojuju maka ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ. Ala na-adịghị mma ga-achọ mgbanwe dị ukwuu na mgbanwe site na, nke mbụ, iji fatịlaịza kemịkal. Mgbanwe ndị dabere na kemịkalụ yana usoro ọrụ ugbo nke oge a ga-eduga na mbuze na mmebi ala ma ọbụghị na ejiri ihe ndị a na-agwọ ya. Omume ndị a na-eme ugboro ugboro ga-emepụta usoro na-adịghị adịgide adịgide dị mkpa iji nọgide na-emepụta ihe ndị a tụrụ anya ya.
Ikpochapụ osisi na-enweghị mkpụgharị osisi nwere mmetụta ihu igwe na-adịghị mma mana ọkachasị maka mgbasawanye ọrụ ugbo, ọ na-emepụta ọnọdụ maka mbelata nloghachi. Dị ka Offiong na Ita si kwuo, ọ na-eduga n'usoro nke mbelata ihe ọkụkụ na-emezigharị ala adịghị mma na-aga n'ihu n'ihi mmebi ala. Ọ na-emekwa ka ọnọdụ idei mmiri na-abawanye, ndakpọ ala, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, mbuze, na ọzara yana ndakpọchi nke usoro mmiri na mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche. Ọnwụ nke mkpuchi osisi na-ebute mgbanwe ndị a niile na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi nkwụsị mbụ na usoro mmiri na ọnwụ nke nnyefe CO2. thumb|Ọrụ ugbo na-ere ọkụ n'Amazon, Colombia Na mgbakwunye na iji ala eme ihe maka ala ndị a kpochapụrụ n'osisi a na-eji eme ihe nri sitere na osisi, a na-ejikọta ya ma ọ bụ na-emepụta nri sitere na anụmanụ. Mmepụta nri sitere na anụmanụ (ma maka anụ, mmiri ara ehi, ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ) na-emetụta ala n'ụzọ dị iche. Ala a na-eji achị anụ ụlọ na-adị ngwa ngwa maka mbuze, mmebi nke biome nke ala, na ọzara. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, anụ ụlọ na-atụnye oke ikuku methane, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Mkpọkpọsị osisi, karịsịa na nnukwu swaths nke Amazon, bụ ebe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 20% nke oke ọhịa ka ewepụchara nke ọma, na-enwe mmetụta dị elu na mmetụta dị elu na isi mmiri yana n'ala. Ọzọkwa, ụdị ojiji a na-eji ala eme ihe mgbe a gbusịrị osisi na-arụpụtakwa ihe dị iche iche. Mgbe a gbanwere ala e gbuturu osisi ka ọ bụrụ ala ịta ahịhịa maka anụ ụlọ, ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ọhịa gaa na ntụgharị ala ihe ọkụkụ. A na-ahụ mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke igbutu osisi n'ime oke ọhịa Amazon site na oke ikuku carbon dioxide. Oke ọhịa Amazon na-amịkọrọ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke carbon dioxide n'ụwa, Otú ọ dị, ọnụọgụ CO2 na-abanye taa na-ebelata site na 30% karịa ka ọ dị na 1990s n'ihi igbutu osisi.
Nnyocha e mere na Ecuadorian Amazon site na Kovacic na Salazar chọpụtara na igbutu osisi na mgbasawanye nke ugbo abụghị nanị na-akpata mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi ma anaghị ekwe nkwa uru akụ na ụba a na-atụ anya maka obere ndị ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ maka akụ na ụba mba nke gọọmentị ndị na-atụ aro mmemme mgbasawanye ọrụ ugbo. A gbara ndị ọrụ ugbo n'ime ọmụmụ ihe ndị a ume ka ha gbanwee site na usoro ọrụ ugbo nkịtị gaa na usoro ọrụ ugbo "na-enweta uru" kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ebe a na-akụ ngwaahịa bụ kọfị kọfị, nkwụ mmanụ, na koko, ha niile maka mbupụ. Dị ka Kovacic na Salazar si kwuo, ọ dịghị ngbanwe nha anya n'etiti mgbasawanye ọrụ ugbo na uru akụ na ụba dịka gọọmentị abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-emepụta ugbo si kwuo. Nke a bụ eziokwu nye ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eto eto bụ ndị na-esi n'ịrụ ọrụ ugbo na-eri nri gaa na obere atụmatụ ọrụ ugbo na-akpa ike n'agbanyeghị ngwaahịa a kụrụ.