cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sarah Jibrin
Ndụ
Jibrin guzoro dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi onye isi ala nke ime obi otu People's Democratic Party na mbido afọ Puku abụọ na iri na otu (2011), mana ọ jisiri ike nweta otu votu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya 5000.
Jibrin jere ozi dịka onye ndụmọdụ pụrụiche maka ụkpụrụ omume na ụkpụrụ nye Onye isi ala Goodluck Jonathan.
Ọ bụ obere oge onyeisi oche nke Otu party Justice Must Prevail Party (JMPP), nke e guzobere na afọ puku abụọ na iri na asaa (2017). Na ọnwa June afọ puku abụọ na iri na asatọ (2018) o so na ndị isi JMPP ṅụrụ iyi ọha megide mpụ na arụrụ ala.
A kpọbatara ya na Ụlọ Nzukọ Ama na National Center for Women Development.
Ntụaka
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọnwụ
Ọnwụ bụ njedebe nke ọrụ niile dị mkpa na-akwado ihe dị ndụ.
Sammy Oziti
Ọrụ egwuregwu
Sammy Oziti bidoro ịgba mgba n'afọ 1998. Oge nke mbụ o sonyere na egwuregwu Africa bụ n'afọ 2003 na Abuja. Na emume a, o meriri ma nwee ihe nrite ọla edo mgbe o meriri onye ya na ya gbara mgba, onye obodo Tunisia nke aha ya bụ Bejaoui, Nour El Houda. N'afọ sochirinụ, o sonyere n'egwuregwu asọmpi maka ntozu ịga Olympics mana ọ gbatara onye nke itoolu.
Na afọ 2005, Sammy gbara asọmpi mbụ ya na Commonwealth Wrestling Championship na Stellenbosch, South Africa. Ọ gbatara onye nke abụọ wee nweta ihe nrite ọla ọcha, onye ya na ya sọrọmpi ahụ bụ Meena onye si India.
N'egwuregwu ịgba mgba nke Afrịka n'afọ 2006, o meriri ma nweta ihe nrite ọla edo mgbe o meriri Feten, Ghanmi na mmemme nke 48kg n'arọ nke emere na Pretoria, South Afrịka. N'afọ sochirinụ, o sonyekwara ọzọ n'otu asọmpi ahụ wee bata dịka onye nke abụọ mgbe Sambou, Isabella si Senegal gbara onye nke mbu. O nwetakwara ihe nrite ọla ọcha na Egwuregwu Afrịka nke emere n'afọ ahụ na Algeir. N'afọ 2008, Sammy sonyere n'asọmpi ịgba mgba nke Afrịka ọzọ ebe o mechara nweta nrite ọla ọcha ọzọ site na mmemme nke 48kg n'arọ.
Na afọ 2010, ọ bara asọmpi ọzọ wee merie ma rite ọla ọcha. Na asọmpi Afrịka nke afọ 2011 na 2012, Sammy nwetara nzere ọla kọpa abụọ. Mmeri ya na afọ 2012 dugara ya isonye na Asọmpi Olimpik ebe ọ nwetara ọkwa nke atọ na asọmpi nke 48kg n'arọ.
Na afọ 2013, ọ sonyere na asọmpi Commonwealth nke emere na Johannesburg, RSA. Ọ gbatara onye nke abụọ mgbe Nirmala Devi si India meriri ya. Ha gbara aka na ihe mmeme nke 48kg n'arọ Sammy weere ihe nrite ọla ọcha.
Ntụrụaka
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Edward Clark (artist)
Edward (Ed) Clark (ubochí isii n'ọnwa Mée, 1926 rụo ụbọchị irí na asatọ n'ọnwa Oktọba, 2019) bụ onye na-ese ihe na-adịghị ahụ anya nke a maara maka brushstrokes ya sara mbara, dị ike, ụcha na-egbuke egbuke na nnukwu ihe osise. Onye Africa-America, a maghị ya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka onye isi nke oge a ruo mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ afọ iri asaa, n'oge ọ malitere iji ákwà a kpụrụ akpụ na ịpị akwa kwa ụbọchị iji mepụta ọrụ nka dị egwu.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Ed Clark ubochí isii n'ọnwa Mee, 1926, na mpaghara Storyville nke New Orleans, Louisiana, nke Edward na Merion (Hutchinson) Clark. Mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa, ezinụlọ ahụ si Baton Rouge, Louisiana, kwaga Chicago. Nna ya, onye na-agba chaa chaa, bụ ónyé na-enye ihe na-enweghị ntụkwasị obi. Ezinụlọ ahụ, gụnyere nwanne nwanyị nke obere, Shirley, bụ nne na ndị ikwu kwadoro ya. Merion Clark, ónyé ji okpukpe kpọrọ Merion Clark zigara nwa ya nwoke n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Roman Katọlik, ebe ndị nọn hụrụ na nwata nwoke ahụ nwere nkà maka ise ihe ma gbaa ya ume ịmepụta nka okpukpe na klas.
N'afọ 1944, n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Ed Clark dị afọ iri na asaá hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị wee sonye na ndị agha ụgbọelu US, na-eje ozi n'ikpeazụ na otu ndị isi ojii niile na Guam e weghachitere ọhụrụ. Mgbè ọ hapụrụ ndị agha na 1946 ma ghara ịkwadebe maka mahadum, o kpebiri iji GI Bill of Rights stipends debanye aha na klas abalị na School of the Art Institute of Chicago, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Louis Ritman na Helen Gardner. N'afọ 1952, ebe ọ ka nwèrè uru ndị agha gara aga, ọ kwagara Paris iji mụọ na prestigious Académie de la Grande Chaumière n'okpuru Edouard Goerg.
Nkwado, nzaghachi nkatọ
N'ime iri afọ mbụ ya na Paris na New York, Ed Clark pụtara dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe, nke ndị ọgbọ ya nwèrè mmasị na ya ma a maghị ya n'ọtụtụ ebe. Nkwupụta sara mbara malitere n'afọ ndị 1980, mgbè nkatọ ARTnews tụrụ ya n'anya na nkwupụta ya, na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nka Corinne Robins kpọrọ ya onye America nke ógè a. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ruo na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu, karịsịa mgbe ihe ngosi nyocha na Art Institute nke Chicago na 2013, na a ghọtara ya dị ka onye ndu na ọgbọ nke abụọ nke ndị na-eme ihe ngosi. E nyere ya n'afọ ahụ na Art Institute of Chicago's Legends and Legacy Award, iji kwado ihe ọ kpọrọ "ihe osise ndị ọsụ ụzọ". Malite na 2019, ụlọ ọrụ Swiss gallery Hauser & Wirth nọchitere anya ọrụ Ed Clark n'ụwa niile.
Ndụ onwe onye
Alụmdi na nwunye anọ nke ya na Muriel Nelson, Lola Owens, Hedy Durham na Liping Alụ gbara alụkwaghịm. Ya na Durham nwere nwa nwanyị, Melanca Clark, naanị nwa ya. Clark gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ Whitten n'ezoghị ọnụ banyere mmekọrịta ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị: ụmụ nwanyị na-amasị m mgbe niile. Ụmụ nwanyị mara mma. Onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na New York Times n'afọ 2014 kọwara onye na-ese ihe dị ka ike nke okike, ihe dị mkpa ma na-adọrọ mmasị, ihe omimi na ihe rụrụ arụ.
Ebe ndebe ihe ochie na nchịkọta
A na-etinye ihe osise Ed Clark na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke The Art Institute of Chicago; Detroit Institute of Arts; Studio Museum dị na Harlem, New York; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Museum of Modern Art, New New York; Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington, D.C.; California Afro-American Museum, Los Angeles; Kresge Art Museum na Mahadum Florida State, East Lansing, Michigan, Michigan, New York City City, New York Art, New Jersey; James E. Lewis Museum of New York, New York Museum of Art Art, New Art, New City, New Jersey, New York York, New Art Art, Baltimore; Museum of New Art, Baltimore, New York.
Laboratory nke sayensị ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi
The Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE, Laboratory Sciences Climate na Environment) bụ ụlọ nyocha màkà ọmụmụ nkè ihu igwe na ọkachasị mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ bụ akụkụ nkè Institute Pierre Simon Laplace, ma dị na campus na L'Orme des Merisiers na Gif sur Yvette.
Òtù ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro nkè Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ma gụnye ndị na-emepụta ihe na glaciology, mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ na nyocha ikuku.
Ezigbo ulo uka Jesu
“Ezigbo ulo uka Jesu wu ulo uka no ruro onwe ya nke bidoro na Beijing, na obodo China na afo 1917. Ta, ulo uka nwere otutu ndi nzuko na uwa nile nke onugugo ha kariri abua na ukara mputu nari na nari. Ulo uka bu ndi otu natara Mmuo nso bu ndi guzoro re na mbido afo Puku abuo (ma-obukwa Ohu Nari afo). Nzuka na asopuru aha Jesu kari a ato nime out nke nzuko ndi uzo kwenyere na. Ebum na obi ulo nzuka bu egba sa ozioma di ka edere ya na akwukwo nso na elu uwa nile ru mgbe Jesu Kristi ga abi nke abu a”
Nke mbu, Mmuo Nso
“ I na ta Mmuo Nso, di ka ikwu okwu na olu ozo, nke gosiri nke ta ala eze nke eluigwe”
Nke abu a, Baptism
“I'wu mmiri nso bu ihe ha n'eme i wefu nso ndi madu mere na I weputa ya na uwa madu. Ihe ha na'eji a'wu mmiri nso bu mmiri dika mmiri Iyi, Imo na oshi mmiri. Onye ha n'awu miri nso he wu'kwara nyawa miri nso. Mgbe ha na wu miri na onye ha na wu miri nso, o kweshiri i wucha ahu ya nile na miri na ihu ya kweshiri ne le ala.”
Nke ato, Isa Ukwu
“I sa uku ne'ye madu uzor I weturu ihe ntakiri di ka Jesus. O kwa na'eme ndi madu echeta na ha kweshiri i bu ndi oma. Ndi madu nile ha wuru miri nso kweshiri I nwe onye na sa uku ya na aha Jesus Christ.”
Nke ano, Oriri Nso
“Oriri nso bu sacrement nke eji echeta onwu nke onye nwanyi bu Jisọs Kraịst.”
Nke isi, Jesu Kristi
“Jesu Kristi, wu okwu nke wuru onu ahu, nwu na elu obe maka nzoputa nke ndi mmehie, we bi lie na ubochi nke ato we gba go na elu igwe. Obu na ni ya bu onye Nzoputa nke mmadu, onye Okike elu igwe na elu uwa ya na ezigbo Chi.”
Nke isa, Akwukwo Nso
“Akwukwo Nso nke agbo ochie na agbo ohuru bu nke edere site na ntuzi aka Chineke, so ya bu ezikwu nke na ejiko obibi ndu oma nke ndi na eso uzo Christ na ebi.”
Nke Isato, Nzoputa
“Nzoputa si na amara Chineke na i nwe okwukwe. Ndi kwere ekwe ga atu kwa si Mmo Nso obi na icho idi nso, ikwa nyere Chineke ugwu na ihu mmadu na anya.”
Nke Iri, Ikpe ikpazu
“O bi bia onye nwanyi nke abua ga abu na ubochi ikpeazu, mgbe oga esi na elu igwe bia ikpe uwa ikpe: ndi ezi omume ga enwe ndu ebi ebi, ma ndi ajo omume ga ana to ugwo oru ha.”
Lee nke ozo
Òtù:Éféfé
Ìgwè Balaton
Balaton Group (The International Network of Resource Information Centers) bụ netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ndị nchọpụta na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị metụtara usoro na nkwado. Aha "Balaton Group" na-ezo aka na mpaghara Lake Balaton nke Hungary, ebe e guzobere otu ahụ na mbụ, na ebe ọtụtụ nzukọ kwa afọ nke otu ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ. Balaton Group na-ezube ime ka nghọta zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere usoro, echiche ogologo oge na mkpebi iji nweta mgbanwe dị mma. Òtù ahụ kwenyere na ihe ndị a bụ isi maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.
Mmalite ya
Ọ bụ Dennis Meadows na Donella Meadows, bụ ndị a maara nke ọma dị ka ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na Jørgen Randers, na William W. Behrens III nke akwụkwọ 1972 The Limits to Growth (nke Club of Rome nyere iwu), guzobere Balaton Group na 1982. Nzukọ mbụ nke Balaton Group bụ nke Lake Balaton mere na Hungary n'afọ 1982. Ọ kpọkọtara ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị njikwa 30 sitere na ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa, dị ka Mahadum United Nations, UNESCO, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, na International Federation of Institutes for Advance Study, iji nyochaa ọnọdụ nke nka nke ihe okike na ịchọpụta ụzọ isi kwalite echiche na omume nke njikwa akụ mpaghara. Kemgbe nzukọ mbụ ya, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị sonyere 400 sitere na mba 40 esonyewo na otu ahụ. Ndị otu Balaton Group bụ naanị site na ịkpọ òkù ma bụrụ ndị a kpọrọ ka ha gaa ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu nzukọ kwa afọ. Nzukọ kwa afọ ahụ, n'aka nke ya, bụ naanị ihe dị ka mmadụ 50. Ego na-abịa site na ndị otu n'onwe ha, onyinye na enyemaka site na ntọala na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Ndị otu Balaton enweghị ndị ọrụ oge niile ma ọ bụ ohere ọfịs, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-ahazi otu ahụ. E debanyere aha otu ahụ na US, mana ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu ya na ọrụ ya nọ na Europe na Eshia.
Nsonaazụ ya
Ọtụtụ echiche na ọrụ nkwado sitere na usoro nzukọ Balaton Group, gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ arụmọrụ ike na mmemme iwu ike ifufe na Denmark na 1980s; mmepe na mgbasa nke ngalaba na-apụta na-egosi nkwado na 1990s; na nguzobe ma ọ bụ mgbasawanye nke ọtụtụ NGO na ebe ọzụzụ maka nkwado na 1990es. Ndị otu Balaton Group emepụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị a maara dị ka "Reports to the Balaton Group". Otu n'ime akụkọ ndị a bụ Donella H. Meadows Indicators and Information Systems for Sustainable Development site na 1998.
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Ụwa
World Park Base bụ ụlọ ọrụ Antarctic naabụghị nke gọọmentị nafọ niile nke dị na Cape Evans na Ross Island na Ross Dependency. Òtù naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba ụwa bụ Greenpeace guzobere World Park Base na 1987 iji mee ka ọchịchọ ya maka mba Antarctic Treaty ikwupụta kọntinent Antarctica dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ ụwa. Nke a gaeme ka kọntinent ahụ dum ghara inwe ike iji ya eme ihe na mmetọ, ma kwe ka ọ bụrụ naanị nyocha sayensị. Greenpeace mechiri ma kwatuo ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kpamkpam na 1992.
Omumee gọọmentị dị netiti mba Antarctic Treaty bụ na a gaeleghara World Park Base anya na enweghị enyemaka ọ bụla enyere ya, ọ bụ ezie na New Zealand, nke naekwu na ikike maka Ross Dependency (n'agbanyeghị na nkwupụta mpaghara niile dị nokpuru Antarctic Treaty), gaara enye aka ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ naeyi ndụ egwu bilitere.
Spain
Spain bu obodo nor ime alạ Europe.
Monica Mutsvangwa
Monica Mutsvangwa bụ Minista Ozi, Mgbasa Ozi na Ọrụ Mgbasa ozi nke Zimbabwe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na gọọmentị Robert Mugabe na gọọmentị Emmerson Mnangagwa.
Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nkeZimbabwe kemgbe afọ 2002 mgbe ọ gbara ọsọ dị ka onye kansụl na ntuli aka ime obodo nke Harare. Ọ nwere njikọ na Zanu-PF. N'ọchịchị Robert Mugabe, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote minista nke ozi, mgbasa ozi na mgbasa ozi na osote minisita Macro-Economic Planning and Investment Promotion.
Ebenside
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ana Dogon
Ana Dogon, ma ọ bụ Ana Tiŋa, bụ asụsụ Dogon a chọtara na nso nso a a na-asụ na Mali. Roger Blench kọrọ ya na ntanetị na 2005 nke mbụ.
Mgbasa Ozi Ụmụ Anụmanụ na Network Nnyocha Mbelata
Netwọk nchọcha gbasara anụ ụlọ na mbelata bụ netwọk nyocha mba ụwa nke lekwasịrị ányà n'imeziwanye nghọta nkè gas na-ekpo ọkụ site na ọrụ ugbo.
E guzobere ya n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2007.
Chioma Wogu
Success Chioma Wogu (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 28 n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1999) bụ nwafọ Naijiria na=agbara ndị FC Minsk bọọlụ na Belarusian Premier League. Ọ na-apụtakwa maka egwuregwu Nigeria women's national football team na Naijiria. Ọ pụtra mdụ ị gba bọọlụ na Africa Women Cup of Nations mgbe ọ dị afọ 17.
Ọrụ
Wogu bụ onye kachasị nye goolu (goolu isii) n'otu Confluence Queens na asọmpi 2014 Nigeria Women Premier League, bụ nke mbụ ya ị pụta n'asọmpi ahụ. N’egwuregwu 2017 Nigeria Women Premier League n’etiti Rivers Angels na Heartland Queens, Wogu nyere goolu mere ka ndị Rivers Angels jidesie ọkwa a ike. Mgbe o gosipụtara ọmarịcha egwuregwu n'ụlọ, Wogu tufuru ohere nke butere ngwụcha mmeri egwuregwu iri nke ndị Rivers Angels.
Agbanyeghị na o so na egwuregwu maka Naịjirịa ị banye n'asọmpi 2014 African Women's Championship, onye isi nchịkwa, Edwin Okon wepụrụ Wogu n'akwụkwọ aha nke ikpeazụ. Agbanyeghị, n'agba nke afọ 2016, o so ndị otu egwuregwu, na-enye aka site na benchi na egwuregwu mbụ ya na Mali.
Qatayef
Okwu mmalite
Okwu Arabic qaṭaːyif (Arabic) sitere na mgbọrọgwụ Semitic q-ṭ-f, nke pụtara iburu ma ọ bụ iburu.
Mmalite
E kwenyere na Qatayef sitere na Fatimid. Ụfọdụ kwenyere na qatayef bụ okike nke Dynasty Fatimid, Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ihe mere eme ha malitere na Abbasid Caliphate, 750-1258 OA. A kpọtụrụ Qatayef aha na narị afọ nke iri nke Arabic cookbook malitere na Abbasid Caliphate site na Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq nke a na-akpọ Kitab al-Ṭabīī (Arabic:, The Book of Dishes). Nawal Nasrallah mechara sụgharịa akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru aha Annals of the Caliphs' Kitchens. Ihe eji eme ihe ọdịnala nke Qatayef dị ka o doro anya n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nri Arabic nke oge ochie bụ almond na shuga, ozugbo a na-etinye pancake, a ga-esi ya na mmanụ walnut ma ọ bụ sie ya n'ọkụ. Ọ bụ ndị na-ere ahịa n'okporo ámá nakwa ezinụlọ ndị dị na Levant na obodo Ijipt kwadebere Qatayef. A na-ejikarị chiiz akkawi, walnuts a pịrị apị, yana pistachios a pịrị pị. A na-ejikwa ihe dị iche iche, dị ka Nutella, mee ihe.
Ihe odide
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Environmental engineering
thumb|Environmental engineering Injinia gburugburu bụ ọkachamara injinia metụtara sayensị gburugburu. Ọ na-agụnye isiokwu sayensị sara mbara dị ka kemistri, bayoloji, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, na mgbakọ na mwepụ iji mepụta ngwọta nke ga-echebe ma kwalitekwa ahụike nke ihe ndị dị ndụ ma melite ogo gburugburu ebe obibi. Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ngalaba ntụzịaka nke injinịa obodo na injinịa kemịkalụ. N'akụkụ nke injinia obodo, injinia gburugburu na-elekwasị anya na Sanitary Engineering.
Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na-etinye ụkpụrụ sayensị na injinịa iji kwalite na idobe gburugburu ebe obibi iji chekwaa ahụike mmadụ, chedo gburugburu ebe obibi bara uru, yana kwalite nkwalite gburugburu ebe obibi nke ogo ndụ mmadụ. Ndị injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na-echepụta ihe ngwọta maka njikwa mmiri mkpofu, njikwa mmiri na ikuku ikuku, imegharị ihe, mkpofu ahịhịa, na ahụike ọha. Ha na-ahazi usoro inye mmiri nke obodo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ma chepụta atụmatụ iji gbochie ọrịa ndị na-ebute mmiri na imeziwanye ịdị ọcha n'ime obodo, ime obodo na ebe ntụrụndụ. Ha na-enyocha usoro nlekọta ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ iji nyochaa ịdị njọ nke ihe egwu dị otú ahụ, nye ndụmọdụ maka ọgwụgwọ na njide, ma mepụta ụkpụrụ iji gbochie ihe ọjọọ. Ha na-emejuputa iwu injinịa gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka n'ịtụle mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ owuwu a tụrụ aro.
Ndị injinia na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyocha mmetụta ọganihu teknụzụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ekwu maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ụwa dịka mmiri ozuzo acid, okpomọkụ ụwa, njedebe ozone, mmetọ mmiri na mmetọ ikuku site na ikuku ụgbọala na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Ọtụtụ ikike na-etinye ikikere na ndebanye aha maka ndị injinia gburugburu ebe obibi ruru eru.
Etymology
Akụkụ nke abụọ nke okwu ahụ bụ injinia gburugburu ebe obibi sitere na mgbọrọgwụ Latin wee jiri ya na narị afọ nke 14 French dị ka engignour, nke pụtara onye na-arụ injinia ndị agha dị ka trebuchets, harquebuses, longbows, cannons, catapults, ballistas, stirrups, armor yana ndị ọzọ. mgbochi egbu egbu ma ọ bụ bellicose. E jighị okwu ahụ engineer mee ihe n'ọrụ ọha na eze ruo na narị afọ nke 16; ma eleghị anya ọ banyere n'asụsụ obodo a ma ama dị ka onye na-atụgharị ọrụ ọha n'oge John Smeaton.
Mmepeanya oge ochie
Site na 4000 ruo 2000 T.O.A., ọtụtụ mmepeanya nwere usoro mmiri mmiri na ụfọdụ nwere ụlọ idebe ihe ọcha, gụnyere Alaeze Ukwu Mesopotemia, Mohenjo-Daro, Egypt, Crete, na Orkney Islands dị na Scotland. Ndị Gris nwekwara ọwa mmiri na mmiri mmiri ndị na-eji mmiri ozuzo na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na-agba mmiri na fatịlaịza n'ubi.
E wuru ọwa mmiri mbụ e nwere na Rom n’afọ 312 T.O.A., ma site n’ebe ahụ, ha gara n’ihu na-arụ ọwa mmiri maka ịgba mmiri na mmiri dị n’obodo ukwu n’oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo. Ha rụkwara usoro ọwa mmiri dị n’okpuru ala malite na narị afọ nke asaa T.O.A. nke dabara n'Osimiri Tiber, na-eme ka apịtị apịtị na-emepụta ala ubi yana iwepụ nsị n'obodo ahụ.
Oge Ọgbara Ọhụrụ
A hụrụ obere mgbanwe site na ọdịda Rome ruo na narị afọ nke 19, bụ ebe mgbanwe na-eme ka mbọ na-abawanye na-elekwasị anya na ahụike ọha. Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi ọgbara ọhụrụ malitere na London n'etiti narị afọ nke 19 mgbe Joseph Bazalgette haziri sistemu nsị mmiri mbụ na-esochi Great Stink. Usoro ọwa mmiri nke obodo ahụ na-ebufe nsị mmiri na-asọba n'Osimiri Thames, bụ́ nke nyekwara ọtụtụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ n'obodo ahụ, nke butere ọrịa ọgbụgbọ ọgbụgbọ. Iwebata ọgwụgwọ mmiri ọñụñụ na ọgwụgwọ nsị na mba ndị mepere emepe belatara ọrịa ndị na-ebute mmiri site n'ihe ndị na-ebute ọnwụ gaa na ụkọ.
Ogige ahụ pụtara dị ka ọzụzụ agụmakwụkwọ dị iche n'etiti narị afọ nke 20 na nzaghachi maka nchegbu ọha na eze gbasara mmiri na mmetọ ikuku na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ. Ka ọha mmadụ na nkà na ụzụ na-esiwanye ike, ha na-emepụta mmetụta ndị a na-atụghị anya ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Otu ihe atụ bụ itinye DDT ọgwụ pesticide n'ebe nile iji chịkwaa ụmụ ahụhụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbo n'afọ ndị sochiri Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Akụkọ banyere DDT dị ka akọwara nke ọma na Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962) ka a na-ewere dị ka ọmụmụ nke mmegharị gburugburu ebe obibi nke oge a, nke butere ngalaba ọgbara ọhụrụ nke "environmental engineering."
Mmụta
Ọtụtụ mahadum na-enye mmemme injinịa gburugburu ebe obibi site na ngalaba nke injinịa obodo ma ọ bụ injinịa kemịkalụ yana tinyekwara ọrụ eletrọnịkị iji zụlite na ịhazi ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị injinia na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mmemme injinia obodo na-elekwasịkarị anya na hydrology, njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri, bioremediation, na imepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na mmiri mkpofu. Ndị injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na mmemme injinịa kemịkalụ na-elekwasị anya na kemịkalụ gburugburu ebe obibi, teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ ikuku na mmiri dị elu, na usoro nkewa. Ụfọdụ ngalaba nke injinịa gburugburu gụnyere injinia akụrụngwa sitere n'okike na injinịa ugbo.
Ihe ọmụmụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-adaba na klas ole na ole sara mbara:
Usoro mmụta
Isiokwu ndị a mejupụtara usoro mmụta dị na injinia gburugburu ebe obibi:
Mass Balance
Tụlee kemịkalụ nwoke mere nke anyị chọrọ ịchọta akara aka ya n'ihe metụtara oge, ọnọdụ, akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ihe, ma ọ bụ nrube nke mmiri mmiri. Anyị na-anọchi anya mgbanwe atụpụtara na ntinye uche dị ka ọrụ nke ọnụego mgbanwe niile na-emetụta ihe na-eme ka ihe kemịkal dị.
Nke pụtara na maka ụfọdụ olu njikwa, mgbanwe nke itinye uche na mgbanwe na oge kwụụrụ onwe ahịrị kwụ ọtọ na nchikota mgbanwe ọ bụla na-eme na (+) na pụta(-) nke olu njikwa ahụ. A na-anabata nke a n'ihi ihe ole na ole dị iche iche:
(3) E nwere ihe ngwọta.
Ọ bụ ezie na nha nhata dị iche iche nwere ike ịdị egwu, usoro a maka mgbanwe na ntinye uche maka olu njikwa kwa oge na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu ọbụna na-enweghị mgbako. Were ihe atụ a na-ahụkarị maka tankị nwere olu nwere ihe mmetọ nke ụfọdụ itinye uche. Nyere na enwere mmeghachi omume nke mbụ -kC na-ewere ọnọdụ na tank ahụ na-eguzosi ike n'ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-aghọ ihe ngosi nke ntinye uche mbụ, mmeghachi omume na-adịgide adịgide k, na oge njigide hydraulic (HRT) nke hà nhata nke quotient. nke olu nke tank site na eruba.
Mmiri na ọgwụgwọ
Ndị injinia na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyocha nguzozi nke mmiri n'ime mmiri mmiri ma chọpụta mmiri dị na mmiri dị, mmiri dị mkpa maka mkpa dị iche iche na mmiri mmiri ahụ, usoro oge nke oge nke mmiri na-aga site na mmiri mmiri na ha na-emepụta usoro iji chekwaa, na-emeso, na-ebuga mmiri maka ojiji dị iche iche. .
A na-edozi mmiri iji nweta ebumnobi dị mma nke mmiri maka njedebe njedebe. N'ihe banyere mmiri a na-aṅụ mmanya, a na-edozi mmiri iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke mgbasa ọrịa na-efe efe, ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa na-adịghị efe efe, na ịmepụta ụtọ mmiri dị ụtọ. A haziri ma wuo usoro nkesa mmiri iji nye nrụgide mmiri zuru oke na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-asọpụta iji gboo mkpa dị iche iche nke ndị ọrụ njedebe dị ka iji ụlọ, nkwụsị ọkụ, na ịgba mmiri.
Nlekọta mmiri mkpofu
áká_èkpè|thumb|220x220px|Ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi nsị, [[Ostraliya|Australia]] Enwere ọtụtụ teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu. Ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-edozi mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri nwere ike ịgụnye usoro nkọwa bụ isi iji wepụ ihe siri ike na nke na-ese n'elu mmiri, usoro ọgwụgwọ nke abụọ nke nwere basin ikuku na-esote ya na flocculation na sedimentation ma ọ bụ usoro sludge na-arụ ọrụ na nkọwa nke abụọ, usoro mwepụ nitrogen biological tertiary, na usoro disinfection ikpeazụ. Sistemụ sludge na-arụ ọrụ ikuku na-ewepụ ihe ndị dị ndụ site na nje bacteria na-eto eto (sludge na-arụ ọrụ). Ihe nkọwa nke abụọ na-ewepụ sludge na-arụ ọrụ na mmiri. Usoro nke atọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-agụnye n'ihi ụgwọ, na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị iji wepụ nitrogen na phosphorus na iji kpochapụ mmiri tupu awụpụ na mmiri mmiri dị n'elu ma ọ bụ ọdịda oké osimiri.
Nchịkwa mmetọ ikuku
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ewepụtala ụdị mgbasasa mmetọ ikuku iji nyochaa mkpokọta ihe na-emetọ ihe n'ebe onye na-anabata ya ma ọ bụ mmetụta dị n'ogo ikuku n'ozuzu ya sitere na iyuzucha ụgbọ ala yana mkpokọ ikuku gas. Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ubi a na-ekpuchi ọchịchọ nke ibelata carbon dioxide na ikuku gas ndị ọzọ na-esi na combustion usoro.
Nnyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ibelata
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Mmetọ mmiri Ndị injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na-etinye ụkpụrụ sayensị na injinịa iji nyochaa ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ na ịdịmma mmiri, ogo ikuku, ogo ebe obibi, ahịhịa na anụ ọhịa, ikike ọrụ ugbo, okporo ụzọ, gburugburu ebe obibi na mkpọtụ. Ọ bụrụ na a na-atụ anya mmetụta, ha na-emepụta usoro mbelata iji belata ma ọ bụ gbochie mmetụta ndị dị otú ahụ. Otu ihe atụ nke ihe mbelata ga-abụ ịmepụta ala mmiri na ebe dị nso iji belata ndochi nke ala mmiri dị mkpa maka mmepe okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịmegharị okporo ụzọ ahụ.
Na United States, a malitere omume nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi na Jenụwarị 1, 1970, ụbọchị dị irè nke National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Kemgbe ahụ, ihe karịrị 100 mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe na ndị mepere emepe ahaziwo kpọmkwem iwu ndị yiri ya ma ọ bụ nakweere usoro e ji mee ihe n'ebe ọzọ. NEPA dị na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti etiti niile na United States.
Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị injinia gburugburu ebe obibi iji dozie isi okwu. Otu akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọrụ EPA bụ ichekwa na melite ikuku, mmiri na mkpokọta gburugburu ebe obibi iji zere ma ọ bụ ibelata nsonaazụ nke mmetụta ọjọọ.
Ubi uhie
thumb|Ubi na-acha ọbara ọbara n'akụkụ Stade ([[Jémanị|Germany)]] thumb|Bauxite, ore aluminum (Hérault department, [[France). Agba na-acha uhie uhie bụ n'ihi iron oxides nke mejupụtara akụkụ bụ isi nke apịtị na-acha ọbara ọbara.]] Ubi uhie, nke a na-akpọkarị ihe fọdụrụ na bauxite ugbu a, bụ ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-emepụta n'oge nhazi nke bauxite n'ime alumina site na iji usoro Bayer. O nwere ihe dị iche iche oxide compounds, gụnyere iron oxides nke na-enye ya ụcha ọbara ọbara. Ihe karịrị pasenti iri itoolu nke alumina a na-emepụta n'ụwa niile bụ site na usoro Bayer; maka tọn ọ bụla nke alumina mepụtara, a na-arụkwa ihe dịka 1 ruo 1.5 tọn apịtị na-acha ọbara ọbara. Mmepụta kwa afọ nke alumina n'afọ 2020 bụ ihe karịrị nde tọn Otu narị na iri atọ na atọ nke mere ka ọgbọ nke ihe karịrị nde ton otu narị na iri asaa na ise nke apịtị na-acha ọbara ọbara.
N'ihi mmepụta dị elu a na nnukwu alkalinity nke ihe ahụ, ọ bụrụ na echekwaghị ya nke ọma, ọ nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihi ya, a na-etinye mgbalị dị ukwuu n'ịchọta ụzọ ka mma maka nchekwa nchekwa na imeso ya dịka mmezi ihe mkpofu iji mepụta ihe bara uru maka simenti na simenti.
N'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, a makwaara ihe a dị ka tailings bauxite, red sludge, ma ọ bụ alumina refinery residues.
Mmepụta
Apịtị na-acha uhie uhie bụ akụkụ nke usoro Bayer, ụzọ bụ isi na-edozi bauxite na-aga alumina. Alumina na-esi na ya pụta bụ akụrụngwa maka imepụta aluminom site na usoro Hall-Héroult. Otu osisi bauxite na-emepụta otu ugboro ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ nke apịtị na-acha ọbara ọbara karịa alumina. Ọnụ ọgụgụ a dabere na ụdị bauxite eji eme ihe na usoro nhazi na ọnọdụ mwepụta.
Ihe karịrị ọrụ mmepụta iri gafee ụwa na-eji usoro Bayer eme alumina site na ore bauxite. A na-egwupụta ore Bauxite, na-emekarị na ebe a na-egbutu, ma nyefee ya na ụlọ nrụpụta alumina maka nhazi. A na-ewepụta alumina site na iji sodium hydroxide n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide dị elu. A na-ewepụ akụkụ na-adịghị agwakọta nke bauxite (ihe fọdụrụ), na-eme ka ihe ngwọta nke sodium aluminate, nke a na-akụzi ya na kristal aluminum hydroxide ma kwe ka ọ jụọ oyi nke na-eme gore aluminum hydroxyde fọdụrụ na-agbapụta site na ngwọta ahụ. A na-eji ụfọdụ n'ime aluminum hydroxide mee ihe iji kụọ mkpụrụ nke ọzọ, ebe a na-eme ka ihe fọdụrụ (na-ekpo ọkụ) n'elu 1000 °C na rotary kilns ma ọ bụ fluid flash calciners iji mepụta aluminum oxide (alumina).
Ihe alumina nke bauxite eji eme ihe na-adịkarị n'etiti 42 na 50%, mana enwere ike iji ihe ndị nwere ọtụtụ ihe dị na alumina. Ngwakọta aluminum nwere ike ịdị dị ka gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) ma ọ bụ diaspore (α-AlOManOH)). Ihe fọdụrụnụ na-enwekarị oke iron oxide nke na-enye ngwaahịa ahụ ụcha uhie. Obere ihe fọdụrụ na sodium hydroxide eji eme ihe na usoro ahụ na-anọgide na ihe fọdụ, na-eme ka ihe ahụ nwee pH / alkalinity dị elu, na-abụkarị >12. A na-ewebata usoro dị iche iche na usoro nkewa siri ike / mmiri iji megharịa sodium hydroxide dị ka o kwere mee site na ihe fọdụrụ azụ n'ime usoro Bayer iji mee ka usoro ahụ dị irè dị ka o nwere ike ma belata mmepụta mmepụta. Nke a na-ebelata alkalinity ikpeazụ nke ihe fọdụrụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ma dị nchebe iji jikwaa ma chekwaa.
Ihe ndị dị n'ime ya
Ihe mejupụtara apịtị uhie bụ ngwakọta nke oxides siri ike na ọla. Agba uhie na-esite na iron oxides, nke nwere ike ịgụnye ihe ruru 60% nke oke. ApH dị oke mkpa na pH sitere na iri ruo iri na atọ. Na mgbakwunye na ígwè, ihe ndị ọzọ na-achịkwa gụnyere silica, ihe ndị fọdụrụ na aluminum, na titanium oxide.
Ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe fọdụrụ mgbe ewepụchara akụkụ aluminum bụ metallic oxides na-enweghị ike ịgbasa. Pasentị nke oxides ndị a sitere na otu alumina refinery ga-adabere na ogo na ọdịdị nke ore bauxite na ọnọdụ mwepụta. Tebụlụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi usoro nhazi maka kemịkalụ nkịtị, mana ụkpụrụ dị iche iche dị iche iche:: N'ụzọ mineralogy, ihe ndị dị ugbu a bụ: N'ozuzu, ihe mejupụtara nke ihe fọdụrụ na-egosipụta nke ihe ndị na-abụghị aluminum, ma e wezụga akụkụ nke silicon: crystalline silica (quartz) agaghị emeghachi omume ma ụfọdụ n'ime silica dị ugbu a, nke a na-akpọkarị, silica reactive, ga-emeghachi omume. n'okpuru ọnọdụ mmịpụta ma na-etolite sodium aluminom silicate yana ogige ndị ọzọ metụtara ya.
Ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi
Mgbapụta nke apịtị na-acha ọbara ọbara nwere ike ịbụ ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi alkalinity ya na ụdị ya.
N'afọ 1972, ụlọ ọrụ Montedison nke Ịtali wepụtara apịtị na-acha ọbara ọbara n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Corsica. Ikpe a dị mkpa na iwu mba ụwa na-achịkwa Oké Osimiri Mediterenian.
N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2010, a tọhapụrụ ihe dị ka otu nde cubic mita nke ụrọ na-acha ọbara ọbara site na ụlọ ọrụ alumina dị nso na Kolontár na Hungary n'amaghị ama n'ime ime obodo gbara ya gburugburu na ihe mberede ụlọ ọrụ alumine Ajka, na-egbu mmadụ iri ma na-emetọ nnukwu mpaghara. A na-ekwu na apịtị na-acha ọbara ọbara "gburu" ndụ niile dị n'osimiri Marcal, n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole apịtị ahụ ruru Danube. Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ogologo oge nke nsị ahụ dị obere mgbe gọọmentị Hungary gbasịrị mgbalị mgbochi € 127.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Finding Hubby
Ịchọta Di bụ ihe nkiri ihunanya nke afọ 2020 nke Femi Ogunsanwo duziri yana Kehinde Bankole, Munachi Abii, Ade Laoye, na Omowunmi Dada. Ọ bụ mmegharị ihuenyo nke usoro blọgụ nke Tunde Leye dere.
Ibé
Ịchọta Di na-akọ akụkọ Oyin Clegg, nwanyị dị afọ iri ato n'ise na -alụbeghị dị na ndị enyi ya ka ha na-achọ ụzọ ha ga-esi achọta ndị di ha n'obodo Lagos, Nigeria.
Mmepụta na mwepụta
Ịchọta Di sitere na usoro blọgụ nke Tunde Leye dere nke ebipụtara n'etiti Eprel na Septemba n'afo 2012. E wepụtara ya na sinima ndị Naijiria na 4 Disemba n'afo 2020. E wepụtara ya na Netflix na 9 Julaị n'afo 2021.
Nabata
Otu onye nkatọ Nollywood kọwara Ịchọta Di dị ka "ihe nkiri na -eji akọ ihe ọtụtụ nrụgide nke ndị okenye na -eto eto bi na ya na agabiga." Onye nyocha ihe nkiri, Martin Cid nyere ya akara 4 n'ime iri.
Njikọ mpụga
Finding Hubby at IMDb
Sarah E. Goode
A mụrụ Goode dị ka Sarah Elisabeth Jacobs nafo otú pụkụ narị asatọ na iri ịse na ise na Toledo, Ohio, n'otu afọ ahụ ewepụtara Iwu ịgba ohu. Sarah Goode bụ nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ asaa nke Oliver na Harriet Jacobs, ha abụọ a kọwara n'akwụkwọ ndekọta ọha dịka mulattos. Oliver Jacobs, onye Indiana bụ onye ọkwá nkà. Mgbe agha obodo biri, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Chicago, Illinois ebe Sarah zutere ma lụọ Archibald "Archie" Goode, onye sitere na Wise County, Virginia ; ha amụrụ ụmụ isii, nke atọ n'ime ha ga-adị ndụ ruo ntozu okè. Archie kọwara onwe ya na ndekọ dị ka onye na-ewu steepụ na onye na- ebuli elu; Sarah mepere ụlọ ahịa arịa ụlọ.
Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium
Ama egwuregwu nke akpọrọ Adokiye Amiesimaka bụ ámá egwuregwu a na-eji eme ọtụtụ ihe na Port Harcourt, Naịjirịa Ọ dị na nsọtụ ugwu obodo ahụ na mpaghara Omagwa. Ama egwuregwu ahụ nwere ikike ịbanye mmadụ puku iri atọ na asatọ. .
Sarah E. Goode
Sarah Goode chepụtara akwa kabinet mpịachi nke na-enyere ndị bi n'ụlọ fachiri afachi aka iji nwe ohere ha nwere nke ọma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma. N'oge ọ mepụtara, ụlọ na New York City na-agbasawanye elu, ma ọ ghọrọ ihe mgbochi nafo otú pụkụ narị asatọ na iri asatọ na ise mgbe New York City kwadoro iwu nke gbochiri ụlọ ka ọ dị n'okpuru ịrị asatọ ụkwụ, maka ịlụso ụlọ azụmahịa dị ogologo. Ụlọ ndị a na-adọkpụ na-enwekarị akara ukwu nke ịrị abụọ na ise ụkwụ na otu narị ụkwụ. Na gburugburu ndị a, ọ bụla square ụkwụ dị mkpa, na ichekwa ohere dị mkpa. Goode nụrụ nsogbu a site n'aka ndị ahịa nke ụlọ ahịa arịa ụlọ ya dị na Chicago, wee malite ime ihe ngwọta. Enwere ike ịgbakọ akwa akwa Goode, ọ dịkwa ka tebụl, nwere ọnụ ụlọ maka nchekwa. Ọ natara patent maka ya n'onwa Julaị 14, n'afọ otú pụkụ narị asatọ na iri asatọ na ise, ma nye nọmba patent #322,177. Ihe mepụtara ya bụ ihe ga-ebute ihe ndina Murphy, nke e nwetara ikike n'afọ otú pụkụ na narị iteghete. Ebumnobi ya bụ ime ka ịdị arọ nke mpịakọta ihe ndina ahụ guzozie ike ka ọ dị mfe ibuli ya, mpịakọta na mkpughe na idobe ihe ndina dị n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla ka mgbe ọ na-apịaji ihe ndina ọ ga-anọ n'ọnọdụ ya. O nyere nkwado mgbakwunye n'etiti ihe ndina mgbe ọ pụtara.
Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium
Ọ mepere na ụbọchị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015 site na egwuregwu dị n'etiti Naịjirịa na Kongo maka ntozu asọmpi Rio Olympics nke ndị Naịjirịa nwere mmeri akara 2-1 megide ndị Congo.
Sarah E. Goode
Goode anwụ Eprel 8, n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na ise.
Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium
Ka emechara n'ọnwa ahụ, ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa Dolphins kwupụtara na ha ga agba bọọlụ ha fọdụrụ n'afọ 2015 n'ámá egwuregwu ahụ.
Sarah E. Goode
Ihe nrụpụta akwa mpịaji
Ụfọdụ akụkọ na-ekwu na Sarah E. Goode bụ nwaanyị mbụ Afrika-Amerika nwetara patent United States. Isiokwu ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na nke mbụ bụ Judy Reed bụ onye mepụtara igwe na-egweri mgwakota agwa na Miriam Benjamin, bụ onye mepụtara oche nkwari akụ iji gosi maka ọrụ onye nlekọta.
Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium
Site na site n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na ise ruo ụbọchị iri abụọ na asaa na ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2019, ejiri ámá egwuregwu ahụ eme ihe ngosi nke were ụbọchị atọ nke akpọrọ, Nzukọ Ndụ Elu nke sitere na aka Pastọ Chris Oyakhilome. Ama egwuregwu ahụ juputara na ozuzu oke ya na puku kwuru puku mmadụ nọdụrụ ala n'etiti ebe ahụ maka ihe omume a. Ama egwuregwu a na -eje ozi dị ka ebe obibi Rivers United klọb.
Sarah E. Goode
Ihe nrụpụta akwa mpịaji
Ikike ahụ bụ maka akwa mpịaji nke ga-abụ ihe mmalite na akwa Murphy. Ọ bụ akwa kabinet nke gbadara n'ime tebụl mpịakọta nke nwere ngalaba maka ihe eji ede ihe na ngwa akwụkwọ.
Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium
Ntụrụaka
Òtù:Ama egwuregwu Naijiria
Sarah E. Goode
Ihe nketa
N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na abụọ Sarah E. Goode STEM Academy (nke a na-akpọbu Southwest Area High School project) ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị lekwasịrị anya sayensị na mgbakọ na mwepụ ka e meghere na nsọpụrụ ya n'akụkụ ndịda Chicago. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Chicago Public Schools Urban Model High School (UMHS).
Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ lekwasịrị anya na sayensị, teknologi, injinịa, na mgbakọ na mwepụ iji nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka ịkwado maka ọrụ n'ọdịnihu. Enwere mmekorita ya na IBM na-agba ụmụ akwụkwọ ume ka ha gụchaa na asambodo ụlọ ọrụ na afọ abụọ nke nzere mahadum. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ na-enwetakwa ndị nkuzi ọkachamara na ọzụzụ.
Carbon Clear
Carbon Clear bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nkwado. Carbon Clear bụ onye guzobere International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance (ICROA).
Carbon Clear bụ nke EcoAct Group nwetara na 2017.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'afọ 2005, ọkachamara na-ahụ maka ike na-adịgide adịgide Jamal Gore na onye ọchụnta ego Mark Chadwick mepụtara Carbon Clear. Kemgbe ahụ, ahịa maka ọrụ nchịkwa nkwado etolitela n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwe onwe ha na nke ọha na eze iji belata gas ha na-ekpo ọkụ, na nzaghachi maka iwu mgbanwe ihu igwe ọhụrụ na mkpa maka ime ihe afọ ofufo.
Isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị na London, UK, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ ugbu a na United States, Spain, France na Turkey. Ọ bụ ENDS Report nabatara ya na 2008 dị ka Quality Offset Provider.
Ọrụ na ngwaahịa
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enyekwa ọrụ ndụmọdụ maka òtù ndị ga-agbaso iwu gụnyere UK Government's CRC Energy Efficiency Legislation, Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme, Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting na EU Emissions Trading Scheme.
Songs of Nigeria Festival
Emume Songs of Nigeria Festival (SONIFES) bụ emume a na-eme na Naijiria bụ nke chọrọ ịkwalite ụdịdị dị iche iche dị na omenala Naijiria wee na-akwalite ịdị n'otu udo n'etiti ndị Naijiria site na nka na mmemme omenala ndị ọzọ.
2018 Edition of Songs of Nigeria Festival
Ihe ngosi 2018 nke Songs of Nigeria Festival (SONIFES) mere na Tọzdee, Nọvemba 15, 2018 na Shehu Yar'Adua center na Abuja, Nigeria. Ememme a gosipụtara ọtụtụ ndị ama ama na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, ụfọdụ ndị ama ama bụ ndị mere emume mmemme gụnyere: odeakwụkwọ gọọmentị etiti (SGF), Boss Mustapha na nwunye onye isi ndị agha mbụ bụ Victoria Aguiyi. -Ironsi nọ na ndokwa ikwu okwu na 2018 mbipụta nke Ememme. Onye ode akwụkwọ nchịkwa nke SONIFES, Chuks Akamadu mekwara ka a mara na mbipụta 2018 nke mmemme a bu n'obi ileba anya n'ịdị n'otu n'ụdị dị iche iche, ya mere isiokwu ya bụ 'Ịmepụta mma nke ụdị dị iche iche anyị
Ụlọ ọrụ Seven Up Bottling nwekwara obi ụtọ ịbụ onye nkwado nke 2018 nke Songs of Nigeria Festival (SONIFES) dịka ha gosipụtara obi ụtọ ha n'ịkwado mmemme ọ bụla na-akwalite omenala Nigeria dị iche iche.
Sa'adatu Modibbo Kawu
Sa'adatu Modibbo Kawu bụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ Mahadum, Sayensị na Nkà na Ụzụ, Kwara Steeti, Naijiria, a họpụtara site n'aka Gọvanọ bụ Abdulrazaq  Abdulrahman
Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
N'afọ 1997 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara akụnụba na Usmanu Danfodiyo Mahadum Sokoto. Wee nweta Masters ya na Business Administration  dị na Mahadum ilorin
Ọrụ
kpochụ ọgw,ọ ọnwa iji gbanwee agụmakwụkwọ na steeti ahụ.
Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ lụrụ onye bụbu director-General nke National Broadcasting Commission Ishaq Modibbo Kawu. O nwere ụmụ ise.
Kingston
thumb thumb Kingston bu ama ukwu nor na ime ọbọdọ Jamaikạ. O bu ama ukwu kachara ívu na Jamaikạ.
Sa'adatu Modibbo Kawu
Ntụaka
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kingston
Òtù:Jamaikạ
Charles Soludo
Charles Chukwuma Soludo CFR (// (na-ege ntị); amụrụ ya ka mkpụrụ ụbọchị dị niri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1960) Ọ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ akụ, na prọfesọ akụ na ụba nke jere ozi dị ka gọvanọ nke Anambra Steeti kemgbe Machị 2022. Ọ bụbu gọvanọ na onye isi oche nke ndị nduzi nke Central Bank of Nigeria. A họpụtara ya dị ka gọvanọ ụlọ akụ ahụ ka ọnwa Mee nọ na mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụo na itolu n'afọ 2004.
Soludo bụ onye otu British Department for International Development's,otu na enye ndụmọdụ n'ụwa nile yana otu onye  n'ime otu na enye President Buhari  ndụmọdụ n'ihe gbasara akụ n'ụba (Presidential Economic Advisory Committee).
Ebe ndị Ọ rụrụ Ọrụ
Soludo abụwo onye ọkà mmụta na abịarute abịarute na International Monetary Fund, Mahadum Cambridge, Brookings Institution, Mahadum Warwick, na Mahadum Oxford yana prọfesọ na abịarute abịarute na Swarthmore College (USA). Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa, gụnyere Ụlọ Akụ̀ Ụwa, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, na United Nations Development Programme. Soludo bụ onye isi ọkachamara na azụmahịa nke macroeconomics. O nwetara nzere atọ ya wee bụrụ prọfesọ na Mahadum Naịjirịa dị na Nsukka, Enugu Steeti. Soludo gụsịrị akwụkwọ wee jiri nzere ukwuu First Class Honours degree wee pụta n'afọ 1984, MSc Economics n'afọ 1987, na PhD n'afọ1989, Ọ nwetere ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka nwa akwụkwọ kachasị mara akwụkwọ na nzere atọ niile. Òtù:1960 births Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Fred J. Eckert
Fred James Eckert [1] (amuru May 6, 1941) bu onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America na onye nnọchi anya onye jere ozi dị ka onye otu United States oflọ nnọchite anya sitere na mpaghara ọgbakọ ọgbakọ 30th New York maka otu okwu. Eckert bụ enyi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ronald Reagan, bụbu onye nnọchiteanya US na Fiji, Tonga, Kiribati, na Tuvalu.
.Eckert gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka onye omebe iwu steeti mgbe Onye isi ala Ronald Reagan họpụtara ya onye nnọchi anya US na Fiji. N'ọnọdụ ahụ, Eckert jikwaa mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Tonga, Kiribati, na Tuvalu. Eckert na Reagan abụrụla enyi afọ ole na ole gara aga mgbe Eckert bụ naanị onye ọrụ New York State Republican kwadoro Reagan mgbe ọ gbara Onye isi ala Gerald Ford aka na 1976 Republican Party president primaries.[1] Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nje Korona
Nje Korona bụ ụmụ nje nke na-ebute ụmụ ọrịa dị iche iche tụmadị n'ụmụ anụmanụ nakwa nnụnụ. Na mmadụ, nje korona na-ebute ihe ndi bekee kpọrọ respiratory tract infections nke nwere ike ịmalite dika obere ọria nkịtị wee ruo na-ịgbu mmadụ ọnwụọ. Obere ọria ndi a gụnyere oyi (bụ nke na- ebute ọria ndị ọzọ ọkachasị nke ndị oyibo kpọrọ rhinoviruses), ebe oke oyi nke na-ebute ọria ndi ọzọ na-egbu egbu dika SARS, MERS, na COVID-19. Otu ọria si egosi na adị n'ụdị n'ụdị: n'ọkụkọ ọria na-ebute upper respiratory tract disease, mana n'ehi na ezi ọ na-ebute  diarrhea. Ka ọdị ugbu a, enwebeghị ọgwụ mgbochi vaccines mọọbụ antiviral drugs maka igbochi maọbụ ịgwọ ọria nje korona n'ahụ mmadụ.
Nje korona nwekwara subfamily
Orthocoronavirinae, si n'ezinụlọ Coronaviridae, Nidovirales, nakwa Riboviria. Ha kpuchiri nje ndi nwere positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome   nakwa nucleocapsid  nke helical symmetry. The genome size nke nje korona na-ebido ihe dika kilobases,iri abụọ, nje kacha bu nje nke akpọrọ RNA viruses. Njiri mara ha bụ na ha na-enwe ogwu n'ahụ ha niile bụ nke na enwe electron micrographs nke a na-emepụta inyinyo ha dika korona nke sitere n'anwụ ọchịcha a  kpọrọ solar corona
Nchọpụta
Achọpụtara nje Korona n'afọ 1930 mgbe ọrịa nje na-efe efe nke ụmụ ọkụkọ gosiri na ọ bụ infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) na-ebute ya. N'afọ 1940, a chọpụtara anụmanụ abụọ ndị ọzọ, nwere ụdị nje korona a bụ nke nọpụrụ anọp ụ  akpọrọ mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) nakwa transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV),.
Achọpụtara nje korona nke na-aria mmadụ nafọ 1960s. Ndị mbụ mụrụ maka nje korona a bụ site na ndi mmadụ na-aria oyi nkiti bụ nke emechara kpọọ  human coronavirus 229E na human coronavirus OC43. Achọpụtakwara Nje Korona ndị ọzọ bu nke na- arịa ndi mmadụ, ha gụnyere SARS-CoV n'afọ 2003, HCoV NL63 n'afọ 2004, HKU1 n'afọ 2005, MERS-CoV n'afọ 2012, nakwa SARS-CoV-2 n'afọ 2019. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọria ndị a ebutela ọrịa akpọrọ respiratory tract infections. bụ nke na-efe efe na-ef.
Ọmụmụ
.Aha a bụ "coronavirus" sitere n'asụsụ Latin corona, nke putara "okpueze" ma ọ bụ "wreath", bụ nke agbazitere n'asụsụ ndị Greek κορώνη nke ha kpọrọ korṓnē, "garland, wreath". A kpọrọ aha nje korona a mbụ n'afọ 1968 ọ bụ ndị otu na-ahụ maka ịgwọ ọria nje dị iche iche mere nke n'ime akwụkwọ jonalụ akpọrọ Nature nke bụ iji wee gosipụta  ezinaaụlọ nje di iche iche. Aha a na-egosi njiri mara nke virions ( bụ nje na-eme oji efe efe) site na nyocha nke electron microscopy, bụ nke na-egosi ụdịdị nje a dika okpu eze maọbụ solar corona. Ụdịdịmorphology pụtara ihe na ogwu ogwu nke akpọrọ peplomers, na-ejupụta na  proteins n'ahụ/ihu nje a.
Nhazi
alt=Cross-sectional model of a coronavirus|thumb| usoro ọnụnọ nke nje korona Nje korona bụ nnukwu pleomorphic nwere kịrị kịrị ihe dika bọlụ na- etupụta n'ihu ya. Kịrịkịrị bọlụ ndi a di ya n' ahụ di ihe dika dayamita  otu nari na iri abụọ (120 nm)/ (.12 μm). Dayamita nke na-ekpuchi ya di iri asatọ ~80 nm (.08 μm) ebe ihe dika ogwu di ya n'ahụ di iri abụọ ~20 nm (.02 μm) n'ogologo. Ihe na-ekpuchi nje a na-egosi dika okpokoro miri emi nke ndi oyibo kpọrọ electron dense shells.
Ihe a kpuchiri nje a gụnyere lipid bilayer ebe membrane (M), envelope (E) na spike (S) structural proteins na anọ. Ụfọdụ nje Korona (tụmadị ndi si n'otu betacoronavirus subgroup A) nwekwara ahụ ogwu nke akpọrọ hemagglutinin esterase.
N'ime ihe a na-ekpuchi nje a e nwere ihe akpọrọnucleocapsid, bụ nke na- amụba  site n' ụdị ọnọdụ beads-on-a-string. ọ bụ ihe ọnọdụ mkpuchi a, membrance protein,na nucleocapsid na-echedo nje a mgbe ọ na anọghị n'ahụ mmadụ maọbụ nke anụmanụ.
Genome
thumb| Ngosiputa nhazi na ụdịdị nke  genome  na akparam agwa ihe ndi nwere S protein maka SAR maka SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV Coronaviruses nwere           positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. genome size nke nje korona bidoro na kilobases iri abụọ na isii na ụma anọ wee ruo na iri atọ na otu na ụma asaa. Nke a so n'otu nje RNA si n'ezinaụlọ genome kacha ibu.. Genome nwere nke ndị oyibo kpọrọ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-prime_cap" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Five-prime cap" class="cx-link" data-linkid="196">methylated cap</a> ise na <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyadenylation" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Polyadenylation" class="cx-link" data-linkid="197">polyadenylated tail</a>. atọ.
Nhazi ụdịdị genome maka nje korona gụnyere 5′-leader-UTR ha bụ spike (S)-envelope (E)-membrane (M)-nucleocapsid (N)-3′UTR-poly (A) tail. Mkpughe nke ọgụgụ frame ya bụ 1a na 1b nke a mejupụtara okara atọ nke UTR ise ahụ bụ nke mebere nonstructural proteins.
Ihe anọ ndị a mechara mejupụta ụdidị protin, ha bụ ogwu(spike), envelope, membrane,nakwa nucleocapsid. akọrọngwa ndia nakwa ọrụ ha na-arụgasi dị iche iche na-esite n'ụdị nje korona.
Ntinye
thumb| Usoro ndụ nke coronavirus Ofufe Ọrịa a na-amalite mgbe ogwu ya (viral spike (S) gbasara wee nyado n'ahụ onye o fere,.
Mgbe ọ ịbanye n' ahụ onye bu ya, kịrị kịrị nje dị uncoated, na genome na-adanye n'ime cell cytoplasm. Dịka anyị kwuru na mbụ gbasara ọnọdụ nje a, na o nwere 5′ methylated cap na 3′ polyadenylated tail, bụ nke na enyere ogwu nje a aka ịnyado n;ahụ onye bu ya.
Menwogharị
Ọtụtụ ihe nke ndi oyibo kpọrọ nonstructural proteins biakọtara ọnụ wee mebe ihe akpọrọ multi-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC). Isi sekpụ ntị na replicase-transcriptase protein bụ RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Ọ bụ ihe ndia na ọnọdụ na ihe ndia na-ebute mmụba nje a mgbe ọ nọ n'ahụ onye maọbụ ihe bu ya.
Otu n'ime ọrụ ihe ndị mebere nje a bụ ịmụnwogharị maọbụ ịmụba  viral genome . RdRp dika anyị tulere na mbụ na ebu n'obi synthesis iji gosi ndi iche di n'etiti ( negative-sense genomic RNA) na (positive-sens genomic RNA).
Nzipụ
Mmekorita nke ogwu nje korona na emejupụta host cell recepto bụ isi sekpụ nti n'igosipụta tissue tropism, infectivity, na species range nke nje a. Ọmumaatụ bụ na SARS coronavirus, na-efe mmadụ site na-inyado naihe a kpọrọ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. .
Okike/Ụdịdị
thumb| Osisi phylogenetic nke nje korona Aha sayensi kpọrọ nje korona bụ Orthocoronavirinae ma ọbu Coronavirinae. Nje korona sitere n'ezinaaụlọCoronaviridae, Nidovirales nakwa Riboviria. E kewara ha na alphacoronaviruses na betacoronaviruses bụ ndị nke na-efe mmadụ ebe gammacoronaviruses na deltacoronaviruses na-efe ụmụ nnụnụ.
Idea
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Plato-raphael.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|262x262px|[[Plato, otu n'ime ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma mbụ tụlere echiche na ụzọ zuru ezu. Aristotle na-ekwu na ọtụtụ na ime echiche Plato sitere na Pythagorean.]] N'ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na na nkà ihe ọmụma, echiche bụ ihe si n'echiche pụta.[1] Nakwa na nkà ihe ọmụma, echiche nwekwara ike ịbụ echiche nnọchiteanya oyiyi nke ụfọdụ ihe. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma atụlewo echiche dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịdị. A na-ewere ikike ịmepụta na ịghọta ihe echiche dị ka ihe dị mkpa na nkọwa nke mmadụ. N'echiche ọha mmadụ, echiche na-ebilite n'ụzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, n'onwe ya, ọbụlagodi n'echeghị echiche ma ọ bụ ntụgharị uche siri ike, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe anyị na-ekwu banyere echiche mmadụ ma ọ bụ ebe. Echiche ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nke mbụ nwere ike na-ebutekarị ihe ọhụru.
Okwu mmalite
Okwu a bụ echiche sitere na echiche Grik ἰδέα "ụdị, ụkpụrụ," site na mgbọrọgwụ nke ἰδεῖν idein, "ịhụ".