cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Human trafficking in Rwanda
Nchedo
E wezụga nlekọta ya n'ihe gbasara ndị bụbu ụmụaka na-alụ ọgụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-azụ ahịa, gọọmentị nyere ndị na-ahụ n'ihe gbasara ndị a na-azụ ahịa ọrụ nchebe ole na ole. Ụlọ ọrụ Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (RDRC), na World Bank na obere ego gọọmentị, gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ maka ụmụaka bụbu ndị agha na Muhazi, nke nyere ọnwa atọ nke nlekọta n'ihe gbasara ụmụaka si DRC lọta site na UN Mission na Congo. Mgbe ha nyochachara ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị okenye na Mutobo, ụmụaka Iri anọ na itoolu rutere n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2009 na asaa na Jenụwarị afọ 2010. RDRC na ndị isi obodo na otu NGO rụkọrọ ọrụ iji chọta ezinụlọ ụmụaka ahụ, ndị ọrụ ebere mekwara ka ezinụlọ ndị ahụ mara tupu nwa ha alọta; n'afọ 2009, ụmụaka iri asaa na ise sonyeere ezinụlọ ha. N'oge nlọghachi, ihe dị ka pasent irí nke ụmụaka banyere agụmakwụkwọ, pasent iri anọ natara ọzụzụ ọrụ aka, na pasent iri ise malitere ọrụ na-emepụta ego.
Mgbochi
Mgbalị gọọmentị na-emegide ịzụ ahịa mụbara n'oge akụkọ ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-eme ngwa ngwa ịmata ma zaghachi ikpe ndị a na-enyo enyo nke ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka na mba, ọtụtụ ndị isi kwenyere na ịzụ ahịa n'ime obodo agaghị ekwe omume màkà obere nha Rwanda na arụmọrụ nke usoro nchekwa gọọmentị. E nwekwara enweghị nghọta n'ozuzu n'etiti ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu banyere ihe bụ ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2009, Mịnịstrị nke Ndị Ntorobịa na National AIDS Control Commission haziri ma malite, site na ego ndị mba ọzọ na-enye onyinye, mkpọsa ọnwa isii megide mmegbu ụmụaka n'ụzọ mmekọahụ nke ndị gọọmentị chọpụtara dị ka "sugar daddies" na "sugar mommies"; mkpọsa ahụ, nke akpọrọ "Sinigurisha!" (Anaghị m ere!), gụnyere TV na redio, ihe eji ebipụta akwụkwọ, bọọdụ mkpọsa, na ihe omume obodo. N'oge ahụ, Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ọha na eze na ndị ọrụ (MIFOTRA) zụrụ ndị nyocha ọrụ mpaghara iri atọ nke gọọmentị otu esi amata ma zaghachi ikpe nke ọrụ ụmụaka; ndị nyocha nwere ọzụzụ kwa afọ n'ihe gbasara ndị ọrụ na ndị isi obodo banyere nsogbu ọrụ ụmụaka. Na Febụwarị na Machị 2010, MIFOTRA mere mkpọsa na mpaghara ọ bụla iji mee ka ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ onwe ha na ndị ọrụ ha mara na Iwu Ọrụ 2009, gụnyere ndokwa megide iji ọrụ ụmụaka. Ndị ọrụ ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara na-ezukọ kwa ọnwa ma na-eme ihe omume mmata banyere ihe ize ndụ na iwu na-akwadoghị nke iji ọrụ ụmụaka eme ihe. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2010, ndị ọchịchị obodo na ndị ọrụ nchekwa na Gakenke mejuputara iwu ọrụ ụmụaka nke mpaghara ahụ site na ijide ụmụ akwụkwọ praịmarị narị atọ na iri ise n'ahịa, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị nne na nna ha manyere ka ha buru ma ree ngwongwo kama ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ. Tupu ahapụ ụmụaka ahụ, onye isi obodo ahụ dụrụ ndị mụrụ ha ọdụ ka ha jiri ohere ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ n'efu. Ndị uwe ojii na ndị ọrụ mbata nọgidere na-enwe usoro nchịkwa ókèala siri ike nke bụ isi ihe na-egbochi ịzụ ahịa na-agafe ókèala. Gọọmentị nyere ndị agha Rwanda ọzụzụ banyere mmetụta nwoke na nwanyị na mmegbu mmekọahụ tupu e tinye ha na ọrụ udo nke UN na Darfur.
Lagos State Model Junior College Meiran
Lagos State Model Junior College Meiran bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke dị na Oke Odo, n'akụkụ ugwu nke obodo Lagos, Naijiria.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Tupu afọ 2003, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke obere na nke okenye na Lagos Steeti nọ n'okpuru otu nchịkwa nchịkwa. Gọọmentị site na Ministri Mmụta nke Lagos Steeti nyere iwu ka e kewaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị niile dị na steeti ahụ na nke nta (JSS1-3) na nke okenye (SS1-3). Nke a bụ ihe dugara n'ịmepụta Lagos State Model Junior College Meiran site na Lagos State Model College Meiran (nke e guzobere na 19 Febụwarị 1988) na Jenụwarị 6, 2003. Kọleji ndị ọzọ e guzobere ọhụrụ na Lagos State ebe ndị dị na Badore, Igbonla, Kankon na Igbokuta.
Onye isi mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ e guzobere na Meiran bụ Mrs. T. D. Kuti, onye duziri ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ruo 2009.Ọ nọchiri anya ya bụ Oriakụ D. A. Adeyeye (2009 ruo 2015), Mazị A. I. Olatunde (2015 ruo 2017) na Ọ bụ Oriakụ D. A. Adeyeye (2009 ruo 2015), Maazị A. I. Olatunde (2015 ruo 2017) na Oriakụ. O. A. Oyedokun malitere na 19 Nọvemba 2017. O. A. Oyedokun nọchiri anya Mrs H. O. A, Adesanmi na 15 Julaị 2021.
A rụzigharịrị ụlọ obibi ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ n'afọ 2017.
Ihe owuwu
Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nwere ndị ọrụ a zụrụ azụ, na-enye nri, nwere ụlọ nyocha kọmputa, inye ike site na panel cell Solar (site na 20 Jenụwarị 2015), ebe obibi na klas ikuku.
5th Avenue Theatre
5th Avenue Theatre (ha na kpo kwa ya 5th Avenue ma nke 5th na onwe ya) bu ihe ukwu na àlà ebe ha na gwu na igba nkwa na iméka nor na Seattle ime Washington nor na Amerikạ. O nwèrè ihe omeme o mere nke ihe oméka na onyo-na-ga shi mgbe o meporo na oge 1926. Ulo ya na àlà bu nke Mahadum Washington mgbe ochie o so kwa ulo akwukwo nke Mahadum Washington. O na rü ka ulo ndi obia Broadway na olíle nke otụ mkpuru, nkwado ya shi ndi-aná-né-égo 5th Avenue Theatre Association. Ulo olíle, nor na uzor 1308 Uzor Ise ime ulo akiko ochie jùrù, nor na ndétu U.S. National Register of Historic Places shí 1978.
Òtù:Washington (nkeji obodo)
Njeri Luseno
Njeri Luseno nke a makwaara dị ka Njeri Osaak bụ onye Kenya na-eme ihe nkiri. Ya na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dịka Paul Onsongo na John Sibi Okumu rụkọrọ ọrụ ebe egosipụtara ya n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Kenya na ngwụcha afọ 1980 na mmalite afọ 1990.
Ndwewe language
Ndwewe bụ asụsụ Bantu nke obodo Tanzania.
Ngalula
Ngalula bụ afa nna Congolese. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna gụnyere:
Ndongo (surname)
Ndongo o bụ aha nna sitere na Africa; ọkachasị Cameroon na Equatorial Guinea.
Segun Odegbami
Patrick Olusegun Odegbami (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke iri abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Ọgọst afọ1952), nke aha ya na-agbakarị mkpụmkpụ dị ka Segun Odegbami, bụ onye amara dịka ọkachamara n'egwuregwu ịgba bọọlụ n'oge gara aga ọgbara bọọlụ dịka onye nke ihu.
Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Odegbami na 27 August 1952 na Lagos, Nigeria nye Jacob Adebola Odegbami (1911-2003) na Beatrice Bintu Abeke Odegbami (née Olotu) (1921-2018), otu n'ime ụmụ ha asaa. Nna ya bụ nwanne nne nke okenye nke onye edemede Naijiria bụ Amos Tutuola. A zụlitere Odegbami na ugwu obodo Jos, Plateau steeti yana ọtụtụ ndị ezinaụlọ ya ndị ọzọ.
Ọrụ
Odegbami meriri asọmpị iri anọ na isii ma nyekwa ndị otu mba Naijiria goolu iri abụọ na atọ bụ nke o dugara n'asọmpị iko mba Afrịka nke mbụ n'afọ 1980 n'ala nna ya. Akpọrọ aha mgbakọ na mwepụ, ọ bụ onye a ma ama maka nkà ya na bọl, ọsọ ọsọ na nkenke nke obe ya site na nku aka nri. Ọ gbaara IICC Shooting Stars nke Ibadan ọrụ ya niile, site na 1970 ruo 1984. Egwuregwu ikpeazụ ya bụ asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 1984 mmeri Zamalek nke Egypt meriri. Aha mbụ akpọrọ "Mathematical" bụ n'ihi na Segun Odegbami gara wee gụchaa na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ mbụ nke Naijiria; Polytechnic, Ibadan ebe ọ gụrụ Engineering.
Ụmụnne ya abụọ ndị ọzọ sokwa n'egwuregwu ịgba bọọlụ na ọkwa ndị ọzọ. Nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya bụ Dele Odegbami gbara bọọlụ na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ ruo ochie n'aha ụlọ akwụkwọ ya (Ebenezer Grammar School, Abeokuta), West Academicals, mahadum ya, UNN Nsukka, na nkenke maka ụlọ egwuregwu bọọlụ Lagos. Nwanne ya nwoke nke ọzọ bụ Wole Odegbami, bụkwa onye egwuregwu mba gara aga, gwuru egwu n'otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria afọ iri na otu. Ọ bụ onye odeakụkọ ugbu a na Naịjirịa.
Ndụ onwe onye
Odegbami nwere nwa nwanyị na-abụ abụ n'okpuru aha May7sen.
Ọrụ mgbe ọ gbachara bọọlụ
N'afọ 2007 Odegbami pụtara na ihe nkiri Naijiria nke akpọrọ onye chọrọ ịbụ onye nwere nde ego naira nke Frank Edoho kwadoro. Ya na Zebrudaya gbara egwuregwu maka ọrụ ebere wee nye onyinye mmeri ya na The Little Saints' Orphanage na Strong Tower Mission.
N'ọnwa Septemba nke afọ 2015, Odegbami kwuru ebumnuche ya ịzọ ọkwa onyeisi oche FIFA.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Ndị garaụlọ akwụkwọ politeknik nke ibadan Òtù:Ndị egwuregwu gbara asọmpi iko mba afrịka nke afọ 1980 Òtù:Ndị egwuregwu gbara asọmpi iko mba afrịka nke afọ 1978 Òtù:Ndi otu egwuregwu Shooting Stars S. C Òtù:Ndị otu egwuregwu si Abeokuta Òtù:Ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ Mba ụwa bụ ndị Naijirịa Òtù:Ndị otu egwuregwu bụ ndị Yoruba Òtù:Ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Naijiria Òtù:Nzukọ otu ndị n'agba ihu n'egwuregwu bọọlụ Òtù:Ndị mmeri egwuregwu nke asọmpi iko mba Afrịka Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1952
J. Martins
Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ J. Martins na Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria, ma nwee agbụrụ ezinụlọ na Ohafia, Abia Siteet.
Ndemsibia
<references group="" responsive="1"> Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ngidi
Ngidi o bụ aha nna South Africa. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna gụnyere:
Pretoria Sotho
Pretoria Taal, ma ọ bụ Pretoria Sotho (nke a na-akpọ Sepitori/S'pitori nke ndị na-ekwu ya), [1] bụ asụsụ obodo Pretoria na mpaghara Tshwane na South Africa. Ọ bụ ngwakọta nke Sepedi-Tswana na mmetụta sitere na Tsotsitaal, Afrikaans na asụsụ Bantu ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara ahụ. Ọ bụ ọtụtụ ndị isi ojii bi n'afọ ndụ niile na ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ na Tshwane na-asụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n’oge ndị mmadụ na-anọghị n’ozi, a na-ejikwa ya n’ụlọ akwụkwọ nakwa n’ememe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị mmadụ na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche. A naghị ejikarị Standard Setswana na Northern Sotho (Sepedi nọchitere anya ya) n'ụlọ akwụkwọ belụsọ na nkuzi SeTswana na Northern Sotho. Pretoria Tswana (ma ọ bụ Sepitori) na SeTswana na Northern Sotho nwere nghọta.
Ọrụ Nkwado Oge
Ọrụ Nkwado Ógè bụ sub-project nke ihu igwe, na nkwado sitere na WWF. Ọ na-agba ọsọ ihe nlereanya dị elu iji gbalịa ikpebi ókè ihe omume ihu igwe siri ike sitere na okpomọkụ ụwa nke mmadụ kpatara.
Ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị inye ọrụ ndị ọzọ, agbanyeghị na enwere mgbatị ọrụ iji nwalee usoro okpomọkụ nkè anọ n'elu oké osimiri. A ka ga-anabata ọrụ dị ugbu a ma jiri ya mee ihe màkà mmekorita na ikekwe mmezigharị nke akwụkwọ n'oge usoro nyocha.
Mgbatị ọzọ ga-amalite n'oge na-adịghị anya.
Nnyocha ndị ahụ
Abụọ ikpeazụ ga-eji otu ụdị ahụ. A na-ebugo ozi mànà nyocha nkè ozi e mepụtara amalitebeghị.
Litsea glaberrima
Litsea glaberrima bụ ụdị osisi dị na ezinụlọ Lauraceae. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Sri Lanka.
Koffi Kouao
Ọrụ klọb
Kouao mere nke mbụ ya na Segunda Liga maka Vizela na 28 Jenụwarị 2017 na egwuregwu megide Desportivo das Aves.
Nsọpụrụ
Ivory Coast U23
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
L
L, ma ọ bụ l, bụ mkpụrụedemede iri na abụọ na mkpụrụedemede Latịn, ejiri na mkpụrụedemede Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ, mkpụrụedemede nke asụsụ ndị ọzọ ọdịda anyanwụ Europe na ndị ọzọ n'ụwa niile. Aha ya na bekee bụ el (akpọrọ /ˈɛl/), plural els.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
O nwere ike ịbụ na Lamedh si na foto e ji achị ehi ma ọ bụ ihe e ji achụ ehi bịa. Ụfọdụ atụwo aro ndị ọrụ ọzụzụ atụrụ..
Ntinye ụdaolu na ụdaolu
Na transcription phonetic na phonemic, International Phonetic Alphabet na-eji Ōnlʹ iji nọchite anya alveolar approximant.
Bekee
N'asụsụ bekee, ⟨l⟩ na-anọchi anya fọnịm /l/, nke nwere ike inwe ụkpụrụ ụda dị iche iche, dabere n'olu ọkà okwu, yana ma ọ na-apụta tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe ụdaume gasịrị. N'akụkụ akụkụ alveolar (ụda nke nọchiri anya IPA site na obere obere okwu [l]) na-apụta n'ihu ụdaume, dị ka egbugbere ọnụ ma ọ bụ ngwakọta, ebe velarized alveolar lateral approximant (IPA [ɫ]) na-apụta na mgbịrịgba na mmiri ara ehi. Ikwupụta nke a anaghị eme n'ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị Europe na-eji ⟨l⟩;  ọ bụkwa ihe na-eme ka ịkpọ ⟨l⟩ sie ike nye ndị na-asụ asụsụ na-enweghị ⟨l⟩ ma ọ bụ nwee ụkpụrụ dị iche iche maka ya, dị ka Japanese ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ olumba ndịda nke Chinese. Ọnọdụ ahụike ma ọ bụ mgbochi ikwu okwu na-amachibido ịkpọ ⟨l⟩ bụ nke a maara dị ka lambdacism.
N'asụsụ Bekee, a na-ekwukarị okwu ndị dị ka ije ma ọ bụ nwere ike (ọ bụ ezie na ọnụnọ ya nwere ike ịgbanwe uru mkpụrụedemede ụdaume bu ya ụzọ), ọ na-ekwukwa okwu ndị dị na nkwụ na abụ ọma; Otú ọ dị, enwere ụfọdụ ọdịiche mpaghara.
Asụsụ ndị ọzọ
⟨l⟩ usually represents the sound or some other lateral consonant.
A na-ahụkarị akụkụ ọnụ (IPA) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, a na-anọchite anya ya na Italian, Spanish na Catalan, na Portuguese, na Latvian.
N'asụsụ Washo, mkpụrụ akwụkwọ ndị dị ala na-anọchite anya ụda [l], ebe mkpụrụ akwụkwọ ndị kasị elu na-anọchi anya ụda na-enweghị olu, dị ka okpukpu abụọ na Welsh.
Ojiji ndị ọzọ
Nọmba Roman L na-anọchite anya nọmba 50.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mkpụrụedemede L na W aghọwo meme ịntanetị, na-eguzo maka mfu na mmeri. A na-ejikarị L eme ihe na omenala a ma ama, na-ezo aka na nkọwa okwu mkparị nke onye nwe ya. Were L, n'otu n'otu, pụtara ịnakwere mmeri a.
Ụdị na ụdị dị iche iche
N'ọtụtụ mkpụrụedemede sans-serif, mkpụrụedemede dị ala, nke edere l, nwere ike isi ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpụrụedemede "anya"; na mkpụrụedemede serif ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịgbagwoju glyph l anya na glyph 1, nọmba otu. Iji zere mgbagwoju anya dị otú ahụ, ụfọdụ mkpụrụedemede kọmputa ọhụrụ (dị ka Trebuchet MS) nwere finial, curve n'aka nri na ala nke mkpụrụedemede dị ala ell.
Ụzọ ọzọ iji belata mgbagwoju anya dị otú ahụ - nke a naeji na mgbakọ na mwepụ, akara okporo ụzọ Europe na mgbasa ozi - bụ iji akara l, nke bụ ụdị mkpụrụedemede dị ala nke mkpụrụedemede "ya". Na Unicode, akara a bụ U+2113 ℓ SCRIPT SMALL L from the "letter-like symbols" block. In Japan, for example, this is the symbol for the liter. However, the International System of Units recommends using Unicode symbols U+006C l LOWERCASE L or U+004C L UPPERCASE L for the liter.
Ihe ngwọta ọzọ, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ahụ na Web typography, na-eji mkpụrụedemede serif maka mkpụrụedemede dị ala ell, dị ka l, na ederede sans-serif.
Njiko Mpuga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Dutse
References
Òtù:Nigerian state capitals Òtù:Ama ukwu nor na Naigeria 2
Lithobates Lenca
Lenca leopard frog (Lithobates lenca) bụ ụdị ezigbo frog a na-ahụ na Chortis Highlands nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Honduras na ịdị elu nke 1560 ruo 2080 m. Ọ dịla anya e chere na frog a bụ ngwakọta n'etiti ụdị abụọ dị ala Lithobates brownorum na <i id="mwFQ">Lithobatos forreri</i> ruo n'afọ 2018 mgbe nyocha DNA gosipụtara na frog agụ owuru dị n'ugwu bụ ụdị dị iche. Ha dị obere n'ibu mana ha nwere isi buru ibu karịa ụdị ala abụọ ahụ, na ndị nwoke na-eto n'etiti 46.6-64.3 mm (1.83-2.53 in) ebe ndị nwanyị na-etolite n'etiti 43.7-76.3 mm (1.72-3 in). A na-akpọ frog Lenca agụ owuru aha ndị Lenca, ndị bi n'otu mpaghara ugwu dị ka frog.
Seattle
thumb|Seattle shí ugbo mmiri Seattle bu ama ukwu di ukwu-ukwu di kwa na olile anyanwu nke kárá ama ndi ozor na Amerikạ. O bu kwa ama ka I di ukwu na Washington. Uzor Mmmiri nor na àlà di sere nse ime Puger Souns an Mmiri Washington, di 100 miles na nleda anyanwu nkeji Kánada na Amerikạ, ha kporo amaá shi áhà Ozor Seattle, nke mdo Duwamish na Suquamish. Seattle bu mkpuru ama saraasá nke Seattle-Tacoma-Bellvue, nke iri na ise di ukwu, na nke ukwu di na olile odida anyanwu. O nwere madu rúrú nde anó.
Lee nke ozo
2
Alberta Jeannette Cassell
Alberta Jeannette Cassell (nke a na-akpọkwa Alberta Jeennette Cassell Butler, Nọvemba 22, 1926 ruo Ọktoba 24, 2007) bụ onye Afrịka Amerịka na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị agha mmiri.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Alberta Jeannette Charolette Cassell na District of Columbia, nwa nwanyị nke onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Albert Cassell na onye nkuzi Martha Ann Mason. Ọ gara James Monroe Elementary School, Bannecker Junior High, na Dunbar High School, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1944. Nna ya kpebisiri ike na ụmụ ya niile ga-abụ ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ dị ka ya onwe ya, nakwa na ha ga-aga alma mater ya, Mahadum Cornell.
Cassell kwanyeere ọchịchọ nna ya ùgwù wee gaa Mahadum Cornell. N'afọ 1948, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka Amerịka abụọ mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ha nke ihe owuwu (onye nke ọzọ bụ nwanne ya nwanyị Martha Cassell Thompson). N'afọ 1947, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Cornell architecture na-enweta ihe nrite, na asọmpi mba nke American Institute of Architects kwadoro.
Ọrụ
Ruo afọ abụọ, Cassell rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nna ya, mana ọ hapụrụ mgbe ọ banyere na mmepe ụlọ. Na Mee 1951, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka injinia na-ahụ maka ihe owuwu maka Naval Research Laboratory, ruo na Mee 1961, mgbe ọ malitere ịrụ aiki dị ka onye injinia draftswoman na Military Sea Life Command. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụgbọ mmiri na United States Naval Sea Systems Command n'etiti afọ 1971 na 1982. Ọ bụ onye otu Association of Women Architects (nke Henrietta May Steinmesch guzobere), Alpha Alpha Kappa chapter.
Ndụ onwe onye
N'afọ 1950, Casell lụrụ Francis Butler, onye injinia na-arụ ọrụ na Mahadum Howard; ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Karl (amụrụ n'afọ 1951) na Mira (amụrụ 1953). Ọ lara ezumike nká n'ihi nkwarụ na 1982, na mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka, ọ malitere ide akụkọ ụmụaka ma na-etinye oge ya na foto. Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 2004, ọ nwụkwara n'afọ 2007, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ụmụ ya, The Little White Butterflies, mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, na 2012.
Ngobi
Ngobi o bụ aha nna. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna gụnyere:
Centalun
Centalun bụ nke Boehringer Ingelheim mepụtara na 1962 ma bụrụ ọgwụ psycholeptic nwere mmetụta hypnotic na sedative, site na allosteric agonism nke onye na-anabata GABAA. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'oge gara aga maka sedation na usoro nke ụwa na ụdị àlà ahụike dịka ịwa ahụ, orthopedics na gynecology na ụdị nke ụwa na ụdị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghịzi eji ya eme ihe na ahụike. N'agbanyeghị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iji ya eme ihe n'ụlọ ọgwụ, etinyeghị centalun n'ime CSA ma ya mere ọ ka na-enweghị nchịkwa dị ka ọgwụ mmegbu.
Wim Botha
Wim Botha (a mụrụ n'afọ 1974) bụ onye South Africa na-ese ihe n'oge ọhụrụ a.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Botha na Pretoria n'afọ 1974 ma bi ugbu a na Cape Town, South Africa. O tolitere n'obodo dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Pretoria. N'afọ 1996, Botha gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Pretoria na Bachelors na Visual Art. Ọ natara Helgaard Steyn Prize maka ihe banyere ọkpụkpụ n'afọ 2013, Standard Bank Young Artist Award nkè afọ 2005, na Tollman Award nkè afọ 2003.
Ọrụ
Botha achọtala mkpalite n'ihe gbasara ọrụ ya na ederede gọọmentị na ihe oyiyi okpukpe, ihe ndị na-egosi nkwenkwe, okwukwe, nlele, mmebi iwu na mgbaghara. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọ na-eji eme ihe bụ osisi a gwọrọ, akwụkwọ, acrylic enamel paint, oil paint, steel, Indian ink, bronze, paper, na marble.
Onye na-ese ihe na-akọwa; “Ọrụ m bụ usoro distillations...Ha na-anwa ibelata echiche niile na ihe ndị zuru ụwa ọnụ ruo n'echiche ha bụ isi. Inyocha n'ụzọ “intercepting variables’ and “patterns’”
Ihe ngosi
2014 Linear Perspectives - Stevenson, Cape Town
2013 PREDICATES - Galerie Jette Rudolph, Berlin
2012 Wim Botha - Stevenson, Johannesburg
2011 All Around - Galerie Jette Rudolph, Berlin Wim Botha - Stevenson, Cape Town
2009 Wim Botha: Joburg Altarpiece & Amazing Things from Other Places - Stevenson, Cape Town
2008 Wim Botha - Galerie Jette Rudolph, Berlin Wim Botha - Stevenson, Johannesburg
2007 Wim Botha: Apocalagnosia - Stevenson, Cape Town
2006 Wim Botha: Standard Bank Young Artist for Visual Art 2005 - Standard Bank Gallery,Johannesburg
2005
2003 Speculum - Stevenson, Cape Town
2014
2013 A Sculptural Premise - Stevenson, Cape Town Pophits & Alptraum - Artspace RheinMain, Offenbach The Loom of the Land - Stevenson, Johannesburg
2010
2009 Self/Not-self - Stevenson, Johannesburg
2008 Disguise: The art of attracting and deflecting attention - Stevenson, Cape Town
2007 * Politische Ikonografie - Galerie Jette Rudolph, Berlin * Summer 2007/8 - Stevenson, Cape Town * Africa Remix - Contemporary art of a continent - Johannesburg Art Gallery (JAG), Johannesburg * TRANS CAPE - contemporary African art on the move - Trans Cape Africa, Cape Town * Afterlife - Stevenson, Cape Town 2006
2004
2003
Ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi
Ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe mmetụta, ọnọdụ mati ma ọ bụmmemméomume nke nwere ike iyi gburugburu ebe obibi egwu ma ọ bụ metụta ahụike ndị mmadụ, gụnyere mmetọ na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha dịka oké ifufe na ala ọma jijiji. thumb|Pictogram mba ụwa maka ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi Ọ nwere ike ịgụnye ihe ọbụna dí otu ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke kemịkal na-egbu egbu, ihe ndị dị ndụ, ma ọ bụ ndị na-ahụ maka anụ ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke sitere na ọrụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ usoro okike, nke nwere ike imetụta ahụike nke ndị a kpughere, gụnyere mmetọ dị ka ọla dị arọ, ọgwụ ahụhụ, ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ, nsị na-egbu egbu, ụlọ ọrụ na kemịkal ụlọ.
Njirimara ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi
Ihe ize ndụ nwere ikike iji mee ka ihe ọjọọ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ha na ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụ. N'ihi nke a, njirimara ihe ize ndụ gụnyere mmepe nke ụdị echiche nke ikpughe. Ụdị echiche na-ekwurịta ụzọ na-ejikọta isi mmalite nke ihe ize ndụ nyere ndị nwere ike ikpughe). Ụlọ ọrụ United States maka ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na ndekọ ọrịa guzobere ihe ise a ga-etinye na ụdị echiche nke ikpughe:
Kemikal
Akowara ihe ize ndụ kemịkal n'ime Global Harmonized System na ụkpụrụ kemịkal nke European Union. Ihe na eweta nkeá bu kemịkal na-akpata ha na-akpata nnukwu mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Akara ahụ na-emetụta karịsịa maka ihe ndị nwere nsí mmiri. Otu ihe atụ bụ zinc oxide, ihe a na-ahụkarị na-acha uhie uhie, nke na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu na ndụ mmiri.
Ahụ
Ihe ize ndụ anụ ahụ bụ ụdị ihe ize ndụ ọrụ nke gụnyere ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke nwere ike ibute mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ na-enweghị kọntaktị. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke ihe atụ:
Biological
Ihe ize ndụ ndị dị ndụ, nke ejikwara biohazards wee mara, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị dị ndụ nke na-eyi ahụike nke ihe ndị dị ndụ egwu, ọkachasị nke ụmụ mmadụ. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye nsị ahụike ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi nke microorganism, nje ma ọ bụ nsí (site na isi iyi) nke nwere ike imetụta ahụike mmadụ. Ihe atụ gụnyere:
Ihe ize ndụ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya
Ihe ize ndụ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya gụnyere ma ọ bụghị naanị nrụgide, ime ihe ike na ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata nchekasị n'ebe ọrụ. Ná mpaghara ebe nile Ọrụ na-aba uru n'ozuzu maka ahụike uche na ọdịmma onwe onye. Ọ na-enye ndị mmadụ nhazi na ebumnuche na echiche nke njirimara.
International Union for Quaternary Research
INQUA bụ onye otu Scientific Union nke International Council for Science (ICSU). INQUA na-enwe nzukọ mba ụwa na afọ anọ ọ bụla. Nzukọ ndị a na-eje ozi dị ka nzukọ agụmakwụkwọ yana ohere maka kọmitii dị iche iche, kọmitii, na ìgwè ọrụ iji rụọ ọrụ n'onwe ha. E nwere mgbakọ ndị gara aga na Copenhagen (1928), Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) (1932), Vienna (1936), Rome (1953), Madrid (1957), Warsaw (1961), Boulder (1965), Paris (1969), Christchurch (1973), Birmingham (1977), Moscow (1982), Ottawa (1987), Beijing (1991), Berlin (1995), Durban (1999), Reno (2003), Cairns (2007), Bern (2011) na Nagoya (2015).
E mere INQUA Congress (XIX) na nso nso a na Dublin, Ireland, na July 2019. N'afọ 2023, a ga-eme nzukọ INQUA ọzọ (XXI) na Rome, Ịtali.
Mgbanwe ihu igwe
N'afọ 2007, njikọ ahụ wepụtara nkwupụta banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe nke ọ kwughachiri nkwubi okwu nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ma gbaa mba niile ume ka ha mee ihe ngwa ngwa n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na ụkpụrụ UNFCCC: "Ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ na-eme ugbu a na-eme ka ikuku nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ - gụnyere carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, na nitrous oxide - rịa elu karịa ọkwa tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.Mmụba nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka okpomọkụ rịa elu...Nghọta sayensị banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe doro anya ugbu a iji mee ka mba dị mma ime ihe ngwa ngwa....Mbelata ọnụọgụ nke carbon dioxide a na-eru n'ikuku na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka mana ọ ga-abụrịrị ihe kachasị mkpa n'ụwa niile."
Romani language
Romani (/ ˈrɒməni, ˈroʊ-/; [1] [2] [3] [4] bụkwa Romany, Romanes / ˈrɒmənɪs /, [5] Roma; Romani: rromani ćhib) bụ asụsụ Indo-Aryan nke obodo Romania. [6]  Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, ụdị Romani asaa dị iche iche nke na a na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ nke ha. Ndị kasị ukwuu n'ime ndị a bụ Vlax Romani (ihe dị ka ndị ọkà okwu 500,000), [7] Balkan Romani (600,000), [8] na Sinte Romani (300,000).[9]  Ụfọdụ obodo ndị Romania na-asụ asụsụ agwakọtara dabere na asụsụ gbara ya gburugburu nwere okwu ndị Romani ewepụtara - ndị a bụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ maara dị ka ụdị Para-Romani, karịa olu asụsụ Romani n'onwe ya.[10]
Nguesso
Nguesso o bụ aha nna. Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna gụnyere:
Ibelata akara ụkwụ
Ibelata akara ụkwụ bụ mkpọsa nkè Chọọchị England iji belata akara carbon ya.
Ọ bụ Bishọp nke London, Dr Richard Chartres na-eduzi mkpọsa ahụ ma malite ya na World Environment Day na June 2006 na oku ka ụka niile mee nyocha ike na arụmụka gbasara ike. A na-ahụ nke a dị ka nzọụkwụ mbụ iji nweta 'Ulo uka pasenti iri abụọ' na-ebelata ikuku carbon site na ọrụ, ihe owuwu na usoro Chọọchị ruo pasenti iri abụọ nke ọkwa dị ugbu a site n'afo 2050, n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na aro nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Ndepụta uhie nke IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Ndepụta uhie nke ụdị egwu egwu, nke a makwaara dị ka IUCN Ndepụta uhie ma ọ bụ Akwụkwọ data uhie, nke e guzobere na 1964, bụ ndepụta zuru oke n'ụwa nke ọnọdụ nchekwa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụdị ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ọ na eji usoro ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ iji nyochaa ihe ize ndụ nke ọtụtụ puku ụdị na ụdị. Ụkpụrụ ndị a dị mkpa maka ụdị niile na mpaghara niile nke ụwa. Site na ntọala sayensị ya siri ike, a na-amata IUCN Ndepụta uhie dị ka onye nduzi kachasị mma maka ọnọdụ nke ụdị dị iche iche. Mba ma ọ bụ òtù na emepụta usoro Ndepụta Red nke Ógbè, nke na enyocha ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ na ụdị dị iche iche n'ime otu nchịkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.
Ebumnuche nke IUCN Ndepụta uhie bụ iji mee ka ọha na eze na ndị na eme iwu mara mkpa nke nsogbu nchekwa, yana inyere ndị mba ụwa aka belata mkpochapụ ụdị. Dị ka IUCN si kwuo, ebumnuche ndị Ndepụta uhie kwuru bụ inye ozi dabere na sayensị gbasara ọnọdụ nke ụdị na ụdịdị na ọkwa ụwa, iji dọta uche na ịdị ukwuu na mkpa nke ụdị dị iche iche dị egwu, iji metụta iwu na mkpebi nke mba na nke mba ụwa, yana inye ozi iji duzie omume iji chekwaa ụdị dị iche dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.
Ndị isi na-enyocha ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere BirdLife International, Institute of Zoology (nkewa nyocha nke Zoological Society nke London), Ebe nchekwa nchekwa ụwa na ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara n'ime IUCN Kọmishọna Ịlanahụ ụdịdị (SSC). N'ozuzu, nyocha nke òtù na otu ndị a na eme ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara ụdị dị na Ndepụta uhie.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị ndị a nyochara maka Ndepụta uhie anọwo na abawanye ka oge na aga. , [imelite] nke ụdị 105,000 nyochara, a na ewere 28,338 dị ka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịla n'iyi n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ, ọkachasị igbubiga azụ ókè, ịchụ nta, na mmepe ala.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|400x400px|Pasentị nke ụdị dị n'ọtụtụ ìgwè ndị edepụtara dị ka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ndị nọ n"ihe ize ndụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-adịghị ike na 2007 IUCN Red List.
1964 Ndepụta uhie nke osisi ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ
1964 IUCN Ndepụta uhie nke osisi egwu egwu jiri usoro nyocha Ndepụta uhie nke ochie. N'ihi ya, osisi ndị edepụtara enweghị ike ịpụta na Ndepụta uhie dị ugbu a. IUCN na adụ ọdụ na ọ kachasị mma ịlele ma Ndepụta uhie n'ịntanetị na mbipụta Ndepụta uhie nke afọ 1997.
2007 ntọhapụ
Na 12 Septemba 2007, World Conservation Union (IUCN) wepụtara 2007 IUCN Ndepụta uhie nke ụdị egwu egwu. Na ntọhapụ a, ha emeela ka nkewa ha nke ma gorilla ọdịda anyanwụ (Gorilla gorilla) na gorilla Cross River (Gorila gorilla diehli) site na ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ruo ndị nọ n"ihe ize ndụ, nke bụ ụdị ikpeazụ tupu ha apụọ n'ọhịa, n'ihi nje Ebola na ịchụ nta, yana ihe ndị ọzọ. Russ Mittermeier, onye isi nke IUCN's Otu Ọkachamara Primate nke dị na Switzerland, kwuru na ụdị 16,306 nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na mkpochapụ, 188 karịa na 2006 (ngụkọta nke ụdị 41,415 na Ndepụta uhie). Ndepụta uhie gụnyere orangutan Sumatran (Pongo abelii) na ngalaba Anọ n'ihe egwu dị egwu na orangutan Bornean (Pongo pygmaeus) na ngalaba N'ihe egwu.
E wepụtara ya n'afọ 2008
A tọhapụrụ 2008 Ndepụta uhie na 6 Ọktoba 2008 na IUCN Nchekwa ụwa Congress na Barcelona ma "kwado nsogbu mkpochapụ, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime anọ [anụ mamma] nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịpụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi". Nnyocha ahụ na egosi na ọ dịkarịa ala 1,141 n'ime 5,487 anụ na enye nwa ara n'ụwa ka a maara na ha na-eyi egwu mkpochapụ, a na edekwa 836 dị ka Enweghị data.
2012 ntọhapụ
A tọhapụrụ Red List nke 2012 na 19 Julaị 2012 na Rio + 20 Nzukọ Ụwa; a gbakwunyere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị 2,000, na ụdị 4 na ndepụta ahụ na adịghịzi adị, 2 na ndepụta ahụ achọpụtara ọzọ. IUCN nyochara ngụkọta nke ụdị 63,837 nke kpughere na 19,817 nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ. A kọwara 3,947 dị ka "ndị nọ n'oké egwu" na 5,766 dị ka "n'ihe ize mmiri", ebe edepụtara ihe karịrị 10,000 ụdị dị ka "ihe na adịghị ike". N'ihe ize ndụ bụ 41% nke ụdị amphibian, 33% nke corals na ewu reef, 30% nke conifers, 25% nke anụ na enye nwa ara, na 13% nke nnụnụ. IUCN Ndepụta uhie edepụtara ụdị osisi na anụmanụ 132 sitere na India dị ka "Anọ n'ihe egwu dị egwu".
Ụdị
A na ekewa ụdị dị iche iche site na IUCN Ndepụta uhie n'ime ìgwè itoolu, akọwapụtara site na njirimara dị ka ọnụego mbelata, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, mpaghara nke nkesa ala, na ogo nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na nkesa nkesa. A na-ekwusi ike na nkwenye nke itinye ụkpụrụ ọ bụla n'ọrụ na enweghị data dị elu gụnyere ebubo na egwu ndị nwere ike ime n'ọdịnihu, "ọ bụrụhaala na enwere ike ịkwado ndị a n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya".
Na IUCN Ndepụta uhie "ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ" na agụnye ụdị nke Anọ n'ihe egwu dị egwu, N'ihe egwu na adịghị ike.
Ụdị 1994 na usoro 2001
Ndepụta nke okenye nke 1994 nwere naanị otu ụdị "Obere ihe ize ndụ" nke nwere ngalaba atọ:
N'ime usoro 2001, Na nso Egwu na Nchegbu kacha nta ghọrọ ụdị nke ha, ebe ewepụrụ Dabere na nchekwa ma jikọta ọdịnaya ya na Na nso Egwu.
O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nwụọla
A na eji mkpado nke "ma eleghị anya na adịghịzi adị" (PE) eme ihe site na Birdlife Mba ụwa, Ndepụta uhie ikike maka nnụnụ maka IUCN Ndepụta uhie. BirdLife Mba ụwa atụwo aro ka PE bụrụ mkpado gọọmentị maka ụdị dị egwu, a nabatara nke a ugbu a, yana mkpado "O nwere ike ịpụ n'anya n'ọhịa" maka ụdị nwere ndị na adị ndụ n'agbụ ma o yikarịrị ka ha ga apụ n'anya na ọhịa.
Nsụgharị
thumb|625x625px|Ịtụle ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị dị na ụdị ọ bụla nke IUCN Red List E nweela ọtụtụ nsụgharị, site na 1991, gụnyere:
Nnyocha IUCN ọhụrụ niile kemgbe afọ 2001 ejirila mbipute 3.1 nke ụdị na njirimara.
Nkatọ
Na mbipụta Nọvemba 2002 nke Trends in Ecology & Evolution, otu isiokwu tụrụ aro na IUCN Red List na ọrụ ndị yiri ya nwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi site na gọọmentị na otu ndị ọzọ na-eme ka nkwubi okwu na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ na-emetụta iji ihe onwunwe okike eme ihe.
Na mbipụta Nọvemba 2016 nke Ọganihu Sayensị, otu edemede nyocha na-ekwu na enwere nnukwu enweghị nkwekọrịta n'ụzọ IUCN si kewaa ụdị dị iche iche. Ndị na eme nchọpụta na ekwu na usoro nke IUCN nke ịhazi ihe bụ "ihe mgbe ochie, ma hapụ ohere maka imeziwanye", ma na-ekwusi ike na mkpa ọ dị mfe ịnweta ma dị mfe ịgụnye data geospatial, dị ka satellite na foto ikuku. Mkpebi ha jụrụ ọ bụghị naanị usoro IUCN kamakwa izi ezi nke ebe ụdị ụfọdụ na-ada na Ndepụta ahụ. Ha kwenyere na ijikọta data ala nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị dị iche iche dị mkpa ka a gbanwee ya na ụdị ihe ize ndụ dị elu.
Phuthi language
Phuthi bụ asụsụ Nguni Bantu a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda Lesotho na mpaghara ndị dị na South Africa dị n'akụkụ otu ókèala ahụ. Onye ikwu kacha nso nke Phuthi bụ Swati (ma ọ bụ Siswati), nke a na-asụ na Eswatini na mpaghara Mpumalanga nke South Africa. Ọ bụ ezie na enweghị mmekọrịta mmekọrịta ọha na eze ma ọ bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Phuthi bụ akụkụ asụsụ nke asụsụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Swati. Asụsụ Sesotho na Xhosa gbara ya gburugburu na-emetụta Phuthi nke ukwuu, mana ọ na-ejigide isi okwu na ụtọ asụsụ dị iche iche a na-adịghị ahụ na Xhosa ma ọ bụ Sesotho, ma chọta naanị akụkụ na Swati n'ebe ugwu.
Enwere ike ị nweta akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere na Phuthi na Bourquin (1927), mana na ntụaka ndị ọzọ oblique karịa 100 afọ site ugbu a (Ellenberger 1912). Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, edekọbeghị asụsụ a nke ọma gbasara njirimara asụsụ ya. Naanị ihe ọmụmụ dị ịrịba ama na mbụ (mana nwere data na-enweghị isi, yana echiche asụsụ nwere oke) bụ Godfrey Mzamane (1949).
Ọdịdị ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
E mere atụmatụ na ihe dị ka mmadụ 20,000 na South Africa na Lesotho na-eji Phuthi dị ka asụsụ ha, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere ike ịdị elu karịa. Enweghị data ọnụ ọgụgụ banyere ndị na-asụ Phuthi sitere na South Africa ma ọ bụ Lesotho. Asụsụ ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ezie.
A na-asụ Phuthi n'ọtụtụ (ma eleghị anya ọtụtụ) nke obodo ndị gbasasịrị n'ókè dị n'etiti ebe ugwu Eastern Cape zutere Lesotho: site na Herschel n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na mpaghara Matatiele nke ugwu ọwụwa Anyanwụ Transkei; na n'ofe ndịda Lesotho, site na Quthing na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, site na mpaghara ndịda anyanwụ nke Ugwu Moorosi, ruo n'obodo ugwu ugwu nke Qacha (Qacha's Nek).
N'ime Phuthi, enwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala mpaghara asụsụ abụọ, dabere na njirimara asụsụ: Mpapa / Daliwe vs. mpaghara ndị ọzọ niile. Nchịkọta a dabere na otu (ma ọ dị oke mkpa) akara ụdaume (ọnụnọ / enweghị egbugbere ọnụ nke abụọ). Mpapa na Daliwe (Sesotho Taleoe ) bụ obodo nta dị na ndịda Lesotho, n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Moorosi, n'okporo ụzọ ájá na-eduga na Tosing, wee gaa Mafura (n'onwe ya obodo na-asụ Phuthi), na n'ikpeazụ Mpapa / Daliwe. Ebe ndị ọzọ na-asụ asụsụ Phuthi (nke niile e nyere na orthography Sesotho) gụnyere Makoloane [makolwani] na Mosuoe [musuwe], nso Quthing, na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Lesotho; Seqoto [sińɔtɔ] (Xhosa Zingxondo, Phuthi Sigxodo [siɡńɔdɔ]); Makoae (Phuthi Magwayi) n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ; na ọtụtụ obodo nta n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Qacha's Nek. (Qacha bụ isi obodo ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Lesotho, na Qacha's Nek District). Ebe ndị na-asụ asụsụ Phuthi (ya bụ, ihe nketa) gụnyere obodo Transkei dị n'ebe ugwu nke Gcina [g /ina] (n'okporo ụzọ na-aga n'ókè Tele Bridge) na Mfingci [mfiŋ / i] (n"ofe Osimiri Tele, n'ihu Sigxodo, ihe dịka).
Akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Onye ndú Phuthi a ma ama n'akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ onye isi dị ike, Moorosi (amụrụ na 1795). O yiri ka ihe dị ka ala ndịda nke Osimiri Orange na Lesotho nke oge a na-asụ asụsụ Phuthi n'oge onye kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Basotho, Moshoeshoe I ♡ naanị afọ asaa karịa ikike Moorosi ♡ na 1830s, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ikpuchi mpaghara Lesotho nke ugbu a. Ruo 1820, e nwere naanị "obodo nta ole na ole dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Basotho, na obere ezinụlọ nke Baphut[h]i, nke Moshoeshoe gosipụtara ọchịchị a na-akọwaghị nke ọma". Ọtụtụ Phuthis, na Moorosi, nọ n'ebe ndịda Thaba Bosiu, n'ebe Ndịda Osimiri Orange, n'ụzọ Moshoeshoe.
Moorosi ga-anwụ n'ọnọdụ a na-amaghị ama na Ugwu Moorosi (Sesotho Thaba Moorosi) na 1879, mgbe ndị Britain nọchibidoro ọnwa itoolu, Boer (ya bụ. Ndị ọrụ ugbo Afrikaner) na ndị agha Basotho (gụnyere ntinye aka agha nke Cape Mounted Riflemen). A na-akpọkarị nnọchibido a "Mgbaghara Moorosi". Okwu nke kpatara nnọchibido ahụ bụ ebubo ohi anụ ụlọ na mpaghara Herschel. Mgbe nnọchibido ahụ gasịrị, ndị Phuthi gbasara n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ebe ndịda Lesotho na mpaghara Transkei nke dị n'ebe ugwu, iji gbanahụ mmeri nke ndị na-achị ala. Ọ bụ n'ihi nke a, a na-eche, na obodo nta Phuthi (gụnyere Mpapa, Daliwe, Hlaela, Mosifa na Mafurańall n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Moorosi, na Lesotho) na-ahụkarị na mpaghara ugwu dị otú ahụ, nke ndị si n'èzí nwere ike ịnweta naanị nnukwu isi ike). [citation needed]
Mgbe nnọchibido nke "nnupụisi Moorosi" gasịrị, e jidere ọtụtụ ndị Phuthi, ma manye ha iwu àkwà mmiri ahụ (ugbu a, àkwà ụgbọ mmiri ochie) na Aliwal North nke gafere Senqu (Orange River). Tupu 1879, o yiri ka a na-ewere Moorosi n'ụzọ ụfọdụ dị ka onye na-asọmpi na-eyi egwu na Chief Moshoeshoe I. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-anọchite anya ya ugbu a na gọọmentị Lesotho na Maseru, mgbe nnupụisi nke 1879 gasịrị, ndị Phuthi na-apụ n'anya site na akụkọ mere eme nke Lesotho na Eastern Cape nke oge a. [citation needed]
Nchịkọta
Phuthi bụ asụsụ Bantu, n'ụzọ doro anya n'ime mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ S (cf. Guthrie 1967 na 1971). Mana n'ime ndịda Afrịka, a na-ele Phuthi anya dị ka asụsụ Nguni ma ọ bụ asụsụ Sothozwana, n'ihi ọkwa dị elu nke ngwakọta gosipụtara na usoro niile nke ụtọ asụsụ (lexicon, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax). [citation needed]
Mana Phuthi na-ejikọta ya na Zulu, Hlubi, Xhosa, ugwu na ndịda Ndebele, na Swati n'ezie asụsụ Nguni. Ya mere, a ga-agụnye ya na otu S.40 n'ime mpaghara S, na-agbaso nhazi Guthrie. Ọzọkwa, n'inye ọnụọgụ nke okwu, ụdaolu na ọbụna mmetụta ụdaolu dị ala nke yiri ka ọ na-ekerịta fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị Swati, enwere ike ịhazi Phuthi n'enweghị mgbagha dị ka asụsụ Tekela Nguni, ya bụ, na akụkụ nke Nguni nke gụnyere Swati, ụfọdụ nsụgharị nke Southern Ndebele, na asụsụ ndị fọdụrụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Cape, Bhaca na Hlubi. [citation needed]
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke oge a na ọdịdị nke Phuthi na-akwado nkwupụta ọkọlọtọ (dịka. Godfrey Mzamane 1949) na Phuthi na-egosipụta njikọ siri ike na mmetụta dị larịị site na ogologo oge ya na Sesotho (maka oge ma eleghị anya karịa narị afọ atọ). Enwere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọkwa dị elu nke 'lexical doublets' maka ọtụtụ ihe, maka ọtụtụ ndị ọkà okwu, dịka -ciga "iche echiche" (Nguni-isi iyi), na -nakana "iche echiche' (Sesotho-isi iyi). Ntinye aha klas Phuthi fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị CV- (ya bụ, ha na-agbaso ọdịdị ụdaume Sesotho, ọ bụghị ọdịdị Nguni VCV- n'ozuzu). [citation needed]
E nwere ụdaume abụọ superclose, nke a na-ahụkwa n'asụsụ Sesotho. Na orthography Phuthi, a na-egosi ha na circumflex diacritic, ya mere: Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Nguni
Nguni bu nwere ike izo aka na:
NECOM House
300x300px
Mo Abudu
Mosunmola Abudu, onye a na-akpọkarị Mo Abudu, bụ onye mgbasa ozi nke Naijiria, àgwà mgbasa ozi, ọrụ ebere, na onye na-ahụ maka nhazi akụ na ụba mmadụ. Nwanyi Forbes kowara ya dika "Nwanyi kacha enwe ọganihu n' Afrika."
Mbido ndụ na mmụta
A mụrụ Abudu na Hammersmith, West London. O biri na UK na mgbe ọ na-etolite. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Ridgeway, MidKent College na West Kent College. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta na Human Resource Management site na Mahadum Westminster na London.
EbonyLife TV
N'afọ 2006, Abudu bidoro EbonyLife TV, ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri na-egosi n'ihe karịrị mba 49 n'ofe Afrika, yana UK na Caribbean. Ọ bụ ntinye akwụkwọ nke Media na Entertainment City Africa (MEC Africa), EbonyLife TV dị na Tinapa Resort, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Na Machị 2018, Sony Pictures Television (SPT) kwupụtara na ha emechaala nkwekọrịta afọ atọ ha na EbonyLife TV nke ga-agụnye mmekorita nke The Dahomey Warriors, usoro banyere Amazons bụ ndị weghaara ndị ọchịchị France na narị afọ iri na itoolu n' ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba Afrika.
EbonyLife Films
Abudu guzobere EbonyLife Films. Ihe nkiri mbụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Fifty. Mgbe ya na ndi The ELFIKE Collective' rụkọtara ọrụ na 2016, ọ mepụtara The Wedding Party , nke ghọrọ ihe nkiri kachasi iweta ego na Film ndi Nigeria( Nollywood ).
Moments with Mo
Abudu bụ Onye Mmepụta, onye Nlekọta na onye na-eme ihe ngosi nke okwu TV, Moments with Mo, nke bụ ihe ngosi okwu izizi kwa ụbọchị na telivishọn ndi di na mpaghara Africa. áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px| Abudu ya na onye odeakwụkwọ nke United States, Hillary Clinton Ka ọ na-erule Ọktọba afọ 2009, edeela ihe karịrị narị amaokwu abụọ ma na-egosipụta isi okwu sitere na ụdị ndụ, site na ahụike, ọdịnala, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ntụrụndụ, ọdịnala, na egwu agbụrụ na agbụrụ agbụrụ. Ndị bịaranụ gụnyere ndị a ma ama, ndị isi, Nobel Laureates na onye odeakwụkwọ nke onye isi ọhụụ nke United States Hillary Clinton, Abudu kwuru na ihe ngosi ahụ na-egosi ndụ na arụmọrụ nke onye ama ama, mana oge ụfọdụ onye anaghị ahụ maka onye Africa bụ onye ma ọ bụ ike ya na mkpebi siri ike ya arụpụtala ihe, merie ihe maọbụ bụrụ ihe na - achọta ihe na - eme ya onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe nlereanya nye ndị ọzọ.
Egosiri ya na M-Net tinyere ngosi ya na TV di na mba anọ na asatọ (48) dị n' Africa, ihe ngosi ahụ na-ekwukwa ugbu a na televishọn n'akụkụ mba ndị ọzọ n'ụwa.
Ọganiihu ihe ngosi ahụ na ebumnuche ịgbanwere echiche ụwa banyere kọntinenti Afrika emeela ka atụnyere Oprah Winfrey, ya na The Independent na Slate Afrique na- akpọ ya "Africa's Oprah" ma ọ bụ "Nigerian Winfrey", n'otu n'otu.
The Debaters
Abudu bụ onye okike na onye nrụpụta ihe nkiri nke The Debaters, ihe ngosi telivishọn n'ezie. Nke ndi Guaranty Trust Bank nyere ya, ọ pụtara na 3 Ọktoba 2009. Ihe ngosi a lekwasịrị anya "inye Africa olu" site na ịkwalite oratory.
Mmezu
Forbes Africa ghọtara Abudu dị ka nwanyị Africa mbụ nke nwere Channel Pan-Africa (2013). Edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 25 kacha ike na Global TV nke The Hollywood Reporter gosipụtara na (2013) wee nweta ntinye aka nke Women Werk na New York (2014) dika onye azụmahia kachasi. N'afọ 2014, enyere ya ugwu Dọkịta Humane Letters (Honouris Causa) nke Mahadum Babcock wee. N'afọ 2019, e nyere ya MIPTV nke 2019 Médailles d'Honneur, na Cannes, France, mee ya onye mbụ n' Africa ịbụ onye natara nturu ugo na-akwanyere ugwu a. Ka emechara n’afọ ahụ, akpọpụtara Abudu ka edepụtara ya na 2020 Powerlist, na ndepụta Top 100 nke ndị mmadụ kachasị emetụta na UK sitere na agbụrụ Africa / African-Carribean.
Ndụ onwe onye
Abudu bi na Lagos. Ọ nwere ụmụ abụọ; nwa nwoke na nwa nwanyi. ma di ya bụbu Tokunbo Abudu.
Njikọ ndi ọzọ
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Ndi na-eme Film n'ala Yoroba Òtù:21st-century businesswomen Òtù:Ndi bekee sitere na Naijiria
Ndụ onwe onye
Mo Abudu bi na Lagos .O nwere nwa nwoke na nwa nwanyị. ma bụrụkwa nwunye Tokunbo Abudu.
N'Ọktoba 2021, Onye nta akụkọ Hollywood kpọrọ ya aha n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị 20 kachasị ike na ntụrụndụ zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Mo Abudu na Hammersmith, West London .Nna ya bụ onye injinia, ọ nwụrụ na 1975.Nne ya bụ onye na -eri nri .Mkpọrọgwụ ezinụlọ Mo dị na Ondo Town, na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Nigeria.Ọ bụ ya bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ.Mo kwagara Nigeria na 7 ka ya na nne na nna nna ya biri wee laghachi England mgbe ọ dị afọ 11.
Agụmakwụkwọ
Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Ridgeway, MidKent College na West Kent College .O nwere nzere Masters na Human Resource Management na Mahadum Westminster na London .Ọ bụ onye otu British Psychological Society nwere ntozu n'ule ọrụ na ụdị mmadụ.
Na 2014, a na-asọpụrụ ya na Dọkịta nke Akwụkwọ Ozi Humane ( Honouris Causa ) sitere na Mahadum Babcock. Mahadum Westminster nyere Abudu nzere doctorate na 2018 maka ntinye aka ya na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na Nigeria.
Na 2018, Mahadum Westminster nyere Mo nzere nkwanye ugwu nke Dọkịta nke Arts.
Nkwanye ugwu
Forbes Africa ghọtara Abudu dị ka nwanyị Africa mbụ nwere ọwa TV Pan-Africa (2013). Edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 25 kachasị ike na Global TV site na Hollywood Reporter na 2013 wee nata onyinye nturu ugo nke onye ọchụnta ego nke Women Werk na New York (2014).
A họpụtara Abudu ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Advisory Group on Technology and Creatively for Nigeria. A họpụtara Abudu ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, bụ ọgbakọ na-ahụ maka inye onyinye nturu ugo Emmy International. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mechara họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke 47th International Emmy Awards Gala, nke emere na New York na Mọnde 25 Nọvemba 2019.Ọ bụ onye Afrịka mbụ nwetara ọrụ a.
Akpọrọ ya aha na listi ike 2018, ndepụta kwa afọ nke UK kacha 100 ndị kacha emetụta ihe nketa Africa na Caribbean.A họpụtara Abudu ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Advisory Group on Technology and Creatively for Nigeria na 2018 kwa.
Na 2019, e nyere ya MIPTV's 2019 Médailles d'Honneur, na Cannes, France, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye Africa mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onye nnata nke ihe nrite a ma ama.Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, a mara ọkwa Abudu ka edepụtara ya na 2020 Powerlist, na-edepụta Top 100 nke ndị kacha nwee mmetụta na UK nke agbụrụ Africa/African-Caribbean. E gosipụtara ya n'akwụkwọ dị peeji 493, Greatest Blacks Ever: Top 100 Blacks Who Changed the World for Peace.Ọganihu.Ọganihu.Obi ụtọ.Obi ụtọ.
A ga-enye Mo Abudu ihe nrite 2019 Médailles d'Honneur na Cannes na Marche International des Programs de Television (MIPTV). Ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ 4 nwetara ihe nrite, nke ọ ga-enweta n'April 2019. Mo Abudu bụ onye na-anọchite anya Creative Artists Agency (CAA).
Akwaeke Emezi
Akwaeke Emezi bụ onye Naijiria na-ede akụkọ ifo na onye na-ese vidio, nke a maara nke ọma maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ha Freshwater, Pet, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ha kacha ere ahịa na ew York Times Death nke Vivek Oji. Emezi bụ onye na-ede akụkọ ifo, ịhụnanya, ncheta na uri maka ndị na-eto eto na ndị okenye nwere ọtụtụ isiokwu LGBT. Ọrụ ha emeela ka ha nweta ọtụtụ onyinye na nhọpụta gụnyere Otherwise Award na Commonwealth Short Story Prize. N'afọ 2021, TIME gosipụtara ha dị ka Onye Ndú Ọgbọ Ọzọ.
Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Akwaeke Emezi na Umuahia n'afọ 1987 site na nna ya bụ onye Igbo Naijiria, na nne ya bụ nwa nwanyị nke ndị mbịarambịa Sri Lanka bi na Malaysia, Emezi tolitere na Aba. Emezi malitere ịgụ akwụkwọ efu ma ya na nwanne ha nwanyị Yagazie jiri akụkọ gbanahụ ọgba aghara, ọchịchị aka ike, na eziokwu dị ize ndụ nke nwata ha. Emezi bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ "na-anụ ọkụ n'obi" n'oge ọ bụ nwata ma ha malitere ide obere akụkọ mgbe ha dị afọ ise.
Emezi kwagara Appalachia, United States mgbe ha dị afọ iri na isii ịga kọleji ma nwee nkewa mbụ ha. Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum, ha debara aha ha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ anụ ụlọ ma hapụ tupu ha enweta MPA ha na Mahadum New York. Emezi malitere obere oge blọọgụ mmekọahụ a na-amaghị aha ya na blọọgụ ntutu isi nke nyere ha obere nkwanye ùgwù. N'afọ 2014, ha banyere na M.F.A. creative-writing program na Syracuse ebe ha malitere ide akwụkwọ mbụ ha bụ Freshwater mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ha gara ọmụmụ ihe edemede Naịjirịa na Lagos.
Ọrụ
Akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi nke Emezi bụ Freshwater na-akọ akụkọ ọkara nke onye isi, Ada, onye bụ ogbanje (mmụọ ọjọọ nke Igbo). Emezi na-enyocha ihe nketa Igbo ha nke ime mmụọ na nwoke na nwanyị n'akụkụ ndị nke ọdịda anyanwụ ma na-akpọ ndị na-ege ha ntị ka ha chee echiche nke ọma banyere mmụọ / ahụ a.
Mmiri dị ọcha nwetara otuto dị egwu ma depụta ya maka ọtụtụ onyinye a ma ama. A makwaara Emezi dị ka 2018 National Book Foundation "5 Under 35" honoree.
N'afọ 2019, a họpụtara Freshwater maka Women's Prize for Fiction - nke mbụ a họpụtara onye edemede transgender na-abụghị nke abụọ maka ihe nrite ahụ. Onye ọka ikpe na-ahụ maka ihe nrite ụmụ nwanyị bụ Prọfesọ Kate Williams kwuru na ndị otu ahụ amaghị na Emezi abụghị onye abụọ mgbe a họọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ, mana o kwuru na Emezi nwere obi ụtọ na a họpụtara ya. Onye na-abụghị onye na-ekwu okwu abụọ bụ Vic Parsons dere na nhọpụta ahụ welitere ajụjụ ndị na-adịghị mma, na-ajụ, sị: "ọ ga-edepụta onye edemede na-abụghị nke abụọ nke e kenyere nwoke mgbe a mụrụ ya ogologo oge? Enwere m obi abụọ na ya nke ukwuu. " Mgbe nhọpụta ahụ gasịrị, a mara ọkwa na Women's Prize Trust na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nduzi ọhụrụ maka ndị transgender, ndị na-abụghị nke abụọ, na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ genderfluid. Ihe nrite ụmụ nwanyị mechara rịọ maka "mmekọahụ Emezi dị ka iwu si kọwaa" mgbe ọ na-enyefe Ọnwụ Vivek Oji maka itinye ya, Emezi wee họrọ ịpụ, na-akpọ ihe a chọrọ transphobic na kpọmkwem iche nye ụmụ nwanyị trans.