cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Surabaya
Peta Yurisdiksi
Sumber: https://www.pttun-surabaya.go.id/peta-yurisdiksi
Jalan Neokatekumen
Jalan Neokatekumen, juga dikenal dengan nama Neokatekumen, adalah sebuah organisasi di dalam Gereja Katolik Roma yang dikhususkan untuk pembentukan iman Kristiani orang dewasa. Gerakan ini dimulai di kota Madrid pada tahun 1964 oleh seorang artis dan pemusik Kiko Argüello dan Carmen Hernandez sebagai tanggapan atas Konsili Vatikan Kedua, dan pada tahun 2008 gerakan ini diberikan persetujuan resmi oleh Tahta Suci, menerima status Persona Yuridis Publik di bawah Hukum Kanon, yang menerima kepenuhan dari iman Katolik.
Terinspirasi dari gerakan katekumen dari jawan gereja awal, dimana orang-orang yang berpindah agama dari paganisme menjadi Kristen dipersiapkan untuk menerima pembaptisan, gerakan ini menyediakan pendidikan katekumen pasca-pembaptisan bagi orang-orang dewasa yang telah menjadi anggota Gereja. Sangat berkomitmen pada gerakan "Penginjilan Baru" yang diserukan oleh Paus Yohanes Paulus II, Jalan Neokatekumen juga mengelola 75 seminari misionaris keuskupan di berbagai lokasi mulai dari Roma, Karachi, Sydney hingga Guam, dan bertanggung-jawab atas kehadiran ratusan "Keluarga Misionaris" di berbagai kota di seluruh dunia.
Gerakan Neokatekumen dilakukan di dalam komunitas kecil paroki Katolik berjumlah antara 20-50 orang. Saat ini telah terdapat sekitar 40.000 komunitas ini di seluruh dunia, dengan total jumlah anggota diperkirakan satu juta orang.
Anggaran Dasar Jalan Neokatekumen disetujui ad experimentum pada tahun 2002 dan Gereja memberikan persetujuan akhirnya terhadap anggaran dasar tersebut pada tanggal 13 Juni 2008.
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History of the Neocatechumenal Way
The Pontifical Council for the Laity's decree officially describes the history of the Neocatechumenal communities (the Neocatechumenal way is a community; it is neither an organization nor a movement) as follows: “The Neocatechumenal Way began in 1964 in the slums of Palomeras Altas, Madrid, through the work of Mr. Francisco (Kiko) Argüello and Ms. Carmen Hernández who, at the request of the poor with whom they were living, began to proclaim to them the Gospel of Jesus Christ. As time passed, this kerygma was embodied in a catechetical synthesis, founded on what is called the tripod: "Word of God-Liturgy-Community", that seeks to lead people to fraternal communion and mature faith.
This new catechetical experience, born in the wake of the changes implemented after the Second Vatican Council, attracted the keen interest of Archbishop Casimiro Morcillo, who encouraged the initiators of the Way to spread it to the parishes who asked for it. This experience of evangelization thus spread gradually through the Archdiocese of Madrid and to other Spanish dioceses. In 1968, the initiators of the Neocatechumenal Way arrived in Rome and settled in the Borghetto Latino. With the permission of Cardinal Angelo Dell'Acqua, then Vicar General of His Holiness for the city and district of Rome, the first catechesis began in the parish of Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament and the Canadian Martyrs. Since then, the NC Way has continued to spread to dioceses around the world and even to mission countries”
In 1974, thanks to Archbishop Annibale Bugnini, the Congregation for Divine Worship publicized on their official magazine, a brief note Praeclarum exemplar appreciating the works of the Neocatechumenal communities.
Inayah Wulandari
Inayah Wulandari Wahid, dikenal juga sebagai Inaya Wahid, adalah aktivis dan seniman berkebangsaan Indonesia. Ia merupakan putri bungsu dari Presiden Indonesia Abdurrahman Wahid. Inayah bergerak dengan Positive Movement (PM) yang mengurus persoalan sosial seperti Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI), Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), dll. Organisasi yang berdiri sejak 2005 ini berhenti sejenak tahun 2008, dan mulai lagi pada 2011 dengan konsep yang lebih fokus.
Inayah juga dikenal sebagai aktris panggung dengan penampilannya di berbagai panggung teater nasional. Ia tercatat beberapa kali tampil di dalam pertunjukan Indonesia Kita bersama aktor senior Butet Kartaredjasa. Selain itu, Inayah kerap kali tampil tunggal dalam pertunjukan monolog, salah satunya bertajuk Negeri Sarung. Inayah terkenal dengan gayanya yang kritis di atas panggung. Ia tak segan-segan melontarkan kritik tajam berkenaan dengan berbagai situasi sosial hingga politik tanah air.
Sebagai aktris, Inayah berperan sebagai salah satu pemeran utama bernama Bu Naya dalam komedi situasi OK-JEK yang disiarkan oleh NET..
Karier
Saat ini, Inayah tercatat sebagai pengurus aktif Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama. Pada 20 September 2022, Inayah mewakili PBNU untuk menghadiri undangan Presiden Timor Leste yang juga peraih Nobel Perdamaian, José Ramos-Horta. Di dalam pertemuan itu, Horta menyampaikan usaha pengusulan Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah untuk mendapatkan penghargaan Nobel serupa pada masa yang akan datang. Usulan ini sebelumnya pernah dilontarkan oleh tokoh perjuangan dan mantan presiden Timor Leste Xanana Gusmao.
Dalam dunia perfilman, saat ini Inaya didapuk sebagai salah seorang board Madani Film Festival yang anggotanya juga terdiri dari sineas senior Garin Nugroho. Sementara di medan aktivisme sosial, ia kerap kali diundang dalam berbagai acara untuk isu-isu gender, pemberdayaan perempuan, disabilitas dan lain-lain. Inaya juga vokal menyuarakan isu-isu lingkungan. Saat ini ia memangku anggota Dewan Pengawas Greenpeace Indonesia.
Pertunjukan
Sepanjang 2022, setelah melandainya pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia, Inayah kembali aktif menjalani beberapa pertunjukan. Bersama Butet Kartaradjasa dan pemain senior lainnya di bawah payung Indonesia Kita, ia melakukan tur di berbagai kota membawakan lakon “Tabib Suci” karya Agus Noor.
Imron Amin
R. Imron Amin, S.H., M.H. adalah politikus Indonesia yang menjabat sebagai anggota DPR-RI periode 2019–2024. Ia mewakili daerah pemilihan Jawa Timur XI, yang meliputi Kabupaten Bangkalan, Kabupaten Pamekasan, Kabupaten Sampang, dan Kabupaten Sumenep. Imron merupakan kader Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya, ia bertugas di Komisi I.
Jalan Neokatekumen
History of the Neocatechumenal Way
During the commemoration of the 30 years of life of the Way on January 24, 1997, Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) expressly urged the drafting of the Statutes as, "a very important step that will open the way to the formal juridical recognition by the Church, and giving you a further guarantee of the authenticity of your charism"
Nature and mission of the Neocatechumenal communities
According to its Statute, the Neocatechumenal Way “is at the service of the Bishops as a form of diocesan implementation of Christian initiation and of ongoing education in faith, in accordance with the indications of the Second Vatican Council and the Magisterium of the Church”.
The Neocatechumenal Way is implemented in the dioceses under the jurisdiction, direction of the diocesan Bishop and with the guidance of the Responsible Team of the Way “according to the lines proposed by its initiators”.
Carex berggrenii
Carex berggrenii adalah spesies tumbuhan seperti rumput yang tergolong ke dalam famili Cyperaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Carex berggrenii sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Carex. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Petrie.
Jalan Neokatekumen
Leadership of the Neocatechumenal Way
Leadership at national and regional level is given by around 700 teams of "itinerant catechists", comprising a priest and 2 or 3 lay people, appointed and supervised by the International Responsible Team. Depending on the number of communities in a particular area, a team of Itinerant Catechists may be responsible for the implementation of the NC Way in a country, a group of countries or a region of a country.
Pope John Paul II summarized the role of the itinerant catechists in a Private Audience for 2000 priests of the Neocatechumenal Communities in December 1985 (reported in the Italian edition of Osservatore Romano, 11 December 1985)'':"'They contribute by forming the first neocatechumenal communities of a parish, and are supposed to maintain regular contact with the Bishops of the diocese in which they work; the itinerant teams preserve a constant link with the responsibles of the Neocatechumenal Way, visiting periodically the communities they catechized and taking care of the development of the Neocatechumenal Way in the territory assigned to them, being fully faithful to the charism given to the initiators and obedient to the local Ordinary.'"
Throughout the years that cover the lifespan of a local neocatechumenal community, the catechist team exercises authority over the community's faith based activities, and provides its members, as they 'walk' in their community, progress in faith and understanding of the Catholic doctrines following the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The itinerant catechists do not make any formal commitment to their missionary role, and are free to resign at any time.
Missionary activity
Responding to the secularization of Northern Europe and vast areas in the world, the initiators of the Neocatechumenal Way introduced a program of families in mission. These missionary families serve to establish the presence of the Catholic Church in countries where there is none (this is referred as Implantatio Ecclesiae) or to strengthen the presence of Catholic communities in particularly difficult areas.
On 12 January 2006, about 200 families met with Pope Benedict XVI asking for a missionary mandate before beginning their mission to mainly France, Belgium, Germany and China - bringing the number of Neocatechumenal “Families in Mission” to more than five-hundred in the entire world.
Phiale bryantae
Phiale bryantae adalah spesies laba-laba yang tergolong famili Salticidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Phiale dan ordo Araneae. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1951 oleh Roewer.
Jalan Neokatekumen
Missionary activity
On January 10, 2009, the pope met with over 10,000 people for a celebration marking the 40th anniversary of the Neocatechumenal Way in Rome. From this celebration several whole communities were sent on mission, along with itinerant catechists, mission families, and the Missio Ad Gentes. The Missio Ad Gentes is a newer form of mission for the Neocatechumenal Way that involves sending three, four, or five whole families to a particular area at the request of the bishop.
The Redemptoris Mater Seminaries
Kiko and Carmen were also inspired to open the Redemptoris Mater seminaries. This itinerary of Catholic formation prepares and awakens vocations in many young people before they enter the seminary. It accompanies them during their time of formation; once ordained as presbyters it continues to sustain them as an instrument for their permanent formation. The idea to establish these seminaries started in Rome, the diocese of the Holy Father, to establish a seminary with these characteristics: In 1988, the first Redemptoris Mater Seminary was established by Cardinal Poletti, Vicar of the Holy Father in Rome.
In June 2007, Abuna Elias Chacour (Melkite Archbishop of the Archeparchy of Acri, Haifa, Nazareth, and all Galilee) has proposed the establishment of a new "branch" of the Neocatechumenal Way "to work specifically in the Eastern-rite Church" (Melkite liturgy). Archbishop Chacour states in his message that he has searched for "someone or some community to preach the Good News to my parishioners" as an answer to proselytism of the sects, and that the Neocatechumenal Way is an answer. Fr. Rino Rossi received the letter with great joy and reported to ZENIT that "We share the sense of urgency expressed by Archbishop Chacour to evangelize 'the living stones' in the land of the Lord."
Today there are Redemptoris Mater Seminaries all over the world in distinct places such as Managua, Nicaragua, Rome, Newark, Madrid, Berlin, Guam, and Santo Domingo.
Trichonta ostroverkhovae
Trichonta ostroverkhovae adalah spesies lalat yang berasal dari genus Trichonta dan famili Mycetophilidae. Lalat ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Jalan Neokatekumen
The Redemptoris Mater Seminaries
It has now also been announced that a Redemptoris Mater Seminary of the Melkite Rite is due to open in 2008.
Phiale bryantae
Laba-laba ini biasanya banyak ditemui di Antigua.
Trichonta ostroverkhovae
Lalat ini biasanya dapat ditemui di tempat lembap.
Jalan Neokatekumen
Statistics of the Neocatechumenal Way
The following table contains statistics for the number of communities in Europe, the Americas, the Middle East and other countries. Communities are established in a parish within a diocese, and each community usually consists of between 20 to 50 people.
The highest number of communities found in Europe (and the World) are found in Italy. Spain and Poland are the other two countries with more than a thousand communities in Europe.
The highest number of communities in the world in a country per capita is found in Malta, which has 100 communities in an island of 400,000 persons, which is the equivalent of twice the number of communities both in Italy and in Spain.
The Neocatechumenal Way in the Holy Land
During the vocational meeting held near the Sea of Galilee by the Neocatechumenal Way right after Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the Holy Land in May 2009, Kiko Arguello briefly described the Way in the Holy Land, which encompasses Israel and Palestine. There are around 30 communities which follow several different Christian rites, and are an example of the ecumenical breakthroughs which the Neocatechumenal Way has made in recent years.
There are seven communities following the Latin Rite, in Jaffa, Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Nazareth, Betlehem and Cana.
Pogonocherus inermicollis
Pogonocherus inermicollis adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Pogonocherus, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang.
Jalan Neokatekumen
The Neocatechumenal Way in the Holy Land
Apart from running a Redemptoris Mater Seminary within the Domus Galilaeae, the Greek Catholic (Melchite) rite also has 12 communities in several Palestinian villages: three each in Shefamer, Tarshiha and Melia, two in Ibilin and one in Cana.
Additionally, there are two Maronite communities in Gish and Haifa, as well as two Jewish-speaking communities in Haifa and Tel Aviv. The Neocatechumenal Way in the Holy Land has also started in the Greek Orthodox Church.
The World Youth Days
Every three years the World Youth Day has been organized by the Roman Catholic Church, during which the Pope summons youths from all over the world to a chosen city. The Neocatechumenal Way has been an active organizer within the World Youth Days and has rallied young members of the Neocatechumenal communities to attend. During the last World Youth Day, held in Sydney, Cardinal George Pell said that of the 110,000 international visitors that attended, 40,000 were from the Neocatechumenal Way. During the week before the WYD the youth from the Way went announcing the gospel to all peoples of Australia. In Cologne in August 2005, nearly one hundred thousand youth from the NC Way met in Cologne (nearly about 10% of the total of all the youths from around the World who attended the event).
After the meeting with the Pope held for all the youths, the initiators of the Neocatechumenal Way organize a meeting with young members of the Neocatechumenal Way, during which a vocational call is done by Kiko Argüello. In Sydney around one thousand five hundred (1,500) men answered the call for the priesthood and eight hundred and fifty (850) young women stood up to show their willingness to a consecrated life. In Bonn (2005) around one thousand five hundred (1,500) young men, together with another nine hundred (900) young women answered the call.
These young men and women, begin a process of discernment in their own dioceses and NC Way communities (most of the priestly vocations go to a "Redemptoris Mater" seminary), which may lead to priesthood or consecrated life.
At a meeting in Loreto in September 2007 led by Pope Benedict XVI, which was organized as a run-up to the WYD in Sydney in 2008, more than 100,000 Neocatechumenal Way youths exclusively from Europe attended the meeting.
In the July 2008 meeting in Sydney, around 40,000 young members of the Neocatechumenal Way from around the world met for a vocational meeting presided by Cardinal Pell, and a large number of cardinals and archbishops as well as bishops from around the world. The youths embarked on evangelization routes around Australia in all the states and territories before gathering for the WYD celebrations at Randwick Course and later for the Neocatechumenal Way Vocational meeting were around 2,300 young people answered the call for vocations.
Since the meeting with Pope John Paul II in 1984 the Way has had vocational calls in order to “harvest the fruits” which grew in the encounters with the Holy Father. When the call was made in Loreto, some 2,000 men and 1,200 women stood up; showing their willingness to become priests or to live a consecrated life and received a blessing.
In the Sydney meeting in 2008, Kiko called for a 250,000 Neocatechumenal-youth presence at the Madrid World Youth Day due to be held in 2011.
The Statutes
The Statutes of the Neocatechumenal Way are the result of many years of negotiation between Vatican officials and the initiators of the Neocatechumenal Way. The first approval of these statutes was received in June 2002 and marked ad experimentum (meaning "provisional") for five years. Final approval of the Statutes came in June 2008. The Statutes refer to a Catechetical Directory about which Kiko has revealed that “the Holy See is studying the texts of the Way's catecheses, so that they can be made public and distributed to parishes worldwide.".
The Neocatechumenal Way was endowed with “public juridical personality" status. Granted through the Pontifical Council for the Laity and reinforced in the Statutes, this means the Neocatechumenal Way is closely governed by an ecclesiastical authority, that it performs entrusted functions “in the name of the church,” and that it has no material goods of its own.
Liturgical Concessions
On several occasions the Vatican has addressed allegations regarding liturgical issues in the way members of the Neocatechumenal Way celebrate Mass. On 12 December 2005, the former Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Francis Arinze wrote a private letter to Kiko Arguello, Carmen Hernandez and Father Mario Pezzi on behalf of Pope Benedict. This letter directs: "In the celebration of the Holy Mass, the Neocatechumenal Way shall accept and follow the liturgical books approved by the Church, without omitting or adding anything." The letter directs members of the Neocatechumenal Way to adopt the prescribed method of receiving Holy Communion, to participate in parish life, and to celebrate Mass with the rest of the parish community on at least one Sunday each month.
This private letter of Cardinal Arinze has been superseded by the Final Statute of the Neocatechumenal Way when it expresses that “the celebrations of the Eucharist of the neocatechumenal communities on Saturday evening are part of the Sunday liturgical pastoral work of the parish and are open also to other faithful.” This means that by participating in the Saturday evening Eucharistic celebration with their communities, members of the Neocatechumenal Way are already partaking in the Holy Mass of the parish community.
In his Canonical Observations on the Definitive Approval of the Statutes of the Neocatechumenal Way, Msgr. Juan Ignacio Arrieta, Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts summarizes the liturgical concessions of the Neocatechumenal Way as follows: “First, that the neocatechumens celebrate the Eucharist in the small community, after the First Vespers of Sunday. Second, that this celebration, after First Vespers takes place according to the disposition of the diocesan bishop. Third, that these celebrations [...] are part of the pastoral work and consequently are open to all the faithful. Fourth, that in these celebrations the liturgical books approved by the Roman Rite are followed, 'with the exception of the explicit concessions from the Holy See' (always with unleavened bread), moving the rite of peace before the consecration, communion under both species, brief admonitions and echoes and, finally, a new way for the distribution of Communion: 'Regarding the distribution of Holy Communion under the two species, the neocatechumens receive standing, remaining at their place.' In practice, the faithful receive the broken consecrated bread (now the Body of Christ) into the palm while standing, take seat and wait until all the faithful receive the consecrated bread. Then the presbyter says 'Body of Christ, bring us everlasting life!' and the whole congregation consumes together. Sharing the cup takes place afterward, individually, while the faithful are standing at their seats and the presbyter carries the chalice around.
In an interview with the Spanish newspaper La Razón, Cardinal Antonio Cañizares, the current Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship expressed his view on the Eucharistic celebration of the Neocatechumenal Way: “There are no liturgical anomalies [in the Eucharist]; everything is in full compliance of the guidelines of the ‘Ordo Missae.’ What I have really seen there are Eucharists celebrated without any hurry, with a great faith, and where you can perceive the joy and the thanksgiving for the gift which is being bestowed in the Eucharist.”
The Statutes also mention the sacrament of Penance celebrated according to the rite of reconciliation for multiple penitents, with individual confession and absolution.
Criticisms
During the 40 years since its inception the Neocatechumenal Way has drawn some criticism, especially in the 1980s and the 1990s, by some priests, theologians and by local bishops, who expressed concerns about the orthodoxy of its teachings and the validity of its liturgical practices. In 1995, the Italian Passionist priest and theologian Enrico Zofolli published a savage critique of the Neocatechumenal Way in which he accused the movement of heretical ideas: “Their doctrine is seriously compromised with errors against fundamental dogmatics of the Church, the Popes and the Councils. They negate the Redemption, the sacrifice character of the Eucharist, the transubstantiation, etc... they misunderstand the sin and the Grace concepts... their doctrinal statements are fundamentally wrong.” In particular, he warned bishops of the dangers of allowing Redemptoris Mater seminaries to open in their dioceses: "The building of Neocatechumenal seminaries, where candidates are prepared for the priesthood educated in accordance with the doctrinal errors of Kiko, could be one of the worst threats for the Church of tomorrow." .
The Neocatechumenal Way has never made any official pronouncement regarding the accusations of heresy, but have always relied on declarations by the Holy See. The two strongest signs of approval by the Holy See was the approval of the Statutes in 2008 and in the reaffirmation of the Orientations for the Teams of Catechists, also known as the Catechetical Directory, of the approval first issued in 2003 and then again in January 2011. These indicate the approval of the Church in both the structure of the Neocatechumenal Way and also of its teachings.
Another area for concern has been the allegations that the Neocatechumenal Way could have a divisive impact on the Catholic parishes it moves into. The Neocatechumenal communities are made up of people from the parish and they do not celebrate their Masses on Sunday but on Saturday evening with the Sunday Vigil Mass, in small groups in the church and separately from the parish communities to which they belong.
In France, the Neocatechumenate was first introduced into the parish of St Germain-des-Prés in Paris. However, protracted disputation followed, and the archbishop of Paris, Cardinal François Marty, blocked any further expansion before his retirement in 1981. During 1992, controversy at the parish of Pulnoy-Cerville prompted the bishop of Nancy to transfer the catechists to another parish.
At St. Vincent's church, Sydney, Australia, a Neocatechumenal Way priest was appointed in 2003; he replaced practices and structures introduced by the previous parish priest. Many of the indigenous parish members challenged this.
In the Philippines, the Socrates B. Villegas, theArchbishop of Lingayen-Dagupan, imposed a temporary moratorium on all initial catecheses in the Way within the archdiocese in May 2010. No new communities will be opened, and no new members may be initiated. He explained that "despite its positive effects ... there are certain concerns about the direction the Neocatechumenate is leading to".
Archbishop Peter Takeo Okada has described the Way's presence in Japan’s small Catholic community as "a serious problem" and "divisive and confrontational". In 2010, the Japanese episcopal conference announced that it would suspend the activities of the movement in Japan for five years. However, Pope Benedict XVI refused the request from four Japanese bishops on December 13 in Rome, saying that a delegate would be sent to see the situation speaking to both clergy and laity alike. The Takamatsu Redemptoris Mater seminary was relocated to Rome in 2009.
A former assistant-general of the Marist Fathers, New Zealand social anthropologist Gerald Arbuckle SM warned superiors of Catholic religious orders that they need to limit involvement with the Neocatechumenal Way by members of their communities: "I believe that no authentic religious can belong to a sect.” In particular, he criticised the NC's rejection of "the Gospel commitment to inculturation" (the commitment to interact in a non-imperialistic way with local cultures).
Pope meets with Roman clergy (2/2007)
On Thursday 22 February 2007, Pope Benedict XVI met the clergy of Rome in a question-and-answer session. Fr. Gerardo Raul Carcar asked the Pope for advice on how he should integrate movements in order to develop a real ministry of unity in the universal Church.
The Neocatechumenal Way was mentioned briefly by the Pope as follows:"'For example, we ask ourselves whether, after five years of experience, it is possible to confirm definitively the Statutes for the Neocatechumenal Way, whether a trial period is necessary or whether, perhaps, certain elements of this structure need perfecting. In any case, I knew the Neocatechumenals from the very outset. It was a long Way, with many complications that still exist today, but we have found an ecclesial form that has already vastly improved the relationship between the Pastor and the Way. We are going ahead like this! The same can be said for other Movements.'"
The Holy Father cited two rules for movements' growth: respect for the charism, and integration with and service of the Church.
A letter from the bishops of the Holy Land (2/2007)
"Brothers and sisters of the Way: You are welcome in our dioceses," the bishops wrote in their letter released Sunday. "We thank God for the grace the Lord has given you and for the charism that the Holy Spirit has infused in the Church through your ministry of post-baptismal formation.
"We are grateful for your presence in some of our parishes, for the preaching of the Word of God, for the help given to our faithful in deepening their faith and in rooting them in their own local church."
Melkite Leader Invites Neocatechumenal Way (5/2007)
The leader of the Melkite Greek Catholics of Galilee has proposed the establishment of a new "branch" of the Neocatechumenal Way to work specifically in the Eastern-rite Church in Galilee.
Archbishop Elias Chacour recognized that this ecclesial reality is bearing "excellent fruits" in its evangelizing work within the Melkite Church.
To further develop the fruits of this evangelization, the archbishop proposes the establishment of a new branch of the Neocatechumenal Way that would work within the Melkite Church and adopt its liturgy.
"You follow with your procedures the same path and the same methods, my Ancestors, the Apostles, used at the beginning of Christianity two thousand years ago," Archbishop Chacour writes. "You proclaim the Word of God fearlessly with conviction and with determination."
Final Approval by the Holy See (6/2008)
"Thus ends the process that began in 1997" reads a communiqué on the subject released by the Neo-Catechumenal Way. A process that began "at the behest of John Paul II to give the Way 'formal legal recognition' and to make it a 'universal patrimony of the Church'". In the communique the founders of the Neo-Catechumenal Way explained how "our recognition and gratitude go out to Pope Benedict XVI who with great love has followed and approved the conclusion of this work.
Benedict XVI Gives Thanks for Neocatechumenal Way (1/2009)
Benedict XVI gave thanks to God for the fruits of the evangelical efforts of the Neocatechumenal Way, as that Catholic lay group celebrated 40 years of foundation in Rome.
In an event on Saturday in St. Peter's Basilica to mark the anniversary, the Pope addressed some 25,000 members of the Way. The group's founders, Kiko Argüello and Carmen Hernández, as well as Father Mario Pezzi were in attendance.
"How can we not bless the Lord for the spiritual fruits which, through the methodology of evangelization that you apply, have been harvested in these years," the Holy Father asked. "How many fresh apostolic energies have risen up both among priests and among laypeople! How many men and women and how many families that had grown distant from the ecclesial community or had abandoned the practice of Christian life, through the announcement of the kerygma and the itinerary of rediscovery of baptism, have been helped to find again the joy of the faith and the enthusiasm of the testimony of the Gospel."
The Bishop of Rome recognized that the recent approval of the statutes of the Neocatechumenal Way by the Pontifical Council for the Laity "has sealed the esteem and benevolence with which the Holy See follows this work that the Lord has stirred up through the initiators [of the Way]."
The Pontiff went on to affirm that the full realization of the work comes with "docile adherence to the directives" of the bishops and "with communion with all of the other components of the People of God."
"This unity, gift of the Holy Spirit and incessant quest of believers, makes of each community a living and well-integrated joint in the mystical body of Christ," he said.
Finally, Benedict XVI gave thanks to God for the "great number of priests and consecrated persons that the Lord has risen up in your communities."
During the event, Argüello presented some of the fruits of the Neocatechumenal Way: more than 200 families who will go out to various parts of the world to announce the Gospel, joining another 500 already on mission; 700 people who have spread the experience of the Way around the world; 15 new groups of three to four families with a priest who will go to live in cities where the practice of the Christian faith is weak.
Argüello presented these and other groups to the Holy Father, who gave them his blessing.
The Pope then presented a representative number with a silver cross, symbol of the mission entrusted to them. The event concluded with the singing of the "Te Deum."
Neocatechumenal Way Accompanies Pope to Holy Land (5/2009)
More than 7,000 European youth of the Catholic lay Neocatechumenal Way accompanied Benedict XVI on his trip to the Holy Land in May 2009.
The young people made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land during the eight days of the Pope's visit, and participated in the various events planned for those days in Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth.
Youths from all over Europe and beyond, met with the founders and leaders of the Neocatechumenate, in a retreat house run by the group on the Mount of the Beatitudes (Domus Galilaeae). They also visited Upper Galilee in order to hold meetings with Orthodox, Byzantine and Maronite young people of the region. -->
Pangeran Adhipati Mangkoe Negara
Pangeran Adhipati Mangkoe Negara adalah Raja Kerajaan Bunut sejak tahun 1858.
Cremnosterna alboplagiata
Cremnosterna alboplagiata adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Cremnosterna, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang.
Pulau Bakau Selatan Marabatuang
Pulau Bakau Selatan Marabatuang adalah nama sebuah pulau kecil yang berada di gugusan Kepulauan Tengah, perairan Laut Flores dan secara administratif masuk pada wilayah Desa Sailus, Kecamatan Liukang Tangaya, Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Secara astronomis, pulau ini terletak di titik koordinat -7.4946°N, 117.485°W.
Penyuntingan film
Penyuntingan film adalah bagian dari prosesa pascaproduksi kreatif dari pembuatan film. Istilah penyuntingan film berasal dari proses pengerjaan film secara tradisional, tetapi sekarang lebih ke penggunaan teknologi digital.
Laraesima scutellaris
Laraesima scutellaris adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang berasal dari famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Laraesima, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang.
Lecanorales
Lecanorales adalah ordo dari kebanyakan jamur lumut kerak (liken) termasuk kelas Lecanoromycetes dalam divisi Ascomycota. Ordo ini terdiri dari 26 famili, 269 genera, dan 5695 spesies.
Ada Cinta di SMA (album)
Ada Cinta Di SMA merupakan sebuah album musik soundtrack karya CJR. Dirilis pada 21 September 2016. Album soundtrack ini berisi 10 buah lagu, yang terdiri dari 5 lagu yang dinyanyikan CJR, sisa 5 lagu lainnya dinyanyikan solo dan duet. Lagu utamanya dialbum ini yaitu Cinta Salah yang dinyanyikan oleh Caitlin Halderman. Dalam memasarkan album ini, CJR bekerjasama dengan KFC dan Starvision Plus untuk mendistribusikan album ini dan Album ini hanya dijual di KFC dan XXI diseluruh Indonesia, dan dijual secara digital melalui iTunes.
Siti Chalimah Fadjriah
Siti Chalimah Fadjriah adalah Deputi Gubernur Bank Indonesia. Alumni Universitas Gadjah Mada ini menggantikan Aulia Pohan sebagai Deputi Gubernur Bank Indonesia Bidang Pengawasan pada tahun 2005. Namanya dikenal karena ketika menjabat sebagai Deputi Gubernur Bank Indonesia, terjadi skandal di Bank Century.
Mabílio Albuquerque
Mabílio Albuquerque adalah seorang perenang asal Portugal. Ia berkompetisi dalam dua lomba pada Olimpiade Musim Panas 1988.
Pulau Palmerston
Pulau Palmerston adalah sebuah atoll karang yang terletak di Kepulauan Cook di Samudra Pasifik, sekitar 500 km di sebelah barat laut Rarotonga. Palmerston terdiri dari sejumlah pulau pasir kecil dan karang-karang yang mengelilingi sebuah laguna. Pulau ini memiliki iklim tropis, tetapi kadang-kadang terkena dampak siklon tropis.
Pulau ini pertama kali ditemukan oleh James Cook pada tanggal 16 Juni 1774. Pada saat James Cook tiba, pulau tersebut tidak dihuni oleh siapapun, walaupun beberapa kuburan kuno telah ditemukan. Cook menamai pulau ini dari Henry Temple, Viscount Palmerston Kedua. Pada tahun 1863, seorang tukang kayu yang bernama William Marsters datang dari Manuae ke Palmerston bersama dengan dua istri Polinesianya dan mengambil alih pulau ini untuk Britania Raya. Ia kemudian menikahi istri ketiga dan memiliki keluarga besar dengan 23 anak-anak.
Saat ini hanya terdapat 62 orang yang tinggal di Pulau Palmerston, dan hampir semuanya merupakan keturunan William Marsters.
Ekonomi pulau ini didasarkan pada sektor perikanan, pariwisata, kopra, dan pengumpulan bulu burung. Walaupun sangat terpencil, listrik dan alat-alat modern lainnya dapat ditemui di pulau ini. Di Pulau Palmerston tidak terdapat bandar udara, tetapi kapal kargo datang beberapa kali setiap tahunnya.
Carex bermudiana
Carex bermudiana adalah spesies tumbuhan seperti rumput yang tergolong ke dalam famili Cyperaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Carex bermudiana sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Carex. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Hemsl..
Insulasi termal
Insulasi termal, insulasi panas, atau isolasi termal adalah metode atau proses yang digunakan untuk mengurangi laju perpindahan panas/kalor. Panas atau energi panas (kalor) bisa dipindahkan dengan cara konduksi, konveksi, dan radiasi atau ketika terjadi perubahan wujud. Mengenai insulasi termal, hanya dibicarakan perpindahan panas secara konduksi, konveksi, dan radiasi. Aliran panas dapat dikendalikan dengan proses ini, tergantung pada sifat material yang dipergunakan. Bahan yang digunakan untuk mengurangi laju perpindahan panas itu disebut atau insulator atau isolator. Panas dapat lolos meskipun ada upaya untuk menutupinya, tetapi insulator mengurangi panas yang lolos tersebut.
Insulasi termal dapat menjaga wilayah tertutup seperti bangunan atau tubuh agar terasa hangat lebih lama dari yang sewajarnya, tetapi itu tidak mencegah hasil akhirnya, yaitu masuknya dingin dan keluarnya panas. Insulator juga dapat bekerja sebaliknya, yaitu menjaga bagian dalam suatu wadah terasa dingin lebih lama dari biasanya. Insulator digunakan untuk memperkecil perpindahan energi panas.
Kemampuan insulasi suatu bahan diukur dengan konduktivitas termal (k). Konduktivitas termal yang rendah setara dengan kemampuan insulasi (resistansi termal atau nilai R) yang tinggi. Dalam teknik termal, sifat-sifat lain suatu bahan insulator adalah densitas (ρ) dan kapasitas panas spesifik (c).
Insulasi
Bahan dengan konduktivitas termal (k) rendah menurunkan laju aliran panas. Jika nilai k lebih kecil, value, maka nilai resistansi termal yang berkaitan (R) akan lebih besar. Konduktivitas termal diukur dengan satuan watt-per-meter per Kelvin (W·m−1·K−1), dilambangkan dengan k. Semakin tebal bahan insulator, semakin tinggi pula resistansi termal atau nilai R bahan itu.
Untuk suatu tabung, resistansi termal konvektif berbanding terbalik dengan luas permukaan dan karenanya juga berbanding terbalik dengan jari-jari (radius) tabung, sedangkan resistansi termal kulit tabung (lapisan insulasi) tergantung dari rasio jari-jari luar dan dalam, bukan pada jari-jari itu sendiri. Misalnya jari-jari luar tabung dilipat gandakan dengan menambah lapisan insulator, berarti ditambahkan sejumlah tertentu resistansi konduktif (sama dengan ln(2)/(2πkL)) tetapi pada saat yang sama resistansi konvektif dikurangi setengahnya. Karena resistansi konvektif cenderung mendekati nilai tak terhingga jika jari-jari mendekati nol, maka pada jari-jari yang kecil, penurunan resistansi konventif akan lebih besar daripada penambahan resistansi konduktif, sehingga menghasilkan total resistansi yang lebih rendah.
Persamaan ini menunjukkan bahwa jari-jari kritikal tergantung hanya pada koefisien transfer panas dan konduktivitas termal dari insulasi. Jika jari-jari tabung yang tidak terinsulasi lebih besar dari jari-jari kritikal insulator, penambahan insulator dalam jumlah apapun akan menurutnkan transfer panas.
Aliran panas dapat dikurangi dengan menangani satu atau lebih dari tiga mekanisme transfer panas (perpindahan kalor) dan tergantung pada sifat fisik bahan yang digunakan untuk melakukan hal ini.
Phiale bulbosa
Phiale bulbosa adalah spesies laba-laba yang tergolong famili Salticidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Phiale dan ordo Araneae. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1901 oleh F O P-Cambridge.
Laba-laba ini biasanya banyak ditemui di Panama.
Insulasi termal
Radiasi termal dan pelindung radiasi
Radiasi termal terdiri dari seluruh jenis panjang gelombang cahaya, tetapi sebagian besar energi yang diradiasikan pada suhu ruangan berbentuk gelombang inframerah. Radiasi tidak membutuhkan medium untuk mengalirkan kalor karena panas diradiasikan dalam bentuk gelombang elektromagnetik. Besarnya energi yang diradiasikan berbanding lurus dengan luas permukaan dan emisivitas. Setiap objek bersuhu di atas nol mutlak pasti meradiasikan energi. Pelindung radiasi menunjuk pada sifat emisivitas dan penyerapan yang rendah, dan reflektivitas yang tinggi. Pada jenis benda tersebut, energi yang diserap jauh lebih kecil daripada energi yang dipantulkan. Logam yang disemir dengan sangat baik memiliki sifat pelindung radiasi yang baik. Kebalikannya, benda gelap akan memiliki emisivitas dan penyerapan yang tinggi, serta reflektivitas yang rendah. Pada material jenis ini, energi yang diserap akan lebih tinggi daripada yang dipantulkan (lihat benda hitam).
Blaser 93
Blaser R93 adalah senapan runduk bolt-action buatan Jerman menggunakan amunisi peluru kaliber 7,62 mm (.308 Winchester). Senapan ini mempunyai beberapa varian diantaranya Blaser LRS 2, Blaser Tactical 2, Blaser Tactical (LRT) dan berbagai pilihan kaliber amunisi.
Insulasi termal
Konveksi termal dan pelindung konvektif
Konveksi termal terjadi ketika panas mengalir melalui medium dan disertai perpindahan molekul penyusun material tersebut. Perpindahan molekul tersebut terjadi karena perbedaan massa jenis akibat pemuaian akibat panas sehingga terjadi suatu aliran. Konveksi bisa diredam dengan cara membagi medium konvektif menjadi beberapa bagian untuk mencegah terbentuknya aliran.
Pakaian
Pakaian dipergunakan untuk mempertahankan temperatur tubuh manusia. Untuk memungkinkan dipergunakannya pakaian di lingkungan yang panas, bahan pakaian harus memungkinkan bagi keringat untuk menguap. Antisipasi yang baik ketika cuaca panas adalah dengan menyediakan aliran udara dalam pakaian sehingga udara dapat masuk dan pendinginan oleh keringat dapat terjadi. Keringat menguap karena menyerap panas tubuh, sehingga jika uap jenuh di dalam pakaian, tubuh akan semakin panas. Untuk melawan dingin, mengaplikasikan beberapa lapis pakaian mungkin berguna untuk mempertahankan panas tubuh. Dalam cuaca yang dingin, panas tubuh dapat menghilang dari pakaian karena angin, perbedaan temperatur, dan radiasi. Hal ini juga berlaku untuk aksesoris pakaian lainnya (sepatu, topi, dan sebagainya).
Bangunan
Mempertahankan temperatur bangunan pada tingkat kenyamanan umumnya menggunakan banyak energi karena konsumsi energi dipakai untuk pendinginan atau pemanasan ruangan. Beberapa bangunan yang sering dipakaikan peredam panas yaitu rumah, pabrik, gedung olahraga, gedung pertemuan. Ketika bangunan diinsulasi dengan baik, manfaat yang dapat diambil diantaranya: Beberapa jenis insulasi termal juga menyerap kebisingan dan getaran yang datang dari dalam dan luar ruangan sehingga menciptakan kenyamanan dalam bertempat tinggal. Insulasi pipa juga bermanfaat dalam bangunan untuk pipa yang menyalurkan fluida panas ataupun dingin.
Sistem mekanik
Sistem pemanasan dan pendinginan ruangan menyalurkan panas ke seluruh bangunan melalui jaringan pipa atau saluran. Insulasi pipa dapat mengurangi pemborosan energi ke ruangan yang tidak perlu dipanasi dan mencegah pengembunan atau kondensasi pada jaringan pipa yang beku atau terekspos pada suhu rendah. Insulasi pipa juga digunakan pada jaringan pipa air minum untuk menghindari pembekuan pipa untuk periode yang diinginkan.
Otomotif
Mesin pembakaran internal menghasilkan panas dalam jumlah besar selama siklus pembakaran (combustion). Hal ini memberi efek negatif bila mencapa sejumlah komponen yang peka terhadap panas, seperti sensor, aki, dan motor starter. Akibatnya, insulasi termal sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah panas dari exhaust mencapai komponen-komponen ini.
Perjalanan luar angkasa
Wahana antariksa memiliki banyak kebutuhan insulasi. Insulasi yang dibutuhkan harus ringan, karena penambahan massa berarti penambahan biaya peluncuran. Di luar angkasa tidak ada atmosfer yang melindungi dari sinar matahari sehingga setiap objek akan dipanaskan oleh matahari dalam sekejap. Di luar angkasa, panas tidak bisa dikonveksikan ataupun dikonduksikan ke objek lain. Insulasi berlapis, lempengan emas, umumnya menutupi satelit dan kendaraan luar angkasa, yang berguna untuk mengontrol radiasi termal. Peluncuran dan kembalinya wahana antariksa ke bumi mengakibatkan tekanan pada wahana antariksa, sehingga ketahanan insulator sangat dibutuhkan (lihat kasus Pesawat Ulang Alik Columbia). Proses kembalinya wahana antariksa ke bumi menghasilkan panas yang tinggi ketika menyentuh atmosfer sehingga membutuhkan insulator dengan sifat termal yang sangat baik, seperti karbon komposit di bagian hidung dan lapisan silika pada badan pesawat ulang alik.
Rahima Orchient Yayah
Rahima Orchient Yayah adalah wanita beragama Islam dari Malaysia yang terakhir menjuarai Miss Malaysia, dengan dikeluarkannya fatwa pada tahun 1997 tentang dilarangnya wanita Malaysia yang beragama Islam untuk mengikuti kontes kecantikan. Dia masuk dalam 10 besar Miss World 1994.