cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Fela Kuti
Ihe nketa
Onye ọgụ egwu America bụ Bilal dekọrọ ihe nrụpụtagharị nke Kuti's 1977 " Anya mmiri na Ọbara " maka album ya nke abụọ, Love for Sale, na-egosi onye ọbịa rap nke Common. Bilal zoro aka na ngwakọta Kuti nke jazz na mmasị ndị mmadụ dịka mmetụta na egwu ya.
Ihe nkiri nke afọ 2007 The Visitor, nke Thomas McCarthy duziri, gosipụtara prọfesọ kwụsịrị ( Richard Jenkins ) onye chọrọ ịgụ egwu djembe ; ọ na-amụta site na nwa okorobịa Siria ( Haaz Sleiman ) bụ onye na-agwa prọfesọ na ọ gaghị aghọta n'ezie egwu Africa ma ọ gwụla ma ọ na-ege Kuti ntị. Ihe nkiri a nwere obere vidiyo nke Kuti's "Open and Close" na " Je'nwi Temi (Don't Gag Me)".
N'afọ 2008, mmepụta ihe na-apụ apụ na Broadway gbasara ndụ Kuti, nke akpọrọ Fela! sitere na akụkọ ndụ 1982 Fela, Fela! Nke a Bitch of a Life nke Carlos Moore, malitere site na nkuzi mmekorita n'etiti Afrobeat band Antibalas na Tony award-winner Bill T. Jones. Nmepụta ahụ bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma, na-ere ahịa n'oge ọ na-agba ọsọ ma nweta otuto dị egwu. Na 22 Nọvemba 2009, Fela! malitere ịgba ọsọ na Broadway na ụlọ ihe nkiri Eugene O'Neill. Jim Lewis nyeere aka dee edemede ahụ (yana Jones) wee nweta nkwado onye mmepụta site na Jay-Z na Will Smith, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Na 4 Mee 2010, Fela! a họpụtara maka 11 Tony Awards, gụnyere Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical, Best Direction of a Musical for Bill T. Jones, Best Leading Actor in a Musical for Sahr Ngaujah, na Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Lillias White. Na 2011, mmepụta London nke Fela! (nke a na-eme na Royal National Theatre ) bụ ihe nkiri. Na 11 June 2012, a mara ọkwa na Fela! ga-alaghachi na Broadway maka mmemme 32.
Na 18 August 2009, DJ J.Period weputara free mixtape na ọha ọha, nke isiokwu ya bụ Ndị ozi. Ọ bụ mmekorita ya na onye na-ese hip-hop nke a mụrụ na Somalia bụ K'naan na-akwụ ụgwọ maka Kuti, Bob Marley, na Bob Dylan.
Fela Nwa Kuti: Ọdịda Kalakuta bụ egwuregwu egwuregwu nke Onyekaba Cornel Best dere na 2010. O nwela otuto mmeri dịka akụkụ nke Felabration nke afọ ahụ wee laghachi na 2014 na National Theater and Freedom Park na Lagos. Egwuregwu ahụ na-ekwu maka ihe omume na ebe nzuzo, otu ụbọchị mgbe ọdịda Kalakuta gasịrị.
Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri zuru oke nke ịchọta Fela, nke Alex Gibney duziri, malitere na 2014 Sundance Film Festival. thumb| Fela Kuti akpụrụ akpụ na [[Ikeja|Ikeja, Lagos]] Ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ site na Focus Features, nke Steve McQueen na-eduzi ma dee ya bụ Biyi Bandele, na-ekwu na ọ na-emepụta na 2010, ya na Chiwetel Ejiofor na-edu ndú. Otú ọ dị, site n'afọ 2014, a naghị emepụta atụmatụ ahụ n'okpuru Features Focus, na mgbe ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede bụ isi, Andrew Dosunmu nọchiri McQueen dịka onye nduzi. McQueen gwara The Hollywood Reporter na ihe nkiri a "nwụrụ anwụ".
Ndị njikọta jazz/afrobeat album Rejoice nke Tony Allen na Hugh Masekela, ewepụtara na 2020, gụnyere egwu "Ọ dịghị mgbe (Lagos agaghị abụ otu)", ụtụ maka Kuti, onye Allen na Masekela zutere na 1970s.
Egwu Kuti "Zombie" apụtala na egwuregwu vidiyo Grand Theft Auto: IV, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ụlọ Nzukọ Rock &amp; Roll Hall of Fame na 2021.
N'afọ 2021, Hulu wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ nwere akụkụ isii akpọrọ "McCartney 3, 2, 1," nke e hotara Paul McCartney ka ọ na-ekwu maka nleta ịhụ Fela Kuti na African Shrine, Kuti's club na mpụga Lagos, na mmalite 1970s. : "Egwu ahụ dị nnọọ ịtụnanya nke na m bere ákwá. Ịnụ nke ahụ bụ otu n'ime oge egwu kachasị mma na ndụ m."
N'ubochi nke mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, e mepere ihe nde ihe n'acha bluu nke Nubian Jak Community Trust at 12 Stanlake Road, Shepherd's Bush, ebe Kuti biburu na London n'afọ 1958 n'aka amụ egwu na Trinity College. Mmemme a gụnyere nkwanye ùgwù si n'aka nwa ya nwanyị bụ Shalewa Ransome-Kuti, Resonance FM onye nta akụkọ Debbie Golt, onye bụburu onye nlekọta ọrụ Kuti bụ Rikki Stein, onye ǹkà egwu Lemi Ghariokwu, na ndị ọzọ.
Na 2022, ewebatara Kuti n'ime Black Music &amp; Entertainment Walk of Fame.
Edensibịa
Ihe ndetu
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Aortic dissection
thumb|Aortic dissection Dissection aortic (AD) na-eme mgbe mmerụ ahụ dị n'ime oyi akwa dị n'ime aorta na-eme ka ọbara na-asọba n'etiti mgbidi aortic, na-amanye ọkwa dị iche iche.[1]. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, nke a na-ejikọta ya na mmalite mberede nke nnukwu obi ma ọ bụ mgbu azụ, nke a na-akọwakarị dị ka "ịdọkasị" n'àgwà.[2][3]  Ọzọkwa, vomiting, ọsụsọ, na isi ọkụ nwere ike ime.[3]  Mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịpụta site na mbelata ọbara nye akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ọrịa strok, ischemia dị n'akụkụ aka nri, ma ọ bụ ischemia mesenteric.[3]  Mgbasa aortic nwere ike ibute ọnwụ ngwa ngwa site na erughi oke ọbara na-erute n'obi ma ọ bụ mgbawa zuru oke nke aorta.[3]
Saran Kaba Jones
Saran Kaba Jones (amụrụ na 21 June 1982) bụ onye na-akwado mmiri dị ọcha na onye ọchụnta ego si Liberia. Ọ bụ onye guzobere FACE Africa, otu nzukọ na-arụ ọrụ iji wusie mmiri, ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha (WASH) akụrụngwa na ọrụ na ime obodo dị iche iche na mpaghara ndịda Sahara Africa. Ọ bụ World Economic Forum Young Global Leader na 2016 TIME Magazine Next Generation Leader. E depụtala ọrụ ya na FACE Africa na Boston Globe, na CNN Inside Africa.
Ọrụ
Ọ nọrọ afọ ise na-arụ ọrụ maka ego nke onwe ya maka Kọmitii Mmepe akụ na ụba nke gọọmentị Singapore, ọrụ ọ hapụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010 iji lekwasị anya na FACE Africa.
Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu
2015
2012
2011
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Rana El Nemr
Rana El Nemr (Egyptian, b. 1974, Hanover, Germany) bụ onye na-ese ihe nke bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Cairo, Egypt. Na-arụ ọrụ karịsịa na foto, ọ malitere nyocha nke ndụ obodo ukwu Egypt nke oge a, gụnyere ihe owuwu Cairo, oghere ọha na eze / nke onwe, na njirimara ndị nọ n'etiti. Ọ bụ onye guzobere The Contemporary Image Collective (CIC, Cairo), onye mmemme nke nkuzi, ihe ngosi, na ụlọ ọrụ na-enyocha ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke foto na ọdịbendị anya nke oge a.
Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
El Nemr gụrụ foto akụkọ, mgbasa ozi, na nka na Mahadum Amerika, Cairo. O gosipụtara na mba ụwa, gụnyere na Lebanon, Switzerland, Germany, Japan, Finland, na United States. Otu n'ime usoro El Nemr a ma ama, The Metro, site na 2003, na-egosi ụmụ nwanyị na uwe ọdịnala na nke na-abụghị ọdịnala na ụgbọ oloko Cairo, nke usoro ụgbọ oloko ahụ.
Kwakum language
A na-ekewa Kwakum (ISO [kwu]) dị ka nke ndị Bantu subgroup A90 (Kaka) nke mpaghara, bantu "A" asusu ma kpọọ ya kpomkwem A91 site na Guthrie. Dika otu n'ime mmelite kachasị ọhụrụ na usoro nhazi okwa Bantu, asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị na obere ìgwè a bụ: Pol (A92a), Pɔmɔ (A92b), Kweso (A92C) na Kakɔ (A93). Ndị Kwakum na-akpọ onwe ha (na asụsụ ha) dị ka Kwakum ma ọ bụ Bakoum (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụpe ya ka Bakum). Otú ọ dị, ha na-ekwu na ịkpọpụta "Bakoum" malitere naanị mgbe ndị Europe rutere na Cameroon, n'agbanyeghi na a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe taa. A na-asụkarị Kwakum na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Cameroon, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Bertoua.
Olumba
Simons & Fennig depụtara Kwakum dị ka nke nwere olumba atọ: Til, Beten (ma ọ bụ anuncien, ma ọ bụ Petem), na Baki (ma ọ bụ Mbaki). Dịka David Hare si kwuo, e nwere mpaghara abụọ but isi ebe a na-asụ Kwakum: Dimako na Doumé. Mpaghara Dimako nwere obodo nta asatọ gbara obodo Dimako gburugburu. Mpaghara Doumé nwere obodo nta asatọ gbara obodo Doumé gburugburu. Myirita akwukwo ozi dị n'etiti Kwakum a na-asụ na mpaghara abụọ a bụ 92.3%. N'ime obodo ndị a bụ obodo abụọ Baktala na Longtimbi. Ndị bi n'ime obodo ndị a na-ewere onwe ha dị ka Kwakum, mana ha na-akpọkwa onwe ha Til. E nwere ọdịiche okwu nke 91.4% n'etiti Kwakum a na-asụ na mpaghara Dimako na asụsụ a na- asụ n'obodo Til.
Enwere obodo anọ nke ndị na-ewere onwe ha ka Mbeten (ọ bụghị Kwakum). Myirita akwukwo akụkọ dị n'etiti Kwakum nke mpaghara Dimako na obodo Mbeten bụ 81.3%. Ndị Mbaki bi n'ebe dị anya site na Kwakum na nkwekọrịta okwu bụ naanị 47.7%. Ya mere, o yighị ka a ga-ewere Mbaki dị ka olumba nke Kwakum.
ALCAM (2012)
Dị ka ALCAM (2012) si kwuo, ndị Kwakum bi n'ime obodo 8 di na Dimako commune (Haut-Nyong department) na obodo isi ya, gbakwunyere obodo atọ di na Doumé n'ebe ndịda obodo Doumé (ngalaba Haut'Nyong, Eastern Region). Ha dị ihe dị ka 10,000.
Ndị Betán (ma ọ bụ Til), bu ndị bi n'obodo nta atọ dị n'ogbe Dimako (Longtimbi, Kpaktala, na Siafum) si n'ebe ugwu, si n'obodo Mbeten bụ ebe a ka na-asụ Betán - na nso Pol, n'ebe ugwu Bertoua (Pol canton, obodo Bélabo na Diang, ngalaba Lom-et-Djerem, Eastern Region).
N'ikpeazụ, ndị Baki, n'ebe ugwu, bi n'obodo atọ nke Mbaki 1, Mbaki 2 na Mbambo.
Ụda
Kwakum bụ asụsụ ụda olu, Stacey Hare enyochala ya dịka o nwere ụda atọ.
Akwụkwọ Ndị Dị Ndụ N'oge A
François Belliard dechara nyocha mbụ nke Kwakum na 2005. Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ a lekwasịrị anya na egwu nke Kwakum, enwere nkọwa dị nkenke banyere fonology na ụtọ asụsụ. E mere ka akwukwo akuko a dị mfe n'ụdị akwụkwọ akpọrọ Parlons Kwakum (Ka anyị kwuo Kwakum) ma bipụta ya na 2007. Ọrụ abụọ nke Belliard dị naanị na French.
David Hare dechara edemede MA nke akpọrọ Tense in Kwakum Narrative Discourse na June 2018. Stacey Hare dere usoro mmuta MA ya na Tone na Kwakum (A91) na itinye n'ọrụ orthography. Elisabeth Njantcho Kouagang dekwara akwụkwọ mmuta doctoral nke akpọrọ A grammar of Kwakum na 2018. Ọrụ atọ a dị naanị n'asụsụ Bekee. Enwere ike ịchọta data niile e ji mee ihe maka edemede David Hare na blọọgụ ya.
Ihe odide
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Wilhelm Woutersz
Thelmuth Harris Wilhelm Woutersz (19 Julaị 1939 - 16 Nọvemba 2003) bụ onye nnọchi anya mba Sri Lanka a ma ama na onye ọrụ gọọmentị, onye jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ na adịgide adịgide na Ministry of Foreign Affairs nke Sri Lanka. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya Sri Lanka na People's Republic of China, Italy & Yugoslavia.
Mmụta
Wilhelm Woutersz gụrụ akwụkwọ na Royal College Colombo. Ọ gara n'ihu na Mahadum Ceylon, Peradeniya na agụsị akwụkwọ na 1961 na Bachelor of Arts na akwụkwọ Bekee, ọdịda anyanwụ ọdịda anyanwụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Europe.
Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
N'ime oge dị mkpirikpi ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ nkuzi nke S. Thomas' College, Mt Lavinia tupu ọ banye na Ceylon Civil Service na 1962 ma nyefee ya na Ceylon Overseas Service na 1965.
Mgbe o sonyechara na ndị ọrụ mba ofesi ọ jere ozi na India, Germany, Pakistan na Bangladesh tupu a họpụta ya onye nnọchi anya Yugoslavia (1986-1991) ebe ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Diplomatic Corps. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ezigara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ndị mmadụ na Republic of China (1993-1997) na nkwado nke oge a dị ka onye nnọchi anya Mongolia. N'ịbụ onye jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke ngalaba dị iche iche na onye isi nchịkwa na Ministry of Foreign, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye odeakwụkwọ na adịgide adịgide nke Ministry of Foreign Affairs (nke a maara dị ka odeakwụkwọ mba ọzọ) na 1997 wee jide ọkwa ruo 1999, n'ọnọdụ a ọ nọ n'ọkwá. jere ozi dị ka onye isi nke ọrụ mba ofesi.
N'afọ 1999, e zigara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya Sri Lanka na Ịtali na Holy See ma bụrụkwa onye nnọchianya na Gris na onye isi kọmishọna na Saịprọs na Malta. N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Sri Lanka na UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Food Programme (WFP), na International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) ma jee ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke Group of 77 (G77) Conference dị ka onyeisi ụlọ ọrụ Rome Chapter site na 1999 ruo 2002. N'afọ 2003 mgbe ọ laghachiri mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ ya, ọ lara ezumike nká na Foreign Service. Wilhelm ga eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Dutch Burgher Union nke Ceylon ruo mgbe ọ na arịa ọrịa strok na emebi emebi na ọnwụ dị egwu na nwunye ya na ahụ n'anya Desiree Frederick Rita Hills n'akụkụ àkwà ya. Maka ndị nwere ihu ọma ịnwe nsọpụrụ a na adịghị ahụkebe ịmara Wilhelm ga ama ihe ọ bụ iji mmesapụ aka ya, ọmịiko ma nwee obi ụtọ na ọgụgụ isi ya. A na echeta ya nke ọma ma na echefu ya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.
AFR100
thumb|Ala mebiri emebi n'ugbo dị na Niger. AFR100 (African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative) bụ mmekorita mba ụwa n'etiti mba Africa, ọdịmma ego ma ndị na-enye onyinye na azụmahịa, ụlọ ọrụ nka, na ọdịmma obodo nke na-achọ iweghachi ihe karịrị 100 nde hectare ala n'Africa site na 2030. Ọ na-achọ inweta ihe ndị a. mbọ na-abawanye nchekwa nri, ịlụso ịda ogbenye ọgụ, ma belata mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ime kọntinent ahụ. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke ịma aka Bonn zuru ụwa ọnụ iweghachi hectare 150 site na 2020 yana hectare 350 site na 2030. Dị ka nke Nov 29, 2021 ha nwere nkwa nke 127.77% nke ebumnuche ha site na mba 31 Africa.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Tupu mmalite ya, e mere atụmatụ mbụ na Septemba 2015 na 14th World Forest Congress Congress na Durban South Africa. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 100 nde hectare a haziri ahazi bụ nke a kwadoro site na kọmitii teknụzụ dị na ngalaba nke mmepe ime obodo, gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ ugbo nke Africa n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2015. Emebere ya na December 2015 n'oge 2015 United Nations Change Conference's Global Landscapes. Nzukọ nke otu mba Africa na ndị mmekọ aka na ụzụ gụnyere New Partnership for Africa Development (NEPAD), Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), na World Resources Institute (WRI).
AFR100 odeakwụkwọ
Ebe etiti nzikọrịta ozi nke otu a bụ ụlọ ọrụ New Partnership for Africa Development. Ọ na-eme iji chịkọta ndị mmekọ iji nweta nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, enyemaka teknụzụ, nweta ego, ịhazi ihe okike, ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ebe nchekwa etiti maka ihe ọmụma yana nlekota mmemme.
Ọ na-eme dị ka njikọ na mpaghara Economic Communities (RECs) nke African Union. Ụlọ ọrụ odeakwụkwọ na-enyekwa mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na nkwurịta okwu. Nke a gụnyere ihe omume abụọ ahụ dị ka imelite webụsaịtị na akwụkwọ akụkọ yana nkwurịta okwu na mba ndị mmekọ, ndị na-enye onyinye, na ndị mmekọ ọrụ aka. Ọ na-ejikwa nzukọ ma nnọkọ nkịtị na nke ad hoc maka ihe niile site na ndị dị n'etiti mba ruo na otu ọrụ aka na-arụ ọrụ na isiokwu dị iche iche. Ọ na-enweta nkwado ego nke nzukọ ahụ ma mepụta atụmatụ mmefu ego kwa afọ maka ndị otu njikwa na-atụle. Ndị otu ọhụrụ na-etinye aka na nzukọ ahụ site na Secretariat tupu ndị otu njikwa kwadoro nkwenye.
Ndị Nchịkwa AFR100
Ndị otu njikwa ahụ bụ Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BIZ), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), New Partnership for Africa Development (IUCN). NEPAD), World Bank, na World Resources Institute (WRI). Ọ na-enyekwa aka ịhazi mmekorita nka maka mmemme. Ọ na-enwe nzukọ kwa afọ maka mmemme. Ọ na-akwadokwa mmefu ego kwa afọ nke mmemme na ndị otu ọhụrụ.
Ndị mmekọ teknụzụ na ndị mmekọ ego
A na-akpọ ndị mmekọ aka na ụzụ ndị na-enye aka ma ọ bụ nwee ahụmịhe dị ukwuu na nka na ụzụ, nhazi, ma ọ bụ ihe ọmụma mpaghara na mweghachi ala ọhịa ka ha sonye na mmemme ahụ isonye na otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na nzaghachi arịrịọ. Uru gụnyere ịnweta data mmemme nke ọma, ikike ịnweta mmemme dị ka ikpo okwu ule maka ụzọ ha si abịa, yana enwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ịza arịrịọ.
Ikpe ahụ bụ otu ihe ahụ na ndị mmekọ ego ndị a họọrọ dabere na onyinye ego ha nyere na mmemme ahụ. Uru gụnyere ịnweta data miri emi nke mmemme ahụ gbasara atụmatụ mmepe ọkachasị mmetụta akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.
Òtù Ọrụ Ad hoc
A na-eke ìgwè ndị a maka inye ihe ọmụma maka nkwado na nsogbu teknụzụ ma ọ bụ mmejuputa gburugburu mpaghara ụfọdụ n'okpuru ARF100 Secretariat mana ha na-ahazi onwe ha ozugbo e kere ha. Ìgwè ndị a na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ bụ isi ma na-emeghe maka ndị mmekọ ARF100 niile na teknụzụ, ego, na gọọmentị na-ekere òkè.
Nzukọ Ndị mmekọ Kwa Afọ (APM)
Nzukọ ndị mmekọ AFR na-eme ka ndị nnọchiteanya sitere na ndị mmekọ na mba niile yana ndị na-enye onyinye, ndị mgbasa ozi, na ndị ọzọ metụtara. A na-akwado ya otu ugboro n'afọ site na mba nwere mmasị. Ọ bụ ebe a na-elekwasị anya maka mgbanwe nke nsonaazụ na atụmatụ ọdịnihu na ọha na eze n'ozuzu ya yana ịmepụta njikọ na ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma n'etiti ndị mmekọ.
Òtù ndụmọdụ AFR 100
Nke a bụ nnukwu ìgwè na-adịgide adịgide nke ndị otu nwere afọ abụọ nke Secretariat tụpụtara ma kwado ya site na Management Team. Ndị otu ahụ bụ ndị nnọchiteanya si mba, ndị na-enye onyinye a ma ama, na ndị mmekọ ego. Ọ dị iji kwado odeakwụkwọ n'ịkwado mmemme ahụ, ịmepụta na idebe mmekọrịta, na inye nduzi atụmatụ na-enye ohere ka mmemme ahụ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.
Ụkpụrụ Ndị Na-eduzi
AFR100 na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nduzi asatọ maka atụmatụ mweghachi ala ọhịa ya.
Ụzọ Ndị Isi Na-eme Nweghachi
Atụmatụ ndị a na-ahụkarị maka iji ala eme ihe na-adaba n'ụdị atọ: ala ọhịa zuru oke, ala ọrụ ugbo, na ala nchebe ma ọ bụ nke mgbochi.
Ala ndị nwere oke ọhịa gụnyere ọrụ ọhịa iji weghachite oke ọhịa dị ugbu a site na nlekọta kwesịrị ekwesị. Ala na-enweghị oké ọhịa nwere ike ikwe ka ọ dịghachi ọhụrụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ site na obere / enyemaka mbụ na steeti okike ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ bụrụ oké ọhịa a na-achịkwa nke ọma maka itolite na iji / ree ngwaahịa nke osisi ahụ.
Enwere ike ijikwa ala ugbo nwere oke ọhịa iji weghachite ahụike ala ma ọ bụ agroforestry ebe a na-akụ osisi na osisi ndị ọzọ na ụfọdụ njupụta site na ikuku dị mfe ruo na njupụta dị elu nke nwere ike inye ihe ọkụkụ ndò.
Buffers na-adaba n'ụdị abụọ. Oké ọhịa mangroves dị mkpa dị ka ebe mmiri na-eme maka nlekọta nke ụdị dị iche iche ma nwee ike ime ihe iji belata oké ifufe. Ihe mgbochi ndị dị n'akụkụ ebe ndị dị elu yana mmiri nwere ike belata mbuze na idei mmiri.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Tchidi Chikere
Ndabere na mmalite ndụ
Chikere si Amuzi Ahiazu Mbaise na Imo Steeti. Ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ nke nne na nna ya. Ọ gụrụ asụsụ Bekee na Mahadum Calabar. Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum, ọ malitere ide ihe nkiri ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke otu egwu mmadụ atọ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị National Youth Service, ọ gara UK, ma bipụta akwụkwọ mbụ ya mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ. Chikere banyere n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum.
Ihe nkiri
Ọ na-eduzi mkparịta ụka The Pink Room.
Egwú
N'afọ 2007, Chikere wepụtara abọm egwu mbụ ya, nke akpọrọ Slaps n Kisses. Ọ bụ OJB Jezreel na Marvelous Benji mepụtara abọm ahụ ma nwee atụmatụ sitere na Rita Dominic, Pat Attah, Marvelous Benji, Jimmy B na OJB Jezreel. E wepụtara abọm nke abụọ ya na UK.
Ihe nrite na nhọpụta
Chikere enwetala ihe nrite maka nduzi ya gụnyere Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards. Na Africa Movie Academy Awards n'afọ 2008, o meriri Best Comedy maka Stronger Than Pain, a họpụtakwara ihe nkiri ya Beautiful Soul maka Best Screenplay. A họpụtara ya ugboro abụọ na 2012 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards, maka Best Actor - Diaspora maka ọrụ ya na When Heaven Smiles na maka Best Male Act - Diaspora (Viewer's Choice). A họpụtakwara ya maka Best Original Screenplay na 2013 Nollywood Movies Awards maka iduzi / imepụta Dumebi.
Ndetu
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alliance Française de Lagos
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2019-06_Drone_picture_Af_2.jpg/220px-2019-06_Drone_picture_Af_2.jpg|thumb|Ihe owuwu nke etiti ọhụrụ Alliance Française nke Lagos (French: l'Alliance Française de Lagos) bụ ụlọ ọrụ Naijiria na-enweghị uru na Lagos nke Alliance Française of Paris kwadoro iwu ya. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-etinye aka na ọzụzụ na agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị Naijiria, ọkachasị ndị Lagosians n'asụsụ French ma na-anabata ihe omume ọdịnala.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1959. Ihe dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ pụkụ anọ na-edebanye aha kwa afọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ maka nkụzi ha. E nwere ebe ụmụnne nwanyị iri n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Naịjirịa gụnyere Enugu, Ibadan, Ilorin, Jos, Kano, Kaduna, Lagos, Maiduguri, Owerri na Port Harcourt. Af Lagos bụ otu n'ime njikọ aka kachasị ukwuu n'Africa. Dị ka otu n'ime netwọk ụwa nke Alliances, ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Foundation des Alliances Françaises na Paris. Dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ na-eduga n'ịkwalite asụsụ na ọdịbendị French, ọ na-akwado ya site na Ministry of Foreign Affairs nke France.
Isi oche nke Alliance Française de Lagos dị na Ikoyi tupu ọ kwaga Yaba na 1990s.
Alliance Française ọhụrụ nke Lagos, Mike Adenuga Centre
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2019-07_Pic_Alliance.jpg/220px-2019-07_Pic_Alliance.jpg|thumb|Otu n'ime ụlọ kachasị mma na Lagos, njikọta nke ụlọ ochie na ụlọ ọgbara ọhụrụ Oche ahụ si Yaba laghachi Ikoyi n'afọ 2019, n'ihi nkwado pụrụ iche nke Dr Mike Adenuga onye kpebiri iwu ụlọ ọrụ ọdịbendị na asụsụ ọhụrụ. Onye isi ala France Emmanuel Macron meghere akụkụ mbụ nke ọrụ ahụ n'oge nleta ya gara nke ọma na Lagos na Julaị 2018 ma meghee ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n"ụzọ zuru ezu na Mee 2019. Ọrụ ahụ, nke Baron Architecture sere, nwa nwanyị onye nkwado ahụ n'onwe ya, Ms Bella Disu na onye nduzi nke Alliance Française de Lagos, Charles Courdent sochiri. A na-ewere ya dị ka ihe owuwu magburu onwe ya, otu n'ime ụlọ kachasị mma na Lagos, na ebe ọdịnala pụrụ iche, gụnyere ụlọ nzukọ, ọbá akwụkwọ, ebe nka, ebe egwuregwu n'èzí wdg. "Nkwado" Eric Kayser, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ebe a na-eme achịcha nke France, nwekwara ike ịchọta na Mike Adenuga Center. link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Restaurant_Eric_Kayser.jpg/220px-Restaurant_Eric_Kayser.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, Eric Kayser Af Lagos nwere alaka nke abụọ na Ikeja, n'ihi mmekọrịta ya na Ministrị Mmụta nke Lagos State.
Ememe Omenala
Alliance Française de Lagos anọwo na-akwado ihe omume na ememme ndị dị mkpa (igba egwú, ihe nkiri, foto -LagosPhoto-, akwụkwọ -Ake-, egwu, ihe nkiri wdg) kemgbe e meghere na 2019. link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Cinema_Af_Lagos.jpg/220px-Cinema_Af_Lagos.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ Nzukọ link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Terrace_de_l%27Alliance.jpg/220px-Terrace_de_l%27Alliance.jpg|thumb
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Alliance Française Òtù:Omenala na Lagos Òtù:Agụmakwụkwọ na Steeti Lagos
Michael Obafemi
Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Obafemi na Dublin ma nne na nna bu ndi Naijiria. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara gaa England ha zụlitere ya na mpaghara London. Nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya bu Afolabi Obafemi bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ.
Ọrụ klọb
Watford hapụrụ Obafemi tupu ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke iri na anọ bu n'afọ 2014. O hapụrụ otu afọ ọ gbaghi bọọlu, tupu ọ banye Leyton Orient n'afọ 2015, ma gafeekwa na Southampton n'afọ 2016.
Southampton
Obafemi mere ọkachamara mpụta mbụ ya maka Southampton dị ka onye nọchiri anya ha na nkeji 82 nke ha na Tottenham Hotspur gbara 1-1 n'ubọchi 21 Jenụwarị n'afọ 2018. Ịbụ onye dị afọ 17 na ụbọchị 199, Obafemi ghọrọ onye kacha nta nke abụọ na ndị ọkpụkpọ ịpụta na egwuregwu Premier League maka Southampton mana Luke Shaw bu ụzọ pụta n'afọ 17 na ụbọchị 116.
O nyere goolu nke atọ gbagoro goolu ọkachamara mbụ ya na mmeri 3–1 na Huddersfield na n'ubochi 22 n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2018; na 18 afọ na 169 ụbọchị, ọ ghọrọ onye na enye goolu kacha nta nke Southampton na Premier League.
Obodo Swansea
N'ụbọ́chị 31 n'ọnwa Ọgọst n'afọ 2021, Obafemi sonyeere Swansea City maka ụgwọ a kọrọ na ọ dị n'etiti nde £1.5 na £2, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. N'ụbọ́chị 23 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2021, Obafemi nyere goolu mbụ ya maka Swansea na mmeri 2–1 ha meriri Birmingham City.
Ọrụ mba ụwa
Obafemi tozuru oke ịnọchite anya England, Naijiria na Repoblik nke Ireland. Agbanyeghị, n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2018 ọ kwadoro Repoblik nke Ireland.
Obafemi anọchiela anya Repoblik nke Ireland n'ọkwa ndị afọ na akaghi-19, mpụta mbụ ya n'oge mkpọsa Asompi Iru eru 2019 nke UEFA European.
N'abali 6 n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2018, a kpọrọ Obafemi aha n'otu ndị isi Repoblik nke Ireland oge mbụ maka enyi na enyi ha na Ugwu Ireland n'abali 15 n'ọnwa Nọvemba na egwuregwu UEFA Nations League megide Denmark n'abali 19 n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2018. Ọ bịara dị ka onye nọchiri anya na ọkara nke abụọ nke 0-0 sere megide Denmark iji mee mpụta mbụ ya. Ọ ghọkwara onye ọkpụkpọ mbụ a mụrụ n'afọ 2000 gawa n'ihu iji nweta okpu ndi isi maka Ireland. Obafemi mere mpụta mbụ ya maka ndị otu Repoblik nke Ireland ndi afọ ha akaghi-21 n'abali 10 n'ọnwa Ọctoba n'afọ 2019, na-apụta na oche, na eserese 0-0 ha na ndị na akaghi afọ-21 nke Italy na Ama Egwuregwu Tallaght.
Klọb
Maka egwuregwu bọọlu agbara n'ubochi 5 n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2022.
Mba ụwa
Maka egwuregwu bọọlu agbara n'ubochi 19 n'ọnwa Novemba n'afọ 2018.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Theuns
Theuns bụ ụdị dị mkpirikpi ejiri na South Africa nke nwoke Dutch nyere aha Theunis, nke dị ka Teunis, ọ bụ ihe ewepụtara Anthonius (Anthony). Ma Theunis na Theuns dịkwa ka aha nna nna. Ndị ama ama nwere aha a gụnyere ndị a:
Segun Toriola
Segun Moses Toriola (amuru 18 Septemba 1974 na Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria ) bu onye okachamara n'egwuregwu tebụl tenis nke Naijiria.
Ọ bụ ya bụ nwa kacha nta n’ime ụmụnna itoolu ya.
Kemgbe 1995, a na-ahọpụta ya dịka onye tebụl tenis Naijiria kacha mma. Ọ so na ndị egwuregwu tebụl tenis kacha elu n'Africa kemgbe etiti 1990s. Enyere ya nọmba 1 n'Afrịka site na 1998 ruo June 2008, mgbe onye Egypt bụ Eli Saleh Ahmed ghọrọ onye na-edu n'egwuregwu Tebụl tenis n'Africa. Agbanyeghị, kemgbe 2009, Toriola abụrụla nọmba 1 n'Africa ọzọ. A ma ya ama maka ụdị egwuregwu a na-adịghị ahụkebe dika n'ihu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye mmegide na-adịghị mma maka ndi ọtụtụ. N'agbanyeghị enweghị ezigbo ọrụ ụkwụ, ọ nwere ọmarịcha topspin, nke nyere ya ohere iwepụ ọtụtụ mmeri iwe na ndị egwuregwu ụwa kachasị mma.
N'oge ọrụ ya ọ nwetagoro ọtụtụ nrite na asọmpi otu mba ụwa. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa ọ rụzuru bụ:
Ọ nọchitere anya Naịjirịa na asọmpi Summer Olympics nke asaa mpụta mbụ na Barcelona. Nnukwu ihe ọ rụzuru n'egwuregwu Olympik bụ irute n'ikpeazụ n'ọkwa otu ndi nwoke 1/16 n'egwuregwu Olimpik Summer 2008 na Beijing, iti n'etiti ndị ọzọ bụbu onye mba ụwa nke mbu Jean-Michel Saive yana David Zhuang. Ọtụtụ ndị hụrụ asọmpi 1/32 ya na Jean-Michel Saive dị ka otu n'ime ihe pụtara ìhè na asọmpi n'ọkwa otu ndi nwoke. Oh Sang-Eun nke nanwere nnukwu mmasị n'asọmpi meriri ya 4–3 na 1/16 ikpeazụ.
Mgbapụta Olimpik nke ise ya mere n'afọ 2008 mere ka ọ bụrụ onye Naijiria mbụ pụtara n'egwuregwu Olympik ise. Ọ mere ihe a n'afọ anọ tupu mgbe ahụ site n'onye ọsọ Mary Onyali nakwa na 2008 site n'aka onye egwuregwu tebụl tenis Bose Kaffo ibe ya. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke asọmpi Summer Olympik 2008, naanị ndị egwuregwu tenis iri na atọ n'ụwa niile pụtara na asọmpi ise. Site na nsonye ya na 2012 Olympik na London ọ ghọrọ naanị onye na-eme egwuregwu Naijiria pụtara na Olympik isii. Ya mere, o sonyeere João N'Tyamba nke Angola na Maria Mutola nke Mozambique dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu Africa nke atọ na-asọmpi n'ọtụtụ Summer Olympik.
2018 ITTF African-Cup
Toriola meriri na 2018 IITF African-Cup, na-etinye nke mbụ na otu 4, na-enye ya ohere iru eru maka Quarter Finals. Na Quarter Finals ahu, Toriola chere ihu wee merie onye na-egwu egwu Congo Saheed Idowu (2-4) nke butere mkpochapụ Toriola. Na agba nke ntinye, Toriola meriri ma Thameur Mamia (3-2) na Sami Kheroff (3-1) iji mechaa asọmpi ahụ na ebe 5th.
Ihe nketa
Segun Toriola bụ aha yiri ya na Tebụl Tenis nke Naijiria na nke Africa. N'ịbụ onye meriri ọtụtụ aha Africa ma pụta n'egwuregwu Olympik isii, Toriola enweela mmetụta nke ọma n'ime afọ 40 ya ka etinyere ya mgbe niile n'etiti ndị iri kacha elu n'Africa. Mkpakọrịta ya na ndị otu ya bụ Quadri Aruna n'egwuregwu Men's Doubles na Team maka ịnọchite anya obodo ha bụ Nigeria abụrụla ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọgbọ ụwa.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Katsuhiro Nakamura
Katsuhiro Nakamura (中村 勝広, Nakamura Katsuhiro, June 6, 1949 - Septemba 23, 2015) bụ ọkachamara n'egwuregwu bọọlụ Japan, onye nchịkwa na onye njikwa.
Ịtụ Mgbere Ahịa Mmadụ na Mba Denmark
Denmark bụ isi mba njem na ebe a na-aga maka ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka si mba Baltic, East na Central Europe, Nigeria, Thailand, na South America na-azụ ahịa mmadụ, ọkachasị ịgba akwụna mmanye. E nwere otu akụkọ n'afọ gara aga [nkọwa dị mkpa] nke otu nwoke nọ n'afọ iri na ụma si Nigeria nke a napụtara n'ahịa mmekọahụ na Denmark. Gọọmentị ekwughị akụkọ ọ bụla gbasara ọrụ mmanye n'oge akụkọ ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Danish Anti-Trafficking Center mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ nkwari akụ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na ọrụ ugbo, nwere ike ịbụ ndị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ mmanye na Denmark. E nwere akụkọ a na-ejighị n'aka na a manyere ụmụaka ndị mba ọzọ itinye aka na mpụ n'okporo ámá. Gọọmentị wepụtara akụkọ n'afọ 2010 banyere ihe akaebe na-arịwanye elu na enwere ike iji òtù “au pair' mee ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ n'ihu maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Ọtụtụ narị ụmụaka ndị mba ọzọ na-enweghị onye na-eso ha na-abata na Denmark kwa afọ bụ ndị na-adịghị ize ndụ maka ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Ngalaba Steeti nke United States tinyere mba ahụ na "Tier 2" n'afọ 2020 Trafficking in Persons Report.
Mkpesa
Denmark machibidoro ma mmekọahụ ma ịzụ ahịa ọrụ site na Nkebi nke 262 nke iwu mpụ ya. Ntaramahụhụ e nyere maka ịzụ ahịa n'okpuru ngalaba 262 na-agbatị ruo afọ asatọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, dị oke oke, ma kwekọọ na ntaramahụhụ e nyere maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị egwu, dị ka ndina n'ike. Ndị uwe ojii kwuru na ha mere nyocha mmadụ iri anọ na anọ n'oge akụkọ ahụ. N'iji Nkebi nke 262, gọọmentị gbara mmadụ iri abụọ na ise ikpe maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ ma maa ndị omekome iri na otu ikpe n'afọ 2009. Gọọmentị gbara ndị ọzọ ebubo na ha na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ n'okpuru iwu ndị ọzọ, dị ka ịzụta ịgba akwụna. Ndị omekome iri na otu a mara ikpe n'afọ 2009 jere ozi oge ụfọdụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ; ọ dịghị onye natara ikpe nkwụsị. Ikpe maka ndị omekome a mara ikpe na-azụ ahịa sitere na ọnwa ise (5) ruo ọnwa iri anọ na abụọ (42) n' mkpọrọ. Ndị uwe ojii mba Denmark nyere ọzụzụ megide ịzụ ahịa na mpaghara ndị uwe ojii niile na ndị uwe ojii ọhụrụ n'oge akụkọ ahụ, ndị ndu ndị uwe ojii ewerewo usoro dị iche iche iji dozie mpụ ahụ; Otú ọ dị, a ka amachọpụtabeghị ịdị irè nke ọzụzụ a.
Nchedo
Denmark kwadoro enyemaka ya na mbọ nchebe ya n'ime afọ. Na mgbakwunye na iji usoro njirimara ndị a na-ahụ maka ya, gọọmentị mere usoro mgbasa ozi nke ndị a na-ahụ maka ndị mmadụ ajụjụ ọnụ na-agba akwụna, yana n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na ebe mgbaba, iji gbalịa ịchọpụta ma napụta ndị napụta ndị na-azụ ahịa. Gọọmentị chọpụtara mmadụ iri ise na anọ e gburu n'oge akụkọ ahụ, site na mmadụ iri asaa na abụọ a chọpụtara n'afọ gara aga. Gọọmentị nyere ndị metụtara ahụike, ezé, akparamàgwà mmadụ, na ọrụ iwu, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ego, nye ndị a na-azụ ahịa n'oge ntụgharị uche ụbọchị 100 - oge maka ndị metụtara inweta nlekọta na enyemaka ozugbo mgbe ha na-atụle ma ha ga-enyere ndị mmanye iwu aka. E nwere ụlọ ọrụ nsogbu abụọ gọọmentị na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ụmụnwanyị na-ahụ maka ime ihe ike, nke na-anabata ụmụnwanyị na-azụ ahịa. Enweghị ụlọ ọrụ mgbaba maka ụmụnwoke metụtara, mana ọ dịkarịa ala otu NGO gọọmentị na-akwụ ụgwọ nyere ụmụnwoke aka. Gọọmentị nyere ndị na-azụ ahịa ụmụaka ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na itinye ha n'ụlọ mgbaba ma ọ bụ nlekọta nlekọta. A naghị enye nkwado nye ndị okenye ma ọ bụ ụmụaka si mba ọzọ na-ahụ maka ịzụ ahịa na Denmark karịa oge ntụgharị uche ma ọ bụrụ na enyeghị ebe mgbaba ma ọ bụ ebe obibi.
Gọọmentị gbara ndị a metụtara ume ka ha nyere aka na nyocha nke ndị na-azụ ahịa ha, gụnyere site n'inye nkwado nke ndị ndụmọdụ a zụrụ azụ n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ndị uwe ojii; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị metụtara enyeghị aka. Ọ bụ ahụmịhe ndị NGO nke Denmark na ụbọchị 100 anaghị ezughi oke maka ndị metụtara iji zụlite ntụkwasị obi zuru oke na ndị ọchịchị obodo iji kpughee nkọwa nke ahụmịhe ịzụ ahịa ha. Na mgbakwunye, mgbe oge ntụgharị uche na usoro ikpe gasịrị, a na-achụpụkarị ndị na-azụ ahịa na mba ha, ebe ndị ọchịchị nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike inye nchebe. Ndị na-azụ ahịa ruru eru itinye akwụkwọ maka mgbaba dị ka ihe ọzọ iji wepụ ha na mba ebe ha ga-eche ntaramahụhụ ma ọ bụ ihe isi ike ihu. N'afọ a [nkọwa dị mkpa], ndị Danish Immigration Service kpebiri na mmadụ isii bụ ndị a na-azụ ahịa ma nwee ikpe mgbaba na-echere n'oge akụkọ ahụ; e nyere otu onye a tara ahụhụ site n'afọ 2008 ebe mgbaba n'afọ 2009. Ndị uwe ojii kwetara ihe ndị na-egbochi ndị metụtara imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị uwe ojii, gụnyere egwu mmegwara site n'aka ndị na-azụ ahịa na ịmara na ha na-alaghachi n'obodo ha. Denmark kwadoro mmekọrịta ya na IOM na NGO na mba ndị sitere na ndị ahụ metụtara iji mee ka a kpọghachite ha n'enweghị nsogbu. Gọọmentị nyere ụmụaka ndị mba ọzọ na-enweghị onye na-eso ha, n'agbanyeghị ma ha bụ ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha na-azụ ahịa ma ọ bụghị, onye nnọchi anya iji nyere aka na ngwa mgbaba ma ọ bụ mbugharị; Otú ọ dị, e dere na e debere ụfọdụ ụmụaka n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị uwe ojii maka ịbịa na akwụkwọ adịgboroja, mpụ na-emekarị n'ihi ịzụ ahịa. Ndị na-akwado ndị Denmark na-akọ na ndị uwe ojii Denmark na-akwanyere ikike nke ndị a na-emegbu ùgwù, mana ha kwuru na a na-ekpe ndị a na-ahụ maka mpụ ndị e mere n'ihi na-azụ ahịa.
Mgbochi
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi gọọmentị na-akwado megide ịzụ ahịa na-elekwasị anya n'ụdị ọ bụla nke ịzụ ahịa, gọọmentị gara n'ihu na mkpọsa malitere n'afọ 2008 nke a na-akpọ "Who Pays the Price?" iji belata ọchịchọ maka azụmahịa mmekọahụ, nke nwere ike ijikọ ya na ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ. Gọọmentị nwere atụmatụ mgbochi ịzụ ahịa, gọọmentị mepụtara akụkọ ọnọdụ kwa afọ na-enyocha mmepe nke afọ gara aga metụtara atụmatụ ahụ. Gọọmentị mepụtara mmekọrịta megide ịzụ ahịa site na ego ya maka mmemme mgbochi ịzụ ahịa na Ukraine, Belarus, na Moldova. Ndị ọchịchị Denmark kwadoro mmekọrịta ya na Scandinavian Airlines, Association of Danish Travel Agents, na Save the Children iji kesaa ọkwa ọrụ ọha na eze megide njem mmekọahụ ụmụaka. Denmark guzobere akara ọkụ maka ndị na-azụ ahịa na otu maka ozi gbasara njem mmekọahụ ụmụaka a na-enyo enyo na mba ofesi. Gọọmentị ekwughị ikpe ọ bụla nke ụmụ amaala ya maka njem mmekọahụ ụmụaka n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka nchekwa nyere ndị agha niile ọzụzụ banyere ịzụ ahịa mmadụ tupu e zigara ha na mba ofesi na ọrụ udo mba ụwa.
Uys
Uys bụ aha nna nke ezinụlọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme South Africa n'ime narị afọ nke iri na itoolu wee nye onyinye pụrụ iche na omenala, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na egwuregwu South Africa n'oge nke iri abụọ.
Alfred L. Bright
Alfred L. Bright (Jenụwarị úbọchị itoolu, 1940 rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, 2019) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe na ónyé nkuzi nka. Ọ ghọrọ "onye isi Africa America mbụ na-arụ ọrụ oge niile" na alma mater ya, Youngstown State University, ọ bụkwa ónyé guzobere na onye nduzi nke mmemme Africana Studies site na 1970 ruo 1987. Enwere ike ịhụ ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, gụnyere Butler Institute of American Art na Canton Museum of Art.
Mohammed Salam
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Susan Jolly Abeja
HiSusan Jolly Abeja bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Uganda na onye otu ndị omeiwu. A họpụtara ya n'ọfịs dị ka nwanyị Member iji nọchite anya mpaghara Otuke n'oge ntuli aka nke afo 2021 Uganda.
Ọ bụ onye omeiwu nwere onwe ya. Susan so na ndị omeiwu 132 a ṅụrụ iyi maka afọ ise dị ka ndị nnọchiteanya maka mpaghara dị iche iche gafee mba ahụ, na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke iri na otu na Mee 17, na afo 2021.
Ebemsidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọnọdụ ikuku ime ụlọ
thumb|A na-ehicha ihe nzacha ikuku Ọnọdụ ikuku ime ụlọ (IAQ) bụ ikuku dị n'ime na gburugburu ụlọ na ihe owuwu. A maara IAQ ka ọ na-emetụta ahụike, ntụsara ahụ, na ọdịmma nke ndị bi n'ụlọ. A na-ejikọta ikuku na-adịghị mma n'ime ụlọ na ọrịa ụlọ, mbelata mmepụta ihe, na mmụta na-adịghị ike n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ihe ndị na-emetọ ikuku ime ụlọ na-agụnye: anwụrụ sịga nke abụọ, ihe na-emetụta ikuku site na ọkụ ime ụlọ, radon, ebu na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị anabata ikuku, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, legionella na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ, eriri asbestos, carbon dioxide, ozone na particulates. Nchịkwa isi iyi, nzacha, na iji ikuku iji mee ka mmetọ dị nro bụ ụzọ bụ isi maka imeziwanye ikuku dị n'ime ụlọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ.
Na Jenụwarị 2023, e bipụtara aro maka ibelata mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ mgbe ị na-eji stove gas, nke jikọtara ya na ohere dị ukwuu nke ụkwara ume ọkụ na ọrịa ndị ọzọ nwere ike, na The New York Times.
Anwụrụ ọkụ sịga nke oge ochie
Anwụrụ ọkụ nke abụọ bụ anwụrụ sịga nke na-emetụta ndị ọzọ na-abụghị onye na-ese siga 'na-arụsi ọrụ ike'. Anwụrụ ọkụ sịga nke abụọ na-agụnye ma gas na akụkụ nke particulate, na ihe ize ndụ ụfọdụ na-esite na ọkwa nke carbon monoxide (dị ka egosiri n'okpuru) na obere particulates (ihe dị mma karịsịa na PM2.5 nha, na PM10) nke na-abanye na bronchioles na alveoles na akpa ume. Nanị usoro doro anya iji melite ikuku dị n'ime ụlọ n'ihe gbasara anwụrụ ọkụ bụ iwepụ ịṅụ sịga n'ime. Ojiji e-cigarette n'ime ụlọ na-emekwa ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị dị n'ụlọ dịkwuo elu.
Mmetọ ikuku sitere na ọkụ ụlọ
alt=a 3-stone stove|thumb|Osiite okwute nwere ụkwụ atọ na Guatemala, nke na-akpata mmetọ ikuku ime ụlọ Isụ ihe ọkụ n'ime ụlọ, dị ka isi nri ma ọ bụ kpo oku, bụ isi ihe na-ebute mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ ma na-ebute nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ike na ọnwụ akaghi aka. Ọkụ ikuku na-eme ka ikuku na-emetọ ya. A na-ebute mmetọ site na ma biomass na mmanụ ọkụ nke ụdị dị iche iche, mana ụfọdụ ụdị mmanụ ọkụ na-emerụ ahụ karịa ndị ọzọ. Ọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ nwere ike ịmepụta ụmụ irighiri carbon ojii, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, na mercury compounds, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ. Ihe dị ka ijeri mmadụ atọ na-esi nri n'elu ọkụ ma ọ bụ n'elu stovu nri. Ihe ndị na-esi nri bụ coal, osisi, nsị anụmanụ, na ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ihe ọkụkụ.
Na Jenụwarị 2023, e bipụtara ụzọ isi meziwanye mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ mgbe ị na-eji stove gas, nke jikọtara ya na ohere dị ukwuu nke ụkwara ume ọkụ na ọrịa ndị ọzọ nwere ike, na The New York Times.
Radon
Radon bụ gas atọm a na-adịghị ahụ anya, nke na-emepụta radium nke na-esite na mbibi radium, nke a nwere ike ịchọta na nkume dị n'okpuru ụlọ ma ọ bụ na ihe owuwu ụfọdụ n'onwe ha. Radon bụ ma eleghị anya ihe kachasị njọ maka ikuku ime ụlọ na United States na Europe, ma eleghị pele ọ bụ ihe kpatara ọtụtụ iri puku ọnwụ site na ọrịa kansa akpa ume kwa afọ. E nwere ihe nnwale dị mfe maka ịnwale gas radon n'onwe gị, mana ọ bụrụ na ụlọ na-ere ahịa, onye nwere ikikere ga-eme nnwale ahụ na steeti ụfọdụ nke US. Radon gas na-abanye n'ụlọ dị ka gas ala ma bụrụ gas dị arọ ma si otú a ga-enwekarị na ọkwa kachasị ala. A pụkwara iwebata Radon n'ime ụlọ site na mmiri ọṅụṅụ karịsịa site na ịsa ahụ n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ. Ihe owuwu nwere ike ịbụ isi iyi a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke radon, mana a na-eme obere nnwale maka nkume, nkume ma ọ bụ tebụl ngwaahịa a na-eweta n'ebe owuwu; nchịkọta radon kachasị maka ụlọ ndị nwere ezigbo mkpuchi. Ọkara ndụ maka radon bụ ụbọchị 3.8, na-egosi na ozugbo ewepụrụ isi iyi ahụ, ihe ize ndụ ahụ ga-ebelata nke ukwuu n'ime izu ole na ole. Ụzọ mgbochi nke radon na-agụnye imechi ala steeti, ntọala ala, usoro mmiri, ma ọ bụ site n'ịbawanye ikuku. Ha na-adịkarị ọnụ ahịa ma nwee ike belata ma ọ bụ ọbụna wepụ mmetọ na ihe ize ndụ ahụike metụtara ya.
A na-atụle Radon na picocuries kwa liter nke ikuku (pCi / L), ihe atụ nke radioactivity. Na United States, nkezi nke radon dị n'ime ụlọ bụ ihe dị ka 1.3 pCi / L. Nkezi nke elu bụ ihe dị na 0.4 pCi / l. US Surgeon General na EPA na-atụ aro idozi ụlọ nwere ọkwa radon na ma ọ bụ karịa 4 pCi / Л. EPA na-enyekwa ndị mmadụ aro ka ha chee echiche banyere idozi ụlọ ha maka ọkwa radon n'etiti 2 pCi /L na 4 pCi.
Ihe akpụrụ akpụ nakwa ihe ndị ọzọ
Chemicals ndị a nwere ike ibilite site na ọtụtụ ụzọ, mana enwere ụdị abụọ a na-ahụkarị: (a) mmiri na-akpata uto nke ebu na (b) ihe okike a na-ewepụta n'ime ikuku dị ka dander anụmanụ na pollen osisi. A na-ejikọta ebu mgbe niile na mmiri, a pụkwara igbochi uto ya site n'ịnọgide na-enwe mmiri n'okpuru 50%. Mmiri na-agbakọta n'ime ụlọ nwere ike ịpụta site na mmiri na-abanye n'ebe mebiri emebi nke envelopu ụlọ ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ ahụ, site na nsị mmiri, site na condensation n'ihi ikuku na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, ma ọ bụ site na mmiri nke ala na-abanye na akụkụ ụlọ. Ọbụna ihe dị mfe dị ka ịcha uwe n'ime ụlọ na radiators nwere ike ịbawanye ihe ize ndụ nke ikpughe (n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ) Aspergillus ʿ a dị oke egwu nke nwere ike igbu ndị na-arịa ụkwara ume ọkụ na ndị agadi. N'ebe ihe cellulosic (akwụkwọ na osisi, gụnyere drywall) na-adị mmiri ma ghara ịcha n'ime awa ịrị anọ na asatọ, mold mildew nwere ike ịgbasa ma wepụta spores na-adịghị anabata n'ime ikuku.
N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ọ bụrụ na ihe adịghị akpọnwụ ọtụtụ ụbọchị mgbe ihe omume mmiri a na-enyo enyo, a na-enyo ibu ibu n'ime oghere mgbidi ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na a naghị ahụ ya ozugbo. Site na nyocha nke ebu, nke nwere ike ịgụnye nyocha na-emebi emebi, mmadụ ga-enwe ike ikpebi ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị ebu. N'ọnọdụ ebe enwere ebu a na-ahụ anya yana ịdị mma ikuku ime ụlọ nwere ike mebie ya, ọ ga-adị mkpa ka a na-emezi ihe ọkpụkpụ. Onye nyocha nọọrọ onwe ya kwesịrị ime nnwale na nyocha ebu iji zere esemokwu ọ bụla nke mmasị yana iji hụ na nsonaazụ ziri ezi.
Enwere ụfọdụ ụdị ebu nke nwere ogige na-egbu egbu (mycotoxins). Otú ọ dị, ikpughe na ọkwa dị ize ndụ nke mycotoxin site na iku ume agaghị ekwe omume n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, n'ihi na a na-emepụta nsị nke anụ ahụ fungal na-adịghị na ọkwa dị ịrịba ama na spores a tọhapụrụ. Ihe ize ndụ bụ isi nke uto ebu, dịka ọ metụtara ịdị mma nke ime ụlọ, sitere na ihe nfụkasị ahụ nke mgbidi spore cell. Ihe dị njọ karịa ọtụtụ ihe nfụkasị ahụ bụ ikike ebu iji kpalite ọnọdụ ndị nwere ụkwara ume ọkụ, ọrịa iku ume siri ike.
Carbon monoxide
Otu n'ime ikuku ikuku na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu bụ carbon monoxide (CO), gas na-enweghị isi na enweghị isi bụ nke sitere na ọkụ ọkụ na-ezughị ezu. Ebe a na-enwetakarị carbon monoxide bụ anwụrụ ụtaba, igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji mmanụ ọkụ, ọkụ etiti kpo oku adịghị mma na iyuzucha ụgbọala. Site n'ịnapụ ụbụrụ ikuku oxygen, nnukwu carbon monoxide nwere ike iduga ọgbụgbọ, amaghị ihe ọ bụla na ọnwụ. Dị ka Nzukọ Ndị America nke Gọọmenti Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) si kwuo, njedebe oge (TWA) maka carbon monoxide (630-08-0) bụ 25 ppm.
Volatile organic compounds
A na-ewepụta Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) dị ka gas site na ihe ụfọdụ siri ike ma ọ bụ mmiri. VOCs gụnyere ọtụtụ kemịkal, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịnwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na nke na-adịte aka. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọtụtụ VOCs na-adịkarị elu n'ime ụlọ (ruo okpukpu iri) karịa n'èzí. VOCs na-apụta site na ọtụtụ ngwaahịa dị iche iche na-agụta na ọtụtụ puku. Ihe atụ gụnyere: ihe osise na lacquers, ihe osise, ihe nhicha, ọgwụ ahụhụ, ihe owuwu na arịa ụlọ, ngwá ọrụ ọfịs dị ka ndị na-edepụtaghachi na ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ, mmiri mgbazi na akwụkwọ na-enweghị carbon, ndị na-ese ihe na ihe ndị ọrụ aka gụnyere glues na adhesives, akara na-adịgide adịgide, na ngwọta foto.
Mmiri ọṅụṅụ agwọworo agwọ na-ewepụta chloroform mgbe ejiri mmiri ọkụ mee ihe n'ụlọ. A na-ewepụta Benzene site na mmanụ ụgbọala echekwara na garages ndị dị n'akụkụ. Mmanụ nri na-ekpobiga ọkụ ókè na-ewepụta acrolein na formaldehyde. Nnyocha meta nke ejiri VOCs ịrị asaa na asaa nke dị n'ụlọ na US chọpụtara na VOCs iri kachasị ize ndụ n'ime ụlọ bụ acrolein, formaldehyde, benzene, hexachlorobutadiene, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzyl chloride, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, acrylonitrile, na vinyl chloride. Ngwakọta ndị a karịrị ụkpụrụ ahụike n'ọtụtụ ụlọ.
A na-eji kemịkalụ organic eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe eji eme ihe n'ụlọ. Agba, varnishes, na wax niile nwere ihe mgbaze organic, dị ka ọtụtụ ihicha, ọgwụ nje, ihe ịchọ mma, imebi ihe, na ngwaahịa ntụrụndụ. Ihe mejupụtara mmanụ ụgbọala bụ kemịkalụ organic. Ngwaahịa ndị a niile nwere ike ịhapụ ogige organic n'oge eji, yana, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, mgbe echekwara ha. Nnwale ikuku sitere na ihe eji arụ ụlọ a na-eji n'ime ụlọ aghọwo ihe a na-ahụkarị maka mkpuchi ala, agba, na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa dị n'ime ụlọ na imecha..
Ihe ndị dị n'ime ụlọ dị ka bọọdụ gypsum ma ọ bụ kapet na-arụ ọrụ dị ka VOC 'na-agba mmiri', site na ijide ikuku VOC ruo ogologo oge, ma wepụta ha site na mpụga gas. Nke a nwere ike ịkpata ihe na-adịghị ala na nke dị ala na VOCs.
Ọtụtụ atụmatụ na-atụle iji belata mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ site na ibelata ikuku VOC sitere na ngwaahịa. E nwere iwu na France na Germany, yana ọtụtụ akara gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro nyocha nwere ụkpụrụ VOC dị ala dị ka EMICODE, M1, Blue Angel na Indoor Air Comfort na Europe, yana California Standard CDPH Section 01350 na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na US. Omume ndị a gbanwere ahịa ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ngwaahịa ndị na-adịghị emepụta ihe dị ala dị n'ime iri afọ gara aga.
A kọwala opekata mpe 18 Microbial VOCs (MVOCs). Ndị a gụnyere 1-octen-3-ol, 3-methylfuran, 2-pentanol, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 3-octanol, 2-octen-1-ol, 1-octene, 2-pentenone, 2-nonanone, borneol, geosmin, 1-butanol, 3- Methyl-1-butanol, na thujopsene. A na-akpọ nke mbụ n'ime ihe ndị a mmanya mushroom. Anọ ikpeazụ bụ ngwaahịa nke Stachybotrys chartarum, nke ejikọtara ya na ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa.
Legionella
Ọrịa Legionnaires na-akpata site na nje bacteria na-ebute mmiri Legionella nke na-eto nke ọma na mmiri na-adịghị aga ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ na-aga n'ihu, mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ. Ụzọ bụ isi nke ikpughe bụ site na ịmepụta mmetụta aerosol, nke kachasị site na ụlọ elu na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ isi ịsa ahụ. Isi iyi a na-ahụkarị nke Legionella n'ụlọ ahịa bụ site na ụlọ elu na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ na-elekọta ụlọ elu na'okpuru ikuku, nke na-ewepụta mmiri na aerosol nke nwere ike ịbanye na ikuku ikuku dị nso. Ntiwapụ na ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ndị agadi, ebe ndị ọrịa na-egbochi ahụike na ndị na-adịghị ike, bụ ihe a na-ekwukarị na Legionellosis. Ihe karịrị otu ikpe metụtara isi iyi dị n'èzí na ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ọha na eze. Ọnụnọ nke Legionella na mmiri ụlọ ahịa bụ nke a na-akọ akụkọ dị ala, ebe ndị nwere ahụike chọrọ ikpughe ihe siri ike iji nweta ọrịa.
Nnyocha Legionella na-agụnyekarị ịnakọta ihe nlele mmiri na swabs n'elu site na efere mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, isi ịsa ahụ, paucets / taps, na ebe ndị ọzọ ebe mmiri na-okpomọkụ na-anakọta. A na-azụzi ihe nlele ahụ ma na-emepụta mpaghara (cfu) nke Legionella dị ka cfu / Liter.
Legionella bụ nje nke protozoans dịka amoeba, ya mere ọ chọrọ ọnọdụ dabara adaba maka ihe abụọ ahụ. Nje bacteria na-emepụta biofilm nke na-eguzogide ọgwụgwọ kemịkal na antimicrobial, gụnyere chlorine. Ngwọta maka ntiwapụ Legionella na ụlọ ahịa dịgasị iche, mana ọ na-agụnyekarị mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ (160 °F; 70 °C), sterilisation nke mmiri kwụ ọtọ na efere na-ekpuchi mmiri, dochie isi ịsa ahụ, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ mmiri nke nnu dị arọ. Nzọụkwụ mgbochi gụnyere ịhazigharị ọkwa mmiri ọkụ dị mma iji nye ohere maka 120 °F (50 °C) na teepu, nyochaa nhazi nhazi ụlọ ọrụ, iwepu ikuku ikuku, na nyocha oge na mpaghara ndị a na-enyo enyo.