cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Kamuwa da kumburi
A kasashen da suka ci gaba na Yamma, cutar papillomavirus (HPV) da cutar hanta ta B (HBV) da kuma cutar hanta ta C (HCV) su ne cutar kanjamau. A Amurka, HPV yana haifar da mafi yawan ciwon daji na mahaifa, da kuma wasu ciwon daji na farji, farji, azzakari, dubura, dubura, makogwaro, harshe da tonsils. Daga cikin kwayoyin cuta na HPV masu haɗari, HPV E6 da E7 oncoproteins suna hana ƙwayoyin kwayoyin cuta suppressor lokacin kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta. Bugu da ƙari, oncoproteins da kansa suna haifar da rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin halitta na al'ada, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin ci gaban ciwon daji. Mutanen da ke da ciwon hanta na ciwon hanta B sun fi sau 200 suna iya kamuwa da cutar kansar hanta fiye da waɗanda ba su kamu da cutar ba. Ciwon hanta, ko daga kamuwa da cutar ciwon hanta na kullum ko kuma cin zarafi na barasa, yana da alaƙa da kansa tare da ci gaban ciwon hanta, amma haɗuwa da cirrhosis da ciwon hanta na ƙwayar cuta yana nuna mafi girman hadarin ciwon hanta.
Bacteria da parasites
Wasu cututtuka na kwayoyin cuta kuma suna ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin Helicobacter pylori wanda ya haifar da ciwon ciki. Hanyar da H. pylori ke haifar da ciwon daji na iya haɗawa da kumburi na yau da kullum ko aikin kai tsaye na wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Kwayoyin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji sun haɗa da Schistosoma haematobium ( squamous cell carcinoma na mafitsara ) da kuma hanta flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini da Clonorchis sinensis ( cholangiocarcinoma ). Kumburi da ƙwan tsutsa ke haifarwa ya bayyana shine hanyar da ke haifar da ciwon daji. Wasu cututtukan cututtuka na parasitic kuma na iya ƙara kasancewar mahadi na carcinogenic a cikin jiki, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar ciwon daji. Cutar tarin fuka, wanda mycobacterium M. tarin fuka ya haifar, an kuma danganta shi da ci gaban ciwon huhu.
Kumburi
Akwai shaidar cewa kumburi kanta yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hadakawa da ci gaban ciwon daji. Kumburi na yau da kullum zai iya haifar da lalacewar DNA a kan lokaci da kuma tarin sauye-sauye na kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin cutar kansa. Kumburi na iya taimakawa wajen yaduwa, rayuwa, angiogensis da ƙaura na kwayoyin ciwon daji ta hanyar tasiri microenvironment tumor. Mutanen da ke da cututtukan hanji mai kumburi suna cikin hadarin hadaka cututtukan daji na launi.
Radiation
Har zuwa kashi 10 cikin 100 na cututtukan daji masu barna suna da alaqa da fallasa hasken rana, gami da duka radiation marasa ionizing da radiation ionizing. Ba kamar abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarai ko jiki don ciwon daji ba, ionizing radiation yana kaiwa ga kwayoyin halitta a cikin sel ba da gangan ba. Idan ya faru ya bugi chromosome, zai iya karya chromosome, ya haifar da adadi mara kyau na chromosomes, rashin kunna ɗaya ko fiye da kwayoyin halitta a cikin bangaren chromosome da ya buga, share sassan jerin DNA, haifar da fassarar chromosome, ko haifar da chromosomes. sauran nau'ikan rashin daidaituwa na chromosome. Babban lalacewa yakan haifar da mutuwar tantanin halitta, amma ƙananan lalacewa na iya barin barga, wani ɓangaren tantanin halitta mai aiki wanda zai iya yaduwa da haɓaka zuwa kansa, musamman idan kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙari sun lalace ta hanyar radiation. Matakai uku masu zaman kansu sun bayyana suna da hannu a cikin ƙirƙirar ciwon daji tare da radiation ionizing: sauye-sauyen yanayin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta, samun rashin mutuwa ta salula (rasa al'ada, tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa mai iyaka), da daidaitawa waɗanda ke ba da izinin samuwar kwayar cuta. Ko da kwayar cutar ba ta bugi DNA kai tsaye ba, yana haifar da martani daga sel waɗanda ke ƙara yuwuwar maye gurbi a kaikaice.
Radiation marasa ionizing
Hasken makamashi mai ƙarfi, gami da hasken ultraviolet (wanda yake a cikin hasken rana), hasken x-ray, da radiation na gamma, gabaɗaya carcinogenic ne, idan an karɓa cikin isassun allurai. Tsawon tsawaitawa zuwa hasken ultraviolet daga rana zai iya haifar da melanoma da sauran cututtukan fata. Yawancin cututtukan da ba su da haɗari ba su ne cututtukan fata waɗanda ba melanoma ba waɗanda ba su haifar da radiation ultraviolet ba. Shaida bayyananniya ta kafa radiation ultraviolet, musamman ma matsakaicin raƙuman raguman ionizing UVB, a matsayin sanadin mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan fata waɗanda ba melanoma ba, waɗanda sune mafi yawan nau'ikan ciwon daji a duniya.
Ionizing radiation
Tushen ionizing radiation sun haɗa da hoton likita, da radon gas. Ionizing radiation ba mutagen mai karfi bane musamman. Amfani da likitanci na ionizing radiation shine tushen hadakar cututtukan daji da ke haifar da radiation. Ana iya amfani da radiation ionizing don magance wasu cututtuka, amma wannan yana iya, a wasu lokuta, haifar da nau'i na biyu na ciwon daji. Radiation na iya haifar da ciwon daji a mafi yawan sassan jiki, a cikin dukan dabbobi, da kuma kowane shekaru, duk da cewa radiation-induced tabarbarewar ciwace-ciwacen daji yakan dauki shekaru 10-15, kuma zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 40, ya bayyana a asibiti, kuma radiation-jawowa. cutar sankarar bargo yawanci yana buƙatar shekaru 2-10 don bayyana. Radiation-induced meningiomas wani baƙon abu ne mai rikitarwa na kumburin hanji. Wasu mutane, irin su waɗanda ke da ciwon basal cell carcinoma ko retinoblastoma, sun fi sauƙi fiye da matsakaici don bunkasa ciwon daji daga bayyanar radiation. Yara da matasa suna da yuwuwar haɓaka cutar sankarar bargo da ke haifar da radiation sau biyu kamar manya; Fitar da radiation kafin haihuwa yana da tasirin sau goma.
Hakanan ana amfani da ionizing radiation a wasu nau'ikan hoton likita. A cikin ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu, hoton likitanci yana ba da gudummawar kusan adadin radiation ga jama'a kamar na baya-bayan nan. Dabarun magungunan nukiliya sun haɗa da allurar magungunan rediyo kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini. Maganin rediyo da gangan yana isar da allurai masu yawa na radiation zuwa ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen da ke kewaye da shi azaman nau'in maganin cuta. An kiyasta cewa 0.4% na ciwon daji a cikin 2007 a Amurka sun kasance saboda CTs da aka yi a baya kuma wannan na iya karuwa zuwa 1.5-2% tare da ƙimar amfani da CT a wannan lokaci guda.
Carole Tongue
Carole Tongue, FRSA (an haife ta 14 Oktoba 1955) tsohon memba ce na Majalisar Turai mai wakiltar London ta Gabas (daga 1984 zuwa 1999) kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour ta Majalisar Turai (daga 1989 zuwa 1991). Ta kasance 'yar takarar da ba ta yi nasara ba na Change UK a zaben majalisar Turai na 2019 a London.
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Ionizing radiation
Bayyanar mazaunin ga radon gas yana da irin wannan haɗarin kansa kamar shan taba. Ƙananan bayyanar cututtuka, kamar rayuwa kusa da tashar makamashin nukiliya, an yi imanin cewa ba su da wani tasiri ko kadan akan ci gaban ciwon daji. Radiation shine tushen ciwon daji mafi karfi idan aka haɗa shi da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa, irin su radon iskar gas tare da shan taba.
Dashen gabobi
Ci gaban ciwace-ciwacen da ake samu daga masu ba da taimako daga dashen sassan jiki yana da wuyar gaske. Babban abin da ke haifar da ciwace-ciwacen gabobi da ke da alaƙa da alama yana da cutar melanoma, wanda ba a gano shi ba a lokacin girbi na gabbai. Haka kuma an sami rahotannin sarcoma na Kaposi na faruwa bayan dasawa saboda ficewar ƙwayoyin masu ba da taimako da kwayoyin cuta suka kamu da cutar.
Tashin hankali
Raunin jiki da ke haifar da ciwon daji ba kasafai ba ne. Da'awar cewa karya kasusuwa ya haifar da ciwon daji na kashi, alal misali, ba a taɓa tabbatar da hakan ba. Hakazalika, ba a yarda da raunin jiki a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar mahaifa, ciwon nono, ko kansar kwakwalwa. Ɗaya daga cikin tushen da aka yarda shine akai-akai, aikace-aikacen dogon lokaci na abubuwa masu zafi zuwa jiki. Mai yiyuwa ne konewar da ake ta yi a wani bangare na jiki, irin wadanda ake samar da su daga kangare da na’urorin dumama na kairo (masu dumin hannun gawayi), na iya haifar da cutar kansar fata, musamman ma idan akwai sinadarai masu cutar kansa.
Carole Tongue
Nauyin da ke cikin Majalisar Turai
A cikin Majalisar Turai, a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki (1989-1994), ta rubuta rahotanni guda biyu, da yawa da aka karɓa, game da makomar masana'antar motoci ta Turai. Ta kafa dandalin masana'antar motoci ta Turai na farko tare da Hukumar EU da halartar duk masu ruwa da tsaki a ciki watau kungiyoyin kwadago. Ya ƙare a cikin Forum kan taron masana'antun motoci na EU na 1 ga watan Maris 1994. Ɗaya daga cikin shawarwarin ya haifar da kafa Manufar 5 na Asusun zamantakewa na Turai da aka tsara don taimakawa wajen sake horar da ma'aikata da ke barazanar sakewa. Daga 1994 zuwa 1999, ta kasance Mai Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Socialist akan Al'adu, Media, Wasanni, Ilimi da Matasa. Ta kuma kasance mai magana da yawun yada labaran jama'a. A cikin wannan rawar, a cikin 1995, ta kafa haɗin gwiwar TV/Fim na ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyin masu ƙirƙira. A cikin 1996, Majalisar ta karɓi rahotonta kan Watsa shirye-shiryen Watsa Labarun Jama'a a cikin Multichannel Digital Age. Wannan ya haifar da haɗa ƙa'idar da ke kare watsa shirye-shiryen sabis na jama'a a cikin 1997 EU Amsterdam Treaty. A cikin 1997, Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Tony Blair ya nada ta don yin hulɗa tsakanin Jam'iyyar Labour ta Majalisar Dokokin Turai da Ma'aikatar Al'adu, Watsa Labarai da Wasanni ta Burtaniya. Daga 1997 zuwa 1999, ta kasance zaɓaɓɓiyar shugabar Cinema na Majalisar Turai da Intergroup na Audiovisual.
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Tashin hankali
Yawan shan shayi mai zafi mai zafi na iya haifar da ciwon daji na esophageal. Gabaɗaya, an yi imanin cewa ciwon daji ya taso, ko kuma ana karfafa ciwon daji da ya rigaya ya kasance, a lokacin aikin gyaran raunin da ya faru, maimakon ciwon daji wanda ya haifar da ciwon kai tsaye. Koyaya, raunin raunin da aka samu ga kyallen takarda iri ɗaya na iya haɓaka haɓakar kwayoyin sel da yawa, wanda hakan zai iya ƙara yuwuwar maye gurbi.
Carole Tongue
Bayan aikin majalisa
Tun bayan da ta bar Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, ta yi aiki a cikin harkokin jama'a na ba da shawara ga kamfanoni, masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin jama'a, ciki har da: jami'o'i, kungiyoyin agaji, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin kwadago. Kwararre kan manufofin audiovisual, a halin yanzu tana ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da masu haƙƙin haƙƙin masana'antu. Ita ma mai ba da shawara ce ta waje a kamfanin EUTOP na Jamus, da laccoci a jami'o'i a London. Tongue ta daɗe tana shiga cikin fasaha da masana'antu. A cikin 1999, ta haɗa haɗin gwiwar Opera of Fleeting akan Kogin Thames tare da tarin Couper da Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. Tana da cikakken tarihin hidimar jama'a da yaƙin neman zaɓe a fagage na magana mai ji da gani da al'adu; yawan watsa labarai; hana nuna bambanci; daidaito; bambancin; dimokuradiyyar tattalin arziki; halartar ma'aikata.
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Watsawar uwa- tayi
A {asar Amirka, kusan mata masu juna biyu 3,500 suna fama da rashin lafiya a kowace shekara, kuma an lura da watsa cutar sankarar bargo mai tsanani, lymphoma, melanoma da carcinoma daga uwa zuwa tayin. Ban da cututtukan da ba kasafai ake yadawa ba da ke faruwa tare da masu juna biyu da masu ba da gudummawar gabbai kaɗan kawai, ciwon daji gabadaya ba cuta ce mai yaduwa ba. Babban dalilin wannan shine kin amincewa da ƙwayar nama wanda rashin daidaituwa na MHC ya haifar. A cikin mutane da sauran kasusuwa, tsarin rigakafi yana amfani da antigens na MHC don bambanta tsakanin "kai" da "wadanda ba na kai ba" saboda wadannan antigens sun bambanta da mutum zuwa mutum. Lokacin da aka ci karo da antigens wadanda ba na kansu ba, tsarin rigakafi yana amsawa da tantanin halitta da ya dace. Irin wadannan halayen na iya karewa daga kwayar kwayar cuta ta hanyar kawar da kwayoyin da aka dasa.
Carole Tongue
Bayan aikin majalisa
Carole ita ce Shugabar Ƙungiyar Haɗin kai ta Burtaniya don Bambance-bambancen Kalaman Al'adu tun 2005 lokacin da ta kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Holy Aylett don aiwatar da yarjejeniyar UNESCO ta 2005 kan karewa da haɓaka bambancin maganganun al'adu. An nada ta shugabar hadaddiyar kungiyar kasashen Turai don bambancin maganganun al'adu a watan Disamba 2014. A cikin 2015, ta kafa kuma ta jagoranci Creatives4Europe, ƙungiyar da ke wakiltar dukkanin rassa na masana'antu/fasaha da al'adu (a karkashin jagorancin Ƙungiyar Turai) don yakin neman kuri'a na ci gaba a cikin 2016 EU mambobin raba gardama. Ta kasance 'yar takarar Change UK a London a zaben majalisar Turai na 2019, an sanya ta ta uku a cikin jerin.
Alƙawuran hidimar jama'a
2002–2006: Shugaban Kwamitin Kyauta na Yanki na London na Asusun Al'umma kuma Memba na Hukumar Asusun Al'umma, yana rarraba kudaden da UK Lottery National Lottery ya tara don kyawawan dalilai.
2006–2010: Memba na Kwamitin Sadarwa da Watsa Labarai na Hukumar UNESCO ta kasa.
Janairu 2010: An nada shi a kwamitin bincike da rajista na GMC.
Tongue kuma itace: amintacciyar Masu Sa-kai na Sa-kai na Jama'a; Majiɓinci na Haɗin kai, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ilimin Gallery ta Ƙasa; Majiɓincin Majalisar Dokokin Tarayya kuma Shugaban Majalisar Fina-Finai Mai Zaman Kanta, Majiɓincin Ƙwararru Ga Dukan agaji. Carole ita ce shugabar wata ƙungiyar agaji ta Faransa mai suna "Arts a Parts" da aka tsara don haɓaka daidaito ta hanyar fasaha. Har ila yau, tana cikin Kwamitin Ƙaddamarwar Watsa Labarai ta Turai mai fafutukar neman yawan kafofin watsa labarai.
A cikin 2005, ta kafa haɗin gwiwa kuma yanzu tana jagorantar Ƙungiyar Haɗin kai don Bambance-bambancen Al'adu na Burtaniya.
A cikin 2014, an zabe ta Shugabar Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai don bambancin al'adu.
Matsayin ilimi
2001: Malami mai Ziyara/Farfesa a Siyasar Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Sauti na Turai da Siyasar Biritaniya da Turai a Jami'ar Fasaha ta London
2008: Malami mai Ziyara a Jami'ar City, London, kan Bambance-bambancen Al'adu, Fasaha da Watsa Labarai
Manufar Audiovisual da dabarun
A cikin 1990s, Tongue tayi kamfen don samar da ka'idar EU don kare watsa shirye-shiryen sabis na jama'a. Ta kuma yi aiki ga dokar EU don kare shirye-shiryen talabijin da ke nuna al'adun gida, dabi'u da kuma ainihi. An aiwatar da waɗannan duk da babban adawa daga wasu buƙatun kasuwanci. An gabatar da wata yarjejeniya ta kare watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a a cikin 1997 EU Amsterdam Treaty.
A wannan lokacin, ta soki tasirin Rupert Murdoch akan aikin jarida na Burtaniya, masana'antar watsa labarai da al'adu. Ta yi jayayya don ƙarin zuba jari a cikin fina-finai na Biritaniya, wasan kwaikwayo da shirye-shiryen ta hanyar kebul da tauraron dan adam kamar BSkyB. Ta ci gaba da aiki don bambancin ra'ayi na al'adu da yawan watsa labarai.
Tongue tana ba da shawara kan abubuwan da suka shafi gani na sauti don kamfanonin shirya fina-finai. Tana iya magana da Faransanci da Jamusanci, tana magana akai-akai kan watsa shirye-shirye da fina-finai a duk duniya kuma marubuciya ce ta kasidu da babi na littattafai kan manufofin sauti na gani na Turai, watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a, manufofin al'adu da kuma harkokin Turai. Ta kasance mamba a kwamitin sadarwa da yada labarai na UNESCO daga 2002 zuwa 2010.
Girmamawa, kyaututtuka da membobinsu
A cikin 2005, Tongue ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Lincoln don hidima ga jama'a a sassan watsa shirye-shirye da na gani.
Ita mamba ce ta Royal Society for the Couragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA), memba na kungiyar kasuwanci ta BECTU. Ita mamba ce ta BAFTA.
Bridie Gallagher
Bridget "Bridie" Gallagher (7 Satumba 1924 - 9 Janairu 2012) mawaƙiyar kasar Ireland ce, wacce aka fi sani da suna "Yarinyar Donegal". An yi mata kallon "tauraron pop na farko a duniya".
Gallagher ta yi suna a cikin 1956 tare da rikodinta na "Ƙaunar Mahaifa" kuma ta sami lambar yabo na duniya tare da fassarar almara na "The Boys From County Armagh". A lokacin aikinta, wanda ya kwashe sama da shekaru sittin, ta bayyana a manyan filaye da yawa a fadin duniya. Ta kuma yi wakoki irin su " Gidan Donegal " shahararru ne.
Sana'a
Gallagher ta fara rera waƙa a cikin cibiyar 'creeslough' tare da ƙungiyar Ceili na gida wanda Bill Gallagher ya fara. Gidan 'Creeslough' na Jim Mc Caffrey ne kuma Bridie za ta kara ziyartan zauren 'Creeslough' da ke garinta a duk tsawon aikinta na ci gaba. Ba da daɗewa ba (Billy Livingstone) ya ga gwanin Bridie a cikin 1950s (babu dangantaka da mijinta) wanda ya kasance gwaninta don rikodin Decca, kuma ta tafi garin 'Belfast' wanda zai zama tushenta, a nan ne ta auri Robert (Bob) Livingstone kuma ta haifi yara biyu maza, Jim da Peter. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗan nata, Peter ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a 1976 kuma ɗayan ya ci gaba da rangadi tare da Gallagher.
Gallagher tana riƙe da rikodin mafi yawan mutanen da suka halarta a Albert Hall London, tare da mutane sama da 7,500, rikodin da ba a taɓa daidaita shi ba yayin da ya ci gaba da zama wurin zama. Gallagher ya zama sananne a duniya kuma ya yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin duniya, Amurka, Kanada, Turai, Australia kuma an san shi da "Yarinyar Donegal". Bridie ya taka leda a yawancin fitattun gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na duniya, gami da Royal Albert Hall na London, Gidan Opera na Sydney da Hall na Carnegie a New York. Bridie ya yi waƙa galibi ballads ko kuma kamar yadda daga baya aka san su da Ƙasa da Irish. Daya daga cikin fitattun wakokinta shine "The Boys From The County Armagh", wanda ya siyar da kwafi sama da 250,000, wanda shine mafi girman siyarwa dan Irish a wancan lokacin.
Bridie kuma ya yi rikodin " Cottage ta Lee ", wanda marubucin Irish Dick Farrelly ya rubuta. Farrelly ya sami shahara a duk duniya tare da waƙarsa ta al'ada, " The Isle of Innisfree ", wanda asalinsa ya shahara a duniya don Bing Crosby kuma darektan fim, John Ford ya zaɓe shi a matsayin babban jigon kiɗan fim ɗinsa, "The Quiet Man".
Gallagher tana da nata wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo akan RTÉ haka kuma da yawa bayyanuwa a talabijin (RTÉ, BBC, UTV, da bakin teku zuwa bakin teku a Amurka).
Rayuwa ta sirri
Gallagher ta zauna a Belfast tsawon rayuwarta. A shekarar 1976 ta rasa danta mai shekaru 21 a wani hatsarin babur. Mutanen Creeslough sun karrama ta a ranar 10 ga Yuli 2000 tare da wani taron bikin murnar aikinta. Membobin danginta daga Creeslough da Donegal sun halarci taron tare da ƴan uwanta mata biyu da danginsu waɗanda suka yi tattaki daga Glasgow zuwa wurin tare da kiyasin taron magoya baya 2,500. An fito da wani plaque na yabo ga Gallagher. Washegari Majalisar Donegal County ta karrama ta lokacin da suka yi mata liyafar jama'a. Shugaban majalisar Charlie Bennett a wajen bikin ya ce "Bridie ta ba da haske ga masu fasaha da yawa da suka bi bayanta kuma na tabbata da yawa daga cikinsu suna kallonta a matsayin abin koyi yayin da suka fara sana'arsu a duniyar waka."
Gallagher ta mutu a gidanta a Belfast a ranar 9 ga Janairu 2012 yana da shekara 87. An binne ta ne a garin Creeslough.
Marasa aure
wasan kwaikwayo
Bikin Dzimbi
Bikin Dzimbi biki ne na shekara -shekara wanda sarakuna da mutane ke yi a duka yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Sama ta Yamma. Yawancin lokaci ana yin bikin ne a cikin watan Yuni.
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don nuna alamar wani abin da ya faru a baya.
Laura del Río
Laura del Río García (an haife ta 5 Fabrairu 1982) ita ce manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sipaniya kuma tsohuwar 'yar wasa wanda ta taka leda a matsayin 'yar gabata. Har jagorantar kungiyma kwallon kafa ta  maza ta Flat Earth FC ta taba yi.
Ta kasance tana buga wa Bristol Academy wasa a FA WSL ta Ingila. Kafin wannan, ta yi wasa a AD Torrejón, CE Sabadell da Levante UD a cikin Superleague na Sipaniya, FC Indiana a W-League, 1. FFC Frankfurt a Bundesliga na Jamus, da Boston Breakers da Philadelphia Independence a cikin WPS. Del Río ta ci wa babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Spain kwallaye 14, kafin wata takaddama da kocin ya sa ta fice daga kasar.
Aikin kulob
Del Río ta fara aikinta a AD Torrejón a 1999 kafin ta koma Levante UD a shekara mai zuwa. A kakar wasanni biyu da ta yi a Valencia ta yi nasara sau biyu yayinda Levante ta ratsa Superliga Femenina da Copa de la Reina. Daga baya Del Río ta shafe shekaru biyu a CE Sabadell sannan ta koma Levante, inda ta cigaba da zama na tsawon shekaru hudu masu zuwa, inda ta ci karin League a 2008 da kuma kofuna biyu.
A cikin 2008, ta bar Levante don yin wasa a ƙasashen waje a karon farko, tana wasa a W-League don FC Indiana. Ta ci kwallaye 33 a cikin shekaru biyu da ta yi a W-League, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama kungiyar ta All-League. A lokacin rani na 2009 ta sanya hannu a gidan wutar lantarki na Turai 1 FFC Frankfurt. Fara kakar wasan a matsayin ajiya, ta sanya kanta wuri a cikin farawa goma sha ɗaya na wasu makonni bayan ta zira kwallaye a wasanni uku a jere da ta fito daga benci. Gaba ɗaya, ta zira kwallaye shida a wasanni goma kacal a gasar Bundesliga, yayinda ta bar Frankfurt a watan Disamba don rattaba hannu a kungiyar Boston Breakers, wanda ke nuna alamar cewa ita ƙwararriyar 'yar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mata ce. Domin kakar 2011 ta koma Philadelphia Independence, wanda ta kai ga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. A wasan karshe dai ta rasa bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na karshe.
Del Río ta koma kulob din Bristol Academy na FA na Ingila a shekara ta 2012. A karkashin koci Mark Sampson kungiyar ta zo ta biyu a gasar FA WSL ta 2013 kuma ta yi rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin FA ta mata na 2012-13. A watan Janairun 2015 Bristol ta tabbatar da cewa Del Rio ta bar kungiyar bayan ta ci kwallaye 14 a wasanni 47. Ta koma Amurka, inda ta rattaba hannu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa Washington Spirit. Ta yi taimako biyu a wasanni 11 a shekarar 2015, kafin lokacinta ya kare da rauni. Ta kuma rasa duk lokacin kakar 2016 bayan tiyatar da aka yi mata. Ta cigaba da aikinta a Spain, tare da ƙungiyar Segunda División CD Tacón, ta sanya hannu a Madrid CFF shekara guda.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Shekaru da dama Del Río ta kasance babbar 'yar wasan tawagar kasar Spain, inda ta zura kwallaye 14. Duk da haka, ba a kira ta ba tun a shekarun baya, bayan wata arangama da koci Ignacio Quereda.
Aikin gudanarwa
Bayan ta yi ritaya, a watan Agustan 2019 Del Río ta sanya hannu a matsayin mai horar da kungiyar Flat Earth FC. Ta zama mace ta farko a jagorancin kungiya, a rukuni na hudu na Sipaniya. Duk da haka, an kore ta a watan Oktoba, amma ta cigaba a tsarin kulab din da nufin bunkasa kungiyar mata.
Girmamawa
FC Indiana
GET Arena
GET Arena filin wasan kart ne a Lekki, Legas ɗaura da Oriental Hotel. An rufe shi na dindindin. Har ila yau, wurin ya ƙunshi wuraren cin abinci a tsakanin sauran wuraren zama a matsayin cibiyar taron don ɗaukar nauyin taron jama'a.
Manazarta
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Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
(CNN)
Radio nigeria sunshine fm potaskum
Radio Nigeria sunshine fm Gidan rediyo ne mai mita 88.1 a potaskum. Wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta kirkira dan nishadantar da mutanen garin potaskum dake jahar yobe. Tare da kawo masu muhimman abubuwan da suke faruwa a ƙasar Nigeria.
Dokokin Daji
Dokokin daji: Manifesto don Adalci na Duniya littafi ne na Cormac Cullinan wanda ke ba da shawarar amincewa da al'ummomi da tsarin halittu a matsayin masu shari'a masu haƙƙin doka. Littafin ya bayyana manufar dokar daji, wato dokokin ’yan Adam da suka yi dai-dai da fikihu. Thomas Berry ya riga ya bayyana, littafin Green Books ya buga a watan Nuwambar shekara t 2003 tare da Gidauniyar Gaia, London. An fara buga shi a Afirka ta Kudu, ƙasar marubucin, a cikin Agustan shekara ta 2002 ta Siber Ink.
An tattauna yuwuwar haɓaka sabon nau'i na shari'a a wani taro a Washington wanda Thomas Berry ya halarta a Afrilu 2001, wanda Gidauniyar Gaia ta shirya. Ƙungiyar mutanen da ke da hannu da doka da ƴan asalin ƙasar sun halarci daga Afirka ta Kudu, Birtaniya, Colombia, Kanada da Amurka.
Tun daga lokacin Dokar daji ta kasance a tsakiyar yawancin tarurrukan taro da bita na zama kamar haka:
Dokar Tamaqua Borough Sewage Sludge Dokar da aka kafa a cikin shekara t 2006 ta mazaunan 7,000 na al'ummar Tamaqua, PA ya dogara ne akan ra'ayoyin shekara ta 2002 da aka tsara a cikin Dokar Wild kuma an duba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru na 2006. Dokar Tamaqua ba wai kawai ta musanta yancin kamfanoni na yada tarkacen najasa a matsayin taki a filayen noma ba, koda kuwa manomi ya yarda, dokar ta amince da al'ummomi da muhallin halittu a matsayin mutane na doka da ke da haƙƙin doka. Wannan doka tana cikin "dokokin daji" na farko da za a zartar a ko'ina cikin duniya.
New Afrika Shrine
New Afrika Shrine cibiyar nishaɗantarwa ce ta buɗadɗiyar iska da ke Ikeja, Jihar Legas. Tana aiki azaman wurin karbar bakuncin bikin kiɗan Felabration na shekara-shekara. A halin yanzu Femi Kuti (babban dan Fela Kuti) da Yeni Anikulapo-Kuti ne ke kula da shi, shi ne maye gurbin tsohon gidan ibada na Afrika da Fela Kuti ya yi a shekarar 1970 har sai da aka kone shi a 1977. Sabon gidan ibada na Afrika ya baje kolin hotunan Fela da kaɗe-kaɗe da Femi Kuti da Seun Kuti suka yi wanda hakan ya sa ya zama wurin yawon buɗe ido.
A ranar 3 ga watan Yuli, 2018, Shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron ya ziyarci wurin ibada tare da kaddamar da lokacin al'adun Afirka na 2020 a Faransa. Macron ya ce ya ziyarci wurin ibada tun yana ɗalibi a 2002.
Saba Seghir
Sabah Seghir ( صباح صغير,  an haife ta a ranar  27 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Seria B ta Italiya Napoli Femminile, aro daga UC Sampdoria. An haife ta a Faransa, tana taka leda a kungiyar mata ta kasar Morocco.
Aikin kulob
Seghir ya buga wa RC Saint-Denis da Saint Maur a Faransa.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Seghir ta fara bugawa Morocco wasa ne a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 2021, a madadinta a wasan sada zumunta da suka doke Mali da ci 3-0. Wasanta na farko a matsayin dan wasa na farko ya kasance bayan kwana hudu da abokiyar hamayyarsu.
Manazarta
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Taiye Selasi
Taiye Selasi (an haife tane 2 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1979) marubuciyar ƙasar Ghana ce kuma Ba’amerikiya. 'Yar asalin Najeriya da Ghana, ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "yar unguwa" Accra, Berlin, New York da Rome.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Taiye Selasi an haife ta a Landan, kuma ta girma a Brookline, Massachusetts, ita ce dattijon tagwaye mata na Dokta Lade Wosornu, 'yar Ghana, likitan tiyata a Saudi Arabia kuma marubucin wakoki da dama, da Dr. Juliette Tuakli, na Al'adun Najeriya, likitar yara a Ghana  da ta shahara wajen fafutukar kare hakkin yara, ciki har da zama a hukumar United Way. Iyayen Selasi sun rabu lokacin tana jaririya. Ta hadu da mahaifinta na haihuwa yana da shekara 12.
Kow Nkensen Arkaah
Kow Nkensen Arkaah (14 ga Yuli 1927-25 ga Afrilu 2001) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne wanda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasar Ghana daga 1993 zuwa 1997. Ya kuma kasance shugaban Senya Breku.
Aiki da Karatu
Arkaah ya kasance Mataimakin Manajan Talla na Kamfanin Secony Oil Corporation na New York City. Daga baya ya koma kasarsa ta haihuwa. Daga 1954 zuwa 1957, Arkaah yayi aiki a matsayin Babban Daraktan Talla na Mobil Oil Ghana Limited. A cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa har zuwa 1968, Arkaah yayi aiki tare da ma'aikatan farar hula, inda ya tashi ya zama Babban Sakatare tsakanin 1966 da 1968. Shi ne shugaban Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Kasa na Ghana (GNTC), babban kamfani na kasuwanci na ƙasa a lokacin, kamfanin jirgin saman Ghana Airways da Hukumar Siyarwa ta Ƙasa ta Ghana. A shekarar 1965, shi ne Babban Jami’in Harkokin Kasuwanci na kasuwancin Kasashen waje. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Gambiya, Saliyo, Yugoslavia da Habasha.
Taiye Selasi
Aiki
A cikin 2005 The LIP Magazine ya buga "Bye-Bye, Babar (Ko: Menene Afropolitan?)", Seminal rubutu na Selasi a kan Afropolitans. A cikin "Bye Bye Babar", Selasi ta kwatanta sabon ƴan ƙasashen Afirka; wani babban haɗin gwiwa wanda ya yarda da bambancinsa: "Wataƙila abin da ya fi kwatanta fahimtar Afropolitan shine ƙin ƙaddamarwa; ƙoƙari na fahimtar abin da ke da lafiya a Afirka tare da sha'awar girmama abin da ke da ban mamaki, na musamman." Selasi ba ta neman a san ta a matsayin wanda ta kafa Afropolitanism, "Ta ba da shawarar kada ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta ƙirƙira shi, kuma ta yi watsi da rawar da ta taka a cikin dukan abin da ya biyo baya." Tattaunawar Afropolitanism ta karu bayan rubutun, kuma wannan ya ba da hanya ga masana kamar Simon Gikandi da Achille Mbembe don "ƙara haɓaka" kalmar, Afropolitan, zuwa cikin sanannen akidar da aka yi amfani da ita. A shekarar da ta rubuta makalar, ta rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo wanda Avery Willis, yayan Toni Morrison ya shirya a wani karamin gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Kow Nkensen Arkaah
Siyasa
Arkaah ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar National Convention Party (NCP) kafin zaben shugaban kasa na 1992. Jam'iyyarsa ta kulla kawance da National Democratic Congress (NDC) na Jerry Rawlings, da Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere (EGLE). A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar, Arkaah ya zama ɗan takarar Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa akan tikitin Rawlings. Rawlings da Arkaah suna da alaƙar aiki mai wahala a cikin tsawon shekaru huɗu. Babban abin magana shine zargin da ake yi tsakanin su a taron majalisar ministocin a ranar 28 ga Disamba 1995. Rawlings ya yi ishara da cewa akwai wani nau'in rashin fahimta. Arkaah ya sa wa kansa suna "kyanwa mai taurin kai" bayan wannan lamarin.
Arkaah ya zama shugaban Jam'iyyar Jama'a na Babban Taron da haɗin gwiwar NCP da Jam'iyyar Taron Jama'a suka kafa. An sanar da hadewar a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1996. Arkaah, wanda ya ci gaba da zama Mataimakin Shugaban Ghana, ya tsaya a matsayin ɗan takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1996 kuma ya sha kaye. An maye gurbinsa a gwamnatin Rawlings da Farfesa John Atta Mills, malamin doka, a matsayin mataimakin Rawlings.
Taiye Selasi
Aiki
A cikin 2006 Morrison ya ba Selasi wa'adin shekara guda; ta rubuta "The Sex Lives of African Girls" don saduwa da shi. Labarin, wanda mujallar wallafe-wallafen Birtaniya Granta ta buga a cikin 2011, ya bayyana a cikin Mafi kyawun Gajerun Labarai na Amurka 2012.
Kow Nkensen Arkaah
Mutuwa
Arkaah ya yi hadarin mota akan hanya a Cantonments, Accra. Ya mutu sakamakon raunin da ya samu a Atlanta a Amurka ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2001.
Taiye Selasi
Aiki
A cikin 2010 Ann Godoff a Penguin Press ya sayi littafin Selasi wanda ba a gama ba. An buga Ghana Must Go a cikin 2013. Diana Evans ce ta yaba da ita a cikin The Guardian, Margaret Busby a cikin The Independent, ta The Economist, da The Wall Street Journal. An zaɓa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 10 Mafi kyawun Littattafai na 2013 ta The Wall Street Journal da The Economist, an sayar da shi a cikin ƙasashe 22 kamar na 2014.
A cikin 2013 an zaɓi Selasi a matsayin ɗayan Granta 's 20 Mafi kyawun Marubutan Birtaniyya na 20 kuma a cikin 2014 mai suna Hay Festival 's Africa39 jerin marubutan Afirka na kudu da hamadar Sahara 39 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 40 "tare da iyawa da hazaka. ayyana yanayin adabin Afirka."
Selasi tana yin haɗin gwiwa akai-akai tare da abokan aikin fasaha. A cikin 2012 ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da mai zane David Adjaye don ƙirƙirar ɗakin karatu na Kogin Gwangju, ɗakin karatu na sararin sama wanda aka gina a cikin 2013 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Gwangju Biennale's Fooly II. Tare da darakta Teddy Goitom, wanda ya kafa Stocktown, Selasi babban mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen Afripedia ce, jerin shirye-shiryen shirye-shirye game da abubuwan kirkire-kirkire na birane na Afirka. Tare da masu samarwa Fernando Meirelles da Hank Levine (City of God), Selasi yana haɓaka Exodus, wani shiri na musamman game da ƙaura na duniya.
A cikin 2013 Selasi ta kasance mai juror a cikin gidan talabijin na gaskiya na Italiyanci Masterpiece akan Rai 3 tare da Andrea De Carlo.
A cikin 2015, Selasi ta fito a matsayin Fitaccen Mawallafi, tana jagorantar taron karawa juna sani, a Jadawalin Marubutan Iceland na shekara-shekara a Reykjavik, Iceland. Har ila yau, ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga tarihin New Daughters of Africa (wanda Margaret Busby ta shirya, 2019).
Varel Rozan
Varel Joviale Rozan (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1992) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Kongo wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga AS Vita Club da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kongo.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
Rozan ya fara babban aikinsa tare da kulob din Congo Étoile du Congo a cikin shekarata 2011. Ya kuma koma Maroko tare da KAC Kénitra a Botola a shekarar 2012, inda ya zauna har zuwa 2017. Ya koma Jamhuriyar Kongo, tare da ci gaba a AC Léopards, Diables Noirs, Étoile du Congo, da AS Otohô. A ranar 7 ga Agustan shekarar 2021, ya koma kulob din DR Congo AS Vita Club.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Rozan ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da tawagar kasar Kongo a 0–0 shekarar 2018 na neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka da DR Congo a ranar 11 ga Agustan shekara ta 2017. Ya kasance cikin tawagar Kongo da ta taka leda a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka na shekarar 2018 da 2020.
Welcome to Lagos
Barka da zuwa Legas ( Yarbanci: Agba Meta ko Aro Meta ) wani mutum- mutumi ne na Art Deco na manyan sarakunan Legas uku da ke Legas, Najeriya. Bodun Shodeinde ne ya tsara shi a cikin shekarar 1991 kuma yana tsaye sama da 12 Daga sama, sarakunan uku da aka sassaka an gina su ne domin tarbar mutanen da ke shigowa jihar Legas.
Tarihi
Barka da zuwa Legas asalin Bodun Shodeinde ne ya gina shi a cikin shekarar 1991 a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Kanar Raji Rasaki kuma an sanya shi a kan hanyar Legas zuwa Ibadan. Saboda bacewar mutum-mutumin shi ne sanadin yawaitar haɗurran ababen hawa a hanyar Legas zuwa Ibadan, wasu mutane ne suka kona shi a shekarar 2004.
A ranar 17 ga watan Disamba 2004, an gyara ta kuma an koma wurin da yake a yanzu tare da Epe. A shekarar 2012, an sake gyara mutum-mutumin a karo na uku bayan da aka kona shi a lokacin shirin tallafin man fetur.
Tushen Tsari Da Al'adu
An gina shi tare da ɗora shi a kan wani babban titi domin tarbar mutane cikin birnin Legas, Barka da zuwa Legas ya nuna hoton wasu farar hula uku ( Yarbawa: Idejo ) a wurare daban-daban, sanye da fararen hular ɗaure a kafaɗarsu tare da dafe hannuwansu na dama. don haka alamar imani mai ƙarfi na fifikon hannun dama akan hagu.
Hoton da ke gefen dama yana shimfiɗa hannunsa gaba zuwa iska; tare da karkatar da hannu kaɗan, siffar da ke tsakiya ya rike hannun damansa gaba yayin da hoton na hagu ya haɗa hannayensa biyu, suna dan taɓa juna a cikin iska.
Bodun Shodeinde, ta hanyar wannan sassaken, ya nuna mafi girman daraja da za a iya baiwa kowa a al'adar gaisuwa ta Eko.
Jerin Sunayen Mazaɓu na Ƙaramar Hukumar Danbatta
Karamar Hukumar Danbatta dake jahar kano tana da Mazaɓu goma sha ɗaya (11) a karkashinta.
Ga jerin sunayensu kamar haka.
Tambarin Nijar
Tambarin Nijar ta nuna wani kofi mai dauke da tutocin kasar guda hudu, masu launukan lemo, fari, da kore. A tsakiyar, an shirya hatimin jihar. A kan garkuwar kore ko zinariya ana nuna alamun zinare huɗu. A tsakiyar, akwai rana, a hagu akwai wani mashi tsaye tare da biyu haye takuba Abzinawa, a dama da uku lu'u-lu'u gero shugabannin kuma a ƙarƙashinsa akwai gaban gaban wani zebu shugaban. A karkashin rigar makamai, akwai ribbon mai ɗauke da sunan ƙasar a cikin Faransanci: Republique du Niger. Yayin da kundin tsarin mulkin Nijar ya kayyade kalar alamomin da ke kan garkuwar, babu daidaitattun kalar garkuwar. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1999 ya sake buga rubutun kundin tsarin mulki na baya, yana ba da bambanci tsakanin Seal of State ( Le Sceau de l'État ) wanda ba a ba da launi na garkuwa ba da kuma Coat of Arms of the Republic ( Les Armoiries de la République ) don haka. An tsara Sinople azaman launin garkuwa. Sinople yayi kama da Vert (Green) a cikin heraldry, amma gine-ginen hukuma da takaddun ba sa nuna koren garkuwa. Ofishin jakadanci da takaddun hukuma suna amfani da fararen fata, tare da alamun zinare. Gidan yanar gizon shugaban kasar Nijar yana amfani da zinare ko rawaya tare da zinare masu duhu ko baki. Majalisar dokokin Nijar ta gana a kasa da wata babbar riga mai launin garkuwa mai launin zinare da alamomin a cikin zinare mai duhu.
Bayanin hukuma
Mataki na daya na kundin tsarin mulkin Nijar ya bayyana rigar makamai kamar haka:
Tufafin makamai na Jamhuriyar ya ƙunshi sashen garkuwa, hasken rana ko kuma, wanda aka ba wa mashin da aka caje shi da takubban Touareg guda biyu a cikin gishiri, da kuma ɓarna da kunnuwa uku na gero, ɗaya a cikin kodadde biyu kuma cikin gishiri., tare da ma'ana tare da shugaban zebu, duka ko. Wannan garkuwa ta rataya ne a kan wani kofi da tutocin jamhuriyar Nijar hudu suka kafa. An sanya rubutun "République du Niger" a ƙasa
Marvin Baudry
Marvin Baudry (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Janairu 1990) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Kulob din Laval. An haife shi a Faransa, tsohon dan wasan Jamhuriyar Congo ne.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
An haife shi a Reims, Baudry ya taka leda a Amiens.
Bayan bai taka leda ba a kakar 2020-21, a ranar 28 ga watan Yulin 2021, Baudry ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara guda tare da Laval.
Ayyukan kasa
Baudry ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a Kongo a cikin shekarar 2014. An zabe shi a matsayin wani bangare na 'yan wasa 26 na wucin gadi na Kongo don buga gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2015 a watan Disamba 2014. Daga baya, an sanya shi cikin tawagar karshe kuma ya kasance cikin nasarar da kungiyar ta kasa ta yi a gasar.
Girmamawa
Laval
Lagos State University of Science and Technology
Tarihi
An kafa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Legas (wanda aka fi sani da Lagos State Polytechnic) tare da kaddamar da Dokar Jihar Legas mai lamba 1 na 1978 tare da sake dawowa daga Yuni 1, 1977. Cibiyar ta fara azuzuwa a cikin watan Janairun, 1978 a wani wuri na wucin gadi (yanzu Isolo Campus) tare da Sassan guda biyar wato, [[Accounting|Accountancy], Gudanar da Kasuwanci, Banki da Kudi, Kasuwanci da Inshora.
Haƙƙoƙin Dijital
Haƙƙoƙin dijital su ne haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da haƙƙoƙin doka waɗanda ke ba wa mutane damar shiga, amfani, ƙirƙira, da buga kafofin watsa labarai na dijital ko samun dama da amfani da kwamfutoci, wasu na'urorin lantarki, da hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa. Manufar tana da alaƙa musamman da karewa da fahimtar haƙƙin da ke akwai, kamar haƙƙin sirri da yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, a cikin yanayin fasahar dijital, musamman Intanet. Dokokin ƙasashe da yawa sun amince da haƙƙin shiga Intanet.
Lagos State University of Science and Technology
Tarihi
A ranar 1 ga watan Agusta 1978, Makarantar Noma da ke Ikorodu ta haɗe da Cibiyar kuma ta zama jigon wurin dindindin na yau a Ikorodu. A shekarar 1988. A shekarar 1986, gwamnatin jihar Legas ta canza sunan Cibiyar daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Legas, (LACOSTECH) zuwa Legas Polytechnic (LASPOTECH). A shekarar 2021, Gwamna Babajide Sanwo-Olu ya mayar da makarantar zuwa jami'a.
Haƙƙoƙin Dijital
Haƙƙin ɗan adam da Intanet
An gano adadin haƙƙin ɗan adam da suka dace dangane da Intanet. Waɗannan sun haɗa da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, keɓewa, da 'yancin yin tarayya. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an kuma gano haƙƙin ilimi da harsuna da yawa, yancin masu amfani, da haɓaka iya aiki a cikin yanayin haƙƙin ci gaba. A cewar wani edita a cikin mujallar La Civilta Cattolica yanar gizo amfanin jama'a ne na duniya wanda ya kamata ya zama mai isa ga kowa da kuma mutunta haƙƙin wasu. Tare da gwamnatocin danniya da ke hana damar samun bayanai da sadarwa, yakamata gwamnatocin dimokuradiyya su yi aiki don tabbatar da samun damar Intanet tare da ɗaukar ƙa'idodin gama gari don tabbatar da amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta mutunta haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya.
Lagos State University of Science and Technology
Tarihi
Polytechnic a halin yanzu yana da ƙarfin ma'aikata 808 tare da shirye-shirye 56 da aka yarda da su a cikin makarantu daban-daban.
Polytechnic yana gudanar da hanyar sadarwa (EDUPORTAL) akan gidan yanar gizon sa-www.mylaspotech.edu.ng. A halin yanzu ana amfani da tashar don aiwatar da shigarwa da rajista na ɗalibai na cikakken lokaci da ɗaliban Makarantar Nazarin Lokaci-lokaci. Ana shirye-shiryen sanya tashar ta ƙara ƙarfi don ba da damar bincika sakamakon jarrabawa, ba da wasiƙun kammalawa da rubutattun rubuce-rubuce, e-learning, samun damar shiga ɗakin karatu na e-library, watsa bayanan harabar da kuma ci gaba mai ban mamaki na Watsa Labarai da Fasahar Sadarwa.
Haƙƙoƙin Dijital
Tabbatar da samun dama ga kowa da/ko hana hane-hane marasa ma'ana
Kasashe da yawa sun yi amfani da dokokin da ke buƙatar jihar ta yi aiki don tabbatar da samun damar Intanet da kuma/ko hana jihar hana mutum damar samun bayanai da Intanet ba tare da dalili ba:
Lagos State University of Science and Technology
Tarihi
Cibiyar, wacce ta fara laccoci da ɗaliban majagaba 287, a halin yanzu tana da ɗalibai kusan 50,000 na cikakken lokaci da na ɗan lokaci. Polytechnic a halin yanzu yana aiki a harabar harabar guda uku wato Isolo, Surulere da Ikorodu. Wannan na baya ya zama wurin dindindin na Cibiyar, Ikosi Campus wanda ya mutu.
Haƙƙoƙin Dijital
Tabbatar da samun dama ga kowa da/ko hana hane-hane marasa ma'ana
A wannan lokacin, samun damar yin amfani da waɗannan fasahohin ya zama kayan aiki na asali don sauƙaƙe aikin haƙƙin dimokiradiyya (e-dimokiradiyya) da kula da 'yan ƙasa, ilimi, 'yancin yin tunani da faɗar albarkacin baki, samun damar yin amfani da bayanai da sabis na jama'a akan layi, 'yancin yin sadarwa tare da gwamnati ta hanyar lantarki da nuna gaskiya na gudanarwa, da sauransu. Wannan ya haɗa da ainihin haƙƙin samun damar yin amfani da waɗannan fasahohin, musamman, haƙƙin shiga Intanet ko Gidan Yanar Gizo na Duniya."
Yarjejeniyar Hakkokin Intanet na APC
Kungiyar Sadarwa ta Progressive Communications (APC) ce ta kafa Yarjejeniya Ta Intanet na APC a taron ‘yancin Intanet na APC Turai, wanda aka gudanar a Prague, Fabrairu 2001. Yarjejeniya ta zana kan Yarjejeniya ta Sadarwa ta Jama'a kuma ta samar da jigogi bakwai: hanyar intanet ga kowa; 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya ; samun damar ilimi, ilmantarwa da ƙirƙira - software da ci gaban fasaha kyauta kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe ; keɓantawa, sa ido da ɓoyewa ; mulkin intanet; wayar da kan jama'a, kariya da tabbatar da haqqoqi. APC ta bayyana cewa "Ikon musayar bayanai da sadarwa cikin 'yanci ta hanyar amfani da intanet yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen tabbatar da hakkin dan Adam kamar yadda yake kunshe a cikin sanarwar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin dan adam, yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan farar hula. da ‘Yancin Siyasa da Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau’in nuna wariya ga mata ”.
Taron Duniya akan Ƙungiyar Watsa Labarai (WSIS)
A cikin Disamba 2003 an kira taron koli na Duniya kan Watsa Labarai (WSIS) a ƙarƙashin inuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN). Bayan doguwar tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnatoci, 'yan kasuwa da wakilan ƙungiyoyin jama'a an amince da sanarwar ka'idodin WSIS tana mai tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam : "Muna sake tabbatar da kasancewar duniya, rashin rarrabawa, dogaro da juna da alaƙar duk haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da yancin ɗan adam, gami da haƙƙin ci gaba, kamar yadda aka tanada a cikin sanarwar Vienna . Muna kuma tabbatar da cewa dimokuradiyya, dawwamammen ci gaba, da mutunta haƙƙin ɗan adam da yancin ɗan adam gami da kyakkyawan shugabanci a kowane mataki na dogara ne da juna kuma suna ƙarfafa juna. Mun ƙara ƙudiri aniyar ƙarfafa bin doka a cikin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar yadda yake a cikin lamuran ƙasa."Sanarwar ta WSIS ta kuma yi ƙayyadaddun nuni ga mahimmancin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a cikin " Ƙungiyar Watsa Labarai " a cikin cewa: "Mun sake tabbatarwa, a matsayin muhimmin tushe na Ƙungiyar Watsa Labarai, kuma kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Mataki na ashirin da 19 na Yarjejeniya ta Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, cewa kowa yana da 'yancin yin ra'ayi da ra'ayi; cewa wannan haƙƙin ya haɗa da 'yancin yin ra'ayi ba tare da tsangwama ba da neman, karɓa da ba da bayanai da ra'ayoyi ta kowace kafofin watsa labaru ba tare da la'akari da iyaka ba. Sadarwa muhimmin tsari ne na zamantakewa, buƙatun ɗan adam na asali da kuma tushen duk ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa. Yana da tsakiya ga Information Society. Kowane mutum, a ko'ina ya kamata ya sami damar shiga kuma kada a ware kowa daga fa'idodin da Ƙungiyoyin Watsa Labarai ke bayarwa."Sanarwar ka'idojin WSIS ta 2004 ta kuma yarda cewa "ya zama dole a hana amfani da albarkatun bayanai da fasahohi don dalilai na laifi da ta'addanci, tare da mutunta 'yancin ɗan adam". Wolfgang Benedek yayi tsokaci cewa sanarwar ta WSIS ta ƙunshi nassoshi da dama ne kawai game da haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma baya fayyace wata hanya ko hanya don tabbatar da cewa ana la'akari da haƙƙin ɗan adam a aikace.
Dokar Haƙƙin Intanet da Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin Intanet da Ka'idodin Intanet
Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai don Ƙididdigar Haƙƙin Intanet ta gudanar da babban taron tattaunawa na shirye-shirye kan Haƙƙin Intanet a Roma, Satumba 2007 kuma ya gabatar da ra'ayoyinsa a Dandalin Gudanar da Gudanar da Intanet (IGF) a Rio a cikin Nuwamba 2007 wanda ya haifar da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa kan haƙƙin intanet. A IGF a Hyderabad a cikin 2008 haɗin kai tsakanin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Haƙƙin Dan Adam don Intanet da Ƙa'idodin Intanet sun bar Ƙungiyar Ƙarfafa Haƙƙin Intanet da Ka'idodin Intanet, wanda ya dogara da Yarjejeniya ta Intanet na APC da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya na Dan Adam. Hakkoki sun bayyana Yarjejeniya ta Hakkokin Dan Adam da Ka'idoji don Intanet da aka gabatar a IGF a Vilnius a cikin 2010, wanda tun daga lokacin aka fassara shi zuwa yaruka da yawa.
Ƙaddamarwar hanyar sadarwa ta Duniya
A ranar 29 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta, 2008, an kafa Global Network Initiative (GNI) akan "Ka'idojin 'Yancin Magana da Keɓantawa". An ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da shirin ne a cikin shekaru 60 na Cikar Ƙirar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) kuma ta dogara ne akan dokoki da ƙa'idodi na duniya da aka amince da su akan ' yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da keɓantawa da aka tsara a cikin UDHR, Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Jama'a da Siyasa Hakkoki (ICCPR) da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan Haƙƙin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu (ICESCR). Mahalarta cikin Ƙaddamarwa sun haɗa da Gidauniyar Wutar Lantarki, Human Rights Watch, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, wasu manyan kamfanoni, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kare hakkin bil'adama, masu zuba jari, da malaman ilimi.
A cewar rahotanni an gayyaci Cisco Systems zuwa tattaunawar farko amma ba ta shiga cikin shirin ba. Harrington Investments, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa Cisco ta kafa hukumar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, ta yi watsi da GNI a matsayin ka'idar ɗabi'a ta son rai da ke da tasiri. Babban jami'in gudanarwa John Harrington ya kira GNI "hayaniyar da ba ta da ma'ana" a maimakon haka ya yi kira da a bullo da dokokin da ke tilasta wa shuwagabannin zartarwa su amince da hakkin dan Adam.
Kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a ta Sashen Duniya na BBC
Wani zaɓe na manya 27,973 a cikin kasashe 26, ciki har da masu amfani da Intanet guda 14,306, an gudanar da shi ga Sashen Duniya na BBC ta kamfanin zabe na kasa da kasa GlobeScan ta hanyar yin amfani da wayar tarho da ta kai tsaye tsakanin 30 ga Nuwamba 2009 da 7 ga Fabrairun shekara ta 2010. Shugaban GlobeScan Doug Miller ya ji, gabaɗaya, cewa ƙuri'ar ta nuna cewa:
Sakamakon zaben ya hada da: