cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
FutureWave Software
FutureWave Software, Inc adalah sebuah perusahaan pengembangan perangkat lunak yang berbasis di San Diego, California. Perusahaan tersebut didirikan oleh Charlie Jackson dan Jonathan Gay pada 22 Januari 1993.
Aussie
Aussie adalah istilah prokem bahasa Inggris Australia yang berarti orang/bangsa Australia.
Penggunaan etnik
Dalam konteks sesudah Al Grassby, Aussie digunakan secara defensif (sebagai lawan bagi pemisahan kultural) oleh beberapa kelompok bangsa Australia sebagai istilah untuk mengenali masyarakat dari kelompok kultural tradisional (keturunan Inggris-Irlandia). Sebuah kesejajaran yang lemah muncul di antara penggunaannya di Australia dan Boer di Afrika Selatan, kedua-duanya merujuk kepada turunan penghuni yang lebih dini, sebagai lawan bagi imigran.
Terminologi ini menerima perhatian internasional sebagai hasil dari kerusuhan Cronulla 2005, di mana t-shirt (khususnya t-shirt yang memuat bendera Australia) dan coretan di pantai terbaca "100% Kebanggaan Aussie" dan terlihat lebih besar sebagai tampilan indetifikasi etnik. Istilah ini digunakan untuk membedakan keturunan Inggris-Irlandia dari keturunan Libanon atau Timur-Tengah.
Sampo
Aussie juga merupakan produk sampo dari "Procter and Gamble" yang pertama diluncurkan di Australia. Kini sekarang dipasarkan juga di Britania Raya, Norwegia, Swedia, dan Denmark.
Sumber Tani, Kasimbar, Parigi Moutong
Sumber Tani adalah desa di kecamatan Kasimbar, Parigi Moutong, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia.
Agrilus consimilis
Agrilus consimilis adalah spesies kumbang yang tergolong ke dalam famili Buprestidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Coleoptera. Spesies Agrilus consimilis sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Agrilus yang mencakup sekitar 3.000 spesies. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Waterhouse, 1889.
Renault R26
Renault R26 merupakan sebuah mobil Formula Satu yang dirancang oleh tim Renault F1 untuk musim balap F1. Mobil ini dirancang oleh Bob Bell dan sukses mengantar Fernando Alonso menjadi juara dunia untuk kedua kalinya secara berturut-turut.
Tegal Harum, Denpasar Barat, Denpasar
Desa Tegal Harum merupakan salah satu Desa yang ada di kecamatan Denpasar Barat, Kotamadya Denpasar, provinsi Bali, Indonesia.
Demografi
Penduduk desa Tegal Harum sampai dengan tahun 2016 berjumlah 16.683 jiwa terdiri dari 8.603 laki-laki dan 8.080 perempuan dengan tingkat sex rasio 106.
Sejarah
Desa Tegal Harum merupakan salah satu desa termuda yang ada di Kota Denpasar. Sebelum Desa Tegal Harum lahir, kawasan ini merupakan areal persawahan yang secara fisiografis keadaan tanahnya sering terlanda banjir, sehingga dari segi kelas kesesuaian lahan apabila untuk pertanian adalah kurang sesuai. Mengingat berbagai permasalahan yang muncul salah satu di antaranya yang dihadapi pemerintah adalah masalah pemukiman, dengan demikian Perum-Perumnas atas seijin Pemerintah membangun suatu kawasan pemukiman yang disebut kawasan pemukiman “Perumnas (Perumahan Umum Nasional) Monang Maning” yang terdiri dari 10 Blok.
Melihat perkembangan-perkembangan yang muncul demikian pesatnya secara sosial kemasyarakatan maupun kedinasan, maka munculah kelompok-kelompok penghuni rumah didalam sebuah Blok hunian yang secara administratif berada dibawah Kelurahan Pemecutan.
Sebelum lahirnya Desa Tegal Harum secara definitif, maka kawasan Perumnas Monang Maning terdiri dari 10 Blok (Blok I s/d Blok X) yang berada dibawah Kelurahan Pemecutan. Selanjutnya oleh warga pada masing-masing Blok memberi nama sesuai kesepakatan, sebagai contoh Blok VI diberi nama Br. Tegal Sari, Blok VII Br. Sapta Bumi, demikian seterusnya.
Diawali dengan pembentukan Desa Persiapan (dua Desa Persiapan) untuk Perumnas Monang-Maning, masing-masing Desa membawahi 5 Dusun/Banjar sesuai dengan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Kdh. Tk. I Bali Nomor 24 Tahun 1988 tanggal 23 Januari 1988 maka Desa Persiapan Tegal Harum lahir yang ditandai dengan dilantiknya perangkat Desa, namun secara administratif masih dibawah Kelurahan Pemecutan, karena urusan Pemerintahan dan hubungan surat menyurat keluar dilakukan melalui Kelurahan Pemecutan.
Perkembangan lebih lanjut Blok-Blok yang sudah menjadi Dusun/Banjar yang merupakan ujung tombak Organisasi Pemerintahan pada tingkat yang paling rendah sesuai dengan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Kdh. Tk. I Bali Nomor 415 tahun 1989 tentang penetapan Desa-desa Difinitif di Kabupaten Daerah Tk. II Badung sehingga lahirlah dua buah desa dikawasan Perumnas Monang Maning salah satu diantaranya adalah Desa Tegal Harum yang terdiri dari 5 Dusun/Banjar yaitu Dusun/Banjar Tegal Sari, Sapta Bumi, Bhuana Merta, Sanga Agung dan Cemara Agung.
Berdasarkan keputusan Walikotamadya Kepala Daerah Tingkat II Denpasar nomor 726 tahun 1994, tanggal 20 Januari 1994, tentang penegasan batas Desa Tegal Kerta dan Desa Tegal Harum sebagai difinitif di kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Denpasar, kemudian dari penegasan tersebut, Desa Tegal Harum mendapatkan tambahan wilayah yakni Dusun/Banjar Buana Kubu dan Dusun/Banjar Sari Buana yang sebelumnya masuk wilayah Kelurahan Padangsambian serta Dusun/Banjar Asta Buana sebelumnya merupakan bagian wilayah Pemecutan Kelod. Sehingga dari penambahan wilayah tersebut Desa Tegal Harum sekarang ini memiliki 8 (delapan) Dusun/ Banjar Definitif, dengan luas wilayah ± 62 Ha.
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Menurut pandangan mayoritas Injil Matius, Markus, dan Lukas, secara kolektif disebut sebagai Injil Sinoptik, adalah sumber utama informasi historis tentang Yesus dan gerakan keagamaan yang didirikan-Nya. Injil keempat, Injil Yohanes, sangat berbeda dari ketiga Injil yang lain. Sejarawan sering mempelajari keandalan sejarah Kisah para Rasul ketika mempelajari keandalan Kitab-kitab Injil, karena Kisah Para Rasul tampaknya ditulis oleh penulis yang sama untuk Injil Lukas.
Methodology
When judging the historical reliability of the gospels, scholars ask if the accounts in the gospels are, when judged using normal standards that historians use on other ancient writings, reliable or not. The main issues are what are the 'original' gospels, whether the original gospel works were accurate eyewitness accounts, and whether those original versions have been transmitted accurately through the ages to us. In evaluating the historical reliability of the Gospels, scholars consider a number of factors. These include authorship and date of composition, intention and genre, gospel sources and oral tradition, textual criticism, and historical authenticity of specific sayings and narrative events.
Scholars tend to consider Luke's works (Luke-Acts) to be closer in genre to "pure" history, although they also note that “This is not to say that he [Luke] was always reliably informed, or that - any more than modern historians - he always presented a severely factual account of events.” New Testament scholar, James D.G. Dunn believes that "the earliest tradents within the Christian churches [were] preservers more than innovators...seeking to transmit, retell, explain, interpret, elaborate, but not create de novo...Through the main body of the Synoptic tradition, I believe, we have in most cases direct access to the teaching and ministry of Jesus as it was remembered from the beginning of the transmission process (which often predates Easter) and so fairly direct access to the ministry and teaching of Jesus through the eyes and ears of those who went about with him." Nevertheless, David Jenkins, a former Anglican Bishop of Durham and university professor, has stated that “Certainly not! There is absolutely no certainty in the New Testament about anything of importance.”
Critical scholars have developed a number of criteria to evaluate the probability, or historical authenticity, of an attested event or saying represented in the gospels. These criteria are applied to the gospels in order to help scholars in reconstructions of the Historical Jesus. The criterion of dissimilarity argues that if a saying or action is dissimilar to, or contrary to, the views of Judaism in the context of Jesus or the views of the early church, then it can more confidently be regarded as an authentic saying or action of Jesus. One commonly cited example of this is Jesus' controversial reinterpretation of the Mosaic law in his Sermon on the Mount, or Peter's decision to allow uncircumcised gentiles into what was, at the time, a sect of Judaism. The criterion of embarrassment holds that the authors of the gospels had no reason to invent embarrassing incidents such as the denial of Jesus by Peter, or the fleeing of Jesus' followers after his arrest, and therefore such details would likely not have been included unless they were true. Bart Ehrman, using the criterion of dissimilarity to judge the historical reliability of the claim Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist, notes that "it is hard to imagine a Christian inventing the story of Jesus' baptism since this could be taken to mean that he was John's subordinate."
The criterion of multiple attestation says that when two or more independent sources present similar or consistent accounts, it is more likely that the accounts are accurate reports of events or that they are reporting a tradition which pre-dates the sources themselves. This is often used to note that the four gospels attest to most of the same events, but that Paul's epistles often attest to these events as well, as do the writings of the early church, and to a limited degree non-Christian ancient writings. The criterion of cultural and historical congruency says that a source is less credible if the account contradicts known historical facts, or if it conflicts with cultural practices common in the period in question. It is, therefore, more credible if it agrees with those known facts. For example, this is often used when assessing the reliability of claims in Luke-Acts, such as the official title of Pontius Pilate. Through linguistic criteria a number of conclusions can be drawn. The criterion of "Aramaisms" as it is often referred holds that if a saying of Jesus has Aramaic roots, reflecting Jesus' Palestinian context, the saying is more likely to be authentic.
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Naskah paling awal yang masih ada
Naskah tertua adalah berupa fragmenbberukuran kartu nama dari Injil Yohanes, Rylands Library Papyrus P52, yang bertarikh paruh pertama abad ke-2. Salinan lengkap satu kitab Perjanjian Baru muncul sekitar tahun 200, dan salinan lengkap Perjanjian Baru, the Codex Sinaiticus bertarikh abad ke-4. Dalam kasus Injil, kesenjangan waktu antara penulis dan naskah paling awal yang masih ada atau yang sudah ada naskah teks adalah jauh lebih pendek dibandingkan naskah-naskah kuno lain yang diterima, seperti naskah-naskah yang dikaitkan dengan Plato. Salinan dialog Plato tertua yang ada bertarikh sekitar 1.000 tahun setelah Plato menulis teks itu. Kondisi naskah-naskah paling kuno itu adalah penting, tapi tidak selalu berdampak pada keandalan, atau kurangnya keandalan, suatu sumber.
Daftar tabel berikut mencantumkan manuskrip Injil paling awal yang masih ada.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Spesies endemik Taiwan adalah flora dan fauna asli yang hanya dapat ditemukan di negara Taiwan, dan tidak ditemukan di negara lain.
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Kritik tekstual dan interpolasi
Kritik tekstual berkaitan dengan identifikasi dan penghapusan kesalahan transkripsi dalam teks-teks dari naskah-naskah kuno. Para ahli taurat kuno membuat kesalahan atau perubahan (seperti termasuk penambahan non-otentik). Dalam upaya untuk menentukan teks asli dari kitab Perjanjian Baru, beberapa kritik teks modern telah mengidentifikasi beberapa bagian sebagai penambahan bahan, berabad-abad setelah injil ditulis. Ini disebut interpolasi. Dalam terjemahan-terjemahan modern Alkitab, hasil dari kritik tekstual telah menyebabkan beberapa ayat, kata-kata dan frase ditinggalkan atau ditandai sebagai tidak asli. <!-- For example, there are a number of Bible verses in the New Testament that are present in the King James Version (KJV) but are absent from most modern Bible translations. Most modern textual scholars consider these verses interpolations (exceptions include advocates of the Byzantine or Majority text). The verse numbers have been reserved, but without any text, so as to preserve the traditional numbering of the remaining verses. The Biblical scholar Bart D. Ehrman notes that many current verses were not part of the original text of the New Testament. "These scribal additions are often found in late medieval manuscripts of the New Testament, but not in the manuscripts of the earlier centuries," he adds. "And because the King James Bible is based on later manuscripts, such verses "became part of the Bible tradition in English-speaking lands." He notes, however, that modern English translations, such as the New International Version, were written by using a more appropriate textual method.
Jayaratu, Sariwangi, Tasikmalaya
Jayaratu adalah desa di kecamatan Sariwangi, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Pohon cemara Formosa - Formosan cypress
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Kritik tekstual dan interpolasi
Most modern Bibles have footnotes to indicate passages that have disputed source documents. Bible Commentaries also discuss these, sometimes in great detail. While many variations have been discovered between early copies of biblical texts, most of these are variations in spelling, punctuation, or grammar. Also, many of these variants are so particular to the Greek language that they would not appear in translations into other languages.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Cemara merah Taiwan
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Kritik tekstual dan interpolasi
Two of the most important interpolations are the last verses of the Gospel of Mark  and the story of the adulterous woman in the Gospel of John. Some critics also believe the explicit reference to the Trinity in 1 John to have been a later addition.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Chamaecyparis formosensis
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Kritik tekstual dan interpolasi
The New Testament has been preserved in more than 5,800 fragmentary Greek manuscripts, 10,000 Latin manuscripts and 9,300 manuscripts in various other ancient languages including Syriac, Slavic, Ethiopic and Armenian. Not all biblical manuscripts come from orthodox Christian writers. For example, the Gnostic writings of Valentinus come from the 2nd century AD, and these Christians were regarded as heretics by the mainstream church. The sheer number of witnesses presents unique difficulties, although it gives scholars a better idea of how close modern bibles are to the original versions. Bruce Metzger says "The more often you have copies that agree with each other, especially if they emerge from different geographical areas, the more you can cross-check them to figure out what the original document was like. The only way they'd agree would be where they went back genealogically in a family tree that represents the descent of the manuscripts.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Chamaecyparis obtuse
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Kritik tekstual dan interpolasi
In "The Text Of The New Testament", Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland compare the total number of variant-free verses, and the number of variants per page (excluding orthographic errors), among the seven major editions of the Greek NT (Tischendorf, Westcott-Hort, von Soden, Vogels, Merk, Bover and Nestle-Aland), concluding that 62.9%, or 4999/7947, are in agreement. They concluded, "Thus in nearly two-thirds of the New Testament text, the seven editions of the Greek New Testament which we have reviewed are in complete accord, with no differences other than in orthographical details (e.g., the spelling of names). Verses in which any one of the seven editions differs by a single word are not counted. ... In the Gospels, Acts, and Revelation the agreement is less, while in the letters it is much greater" Per Aland and Aland, the total consistency achieved in the Gospel of Matthew was 60% (642 verses out of 1071), the total consistency achieved in the Gospel of Mark was 45% (306 verses out of 678), the total consistency achieved in the Gospel of Luke was 57% (658 verses out of 1151), and the total consistency achieved in the Gospel of John was 52% (450 verses out of 869). Almost all of these variants are minor, and most of them are spelling or grammatical errors. Almost all can be explained by some type of unintentional scribal mistake, such as poor eyesight. Very few variants are contested among scholars, and few or none of the contested variants carry any theological significance. Modern biblical translations reflect this scholarly consensus where the variants exist, while the disputed variants are typically noted as such in the translations.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Taiwania cryptomerioides
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Kritik tekstual dan interpolasi
A quantitative study on the stability of the New Testament compared early manuscripts to later manuscripts, up to the Middle Ages, with the Byzantine manuscripts, and concluded that the text had more than 90% stability over this time period. It has been estimated that only 0.1% to 0.2% of the New Testament variants impact the meaning of the texts in any significant fashion.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Pohon cendana Formosa - Calocedrus formosana
Michelia compressa
Diospyros discolor
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Internal consistency
Authors such as Raymond Brown point out that the Gospels contradict each other in various important respects and on various important details. W. D. Davies and E. P. Sanders state that: "on many points, especially about Jesus’ early life, the evangelists were ignorant … they simply did not know and, guided by rumour, hope or supposition, did the best they could".
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Taiwan shan
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Nativity accounts
Only Luke and Matthew have nativity narratives. Modern scholars consider both to be non-historical, arguing that there are contradictions between them. On the other hand, biblical scholar Mark D. Roberts aims to establish a harmonised account of the birth of Jesus, maintaining that any contradictions can be reconciled. Many biblical scholars view the discussion of historicity as secondary, given that gospels were primarily written as theological documents rather than historical accounts. The nativity narratives found in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke  give a genealogy of Jesus, but the names, and even the number of generations, differ between the two. Some authors have suggested that the differences are the result of two different lineages, Matthew's from King David's son, Solomon, to Jacob, father of Joseph, and Luke's from King David's other son, Nathan, to Heli, father of Mary and father-in-law of Joseph. However, Geza Vermes argues that Luke makes no mention of Mary, and questions what purpose a maternal genealogy would serve in a Jewish setting. Ferrar Fenton, who translated the whole of the Bible into one of the first versions in modern English, omitted the genealogy of Luke, placing it instead as a note at the end of his translation. The reasons that he gave were that Luke's genealogy was inconsistent with Old Testament genealogies and also that the gospel reads more smoothly with this genealogy removed. Fenton thought that it was a gloss that had been added to the original gospel.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Yushan Juniper
Sinopanax formosanus
Inka Christie
Rinni Chries Hartono, yang lebih dikenal dengan Inka Christie adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi rock Indonesia. Ia seangkatan artis dengan Almarhumah Nike Ardilla. Namanya terkenal di Malaysia dan Indonesia pada sekitar 90'an hingga 2000'an. Ia pernah membawa lagu ciptaan Saari Amri adalah Gambaran Cinta. Namanya terus meledak dan popular di negeri jiran serumpun.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Hayatella (Rubiaceae)
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Death of Judas
There is an obvious contradiction regarding the death of Judas Iscariot, "Luke's account of the death of Judas in Acts 1:18 [being] scarcely reconcilable with Matt 27:3-10." In, Judas returns the bribe he has been given for handing over Jesus, throwing the money into the temple before he hangs himself. The temple priests, unwilling to return the defiled money to the treasury, use it instead to buy a field known as the Potter's Field, as a plot in which to bury strangers. In, on the other hand, Judas uses the bribe money to buy the field himself, and his death is attributed to injuries from having fallen in this field. Other scholars state that the contradictory stories can be reconciled.
Inka Christie
Karier
Putri bungsu dari empat bersaudara dari pasangan S.Suhariono dan Krimiati ini dikenal sebagai lady rocker era 90-an. Nama aslinya Rinni Chries Hartono, penyanyi seangkatan Nike Ardilla, Poppy Mercury, Mel Shandy dll. Ia pernah ikut mengasah vokal bersama Grup Band The Dreamer milik Dadi Suryadi di Jalan Ciroyom 49 Kota Bandung karena rumah orang tuanya waktu itu tinggal di Jalan Rajawali Bandung, tidak jauh dari basecamp The Dreamer. Saat ikut latihan bersama The Dreamer ia sering diantar oleh ibunya atau oleh kakaknya Haris.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Kudoacanthus (Acanthaceae)
Symphony (album)
Symphony adalah album dari penyanyi soprano, Sarah Brightman. Album ini dirilis pada bulan Januari 2008.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Haraella (Orchidaceae)
Inka Christie
Karier
Saat bersama The Dreamer, beberapa kali ikut mengisi acara bersama Tetty Kadi karena pada saat itu rumahnya Tetty Kadi di Jalan Sumbawa 27 menjadi tempat ngumpulnya penyanyi dan musisi. Bagi penyanyi di Kota Bandung saat itu, Sumbawa 27 menjadi base camp-nya penyanyi dan musisi Kota Bandung. Karena di tempat penyanyi senior ini sering dapat kontrak untuk mengisi acara-acara di TVRI pusat, maupun mengadakan road show ke daerah-daerah. Waktu itu yang menjadi band pengiringnyaThe Xavarian milik Oeh Suryadi, dan grup yang sering dibawa antara lain Staccato-nya Aa Bachtiar/Acep Bachtiar dan The Dreamer beberapa kali diajak manggung bersama tim besarnya Tetty Kadi.
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
External sources
In addition to the internal and textual reliability of the gospels, external sources can also be used to assess historical reliability. There are passages relevant to Christianity in the works of four major non-Christian writers of the late 1st and early 2nd centuries – Josephus, Tacitus, Suetonius, and Pliny the Younger. Of the four, Josephus' writings, which document John the Baptist, James the Just, and Jesus, are of the most interest to scholars dealing with the historicity of Jesus. Tacitus, in his Annals written c. 115, mentions Christus, without many historical details (see also: Tacitus on Jesus). There is an obscure reference to a Jewish leader called "Chrestus" in Suetonius. (According to Suetonius, chapter 25, there occurred in Rome, during the reign of emperor Claudius (c. AD 50), "persistent disturbances ... at the instigation of Chrestus". Mention in Acts of "After this, Paul left Athens and went to Corinth. There he met a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to leave Rome." Additionally, many New Testament passages misquote texts from the Hebrew Tanakh.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Salvia divinorum
Inka Christie
Karier
Tidak lama setelah bersama The Dreamer ikut mengisi acara-acara Tetty Kadi, melalui manajer The Dreamer saat itu Aep S Abdullah, Inka diminta hadir oleh Tetty Kadi ke Jalan Sumbawa 27 untuk test vokal. Tetty Kadi rupanya tertarik oleh vokal gadis yang masih duduk di SMA YWKA waktu itu, sehingga menawarkan ke saudaranya A. Riyanto yang waktu itu menjadi bos di Musica Studio, untuk masuk dapur rekaman. Dan, melalui perusahaan inilah nama Inka Chriesti melejit setelah duetnya bersama Amy Search.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Salvia arisanensis Hayata
Reynolds Beal
Reynolds Beal adalah seorang seniman Impresionis dan Modernis Amerika.
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Preserved by the church
Paul the Apostle, a 1st-century Pharisaic Jew who experienced a conversion to faith in Jesus, dictated letters to various churches and individuals from c. 48–68. Though there are debates on Paul's authorship for some of these epistles, almost all scholars agree that Paul wrote the central corpus of these letters (such as the Epistle to the Romans and 1 Corinthians). Jerome Murphy-O'Connor believes that the historical Jesus is fundamental to the teachings of Paul, who rejected the separation of the Jesus of faith from the Jesus of history. While not personally an eyewitness of Jesus' ministry, Paul states that he was acquainted with people who had known Jesus: the apostle Peter, the apostle John, and James, described as the brother of Jesus (Galatians 1:19). Likewise, Paul alludes to Jesus' humanity and divinity, the Last Supper, his crucifixion, and reports of his resurrection.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
''Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr''
Salvia hayatana Makino ex Hayata
Salvia japonica
Salvia nipponica
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Preserved by the church
The authors whose works are contained in the New Testament sometimes quote from creeds, or confessions of faith, that obviously predate their writings. Scholars believe that some of these creeds date to within a few years of Jesus' death, and developed within the Christian community in Jerusalem. Though embedded within the texts of the New Testament, these creeds are a distinct source for Early Christianity. 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 reads: "For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures." This contains a Christian creed of pre-Pauline origin. The antiquity of the creed has been located by many Biblical scholars to less than a decade after Jesus' death, originating from the Jerusalem apostolic community. Concerning this creed, Campenhausen wrote, "This account meets all the demands of historical reliability that could possibly be made of such a text," whilst A. M. Hunter said, "The passage therefore preserves uniquely early and verifiable testimony. It meets every reasonable demand of historical reliability." Other relevant creeds which predate the texts wherein they are found that have been identified are 1 John 4:2: "This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God",  "Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, this is my Gospel", Romans|1:3-4: "regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, and who through the spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.", and 1 Timothy 3:16: "He appeared in a body, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was preached among the nations, was believed on in the world, was taken up in glory," an early creedal hymn.
Julius Africanus, writing c. 221, while writing about the crucifixion of Jesus, refers to the historian Thallus. He wrote, "This darkness Thallus, in his third book of History, calls (as appears to me without reason) an eclipse of the sun." It is not known when Thallus lived, or whether his History made any reference to the crucifixion. Lucian, a 2nd-century Roman satirist, wrote, "the Christians, you know, worship a man to this day — the distinguished personage who introduced their novel rites, and was crucified on that account… You see, these misguided creatures start with the general conviction that they are immortal for all time, which explains the contempt of death and voluntary self-devotion which are so common among them; and then it was impressed on them by their original lawgiver that they are all brothers, from the moment that they are converted, and deny the gods of Greece, and worship the crucified sage, and live after his laws." Celsus wrote, about 180, a book against the Christians, which is now only known through Origen's refutation of it. Celsus apparently accused Jesus of being a magician and a sorcerer and is quoted as saying that Jesus was a "mere man". F. F. Bruce noted that Celsus, in seeking to discredit Jesus, sought to explain his miracles rather than claim they never occurred.
The church historian Eusebius of Caesarea (264 – 340) cited a statement of the 2nd-century pagan chronicler Phlegon of Tralles that during the fourth year of the 202nd Olympiad (AD 32/33) "a great eclipse of the sun occurred at the sixth hour that excelled every other before it, turning the day into such darkness of night that the stars could be seen in heaven, and the earth moved in Bithynia, toppling many buildings in the city of Nicaea". In the same passage, Eusebius cited another unnamed Greek source also recording earthquakes in the same locations and an eclipse. Eusebius argued the two records had documented events that were simultaneous with the crucifixion of Jesus. Tertullian, in his Apologetics, tells the story of the darkness that had commenced at noon during the crucifixion; those who were unaware of the prediction, he says, "no doubt thought it an eclipse". Though he does not mention the claims of others, he suggests to the church's critics that the evidence is still available: "You yourselves have the account of the world-portent still in your archives." The early historian and theologian, Rufinus of Aquileia wrote of the apologetic defense given by Lucian of Antioch, around 300 AD. Lucian, like Tertullian, was also convinced that an account of the darkness that accompanied the crucifixion could be found among Roman records. Ussher recorded Lucian's words on the matter, presumably also to church critics, as “Search your writings and you shall find that, in Pilate’s time, when Christ suffered, the sun was suddenly withdrawn and a darkness followed.”
Symphony (album)
Daftar lagu
(Carsten Heusmann, Frank Peterson) – 1:20 (Sarah Brightman, M. Himmelsbach, K. Hirschburger, Matthias Meissner, Peterson, Thomas Schwarz) – 4:10 (G.Black, Brightman, Stefanie Kloß, Andreas Nowak, Johannes Stolle, Thomas Stolle) – 4:47 (Francesco Sartori, Lucio Quarantotto) – 3:59 (Andrew Claxton, Lisa Gerrard) – 3:50 (Espen Lind, Magnus Rostandmo, Amund Bjorklund) – 4:31 (Brightman, Hirschburger, Peterson, Michael Soltau) – 3:22 (Diane Warren, Michelangelo LaBionda) – 3:56 (Brightman, P. Cordel, LaBionda) – 4:03 (Heusmann, Hirschburger, Peterson) – 4:17 (C. Ferrau, P. Mascagni) – 4:26 (Avendaño Lührs Jorge) – 5:14 (Brightman, Hirschburger, Peterson) – 6:09
Points of Authority
"Points of Authority" adalah sebuah lagu oleh grup musik rok Amerika Linkin Park. Ini adalah lagu keempat di album studio pertama mereka, Hybrid Theory. Syair Mike Shinoda awalnya memiliki lirik yang berbeda, dan bagian Chester Bennington menjadi tidak berbeda dengan versi Hybrid Theory. Lagu ini dirilis pada tahun 2001 sebagai rilis promo. Sebuah CD single untuk lagu tersebut akan dirilis di Inggris pada bulan September 2001, tetapi sebagai gantinya, "Papercut" dirilis sebagai single ketiga dari album tersebut. Itu kemudian direncanakan sebagai single resmi kelima dari album, direncanakan untuk rilis Januari 2002 tetapi dibatalkan karena alasan yang tidak diketahui. Sebagai gantinya, versi remix lagu tersebut dirilis.
Daftar spesies endemik Taiwan
Flora endemik Taiwan
Wuwei camellia - Pyrenaria buisanensis
Inka Christie
Karier
Ia tak hanya dikenal di Indonesia tetapi juga di negeri jiran Malaysia. Ia mulai populer di setelah mengeluarkan single Cinta Kita bersama Amy Search pada tahun 1991 dan album Gambaran Cinta pada tahun 1992.
Reynolds Beal
Awal kehidupan dan karier
Kakak dari pelukis Gifford Beal, Reynolds lahir di New York City. Dia dan saudaranya Gifford menghabiskan musim panas mereka di Willellyn di Newburgh, New York, di Sungai Hudson, dan bersama-sama mereka kemudian mendesain taman di Willellyn. Ayahnya adalah William Reynolds Beal, yang saudaranya Thaddeus memiliki Echo Lawn, tidak jauh. Beal adalah orang yang mandiri, dan dengan demikian dapat mengabdikan hidupnya untuk seninya tanpa harus selalu menarik selera pelanggannya atau tren kontemporer.
Inka Christie
Karier
Pada tahun 2007, Inka membentuk grup band Q-ta beraliran pop bersama Reza (gitar), Ngguh (bass), Lala (keyboard) dan Hadle (drum). Album pertamanya ialah Mencari Cinta dirilis pada tahun 2008.
Reynolds Beal
Awal kehidupan dan karier
Beal menunjukkan kemampuan artistik sejak usia dini, tetapi untuk sementara menunda minat kreatifnya untuk mendaftar di universitas. Dia pertama kali belajar di Universitas Cornell (arsitektur angkatan laut), di mana dia menjadi anggota persaudaraan Phi Kappa Psi dan Irving Literary Society. Beal dicat dan dibuat sketsa di dalam dan sekitar Danau Cayuga. Tempat tinggalnya di East River adalah subjek pertama dari karyanya; di teluk drafting Sibley Hall ia belajar teknik lebih lanjut sebagai arsitek angkatan laut pemula. Meskipun "waktu Sibley" merupakan pengalaman artistik pertamanya, baru pada tahun-tahun setelah kelulusannya Beal menjadi serius dengan karier melukis.
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Kelahiran dan masa kecil
Meski namanya dinisbatkan pada nama kecamatan Tanggul, Jember, Jawa Timur, ia sebenarnya dilahirkan di desa Wadi 'Amd, Hadramaut, Yaman pada 17 Jumadil awal 1313 Hijriah atau bertepatan dengan tahun 1895 Masehi. Ayahnya juga merupakan seorang ulama Wadi 'Amd bernama Muhsin bin Ahmad al-Hamid, yang juga dikenal masyarakat sekitar dengan julukan al-Bakri al-Hamid, sedangkan ibunya adalah Aisyah dari keluarga al-'Abud Ba 'Umar dari kalangan klan masyaikh/non-habaib al-'Amudi.
Jayaputra, Sariwangi, Tasikmalaya
Jayaputra adalah desa di kecamatan Sariwangi, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Hijrah ke Indonesia
Saat Habib Sholeh berusia 26 tahun atau ketika itu bertepatan dengan tahun 1921 M, ia memutuskan berhijrah ke Indonesia bersama Syekh Fadhli Sholeh Salim bin Ahmad al-Asykari. Perjalanan hijrah ini membuatnya sempat singgah di Gujarat, India, lalu berlabuh di Jakarta. Habib Sholeh sempat tinggal beberapa hari di Jakarta dan berkeliling mengunjungi para ulama sampai saudara sepupunya yang bernama Habib Muhsin bin Abdullah al-Hamid yang telah lebih dulu berhijrah meminta Habib Sholeh untuk mengunjungi kediamannya di Lumajang.
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Outside of the church
Flavius Josephus, a Jew and a Roman citizen who worked under a couple Roman emperors, wrote near the end of the 1st century. In the Testimonium Flavianum, Josephus says Jesus "was the Christ. When Pilate, upon the accusation of the first men amongst us, condemned him to be crucified, those who had formerly loved him did not cease to follow him, for he appeared to them on the third day, living again, as the divine prophets foretold, along with a myriad of other marvellous things concerning him." Concerns have been raised about the authenticity of the passage, and it is widely held by scholars that at least part of the passage has been altered by a later scribe. For example, where the version now says "he was the Christ", its original form may have been "he was thought to be the Christ." Judging from Alice Whealey's 2003 survey of the historiography, it seems that the majority of modern scholars consider that Josephus really did write something here about Jesus, but that the text that has reached us is corrupt. There has been no consensus on which portions have been altered, or to what degree. In the second, brief mention, Josephus calls James "the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ." The great majority of scholars consider this shorter reference to Jesus to be substantially authentic (although the parallel passage is missing from The Jewish War).
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Hijrah ke Indonesia
Selama di Lumajang, Habib Sholeh menggunakan waktunya untuk mempelajari bahasa dan budaya masyarakat setempat khususnya dalam berbahasa Jawa, Habib Sholeh juga kemudian menikah dengan warga Tempeh, Lumajang dan membangun rumah di sana. Habib Sholeh berdakwah keliling dari desa ke desa di Lumajang sampai 12 tahun lamanya sebelum akhirnya memutuskan pindah ke Tanggul.
Tidak ada yang mengetahui alasan pasti mengapa Habib Sholeh sampai membawa seluruh keluarganya pindah ke Tanggul, Jember, namun keluarganya meyakini bahwa keputusannya berasal dari petunjuk Allah. Sebelum akhirnya menjadi pendakwah di daerah baru tersebut, Habib Sholeh terlebih dahulu melaksanakan  'uzlah/khalwat atau aktivitas menyepi/mengurung diri dengan beribadah sampai lebih dari 3 tahun lamanya.
Adalah Habib Abu Bakar bin Muhammad as-Segaf, seorang ulama terkemuka yang berdomisili di Gresik yang kemudian memerintahkan Habib Sholeh untuk mengakhiri masa khalwat dan memintanya datang ke Gresik. Sesampainya di Gresik, Habib Abu Bakar memberikan Habib Sholeh mandat dan ijazah dengan memakaikan jubah imamah dan sorban hijau sebagai penanda status kewalian quthb yang diembannya, sekaligus meminta Habib Sholeh untuk segera menunaikan ibadah haji.
Sepulangnya dari berhaji, Habib Sholeh memulai aktivitas dakwahnya dengan mendirikan musala di kediamannya. Aktivitas pengajian juga mulai dilakukan biasanya selepas Ashar, mengkaji kitab khususnya kitab An-Nashaihud Dinniyah karya ulama Hadramaut Abdullah bin Alawi al-Haddad yang ia sampaikan dalam bahasa masyarakat sekitar yakni bahasa Madura. Habib Sholeh juga menghidupkan musala dengan pembacaan dzkiri dan wirid yang biasa diajarkan oleh kalangan ulama Hadramaut tempatnya berasal. Selain berdakwah, Habib Sholeh juga dikenal sebagai pedagang kain dan pakaian.
Points of Authority
Remix lagu "Pts.OF.Athrty" dirilis sebagai satu-satunya single yang diambil dari album remix Reanimation (2002) sementara remix lainnya, oleh The Crystal Method, dirilis di LP Underground 2.0. Lagu tersebut merupakan salah satu dari tujuh lagu Linkin Park yang muncul dalam mash-up EP Collision Course dengan rapper Amerika Jay-Z. Jika paket Linkin Park diunduh di DJ Hero 2, maka pemain (sebagai DJ) dapat bermain dengan versi "Pts.OF.Athrty" yang tergores. Lagu ini digunakan dalam film Adam Sandler tahun 2000 Little Nicky.
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Hijrah ke Indonesia
Beberapa tahun kemudian, Habib Sholeh mendapat hadiah sebidang tanah dari seorang pengusaha setempat bernama Haji Abdur Rasyid. Di atas tanah tersebut Habib Sholeh kemudian membangun masjid yang diberi nama Masjid Riyadus Shalihin dan kemudian mewakafkannya, letaknya tepat berada di sebelah selatan Stasiun Tanggul. Dakwah dan kegiatan keagamaan pun kian hidup setelah masjid ini berdiri.
Wafat
Habib Sholeh wafat pada 8 Syawal 1396 H atau bertepatan pada tahun 1976 M, ada pula sumber lainnya yang mengatakan pada tanggal 9 Syawal 1396 dalam usia 83 tahun /81 tahun/86 tahun. Ia dikebumikan keesokan harinya setelah sholat Dzuhur di kompleks Masjid Riyadhus Sholihin Tanggul, Jember. Hingga kini, haul atau peringatan kewafatannya rutin diselenggarakan setiap tahun pada 10 Syawal dan selalu mendatangkan ribuan peziarah dari berbagai daerah khususnya Jember dan sekitarnya, segala bentuk aktivitas dakwah dan pengajian kini juga diteruskan oleh anak cucu keturunannya.
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Outside of the church
In about 112, the Roman governor of Bithynia et Pontus, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (better known as Pliny the Younger), wrote to Emperor Trajan, regarding Christians who were refusing to worship the emperor. His letters show the Christians in his day to be very strongly devoted, and enough of a problem for him to request advice from the emperor.
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Nasab
Ia adalah keturunan ketiga puluh sembilan dari Rasulullah, nasab lengkapnya adalah: Sholeh bin Muhsin bin Ahmad bin Abubakar bin Abdullah bin Sholeh bin Abdullah bin Salim bin Umar bin Hamid bin asy-Syekh Abibakar bin Salim bin Abdullah bin Abdurrahman bin Abdullah bin Abdurrahman Assegaf bin Muhammad Mauladdawilah bin Ali bin Alwi Al-Ghayur bin Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam bin Ali bin Muhammad Shahib Mirbath bin Ali Khali' Qasim bin Alwi bin Muhammad bin Alwi bin Ubaidillah bin Ahmad al-Muhajir bin Isa Ar-Rumiy bin Muhammad Annaqib bin Ali Al-Uraidhiy bin Ja'far ash-Shadiq bin Muhammad al-Baqir bin Ali Zainal Abidin bin Hussein dari Fatimah az-Zahra Putri Rasulullah.
Points of Authority
Info langsung
Antara 2007 dan 2009, itu dilakukan di awal dan akhir dengan rap intro/outro dari lagu lain; misalnya, "Petrified" dan "Dolla" oleh Fort Minor; "It's Goin' Down" oleh The X-Ecutioners; dan "Membaca Mataku", "Tegangan Tinggi" dan "Dedicated" oleh Linkin Park. Salah satu contoh muncul di DVD grup Road to Revolution: Live at Milton Keynes, saat Shinoda membawakan "Petrified" di awal, dan "There They Go" di akhir.
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Kisah Spiritual
Habib Sholeh terkenal dekat dengan pesohor hingga politikus negara, salah satunya mantan Wakil Presiden Adam Malik yang banyak diceritakan. Saat gejolak Partai Komunis Indonesia, Adam Malik masih bekerja di Lembaga Kantor Berita Nasional Antara, ia kerap mendapat ancaman pembunuhan yang dicurigai datang Menteri Luar Negeri saat itu Soebandrio hingga membuatnya meminta perlindungan ke Habib Ali Kwitang, atas rekomendasi Habib Ali, ia lalu pergi mengungsi ke kediaman Habib Sholeh di Tanggul, Jember.
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Outside of the church
Tacitus, writing c. 116, included in his Annals a mention of Christianity and "Christus", viewed by most scholars as a reference to Jesus. In describing Nero's persecution of this group following the Great Fire of Rome c. 64, he wrote, "Nero fastened the guilt of starting the blaze and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome." There have been suggestions that this was a Christian interpolation but most scholars conclude that the passage was written by Tacitus. R. E. Van Voorst noted the improbability that later Christians would have interpolated "such disparaging remarks about Christianity". Suetonius (c. 69–140) wrote in his Lives of the Twelve Caesars about riots which broke out in the Jewish community in Rome under the emperor Claudius. He said, "As the Jews were making constant disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus, he [ Claudius ] expelled them [the Jews] from Rome". The event was noted in Acts. The term Chrestus also appears in some later texts applied to Jesus, and Robert Graves, among others, consider it a variant spelling of Christ, or at least a reasonable spelling error.
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Kisah Spiritual
Hanya sempat menginap semalam, Habib Sholeh menyuruh Adam Malik kembali ke Jakarta dan berpesan untuk tidak takut, berharap perlindungan Allah, dan mengatakan kelak Adam Malik akan mengambil jabatan itu. Pasca-Gerakan 30 September, pesan Habib Sholeh menjadi kenyataan setelah Adam Malik mengambil posisi menteri luar negeri pada 1966.
Points of Authority
Video musik
Video musiknya disutradarai oleh Nathan "Karma" Cox, dan dirilis untuk mempromosikan DVD Frat Party at the Pankake Festival. Ini menunjukkan presentasi langsung oleh Linkin Park selama tur mereka pada tahun 2001.
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Kisah Spiritual
Hal serupa pernah terjadi pula pada Alwi Shihab. Saat itu Alwi Shihab menemui Habib Sholeh untuk meminta doa restu dan mencurahkan kesulitannya untuk dapat berkuliah di luar negeri yakni terkait dokumen dan visa. Habib Sholeh kemudian memerintahkan Alwi Shihab untuk mandi di kedua sumur dekat kediamannya dan memerintahkannya menemui Adam Malik yang saat itu menjabat sebagai menteri luar negeri.
Points of Authority
Video musik
Sebuah video alternatif juga dirilis sebagai konten tersembunyi di DVD Frat Party di Festival Pankake. Itu mirip dengan rilis versi langsung dari "Crawling," yang direkam di Festival Naga di San Bernardino, California pada 3 Februari 2001.
Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid Tanggul
Kisah Spiritual
Mendengar hal tersebut Alwi sempat ragu karena sebagai rakyat biasa ia akan merasa kesulitan menemui seorang menteri, Habib Sholeh membekalinya dengan sebuah surat dan berpesan untuk tidak perlu takut kepada Adam Malik karena kelak ia akan mengambil posisi tersebut. Beberapa puluh tahun kemudian pesan itu menjadi kenyataan setelah Alwi Shihab menjadi menteri luar negeri di era Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid.
Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil
Outside of the church
The Talmud, a series of religious documents redacted by Jewish scholars between 200 and 500 CE, refer to persons named "Jesus" using the term "Yeshu." These references of Jesus in the Talmud probably date back to the 2nd century. One important reference relates the trial and execution of person named Yeshu and his disciples, saying "On the eve of Passover they hung Yeshu and the crier went forth for forty days beforehand declaring that "[Yeshu] is going to be stoned for practicing witchcraft, for enticing and leading Israel astray....But no one had anything exonerating for him and they hung him on the eve of Passover". These early possible references to Jesus have little historical information independent from the gospels, but they can be interpreted to reflect a historical picture of Jesus as a man who had disciples and was brought to death as a criminal during Passover. F. F. Bruce noted that, in attempting to discredit Jesus, the passage sought to explain his miracles rather than claim they never occurred. Around the time these passages were being written, Mara (a Syrian Stoic) was imprisoned by the Romans and wrote a letter to his son. In it he said, "For what benefit did...the Jews by the murder of their Wise King, seeing that from that very time their kingdom was driven away from them? For with justice did God grant a recompense...and the Jews, brought to desolation and expelled from their kingdom, are driven away into every land." CCEL Some scholars believe this describes the fall of Jerusalem as the gods' punishment for the Jews having killed Jesus. The Dead Sea scrolls are 1st century or older writings that show the language and customs of some Jews of Jesus' time. According to Henry Chadwick, similar uses of languages and viewpoints recorded in the New Testament and the Dead Sea scrolls are valuable in showing that the New Testament portrays the 1st century period that it reports and is not a product of a later period.
Points of Authority
Video musik
Pada Juli 2022, lagu tersebut telah ditonton 34 juta kali di YouTube.