cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Chinelo Anohu-Amazu
Ọ bụ onye otu ọsụ ụzọ na London stock exchange Africa Advisory group.. N’afọ 2004, ọ ghọọrọ onye ọsụ ụzọ na ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu na PenCom na Naịjirịa. N'ụbọchị nke 14 n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2014, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi nchịkwa nke kọmịshọn ahụ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke nzere Bachelor of Law na Mahadum nke Nigeria dị n'Enugu. O nwekwara asambodo nke nzere masta na Telecommunication and Information Technology na London School of Economics. Ọ gara Mahadum nke Harvard,Kennedy School of Government, London Business School, Columbia University Graduate School of Business na Wharton University Business School maka agụmakwụkwọ Ndị Isi Nchịkwa dị iche iche.
Ndabere
O si n’ezinụlọ nwere ụmụ isii. Nna ya bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị, ebe mama ya bụ onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ, onye nkuzi ji nzere dọktọreti na asụsụ Bekee. Nne ya bụ onye nlereanya ya; N'ajụjụ ọnụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Guardian gbara ya, ọ sịrị "Ọ dị mma, a bụ m nwa nne m. Nke a pụtara na m na-agbado anya, na-achọsi ihe ụwa ike maka ọganihu. Ma ọ pụtakwara na m maara nke ọma ị bụ onye ndozi ụlọ. Nnem na=aga n'ihu, ma n'ime ụlọ ma n'ezi. Ọ na-eme nri, sie nri na ihe niile. Ruo taa, ọ ka na-eme nri nna m,ọ masịrị ya ime. A zụrụ m n’ebe e nweghị nnukwu nsogbu gbasara ilekọta ụlọ. Dịka nwatakiri, m ga-ezo na-agụ akwụkwọ na nna m ga-achọ m gwa m, ị ga-amụta etu esi esi nri, ị sa akwa na i dobe ụlọ n'ihi na ị gosibeghị m ihe ọ bụla gosiri na ị ga-akwụ ụgwọ odibo ụlọ..
Agụmakwụkwọ ya
Chinelo nwetara nzere bachelọ nke iwu na Mahadum nke Naijiria,n'Enugu n'afọ 1996. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Law_School" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Nigeria Law School" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="68">Nigeria Law School</a> n'afọ 1997. N’afọ 2000, ọ natara nzere masta na Computer and Communications Law site na London School of Economics. Dịka akụkụ nke mmụta ya; n'afọ 2008 ọ gara Columbia University Graduate School. N’afọ 2007, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na JF Kennedy School of Government na Mahadum nke Harvard. N'afọ 2002, ọ nọ na Wharton Business School, Mahadum nke Pennsylvania agụmakwụkwọ ndị isi.
Ọrụ
Ugbu a (2016), Chinelo bụ Director General na CEO nke PenCom, ụlọ ọrụ nwere uru bara uru karịa N5.bn. Ọ bụ onye otu ndị Pension Reform Team nke webatara ntụnye ego ezumike nka na Naịjirịa. Tupu ọkwa ya dịka DG nke ọrụ kọmishọnụ ahụ, ọ bụ ọsụ ụzọ odeakwụkwọ / Onye Ndụmọdụ iwu nke kọmịshọn ahụ. E boro ya ebubo ị bufe ego nke onye Pension Fund Administrator to nye onye PFA ọzọ bụ onye ezinụlọ ya. N'ihe metụtara nke a, Ụlọ ikpe Kasị Elu nke gọọmenti etiti n'Abuja gbochiri ya ime iheharị ahụ n'ụbọchị nke 11 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ 2016. Ọ bụ onye otu London stock exchange Africa Advisory group.
E wepụrụ ya ọrụ ya dịka DG nke PenCom site n’aka onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari n'afọ 2017. Ọzọkwa, ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya Naijiria degaara National Pension Commission (PenCom) akwụkwọ n'ọnwa Mee nke afọ 2019 iji gwa ha mmaka mmalite nke nyocha banyere nrụrụ ahịa mere n'oge ọchịchị ya, na ebubo nke mmejọ, mmebi iwu na mmebi iwu nke Public Procurement Act, nke afọ 2007.
Ebem si dee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyi nọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchichi Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria bụ ndị ọka ikpe
Abera
Abera bụ di ma aha enyere na aha nna. Ndị ama ama nwere aha gụnyere:
Tomas Brickhill
Tomas Lutuli Brickhill (amụrụ na 25 Machị 1978), bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede, na onye egwu na Zimbabwe. Ọ duziri ihe nkiri a ma ama na 2017 bụ Sichaa.
Ndụ onwe onye
A mụrụ ya na 25 Machị 1978 na London, England. Nna ya, Paul Brickhill,bụ bụ onye agha Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) na onye agha vetii Ya mere, ọ nọ na ala ọzọ na UK n'oge a mụrụ Tomas. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nnwere onwe Zimbabwe gasịrị, ezinụlọ laghachiri Zimbabwe. Mgbe ọ laghachiri, nna ya na-elekọta ebe nka na ọdịbendị a na-akpọ 'The Book Café'. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị na 2014, Tomas na-elekọta ya bụ ụlọ nri. O nwere ụmụnne atọ: Liam, Amy na Declan. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Prince Edward High Skuulu Harare site na 1991 ruo 1996.
Ọrụ
Ọ hapụrụ Zimbabwe na 1997 wee kwaga United Kingdom wee gaa Uloakwukwo Surrey  nke Ǹkà na Imewe, Mahadum Kọleji na 1999. Ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-agbalị inweta ahụmịhe teknụzụ dịgasị iche iche na Surrey ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelọ nke Nkà (BA) na Ihe nkiri Sinima makwa ihe nkiri / Imeputa Vidio na 2001. Mgbe ahụ ọ kụziri ihe nkiri maka Mmemme Raindance Film, BBC na VMI ruo afọ ole na ole.
Mgbe ọ gafesịrị ihe nkiri sinima, ọ laghachiri Zimbabwe n'afọ 2010. N'afọ 2013, Tomas dechara ihe ngosi mbụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri, Nzuzu na Uba. Mgbe ahụ na 2017, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nduzi nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Agha nke Ndi Isi nri oge 3. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọ kụziri ihe nkiri maka ndị nwere nkà Zimbabwe na Ụlọ akwụkwọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na Zimbabwe ebe o mechara bụrụ Onye isi nke Ngalaba Ihe nkiri ruo afọ abụọ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kụziri ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi na Mahadum nke Zimbabwe tupu ọ kwaga Eswatini na ụlọ ọrụ ime ihe nkiri.
Ka e mesịrị na 2017, Tomas mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya Sichaa. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara otuto dị egwu ma nweta ọtụtụ onyinye na mmemme ihe nkiri mpaghara na nke mba ụwa. O nwere onye isi ala zuru ụwa ọnụ na International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) wee bụrụ ihe mbụ sitere na Zimbabwe ịbụ akụkụ nke Nhọrọ Ọchịchị maka afọ iri abụo na abụo. Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri ihe nrite nke ihe nkiri kacha mma na omee kacha mma na 2019 National Arts Merit Awards (NAMA) na Zimbabwe International Film Festival (ZIFF) na 2018. N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, Tomas gosipụtakwara obere ọrụ a na-akpọ 'JJ'. Ihe nkiri ahụ mechara bụrụ ihe nkiri Zimbabwe mbụ a ga-egosi na Netflix. Ọ natara nlebara anya mgbasa ozi mba ụwa kemgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na ikpo okwu Netflix na Juunu 2020. Ọ bụ naanị ihe nkiri Zimbabwe nke abụọ natara nlebara anya mba ụwa mgbe Neria gasịrị. A na-eto ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri kachasị mma na Sinima nke Zimbabwe mgbe Neria na Kaadị Edo Edo gasịrị ma meghee nzaghachi dị mma site n'aka ndị Zimbabwe. A na-ekwu na ihe nkiri ahụ na-emebi echiche nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Zimbabwe nke nsogbu akụ na ụba na oke ọnụ ahịa na mba ahụ mebiri.
O nwekwara Ebe Mmepụta Paw Paw Jam, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-ahụ maka ihe omume egwu na ihe nkiri egwu Afrika na UK. Ewezuga ihe nkiri sinima, ọ bụkwa onye na-agụ egwú na-esonyere otu egwu 'Chikwata'.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
European Academy of Environmental Affairs
European Academy for Environmental Affairs (nke a makwaara dị ka European Academy of Environmental Affairs) bụ òtù onwe onye nke kwadoro nzukọ 1995 nke mepụtara Leipzig Declaration on Global Climate Change, akwụkwọ SEPP malitere nke ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ụka megide echiche okpomọkụ ụwa. Onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Academy bụ Prọfesọ nwụrụ anwụ. Dr. hc. Helmut Metzner (1925-1999), onye bụ prọfesọ maka physiology nke osisi kemịkal. E boro Metzner ebubo na ya na Studienzentrum Weikersheim nwere njikọ, ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche nke aka nri na Baden-Württemberg.
N'afọ 1993, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwekwara nzukọ na Mannheim n'okpuru isiokwu "Globale Erwärmung - Tatsache oder Behauptung?" (Okpomọkụ ụwa - eziokwu ma ọ bụ akụkọ ifo?Ọpụpụ ọzọ Kansụl nke Europe nabatara Academy na ọrụ ndụmọdụ, mana ewepụrụ ọnọdụ ahụ n'ihi ọdịda Academy n'ịgbaso ọrụ ya.
Academy enweghị ibe weebụ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ pụkwara ịdị n'ọrụ. Ndepụta akwụkwọ nkuzi gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi nke Academy wepụtara dị n'ịntanetị.
Amy Okonkwo
Amy Okonkwo (amuru 26 August 1996) bu onye egwuregwu basketball nke Naijiria na-agbara ndị Mahadum Texas Christian na ndi Nigerian National Team.
Ọrụ mba ụwa
Ọ nwetara ọkpụkpọ oku mbụ ya maka ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa na 2021. Amy Okonkwo bụkwa onye otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị nke Nigeria, D'tigress, na Tokyo Olympic 2020 na Japan. Amy bụ onye kacha mee nke ọma na ndị otu egwuregwu na Japan site n'inweta akara iri na anọ n'egwuregwu ahu.
Ndetu
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Babungi Josephine Bebona
Babungi Josephine Bebona nke a makwara dị ka Josephine Babungi Bebona bụ onye na-amụ nwa na nwanyị Member of Parliament maka Bundibugyo District dị ka nke Maach, na afọ 2021 na 11th parliament nke Uganda. Ọ nwere njikọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na National Resistance Movement (NRM) ma ọ nọ na ndị omeiwu Uganda kemgbe afọ 2016.
Ahụmahụ ọrụ
Babungi Josephine Bebona bụ onye na-amụ nwa site na afọ 1999 ruo na afọ 2003. Ọ ghọrọ onye nọọsụ na Bundibugyo District Local Government site na afọ 2005 ruo na afọ 2016. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka nwanyị Member of Parliament maka Bundibugyo District kemgbe afọ 2016 ruo ugbu a.
Ewezuga ọrụ ndị omeiwu ya, ọ nọdụrụ na kọmitii ụfọdụ nke: Kọmitii na HIV / AIDS & Related Disease dị ka onye otu yana Kọmitii ahụike dị ka onye so.
ỤlọOnyinye ndị ọzọ
Babungi Josephine Bebona bụ n'ezie onye kwenyere na nha nhata na udo n'ime mpaghara ya na mba ahụ n'ozuzu ya. O nyere aka n'idozi esemokwu agbụrụ dị n'etiti Bakonjo na Bamba na Bundibugyo District. O sonyere n'ikesa enyemaka maka ezinụlọ ndị idei mmiri metụtara na Bundibugyo na njikọ aka na Uganda Red Cross Society na Gọọmentị Uganda na 2019 nakwa, ọ rịọrọ Ọfịs Praịm Minista nke Uganda ka ọ tinye Bundibugwo District na atụmatụ ịkwaga ebe ọ bụ na mpaghara ahụ na-ata otu ọdachi ahụ kwa afọ. O sonyekwara na arụmụka afọ ole ọ ga-anọgide na-enweghị mkpebi site n'oge arụmụka ahụ kwụsịrị na 2017. Babungi Josephine Bebona malitere ọrụ mmepe nkà ụmụ nwanyị nke e bu n'uche inyere ndị nwere nkwarụ (PWDs) aka nke onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu nke Uganda mechara malite na 2018.
Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii na-ahụ maka HIV / AIDS na Related Matter ebe o jisiri ike nweta akara nke 67.86. O sonyere n'ọtụtụ ọrụ nke gụnyere ịzụta Mattresses na Grade 1 P.L.E Pupils, nyere Dr. Bukombi Of Kikyo Health Center na Bundibugyo Hospital A Diabetes Machine, nyere ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ugbo Goats na Cows, nyere 30 Plastic Seats na 1,000,000UGX Na Mijosa Group.
Ebenside
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Ọmụmụ 1973
Mark Jaccard
thumb|Mark Jaccard
Mark Kenneth Jaccard (amụrụ n'ọnwa Eprel n'ubochi iri na abuo, afọ 1955) bụ onye Canada na-ahụ màkà akụ na ụba na ónyé édémédé. Ọ na-emepụta ma na-etinye n'ọrụ ụdị ndị na-enyocha ụkpụrụ nkwado màkà ike na ihe onwunwe. Jaccard bụ prọfesọ nkè ike na-adịgide adịgide na School of Resource and Environmental Management (REM) na Mahadum Simon Fraser.
Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Jaccard na Vancouver, British Columbia. Ph.D. ya sitere na Energy Economics and Policy Institute na Mahadum Grenoble (nkè a na-akpọzi Mahadum Granada Alpes). Jaccard abụwo prọfesọ na Mahadum Simon Fraser kemgbe afọ 1986, ébé ọ na-akụzi ọmụmụ ihe na gbụrụ-gbúrụ ébé obibi na akụ na ụba akụ na ụba, ike na ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide na ihe ndị dị na akụ na ụzụ na ụkpụrụ. Nnyocha ya na-elekwasị anya na mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ ụdị ike-akụnụba-emissions nke na-eṅomi mmetụta nke iwu ike na-adịgide adịgide. O nwèrè ihe karịrị otu narị akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ na-adụ gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị ọdụ gbụrụ-gbúrụ ụwa.
Jaccard jere ozi dị ka Ónyé isi oche na ónyé isi oche nke B.C. Utilities Commission (afọ 1992 ruo afọ 1997), na Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1993[[96, 2008[[09), na na China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (afọ 1996-2001, 2008[[09). N'ọrụ ọhụrụ ya màkà Kansụl China, ọ bụ ónyé isi oche nke otu ọrụ na-ahụ màkà iji coal eme ihe, na-agakwuru onye isi ala nke China. N'afọ 2007-12 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé isi edemede màkà iwu ike na mmepụta nke Global Energy Assessment. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na National Roundtable on the Environment and the Economy (2006ī09) ma kemgbe afọ 2006 ọ bụ ónyé nyocha na C.D. Howe Institute. N'afọ 2005, akwụkwọ ya, Sustainable Fossil Fuels meriri Donner Prize màkà akwụkwọ iwu kachasị elu na Canada. N'afọ 2008, Association of British Columbia faculty members kpọrọ ya Academic of the Year. N'afọ 2009, a kpọrọ ya Fellow nke Royal Society of Canada màkà nyocha ndụ ya. N'afọ 2012, Jaccard bụ onye natara onyinye Clean16 na Clean 50 nke Canada, iji kwado onyinye ya na agụmakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na Canada. N'afọ 2014, ọ natara Simon Fraser University Award nke mbụ Prọfesọ màkà Nkwado, n'afọ ahụ kwa, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche dị iche iche dị ka Prọfesor Mahadum SFU.
Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
Akwụkwọ
Recent publications
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ụlọ ọrụ osisi
Ụlọ ọrụ osisi ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ osisi (mgbe ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ osisi - mgbe a na-ezo aka na mbadamba osisi) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emetụta oke ọhịa, igbu osisi, ịzụ ahịa osisi, na mmepụta nke isi ọhịa na ngwaahịa osisi (dịka ngwá ụlọ) na ngwaahịa abụọ dị ka osisi. pulp maka ụlọ ọrụ pulp na akwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe kacha ukwuu sokwa na ndị nwere nnukwu osisi. Ụlọ ọrụ osisi bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ma na-aga n'ihu na-abụ akụkụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ akụ na ụba.
Ihe dị iche
N'echiche dị warara nke okwu ahụ, osisi, oke ohia, oke ohia na osisi / osisi na-apụta na-arụtụ aka n'akụkụ dị iche iche, na mba mepere emepe, ụwa nke mba ụwa, enwere ọchịchọ maka nnukwu azụmaahịa jikọtara ọnụ nke na-ekpuchi ụdịdị dị iche iche site na silviculture na oke ohia na. ọhịa mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ site na usoro igbu osisi ruo na nhazi osisi na ịzụ ahịa na njem (dịka ịkwọ osisi, ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọhịa, okporo ụzọ).
Nhazi na ngwaahịa dị iche iche karịsịa n'ihe gbasara ọdịiche dị n'etiti softwood na hardwood. Ọ bụ ezie na softwood bụ isi na-abanye n'imepụta mmanụ osisi na pulp na akwụkwọ, a na-eji osisi hardwood eme ihe maka arịa ụlọ, ala, wdg. Framing)
Jeffreycia
Jeffreycia bụ ụdị osisi na-agbasa okooko n'Afrịka si ezinụlọ daisy. Ha nọ na Vernonieae subtribe.
Ụlọ ọrụ osisi
Ndị na-emepụta ihe kachasị
Na 2008 ndị kasị ukwuu osisi na ndị na-emepụta osisi na US bụ
Dịka a na-erekarị ụlọ ọrụ ndị a n'ihu ọha, ndị nwe ha kacha bụrụ otu ndị na-etinye ego dị iche iche. Enwekwara ntụkwasị obi itinye ego n'ime ụlọ na-adabere na osisi.
Jeffreycia
Ọ sị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka na Sri Lanka. A na-ahụ ya na mba Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Somalia na Tanzania.
Ụlọ ọrụ osisi
Ndị na-emepụta ihe kachasị
Dabere na sawmilldatabase, ndị na-emepụta osisi sawn n'ụwa na 2007 bụ:
Jeffreycia
Nchịkọta
Aha ụdị nke Jeffreycia bụ nke nsọpụrụ Charles Jeffrey (b. 1934), onye Bekee na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na Kew Gardens na-nlekwasị anya na ihe ọkụkụ ndị China yana ọkachamara na Asteraceae na Cucurbitaceae. Ọ bụ onye dere ọmụmụ nke Vernonieae nke East Tropical Africa.
Ụlọ ọrụ osisi
Ụda
Ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime oke ọhịa na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ na-egbu osisi na-adaba n'ime ọrụ ugbo, oke ọhịa, ịkụ azụ na ịchụ nta (AFFH) dị ka e ji mara North America Industry Classification System (NAICS). Ụlọ ọrụ National Institute for Safety and Health (NIOSH) elelewo anya nke ọma na mkpughe mkpọtụ ụlọ ọrụ AFFH na ụbara ịnụ ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ n'ozuzu ya nwere ụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ ntị dị ala karịa n'ozuzu oke nke ụlọ ọrụ na-eme mkpọtụ (15% v. 19%), ndị ọrụ n'ime ọhịa na igbu osisi karịrị 21%. Pasent iri atọ na isii nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ebe a na-elekọta ọhịa na nchịkọta nke ngwaahịa ọhịa, ngalaba dị n'ime oke ọhịa na igbu osisi, ịnụ ihe na-anụ ihe, nke kachasị nke ngalaba AFFH ọ bụla. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ebe a na-elekọta ọhịa na ịchịkọta ngwaahịa ọhịa bụ ọrụ na-eto eto maka ịkụgharị ọhịa na ikpokọta ngwaahịa dị ka rhizomes na ogbugbo. N'otu aka ahụ, ndị ọrụ anaghị ekpughe mkpọtụ nwere naanị 7% nhụsianya nke ịnụ ihe.
Achọpụtala mkpọtụ mkpọtụ ndị ọrụ n'ime ọhịa na ụlọ ọrụ igbu osisi ruru 102 dBA. NIOSH na-atụ aro ka onye ọrụ nwee nkezi mkpughe mkpọtụ nke 85 dBA nwere ogologo oge ruru awa 8. Oke mkpọtụ na-etinye ndị ọrụ n'ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu nke ịmalite ịnụ ihe. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrụ ga-enwe nkụda mmụọ n'ihi mkpughe mkpọtụ ọrụ, a ga-ekewa ya dị ka nkwụsị ntị ọrụ. Enwere ike ibelata mkpughe mkpọtụ dị n'ime ọhịa na ụlọ ọrụ igbu osisi site na ikpuchi igwe na akụrụngwa dị arọ, tinye ihe mkpuchi na ihe nkpuchi, na ịrụ ọrụ na akụrụngwa oge niile. Enwere ike ibelata mkpughe mkpọtụ site na usoro njikwa ihe egwu ebe mwepụ ma ọ bụ dochie akụrụngwa mkpọtụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụzọ kacha mma iji belata mkpọtụ.
Jeffreycia
Nchịkọta
A kọwara ya na mbụ ma bipụta ya na PhytoKeys Vol.39 na peeji nke iri ise na itoolu na afọ 2014.
Ụdị ndị a ma ama
Dị ka Kew si kwuo;Ndétu gbasara ihe ọkụkụ nke Afrịka na-anabata ụdịdi anọ; Jeffreycia amaniensis (Muschl.) H. Rob., S.C. Keeley & Skvarla, Jeffreycia hildebrandtii (Vatke) H. Rob, S.C-Keeley & skvarla, Jeffreycia usambarensis (O. Hoffm.) H. Rob., S.C. Keeley & Skvarla na Jeffreycia zanzibarensis (Less.) H. Rob., S.C. Keeley & Skvarla.
Ụlọ ọrụ osisi
Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba
Ịdị adị nke akụ na ụba osisi, ma ọ bụ karịa, akụ na ụba ọhịa (n'ọtụtụ mba akụ na ụba bamboo na-achị), bụ ihe a ma ama n'ọtụtụ mba ndị na-emepe emepe yana n'ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ nwere ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na karịsịa na ndị nwere obere okpomọkụ. . Ndị a bụ mba ndị nwere oke oke ọhịa ka ọnọdụ na-enye ohere maka mmepe nke oke ọhịa iji na-egbute osisi maka ojiji mpaghara. Ihe eji osisi eme ihe na arịa ụlọ, ụlọ, àkwà mmiri, na dị ka isi iyi ike bụ nke a maara nke ọma. Tụkwasị na nke a, a pụrụ iji osisi sitere na osisi na ohia, mee ihe n'ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka osisi pulp, cellulose na akwụkwọ, celluloid na foto mbụ foto, cellophane, na rayon (nke na-anọchi silk).
N'ọgwụgwụ nke ojiji ha na-emekarị, a pụrụ ire ngwaahịa osisi ọkụ iji nweta ume ọkụ ma ọ bụ nwee ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka fatịlaịza. Enwere ike imebi gburugburu ebe obibi nke akụ na ụba osisi nwere ike ịgụnye mbelata ụdị ndụ dị iche iche n'ihi oke ọhịa nke otuto (ịkwalite ụdị osisi ole na ole); na ikuku CO2. Agbanyeghị, oke ohia nwere ike inye aka na mbelata ikuku carbon dioxide ma si otú a kpachie mgbanwe ihu igwe. thumb|Ụlọ ọrụ osisi na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ọrụ aka siri ike na mgbe ụfọdụ dị ize ndụ ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ndị ọrụ Sweden abụọ na-akwachasị igbe n'afọ 1905. thumb|Otu nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri e ji osisi rụọ gbadaa n'Osimiri Columbia n'afọ 1902, nke nwere osisi ruru otu afọ n'otu ogige osisi. Akwụkwọ taa bụ ngwaahịa osisi kacha eji eme ihe.
Akụkọ banyere iji osisi eme ihe
Akụ na ụba osisi bụ mmalite mmalite nke mmepeanya zuru ụwa ọnụ, ebe ọ bụ na oge bu ụzọ Paleolithic [nkọwa dị mkpa] na Neolithic. Ọ bụchaghị tupu afọ nke ọla site ọtụtụ puku afọ, dị ka agbaze nke ọla ga-ekwe omume nanị site nchoputa nke usoro na-amụnye ọkụ (na-enwetakarị site scraping nke abụọ akọrọ osisi mkpara) na-ewu nke ọtụtụ mfe ígwè ọrụ na rudimentary ngwá ọrụ. dị ka mkpọ, osisi aka, ụta, akụ, lances. Otu n'ime ihe ochie ejiri aka mee nke ọma bụ n'ọnụ ube a na-egbu maramara (Clacton Spear) dị afọ 250,000 (oge interglacial nke atọ), nke e liri n'okpuru sedimenti na England, na Clacton-on-Sea.
Ọganihu ndị na-aga nke ọma dị ka ndị Ijipt na ndị Sumeria wuru arịa ụlọ dị ọkaibe. Ọtụtụ ụdị arịa ụlọ ndị dị na ọdụ́ na osisi ndị bara uru ka adịla n'oge anyị, n'ihi na ebe zoro ezo n'ili nzuzo mebiri emebi, ebe akọrọ nke ọzara chebere ha pụọ ​​na ire ere. Ọtụtụ ụlọ na akụkụ nke ndị a (n'elu ụlọ niile) nwere ihe ndị dị n'ime osisi (na-abụkarị osisi oak) na-akpụ ihe nkwado na mkpuchi; ụzọ njem dị ka ụgbọ mmiri, ụgbọ mmiri; ma emesịa (site n'ichepụta wiil) ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ ala, winches, igwe ọka ntụ ọka nke mmiri na-akwado, wdg.
Ọdịdị na ala
Isi ebe a na-eji osisi eme ihe n'ụwa bụ oke ọhịa, nke enwere ike ịhazi dị ka nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke, ọkara na-amaghị nwoke na ubi. Ndị obodo na-ewepụ ọtụtụ osisi maka nkụ n'ọtụtụ mba, ọkachasị n'ụwa nke atọ, mana enwere ike ịkọwa ego a naanị, yana oke oke ejighị n'aka.
N'afọ 1998, mmepụta nke "Roundwood" n'ụwa nile (osisi a na-agụ na-ejighị dị ka nkụ), dị ihe dị ka 1,500,000,000 cubic meters (2.0×109 cu yd), nke ruru ihe dị ka 45% nke osisi ndị a na-akọ n'ụwa. Egbutu osisi na alaka ndị a kara aka ka ha bụrụ ihe eji arụ ụlọ ruru ihe dịka 55% nke mmepụta osisi a na-emepụta n'ụwa. 25% ghọrọ osisi pulp (gụnyere ntụ ntụ na broccoli) bụ nke a kara aka maka imepụta akwụkwọ na mpempe akwụkwọ, na ihe dịka 20% ghọrọ ogwe na plywood na osisi bara uru maka arịa ụlọ na ihe eji eme ihe (FAO 1998). Ndị kasị emepụta osisi na ndị na-eji osisi a na-akwụ ụgwọ bụ United States, n'agbanyeghị na mba nke nwere oke ọhịa na Russia.
N'afọ ndị 1970, mba ndị nwere oke ọhịa kachasị ukwuu bụ: Soviet Union (ihe dịka 8,800,000 km2), Brazil (5,150,000 km2), Canada (4,400,000 km2), United States (3,000,000 km2), Indonesia (1,200 2 2 000 km2) na Democratic Republic. (1,000,000 km2). Mba ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe dị mkpa na oriri nke osisi na-enwekarị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ndị bi na mpaghara ndọtị ha, ebe a anyị nwere ike ịgụnye mba dị ka Argentina, Chile, Finland, Poland, Sweden, Ukraine.
Mkpa ọ dị iji gbochie mgbanwe ihu igwe
Banyere nsogbu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, a maara na oke ohia na-ere ọkụ na-abawanye CO2 na ikuku, ebe oke ọhịa na-amaghị nwoke ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-eme ihe dị ka sinks maka CO2, n'ihi ihe ndị a osisi akụ na-alụ ọgụ griin haus mmetụta. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke CO2 etinyere na-adabere n'ụdị osisi, ala na ihu igwe nke ebe osisi na-eto ma ọ bụ na-akụ. Ọzọkwa, n'abalị osisi adịghị photosynthesize, na-emepụta CO2, tutu amama ụbọchị sochirinụ. Paradoxically n'oge okpomọkụ oxygen kere site photosynthesis n'ime ọhịa nso obodo na ogige ntụrụndụ, interacts na obodo mepere emepe ikuku mmetọ (si ụgbọ ala, wdg) na-agbanwe site anyanwụ doo na ozone (molecule nke atọ oxygen atọm), na mgbe na elu ikuku mejupụtara. ihe nzacha megide ebili mmiri ultraviolet, n'ime ikuku dị ala bụ ihe mmetọ, nwere ike ịkpalite ọgba aghara iku ume.
N'ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke carbon dị ala, ọrụ ọhịa ga-elekwasị anya na omume na-enwe mmetụta dị ala na itolite. Ndị na-ahụ maka oke ọhịa ga-ahụ na ha anaghị akpaghasị oke carbon nke sitere na ala. Ugbo osisi pụrụ iche ga-abụ isi iyi ihe maka ọtụtụ ngwaahịa. A ga-akụ ụdị osisi ndị na-eto ngwa ngwa na ngbanwe dị mkpirikpi iji bulie mmepụta ya.
Na Brazil
Brazil nwere ọdịnala dị ogologo na owuwe ihe ubi nke ụdị osisi dị iche iche nwere ihe eji eme ihe. Kemgbe afọ ndị 1960, ụdị osisi pine na eucalyptus a na-ebubata ka etoola nke ukwuu maka ụlọ ọrụ plywood na akwụkwọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eme nyocha dị elu, iji tinye enzymes nke mkpụrụ osisi sugar na cellulose n'ime osisi, iji nweta methanol, ma ọnụ ahịa ya dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ethanol nke sitere na ọnụ ahịa ọka.
Canada
Ụlọ ọrụ Canada Wood Council na-agbakọ na n'afọ 2005 na Canada, ngalaba ọhịa were ndị ọrụ 930,000 (otu ọrụ n'ime 17 ọ bụla), na-eme ihe ruru ijeri $108 n'ahịa na ọrụ. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ngwaahịa ndị sitere na osisi ndị dị n'oké ọhịa Canada bụ ihe ndị kasị mkpa ná mba ahụ na-ebupụ. N'afọ 2011, mbupụ n'ụwa niile ruru ihe dị ka ijeri $64.3 - otu kacha enye aka na nguzozi azụmaahịa Canada.
Canada bụ onye ndu ụwa na omume nlekọta ọhịa na-adigide. Naanị hectare 120,000,000 (1,200,000 km2; 463,320 sq mi) (28% nke ọhịa Canada) ka a na-ejizi maka imepụta osisi ebe e mere atụmatụ na hectare 32,000,000 (320,000 km2; 50 qmi na-echebe site na owuwe ihe ubi ugbu a.
United States
thumb|Ịkụ osisi na [[Oregon]]
Ịtali
Ụdị nke dị mma maka ọtụtụ ojiji na ụdị akụ na ụba a bụ ndị ọrụ arboriculture na-arụ ọrụ, bụ ndị a maara nke ọma maka njirimara ha na mkpa maka ụfọdụ ụdị ala na ihu igwe.
Na Fennoscandia na Russia
thumb|Ebe a na-awa osisi na osisi ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri na Kotka, [[Finland]] Na Sweden, Finland na ruo n'ókè Norway, ọtụtụ n'ime ala ahụ bụ ọhịa, ụlọ ọrụ pulp na akwụkwọ bụkwa otu n'ime ngalaba mmepụta ihe kachasị mkpa. Ngwunye kemịkalụ na-arụpụta ike dị ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na a na-akpọ ihe ndị dị n'ime mmanya ojii, nke na-abụkarị lignin na ngwaahịa mmebi hemicellulose, n'ime igwe ọkụ mgbake. Ya mere, mba ndị a nwere oke nha nke iji ume ọhụrụ emeghari (25% na Finland, dịka ọmụmaatụ). A na-atụkwa nnukwu mbọ maka ịbawanye uru na ojiji nke ngwaahịa ọhịa site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ yana ọrụ gọọmentị.
Ọkụ
Ịkụ osisi ugbu a bụ ike kachasị ukwuu nke sitere na biomass mmanụ ụgbọala siri ike. Mmanụ osisi nwere ike ịdị ka nkụ (dịka osisi, bolts, blocks), unyi, ibe, mpempe akwụkwọ, pellet na sawdust. Enwere ike iji mmanụ ọkụ na-esi nri na ikpo ọkụ site na stovu na ebe a na-ere ọkụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ maka ịgbanye igwe uzuoku na igwe ọkụ ọkụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, a na-eji ọtụtụ ụdị ọkụ ọkụ eme ihe iji rite uru site na ọkụ ọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ na-emepụta. Ugbu a, e mepụtala ihe ngwọta na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke dị ọcha: ọkụ ọkụ dị elu (ya na ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ), ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na pellet stovu, nke nwere ike nzacha na ikewapụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ (centrifuging ntụ na ntụgharị ntụgharị), si otú a na-ewepụ. ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ, na-enyekwara ohere iweghachite oke okpomọkụ nke na-agbanarị na uzuzu chimni.
A gbakọrọ njupụta ike nke osisi na gburugburu 6–17 Megajoule/Kilogram, dabere na ụdị na ọdịnaya mmiri.
Otú ọ dị, a na-ejikọta ọkụ ọkụ nke osisi na mmepụta nke ihe ndị na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) (gasị a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke nwere ike ịkpalite saturation nke hemoglobine ọbara na-enweghị ike ịgbanwe), yana nanoparticles.
N'Ịtali, a na-atụpụta osisi poplar dị ka osisi a kụrụ ka ọ ghọọ mmanụ ọkụ, n'ihi oke ike nke a na-amịpụta n'osisi ya n'ihi na poplar na-eto ngwa ngwa na ijide carbon dioxide ikuku na obere ume dị mkpa iji zụlite, ịkpụ na ebuga osisi. Populus x canadensis 'I-214', na-eto ngwa ngwa nke nwere ike iru sentimita 14 (36 cm) na dayameta yana ịdị elu 100 ụkwụ (30 m) n'ime afọ iri.
Unyi bụ ihe fọdụrụ na isi awọ nke nwere carbon adịghị ọcha nke enwetara site na iwepu mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na anụmanụ na ahịhịa. A na-emepụtakarị unyi site na ngwa ngwa pyrolysis, ikpo ọkụ nke osisi ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na enweghị oxygen. Enwere ike iji unyi mee ihe dị ka mmanụ ọkụ nwere oke ọkụ ọkụ
Gasogen osisi
Osisi gas generator (gasogen): bụ nnukwu ngwaọrụ dị arọ ma dị arọ (ma dị mfe nke teknụzụ) nke na-agbanwe osisi ọkụ na ngwakọta nke hydrogen molecular (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen molecular (N2) na uzuoku mmiri (H2O). Ngwakọta gas a, nke a maara dị ka "gasị osisi", "gas na-adịghị mma" ma ọ bụ "syngas" na-enweta mgbe a gbachachara osisi akọrọ na gburugburu ebe a na-emegharị ahụ (obere ikuku oxygen) nke nwere oke ikuku ikuku, na okpomọkụ nke 900 ° C., ma nwee ike ịgbanye igwe ọkụ dị n'ime. thumb|Ụgbọala nke Ilario Bandini rụrụ n'afọ 1940, nke nwere ngwaọrụ na-emepụta gas. N'ime oge n'etiti Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gụnyere, n'ihi enweghị mmanụ, n'ọtụtụ mba, dị ka Italy, France, Great Britain na Sweden, ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala mmanụ ụgbọala gbanwere, na mgbakwunye na nke osisi gas generator. ("gasogen"), ngwaọrụ nke osisi, coal, ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu na-ere ọkụ na-akwado, nwere ike ịmepụta (ma mee ka ọ dị ọcha) gas nke ozugbo, n'otu ụgbọ ala ahụ, nwere ike ime ka engine ICE gbanwetụrụ nke ụgbọ ala ọkọlọtọ (mkpakọ dị ala). engine). Ekwesịrị iji igwe igwe ikuku-gas gbanwee Carburetor). E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndọghachi azụ, dị ka nnukwu mbelata nke kacha ọsọ na mkpa ịnya ụgbọ ala na-eji ala gia na amamihe dosing ego nke ikuku. N'ime ụgbọ ala ọgbara ọhụrụ, ejiri igwe na-emepụta gas gbanwetụrụ, ikuku gas (CO, CO2 na NOx) dị ala karịa nke otu ụgbọ ala na-eji mmanụ ụgbọala na-agba ọsọ (na-edobe otu ihe ntụgharị catalytic)
Methanol
Methanol (mmanya kachasị mfe) na-eme ka mmiri mmiri na 25 Celsius C, na-egbu egbu ma na-emebi emebi, na kemịkalụ organic a na-akpọkarị akwụkwọ ndị bụ isi "mmụọ osisi", ebe ọ bụ na enwere ike nweta ya site na ịgba osisi. Ọ na-adịkarịghị, mgbe ndị na-eme mmanya na-amaghị ihe na-agwakọta obere iberibe osisi na akwụkwọ osisi na mkpụrụ vaịn, methanol nwere ike ịhụ dị ka ihe na-emetọ mmiri, ethanol na ihe ndị ọzọ sitere na gbaa ụka mkpụrụ vaịn.
Ụzọ kacha mma isi nweta methanol sitere na osisi bụ syngas (CO, CO2, H2) nke osisi pyrolysis anhydrous na-emepụta, bụ usoro nke ndị Ijipt oge ochie chọpụtara.
Enwere ike iji methanol dị ka ihe mgbakwunye oxygen bara ụba maka mmanụ ụgbọala. Agbanyeghị, ọ na-adịkarị ọnụ ala karịa imepụta methanol sitere na methane ma ọ bụ site na syngas. Methanol bụ isi ihe kachasị mkpa maka kemịkalụ mmepụta ihe, ebe a na-ejikarị eme ka ụmụ irighiri ihe dị mgbagwoju anya site na mmeghachi omume nke halogenation na mmeghachi omume mgbakwunye kemịkalụ.
Tanki
Nnukwu tankị agha America M1 Abrams na-akwado site na turbine gas nke 1,500 hp (1,100 kW), na ọ na-enwe ike iji ngwakọta na 50% nke ntụ ntụ na biodiesel, mmanụ dizel ma ọ bụ kerosene rụọ ọrụ. Uru ya n'elu turbo-dizel engine, bụ obere size na ìhè arọ, enweghị radiator (nke na-enye ihe uru megide mmetụta nke egbe na egbe egbe na ogbunigwe etiwa ahụhụ na agha). A ndọghachi azụ bụ nnukwu mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, ebe ọ bụ na turbine engine enweghị ike na-arụ ọrụ na a ala revolutions kwa nkeji ọnụego, nnọọ ala karịa mma, na n'oge njem a engine na-eri ugboro abụọ karịa mmanụ ụgbọala dị ka a ọgbara ọhụrụ turbo-dizel engine na. intercooler na kpọmkwem injections.
Ihe owuwu
Osisi dị obere n'ịdị arọ, n'ihi na ịdị arọ ya kpọmkwem erughị 500 kg/m3, nke a bụ uru, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2,000–2,500 kg/m3 maka konkịtị gbasiri ike ma ọ bụ 7,800 kg/m3 maka ígwè.
Osisi siri ike, n'ihi na arụmọrụ nke osisi maka ihe nhazi nwere àgwà ndị yiri ígwè.
Àkwà mmiri, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, micro-hydro, ọdụ ụgbọ elu
A na-eji osisi wuo àkwà mmiri (dị ka àkwà mmiri Magere dị na Amsterdam), yana mmiri na ikuku ikuku, yana micro-hydro generators maka ọkụ eletrik.
Ụlọ
A na-eji osisi siri ike mee ihe n'ime ụlọ osisi, na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu akụkụ. N'ụlọ ọdịnala, a na-ahọrọ osisi maka elu ụlọ, ọnụ ụzọ, ala na windo. A na-ejikarị okpokolo agba eme ihe maka elu ụlọ, mana ha nwere ike ịda n'oge ọkụ
Mmepe nke ụlọ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ike nke gụnyere "ụlọ na-agafe agafe" emezigharịrị mkpa osisi dị n'ịrụ ụlọ, n'ihi na osisi na-enye ihe mkpuchi na mkpuchi ọkụ, na-arụpụta ihe dị mma karịa kọmpụta.
Ụlọ ndị na-eguzogide ala ọma jijiji
Na Japan, ụlọ ochie, nke dịtụ elu elu, dị ka pagodas, akụkọ ihe mere eme egosila na ha nwere ike iguzogide ala ọma jijiji nke oke ike, n'ihi usoro ụlọ omenala, na-eji nkwonkwo na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ikike dị mma nke okpokolo agba osisi na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke ọma. banye siri ike accelerations na mkpakọ mkpakọ.
Ịrụ ụgbọ mmiri
Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide bụ osisi sitere na Virginian Southern na-ebi ndụ osisi oak na osisi oak, karịsịa ndụ osisi oak bụ 60% siri ike karịa osisi oak ma na-eguzogide mmiri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akụkụ bụ isi na nhazi ụgbọ mmiri USS Constitution, ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri kacha ochie nyere ọrụ n'elu (nke ewepụtara na 1797) bụ osisi oak.
Ịrụ ọrụ osisi
Ịrụsi ụra nke ọma
Ịrụ ọrụ n'ụra (SE) bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'etiti oge mmadụ na-ehi ụra, na oge niile a rara nye ihi ụra (ya bụ, ma ihi ụra ma ịnwa ihi ụra ma ọ bụ ihi ụra). A na-enye ya dị ka pasent. SE nke pasentị iri asatọ (80) ma ọ bụ karịa a na-ewere dị ka nke dị mma / nke dị mma na ọtụtụ ndị okenye na-eto eto nwere ahụike na-egosipụta SE n'elu pasentị iri itoolu (90%). [isi iyi dị mma] Enwere ike ikpebi SE na polysomnograph ma bụrụ ihe nke ọmụmụ ụra.
A na-akọwakarị ịrụ ọrụ n'ụra dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'etiti oge ụra ("oge ụra zuru ezu (TST) "), na oge "n'àkwà" ("oge n'àkwù (TIB) "), Otú ọ dị, TIB anaghị agụnye "ihe omume ndị na-emetụaghị ụra" nke a na-eme n'àgwà (dịka ịgụ, ikiri telivishọn, wdg) dịka ahịrịokwu ahụ nwere ike ịtụ ar.
Ihe ọ pụtara n'ihe gbasara ahụike
O doro anya na ogologo oge ụra nwere ike ịbụ n'ezie ihe ịrịba ama nke ịdị ala ụra. SE na-elebata anya nke ụkwụ na ehighị ụra nke ọma; ya mere, SE bụ ihe dị mkpa na nyocha ahụike nke ehighị ụra. SE na-ebelata n'ihi afọ nakwa SE dị ala bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ndị agadi. Ọzọkwa, a na-ahụkarị ọnụọgụ dị ala nke SE na ọmụmụ ụra nke ndị dị ime ma na-akọwakarị ya site na oge mmụba nke ịmụrụ anya mgbe ụra bịdọrọ ("mbilite n'ụra mgbe ụra bidọrọ (WASO) ").
Nnyocha
Nnyocha ụfọdụ ekwuola na mmegarị ahụ bara uru na SE n'ime ndị na-arịa ọrịa ehighị ụra. Otú ọ dị, nyocha meta nke ọmụmụ anọ (nke nwere ngụkọta nke ndị sonyere 186) achọpụtaghị mmega ahụ iji metụta SE nke ukwuu na ndị na-enweghị ehihie.
Nyochaa banyere isiokwu sitere n'agbụrụ ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta ndị Afrịka na South Amerika chọpụtara na a ga-atulerịta SE ha na SE ndị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Edensibịa
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Edith Agu-Ogoke
Edith Ogoke (28 Ọgọstụ, Owerri ) bụ nwa agbọghọ Naijiria na-akụ ọkpọ. N'egwuregwu Olimpik Summer 2012, ọ gbara asọmpi n'asọmpị ịdị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị, mana e meriri ya na agba nke abụọ.
Na 2014 Commonwealth Games, o meriri ihe nrite ọla, na-eti Shiromali Weerarathna tupu ọ merie Savannah Marshall.
Edensịbịa
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Emeka Ilechukwu
Emeka Ilechukwu (amụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1975) bụ onye na-ese ma na-emepụta nka na Naijiria nke na-eji ọtụtụ ihe emepụta nka akụkụ atọ (3D). Ọtụtụ oge na nka akpụrakpụ ma nke eserese.
Akụkọ ndụ
Ilechukwu si Nnewi, obodo dị na Anambra steeti, Naịjirịa. Ọ gara Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. Ilechukwu nwere Higher National Diploma (HND) na Fine Arts ma ọ bụ ọkachamara na ihe ọkpụkpụ.
Ihe ngosi
N'afọ 2016, Ilechukwu sonyere na ihe ngosi Art, the Retro Africa Way nke akpọrọ Africa Modernism. Ilechukwu sonyere ndị ọzọ na-emepụta nka mgbe a mere mmemme a, n'etiti ha bụ Duke Asidere, Anthea Epelle, Tyna Adebowale, Joe Essien, Joseph Eze, Anthonia Nneji, Bob-Nosa Uwagboe, Khenye Gager, Chika Idu, Chukz Oknokwo, Karen Gager, Terna Iwar, Tolu Aliki, Frank Enebeli, Uchay Joel Chima, na ndị ọzọ. Ilechukwu ahazila ihe ngosi ise naanị ya mere, salons iri ise ma mekọta ihe ngosi ya na ndị omenka ndị ọzọ nọ na mpaghara à na mba ụwa.
Ọrụ ńká
Ihe osise Ilechukwu sitere na ahụmịhe na ihe omume na-eme gburugburu ya. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise ya sitere n'ihe omume dị kà Mother's Day, ụwa ịntanetị nkè ugbu à na-agbanwe agbanwe, wdg
Edensibịa
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Nka Igbo Òtù:Ǹkà
Christina McAnea
Christina McAnea (amụrụ n'afọ 1958) bụ onye isi otu ọrụ na Scotland. bu onye ndu otu ndi ahia nke Scotland. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Unison n'ọnọdụ nke Dave Prentis. Wee weghara ọkwa ahụ na 22 Jenụwarị 2021.
Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Christina McAnea na 1958 na Glasgow wee tolite na mpaghara Drumchapel, ebe ọ gara St. Pius School (ugbu a ebe Drumchapel High School). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Civil Service, National Health Service na retail, tupu ọ gaa na Mahadum Strathclyde iji mụọ Bekee na akụkọ ihe mere eme..
Onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Unison(General Secretary of Unison)
A họpụtara McAnea ka ọ nọchie Dave Prentis ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Unison na 11 Jenụwarị 2021, mgbe ọ nwetasịrị 47.7% nke votu ndị otu. Prentis abụrụla odeakwụkwọ ukwu afọ iri abụọ. Ọ malitere ọrụ na Jenụwarị 22, 2021..
Ndụ onwe ya
McAnea luru di ma bikwara na ndịda London. O nwere ụmụ abụọ ndị toro eto. McAnea soro ma bụru kwa onye otu Labour Party. Na mbido afọ 1980, ọ bụ onye otu Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).
Tadelech Bekele
Tadelech Bekele (amụrụ na ụbọsị iri na otu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1991) bụ onye Etiopia na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge.
Ọrụ
Na afọ 2012, o meriri České Budějovice Half Marathon na oge nke 1:10:54. N'afọ a, o merikwara Prague Grand Prix na oge nke 15:48, afọ ikpeazụ Prague Grand Prix bụ ọsọ kilomita ise maka ụmụ nwaanyị.
Na afọ 2014, o meriri Berlin Half Marathon na oge nke 1:10:05. N'afọ 2017 na 2018 ọ meriri na Amsterdam Marathon.
Na Berlin Marathon ọ gwụchara n'ọnọdụ nke anọ na 2014 Berlin Marathon na 2015 Berlin Marathon.
Na 2018 London Marathon ọ gwụchara n'ọnọdụ nke atọ na oge nke 2:21:40.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Abebe Bikila
thumb|Abebe Bikila Shambel Abebe Bikila (Amharic: Shambel Abebe Bikila; Ọgọst 7, 1932 – Ọktoba 25, 1973) bụ onye ọgba ọsọ marathon nke Etiopia bụ onye na-agba ọsọ marathon Olympic azụ na azụ. Ọ bụ onye Etiopia mbụ nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo n'egwuregwu Olympic, na-emeri ihe nrite ọla edo nke mbụ ya na Africa na asọmpi Summer Olympic 1960 na Rome mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ ụkwụ efu. Na 1964 Tokyo Olympic, o meriri nrite ọla edo ya nke abụọ. N'aka nke ya, ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu mbụ gbachitere aha marathon Olympic nke ọma. Na mmeri abụọ ahụ, ọ gbara ọsọ na oge ndekọ ụwa.
A mụrụ ya na Shewa, Abebe kwagara Addis Ababa n'ihe dị ka afọ 1952 wee sonye na 5th Infantry Regiment nke Ethiopian Imperial Guard, otu ndị agha nke chebere eze ukwu nke Ethiopia. N'ịbanye aha dị ka onye agha tupu ọrụ egwuregwu ya, ọ rịgooro n'ọkwa <i id="mwKA">shambel</i> (kaptịn). Abebe sonyere na ngụkọta nke marathons iri na isii. Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na marathon mbụ ya na Addis Ababa, merie agbụrụ iri na abụọ ndị ọzọ, wee bụrụ onye nke ise na 1963 Boston Marathon. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 1967, ọ merụrụ ahụ nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ metụtara egwuregwu nke gbochiri ya ịmecha marathons abụọ ikpeazụ ya. Abebe bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ na ịgba ọsọ ogologo oge. Mamo Wolde, Juma Ikangaa, Tegla Loroupe, Paul Tergat, na Haile Gebrselassie Tianall ndị natara New York Road Runners' Abebe Bikila Award bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-eme egwuregwu ndị sochiri nzọụkwụ ya iji guzobe East Africa dị ka ike na-agba ọsọ ogologo. Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements
Alemayehu Fentaw
Alemayehu Fentaw Weldemariam (amuru 8 June 1980) bu onye okachamara iwu iwu obodo Etiopia, onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi, onye nyocha esemokwu, na onye nwere ọgụgụ isi ọha.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Alemayehu Fentahun na Alamata, Tigray Province, Ethiopia na 8 June 1980. Alemayehu Weldemariam na-akụzi Iwu Iwu na Mekelle University School of Law ebe ọ bụkwa onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke Law Review. O nwere Master of Science in Conflict Analysis & Resolution (2016) site na Mahadum George Mason dị na Arlington, Virginia na Master of Arts (summa cum laude) na Peace & Conflict Studies (2009) site na European University Center for Peace Studies na Stadtschlaining, Austria, ebe ọ bụkwa onye otu Salzburg Global Seminar. E wezụga nke ahụ, ọ bụ onye otu Academy for International Business Officials, na Beijing, China. Ọzọkwa, ọ natara LL.B degree site na Addis Ababa University School of Law na July 2005. Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Fanie Eloff
A mụrụ Fanie Eloff, (afọ 1885 rụọ afọ 1947) A mụrụ Stephanus Johannes Paulus Eloff dị ka nwa nke isii na nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Frederik Christoffel Eloff na Elsie Francina Eloff (née Kruger). Ha bi n'akụkụ nna nna ya, Onye isi ala Paul Kruger nke Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek n'okporo ámá ụka na Pretoria.
Eloff tinyere ndị ọzọ nwere mmetụta na South African Artists dị ka Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef, Gerard Moerdijk na Gordon Leith gara Staats Model School na Pretoria ruo ógè agha Anglo Boer (1899-1902) bịdọrọ. Ezinụlọ Eloff sooro Paul Kruger gaa mba ọzọ na Switzerland ógè ọdịda nke Pretoria n'ubochí ato n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 1900. Mgbe Kruger nwụsịrị n'afọ 1904 ndị Eloff laghachiri Pretoria ma Fanie Eloff gụsịrị akwụkwọ. O debara aha na South African School of Mines na Johannesburg maka ọmụmụ na geology.
N'afọ 1908, Fanie kpebiri ịga n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya na Europe, na Mahadum Sorbonne dị na Paris. Mgbe obere oge gasịrị na Paris, ihe ọkpụkpụ nke obodo ahụ kpaliri ya nke na o kpebiri ịgbaso nke a dị ka ọrụ. O bu ụzọ debanye aha n'ihe banyere ọmụmụ Anatomy na Jardin Des Plantes na Eloff natara klas mbụ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ nka nke Peter David Edstrom, na Paris. áká_èkpè|thumb|Boxer nke Fanie Eloff, Bronze (1912) 1050mm elu N'afọ 1912 o sonyere na 130 De Salon, Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées ma mepụta ọrụ ya akpọrọ Boxer. Mgbe ụfọdụ ọrụ a natara na ndị nta akụkọ, na mpaghara na mba ofesi, a nabatara ya na Union Internationale des Beaux-Arts et des Lettres. Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Mbụ malitere (afọ 1914 rụọ afọ 1919), nne na nna ya mere ka ọ laghachi South Africa n'afọ 1922 ọ laghachiri Paris. N'afọ 1924, ọ banyere ihe ọkpụkpụ abụọ n'egwuregwu Olympic na Paris nke Boxer bụ otu n'ime ha.
Site n'ịhụnanya ya n'ihe banyere nka niile, ọ bịara hụ Ballet na nka n'anya, ma bụrụ enyi ọtụtụ ndị na-agba egwu. O mere ka ụfọdụ ndị na-agba egwu na-ese ya ma bụrụ onye a maara maka ịgba egwu ya. Na mwakpo nke Paris n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ (1939-1945) Fanie gbapụrụ ma laghachi South Africa. N'afọ 1945, South African Academy of Science & Art, nyere Fanie Medal of Honour maka nka. Ahụ ike ya ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akawanye njọ n'oge a, n'ihi ya, arụpụta ihe ya belatara. Ọ nwụrụ n'oge ịwa ahụ mberede na General Hospital dị na Pretoria. E debere ala ya niile, gụnyere ihe dị na ụlọ ọrụ ya na Paris, n'ahịa ọha na eze na 1948. E liri Fanie Eloff n'ili ozu Rebecca street na Pretoria West.
Ihe ọkpụkpụ
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a maara ọrụ otu narị na abụọ nke Fanie Eloff. N'ime ọrụ ndị a, ọtụtụ dị na nchịkọta nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị kachasị dị ka Pretoria Art Museum, University of Pretoria, Centre Georges Pompidou, Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History, Ditsong Kruger House Museum, National Gallery na Cape town na South African Academy of Science & Art. áká_èkpè|thumb|Rhapsody nke Fanie Eloff, Bronze (1935) 820mm elu Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya na-egosi n'ihu ọha. Mmụọ nke Egwuregwu na Pilditch Stadium, ebe a na-eli nne na nna ya na Pretoria West Cemetery Nkume ili nke Koos de la Rey na Lichtenburg (E zuuru n'ili ozu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2021) na ite ọla nchara n'ihu ụlọ Union Buildings.
Julia Stone
Julia Natasha Stone (amụrụ 13 Eprel 1984) bụ onye Australia na-abụ abụ-onye na-agụ abụ na ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa. Ọ bụ nwanne ọkara nke Angus &amp; Julia Stone ma bụrụkwa onye na-agụ egwú solo. Mpụta mbụ ya album, The Memory Machine, ka ewepụtara na Septemba 2010. A tọhapụrụ album solo ya nke abụọ, Site na Horns na Mee 2012, wee nọrọ na No. 11 na Chart Album ARIA.
Ndụ mbido
Julia Natasha Stone mụrụ na 13 Eprel 1984 wee tolite na Sydney. Ndị mụrụ ya, Kim na John Stone, bụ ndị egwu ọdịnala. Nwanne okenye nke Stone bụ Catherine (amụrụ ca. 1982) na nwanne ya nwoke nke nta bụ Angus Stone (amụrụ 27 Eprel 1986). Nkume gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Newport na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Barrenjoey. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ọ sonyeere ndị egwu ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na nna ya na-akụzi ihe na ụmụnne ya so ya. Na nnọkọ ezinụlọ mgbe ụmụaka na-eme egwuregwu, Stone na-akpọ opi, Catherine na saxophone na Angus na trombone na Kim na-abụ abụ na John na kiiboodu ma ọ bụ guitar.
2005- dị ugbu a: Julia na Angus
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mgbe ya na nwanne ya nwoke nọ na South America na ezumike, nkà egwu egwu ya masịrị Stone masịrị, "[Angus] na-ede egwu dị ịtụnanya ... [ọ] gosiri m otú e si egwu guitar na Bolivia, na ndị ahụ. egwu enwetala m n'afọ ahụ." N'ikpeazụ, Stone malitere ide egwu nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule 2005 Nkume na-egwuri egwu n'abalị mic mepere emepe, mgbe ụfọdụ Angus rụrụ ụda nkwado - egwu mbụ ha, na Coogee Bay Hotel, ha rụrụ "Anya mmiri". Mgbe ha na-egwu egwu nkewa na onye ọ bụla na-abụ abụ na-akwado ihe ndị ọzọ, na 2006, ha malitere duo, Angus &amp; Julia Stone. Na March n'afọ ahụ ụzọ abụọ debut ha mpụta mbụ ogologo play, Chocolates na sịga, nke e wepụtara na August. Kemgbe ahụ otu ahụ ewepụtala EP ise, ọba mkpokọta na ọba studio anọ. thumb| Angus &amp; Julia Stone (Julia n'aka ekpe) na-eme na Falls Festival, Marion Bay, Tasmania, Disemba 2007. Album nke abụọ Angus & Julia Stone, Down the Way (March 2010), arụpụtara na ọnụọgụgụ otu na Chart Albums ARIA wee nweta asambodo 3× platinum na 2011. Ọ bụ ọba egwu kacha ere nke onye na-ese ihe Australia maka 2010. Na ARIA Music Awards nke 2010 duo meriri ARIA Album of the Year for Down the Way na ARIA Single of the Year maka " Big Jet Plane ". Egwu ahụ, "Big Jet Plane", bụ ndị na-ege ọdụ ọdụ a họpụtara na ọnụọgụ-otu na Triple J Hottest 100 na 2011.
2010-ugbu a: Solo ọrụ
N'agbanyeghị na ọ nwetara otuto dị egwu dị ka onye duo, Stone ebidola ọrụ egwu ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-egwu naanị ya. Na Septemba 2010, mgbe afọ ise nke ndekọ na njem na duo gachara, Stone wepụtara ya mpụta mbụ album, The Memory Machine, nke e depụtara na ARIA Albums Chart n'ime elu. 100. Ndị Fans na ndị nkatọ nabatara ya nke ọma. Poppy Reid nke The Music Network chọpụtara na "Julia na-eji akwụkwọ mmado ihe nkiri egwu egwu mara nkọ nke onye na-ese ihe UK bụ Caroline Pedler sere. Ihe ịma ọkwa ndị ahụ na-egosipụta isiokwu sitere na egwu ọ bụla; N'ezie, ha niile na-egosi Julia dị ka onwe ya."
Na June 2011 ọ bụrụ abụ nkwado na "Ị Ga-aghọta" maka egbugbere ọnụ na-egbuke egbuke na Edward Sharpe na Igwe Igwe Igwe Ọdụdọ na egwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na Hollywood ebe a na-eli ozu. N'August afọ ahụ Nkume kwadoro onye ya na ya na-emekọ ihe, Doveman, na ihe ngosi na California na New York.
Na 25 Mee 2012 Nkume wepụtara album solo ya nke abụọ, Site na mpi, n'otu oge gburugburu ụwa, nke rụrụ arụ na No. 11 na Chart Album ARIA. Nkume kọwara ide abụ ndị ahụ wee kewapụ onwe ya na Angus nwa oge, "[w] e na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ndekọ ọhụrụ mana ọ naghị adị ya mma. . . Anọ m na-eche 'M ga-eme ya ugbu a, anyị ga-achọpụta ihe ga-eme mgbe ọ mere'" "Mgbe ahụ, mụ na Angus na-ekwurịta okwu na ekwentị, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na ihe ndị ọzọ n'onwe ya, anyị abụọ kwenyekwara - anyị abụọ nọ n'otu ebe, dị njikere ijikọta nchịkọta egwu nke anyị." Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na album na California, France, Australia na India.
Na mbụ ewepụtara na 2010, Julia's cover version nke "Ị bụ Onye M Chọrọ" egosila na UK na Irish TV channel, Sky 's identification ad. Egwu ahụ banyere na eserese UK iTunes ka ọ gbasaa na azụmahịa.
N'afọ 2015, e gosipụtara nkume na otu Jarryd James, " N'agbanyeghị " nke ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ 48 na Australia na August.
Na Febụwarị 2020, Stone weputara ụdị mkpuchi nke " akwa na-ere ọkụ ". Egwu a bụ onye ndu otu sitere na album mmekọ ọnụ Songs for Australia, ewepụtara na 5 Maachị 2020.
Na Julaị 2020, ekwenyela na Stone abanyela na BMG Australia yana na 31 Ọktoba 2020, Stone kwupụtara na album studio nke atọ ya, Sixty Summers, ga-ewepụta na 30 Eprel 2021. EiC Na Nọvemba 2021, Stone kwupụtara mwepụta nke ọba ekeresimesi akpọrọ Ihe niile bụ ekeresimesi. Na nkwupụta na-eso ya, Stone kwuru, "Egwu ekeresimesi abụwo akụkụ mara mma na nke na-enweghị atụ nke ndụ m. Nke a bụ ndekọ m na-achọbu ịme. Ọ nọwo n'ime m ogologo oge."
Ime ihe
Na Septemba 2012, o gosipụtara na mkpọsa, 30 Songs / 30 Days, iji kwado Half the Sky: Turning Uppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, a multi-platform media project nke Nicholas Kristof na Sheryl WuDunn 's akwụkwọ nke otu aha. .
ARIA Music Awards
Ihe nrite egwu ARIA bụ emume nturu ugo kwa afọ nke na-amata ịdị mma, ihe ọhụrụ na mmezu n'ụdị egwu Australia niile.
Ntụaka
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Kọmitii Mba Nile
thumb|Akụkụ nke Canada na United States (gụnyere na Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, n'elu) kewara site na ókèala nke dị na mmiri. Akụkụ buru ibu nke ókèala Canada na US dị na Great Lakes. The International Joint Commission (French: Commission mixte internationale) bụ a bi-mba nzukọ hibere site na ọchịchị nke United States na Canada n'okpuru Boundary Waters Treaty nke 1909. Ọrụ ya na-agbasawanye na mbinye aka nke Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. 1972 (E mechara emezigharị 1987 na 2012). Kọmishọna a na-ahụ maka okwu metụtara oke mmiri na ụzọ mmiri dị n'akụkụ oke Canada-United States.
Kọmishọna ndị otu isii, o nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba ngalaba, nke na-ahụ maka akụkụ ụfọdụ nke oke oke-mmiri, ma ọ bụ isiokwu, yana ndị ọrụ nka iji hazie ma gwa ndị ọrụ ọrụ.