cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Bagian Muslim
Wilayah Bagian Muslim (حارة المسلمين Harat al-Muslimin; הרובע המוסלמי Ha-Rovah ha-Muslemi) adalah salah satu dari empat bagian dari wilayah-wilayah yang dibatasi benteng-benteng Kota Lama Yerusalem. Wilayah ini mencakup 31 hektar (76 acre) dan merupakan sektor sebelah timur laut Kota Lama. Bagian ini adalah bagian terluas dan paling banyak penduduknya. Gerbang Singa di sebelah timurnya, tembok utara Haram asy-Syarif di sebelah selatannya, ke Gerbang Damaskus—Tembok Barat. Populasi di Bagian Muslim mencapai 22,000.
Sejarah
Bagian Muslim memiliki penduduk yang saling bercampur antara penduduk Yahudi, Kristen dan Muslim sejak Kerusuhan Palestina 1929. Sebanyak 60 Keluarga Yahudi tinggal di Bagian Muslim.
Pada tahun 2007, pemerintah Israeli memulai membangun konstruksi Gerbang Bunga, perkampungan Yahudi pertama di dalam Bagian Muslim sejak 1967. Mereka membangun 20 buah apartemen dan sebuah sinagog.
Pedaria taylori
Kumbang ini memiliki antena yang terdiri dari plat yang disebut lamela.
Bagian Muslim
Landmark
Landmark Yahudi di Bagian Muslim termasuk Kotel Katan atau Tembok Ratapan Kecil, dan Terowongan Tembok Ratapan. Tujuh Titik Salib pertama di Via Dolorosa (Jalur Salib) berada disini.
Tomuan, Siantar Timur, Pematangsiantar
Tomuan adalah salah satu kelurahan di Kecamatan Siantar Timur, Pematangsiantar, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
2000 FW53
2000 FW53 adalah sebuah objek trans-Neptunus. Seperti objek trans-Neptunus pada umumnya, benda ini mengorbit Matahari dari jarak yang lebih jauh dari planet Neptunus.
Eksentrisitas orbit objek ini tercatat sebesar 0.147, sementara magnitudo mutlaknya adalah 7.2.
Oberliga
Oberliga adalah nama tingkat kelima dari sistem liga sepak bola Jerman. Sebelum diperkenalkannya Liga 3. pada tahun 2008, itu adalah tingkat keempat. Pada akhir musim 2011-12 jumlah Oberliga meningkat dari sebelas menjadi empat belas.
Dengan pengecualian Gauliga era Nazi, istilah Oberliga (setara dengan Liga Utama dalam bahasa Indonesia) digunakan sebelum pembentukan Bundesliga pada tahun 1963 untuk liga divisi pertama di Jerman. Antara 1978–94 istilah Amateuroberliga digunakan untuk liga-liga lapis ketiga, yang kemudian merupakan level permainan amatir tertinggi di negara ini. Penggunaan saat ini dari sebutan Oberliga diperkenalkan pada tahun 1994. Di Jerman Timur, struktur liga yang terpisah telah diberlakukan dari tahun 1948-1990 dan divisi papan atas di sana dikenal sebagai DDR-Oberliga.
Push Baby
Push Baby (sebelumnya bernama Rixton) adalah grup musik dari Manchester, Inggris yang menandatangani kontrak dengan SB Projects.
Tobachironomus
Tobachironomus adalah genus yang berasal dari famili Chironomidae. Lalat ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Lalat ini dapat ditemukan habitatnya di perairan maupun semiperairan.
Arabi Pasha
Kolonel Ahmad Urabi, (Arab: أحمد عرابي) juga dikenal sebagai Urabi Pasya atau Arabi Pasya, ialah seorang tokoh nasionalis pertama yang dikenal dalam sejarah modern dunia Islam. Dikeluarkan dari ketentaraan beberapa kali sampai kedatangan Khudaiwi (gubernur Mesir) Taufiq yang mengembalikannya ke militer, tetapi ia melakukan pemberontakan militer melawan Khudaiwi Taufiq pada 1882. Ia memimpin tentara Mesir melawan Inggris ketika menginvasi Mesir, tetapi kalah. Ia diadili dan divonis mati, lalu diganti dengan hukuman buang ke Sailan. Setelah menghabiskan 19 tahun di pembuangan, ia kembali ke Mesir dan meninggal di Kairo. Ia menulis buku berjudul Kasyfu as-Sitar 'an Sirri al-Asrar.
Plestiodon chinensis
Plestiodon chinensis, atau skink ekor biru Tiongkok, adalah sebuah spesies yang ditemukan di Tiongkok dan Vietnam. Spesies tersebut pertama kali dideskripsikan oleh John Edward Gray pada tahun 1838.
Anaesthetis testacea
Anaesthetis testacea adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Anaesthetis, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang.
Championnat National 3
Championnat National 3, juga dikenal sebagai National 3 adalah kompetisi liga sepak bola. Liga ini berfungsi sebagai divisi kelima dari sistem liga sepak bola Prancis di belakang Ligue 1, Ligue 2, Championnat National, dan Championnat National 2. Biasanya diperebutkan oleh 168 klub, Championnat National 3 beroperasi dengan sistem promosi dan degradasi dengan Championnat National 2 dan liga regional Divisi d'Honneur, divisi keenam sepak bola Prancis.
Musim berlangsung dari Agustus hingga Mei, dengan tim dalam dua belas grup memainkan 26 pertandingan masing-masing dengan total 2080 pertandingan di musim tersebut. Sebagian besar permainan dimainkan pada hari Sabtu dan Minggu, dengan beberapa permainan dimainkan pada malam hari kerja. Permainan secara teratur ditangguhkan pada akhir pekan terakhir sebelum Natal selama dua minggu sebelum kembali pada minggu kedua Januari.
Anggi Mahesti
Anggi Mahesti adalah seorang model dan ratu kecantikan asal Indonesia. Ia mewakili provinsi DI Yogyakarta pada kontes Puteri Indonesia 2008 dan meraih posisi Runner-up 2 dengan bergelar Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2008. Ia direncanakan untuk mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss Asia Pacific International 2008, tetapi kontes itu dibatalkan.
Biografi
Anggi Mahesti adalah peserta pada kontes Puteri Indonesia pada tahun 2008 mewakili provinsi Yogyakarta. Namun pada kontes tersebut, Anggi menempati posisi juara ketiga setelah kontes itu dijuarai oleh Zivanna Letisha Siregar.
Posisi tersebut memberikan gelar Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata kepada lulusan Hukum dan Ekonomi Universitas Diponegoro ini.
Genteng, Surabaya
Genteng (ꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦁ, ) adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kota Surabaya, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Kecamatan ini merupakan titik pusat Pemerintahan Kota Surabaya di mana terdapat gedung Balai Kota Surabaya, Kantor Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, dan gedung Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota Surabaya.
Anggi Mahesti
Biografi
Awalnya ia direncanakan untuk tampil mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss Asia Pacific Internationall, tetapi kontes itu urung diadakan.
Kisah mengharukan dialami Anggi pada akhir tahun 2014, di mana ia beserta 9 anggota keluarganya lolos dari tragedi pesawat AirAsia Penerbangan 8501 lantaran terjadi miskomunikasi jadwal penerbangan.
Genteng, Surabaya
Batas wilayah
Kecamatan ini berbatasan dengan Kecamatan Simokerto di sebelah utara, Kecamatan Gubeng dan Kecamatan Tegalsari di sebelah selatan, Kecamatan Bubutan di sebelah barat, dan Kecamatan Tambaksari di sebelah timur.
Pembagian administratif
Kecamatan Genteng terdiri atas 5 kelurahan:
Mercury City Tower
Mercury City Tower (Меркурий Сити Тауэр, Merkuriy Siti Tauer) adalah gedung pencakar langit tertinggi keempat di Eropa berlokasi di Pusat Bisnis Internasional Moskwa, Moskwa, Rusia. Pembangunan dimulai pada akhir 2009. Awalnya direncanakan berdiri dengan ketinggian 332 m dan memiliki 70 lantai dan 5 lantai bawah tanah, puncak menara dimodifikasi saat dibangun pada 23 Juli 2012 agar mencapai 75 lantai dengan tinggi 338.8 m seperti yang dikonfirmasi pada tanggal 10 Agustus 2012. Menara ini diatapkan pada 1 November 2012 dan akan diresmikan pada kuartal pertama 2013.
Pembangunan
Pada Mei 2011, dengan selesainya lantai ke-53, pihak pengembang mengumumkan bahwa Mercury City Tower telah mencapai ketinggian 230 m di atas permukaan tanah, dengan setengah dinding luarnya ditutupi penutup berwarna tembaga. Tinggi bangunan ini melampaui City of Capitals (301.6 m, yang juga di berada di Moskwa, pada tanggal 17 Januari 2012. Tanggal 25 Juli 2012, lantai ke-75 sedang dibangun.  Menara ini awalnya dijadwalkan selesai pada akhir 2012.
Ahmed Rıza Bey
Ahmed Rıza Bey (Istanbul, 1858 - Istanbul, 26 Februari 1930) ialah seorang pemberontak dan politikus Turki Utsmani. Ketua perkumpulan İttihat ve Terakki di Paris. Ia mengutamakan dukungan kepada Perkumpulan Israel di Mesir. Ia bekerja sebagai Direktur Bidang Pengetahuan dan Pendidikan di Bursa. Ia melarikan diri ke Paris dengan alasan keinginannya untuk segera hadir pada Pameran Internasional Paris, dan di sana menjadi oposan terhadap pemerintahan Sultan Abd-ul-Hamid II hingga berhasilnya tentara Usmaniyah menggulingkannya pada 1908. Ia menerbitkan majalah Meşveret di Turki dan Prancis. Ia mengadopsi ajaran positivisme Eropa. Kebanyakan bukunya ditulis dalam bahasa Prancis, salah satunya bukunya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Arab oleh Muhammad Burghuiba dyang bekerja sama dengan Muhammad Shadiq az-Zamrali di Tunis pada 1977 dengan judul al-Khaibah al-Adabiyah lis Siyasat al-Gharbiyah fisy Syarq.
Mercury City Tower
Pembangunan
Menurut perusahaan pengembangnya, bangunan ini diatapkan pada ketinggian 339 m tanggal 1 November 2012.
Dagblad van Zuid-Holland en 's Gravenhage
Dagblad van Zuid-Holland en 's Gravenhage, adalah sebuah surat kabar (diterbitkan dengan berbagai nama) yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1708 hingga 1922 dan diterbitkan di Den Haag.
Pada tanggal 14 Juni 1708, Adriaan Pauw, yang diakui oleh pemerintah kota sebagai seorang courantier, mulai menerbitkan s-Gravenhaagsche Courant. Pauw melepaskan jabatannya sebagai editor pada tahun 1733 dan digantikan oleh Jacobus de Jongh. Pada tahun 1739, ia mengalami masalah keuangan dan menyerahkan jabatan editornya kepada Anthoni de Groot. Pada tahun 1744, ia meluncurkan majalah lainnya, Gazette de la Haye yang berbahasa Prancis. Surat kabar ini —seperti surat kabar lokal lainnya di Belanda— pada awalnya bersifat apolitis dan bertindak sebagai surat kabar umum. Dari tahun 1787, sampai penerbangan ke Inggris sebagai akibat Revolusi Batavia pada tahun 1795, surat kabar ini berada di bawah kendali Raja Willem V, dan bahkan mengeluarkan suplemen dengan judul "Hofcourant", yang penting untuk sebuah negara republik.
Penerbit terakhir adalah perusahaan P.E. dari Staden dan Son. Surat kabar tersebut pertama kali terbit tiga kali seminggu, dan sejak tahun 1856 terbit setiap hari. Surat kabar ini merupakan kelanjutan dari Dagblad van 's Gravenhage. Bagian tetap di surat kabar adalah risalah dewan kota Den Haag. Surat kabar itu berada di bawah kenadli politisi konservatif.
Pemimpin redaksi adalah jurnalis terkenal Izaak Jacob Lion. Surat kabar tersebut memiliki beberapa jurnalis terkenal, termasuk Jan Eduard van Someren Brand, Pieter Anne Haaxman, Adriaan Pit dan Victor de Stuers.
Pranala luar
Delpher (volume 1813-1869 tersedia daring)
Tokunagaia
Tokunagaia adalah genus yang berasal dari famili Chironomidae. Lalat ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Nepenthes truncata
Nepenthes truncata (, dari Latin: truncatus), dinamakan demikian karena bentuk daunnya yang seperti terpotong. Nepenthes truncata adalah salah satu spesies kantong semar yang merupakan tanaman karnivora yang endemik di pulau Mindanao di Filipina. Tanaman ini tumbuh di ketinggian antara 0-1500 m. Tanaman ini pernah ditemui memerangkap tikus, seekor mamalia. N. truncata adalah salah satu spesies kantong semar yang dapat tumbuih epifit.
Kemahkotaan
Sebagai suatu perusahaan perseorangan, kemahkotaan merupakan perwujudan hukum dari pemerintahan eksekutif, legislatif, dan yudikatif dari sistem monarki yang berlaku di negara-negara persemakmuran. Negara-negara ini merupakan negara-negara merdeka yang disatukan oleh uni personal dari penguasa monarki yang sama. Konsep kemahkotaan pertama kali berkembang di Inggris sebagai pemisah antara mahkota fisik yang harfiah juga kepemilikan harta kerajaan dengan kepala kerajaan itu sendiri juga kepemilikan harta pribadinya. Konsep ini lalu menyebar seiring dengan kolonisasi Britania dan saat ini tercatat dalam kamus hukum Britania Raya beserta dependensinya, juga 15 negara persemakmuran lainnya. Konsep ini berbeda dengan mahkota fisik seperti Perhiasan Mahkota Britania Raya.
Banyak istilah di negara-negara persemakmuran yang berasal dari konsep ini, seperti tanah mahkota (Crown land) yang sama dengan istilah tanah umum atau tanah negara. Terdapat juga istilah-istilah jabatan seperti Menteri kemahkotaan (Minister of the Crown) dan Jaksa kemahkotaan (Crown prosecutor).
Tokunagaia
Lalat ini dapat ditemukan habitatnya di perairan maupun semiperairan.
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
Pada pemilihan umum Italia, 2006 untuk memperbarui kedua Kamar dari Parlemen Italia yang diadakan pada 9 April dan 10 April 2006 Perdana Menteri Silvio Berlusconi yang sedang berkuasa, pemimpin kanan tengah Graha Kemerdekaan, kalah tipis oleh Romano Prodi, pemimpin Uni yang kiri tengah.
Hasil pendahuluan memperlihatkan bahwa Uni unggul atas Graha Kemerdekaan di Dewan Perwakilan, dengan 340 kursi dibandingkan dengan 277, karena Uni memperoleh bonus mayoritas (suara yang diperoleh sesungguhnya antara 49,81% dibandingkan 49,74%). Satu kursi lagi beraliansi dengan Uni (Valle d'Aosta) dan 7 kursi lainnya di daerah pemilihan luar negeri. Graha Kemerdekaan memperoleh mayoritas kecil di kursi Senat yang diperebutkan di Italia (155 dibandingkan 154), tetapi Uni memperoleh 4 dari 6 kursi yang dialokasikan untuk para pemilih di luar Italia, sehingga mereka menguasai kedua kamar. Pada 19 April, pengadilan tertinggi Italia (Corte di Cassazione) menyatakan bahwa Prodi memang telah memenangi pemilu dan menguasai Dewan Perwakilan hanya dengan 24.755 suara dari lebih dari 38 juta suara yang diberikan, dan memenangi 158 kursi di Senat dibandingkan dengan 156 kursi untuk koalisi Berlusconi. Kendati demikian, Berlusconi menolak mengakui kekalahan, dan mengklaim tentang adanya kecurangan yang tidak terbuktikan, tetapi pemilu ini telah melahirkan banyak kontroversi tentang legalitasnya.<!--Recent developments, including publishing of a controversial documentary film about alleged frauds in the ballot counting during the election, brought on December 2006 the Electoral Committee of the Italian Chamber of Deputies to request for a recount of all ballot papers, starting from a 10% sample.
The House of Freedoms
The House of Freedoms (Casa delle Libertà), was the previous government coalition led by the former Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi and was mainly made up of the same parties as in the previous general election. This is the coalition of parties for the election:
RR Lyncis
RR Lyncis adalah salah satu bintang di rasi Lynx. Bintang ini bermagnitudo 5.53. Bintang ini berada pada jarak 271 tahun cahaya dari Bumi.
Grup
Selain rasi Lynx, bintang ini juga merupakan anggota dari:
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
The House of Freedoms
The Socialist Party New PSI, a small party composed of former socialists of the late Italian Socialist Party and led by former 1980s and 1990s minister Gianni De Michelis, which is part of the Berlusconi III government with a minister without portfolio, suffered a split on its last national congress (October 21–October 23, 2005), with a left-wing side, led by Bobo Craxi, son of the late Bettino, who decided to immediately leave the House of Freedoms and unilaterally elected Craxi himself as new party leader. The NPSI will take part in the election in a joint list with the centrist Christian Democracy for the Authonomies.
As for the candidate who led the coalition into the general election, Berlusconi experienced an actual loss of support from UDC, who asked for a return of the electoral law to a proportional system (which would most likely favour them) and some sort of primary election to formally decide the next candidate to prime-ministership. When the proportional representation system was restored (albeit a form very different from the UDC proposal) and Marco Follini, critic of several reforms imposed by Berlusconi on the whole coalition, resigned from the UDC secretarship, the possibility of a change of leadership inside the House of Freedoms was significantly reduced. On October 27, Lorenzo Cesa was appointed as new UDC secretary, becoming the successor of Follini himself. The coalition announced a "three-forwards" system, meaning that the prime minister candidate will be the political leader, among Casini, Fini and Berlusconi, whose party will win most votes. Since Berlusconi's party was known to be by far the largest one, it was understood that Berlusconi was the actual candidate.
One event which caused heavy criticism from the opposition was the support, sought and obtained by Berlusconi, of a number of fascist movements and parties, notably the Social Alternative of Alessandra Mussolini, granddaughter of the former dictator of Italy, and Luca Romagnoli, an holocaust denier. Supporters of Berlusconi have responded to this pointing to the presence in the Union of two communist parties, which had among their candidates no-global activist Francesco Caruso and a transgender, Vladimir Luxuria.
The Union
The former Olive Tree coalition, expression of the Italian centre-left, now renamed as The Union (L'Unione), was led for the election by former Prime Minister and former President of the European Commission Romano Prodi, who had already beaten Berlusconi in the 1996 elections. Prodi's candidacy was confirmed by a national primary election, held on October 16 2005 (for more information about the primary election, see the related paragraph below).
Moreover, the former coalition was enlarged in order to cover the whole ensemble of Italian left-wing factions. The parties in the alliance are:
The Rose in the Fist was officially founded in September 25 2005, when the Italian Radicals, a historical libertarian, laicist and socially leftist party of Italy, officially declared an alliance with the Italian Democratic Socialists in the form of a confederation, with explicit references to the politics of Tony Blair, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and Loris Fortuna, an Italian politician in the 1970s who became famous for his laicist proposals, and is considered the father of the law on divorce. This confederation immediately caused a stir for not having signed the political platform of The Union, being the only center-left party not to do that; the Rose in the Fist, represented by Emma Bonino in the final platform meeting, in fact protested about insufficient mentions of social issues such as legalization of civil unions.
Bulak, Surabaya
Bulak (ꦧꦸꦭꦏ꧀, ) adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kota Surabaya, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia.
Pembagian administratif
Kecamatan Bulak terdiri atas 4 kelurahan:
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
The Union
The Socialists, who are the left wing of the Socialist Party New PSI led by Bobo Craxi which emerged the House of Freedoms, was supposed to join that confederation, but eventually did not do so, instead reorganizing itself in a single party, which however failed to get over the 2% of national votes. However, Bobo Craxi was able to enter in the Lower House, as he was one of the leading candidates for the Olive Tree in Lombardy.
The Union is also supported by a number of minor parties and movements, although of those only the Pensioners' Party has any elected representation (1 Member of European Parliament).
1998 QV3
1998 QV3 adalah sebuah asteroid. Asteroid ini merupakan bagian dari asteroid Amor, yang terletak dekat dengan bumi. Eksentrisitas orbit asteroid ini tercatat sebesar 0.512, sementara magnitudo mutlaknya adalah 20.5.
Pembentukan
Seperti asteroid secara keseluruhan, asteroid ini terbentuk dari nebula matahari primordial sebagai pecahan planetisimal, sesuatu di nebula matahari muda yang tidak cukup besar untuk berubah menjadi planet.
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
Debates
For some time, Silvio Berlusconi had challenged Romano Prodi to a debate on national television. Prodi, however, said he would accept only if certain rules had been set. Possibly because he thought he was behind in the polls, Berlusconi saw the debate as a chance to turn the tables, and accused Prodi of fleeing from him. It is notable that, in the 2001 elections, it was Berlusconi who refused to meet the centre-left candidate, Francesco Rutelli.
Two televised debates were set by the Parliamentary Committee of Inspection on RAI, which had the goal of ensuring equal treatment for the two political sides. However, Prodi contested the deliberation of this Committee, which allowed Berlusconi to also hold a final televised speech after the debates as Prime Minister. Prodi refused to participate in any debate until this final speech had been cancelled. The issue was resolved on March 3, when Berlusconi finally agreed to cancel the final speech.
The debates lasted about 90 minutes each, did not include commercials, and had a preset time for each answer and each reply, and the obligation to film only the speaking person at any given time. The candidates were also forbidden to bring any kind of notes with them, even though they could write some down during the debate, and no audience was allowed to participate. This set of rules was very unusual in Italian political talk shows, where politicians usually interrupt each other, talk simultaneously and for as long as they can hold the word. Questions to candidates are posted by two journalists from the Italian press: the moderator himself was not allowed to ask any questions, but only to present the debate and guarantee respect of the rules. At the end of the debates, the candidates are allowed to make a final statement of 3 minutes.
The first televised debate, held on March 14, was broadcast live on Rai Uno, and moderated by Clemente Mimun, Director of TG1. It featured questions from journalists Roberto Napoletano of Il Messaggero and Marcello Sorgi of La Stampa. It was watched by over 16 million people, a record for a political TV show. During his final speech, Berlusconi, who often overran his intervention times, attacked the rules of the debate, in his opinion too strict, whereas Prodi praised them, pointing out the fact that they are used in US debates this way, as well. Some observers commented that Berlusconi had been disappointing in this debate, scribbling nervously while he was talking and at a point confusing Iran and Iraq; while all politicians claimed their candidate had won the debate, it was generally agreed that Berlusconi had not dealt a strong blow to Prodi.
The second debate, moderated by Bruno Vespa, an Italian journalist and anchorman, was held on April 3 and broadcast live on Rai Uno, featuring questions from Napoletano and Sorgi (same journalists of the first debate). It was dominated by the economic proposals and was more intense, with much stronger tones between Prodi and Berlusconi. In this debate, Berlusconi had the possibility of making the final 3-minute statement: in this time, he delivered his "surprise blow" proposing the abolition of ICI, a local tax on real estate whose money belongs to local city councils, for the first homes of Italian families.
Later on, it turned out that Berlusconi's proposal was not completely agreed upon in the rest of the House of Freedoms, and Prodi, immediately after the debate, noted "about ICI, I want to know what the centre-right mayors think about".
The Union
After a long discussion, the centre-left coalition released its official platform on February 10 2006, and presented it to the public the next day. However, the Rose in the Fist refused to sign it in, because it did not explicitly include some issues, such as civil unions and gay rights. The platform has been criticized by the House of Freedoms because of its 281 page length.
A reduced, more readable, version of the official political platform has been released since then by the coalition, in order to answer the critics from the centre-right coalition.
The main points of the centre-left platform are:
House of Freedoms
The platform of the House of Freedoms was released on February 25. It is 22 pages long, and it is defined as the continuance of the first five years of centre-right government. It is different by the contract with Italians (just five basic points) which characterized the 2001 election. It was criticized as "vague" and "propaganda".
The main points of the centre-right platform were:
Opinion polling
According to the opinion pollings released, mainly commissioned for national newspapers, magazines and TV stations, The Union is clearly leading the race to the general election. It must be noted that the three surveys which show a majority of votes for the House of Freedoms have been all commissioned by Berlusconi's party Forza Italia. Notably, the surveys of Penn, Schoen & Berland, a U.S. research firm, were commissioned by Berlusconi because he claimed the national surveys to be politically biased.
According to the Italian par condicio law, it is forbidden to publish any opinion polling in the 15 days which precede the election (March 25, in this case).
The final result (49.8% Union vs 49.7% House of Freedoms) was about 3% different from almost all polls (including all the exit polls) reducing the expected 5% gap between the coalition to a difference of about 0.1%. On Italian TV some tried to explain this discrepancy claiming that some House of Freedoms voters were ashamed to admit that they planned to vote for them. Others claimed that the last week of electoral campaign, dominated by Berlusconi's proposal of cutting ICI and by the medias' insistence on the alleged new taxes advocated by The Union, persuaded a large number of Italians, usually uninterested to politics, to cast a vote for the House of Freedoms.
The election date
In July 2005, President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi asked current PM Silvio Berlusconi about the opportunity for an early election for the first half of April 2006, in order to prevent a big political deadlock (the mandate of President Ciampi himself would be over in May 2006 and a newly-elected government was not likely be in office within three weeks). Berlusconi however refused the deal, claiming he would stay in office until the due date of his term.
But, on October 18, Berlusconi announced that the election would be held on April 9, 2006, eventually following the suggestions from President Ciampi. Berlusconi also announced that the next administrative elections (which include the mayoral elections of Rome, Milan and Naples) will be held in May, the day after Romano Prodi had asked to vote for all elections the same day, in April. Berlusconi stated this was due to his fear that good government by center-left mayors could favour the center-left in the general election. Critics say holding all elections in the same day could save millions of euros in public expenditure.
The par condicio law
One of the main topics that might be relevant for this general election is the par condicio law. Its name, in Latin, means equal treatment; it is a special law which guarantees all the main majority and opposition political forces to have equal media treatment, in terms of times and spaces, and, furthermore, denies political commercials for TV and radio outside some dedicated transmissions.
Berlusconi has declared several times that he wants the par condicio law to be either repealed or at least changed in a much lighter way. Critics and opponents say that Berlusconi's willingness to have the law abolished are dictated by his almost complete control of 6 channels (he is owner of Mediaset, which broadcasts three national private channels, and controls indirectly, as Head of Government, the three RAI public broadcasting channels).
In his latter government years, Berlusconi attempted to accelerate his desires; however UDC, who is part of the Berlusconi government, declared several times its opposition to either abolish or change the par condicio law, with secretary Lorenzo Cesa, after his election as party leader, who pointed out his refusal of any change of the law.
The law however did not prevent Berlusconi from using his TV channels of Mediaset, and even SMS via cellphones, to manage to get more votes. During the election day Berlusconi's channels aired a lot of messages to remind people who were watching his TV channels to use their vote together with spots saying "Mediaset gives you everything without asking for anything in return". While these spots didn't break the par condicio law, it was broken by some of the journalists of the Berlusconi's channels and in March and April 2006, the Italian Authority on Telecommunications fined twice his privately owned channels for violation of the par condicio law, the biggest fine to date (300,000 €).
Tax breaks
Before winning the 2001 election and becoming Prime Minister of Italy, Berlusconi signed in a TV show a Contract with Italians, where he promised, if elected, to fulfil at least four of the five points included in it. One of the main points regarded a tax break for income levels, whereas the Olive Tree policy was essentially to maintain a progressive taxation system.
The generalised tax break was somewhat enacted in 2005, and included in the last Financial Measure. The opposition blamed Berlusconi for doing the tax break in one of the worst economic periods for the country, with no coverage for the resulting debt, and accused Berlusconi's allies of accepting the tax break in return for better power positions; during the negotiations for the Financial Measure, the Alleanza Nazionale leader, and, at that date, vice-premier, Gianfranco Fini, was moved to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and UDC leader Marco Follini, who had no ministerial role before that date, was chosen to replace Fini.
Foreign reputation
A good friend of George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin, Berlusconi supported the American invasion of Iraq, and, during the Italian EU presidency, suggested to Chairman of the Socialist Group in the European Parliament Martin Schulz, during a talk, a role of kapo (concentration-camp inmate appointed as supervisor) for a hypothetical movie, claiming he would be "perfect" for the role. When Berlusconi entered the Strasburg Parliament he was welcomed with posters in various languages addressing him as "Godfather of Europe", explicitly referring to Coppola's series about mafia, without respecting his high institutional role as EU-Council president. Afterwards Mr Berlusconi exploded at the insisting questions of MP Schulz. This diplomatic incident cooled down the Italy-Germany foreign relations for a period. Eventually a phone call between the Prime Minister and German Chancellor Schröder put an end to the dispute.
Ekspedisi Idi
Ekspedisi Idi (bahasa Belanda:Edi-expeditie) adalah ekspedisi Belanda ke Idi, sebuah negara kecil di pesisir timur Aceh. Jenderal Belanda di Kutaradja mengutus pasukannya di bawah komando Jendral J.B. van Heutsz ke Idi pada 6 Juli 1898 hingga 24 Juli 1898. Sandi operasi tersebut adalah Het bedwingen van Teungkoe Tapa beweging (Memukul gerakan Teungku Tapa).
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
Foreign reputation
But in particular the international English-speaking press, such as Financial Times and Newsweek, criticized Berlusconi's work. Several times, before and after his election as prime minister, the weekly worldwide magazine The Economist accused Berlusconi of being essentially "unfit to lead Italy".
Ekspedisi Idi
“Teungkoe Tapa, de bedriegelijke herrijzen Malim Dewa, de z.g. onkwetsbare held uit de Atjehsche hikayat, had zich een enorme aanhang weten te verschaffen door den heiligen oorlog te prediken.”
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
Vote abroad
For the first time in Italian history, Italian citizens living abroad voted in the Italian election for 12 deputies and 6 senators who will represent them in the Italian Parliament, an unusual system that was supported by Silvio Berlusconi and promoted by Tremaglia. The change is the result of a thirty-year struggle to recognize the rights and special interests of Italians who have migrated abroad but retain their Italian identity. These parliamentary seats are organized into four constituencies (Europe, North & Central America, Latin America, and Africa/Asia/Oceania). Candidates must live in their respective constituencies.
Johnny Weissmuller
Johnny Weissmuller merupakan seorang aktor dan perenang berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat yang menjadi perenang terkenal pada tahun 1920-an, memenangkan lima medali emas dan satu medali perunggu. Dia dilahirkan dengan nama Peter John Weissmüller. Berkarier di dunia film sejak tahun 1929 hingga 1976. Dia meninggal dunia pada tahun 1984 akibat pembengkakan di otak.
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
Vote abroad
Forty-two percent of eligible voters abroad participated in the elections. Prodi's L’Unione managed to secure 4 of the 6 Senate seats, while Berlusconi's Forza Italia and an Independent candidate each gained 1 of the remaining 2 seats, aiding Prodi in gaining a majority in the Italian Senate. In the House of Deputies, 7 seats went to l'Unione, 4 to Berlusconi's coalition, and one to an Independent candidate. In North America, candidates from Toronto and Chicago were elected to the House of Deputies while the candidate from New York City was elected to the Senate.
Ekspedisi Idi
Latar belakang
Hadiah itu disahkan dengan surat pengangkatan baru atau Acte van Aanstelling. Apabila ajakan tidak diindahkan, dijalankan cara lain yaitu melalui penekanan ekonomi. Daerah-daerah yang tidak mau tunduk akan dikenakan blokade pantai secara ketat. Seluruh dermaga dan pelabuhan di pantai Aceh ditutup, sehingga akses keluar dan masuk barang tidak bisa dilakukan. Belanda mengerahkan kapal-kapal perang untuk menjaga seluruh perairan pantai dan dermaga yang diblokade. Melalui cara ini, diharapkan uleebalang yang tidak taat akan mengalami kesulitan secara ekonomi karena tidak bisa menjual komoditi keluar daerahnya atau membawa masuk barang ke wilayahnya. Bila cara penekanan ekonomi masih belum mampu membuat para uleebalang bertekuk lutut, dilakukan langkah yang lebih keras yakni dengan kekuatan militer.
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
Vote abroad
Berlusconi has claimed, in challenging the election results, that there were irregularities in the vote abroad. The result of the vote may have been influenced by the fact that numerous Right-wing parties put forward candidates in the constituencies abroad, while there were few Left-wing candidates, thereby splitting the right-wing vote. This tactical error may be explained through the novelty of the vote abroad.
Constitutional reform
During the last few months of 2004, the House of Freedoms coalition proposed a large and consistent reform of the current Italian Constitution, which was formulated in 1948. It proposes several changes to the current political system: it reduces the number of MPs from about 950 to 750, it gives more power to the prime minister (no longer called president of the council), there will be no possibility to express a vote of no confidence against the prime minister without indicating his successor (similar to Germany's constructive vote of no confidence); it puts an end to the necessity of a law being approved by both Chambers, attributing a clear competence to each of them; it gives more power to the regions, with several references to devolution, the main programme point of the autonomist government party Northern League, still guaranteeing, according to the new version of article 127, the national interest, which had been cancelled by the previous reform of the left.
Ekspedisi Idi
Latar belakang
Akibat ultimatum Belanda itu, sikap kenegerian-kenegerian di Aceh Timur menjadi terbelah. Daerah-daerah yang strategis, yang memiliki pelabuhan dan posisinya dekat dengan Pulau Penang wilayah yang menjadi tujuan ekspor komoditas Aceh untuk dipasarkan ke Eropa dan Amerika lebih memilih untuk mengamankan posisinya. Alasan ini menyebabkan Idi Rayeuk dan Sungai Rayeuk menerima pengakuan kedaulatan Belanda. Berbeda dengan wilayah yang kurang strategis, misalnya tak memiliki akses laut yang memadai seperti Simpang Ulim, Tanjung Seumantok dan Langsa. Ketiga uleebalang di daerah ini memilih untuk melakukan perlawanan dengan konsekuensi blokade. Sementara kenegerian Julok Rayeuk dan Peureulak, akibat tak tahan dengan blokade, selanjutnya merajut damai dengan menyatakan pengakuan tunduk kepada Belanda.
Jatuhnya Idi
Idi Rayeuk mengibarkan bendera Hindia Belanda pada 7 Mei 1873. Bendera dikibarkan langsung oleh uleebalang Teuku Ben Guci, yang diterima dari komandan kapal perang Timor. Kapal ini merupakan kapal yang menjaga seluruh kawasan pantai Aceh yang diblokade Belanda setelah agresi pertama. Kapal Timor selanjutnya disiagakan di Idi Rayeuk untuk mengawasi kegiatan laut di seluruh Aceh Timur, didampingi oleh kapal Den Briel. Blokade laut yang dijalankan pemerintah Belanda tak hanya efektif dalam memberikan penekanan kepada para uleebalang agar bersikap melunak, tapi juga memberikan keuntungan bagi Idi Rayeuk. Kenegerian ini dapat secara bebas melepas penjualan lada ke Pulau Penang melalui Kuala Idi, nama daerah pelabuhan di Idi Rayeuk. Bahkan seluruh hasil lada dari kebun-kebun Aceh
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
Constitutional reform
The Italian Constitution prescribes that both chambers must accept every modification to the constitution twice within three months, and, if it passes with less than two thirds of the votes at the second scrutiny, a national referendum on the modification can be held (the reform will make it always possible to call such a referendum). Since the centre-left opposition opposed to the new constitutional reform, describing it as "dangerous", "separatist", and "antidemocratic", the first procedural step, that is, the approval by the Chamber of Deputies, was done successfully in October 2004, but with less than 2/3 of the lower-house votes, making possible the confirmative referendum. The second favourable polling, in Senate, was done on March 2005, whereas the third one occurred on October 20. During the third polling, former UDC leader Marco Follini announced he would abstain from the final vote, not support anymore the constitutional reform, followed by his party fellow Bruno Tabacci.
On November 17, the Senate approved the constitutional reform in its final instance; Northern League leader Umberto Bossi attended the discussion and the voting, returning back to the Parliament, even if just as spectator, after his illness. During the vote, Domenico Fisichella announced his opposition to the reform, and his immediate resignation from the party, going against the party line about the issue. Italian MPs quite easily change party and even coalition: in the legislature between 1996 and 2001 15% of MPs did so.
Plectromerus turnbowi
Plectromerus turnbowi adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Plectromerus, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Gubeng, Surabaya
Pembagian administratif
Kecamatan Gubeng dibagi lagi menjadi beberapa kelurahan, yaitu:
Ekspedisi Idi
Jatuhnya Idi
Simpang Ulim misalnya, harus mengeluarkan biaya tambahan untuk pajak eskpornya, yang dengan mata uang Singapura, nilai tambahan itu mencapai S$40 per kayon (pikul) lada. Selisih pajak yang tinggi itu menyebabkan harga lada di daerah yang diblokade dengan yang tidak diblokade juga terdapat perbedaan. Harga lada dari daerah yang diblokade merosot drastis karena pembeli tak berani membayar dengan harga pasar. Pertimbangannya, pembeli harus membayar pajak ekspor yang lebih tinggi ketika akan melepas lada ke luar Aceh. Para pemilik lada itu sendiri juga memiliki kekhawatiran tidak dapat menjual lada keluar dari kenegeriannnya. Dua faktor itulah yang menyebabkan lada dijual dengan harga yang sangat rendah. Para petani di Simpang Ulim misalnya, menjual dengan harga S$ 30 per pikul lada, padahal lada Idi Rayeuk bisa dijual dengan harga S$ 230. Pajak ekspor itu tentu tak hanya dinikmati oleh para uleebalang, tetapi yang terbesar masuk kas Pemerintah Hindia Belanda.
2012 JQ4
2012 JQ4 adalah sebuah asteroid. Asteroid ini merupakan bagian dari asteroid Apollo, yang terletak dekat dengan bumi. Eksentrisitas orbit asteroid ini tercatat sebesar 0.608, sementara magnitudo mutlaknya adalah 21.9.
Pembentukan
Seperti asteroid pada umumnya, asteroid ini terbentuk dari nebula matahari primordial sebagai pecahan planetisimal, sesuatu di nebula matahari muda yang tidak cukup besar untuk berubah menjadi planet.
Ekspedisi Idi
Jatuhnya Idi
Pajak yang dikutip oleh uleebalang dari petani dan pedagang, harus disetorkan lagi ke Belanda. Pajak lada pada masa sebelumnya dikenal sebagai wase sultan atau pajak untuk Sultan. Setelah Kesultanan Aceh dikuasai Belanda, maka pajak Sultan diambil alih oleh Belanda. Besaran pajak yang dipungut untuk setiap daerah berbeda-beda, sangat bergantung dari tawar menawar yang dilakukan para uleebalang dengan Belanda. Nilai pajak di Idi Rayeuk misalnya, ditetapkan sebesar f55 untuk setiap pikul lada. Pajak lada di Peudawa Rayeuk adalah f50. Simpang Ulim menjadi kenegerian dengan penghasilan lada terbesar pada waktu itu. Dengan total pajak yang disetor setiap tahunnya mencapai f4.128, Simpang Ulim diganjar pajak f50 per pikul lada. Dengan pengenaan nilai pajak yang berbeda-beda, menyulitkan Belanda dalam memperhitungkan pemasukan, sehingga dikeluarkan kebijakan berupa pengenaan tarif pajak yang sama untuk setiap daerah, yaitu f35 untuk setiap pikul lada. Untuk kemudahan arus pemungutan pajak, pemerintah Belanda meminta uleebalang untuk memborongkan pemungutan pajak ekpsor lada dan impor berbagai barang lain yang masuk ke Aceh Timur kepada orang Cina yang sudah diangkat sebagai pemungut pajak.
Gubeng, Surabaya
Perhubungan
Di Kecamatan Gubeng terdapat sebuah stasiun kereta api terbesar di Jawa Timur dan salah satu yang terbesar di Indonesia, yaitu Stasiun Surabaya Gubeng.
Plectromerus turnbowi
Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang.
Pemilihan umum Italia 2006
Constitutional reform
The House of Freedoms' proposal of constitutional reform has been done in a unilateral way - no agreement with the opposition, whereas the current Italian Constitution was written after World War II by all the national political forces (except the fascists), ranging from liberals, to christian democrats, to socialists, to communists and others. According to the House of Freedom, this policy was adopted in order to correct the constitutional reform approved by the former center-left majority in 2001 (Constitutional law 3/2001) with the same modus - no agreement with the opposition. However, the new reform deeply modifies constitutional system of Italy, while the 2001 reform just partially modified a section of the Constitution.
The 2005 regional elections
On April 3 and 4, 2005, regional elections were held in 13 Italian regions (the election in Basilicata was put off for two weeks because of irregularities). The final result actually reversed the political scenario of Italy, with left-wing opposition coalition The Union winning in 11 regions, while right-wing government coalition House of Freedoms maintaining only two of the eight regions they were ruling before the election. These results have brought some right-wing members, including vice-premier Marco Follini, to ask for early national election.
The left-wing primary election
On October 16 2005, a primary election was held to officially declare the one and only candidate for the left-wing coalition The Union. Over four million voters have participated to the election.
Economic issues
Italy is the only European country in which there is an almost-zero rate of growth in economy, and one of the highest debts in the whole EU, which brought Berlusconi to ask successfully to have the Treaty of Maastricht parameters relaxed. This led to several critics of the Berlusconi's policy on economy, strictly linked to the work of the Italian Ministry of Economy Giulio Tremonti, which was forced to resign in 2004 after heavy protests from parties of his own coalition, especially the National Alliance, and returned to his previous cabinet position one year later, following the resignation of Domenico Siniscalco; Tremonti's work for trying to fill the cash deficit was often based on amnesties for infringement of tax and building regulations. Prodi and the centre-left often criticized that facet of the centre-right politics.
Job security
The regulation of temporary employment was first introduced as "pacchetto Treu" during the 1996–2001 centre-left government. It was then changed by Minister of Labour Roberto Maroni in 2003, introducing a high number of temporary labour forms and made temporary labour cheaper than permanent.
The centre-left heavily criticized the current law, claiming it has damaged the future of the younger people. More recently, Prodi defined the current labour law as "much worse than French CPE".
The centre-left has proposed to put temporary and permanent job costs on the same level, contain the number of temporary labour forms, and regulate internships.
The electoral system
Since 1994 general election and through the 2001 general election, Italy had a mixed electoral system, with 75% of the seats assigned through a plurality voting system, and 25% through a proportional one.
Approval of a new voting system
A white paper for a proportional-only electoral system was presented to the Chamber of Deputies on September 13 2005, only seven months before the 2006 general election. This reform, strongly backed by the Catholic centre-right Democrats' Centre Union, proposed a 4% threshold before a party gained any seats, and a majority bonus of (at least) 340 seats for the winning coalition, the total votes for each coalition being the sum of the votes of those coalition parties which had won at least 4% of the national votes. The new proposal was approved by parliament, overturning the 1993 referendum which brought about the abolition of the old proportional voting system.
An electoral survey published on September 15 2005 by the national left newspaper La Repubblica claimed that, with the initial proposal of electoral reform become law, the House of Freedoms would win the next elections 340-290, even if they won only 45% of votes and the opposition coalition The Union won 50%, because the Union also includes several small parties with less than 4% of national votes. This could have been avoided if the small opposition parties ran on a common ticket. Aim of this bill of reform was to reduce the number of parties, and particularly the moderate Left would have taken advantage in respect to the smaller radical left parties.
The Democrats' Centre Union, commenting on the proposal, asked for the abolition of the 4% cut-off clause, whereas the National Alliance did not show any favour to this attempt of reform, with its leader Gianfranco Fini claiming to want first to vote for the constitutional reform, and then for the new voting system, on condition that the 4% cut-off were not repealed.