cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric temperature
Okpomọkụ na ịdị elu
thumb|200x200px|Ihe oyiyi ndị a na-egosi ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'ime okpomọkụ abụọ dị arọ nke ikuku dị ka usoro ngwaọrụ satellite si tụọ n'etiti Jenụwarị 1979 na Disemba 2005.Microwave Sounding Units na Advanced Microwave Soundin Units na-efe n'usoro nke National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite ihu igwe.Ngwá ọrụ ahụ na-edekọ ike microwave sitere na oxygen molecules na ikuku. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|1165x1165px|Ihe oyiyi na-egosi ọdịdị kwụ ọtọ nke ikuku dịka ọdịiche okpomọkụ si dị. Okpomọkụ na-adịgasị ichè íchè na ịdị elu dị ichè ichè dabere na elu ụwa na ọdịiche a na okpomọkụ na'okpomọkụ na na-egosipụta ọkwa anọ dị na ikuku. Ákàrà ndị a gụnyere troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, na thermosphere.
Troposphere bụ nké kachasị ala n'ime okpukpu anọ ahụ, na-agbasa site n'elu ụwa ruo ihe dị ka irí na otu (6.8 mi) n'ime ikuku ébé tropopause (ókè dị n'etiti troposphere stratosphere) dị. Obosara nke troposphere nwèrè ike ịdịgasị iche dabere na latitude, dịka ọmụmaatụ, troposphere dị arọ na okpomọkụ (ihe dị ka kilomita iri na isii (9.9 mi)) n'ihi na okpompe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ozuzu ya, ma dị gịrịgịrị na poles (ihe dị ka kilomita asatọ (5.0 )) n"ihi na poles na-ajụ oyi. Okpomọkụ dị na ikuku na-ebelata na ịdị elu na nkezi nke 6.5 °C (11,7 °F) kwà kilomita. N'ihi na troposphere na-enwe okpomọkụ kachasị ọkụ na nso n'elu ụwa, enwere nnukwu mmegharị nke okpomọkụ na mmiri mmiri, na-akpata ọgba aghara. Mgbagwoju anya a, tinyere ọnụnọ nke mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ, bụ ihe kpatara ihu igwe na-eme n'ime troposphere.
Na-esote tropopause bụ stratosphere. Akara a na-agbasa site na tropopause ruo stratopause nke dị n'ebe dị elu nke ihe dị ka iri ise (31 mi). Okpomọkụ na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide na ịdị elu site na tropopause ruo n'ịdị elu nke kilomita iri abụọ (12 ), mgbè nkè ahụ gasịrị ha na-amalite ịbawanye na ịdị elu. A na-akpọ ihe a na-eme dị ka ntụgharị ma ọ bụ n'ihi ntụgharị a ka a naghị akọwa stratosphere dị ka ọgba aghara. stratosphere na-enweta okpomọkụ ya site na anyanwụ na ozone nké na-amịkọrọ radieshon ultraviolet.
A na-akpọ ọkwa ọzọ mesosphere nke na-agbasa site na stratopause ruo mesopause, nke dị na ịdị elu nke kilomita iri asatọ na ise (53 ). Okpomọkụ dị na mesosphere na-ebelata na ịdị elu ma bụrụ n'ezie nke kachasị jụụ na ikuku nke ụwa Nke a nwèrè ike ịkọwa mbelata nke okpomọkụ site na radiation na-ebewanye elu nke anyanwụ nwetara, mgbè ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ya ejirila thermosphere.
A maara ọkwa nké anọ nké ikuku dị ka thermosphere nké na-agbasa site na mesopause rụọ 'n'elu' nke ikuku mgbagwoju anya. Enwere ike ịchọta ụfọdụ n'ime okpomọkụ kachasị ọkụ na thermosphere, n'ihi nnata ya nke radiation ionizing siri ike na ọkwa nkè eriri radiation Van Allen.
Okpomọkụ dị iche iche
Mgbanwe nké okpomọkụ nké na-eme site na elu nke ụbọchị rụọ na oyi nkè abalị a na-akpọ mgbanwe okpomọkụ ehihie. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nwekwara ike ịdabere na ógè nke otu ọnwa, ma ọ bụ otu afọ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okpomọkụ ikuku dị n'ala na-adabere n'ọtụtụ ihe, dị ka:
Na Campinas, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị na Julaị (ọnwa kachasị jụụ n'afọ) nwèrè ike ịdị iche n'etiti degrees Celsius irí na irí abụọ na ano (nke dị iri na ano), ébé na Jenụwarị, ọ nwèrè ike ịdị n'etiti 20 na 30 degrees Celsius ( nke dị 10).
Mmetụta nke latitude, ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, ikuku na-adịghị mma na ébé ndị dị n'akụkụ oké osimiri na-egosi obere okpomọkụ, ntakịrị ọdịiche nke okpomọkụ. Nkezi okpomọkụ kachasị elu kwa afọ bụ 28.7 degrees Celsius na nkezi kacha nta bụ 21.9. Nkezi okpomọkụ bụ 5.7 degrees naanị. Mgbanwe okpomọkụ n'afọ niile na Aracaju na-ebelata nke ukwuu (mgbanwe ọkọlọtọ nke 1.93 màkà okpomọkụ kachasị na 2.72 màkà okpompe kacha nta).
Ihe ọ pụtara
A na-ewere ébé nké jikọtara nkezi okpomọkụ nke Celsius iri na itoolu, pasenti iri isii nkezi iru mmiri na okpomọkụ dị ihe dị ka Celsius iri gbụrụ-gbúrụ nkezi okirikiri (mgbanwe okpomọkụ kwa afọ) dị mma n'ihe gbasara nkasi obi maka ụdị mmadụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ebe ndị nwere njirimara ndị a dị na mgbanwe n'etiti ihu igwe na okpomọkụ, dịka gbụrụ-gbúrụ okpomọkụ ahụ, ọkachasị na Southern hemisphere (okpomọkụ nke Capricorn). [citation needed]
Okpomọkụ kacha nta e buliri elu
A hụla na okpomọkụ kachasị n'abalị dị jụụ, nké doro anya anaghị eme n'ala, kama ọ bụ iri sentimita ole na ole n'elu ala. A na-akpọ okpomọkụ kachasị ala Ramdas mgbè L. A. Ramdas, onye mbụ kọrọ ihe omume a n'afọ 1932 dabere na nchọpụta dị ichè íchè na ébé isii na-ahụ màkà ihu igwe gafee India. A na-ekwu na ihe omume a sitere na mmekọrịta nkè mmetụta radieshon okpomọkụ na ikuku ikuku na mbufe convection dị nso n'ala.
Okpomọkụ ụwa
A na-ejikarị echiche nké okpomọkụ ụwa eme ihe na climatology, ma na-egosi nkezi okpomọkụ nke ụwa dabere na elu, nso elu ma ọ bụ ọnụọgụ tropospheric. A na-enwetakarị ihe ndekọ okpomọkụ na nha ndị a site na iji satellite ma ọ bụ nyocha okpomọkụ nke ala, mgbè ahụ na-ejikarị nchekwa data ma ọ bụ ụdị kọmputa chịkọta. A na-achọpụta okpomọkụ ụwa ogologo ógè na paleoclimate site na iji data proxy.
Edensibia
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
16 Eprel
16 Eprel bu ubochi nke 16th (nke iri na ishii) na onwa ana kpo Eprel. Na Gregorian calender, 16 Eprel bu ubochi nke 106th (107th na afo nke ana-kpo leap year) na afo. Anyi nwere agugu ubochi 259 du mgbe afo na agwu.
Onye wuru
Òtù:Eprel
Nestor Hernández
Nestor Hernández (1961 rụo ụbọchị irí na atọ n'ọnwa Mée, 2006) bụ ónyé America na-ese foto na onye nta akụkọ foto nke Cuban, nke bi na Washington, DC. A maara Hernández nke ọma màkà foto okporo ámá ya nke Washington, DC ya na ihe nkírí okporo ámá nke Cuba, Ghana na Mali, ebe ọ na-eduzi ọrụ nka màkà ụmụaka na ndị okenye na-eto eto.
Ọrụ
A mụrụ Hernández na 1961 na Washington, DC nke nna Afro-Cuban na nne African-American, ọ tolitere na mpaghara DC na-amaghị ihe banyéré ndị nná nna ya Afro- Cuban na ndị ikwu Cuban.
Hernández malitere ise foto n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị site na Urban Journalism Workshop nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze DC. Ọ nọrọ afọ iri na ise dị ka ónyé na-ese foto màkà Capital Children's Museum, wee bụrụ ónyé isi na-ese ihe màkà usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke Washington, DC. Foto ya pụtara n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ.
A gụnyere foto ya na gallery, oghere nka na ihe ngosi ihe mgbè ochie, gụnyere ihe ngosi na-adịgide adịgide, na gburugburu Greater Washington, DC isi ọbọdọ, ọbọdọ dị iche iche nke America, Havana, Cuba, na Accra, Ghana. Dị ka ónyé na-ese foto, e bipụtara foto ya n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin, dị ka The Metro Herald, The International Review of African American Art, Port of Harlem magazine, Brookings Review, El Pregonero, The Latin Trade Report, na ndị ọzọ.
Ihe Nrite
N'afọ 2002 ọ natara ònyìnyé "Outstanding Emerging Artist", na 2003 ònyìnyé Artist Fellowship Grant, ma site na DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities. N'afọ 1998 ọ bụ ónyé natara "Community Service Award" nke Exposure Group, African American Photographers Association nyéré, na 2001 a họpụtara ya dị ka "Photographer of the Year" site n'otu njikọ ahụ.
Enweghị ihe ọmụma
Ụdị data na adịghị mma (DD) bụ nke International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) kewara dị ka inye ozi na-ezughị ezu maka nyocha kwesịrị ekwesị nke ọnọdụ nchekwa a ga eme. Nke a anaghị egosi na a mụọbeghị ụdị ahụ nke ọma; mana ọ na-egosi na obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ozi dị na ụba na nkesa nke ụdị ahụ.
IUCN na atụ aro ka e kpachara anya iji zere ịhazi ụdị dị ka "ihe ọmụma na adịghị mma" mgbe enweghị ndekọ nwere ike igosi oke dị ize ndụ: "Ọ bụrụ na a na enyo enyo na a naetiti taxon dị ntakịrị, ọ bụrụ na oge dị ukwuu agafeela kemgbe ndekọ ikpeazụ nke taxon, ọnọdụ a na eyi egwu nwere ike ịbụ ihe ziri ezi" (lee ụkpụrụ nchebe).
Ruger (singer)
Michael Adebayo Olayinka (amụrụ na 23 Septemba 1999), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Ruger, bụ onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu Afrobeat nke Naijiria. Ruger batara n'ìhè n'afọ 2021 mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ nke D'Prince "Jonzing world records" na nkwekọ mbipụta na nkesa na Columbia Records, na Sony Music Entertainment, ngalaba UK. Na 4 Machị 2021, ọ wepụtara EP mbụ ya Pandemic.
"Bounce", ghọrọ nnukwu egwu sitere na Pandemic EP, wee malite na nọmba nke ịrị atọ na itoolu na chaatị Top 50. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ malitere na ọnụọgụ ịrị abụọ na chaatị TurnTable End of the Year. Na 19 Nọvemba 2021, ọ wepụtara EP nke abụọ ya, nke akpọrọ The Second Wave, ọ bụkwa "Dior" si na EP ahụ duziri ya, nke ruru ọnụọgụ ịrị atọ na abụọ na chaatị Top 50, na ọnụọgụ ịrị na ise na UK Afrobeats Singles Chart.
Ọrụ
D'Prince mere ka ọha na eze mara ya, mgbe a tọhapụrụ "One Shirt", ya na Rema. N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2021, ọ wepụtara Ruger, otu aha ya bụ onwe ya na ọrụ EP mbụ ya, nke akpọrọ PANDEMIC. O nwetara nkwado dị ukwuu site na ntọhapụ nke egwuregwu mbụ ya na egwu ya bu "Bounce", nke ghọrọ nnukwu egwu ya, ma ruo n'ọkwa nke mbụ na Apple Music na Naịjirịa, na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka. N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, ọ wepụtara abụọ egwu nke abụọ ya nke akpọrọ The Second Wave, nke Kukbeats mepụtara.
Mpaghara ndị kwụụrụ onwe ha na mba China
Mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya ( AR ; China di mfe) bụ ọkwa mbụ nke ngalaba nhazi ọkwa nke China. Dị ka ógbè ndị China, mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya nwere ọchịchị ime obodo nke ya, mana n'okpuru iwu ndị China, mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya nwere ikike imebe iwu, dị ka ikike '' ịhazi ụkpụrụ nke onwe na ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ dị iche. '' Mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya bụ ọkwa kachasị elu nke agbụrụ pere mpe bụ ndị nweere onwe ha na China, nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu karịa nke otu agbụrụ pere mpe.
Ikike iwu
Mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ha na China enweghị ikike iwu ikewapụ, n'adịghị ka na Soviet Union - Iwu nke ndị mba nke China na nnwere onwe agbụrụ dị iche iche, nke edere n'afọ 1984, na-ekwu na "mpaghara agbụrụ ọ bụla kwụụrụ onwe ya bụ akụkụ na-enweghị ike ikewapụ site na Mba nkeChina, "na" ụdị o bula [...] nkewa [...] bụ nke amachibidoro kpam kpam. "
Ngwakọta mpaghara nke mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe (%, 2000)
Rịba ama: Na kọlụm "Otu nke Kasị Ukwuu" bụ agbụrụ e nyere na brackets, n'aha mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya na ndị Han.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Category:Ngalaba ọkwa ogbe nke China Òtù:Category:Ngalaba Nchịkwa ndị kwụụrụ onwe ha na China Òtù:Category:Mpaghara ndị kwụụrụ onwe ha na China Òtù:Category:Ndekọ ndị nwere asụsụ China dị mfe Òtù:Category:Ndekọ ndị nwere asụsụ China Òtù:Category:Ndekọ ndị nwere asụsụ ọdịnaala China
Kenneth Okolie
Kenneth Obinna Okolie (a mụrụ na Febụwarị 21, 1984) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nlereanya nke Naijiria bụ onye e chiri Mr Nigeria n'afọ 2010 nakwa n'afọ 2015 meriri City People Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor of the Year (English) na City People Entertainment Awards.
Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Okolie bụ nwa afọ Ihiala na Anambra steeti bụ mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa nke ndị igbo nke Naịjirịa bi na ya. Okolie bụ nwa mbụ nne na nna ya mụrụ ma nwee ụmụnne atọ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na B.Sc. na Mahadum Valley View nke mba Ghana.
Ọrụ nlereanya na ime ihe nkiri
Okolie tupu ọ banye na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa malitere dịka onye nlereanya n'afọ 2006, nke ọ kọwara dịka ihe ndabara ka ọ na-akpọrọ enyi ya gaa nyocha maka ndị nlereanya ma ọ dịghị mgbe o bu n'obi isonye na usoro nyocha ahụ mana ndị na-eduzi nyocha ahụ manyere ya inyocha nke a, ọ nabatara arịrịọ ha ma nyochaa. O nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na nyocha ahụ ma họrọ ya wee malite ọrụ ya dịka onye nlereanya. N'afọ 2010, afọ anọ ka ọ malitesịrị ọrụ ngosi uwe ya, Okolie sonyere na asọmpi nwoke Mr Nigeria wee merie. Okolie mgbe o meriri asọmpi ahụ, ọ gara n'ihu na asọmpi Mister World wee pụta dịka onye nke abụọ. Okolie malitere na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa n'afọ 2011. Okolie kọwara ọrụ ya n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naịjirịa dịka ihe ndabara yana ọ dịghị mgbe o bu n'obi ịbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri.
Ndụ onwe
Okolie lụrụ Nwaka Jessica n'afọ 2017 ma n'afọ 2019 ha mụrụ nwa mbụ ha.
Ikpe ntọ nke afọ 2012
N'afọ 2012, Okolie gara Owerri nke bụ isi obodo Imo steeti maka ebumnuche nke ịgba ihe nkiri ya na onye ọrụ ibe Nollywood; Nkiru Sylvanus. A kọrọ na n'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Disemba, a tọọrọ Okolie na Nkiru Sylvanus na ihe mgbapụta nke ~ 100,000,000 (Otu narị nde naira) nke bụ kwa ọnụego mgbanwe n'afọ 2012 ruru $ 640,000 (Narị isii na puku iri anọ US dollar) ka ndị jidere ha chọrọ iji tọhapụ ha. Na Disemba 21, 2012 na 10:30pm n'ụbọchị nke isii kemgbe ha tọọrọ Okolie na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Nkiru Sylvanus ka a tọhapụrụ ma nwetaghachi nnwere onwe. Ọ dịghị mgbe ndị mgbasa ozi Naịjirịa kọrọ ego a kwụrụ maka ntọhapụ ha.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Patrick Chuka
Patrick Chukwuka Onyejiaka (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke ịrị na asaa n'ọnwa Maachị n'afọ 2000), onye a maara dịka Patrick Chuka ma ọ bụ ArtistChuka, bụ onye na-ese ihe na Naijiria nke jị icheku ọkụ na pen ballpoint na-arụ oru. Ọ na-ejikwa mmanụ, pastel na acrylic ese ihe, na-elekwasị anya na nka ya na eziokwu na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke hyperrealism.
Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Chuka na Victoria Island, Lagos Steeti n'ime ezinụlọ mmadụ anọ, ebe ọ bụ nwa mbụ. Ọ bụ onye Abba, Nwangele, Imo State, Nigeria. N'ihi nsogbu ezinụlọ mgbe ọ na-etolite, ezinụlọ ya kwagara ọtụtụ ebe, na-amanye ya ịgbanwe site n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gaa na nke ọzọ. Site na 2010 ruo 2011, ọ gara Federal Government College, Odogbolu, Ogun State, Nigeria maka agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, ọ kwagara Top Highflyer College, Isolo, Lagos State, site na 2012 ruo 2014, tupu ọ kwaga ọzọ na Weenoble International School, Ejigbo, Lagos State, ebe o mechara gụchaa na 2015. Ọ malitere ime nka mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, ozugbo ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Chuka mechara kwaga United States ya na ezinụlọ ya na 2018. Ugbu a, ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke Berkeley City College, Berkeley, California, USA, ebe ọ na-amụ Biology.
Ụdị na nkà ihe ọmụma
Chuka jị icheku ọkụ na pen ballpoint arụ ọrụ. Ọ na-ese ihe na mmanụ, pastel, acrylic ma na-akpụ ihe. Ọ dọọrọ uche gaa n'isiokwu ndị na-aga n'ihu dịka feminism, ikike alụmdi na nwunye maka ndị na-eto eto, ikike LGBTQ na ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na nka ya.
N'afọ 2018, ọ kọwara ihe mere o ji ewe iwe mgbe ọ na-agụ Bible. Ọ katọrọ Solomọn maka ịrịọ Chineke maka Amamihe.
Atụmatụ
Na 16 Jenụwarị 2018, Chuka nwere eserese ya a gụnyere na Brittle Paper na "14: An Anthology of Queer Art, Vol. 2: The Inward Gaze."
N'abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba, e gosipụtara Patrick na BBC.
Ebensidee
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Louis Arnett Stuart Bellinger
thumb Louis Arnett Stuart Bellinger (b. Septemba 29, 1891 na Sumter, SC; nwụrụ. Febụwarị 3, 1946 na Pittsburgh, PA) bụ onye Amerịka na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke na-ahụ maka imepụta ụlọ ndị dị mkpa na nso Pittsburgh.
Ndụ na ọrụ
Bellinger nwetara nzere bachelọ na Architecture na Mahadum Howard n'afọ 1914. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kwagara Philadelphia, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kụziri mgbakọ na mwepụ na Florida na Mahadum Allen na South Carolina. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ndị agha US na 1917, na-enweta ọzụzụ na Fort Des Moines. N'afọ 1919, Bellinger na nwunye ya Ethel kwagara Pittsburgh, onye kụziri egwu (na mbụ na nzuzo ma mesịa na Robert L. Vann Elementary School).
Na mbido na n'etiti afọ 1920, Bellinger rụrụ ọrụ n'ọfịs nke City Architect nke Pittsburgh, na-emepụta ụlọ gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii, ụlọ ọrụ na ogige ntụrụndụ obodo, na nke kachasị, ogige baseball a na-akpọ Central Park. N'afọ 1926, o guzobere ọrụ onwe ya, otu n'ime atụmatụ mbụ ya n'afọ ahụ bụ African Methodist Episcopal Book Concern na 716 S. 19th. St., Philadelphia (nke a kwatuworo ugbu a). N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe na-erughị iri isii African-American architects.
Na ngwụcha afọ 1920 na 1930, Bellinger mepụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ dị mkpa na Pittsburgh, gụnyere New Granada Theater na Hill District, nke e mere maka Knights of Pythias. Ihe owuwu a ka guzo ma gbakwunye ya na Ndepụta nke City of Pittsburgh akụkọ ihe mere eme na Ọktoba 8, 2004, Ndepụta nke Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks na 2007, na National Register of Historic Places na December 27, 2010. N'afọ 1931, Bellinger mepụtara Greenlee Field maka Gus Greenlee, nke ndị otu egwuregwu baseball Negro league ji mee ihe. Atụmatụ ndị ọzọ nke Pittsburgh site na Bellinger gụnyere duplex ya na Ethel na 530 Francis St., ụlọ obibi dị na Centre Ave. na Wylie Ave., na mmezigharị nke ụka na Wilkinsburg na East Liberty.
N'afọ 1932, Bellinger gbara ọsọ dị ka onye Republican maka United States Congress. Nanị onye isi ojii (nke ise) na ntuli aka nke iri atọ na abụọ nke Pennsylvania, a họpụtabeghị ya.
Na ngwụcha afọ 1930, Bellinger kwụsịrị ọrụ onwe ya ma rụọ ọrụ n'obodo ahụ ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onye nyocha ụlọ. N'afọ 1945 na 1946, o mepụtara ọtụtụ atụmatụ ọhụrụ na imezigharị ụlọ ọha na eze na nke onwe.
Bellinger nwụrụ n'ihi ọbara ọgbụgba n'ụbụrụ na Febụwarị 3, 1946. E liri ya na Allegheny Cemetery.
Albert M. Tanner na-ekwu maka mkpa Bellinger dị: "A na-achọta ihe ndị a na-ezo aka na Louis A. S. Bellinger na Negro Artists: An Illustrated Review of Their Achievements (New York: Harmon Foundation, 1935), Theresa Dickason Cederholm, Afro-American Artists: A Bio-bibliographical Directory (Boston Public Library, 1973), na Who Was Who in American Art 1564-1975 (Madison, CT: Sound View Press, 1999). Akụkọ zuru ezu banyere ndụ ya na ọrụ ya pụtara na Afrịka-Amerịka Architects: A Biographical Dictionary 1865-1945 (New York: Routledge, 2004).
Roger Nash Baldwin
thumb|Roger Nash Baldwin Roger Nash Baldwin (January 21, 1884 -August 26, 1981) bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke ACLU ruo afọ 1950.
Afọ ndị mbụ
A mụrụ Baldwin na Wellesley, Massachusetts, nwa Lucy Cushing (Nash) na Frank Fenno Baldwin. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na masta na Mahadum Harvard; mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwagara St. Louis na ndụmọdụ Louis D. Brandeis. N'ebe ahụ, ọ kụziri nkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Washington, rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze ma ghọọ onye isi nnwale nke St. Louis Juvenile Court. Ya na Bernard Flexner dekwara Juvenile Courts and Probation n'oge a; akwụkwọ a ghọrọ ihe nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'oge ya, ọ bụkwa, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, ntọala nke aha mba Baldwin.
Ọrụ
Baldwin bụ onye otu American Union Against Militarism (AUAM), nke megidere itinye aka America na Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Mgbe a gafere Selective Service Act nke afọ 1917, Baldwin kpọrọ oku ka AUAM mepụta nkewa iwu iji chebe ikike nke ndị jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche. N'ọnwa Julaị 1, 1917, AUAM mepụtara Civil Liberties Bureau (CLB), nke Baldwin duziri. CLB kewapụrụ onwe ya na AUAM n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1, 1917, na-akpọ onwe ya National Civil Liberties Bureau, na Baldwin dị ka onye nduzi. N'afọ 1920, a gbanwere aha NCLB ka ọ bụrụ American Civil Liberties Union. na Baldwin na-aga n'ihu dị ka onye isi nchịkwa mbụ nke ACLU.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na 30 Ọktoba n'afọ 1918, dị ka onye jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche n'onwe ya, na-ajụ ọbụna idebanye aha maka draft, ịga nyocha ahụike, ma ọ bụ nabata ọrụ ọ bụla ọzọ dị ka ọrụ ugbo, a mara ya ikpe na Federal Court na New York City otu afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.
Dị ka onye nduzi nke ACLU, Baldwin bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọdịdị nke njirimara mbụ nke njikọ ahụ; ọ bụ n'okpuru nduzi Baldwin ka ACLU mere ụfọdụ n'ime ikpe ya a ma ama, gụnyere ikpe Scopes, ikpe Sacco na Vanzetti, na ihe ịma aka ya maka mmachibido iwu James Joyce's Ulysses. Baldwin lara ezumike nká n'ọchịchị ACLU n'afọ 1950. Ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge ndụ ya niile; dịka ọmụmaatụ, o guzobere International League for the Rights of Man, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka International League for Human Rights.
Na St. Louis, Baldwin enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu site na mmegharị mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke onye anarchist Emma Goldman. Ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nke ụwa. Roger Baldwin lekọtara, dekọọ ma nye ego maka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ikpe nchekwa maka ndị otu I.W.W. na nyocha na United States. Ihe ndekọ zuru oke nke akwụkwọ ozi ya na alaka I.W.W, ndị nyocha na ndị ọka iwu ka Princeton's Mudd Manuscript Library bipụtara.
N'afọ 1927, ọ gara Soviet Union wee dee akwụkwọ, Liberty Under the Soviets. Otú ọ dị, ka e mesịrị, ka ọtụtụ ozi na-apụta banyere ọchịchị Joseph Stalin na Soviet Union, Baldwin bịara na-enwe nkụda mmụọ na ọchịchị Kọmunist ma na 1953 kpọrọ ya "A NEW SLAVERY" (nke a na-akpọ na mbụ). Ọ katọrọ "ndị uwe ojii ọchịchị Kọmunist na-enweghị mmadụ, ọrụ mmanye". N'afọ 1940, Baldwin duziri mkpọsa iji kpochapụ ndị otu ACLU nke ndị otu Communist Party.
N'afọ 1947, General Douglas MacArthur kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa Japan iji kwalite uto nke nnwere onwe obodo na mba ahụ. Na Japan, o guzobere Japan Civil Liberties Union, gọọmentị Japan nyekwara ya Order of the Rising Sun. N'afọ 1948, Germany na Austria kpọrọ ya maka ebumnuche yiri nke ahụ. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 1951.
Afọ ndị sochirinụ
N'afọ 1968, Mahadum Washington dị na St. Louis nyere Baldwin nzere doctorate nke iwu.
Onye isi ala Jimmy Carter nyere Baldwin ihe nrite nke nnwere onwe na Jenụwarị 16, afọ 1981.
Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Onye bi na Oakland, New Jersey, Baldwin nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi na August 26, 1981, na The Valley Hospital na Ridgewood, New Jersey.
Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Chekia
Chekia (Česko), nke ana-kpo kwa, Chek Republic bụ otu obodo no na Obodo Békè. Isi ya bụ Prague.
Lee nke ozo
Òtù:Obodo Békè
Ọjị
thumb|Ọjị Ọjị n'omenala ndi Igbo bụ mkpụrụ osisi eji eme ọbia nakwa emume. Ọjị bụ ihe mbụ a na-enye onye ọbịa ọbụla n' ala Igbo. Ndị Igbo na-akwanyere Oji ugwu nke ukwuu. Naani ndi nwoke na-ari elu ọji mana ndi nwanyi anaghị ari ya.
Ịta oke ọjị na-erighị nri na-ebute Kansa, maka ọjị nwere ihe ana-kpo N-nitroso. N'ala Naigeria, ebe ọtụtụ mmadu na-ata ya, N'Omenaala Igbo, mmemme niile ha na-eme iwu megidere na ọjị ga adị ya n'ihi na ọ bụ ọjị ka ji ekpe ekpere site na-ịgọ ya ka ihe gaara ha nke ọma. Omenaala ndị a gụnyere ịlụ nwaanyị, echimechi,ikupụta nwa nakwa ndị ọzọ. Naanị na-ikwa ozu ka ndị igbo anaghị eji ọjị.
Lee nke ọzọ
Òtù:Mkpuru osisi Òtù:Nri
Nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi
thumb|Ihe ngosi nke Clean Ocean Project Nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi bụ omume nke ichebe gburugburu ebe okike site n'aka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, na otu gọọmentị. Ebumnuche ya bụ ichekwa ihe onwunwe okike na gburugburu ebe obibi okike dị ugbu a na, ebe o kwere omume, idozi mmebi na ịgbanwe ọnọdụ.
N'ihi nrụgide nke oke oriri, mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na teknụzụ, a na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi biophysical, mgbe ụfọdụ na-adịgide adịgide. A matala nke a, gọọmentị amalitela itinye ihe mgbochi na ọrụ ndị na-akpata mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Kemgbe afọ 1960, mmegharị gburugburu ebe obibi emeela ka a mara ọtụtụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Enweghị nkwekọrịta banyere oke mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ mmadụ, ya mere a na-arụrịta ụka mgbe ụfọdụ maka usoro nchebe.
Nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi afọ ofufo
Na mba ndị na-emepụta ihe, nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi afọ ofufo na-enyekarị ikpo okwu maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ga-amata maka ịgafe ụkpụrụ nchịkwa kachasị mma ma si otú a kwado mmepe nke omume gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị mma. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, na India, Environment Improvement Trust (EIT) anọwo na-arụ ọrụ maka nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na ọhịa kemgbe afọ 1998. Na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, dị ka Latin Amerịka, a na-ejikarị nkwekọrịta ndị a eme ihe iji dozie ọkwa dị ukwuu nke na-adịghị agbaso iwu iwu.
Ụzọ gburugburu ebe obibi
Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi maka njikwa akụ na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na-ezube ịtụle mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi dum na mkpebi kama ịzaghachi naanị na nsogbu na ihe ịma aka ụfọdụ. N'ụzọ dị mma, usoro mkpebi n'okpuru usoro dị otú ahụ ga-abụ usoro mmekorita maka ịhazi na ime mkpebi nke na-agụnye ọtụtụ ndị metụtara ya na ngalaba gọọmentị niile dị mkpa, yana ndị nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ, ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi, na obodo. Usoro a na-akwado mgbanwe ozi ka mma, mmepe nke usoro ngwọta esemokwu na nchekwa mpaghara ka mma. Okpukpe na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.
Nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa
thumb|321x321px|Map Kyoto Protocol Commitment 2010 Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe onwunwe ụwa bụ ndị na-adịghị ike karịsịa n'ihi na mmetụta mmadụ na-emetụta ha na mba dị iche iche. N'ihi nke a, ọtụtụ mba na-eme mgbalị iji mepụta nkwekọrịta nke ọtụtụ gọọmentị bịanyere aka na ya iji gbochie mmebi ma ọ bụ jikwaa mmetụta nke ọrụ mmadụ na akụrụngwa. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye nkwekọrịta na-emetụta ihe ndị dị ka ihu igwe, oké osimiri, osimiri na mmetọ ikuku. Nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa ndị a bụ mgbe ụfọdụ akwụkwọ iwu na-ejikọta ya na iwu nke nwere mmetụta iwu mgbe a na-agbasoghị ha ma, n'oge ndị ọzọ, ha bụ nkwekọrịta ndị ọzọ na ụkpụrụ ma ọ bụ maka iji ya dị ka ụkpụrụ omume. Nkwekọrịta ndị a nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụfọdụ nkwekọrịta mba dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ site na mmalite afọ 1910 na Europe, Amerịka na Afrika.
Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ mba ụwa e guzobere mgbe afọ 1945 gasịrị lekwasịrị anya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1960, otu mmegharị gburugburu ebe obibi na-eto eto kpọrọ maka mmekọrịta mba ụwa. E mere Nnọkọ United Nations na gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ na Stockholm na afọ 1972, na-eguzobe echiche nke ikike maka gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma. E guzobere United Nations Environment Programme n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ sochiri ya. Ụfọdụ n'ime nkwekọrịta mba ụwa a ma ama gụnyere Kyoto Protocol nke afọ 1997 na Paris Agreement nke afọ 2015.
N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2021, Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke UN wepụtara mkpebi na-ekweta na ịnweta gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma ma na-adịgide adịgide dị ka ikike zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na mkpebi 48/13, Kansụl ahụ kpọrọ mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa ka ha rụkọọ ọrụ ọnụ, yana ndị mmekọ ndị ọzọ, iji mezuo ikike ọhụrụ a nabatara.
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2022, Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu vootu iji kwupụta ikike ibi na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ọcha, dị mma ma na-adịgide adịgide bụ ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Onye Kọmishọna Ukwu nke UN maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ Michelle Bachelet toro mkpebi ahụ ma kpọọ oku ka e mee ihe ngwa ngwa iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị adị maka mmadụ niile.
Gọọmentị
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|400x400px|Mba ise kachasị elu site na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ Nkwurịta okwu banyere nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na-elekwasịkarị anya na ọrụ gọọmentị, iwu, na mmanye iwu. Otú ọ dị, n'echiche ya sara mbara, nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịhụ dị ka ọrụ nke ndị mmadụ niile ọ bụghị naanị nke gọọmentị. Mkpebi ndị na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ga-emetụta ọtụtụ ndị metụtara gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ, ndị otu ụmụ amaala, ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị nnọchi anya obodo. Nke nta nke nta, usoro mkpebi gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe iji gosipụta nnukwu ntọala nke ndị metụtara ma na-aghọwanye ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'ọtụtụ mba.
Tanzania
Ọtụtụ iwu na-ekweta na Tanzania nwere ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị dị iche iche kachasị ukwuu nke mba Afrịka ọ bụla. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasenti iri anọ nke ala ahụ ka e guzobere n'ime netwọk nke ebe echedoro, gụnyere ọtụtụ ogige ntụrụndụ mba. Nchegbu maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-agụnye mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi yana ọnwụ nke ebe obibi sitere na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, mmụba ọrụ ugbo, mmetọ, iwepụta osisi na ojiji dị ukwuu nke osisi dị ka mmanụ.
Nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na Tanzania malitere n'oge ndị Germany bi n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka (1884-1919) iwu nchedo maka nchedo egwuregwu na ọhịa, ebe a na-etinye ihe mgbochi na ọrụ ọdịnala ndị obodo dị ka ịchụ nta, ịnakọta nkụ, na ịkpa ehi. N'afọ 1948, Serengeti guzobere ogige ntụrụndụ mba mbụ maka nwamba ọhịa n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. Kemgbe afọ 1983, e nweela mgbalị sara mbara iji jikwaa nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ọkwa mba, site na nguzobe National Environment Management Council (NEMC) na mmepe nke omume gburugburu ebe obibi. áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Zebras na mbara ala Serengeti savana n'akụkụ ugwu nke Tanzania Ngalaba nke biosphere bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-ahụ maka nchebe. Ọ na-eme nke a site na ịhazi iwu, ịhazi na nlekota nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi na nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi nke iwu. National Environment Management Council (NEMC) bụ ụlọ ọrụ nke malitere mgbe e webatara National Environment Management Act n'afọ 1983. Kansụl a nwere ọrụ inye gọọmentị na ndị mba ụwa ndụmọdụ n'ọtụtụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. NEMC bụ ebumnuche ndị a: inye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ; hazie ọrụ teknụzụ, mepụta ntuziaka na usoro mmanye; nyochaa, nyochaa ma nyochaa ọrụ ndị na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi; kwalite ma nyere aka na ozi gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwurịta okwu; ma chọọ ọganihu nke ihe ọmụma sayensị.
National Environment Policy nke 1997 na-arụ ọrụ dị ka usoro maka ime mkpebi gburugburu ebe obibi na Tanzania. Ebumnuche iwu bụ iji mezuo ihe ndị a:
Tanzania bụ onye bịanyere aka n'ọtụtụ mgbakọ mba ụwa gụnyere Rio Declaration on Development and Environment n'afo 1992 na Convention on Biological Diversity n'afọ 1996. The Environmental Management Act, 2004, bụ usoro iwu na ụlọ ọrụ mbụ zuru oke iji duzie mkpebi nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ngwá ọrụ iwu ndị bụ akụkụ nke iwu ahụ gụnyere iji nyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi nke atụmatụ, na ụtụ isi na mmetọ maka ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaahịa ụfọdụ. Ịdị irè nke mgbanwe nke omume a ga-apụta ìhè ka oge na-aga ka nchegbu banyere mmejuputa ya pụta ìhè dabere n'eziokwu na, n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, enweghị ikike itinye iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na enweghị ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka ebumnuche nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi rụọ ọrụ.
China
China emeela ihe iji mụbaa nchebe ya maka gburugburu ebe obibi ma lụso mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi ọgụ:
Uto ngwa ngwa na GDP abụwo ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ isi nke China n'ime afọ iri atọ gara aga na ụdị mmepe kachasị nke iji ihe onwunwe eme ihe na-adịghị mma na mmetọ dị elu iji nweta GDP dị elu. Maka China ịzụlite nke ọma, a ga-emeso nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke iwu akụ na ụba ya.
Nkwupụta sitere na Shengxian Zhou, onye isi nke MEP (2009): "Ezi iwu akụ na ụba bụ ezigbo iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na ọdịdị nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi bụ usoro akụ na ụba, ụdị mmepụta na mmepe ihe nlereanya".
Njikọ Europe
Nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi aghọwo ọrụ dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ nke European Community mgbe Maastricht Treaty maka nkwado nke European Union site na mba niile so na ya. EU na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ọhịa nke iwu gburugburu ebe obibi, na-enye ntụziaka dịka ndị na-enyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ịnweta ozi gburugburu ebe obibi maka ụmụ amaala nọ na mba ndị otu.
Ireland
Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Ireland (EPA) nwere ọrụ dịgasị iche iche iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi, yana ọrụ ya bụ isi gụnyere:
Etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ
Mba ndị dị n'Etiti Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa ghọrọ akụkụ nke ọrụ njikọ aka nke ndị Alakụba na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a malitere na afọ 2002 na Jeddah. N'okpuru Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, mba ndị otu ahụ sonyeere Nzukọ Ndị Minista Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Islam n'ime afọ abụọ ọ bụla, na-elekwasị anya na mkpa nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. A na-enyekwa mba ndị Arab aha njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị mma n'ụwa Alakụba.
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2019, Sultanate nke Oman meriri ihe nrite maka 2018[[19 na Saudi Arabia, na-ekwu maka ọrụ ya "Ịhụ Afọ na Uto nke Obere Spotted Spots na Northwest Coast nke Oké Osimiri Oman".
Latin America
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) achọpụtala mba iri na asaa megadiverse. Ndepụta ahụ gụnyere mba isii Latin America: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru na Venezuela. Mexico na Brazil pụtara n'etiti ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ha nwere mpaghara kachasị ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị. Mba ndị a na-anọchite anya nnukwu nchegbu maka nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi na ha nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke mgbukpọ ọhịa, mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi, mmetọ, na mmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.
Brazil
Nzukọ na-ahụ maka nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi bụ Ministry of the Environment nke Brazil (na Portuguese: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, MMA). E bu ụzọ mepụta ya n'afọ 1973 na aha Special Secretariat for the Environment (Secretaria Especial de Meio Ambiente), na-agbanwe aha ọtụtụ ugboro, ma na-anabata aha ikpeazụ n'afọ 1999. Ministri ahụ na-ahụ maka idozi nsogbu ndị a:
N'afọ 2011, ebe ndị a na-echebe nke Amazon kpuchiri 2,197,485 km2 (ebe buru ibu karịa Greenland), yana mpaghara nchekwa, dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ mba, nke mejupụtara ihe karịrị ọkara (50.6%) na mpaghara ụmụ amaala na-anọchite anya pasenti iri anọ na itoolu pom anọ fọdụrụ.
Mexico
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Axolotl bụ ụdị dị n'etiti Mexico. N'inwe ihe karịrị nde narị abụọ ụdị dị iche iche, Mexico bụ ebe obibi nke pasenti iri ruo iri na abụọ  nke ụdị dị ichelekana nke ụwa, nke mbụ na ụdị dị ichehuta nke anụ na-akpụ akpụ na nke abụọ na atụmatụ ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara na-egosi na ihe karịrị pasenti iri ise nke ụdị anụmanụ na osisi niile bi na Mexico.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na Mexico malitere na afọ 1940s site na itinye iwu nke Nchekwa Ala na Mmiri (na Spanish: Ley de Conservación de Suelo y Agua). Afọ iri atọ ka e mesịrị, na mbido afọ ndị 1970, e mepụtara Iwu iji gbochie ma chịkwaa mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi (Ley para Prevenir y Controlar la Contaminación Ambiental).
N'afọ 1972 bụ nzaghachi mbụ sitere na gọọmentị etiti iji dozie mmetụta ahụike dị ịrịba ama site na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. O guzobere nzukọ nchịkwa nke Secretariat for the Improvement of the Environment (Subsecretaría para el Mejoramiento del Ambiente) na Ngalaba Ahụike na Ahụike.
Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, SEMARNAT) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na Mexico. Ministri ahụ na-ahụ maka idozi nsogbu ndị a:
N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2000, e nwere ebe otu narị iri abụọ na asaa echedoro; ugbu a, e nweghị otú narị iri asaa na anọ, na-ekpuchi mpaghara 25,384,818 hekta, na'ịbawanye ebe ndị gọọmentị etiti na na mpaghara ala ya site na pasenti asatọ pom ise ruo  pasenti iri na abụọ pom iri asatọ na ise  nke ala.
Australia
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Great Barrier Reef na Australia bụ nnukwu ihe mgbochi n'ụwa. N'afọ 2008, e nwere 98,487,116 hectare nke ebe a na-echebe ala, na-ekpuchi pasenti iri na abụọ pom asatọ nke ala Australia. Ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ 2002 nke pasenti iri pom otu  nke ala na 64,615,554 hectare nke ebe nchekwa mmiri chọpụtara na ọ na-anọchite anya ihe dị ka ọkara nke mpaghara 85 nke Australia.
A pụrụ ịhụ nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na Australia dị ka mmalite site na ịmepụta ogige ntụrụndụ mbụ, Royal National Park, na 1879. Nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na-aga n'ihu karị malitere na afọ 1960s na 1970s na nnukwu mmemme mba ụwa dị ka United Nations Conference on the Human Environment na 1972, Kọmitii Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke OECD na afọ 1970, na United Nations Environment Programme nke afọ 1972. Ihe omume ndị a tọrọ ntọala site n'ịbawanye mmata ọha na eze na nkwado maka iwu. Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke steeti bụ nke na-adịghị mma ma na-adịghị ike ruo mgbe e guzobere Australian Environment Council (AEC) na Council of Nature Conservation Ministers (CONCOM) na 1972 na 1974, na-emepụta nzukọ iji nyere aka n'ịhazi usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa n'etiti steeti na mba ndị agbata obi. Ndị kansụl ndị a ejirila Australian na New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) dochie anya na 1991 na n'ikpeazụ Environment Protection and Heritage Council (EPHC) na afọ 2001.
Na mba, Iwu Nchedo Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Nchekwa Biodiversity 1999 bụ iwu nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi maka Commonwealth nke Australia. Ọ na-emetụta ihe gbasara mba na mba ụwa gbasara ihe ọkụkụ, anụmanụ, obodo gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe nketa ọdịbendị. O nwekwara ikike n'elu ọrụ ọ bụla Commonwealth na-eme, ma ọ bụ na-emetụta ya, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Iwu ahụ na-ekpuchi isi mpaghara asatọ:
E nwere ọtụtụ ala ndị akpọrọ Commonwealth na-echebe n'ihi mmekọrịta ya na ndị nwe obodo ọdịnala, dị ka Ogige Ntụrụndụ Kakadu, ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche dịka Ogige Ntụ nke Christmas Island, ma ọ bụ jikwaa ya n'ihi ọnọdụ steeti, dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ na Reserves nke Australia Alps.
Na steeti, a na-ahapụ ọtụtụ nsogbu nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi n'aka steeti ma ọ bụ mpaghara. Steeti ọ bụla dị na Australia nwere iwu nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi nke ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị kwekọrọ na ya. Ikike ha yiri ma na-ekpuchi mmetọ isi iyi, dị ka site na ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ azụmahịa, iji ala / mmiri, na njikwa ihe mkpofu. Steeti na mpaghara na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ala echedoro na iwu iwu steeti na-emepụta ogo dị iche iche na nkọwa nke ebe echedoro dị ka ọzara, ala mba na ogige ntụrụndụ mmiri, oké ọhịa steeti, na ebe nchekwa. Steeti na-emepụta iwu iji belata ma nye nchebe n'ozuzu site na ikuku, mmiri, na mmetọ ụda.
Na mpaghara, obodo ma ọ bụ kansụl mpaghara ọ bụla nwere ọrụ maka okwu ndị iwu steeti ma ọ bụ nke mba na-emetụtaghị. Nke a na-agụnye isi iyi na-abụghị isi, ma ọ bụ mmetọ mgbasa, dị ka mmetọ sediment site na ebe a na-ewu ụlọ.
Australia nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na UN 2010 Human Development Index na otu n'ime ụgwọ kachasị ala na GDP nke akụ na ụba ndị mepere emepe. Enwere ike ịhụ nke a dị ka ọ na-abịa na ọnụ ahịa gburugburu ebe obibi, ebe Australia bụ onye ndu ụwa na mbupụ coal na mkpochapụ ụdị. A kpaliri ụfọdụ ikwupụta na ọ bụ ọrụ Australia ịtọ ihe nlereanya nke mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi maka ụwa ndị ọzọ ịgbaso.
New Zealand
Na mba, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na-aza ajụjụ maka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na Ngalọ Ọrụ Nchekwa na na'ihe gbasara nchedo. Na mpaghara, kansụl mpaghara na-achịkwa iwu ma na'okwu gburugburu ebe obibi mpaghara.
Switzerland
Nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na Switzerland dabere na usoro a ga-eme megide okpomọkụ ụwa. Mmetọ na Switzerland bụ mmetọ nke ụgbọala na-akpata na mkpofu nke ndị njem nleta.
United States
thumb|Ogige Ntụrụndụ Yosemite na [[California, otu n'ime ebe ndị mbụ echedoro na United States]] Kemgbe afọ 1970, United Steeti Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) anọwo na-arụ ọrụ iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ.
Na Jenụwarị afọ 2010, onye nchịkwa EPA Lisa P. Jackson bipụtara site na blọọgụ EPA ya "Ihe asaa dị mkpa maka ọdịnihu EPA", nke bụ (n'usoro edepụtara na mbụ):
Dị ka na afọ 2019, odoghi anya na ihe ndịa nọchiri anya ihe kacha mkpa dị ka Jackson si pou na ọnwa Febrụwarị afọ 2013, na ibe emelitibeghi interim.
India
Iwu nke India nwere ọtụtụ ndokwa na-egosi ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na nke steeti maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. E debere ọrụ steeti ahụ n'ihe gbasara nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi n"okpuru edemede iri anọ na asatọ A nke iwu anyị nke kwuru na "Steeti ga-agba mbọ ichebe ma melite gburugburu obodo na ichepụta ọhịa na anụ ọhịa nke mba ahụ".
E meela ka nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi bụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke nwa amaala India ọ bụla n'okpuru Nkeji edemede iri ise na otu A (g) nke iwu nke na-ekwu "Ọ ga-abụ ọrụ nwa Amaala ọwụwa anyanwụ ọ ga na ọ na'imeziwanye gburugburu ụwa gụnyere ọhịa, ọdọ mmiri, osimiri, na anụ ọhịa na inwe ọmịiko maka ihe ndị dị ndụ".
Nkeji edemede iri abụọ na otu nke iwu ahụ bụ ikike dị mkpa, nke na-ekwu na "Ọ dịghị onye a ga-anapụ ndụ ya ma ọ bụ nnwere onwe onwe nke onwe ya ọ gwụla ma dịka usoro iwu si dị".
N'akwụkwọ
E nwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị nwere isiokwu nke nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi mana ụfọdụ abụwo isi na mmepe ya. Ọtụtụ ihe dị ka A Sand County Almanac nke Aldo Leopold, "Tragedy of the commons" nke Garrett Hardin, na Silent Spring nke Rachel Carson aghọwo ihe ochie n'ihi mmetụta ha na-eru nso. Onye na-echekwa ihe na onye nrite Nobel Wangari Muta Maathai raara akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2010 Replenishing the Earth nye Green Belt Movement na mkpa osisi dị ichebe gburugburu ebe obibi.
Isiokwu nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi dị na akụkọ ifo yana akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ụgha. Akwụkwọ ndị dị ka Antarctica na Blockade nwere nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche ebe The Lorax aghọwo ihe atụ a ma ama maka nchọpụta gburugburu. "The Limits of Trooghaft" nke Desmond Stewart bụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke na-enye nghọta banyere àgwà mmadụ n'ebe ụmụ anụmanụ nọ. Akwụkwọ ọzọ a na-akpọ The Martian Chronicles nke Ray Bradbury na'enyocha okwu ndị dị ka bọmbụ, agha, nchịkwa gọọmentị, na mmetụta ndị a nwere ike inwe na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ndemsibia
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Ismail El Gizouli
Ismail Abdel Rahim El Gizouli bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị Sudan bụ ọkachamara na ike na gburugburu ebe obibi na onye otu ụlọ ọrụ nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke IPCC kemgbe 24 Febụwarị 2015, mgbe Rajendra Kumar Pachauri gbara arụkwaghịm. Nhọpụta a ga-adịgide ruo mgbe ntuli aka ọzọ maka onye isi oche, nke a ga-eme na nnọkọ nke 42 n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2015.
Mmalite na ọrụ
Ismail El Gizouli gụrụ physics na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum nke Khartoum ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka Bachelor of Science. O mechara nweta nzere masta na Operational Research and Statistics na Mahadum Aston na United Kingdom.
Gizouli sonyeere Ministri na-ahụ maka mmepụta ihe na Sudan n’afọ 1971. N’afọ 1980, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke ngalaba Information Systems nke Ministry of Energy and Mining, mechaa bụrụ onye isi nke National Energy Administration site na 1988 ruo 1992. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nweere onwe ya. na onye na-enye ndụmọdụ maka òtù dị iche iche, dị ka African Development Bank, UNEP, na World Bank, na 1998 sonyeere Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources nke Sudan, bụ ebe o mere ka njikọ dị n'etiti gọọmenti Sudan na United Nations (UNDP) maka ọrụ jikọrọ aka metụtara mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Agege
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Agege_Local_government%2C_Ogba_Town_2.jpg/220px-Agege_Local_government%2C_Ogba_Town_2.jpg|thumb link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Agege_local%2C_ogba_town_government.jpg/220px-Agege_local%2C_ogba_town_government.jpg|thumb|Gọọmentị obodo Agege, ogba link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Oba_Akran_Statue_Ogba_Agege%2C_Lagos3.jpg/220px-Oba_Akran_Statue_Ogba_Agege%2C_Lagos3.jpg|thumb|Ihe oyiyi Oba Akran Ogba Agege, Lagos
Ismail El Gizouli
Mmalite na ọrụ
Ebe ọ bụ na 2002 Gizouli abụrụla onye otu IPCC bureau, nke mbụ dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Working Group III (mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe), wee bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke IPCC nke sitere na October 2010. O nyere aka na akụkọ nyocha nke anọ na  akụkọ njikọ kwekọrọ. N'ịbụ onye jikwa ọkwa na IPCC, ọ bụkwa osote onye isi oche nke ngalaba mmemme nke kọmitii nnabata nke ụlọ ọrụ UNFCCC n'etiti afọ 2005 na 2007 wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche ya site na 2007 ruo 2009.
Agege
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Oba_Agege_statute_1.jpg/220px-Oba_Agege_statute_1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe oyiyi Oba Agege Agege bụ ógbè dịpụrụ adịpụ na mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo na Ikeja Division nke Lagos State, Nigeria.
Ismail El Gizouli
Mmalite na ọrụ
N'ịgbaso mkpesa nke onye ọrụ mbụ mere megide Rajendra Kumar Pachauri, Pachauri gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi oche IPCC na 24 Febụwarị 2015, a họpụtara Gizouli ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi IPCC ruo mgbe ntuli aka ọzọ maka ọkwa ahụ na nzukọ zuru ezu n'October 2015.
Agege
Okwu mmalite
Mgbe ubi oji na mpaghara Agege malitere itolite ọ dọtara nnukwu ebe obibi. Agege nwere ọganihu ngwa ngwa wee ghọọ ebe dị ike nke azụmahịa kolanut. Ebe obibi ndị a dọtara ndị mmadụ dị iche iche sitere na nzụlite na mmasị dị iche iche dịka ndị ọrụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a bụ ndị Hausa. Mgbe ọ bụla ndị Yoruba chọrọ ndị ọrụ maka ọrụ dịka igbu osisi, ha ga-etinye aka na ọrụ nke ndị Hausa. N'ihi ọrụ a, a kpọrọ ebe ndị Hausa bi aha ya bụ 意lu Awon Ageigiʹ nke pụtara obodo (Ilu) nke osisi ahụ. N'ihi ya, aha Agege sitere na okwu Ageigi.
Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba
Mgbe Dasab Airlines dị, ọfịs ya na Lagos dị na Agege.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere Gọọmentị Obodo Agege na afọ 1954 ma na-arụ ọrụ ruo afọ 1967 mgbe ndị agha mbụ weghaara ya mgbe e jikọtara ya na kansụl Ikeja District ruo afọ iri na atọ. E wepụrụ Agege na Gọọmentị Obodo Ikeja na 1980 ma nọgide na-adị otú ahụ ruo 1983 mgbe ndị agha weghara ike ọzọ ma kpochapụ usoro Gọọmentụ Obodo dị n'oge ahụ. Ọzọkwa, Ọchịchị Agege nọgidere na Ikeja ruo afọ isii (6) ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, e nwere gọmentị ime obodo atọ ndị ọzọ sitere na Gọọmentị Obodo Agege. Ha bụ: Alimosho, Ifako Ijaye na Orile-Agege Obodo Gọọmentị.
Ndị mmadụ
Ndị bi na Gọọmentị Obodo Agege bụ agbụrụ dị iche iche ọ bụ ezie na ndị Awori bụ ụmụ amaala bi na ya. Ụfọdụ obodo ndị mejupụtara Gọọmentị Obodo Agege bụ Ogba, Asade, Dopemu, Orile, Magbon, Oko-Oba, Atobaje, Gbogunleri, Isale Oja, Oke-Koto, Panada, Tabon-Tabon, Ajegunle, Sango, Keke, Papa uku/Olusanya, Oniwaya, Moricas, Iloro, Mangoro, Darocha, Onipetesi, Alfa Nla na Agbotikuyo. Ndị bi na Gọmentị Obodo Agege bụ ndị Yoruba n'ụzọ bụ isi na ọnụnọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Yoruva.
Ndị Na-achị Ọdịnala
Na Agege / Orile Agege, Chieftaincy Community nwere Obas atọ a ma ama na ndị otu ọdịnala isii.
Ihe omume
Na 3 June, na afọ 2012, Dana Air Flight 992 kụrụ n'ụlọ obibi dị na Agege mgbe ọ na-anwa ịdakwasị na Murtala Muhammed International Airport, na-egbu mmadụ 153 niile nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ na mmadụ 10 ndị ọzọ nọ n'ala.
Agụmakwụkwọ
National Youth Service Corps Permanent Orientation Camp dị na Iyana-Ipaja Road, Agege.
ÑñFoto Gallery nke Agege Community
Ogige ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Naịjirịa
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6.62194°N, 3.32583°W Òtù:Local Gọọmenti na Lagos Òtù:Ebe ndị mmadụ bi juru na Lagos Òtù:Ebe mmiri doro na Lagos Òtù:Agbataobi no na Lagos Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asusu Seko
Asụsụ Seko bụ otu asụsụ Austronesian anọ nwere njikọ chiri anya nke a na-asụ na mpaghara West Sulawesi di na South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ha mejupụtara alaka isi nke South Sulawesi nkewaputa otu. Asụsụ nke alaka Seko bụ: Seko Padang, Seko Tengah, Panasuan na Budong-Budong.
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos (1917-1989) bu president nke Philippines. Marcos bu onye ojii nke chiri obodo Philippines.