cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Abụ Ọma nke 100
Mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị
Abụ Ọma 100 bụ otu n'ime abụ ọma ndị a na-ejighị n'aka na liturgy Anglican ochie maka ọrụ nke otuto na Sọnde, na nsụgharị Akwụkwọ Ekpere nke Driver nyere (nke nwere Gloria agbakwunyere) bụ akụkụ nke usoro ekpere ụtụtụ n'Akwụkwọ Ekpere A na-akpọ Jubilate Deo, ma ọ bụ naanị Jubilate. [1] A gbakwunyere ya na BCP litany na 1552, dị ka dochie Benedictus iji ya mee ihe naanị n'ụbọchị mgbe o mere na nkuzi nke abụọ e nyere maka ụbọchị ahụ gụnyere akụkụ nke Oziọma Luk. [2] áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Abụ maka Loys Bourgeois's Old 100th na nsụgharị Kethe, site na mbipụta 1628. Nsụgharị William Kethe dị na mita ogologo, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke nchịkọta abụ ọma sụgharịrị n'ụdị metrical n'asụsụ Bekee, mbipụta 150-psalm nke Thomas Sternhold na John Hopkins's 1549 metrical psalter (Day's Psalter). [1]
N'ime abụ ọma niile dị na Sternhold na Hopkins psalter, nsụgharị Kethe bụ nke a ma ama na nke na-adịgide adịgide, ọ bụ ukwe a ma ama nke a na-etinyekarị na ụda "Old 100th". Hannibal Hamlin, prọfesọ nke Bekee, na-ekwu na ọ na-arịa ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị nke ntọala abụ, na amaokwu mbụ dabara na ụda karịa amaokwu ndị sochirinụ nakwa na ahịrịokwu ahụ nwere ọchịchọ maka ihe mgbagwoju anya. Hamlin na-ejere "ya ozi na egwu", na ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe-okwu-ihe na-enye iwu maka ihe dị mkpa na Bekee (nke ga-abụkarị na Bekee na-ejikarị egwu ozi"), na-esote usoro okwu a na-ahụkarị na "otuto ya na-agwa", dịka ihe atụ nke ikpeazụ. A na-egosipụta nke mbụ site na njedebe nke ahịrị nke abụọ nke egwu "Old 100th" dabara na "olu obi ụtọ" karịa ka ọ na-eme "courts aux" na "ever sure".
Onye ọkà mmụta Bible J. Clinton McCann Jr na-akọwa nsụgharị a nke abụ ọma ahụ dị ka "abụ ọkọlọtọ nke ọdịnala Reformed", ma na-ekwu na abụ ọma ahụ ga-enye ezigbo ntọala, karịa nke Akwụkwọ Jenesis, maka nkwupụta Westminster nke okwukwe banyere ebumnuche bụ isi nke ụmụ mmadụ ịbụ iji too Chineke.
Luther
Martin Luther sụgharịrị abụ ọma ahụ n'asụsụ German, gụnyere aha Hibru n'amaokwu mbụ (dị ka Geddes) na abụ ọma ahụ dị n'okpuru aha Der 100. Abụ Ọma:[43]
Watts/Wesley
Hymnals mgbe ụfọdụ na-ekwu na "Before the awful throne of Jehovah", nsụgharị ọzọ nke abụ ọma n'ụdị ukwe a na-ahụkarị na Metọdism, na Isaac Watts, mana nke a bụ naanị akụkụ nke eziokwu.
na nke abụọ a kpọrọ "a paraphrase", nke amaokwu abụọ mbụ ya (dị ka e bipụtara ya ọzọ) bụ: [1] [2]
Amaokwu nke abụọ nke nkọwa ahụ bụ rewrite, Watts' mbụ na 1706 Horae Lyricae na-agụ: [1]
Enweghị nsụgharị nke Watts nwere ahịrị banyere "ocheeze ọjọọ". Nke ahụ bụ mmezigharị nke John Wesley maka nchịkọta abụ ọma na ukwe ya nke 1737, onye tụfuru amaokwu mbụ nke akụkụ 2 nke Watts kpamkpam, ma degharịa amaokwu mbụ ya ugbu a (amaokwu nke abụọ nke amaokwu ahụ) iji tinye ahịrị a maara ya: [1] [2] [3]
A na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "awful" mee ihe ebe a n'oge ochie, narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, nke pụtara, na ụfọdụ mbipụta nke oge a nke Watts / Wesley na-asụ ya "awe-ful" iji mee ka nke a doo anya.
Ndị ọzọ
E nwere nsụgharị ndị ọzọ nke abụ ọma ahụ n'ụdị ukwe na ndị ọzọ, gụnyere "Before the Lord Jehovah's Throne" (nọmba 306 na Presbyterian The Worshipbook), [1] "Sing, All Creation" (nke a na-etinye na ụda nke Rouen's "Iste Confessor" na Morning Praise na Evensong), [2] metrical "O be joy in the Lord, Sing n'ihu ya, all" (n'o 482 na The Worship Book), [3] na Joseph Gelineau's "Cryal na Joy in his Lord Graduct".
Abụ Ọma ma ọ bụ Ekpere nke Catherine Parr nwere nsụgharị zuru oke n'asụsụ Bekee, site na nsụgharị Elizabethan Latin, nke na-agbakwunye okpukpu abụọ nke ọtụtụ ngwaa na ụfọdụ adjectives na aha. "Jubilate" na-aghọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ "Jụọ ọṅụ ma bụrụ abụ"; na "colite" na-abụ "ofufe na ije ozi".
Ihe odide nsụgharị
Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, amaokwu nke 3 nwere ihe atụ nke Qere na Ketiv na Masoretic Text. Nsụgharị KJV "ọ bụghị anyị onwe anyị" dabeere na ketiv, ma kwekọọ na nsụgharị Septuagint na Vulgate; New American Standard Bible na Darby Bible kwekọrịtakwara. Nsụgharị ndị ọzọ nke oge a dị ka nke New International Version na English Standard Version dabeere na qere, ma gụọ "nI don't know a anyị bụ nke ya".
Arụmụka akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akwado ịgbaso qere n'elu ketiv bụ na ketiv enweghị isi na ihe gbara ya gburugburu. Enweghị echiche ọ bụla nke Bible nke ụwa nke ndị mmadụ kwenyere na ha kere onwe ha. A na-akwado ya site na arụmụka na-ewu ewu na nhazi nke abụ ọma ahụ ka mma ịnakwere ọgụgụ qere, dịka n'ụzọ ahụ akụkụ ọ bụla nke ọkara nke abụọ nke amaokwu ahụ nwere nnọchiaha ma ọ bụ nsonaazụ na-ezo aka na aha Chineke na ọkara mbụ.
Ụdị metrical Old English nke Abụ Ọma 100, nke jikọtara ya na Paris Psalter, n'otu aka ahụ na-enye "anyị syndon ya" ("anyị bụ nke ya"). Ọmụmụ ihe banyere nke a dabere na narị afọ nke 19 nke Helen Bartlett. [1] Bartlett, dị ka ndị na-abụ abụ Old-English na Latin nke dị na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na itoolu (dịka. Thorpe 1835, p. ), nxa-eji nsụgharị Old English tụnyere Vulgate Latin (na-ejikwa nọmba Vulgate), ọ bụghị na Latin nke Jerome, ma na-ekwu na "anyị syndon ya" bụ ntụgharị Vulgate "na-abụghị ipsi nos" nke na-eleghara "Mba" anya ma na-aghọtahie dative, kama na Jerome "na ipsius sumus".
Ihe furu efu na nsụgharị Bekee bụ na ngwaa niile dị mkpa na Hibru dị n'ọtụtụ
N'asụsụ Latin
TA na-etinye Jubilate na Latin na egwu mgbe niile, gụnyere ọrụ Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina na 1575, Giovanni Gabrielli,[61] na Michel-Richard de Lalande dị ka S72/5. E dere ọnọdụ Fernando de las Infantas maka Jubilee nke afọ 1575. [1] Otu n'ime ihe odide ndị dị ndụ nke nnukwu motets nke Jean-Baptiste Lully bụ ọnọdụ nke Jubilate Deo, nọmba katalọgụ LWV 77/16; enwere obi abụọ banyere izi ezi ya, ma ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ Jean Loret kọrọ na ọ bụ otu akụkụ ahụ mere na 29 Ọgọst 1660 na ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke La Mercy na Paris iji mee ememe "le Mariage et la Paix" (alụmdi na nwunye nke Louis XIV na Marc Henti, Terre) [2].
N'asụsụ Bekee
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Abụ maka Loys Bourgeois's Old 100th na nsụgharị Kethe, site na mbipụta 1628. Nsụgharị metric nke William Kethe nke Abụ Ọma 100, "Ndị niile bi n'ụwa", ghọrọ ukwe a ma ama na abụ Loys Bourgeois si na Genevan Psalter, Old 100th [1] [2]
HJubilate ma ọ bụ Jubilate Deo na Bekee bụ akụkụ kwa ụbọchị nke liturgy Anglican, nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwu setịpụrụ na egwu. Henry Purcell gụnyere ya na Te Deum na Jubilate ya, na George Frideric Handel na Utrecht ya Te Deum and Jubilate; ndị na-ede egwu abụọ ahụ weere ụzọ otu mmegharị maka amaokwu ọ bụla, Handel kewara BCP amaokwu 1 laghachi azụ n'ime amaokwu Hibru abụọ mbụ ya, na otu mmegharị nke ọ bụla. [1] Charles Villiers Stanford bụ akụkụ nke ntọala ọhụrụ ya Morning, Evening na Communion Service na Blite, na Jubilation, na Jubilitelitelitelite, na mbụ e mere na 25 May 31, 1961 Ralph Vaughan Williams dere, [1] Walton, [2] Walton ji mee, [3] [4] C61] Styght, [4] naewt, [4] [4] C67]
N'asụsụ German
Heinrich Schütz setịpụrụ Abụ Ọma 100 n'egwú ọtụtụ ugboro, nke mbụ dị ka akụkụ nke Abụ Ọma Davids nke abụ ọma polychoral ya na German, nke e bipụtara na 1619, Jauchzet dem Herren, alle Welt, SVW 36, setịpụrụ maka ndị ukwe abụọ nwere mmetụta echo. O dere otu nkọwa nke abụ ọma ahụ, "Jauchzet dem Herren, alle Welt", SWV 189, maka Becker Psalter, nke e bipụtara na 1628. N'ikpeazụ, o dere ọnọdụ dị ka akụkụ nke Opus Ultimum ya, motet (SWV 493) bụ nke mbụ o dere nke motets 13 n'ọrụ ahụ maka idozi chọọchị Dresden mgbe emezigharịrị ya na 28 Septemba 1662. E kwenyere na ọ furu efu ruo mgbe Wolfram Steude wughachiri ya na 1981. [1] Georg Philipp Telemann ma ọ bụ Johann Sebastian Bach, na Johann Gottlob Harrer dere motet pasticcio Jauchzet dem Herrn alle Welt: Ihe odide nke mmegharị mbụ nke Oratorio Krismas nke Bach, Jauchzet, frohlocket!, bụ nkọwa nke abụ ọma ahụ.
Felix Mendelssohn setịpụrụ abụ ọma ahụ n'egwú maka olu asatọ dị ka Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt, nke e dere na 1844 ma bipụta ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1855. [1] Max Reger kpọrọ ọnọdụ ya nke 1906 nke nsụgharị Luther, symphony choral, Der 100. Abụ Ọma.
N'asụsụ Hibru
Leonard Bernstein setịpụrụ ederede Hibru nke Abụ Ọma 100 na egwu na Chichester Psalms ya, abụ ọma ahụ dum mejupụtara ka ukwuu n'ime usoro mbụ. [1] Malcolm Arnold na Charles Ives dere ntọala ndị ọzọ.
Ihe odide
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Judy Bell-Gam
Judy Bell-Gam (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1956) bụ onye Naijirịa bụbu onye na-eme egwuregwu track and field. O meriri 100 mita hurdles maka Naijirịa na African Championships mbụ na Dakar na 1979 ma bụrụkwa onye mmeri mbụ nke Naijirịa na ihe omume ahụ na 1978 All-Africa Games.
Ndụ
A mụrụ Bell-Gam na ejima ya, Bella, na Opobo Town, Rivers State na 1956. Ha abụọ ga-aghọ ndị na-eme egwuregwu. Ha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị gọọmentị dị na Afikpo, ụlọ akwụkwọ Metọdist, Uwani na steeti Enugu na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Union, Ikot Ekpene. Ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ nọ na Enugu mgbe Agha Obodo Naijirịa malitere na 1967 wee kwaga n'ebe ndịda Nnewi. Na ngwụcha agha ahụ, Bell-Gam laghachiri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na Ikot Ekpene. Otu n'ime nsọpụrụ mba ụwa mbụ ya bụ ọlaọcha na 100m hurdles na 1977 West African Games, na-emecha nke abụọ n'ụlọ n'azụ onye obodo ya Modupe Oshikoya.
Judy Bell-Gam meriri nrite ọla edo na 100m hurdles na African Games na 1978 na Algiers na oge nke 13.67 s, n'ihu Ugandan Ruth Kyalisima na ejima ya Bella Bell-Gum. Na African Athletics Championships na Dakar na 1979, ọ gbara ọsọ 14.13 s n'otu ọzụzụ ahụ n'ihu nwanne ya nwanyị na onye Moroccan Fatima El Faquir wee nata ihe nrite ọla edo. N'ikpeazụ, na 1979 IAAF World Cup na Montreal ọ gbara ọsọ 100 n hurdles na 13.93 ma bụrụ onye nke asaa. Ọ bụkwa onye mmeri nke ihe mgbochi na All-Africa University Games n'afọ ahụ.
Ihe Nketa
N'afọ 2018 Oluwatobiloba Amusan meriri n'asọmpi African Championship nke mbụ ya na ihe mgbochi na Asaba African Championships. Nke a gbatịkwuru omenala Naijirịa na ihe omume ahụ, nke Bell-Gam malitere, ya na ndị mmeri Naijirịa ndị ọzọ gụnyere Maria Usifo, Ime Akpan, Glory Alozie, Olutoyin Augustus, Seun Adigun, bụ ndị meriri asọmpi a maka Naijirịa n'asọmpi Afrịka mbụ.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kedjenou
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Kedjenou_-_01.jpg/200px-Kedjenou_-_01.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Ụdị Kedjenou, nke e ji escargot, okra na puff mee Kedjenou (nke a makwaara dị ka Kedjenou poulet na Kedjenou de Poulet) bụ nri na-esi ísì ụtọ nke ukwu!! a na-esi nwayọ sie na canari (pot terra-cotta) n'elu ọkụ ma ọ bụ coal ma jiri ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ guinea hen na akwụkwọ nri kwadebe ya. Ọ bụ nri ọdịnala na nke a ma ama nke nri ndi mba Côte d'Ivoire.
Ụzọ e si akwadebe nri ahụ dịgasị iche. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji obere ma ọ bụ enweghị mmiri agbakwunyere na nkwadebe ya, na-enye ohere ka anụ ahụ sie na juices nke ya, nke na-eme ka anụ ahụ dị nro ma na-etinye ụtọ nke ihe ndị mejupụtara ya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-esi nri ahụ n'ime akwụkwọ unere a na-ekpuchi ekpuchi ma mechie ya nke a na-etinye n'okpuru coal ọkụ. Na Côte d'Ivoire, a na-ejikarị Attiéké, nri dị n'akụkụ nke e ji cassava e siri esi mee.
Ndepụta nke Sphenisciformes site na ọnụ ọgụgụ
Nke bụ ndepụta nke ụdị Sphenisciformes site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụwa. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ atụmatụ, ndị ọkachamara na ngalaba ha emeela ha.
Sphenisciformes (site na Latin maka "ụdị ụdọ") bụ usoro taxonomic nke penguins nọ na ya. Ndụ Bird mba ụwa enyochawo ụdị iri na asatọ. 16 (89% nke ngụkọta ụdị) emeela atụmatụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ha: ndị na efu efu bụ eze na obere penguins, nke a nyochara abụọ ahụ dị ka ndị na adịchaghị echegbu onwe ha.
A na eji ụzọ dịgasị iche iche maka ịgụta penguins, na Eprel 2012 hụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ ha site na mbara igwe, mgbe ejiri ihe oyiyi sitere na Ikonos, QuickBird-2, na WorldView-2 satellites gụọ ndị eze Antarctican. Nke a bụ usoro yiri nke UNHCR ji gụọ ụmụ mmadụ na Somalia. Ọtụtụ nnyocha ndị na eme n'oké osimiri na eji eriri na-adịghị mma iji tụọ njupụta; a na agbakwunye nke a n'ebe anụmanụ ahụ dị. A na agụ Galapagos kwa afọ kemgbe 1961 site na Galápagos Ọrụ Ntụrụndụ Mba. Site n'ala na oké osimiri, ha na eme ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru oke na mpaghara iri na ọnụ ọgụgụ nkebi na anọ. Nnyocha nke nnụnụ 721 nke afọ 2012 gosipụtara na ọkwa anọgidewo na adị otu n'ime afọ ndị na adịbeghị anya, ọ dịghịkwa mkpa ịgbanwe atụmatụ zuru ezu ugbu a. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara otu esi achọpụta atụmatụ ndị a, lee isiokwu Wikipedia banyere ihe ndị dị ndụ na ihe ndị dị gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ụdị ndị a na enweghị ike itinye na ndepụta nke ọdịdị a gụnyere Waitaha penguin, nke ikpeazụ a kwenyere na ọ nwụrụ n'etiti 1300 na 1500 AD (n'oge na adịghị anya mgbe Polynesian rutere New Zealand), na Chatham penguin, bụ nke a maara naanị site na subfossils mana enwere ike idebe ya n'agbata oge ụfọdụ n'etiti 1867 na 1872. Adélies na emperors na-akpa akwụ́ na Antarctica ma na eri nri na ice gbajiri agbaji; mmetụta okpomọkụ ụwa na nke ikpeazụ nwere ike imetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ha, na chinstraps na gentoo, nke abụọ na eri na mmiri mepere emepe, anọwo na abanye n'ime Adélie na ndị eze ukwu na ebute ice. Gentoo ahụla mmụba nke 7500% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ kemgbe 1974, na chinstraps 2700%.
Ihe odide
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Strijdom van der Merwe
Strijdom van der Merwe (amụrụ n'afọ 1961) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke na-eji ihe ọ chọtara na saịtị ahụ mepụta ọrụ nka ya. Ihe ndị o ji rụọ gụnyere ájá, mmiri, osisi, nkume na nkume. Site n'ịkpụzi ihe ndị a n'ụdị geometric, ọ na-ejikọta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nka na gburugburu ebe obibi, uto na mbibi. Ọrụ Van Der Merwe na-enwekarị 'nwere onwe' n'echiche na ọ nwere ike imeghachi omume na okike, mana n'ime ihe gbasara 'okike nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ebe ị nọ, karịa gị na okike'. Saịtị ahụ, na ihe ndị ọ na-enye, ga-ekpughere onwe ha nye gị dị ka onye na-ese ihe ka ị na-aga n'ime ọhịa, ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ osimiri, ma ọ bu na Karoo. Ọ bụ naanị mgbe ahụ ka echiche na usoro ọrụ ga-amalite. Ọ bụ usoro nke iji ihe okike ị na-ahụ na saịtị rụọ ọrụ. Ọ dịghị ihe a na-eme atụmatụ n'ihu ya niile na-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ị na-aga.
Van Der Merwe gụrụ nka na Mahadum Stellenbosch, na South Africa, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara obibi akwụkwọ na Utrecht na ihe ọkpụkpụ na Prague. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe oge niile na Kent Institute of Art and Design na Canterbury, England. A na-egosikarị ọrụ Van Der Merwe na gallery na South Africa. O meela ọrụ n'ụwa niile, nke gụnyere Turkey, France, Belgium, Sweden, Japan, Italy na Australia.
E mere ihe ngosi na ọrụ na ịkpọ oku na South Korea, Turkey, Belgium, France, Sweden, Lithuania, Japan, Australia, Germany, England na Italy. O mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke onwe ya na ụlọ ngosi nka dị iche iche n'afọ ndị gara aga ma ọtụtụ ndị na-anakọta ihe na ọha na eze zụtara ọrụ ya. O nyela ihe ọkpụkpụ maka ndị a: Europo Parkos na Lithuania; Art Park na Art Sella, Borgu Falsugano na Ịtali; Floating Land, Brisbane, Australia. N'afọ 2002 ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka Spier Outdoor Sculpture Biennale mbụ ya na Jan Marais Nature Reserve na Stellenbosch.
E mepụtara ihe ncheta ya nke afọ 2001 Reconciliation na United Nations Memorial Cemetery na Busan, South Korea dị ka akụkụ nke International Sculpture Symposium.
Van Der Merwe bụ onye guzobere South African Land Art Biennale nke mbụ, nke akpọrọ Site_Specific, na-enye ndị na-ese ihe ikpo okwu na ohere itinye aka na nka na ala. Biennale mbụ bụ na Plettenberg Bay na 2011, na biennale nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọst 2013.
Ihe nkiri ọhụrụ gbasara Van Der Merwe nke akpọrọ 'Sculpting This Earth' nke Victor van Aswegen duziri bụ nke a na-emepụta ugbu a, na-eme atụmatụ imecha na Disemba 2021.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Waring Cuney
William Waring Cuney (Ọnwa Mee 6, afọ 1906 - rụo ọnwa Juun 30, afọ 1976) bụ onye na-ede uri nke Harlem Renaissance. A maara ya nke ọma maka uri ya "No Images," nke a na-edepụta n'ọtụtụ ebe.
Akụkọ ndụ
thumb|Abụ "Charles Parker" n'elu mgbidi dị na Leiden William Waring Cuney bụ otu n'ime ejima abụọ amụrụ n'ọnwa Mee 6, afọ 1906, na Washington D.C. Nna ya, Norris Wright Cuney nke Abụọ, rụrụ ọrụ maka gọọmentị etiti. Nne ya, Madge Louise Baker, kụziri na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze DC. Cuney gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze DC, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Armstrong High School. Ọ gara Mahadum Howard ruo oge ụfọdụ tupu ọ nweta B.A. ya na Mahadum Lincoln na Pennsylvania. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na New England Conservatory of Music na Boston na Conservatory nke Music na Rome.
N'afọ 1926, mgbe Cuney ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Lincoln, uri ya "No Images" nwetara ihe nrite mbụ na asọmpi nke magazin Opportunity kwadoro. Abụ ahụ na-egosi n'ụzọ na-emetụ n'ahụ nwanyị ojii na-etinye ụkpụrụ ịma mma nke Europe. A kọwakwara ya n'ọtụtụ ebe ma were ya dị ka obere ihe ochie nke New Negro Movement.
Mgbe ọ zụchara maka ọrụ na egwu dị ka onye na-agụ egwú ya na nwanne ya nwoke bụ onye na-akpọ piano, Cuney kpebiri na ọ nwere olu abụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ dịghị mgbe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọkachamara. Otú ọ dị, ihe odide ya nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịhụnanya ya maka egwu. Abụ ya na-ada ụda nke ukwuu, a na-edekarị ya n'ụdị ballad ma ọ bụ n'ụdị mbụ nke na-echetara abụ blues. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ihe osise nke ndị Afrịka Amerịka nọ n'ime obodo. Josh White, Al Haig, na Nina Simone etinyela ọtụtụ n'ime uri ya na egwu ma dekọọ ya. E bipụtara uri ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị dị ka The Crisis na Black World, na n'akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Countee Cullen, James Weldon Johnson, Sterling Brown, na Arna Bontemps dezigharịrị.
Ọ bụ ezie na e chefuru ọrụ ya na United States site n'afọ ndị 1950s, a sụgharịrị ya n'asụsụ German na Dutch ma mepụta ndị na-eso ya na Europe. O bipụtara naanị mpịakọta abụọ nke uri n'oge ndụ ya: Puzzles, mbipụta dị mkpirikpi nke e bipụtara na Netherlands n'afọ 1960, na Storefront Church, nke e biụtara na London n'afọ 1973. Ọ nwụrụ na New York City n'ọnwa Juun 30, afọ 1976.
William H. Davis (educator)
William H. Davis (Ọnwa Nọvemba 27, afọ 1848 - ọnwa Maachị 24, afọ 1938) bụ onye nkuzi Amerịka na onye nchịkwa ụlọ akwụkwọ na steeti US nke West Virginia. Davis bụ onye nkuzi mbụ nke Booker T. Washington, ọ bụkwa onye mbụ na naanị onye Afrịka-Amerịka na-azọ ọkwa gọvanọ West Virginia, na-agba ọsọ maka ọfịs ahụ n'afọ 1888.
A mụrụ Davis na Columbus, Ohio, n'afọ 1848. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na Columbus na Chillicothe. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ debanyere aha na 7th Independent Company nke Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, nke a maara dị ka Union Light Guard, na Union Army. Ndị otu Davis bụ ndị agha ịnyịnya nke na-eche Onye isi ala Abraham Lincoln nche ma nọrọ na Washington, D.C. n'oge Agha Obodo America. A chụpụrụ ya n'ụzọ nkwanye ùgwù n'afọ 1865 mgbe a wasịrị ya n'ihi ọrịa nke akụkụ mastoid nke ọkpụkpụ ya. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri n'etiti Gallipolis, Charleston, na Brownstown.
N'ọnwa Septemba nke afọ 1865, ọ malitere ịbanye na Reverend Lewis Rice na mpaghara Tinkersville nke Malden. Rice were Davis n'ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Tinkersville nke onwe ya, na klas a na-eme n'ụlọ Rice na mbụ. Davis bụ onye nkuzi mbụ nke Booker T. Washington na ụlọ akwụkwọ Tinkersville. N'afọ 1871, e were Davis n'ọrụ ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Afrịka-Amerịka nke Charleston. Davis jere ozi dị ka onye isi maka ngụkọta afọ 24 ma gaa n'ihu na-akụzi. Ọ lara ezumike nká na nkuzi n'afọ 1913, ebe ọ kụziri ihe afọ 47.
N'afọ 1888, ndị Colored Independent Party họpụtara Davis dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa gọvanọ na ntuli aka nke afọ 1888. Òtù ahụ haziri na-emegide ndị Republican Party n'ihi na ọ jụrụ ịnakwere ndị Afrị̀ka-Amerịka na-atụ vootu na West Virginia ma kwado ka a kwụsị ịkpa ókè ụlọ akwụkwọ. Davis ghọrọ onye Afrịka-Amerịka mbụ a họpụtara dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa gọvanọ West Virginia, ma bụ naanị onye Afrịka-Amerịka na-azọrọ ọkwa gọvanụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke steeti ahụ. Mgbe a na-asọpụrụ Booker T. Washington na emume ncheta nke Mahadum Tuskegee n'afọ 1937, a kpọrọ Davis ma gaa dị ka onye ọbịa nsọpụrụ.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ William H. Davis na Columbus, Ohio, n'ọnwa Nọvemba 27, afọ 1848. Nna Davis bụ onye na-akwado Underground Railroad, na-enye ebe mgbaba na nri maka ndị ohu na-agbapụ na Southern United States. A zụlitere Davis na Columbus ma gụọ akwụkwọ na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, mgbe ọ kwagara Chillicothe site n'afọ 1861 ruo afọ 1863 iji mụọ agụmakwụkwọ Bekee n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na ala. Ọ laghachiri Columbus n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1863.
Kenkey
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Fante_kenkey.jpg/220px-Fante_kenkey.jpg|thumb|Nwanyị na-akwadebe Fante kenkey (mkpụrụ ọka e siri esi) Kenkey (nke a makwaara dị ka kɔmi, optim, kooboo ma ọ bụ dorkunu) bụ nri a na-eri nke yiri achịcha sourdough sitere na mpaghara Ga na Fante bi na West Africa, nke a na-ejikarị ose <b id="mwGA">Crudaiola</b> na azụ e siri esi ma ọ bụ ofe, stew.
Nkọwa ya
A na-emepụta Kenkey site n'itinye mkpụrụ ọka n'ime mmiri ruo ihe dị ka otu izu, tupu a kpụọ ha ma tinye ha mmiri n'ime ntụ ọka. A na-ekwe ka ntụ ọka ahụ gbaa ụka ruo ụbọchị anọ ruo otu izu, tupu esi nri.
Mgbanwe dị iche iche ya
Mpaghara ebe a na-eri kenkey bụ Ghana, ọwụwa anyanwụ Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, ọdịda anyanwụ Benin, Guyana, na Jamaica. A na-ejikarị ọka (ọka), dị ka sadza na ugali eme ya. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka kɔmi (nke a na-akpọ kormi) site na Gas ma ọ bụ dokono site na ndị Akan na Ghana. A makwaara ya na Jamaica dị ka dokunoo, dokono, dokunu, drawers na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na tie-a-leaf. Na Mexico, e nwere nsụgharị a na-akpọ "Tamale". A pụkwara ịchọta Kenkey n'ógbè dị n'ebe ugwu Ghana nke a na-akpọ isi obodo ya Tamale. Na Guyana, a na-akpọ ya konkee. Na Trinidad a na-akpọ ya "paime" (nke a na-ekwupụta pay-me) ma dị iche n'ihi na o nweghị plantain mana ọ nwere ike ịgụnye pumpkin na akị bekee. Na nri nke Caribbean, a na-eji ọka, plantain, unere na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, poteto na-atọ ụtọ (Asante na Jamaican version, nke sitere na Asante version) ma ọ bụ cassava, nke a na-ekpuchi na akwụkwọ unere. Nri a sitere na omenala nri ndị Afrịka. link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fante_kenkey_2.jpg/220px-Fante_kenkey_2.jpg|thumb|Fante kenkey N'adịghị ka ugali, ime kenkey na-agụnye ịhapụ ọka ka ọ gbaa ụka tupu esi nri. Ya mere, ịkwadebe na-ewe ụbọchị ole na ole iji mee ka ntụ ọka ahụ gbaa ụka. A na-agwakọta nri ọka na ọka ma tinye mmiri ruo mgbe a ga-enweta ntụ ọka dị nro ma na-agbanwe agbanwe. A na-ekpuchi ya ma hapụ ya n'ebe na-ekpo ọkụ ka ọ gbasaa. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị, a na-esi kenkey, na-ekpuchi ya na akwụkwọ unere, mkpo ọka, ma ọ bụ foil, ma na-esi ya. E nwere ọtụtụ nsụgharị nke kenkey, dị ka Ga na Fante kenkey. Ga kenkey bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Ghana.
Hydrofluorocarbon
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|172x172px|Fluoromethane, hydrofluorocarbon. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) bụ ihe ndị mmadụ mere nke nwere fluorine na hydrogen atọm, ma bụrụkwa ụdị ihe ndị organofluorine kacha ewu ewu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ gas na okpomọkụ na nrụgide ụlọ. A na ejikarị ha eme ihe na ikuku oyi na dị ka refrigerants; R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) bụ otu n'ime refrigerants HFC a na ejikọkarị. Iji nyere aka weghachite stratospheric ozone layer, a nabatara HFCs iji dochie chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) dị ike karị, nke Montreal Protocol wepụrụ, na hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs) nke a na ewepụ ugbu a. HFCs nọchiri chlorofluorocarbons ochie dị ka R-12 na hydrochlorofluorocarbon dị ka R-21. A na-ejikwa HFCs mee ihe na insulating foams, aerosol propellants, dị ka ihe mgbaze na maka nchebe ọkụ.
Ha nwere ike ọ gaghị emerụ ozone dị ka ihe ndị ha na-anọchi, mana ha ka na enye aka na okpomọkụ ụwa --- na ụfọdụ dị ka trifluoromethane nwere okpukpu 11,700 nke ikike okpomọkụ nke carbon dioxide. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ikuku ha na onyinye ha na ikuku ikuku na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa [quantify], na-akpata nchegbu mba ụwa banyere nrụgide radiative ha.
Nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi
Na Septemba 2016, New York Declaration on Forests gbara ume ka e belata ụwa niile n'iji HFCs. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2016, n'ihi enyemaka kemịkal ndị a nyere na mgbanwe ihu igwe, ndị na ekwuchitere mba 197 na ezukọ na nzukọ nke Mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke United Nations na Kigali, Rwanda ruru nkwekọrịta iwu kwadoro (Mgbasawanye Kigali) iji belata hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) na mmezigharị na Montreal Protocol. Ka ọ na erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, steeti iri na isii nke US machibidoro ma ọ bụ na ebelata HFCs.
Iwu enyemaka COVID-19, nke gụnyere ihe ga-achọ ka ndị na emepụta kemịkal belata mmepụta na ojiji nke HFCs, bụ nke United States House of Representatives na United States Senate kwadoro na Disemba 21, 2020. Ụlọ Ọrụ Na ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke US bịanyere aka na iwu ikpeazụ na agbadata HFCs na 23 Septemba, 2021.
Ihe odide
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Jollof rice
thumb|Jollof rice Jollof (/dʒəˈlɒf/), ma ọ bụ osikapa jollof, bụ nri osikapa sitere na West Afrịka. A na-ejikarị osikapa ogologo, tomato, yabasị, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, akwụkwọ nri na anụ eme nri ahụ n'otu ite, ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya na usoro nkwadebe ya dịgasị iche na mpaghara dị iche iche.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmalite
Enwere ike ịchọta mmalite nke osikapa jollof na mpaghara Senegambia n nke Wolof ma ọ bụ Alaeze Ukwu Jolof chịrị na narị afọ nke iri na anọ, na-agafe akụkụ nke Senegal nke taa, Gambia na Mauritania, ebe a na-akụ osikapa. Nri a sitere na nri ọdịnala a na-akpọ thieboudienne, nke nwere osikapa, azụ, shellfish na akwụkwọ nri.
Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-atụ aro ka nri ahụ gbasaa na alaeze Mali, ọkachasị ndị ahịa Djula bụ ndị gbasasịrị n'ọtụtụ ebe na mpaghara azụmahịa na obodo ukwu, na-eburu ha nka akụ na ụba nke "ịkpụ ihe ojii, obere ahịa, na ọrụ ugbo osikapa" yana okpukpe nke Islam.
Marc Dufumier, prọfesọ emeritus nke agronomy, na-atụ aro mmalite ọhụrụ maka nri ahụ, nke nwere ike ịpụta dị ka nsonaazụ nke nkwalite nke ịkọ ahụekere siri ike na etiti Senegal maka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ French, na ebe a kwụrụ mbelata dị mma n'ebe a kụrụ ọka na sorghum staples site na mbubata nke osikapa a kụwara akụwa site na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.
O nwere ike ịgbasa n'ógbè ahụ dum site na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke azụmahịa, ọdịbendị na okpukpe na-ejikọta mba Senegal na mba Ghana, Naijiria na karịa, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-aga n'ihu taa, dị ka Tijāniyyah Sufi brotherhood na-eweta ọtụtụ puku ndị njem ala nsọ West Afrịka na mba Senegal kwa afọ.
Ebe dị iche iche na ụdị dị iche iche
Osikapa Jollof bụ otu n'ime nri ndị a na-ahụkarị na West Afrịka. E nwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche mpaghara na aha na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya; dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Mali a na-akpọ ya zaamè na Bamanankan. Aha a na-akpọkarị Jollof sitere na aha ndị Wolof, ọ bụ ezie na na mba Senegal na mba Gambia a na-ezo aka na nri ahụ na Wolof dị ka ceebu jën ma ọ bụ benachin. N'ógbè ndị na-asụ French, a na-akpọ ya riz au gras. N'agbanyeghị ọdịiche dị iche iche, nri ahụ bụ "ihe a na-aghọta ọnụ" n'ofe mpaghara ma ghọọ nri Afrịka a ma ama na mpụga kọntinent ahụ.
Ihe ndị e ji mee ya
Osikapa Jollof na-ejikarị osikapa, mmanụ nri, akwụkwọ nri dịka tomato, yabasị, ose uhie, galik, ginger na ose Scotch bonnet chilli. Iji mee ka ụcha nri ahụ dịkwuo mma, a na-agbakwunye tomato paste (purée). Dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, a na-eji ihe na-atọ ụtọ, nnu, cubes (mgwakọta nke ihe na-eme ka ụtọ dị ụtọ, nnu. Iji gbakwunye nri ahụ, a na-ejikarị ọkụkọ, turkey, anụ ehi ma ọ bụ azụ na nri ahụ.
Mgbanwe mpaghara na asọmpi
Mba ọ bụla dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ụdị nri, na mba Ghana, mba Naijiria, mba Sierra Leone, mbaLiberia na mba Cameroon na-asọ mpi karịsịa maka mba na-eme jollof kacha mma. Nke a bụ ihe a ma ama karịsịa n'etiti Naịjirịa na Ghana, na asọmpi a na-akpọ "Jollof Wars".
Jollof Naijiria
Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere nnukwu ọdịiche, njirimara bụ isi maka osikapa jollof nke Naijiria gụnyere osikapa a na-esi nri, tomato na tomato paste, ose, mmanụ akwụkwọ nri, yabasị, na cubes. A na-esi ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a n'otu ite, nke anụ bara ọgaranya na tomato e siri esi na ose puree na-eme ka ntọala ya. A na-agbakwunye osikapa ma hapụ ya ka ọ sie na mmiri. A na-ejikwa protein a họọrọ na nri ahụ ma na-ejikarị plantain e siri esi, moi moi, akwụkwọ nri a na-esi ísì ụtọ, coleslaw, salad, wdg. N'ógbè ndị dị n'akụkụ osimiri nke Naijiria ebe nri mmiri bụ isi na-eweta protein, nri mmiri na-ejikarị ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ anụ dị ka protein nke nhọrọ. [citation needed]
Jollof nke Ghana
A na-eji mmanụ akwụkwọ nri, yabasị, ginger, cloves nke galik, chillies, tomato paste, anụ ehi ma ọ bụ ewu ma ọ bụ ọkụkọ (mgbe ụfọdụ na-agbanwere na akwụkwọ nri agwakọta), osikapa mpaghara ma ọ bụ nke a nụchara anụcha, nke a na-ahụkarị Jasmine osikapa na ose ojii. Usoro isi jollof na-amalite site na mbụ ịkwadebe anụ ehi ma ọ bụ ọkụkọ site na itinye ya n'ime ihe na-atọ ụtọ ma jiri pureé nke ginger, yabasị na galik na-esi ya ọkụ ma sie ya ruo mgbe esichara ya nke ọma. A na-esizi ihe ndị ọzọ n'ọkụ ọnụ, malite na yabasị, ose, tomato paste, tomato na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ n'usoro ahụ. Mgbe e siri ihe niile, a na-agbakwunye osikapa ma sie ya ruo mgbe a kwadebere nri ahụ. A na-ejikarị anụ ehi, ọkụkọ, azụ e siri esi nke ọma, ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nri agwakọta na nri ndị Ghana jollof.
A na-ejikwa Jollof na Ghana na shito, ụdị ose a ma ama nke sitere na Ghana, na salad n'oge oriri na ememe ndị ọzọ.
Ịbụ onye a ma ama n'ụwa niile
Kemgbe afọ 2010s enwere mmasị na-arịwanye elu na nri West Africa na ụwa ọdịda anyanwụ. E meela emume nri Jollof na Washington, DC, na US, na Toronto, Canada. A na-eme emume "Ụbọchị Jollof Ụwa" kemgbe afọ 2015 na 22 na ọnwa Ọgọstụ, na-enweta mmasị na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta.
Ebensidee
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Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Emily Odoemenam
Emily Odoemenam (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1975) bụ onye Naijirịa bụbu onye na-agba ọsọ. O sonyere na asọmpi obodo na nke mba ụwa na egwuregwu na-anọchite anya Naijirịa. O ritere ọlaọcha na ọla nchara na 1990 African Championships in Athletics na ọlaọcha ọzọ na 1993 African Championships na Athletics n'ihe omume mita 200 na 400. Emily sonyekwara na 1993 World Championships in Athletics nke ụmụ nwanyị 4 × 400 mita relay n'akụkụ Omolade Akinremi, Omotayo Akinremi na Olabisi Afolabi.
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Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Saudi
Saudi Environmental Society (SENS; Arabic: جمعية البيئة السعودية) bụ obodo Saudi tọrọ ntọala dị ka otu mba na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na 2006 dị ka mkpebi nke Ministry of Social Affairs No. (34770), na edebanye aha na ọrụ ebere. ndekọ n'okpuru nọmba (335) na ụbọchị nke 14/5/1427 AH. Onye isi ala Saudi Environment Society bụ Onye isi ala Turki bin Nasser.
N'okpuru mkpebi a - mkpebi ntọala - e nyela ọtụtụ ọrụ na ọha mmadụ, ọkachasị mmepe nke gburugburu ebe obibi Saudi na imeziwanye ọnọdụ ndị bi na mpaghara na mpaghara ndị nwere nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ịrụ ọrụ n'ịmepụta mmemme mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Na mgbakwunye na ịrụ ọrụ n'ịzụlite ọrụ afọ ofufo site n'ịmepụta nnukwu ndị ọrụ afọ ofufu na inye aka n'ịkwalite ọrụ nke ngalaba onwe iji jeere nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ozi na mpaghara nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa nke ihe okike na anụ ọhịa.
Fried Fish, Chicken Soup and a Premiere Show
Fried Fish, Chicken Soup and a Premiere Show bụ ihe nkiri akụkọ na afọ 2011, asụsụ abụọ (Bekee na Manipuri) nke Mamta Murthy duziri ma Madhusree Dutta mepụtara. Ọ bụ Majlis na-ewepụta ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri National Film Award maka Best Arts / Cultural Film na 59th National Film Awards. O sonyere n'ọtụtụ mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa dị ka South Asian International Film Festival, New York; CPH: DOX Copenhagen na Asiatica Film Mediale, Rome.
Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nhọrọ na Bandra Film Festival na afọ 2021.
Nkọwa Nkọwa ya
E debere ya na Manipur, mpaghara esemokwu dị n'ókè India na Burma dịpụrụ adịpụ, ihe nkiri ahụ na-agafe otu narị afọ iji see ihe nkiri na ụmụ amaala ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-elekwasị anya na ịgba, mmepụta na ntọhapụ nke ihe nkiri Manipuri nke narị afọ nke 21 nke afọ 2010 bụ Kunti.
Ndị a nabatara
Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri National Film Award maka Best Arts / Cultural Film na 59th National Film Awards. Nkwupụta maka National Award na-agụ, "N'ihi ịkpọrọ anyị na njem nke na-akọwa ọgụ iji mepụta ihe nkiri na esemokwu Manipur dọwara adọka na n'ime usoro na-ese ihe osise doro anya, nke na-ejide ihe nkiri na steeti ahụ dị ka usoro nke ọdịbendị a ma ama".
O nwetakwara ihe nrite International Jury Award na Mumbai International Film Festival na afọ 2012. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe nrite Best Documentary Award na 6th SIGNS Festival, Kerala na afọ 2012.
Ifeoma Mbanugo
Ifeoma Mbanugo (amụrụ na 3 Machị 1952) bụ onye Naijirịa na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge. O sonyere na marathon ụmụ nwanyị na 1984 Summer Olympics.
Maria Usifo
Maria Usifo (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1964) bụ onye Naijirịa na-eme egwuregwu na onye bụbu onye egwuregwu Olimpik nke nọchitere anya Naijirịa n'egwuregwu Los Angeles (1984) na Seoul (1988) Olympic Games. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na 100 na 400 mita ihe mgbochi. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na-eme egwuregwu n'akụkọ egwuregwu nke Naijirịa bụ ndị na-achịkwa ihe omume egwuregwu ma na mba na mba ụwa.
Ọrụ n'egwuregwu
Usifo malitere ọrụ ya na egwuregwu na Naijirịa n'afọ ndị 1970 mgbe usoro egwuregwu ụlọ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụbu onye na-agba ọsọ na onye na-eme egwuregwu nke egwuregwu ya meghere ohere maka ya ịhọrọ na mahadum 10 mba ọzọ mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ịrịba ama na Commonwealth Games ṅa Brisbane, Australia na 1982. O sonyere n'egwuregwu Olympic na Los Angeles na 1984 na Seoul na 1988. Usifo bụ onye nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo nke egwuregwu niile n'Africa na onye nwetara ihe nkiri ọla edo nke African Championships.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ebe nchịkwa ikuku na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri apụta
Mpaghara nchịkwa ikuku (ECAs), ma ọ bụ mpaghara nchịkwa ikuku sulfur (SECAs), bụ mpaghara oké osimiri ebe e guzobere njikwa siri ike iji belata ikuku ikuku sitere na ụgbọ mmiri dịka akọwapụtara saịtị na Ndepụta VI nke 1997 MARPOL Protocol.
Mgbasa ahụ gụnyere SOx, NOx, ODSs na VOCs na iwu ndị ahụ malitere na Mee 2005. Ndepụta VI nwere ndokwa maka usoro abụọ nke ikuku na mmanụ ụgbọala dị mkpa gbasara SOx na PM, ma ọ bụ NOx, ihe achọrọ n'ụwa niile na njikwa siri ike na mpaghara nchịkwa ikuku pụrụ iche (ECA). Iwu ndị a sitere na nchegbu banyere "mmetọ ikuku na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara ụwa" n'ihe gbasara onyinye ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2020, a kwadoro Ndepụta VI siri ike karị na mpaghara nchịkwa ikuku na-ebelata oke ikuku.
Ka ọ na erule afọ 2011, e nwere ECAs anọ dị ugbu a: Oké Osimiri Baltic, Oké Osimiri North, ECA nke North America, gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime ụsọ oké osimiri US na Canada na US Caribbean ECA. Ọzọkwa enwere ike ịgbakwunye mpaghara ndị ọzọ site na usoro akọwapụtara na Ndepụta VI. A na egosi ECAs nwere ọnụ ụzọ nitrogen oxides dị ka ebe nchịkwa ikuku nitrogen oxide (NECAs).
Ihe gbara ya gburugburu
N'afọ 1972 na Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ, nchegbu zuru oke banyere mmetọ ikuku dugara na mmekorita mba ụwa. A na atụle mmetọ ikuku sitere na "gas na emerụ ahụ site na nsị ụgbọ mmiri" na mba ụwa. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1973, a nabatara nkwekọrịta mba ụwa maka igbochi mmetọ site n'ụgbọ mmiri ma mesịa gbanwee ya site na nkwekọrịta 1978 (MARPOL 73/78). MARPOL bụ mkpirikpi maka Mmetọ mmiri. N'afọ 1979, a bịanyere aka na Nkwekọrịta na Ogologo ogologo Mmetọ ikuku gafere oke, "ihe mbụ mba ụwa na-ejikọta iwu iji dozie nsogbu nke mmetọ ikuku". N'afọ 1997, a nabatara iwu gbasara mmetọ ikuku sitere na ụgbọ mmiri dịka akọwapụtara na Ndepụta VI nke Nkwekọrịta MARPOL. "Nchịkwa ndị a setịpụrụ oke na sulfur oxide (SOx) na nitrogen oxide (NOx) na esi na mmiri na-apụ apụ ma machibido ikuku nke ihe ndị na-emebi ozone. " Nzukọ dị ugbu a bụ ngwakọta nke Nzukọ 1973 na Protocol 1978. Ọ malitere n'ọrụ n'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1983. Dị ka IMO si kwuo, ụlọ ọrụ United Nations nke na-ahụ maka "nchebe na nchekwa nke ụgbọ mmiri na mgbochi nke mmetọ mmiri saịtị na ụgbọ mmiri", ka ọ na-erule Mee 2013, steeti 152, na-anọchite anya pasent 99.2 nke tonnage ụgbọ mmiri ụwa, bụ ndị sonyere na mgbakọ ahụ.
SECAs ma ọ bụ ECAs
Nkwekọrịta nke 1997 (MARPOL Annex VI ) gụnyere Mgbakwunye VI ọhụrụ nke MARPOL 73/78, nke malitere na 19 Mee 2005.
Nchịkwa ikuku SOx
Ebumnuche nke usoro iwu ahụ bụ iji belata ma chịkwaa ikuku na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri na esi na mmiri na emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. MARPOL mere ka IMO kwenye ịchịkwa nkezi nke mmanụ sulfur n'ụwa niile. Ka ọ na erule 1 Jenụwarị 2020 Ndepụta ahụ na-ekwu na okpu zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ 0.5% m / m na ihe sulfur dị na mmanụ. Otú ọ dị, MARPOL na ekwusi ike na ọ bụ 0.1% m / m na mpaghara ụfọdụ a na ahazi dị ka "ebe nchịkwa ikuku SOx" (SECAs).
N'aka nke ọzọ, MARPOL chepụtara ụzọ iji zere iji usoro nhicha gas ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ga egbochi ikuku SOx. N'ezie, usoro nhicha gas gas ga enwerịrị nkwado saịtị na nchịkwa steeti tupu etinye ya n'ọrụ. Iwu gbasara usoro nhicha gas ga ada site na IMO.
IMO na enyocha ihe sulfur dị n'ime mmanụ ụgbọala fọdụrụnụ maka iji ya n'ụgbọ mmiri kemgbe 1999. IMO na-enyocha yasaịtị na akụkọ bunker gburugburu ụwa. Dị ka Kọmitii Nchedo Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mmiri (MEPC) si kwuo, nkezi sulfur dị n'ụwa niile na mmanụ mmanụ maka afọ 2004 bụ 2.67 %m / m. thumb|Ụgbọ mmiri na-esi na Port S.Louis du Rhone, nso Marseilles.
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) mpụga iwu 13
Ihe nchịkwa NOx chọrọ na emetụta n'ụwa niile maka injin diesel ọ bụla arụnyere n'oké osimiri karịa 130 kW nke ike mmepụta ma e wezụga injin ndị a na eji naanị maka ebumnuche mberede ọ bụghị maka ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri ebe a na etinye injin ahụ. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ọkwa dị iche iche nke iwu ndị dabere na ụbọchị e wuru ụgbọ mmiri. A na ekewa ọkwa ndị ahụ n'ime atọ atọ. Tier I na emetụta ụgbọ mmiri ndị e wuru mgbe 1 Jenụwarị 2000 gasịrị. Ọ na ekwu na maka injin ndị dị n'okpuru 130 rpm ga enwerịrị ngụkọta nke ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ (g / kWh) nke 17, injin ndị nọ n'etiti 130 na 1999 rpm gaghị enwe ihe karịrị 12.1 (g / kW), injin ndị karịrị 2000 rpm ga na enwerịa oke nke 9.8 (g / chWh). Tier II nwere ihe ndị a chọrọ: 14.4 (g / kWh) maka injin na erughị 130 rpm, 9.7 (g / kW) maka injina 130 ̊ 1999 rpm, na maka injin karịrị 2000 rpm 7.7 (g - kWh) bụ njedebe. Ihe mgbochi nke Tier II na-emetụta ụgbọ mmiri ndị e wuru mgbe 1 Jenụwarị 2011 gasịrị. Njikwa Tier III na-emetụta naanị n'ógbè ndị a kapịrị ọnụ ebe a na achịkwa ikuku NOx (NECAs) ma na emetụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị e wuru mgbe 1 Jenụwarị 2016 gasịrị. Maka injin ndị dị n'okpuru 130 rpm njedebe bụ 3.4 (g / Kwh), injin ndị nọ n'etiti 130-1999 rpm njedebe anyị 2.4 (g / kWh), injin karịrị 2000 rpm ga-enwerịrị ngụkọta nke 2.0 (g / kW).
Ịkpọ ọkụ
Mgbakwunye VI machibidoro ịgba ngwaahịa ụfọdụ ọkụ n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. Ngwaahịa ndị ahụ gụnyere: ihe nkwakọba ihe na emetọ emetọ na polychlorinated biphenyls, ihe mkpofu, dị ka Ndepụta V si kọwaa, nwere ihe karịrị akara nke ọla dị arọ, ngwaahịa mmanụ ala a nụchara anụcha nwere ngwakọta halogen, nsị nsị, na mmanụ nsị.
Iwu gas na-ekpo ọkụ
Kọmitii Nchedo Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mmiri (MEPC) agbaala ndị otu ume iji atụmatụ ahụ kọọ gas na ekpo ọkụ. Gas ndị ahụ gụnyere carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbon, na sulfur hexafluoride. Ebumnuche nke ime ntuziaka na ikuku CO2 bụ ịmepụta usoro nke ụgbọ mmiri ga eji mee ihe n'oge nnwale.
Iwu nke 2013
N'afọ 2013, iwu ọhụrụ akọwapụtara n'isi nke agbakwunyere na MARPOL Annex VI malitere ịrụ ọrụ iji melite "ike nke mbupu mba ụwa". Iwu ndị a na emetụta ụgbọ mmiri niile 400 gross tonnage ma ọ bụ karịa. MARPOL chọrọ ka ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri jiri usoro EEDI nke ga-ahụ na a na emezu ọkwa ike niile achọrọ. Ọzọkwa, a chọrọ ka ụgbọ mmiri niile nwee atụmatụ njikwa arụmọrụ ụgbọ mmiri (SEEMP) n'ụgbọ mmiri, ya mere, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere atụmatụ mgbe niile iji zoo aka na ya iji nọgide na enwe ọkwa arụmọrụ nke ike chọrọ site na mpaghara ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nọ ma ọ bụ na-aga n'oge niile. [citation needed]
Banyere mgbakwunye na Mgbakwunye VI, e nwere mgbazi maka ikuku, nsị, na ihe mkpofu. Tupu iwu ndị a gbanwere na 2013 ebe nchịkwa sulfur gụnyere: Oké Osimiri Baltic, Oké Osimiri North na mpaghara North America (ebe ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke United States na Canada). Otú ọ dị, mmelite na 2013 version nke Annex VI gụnyere United States Caribbean Sea (karịsịa mpaghara ndị gbara Puerto Rico na United States Virgin Islands gburugburu) na ndepụta ahụ. [citation needed]
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Rodney Jerkins
thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ Rodney Roy Jerkins (amụrụ na Julaị 29, 1977), nke a makwaara site na aha egwu ya bụ Darkchild, bụ ónyé America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, ónyé na-eti egwu, na ónyé na-ede egwu. Ya na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe a ma ama na-arụkọ ọrụ.
Jerkins enwetala ọtụtụ Grammy Awards. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọ rụzuru nkè ọma bụ "The Boy Is Mine" na "What About Us?" nke Brandy, "I Can Love You" na "Enough Cryin" nke Mary J. Blige, "Daydreamin'" nke Tatyana Ali, "Angel of Mine" nke' Monica, "It's Not Right but It's Okay" nké Whitney Houston, "Say My Name" na "Cater 2 U" nke Destiny's Justin's Child Bieberphone, "You Had My Love" nke Jennifer Lopez, "He Wasn't Lady, Love" nké Beyon Jton, My World" nke Toni Braxton, "He Love, "He World" nke Beyon "As You" nke Michael"
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Sir Jinx
Anthony Wheaton, ónyé a maara nke ọma site na aha egwu ya Sir Jinx, bụ onye America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ hip hop na onye na-eti egwu si Los Angeles, California. Ọ bụ nwa nwanne nne nke ónyé na-emepụta ọtụtụ platinum Dr. Dre. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka ónyé otu C.I.A. n'etiti afọ 80 na Ice Cube na Kid Disaster. O mepụtara egwu màkà ndị dị ka Dazzie Dee, Westside Connection, Too Short, Yo-Yo, Tone Loc, Kool G Rap, CeCe Peniston, Xzibit na Kurupt n'etiti ndị ọzọ, yana remixed egwu màkà Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy na Toni Braxton.
Edensibia
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bella Bell-Gam
Ọrụ
A mụrụ Bell-Gam na Opobo Town, Rivers State, o ṅwere ejima, Judy onye bụkwa onye na-eme egwuregwu. Ụmụnne ṅwanyị abụọ ahụ gara Government Primary School, Afikpo, Methodist School, Uwani, Enugu na Union Secondary School, Ikot Ekpene. Ụmụ agbọghọ nọ na Enugu mgbe Agha Obodo malitere wee kwaga n'ebe ndịda Nnewi. Na ngwụcha agha ahụ, Bell-Gam laghachiri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na Ikot Ekpene. N'afọ 1973, ọ nọchitere anya ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na ịwụli elu na asọmpi Hussey Shield na Lady Manuwa. Na 2nd National Sports Festival na 1975, ọ gbanwere na ihe mgbochi wee merie ọla edo na ihe omume ya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gara Calabar College of Technology ma nọchite anya kọleji ahụ na egwuregwu NIPOGA na-ekere òkè na ihe mgbochi, elu elu na ogologo elu. Na 3rd National Sports Festival, ọ họọrọ ilekwasị anya na ịwụli elu na ịwụsi elu. Site n'ebe ahụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya mba ahụ na egwuregwu Ecowas ma mesịa na All Africa Games. O meriri nrite ọla edo na 1978 All Africa Games nke emere na Algiers, Algeria na akara 3709. O nwetakwara ọla nchara na 100m hurdles na long jump n'otu asọmpi ahụ na-enweta oge na anya nke 13.99s na 6.12m n'otu n'otu.
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tuedon Morgan
Tuedon "Tee" Omatsola-Morgan, amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 3 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1973 bụ onye Naijirịa na-agba ọsọ ultramaraton. O mechaala ihe karịrị 73 marathons ma sọọ mpi na 2 ultramarathons.
Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ ya na Warri, Naijirịa, a mụrụ ya n'ebo Itsekiri. Morgan kwagara UK mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii iji gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya.
Ọrụ
Otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Naijirịa na-agba ọsọ marathon nke oge ya, ọ ritere ọtụtụ ihe nrite dịka 2 Guinness world records nke e mere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 2. O mechaala Marathons na Half Marathons n'Antarctica na Marathon na North pole. Ọ bụ nwanyị Naijirịa mbụ mechara marathon na North Pole. Morgan bụ onye nwere ihe ndekọ ụwa nke ihe ndekọ ụwa abụọ dị iche iche : oge kachasị ọsọ maka nwanyị ịgba ọsọ ọkara marathon na kọntinent ọ bụla (10 ụbọchị, awa 23 na nkeji 37) na oge kachasị ọsọ nye nwanyị ịgba ọsọ na ọkara maraton na kọntaktị ọ bụla na ogidi ugwu (62 ụbọchị, awa 12, nkeji 58 na sekọnd 49). E mere nke mbụ n'ime ihe ndekọ abụọ ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke ihe ịma aka Triple 7 nke Morgan ebe ọ nwara ịgba ọsọ 7 ọkara marathons na kọntinent 7 n'ime ụbọchị 7 mana n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe ọjọọ mgbe ọ na-anwa ịdakwasị na Antarctica maka marathons ikpeazụ ọ nweghị ike mezue ya n'ime ọnwa 7 mana ụbọchị 10 e nyere ya na ndekọ ụwa.
D'banj
Oladapo Daniel Oyebanjo (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 9 n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1980), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha ya bụ D'banj, bụ onye Naijiria na-agụ egwu, onye na-eti egwu, onye ọchụnta ego na onye guzobere Mo' Hits Records na onye mmepụta Don Jazzy. O ritela ọtụtụ onyinye egwu, gụnyere onyinye maka Best African Act na MTV Europe Music Awards 2007, Artist of the Year na MTV Africa Music Awards 2009, Best International Act: Africa na 2011 BET Awards, na Best-selling African Artist na 2014 World Music Awards, Evolution award na 2015 MTV Africa Music awards
Oyebanjo nakweere aha ọgbọ D'banj, ngwakọta nke aha mbụ ya, Dapo, na aha nna ya, Oyebanjo. A maara D'banj nke ọma na mba ụwa maka egwu ya n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2012 "Oliver Twist", nke na-agba egwu nke Afrobeats na egwu egwu eletrik nke kachasị na chaatị Afrịka n'afọ 2011 ma bụrụ egwu iri kachasị elu na chaatị UK n'afọ 2012 ruo No. 2 na chaatị R&B nke UK. O kwuru na a ga-eji ụdị Grand mara afọ 2021 ma ọ ga-ewepụta abọm ya nke akpọrọ "Ikebe" tupu ngwụcha nkeji nke mbụ.
JHawk
thumb|JEREMY HAWKINS (14597442851) Jeremy Hawkins (amụrụ n'August 8, 1991) nke a maara dị ka JHawk ma ọ bụ JHawb Productions, bụ ónyé America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, ónyé na-ede egwu, na ónyé na-eme ihe nkiri si Los Angeles, California. A maara ya màkà ịbụ Onye ọsụ ụzọ nke Jerkin 'Movement, na-enweta ọtụtụ iri nde echiche na iyi, na-enye aka nke ukwuu na ihe ịga nke ọma nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na Los Angeles. Hawkins bụ ónyé a maara nke ọma maka ịmepụta egwu Rej3ctz "Cat Daddy" na 2011 nke ruru Number 77 na Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs ma nweta asambodo Platinum n'onwe ya.
D'banj
Mmalite nke egwu
Nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye, Femi Oyebanjo, onye nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọelu mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, mere ka D'banj mara harmonica. Site n'ịhụnanya D'banj nwere maka egwu karịa ọchịchọ agha nke ndị mụrụ ya, ọ gbasiri mbọ ike maka nkwado nke ndị mụrụ mụrụ ya; nke a nwere ike ịnụ nke ọma site na egwu abọm, All Da Way site na abọm izizi ya.