cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Gagal ginjal akut
Evaluasi
Hal-hal berikut dapat termasuk analisis sedimen urine, USG ginjal dan/atau biopsi ginjal. Indikasi untuk biopsi ginjal dalam GGA meliputi:
Dalam pencitraan medis, perubahan akut pada ginjal sering diperiksa dengan ultrasonografi ginjal sebagai modalitas lini pertama, yang mana CT scan dan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) digunakan untuk pemeriksaan lanjutan dan ketika ultrasonografi gagal menunjukkan kelainan. Dalam evaluasi perubahan akut pada ginjal, diamati ekogenisitas struktur ginjal, penggambaran ginjal, vaskularisasi ginjal, ukuran ginjal dan kelainan fokus. CT lebih disukai pada trauma ginjal, tetapi ultrasonografi digunakan untuk tindak lanjut, terutama pada pasien yang diduga untuk pembentukan urinoma. CT scan perut juga akan menunjukkan distensi kandung kemih atau hidronefrosis. Namun, pada GGA, penggunaan kontras IV dikontraindikasikan karena agen kontras bersifat nefrotoksik.
Pengobatan
Manajemen GGA bergantung pada identifikasi dan pengobatan penyebab yang mendasarinya. Tujuan utama penatalaksanaan awal adalah untuk mencegah kolapsnya kardiovaskular dan kematian serta meminta nasihat spesialis dari ahli nefrologi. Selain pengobatan kelainan yang mendasarinya, penatalaksanaan GGA secara rutin mencakup penghindaran zat-zat yang beracun bagi ginjal, yang disebut nefrotoksin. Agen-agen tersebut termasuk NSAID seperti ibuprofen atau naproxen, kontras iodinasi seperti yang digunakan untuk CT scan, banyak antibiotik seperti gentamisin, dan berbagai zat lain.
Pemantauan fungsi ginjal, secara rutin dilakukan dengan pengukuran kreatinin serum serial dan pemantauan output urine. Di rumah sakit, pemasangan kateter urine membantu memantau keluaran urine dan mengurangi kemungkinan sumbatan saluran kemih, seperti dengan pembesaran prostat.
Prerenal
Jika tekanan darah rendah tetap ada, meskipun memberi seseorang cairan intravena dalam jumlah yang cukup, dapat diberikan obat yang meningkatkan tekanan darah (vasopresor) untuk meningkatkan aliran darah ke ginjal seperti norepinefrin. Pada keadaan tertentu, dapat juga diberikan obat yang meningkatkan kemampuan jantung untuk memompa (dikenal sebagai inotrop) seperti dobutamin. Vasopressor diketahui bermanfaat, tetapi tidak ada bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa dopamin memiliki manfaat spesifik dan dapat berbahaya.
Intrinsik
Banyak penyebab GGA intrinsik membutuhkan terapi khusus. Sebagai contoh, GGA intrinsik karena vaskulitis atau glomerulonefritis dapat berespons terhadap pengobatan steroid, siklofosfamid, dan (dalam beberapa kasus) pertukaran plasma. GGA prerenal karena toksin, sering merespons penghentian agen penyebab, seperti inhibitor ACE, antagonis ARB, aminoglikosida, penisilin, NSAID, atau parasetamol.
Penggunaan diuretik seperti furosemid, digunakan secara luas dan berhasil dalam meningkatkan kelebihan cairan. Pemberian ini tidak terkait dengan kematian yang lebih tinggi (risiko kematian), atau dengan penurunan mortalitas atau lamanya unit perawatan intensif atau perawatan di rumah sakit.
Postrenal
Jika penyebabnya adalah obstruksi saluran kemih, peredaan obstruksi (dengan nefrostomi atau kateter urine) mungkin diperlukan.
Terapi penggantian ginjal
Terapi penggantian ginjal, seperti dengan hemodialisis, dapat dimulai dalam beberapa kasus GGA. Terapi penggantian ginjal dapat diterapkan secara intermiten (IRRT) dan terus menerus (CRRT). Hasil penelitian mengenai perbedaan hasil antara IRRT dan CRRT tidak konsisten. Tinjauan sistematis literatur pada tahun 2008 menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan hasil antara penggunaan hemodialisis intermiten dan hemofiltrasi venovenous kontinyu (CVVH) (sejenis hemodialisis kontinu). Di antara pasien yang sakit kritis, terapi penggantian ginjal intensif dengan CVVH tampaknya tidak meningkatkan luaran dibandingkan dengan hemodialisis intermiten kurang intensif. Namun, penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan dengan IRRT, inisiasi CRRT dikaitkan dengan kemungkinan dialisis kronis yang lebih rendah.
Robert Cooper Grier
Robert Cooper Grier adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 10 Agustus 1846. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 31 Januari 1870.
Bekhudi
Bekhudi adalah sebuah film Bollywood tahun 1992. Film tersebut dibintangi oleh Kajol, Kamal Sadanah, Ajay Mankotia, Tanuja, Vijayendra Ghatge dan Kulbhushan Kharbanda. Film tersebut menandai debut Kajol.
Stasiun Koide
Jalur
Stasiun Koide dilayani oleh Jalur Jōetsu, dan berjarak 132.2 kilometer dari terminus jalur tersebut di Takasaki. Stasiun tersebut adalah terminus Jalur Tadami dan berjarak 135.2 kilometer dari terminus berlawanan jalur tersebut di Aizu-Wakamatsu.
Program Pengembangan Misil Berpadu Terintegrasi
Program Pengembangan Misi Berpadu Terintegrasi adalah sebuah program Kementerian Pertahanan India untuk riset dan pengembangan rangkaian komprehensif misil. Program tersebut diurus oleh Organisasi Riset dan Pengembangan Pertahanan dan Badan Pabrik Biasa dalam kemitraan dengan organisasi politik pemerintah India lainnya.
Dean Winchester
Dean Winchester adalah tokoh fiktif dan salah seorang dari dua pemain protagonis utama Supernatural di CW, diperankan oleh Jensen Ackles. Dia berburu iblis, roh dan makhluk supranatural lain bersama adiknya, Sam. <!-- Despite being the oldest, and the first to join his father as a hunter, Dean often seems to see hunting as an adventure rather than a responsibility, and presents a frat boy persona in stark contrast to his serious, studious younger brother Sam. His devil-may-care attitude applies equally to romance, his taste in classic rock, fast cars, and even food, especially cheeseburgers. Dean is terrified of flying, and claims that is the reason why he drives everywhere - in their Dad's classic 1967 Chevy Impala.
Background
Dean was born on January 24, 1979 to John and Mary Winchester in Lawrence, Kansas. He is the couples first child, four years older than his younger brother Sam. He is named after his maternal grandmother, Deanna Campbell. When he was only four years old on November 2, 1983, his mother Mary was killed in Sam's nursery by the demon Azazel. Infant Sam is saved by the ensuing fire when his father takes him out of his crib and gives him to four year old Dean, who then carries him outside while their father unsuccessfully tries to rescue their mother. After that night Dean felt responsible for Sam, and was always given the job to take care of him while they were growing up. Dean's father John raised him and Sam as Hunters of the supernatural. During Dean's childhood John would be away "hunting" a week or two at a time, so Dean had to partly raise Sam.
Season 1
As the season begins, Dean, at the age of 26, is a hunter; he hunts and kills supernatural monsters. Usually, he is with his father John, but sometimes goes by himself. When his father goes missing, Dean asks for Sam's help to find him. They go in search of their father, saving people from the supernatural along the way, but at the end of the first episode, Sam's girlfriend Jessica Moore dies the same way as their mother did.
In the episode "Skin," Dean and Sam battle a shapeshifter responsible for a string of brutal murders in St. Louis, Missouri. During the course of the episode, the shapeshifter assumes Dean's form, causing police to believe that Dean is responsible for the murders. However, Dean kills the shapeshifter while it is still in his form; the authorities officially declare him dead and pin the murders on him.
Season 2
All three of the Winchesters survive the wreck, although Dean is more severely injured than his father or brother. In the season premiere "In My Time of Dying," Dean is in a coma. A reaper named Tessa tries to convince him to move on and accept his death as it is his time to die and warns him that, if he refuses, he will most likely become one of the vengeful spirits he and his family have so often fought. In order to save him, John makes a deal with Azazel, trading his life for Dean's. When Dean wakes from his coma, virtually injury-free, he has no memory of his time with Tessa; he does, however, comment later that, when he woke up, it felt wrong. When John asks Sam to get him quote "a cup of caffeine" he whispers something in Dean's ear which the audience cannot hear, then handing the gun to Azazel. Azazel sends him to hell because the Colt wasn't enough--Azazel wanted John's soul as badly, if not more so, than the Colt.
During an investigation in Baltimore, Maryland in "The Usual Suspects," Dean is arrested in connection with another series of murders. It is revealed that Dean has a rather impressive police record, with charges over the years including credit card fraud, breaking and entering, and grave desecration. Although Sam and Dean are able to prove that the murders were actually committed by one of the detectives on the case, it is unclear whether or not the charges against Dean are ever officially dropped. However, since the authorities now know that Dean is not dead, as they had previously believed, he is again wanted for the murders committed by the shapeshifter. In "Nightshifter," a team of FBI agents, led by Special Agent Victor Henricksen, catches up with Dean and Sam in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where an attempted bank robbery and several more murders are added to Dean's list of supposed crimes, thanks to another shapeshifter.
At the end of "All Hell Breaks Loose, Part 1," Sam is stabbed by Jake Talley, another of Azazel's "psychic children," and dies in Dean's arms. Crushed by Sam's death, Dean summons a Crossroads demon and trades his soul for Sam's life, the bill to come due in one year. Dean wants to keep the knowledge of his deal from Sam, but Sam quickly figures it out and vows to get Dean out of the deal, no matter what. As the second season ends, Dean kills Azazel with the Colt, but not before Azazel has a Hell's gate opened, allowing hundreds of demons to escape from Hell as well as a number of non-demonic souls, including that of their father, with whom they share an emotional moment before he disappears in a glow of light. Dean and Sam must now hunt down all of the escaped demons, as well as find a way to save Dean from dying in a year's time.
Season 3
In the third season premiere "The Magnificent Seven," Dean decides to make the best of his final year, indulging in many pleasures and refusing to even think about saving himself, while Sam tries desperately to find a loophole in the Crossroads demon's deal. While searching for escaped demons to send back to Hell, Sam encounters Ruby, a mysterious blonde who assists him but who also informs him that, for some reason, demons are killing all of his mother's old acquaintances. Sam learns that Ruby is a demon, and she promises him help in freeing Dean from his contract. She "fixes" the Colt so that it can again kill "anything" and also shows them a knife in her possession that can kill anything. Later, Dean and Sam learn from Ruby that all demons used to be human, but had their humanity burned away slowly in the fires of Hell. Dean begins to train Sam to fight demons alone once he is gone.
During the course of the season, the brothers meet up with another beautiful woman, Bela Talbot, numerous times. Bela acquires magical objects and sells them for a large profit, and is unscrupulous and seemingly amoral. In "Dream a Little Dream of Me," when Bobby falls into a coma, Sam and Dean investigate the murder of a scientist. In the course of viewing Dean's dreams, it becomes clear that Dean believes that Sam was their father's favorite, but only thought of Dean as a tool. Dean encounters a future, demonic version of himself in a nightmare, which shocks him into starting to fight for his life and to realize he is not worthless. After waking up, Dean admits to Sam that he doesn't want to die. Meanwhile, Bela steals the Colt, meaning they won't have it to fight with when the hellhounds come for Dean.
In "Mystery Spot," Sam is forced to relive the same day, a Tuesday, repeatedly. On each new day, Dean dies a different way despite Sam's frantic efforts to save him. Sam realizes that the culprit is the Trickster, a villain from Season 2. It finally becomes Wednesday, but this time, Dean dies and doesn't come back. Sam spends months trying to hunt down the Trickster, who reveals that he has been trying to get Sam to understand that he and Dean can't keep making sacrifices for each other, and that Dean is going to die no matter what Sam does. The Trickster then sends Sam back to Wednesday, despite Sam failing to learn the Trickster's lesson. He is warned by Ruby that he might not make it back from hell.
In "Jus In Bello," the FBI and Agent Henricksen capture Sam and Dean, thanks to a tip from Bela. While Sam and Dean are in jail, a host of demons come to kill them. Ruby comes to help them, but is furious to learn that they have lost the Colt. She says that she knows of a spell that will destroy all the demons nearby, including herself, and that she is willing to die in order to help Sam. However, they will need the heart of a virgin. Sam and the virgin, Nancy, agree to the plan, but Dean refuses to let her die. Dean's plan to exorcise the demons works, but one demon manages to escape and tells Lilith who, taking the form of a little girl, blows the police station up, killing everyone inside. Lilith, it turns out, wants to kill Sam, as she sees him as a rival. According to Azazel's plan, Sam was supposed to lead the demon army, and Ruby was ready to follow Sam. Now, Lilith has become their main enemy.
Dean continues to search for a means to save himself from his fate, but ultimately is told by Ruby that there is no way to get him out of his deal. Shortly before Dean's contract comes due, he learns from Bela that Lilith, the demon pursuing Sam, holds his contract; Bela had also made a deal with a demon, and she has been taken to Hell. As the brothers search for Lilith with Bobby's help, Dean begins suffering nightmares and hallucinations of his hellish fate. When Lilith is located, the three head to New Harmony, Indiana, and Dean discovers that he now has the ability to see the faces of demons underneath their human hosts.
Season 4
The Winchesters track down whatever force ripped Dean from Hell. By the end of the episode, it is revealed that an angel named Castiel pulled Dean from Hell on God's command; Castiel tells Dean that God has work for him. The girl in Sam's room, it turns out, is Ruby in a new body, and Sam had lied to Dean when he told him that he didn't know where Ruby was and that he wasn't using his demonic powers. Dean, in turn, was lying to Sam about Hell; in the episode "Wishful Thinking," Dean confesses that he does remember every second of Hell.
In the next episode "Are You There, God? It's Me, Dean Winchester," in the course of fighting off ghosts, Dean is told by Castiel of Lilith's plan to break the 66 seals and free Lucifer.
In "In the Beginning," Dean is transported back in time to Lawrence, Kansas in 1973. There, he meets younger versions of his father and mother, as well as his maternal grandfather Samuel and maternal grandmother Deanna (for whom he is named), and learns of a connection between Azazel and Mary. A causal loop is revealed in that the time-traveling Dean, by trying to stop Azazel in the past and change his future, actually made the demon aware of his family in the first place, setting in motion the events leading to the death of his parents, the corruption of his brother, and the life he tried to change, therefore setting up a predestination paradox. (However, it is implied by Castiel that the events would have happened anyway without him being there as they were already destined.) Upon returning to the present, Dean is informed by Castiel that Sam is "going down a very dark road" and that, if Dean doesn't stop him, the angels will.
Dean follows Castiel's directions and witnesses Sam using his powers to exorcise a demon, also learning of Ruby's return. He conveys the warning of the angels to Sam. After he and Sam stop a rugaru in Missouri, Sam decides to stop using his powers, which seems to satisfy Dean.
In "Heaven and Hell," Dean reveals to Sam what happened to him in Hell: Time flows differently there, so four months on Earth was forty years in Hell. During that time, he was put on the rack and "cut, carved, and torn" apart until there was nothing left of him, only to be made whole again just so the demons could start over on him. Dean reveals that, at the end of every day, the demon Alastair would offer to take him off the rack if Dean would put souls on it and torture them. Dean resisted for thirty years, but eventually gave in and spent a ten years torturing people in Hell to escape being tortured himself. In "Family Remains", Dean confesses to Sam that he enjoyed torturing souls, as he finally had the chance to dish out the same pain that he'd endured for the past thirty years.
In the next episode "On the Head of a Pin," Dean is pressed into service by Castiel and Uriel, who need him to torture Alastair for information on who is killing angels, since Dean was his "student" in Hell. Dean refuses at first, but eventually agrees. However, he only succeeds in getting Alastair to reveal that Dean himself was the first seal to break, by virtue of giving in and torturing souls in Hell. ("The first seal shall be broken when a righteous man sheds blood in Hell. As he breaks, so shall it break.") The distraction is enough for Alastair to free himself, the Devil's Trap set up by Castiel having been eroded by a leaking pipe. Alastair nearly kills Dean and then comes close to sending Castiel back to Heaven, but Sam, having grown stronger in his demonic abilities, arrives and uses his powers to torture Alastair in to revealing he does not know who is killing the angels; Sam kills Alastair shortly after. Later, as Dean recovers in the hospital, Castiel informs him about Uriel's betrayal; Uriel had been killing angels who did not join his cause to free Lucifer from Hell. Castiel also confirms Alastair's claim that Dean was the first seal, but adds that, because of this, Dean is the only man capable of averting the Apocalypse. However, Dean does not believe he is up to such a task and tells Castiel to find someone else as tears run down his face.
To put Dean back on the right path, Zachariah, Castiel's superior, re-writes Dean and Sam's memories to remove their knowledge of supernatural creatures, making them believe they are average people working regular jobs, and drops them in a haunted building. After the brothers proceed to defeat the ghost behind the hauntings, Zachariah (who posed as Dean's boss) restores Dean's memories to show him that hunting is in his blood. This renews Dean's resolve.
In the episode "The Monster At The End of This Book," it is revealed that Dean is aware that Sam used his demonic powers to kill Alastair, but neither Castiel nor Dean know how Sam is getting stronger. In "The Rapture," Dean witnesses Sam drink the blood of a demon he is about to kill. Later, in the Impala, Sam tells Dean to get it over and yell at him for drinking demon blood when Sam gets a request from Bobby to head to his house. Once there, Dean and Bobby trick Sam and lock him in the demon-proof panic room for his own safety as he detoxes from the demon blood.
While Sam is going through painful withdrawal symptoms from the demon blood, Dean asks Castiel for help. He takes an oath to serve God and the angels if it would mean that Sam wouldn't have to kill Lilith, to which Castiel says "If that gives you comfort." Sam escapes the panic room after Castiel releases him, and Dean tracks him down to a hotel, despite Sam's efforts to shake him. They argue over whether or not Ruby is corrupting Sam, if Dean is supposed to stop the Apocalypse, and if Sam is turning into a monster. The argument leads to a fight that Sam wins. Dean yells at Sam by saying, "If you walk out that door, don't you ever come back" -- the same ultimatum John gave Sam when he left for college years before, resulting in Sam's four-year estrangement from his father -- after which Sam leaves the room.
In the fourth season finale "Lucifer Rising," the angels take Dean to a "safe" room, and Zachariah explains that they are preparing for the Apocalypse and will allow the final seal to be broken. They want Sam to kill Lilith; her death will break the final seal holding Lucifer, after which Dean will kill Lucifer and bring Paradise to Earth. Dean, shocked and horrified that the angels would allow the Apocalypse, asks Castiel for help; together they escape and meet the prophet Chuck Shirley to see where the final seal will be broken. As Castiel holds back the Archangels that start to descend, he sends Dean to Ilchester, Maryland to stop Sam from killing Lilith. Ruby prevents Dean from interfering and, after the final seal is broken, reveals that she has been working to free Lucifer the entire time. Dean manages to get to the two and then stabs Ruby to death with Sam's help. The season ends with a portal opening for Lucifer while Dean and Sam can only watch.
Season 5
The fifth season begins right where Season 4 ends with the portal for Lucifer opening. As Lucifer escapes, the brothers are teleported into an airplane by an unknown force (later revealed to be God). Later, Dean is told by Zachariah that he is "Michael's Sword," meaning the Archangel Michael will use his body as a vessel to lead the forces of Heaven against Lucifer, but Dean must consent to this. Dean refuses and Castiel saves him when Zachariah tries to force Dean to agree by harming him and Sam. Bobby gets possessed by a demon and, instead of killing Dean, he kills the demon inside himself, using Ruby's knife, in turn paralyzing himself from the waist down.
In "Good God, Y'All!," Dean and Sam fight War, one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, in a town where the people think that their neighbors are demons. In this town is Ellen, Jo, and Rufus Turner all trying to hunt the demons, who turn out to be just people that War has made eyes seem black. Once the brothers cut the ring finger off of War, restoring the town to normal, Dean worries that Sam cannot control his urge to drink demon blood, and the brothers agree to go their separate ways because Sam is a liability with his demon bloodlust.
In "Free to Be You and Me," Castiel finds Dean and they capture the Archangel Raphael to ask the location of God.
In the episode "Changing Channels," it is revealed to Dean and Sam by The Trickster (who reveals that he is the Archangel Gabriel) that their relationship (Dean the older brother loyal to an absent father and Sam the younger brother who is rebellious of the father's plan) mirrors the relationship between Michael and Lucifer, and has been told to the angels since the beginning to bring about Judgment Day.
In "Abandon All Hope," Sam and Dean plan to find Lucifer and kill him, with help from Castiel, Jo, Ellen and Bobby. They find out that the Colt is in the possession of a demon named Crowley, who gives the Winchesters the gun to kill Lucifer and end the Apocalypse. While looking for Lucifer in Carthage, Missouri, Castiel sees reapers all over the town and is captured by Lucifer while investigating. The hunters run into Meg, who sics a pack of hellhounds on the group; Jo is severely injured by one of the hellhounds during their escape. The group finds shelter in a hardware store where they make bombs out of rock salt and iron nails to kill the hellhounds. Jo plans on setting off the bomb since she is going to die anyway; Ellen stays with Jo and she dies in her mothers arms, Ellen then sets of the blast herself thus dying. The Winchesters then find out that Lucifer is one of five things in the universe that the Colt cannot kill when Dean tries shooting Lucifer in the head with no effect. Having lost another plan, Dean becomes more disillusioned and hopeless, and in "Dark Side of the Moon" where, after spending time in Heaven and finding out God doesn't see the battle with Lucifer to be his problem, begins to see little reason to deny his destiny as Michael's vessel, deciding to take on the role at the end of the next episode "99 Problems". Before doing so, though, he visits former girlfriend Lisa Braeden (Season 3 "The Kids Are Alright"), confessing that when he dreams of being happy its with her and her son Ben, and promising to get them protection for what's to come.
During the series' 100th episode "Point of No Return," Dean was preparing for his possession by Michael before being discovered by Sam and Castiel, who take him to Bobby's house. They convince him to allow them some more time in order to research another method of stopping Lucifer; however, the unexpected resurrection of their half-brother Adam, planned to be Michael's vessel, forces Sam, Bobby and Castiel to keep Adam and Dean from Zachariah. When Dean escapes and tries to lure the angels, both Castiel and Sam leave to find him, allowing Adam to be taken by angels. Despite Bobby and Castiel's insistence in keeping Dean from Zachariah, Sam allows him to try to rescue Adam. With Castiel removed, along with angel guards, the brothers attempt to rescue Adam, but Sam's ambush on Zachariah fails and Zachariah causes internal damage to both Adam and Sam to coerce Dean to consent to Michael. Ultimately, he relents, but after Zachariah summons Michael, Dean taunts him into sacrificing himself in order to allow Michael in. Zachariah angrily refuses, and Dean kills him and rushes out, unfortunately leaving Adam locked in the room with the approaching Michael. As they leave, Dean admits that he would have accepted Michael, but because of Sam's faith, he decides that he will "take the fight to them."
After being trapped in "Hammer of the Gods" by a group of gods bent on using them as bargaining chips in the upcoming Apocalypse, Dean and Sam learn from Gabriel (who died at the hands of Lucifer while saving the brothers) that the cage Lucifer was sprung from was still open and, if they could get all four Horsemen's rings, they could put him back in and trap him again. He also claims that Lucifer has no knowledge that he can be trapped again. In "The Devil You Know", the demon Crowley returns and leads Dean to a confrontation with Brady, one of Sam's college friends who in fact was a demon "Handler" for Pestilence. Despite being beaten badly, Dean and Crowley trap Brady and are eventually able to get the location of Pestilence before allowing Sam to kill Brady (who had earlier revealed that he had killed Sam's former girlfriend Jessica).
In "Swan Song" (the season finale) Dean relents and agrees to let Sam say yes, citing that his brother has indeed grown up, is capable of making his own decisions, and that perhaps he himself needs to grow up a little. As Sam prepares to drink demon blood to become strong enough to take in Lucifer, he makes Dean promise that he won't attempt to come after him once he has jumped into the pit. Dean objects, but Sam insists, begging that he instead go to Lisa and try to live a normal, happy life. Dean promises he will do so, and after drinking the demon blood, the brothers go to confront Lucifer in Detroit. Despite Lucifer revealing that he did indeed know about the brothers' plan to trap him again, Sam says yes believing he can overcome him nonetheless. After taking over and briefly knocking Sam unconscious, Dean opens the portal to Lucifer's prison, and Sam wakes up and prepares to jump in. At the last moment, though, Lucifer reveals himself, claiming that "Sammy is long gone". After closing the trap, taking the rings, and briefly taunting Dean about being right (In "The End" Lucifer in Sam's body had predicted that he would take over Sam in Detroit regardless of Dean's efforts), Lucifer disappears.
As omens begin to signal the final battle, Dean calls Chuck to try and pin down the location of the final battle, which will occur in Stull Cemetery back in the brothers' hometown of Lawrence. While Castiel and Bobby seem despondent, believing the battle to be lost and further confrontation pointless, Dean vows to go to the fight between Lucifer and Michael (now possessing his half-brother Adam), claiming at the very least he "won't let his brother die alone". As Lucifer and Michael prepare to fight, Dean interrupts and drives the Impala into the graveyard. He attempts to reach out to both Sam and Adam, asking for five minutes with Sam, but is dismissed by both. Bobby and Castiel suddenly appear, and Castiel throws a molotov cocktail with holy fire at Michael, burning him out and buying Dean five minutes. It comes at a high price: an enraged Lucifer snaps his fingers, making Castiel explode for interrupting the fight. Lucifer and Dean begin to fight, with Dean taking a beating. Bobby shoots at Lucifer, but the bullets have no effect, and with a twist of his hand, Lucifer snaps Bobby's neck and kills him. He then continues beating Dean and, with Dean backed against the door of the Impala, prepares for a kill shot. However, at that moment, he catches a glimpse of a toy soldier that a young Sam had stuck in the Impala's ashtray, and the memories of his brotherhood with Dean help Sam to overpower Lucifer and take control of his body. Sam reopens the pit, and though Michael returns and attempts to stop him, Dean watches as Sam pulls Michael into the pit, which closes as they both fall in, trapping both in Hell.
Bruised and beaten, a stunned Dean sits over the spot where his brother lept to his death. A fully restored Castiel suddenly appears, claiming to have been resurrected by God. He heals Dean and also brings Bobby back from the dead. Castiel plans on returning to Heaven and bringing new order now that Michael is gone. Dean claims that he will go after God next, but Castiel claims, before disappearing, that Dean only got what he wanted in the end: no Paradise, no Hell, more of the same-freedom over peace. After an emotional goodbye with Bobby (it is said in Chuck's epilogue that the two will not see each other for some time), Dean returns to Lisa Braeden as Sam had suggested. Dean is last seen sitting down to dinner with Lisa and her son Ben. Unknown to Dean, a streetlight just outside the home goes out, and Sam is inexplicably standing beneath, watching the home with a blank look on his face.
Season 6
The sixth season picks up a year later after Dean sadly watches Sam sacrificing himself down into the pit. Keeping the promise he made to Sam, Dean gives up the life of hunting and now lives with Lisa and her son Ben. After Dean became poisoned by a Djinn, begins hallucinating his worst fears. Sam saves Dean by injecting him with an antidote and later wakes up seeing Sam alive and well. Sam reluctantly tells Dean that he has been back for nearly a year while hunting with their grandfather, Samuel. After helping kill the Djinns, Dean declines returning to the life of hunting and decides to continue living with Lisa and Ben in order to keep them safe. Lisa tells Dean to return to the life of hunting and she and Ben will be there when he gets back.
In "Live Free or Twi-Hard" Sam and Dean investigate cases of missing girls that are obsessed with vampires. They stake out a bar that eventually leads them to the cause. Dean later crosses paths with a vampire that turns him into one. Expecting to have to be "put down", he goes to visit Lisa, but almost loses control while talking to her and flees. After being cured, he realises that Sam may possibly have let him be turned; but to an unknown end.
In "You Cant Handle the Truth" Dean and Sam investigate a town in Illinois, where everyone who wishes for truth, not only receive their wish, but to the extent that everyone who has done so has become insane, and commits suicide. While initially believing that the Horn of Truth, an angelic weapon, is the culprit, Sam discovers the summoning ritual to Veritas, the pagan goddess of Truth. However, Dean unknowningly invokes her and is forced to deal with harsh truths from everybody; including Lisa, who calls about the events of last episode and ends up telling him not to ever come back. Questioning Sam, he believes he gets the truth from him about why he didn't help him from being turned, but when Veritas captures them on their raid of her property, she declares that Sam is inhuman, as no human is immune to her aura of truth. The brothers manage to dispatch her, but Dean holds Sam at knifepoint, demanding the truth. Sam admits his lack of emotion and fear, but Dean doesn't accept it and beats him unconscious. Dean learns from Castiel that Sam has no soul, also that Crowley was the one who brought Sam back from Hell. Crowley also says that the only way to get Sam's soul back is to help him find Purgatory. Dean and Sam attempt to capture Crowley to force him to give back Sam's soul. Crowley tells them that not only can't he get Sam's soul but also that Sam's soul has been tortured endlessly by Lucifer and giving Sam back his soul would leave him useless. Once learning this Castiel kills Crowley, so Dean goes to see Death to have him bring back Sam's soul. Death agrees but only if Dean can becomes Death for one day and never take off his ring. Dean fails, but Death still agrees to return Sam's soul since Dean learned about messing with the natural order.
Abilities and skills
Even though he doesn't have any special powers like his brother Sam, Dean possesses excellent combat and hunting prowess; comprehensively trained by his father from early childhood as a paranormal investigator and hunter of the supernatural, he is established throughout the series as an extremely dangerous individual, and he is more than capable of taking a stand against even the most formidable of opponents, such as demons and vampires. While temporary turned in to a vampire Dean by himself was able to kill all of the other vampires in the nest.
Dean is well-versed with multiple types of firearms; he prefers his Colt 1911 and sawed-off shotgun, but is proficient with most other weapons he might acquire. An expert marksman, he seldom misses his intended target and can efficiently put down anything vulnerable to bullets. As shown in the episode "Frontierland" where he shoots down a phoenix with one shot.
Dean is adept with martial arts and knife fighting as well; he has subdued several human assailants with ease in multiple episodes and bested physically more powerful creatures, often unarmed or equipped with only a blade. In "Nightshifter", he killed a shapeshifter armed with a simple silver letter opener. In "Fresh Blood," he managed to subdue a vampire long enough to inject her with a shot of "dead man's blood." In "The Magnificent Seven," he fought and held off several demons by himself, armed only with a flask of holy water.
Dean is also a proficient tracker and possesses prudent tactical skills and an instinctive ability to "read" behavioral characteristics and manipulate people. Highly resourceful, he frequently utilizes improvised weapons and explosive devices; in "Croatoan," he demonstrated knowledge in chemistry constructing Molotov cocktails and improvised explosive devices, and in "Phantom Traveler," he revealed knowledge of electronics and reverse engineering, having built an electromagnetic field detector from an old Walkman radio.
Dean also possesses extensive knowledge of the supernatural and mythology. He is versed with how police, fire departments and various government agencies (FBI, CDC) typically operate and conduct investigations, and knows how to both impersonate and evade them effectively. An accomplished mechanic, he maintains his Impala in tip-top condition and has maintained an intimate knowledge of automobiles and engines since childhood.
Sentimen anti-Meksiko
Sentimen anti-Meksiko adalah sebuah sikap negatif terhadap orang keturunan Meksiko, budaya Meksiko dan/atau aksen bahasa Spanyol Meksiko yang paling umum ditemukan di Amerika Serikat.
Dean Winchester
Abilities and skills
Due to his time spent in Hell as Alistair's "student," Dean has an in-depth knowledge of torture, able to inflict the maximum amount of pain and agony on a victim while keeping them alive as long as possible.
Sentimen anti-Meksiko
Pada umumnya, ini sangat berkaitan dengan peperangan Kemerdekaan Meksiko dan Amerika Serikat, dan perjuangan atas teritorial Barat Daya yang sempat dipegang Spanyol melalui pendirian bangunan misi-misi Katolik. Ini kemudian berujung pada perang antara dua negara tersebut dan kekalahan Meksiko yang mengalami kehilangan teritorial yang besar. Pada abad ke-20, sentimen anti-Meksiko makin berkembang setelah insiden Telegram Zimmermann antara pemerintah Meksiko saat Revolusi Meksiko dan Kekaisaran Jepang saat Perang Dunia I,. Kebanyakan, sentimen anti-Meksiko di AS ditimbulkan dari pengecaman atas warga Meksiko terhadap imigrasi ilegal.
Xiong Shangchen
Raja Mu dari Chu (, †614 SM) merupakan seorang raja dari negara Chu yang bertakhta pada tahun 625 hingga 614 SM selama musim semi dan musim gugur di Tiongkok kuno. Ia lahir sebagai Xiong Shangchen dan Raja Mu adalah gelar anumerta nya.
Pangeran Shangchen adalah putra Raja Cheng dari Chu dan aslinya adalah putra mahkota. Pada tahun 626 SM Raja Cheng mencoba untuk menjadikan putranya Pangeran Zhi sebagai putra mahkota yang baru. Ketika Shangchen mengetahui rencana ayahandanya, ia mengepung istana bersama para serdadu dan memaksa Raja Cheng gantung diri. Shangchen lalu naik takhta. Ia digantikan oleh putranya, Raja Zhuang dari Chu.
SDI Hidayatul Islamiyah
SDI Hidayatul Islamiyah atau nama lengkapnya Sekolah Dasar Islam Hidayatul Islamiyah merupakan sebuah Sekolah Dasar Islam Swasta yang terletak di Jl.Sapi Perah Rt.003/02 No.36, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia.
Sekolah Dasar Islam Hidayatul Islamiyah memiliki kode NPSN 20108964 dan kod NSS 640307100630. Pada 2010, SDI Hidayatul Islamiyah memiliki 145 pelajar lelaki dan 162 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid sebanyak 307 orang.2010
Dean Winchester
Weaponry
Throughout the series, Dean is shown to possess a large amount of weaponry. He tends to use a Colt 1911. In addition to which, he also uses a sawed-off shotgun on occasions where greater fire-power is required. He has also been seen with an MSG3 sniper rifle in "Simon Said."
Dean is shown to possess a large machete in "Dead Man's Blood," and has used a knife in several episodes. He is shown to possess a Desert Eagle loaded with wrought iron in the episode "Something Wicked" and tasers which he and Sam used in the start of "Faith". Throughout Season 5, he uses a Model 1887 shotgun against hellhounds and zombies. When weapons are scarce and Dean is in a dangerous situation, he uses hand-to-hand combat or whatever is available as a weapon.
References
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Pranala luar
Dean Winchester
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia atau Akademi TNI adalah integrasi dari tiga matra di Tentara Nasional Indonesia, yaitu Akademi Militer (Akmil) yang terletak di Magelang, Akademi Angkatan Laut (AAL) di Surabaya, Akademi Angkatan Udara (AAU) di Yogyakarta. Pembinaan dan pengelolaan ketiganya dilaksanakan oleh Komandan Jenderal Akademi TNI.
Markas Komando Akademi TNI berada di Cilangkap, Jakarta Timur.
Sejarah
Dibentuknya organisasi lembaga pendidikan Akabri (sekarang Akademi TNI) adalah didasarkan kepada pengalaman sejarah dimasa lalu, bahwa rivalitas antar Angkatan begitu tinggi dan persaingan yang kurang sehat karena dipengaruhi oleh suasana politik saat itu, serta timbulnya berbagai gejolak yang mengancam persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. TNI sebagai bhayangkara negara pernah merasakan betapa pahitnya menghadapi PKI pada tahun 1960an, di mana tanpa kekompakan TNI sulit untuk mengatasi gerakan Politik PKI. Oleh karena itu para pendiri TNI merasa perlu untuk menyatukan visi dan persepsi dengan mengintegrasikan Angkatan Perang dan Polri menjadi ABRI. Seiring dengan itu timbul pula pemikiran untuk memulai mengembangkan semangat integrasi dini sejak dilembaga pendidikan.
Perjanjian Karachi
Perjanjian Karachi tahun 1949 ditandatangani oleh perwakilan militer India dan Pakistan, diawasi oleh Komisi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk India dan Pakistan, membangun garis gencatan senjata di Kashmir menyusul Perang India-Pakistan 1947. Perjanjian ini membentuk garis gencatan senjata yang telah dipantau oleh pengamat Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa sejak saat itu.
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Sejarah
Dorongan untuk menyatukan lembaga pendidikan TNI ditingkat Akademi bukan hanya mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia TNI yang memiliki profesionalisme saja, tetapi juga untuk menumbuhkan rasa kebersamaan, kekompakan dan semangat integrasi. Keinginan untuk berintegrasi ini sudah dicanangkan jauh sebelumnya oleh para pendiri TNI antara lain Letnan Jenderal Gatot Soebroto yang pada saat itu menjabat sebagai Wakil Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat pada tahun 1957 yang menggagas perlunya pendidikan integrasi satu atap, namun kondisi pada waktu itu belum memungkinkan. Berdirinya Akabri pada tahun 1965 ini juga sejalan dengan upaya integrasi angkatan bersenjata negara-negara lain dalam mendidik perwiranya, seperti Jepang dengan NDA nya mendidik semua perwira AD, AL, AU pada tahun 1960 dibawah satu atap sampai sekarang. Oleh karena itu berdirinya Akabri merupakan salah satu harapan besar baik bagi TNI maupun bagi masyarakat, demi terwujudnya persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa.
Perjanjian Karachi
Latar belakang
Resolusi 47 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pada April 1948 menghasilkan pembentukan Komisi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (Komisi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk India dan Pakistan — UNCIP) untuk menengahi antara India dan Pakistan untuk menghasilkan penghentian peperangan di Kashmir serta untuk membuat pengaturan bagi suatu plebisit populer. Setelah negosiasi dengan kedua belah pihak, Komisi tersebut mengeluarkan resolusi sebanyak tiga bagian pada bulan Agustus 1948 dan kemudian menambahkan 'suplemen'. Tiga bagian tersebut berurusan dengan gencatan senjata, syarat-syarat untuk gencatan senjata, dan prosedur untuk negosiasi mengenai plebisit tersebut. Kedua negara menerima resolusi tersebut dan gencatan senjata dicapai pada 31 Desember 1948.
NGC 51
NGC 51 adalah galaksi lenticular yang terletak di konstelasi Andromeda. Memiliki diameter 90.000 tahun cahaya. galaksi ini ditemukan pada September 7, tahun 1885 oleh Lewis Swift, yang digambarkan sebagai "Sangat samar, cukup kecil, bulat, cerah tengah."
Perjanjian Karachi
Perjanjian
Perjanjian Karachi, secara resmi bernama Perjanjian Antara Perwakilan Militer India dan Pakistan Mengenai Pembentukan Garis Gencatan Senjata di Negara Bagian Jammu dan Kashmir, ditandatangani pada 27 Juli 1949, diawasi oleh Subkomite Gencatan Senjata dari UNCIP.
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Sejarah
Akabri merupakan kampus militer yang alumninya menjadi perwira pertama (Letnan Dua).
Perjanjian Karachi
Perjanjian
Para penandatangan perjanjian ini diantaranya:
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Sejarah
Sejak 1 April 2000, Akpol memisahkan diri dari Akabri. Sejak itu, Akabri berganti nama menjadi Akademi TNI yang terdiri dari tiga matra Akmil, AAL, dan AAU.
Perjanjian Karachi
Perjanjian
S. K. Sinha menyatakan bahwa Perdana Menteri Jawaharlal Nehru memberikan penjelasan kepada delegasi India sebelum pertemuan Karachi, dimana dia memberitahu mereka bahwa Resolusi PBB mengakui legalitas aksesi Kashmir ke India dan, sehingga, setiap "tanah tak bertuan" akan menjadi milik India. Delegasi Pakistan perlu memberikan bukti kepada Komisi PBB mengenai posisi faktual dari kendali mereka untuk semua wilayah yang mereka klaim. Sinha menyatakan bahwa, berdasarkan prinsip ini, perjanjian tersebut membatasi beberapa ratus mil persegi wilayah di sisi India meskipun tidak ada pasukan India di wilayah itu.
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Program Studi
Dengan terbitnya Keputusan Mendiknas Nomor 244 SD 246/D/O/2010 tanggal 29 Desember 2010 tentang izin penyelenggaraan Prodi-prodi di Akmil, AAL dan AAU, maka secara legal formal telah menempatkan Akademi TNI dan Akademi Angkatan sebagai bagian dari sistem Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional. Keputusan Mendiknas tersebut menjadi dasar hukum penyelenggaraan Prodi-prodi dan penggunaan gelar bagi Taruna Akademi Angkatan dengan gelar Sarjana Sains Terapan Pertahanan (S.S.Tr.Han). Gelar kesarjanaan Sarjana Sains Terapan Pertahanan (S.S.Tr.Han) pertama diberikan kepada lulusan Akademi TNI mulai Taruna Akademi TNI werving 2007 yang telah dilantik menjadi perwira TNI tahun 2011.akademi-tni.mil.id
Perjanjian Karachi
Perjanjian
Garis gencatan senjata sepanjang 830 kilometer yang dibentuk dalam perjanjian dimulai dari titik paling selatan di sebelah barat Sungai Chenab di Jammu. Garis ini membusur kasar ke utara dan kemudian ke timur laut ke koordinat peta NJ9842, sekitar 19 km utara sungai Shyok.
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Program Studi
Beberapa Program studi pada Akademi Angkatan sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia adalah sebagai berikut:
Perjanjian Karachi
Perjanjian
Dari titik peta NJ9842 dikatakan berjalan ke utara ke batas internasional dengan Tiongkok, pada jarak sekitar 60–65 km. Karena tidak ada pasukan di daerah gletser yang tidak terjangkau itu, tidak ada upaya untuk memperpanjang garis gencatan senjata antara NJ9842 dan perbatasan Tiongkok. Daerah ini, Gletser Siachen, akhirnya menjadi rebutan antara India dan Pakistan.
Anomali lain muncul di ujung selatan garis gencatan senjata di Jammu. Dari ujung garis gencatan senjata ke batas internasional antara Punjab India dan Pakistan, terdapat celah lebih dari 200 km, yang ditutupi oleh "batas provinsi" yang diakui antara Punjab Pakistan dan wilayah kerajaan Jammu an Kashmir. India umumnya menyebut batas ini sebagai "perbatasan internasional", sedangkan Pakistan menyebutnya sebagai "perbatasan" atau "perbatasan kerja".
Liga Nusantara 2016 Sulawesi Selatan
Liga Nusantara Sulawesi Selatan 2016 adalah edisi kedua dan terakhir dari Liga Nusantara Sulawesi Selatan yang diselenggarakan oleh Asprov PSSI Sulawesi Selatan. Juara kompetisi ini akan melaju ke putaran nasional mewakili Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan untuk menuju promosi ke Liga 2.
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Danjen Akademi TNI (Masa Ke Masa)
Saat ini, Akademi TNI di pimpin oleh seorang Komandan yang berpangkat Letnan Jenderal. Saat ini jabatan tersebut diduduki oleh Letnan Jenderal TNI Teguh Arief Indratmoko, S.E., M.M.
Komandan Jenderal AKABRI ⭐⭐
Perjanjian Karachi
Perjanjian
Anggota lain dari delegasi India adalah May. Jend. K. S. Thimayya, Brig. Sam Manekshaw, May. S. K. Sinha (yang bertindak sebagai aide-de-camp bagi Jend. Srinagesh), dan sekretaris Kementerian Pertahanan dan Kementerian Urusan Kashmir. Delegasi Pakistan termasuk May. Jend. Nazir Ahmed dan Brigjen. Sher Khan serta pegawai sipil M. Ayub dan A. A. Khan. Perwakilan militer dari kedua belah pihak bernegosiasi selama seminggu mulai 18 Juli untuk mendemarkasi posisi yang berada di bawah kendali mereka.
Peta perjanjian
Dokumen PBB nomor S/1430/Add.2 (yang merupakan addendum pada Perjanjian Karachi tahun 1949) menunjukkan Garis Gencatan Senjata (Cease Fire Line; CFL) yang ditandai pada Peta Negara Bagian Jammu dan Kashmir. Judul addendum ini berbunyi:
Srimulyo, Dampit, Malang
Srimulyo adalah sebuah desa di wilayah Kecamatan Dampit, Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur.
Akademi Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Danjen Akademi TNI (Masa Ke Masa)
Komandan Jenderal Akademi TNI ⭐⭐