cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Olaide Olaogun
Olaide Olaogun ma obu Olaide Omolola Olaogun Emmanuel (amuru ya na 9 Julai afọ 1986) bu onye ihe nkiri na ihe nlere na ndi Naijiria. Ọ bụbu onye nnọchi anya obodo Lux.
Ndụ
A mụrụ Olaogun na Lagos na 9 Julaị afọ 1986. O nwere nne na nna na-akwado ya wee gaa African Church Model College. Ọ gara n'ihu gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bekee na Mahadum Lagos. áká_nrị|thumb| Ihu ọhụụ nke Lux na 2007 A mara ya na Naijiria na Ghana bụ mgbe ọ pụtara na-egosi "Soul Sisters" nke Wale Adenuga maka TV ma ọ nọkwa na usoro ndị Yoruba nke Super Story.
O were ọrụ n'aka Genevieve Nnaji ka ọ bụrụ ihu Lux na mkpọsa mgbasa ozi ha n'afọ 2007 wee gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ a rue afọ 2009. Ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya maka mgbatị ntutu Diva, ihe ọ Fụ Fụ Fuman na United Bank for Africa (UBA).
Ebe m si nwete
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Ndi madu
Margret Holmes Bates
thumb|Margret Holmes Bates Margret Holmes Bates (née, Martha Mary Victoria Ernsperger; October 6, 1844 n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 21, 1927) bụ onye edemede America nke a maara nke ọma site na aha edemede ya, Mrs M E Holmes, MargretHolmes, Margrot Holmes Bates, na Margaret Holmes Bates. Akwụkwọ mbụ ya bụ, Manitou, nke atụmatụ ya dị na Rochester, Indiana na Indianapolis, Indiana. Otu n'ime akwụkwọ ya a ma ama, Hildegarde, bụ nchịkọta uri, raara nye nwa ya nwoke, Charles.
Amụrụ Martha Mary Victoria Ernsperger na Fremont, Ohio, n'ọnwa October 6, 1844. Aha mbụ ya bụ Ernsperger, mgbe ọgbọ ise gachara n'ala US, aha ahụ na-echekwa mkpụrụ okwu na ịkpọpụta ya. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke Christopher, onye ọrụ ugbo, na Julia (Ensminger) Ernsperger. A mụrụ nna Bates na Baltimore, Maryland. Ọ sonyeere ezinụlọ nna ya oge ụfọdụ mgbe ọ nwetasịrị ogo ya wee biri n'ebe ugwu Ohio. Site na Ohio, ọ kwagara Rochester, Indiana, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 1858. Ezinụlọ nne ahụ, dị ka ndị German dị ka nke nna ya, bụ ndị Pennsylvania. Dị ka ezinụlọ, ha bụ ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị a nụchara anụcha, na-agba ọsọ na ọrụ, ọkachasị ndị nke iwu na nkà mmụta okpukpe. [1] [2]
N'oge Bates bụ nwata, o gosipụtara mmasị dị ukwuu n'akwụkwọ, dịka nwa agbọghọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, "ihe" a na-ede kwa izu ma ọ bụ kwa izu bụ oge na-atọ ụtọ n'oge gara aga, ezumike site na ọmụmụ ihe na-adịghị mma, nke na-adịghị mfe nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na iwu nke ụtọ asụsụ. Ọ bụ ihe na-atọ ya ụtọ ka a hapụ ya, mgbe ọ na-anọghị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, itinye echiche ya n'ụdị ederede, ma ọ bụ ịnọdụ ala na ụmụnne ya ndị nwanyị na nwanne ya nwoke gbara ya gburugburu ma kọọrọ ha akụkọ dịka ọ na-eche banyere ha. [1] [2]
Szymon Szurmiej
Szymon Szurmiej (18 June 1923 – 16 July 2014) bu onye Poland bu ọmẹka.
Air Express Algeria
thumb|Air Express Algeria Air Express Algeria bụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu Algeria raara onwe ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị na Hassi Messaoud (Algeria).
Szymon Szurmiej
Òtù:Poland
Air Express Algeria
E hiwere Air Express Algeria na 2002. Ọrụ ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-enye gụnyere njem ndị ọrụ, ịchụpụ ahụike, njem VIP na ibu ọkụ. Dabere na Hassi Messaoud, Algeria Air Express na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ mba ụwa nke OGP (Ndị na-emepụta mmanụ na gas kọwapụtara).
Ụgbọelu
Air Express Algeria na-arụ ọrụ asatọ Raytheon Beech 1900D Airliner, anọ Let L-410 UVP-E20 na abụọ Pilatus PC-6 Porter ụgbọelu. Ngụkọta ụgbọ mmiri nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ụgbọ elu 14 (2020).
Air Express Algeria bụ onye ọrụ izizi n'Afrịka nyere LET 410 ọhụrụ nke nwere injin GE H80.
Nchịkwa ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe
Nlekọta ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe (CRM) bụ okwu na-akọwa atụmatụ ndị metụtara ibelata ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe, site na ọrụ nke mpaghara dị iche iche gụnyere mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe, njikwa ọdachi na mmepe mmepe. Isi ọgbakọ mba ụwa na nkuzi gụnyere: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organisation - Ibi na Climate.
Nkọwa
ike ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe bụ okwu n'ozuzu na-ezo aka n'ụzọ a na-eme isiokwu na-emetụta ihu igwe. Usoro a na-achọ njikere na-adịgide site n'ibelata ihe ize ndụ ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe. CRM na-agụnye ndị e mere iji mee ka ọ bụrụ mma ma mmetụta ndị maka obodo dị iche iche na ngalaba ndị dị ka ọrụ ugbo, nchekwa nri, ihe ọṅụṅụ mmiri, na ụmụaka.
ike ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike ime, nzaghachi: nzaghachi n'oge, usoro dị iche iche, iwu nkesa akụ dị ike, ọrụ ngwá ego (dị ka ụdị ihe ize ndụ nke ihu igwe), okporo na iwulite ikike. Mana na mgbakwunye na egwuregwu, usoro ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe na-achọkwa mgbochi na ngalaba akụ na-ahụ na-emetụta ihu igwe - dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji egwu oge dị mma iji ike ihe mmepụta ha. .
Nkwekọrịta Nkwekọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe
Nkwekọrịta United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change na-agụnye okpukpe n'etiti ndị na-eso ụzọ na nche ihu igwe. Mkparịta ụka ụka na-anya na ibelata, ebelata na ike, na akụ na-ahụ na ike ego. N'oge COP21, ndị mba ụwa mgbasa ozi na ego ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe dị ka ụgwọ nke akwụkwọ maka idozi ihe ize ndụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe.
Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe n'Ụwa - Ibi na Ọnọdụ Ihu Ụba
Nzukọ Living with Climate bụ nke World Meteorological Organization, Earth Institute na Finnish Meteorological Institute kwadoro na July, 2006. E mere nzukọ ahụ iji nyochaa ohere na ihe mgbochi na ijikọta ihe ize ndụ ihu igwe na ejighị n'aka na mkpebi. Isi ihe si na ya pụta bụ nkwupụta Espoo.
YNaija
Y!
Akara Y! gụnyekwara ihe ngosi telivishọn, ihe ngosi redio na magazin a na-ebipụta. Magazin ahụ, Y!, bụ mbipụta kwa ọnwa nke malitere na mbụ dị ka nkeji iri na ise.
Ọ haziri ihe omume gụnyere #Hashtag Party na July 2011, YNaija Black Ball, na ndị ọzọ.
Ndị nnyere aka
Na mgbakwunye na kọlụm Y! Frontpage nke Ebuka Obi-Uchendu, Tolu Ogunlesi, Kathleen Ndongmo, Japheth J. Omojuwa, Ayo Sogunro na Akintunde Oyebode, enwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-enyere aka na Y! Politico, SuperBlogger na 30 Days, 30 Voices na ndị ọzọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, gụnyere Abang Mercy, Subomi Plumptre na Ifeanyi Dike Jr.
Ihe nrite
N'afọ 2012, ndị guzobere YNaija bụ Chude Jideonwo na Adebola Williams bú ndị a gụnyere na ndepụta 40 under 40 nke ụlọọrụ BusinessDay.
N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2013, a kpọrọ aha Jideonwo na Williams na Forbes '30 Under 30: Africa's Best Young Entrepreneurs.
Blọọgụ teknụzụ na ụdị ndụ, CPAfrica kpọrọ YNaija blọọgụ nke ise na Naijiria n'afọ 2012.
Ebenezer Andrews
Ebenezer Andrews (amụrụ na 21 Mee 2000) bụ onye Ghana na-egwu badminton. N'ọnwa Eprel 2019, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Ghana nke meriri ọla nchara naAsọmpi otu egwuregwu ndị Afrika niile nke emere na Port Harcourt, naijiria.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Andrews si Winneba na Mpaghara Central na Ghana. Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke Mahadum nke Mmụta, Winneba.
Ọrụ
Andrews sonyere na 2013 Asọmpi Badminton Junior nke Afrika niile(U-19) nke emere na Algeria.
O sonyekwara na 10th Egwuregwu Afrika niile na Mahadum Kenyatta na Nairobi, Kenya.
Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru
Andrews na di ya abụọ Eyram Migbodzi meriri ndị Ivorian ibe ha Doulo Lou Annick na Ousmane Ovedroogo site na 21h12, 21h13 iji merie na nkewa abụọ nke ụmụ nwoke.
Na 2018 Egwuregwu Commonwealth nke emere na Australia, Andrews na di ya abụọ Daniel Doe meriri ọla edo na 2-1 nke atọ set megide Emmanuel Botwe na Abraham Ayittey na ngwụcha abụọ.
Arụmụka
Na Machị 2022, ndị Ndị otu Badminton nke Ghana kwụsịtụrụ Andrews na ndị egwuregwu Badminton ndị ọzọ ma kwado na ha erughị eru.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bridgitte Hartley
Bridgitte Ellen Hartley (amụrụ na 14 Julaị 1983) bụ onye na-agba ọsọ na South Africa nke na-asọmpi kemgbe ngwụcha afọ 2000. O ritere ọla nchara na ihe omume K-1 1000 m na 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships na Dartmouth. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, na 2012 Olympic Games na London, Bridgitte ritere ọla nchara ọzọ, n'oge a na K-1 (Kayak Singles ː Women) 500m. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, ọ mepụtara ụdị egwuregwu Olympic ya, na ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships na Moscow, ọ nwetara ihe nlereanya ọla nchara nke atọ na asọmpi mba ụwa. Hartley ghọrọ onye mbụ si South Africa na kọntinent Afrịka iji nweta ihe nrite na ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships. Hartley sonyekwara na asọmpi K-2 500 m na 2008 Summer Olympics na Beijing, mana e wepụrụ ya na ọkara ikpeazụ.
Hartley sonyere na 2016 Summer Olympics na Rio de Janeiro. Na asọmpi K-1 200m nke ụmụ nwanyị, ọ gwụchara n'ọnọdụ nke iri na atọ. Na asọmpi K-1 500m nke ụmụ nwanyị, ọ gwụchara n'ọnọdụ nke iri na isii.
Na Febụwarị 2022, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ndị Na-eme Egwuregwu nke International Canoe Federation (ICF).
Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Hartley na Sandton, mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Johannesburg. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Richards Bay n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ebe ọ malitere ịnya ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ gara Pretoria High School for Girls ebe ọ pụtara nke ọma n'egwuregwu. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Hartley gara Mahadum Pretoria.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Prairie dress
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Civil_war_reenactment_-_southern_woman_in_prairie_skirt.jpg/220px-Civil_war_reenactment_-_southern_woman_in_prairie_skirt.jpg|thumb|Uwe ala ahịhịa a na-eyi dị ka akụkụ nke ihe ngosi nke Agha Obodo America Uwe nnwụda ma ọ bụ uwe ukwu nnwụda bụ ụdị uwe mkpuchi America, ihe gbasara uwe ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ.
Uwe nnwụda nwetara aha ha maka n'ihi ndị na-aga n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke United States, ọ bụ ezie na "ụmụ nwanyị nke ogo niile na-eyi ha" mgbe ụfọdụ.
Mmalite na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu
A na-akpọ ya uwe nnwụda n'ihi ọdịdị ha na uwe ukwu ndị a na-akwa n'ụlọ nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọsụ ụzọ na-eyi n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, nke n'aka nke ya bụ ụdị dị mfe nke uwe ukwu, nke gbasara agbasa nke amara dị ka uwe elu nke afọ 1820. Ụdị ejiji ahụ malitere dị ka mgbanwe nke ejiji dị elu na ndụ ime obodo na ọdịda ọwụwa anyanwụ United State. A na-eji agba na akara dị omimi mee ihe n'ihi na ha anaghị egosi unyi, ebe a na-eji ihe ịchọ mma emelite uwe iji gbanwee ejiji.
Mweghachi n'afọ ndị 1960 na 1970
Counterculture Hippies jụrụ ejiji na-ele anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị na-abụghị nke ọdịda anyanwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-emekarị uwe nnwụda dị larịị na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ dị ka Gunne Sax na San Francisco malitere imepụta uwe ala dị njikere. Ụdị ahụ toro na ewu ewu na afọ ndị 1970 site na mbata nke Bicentennial nke United States ma Ralph Lauren webatara ya na ejiji dị elu n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ya na 1978 isiokwu nchịkọta nke odida anyanwu.
Nrụpụ̀ta nke dị ntakiri dị n'etiti, bọtịnụ n'ihu uwe nnwụda na otu rigọrigọ, nke a na-eyi tinyere pitikot nke afọ 1950 nke dịtụ ogologo karịa uwe elu, ghọrọ ejiji na afọ 1970 na mmalite 1980 na-esote iwebata Lauren.
Narị afọ nke iri abụọ na Otu
Uwe ukwu prairie dị mkpụmkpụ, nke nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa nke voile, akwa mirimiri ma ọ bụ ákwà ndị ọzọ dị mfe bụ ihe ejiji wuru ewu na 2005. Ụfọdụ na-eyi uwe ogologo nke uwe nnwụda tinyere uwe ukwu  nke ime iji chekwaa ahụ ha. Uwe nnwụda bụ ihe ejiji ọzọ na ngwụcha afọ 2010, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke ihe ejiji cottagecore na 2020.
Ụmụ nwanyị na-aga ụka ndị Kraịst na-eyikarị uwe nwuda nke na-emekarị ka omume nke ejiji dị mfe (dị ka ọ dị na obodo Bruderhof, otu ngalaba ụka Anabaptist ) ma ọ bụ ozizi nke ịdị nsọ n'èzí (dị ka na Evangelical Wesleyan Church, njikọ Metọdist na njikọ ịdị nsọ).
Edensibia
Òtù:Uwe Òtù:Uwe nchebe Òtù:Ejiji afọ 2000
Nnukwu wren
Nnukwu wren (Campylorhynchus chiapensis) bụ ụdị nnụnụ n'ezinụlọ Troglodytidae. A na-ahụ ya na Mexico na Guatemala.
Nchịkọta na usoro
Nnukwu wren bụ monotypic. Ọ bụ ezie na nnụnụ ndị dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke ebe obibi ya buru ibu, ọdịiche ahụ dị obere iji nye ụdị ala.
A na-emeso ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ụdị nke wren bicolored (Campylorhynchus griseus) ma nwee ike ịmepụta ụdị ya.
Nkọwa
Dị ka aha ya na-egosi, nnukwu wren bụ onye kachasị n'ezinụlọ ya. Ọ dị 20 ruo 22 cm (7.9 ruo 8.7 in) ogologo ma dị 43.4 ruo 57 g (1.53 ruo 2.01 ). Ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị yiri. Ndị toro eto nwere okpueze ojii, olu, na ubu. Supercilium na-acha ọcha na-ekewa akara ojii site na anya site na okpueze na ihu ndị ọzọ na-acha ọbara ọbara. Akụkụ elu ha bụ chestnut na-egbuke egbuke na ọdụ chestnut gbara ọchịchịrị; ábụ́bà ọdụ niile ma e wezụga nke dị n'etiti nwere eriri ọcha na njedebe. Akụkụ ha dị n'okpuru site na ntì ruo n'afọ na-acha ọcha; afọ na ebe ikuku na-acha odo odo. Ụmụaka yiri ndị okenye mana akụkụ ha na-acha ọcha, ọ bụghị ọcha.
Ebe a na-ekesa ya
A na-ewere nnukwu wren dị ka ihe a na-ahụkarị na steeti Chiapas nke Mexico, site na Puerto Arista n'ebe ndịda ruo nso ókèala Guatemala. Otú ọ dị, kemgbe ihe dị ka afọ 2010, e nweela ọtụtụ ihe n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Guatemala. Ọ na-ebi n'ọhịa gụnyere ebe ndị mmadụ gbanwere nke ukwuu dị ka ugbo, hedgerows, na ubi mkpụrụ osisi. Ọ na-eme naanị n'ime 50 (31 mi) site n'ụsọ oké osimiri na site na oke osimiri ruo 300 m (980 )  ịdị elu.
Nri
A chọpụtabeghị nri nnukwu wren mana o yikarịrị ka ọ bụ anụ na-enweghị azụ. Ọ na-eri nri n'elu ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ala.
Ịzụlite
Oge ọmụmụ nke giant wren bụ May ruo July. O nwere ike ịbụ ụmụ abụọ ma enwere ihe akaebe nke ndị enyemaka na akwukwo. Alaka bụ nnukwu bọọlụ nwere ọnụ ụzọ mbata n'akụkụ, nke e ji ahịhịa na eriri ndị ọzọ siri ike wuo ma tinye ya n'osisi akịba. Nanị ụmụ e dekọrọ nwere àkwá atọ.
Nkwupụta
Nnukwu wren abụọ na-abụ abụ n'otu olu, "ahịrịokwu na-enweghị oghere, chortling na rollicking". Mkpu ya bụ "na-asọpụrụ ma na-eme ihe ike".
Ihe Omume Na-adịgide Adịgide Maka Ọhịa
The Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) bụ òtù na-arụ ọrụ na US na Canada nke na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ofe ogidi anọ: ụkpụrụ, nchekwa, obodo, na agụmakwụkwọ. SFI tọrọ ntọala na 1994 site na American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA). SFI bụ ọkọlọtọ kachasị n'ụwa maka otu asambodo ọhịa site na mpaghara. SFI nwere isi na Ottawa na Washington, D.C.
N'afọ 2005, mmemme maka nkwado nke asambodo ọhịa, nke n'onwe ya bụ usoro asambodo ọhịa kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, ghọtara ọkọlọtọ SFI.
Ụkpụrụ SFI
SFI 2022 Fiber Sourcing Standard na-akwalite ọrụ ndị dị n'ọhịa dabere na 13 Principles, 11 Objectives, 29 Performance Measures na 59 Indicators na-ekwu maka pasent 90 nke oké ọhịa ụwa ndị a na-akwadoghị. SFI 2022 Fiber Sourcing Standard na-eme ka SFI dị iche na mmemme asambodo ọhịa ndị ọzọ niile n'ihi na ọ na-esetịpụ ihe achọrọ maka ịzụta eriri niile, ọbụlagodi na ọ sitere na ala na-enweghị asambodo. Ihe ndị a na-achọ maka inweta eriri gụnyere usoro iji gbasaa omume nke ụdị dị iche iche, jiri usoro nchịkwa kachasị mma iji chebe ogo mmiri, ma jiri ọrụ nke ndị na-elekọta ọhịa na ndị ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi. N'ihi na ọ na-achịkwa otu ụlọ ọrụ SFI-certified si enweta eriri site na ala na-enweghị asambodo, ndị na-akwado ya na-ekwu na ọkọlọtọ ahụ na-agba ume ịgbasa omume ndị dị mma n'oké ọhịa.
SFI 2022 Chain-of-Custody Standard bụ usoro ndekọ ego nke na-agbaso ọdịnaya fiber ọhịa (ihe dị n'oké ọhịa, ihe a kwadoro na ihe a rụgharịrị arụgharị) site na mmepụta na nrụpụta ruo na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.
asambodo SFI niile chọrọ nyocha onwe onye, nke atọ ma bụrụ nke ndị otu asambodo mba ụwa kwadoro na-eme.
Usoro ọhụrụ nke SFI 2022 Standards and Rules, mepụtara site na usoro nyocha mepere emepe, malitere na Jenụwarị 1, 2022. SFI 2022 Standards and Rules gụnyere ihe ọhụrụ achọrọ n'ọtụtụ ebe. SFI Climate Smart Forestry Objective chọrọ ụlọ ọrụ SFI-certified iji hụ na ọrụ nchịkwa ọhịa na-edozi mgbanwe ihu igwe na usoro ibelata. Ebumnuche SFI Fire Resilience and Awareness chọrọ ka ụlọ ọrụ SFI kwadoro iji belata mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke ọkụ ọhịa na iji mee ka obodo mara uru ọkụ, ihe ize ndụ, na usoro ibelata. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọhụrụ nke 8, Na-amata ma na-akwanyere ikike ụmụ amaala ùgwù, na-eme ka a kwanyere ikike ụmụ Amaala na ọmụma ọdịnala ùgwù, ma kwekọọ na ụkpụrụ nke nkwupụta United Nations na ikike nke ụmụ amaala.
A na-enyocha ụkpụrụ SFI ma na-emelite mgbe niile iji tinye ozi sayensị kachasị ọhụrụ na iji hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu. A na-enweta ụkpụrụ SFI n'ihu ọha n'oge usoro nyocha ahụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ SFI. A natara ntinye n'oge webinars 10 nke ọha na eze. SFI chịkọtara ntinye aka site n'aka ihe karịrị mmadụ 2,300 sitere na ndị na-echekwa ihe, obodo ndị nwe ala, ngalaba ngwaahịa ọhịa, ndị nwe akara, ndị nwe ala ọhịa na ndị na'ọhịa ọha na eze, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị, òtù azụmahịa, òtù ndị nwe ala.
E nyere nlekọta onwe onye na ọkwa ọ bụla nke usoro nyocha site na SFI External Review Panel, otu ndị ọkachamara onwe ha na-anọchite anya nchekwa, ndị ọkachamara, agụmakwụkwọ na òtù ọha na eze, na-arụ ọrụ na ogologo aka site na S FI. SFI External Review Panel nyochara nkwupụta ọha na eze ọ bụla e nyere iji hụ na a tụlere nkwupụta niile, na iji hụ na usoro nyocha Standard bụ ihe doro anya, ihe ziri ezi na ihe a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi. A na-etinye nzaghachi maka nkọwa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ SFI.
Ụkpụrụ SFI na-emetụta naanị ọhịa dị na United States na Canada, na ụlọ ọrụ SFI-certified ga-agbaso iwu niile dị mkpa. Maka isi mmalite ndị na-abụghị nke North America na-enweghị iwu dị irè, ndị sonyere ga-ezere isi mmalite iwu na-akwadoghị ma ọ bụ nke ndị ọzọ na-ese okwu. SFI na-akwado ọrụ nke ndị ọkachamara mba ụwa iji chọta ụzọ isi dozie nsogbu nke igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị ma bụrụ onye otu mba ụwa, nke nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye aka na Forest Legality Alliance.
SFI kwadoro mgbalị ndekọ ụwa maka ịkụ osisi. N'oge mgbalị a na Mee 2015, ìgwè 29 gbakọtara ọnụ ịkụ osisi 202,935 n'otu awa gafee North America. Ndị otu ahụ gụnyere ndị ntorobịa, ndị otu obodo na ndị mmekọ ụlọ ọrụ.
Ndị nduzi SFI
Ndị isi nke na-achịkwa SFI nwere ụlọ atọ kewara na ngalaba akụ na ụba, gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.
Ndị nduzi nke ugbu a gụnyere ndị ama ama na ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa nke Canada, gụnyere Don Kayne, onye isi nke Canfor na James K. Irving, onye nwe J. D. Irving. Ndị nnọchi anya gburugburu ebe obibi ama ama na bọọdụ ahụ gụnyere Dr. Tracey Farrell, CEO nke International Union for Conservation of Nature na Andrew Parr, Onye isi oche nke American Bird Conservancy. Ndị ọzọ so na bọọdụ ahụ sitere n'òtù ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, òtù ụmụ amaala, gọọmentị, òtù ndị ọkachamara nke ndị na-elekọta ọhịa, na ndị ọzọ na-enweghị uru.
Akwụkwọ nyocha
SFI na-enye iwu ka e mepụta nchọpụta nchedo na nke nwere mmetụta nke na-ewulite ihe ọmụma ma na-eme ka nsonaazụ ọhịa dị mma. Òtù ndị SFI kwadoro ga-akwado nyocha ọhịa dị ka ọnọdụ nke asambodo ha. Ndị ọrụ sayensị na nchekwa SFI na-enye aka na akwụkwọ nyocha gbasara nyocha SFI kwadoro. Kemgbe afọ 1995, etinyela ijeri $ 1.9 na nyocha ọhịa site na SFI na netwọk ya.
PLOS Climate (June 2023) Climate-Smart Forestry: Nkwa na ihe ize ndụ maka oké ọhịa, ọha mmadụ, na ihu igwe ― Akwụkwọ a, nke Lauren Cooper, Chief Conservation Officer nke SFI, dere, na-atụle otú mgbanwe ihu igwe si egosi ihe ịma aka zuru ụwa ọnụ nye ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a na-agbanwe usoro ogologo oge iji chọpụta uru nke oké ọhịa iji tinye ọrụ ha na mbelata ihu igwe na mgbanwe, yana ngwaahịa na ọrụ ọhịa ọdịnala. Oké ọhịa aghọwo ihe dị mkpa na mkparịta ụka mgbanwe ihu igwe, karịa mkparịta ụka ihu igwe mba ụwa, n'ihi nhazi ha dị ka Ngwọta ihu igwe (NCS) ma ọ bụ Ngwọta Na-adabere na Okike (NBS). N'aka nke ya, okwu ahụ bụ "Climate-Smart Forestry" (CSF) abanyela n'asụsụ obodo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ọtụtụ ọzụzụ na ndị na-eme mkpebi na-akwado njikọ dị n'etiti ọhịa na ihu igwe. Mmetụta ọhụrụ a na mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọhịa nwere nkọwa na ngwa dịgasị iche iche. Akwụkwọ a na-achọpụta na CSF ka na-akọwapụta ma na-etinye ya n'ọrụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma.
International Journal of Forest Engineering (Dec. 2022) Ebe ndị a na-ahụ anya n'ime owuwe ihe ubi site na mpaghara gafee ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ US ― Nnyocha a lekwasịrị anya na nsogbu ala, erosion, na mmiri na-emetụta okporo ụzọ owuwe ihe ọkụkụ ọhịa, ụzọ, na ịgafe iyi. Nnyocha ahụ gosipụtara mmụba nke mpaghara owuwe ihe ubi zuru oke na mbelata dị ịrịba ama na mpaghara pasent nke ihe ndị dị ka okporo ụzọ, ụzọ, na ebe iyi na-agafe.Ọrụ a kwadoro site na SFI, Virginia Tech Forest Operations and Business Research Cooperative, Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, McIntire-Stennis Program nke National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, na National Council for Air and Stream Improvement.
Forest Ecology and Management (Sept. 2022) Mmụba nke usoro nchịkwa kachasị mma nke ọhịa na-ebelata nnyefe sediment site na Piedmont na Upper Coastal Plain clearcut owuwe ihe ubi na njirimara ohere, steeti ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, USA ― "Omume nchịkwa kachasị elu na ndị ha na mba ụwa nwere ike ịbụ nke afọ ofufo, nke iwu steeti ma ọ bụ nke gọọmentị etiti nyere iwu (Titus et al., 2021), ma ọ bụ chọrọ site na usoro asambodo ọhịa nke atọ dị ka Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) ma ọ bụ Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) (Tum et al., 2018". Nnyocha a na-atụle ọrụ dị mkpa nke nchịkwa ọhịa na nchịkwa mbuze na nchedo mmiri na Piedmont na Upper Coastal Plain nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ US.
The Forestry Source (July 2022) At Issue is Deforestation "Right Here in River City" ― "N'olileanya nke izere mgbochi iwu, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na nke steeti na-ahụ maka imepụta, ịkwụ ụgwọ, na ịme ọrụ na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ ọkụ ọhịa kwesịrị ịbụ nke doro anya na nke kwesịrị ekwesị na-ekere òkè n'ihe gbasara ndị nwere mmasị. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-ahụ maka ọhịa kwesịrị ịtụle itinye aka na nlekọta nke atọ nke mmemme asambodo nlekọta ọhịa abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na US: Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) na Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Isiokwu a, nke sitere na Society of American Foresters, na-eme ka ọrụ nke asambodo ọhịa na-alụ ọgụ megide mgbukpọ ọhịa n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Forest Science (March 2022) Nkọwapụta Erosion site na Clearcut Wood Harvests na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ United States - Mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị usoro nlekọta kachasị mma nke ọhịa (BMPs) nwere ike ime ka mbuze ala dị ngwa, nke a jikọtara ya na mbelata nke mmiri na mmepụta ebe. Nnyocha ndị gara aga na-akwado mmetụta dị mma nke mmiri na-enweta site na owuwe ihe ubi na BMPs. Otú ọ dị, ọmụmụ ole na ole na-edekọ ọnụego erosion na oke metụtara owuwe ihe ubi na ịnweta netwọk (dịka, oche, okporo ụzọ, ụzọ, ụzọ mmiri) gafee mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ dị iche iche. Nnyocha a nyochara ihe ubi 109 na-adịbeghị anya gafee steeti iri na otu ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na mpaghara atọ dị iche iche (Coastal Plain, Piedmont, na Mountains). Ọrụ a na-egosipụta mkpa ọ dị atụmatụ owuwe ihe ubi na ibelata ala ndị na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, ọkachasị na ala dị elu ma bụrụ ihe ịma aka nke mpaghara Ugwu. Nnyocha a nwetara nkwado ego site na National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, SFI, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech Forest Operations and Business Research Cooperative, na McIntire-Stennis Program nke National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture.
Business Strategy and the Environment (May 2021) N'iji teknụzụ emeziwanye njikwa nke mmetụta mmepe na ụdị dị iche iche ― Nke Leo Viana, osote onye isi oche nke SFI, Conservation Collaboration, dere, akwụkwọ ahụ na-atụle otu njikọ aka n'etiti azụmahịa na teknụzụ si enye ohere maka nsonaazụ ka mma maka nchekwa dị iche iche site na iji teknụzụ dị ugbu a na nke na-apụta.
Oké ọhịa (Jenụwarị 2021) Non-Native Earthworms Invade Forest Soils in Northern Maine, USA ― Ọrụ a na-edekọ ọnụnọ nke non-native earthworms nke nwere ike ịgbanwe na mberede ihe onwunwe ala ma mebie ma ọ bụ kesaa ala carbon. Na Northern Maine, ebe nyocha ahụ mere, a na-eche na oge oyi dị oke njọ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ earthworm iji dịrị ndụ. N'ihi ọrụ a, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọkachamara na ngalaba ọhịa maara ugbu a banyere ọnụnọ nke ikpuru ma nwee ike ịmalite ịtụle ụzọ isi belata mmetụta ha. Ọrụ a kwadoro site na SFI Conservation Grant na Mahadum Maine.
Nkwupụta mgbasa ozi
"4 Ụzọ Iwu Mbelata Ọnụ Ọsọ Na-etinye ego n'oké ọhịa na obodo ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ," Magazin Popular Science. Isiokwu a na-elekwasị anya na ndokwa ọhịa nke Iwu Mbelata Ọnụ Ọsọ (IRA). Nadine Block, onye isi osote onye isi oche nke mmekọrịta obodo na gọọmentị nke SFI, ka e hotara na-eto ịgafe nke iwu ahụ na ụzọ ọ na-esi kwalite ọrụ ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi n'ọhịa nke na-akwalite ahụike na ume ọhịa. Block kwukwara na ọ dị mkpa inye ndị nwe ala onwe ha ihe onwunwe iji jikwaa ọhịa ha na omume kachasị mma nke ihu igwe.
"N'ihe gbasara ya bụ Deforestation Right Here in River City," The Forestry Source, site na Society of American Foresters. Dr. Robert J. Hrubes dere banyere ihe ịma aka nke ibelata ọkụ ọhịa. Ọ na-akpọ ndị ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na nke steeti ka ha "... tụlee itinye aka na nlekọta nke atọ nke mmemme asambodo nchịkwa ọhịa abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na US: Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) na Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)."
"Opaskwayak Cree Nation ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme atụmatụ virtual ice fishing derby," CBC. Akụkọ akụkọ a gosipụtara mmemme Green Leaders nke Project Learning Tree Canada, nke na-agba ndị ntorobịa obodo ume ịhazi ma nye ọrụ ndị dabeere na obodo. Gọọmentị Canada na-akwado PLT Canada n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ma SFI na netwọk Canadian Parks Council na-enye ya.
"Forging a Career Path in the Forest Sector," Alternatives Journal, magazin ọmụmụ gburugburu ebe obibi kacha ochie na Canada.
"Nkwado Chekwaa Anụ Ọhịa North America site na Nhazi Nnụnụ," Onye Nlekọta Ihe owuwu. SFI na American Bird Conservancy jikọrọ aka na nke a iji mee ka mkpa ọ dị mgbalị ha jikọrọ aka iji kwe ka ụlọ ọrụ SFI nweta ozi ọhụrụ gbasara ebe obibi nnụnụ na mkpa nchekwa, nke enwere ike iji melite njikwa ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide.
Nnyocha nke ndị ọzọ
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe/Food and Agriculture Organization, na 2009-2010 Forest products Annual Review, na-ekwu, sị: "N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, ọtụtụ n'ime nsogbu ndị kewara usoro (akwụkwọ ikike) aghọwo ihe na-adịchaghị iche. Usoro asambodo kachasị ukwuu ugbu a n'ozuzu ha nwere otu usoro mmemme ahụ. "
Dovetail Partners Inc., na 2010 Forest Certification: A Status Report, na-ekwu, sị: "ọdịiche ndị gara aga n'etiti mmemme asambodo ọhịa dị obere ... mmemme ọ bụla n'ozuzu ya nwere otu usoro mmemme ahụ achọrọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya achọrọ na ọkwa nkọwa nke onye ọ bụla nyere nwere ike ịdị iche iche. "
SFI enweghị ọkwa dị elu karịa FSC dịka ọmụmaatụ site na Consumer Reports "Greener Choices", na Green America. Ndị ọzọ na-atụle SFI / PEFC na FSC n'otu ụzọ ahụ: TerraChoice (akụkụ nke Underwriters Laboratories Global Network) na akụkọ ya nke 2010 Sins of Greenwashing, dị ka nke 2009, na-agụ SFI / FSC na ndepụta nke abụọ nke ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na asambodo; dị ka EcoLogo nke Environment Canada.
Nkwupụta iwu asambodo nke National Association of State Foresters nke e mere site na mkpebi na 2008 na-ekwu, sị: "Ọ bụ ezie na n'ụzọ dị iche iche, ATFS (American Tree Farm System), FSC (Forest Stewardship Council), na usoro SFI gụnyere ihe ndị bụ isi nke ntụkwasị obi ma nye aka dị mma na nkwado ọhịa. Enweghị usoro asambodo nwere ike ikwu na ọ bụ 'nke kachasị mma', ọ nweghịkwa usoro asambodo nke na-akwalite onwe ya dị ka naanị nhọrọ asambodo nwere ikike ịnọgide na-enwe ntụkwasị obi.
Green Building Council
N'April 5, 2016, U.S. Green Building Council wepụtara Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) pilot alternative compliance path (ACP) nke e mere iji nyochaa ngwaahịa ọhịa iwu na-akwadoghị site na ụlọ LEED. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-anwale ACP dị ka ihe nrite, ọ ga-emesị bụrụ ihe achọrọ nke na-emetụta ọrụ LEED niile. Dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu, ACP anaghị abụ akụkụ na-adịgide adịgide nke ọkọlọtọ LEED na-enweghị votu nke ndị otu USGBC. Onye na-anya ụgbọelu ACP na-amata isi mmalite niile - FSC, PEFC, SFI na ATFS na mmemme. ACP ga-emetụta usoro nyocha LEED v4 niile gụnyere Ụlọ v4 na usoro nyocha LE ED 2009 niile.
ACP na-ekewapụta ụkpụrụ asambodo ọhịa dị iche iche dabere na ọkọlọtọ ASTM D7612-10 (2015), nke akpọrọ "Categorizing Wood and Wood-Based Products According to Their Fiber Sources". ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International bụ onye ndú a ma ama n'ụwa niile na mmepe na nnyefe nke ụkpụrụ nkwekọrịta afọ ofufo.
Ngwá ọrụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, gụnyere usoro nyocha abụọ American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kwadoro na United States - ANSI-ICC 700-2008: National Green Building Standard na ANSI / GBI 01-2010: Green Building Assessment Protocol for Commercial Buildings (nke bụbu Green Globes U.S.) - Green Globes na Built Green Canada na-amata ngwaahịa ndị a kwadoro site na mmemme asambodo osisi nke atọ dị ka SFI.
Òtù ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa
Ndị otu nchekwa dị ka American Bird Conservancy, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Arbor Day Foundation, American Forests, na Canadian Parks Council na-akwado SFI (nke niile na-eje ozi na SFI Board).
N'adịghị ka SFI, FSC gụnyere òtù gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka Greenpeace n'etiti ndị guzobere ya. National Wildlife Federation na World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) na-eje ozi ugbu a na FSC Board. Sierra Club kwadoro naanị FSC.
Omume ahịa
Na Septemba 9, 2009 Washington State Forest Law Center, n'aha otu nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi ForestEthics, tinyere mkpesa megide SFI Inc. na Federal Trade Commission na Internal Revenue Service.
Mkpesa FTC boro SFI Inc. ebubo na ọ na-eduhie ndị na-azụ ahịa site na omume ahịa aghụghọ. Mkpesa ahụ kwuru akụkụ dị iche iche nke ahịa SFI, gụnyere nkwupụta ya na ọ bụ "òtù kwụụrụ onwe ya" na-abụghị maka uru, ịdabere na ụlọ ọrụ osisi maka ego, na enweghị nghọta nke ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke SFI, nke na-enye ndị nwe ala SFI asambodo ka a kwado ha naanị n'ihi na onye nwe ala na-agbaso ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe dị na steeti. Mkpesa 2009 kwuru na asambodo SFI bụ atụ nke greenwash.
Ma FTC na IRS nyochara mkpesa ndị e mere megide SFI ma chọpụta na ha enweghị uru. Ọ dịghị ọ bụla e mere site n'aka òtù nyocha. [citation needed]
Esemokwu nke ọdịmma
Mkpesa ahụ e tinyere na IRS rịọrọ ka a nyochaa ọnọdụ SFI Inc. na-enweghị uru, dabere na arụmụka na SFI na-abara ndị nwe ala ụlọ ọrụ ya uru ọ bụghị ọdịmma ọha na eze, yana eziokwu ahụ bụ na SFI si na ụlọ ọrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nweta ego. Mkpesa ahụ na-ekwusi ike na n'ịrụ ọrụ onwe onye nke ụlọ ọrụ osisi na akwụkwọ chọrọ onyinyo "akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ", a na-enye SFI ọnọdụ na-enweghị uru maka ọrụ ebere ọha na eze.
IRS nyochara mkpesa ahụ yana nyocha zuru oke banyere ọnọdụ SFI na-enweghị uru ma kwubie na ọ dabara adaba na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ achọrọ.
Mkpesa Sierra Club
Sierra Club tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa na SFI, na-ebo Weyerhaeuser ebubo na ọ na-etinye aka n'ịkụ osisi n'ụzọ dị ize ndụ na enweghị ọrụ n'elu ndagwurugwu nke dugara na 1,259 landslides na 2007 na ala Weyerhaeusar SFI kwadoro na steeti Washington. Na-ama SFI aka iji kwado nkwupụta ya nke "nnwere onwe" na "nnyocha siri ike", Sierra Club rịọrọ ka ewepụ asambodo SFI nke Weyerhaeuser.
Nnyocha nke ndị ọgbọ nyochara na-ekwu na mbuze ala nke Washington State nke Sierra Club kwuru na ọ bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị egwu dị ka nnukwu mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụghị n'ihi mkpocha ala nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. [ odide dị mkpa] Nkwụsị ala na-eme na ebe ndị a na-egbutu egbutu egwupụta egwupụta, mana sayensị na-egosi na ịkpụ osisi (na okporo ụzọ ndị a na) na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke mbuze ala dị egwu.
2022 Greenwashing mkpesa
Na ngwụcha afọ 2022, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na Canada jupụtara mkpesa na Canadian Competition Bureau na SFI na-etinye aka na-eduhie omume mgbasa ozi site n'ịsị na asambodo ya akwadoghị ọrụ ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide. Ha boro SFI ebubo "Greenwashing". N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, ụlọ ọrụ Canada Competition Bureau malitere nyocha iji nyochaa.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Uche Okpa-Iroha
Uche Okpa-Iroha (amụrụ na Enugu n'afọ 1972) bụ onye na-ese ihe dị iche iche nke Naijiria nke na-ejikarị ise foto dị ka ụzọ kachasị amasị ya iji gosipụta nka.
Ọ bụ onye guzobere Blackbox Collective na Invisible Borders Trans-African Organisation na 2013, ọ tọrọ ntọala ma guzobe The Nlele Institute, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye ịsị na onye ndozi..
Ọ bụ onye mmeri nke Seydou Keita Prize maka foto ugboro abụọ, ọ ritekwara ihe nrite Jean-Paul Blachere. Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na Lagos.
Ndụ onwe onye na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Uche Okpa-Iroha na Jenụwarị 2, 1972, nue Maazị Nwokocha Okpa-Iroha na Oriakụ Chidi Okpa-Iroha. O nwere ụmụnne anọ ndị ọzọ. Ezinụlọ a si Abia Steeti na mpaghara South Eastern Niger Delta nke Naịjirịa. Okpa-Iroha lụrụ Ayo Joy Okpa-Iroha ma ha nwere ụmụ abụọ.
Uche Okpa-Iroha nwere nzere bachelọ na Food Science and Technology na Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria nke ọ gụsịrị na 1997.
N'afọ 2013, ọ gụsịrị afọ abụọ nke ebe obibi nyocha na mmemme mmekọrịta na Rijksakademie na Netherlands.
Ụdị nka
Uche Okpa-Iroha bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ ihe, mmasị ya maka foto na foto akụkọ dị ka ndị ọ na-ahọrọ pụtara ìhè na ọrụ ya. Ọrụ ya na-egosipụta ọdịiche na ịdị iche iche nke obodo ndị Africa. Onyinye ya na mmepe nke foto Afrịka site na mkpali sitere na nkwenye ya na nnọchi anya na njirimara bụ ụfọdụ n'ime isi okwu na-egbochi mmepe nke foto Afrịka, dabere na mmetụta nke echiche ndị a na-agafe site na oge ọchịchị. Nke a na-agwa ụzọ o si arụ ọrụ ya, ebe ọ na-enyocha ma isi mmalite nke mmụọ nsọ na nke dị n'èzí iji mepụta ngosipụta nka dị iche iche.
Ụdị nka ya bụ ngwakọta nke mmasị ya na ụmụ mmadụ, mmasị ya maka ụdị dịgasị iche iche na mgbagwoju anya nke ọnọdụ mmadụ na mmekọrịta nke ihe ndị a n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi ha nke na-emepụta ihe ndị nkịtị kwa ụbọchị na otú nke ahụ si emepụta akụkọ nke ọdịbendị ya.
Ọrụ
Uche Okpa-Iroha chọpụtara mmasị ya na foto n'afọ 2005, mgbe ọ gara ihe ngosi nke ndị otu Naijiria Depth of Field (DOF) kwadoro na London. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-ese foto n'afọ 2006, ebe ọ mụtara n'okpuru nwa nwanne nna ya, Prince Claus Laureate, Uche James Iroha. N'afọ sochirinụ, Uche Okpa-Iroha na ụfọdụ ndị enyi ya guzobere Black Box Photography Collective dị ka obodo nke ndị ịse foto na-anụ ọkụ n'obi. Ndị otu a haziri nnukwu ihe ngosi na Lagos, Nigeria na Havana, Cuba.
N'afọ 2007, a mara ọkwa na Okpa-Iroha bu onye nke mbụ nke asọmpi Life in My City Art and Photography, nke Alliance Franciase na Rokana Industries haziri na Enugu, Nigeria.
N'afọ 2008, ndị nkatọ nabatara nnukwu ọrụ mbụ ya "The Under Bridge Life" ma kpughee ya nye ndị na-ege ntị na mba ụwa. Ọrụ ahụ mere ka ọ nweta ihe nrite Seydou Keita maka Best Photographic Creation na mbipụta 2009 nke African Photography Encounters na Bamako na n'otu afọ ahụ, ọ natara Jean-Paul Blachere Foundation Prize maka otu ọrụ ahụ.
N'afọ 2011, Uche Okpa-Iroha bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe iri abụọ na ise ahọpụtara maka mmemme nyocha nke afọ abụọ na Rijksakademie Van Bleeldende Kunsten. Rijskakdemie Van Bleeldende Kunsten, nke Eze William nke Atọ hiwere na 1870 nyere Uche ikpo okwu maka ịzụlite talent ya na mba ụwa ma kpughee ọrụ ya na mba ụwa.
E gosipụtara ya n'ebe dị iche iche gụnyere New York, Paris, Canada, Belgium, Spain, Germany, France na Berlin.
Ọ nọ na Panel of Nominators maka WorldPressPhoto's Joop Swart Masterclass selection committee na 2016. Ọ bụkwa onye otu International Federation of Kidney Foundation
Ọrụ ndị a ma ama
Plantation Boy (2012)
Emechara ya n'afọ ikpeazụ nke ebe obibi ya na Rijksakademie Van Beeldende Kunsten Amsterdam, Netherlands, usoro 'Plantation Boy' na-ahụ Okpa-Iroha na-etinye aka na ihe nkiri Francis Ford Coppola nke 1972, The Godfather site na ịkewapụ ma na-etinye ihe nkiri iri anọ mbụ site na ihe nkiri ahụ.
Aha a na-etinye ọrụ ahụ n'ime ọchịchọ ndị isi ojii na ndị Afrịka maka nnwere onwe na mkpebi onwe onye nke bilitere n'oge ọrụ ugbo ohu ma na-aga n'ihu na-emetụta ndụ ndị isi ojii n'ụwa niile. O ritere ihe nrite Seydou Keita maka usoro a n'afọ 2009.
Under the Bridge Life (2009)
Under Bridge Life bụ usoro foto nke gosipụtara "ndụ n'okpuru ogwe" na Lagos. Ọ na-egosi gburugburu ebe obibi zuru oke nke na-eme nke ọma n'okpuru afọ nke àkwà mmiri Lagos, nke ghọworo ihe karịrị naanị ebe mgbaba maka ọtụtụ puku ndị bi na ya. Nke a na-akawanye mma site na akụrụngwa Lagos nke okporo ụzọ na àkwà mmiri, netwọk akwara dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-eto 'Life' n'usoro, ọbụlagodi na-enweghị atụmatụ ma ọ bụ nkwado mpụga.
O ritere ihe nrite Seydou Keita maka usoro a n'afọ 2015.
Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ
2022 - Callanan Excellence in Teaching Award (nke bụbu Center Teaching Award)
2015 - Seydou Keita Prize - Best Photography Creation (The Plantation Boy)
Julius Caesar
Òtù:Édémédé mkpu mkpu
Uche Okpa-Iroha
Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ
2010 - Prix Pictet “Growth” na 2010 (Nomination)
2009 - Seydou Keita Prize - Best Photography Creation (Under the Bridge Life)
2009 - Jean-Paul Blachere Foundation Prize
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Nnewi
, Nnewi nwere ihe ruru mmadụ 391,227 dịka ọnụọgụgụ Naịjirịa siri dị. Atụmatụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ n'afọ 2019 na-egosi na Nnewi nwere ihe karịrị 900,000. Obodo a gbasara ala ihe karịrị square kilomita 200 (520 km2) na steeti Anambra. Mpaghara Nnewi Obodo ukwu na obodo satịlaịtị ya bụ ebe obibi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde 2.5. N'akụkụ ya, Nnewi nwere nnukwu oke n'akụkụ ngalaba ndị ọzọ niile, n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụọgụgụ 1953 ghọtara dị ka obodo kachasị n'ime ime obodo nke ndị ọzọ niile na steeti ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naijịrịa.
Atụmatụ ịbụ obodo nke iri na abụọ na-eto ngwa ngwa na kọntinent Africa n'ime 2020 na 2025, na-enwe uto 5.18%.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E kewara alaeze Nnewi n'akụkụ anọ (nnukwu obodo), bụ Otolo, Uruagu, Umudim, na Nnewichi. E kewara obodo ọ bụla ka ọ bụrụ otu ezinụlọ akpọrọ 'umunna'. Umunna obula nwere ezi na ulo nke amara dika 'obi'.
Akụkụ anọ ndị a bụ aha mbụ ụmụ Edo: Otolo bụ ọkpara na Nnewichi bụ ọdụdụ n'ime ụmụ Obi nke Nnewi.
Ebe Nnewi n'akụkọ ihe mere eme Igbo
Edo bu chi kachasi elu nke ndi Alusi nile (Igbo: chi) na obodo Anaedo. Ụlọ nsọ dị na etiti na ejiko alusi niile onu dị na Ǹkwọ Nnewi, ahịa nke etiti. Enwere chi anọ ọzọ na Nnewi: Ana, Ezemewi, Eze na Ele. Ndị Europe malitere Iso Ụzọ Kraịst n'afọ 1885 ma ọtụtụ ndị Nnewi na-emezi Iso Ụzọ Kraịst ugbu a.
Nnewi, Ichi na Oraifite mebere steeti Anaedo. Obodo Anaedo nwere otu agbụrụ nna, nkwenye na usoro uru ọdịnala. Nnewi bụ nnukwu ụlọ ahịa na mmepụta ihe na Naijiria. N'ihi nnukwu ọrụ azụmahịa ya, obodo ahụ adọtala ọtụtụ nde ndị si na steeti na mba ndị ọzọ kwa.
Ofala Nnewi bụ mmemme omenaala a na-eme kwa afọ obula iji na-eme emume ochichi nke Igwe Nnewi. Iwa ji ọhụrụ ( New yam festival ) na Ikwuaru sokwa n'ememme omenala a na-eme kwa afọ obula na Nnewi. Alaeze Nnewi nwekwara aha ọzọ ana akpo ya bụ Anaedo nke pụtara ala ọla edo(Chi kachasị elu na chi nwanyị Nnewi).
Giographi
N'ọdịdị ala, Nnewi na-adaba n'ime mpaghara oke mmiri ozuzo nke Nigeria. N'agbanyeghi na ọ na-ata ahụhụ site na ntapu ala na mbuze nke mere ka ala dị n'akụkụ ụfọdụ gaa n'ebe ájá ájá siri ike, ọ ka bụ mpaghara ihe ọkụkụ bara ụba na ebe mbụ azụmahịa azụmahịa. Obodo a dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke osimiri Naịja, na ihe dịka kilomita iri abụọ na abụọ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Ọnịcha na steeti Anambra, Naijiria.
Ọchịchị Obodo
A na-akpọ eze ọdịnala Nnewi Igwe. Igwe dị n'alaeze Nnewi bụ tupu ndị Europe abịarute, mere ka ọ bụrụ eze pụrụ iche n'ala Igbo. A ma ndị Igbo ka ndị na adịghị enwe eze, ya mere ndị Igbo na-ewu ewu na-asị Igbo é nwě Eze, nke pụtara 'ndị Igbo enweghị eze'. N'agbụrụ Igbo ndị ọzọ, ndị ọchịchị Briten na-achị achị kere ndị isi akwụkwọ ikike wee weghara ọkwa na aha Igwe wee họpụta ya ruo taa. Na Nnewi, Igwe bụ isi obi (onye isi ndị Obi ) ya mere Igwe, nke sụgharịrị n'ụzọ nkịtị dị ka eluigwe ma ọ bụ elu dịka ọ na-ejide Ofo, akara okpukperechi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. A mụrụ ya ma emeghị ya ma ọ bụ họpụta ya, na ụlọ ọrụ nketa bụ ikike na ihe ùgwù ọdịnala. A naghị ebufe ọnọdụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nwee mkparịta ụka. Obukwa onye Obi. Obi bụ aha ndị isi na-achị achị; ọ bụ ihe nhata nke onye isi na ndị isi. thumb| Obi Otolo onye nke iri abuo ya na ìgwè (King ) alaeze Nnewi His Royal Highness Igwe Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu III Onye na-achị ugbu a bụ Eze Igwe Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu III ; ọ bụ eze kacha ogologo oge na Naijiria na ọ bụ eze nke iri abụọ na usoro ọmụmụ eze Nnofo. Igwe Kenneth Orizu III bụ onye isi klaasị mbụ na steeti Anambra site na Nnewi nakwa osote onye isi oche nke Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze Anambra. thumb| Ndị eze ọdịnala Nnewi Onwere Obis n'ezigbo ano nke mebere Nnewi. Obi kachasị elu na nke kacha elu bụ Obi nke Ọtọlo, bụkwa Igwe nke Nnewi. Chief Afamefuna Obi, Obi Bennett Okafor na Obi George Onyekaba bucha obi nke Uruagu, Umudim, and Nnewichi, ugbua. Obi atọ ndị a na Igwe Orizu, III dịka onyeisi oche bụ Igwe-in-Council na ha kpachapụrụ anya maka ihe gbasara mmụọ, ọdịnala na obodo, na Nnewi.
Enwekwara otu obodo na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke a na-akpọ Nzuko-Ora Nnewi. Ọ bụ ọgbakọ ndị okenye Nnewi (afọ iri na asatọ ma ọ bụ karịa) ga-esi na-atụnye aka na nkwalite Obodo Nnewi. E kere otu a iji kwado na kwalite nguzobe nke ụlọ na akụrụngwa ga-akwalite ma kwalite ụdị ndụ ndị mmadu na ebi na Nnewi.
Usoro iwu
Site na usoro iwu a, ikpe ọmụma ma ọ bụ ịdị ọcha onwe nwere ike ịmalite ngwa ngwa, n'ihi na mkpebi ahụ dabere na ikpe ziri ezi sitere n'okike. Enyere ntaramahụhụ maka mmejọ na mpụ gbasara ike mmeye ha. Nwoke a mara ikpe dị oké njọ nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ihe ọzọ ọ ga-eme karịa ka e resị ya n'ịbụ ohu ma ọ bụ chụpụ ya n'obodo ruo ndụ ya niile. Agaghị egbu ya maka na ogbugbu e gburu mmadụ megidere iwu chi Edo. Usoro ikpe na Nnewi yiri ka ọ mara ọkwa ikpe atọ, obere mpụ, ezi ikpe mpụ, na ikpe obodo nke ụgwọ, ọnụ ahịa nwunye na ala. Nbibi iwu bụ n'ezie mmejọ megide ụfọdụ juju, yabụ na a ga-eji achụ àjà wepụ ya. Ọ dịka ọmụmaatụ, amachibidoro igbu agwọ "eke", ụdị python, ma ọ bụ iri "ewi," òké ezinụlọ oke bekee. O yikarịrị ka ọ dịghị mgbe e ji ọchịchọ obi mebie iwu ndị a, ọ bụrụkwa na e mebie ya na mberede, onye ahụ dara iwu ga-achụ àjà ozugbo n'enweghị ụdị ikpe ikpe ọ bụla. Usoro mpụ n'ihe gbasara mpụ dị oke njọ, dịka ọ dị na Nnewi ka emebere karịa ebe ndị ọzọ n'ala Igbo. E nwere ụdị mmebi iwu asaa, nke a maara dị ka "ori-obi," mmejọ megide obi, n'ihi na a na-eme nyocha ha mgbe niile na obi nke nkeji iri na ise.
Ọchịchị
Nnewi etinyela aka n'ụzọ ziri ezi nke ndị isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. AA Nwafor Orizu ; onyeisi ụlọ ọgbakọ omebe iwu Naijiria na mba mbụ ma mechaa, onye na-achị achị tupu ọchichi ọchịchị mbụ nke 1966, MCK Ajuluchukwu; onye na-akwado mba, onye na-emegide ọchịchị na onye na-eme iwu obodo mbụ, Chief ZC Obi (Onunekwuluigbo Igbo); onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị republik nke mbụ, Sir Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu, OBE, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu (Ikemba Nnewi); Onye bụbu Gọvanọ ndịagha nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naijiria na onyeisiala mba Biafra dara ada, Comrade Dr. Edward Ikem Okeke ; Osote onye isi oche nke PRP na onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye President (Second Republic), Mr. FC Nwokedi; odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide nke mbụ na Naijiria, Dr. Dozie Ikedife (Ikenga Nnewi); mbụ onye isi ala ndi Ohanaeze Ndigbo, Professor ABC Nwosu; Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka ahụike na East Central steeti na Anambra steeti bụ Dọkịnta Chu Okongwu; Onye bụbu minista na-ahụ maka ego; Dr David Bennet Anagwu Ofomata;mbụ onye ntụzi-aka n'ihe gbasara ahụike, Nigerian Railway Corporation, First CEO/Onye isi oche Anambra Health Management Board & Chairman old Nnewi LGA;
Nnewi bụkwa ụlọ nna ndị ama ama na Naijiria gụnyere ndị a na-akwanyere ùgwù edepụtara n'okpuru ebe a. Hụ (Ndị mmadụ).
Akụ na ụba
Dị ka obodo na-emepe emepe ngwa ngwa yana nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na azụmahịa n'Africa, Nnewi na-ahụ maka ọrụ ego dị ukwuu, ya mere ọ na-akwado nnukwu ụlọ akụ na ụlọ ọrụ ego ndị ọzọ. Ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche dị gburugburu obodo na obodo ndị dị nso. A na-emepụta mmanụ nkwụ, ihe ịchọ mma, ugbo ala, na akụkụ ọgba tum tum, akwụkwọ, na ngwa akwụkwọ, textiles, cable eletrik, na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ahịa na mpaghara ahụ. Ndị isi azụmaahịa gụnyere ahịa Nkwo Nnewi ebe ana ere akụkụ ọgba tum tum (ahịa akụkụ ọgba tum tum nke kachasi na Africa) Agbọ-Edo motor spare parts market, Nwagbala market, Generator parts market, ahịa akụkụ ihe ndị eletrik, ahịa izugbe nke Nkwọ Nnewi (Ime) Afia),ahia nkụ ndị Nnewi (Ọgbọ osisi), ahịa Nwafor, ahịa Eke Amaobi, Eke Ochie, ahia Eke Ichi , ahia Orie otube, ahịa OkpunoegbU etc.
Ịkọ ugbo na oke ohia
Isi ọrụ ndị Nnewi na-arụ bụ ịzụ ahịa, mmepụta na ọrụ ugbo, ya mere ha na-adabere na azụmahịa, ịzụ ahịa na ọrụ ugbo maka ihe ha na-eri kwa ụbọchị. Most Ndị Nnewi (Nnewi people) have mbụbọ (home gardens) and ubi (out-station gardens) where they usually cultivate their farm products. A na-ebukarị ihe ubi ndị a mgbe a na-ewe ihe ubi n'ahịa maka ọrịre. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ọkụkụ a na-enwetakarị gụnyere nkwụ mmanụ, nkwụ raffia, groundnut, egusi, owu, koko, rọba, ọka, na cetera. A na-amịpụtakwa ihe ọkụkụ dị ka ji, akpu, kokoyam, mkpụrụ osisi bred, na ji akwụkwọ atọ n'ụba. Ebe Nnewi dị n'ime oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na-enye ya ntọala gburugburu ebe obibi maka imepụta ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche nke ebe okpomọkụ nwere ikike zuru oke maka mgbakọ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.