cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ganuwa na São Miguel
Fortaleza de São Miguel ko Sansanin soja na Saint Michael wani sansanin soja ne na Fotigal da aka gina a Luanda, Angola. A lokacin mulkin Dutch a Angola tsakanin 1641 da 1648, an san sansanin da Sansanin soja na Aardenburgh.
Sansanin soja na São Miguel aka gina a 1576 da Paulo Dias de Novais. Ya zama cibiyar gudanarwa ta mulkin mallaka a cikin 1627 kuma ita ce babbar hanyar shigar da bayi zuwa Brazil. Sansanin soja ta kasance shekaru masu yawa birni mai cin gashin kansa wanda aka kiyaye shi ta bango mai kauri wanda aka sanya shi da igwa. A cikin sansanin, manyan tayal na yumbu suna ba da labarin Angola tun daga shekarun farko, to kuma a tsakar gidan akwai manya-manya, suna sanya mutum-mutumi na sarki Fotigal na farko, Bature na farko da ya isa Angola, Diogo Cão, mashahurin mai binciken Vasco da Gama da sauran mashahurai.
Har zuwa 1975, sansanin soja ya kasance hedkwatar Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Fotigal a Angola.
A yau, tana riƙe da Gidan Tarihi na Sojojin Sama. Tsakanin 1938 da 1958 suka riƙe Museu de Angola, har sai da aka motsa aka sauya masa suna Museu Nacional de História Militar.
Madobi
Madobi ƙaramar hukuma ce a jihar Kano a Najeriya. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Madobi.
Tana da yanki 273 km² da yawan jama'a 136,623 a lissafin ƙidayar 2006.
Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 711.
Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Abia
Wannan shine jerin sunayen masu mulki da gwamnonin jihar Abia, Nigeria, wanda aka ƙirƙira a 1991-08-27, lokacin da ta rabu da jihar Imo.
Albasu
Albasu karamar hukuma ce a jihar Kano a Najeriya. Babban hedkwatarta yana cikin garin Albasu.
Yana da yanki 398 km² da yawan jama'a 190,153 a ƙidayar 2006.
Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 712.
Felicity Okpete Ovai
Felicity Okpete Ovai (an haife ta a shekara ta 1961) injiniya ce kuma masaniya ne daga Degema, Jihar Ribas a Najeriya. Mamba ce a Jam’iyyar Democratic Party ta Jihar Ribas, ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada Kwamishinar Ayyuka, tana aiki daga 2003 zuwa 2006.
Rayuwarta
Ovai ta kammala karatunta na sakandare a Holy Rosary Secondary School (yanzu Holy Rosary College) a Port Harcourt. Ta karɓi karatun B.Tech a fannin Injiniyan Noma daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas da kuma digiri na biyu a kan Injiniyan Injiniya daga Jami'ar Fatakwal.
Ovai ta rike mukamai da dama a jihar Ribas. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mace ta farko Kwamishinar Ayyuka a Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Ribas daga 2003 zuwa 2006. Yayin da take ofis, ta lura da yadda aka fara wasu ayyukan gina hanyoyi a jihar ciki har da aikin hanyar da ta hada Ogoni, Andoni, da Opobo – Nkoro gaba daya sun yi baftisma kan titin Unity wanda ya kai kimanin ₦ 11.8 billion.
A ranar 2 ga Disambar 2006, an bayar da rahoton cewa Okpete Ovai tare da Shedrack Akalokwu, mai ba Gwamna Peter Odili shawara na musamman da kuma Wilson Ake, dan majalisar wakilai da Jam’iyyar Democratic Party ta ba su izinin shiga zaben fitar da gwani na sanata a Yammacin Ribas. .
A watan Fabrairun 2016, Gwamna Ezenwo Nyesom Wike ya nada Ovai memba na Hukumar Kula da Kula da Hanyoyi ta Jihar Ribas. Ita ma memba ce ta ƙungiyoyi masu ƙwarewa daban-daban, kamar Societyungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Nijeriya, Cibiyar Injiniyan Injiniya da ofungiyar Injiniyoyin Noma.
Manazarta
https://infohub.projecttopics.org/1910578-felicity-okpete-ovai
Ɗamarage
Ɗamarage shuka ne.
George Ansell
George Ansell (an haife shi a shekara ta 1909 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1988) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Harsashen
Hasashe magana ce da wani ya yi game da abin da yake tunanin zai faru. Yawancin lokaci yana taimako sosai wajen sanin abin da zai faru don taimakawa shirya don waɗannan abubuwan da za su faru nan gaba. Hasashen sun dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa matsayi biyu na farko da suke kama da juna zasu sami sakamako iri ɗaya. Ta wurin kallon abin da ke faruwa, ana iya yin hasashen abin da zai faru idan wani abu makamancin haka ya faru. Ana yin hasashe ta hanyar kimiyya ko masu duba ko ƙwararru.
Alpha Diounkou
Alpha Richard Diounkou Tecagne (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Oktoban 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Barcelona Atlètic ta Sipaniya, a kan aro daga Granada.
Sana'a
Diounkou ya fara buga ƙwallo ne da makarantar matasa ta Son Cladera yana ɗan shekara 6, kafin ya koma makarantar matasa ta Mallorca yana da shekaru 14. Ya koma makarantar matasa ta Manchester City a cikin watan Janairun 2016. Ya yi aiki a hanyarsa ta sama da ajiyar su, kafin ya koma Granada a ranar 31 ga watan Agustan 2021. Ya koma San Fernando a matsayin aro na rabin farkon kakar 2021-22. A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2021, ya koma Barcelona B na sauran kakar wasa.
Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa
An haifi Diounkou a Senegal kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Spain tun yana ƙarami. Ya wakilci Spain U17s a 2018 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. Ya koma wakiltar Senegal U20s a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 na 2019. An kira Diounkou zuwa babbar tawagar ƙasar Senegal a cikin watan Mayun 2022 don wasannin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2023.
Da mashin kurya
Da mashin kurya shuka ne.
Gilbert Alsop
Gilbert Alsop (an haife shi ne a ranar 10 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1908 - ya kuma mutu a ranar 16 ga watan afrilu shekara ta 1992) kwararren dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasar Ingila ne. Wanda ya taka ledarsa a matsayin dan wasan gaba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta west bromwich da kuma Walsall, wanda bayansu sheka da dama.
Amelia Atwater Rhodes
Amelia Atwater-Rhodes (an Haife ta Afrilu sha huɗu ga, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da hudu a Silver Spring ) ƙwararren ɗan Amurka ne kuma marubuci balagagge.
Gillie Alldis
Gillie Alldis (an haife shi a ƙasar Ingila) ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasa ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Ingila.
Harar
Harar (Gēy "The City", Oromo: Adare Biyyo, Somali: Herer, Larabci: هرر) birni ne mai katanga a gabashin Habasha. A harshen larabci ana kiranta da Birnin Waliyyai (Larabci: مدينة الأَوْلِيَاء).
Harar babban birnin lardin Harari ne a kasar Habasha. Har ila yau birnin na Harar ya kasance wurin gudanar da mulki a shiyyar Hararghe ta Gabas ta yankin Oromia. Tsohon birnin yana kan wani tudu a gabashin kasar kuma yana da nisan kusan kilomita dari biyar daga kujerar gwamnatin tarayya da babban birnin Addis Ababa a tsayin mita 1,885 (6,184 ft).
Shekaru aru-aru, Harar ta kasance babbar cibiyar kasuwanci, wacce hanyoyin kasuwanci ke hade da sauran kasashen Habasha, da daukacin yankin kahon Afirka, da yankin Larabawa, da Asiya, da ta tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da na waje. Harar Jugol, tsohon birni mai katanga, UNESCO ta sanya shi a matsayin wurin tarihi na duniya a shekara ta 2006 saboda karramawar al'adunsa. Saboda dadewar da Harar ta yi na shiga harkar kasuwanci a yankin Larabawa, gwamnatin Habasha ta mayar da ita wani laifi na ruguza ko tsoma baki a duk wani wuri na tarihi da ke cikin birnin. Waɗannan sun haɗa da gidajen dutse, gidajen tarihi da abubuwan da aka watsar daga yaƙi. A cewar UNESCO, ana la'akarin "birni na hudu mafi tsarki na Musulunci" tare da masallatai 82, uku daga cikinsu sun kasance tun karni na 10, da wuraren ibada 102.
Littafin Fatḥ Madīnat Harar na Yahyá Naṣrallāh, tarihin garin da ba a buga ba a karni na 13, ya rubuta cewa fitaccen waliyi Abadir Umar ar-Rida da wasu shugabannin addini da dama sun zauna a tudun Harar c. 1216 (612 AH). Daga baya Sarkin Musulmi Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ya mai da birnin Harar sabuwar hedikwatar masarautar Adal a shekara ta 1520. Birnin ya ga koma bayan siyasa a lokacin da Masarautar Harar ta biyo baya, sai dai ya dawo da wani muhimmin matsayi a zamanin Khedivate na Masar. A lokacin daular Habasha, birnin ya ruguje yayin da yake da wata daraja ta al'adu.
Tarihi
Lokacin da aka kafa Harar ba a bayyana ba, kuma an ba da shawarar ranaku daban-daban. Ko ta yaya, birnin Harar na zamani ya samo asali ne tun a shekarun 1700 da farko, amma wurin da kansa ya kasance wurin zama na birni tsawon lokaci mai tsawo.
Wataƙila asalin mazauna yankin su ne mutanen Harla. Harar wani yanki ne na masarautar Harla a karni na shida. A zamanin Musulunci, birnin ya kasance karkashin kawancen kasashen Zaila. A cewar wani Bayahude mai tafiya a ƙarni na goma sha biyu Benjamin na Tudela, yankin Zeila ƙasar Havilah ce, wadda al-Habash ta keɓe a yamma.
A karni na tara, Harar ta kasance karkashin masarautar Maḥzumī ta Sultanate of Showa.
Musulunci ya samu gindin zama a tudun Harar a karni na 10-11 CE ta hanyar kasuwanci da Zeila. A karni na 13, Musulunci ya zama addini mafi rinjaye a yankin.
Tashin Harar Musulmi
Harar ta zama cibiyar al'adu da addinin Musulunci a yankin kahon Afirka a karshen tsakiyar zamanai.
A cewar Fatḥ Madīnat Harar, fitaccen Waliyi Abadir Umar Ar-Rida, tare da wasu malaman addini da dama, sun fito ne daga yankin larabawa domin su sauka a tudun Harar kimanin shekara ta 612H (1216 miladiyya), inda ake zaton Abadir ya hadu da Harla, Gaturi da mutanen Argobba. A bisa al'ada, dan'uwan Abadir Fakr ad-Din ya kafa daular Mogadishu, yayin da daya daga cikin zuriyarsa ya kafa masarautar Hadiya.
Bisa ga tarihin Amda Seyon I na ƙarni na 14, Gēt (Gēy) wani yanki ne a ƙasar Harla. A lokacin tsakiyar zamanai, Harar tana cikin masarautar Adal, ta zama babban birninta a shekara ta 1520 a karkashin Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad. Karni na sha shida shine zamanin Zinare na birnin. Al’adun yankin sun bunƙasa, kuma mawaƙa da yawa sun zauna suna yin rubuce-rubuce a wurin. Har ila yau, ya zama sananne ga kofi, saƙa, kwando da kuma hada littattafai.
Daga Harar, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, wanda aka fi sani da "Gurey" da "Grañ", dukkansu ma'ana "Hagu" sun kaddamar da yakin mamaya a karni na sha shida wanda ya kara tsawon mulkin siyasa tare da yin barazana ga wanzuwar 'yan mulkin mallaka. Makwabtan Gabashin Orthodox Kirista daular Habasha. Sarki Nur bn Mujahid wanda ya gaje shi ya gina katangar kariya a kewayen birnin. Tsayin mita hudu tare da kofofi biyar, wannan tsari da ake kira Jugol, yana nan daram kuma alama ce ta garin ga mazauna. Mutanen Siltʼe, Wolane, Halaba da Harari sun zauna a Harar, su ukun kuma suka koma yankin Gurage.
Nan da nan bayan yakin Ahmad, Harar ta fuskanci yunwa mai tsanani. Farashin abinci da dabbobi sun tashi sosai: Sa'a daya (raka'a daidai da hannu hudu) na dawa ashraf 12, gishiri daidai gwargwado ya kai 15. Saniya ta haura ashraf 300. Yayin da tattalin arzikin ya farfado daga yunwa, farashin sa'a na dawa ya fadi zuwa 4-5 mahallak (wani bangare na ashrafi). Wata yunwa kuma a zamanin Nur bn Mujahid ta kai kudin sa'ar dawa zuwa 2 ashraf. Wannan shine farkon ambaton ashrafi da mahallak a matsayin darikar kudi a Harar. Masarautar Harar ita ma ta buge kudinta, al'amurra na farko masu dauke da kwanan wata da za a iya karantawa a shekara ta 615 bayan hijira (1218/19 miladiyya); amma babu shakka an fitar da sulalla na farko a shekara ta 1789 CE, kuma an fitar da ƙarin har cikin ƙarni na sha tara.
Elisée Reclus (1886) ta yi bayanin manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na dadaddiyar hanya daga Harar zuwa Zeila, hanya daya ta bi ta kasar Gadabuursi da kuma hanya daya ta ratsa cikin yankin Issa, dukkansu ’yan kabilar Dir ne:
“Hanyoyi biyu, wadanda galibin ‘yan fashin ne suka toshe su daga Harrar zuwa Zeila, daya ya tsallaka wani lungu da sako zuwa arewacin garin, daga nan ne suka koma cikin kwarin kwarin Awash ta mashigin Galdessa da kwarin, daga nan kuma a guje. zuwa tekun ta yankin Issa, wanda ke ratsa shi da jerin duwatsun da ke bijirewa zuwa kudu, dayan kuma mafi kai tsaye amma ya fi karkata, ya nufi arewa-maso-gabas zuwa mashigar Darmi, ta ratsa kasar Gadibursis ko Gudabursis.Garin Zeila. yana kudu da wani karamin tsibiri na tsibirai da rafukan da ke bakin gabar teku inda 'yan kabilar Gadibursi suka mamaye ta, tana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu, daya da jiragen ruwa ke bi amma jiragen ruwa ba za su iya ba, yayin da daya kuma ba shi da nisa da kudancin garin. , ko da yake kunkuntar sosai, yana daga zurfin ƙafa 26 zuwa 33, kuma yana ba da mafaka mai aminci ga manyan sana'a."
Tabarbarewar Harar
Harar ta dogara sosai kan Berbera don kasuwanci tun tsakiyar zamanai. A cewar Richard Francis Burton, wanda ya ziyarci garuruwan Berbera da Harar a lokacin tafiyarsa, ya sake maimaita wata shahararriyar Harari yana cewa a shekarar 1854 ya ce: "Wanda ya yi umarni a Berbera, ya rike gemun Harar a hannunsa." Wani muhimmin kaso na cinikayyar da ke tsakanin garuruwan biyu masu tarihi ya kasance karkashin ikon 'yan kasuwa 'yan kabilar Somali Isaaq ne, wadanda kuma suka shiga cinikin fitaccen kofi na Harari, wanda aka sanya wa suna Berbera Coffee a kasuwannin duniya. Harar kuma ta kasance gidan malaman kasar Somaliya da dama da suka zo birnin domin yin karatu wanda ya fi shahara shi ne Sheikh Madar. Malaminsa Kabir Khalil wanda yana daya daga cikin manyan Malamai 3 na Harar.
Ga dukkan alamu Harar ta fara kera tsabar kudi ko kadan a ci gaba da yi a zamanin sarki Abd al-Shakur bn Yusuf. Tsirrai masu tsira daga mulkinsa suna da inganci, tare da babban abun ciki na azurfa da bayyanannun rubuce-rubucen da ke nuna amfani da mutuƙar kyau. An yi watsi da kudin sosai a karkashin Muhammad bn Ali, wanda ya bullo da wani sabon nau'in tsabar kudi, wanda aka hada da kwano sosai, domin ya cika hakkinsa ga 'yan uwansa Gosa. Ya zartar da cewa duk wanda ke da tsohon kudin sai ya canza shi da sabon nau'in. Muhammad Mukhtar, wani jami’in sojan kasar Masar, ya rubuta a shekara ta 1876 yana mai yin Allah wadai da wannan a matsayin babban ha’inci. A shekara ta 1883, wani matafiyi ɗan ƙasar Jamus ya rubuta cewa kuɗin bai kai ko da kashi ɗaya bisa goma na ƙima ba.
Tarihi 1875-1974
A shekara ta 1875 Muhammad Rauf Pasha ya jagoranci sojojin Masar daga Zeila zuwa cikin yankin kudu maso gabashin Habasha, yana mai nuna cewa balaguro ne na kimiyya. Ya mamaye Harar a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 1875.
Da farko Rauf Pasha ya dakatar da kudaden Harari daga zazzagewa, sannan ya aika da wasu samfura zuwa Alkahira domin yin nazari, da fatan ya maye gurbinsu da kudin Masar. Sai dai gwamnatin Masar ta kasa bayar da isassun kudade don yin hakan, ta kuma shawarce shi da ya ajiye kudin Harari. Sai dai an sake tantance darajar mahallak din Harari daga 33 zuwa Maria Theresa thaler kafin 300 zuwa dala bayan. Da zarar an kammala nazarin abubuwan azurfar tsabar tsabar, an ƙara canza wannan zuwa 311 zuwa thaler.
A lokacin mulkin Masar (1875-1884), Arthur Rimbaud ya zauna a cikin birni a matsayin ma'aikacin gida na kamfanoni daban-daban na kasuwanci da ke Aden; ya dawo a 1888 don ci gaba da kasuwancin kofi, miski, da fata har sai da wata cuta mai muni ta tilasta masa komawa Faransa. Wani gida da aka ce shi ne wurin zama a yanzu ya zama gidan tarihi.
A shekara ta 1885 Harar ta sami 'yencin kanta a karkashin Amir Abdullahi, amma wannan ya kai shekaru biyu kacal har zuwa ranar 6 ga Janairun 1887 lokacin da yakin Chelenqo ya kai ga mamaye Harar daga hannun Sarki Menelik na biyu na daular Habasha da ke girma a Shewa.
Harar ita ce wurin da kasar Habasha ta zamani ta fara hako tsabar kudinta na farko a karkashin Menelik II, wanda ke dauke da ranar 1885 E.C. (1892 CE).
Harar ta rasa wasu muhimman abubuwan da ta ke da ita na kasuwanci tare da samar da layin dogo na kasar Faransa wanda aka gina daga Addis Ababa zuwa Djibouti, wanda da farko ya nufa ya bi ta cikin birnin, amma ya karkata zuwa arewacin tsaunukan da ke tsakanin Harar da kogin Awash domin samun kudi. Sakamakon haka ne aka kafa Dire Dawa a shekarar 1902 a matsayin Sabuwar Harar. Birtaniya ta yi shirin farfado da hanyar kasuwanci mai dimbin tarihi ta Harar-Berbera ta hanyar hada garuruwan biyu ta layin dogo a matsayin hanyar karfafa kasuwanci. Sai dai majalisar ta ki amincewa da matakin ne bisa hujjar cewa zai cutar da Entente Cordiale tsakanin Faransa da Birtaniya.
"An ba da shawarar hanyar jirgin kasa daga Berbera zuwa Harrar a cikin Abyssinia a matsayin hanyar kawo cikin yankin kariya cikin sauƙi, kuma a lokaci guda na ciyar da kasuwancin Abyssinia; amma an ki amincewa da cewa yin gogayya da layin dogo na Faransa daga Jibouti zuwa Adis Ababa zai zama mummunar manufa a daidai lokacin da aka samu ciminti.."
Dakarun Italiya karkashin Marshall Rodolfo Graziani sun kwace Harar a lokacin yakin Italo da Habasha na biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1936. Bataliya ta daya ta sojojin Najeriya da ta taso daga Jijiga ta hanyar Marda Pass, ta kwace birnin na abokan kawance a ranar 29 ga Maris 1941. Bayan kammala yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ethiopian a shekarar 1944, an baiwa gwamnatin Birtaniya izinin kafa karamin ofishin jakadanci a birnin Harar, duk da cewa Birtaniya ta ki mayar da martani ta hanyar barin wani dan Habasha a birnin Hargeysa. Bayan rahotanni da yawa na ayyukan Birtaniyya a Haud da suka saba yarjejeniyar London na 1954, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Habasha ta ba da umarnin rufe ofishin jakadancin a Maris 1960.
Al'adu
A cewar Sir Richard Burton Harar ita ce wurin haifuwar shukar khat. Asalin shuka kofi na gida kuma an ce ya fito daga Harar.
Yanayi
Yanayin Harar an ware shi azaman yanayin tsaunuka masu zafi (Cwb) a cikin tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen-Geiger.
A cikin shekara, yanayin rana yana dumi zuwa dumi sosai, yayin da safiya ke sanyi zuwa laushi. Ruwan sama yana faɗuwa tsakanin Maris da Oktoba tare da kololuwa a cikin Agusta, yayin da Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu yakan bushe.
Alkaluma
Bisa kidayar jama'a a shekarar 2007 da hukumar kididdiga ta kasar Habasha (CSA) ta gudanar, birnin Harar yana da jimillar mazauna birane 99,368, daga cikinsu 49,727 maza ne, 49,641 kuma mata ne. Amhara (40.55%), Oromo (28.14%), Harari (11.83%), Gurage (7.94%), Somali (6.82%), da Tigrayans (2.76%); duk sauran kabilun sun ƙunshi kasa da kashi 2% na al'ummar ƙasar. Amhari ya zama yaren farko da kashi 49.2% na mazauna birni, Afaan Oromo da kashi 23.7%, Geysinan da kashi 12.2%, Somaliya kuma da kashi 6.6%. Yawan jama'a. Mazauna biranen da ke da'awar Kiristanci na Orthodox na Habasha, tare da kashi 48.54% na al'ummar kasar sun ba da rahoton cewa sun aikata wannan akida, yayin da kashi 44.56% na al'ummar kasar suka ce Musulmi ne, kuma kashi 6.14% na Furotesta ne.
Kabilanci
Barker Haines ya ruwaito a cikin 1840 cewa yawancin mutanen Harar Harari ne amma wasu 'yan Oromo, Afar, Somali Issa da Larabawa 'yan kasuwa na Yemen sun kasance a wurin. A cikin 1855 Richard Francis Burton ya kwatanta Harar da cewa tana da mazauna kusan 8,000; Makiyaya 3,000 (yana nufin makiyaya na lokaci-lokaci da suke "zo mu tafi", Harari 2,500, da Somaliyawa 2,500. Burton ya kara da ba da rahoton kasancewar Oromo mai yawa da ke kaiwa garin. A ziyararsa a Khedivate na Masar mamayar masarautar Harar, mai bincike Paultischke Ya bayyana Harar da cewa tana da kusan mutane 40,000 tare da 25,000 daga cikinsu Hararis ne, Oromo 6,000, Somaliya 5,000, Abyssinians 3,000 da kuma tsirarun Turawa da Asiyawa. Bayan mamaye Masarautar Harar da Daular Habasha ta yi, sai kwararowar Amhara suka mamaye Harar da kewaye. Al'ummar Somaliya mazauna garin sun ragu bayan hambarar da gwamnatin Lij Iyasu da mayakan Abyssiyan suka yi. ’Yan asalin Harari ’yan asalin da a da su ke da rinjaye a cikin birnin mai katanga, ba su kai kashi 15% ba, saboda tsarkake kabilanci da gwamnatin Haile Selassie ta yi. Sakamakon zaluncin da gwamnatin Habasha ta yi, a karshen shekarun 1970 Harari da ke zaune a Addis Ababa sun fi na Harar yawa. A cewar Feener, Harari ba su farfaɗo ba daga 1948 da ta jagoranci murkushe al'ummarsu.
Kabilun Somaliya da ke kewaye da Harar sun fito ne daga kabilar Gadabuursi da Issa na Dir da Karanle na Hauwaye. Suna wakiltar mafi yawan kabilun Somaliya a yankin. Kabilar Darod na Geri da Jidwaaq su ma suna zaune a kusa da Harar. Gadabuursi da Geri Somali sun kai farmaki arewa da arewa maso gabashin garin. Richard Francis Burton (1856) ya siffanta dangin Gadabuursi da Geri na Somaliya a matsayin wanda ya kai gaban Harar. 'Yan kabilar Issa da Karanle Hawiye sun kai hari arewa da arewa maso yamma yayin da Jidwaaq ke ci gaba da gabas.
I.M. Lewis (1998) ya ce:
"Cikin kasa da ke zagaye da Harar da Dire Dawa da 'yan Somalia na kabilar Iise da Gadabuursi ke zaune."
Tsarin birni
Tsohon birnin Harar mai katanga ya kasu kashi 5: Assum Bari, Argob Bari, Suqutat Bari, Badro Bari, da Asmadiri Bari. Daga nan sai a kara raba wadannan guraren zuwa unguwannin da ake kira toya, wadanda galibi ana kiransu da sunan wurin ibadar musulmi ko wata fitacciyar bishiyar da ke zama wata alama ta gari. A cewar S.R. Waldron, akwai irin waɗannan unguwanni 59 a kusa da 1975.
Gidaje
Wanda aka fi sani da gey gar ("gidan birni", jam'i: gey garach), gidajen Harari sun zama wani nau'in tarihi na musamman wanda ya bambanta da sauran yankunan musulmi da kuma sauran sassan Habasha. Har yanzu ana amfani da tsarin gidan na Harari na gargajiya a yau, inda aka samu sauye-sauye kadan, kuma Harari da suka koma wasu garuruwa suna kokarin bin irin wannan salon. Harari suna alfahari da gidajensu, kuma sun kasance wani muhimmin bangare na al'adun Harari.
Wani lokaci wasu mahadi da yawa suna haɗuwa tare zuwa "block" na mahadi, duk an kewaye su da bango ɗaya sannan kuma suna da nasu bango kewaye da su. Ana saita waɗannan “blocks” ta yadda baƙo ya wuce fili na farko kafin ya kai na biyu, da dai sauransu.
Kayan gini dutse ne na gida, yayin da aka yi amfani da cakuda duwatsun da aka daka da kuma yumbu a matsayin turmi da filasta don rufe bango kafin a wanke su. Haka lamarin yake a sababbin gidaje da kuma na tsofaffi. Tsarin bene na gidan Harari na yau da kullun yana da rectangular. Babban dakin shi ne babban falo mai suna gidīr gar ko gyar ēqäd. Gidīr gār yana da dandali masu tasowa da yawa, ana kiransa nädäbas, waɗanda ke aiki azaman kujeru ko gadaje. A hankula gidan zai yi nädäbas biyar. A baya na gidir gar, a hayin daga gaban ƙofar, akwai biyu nädäbas: da "kananan" daya, ko tīt nädäba, sa'an nan a baya shi da "babban" daya, ko gidīr nädäba, wanda shi ne da ɗan mafi girma sama. Waɗannan su ne biyu mafi girma nädäbas. Ana iya sanya takalma har zuwa tit nädäba, amma sai an cire su. Tīt nädäba ita ce wurin da matasa ko mutanen da ba su da girma suke zama. Yara kuma barci a kan wannan nädäba. A tarihi, a kotun sarki, ta zama wurin zama na masu kara ko wadanda ake kara. Gidīr nädäba ya zama dattawa da mutanen da ake ganin sun fi girma. A tarihance, a fadar sarki, an zaunar da manyan mutane a nan. Lokacin da mutum ya mutu, ana ajiye jikinsu a kan gidīr nädäba kafin a binne shi a matsayin alamar girmamawa. Ana haka wani kwano a cikin gidīr nädäba a cika da ruwa a wanke jiki, sannan a sake cika kwandon.
Amīr nädäba, ko nädäba na girmamawa, an keɓe shi ga maigidan gida da ga baƙi masu daraja; yana iya kasancewa a hagu ko dama ya danganta da gidan. An sanya shi ne domin shugaban iyali ya ga duk wanda ya shiga gida ya yi aiki daidai. The "boye" nädäba, ko sutri nädäba, na iya kasancewa a kowane gefe amma koyaushe yana bayan ginshiƙi mai tasowa ko maxazu. A tarihi, ana kiran wannan da "malassay nädäba" saboda masu gadin sarki suna zaune a nan lokacin tarurruka ko shari'ar kotu. Ana amfani da sutri nädäba don barci. Ana kuma amfani da ita a matsayin wurin zama da miji ke hutawa idan ya dawo gida. A ƙarshe, akwai gäbti äḥer näbäda, ko kuma wanda ke bayan ƙofar shiga. Kamar amir da sutri nädäbas, wannan na iya kasancewa a hagu ko dama. A sasanninta na baya akwai wasu lokutan da aka gina a cikin kabad ko ɗakunan tufafi da ake kira näbäda dēras. Ana adana tsabar kuɗi da mahimman takardu a cikin ƙirji a cikin näbäda dēra. Ana amfani da ɓangaren sama na näbäda dəra don adana tufafi na maigidan gida. Gidīr gār yana da ginanniyar abubuwan da ake kira ṭāqēts waɗanda ake amfani da su don adanawa da nuna abubuwan sirri. Suna da tsayi sosai kuma akwai yawanci 11 daga cikinsu: 5 akan babban bango daura da ƙofar, sauran kuma akan sauran bangon. Niches guda biyu masu rectangular a tsakiyar babban bango (wanda ake kira ēqäd ṭāqēt) yawanci ana amfani da su don adana littattafai, musamman Kur'ani. Siffar su ta rectangular yakamata ya zama mai jan hankali ga mutuwa da kabari. Bugu da ƙari ga manyan wuraren 11, akwai wasu lokuta kuma a cikin nädäbas, waɗanda ake amfani da su don riƙe takalma ko ƙona turare. A ko wane gefen kofar akwai wata budaddiyar kofar da za ta nufi kirtät, dakin gefe ne mai karamin rufi da nasa nädäba. Katangar da ke tsakanin kirtät da gidīr gar wani lokaci tana da allon taga tare da sassaken katako na ado. Mata sukan zauna a kirtät lokacin da maza suke da bärça (taron cin abinci da zuzzurfan tunani). A baya, da kirtät ne kuma inda matasa amarya za su zauna a keɓe ga watanni 8 bayan ta bikin aure. A wannan yanayin, hanyar shiga kirtät, wadda ba ta da kofa, za a rufe ta da allon bamboo da labule.
Dakin gefe na biyu mai ƙaramin rufi, dēra, an haɗa shi da kirtät ta wata ƙaramar kofa. Ana amfani da shi don adana abubuwan da beraye ba su iya kaiwa hari. Kusa da kofa, bangon dəra yana da wani wuri na musamman inda ake ajiye aflala. Waɗannan kwantenan tukwane baƙar fata masu dogayen wuyoyi kuma an rufe su da ledojin kwando masu tsayi da ake kira afla uffas. Ana amfani da su wurin adana kayan adon iyali da sauran kayayyaki masu daraja, da kuma cibiyar ’ya’yan iyali. A cewar Fethia Ahmed, mai kula da gidan adana kayan tarihi na Harari, murfi da aka juye na nuni da cewa mijin ya rasu kuma akwai wata bazawara da ke zaune a gidan.
Dēra wuri ne mai zaman kansa, inda mata da miji za su iya magana ba tare da 'ya'yansu sun saurari ba. Haka kuma yara ‘yan tsakanin shekaru 3 zuwa 7 suna amfani da ita wajen cin abinci a cikin watan Ramadan ba tare da ganin jama’a ba, kafin su fara azumin yini a lokacin da suke shekara 7. An gina wannan dēra ne da dutse mai ratsa jiki ba tare da siminti ba don samun damar samun iskar iska.
Silin da ke saman gidīr gar ya tashi zuwa tsayin gidan. Sama da ɗakunan gefe, duk da haka, akwai wani matakin sama da ake kira qala. Asali ana amfani da qala wajen ajiya, wani lokacin ma wurin kwana, ba a raba ta da gidīr gar ta kowace fuska. Tun da marigayi karni na 19, ko da yake, akwai yawanci wani katako allo raba biyu, da kuma qala ya m zama jinsin na biyu bene, sau da yawa tare da dama da dakuna, ko da yake ba tare da nädäbas ko wasu shigarwa. Matakan hawa zuwa qala yawanci yana ƙunshi matakai 6 zuwa 9. A cikin sababbin gidaje yana da katakon katako da aka sassaka amma a cikin tsofaffin gidaje ba a yi ba.
A al'adance ana yin rufin gida ne da kayan itace na bakin ciki waɗanda aka cire haushi. A yau an rufe rufin tare da sauran gidan. Daya daga cikin katako, wanda yake saman gefen tīt nädäba, ana kiransa ḥāmil; yau ana amfani dashi don rataye fitilar neon daga, amma a da mutane za su rataye kwai na ciki saboda an yi imani cewa yin hakan zai kare gidan daga walƙiya. A zamanin yau, rufin an yi shi da katako mai katako, tare da ḥāmil ya bambanta da girman sa da kuma nau'ikan sa.
A al'adance ana yin benaye da jajayen ƙasa (wanda ake kira qēḥ afär), kuma sassan nädäbas waɗanda ba a rufe su da tagumi ko tabarmi su ma an yi musu ja. A yau ana yawan yin tayal, yawanci tare da akalla wasu ja. Jajayen ya kamata ya kasance yana tunawa da jinin da aka zubar a yakin Chelenqo.
Wasu gidajen za su kasance suna da tīt gār na gaba ko kuma "ƙaramin gida", wanda ke da ƙofar daban da kuma nädäba na kansa. Yawancin lokaci ba a haɗa tit gar zuwa babban gida. Ƙananan dangi ke amfani da shi, ko kuma wani lokacin hayar ga masu haya. Tun daga karni na 20, wasu gidaje suna ƙara wani matakin sama da tīt gar kuma suna haɗa shi da qala tare da ba shi ƙofar daban ta wani matakala a wajen gidan.
Kowane fili yana ƙunshe da ɗaki dabam don mai hannu ko bawa, ba tare da nädäbas ko ɗakunan gefe ba. Haka kuma za a yi matattarar shanu da jakuna. Hakanan akwai yawanci "gidaje na kicin" ɗaya ko biyu, waɗanda ba a haɗa su da gidajen, galibi suna a kowane gefen farfajiyar. Wadannan dakunan dafa abinci ba su da tagogi, tare da hayaki na fita ta kofar gida, don haka a karshe katangar ta rufe da toka. Ana amfani da ɗakunan da aka yi daga kututturen itace don adana kayan abinci.
A da, gidajen Harari ba za su kasance da ƙarancin kayan aiki ba. Tun daga karni na 20, kujerun katako masu sauƙi irin na yammacin Turai sun yaɗu, da kuma gadaje na ƙarfe tare da katifan kapok waɗanda aka kafa akan sutri nädäba.
Mafi girman nau'in kwandunan ado su ne nau'in da ake amfani da su don ba da burodi da kayan zaki a wurin taron mata. Waɗannan suna da dogayen murfi masu maƙarƙashiya waɗanda aka rataye a sama kuma suna lulluɓe su. Ana rataye su a cikin layuka ɗaya ko biyu akan bangon bayan gidīr nädäba da ƙasan abubuwan da aka gina, kuma yawanci suna cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban. Tsakanin ēqäd ṭāqēts, niches biyu masu rectangular a cikin cibiyar da ake amfani da su don adana littattafai, akwai layi na tsaye na ƙananan faranti na kwando mai suna sagaris tare da murfi. Ana amfani da waɗannan don hidimar wake a lokacin bikin aure ko jana'izar. Suna yawanci cikin rukuni na 3, tare da 2 daga cikinsu suna raba tsari da ƙira. Kusa da amir nädäba da dəra, an ƙawata bangon da sauran faranti na kwando bibbiyu. Wadannan sun kai girman farantin karin kumallo kuma a al'adance ana amfani da su don yin burodi. Biyu daga cikinsu ana kiransu “kwadunan surukai”, ko kuma hamāt mot, kuma dangin amarya suna gabatar da waɗannan ga surukai a wurin bikin aure.
Masu hijira daga Harar sukan yi ƙoƙari su tsaya kan tsarin gidan Harari na gargajiya idan ya yiwu, har ma a cikin gine-gine masu salon gine-gine daban-daban. Za a yi wani nau'i na gidīr gār da aka nuna, tare da tagulla da matashin kai da za su zama näba na yau da kullun, kuma za a yi ado da bangon da kwandon gargajiya na Harari.
Abubuwan jan hankali
Bayan katangar dutse da ke kewaye da birnin, tsohon garin na da masallatai 110 da sauran wuraren ibada masu yawa, wanda ya tsaya a dandalin Feres Magala. Manyan gine-gine sun haɗa da Medhane Alem Cathedral, gidan Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael, Monument ga Ras Makonnen, wanda Antun Augustinčić ya sassaƙa a 1959 wanda aka lalata a watan Yuni 2020, gidan Arthur Rimbaud, Masallacin Jami na ƙarni na sha shida da Babban Five mai tarihi. Gates na Harar. Filin wasa na Harrar Bira filin wasa ne na gida na Harrar Beer Bottling FC. Hakanan mutum na iya ziyartar kasuwa.
Al'adar da ta daɗe ta ciyar da nama ga kurayen da aka hange ita ma ta samo asali ne a cikin shekarun 1960 zuwa wani wasan kwaikwayo na dare mai ban sha'awa ga masu yawon bude ido. (Dubi kurayen da aka hange a Harar.)
Sauran wuraren ban sha'awa sun haɗa da ambaton mafi girma da ke kallon birnin, dutsen Kondudo ko "W", wanda ke ɗaukar dawakai na dawakai. Manufar kimiyya ta 2008 ta ƙaddamar da ƙoƙarin kiyaye su, saboda dabbobi suna cikin haɗari sosai.
Selam Bus Line Share Company ne ke ba da sabis ɗin motar bas na tsaka-tsaki.
Fakir
Fakir ko faqir, Sufi ne wanda yake yin juriya ko sihiri. Kalmar ta zo daga faqr ( فقر  ), ma'ana "talauci".
A Turanci, kalmar shi ne sau da yawa ga Hindu ascetics (misali, sadhus, gurus, swamis da yogis ), kazalika da Sufi asiri. Yana kuma iya iya amfani da su domin kowa titi yana bara wanda Chants tsarki sunayen, littatafan ko ayoyi. Ya zama sanannen kalmar Urdu da Hindi don “maroƙi”.
Yawancin maganganu na manyan fakir sun wanzu, gami da wani mutum wanda yake kusa da tsirara yana iya tafiya ba tare da takalmi ba a garwashin wuta, zaune ko bacci a kan gado na ƙusoshin ƙusa, yana shawagi a sama yayin tunani, ko "rayuwa akan iska" (ƙin kowane abinci).
Sibusiso Matsenjwa
Sibusiso Bruno Matsenjwa (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Mayu 1988) ɗan wasan tsere ne daga Eswatini. Ya fafata ne a tseren mita 200 a wasannin Olympics na shekarun 2012 da 2016, amma bai kai ga wasan karshe ba. Ya karya tarihin kasa a lokuta biyu kuma ya kasance mai rike da tuta ga Eswatini yayin bikin buɗe gasar a shekarar 2016. Matsenjwa yana riƙe da rikodin na ƙasa sama da nisan mita 100-400. Ya wakilci kasarsa a gasar zakarun duniya a waje guda uku da na cikin gida uku. Sibusiso kuma ya yi gasa a 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.
Ya yi takara a tseren mita 200 na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2020.
Mafi kyawun mutum
Indoor
Gcinile Moyane
Gcinile Moyane (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Mayu 1980 a Mbabane ) 'yar wasan tseren Swazi ce mai murabus, wacce ta kware a tseren mita 200. Moyane ta cancanci shiga tawagar Swazi a tseren mita 200 na mata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2004 a Athens ta hanyar karbar katin shiga daga IAAF. A yayin da ta fafata da wasu 'yan wasa bakwai a cikin heats uku, Moyane ta karya tarihin Swazi na 25.62 inda ta samu matsayi na shida kuma na karshe, amma ta kare a bayan shugaba Cydonie Mothersill na tsibirin Cayman da fiye da dakika uku. Moyane ta kasa tsallakewa zuwa zagaye na biyu yayin da ta yi nisa daga gurbi biyu na atomatik don mataki na gaba kuma a matsayi na 1. 42 gabaɗaya a cikin prelims. An kuma nada Moyane a matsayin mai rike da tutar kasar Swazia ta kwamitin wasannin Olympic na kasa a bikin bude gasar.
Karelawar maciji
Karelawar maciji shuka ne.
Lauren Beukes
An haifi Lauren Beukes 5 Yuni 1976. Ta girma a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Ta halarci Makarantar Roedean a Johannesburg, kuma tana da MA a cikin rubutun ƙirƙira daga Jami'ar Cape Town. Ta yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa na tsawon shekaru goma, gami da shekaru biyu a New York da Chicago.
Diego Arismendi
Hugo Diego Arismendi Ciapparetta (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1988) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Uruguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na Montevideo City Torque.
Ayyuka
A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2009 aka ba da rahoton cewa Arismendi ya amince da yarjejeniyar kansa kuma ya wuce likita tare da Stoke City. Daga nan aka sanar a ƙarshen 31 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2009 cewa ya sanya hannu a kan kuɗi nera miliyan 2.6 mai yiwuwa ya tashi zuwa £ 4.8 miliyan. Arismendi ya fara buga wa Stoke wasa a karawar da suka doke Blackpool da ci 4-3 a gasar League Cup a ranar 22 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2009. An sauya shi a rabin lokaci saboda rauni.
A ranar 2 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 2010 Arismendi ya koma kungiyar Brighton &amp; Hove Albion ta League One a matsayin aro wanda zai hada shi da dan kasar Gus Poyet. Lokacinsa a bakin tekun kudu rauni ya rufe shi yayin da yake jimre da mummunan yanayi wanda ya ƙare tare da jan kati akan MK Dons a wasansa na ƙarshe don ƙungiyar. A ranar 12 ga watn Yulin shekara ta 2010 Arismendi ya shiga kungiyar Barnsley ta gasar zakarun Turai a kan lamuni tsawon lokaci. Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kwallon Ingila a karawar da ta yi da Leeds United a wasan da suka ci Barnsley 5-2. Ya dawo Stoke a farkon kakar 2011 zuwa 2012 kuma yayin da ya buga wasan kwanan nan a wasu lokuta kuma ya kasance a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa. Ya buga wasanni hudu a wasannin waje a gasar UEFA Europa League ciki har da wasan karshe da suka fafata da Valencia.
Ya koma Huddersfield Town a matsayin aro a ranar 16 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 2012 har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta bana. Ya buga wasan farko na "Terriers" Washegari a matsayin mai maye gurbin wasansu na 1-1 da suka buga a Colchester United a filin wasa na Colchester Community. Farawarsa ta farko a kungiyar ta zo ne a wasan da kungiyar ta doke shugabannin gasar firimiya Charlton Athletic a ranar 24 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 2012.
Ba a saka Arismendi daga cikin 'yan wasa 25 na Stoke ba don kakar 2012 zuwa 2013 ya bar makomar sa tabbas daga Filin wasa na Britannia. An dakatar da kwantiraginsa a Stoke a karshen watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 2012 wanda ya kawo karshen talauci shekaru uku a kulob din inda ya jagoranci wasanni shida babu wanda ya zo a wasan Premier. Ya koma Uruguay kuma ya sake sanya hannu kan Nacional.
Ayyukan duniya
Ya samu damar bugawa kasarshi ta farko a wasan sada zumunci da Norway a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu a shekara ta 2008 sannan na biyu a wasan neman cancantar zuwa gasar Kofin Duniya da Bolivia duka wasannin biyu sun kare 2-2.
Rayuwar mutum
Yayin da yake zaune a Ingila, An sanya Arismendi a matsayin 'kwaro mai hayaniya' bayan tilasta maƙwabcinsa ya motsa saboda karɓar baƙuncin daren dare.
Na duniya
Source:
Tijjani Yahaya Kaura
Tijjani Yahaya Kaura Yakasance Dan Najeriya ne, dan siyasa wanda ya taɓa zama ƙaramin ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya da kuma Sakataren Gwamnati na Jahar Zamfaran, Najeriya. A yanzu shi ne Sanata mai wakiltar yankin Zamfara ta arewa a majalisar Tarayyar Najeriya. An zabe shi senata a shekarar 2015 sannan kuma aka sake zaɓen sa a karo na biyu a ranar 23 ga watan February, lokacin babban zaɓen shekara ta 2019 a Najeriya ƙarƙashin jam'iya mai mulki All Progressives Congress (APC). Shi ne ke riƙe da chairman senate committee on federal character and intergovernmental affairs.
Farkon Rayuwa
An haife shi a Najeriya, a (arewacin) Zamfarar Najeriya a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu,shekara ta alif dari tara da hamsin da tara 1959. Shi haifaffan karamar hukumar Kauran-Namoda ne da ke a jahar ta Zamfara.
Siyasa
Tijjani Yahaya Kaura kwararren dan siyasa ne a Najeriya wanda a halin yanzu sanata ne me wakiltan arewacin Zamfara kuma ya riqe matsayin SSG a baya.
Graham Allen
Graham Allen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1977) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Sarah Ladipo Manyika
Sarah Ladipo Manyika (an haife ta 7 Maris 1968) marubuciya ce 'yar asalin Burtaniya- 'yar asalin Najeriya wacce take rubuce-rubucen litattafai, gajerun labarai da kuma makaloli. Ita ce marubuciya guda biyu da aka karɓa sosai, In Dependence (2009) da Like A Mule Bringing Ice Cream To The Sun (2016), kuma yana da aikin bugawa a cikin wallafe-wallafe ciki har da Granta, Transition, Guernica, da OZY, a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Editan Littattafai na OZY. Ayyukan Manyika kuma yana cikin fasalin 2019 New Daughters of Africa.
Farkon rayuwa
Sarah Manyika an haife ta kuma ta girma a Nijeriya. Ta kuma zauna a Kenya, Faransa, Zimbabwe, da Burtaniya. Mahaifinta dan Najeriya ne kuma mahaifiyarsa ‘yar Birtaniya ce. Manyika ta gaji sunan haihuwarta (Ladipo) daga mahaifinta, wanda aka haifa a garin Ibadan (Kudu Maso Yammacin Najeriya) a ƙarshen 1930s. Mahaifinta ya sadu kuma ya auri mahaifiyarta a cikin Burtaniya a cikin shekarun 1960s. Sarah ta kwashe mafi yawan yarinta a Legas da kuma garin Jos a Jihar Filato. Yayinda take matashiya, ta zauna tsawon shekaru biyu a Nairobi, Kenya, kafin dangin ta su koma Burtaniya.
Ayyuka
Manyika ta yi karatu a Jami'o'in Birmingham (UK), Bordeaux (Faransa), da California (Berkeley), inda ta sami Ph.D daga na biyun. Ta yi aure a Harare, Zimbabwe, a 1994, kuma yanzu tana raba lokacinta tsakanin San Francisco (inda ta koyar da adabi a Jami'ar Jihar San Francisco), London da Harare.
Rubuce-rubucen nata sun hada da kasidu da aka wallafa, takardun ilimi, bitar littattafai da gajerun labarai. Gajeren labarinta mai suna "Mr Wonder" ya bayyana a cikin littafin 2008 Women Writing Zimbabwe. Littafinta na farko, In Dependence, asali an buga shi a farko Jaridar Legend, London ce ta buga shi a shekarar 2008, kuma babbar shagon sayar da litattafai ta Burtaniya ta zabi shi a matsayin littafin da ya fito da shi na watan Black History Month. A 2009, In ​​Dependence, Cassava Republic ce ta buga shi, wata jaridar wallafe-wallafen da ke zaune a Abuja, Nijeriya (da kuma na baya-bayan nan, a Burtaniya), tare da wadatattun marubuta waɗanda suka haɗa da Teju Cole da Helon Habila. Da take magana game da shawarar da ta yanke na sa hannu tare da wani mawallafin Afirka, Manyika ta ce: "Na fahimci cewa ta hanyar bayar da haƙƙin duniya ga wani mawallafin Afirka zan iya, a wata ƙaramar hanya, tooƙarin magance rashin daidaiton iko a cikin duniyar da masu tsaron ƙofofin adabi, har ma da abin da ake kira labaran Afirka, suna da tushe a yamma." A shekarar 2014, kamfanin Weaver Press ya buga In Dependence a kasar Zimbabwe, in da yake wani littafi ne tsayayyen wanda ya dace da shi domin ci gaban Adabin Ingilishi. Hakanan an gabatar da In Dependence ta hanyar JAMB a Nijeriya don candidatesan takarar da ke zaune a 2017 UTME.
Littafin na biyu na Manyika, Like A Mule Bringing Ice Cream to the Sun, a kan buga shi a cikin bazarar 2016 wasu marubuta da yawa sun amince da shi, gami da Bernardine Evaristo ("Labarin Manyika game da wata tsohuwa 'yar Najeriya ba shi da nutsuwa, yana da wayewa kuma yana faɗaɗa kundin adabin zamani na Afirka zuwa maraba da sabon yanki"),
Abdulkadir Dan Bawa
Abdulkadir Dan Bawa shi ne Sarkin Fulani na 8 a jihar à Ilorin. Ya gaji mahaifinsa, Shuaib Bawa a matsayin Sarki a shekara ta 1919. An nada Bawa a matsayin Sarki bisa shawarar mai rikon kwarya na Ilorin, Kenneth Elphinstone. Ya yi sarauta daga shekara ta 1920 zuwa shekara ta 1959, kuma ya ga yawancin sauye-sauyen tsarin mulki da aka fara bayan kafuwar Najeriya a  shekara ta 1914.
Sarah Ladipo Manyika
Ayyuka
Aminatta Forna ("kyakkyawa kuma kyakkyawa ce aka kirkira ... Labarin Sarah Manyika yana nuna mutane na gari cikin mafi kyawun su. lifaukakawa!"), NoViolet Bulawayo ("Mai hankali, mai son sha'awa, mai ban dariya, da motsi"), Jamal Mahjoub ("Manyika tana rubutu da babbar murya da nutsuwa, tana haskaka halayenta da wayewar kai"), Peter Orner ("Kyakkyawan, muhimmin sabon labari, kuma wanda zai ci gaba da yin kuwwa a cikin tunanin mai karatu na dogon lokaci bayan"), E. C. Osondu ("wanda ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba ... tunani mai ƙarfi kan rashi, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙaura da kadaici. Abubuwan haruffa a cikin wannan littafin zasu kasance tare da ku "), kuma Brian Chikwava ("Wani ƙagaggen labari ne, koyaushe abin mamaki ne"). An fassara shi zuwa harsuna da yawa.
Abdulkadir Dan Bawa
Rayuwa
An ba da sanarwar shawarar Bawa game da Masarauta ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a Nuwamban shekara ta 1919, Hugh Clifford ne ya ɗora shi a ƙa'ida a watan Fabrairun shekara. ta 1920. Mulkinsa ya fara ne a lokacin da yake mulkin kai tsaye kuma saboda haka ya kasance shugaban hukumar 'yan asalin Ilorin. Mulkinsa ya yi dai-dai da gina manyan tituna a cikin garin Ilorin, gami da hanyoyin da suka hada masarautar Ilorin zuwa Lafiaji, Jebba da Kogin Neja.
Sarah Ladipo Manyika
Ayyuka
Like A Mule Bringing Ice Cream to the Sun an jera shi a cikin Satumba 2016 don Goldsmiths Prize (tare da littattafai ta Rachel Cusk, Deborah Levy, Eimear McBride, Mike McCormack and Anakana Schofield), "labari na farko na Afirka da aka fara tunanin samun wannan kyautar", wanda aka kirkireshi don bayar da lada ga almara wanda ya karya tsarin ko ya faɗaɗa damar sabonn littafin. Hakanan an zaba littafin don kyautar California Book Award a cikin labaran almara (tare da ayyukan irin waɗannan marubutan Andrew Sean Greer, Percival Everett, and Viet Thanh Nguyen). Na farawa don Like a Mule Bringing Ice Cream to the Sun Manyika ta ce: "Na sadu da tsofaffi mata da yawa waɗanda suka yi rayuwa mai launuka iri-iri, amma duk da haka idan ya zo ga almara, ban sami labarai da yawa da ke nuna wannan ba, musamman idan ya zo ga rayuwar baƙar fata mata. Lokacin da ba zan iya samun labaran da zan so karantawa ba, sai in gwada rubuta su da kaina." Sunan labarin sabon layi ne da aka yarda dashi daga wata waka da Mary Ruefle ta kira "Donkey On".
Abdulkadir Dan Bawa
Rayuwa
A shekara ta 1935, majalisar masarautar Ilorin ta sami rikici wanda zanga-zangar Mogaji Aare, Baloguns da Baba Isale suka fara, wadanda dukkaninsu sarakuna ne masu martaba a garin. Membobin majalisar gargajiyar suna zanga-zangar nuna rashin yarda da ikonsu da wasu masu fada a ji da kuma ma'aikatan Gudanarwar 'Yan Nasa. Manyan shugabannin sun kaurace wa fadar na 'yan watanni har sai da mai mulkin mallaka ya sasanta rikicin. A cikin shekara ta 1956, wani rukuni da sunan Ilorin Talaka Parapo ya zama mashahuri a cikin gwamnatin Hukumar Native. Asali kungiya ce ta siyasa da kuma harkokin kasuwanci wacce wasu 'yan kasuwa ke jagoranta kamar su Sule Maito, dillalin shanu, da Busari Isale Oja, wani dan kasuwa. Kungiyar ta harzuka saboda ganin wuce gona da iri da Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Kasa ta yi, kamar sanya kudin ruwa a garin Ilorin. Bayan rashin amincewar ta daga jagorancin kasa na yankin Arewa wanda ya mamaye NPC, kungiyar ta hada kai da kungiyar Yammacin yankin mai suna Action Group sannan daga baya ta lashe manyan zabuka ga gwamnatin Native Authority a 1956. Kungiyar ta ci gaba da aiwatar da wasu canje-canje a tsarin hukumar, tare da sallamar masu biyayya ga masarautar gargajiya. Koyaya, shawarar da aka yanke don yin tunanin haɗewa tare da yankin Yammaci ya haifar da ƙauracewar membobin da ba Yarbawa ba a cikin ƙungiyar kuma ikon ƙungiyar ya ƙi.
Sarah Ladipo Manyika
Ayyuka
Manyika ita ce mai ba da gudummawa ga tarihin 2019 New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent, edita daga Margaret Busby, shiga cikin abubuwan haɗi.
Suleiman Abdu Kwari
Suleiman Abdu Kwari yakasance Dan Najeriya ne, kuma dan'siyasa wanda aka zaba amatsayin Sanata mai wakiltan Kaduna ta Arewa a majalisar Tarayyar Nijeriya. Haifaffen birnin Zaria ne, kuma tsohon kwamishinan kudi na gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna Najeriya. An zaɓe shi a karkashin jam'iyar All Progressives Congress (APC).
Sarah Ladipo Manyika
Ayyuka
Rubuce-rubuce marasa almara na Manyika sun haɗa da kasidu na sirri da kuma bayanan zurfin bayanan mutanen da ta haɗu da su, gami da Evan Mawarire, Toni Morrison and Michelle Obama.
Muwahhidism
Muwahidin ko Muwahid Musulmi ne wani Ƙungiyar Musulmi ne da suka yarda da al'ada Musulunci. Wurin girmamawa akan manufar tawhid. Muwahidists yi imani da cewa Muslim addini ya hankali aka gauraye da yawa al'adu hadisai. Suna son dawo da imanin musulinci ga asalinsa. Wannan yana nufin bautar Allah. Sun yards da Rukunnan Musulunci guda biyar.
Kalangu
Yadda ake gudanar da kalangu a kasar Hausa
Ana kiran makadin dashi da tawagarsa domin suzo su nishadan da masu kallo, ayi rawa ayi ihu
Tarihin Kalangu
Kalangu yana da dadadden tahiri kuma ya samo asaline Africa ta kudu tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Ya samo asali daga mutanen Bono, Hausa, Yaruba da masarautan Ghana.
Princess Halliday
Princess Halliday ta kasance mai gabatar da shirye shirye a talabijin, malamar koyar da ɗabi'a ce, kuma jakadiya mai jagoranci jagoranci, magana ne mai masaukin baki, injiniya mai horar da mai, masaniyar sadarwa, mai magana da motsa motsa lokaci da kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo lokaci-lokaci. Ita ce ta kafa Cibiyar Taimakawa Afirka. Tana daya daga cikin mata sanannu a yankin Africa, wacce ta fito daga kasar Najeriya.
Halliday mai watsa shiri ce kuma mai gabatarwa na The Princess Halliday Show, wanda ke gudana akan M-Net akan dandalin DSTV a duk fadin kasashen Afirka 48. An kuma watsa shi a duk fadin Najeriya ta gidan Talbijin na Silverbird, da kuma a Burtaniya akan gidan talabijin na Bana.
Farkon rayuwa
Zauren yawon shakatawa daga tsibirin Bonny na jihar Ribas, Najeriya; Mahaifiyarta ta fito daga Halliday Awusa "King Halliday" Gidan Masarautar Bonny,  sanya Halliday a matsayin gimbiya ta hanyar haihuwa.
Lokacin da ta cika shekaru 3, ta dauki bakuncin taron rediyo na farko da ta gabatar, Kiddies World kuma har ya zuwa shekaru 14, ta rike mukamai da yawa a kamfanoni daban-daban. Ta shiga jami'a tun tana shekara 15 da zama Injiniyan Man Fetur. Ta yi aiki a bangarorin sama da na ƙasa na mai da gas.
Halliday, baya ga Ingilishi, yana iya magana da yaren Hindi, wasu Faransanci da Larabci.