cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Zdenka Fantlová
Tarihin Rayuwar ta
Fantlová vistades en tid i Sverige där hon fick vård och återhämtning i Röda korsets regi. Hon emigrerade 1949 till Australien där hon verkade som skådespelare, och flyttade 1969 till London. Hon kom att under många år besöka skolor och andra organisationer och berätta om sina upplevelser av nazisternas övergrepp under andra världskriget.
Aisha Nakiyemba
Aisha Nakiyemba (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu 1993) yar wasan badminton ce ta kasar Uganda. Ta fafata a gasar Commonwealth ta shekarar 2018 a Gold Coast. Ita ce ta lashe lambar tagulla sau biyu na mata a gasar wasannin Afirka ta 2019 tare da Gladys Mbabazi.
Nakiyemba ta yi karatu a fannin ilimin harkokin kasuwanci a Jami'ar Ndejje, kuma tana aiki a kulob din Kampala.
Wasannin Afirka
Women's doubles
BWF International Challenge/Series (4 runners-up)
Women's singles
Women's doubles
Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya
Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya ( Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme  ; FIDH ) Tarayya ce mai zaman kanta ta kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam. An kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 1922, FIDH ita ce ta biyu mafi tsufa ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya bayan Anti-Slavery International. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, kungiyar ta kunshi kungiyoyi membobi 184 ciki har da Ligue des droits de l'homme a cikin kasashe sama da 100.
FIDH bata da bangaranci, bashi da tsari, kuma yana da 'yanci ga ko wacce gwamnati. Babban aikin ta shine inganta girmama dukkan haƙƙoƙin da aka bayyana a cikin sanarwar Universalan Adam na Duniya, Yarjejeniyar onasa ta Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa, da Yarjejeniyar Internationalasa ta Duniya game da' Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu.
Bayani
FIDH kuma tana "tuntuɓar yau da kullun" tare da Tarayyar Turai, Organizationungiyar Tsaro da Hadin Kai a Turai (OSCE), ofungiyar Amurka, Developmentungiyar Ci gaban Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya, Tradeungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya, Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, Bankin Duniya, da Organizationungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi aiki da Ci gaba.
Umurnin FIDH "shi ne bayar da gudummawa wajen mutunta dukkan haƙƙoƙin da aka ayyana a cikin sanarwar hakkokin Adam na Duniya." Yana da nufin samar da " ingantaccen kariya ga wadanda abin ya shafa, rigakafin take hakkin Dan-Adam da kuma hukuncin wadanda suka aikata su." Abubuwan da suka fifita sune aka kafa ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Duniya da Hukumar ta Duniya (mambobi 22) tare da goyon bayan sakatariyar ta ta Duniya (mambobi 45).
Kudade
Jimlar kudin shiga na FIDH a shekarar 2012 ya kasance € 5,362,268 (kusan dalar Amurka $ 7.1m), wanda kusan kashi 80% ya fito daga "tallafi da gudummawa". FIDH tana fitar da bayanan kudi na shekara-shekara a shafinta na intanet.
Abubuwan fifiko
Don kare masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, FIDH da Worldungiyar kuungiyar yaƙi da Azabtarwa ta Duniya (OMCT) sun ƙirƙiri kungiyar Kula da Kare Hakkokin 'Yan Adam. Matsayinta shi ne kafa hujjoji, faɗakar da al'ummomin duniya, yin tattaunawa tare da hukumomin ƙasa da haɓaka ƙarfafa hanyoyin don kare masu kare haƙƙin bil'adama a matakan ƙasa, yanki da na duniya.
Nuna bambanci da cin zarafin mata har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a jihohi da yawa. FIDH na kokarin kawar da wariya, saukaka wa mata damar yin adalci, da kuma yaki da hukunci ga masu aikata laifukan lalata da aka aikata yayin rikici.
Amurka ta tsawwala stricter controls a kan mutane ta ƙungiyoyi an rage ma'aikata muhajirai zuwa mere kasuwanci kaya, da barin su m ga amfani. FIDH Investigates da take hakkin  'yan gudun hijiran hakkin daga kasar na asalin da ƙasar manufa, masu bayar da shawarwarin domin majalisu da kuma sake fasalin harkokin, da kuma litigates kawo cin zarafin da keta zuwa adalci.
A watan Yunin shekarata 2013, FIDH ta ba da taimako na shari'a ga wasu biyu da suka tsira daga jirgin 'hagu don mutuwa': 'Yan ci-rani 72 daga Saharar Afirka sun bar Libya a shekarata 2011 a cikin karamin kwale-kwale, sun rasa mai kuma sun tashi "tsawon makonni biyu tare daya na hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su a duniya ". An gabatar da korafi - tare da FIDH da wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu uku a matsayin jam’iyyun farar hula — a kan sojojin Faransa da na Spain saboda gazawar ‘taimakawa mutane cikin hadari’.
FIDH na neman karfafa tsarin shari'a mai zaman kanta da kuma tallafawa matakan adalci na rikon kwarya wadanda ke mutunta hakkin wadanda aka zalunta Lokacin da komawa ga magungunan ƙasa ba shi da tasiri ko ba zai yiwu ba, FIDH yana taimaka wa waɗanda abin ya shafa ko dai su sami damar zuwa kotuna a wasu ƙasashe ta hanyar ikon mallakar ƙasashen waje, ko kuma gabatar da ƙararrakinsu zuwa Kotun Laifuka ta Duniya (ICC) ko kotunan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam na yanki. FIDH tana shiga cikin ƙarfafa waɗannan hanyoyin yanki da na duniya. Cimma kawar da hukuncin kisa a da kuma tabbatar da ‘yancin yin shari’ar gaskiya, gami da yaki da ta’addanci, su ma makasudin FIDH ne.
FIDH tana amsa buƙatun daga ƙungiyoyi membobinsu a lokacin rikici ko rikice-rikicen siyasa da cikin ƙasashe masu ruɗaɗɗu. Tana gudanar da bincike-bincike na gaskiya a cikin fagen kuma tattaro al'ummomin duniya ta hanyar kungiyoyin ƙasa da na yanki, ƙasashe na uku da sauran masu tasiri.
Ayyuka
Wadannan ayyukan, gami da binciken gaskiya da ayyukan lura da gwaji, bincike, bayar da shawarwari da kararraki, kwararrun masu rajin kare hakkin dan adam ne daga dukkan yankuna ke aiwatar da su. A cikin shekarata 1927, FIDH ta gabatar da "Sanarwar Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam", sannan Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya. A shekarar 1936, FIDH ta amince da karin sanarwa ciki har da hakkin uwaye, yara da tsofaffi, ' yancin yin aiki da walwala ,' yancin hutu da ' yancin neman ilimi. Tsakanin shekara ta 2009 zuwa 2012, an saki 576 masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma shari'ar da aka yiwa masu kare ta 116 ta ƙare.
FIDH tana ba da jagoranci da tallafi ga ƙungiyoyin membobinta da sauran abokan haɗin gwiwa na cikin hulɗar su da ƙungiyoyin gwamnatocin ƙasashe da na yanki (IGOs). FIDH ta kafa wakilai a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva da New York, a Tarayyar Turai a Brussels sannan, tun daga 2006, a Kungiyar Hadin kan Kasashen Larabawa a Alkahira. Daga shekarata 2004 zuwa shekarata 2005, FIDH sun gabatar da tallafi sama da shari'u 500 gaban IGOs na duniya. FIDH tana shiga cikin tsarin daidaitaccen tsari kuma yana haɓaka kafa hanyoyin sa ido.
FIDH, tare da mambobinta da kawayenta, suna aiwatar da shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa a matakin kasa, da nufin karfafa karfin kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam. FIDH tana ba da horo da taimako a samar da dama don tattaunawa da hukumomi. Daga shekarata 2004 zuwa shekarata 2005, FIDH sun gudanar da irin wadannan shirye-shiryen a kasashe 32 na Afirka, 16 a Latin Amurka, 3 a Asiya da 10 a Arewacin Afirka / yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.
FIDH tana jawo hankalin jama'a game da sakamakon ayyukanta, sakamakon bincikenta da kuma bayanan shaidun gani da ido na take hakkin dan adam, ta hanyar sakin labarai, taron manema labarai, bude wasiku, rahotannin manufa, kira na gaggawa, koke-koke da shafin yanar gizo na FIDH (a Turanci, Faransanci, Mutanen Espanya, Rashanci, Larabci, Farisanci da Baturke ). A cikin shekarata 2005, zirga-zirgar intanet akan www.fidh.org sun kai kimanin shafuka miliyan 2 da aka ziyarta, kuma an lissafa nassoshi 400 zuwa FIDH a kowace rana akan shafukan yanar gizo da ke cikin ƙasashe sama da 100.
Tsarin
FIDH tana da cibiyarsa a Faris. Ya dogara da farko a kan ɗakunan sadaukar da kai na sadaukarwa. Tsarin kungiya ya kunshi zababbun kwamitocin da karamar kungiyar ma'aikata na dindindin wadanda ke tallafawa ayyukan mambobin kwamitin da wakilan manufa.
Kowace shekara uku, Majalisar FIDH tana tattara ƙungiyoyin membobin don zaɓar Hukumar Internationalasa ta Duniya, gyara abubuwan da suka fi fifiko a cikin ƙungiyar da yanke shawara kan ba da mambobi ga sabbin abokan hulɗa ko kuma keɓe ƙungiyoyin membobin waɗanda ba su sake biyan buƙatunta.
Sakatariyar ta duniya tana zaune ne a Paris, tare da wakilai zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva da New York City, zuwa Tarayyar Turai a Brussels, zuwa Kotun Laifuka ta Duniya da ke Hague, da Tarayyar Afirka a Nairobi da kuma Asean a Bangkok. Hakanan tana da ofisoshin yanki a Abidjan, Bamako, Alkahira, Conakry da Tunis. Yana aiwatar da shawarar da Internationalasashen Duniya da Hukumomin zartarwa suka yanke kuma yana tabbatar da tallafi na yau da kullun ga ƙungiyoyin membobin. Sakatariyar tana daukar ma'aikata na dindindin 45, waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyar da masu sa kai suka taimaka.
Kungiyar Shirye-Shirye Cigaba Ta Duniya
Kungiyar Shirye-shirye Cigaba Ta Duniya (IPO) ne a Vienna na tushen tunani tank tafiyad da duniyar al'amura. A matsayinta na ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa da ƙasa (NGO) tana jin daɗin kasancewa tare da shawarwari tare da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma tana da alaƙa da Sashin Ba da Bayani na Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Aikin kungiyar tana da niyyar inganta zaman lafiya cikin dukkan ƙasashe, musamman tattaunawa tsakanin wayewa; tsarin tattalin arzikin duniya na adalci; girmama duniya ga 'yancin ɗan adam ; da kuma na kasa da kasa bin doka da oda. IPO tana da membobi a cikin sama da kasashe 70 a duk nahiyoyi kuma tana shirya taro da tarurruka na kwararru kan batutuwan sasanta rikice-rikice, tattaunawar wayewa, dokar kasa da kasa, da sake fasalin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Kungiyar tana buga jerin Nazari a cikin alaƙar ƙasa da ƙasa (tun daga 1978) da kuma takaddara ɗaya a fagen ka'idar dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa.
Shugaban IPO shine Dr. Hans Köchler, Shugaban Sashen Falsafa a Jami'ar Innsbruck, Austria. An kafa kungiyar a Innsbruck (Ostiraliya) a cikin shekarata 1972 ta ƙungiyar ɗalibai daga Austria, Misira da Indiya waɗanda suka ji buƙatar sabuwar hanya don alaƙar Arewa da Kudu da haɗin gwiwar ci gaba. Daga cikin masu goyon bayan kungiyar na asali akwai shugaban kasar Austriya na wancan lokacin Rudolf Kirchschläger, da shugaban kasar Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor, da shugaban Indiya Gyani Zail Singh.
Ayyuka
Tun daga shekarata 1974 IPO suka shirya jerin laccoci da taro kan al'adun al'adu na kasa da kasa (Amman 1974; Innsbruck 1974; Vienna 1979; Rome 1981; Nicosia 1984); wadannan ayyukan sun gabaci zancen duniya na yanzu game da tattaunawar wayewar kai wanda IPO ta shiga ta hanyar shirya taron kwararru a Turai da kasashen musulmai. A cikin shekarar 1987 IPO ya fara (tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Nobel Laureate Seán MacBride ) Rokon Lauyoyi game da Yakin Nukiliya wanda ya haifar da yakin neman gama gari na duniya don zartar da Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke neman Ra'ayin Shawara daga Kotun Duniya ta Adalci (ICJ) kan batun halaccin mallakar makaman nukiliya. A watan Satumbar shekarata 1991 IPO ta kira Taron Kasa da Kasa na Biyu Akan A More Democratic United Nations ( CAMDUN-2 ) a Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Vienna. A cikin shekarata 2000 Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya zabi wasu jami'ai biyu na kungiyar a matsayin masu sanya ido na kasa da kasa a shari'ar Lockerbie a Netherlands (duba kuma: Pan Am Flight 103 da Hans Köchler's Loverbie observer mission ) Tun daga shekarar 1985, kungiyar IPO ke ta kiraye-kirayen ganin an kafa demokradiyya a kungiyar ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, musamman Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar. Tun daga shekarar 1987, kungiyar ke tunkarar matsalar ta'addanci a duniya, inda take bayar da shawarar a maimaita fassarar ta'addanci game da Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. An tsara dukkanin shawarwari da shawarwari a cikin taron taron IPO. Baya ga shirya laccoci da taron duniya, IPO ta aiwatar da (tun 1980) ayyukan sa ido a fagen haƙƙin ɗan adam da bin doka.
Hashim Aman
Hashim bin Aman (1 ga Satumba 1929 - 21 ga Mayu 2018) ya kasance ma'aikacin gwamnati na Malaysia wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatare na 7 ga Gwamnatin Malaysia daga 1982 zuwa 1984.
Ayyuka
Hashim ya yi aiki a bangaren gwamnati na tsawon shekaru 27, a cikin sassan gwamnati da hukumomi daban-daban, ciki har da Sakatare Janar na Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ma'aikatu ta Tsaro, da kuma Darakta Janar na Sakatare janar na Ma-aikatar kafin a nada shi a matsayin Sakatare Jeneraal daga 1982 zuwa 1984.
Yin ritaya
Hashim Aman ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1984 kuma an gudanar da bikin ban kwana a Banquet Hall, House of Parliament, Kuala Lumpur a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1984 tare da kasancewar Firayim Minista Mahathir Mohamad na musamman. Bayan ya yi ritaya, an nada Hashim a matsayin shugaban PERNAS.
Mutuwa
Hashim Aman ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2018 yayin da yake karbar magani a asibitin Kuala Lumpur, yana da shekaru 89. An gudanar da addu'o'in jana'izarsa a masallacin Saidina Umar al-Khattab a Bukit Damansara kuma an kwantar da shi a Kabari na Musulmi na Bukit Kiara a Kuala Lumpur bayan addu'o-rikicen Asar.
Heinrich Isaacks
Heinrich "Heini" Isaacks (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Maris 1985) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Namibia wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Maritzburg United a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ko kuma ɗan wasan gaba. Ya buga wa Namibia wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2014.
Ya taba buga wasa a kulob ɗin Civics FC da SønderjyskE.
Elvis Presley
Elvis Aaron Presley (Janairu 8, 1935 - Agusta 16, 1977), ko kuma kawai Elvis, mawaƙi ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke. An yi masa lakabi da "Sarkin Rock and Roll", ana masa kallon daya daga cikin manyan al'adun gargajiya na karni na 20. Fassarar kuzarinsa na waƙoƙi da salon wasan motsa jiki haɗe tare da tasirin tasirin guda ɗaya a cikin layukan launi yayin lokacin canji a cikin dangantakar tsere, ya kai shi ga babban nasara ta farko.
A cikin Nuwamba 1956, Presley ya fara fitowa a fim a Love Me Tender. An zana shi cikin aikin soja a cikin 1958, Presley ya sake buɗe aikinsa na rikodi shekaru biyu bayan haka tare da wasu ayyukan da ya yi nasara na kasuwanci. Ya gudanar da kide-kide kadan, duk da haka, kuma Parker ya jagoranta, ya ci gaba da ba da mafi yawan shekarun 1960 don yin fina-finai na Hollywood da kundi na sauti, mafi yawansu abin ba'a ne. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun fina-finansa sun haɗa da Jailhouse Rock (1957), Blue Hawaii (1961), da Viva Las Vegas (1964). A cikin 1968, bayan hutu na shekaru bakwai daga wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa, ya koma mataki a cikin gidan talabijin na musamman na Elvis mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya haifar da tsawaita wurin zama na kide-kide na Las Vegas da jerin balaguron fa'ida. A cikin 1973, Presley ya ba da kide-kide na farko ta wani mawakin solo don watsa shirye-shirye a duniya, Aloha daga Hawaii. Shekaru da yawa na shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma halayen cin abinci mara kyau sun yi mummunar illa ga lafiyarsa, kuma ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a cikin 1977 a gidansa na Graceland yana da shekaru 42.
Bayan sayar da fiye da miliyan 500 rikodin a duk duniya, Presley an gane shi a matsayin mafi kyawun siyar da kiɗan solo na kowane lokaci ta Guinness World Records . Ya kasance mai nasara ta kasuwanci a nau'o'i da yawa, ciki har da pop, ƙasa, rhythm & amp; blues, babba na zamani, da bishara. Presley ya lashe lambar yabo ta Grammy guda uku, ya karɓi lambar yabo ta Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award yana da shekaru 36, kuma an shigar da shi cikin ɗakunan kiɗa da yawa na shahara. Yana riƙe da bayanai da yawa, ciki har da mafi yawan RIAA ƙwararrun zinare da albam ɗin platinum, mafi yawan kundin da aka tsara akan <i id="mwUw">Billboard</i> 200, mafi yawan kundi guda ɗaya ta wani mawaƙin solo akan Chart Albums na UK, da kuma mafi yawan adadin-daya ta kowane aiki. akan Chart Singles UK. A cikin 2018, an ba Presley lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa na 'Yanci.
Yarinta a Tupelo
An haifi Elvis Aaron Presley a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1935, a Tupelo, Mississippi, zuwa Vernon Elvis (Afrilu 10, 1916 - Yuni 26, 1979) da Gladys Love (née Smith; Afrilu 25, 1912-Agusta 14, 1958) Presley a cikin gidan bindiga mai daki biyu wanda mahaifinsa ya gina don bikin. Elvis's tagwaye iri ɗaya, Jesse Garon Presley, an ba da minti 35 a gabansa, haifaffen. Presley ya kasance kusa da iyayen biyu kuma ya kulla dangantaka ta musamman da mahaifiyarsa. Iyalin sun halarci cocin Majalisar Allah, inda ya sami wahayinsa na farko na kiɗa. Mahaifin Presley, Vernon, ɗan Jamus ne, asalin Scotland da Ingilishi. Ya kasance zuriyar dangin Harrison na Virginia ta wurin kakansa Tunis Hood. Mahaifiyar Presley, Gladys, Scots-Irish ce tare da wasu zuriyar Norman ta Faransa. Mahaifiyarsa da sauran dangin sun yi imanin cewa kakar kakarta, Morning Dove White, ita ce Cherokee. Jikan Elvis Riley Keough ya sake maimaita wannan imani a cikin 2017. Elaine Dundy, a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, yana goyan bayan imani.
Vernon ya ƙaura daga aiki mara kyau zuwa na gaba, yana nuna ɗan buri. Iyalin sukan dogara da taimako daga makwabta da taimakon abinci na gwamnati. A cikin 1938, sun rasa gidansu bayan an sami Vernon da laifin canza rajistan da mai gidansa da kuma wani ma'aikaci ya rubuta. An daure shi na tsawon watanni takwas, yayin da Gladys da Elvis suka koma tare da dangi.
A watan Satumba 1941, Presley ya shiga aji na farko a Gabashin Tupelo Consolidated, inda malamansa suka dauke shi a matsayin "matsakaici". An ƙarfafa shi ya shiga gasar waƙa bayan ya burge malamin makarantarsa tare da fassarar waƙar ƙasar Red Foley "Old Shep" a lokacin sallar asuba. Gasar, da aka gudanar a Mississipi–Alabama Fair da Nunin Kiwo a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1945, ita ce wasansa na farko na jama'a. Presley mai shekaru goma ta tsaya kan kujera don isa makirufo ta rera "Old Shep". Ya tuna sanya na biyar. Bayan 'yan watanni, Presley ya karbi guitar ta farko don ranar haihuwarsa; ya yi begen wani abu dabam-ta lissafin daban-daban, ko dai keke ko bindiga. Presley ya tuna, "Na ɗauki guitar, kuma ina kallon mutane, kuma na koyi wasa kadan. Amma ba zan taɓa yin waƙa a cikin jama'a ba. Na ji kunya sosai game da shi." A cikin Satumba 1946, Presley ya shiga sabuwar makaranta, Milam, don aji shida; an dauke shi a matsayin shi kadai. A shekara mai zuwa, ya fara kawo guitar ɗinsa zuwa makaranta a kullum. Ya yi wasa da rera waƙa a lokacin cin abinci, kuma sau da yawa ana yi masa ba'a a matsayin ɗan "shara" mai kunna kiɗan tudu. A lokacin, dangin suna zaune ne a unguwar da baƙar fata. Presley ya kasance mai sadaukarwa ga wasan kwaikwayon Mississippi Slim a gidan rediyon Tupelo WELO. An bayyana shi a matsayin "mai hauka game da kiɗa" ta kanin Slim, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin abokan karatun Presley kuma sau da yawa yakan kai shi tashar. Slim ya kara wa Presley koyarwar gitar ta hanyar nuna fasahohin kida. Lokacin da abokinsa ya kasance ɗan shekara goma sha biyu, Slim ya tsara shi don wasanni biyu na kan iska. An shawo kan Presley da fargabar mataki a karon farko, amma ya yi nasarar yin wasan mako mai zuwa.
Isaskar Gurirab
Isaskar Gurirab (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Maris 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Namibia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Orapa United fc.
Aikin kulob
An haife shi a Uis a yankin Erongo, Gurirab ya kasance masoyin kulob ɗin Orlando Pirates ne. Bayan samun gwajin da bai yi nasara ba tare da kulob din, ya koma kulob ɗin Golden Bees FC daga Outjo kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Life Fighters. Gurirab ya sami lambar yabo ta MVP da Golden Boot a gasar Premier Namibia na kakar 2018-19 bayan ya zira kwallaye 22 a wasanni 24 na Life Fighters. Kulob dinsa Life Fighters ya kare a matsayi na biyar a gasar a lokacin da Gurirab ya fara buga wasa a gasar. Bayan kakar wasa, Gurirab ya shiga shari'a tare da Difa' Hassani El Jadidi na Botola na Morocco. Duk da haka, ya samu karamin rauni. A shekara mai zuwa daga ƙarshe ya koma Orlando Pirates a farkon kakar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Namibia. Gurirab ya fara jagorantar gasar cin kwallo a raga yayin da ya zura kwallaye takwas jim kadan a kakar wasa ta bana, ciki har da kwallaye biyar a wasanni biyun farko na gasar.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Gurirab ya fara wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu 2019 a gasar cin kofin COSAFA na 2019 a Malawi. Bayan kwana biyu ya zura manyan kwallayen sa na farko a duniya a ci 3-0 akan Seychelles.
Ajuran Sultanate
Ajuran Sultanate (Somali, سلطنة الأجورانية), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Ajuuraan, kuma sau da yawa a na cewa Ajuran kawai,  ta kasance daular Somaliya a tsakiyar zamanai (middle ages) a cikin Horn of Africa wacce ta mamaye kasuwancin arewacin tekun Indiya. Sun kasance na Sarkin Musulmin Somaliya  wanda ya yi mulki a manyan sassan Horn of Afirka a tsakiyar zamanai. Ta hanyar gwamnatin tsakiya mai karfi da kuma matsananciyar soji ga mahara, daular Ajuran ta yi nasarar kalubalantar mamayar Oromo daga yamma da kuma kutsen Portuguese daga gabas a lokacin Gaal Madow da yakin Ajuran-Portuguese. Hanyoyin kasuwanci da suka samo asali daga zamanin da da na farko na kasuwancin teku na Somaliya sun ƙarfafasu ko sake kafa su, kuma kasuwancin ciki da kasuwancin waje a lardunan bakin teku sun bunƙasa tare da jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya da kuma fitowa daga yawancin masarautu da dauloli a Gabashin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya, Turai., Gabas Kusa, da Arewacin Afirka da Gabashin Afirka.
Daular ta bar gadon gine-gine mai yawa, kasancewarta ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashen Somaliyawa na tsaka-tsakin da ginin katakai da kagara. Da yawa daga cikin rugujewar katangar da ke kewayen kudancin Somaliya a yau ana danganta su ga injiniyoyin Daular Ajuran, da suka haɗa da ginshiƙan  kaburbura, ƙauyuka da rusassun biranen da aka gina a wancan zamanin. A lokacin Ajuran, yankuna da jama'a da dama a kudancin yankin Horn of Afirka sun musulunta saboda tsarin mulki. Gidan sarauta, Gidan Garen, ya faɗaɗa yankunansa kuma ya kafa tsarin mulkinsa ta hanyar haɗe-haɗe na yaƙi, haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci da ƙawance.
A karni na goma sha biyar, alal misali, daular Ajuran ita ce kawai daular hydraulic a Afirka. A matsayinta na hydraulic empire, jihar Ajuran ta mamaye albarkatun ruwan kogin Shebelle da Jubba. Ta hanyar injiniyan ruwa, ya gina da yawa daga cikin rijiyoyin farar ƙasa da rijiyoyin jihar waɗanda har yanzu ake amfani da su. Masu mulkin sun kirkiro sabbin tsare-tsare na noma da haraji, wadanda aka ci gaba da amfani da su a sassan yankin Horn of Afirka har zuwa karni na 19. Mulkin sarakunan Ajuran na baya ya haifar da tawaye da yawa a cikin daular, kuma a ƙarshen karni na 17, ƙasar Ajuran ta wargaje zuwa masarautu da jahohi da yawa waɗanda suka gaje su, mafi shaharar ita ce ta Geledi Sultanate.
Location (Wuri)
Fannin tasirin daular Ajuran a yankin Horn of Afirka na daya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin. Daular ta rufe yawancin kudancin Somaliya da gabashin Habasha,  tare da yankinsa ya tashi daga Hobyo a arewa, zuwa Qelafo a yamma, zuwa Kismayo a kudu.
Amy Mbaé Thiam
Amy Mbacké Thiam (an haife ta a ranar 10, ga watan Nuwamba 1976) 'yar wasan Senegal ce da ke fafatawa a cikin tseren mita 400.
Niki Tobi
Niki Tobi, CON (ranar 14 ga watan Yulin 1940 - ranar 19 ga watan Yuin 2016) ya kasance mataimakin alƙalin kotun ƙolin Najeriya. An haifi Tobi ne a garin Esanma dake ƙaramar hukumar Bomadi a jihar Delta a yanzu. Kafin ya fara aiki a benci, ya kasance shugaban tsangayar shari’a kuma mataimakin shugaban jami’ar Maiduguri (academic services). An naɗa shi Kotun Ƙoli a shekarar 2002.
Amy Mbaé Thiam
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ta samu lambobin yabo a gasar cin kofin duniya sau biyu, amma a gasar Olympics ta shekarar 2004 an yi waje da ita a zazzafar yanayi. An fi saninta da lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na shekarar 2001 da aka gudanar a Edmonton, Alberta, Kanada. Da ta 49.86 a wannan nasarar, har yanzu tana rike da tarihin Senegal na kasa.
Niki Tobi
An san shi da ƙwararren shari'a da kuma sanin ƙa'idodin shari'a. Ya rasu a ranar 19 ga watan Yunin 2016.
Margaret Nankabirwa
Margaret Nankabirwa (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli 1987) 'yar wasan badminton ce 'yar ƙasar Uganda.
Sana'a/Aiki
Nankabirwa ta fara wasan badminton ne a shekarar 2008, wanda mahaifiyarta ta samu kwarin gwiwa. A shekarar 2010, ta fafata a gasar Commonwealth da aka yi a birnin New Delhi na kasar Indiya, kuma Alex Bruce na Canada ta doke ta a zagayen farko na gasar cin kofin duniya na mata. A cikin shekarar 2014, ta yi fafatawa a Glasgow, Scotland kuma ta yi nasara a zagayen farko na mata guda, biyu, (women's doubles) da gauraye biyu (mixed doubles).
Gasar Badminton ta Afirka
Women's doubles
BWF International Challenge/Series
Women's singles Women's doubles
Masarautar Bade
Masarautar Bade masarauta ce ta gargajiya wacce ke da hedikwata a Gashua, Jihar Yobe, Najeriya. Alhaji Abubakar Umar Suleiman shi ne Sarkin Bade (Mai Bade) na 11, wanda aka yi masa rawani a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2005.
Masu mulki
Sarakunan Masarautar:
Daular Kitara
Masarautar Banyakitara, wacce aka fi sani da Union of Kitara (Union of Chwezi) ko Chwezi Union, ko wacce aka fi sani da Daular Kitara, daula ce a Gabashin Afirka. Ta wanzu a yankin tun daga farkon bronze age zuwa kusan 500 AZ A lokacin da take kololuwa a karkashin sarakunan Chwezi masu ban mamaki, daular ta ƙunshi Uganda ta zamani, Gabashin Kenya, Gabashin DR Kongo, Ruwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe da Angola.
Tarihi
Dangane da al'adun baka na yammacin Uganda, daular Kitara ta wargaje a cikin ƙarni na 14-15, kuma ta balle zuwa sabbin masarautu masu cin gashin kansu waɗanda zuriyar Chwezi ke mulka waɗanda, ta hanyar baka, ta ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba. Sabbin masarautun sun haɗa da Bunyoro, Tooro, Ankole, Buganda, Busoga a Uganda, Masarautar Ruwanda, Burundi, da Karagwe dake arewacin Tanzaniya da sauran su a gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango. An bayar da rahoton cewa dauloli biyu ne suka yi mulki a Kitara, gumakan Batembuzi da waɗanda suka gaje su sarakunan Bachwezi. Ana tunanin daular Chwezi tana da alaƙa da ɗan Isaza ɗan sarkin Tembuzi Ngonzaki. Ana kyautata zaton Isaza shine shugaban daular Batembuzi na karshe, ya auri Nyamata, diyar Nyamiyonga, “Sarkin duniya”. Wannan ƙungiyar ta haifar da sarki Isimbwa wanda daga baya ya haifi Ndahura a Runyakitara (wanda aka fi sani da Rwanda Ndahiro I Bamara da kuma a Buganda a matsayin Wamala Ndawula), na farko na sarakunan daular Chwezi. Sarki Ngonzaki ɗan Sarki Bada neh. Bada shi ne dan Kakama (Kayima) wanda mahaifinsa Hanga ya sauko daga heaven.
Timeline
Wanda ya gabata:
Wanda ya gaje shi:
Manazarta
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Byron
Byron Wani qaramin qauyene dake jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Stephen Fleming
Stephen Paul Fleming ONZM (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1973) shi ne kocin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na New Zealand kuma tsohon kyaftin din ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa ta New Zealand, wanda shine babban kocin ƙungiyar Chennai Super Kings ta Premier League ta Indiya a yanzu. An dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na tawagar wasan cricket ta New Zealand. Ya lashe 5
An san shi da ƙwarewarsa ta dabarun, shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu na New Zealand da ya fi buga wasan ƙwallaye 111. Har ila yau, shi ne kyaftin din da ya fi dadewa kuma ya fi cin nasara, bayan ya jagoranci kungiyar zuwa nasarori 28 kuma ya lashe jerin gwaje-gwaje a kan Indiya, Ingila, West Indies, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh da Zimbabwe.
Filip Kovačević
Filip Kovačević marubuci ne na Montenegrin, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam, kuma malamin jami'a.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Filip Kovačević a garin Kotor na Montenegrin da ke gabar tekun Adriatic, sannan wani yanki ne na Tarayyar gurguzu ta Yugoslavia. Ya sauke karatu summa cum laude daga Jami'ar Jihar California, Hayward a 1997. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Missouri a Columbia, Missouri yana samun digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a 2002. Ya koyar a Smolny College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, kwalejin zane-zane ta farko a Rasha daga 2003 zuwa 2005. A cikin 2005, ya koma Montenegro kuma shine mutum na farko da ya koyar da ilimin kimiyyar siyasa da ka'idar psychoanalytic a Jami'ar Montenegro kuma ya gudanar da laccoci kan geopolitics da manyan makarantun ka'idarsa. An gayyaci Kovačević don yin lacca a kan ilimin halin dan Adam na zamani da ka'idar zamantakewa mai mahimmanci a jami'o'i a Rasha, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria, Serbia da Amurka. Ya rubuta kasidu na geopolitical da sharhi don bugawa da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital daban-daban.
Masu sharhi da masu suka
Marubuciyar Ba’amurke kuma farfesa a jami’a Ellie Ragland ta bayyana cewa littafin Kovačević na Liberating Oedipus? Psychoanalysis a matsayin Critical Theory yana gabatar da "wani ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa game da ka'idodin 'yanci, farawa da Freud da Marx da kuma tafiya zuwa Alain Badiou . . . Wannan littafi babban aikin yawon shakatawa ne da kuma karatun da ya dace ga duk wanda ya tsunduma cikin nazarin zamani na siyasa da ka'idar mahimmanci . Masanin ilimin zamantakewa na New Zealand Chamsy el-Ojeili ya rubuta cikakken bita na littafin Kovačević don mujallar ilimin zamantakewar zamantakewa Thesis Eleven. Yantar da Oedipus? An kuma ambata a cikin masters da digiri na uku akan ilimin halin dan Adam a matsayin mahimmanci, ka'idar zamantakewa.
Masanin falsafa dan kasar Crotia Lino Veljak ya rubuta cewa binciken Kovačević na ra'ayoyin masanin falsafar Faransa Michel Onfray yana wakiltar "muhimmiyar gudunmawa ga tabbatar da dabi'un wayewa". Har ila yau, wannan binciken ya sake duba shi da kyau daga darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma masanin fasaha Zlatko Paković a cikin jaridar Serbian yau da kullum Danas. Kovačević ya kuma buga wasu littattafai guda uku da dozin na kasidu da labarai. An fassara ayyukansa zuwa Turanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci, Rashanci, Bulgarian, da Baturke. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan marubutan Montenegrin waɗanda za a iya samun aikinsu a cikin ɗakunan karatu na mafi kyawun jami'o'in Amurka.
Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam
Yarjejeniyar Turai akan Haƙƙin Dan Adam ( ECHR ; a hukumance Yarjejeniyar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam da yancin ɗan adam ) yarjejeniya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da yancin siyasa a Turai.
Cabery
Cabery Wani qaramin qauyene dake jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam
An tsara shi a cikin 1950 ta sabuwar Majalisar Turai da aka kafa a lokacin, taron ya fara aiki a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1953. Dukkan kasashe mambobin majalisar Turai suna cikin taron kuma ana sa ran sabbin mambobin za su amince da taron da wuri.
Cahokia
Cahokia Wani qaramin qauyene dake jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam
Yarjejeniyar ta kafa Kotunan Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Turai (wanda aka fi sani da baƙaƙen ECtHR). Duk mutumin da ya ji an tauye masa hakkinsa a karkashin babban taron da wata jam’iyyar jiha ta yi zai iya kai kara a kotu. Hukunce-hukuncen gano cin zarafi na da nasaba da jihohin da abin ya shafa kuma wajibi ne su aiwatar da su. Kwamitin Ministoci na Majalisar Turai na sa ido kan yadda ake aiwatar da hukunce-hukunce, musamman don tabbatar da biyan kudaden da kotun ta bayar ya biya diyya yadda ya kamata ga masu neman wannan barnar da suka yi.
Yarjejeniyar tana da ka'idoji da yawa, waɗanda ke gyara tsarin al'ada.
Yarjejeniyar ta yi tasiri sosai a kan doka a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai kuma ana daukarta a matsayin yarjejeniya ta kasa da kasa mafi inganci don kare hakkin dan adam.
Tarihi
Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓakawa da wayar da kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Turai. Ana iya ganin ci gaban tsarin yanki na kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke aiki a duk faɗin Turai a matsayin martani kai tsaye ga matsalolin tagwaye. Na farko, bayan yakin duniya na biyu, taron, wanda ya yi la'akari da wahayi na Yarjejeniya ta Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam, ana iya ganin shi a matsayin wani bangare na mayar da martani mafi girma daga Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙarfafawa wajen ba da ajandar 'yancin ɗan adam don hana mafi muni. take hakkin dan Adam da ya faru a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga sake faruwa.
Na biyu, taron ya kasance martani ne ga ci gaban Stalinism a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai kuma an tsara shi ne don kare kasashe mambobin Majalisar Turai daga rushewar gurguzu. Wannan, a wani bangare, yana bayyana abubuwan da aka saba da su game da dabi'u da ka'idoji waɗanda " masu zama dole a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya " a duk lokacin babban taron, duk da cewa ba a bayyana irin waɗannan ka'idodin ta kowace hanya a cikin taron kanta ba.
Daga 7 zuwa 10 ga Mayu 1948, 'yan siyasa ciki har da Winston Churchill, François Mitterrand, da Konrad Adenauer ; wakilan jama'a; malamai; shugabannin kasuwanci; 'yan kungiyar kwadago; da shugabannin addinai suka kira taron Majalisar Turai a Hague. A karshen taron, an ba da sanarwa da kuma alƙawarin ƙirƙirar taron. Labari na biyu da na uku na alkawarin sun bayyana cewa: “Muna bukatar Yarjejeniya ta ‘Yancin Dan Adam da ke tabbatar da ‘yancin yin tunani, taro da bayyana ra’ayi da kuma ‘yancin kafa ‘yan adawar siyasa. Muna bukatar kotun shari'a da ta sanya takunkumi mai yawa don aiwatar da wannan Yarjejeniyar."
Majalisar Turai ce ta shirya taron bayan yakin duniya na biyu da Majalisar Hague. Sama da 'yan majalisa 100 daga kasashe mambobi goma sha biyu na Majalisar Turai sun taru a Strasbourg a lokacin rani na 1949 don taron farko na Majalisar Tuntuba ta Majalisar don tsara "yarjejeniya ta 'yancin ɗan adam" da kuma kafa kotu don tilasta shi. Dan majalisar dokokin Burtaniya kuma lauya Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin shari'a da tambayoyin gudanarwa, na daya daga cikin manyan mambobinta kuma ya jagoranci shirya taron, bisa wani daftarin farko da kungiyar Turai ta samar. A matsayinsa na mai gabatar da kara a Kotun Nuremberg, ya ga yadda za a yi amfani da adalci na kasa da kasa yadda ya kamata.￼
Tsohon ministan Faransa kuma dan gwagwarmaya Pierre-Henri Teitgen ya gabatar da rahoto ga Majalisar yana ba da shawarar jerin hakkokin da za a kare, da zabar lamba daga cikin Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya da aka amince da ita kwanan nan a New York, da kuma bayyana yadda tsarin aiwatar da shari'a zai iya aiki. Bayan muhawara mai yawa, Majalisar ta aika da shawararta ta ƙarshe  zuwa ga kwamitin ministocin majalisar, wanda ya kira gungun masana don tsara taron da kansa.
An buɗe taron don sanya hannu a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1950 a Roma. An amince da shi kuma ya fara aiki a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1953. Kotun Turai ta kare hakkin dan Adam da ke Strasbourg da Majalisar Turai ne ke kula da ita da kuma tilasta ta. Har zuwa gyare-gyaren tsari a ƙarshen 1990s, Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam ita ma ta kula da taron.
Zayyana
An tsara wannan yarjejeniya a cikin sharuddan da yawa, a cikin irin wannan (duk da cewa ya fi na zamani) zuwa 1689 Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689, zuwa 1689 Bill of Rights, da 1791 US Bill of Rights, 1789 Faransa Declaration of Rights Mutum da na ɗan ƙasa, ko kuma ɓangaren farko na Babban Dokar Jamus. Maganganun ƙa'ida, ta mahangar shari'a, ba su da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma suna buƙatar fassarori da yawa daga kotuna don fitar da ma'ana a cikin yanayi na gaskiya.
Labaran taro
Kamar yadda Protocol 11 ta gyara, taron ya ƙunshi sassa uku. Babban hakki da yanci suna cikin sashe na I, wanda ya ƙunshi Labari na 2 zuwa 18. Sashi na II (Mataki na 19 zuwa 51) ya kafa kotu da dokokinta na aiki. Sashi na III ya ƙunshi tanadin ƙarewa iri-iri.￼
Yawancin labaran da ke cikin Sashe na I an tsara su a cikin sakin layi biyu: na farko ya tsara wani hakki na asali ko 'yanci (kamar Mataki na 2 (1) - 'yancin rayuwa) amma na biyu ya ƙunshi nau'o'in keɓancewa, keɓancewa ko iyakance akan haƙƙin asali. (kamar Mataki na 2 (2) - wanda ya bambanta da wasu amfani da karfi da ke kai ga mutuwa).
Mataki na 1 - mutunta hakki
Mataki na 1 kawai ya ɗaure ɓangarorin da suka rattaba hannu don tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin ƙarƙashin sauran batutuwan yarjejeniyar "a cikin ikonsu". A cikin yanayi na musamman, "hukunce-hukuncen" ba za a iya keɓe shi ga yankin ƙasar da ke da kwangilar ba; wajibcin tabbatar da haƙƙin haƙƙin al'ada sannan kuma ya shafi yankunan ƙasashen waje, kamar ƙasar da aka mamaye wanda jihar ke aiwatar da ingantaccen iko.￼
A Loizidou da Turkiyya, Kotun Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Turai ta yanke hukuncin cewa ikon kasashe mambobin kungiyar ya fadada zuwa yankunan da ke karkashin ikon wannan jiha sakamakon matakin soja.
Mataki na 2 - rayuwa
Mataki na biyu ya kare hakkin kowane mutum na rayuwarsa. Haƙƙin rayuwa ya shafi mutane ne kawai, ba ga dabbobi ba, ko ga “masu shari’a” kamar kamfanoni. A Evans da United Kingdom, kotu ta yanke hukuncin cewa ko ’yancin yin rayuwa ya shafi jinjirin ɗan adam ya faɗo a cikin wani yanki na godiya. A cikin Vo v Faransa, kotu ta ki ba da damar yin rayuwa ga jaririn da ba a haifa ba, yayin da yake bayyana cewa "ba kyawawa ba ne, kuma ba zai yiwu ba kamar yadda al'amura suka tsaya, a amsa a cikin m tambayar ko yaron da aka haifa shi ne. mutum don manufar sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniyar”.
Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa jihohi suna da manyan ayyuka uku a karkashin doka ta 2:
Sakin layi na farko na labarin ya ƙunshi keɓantacce don hukuncin kisa na halal, kodayake wannan keɓancewar an maye gurbinsa da ladabi na 6 da 13. Yarjejeniya ta 6 ta hana sanya hukuncin kisa a lokacin zaman lafiya, yayin da yarjejeniya ta 13 ta tsawaita haramcin ga kowane yanayi. (Don ƙarin akan ladabi 6 da 13, duba ƙasa ).
Sakin layi na biyu na Mataki na biyu ya tanadi cewa mutuwar da aka samu ta hanyar kare kai ko wasu, kama wanda ake zargi ko wanda ya gudu, ko murkushe tarzoma ko tada kayar baya, ba za ta ci karo da labarin ba yayin da amfani da karfin da abin ya shafa bai wuce wajabta ba.
Kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar za su iya yin watsi da hakkokin da ke kunshe a cikin Mataki na 2 na mace-macen da ke faruwa a sakamakon halaltaccen yaki.
Kotun Turai ta kare hakkin dan Adam ba ta yanke hukunci game da 'yancin rayuwa har zuwa 1995, lokacin da a McCann da Sauransu v United Kingdom ta yanke hukuncin cewa banda abin da ke cikin sakin layi na biyu ba ya zama yanayi lokacin da aka ba shi izinin kisa, amma yanayin da aka ba da izinin yin amfani da karfi wanda zai iya haifar da rashi na rayuwa.
Mataki na 3 - azabtarwa
Mataki na 3 ya haramta azabtarwa da "cin mutunci ko wulakanci ko hukunci". Babu keɓantacce ko iyakance akan wannan haƙƙin. Wannan tanadin yakan shafi, baya ga azabtarwa, ga shari'o'in mummunan tashin hankalin 'yan sanda da rashin kyawun yanayin tsarewa.
Kotun ta nanata ainihin yanayin sashe na 3 da ke tabbatar da cewa an yi haramcin ne a cikin “cikakkiyar sharuddan ... ba tare da la'akari da halin wanda aka azabtar ba"
Kotun ta kuma ce jihohi ba za su iya korar ko mika wasu mutanen da za a iya azabtarwa, cin zarafi ko azabtarwa ba, a cikin jihar da aka samu.
Shari'ar farko don bincika Mataki na 3 shine shari'ar Girkanci, wanda ya kafa misali mai tasiri. A cikin Ireland v. Ƙasar Ingila (1979-1980) Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa dabaru guda biyar da Burtaniya ta ɓullo da su ( tsaye bango, rufe fuska, biyayya ga hayaniya, hana barci, da hana abinci da abin sha ), kamar yadda aka yi amfani da su a kan fursunoni goma sha huɗu a Arewacin Ireland. ta Burtaniya sun kasance "marasa mutunci da wulakanci" kuma sun keta yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'yancin ɗan adam, amma ba ta kai ga "azabtarwa ba".
A Aksoy v. Turkiyya (1997) Kotu ta samu Turkiyya da laifin azabtarwa a shekarar 1996 a shari'ar wani da ake tsare da shi da aka dakatar da shi da hannu yayin da aka daure hannunsa a bayansa.
Salmouni v. Faransa (2000) kotu ta bayyana a fili don gano jihohi da laifin azabtar da hukuncin cewa tun da taron "kayan aiki ne na rai", za a iya ɗaukar mu'amala da a baya a matsayin cin mutunci ko wulakanci a nan gaba a matsayin azabtarwa.
A cikin 2014, bayan da aka gano sabbin bayanai da suka nuna shawarar yin amfani da dabaru guda biyar a Ireland ta Arewa a 1971-1972 ministocin Biritaniya sun dauka, Gwamnatin Irish ta nemi Kotun Turai ta Hakkokin Dan Adam ta sake duba hukuncinta. A shekarar 2018, da kuri'u shida zuwa daya, kotun ta ki amincewa.
Mataki na 4 - bauta
Mataki na 4 ya haramta bautar, bauta da aikin tilas amma ya keɓe aiki:
Mataki na 5 - 'yanci da tsaro
Mataki na 5 ya tanadi cewa kowa na da ‘yancin walwala da tsaron lafiyarsa. Ana ɗaukar 'yanci da tsaro na mutum a matsayin "haɗin gwiwa" ra'ayi - tsaro na mutum bai kasance ƙarƙashin fassarar daban ta kotu ba.
Mataki na 5 yana ba da haƙƙin ' yanci, ƙarƙashin kamawa bisa doka ko tsarewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar kama bisa kyakkyawan zato na wani laifi ko ɗaurin kurkuku don cika hukunci. Kasidar ta kuma bayar da damar a sanar da wadanda aka kama, a cikin harshen da suka fahimta, dalilan da suka sa aka kama su, da kuma duk wani tuhuma da ake fuskanta, da hakkin gaggauta shigar da kara a gaban shari’a don sanin halaccin kamawa ko tsare shi. shari'a a cikin lokaci mai ma'ana ko sakin da ke jiran shari'a, da haƙƙin biyan diyya a cikin yanayin kamawa ko tsarewa wanda ya saba wa wannan labarin.￼
Mataki na 6 - shari'ar gaskiya
Mataki na 6 yana ba da cikakken haƙƙin yin shari'a ta gaskiya, gami da haƙƙin sauraron sauraron jama'a a gaban kotun shari'a mai zaman kanta da rashin son kai a cikin lokacin da ya dace, da ɗaukan rashin laifi, da sauran mafi ƙarancin haƙƙoƙi ga waɗanda ake tuhuma da laifin aikata laifi (isasshen lokaci da wurare don shirya kariyarsu, samun damar samun wakilcin shari'a, 'yancin bincikar shaidu akan su ko a bincika su, dama ga taimakon kyauta na mai fassara).
Yawancin cin zarafi na al'ada da kotu ta samu a yau shine jinkirin da ya wuce kima, wanda ya saba wa "lokacin da ya dace" da ake bukata, a cikin shari'ar farar hula da na laifuka a gaban kotunan kasa, yawanci a Italiya da Faransa. A karkashin sharuddan "kotu mai zaman kanta", kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa alkalan sojoji a kotunan tsaron kasar Turkiyya sun sabawa doka ta 6. Dangane da wannan labarin, Turkiyya ta amince da dokar da za ta soke wadannan kotuna.
Mataki na 7 - sake kunnawa
Mataki na 7 ya hana sake aikata laifuka da rashin aiki. Ba za a iya hukunta wani mutum kan wani aiki da ba laifi ba ne a lokacin da aka aiwatar da shi. Kasidar ta bayyana cewa, laifin da ake aikata laifuka yana cikin dokokin kasa ko na kasa da kasa, wanda zai ba da damar wani bangare ya tuhumi wani da laifin da bai sabawa dokar cikin gida a lokacin ba, matukar dai dokar kasa da kasa ta haramta shi. Har ila yau, labarin ya haramta yin hukunci mai nauyi fiye da wanda aka zartar a lokacin da aka aikata laifin.
Mataki na 7 ya ƙunshi ƙa'idar doka ta laifi, nulla poena sine lege (babu laifi, babu hukunci ba tare da doka ba) cikin taron.
Abubuwan da suka dace sune:
Mataki na 8 - keɓantawa
Mataki na 8 yana ba da haƙƙin mutunta "rayuwar sirri da iyali, gidansa da wasiƙunsa ", bisa wasu ƙuntatawa waɗanda "bisa ga doka" da "wajibi a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya". Wannan labarin a fili ya ba da ’yancin samun ‘yanci daga binciken da ba bisa ka’ida ba, amma kotu ta ba da kariya ga “rayuwar sirri da ta iyali” cewa wannan labarin ya ba da fassarorin fassarorin, alal misali haramcin yin luwadi da madigo na sirri ya saba wa wannan labarin. An yi shari'o'in da ke tattauna alaƙar jima'i na iyali, da kuma yadda laifin wannan zai iya keta wannan labarin. Duk da haka, ECHR har yanzu tana ƙyale irin waɗannan ayyukan jima'i na iyali su zama masu laifi.
Ana iya kwatanta wannan da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli ta Amurka, wacce kuma ta ɗauki ɗan taƙaitaccen fassarar 'yancin keɓewa. Bugu da ƙari, Labari 8 wani lokaci ya ƙunshi tabbataccen wajibai : yayin da aka tsara haƙƙin ɗan adam na gargajiya a matsayin hana ƙasa shiga haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin ɗan adam, don haka kar a yi wani abu (misali kar a raba iyali ƙarƙashin kariyar rayuwar iyali), ingantaccen jin daɗin irin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin na iya yiwuwa. Har ila yau, sun haɗa da wani wajibci ga jiha don yin aiki, da yin wani abu (misali don tilasta damar iyaye da aka saki ga ɗansa).
Abubuwan da suka shahara:
Mataki na 9 - lamiri da addini
Mataki na 9 ya tanadi ' yancin yin tunani, lamiri da addini. Wannan ya hada da 'yancin canza addini ko akida, da kuma bayyanar da addini ko imani a cikin bauta, koyarwa, aiki da kuma kiyayewa, bisa wasu ƙuntatawa waɗanda "suka dace da doka" da "wajibi a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya".
Abubuwan da suka dace sune:
Mataki na 10 - magana
Mataki na 10 yana ba da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa waɗanda suke "bisa ga doka" da "wajibi a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya". Wannan haƙƙin ya haɗa da 'yancin ɗaukar ra'ayi, da karɓa da ba da bayanai da ra'ayoyi, amma yana ba da damar hani don:
Mataki na 11 - ƙungiya
Mataki na ashirin da 11 yana kare haƙƙin 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, ciki har da haƙƙin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci, ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa waɗanda suke "bisa ga doka" da "wajibi a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya".
Mataki na 12 - aure
Mataki na 12 ya tanadi hakkin mata da mazan da suka kai shekarun aure su yi aure su kafa iyali.
Duk da gayyata da yawa, kotun ta ki yin amfani da kariyar wannan labarin ga auren jinsi. Kotun ta kare hakan ne bisa hujjar cewa labarin an yi nufin ya shafi auren jinsi dabam-dabam ne kawai, kuma dole ne a ba da fifikon godiya ga bangarorin wannan fanni.
A cikin Goodwin v. Kotun daukaka kara ta Burtaniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata doka da har yanzu ta ke raba wadanda suka yi jima'i bayan yin jima'i a karkashin jima'i kafin su yi jima'i ya saba wa doka ta 12 da ke nufin cewa masu yin jima'i ba za su iya aurar da 'yan uwansu ba. Wannan ya sauya hukuncin da ya gabata a cikin Rees v. Ƙasar Ingila. Duk da haka, wannan bai canza fahimtar Kotun ba cewa Mataki na 12 yana ba da kariya ga ma'aurata daban-daban kawai.