cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Adiat Disu
Adiat Sade Disu (amuru ya n'afọ 1986) bu onye Amerika mana nne na nna ya bu ndi Naijiria na Ghana. Ọ na-aru oru dika onye isi dijital na onye ahia n'ubi mgbasa ozi.
Disu bu onye kere otutu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi a na-akpọ Adirée nke nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ na New York. Ha na-aru ọrụ mgabasa ozi, izu ahia ma ire ere, Adirée kere otutu mgbako Ejiji Afrịka a na-enwe kwa afọ na-ewepụghị agbapụ n'obodo ndị mepere emepe (ịmaatụ: Africa Fashion Week New York n'oge New York Fashion Week  na 2009.
Disu na-ede ihe odide maka ndi Entrepreneur magazine.
Ndabere na agụmakwụkwọ
Adiat Disu gara akwukwo na Phillips Exeter Academy na Exeter, New Hampshire tupu ya ga Mahadum Bentley, na Waltham, Massachusetts ruo 2008 ebe o nwere bachelọ nke sayensị site na-ubi Information Technology, Marketing & Communications. Disu gara Tuck School of Business na Dartmouth College ebe ọ natara Executive Education na Digital Leadership and Management
Ọrụ
Na-onwa Febụwarị, n'afo 2009, oge Disu n'aputa na mahadum, ọ kere ulo oru mgasa ozi, izu ahia ma ire ahia nke ya na New York na Lagos, Nigeria.
Otutu ndi di iche iche ka ya na haa n'aruko oru ahu site na ndi gọọmenti ruo na ndi NGO ma ndi ulo mgasa ozi dika Verisk Analytics, na Hearst Magazines na ndi ocho mma dika Shinto Clinical, Iman Cosmetics, Pikolinos Shoes ndi nke Kimora Lee Simmons kere. Gunyere ndi ama ama di ka Korto Momolu na Akon
Nsọpụrụ na mmata
Disu na oru ya ka amatara na :
Ebe m si dee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Category:Naigeria Òtù:Category:Onye édémédé akwukwọ Òtù:Category:Onye mgbasa ozi Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika
Rain Rain Go Away
"Rain Rain Go Away" bụ abụ a ma ama n'asụsụ Bekee. O nwere nọmba Roud Folk Song Index nke ogugu19096.
Titilola Obilade
Titilola Obilade (amuru 25 Eprel 1971) bu onye okachamara na sayensi Naijiria. O tolitere na campuy of Lagos. Nna ya kụziri na ngalaba Iwu ebe o mechara bụrụ Prọfesọ Emeritus. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum International School wee bụrụ dọkịta ahụike, na nwanyị mbụ dibia bekee sitere na Nigeria nwere mkpakọrịta na ahụike wee nweta akara ugo mmụta abụọ na una yana nwetakwa PhD n'aka onye na-abụghị onye. ọkachamara ahụike.
Mmụta na ahụmahụ
Titilola Obilade gara klaasị nnabata (dị ka a na-akpọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara mgbe ahụ) nke Mahadum Lagos na Mahadum Lagos Staff School (Primary School). O nwetara ọtụtụ ihe nrite ma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya. E mekwara Titilola Obilade ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi klaasị na klaasị ọ bụla site na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị. Ọ so na ụmụ akwụkwọ abụọ ga-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Mahadum Lagos hiwere; Mahadum Mba ụwa nke Lagos (ISL). Titilola Obilade gara ISL site na 1982 ruo 1987. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ISL na streak nke Firsts ya. Na Asambodo Ịga akwụkwọ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Africa, Titilola Obilade nwetara ọpụrụiche asaa gụnyere A 1 na Mgbakwunye Mgbakọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ nwetara otu n'ime akara kacha elu na Mbanye ọnụ na matriculation bọọdụ (JAMB) iji mụọ ọgwụ na mahadum Lagos. Afọ mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na International School (ISL) ịghọ dọkịta. ọrụ ndị ntorobịa mba ya na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Nigeria kwụsịrị ugbu a, na-agwọ ndị ọrụ na ndị chọrọ njem.
Rain Rain Go Away
E nwere nsụgharị ole na ole na ọdịiche nke ụda olu a. Ụdị nke oge a a bụ:
Titilola Obilade
Mmụta na ahụmahụ
N'ime afọ ise sochirinụ, Titilola Obilade ghọrọ dọkịta bi na ngalaba ahụike obodo na LUTH, Inweta mmekorita ya na Health Public site na Health Public site na National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria ndi otu sitere na West African College of Physicians si na ngalaba nke Community Health (Memb WACP). N'oge ọzụzụ obibi ya, Titilola gụchara Master's in Public Health (MPH) na mahadum Lagos. Tupu ọ gụchaa ọzụzụ obibi ya, Titilola Obilade debara aha ya na Masters nke abụọ; Master's na International Law and Diplomacy na Mahadum Lagos. O nwetara First ọzọ site n'ịbụ onye dibia bekee nwanyị mbụ na Naijiria nwere Fellowship in Public Health wee nweta nzere abụọ Master's in Public Health na na International Law and Diplomacy.
Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Titilola Obilade lekwasịrị anya maka mkpakọrịta ya bụkwa nke mbụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ya na Lagos, Nigeria. Emeela ọmụmụ ihe na ụlọ akwụkwọ Wesley maka ndị ntị chiri mana nyocha ntụnyere Titilola gbasara ọrụ ọgụgụ isi nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nsogbu ntị na Wesley School na ụmụaka ndị si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Onitolo na-eji ule anaghị ekwu okwu bụ nke mbụ. Nsonaazụ sitere na ọmụmụ ya gosiri na ọ nweghị ihe dị iche na arụ ọrụ uche ha ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ akwụkwọ na-adịghị anụ ihe. Titilola Obilade mekwara nnyocha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Pacelli maka ndị ìsì, tụlere ihe ọmụma ha banyere ịba na ụmụ akwụkwọ si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Onitọlo [ ]. Nsonaazụ sitere na ọmụmụ a gosiri na ụmụ akwụkwọ si Pacelli School for the Blind nwere ihe ọmụma ka mma banyere ịba karịa ụmụ akwụkwọ si na isi iyi.
Rain Rain Go Away
Mmalite ya
Enwere ike ịchọta ụdị abụ ndị a n'ọtụtụ obodo, gụnyere Gris oge ochie na Rom oge ochie. Enwere ike ịkọwa okwu asụsụ Bekee nke oge a ma ọ dịkarịa ala na narị afọ nke iri na asaa mgbe James Howell na nchịkọta ilu ya kwuru:
Titilola Obilade
Mmụta na ahụmahụ
Mgbe Titilola Obilade mechara mkpakọrịta ya, mahadum Lagos were ọrụ na Institute of Child Health and Primary Care na College of Medicine ebe ọ mechara bụrụ onye isi ngalaba ahụike nne na nwa. N'ọrụ a, Titilola Obilade kụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na eze n'afọ ikpeazụ nakwa ụmụakwụkwọ ka gụchara akwụkwọ. Otu n'ime ihe pụtara ìhè n'oge Titilola Obilade dị ka onye isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka ahụike ndị nne na ụmụaka bụ n'ịzọpụta ụmụakwụkwọ iri isii na otu n'afọ ikpeazụ. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike ndị a nọ na ntinye ime obodo achọrọ na obodo Ijoko dị na Ogun State, Nigeria. Na 26 Eprel 2006, otu ndị hoodlum wakporo ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na ndị nkwado ha. Anwụdela ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ọgba aghara dị n'etiti ndị na-akwado ndị isi abụọ na-emegide. Titilola Obilade kpọkọtara ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ njem ọha na Legọs ma site n'enyemaka nke ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ndị a gawara mpaghara ọgụ wee nwee ike chụpụ ụmụ akwụkwọ niile n'enweghị nsogbu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ na otu n'ime ndị mmemme nwetara mmerụ ahụ na-adịghị egwu ndụ. N'ịkwanyere obi ike ya, ụmụ akwụkwọ nyere ya ihe nrite.
Rain Rain Go Away
Mmalite ya
John Aubrey kwuru na "ụmụntakịrị" jiri ya mee ihe iji "ịma mma mmiri ozuzo"...":
Titilola Obilade
Mmụta na ahụmahụ
N'afọ 2006, Titilola Obilade gbatịpụrụ nchụso mmụta ya na Virginia Polytechnic Institute na University University ebe ọ nwetara nzere Graduate na Gerontology na PhD na Instructional Design and nke a na-akpọ ugbu a Learning Sciences and Technologies. Ọzọkwa, Titilola Obilade nwetara mbụ ọzọ maka Naijiria. Ọ ghọrọ dibia bekee nwanyị mbụ nwere mkpakọrịta na ahụike ọha wee nweta PhD site na ọkachamara na-abụghị ọgwụ na dọkịta mbụ sitere na Nigeria wee nweta PhD na Instructional Design and Technology.
Na-arụ ọrụ
Titilola Obilade edeela akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere ọrịa nje Ebola, akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọrịa na-efe efe, agụmakwụkwọ dị anya, mmekọrịta kọmputa mmadụ na teknụzụ mmụta ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, o dela akwụkwọ ọgụgụ abụọ:
Enwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ ọrụ ya na ebe nchekwa Virginia Tech VTechWorks.
Rain Rain Go Away
Mmalite ya
N'akwụkwọ sitere na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, okwu ndị a bụ:
Titilola Obilade
Edensibịa
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Benjamin Onyango
Benjamin Alfred Onyango Ochieng, bụ onye Kenya-American na-eme ihe nkiri, karịsịa na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Hollywood. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ na ihe nkiri Tears of the Sun, God's Not Dead na Beautifully Broken.
Ndụ onwe
O mechara sonye na United States International University (USIU) iji mụọ Management Information Systems (MIT). Maka ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ, Benjamin kwagara USIU, San Diego na USA. Site n'ebe ahụ, e bufere ya na Mahadum California State, Stanislaus na Turlock, California. Mgbe ahụ n'afọ 1992, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelor of Science Degree na Computer Science.
Ọrụ
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kwagara Hollywood, California ebe ọ gara n'ihu mụọ egwu na ime ihe nkiri. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Funk Rock band 'P.F.O.' ruo afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị kpebiri ịbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Site n'echiche a, ọ malitere ịpụta n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri telivishọn ndị America a ma ama dịka General Hospital, The Shield na The X-files n'afọ 1999. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọ pụtara na The God's Not Dead Trilogy franchise yana Tears of the Sun, Heavenly Deposit, Beautifully Broken, Father Africa, The Boy, Road to Redemption, Default, Kwame, Chains, Thunder Chance, The Disciple, American Crude na The Terminal.
E wezụga ime ihe nkiri, ọ bụkwa onye edemede nwere ihe odide ndị a ma ama gụnyere: The Wives (TV Series); Dysfunctionally Organized (Web Series); Mind Tricks and Curse of Devil's Mountain (Shorts), Cheza na Original Man (Films).
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dexter Vines
Dexter Vines bụ onye America na-ese akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị na inker, nke a maara maka mmekorita ya na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ dịka Steve McNiven na Ed McGuiness, onye nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha bụ ndị otu "eDex".
Ọrụ
Vines arụọla ọrụ n'ọtụtụ aha ihe nkiri maka Marvel na DC. Ụfọdụ utu aha gụnyere Marvel's big 2007 summer event Civil War, Tangent Comics Power Girl, Superman / Batman, JLA Classified (ha niile na McGuiness), na Wolverine.
N'afọ 2012, Vines natara ihe nrite 2012 Inkwell Award for Favorite Small Press And Mainstream-Independent (S.P.A.M.I.) ink work over another pencil artist.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọzara
Ọzara ma ọ bụ ala ọhịa (na-emekarị n'ọtụtụ) bụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụwa nke emebeghị nke ọma site na ọrụ mmadụ, ma ọ bụ ala ọ bụla na-adịghị n'ime obodo na-adịghị n'okpuru nnukwu ọrụ ugbo. Okwu a na-ezokarị aka na gburugburu ụwa, n'agbanyeghị na a na-etinye uche na-eto eto na ọzara mmiri. Maapụ ọzara na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na ọ na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke elu ụwa, mana ọrụ mmadụ na-eweda ya ngwa ngwa. Ọbụlagodi obere ọzara ka dị n'oké osimiri, ebe naanị 13.2% enweghị ọrụ mmadụ siri ike.
Ụfọdụ gọọmentị na-ewepụta nchebe maka mpaghara ọzara site n'iwu ka ọ bụghị naanị ichekwa ihe dị adị, kamakwa ịkwalite ma kwalite okwu na mmepe ebumpụta ụwa. Enwere ike idobe ihe ndị a na nchekwa, nchekwa nchekwa, oke ohia nke mba, ogige ntụrụndụ mba na ọbụna n'ime obodo mepere emepe n'akụkụ osimiri, olulu mmiri ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-emepeghị emepe. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ewere mpaghara ndị a dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka nlanarị nke ụfọdụ ụdị, ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, nchekwa, ịnọ naanị ya na ntụrụndụ. Ha nwekwara ike ichekwa àgwà mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa akụkọ ihe mere eme ma na-enye ebe obibi maka ahịhịa na anụ ọhịa nke nwere ike isi ike ịmegharị na zoos, arboretums ma ọ bụ ụlọ nyocha.
Oge Ochie na Oge Ụwa Na-emepechabeghị Anya
Site n'echiche nka anya, ọdịdị na anụ ọhịa abụrụla ihe dị mkpa n'oge dị iche iche nke akụkọ ntolite ụwa. Omenala mbụ nke nka odida obodo mere na usoro ndị eze Tang (618–907). Omenala nke na-anọchi anya ọdịdị dị ka ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ebumnuche nke eserese ndị China ma bụrụ nnukwu mmetụta na nka Eshia. Ndị na-ese ihe na omenala Shan shui (lit. ugwu-mmiri-foto), mụtara igosi ugwu na osimiri "site n'echiche nke ọdịdị n'ozuzu ya na ndabere nke nghọta ha nke iwu nke okike ... dị ka a ga-asị na a na-ahụ site na anya nnụnụ". Na narị afọ nke 13, Shih Erh Chi tụrụ aro ka ịzere eserese "ihe nkiri na-enweghị ebe ọ bụla mere na-agaghị enweta site na okike".
Maka ihe ka ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ, akụkụ ka ukwuu nke ala ụwa bụ ọzara, na nlebara anya mmadụ lekwasịrị anya na ebe obibi. Iwu mbụ a ma ama iji kpuchido akụkụ nke okike sitere na Alaeze Ukwu Babịlọn na Alaeze Ukwu China. Ashoka, Eze Ukwu Mauryan, kọwapụtara iwu mbụ n'ụwa iji chebe osisi na anụ ọhịa n'ime Iwu Ashoka gburugburu narị afọ nke atọ BC. N'ime oge emepechabeghị anya, ndị eze England malitere otu n'ime mbọ ụwa mbụ siri ike iji chekwa ebe okike. Ọchịchọ nke inwe ike ịchụ nta anụ ọhịa n'ebe a na-echekwa ịchụ nta ihe nzuzo kpaliri ha kama ịchọ ichebe ọzara. Ka o sina dị, ka e wee nwee anụmanụ ha ga-achụ nta, ha ga-echebe anụ ọhịa pụọ n'ịchụ nta ihe oriri na ala n'aka ndị obodo na-achịkọta nkụ. Ewebatara usoro ndị yiri ya na mba ndị ọzọ dị na Europe.
Otú ọ dị, n'ọdịnala ndị Europe, n'oge emepechabeghị anya, a naghị ewere ọzara n'ozuzu ya ka ọ bara uru ichebe kama a na-ekpe ya ikpe na-adịghị mma dị ka ebe dị ize ndụ na dịka omume megidere ụwa nke omenala na ndụ nsọpụrụ Chineke. "Ọ bụ ezie na okpukpe ndị mgbe ochie na-atụgharị onwe ha n'ebe ọdịdị dị, na Krisendọm mgbe ochie a dochie anya ntụzịaka a site n'otu n'ime iwu Chineke. A naghịzi ahụ Chineke n'okike; kama nke ahụ, ọdịdị na-akụghị mkpụrụ ghọrọ saịtị nke ajọ omume na ndị mmụọ ọjọọ. Ọ bụ ya. a na-ewere na ọ dara site na ọdịda (natura lapsa), na-aghọ mkpọmkpọ ebe nke anya mmiri nke ụmụ mmadụ ga-ebi ndụ n'ime ya.Ya mere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ugwu a kọwara [dịka ọmụmaatụ, Thomas Burnet] dị ka mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ụwa dị larịị nke mebiri emebi. Iju Mmiri ahụ, ya na oké osimiri dị ka ihe fọdụrụ nke Iju Mmiri ahụ. “Ọ bụrụ na paradaịs bụ ihe ọma kacha mma mmadụ nwere n’oge mbụ, ọzara, dị ka ihe mgbochi ya, bụ ihe ọjọọ ya kachanụ.".
Narị afọ nke 15 ruo nke 19
Ndị na-achị achị na-ele ọzara anya dị ka ihe ọjọọ na nguzogide ọ na-emegide ikike ha. Echiche nke ịdị ọcha nke ọzara pụtara na ka ndị na-achị obodo wee nwee ike ibi na North America, ha ga-ebibi ọzara ka ha wee nwee ohere maka obodo ha 'mepere emepe'. E weere ọzara dị ka mgbọrọgwụ nke nsogbu ndị na-achị obodo, n'ihi ya, iji mee ka nsogbu ahụ laa, ọ dị mkpa ibibi ọzara. Otu n'ime nzọụkwụ mbụ na-eme nke a, bụ ikpochapụ osisi iji kpochapụ ala. A na-eji ihe atụ ndị agha na-akọwa ọzara dị ka "onye iro", na mgbasawanye nke ndị ọbịa ka a kọwapụtara dị ka "[na-emeri] ọzara".
N'ihe gbasara ọzara, a na-ele ụmụ amaala America anya dị ka ndị obi tara mmiri. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ amaala America na ala bụ ihe ndị colonists na-aghọtaghị ma ghara ịnwa ịghọta. Mmekọrịta a na-aba uru dị iche n'otú ndị na-achị achị si ele ala ahụ anya nanị n'ihe metụtara otú ọ ga-esi rite uru n'onwe ha site n'ịlụ ọgụ mgbe nile iji tipịa ala na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ n'okpuru. Nkwenye ndị na-achị obodo nwere na ala ahụ bụ naanị ihe a ga-eji mee ihe dabere na echiche Ndị Kraịst. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ Chineke Ndị Kraịst kere ụwa na anụmanụ na ihe ọkụkụ maka iji mmadụ mee ihe, mgbe ahụ ihe ndị na-achị achị bụ ihe Chineke nyere ha.
Otú ọ dị, echiche ahụ bụ́ na ihe ndị na-achị Europe hụrụ mgbe ha rutere n’Ebe Ugwu America bụ ihe na-adịghị mma na nke na-enweghị mmadụ bụ ihe na-ezighị ezi n’ihi ịdị adị nke ụmụ amaala America. Ndị America kpụrụ ala ahụ site na omume dịka ọkụ. Ọkụ na-eme ugboro ugboro na n'ụzọ a na-achịkwa. Okirikiri ala a na-ahụ na US taa dị nnọọ iche n'otú ihe si ele tupu ndị ọchịchị abịa. Enwere ike iji ọkụ na-echekwa nri, eriri, na nkata. Otu n'ime isi ọrụ nke ọkụ na-agbakarị bụ igbochi ọkụ na-adịghị achịkwa nke na-aghọwanyewanye.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
N'ọnwa Febụwarị 4, 2019, Federal Polytechnic Oko nwere nwanyị mbụ dị mkpa Rector. Ọ bụ Dr Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo. Ọ bụ onye isi nkuzi na ngalaba Chemical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic.
Ọzara
Narị afọ nke 15 ruo nke 19
Echiche nke ọzara nwere uru dị n'ime pụtara na ụwa ọdịda anyanwụ na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Ndị Britain na-ese ihe John Constable na J. M. W. Turner tụgharịrị uche ha n'ịchịkọta ịma mma nke ụwa okike na ihe osise ha. Tupu nke ahụ, ihe osise bụ nke okpukpe ma ọ bụ nke mmadụ. Abụ William Wordsworth kọwara ihe ịtụnanya nke ụwa okike, nke a na-elebu anya dị ka ebe egwu. N'ụzọ na-arịwanye elu, iji ihe okike kpọrọ ihe ghọrọ akụkụ nke ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Ọmụmụ
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enwere ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ 8 na polytechnic.
Ọzara
Narị afọ nke 15 ruo nke 19
Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti narị afọ nke 19, na Germany, "Nchekwa sayensị", dị ka a na-akpọ ya, kwadoro "iji nke ọma na-eji ihe ndị sitere n'okike eme ihe site na ntinye nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ". A na-etinye echiche nke njikwa oke ohia dabere na ụzọ German n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa, mana enwere ogo dị iche iche nke ịga nke ọma. N'ime oge nke narị afọ nke 19, a na-ele ọzara anya ọ bụghị ebe egwu kama ebe a ga-ekpori ndụ na ichebe; N'ihi ya, òtù nchekwa ahụ bịara na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 19. A na-akwatu osimiri, a na-arịkwa ugwu naanị n'ihi ntụrụndụ, ọ bụghị iji chọpụta ọnọdụ mpaghara ha.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Ọmụmụ
Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke teknụzụ teknụzụ
Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi na teknụzụ
Ọzara
Narị afọ nke 15 ruo nke 19
N'afọ 1861, mgbe ndị na-ese ihe (ndị na-ese onyinyo) na-eme ihe siri ike, ụlọ ọrụ French Waters and Forests Military Agency guzobere "ebe nchekwa nka" na Fontainebleau State Forest. N'inwe ngụkọta nke 1,097 hekta, a maara ya dị ka ebe nchekwa okike mbụ n'ụwa.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Ọmụmụ
Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ etinyere
Ọzara
Nchekwa nke oge a
Nchekwa ụwa ghọrọ nsogbu n'oge mgbasa nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain na Africa na ngwụcha afọ 1940. Ndị Britain guzobere nnukwu ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa n'ebe ahụ. Dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, mmasị a na nchekwa nwere ebumnuche akụ na ụba: n'ọnọdụ a, nnukwu ịchụ nta. Ka o sina dị, nke a dugara na mmata na-arịwanye elu na 1950s na mmalite 1960s nke mkpa ọ dị ichebe nnukwu oghere maka nchekwa anụ ọhịa n'ụwa niile. World Wildlife Fund (WWF), nke e guzobere na 1961, tolitere ịbụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa n'ụwa.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Ọmụmụ
Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke nka, nka na teknụzụ nka
Ọzara
Nchekwa nke oge a
Ndị na-echekwa ihe n'oge gara aga kwadoro ka e mepụta usoro iwu nke enwere ike ịtọ ókèala na ọrụ mmadụ iji chekwaa ala okike na nke pụrụ iche maka ntụrụndụ na ojiji nke ọgbọ ndị na-abịa n'ọdịnihu. Mgbanwe a dị omimi n'echiche ọzara ruru n'ókè dị elu na US site na ntinye nke Wilderness Act nke 1964, nke nyere ohere ka a họpụta akụkụ nke US National Forests dị ka "nchebe ọzara". Omume yiri nke ahụ, dị ka Iwu Ọzara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke afọ 1975, sochiri.
Madinatou Rouamba
Madinatou Rouamba (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2001) bụ onye na-agbachitere bọọlụ nke Burkinabé, onye na-egwu na Turkish nwanyi di oke otu egwuregwu maka Fatih Karagümrük na Istanbul. Ọ bụ onye otu ụmụ nwanyị mba Burkina Faso.
Ọrụ klọb
Madinatou Rouamba dị 1.73 m (5 in) ogologo, ma na egwuri egwu n'ọnọdụ onye na-agbachitere.
Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka klọb obodo ya Etincelles de Ouagadougou.
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2022, Rouamba kwagara Turkey, wee bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na klọb Fatih Karagümrük nke dị na Istanbul iji gbaa bọọlụ na 2022-23 nwanyi di oke otu egwuregwu.
Ọzara
Nchekwa nke oge a
Ka o sina dị, atụmatụ maka nchekwa ọzara na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye. E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ọrụ iji chebe oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo site na atụmatụ nchekwa. E nwekwara nnukwu ọrụ iji chekwaa mpaghara ọzara, dị ka Canada's Boreal Forest Conservation Framework. Usoro ahụ na-akpọ maka nchekwa nke pasent 50 nke square kilomita 6,000 nke oké ọhịa boreal n'ebe ugwu Canada. Na mgbakwunye na World Wildlife Fund, òtù ndị dị ka Wildlife Conservation Society, WILD Foundation, The Nature Conservancy, Conservation International, The Wilderness Society (United States) na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mbọ nchekwa dị otú ahụ.
Narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu ahụla obere mgbanwe ọzọ n'echiche na echiche nke ọzara. A ghọtara ugbu a na naanị ịde akara gburugburu otu ala ma kwupụta na ọ bụ ọzara anaghị eme ka ọ bụrụ ọzara. Ala niile nwere njikọ dị mgbagwoju anya na ihe na-eme n'èzí ọzara na-emetụta ihe na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ime ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmetọ ikuku sitere na Los Angeles na California Central Valley na-emetụta Kern Canyon na Sequoia National Park. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ kilomita nke "ọzara" mana ikuku jupụtara na mmetọ sitere na ndagwurugwu ahụ. Nke a na-ebute mgbagwoju anya nke ihe ọzara bụ n'ezie; isi okwu na echiche ọzara nke narị afọ nke 21. center|thumb|1144x1144px|A view of wilderness in Estonia
Madinatou Rouamba
Ihe odide
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọzara
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba
thumb|Ọzara El Toro n'ime Ọhịa Mba El Yunque na Puerto Rico Okike nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba, malite na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, chekwaara ụfọdụ ebe ndị mara mma na ndị a ma ama, mana ịchụso azụmahịa, ụzọ ndụ, na ntụrụndaka jikọtara ya na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ anọgidewo na-ebute mgbanwe mmadụ n'ebe ndị a na-emetụbeghị aka. Ọrụ mmadụ dị otú ahụ na-emetụtakarị osisi na anụmanụ ala. N'ihi ya, iji chebe ebe obibi ndị dị oke egwu ma chekwaa ohere ntụrụndụ na-enweghị mmetụta, e guzobere echiche iwu nke "ọzara" n'ọtụtụ mba, malite na United States (lee n'okpuru).
Ogige Ntụrụndụ mbụ bụ Yellowstone, nke Onye isi ala US Ulysses S. Grant bịanyere aka na ya na 1 Machị 1872. Iwu nraranye ahụ kwupụtara na Yellowstone bụ ala "nke a na-echekwa ma wepụ ya na ebe obibi, obibi, ma ọ bụ ire ere n'okpuru iwu nke United States, ma nyefee ya ma kewaa ya dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ ọha na eze ma ọ bụ ebe na-atọ ụtọ maka uru na obi ụtọ nke ndị mmadụ".
Mgbe e guzobere ogige ntụrụndụ mba n'otu mpaghara, a manyere ndị America bi n'ebe ahụ n'ike ka ndị ọbịa bịara n'ogige ahụ nwee ike ịhụ ọdịdị na-enweghị mmadụ. A na-ahụ ogige ntụrụndụ mba dị ka ebe ụmụ mmadụ na-emetụghị, mgbe n'eziokwu, ụmụ mmadụ dị n'ime oghere ndị a, ruo mgbe ndị na-achị ndị ọbịa batara na-amanye ha n'ala ha iji mepụta ogige ntụrụndụ mba. Echiche a na-enye echiche ahụ otuto na tupu ndị ọbịa abịa, US bụ odida obodo na-enweghị ebe obibi. Nke a na-ehichapụ eziokwu nke ụmụ amaala America, yana mmekọrịta ha na ala na ọrụ ha nwere n'ịkpụzi odida obodo. Mkpochapu dị otú ahụ na-egosi na e nwere mpaghara US bụ ndị na-enweghị akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-ehichapụkwa ịdị adị nke ụmụ amaala America na mmekọrịta ha na ala ahụ. N'ihe banyere Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, na Yosemite, 'ichekwa' ala ndị a nke gọọmentị US bụ ihe mere ka e wepụrụ ndị America bi na mpaghara ahụ n'usoro.
Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Mark David Spence egosiwo na ikpe nke Glacier National Park na ndị Blackfeet bi n'ebe ahụ bụ ihe atụ zuru oke nke ihichapụ dị otú ahụ. Ndị Blackfeet nwere ikike a họpụtara kpọmkwem na mpaghara ahụ, mana iwu Glacier National Park nke 1910 mere ka ikike ndị ahụ ghara ịdị irè. Omume nke 'ichekwa' ala ahụ nwere njikọ kpọmkwem na mwepu nke ndị Blackfeet. Nnọgide na-aga n'ihu nke ndị Blackfeet enyewo akwụkwọ banyere mkpa mpaghara ahụ nye ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche.
Ogige ntụrụndụ nke abụọ n'ụwa, Royal National Park, nke dị naanị kilomita 32 site na ndịda Sydney, Australia, guzobere na 1879.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Ọmụmụ
Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ
Didier Kamanzi
Didier Kamanzi, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Rwanda. Otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị ewu ewu na ihe nkiri Rwandan, a maara Kamanzi nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Cwasa, Rwassibo na Catherine.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Ọmụmụ
Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Mmụta Ego
Didier Kamanzi
Ewezuga ime ihe nkiri, ọ bụkwa onye egwuregwu na otu egwuregwu rugby nke mba Rwanda.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Ọmụmụ
Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ọmụmụ izugbe
Didier Kamanzi
Ndụ onwe
Ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịla onye na-eche nche na klọb abalị, ọ nwetara onyinye ịnwale ihe nkiri. Ọ gara nyocha ma nweta ọrụ ahụ.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Ogige
Polytechnic nwere ogige atọ.
Didier Kamanzi
Ndụ onwe
N'afọ 2015, o ritere ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nrite ihe nkiri Rwandan.
Tsotso Tlhapi
Galebekwe Virginia Tsotso Tlhapi (amụrụ n'afọ 1979 ma ọ bụ n'afọ 1980) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka MEC maka nka, ọdịbendị, egwuregwu na ntụrụndụ na North West. Ọ bụ onye otu North West Provincial Legislature maka African National Congress.
Didier Kamanzi
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tsotso Tlhapi
Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Tlhapi bụ onye otu African National Congress na onye bụbu onye otu African Nacional Congress Youth League. Ọ bụ onye bụbu onye isi oche nke ANC Youth League na North West, onye bụbu otu kọmitii nchịkwa mpaghara nke ANC Youth Association na mpaghara Bojanala, na onye bụbu onyeisi kọmitii onye isi obodo maka mmepe akụ na ụba mpaghara na Bojanala District Municipality. A ṅụrụ Tlhapi iyi dị ka onye otu North West Provincial Legislature na 2 August 2016.
Mgbe ntuli aka mba na nke mpaghara nke afọ 2019 gasịrị, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu Executive Council for Arts, Culture, Sports and Recreation na North West Provincial Government site n'aka onye isi ala Job Mokgoro.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọzara
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba
Echiche US banyere ogige ntụrụndụ mba bịarutere n'oge na-adịghị anya na Canada, bụ nke kere Banff National Park na 1885, n'otu oge ahụ a na-ewu okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Canada Pacific transcontinental. Ihe okike nke a na ogige ntụrụndụ ndị ọzọ gosipụtara ekele na-eto eto nke anụ ọhịa, kamakwa eziokwu akụ na ụba. Ụzọ ụgbọ oloko chọrọ ịrata ndị mmadụ ịga ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ogige ntụrụndụ dị ka Banff na Yellowstone nwetara ihu ọma ka okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko na-akpọsa njem gaa "oke ọhịa" nke North America. Mgbe onye nọ n'èzí Teddy Roosevelt ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke United States, ọ malitere ịgbasa usoro ogige ntụrụndụ nke United States, ma guzobe usoro National Forest.
Hannah Alper
Ndụ onwe onye
thumb|Hannah Alper A mụrụ Hannah Alper na 2002 2003 na Candace na Eric Alper. N'afọ 2013, nne ya rụrụ ọrụ "inyere ụmụaka nọ n'obodo ha aka site na mmemme mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ogige oge okpomọkụ na ọgwụgwọ egwu" nna ya rụkwara ọrụ maka eOne Music Canada mgbe ọ na-eguzobe ọrụ ebere iji zụta ihe enyemaka ntị maka ụmụaka nọ na mkpa. N'afọ 2020, ezinụlọ ahụ bi na mpaghara Toronto nke Richmond Hill, Ontario.
Ịgba mbọ
N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Alper malitere blọọgụ ya ebe ọ kwuru banyere ihe ndị dị mkpa nye ya: ọdịmma anụmanụ, mbibi ebe obibi, na gburugburu ebe obibi; n'ime afọ ahụ, blọọgụ ahụ nwetara nkiri peeji dị pụkụ otu nari. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020, ọ gbasaa nkwado ya na mgbochi mmegbu na "ịkwalite obiọma", ihe ọ kọwara dị ka "gbanwee obodo anyị na ụwa site na obiọma". N'otu oge ahụ, blọọgụ ya nwere "nnukwu ndị na-eso ụzọ", nwere mmadụ pụkụ ịrị anọ ndị na-akwado ya na Twitter, o nwekwara mmadụ dị pụkụ ịrị atọ ndị na-akwado ya Instagram, ma mee ka George Stroumboulopoulos gbaa ya ajụjụ ọnụ.
Ọzara
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba
N'agbanyeghị aha ha yiri, ogige ntụrụndụ mba dị na England na Wales dị nnọọ iche na ogige ntorobịa mba dị n'ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ, na England na Wales, nhọpụta dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ mba nwere ike ịgụnye nnukwu ebe obibi na ojiji ala mmadụ nke na-abụkarị akụkụ dị mkpa nke ala, ala dị n'ime ogige ntorobịa na-anọgide n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'onwe ya. Ogige ntụrụndụ ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ site na ikike ogige ntụrụngwa nke ya.
Hannah Alper
Akwụkwọ akụkọ
Dị ka onye nta akụkọ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, Alper edeela maka The Huffington Post ma gbaa Malala Yousafzai, Craig Kielburger, Spencer West, Jian Ghomeshi na Severn Cullis-Suzuki ajụjụ ọnụ. N'afọ 2013, Alper bụ onye na-ede blọgụ maka Juno Awards. E wepụtara ya na 1 Nọvemba 2017, akwụkwọ mbụ Alper bụ: Small Acts, Big Change bụ nchịkọta ajụjụ ọnụ ya na 19 n'ime ihe nlereanya ya (gụnyere Singh, Yousafzai, na Lily Collins), na-enwe olileanya inye ndị ntorobịa ike ime ihe ma mee mgbanwe ndị ha chọrọ ịhụ n'ụwa. 2020 hụrụ Alper na-apụta na ihe omume ụgbọelu nke CitizenKids: Earth Comes First, usoro TV nke sitere na usoro Kids Can Press nke akwụkwọ CitizenKid; ya, Cooper Price, Charlene Rourcha, na usoro ihe nkiri si na kpakpando Sophia Mathur set "megharị" taa.
Ọzara
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba
Agbalịrịla nkà ihe ọmụma United States gburugburu nchekwa ọzara site na ogige ntụrụndụ mba na mba ndị ọzọ. Agbanyeghị, ndị mmadụ bi na mba ndị ahụ nwere echiche dị iche iche gbara ọzara gburugburu karịa ndị nọ na United States, yabụ, echiche US banyere ọzara nwere ike imebi n'akụkụ ụwa ndị ọzọ. India bi n'ọnụọgụ karịa ma biri kemgbe ogologo oge. Enwere mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti obodo ndị ọrụ ugbo na ọzara. Ihe atụ nke a bụ ogige ntụrụndụ Project Tiger na India. Site n'ikwu na ebe ndị mmadụ anaghịzi eji ya eme ihe, ala ahụ na-esi n'aka ndị ogbenye na-akwaga ndị ọgaranya. Inwe ebe nchekwa agụ ga-ekwe omume naanị site n'ịchụpụ ndị ogbenye, ndị na-etinyeghị aka na nhazi mpaghara. Ọnọdụ a na-etinye ezigbo ọzara karịa mmekọrịta dị adị n'etiti ndị mmadụ na ala ha bi na ya. Site n'itinye echiche okike nke alaeze ukwu na mba dị iche iche, a na-etinye ọchịchọ nke iweghachi ọzara karịa ndụ nke ndị bi site n'ịrụ ọrụ ala.
Hannah Alper
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọzara
Nchekwa na nchekwa na narị afọ nke 20 United States
Ka ọ na-erule ná ngwụsị narị afọ nke 19, ọ bịara doo anya na n'ọtụtụ mba, ógbè ọhịa furu efu ma ọ bụ nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịpụ n'anya. Nghọta a mere ka a malite ọrụ nchekwa na United States, akụkụ ụfọdụ site na mbọ nke ndị ode akwụkwọ na ndị na-eme ihe ike dịka John Burroughs, Aldo Leopold, na John Muir, na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dịka Onye isi ala US Teddy Roosevelt. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Cook na Bridger Wilderness, Bridger-Teton National Forest, [[Waịómịn|Wyoming, U.S.]] Echiche nke ichebe okike maka ọdịdị okike malitere inweta nkwanye ùgwù na 1930s na ndị edemede America dị ka Aldo Leopold, na-akpọ maka "omume ala" ma na-agba ume ichebe ọzara. Ọ bịara doo anya na oghere ọhịa na-apụ n'anya ngwa ngwa nakwa na ọ dị mkpa ime ihe siri ike iji zọpụta ha. Nchekwa ala ịkpa bụ isi na gburugburu ebe obibi miri emi; nkà ihe ọmụma nke kwenyere na uru sitere n'okike nke ihe niile dị ndụ, n'agbanyeghị uru ha bara maka mkpa mmadụ.
Otu abụọ dị iche iche apụtala n'ime mmegharị gburugburu US na mmalite narị afọ nke 20: ndị nchekwa na ndị nchekwa. Nkwekọrịta mbụ n'etiti ndị nchekwa nchekwa kewara gaa na "ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa na-enyere aka" emesịa kpọọ ya dị ka ndị nchekwa, na "ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa mma" ma ọ bụ ndị nchekwa. Onye nnọchite anya nke mbụ bụ Gifford Pinchot, Onye isi mbụ nke United States Forest Service, ha lekwasịrị anya na iji okike eme ihe nke ọma, ebe ndị nchekwa nchekwa na-achọ nchekwa nke okike site na iji. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, nchekwa na-achọ ịchịkwa ojiji mmadụ ebe nchekwa na-achọ iwepụ mmetụta mmadụ kpam kpam. Nlekọta nke ala ọha na eze US n'ime afọ 1960 na 70s gosipụtara ọhụụ abụọ ndị a, ebe ndị nchekwa na-achịkwa ọrụ ọhịa, na ndị na-echekwa Park Service.
Mba Nile
World Conservation Union (IUCN) na-ekewa ọzara na ọkwa abụọ, 1a (ebe nchekwa okike siri ike) na 1b (ebe ọzara).
Julia Solly
Julia Frances Solly (née Muspratt; 21 Disemba 1862 ̊ 1953) bụ onye Britain na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-eme ihe ike. Mgbe ọ lụrụ́ di, ọ gara South Africa, ebe ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị inyom a ma ama na Cape Colony. Na ikwado maka ikike ịtụ vootu, ọ kwadoro Cape Branch nke Women's Enfranchisement League (WEL), nzukọ mbụ na South Africa nke e guzobere iji kwalite ikike ụmụ nwanyị ịtụ vootu. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ike dị ka onye na-eme udo, ọ na-emegide Agha nke Abụọ nke Boer na Agha Ụwa nke Mbụ, mana o kwenyere na a ga kwụsị ndị Nazi na-ụzọ ọ bụla. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-ọtụtụ mmemme mgbanwe ọha na eze ma bụrụ akụkụ nke purity movement. Maka ọrụ ya na National Council of Women, e nyere ya King George Silver Jubilee Medal na 1935.
Ọzara
Mba Nile
Mba iri anọ na asatọ nwere mpaghara ọzara hiwere site na nhọpụta ndị omebe iwu dị ka saịtị IUCN echekwabara mpaghara ngalaba Category 1b nke na-anaghị agafe na aha IUCN ọzọ. Ha bụ: Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Bosnia na Herzegovina, Botswana, Canada, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, French Guiana, Greenland, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Norway, Northern Mariana Islands, Portugal, Seychelles, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tanzania, United States of America, na Zimbabwe. Na mbipụta, enwere mpaghara 2,992 mmiri na terrestrial ọzara edebanye aha na IUCN dịka naanị saịtị ngalaba 1b.
Julia Solly
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Julia Frances Muspratt na 21 Disemba 1862 [1] na Seaforth Hall, Seaforth, Lancashire, England. [2] Frances Jane (née Baines) na Edmund Knowles Muspratt. [3] Ọ gara Cheltenham Ladies' College ma ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Nessie bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ nwanyị mbụ na Mahadum College, Liverpool. Muspratt mụụrụ prọfesọ Harvey Gibson ma tinye uche na osisi nke South Africa. [1] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ya na nna ya mere njem gaa Amerịka, buru ụzọ gaa Canada iji gaa nzukọ British Association na Montreal [2] wee si n'ụzọ oké osimiri Pacific Northwest nke United States gaa New York City tupu ọ laa n'ụlọ.
Ọzara
Mba Nile
Mba iri abụọ na abụọ ndị ọzọ nwere ebe ọzara. A na-eguzobe ebe ndị a dị n'ọzara site na aha nchịkwa ma ọ bụ mpaghara ọzara n'ime ebe echedoro. Ọ bụ ezie na ndepụta ahụ dị n'elu nwere mba ndị nwere ọzara a họpụtara dị ka saịtị Category 1b, ụfọdụ n'ime mba ndị edepụtara n'okpuru ebe ahụ nwere ebe echedoro nwere ọtụtụ ụdị njikwa gụnyere Category 1b. Ha bụ: Argentina, Bhutan, Brazil, Chile, Honduras, Germany, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Namibia, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, na Zambia.
Julia Solly
Akụkọ ndụ
Na ngwụcha afọ 1880, Muspratt sonyeere alaka ụlọ ọrụ Women's Liberal Federation (WLF) West Toxteth nke nwanne ya nwanyị Nessie Stewart-Brown bụ onye isi oche, ya na nne ya, nwanne nne ya Ann Neal Muspratt (Mrs. Sheridan), nwanne ya nwanyị Stella Permewan (née Muspratt) na nwanne nwanyị di ya Helena Agnes Dalrymple Ainsworth (nwunye nwanne ya nwoke Max Muspratt). [1] Na 15 June 1890, ọ lụrụ Hubert LeGay Solly [2] (23 April 1856 ː 1 December 1912) [3] onye injinia Bekee na-arụ ọrụ na mba ọzọ n'ihi nsogbu ahụike maka gọvmentị South Africa na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. [2] N'otu afọ ahụ, di na nwunye ahụ gara De Aar, ebe Solly sonyeere Women's Christian Temperance Union. Ka ọ na-eru afọ 1895, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nlekọta nke otu ya. [1] Onye na-eme udo, [2] ọ zigara nna ya akwụkwọ ozi n'oge Agha nke Abụọ nke Boer, na-akọ akụkọ obi ọjọọ nke esemokwu ahụ. [3] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe agha ahụ kwụsịrị, di ya lara ezumike nká na 1904 n'ihi nsogbu ahụike ya wee biri n'ubi ya dị nso na Knor Hoek, Sir Lowry's Pass, Cape Colony. [3] N"afọ 1907, Solly nyere aka chọta Cape Branch nke Women's Enfranchisement League (WEL), nzukọ mbụ na South Africa nke ha mepụtara iji nweta azụmahịa ha iji nweta ikike ịtụ vootu ụmụ nwanyị. Schreiner nwere nchegbu banyere nkewa ma gbaa Solly ume ka ọ wepụ ọdị iche okpukpe ma ọ bụ agbụrụ ma wepụ ihe ndị na-ekewa, dị ka onye isi ala otu oge, Irene Macfadyen (1907-1908), onye bụ otu onye na-emegide ụmụ nwanyị. [1] Solly ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị a ma ama na Cape Colony. [2]
Ọzara
Germany
Strategy National German on Diversity Diversity bu n'obi iguzobe ọzara na 2% nke ala ya site na 2020 (7,140 km2). Agbanyeghị, mpaghara ala ịkpa echedoro na Germany ugbu a na-ekpuchi naanị 0.6% nke mkpokọta mbara ala. Na enweghị odida obodo, Germany na-agụ ogige ntụrụndụ mba (IUCN Category II) dị ka mpaghara ọzara. Gọọmenti na-agụta mpaghara niile nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba iri na isii dị ka ọzara. Nke a pụtara, nakwa akụkụ ndị a na-achịkwa na-agụnye na "dị" 0,6%. Obi abụọ adịghị ya, na Germany ga-atụfu ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dabere na oge ya, mana enwerekwa ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ, nke na-arụtụ aka na omume nhọpụta ọjọọ: Nchọpụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọgba aghara, dịka usoro nchekwa ọdịdị ọdịdị dabere na usoro na ebumnuche 2% nwere ike. bụrụ onye tozuru oke site na nhọpụta mpaghara ezubere iche, ọgwụgwọ tupu ọgwụgwọ na iwebata megaherbivores, bụ nke a na-eleghara anya. Ebe ọ bụ na 2019 gọọmentị na-akwado azụmahịa nke ala nke a ga-ahọpụta dị ka ọzara site na 10 Mio. Euro kwa afọ. Opekempe German maka saịtị ndị na-azọ ọkwa ọzara na-abụkarị 10 km2. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ (ya bụ swamps) nke kacha nta bụ 5 km2
Finland
thumb|Ógbè Ọzara Tsarmitunturi E nwere ebe iri na abụọ dị n'ọzara n'ógbè Sami dị n'ebe ugwu Lapland nke Finland. Ebumnuche ha bụ iji chekwaa ọdịdị ọzara nke mpaghara ahụ ma kwalite ndụ ọdịnala nke ndị Sami. Nke a pụtara na dịka ọmụmaatụ na a na-ekwe ka ịkpa anụ reindeer, ịchụ nta na iburu osisi maka iji ya mee ihe n'ụlọ. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị obere, nke a abụghị nnukwu ihe iyi egwu nye okike. Ịkpa anụ reindeer buru ibu nwere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi, mana ọ nweghị mgbanwe a na-ewebata site na iwu ahụ na mpaghara ọzara. World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) kewara mpaghara ndị ahụ dị ka "ebe a na-echebe VI nke nwere ojiji na-adịgide adịgide nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike".
Julia Solly
Akụkọ ndụ
Ka ọ na-eru n'oge di ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1912, Solly na-arụ ọrụ na Cape Town [1] ebe ọ sonyeere National Council of Women na 1913. [2] N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Solly na Reverend Ramsden Balmforth, nke Unitarian Church, South African Peace and Arbitration Society. [3] Ọ bụ ezie na ha gosiri arụmụka na-akpali maka udo, mmadụ ole chọrọ ịnụ ha. [3] Ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ sonyeere South African Association for the Advancement of Science, na-red war and negative Society Society Society Society. Ụmụ nwanyị NCW gara ámá na brigades iji nyochaa agbata obi. [1] Solly guzoro maka ntuli aka na 1918 dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa maka Salt River Municipality mana e meriri ya. [2] [3] Na ọkara mbụ nke afọ 1920, Solly dere Charter ụmụ nwanyị nke a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Afrikaans ma zigara ya na alaka niile nke (National Women's Party).
Ọzara
France
Kemgbe 1861, ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha French Waters and Forests (Administration des Eaux et Forêts) tinyere nchebe siri ike n'ihe a na-akpọ ebe nchekwa nka na Fontainebleau State Forest. N'inwe ngụkọta nke 1,097 hekta, a maara ya dị ka ebe nchekwa okike mbụ n'ụwa.
Julia Solly
Akụkọ ndụ
"N'afọ 1926, Julia Solly rụrụ ụka n'ihu kọmitii ndị ome iwu na ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ ịtụ vootu dị ka 'ngwá agha nchebe ụlọ'", nke pụtara na ikwe ka ụmụ nwanyị ịtụ vootu ga-echebe ezinụlọ. [1] Ikike ụmụ nwanyị na South Africa nwere mgbagwoju anya n'ihi egwu na ndị isi ojii ga-enweta ike. Solly, jiri egwu ndị a mee ihe maka uru ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwu si ike na ọ bụrụ na e nye ụmụ nwanyị ọcha votu, ọ ga-amụ ba ndị ọcha na-atụ vootu. [1] N'ikpeazụ, na 11 Eprel 1930, site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke vootu 40, gọvmentị Prime Minister Albert Hertzog kwadoro ikike ịtụ vootu maka ụmụ nwanyị ọcha dịka nke ndị ọcha. [2] Ka ọ na-eru n'afọ 1935, Solly na-eje ozi dị ka South Africa meriri ya. [2] Solly na Balm forth hapụrụ nguzo ha niile na world war II nwụrụ na South Africa, ka ọ bụrụ South Africa, na 1953
Ọzara
France
Mgbe ahụ na 1950s, Integral Biological Reserves (Réserves Biologiques Intégrales, RBI) raara onwe ya nye evolushọn gburugburu ebe obibi na-enweghị mmadụ, n'adịghị ka Managed Biological reserves (Résers Biologiques Dirigées, RBD) ebe a na-etinye njikwa a kapịrị ọnụ iji chekwaa ụdị ndị na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ ebe obibi na'ihe ize ndụ.
Integral Biological Reserves na-ewere ọnọdụ na French State Forests ma ọ bụ City Forests ma ya mere National Forests Office na-elekọta ya. N'ime ebe nchekwa ndị dị otú ahụ, a machibidoro ihe ubi niile ma e wezụga mwepụ nke ụdị dị iche iche ma ọ bụ ọrụ nchekwa nke ụzọ iji zere ihe ize ndụ osisi dara maka ndị ọbịa (ụzọ dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ na nsọtụ ebe nchekwa ahụ).
Na ngwụcha afọ 2014, e nwere 60 Integral Biological Reserves na French State Forests maka ngụkọta nke 111,082 hekta na 10 na City Forests maka ngalaba nke 2,835 hekta.
Gris
Na Gris, e nwere ụfọdụ ogige ntụrụndụ a na-akpọ "ethniki drimoi" (εθν Isla δρυμοί, oké ọhịa mba) nke nọ n'okpuru nchebe nke gọọmentị Gris. Ogige ntụrụndụ ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere Olympus, Parnassos na Parnitha National Parks.
New Zealand
E nwere mpaghara ọzara asaa na New Zealand dị ka akọwapụtara site na National Parks Act 1980 na Conservation Act 1987 nke dabara nke ọma n'ime nkọwa IUCN. Ebe ndị dị n'ọzara enweghị ike itinye aka na mmadụ ọ bụla ma nwee ike iweghachi ụdị ụmụ amaala n'ime mpaghara ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ kwekọrọ na usoro nchịkwa nchekwa.
Na New Zealand, ebe ndị dị n'ọzara bụ ala ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke nwere ọdịdị okike dị elu. Iwu Nchekwa nke 1987 na-egbochi ohere ọ bụla site na ụgbọala na anụ ụlọ, iwu ụzọ na ụlọ, na ihe onwunwe okike niile na-echebe. Ha na-adịkarị ihe karịrị 400 km2 n'ogo.
A na-amata mpaghara ọzara atọ ugbu a, niile dị na West Coast: Adams Wilderness Area, Hooker / Landsborough Wilderness Zone na Paparoa Wilderness Region.
United States
áká_èkpè|thumb|A họpụtara Great Swamp nke New Jersey, nke ndị bi na ya nyere maka nchebe gọọmentị etiti, dị ka ebe mgbaba mbụ n'ọzara na United States na 1960. Na United States, Wilderness Area bụ mpaghara ala gọọmentị etiti nke iwu nke Congress wepụrụ. Ọ na-abụkarị ma ọ dịkarịa ala 5,000 acres (ihe dị ka 8 mi2 ma ọ bụ 20 km2) n'ogo. A na-ejedebe ọrụ mmadụ n'ebe ndị dị n'ọzara na ọmụmụ sayensị na ntụrụndụ na-abụghị nke igwe; a na-ekwe ka ịnyịnya ma ụgbọala na ngwá ọrụ, dị ka ụgbọala na ịnyịnya ígwè, abụghị.
United States bụ otu n'ime mba ndị mbụ họpụtara ala dị ka "ọzara" site na Iwu Ọzara nke 1964. Iwu Ọzara bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke nhọpụta ọzara n'ihi na o mepụtara nkọwa iwu nke ọzara ma guzobe National Wilderness Preservation System. Iwu Ọzara na-akọwa ọzara dị ka "ebe mmadụ na-emetụtaghị ụwa na obodo ya, ebe mmadụ n'onwe ya bụ onye ọbịa na-adịghị anọgide".
Nkọwa ala ịkpa na-enyere aka ichekwa ọnọdụ okike nke ala ahụ ma na-echebe osisi na anụmanụ site na ịmachibido mmepe na inye maka ntụrụndụ na-abụghị nke igwe naanị.
Ebe mbụ a na-echebe n'ọzara na United States bụ Gila National Forest. N'afọ 1922, Aldo Leopold, onye nọ n'ọkwa nke US Forest Service, tụrụ aro usoro nchịkwa ọhụrụ maka Gila National Forest. A nabatara atụmatụ ya na 1924, 750,000 acres nke Gila National Forest ghọrọ Gila Wilderness.
Nnukwu apiti dị na New Jersey bụ ebe mgbaba ọzara izizi ahapụtara na United States. Ekwuru na ọ bụ ebe mgbaba anụ ọhịa na 3 Nọvemba 1960. N'afọ 1966, a kpọpụtara ya dị ka National Natural Landmark na, na 1968, e nyere ya ọkwa ọzara. Ngwongwo dị n'ime apiti ahụ enwetala obere ìgwè ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ, bụ ndị nyere gọọmenti etiti ihe onwunwe ndị ahụ gbakọtara dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ maka nchebe ebighị ebi. Taa ebe mgbaba ahụ ruru acres 7,600 (31 km2) nke dị n'ime kilomita iri atọ na Manhattan. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọzara Latir Peak, na [[Nú Mézíkọ|New Mexico]] Ọ bụ ezie na iwu nke Congress nyere aha ọzara na mbụ maka ala gọọmentị etiti nke nọgidere na-enwe "àgwà mbụ", nke pụtara na ọ tara ahụhụ site na ebe obibi mmadụ ma ọ bụ mmepe, Iwu Ọzara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke 1975 gbatịpụrụ nchebe nke NWPS na mpaghara ndị dị na steeti ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke a na-echebeghị maka itinye ya na Iwu Ọzara. Omume a nyere ohere ka a họpụta ala ndị na-erughị ihe mgbochi nke nha, enweghị ụzọ, ma ọ bụ mmetụta mmadụ dị ka ebe ọzara n'okpuru nkwenye na enwere ike iweghachi ha na steeti "isi" site na nchekwa.
A na-ahọpụta ihe dị ka 107,500,000 acres (435,000 km2) dị ka ọzara na United States. Nke a na-akpata 4.82% nke ala niile nke mba ahụ; Otú ọ dị, 54% nke ego ahụ dị na Alaska (ntụrụndụ na mmepe na ọzara Alaska na-abụkarị obere ihe mgbochi), ebe ọ bụ naanị 2.58% nke ala United States dị ala ka ọzara. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2019, e nwere mpaghara ọzara 803 a họpụtara na United States site na Pelican Island nke Florida na 5 acres (20,000 m2) ruo Wrangell-Saint Elias nke Alaska na 9,078,675 acres (36,740.09 km2).
N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Australia, ebe ọzara bụ ebe nwere ogo ọzara nke 12 ma ọ bụ karịa ma na-ezute ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nta nke 80 km2 na mpaghara okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ 200 km2 na ebe kpọrọ nkụ na ebe okpomọkụ. A na-edepụta mpaghara ọzara n'okpuru ngalaba 62 (1) (a) nke Iwu Nchekwa na Nchịkwa Ala 1984 site n'aka Minista na ala ọ bụla e nyere na Kọmitii Nchekwa nke Western Australia.
Njem mba ụwa
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ndagwurugwu Monument na [[Yútạh|Utah, United States]] N'ihu nke òtù ọzara mba ụwa bụ The WILD Foundation, onye guzobere ya Ian Player na netwọk ya nke ụmụnne ya nwanyị na ndị mmekọ ya gburugburu ụwa. Onye ọsụ ụzọ World Wilderness Congress na 1977 webatara echiche ọzara dị ka okwu dị mkpa nke mba ụwa, wee malite usoro ịkọwa okwu ahụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Taa, ọtụtụ ìgwè mba ụwa na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ a bụ ndị ka na-ele World Wilderness Congress anya dị ka ebe mba ụwa maka ọzara na netwọk WILD Foundation maka ngwá ọrụ ọzara na omume. Ntọala WILD na-ebipụtakwa ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ndị ọkachamara n'ọzara na ndị ọzọ na-etinye aka na nsogbu ndị a: Wilderness Management: Stewardship and Protection of Resources and Values, International Journal of Wilderness, A Handbook on International Wilderness Law and Policy and Protecting Wild Nature on Native Lands bụ ọkpụkpụ nke ozi na ngwaọrụ njikwa maka nsogbu ọzara mba ụwa.
Ogologo
Dabere na nnyocha gara aga, Wilderness: Earth's Last Wild Places, nke Conservation International mere, 46% nke ala ụwa bụ ọzara. Maka ebumnuche nke akụkọ a, akọwapụtara "ọzara" dị ka mpaghara nke "nwere 70% ma ọ bụ karịa ahịhịa mbụ ya, na-ekpuchi ma ọ dịkarịa ala 10,000 uare kilomita (3,900 sq mi) ma ga-enwerịrị ihe na-erughị mmadụ ise kwa square kilomita. " Otú ọ dị, akụkọ IUCN / UNEP bipụtara na 2003, chọpụtara na naanị 10.9% nke ala ụwa bụ mpaghara 1 a na-echebe ugbu a, ya bụ, ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa okike siri ike (5.5%) ma ọ bụ ọzara a na-echekwa (5.4%). Ebe ndị dị otú ahụ ka na-abụ ndị mmadụ na-emetụbeghị aka. N'ezie, e nwere nnukwu ala n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba na ebe ndị ọzọ a na-echebe nke ga-eru eru dị ka ọzara. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ebe echedoro nwere ụfọdụ mgbanwe ma ọ bụ ọrụ mmadụ, yabụ atụmatụ doro anya nke ezigbo ọzara siri ike.
The Wildlife Conservation Society mepụtara akara ụkwụ mmadụ site na iji ọtụtụ ihe ngosi, enweghị nke na-egosi ọhịa: ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ohere mmadụ site n'okporo ụzọ na osimiri, akụrụngwa mmadụ maka ọrụ ugbo na ebe obibi na ọnụnọ nke ike ụlọ ọrụ (ìhè a na-ahụ anya site na mbara igwe). Ndị otu ahụ na-eme atụmatụ na 26% nke ala ụwa na-adaba na ngalaba nke "Nke ikpeazụ nke ọhịa". Mpaghara kachasị ọhịa n'ụwa gụnyere Arctic Tundra, Siberia Taiga, Amazon rainforest, Tibetan Plateau, Australia Outback na ọzara dịka Sahara, na Gobi. Otú ọ dị, site na 1970s, achọpụtala ọtụtụ geoglyphs n'ala e gburu n'oké ọhịa Amazon, na-eduga na nkwupụta banyere mmepeanya Pre-Columbian. BBC's Unnatural Histories kwuru na oké ọhịa Amazon, kama ịbụ ọzara mara mma, mmadụ emeela ya ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 11,000 site na omume ndị dị ka ịkọ ọhịa na terra preta.
Pasentị nke ala a họpụtara dị ka ọzara anaghị egosipụta oke nke ụdị dị iche iche ya. N'ime ebe ndị ikpeazụ dị n'ọzara, taiga - nke bụkarị ọzara - na-anọchite anya 11% nke ngụkọta ala na Northern Hemisphere. Oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na-anọchite anya pasent 7 nke ala ụwa. Atụmatụ nke ala ịkpa fọdụrụ n'ụwa na-emesi ike ọnụego a na-emepe ala ndị a, na mbelata dị egwu na ụdị dị iche iche dị ka nsonaazụ.
Nkatọ
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cedar Mountain Wilderness na ugwu [[Yútạh|Utah, United States.]] Echiche America nke ọzara akatọwo ụfọdụ ndị edemede okike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, William Cronon na-ede na ihe ọ na-akpọ ụkpụrụ omume ma ọ bụ ofufe nke ọzara nwere ike "kụziere anyị ka anyị ghara ileghara ebe na ahụmịhe dị ala anya ma ọ bụ ọbụna leghara ebe ndị dị ala anya", nakwa na "ọzara na-enwekarị ihe ùgwù maka akụkụ ụfọdụ nke okike na-efu ndị ọzọ", na-eji ihe atụ "ọwara dị ike karịa ala dị ala". A na-ahụ nke a n'ụzọ doro anya na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ogige ntụrụndụ US niile na-echekwa ọmarịcha ndagwurugwu na ugwu, ọ bụghịkwa ruo n'afọ 1940 ka ala mmiri ghọrọ ogige ntorobịa - Everglades. N'etiti narị afọ nke 20, ogige ntụrụndụ mba malitere ichebe ụdị dị iche iche, ọ bụghị naanị ebe mara mma.
Cronon kwekwaara na agụụ ịchekwa ọzara "na-etinye egwu siri ike maka gburugburu ebe obibi" ma dee na ọ na-enye ndị mmadụ ohere "inye onwe ha ikike izere ibu ọrụ maka ndụ anyị na-eduga n'ezie ... ruo n'ókè anyị bi na mmepeanya obodo ma n'otu oge ahụ mee ka anyị bụrụ na ezigbo ụlọ anyị dị n'ọzara".