cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Aminul Islam (poet)
Rayuwar adabi
Aminul Islam ya kasance mai son adabi, musamman waka tun yana yaro. Yana son kiɗa da waƙoƙi daidai. Ya fara rubuta wakoki a rayuwar dalibai. Littafinsa na farko na wakoki (Tantra Theke Doore) an buga shi a cikin shekara ta 2002. Yana da litattafan wakoki 20, littafin wakokin yara guda 3 da kuma littafan kasidu guda 2 da za a yaba masa. Yana daya daga cikin mawakan da aka fi tattaunawa a lokacinsa a Bangladesh. Dubban manyan mawaka da masu sharhi da malaman adabi sun yi rubutu             ]                                                          akan waqoqinsa da kuma siffanta shi a matsayin xaya daga cikin mawaqi masu qarfi da salo na musamman.
Fitaccen marubuci kuma marubucin almara, mai bincike kuma mai suka Hasnat Abdul Hye a cikin labarinsa na Bengali ya bayyana ". . . . Ana iya siffanta irin wannan mawaƙin a matsayin 'mawaƙin haifaffe', 'mai sadaukarwa', 'recluse'. Amma karanta wakokinsa, an fahimci cewa shi mawaƙin asali ne. Ya kirkiri harshensa na rubuta wakoki wanda ya kasance na birni da na hakika. Kwarewar rayuwar yau da kullun ba kawai batun yawancin wakokinsa ba ne, ya yi amfani da sabbin kalmomi da yawa ba tare da wahala da fasaha ba. Ba na jinkirin kira shi 'zamani' don wannan fasalin. Babu wani ƙari ne a ce shi ne mawaƙin farko na Digital Age. "
Shahararren mawaki kuma mai suka Khyam Quader ya ce “Mawaki Aminul Islam, bisa lallashin abubuwan da aka ambata a sama da rukunan wakoki, ina jin, ya tsara wani kamus na wakoki na kansa. Dangane da haka, Shafiuddin Ahmed, a cikin makalarsa ta ‘ Aminul Islam: Mawaƙin Tushen Wa’azi, yana cewa – “Yadda ya ke yin ɗaki a duniyarsa na magana da jeri na harshe, sai ya tashi da ƙyalli na haskaka kansa. '' . (Dristy, fitowar Aminul Islam na Biren Mukherjee; watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2020, shafi-21. Yadda yake tattara kalmominsa, tsarin sarrafa kalmomi, salon gabatar da harshe da kamanni, darajar ƙamus da ɗaukaka, sauƙaƙan sakin tunani da nau'in tunani na jigo - duk suna da gaske kuma suna da kyan gani kuma sun bambanta da na zamaninsa. Yakan zabo ya kuma mallaki harshensa daga kusan dukkan bangarori na al’amuran dan’adam, kuma yana ba su da kuma ba su jigogi iri-iri na zahirin gaskiya.
Ƴancin karamci
Ƴancin karamci ( [hɔs̠ˈpɪt̪iʊ̃] ; ξενία , xenia, προξενία) shi ne tsohuwar ra'ayin Greco-Roman na karimci a matsayin haƙƙin allahntaka na baƙo da kuma aikin allahntaka na mai masaukin baki. Irin kwatankwacin su sun kasance kuma ana san su a wasu al'adu, kodayake ba koyaushe da wannan sunan ba. A cikin Helenawa da Romawa, masaukin yana da nau'i biyu: na sirri da na jama'a.
Na sirri
A zamanin Homeric, duk baƙi, ba tare da togiya ba, an ɗauke su a ƙarƙashin kariya na Zeus Xenios, allahn baƙi da masu ba da fatawa, kuma suna da haƙƙin karɓar baƙi. (Yana da shakka ko kuma, kamar yadda ake zato,An dauke su a facto ; sun kasance baƙi ne. ) Nan da nan da isowarsa, baƙon ya sa tufafi da nishaɗi, kuma ba a yi tambaya game da sunansa ko magabata ba har sai an cika aikin baƙo. Lokacin da bakon ya rabu da mai masaukin nasa ana yawan ba shi kyauta (ξένια), to Amman Kuma wani lokaci ma mutuwa (ἀστράγαλος) yakan karye a tsakaninsu. Kowannensu ya ɗauki bangare, an kafa alaƙar dangi, kuma mutuwar da aka karye ta zama alamar ganewa; don haka membobin kowane iyali sun samu a cikin sauran runduna da masu tsaro idan akwai bukata.
Jama'a
Yawancin lokuta suna faruwa idan irin wannan ofishi na gado ne; Don haka dangin Callias a Athens sun kasance proxeni na Spartans. Mun sami ofishin da aka ambata a cikin rubutun Corcyraean mai yiwuwa daga karni na 7 BC, kuma ya ci gaba da girma mafi mahimmanci kuma akai-akai a cikin tarihin Girkanci. Babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa an taɓa haɗa kowane nau'i na kai tsaye a ofishin, yayin da kashe kuɗi da matsalar da ke tattare da shi dole ne galibi ya yi yawa sosai. Watakila karamcin da ya zo da shi ya isa lada. Waɗannan sun ƙunshi wani ɓangare a cikin babban girmamawa da daraja da aka biya ga proxenus, kuma wani ɓangare a cikin ƙarin ƙarin girma da yawa da aka ba da umarnin musamman na jihar wanda wakilinsa ya kasance, kamar 'yanci daga haraji da nauyin jama'a, haƙƙin samun dukiya a Attica. shigar da majalisar dattijai da kuma mashahuran majalisa, kuma watakila ma cikakken dan kasa.
Chris Williamson (mai tsalle-tsalle)
Chris Williamson (an haife shi a watan Mayu 5, 1972) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Kanada kuma zakaran Paralympic. Mahaifinsa, Peter, ya kasance mai gudun skater ga Kanada a wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu na 1968 kuma daga baya ya horar da taurari kamar Mike Ireland da Clara Hughes.
Ƴancin karamci
Jama'a
Ga alama gidan masaukin jama'a kuma ya kasance a tsakanin jinsin Italiya; amma yanayin tarihinsu ya hana shi zama mai mahimmanci kamar na Girka. To Amman Duk da haka, al'amuran sun faru na kafa karimcin jama'a tsakanin biranen biyu ( Roma da Caere, Livy v. 50), da kuma garuruwan da suka shiga matsayi na abokin ciniki ga wasu fitattun Roman, wanda ya zama majibincin irin wannan gari. Majalisar dattijai ta kan ba baki 'yancin karbar baki daga kasashen waje har zuwa karshen jamhuriyar. Masu masaukin baki na jama'a suna da 'yancin yin nishaɗi a kuɗin jama'a, shigar da sadaukarwa da wasanni, haƙƙin siye da siyarwa akan asusun kansa, da kuma gabatar da wani mataki a doka ba tare da sa hannun wani majiɓincin Romawa ba.
Chris Williamson (mai tsalle-tsalle)
Williamson ya fafata a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi na 2010 a Vancouver, Canada. Ya zama na 4 a cikin Giant Slalom, na 6 a cikin Slalom, na 4 a cikin Super haɗe, naƙasasshe, da na 6 a cikin Super-G, mai nakasa gani. Jagoran da ya gani a Vancouver 2010 da Sochi 2014 shine Nick Brush.
Ƴancin karamci
Jama'a
Za a sami cikakken littafin tarihin batun a cikin labarin a Daremberg da Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiqutés, wanda za a iya ƙara Rudolf von Jhering. Die Gastfreundschaft im Altertum (1887); duba kuma Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (ed 3rd., 1890).
Chris Williamson (mai tsalle-tsalle)
Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin 2014, an shigar da Williamson cikin Babban Fame na Nakasa na Kanada.
Ƴancin karamci
Asibitin Medieval
A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar, an tsawaita kalmar, a duk faɗin Turai, don komawa zuwa ginin ko hadaddun gine-ginen da aka haɗe zuwa gidan sufi, inda mahajjata da sauran ƙananan baƙi za su iya samun baƙi ko masauki, gami da masaukin da aka gina.
Babban Masallacin Legos
Babban masallacin Legas muhimmin masallacin juma'a ne a tsibirin Legas kuma gidan babban limamin Legas. Tana kan titin Nnamdi Azikiwe mai cike da jama'a. An buɗe Masallacin na yanzu don amfani a watan Mayun 1988, inda aka raba wani masallacin da aka gina a tsakanin 1908 zuwa 1913. Babban limamin ya jagoranci sallar juma'a a masallacin kuma shi ne mai kula da masallacin. A tsawon shekaru jami’an majalisar zartaswa na masallacin suna baiwa daidaikun mutane mukamai. Babban taken shi ne Baba Adinni, wanda Mista Runmonkun ya fara yi. kuma kwanan nan aka ba AW Elias, Wahab Folawiyo da Abdul Hafiz Abou. Masu rike da mukamai biyu na farko sun taka rawar gani wajen gina sabon masallacin zamani.
Babban Masallacin Legas
Majalisar musulmin Jamat ta Legas ce ta gina babban masallacin farko a Legas wanda ya kafa majalisar zartarwa na babban masallacin Legas a wajajen shekara ta 1905. An kammala ginin sabon masallacin a watan Yulin 1913 kuma ya yi hidima ga al'ummar Legas na tsawon shekaru 70.
An fara gina sabon masallaci jim kadan bayan bikin jubilee na zinariya na tsohon masallacin tsakiya a shekara ta 1963. Wasu ’yan uwa ne suke ganin tsohon masallacin ya kasance a matsayin katafaren ginin da ya dace da da’awa yayin da wasu suka gwammace a tsawaita tsohon ginin. Da farko dai an tara kudade a shekarar 1973 domin gina katafaren ginin tsohon masallaci da kuma sayan kadarori na kusa. Daga baya aka ajiye shirin tare da yawancin membobin sun gwammace sabon gini; Daga karshe an ruguza tsohon masallacin a shekarar 1983. Daga nan ne ‘yan uwa suka halarci sallar Juma’a a wani masallacin Alli-Balogun da ke kusa da shi har aka kammala sabon masallacin.
Shugaba Babangida ne ya buɗe shi a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, 1988, wanda G. Cappa Ltd ya gina sabon masallacin. Tana da fitattun ma'auni guda huɗu, ƙanana biyu da tsayi biyu, ƙanana kuma ana ajiye su a saman ƙofar shiga, manyan kuma suna gefen ginin yamma da gabas. Wurin ginin yana da kusan kaɗaɗa ɗaya kuma yana cinye sararin sama da mita 50 tare da Nnamdi Azikiwe. Sabuwar kofar ginin ta kai ga riwaq, wanda ginshiƙai masu ƙayatarwa suka ƙarfafa shi kuma a gefensa akwai tsakar gida ko Sahn. Ana gudanar da aikin addu'a ne da dakin addu'a mai fadin murabba'in mita 750 tare da kubba ta tsakiya da aka yi da karfe mai tsayin mita 15 kuma a bayyane a waje saboda lullubin da aka yi da zinari. Akwai sarari a ƙarƙashin ginin ga rumbun limamai da suka rasu da kuma manyan mambobi da kuma yin amfani da su a matsayin tuƙi a gareji. Har ila yau, ginin yana da katafaren ofis, dakin karatu, cibiyar islamiyya da falo na babban Limamin.
Manazarta
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Wakilan Majalisar Tarayyar Najeriya daga Kaduna
Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga Kaduna ta kunshi Sanatoci uku masu wakiltar Kaduna ta tsakiya ta Arewa, da Kaduna ta Kudu, da wakilai goma sha biyar masu wakiltar Birnin-Gwari/Giwa, Lere, Zangon Kataf/Jaba, Jema’a/Sanga, Kaura, Kauru, Igabi, Chikun. /Kajuru, Kachia/Kagarko, Kaduna South, Maƙarfi/Kudan, Ikara/Kubau, Kaduna North, Soba, Zaria Federal.
Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Raga ta Afirka
Gasar cin kofin kwallon raga ta Afirka na gasar cin kofin zakarun kungiyoyin kwallon raga, gasar kwallon raga ce ta duniya da kungiyar kwallon raga ta Afirka ke gudanarwa a duk shekara. An gayyaci wadanda suka lashe kofin gasar kwallon raga ta nahiyar Afirka domin halartar wannan gasa.
Hukumar Kwallon Tebur ta Afirka
Hukumar kwallon tebur ta Afirka ( ATTF ) tana daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasan kwallon tebur na nahiyar da kungiyar kwallon tebur ta kasa da kasa (ITTF; international table tennis federation) ta amince da ita.
Salma hayek
Salma Hayek Pinault / / HY - ek HY Spanish: [ˈsalma ˈxaʝek]; An haifi Salma Valgarma Hayek Jiménez ; Satumba 2, 1966) yar wasan Mexico ce da Amurka kuma mai shirya fina-finai. Ta fara aikinta a Mexico tare da rawar tauraro a cikin telenovela Teresa (1989 – 1991) da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Midaq Alley (1995). Ba da daɗewa ba ta kafa kanta a Hollywood tare da fitowa a fina-finai kamar Desperado (1995), Daga Dusk har Dawn (1996), Wild Wild West (1999), da Dogma (1999).
Mushaf
A muṣḥaf ( Larabci: مُصْحَفْ‎, pronounced [ˈmʊsˤħaf] ; jam'i مَصَاحِف maṣāḥif ) kalma ce ta Larabci don codex ko tarin zanen gado, amma kuma tana nufin kwafin Alqur'ani a rubuce. surori na Kur'ani, waɗanda Musulmai suka yi imani an saukar da su a cikin shekaru 23 a rayuwar Muhammadu, an rubuta su a kan takarda daban-daban a zamanin Muhammadu. Shekaru ashirin bayan haka, an tattara waɗannan takardu zuwa juzu'i ɗaya a ƙarƙashin halifa na uku, Uthman ibn Affan, kuma wannan tarin ya zama tushen duk rubutattun kwafin Alqur'ani har zuwa yau.
Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga jihar Adamawa
Manazarta
Duba
Edmund Spenser
Edmund Spenser (/ˈspɛnsər/; 1552/1553 - 13 Janairu O.S. 1599) wani mawaƙin Ingilishi ne wanda aka fi sani da The Faerie Queene, kwararre a waƙar almara da kwatance mai ban mamaki na bikin daular Tudor da Elizabeth I. An san shi a matsayin daya daga cikin ƙwararrun mawaqan zube na Turanci wa'enda suka zamani kuma galibi ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa a cikin harshen Ingilishi.
Ƴancin yawon shakatawa
Yawon shakatawa na zuwa Rock wani rangadin kide-kide ne na kungiyar kiss ta Amurka. Yawon shakatawa ya mamaye kasuwanni na biyu da kuma ƙananan garuruwa a cikin shekarar 2016. An fara rangadin ne a ranar 4 ga Yuli a Tucson, Arizona, wanda ke nuna alamar komawa birnin a karon farko tun shekarata 2000. Ziyarar ta kasance farkon cikakken sikelin yawon shakatawa na Arewacin Amurka don ƙungiyar tun shekarata 2014.
A cikin shirin yawon shakatawa na zagaye na ƙarshe na ƙungiyar, Stanley ya yi tunani game da yawon shakatawa:
Tarihi
A nunin Rockford, Illinois, Cheap Trick 's Rick Nielsen ya shiga rukunin rukunin don yin wasan " Rock and Roll All Nite ".
liyafar
Emerson Malone na Daily Emerald ya kwatanta wasan kwaikwayon Eugene, Oregon a matsayin "Musicly, Kuma banda har yanzu yana sauti mai ban mamaki kuma saitin ya zo tare da abubuwa masu yawa don ƙauna: Thayer's inky, sludgy guitar a " Kira Dr. Love " da " Strutter ," Drum Singer ya cika " Cold Gin ," kuma Mawaƙi yana ɗaukar ikon yin muryoyin a lokacin ballad mai haske mai haske " Beth ."
Lacey Paige, na Exclaim, ya yaba da yanayin ban sha'awa na kiss kiss, kamar yadda "Ga matasa masu sauraro, fuskantar wani kiss kiss a karon farko kamar shiga cikin na'ura na lokaci da komawa zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 1970s, lokacin da New York- tushen glam-shock-rockers' sana'ar ta haura zuwa kololuwar darajar rock'n'roll. Nunin Kiss daidai ya ƙunshi masu zikiri na wancan lokacin, yana ba wa tsofaffin al'ummomin magoya baya damar su sake rayawa da jin daɗin ainihin ƙuruciyarsu."
Mike Baltierra, na Seattle Music Insider, ya yi nazari mai kyau game da wasan kwaikwayo na Kennewick, Washington: "Stanley ya sa taron jama'a suna cin abinci daga tafin hannunsa. Yayin da Simmons ya lullube kan taron, sannan Thayer ya tsage riff bayan tsagewa, kuma Singer ya buga ganguna."
Saita jeri
Wannan shi ne jeri daga nunin farko na yawon shakatawa, kuma maiyuwa baya wakiltar yawancin yawon shakatawa:
Encore
Babban
Yawon shakatawa ya samu $15.4 miliyan, tare da tikiti 233,262 da aka sayar a cikin nunin 40.
Filazan Admiralty Circle
Admiralty Circle dakunan shaguna ne da ke karamar hukumar Eti-Osa na Jihar Lagos a Najeriya. An gina ta ne don hidimar ma tafiya daga kilomita 49 na babban titin Lekki zuwa Ekiti. ta kasance haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin 'Yan kasuwa da gwamnatin Jihar Lagos da Messer Ikeja Concession Company Limited LCc. An bude filazan ne a ranar 5 ga watan Junairun shekara ta 2011.
Illolin sauyin yanayi a kan kananan kasashen tsibiri
Illar sauyin yanayi a kan ƙananan ƙasashe na tsibiri, na iya zama matsananci saboda ƙananan bakin teku, ƙananan ƙasashe, da kuma fuskantar matsanancin yanayi. Tasirin sauyin yanayi, musamman hawan matakin teku da kuma tsananin tsananin guguwar yanayi, suna barazana ga wanzuwar ƙasashen tsibirai da dama, da jama'ar tsibiri da al'adunsu, kuma za su canza yanayi da muhallinsu. Ƙasashe masu tasowa da yawa (SIDS) suna daga cikin ƙasashe masu rauni ga sauyin yanayi.
Wasu ƙananan tsibirai da ƙananan jama'a ba su da isasshen albarkatu don kare tsibiran su, mazauna, da albarkatun ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari ga hatsarori ga lafiyar ɗan Adam, rayuwa, da sararin da ba za a iya rayuwa ba, matsin lamba na barin tsibiran yana sau da yawa saboda rashin samun damar albarkatun da ake buƙata don ƙaura. Ƙasashen Caribbean, Tsibiran Pasifik da Maldives sun riga sun fuskanci tasirin sauyin yanayi, suna mai da ƙoƙarin aiwatar da daidaita sauyin yanayi wani muhimmin batu a gare su.
Ƙoƙarin yaƙi da waɗannan sauye-sauyen muhalli yana ci gaba kuma na ƙasa da ƙasa. Saboda raunin da suke da shi da iyakacin gudummawar da suke bayarwa wajen fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, wasu ƙasashen tsibiran sun ba da shawarar yin hadin gwiwa a duniya kan daƙile sauyin yanayi wani muhimmin ɓangare na manufofinsu na ketare. Gwamnatoci suna fuskantar wani aiki mai wuyar gaske yayin da suke haɗa kayan aikin launin toka tare da kayan aikin kore da mafita na tushen yanayi don taimakawa tare da gudanar da haɗarin bala'i a cikin yankuna kamar sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa, tsarin faɗakarwa da wuri, hanyoyin tushen yanayi, da haɗaɗɗen sarrafa albarkatun ruwa. Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2022, bankin raya Asiya ya yi alƙawarin dala biliyan 3.62 don taimakawa ƙananan ƙasashe masu tasowa na tsibiri da ayyukan sauyin yanayi, sufuri, makamashi, da ayyukan kiwon lafiya.
Tushen gas na Greenhouse
Ƙasashe Masu Haɓaka Ƙananan Tsibiri suna ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga hayakin iskar gas a duniya, tare da jimlar ƙasa da 1%. Duk da haka, wannan baya nuna cewa ba a samar da hayakin da ake fitarwa kwata-kwata, kuma an rubuta cewa jimillar iskar gas da ake fitarwa daga tsibiran na iya zuwa daga 292.1 zuwa 29,096.2 [metric] tonne CO -daidai.
Tasiri kan yanayin yanayi
Tasirin da ake tsammani a kan ƙananan tsibiran sun haɗa da:
Akwai illa na biyu da yawa na sauyin yanayi da hawan teku musamman ga ƙasashen tsibirin. A cewar ma'aikatar Kifi da namun daji ta Amurka, canjin yanayi a cikin tsibiran Pacific zai haifar da "ci gaba da haɓakar iska da yanayin yanayin teku a cikin tekun Pacific, ƙara yawan matsanancin yanayi, da yawan ruwan sama a cikin watanni na rani da raguwar ruwan sama a lokacin bazara. watannin hunturu". Wannan zai haifar da canje-canje daban-daban ga ƙanana, bambance-bambance, da keɓantaccen yanayin tsibiri da halittun da ke cikin yawancin waɗannan ƙasashen tsibirin.
Majalisar Birnin Lagos
Majalisar Birnin Legas wani sashe ne na karamar hukuma da aka kafa a shekarar 1917. Daga farkon, tana kula da musamman harkokin lafiya da tsaftar gari da kuma aiwatar da ƙimar kula da ruwa. A shekarar 1950, wata sabuwar dokar kananan hukumomi ta kirkiro majalisar magajin gari wadda ta kunshi zababbun kansiloli 24, wannan tsarin ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 1953. A shekarar 1963, majalisar garin ta zama Majalisar Birnin Legas.
Tarihi
Majalisar Birnin Legas ta samo asali ne bayan zartar da dokar birane a shekara ta 1917 da ta ayyana sassan Legas Island, Iddo, Apapa, da Ebute Metta a matsayin biranen Legas wanda majalisar birni za ta gudanar. Bayan gabatar da majalisar, ta dauki nauyin gudanar da ayyukan hukumar kula da tsaftar muhalli da na kananan hukumomi, kuma an dora mata alhakin tsarawa da bayar da lasisin da ya shafi kasuwannin jama’a, da sayar da barasa, da ababen hawa, bugu da kari, bayar da kudin kula da ruwa, da dabbobi. dokokin kulawa sun zo ƙarƙashin ikon sabuwar majalisar. Tun da farko dai majalisar ta gabatar da sunayen ‘yan majalisar har zuwa shekarar 1919, inda sauye-sauyen tsarin suka share fagen zaben wakilai uku, kowannen su ne ke wakiltar mazabarsa, yayin da gwamna ya nada sauran mambobin. A cikin 1923, an kafa jam'iyyar National Democratic Party ta Najeriya a wani bangare don gabatar da 'yan takara a duk shekara biyar ga Majalisar Dokoki da kuma kowace shekara uku ga Majalisar Garin Legas. A cikin 1941, sauye-sauyen gudanarwa sun ba majalisa ikon shigar da haraji.
Tsarin Magajin gari (1950 - 1953)
An yi gyare-gyare ga
tsarin a shekarar 1950 bayan zartar da dokar karamar hukumar Legas ta 17, gyare-gyaren sun hada da samar da duk wanda aka zaba da kuma gabatar da mukamin magajin garin Legas. Sabuwar dokar ta tanadi zababbun mambobi 24 da maza da mata masu shekaru 21 zuwa sama suka zaba. Tsakanin 1950 zuwa 1952 majalisar ta kasance mafi rinjaye a karkashin jam'iyyar 'Demo' wacce aka fi sani da Nigerian National Democratic Party, reshen NCNC, jam'iyyar ta zabi Ibiyinka Olorunimbe a matsayin magajin garin Legas na farko da Mbonu Ojike a matsayin mataimakin magajin gari. Duk da haka, yanayin siyasa ta tabarbare, akwai batun albashin da ya dace ga Magajin Gari kuma lokacin da kundin tsarin mulkin Mcpherson ya sanya sassan Legas karkashin ikon gwamnatin yankin Yammacin Turai, sannan mafi rinjaye a karkashin jagorancin Action Group, an kafa dokar yanki. inda ya bayyana cewa manyan shawarwarin nadi da majalisar ta yanke na bukatar Laftanar Gwamna ya amince da su. Duk da haka, majalisar ta cika da yawa daga cikin sharuɗɗanta na shari'a, kuma ta goyi bayan tsare-tsaren sabunta birane ciki har da ci gaban gidaje a Surulere, ba da izini ga marasa galihu a tsibirin Legas da kuma ba da shawara na shirin ilimi kyauta a Oke Suna.
A shekarar 1953, an soke mukamin Magajin Gari, an ba wa cibiyar gargajiya ta Legas dama na samu wakilci a majalisar. An naɗa Oba na Legas, shugaban kansila
1954-1963
A shekarar 1954, kungiyar Action Group ne ke da rinjaye a majalisar kuma ta mamaye majalisar har sai da aka mayar da ita majalisar birnin Legas.
Agbekoya
A Agbekoya Parapo yayi haddin shari'a a 1968-1969, shi ne wanda aka fi sani da Agbekoya ko Egbe Agbekoya ya kasan ce yayi tawaye na manoma wanda hakan ya kasance ne a wani ƙauyen dake Najeriya, wanda yankin Yoruba sun kasan ce mafi yawan jama'a a kasar. Mutanen Ibadan na Jihar Oyo ta yanzu suka yi wannan yaƙin kuma suka ci nasara akan Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya, a madadin duk ƙasar Yarbawa. Wasu garuruwa biyu na Ibadan ne suka jagorance ta: AKaran da ƙauyen Akufo. Ita ce sananniyar tawayen siyasa da manoma ke jagoranta a tarihin Yammacin Najeriya, kuma ƙungiyoyin talakawa na ci gaba da ambaton shi a matsayin kyakkyawan nasarar aikin gama gari a kan manufofin gwamnati da ba a so. An yi tawayen ne da nufin tayar da hankali don rage harajin, duk da cewa wasu sun yi imanin cewa akwai masu haifar da siyasa.
Bayan Fage
A cikin shekarun 1950, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Najeriya ta kafa wuraren adana kayayyaki na cikin gida a sassa da dama na kasar. Wuraren ajiye kaya sun zama shagunan musayar kayayyakin da gwamnati ke sha'awar siyo daga manoma. Yankin Yamma mai albarka ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe da suka fi samar da koko a duniya, kuma gwamnatin yankin na fatan ƙara yawan kuɗin harajin da take samu daga manoma ta hanyar daidaita siyar da amfanin gona ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar aikin gona na jihohi, wanda kuma aka sani da allon talla. Yawancin samfuran da za a siyar da su za a yi su ne ta hanyar kimantawa, jarrabawa, kuma wani lokacin yin ciniki kafin siye. Dangane da wannan yanayin, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar manoma don wakiltar sha'awar manoma a cikin sabon tsarin talla. An fassara daga Yarbanci, Agbekoya Parapo na nufin "ƙungiyar manoma da ke ƙin wahala." Ƙungiyar ta kasance magaji ga tsarin asali na ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar aiki daidai da ƙungiyar ƙwadago kuma ta ɗauki al'adun guilds na sana'a waɗanda suka tsara ƙa'idodin aiki da manufofi na ƙarni a yankin. Ma'aikatan Yarbawa a cikin sana'o'i daban -daban bisa al'ada sun tsara kansu zuwa "egbes", ƙungiyoyi na ƙungiyoyi da guilds waɗanda ke kare muradun membobinsu a cikin yanayin da ke buƙatar ɗaukar matakin gama gari.
A farkon farkon samun 'yancin kan Najeriya, Action Group, babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Yankin Yammaci, ta dauki wani tsari na warware matsalolin yankin baki daya. Hanyoyi da yawa da ke zuwa ƙauyuka an yi wa kwaskwarima, an ba da daraja ga ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, an kuma samar da makarantu don ingantaccen ilimi. Duk da haka, yayin da fagen siyasar Najeriya ya zama mafi rikitarwa tare da daure babban jagoran siyasa Cif Obafemi Awolowo, juyin mulkin 1966, da kuma farkon yakin Biafra, 'yan siyasa sun zo kallon manoma a matsayin' yan amshin shata don amfani da dabarun zabe. A gida daffo jami'an ma ya fara gabatar da kansu a matsayin qananan talakansa iyayengiji, m cin hanci da kuma sauran asasshe daga manoman kafin karbar su girbi for sale. Abubuwan da aka samar sun fara zamewa zuwa mummunan yanayi, duk da cewa gwamnati ta ci gaba da neman haraji don kula da su.
Membobin gungun dabbobin da ba su dace ba waɗanda a ƙarshe suka haɗa kansu zuwa Agbekoya sun fara haɓaka dabarun yaƙi yayin bala'in cutar kumburi a kan gonakin koko a cikin shekarun 1950. Suna kiran kansu Kungiyar Maiyegun (ko 'Yawa Mai Yawa'), sun bijirewa yunkurin wakilan gwamnati na lalata bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa akan cewa manoma ba za su iya rasa amfanin gona ba tare da diyya ba. An yi artabun tashin hankali da dama kafin a sasanta lamarin don goyon bayan gasar. Yayin da rumbunan adana kayan cikin gida suka zama cibiyoyi a rayuwar tattalin arziƙin talakawan manoma, ƙungiyar da sauran manoma da yawa sun ci gaba da yin korafi game da wasu batutuwan da suka ga ba daidai ba
Matsalolin farko da manoma ke da su shine ƙa'idodin da ba a yarda da su ba waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don yin bincike, wanda ke nufin cewa an yi watsi da ɗimbin koko da aka girbe a matsayin wanda bai dace ba don siyarwa; da ƙananan farashin da suka karɓa don samfuran da aka karɓa waɗanda suka isa kasuwa. Manoman sun koka kan yadda aka yi watsi da abubuwan more rayuwa na hanyoyin da yakamata su bi don isa wuraren ajiya. Bugu da ƙari, an kuma nemi su biya harajin leɓe, babban abin dogaro a lokacin rashin tabbas na tattalin arziki.
Tawayen
Mulkin soji ya sauko a fagen siyasa sakamakon gazawar da yawancin gwamnatocin da suka shuɗe, ciki har da manoma. Ba da daɗewa ba aka bar wasu fitattun 'yan siyasa daga sa hannun gwamnati. Hakanan, wasu citizensan ƙasa masu ilimin jami'a sun fara fitowa a sakamakon manufofin ilimi na yankin a cikin 1950s. Haɗuwa da waɗannan fitattun mutane, haɗe tare da jagoranci mafi ƙwarewa tsakanin Agbękoya Parapo, ya haifar da juzu'i iri -iri kuma an haifi motsi na siyasa mai ƙarfi. Shugabannin Agbękoya na lokacin sune Mustapha Okikirungbo, Tafa Popoola, Adeniyi Eda, Adeagbo Kobiowo, Rafiu Isola da Mudasiru Adeniran. Shugabannin sun yanke shawarar saita manufa ta ƙungiya kamar haka:
Agbede, Edo State
Agbede ya kasan ce gari ne na Musulmi a Arewacin Jihar Edo. Ya wanzu tun ƙarni na 13. Ita ce kofar shiga cikin Arewacin Jihar.
Agbekoya
Tawayen
Manoma ihu Oke mefa laosan! Oke mefa laosan! (“Shillan 30 kawai muke biya!”) Yayin da suke tafiya cikin ƙauye bayan ƙauye don shawo kan manoman yankin da kar su biya wani haraji ga gwamnan soja na jihar ta Yamma. Wadannan manoma sun jagoranci jagorancin Adegoke Akekuejo, Tafa Adeoye, Folarin Idowu, Mudasiru Adeniran da Tafa Popoola. Ba da daɗewa ba, wasu manoma da shuwagabannin su sannu a hankali suka bar ƙauyukan kuma suka nufi zauren Mapo, mazaunin gwamnatin yankin. A can, sun mamaye ofisoshin jami'ai, inda suka bayyana cewa za su biya $ 1.10 kawai. Daga nan Mayhem ya sauko kan babban birni da ƙauyuka da yawa.
Agbede, Edo State
Labarin Kasa
Garin yana da ƙauyuka da yawa kuma ana kiran su dangin Ayuele. Ya hada da; Jagbe, Odigie, Egono, Ubiane, Ughiole da Egho. Agbede tana da iyaka da Ewu, Idoa daga Kudu da Auchi zuwa Arewa. Babban zaman al'umma shine noma. Agbedes sun shahara wajen samar da kayan amfanin gona na musamman wanda ake kira Rice Agbede. Mazauna wannan yanayin ƙasa kuma suna noma yam & rogo. An albarkace su da filayen filaye mafi araha don amfanin gona.
Agbekoya
Tawayen
Don rage tashin hankali, gwamnati ta yi amfani da amfani da ƙarfi da tashin hankali don kwantar da tarzomar sannan ta kame wasu daga cikin shugabannin Agbękoya. Koyaya, manoma sun ɗauki fansa mai ƙarfi akan gine -ginen gwamnati, kuma a sakamakon haka, an kashe jami'ai da yawa. Zamanin Agbękoya ya cinye fagen siyasar Yammacin Najeriya a daidai lokacin da al'umma ke yaƙin basasa da Yankin Gabashin Najeriya a yakin Biafra. A matsayin hanyar zanga -zangar adawa da gwamnatin soji, Agbękoya ta kai hari kan manyan alamomin ikon gwamnati kamar gidajen kotu da ginin gwamnati, tare da sakin dubunnan fursunoni tare da membobinsu da aka daure. Sai dai sakin Cif Obafemi Awolowo ya taimaka wajen kwantar da tarzomar, yayin da yake tattaunawa kai tsaye da shugabannin kungiyar.
Bayan
Sakamakon tarzomar ya haifar da cire wani jami'in ƙaramar hukumar da ke kula da ƙauyuka, cire Baales, rage ƙimar harajin kwastomomi, kawo ƙarshen amfani da ƙarfi don cire haraji, ƙara farashin koko da inganta hanyoyin zuwa kauyuka. Gwamnati a lokacin ta amince da wannan rangwamen. Tarzomar a cikin dogon lokaci ana ganin tana da halaye na musamman waɗanda suka bambanta da tarzomar da ta gabata. Babban dalilan da suka haifar da tarzomar sun samo asali ne daga hauhawar agrarian populism. Yanayin yanki mai tarwatsewa ya faru kusan lokaci guda. An yi la'akari da wannan fitowar ta tarzoma a matsayin bayyananniyar ajin da ta dace.
Agbede, Edo State
Labarin Kasa
Dangane da yanayin, galibi akwai yanayi biyu; ruwan sama da lokacin bazara tare da harmattan.
Sunan Agbede
An ce Agbedes su ne suka fara kera kayayyakin tarihi a Benin kafin ficewarsu zuwa yankin arewacin kasa da ake kira Jihar Edo.
Haka kuma an ce Agbedes na farko ba su da asali. Wata makarantar tunani tana riƙe da cewa Agbedes da Unemes sun sami albarka tare da kerawa a kusantar fasaha.
An samo sunan Agbede daga Yarbanci wanda ke nufin maƙera. Sunan su shine alamar aikin su. Ko da yake, sanin maƙera a tsakaninsu ya ƙare.
Ana iya kiran mutanen Agbede Agbedes (Anglicization). Amma, suna kiran kansu da yarensu, Igbede.
Kafin Mulkin Mallakan Agbede
Agbede tsohuwar al'umma ce. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, shi ne yankin da ake narkar da baƙin ƙarfe ga mayaƙan Daular Benin. Agbedes da unemes sune masarautar masarautar Benin. Akwai makarantar tunani da ke cewa Umemes Agbede Ayuele kuma Agbedes Unemes ne. Bambanci kawai shine yaɗuwar ƙasarsu da canjin harshe. Agbedes/Unemes su ma ƙwararrun maƙera ne ga Nupes.
Daular Benin
A zahiri, jacob Egharevba a cikin litattafan sa a taƙaice ya bayyana a sarari "Babban hedikwatar mulkin mallaka ko lardin tsohuwar daular Benin a Kukuruku shine Agbede."
Dangantaka da dauloli/masarauta
1. Masarautar Illorin.
2. Masarautar Kano,
4. Masarautar Benin.
5. Masarautar Bida ta Daular Nupe.
Agbede Ayuele ya ba da gudummawa ga ilimin addinin Islama
Daga farkon, Agbede ya mai da hankali sosai kan kafa kansa a matsayin cibiyar koyar da ilimin addinin Musulunci na gargajiya.
Sarkin Musulmi na farko na Agbede mai tsananin zumunci da masarautar etsu Nupe da Masarautar Bida ta ba shi damar kasancewa tare da malaman Musulunci a duk lokacin da zai dawo daga Bida. Sun fara zama a Agbede kuma daga baya an tura su wurare a Kukuruku don ba da damar koyon addinin Musulunci. Shaykh Bawa tsakanin wasu ya kasance misali. An tura shi Auchi don ba da damar koyon addinin Musulunci. Ya zama babban limami.
Agbede koyaushe yana aika Malaman Islama na Agbede ko asalin arewa don taimakawa fahimtar Musulunci a yankuna daban -daban na Edo.
An kuma ba da rahoton cewa Agbede Kings ta nemi malamai kai tsaye daga masarautar Kogi (mai yiwuwa igbira) saboda alakar su, yana da sauƙi ga malami da aka saukar zuwa Agbede.
Agbede ta yi alfahari da kanta a matsayin cibiyar koyo inda Musulmai da sabbin Musulmai ke zuwa rukuni -rukuni a kusa da Afenmai (Kukuruku) da Esan don yin karatun addinin Musulunci. Tun da tushe na malanta na Musulunci ya kafu sosai kuma duk ya ƙunshi, Musulman da aka aiko sun yi karatu har zuwa ƙoshinsu sannan suka koma zama Imamai da Mallamai na garuruwa da ƙauyukansu daban -daban. Ba wai kawai sun taimaka wa ilmantarwa ba, sun kara ingiza Musuluntar al'ummomin su.
Haruna Mshelia
Haruna Mshelia Kwararren likita ne Najeriya kuma ɗan siyasa mai wakiltar mazabar Hawul/Askira Uba na jihar Borno, Najeriya.
Kwali
Kwali karamar hukuma ce a cikin babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya Abuja. An kirkiri karamar Hukumar Kwali a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1996 gwamnatin soja ta Janar Sani Abacha ta samar da ita. Tana da fadin kasa muarabba'in 1,206 km2 da yawan jama'a 85,837 a ƙidayar 2006.
Bonang Matheba
Bonang Dorothy Matheba (an haife shi 25 Yuni 1987), mai gabatar da talabijin ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta sami lambar yabo, halayen rediyo, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da halayen kafofin watsa labarun. An san ta da ƙwarewar gabatar da fasaha da muryar sa hannu. Ta gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon kiɗa na SABC 1 LIVE (yanzu Live Amp ) wanda ya gina haskenta a cikin masana'antar. An kuma san ta da kasancewa Bakar fata ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu da aka nuna a cikin mujallu da yawa.
Gwagwalada
Gwagwalada karamar hukumace a babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya Abuja, yana daya daga cikin kananan hukumomi biyar da suke a babban birnin tarayya.
Bonang Matheba
A shekarar 2011, ta kasance mace ta farko a Afrika ta Kudu wacce ta shahara Inda ta kaddamar da shirin kai tsaye wanda ake kira da B*Dazzled. A 2013 ta kasance da ambasada na irin Revlon, a wajen Amurka.
Gwagwalada
Gwagwalada tana da fadin kasa kilomita 1,043 2 kuma tana da yawan jama'a 158,618 a kidayar shekarar 2006. Ana hasashen za ta samu ci gaba da kashi 6.26 cikin 100 tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa 2025, wanda shine karuwar mafi girma a nahiyar Afirka. Kafin a kafa babban birnin tarayya Gwagwalada tana karkashin gundumar Kwali ta tsohuwar masarautar Abuja wacce a yanzu take a Suleja. An kirkiro Gwagwalada ne a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1984. Adadin jama'arta a hukumance ya kai mutane 158,618 a kidayar 2006.
Bonang Matheba
A cikin 2014, ta dauki nauyin shirya gasar MTV Europe Music Awards na 2014, wanda ya sa ta zama 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ta farko da ta karbi bakuncin bikin. A cikin 2015, ta zama ɗn Afirka ta farko da aka ba ta E! Labaran Afirka ta Musamman akan E!.
A cikin 2016, ta yi fice a bangon mujallar Forbes Woman Africa, tare da wasu mata uku waɗanda duk aka ba da kanun labarai na kasancewa Fuskokin Kasuwanci. Ta fito da littafinta Daga A zuwa B kuma ta fara wasan kwaikwayon nata na gaskiya Being Bonang, duka a cikin 2017. A cikin 2018, an nuna ta a kan batun wutar lantarki na GQ SA, don fitowar Satumba.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bonang a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1987 a gundumar Mahikeng ta Arewa maso Yamma, zuwa Charlotte Mokoena, Mataimakiyar Shugabar Albarkatun Jama'a da Harkokin Kasuwanci na Sasol, da Gampi Matheba, babban malami a Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma. Ita 'yar ƙabilar Tswana ce da ke yaren Bantu.
Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Leondale, a Gabashin Johannesburg, yayin da Bonang ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Fourways, makarantar haɗin gwiwar gwamnati a Fourways, Johannesburg.
Talabijin da fim
A cikin 2002, Matheba ta fara fitowa a talabijin a wasan kwaikwayon yara na SABC 2, ƙalubalen fantasy na Manhattan yayin da take shekara 15. Har ila yau, ta fito a cikin wasu yara na SABC 2 da dama. A cikin 2007, Matheba ya ba da amsa don lokacin farko na wasan kwaikwayon kiɗa na SABC 1 LIVE (yanzu Live Amp ) bayan barin varsity. Daga baya an ba ta sarautar wadda ta lashe wasan tare da Tbo Touch. Ayyukan gabatar da ayyukanta sun yi babban nasara kuma a nan ne aka ƙirƙiri "Sarauniya B" ta sobriquet. An watsa shirinta na ƙarshe a ranar 31 ga Agusta 2012 yayin da ta sanar da cewa za ta bar shirin. Bayan ta tashi daga LIVE, ta dauki bakuncin wasu nunin nunin da suka hada da Clash of the Choirs SA, Afternoon Express, Top Billing and KFC Taste Kitchen.
Matheba ta dauki bakuncin nunin kyaututtuka da yawa da kuma fitattun abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da su shine MTV Africa Music Awards 2016, Miss South Africa 2018, da kuma shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards da BET Awards 2016. A ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2018, Matheba ta shirya taron kide-kide na Jama'a na Duniya : Mandela 100 tare da ɗan wasan barkwanci Trevor Nuhu, supermodel Naomi Campbell da sauran fitattun jama'a.
A cikin 2008, Matheba ta yi rawar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko akan nunin SABC 1, InterSEXions inda ta buga Nurse Seipati. Kamar yadda na 2019, Matheba ta yi tauraro kuma ta haɗa haɗin gwiwar fim ɗin shirin na Jama'a, wanda aka fara a Maris, 9 a Bikin Fim na Manchester.
Matheba ta kafa gidan samarwa da ake kira Bonang Matheba Entertainment a cikin 2017. Ƙungiyar samarwa tana da nuni ɗaya, wanda shine nunin gaskiya na 1Magic, Kasancewar Bonang wanda ke mayar da hankali da kuma nuna rayuwar yau da kullun na Matheba.
A watan Mayun 2022, ta dauki nauyin lambar yabo ta Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards.
Rediyo
A cikin 2009, Matheba ta sami kira daga gidan rediyon YFM inda aka gaya mata cewa za a ƙara ta cikin sabbin jerin masu gabatarwa. Ta sami nata nunin ranar ƙarshen mako mai suna "The B* Hive", wanda ya kasance nasara nan take wanda ya fi mai da hankali kan matasa masu sauraro. Daga nan ta bar shirin rediyo a 2014.
An sanar da Matheba a matsayin sabon rediyo DJ don tashar rediyon Metro FM a cikin 2015. Ta maye gurbin Siphokazi Janairu wanda ya zama sabon tsohon soja na Metro FM. Ramin Matheba ya nuna The Front Row, ya kasance mai sauraro mai girma da farin ciki har sai da aka samu sabani da manajan gidan rediyon, bayan wani sauyi a kan iska wanda ya ga Bonang yana gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon tare da jita-jitar abokin hamayyarta na masana'antu Lerato Kganyago ba tare da sanarwar ta taso ba. A fusace da rashin sadarwar su, Bonang ya yi murabus daga gidan rediyon washegari.
Salo
A cikin 2008, Matheba ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da dillali na Legit wajen ƙaddamar da layin tufafinta na farko, "Just B". Daga nan sai ta yi haɗin gwiwa da wani mai zane na London don ƙirƙirar tarin jaka mai suna "Baby Star".
A cikin 2014, babban kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu Woolworths, ya bayyana haɗin gwiwa tare da Bonang. Sun jefar da layin kamfai "Distraction By Bonang", wanda har yanzu yana ci gaba yayin da aka gabatar da sabbin tarin.
A cikin 2018, Matheba tare da Superbalist, sun zubar da tarin T-shirts mai suna "BONANG ta Bonang Matheba". T-shirts na da shahararrun maganganun Bonang da aka buga a kansu, ciki har da "Mo'ghel", "Bawa Mutane Abin da Suke So" da "#IAmBonang".
Gidan BNG
A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2019, Matheba ta yi haɗin gwiwa ta musamman tare da Woolworths wajen ƙaddamar da kewayon kayan alatu Méthode Cap Classique (MCC) da ake kira, "The House of BNG". Haɗin gwiwar ya sa ta zama baƙar fata ta farko da aka ƙara zuwa ƙungiyar Méthode Cap Classique Association.
Amincewa
A cikin 2013, an nada ta a matsayin jakada na kayan kwalliya Revlon a Afirka ta Kudu. Yarjejeniyar ta sanya ta zama jakadiyar kasa da kasa ta farko a wajen Amurka.
A cikin Oktoba 2016, Matheba an bayyana shi a matsayin jakada na alamar vodka, Cîroc a Afirka, tare da mai zane-zane David Tlale, mai zane-zane na hip hop, Da LES da kulob DJ, DJ Dimplez.
Bayan tafiya zuwa Brazil a cikin 2017, an nada ta sabuwar jakadan Alamar Afirka don takalman takalman Ipanema, wanda ke karbar mukamin daga supermodel Brazilian Gisele Bündchen. Daga baya an bayyana cewa a lokacin tafiyar ta ta yi ganawa da masu sana'ar takalma na Brazil har ma ta harbi wani talla a Rio de Janeiro.
A cikin 2018, Matheba ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar amincewa tare da hanyar sadarwar salula Cell C, yarjejeniyar da ta ga tana haɗin gwiwa da su don ƙaddamar da nata app ɗin wayar hannu da fakitin emoji mai suna "BMoji". Sauran abubuwan da Bonang ya amince da su sun hada da Peugeot, BIC Razors, Brutal Fruit, Diva Divine Hair, Pads na Rayuwa, da Courvoisier.
A cikin 2020, an sanar da Bonang a matsayin jakadan Samsung na Afirka ta Kudu, don kewayon su na S20 da Z Flip. A cikin Satumba 2020, an nuna ta akan murfin Mujallar Glamour tare da samfurin Rich Mni.
Rubutu
A ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2017, Matheba ta fito da littafin tarihin rayuwarta Daga A zuwa B wanda aka rubuta ta littafin Thabiso Mahlape na Black Bird. Littafin ya sami karɓuwa daga jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu, inda mutane da yawa suka caccaki littafin a shafukan sada zumunta game da kurakuran rubutunsa, na nahawu da na gaskiya. Kukan ya kai ga fitar da littafin daga kantunan kantin sayar da litattafai na musamman Littattafai. Daga baya an maye gurbinsa da bugu na biyu inda aka gyara yawancin kurakuran da suka gabata.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Matheba ya yi kwanan wata mai zanen hip-hop na gida, Slikour har zuwa 2009. An yi ta rade-radin cewa Slikour ya jefar da Matheba ta sakon Facebook. A cikin 2012, Matheba ya yi kwanan wata mai yin rikodin rikodin da faifan jockey Euphonik. An tuhumi Euphonik da laifin cin zarafi bayan da ya bayyana cewa ya yi mata duka. Sannan ta yi watsi da tuhumar bayan da ma'auratan suka sasanta. Yayin da ta yi watsi da tuhumar, mutane sun yi zargin cewa Matheba ta yi karya game da lamarin. Matheba ya musanta waɗannan ikirari, yana mai cewa: “Ban taɓa tunanin yadda za a yi mini mugun nufi ba sa’ad da aka ba da labarin rabuwata. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi zafi kuma wani lokacin ban san yadda na tsira ba", abin da aka yi magana game da shi a cikin littafinta, Daga A Zuwa B. Sai ta cire ambaton a cikin siga na biyu na littafin.
Daga ƙarshen 2015 zuwa 2017, Matheba ta yi kwanan wata rapper AKA. Dangantakar su, wanda ya fara a matsayin al'amari, ya cika da rikici, yana faruwa yayin da AKA ke hulɗa da wani mai ciki DJ Zinhle, wanda daga baya ya fallasa fling a watan Agusta 2015 bayan rabuwar su.
Tun daga lokacin Matheba ta adana bayanan abokan zamanta da na rayuwarta cikin sirri.
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka wankewa hukunci
Maido da haƙƙoƙin tsari ne na maido da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a baya waɗanda suka rasa haƙƙinsu na kada kuri'a a ƙarƙashin babban laifi. Hakanan yana iya komawa zuwa ƙarin haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda aka ɗauka bayan yanke hukunci, kamar riƙon mukaman gwamnati da yin aiki a juri.
A Amurka, haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a na mutanen da aka samu da laifi sun bambanta daga jaha zuwa jaha. A yawancin jihohi, haƙƙin ƙuri'a yana ta atomatik ko kuma a dawo da shi bayan kammala jumlar. A cikin jihohi uku - Florida, Kentucky da Iowa - duk mutanen da aka samu da laifin aikata laifuka sun rasa haƙƙinsu na zaɓe na dindindin, kuma dole ne su kai ƙarar gwamnati kai tsaye don dawo da su. Sannan Kuma Masu sukar wadannan hane-hane na kada kuri’a na ganin cewa kada kuri’a wani hakki ne da ba za a iya tauyewa ba, kuma bai kamata a kwace wa ‘yan kasar da suka gama wa’adin zaman gidan yari ba.
Fage
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe, Amurka tana da tsauraran matakai game da ƙin yin zaɓe ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a baya. Karkashin Kwaskwari na Goma Sha Hudu na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, Jihohi suna iya yin nasu dokokin kan takurawa 'yancin jefa ƙuri'a bisa ga laifin aikata laifuka.
Elisha Cuthbert
Elisha Ann Cuthbert an haife ta 30 ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da biyu1982A.C) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Kanada kuma abin koyi. A matsayinta na yar wasan kwaikwayo, tafito na farko a talabijin a matsayin ƙari a cikin jerin abubuwan ban tsoro na ƙananan yara don jin Tsoron Duhu? da kuma haɗin gwiwar Mashahurin Makanikai don Yara . Ta yi wasan ta na farko-fim a bangaren wasan kwaikwayo na dangin Kanada na alif ɗari tara da casa'in da bakwai1997A.c)wacce ake kira a harshen turanci Dancing on the Moon. Farkon abin da ta taka rawa akai ta samu asali a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998A.c. shirin wasan kwaikwayo Airspeed (No Control) A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001, ta fito a cikin fim din Lucky Girl, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta farko,wato Gemini Awards.
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka wankewa hukunci
Fage
An kiyasta cewa akwai mutane kimanin miliyan 5.85 a Amurka wadanda ba za su iya kada kuri'a ba saboda laifukan da suka shafi aikata laifuka, ciki har da miliyan 2.6 da suka gama yanke musu hukunci amma ba a ba su hakkinsu a cikin jihohi masu tsauraran manufofi. Wannan ya kai kusan kashi 2.5% na yawan masu jefa ƙuri'a, kuma kusan 8& na yawan jama'ar Ba-Amurke da suka cancanci jefa ƙuri'a.
Rashin ikon mallakar wani babban laifi ta jiha
Dubi " Laifin Laifin Fasakarwa, Ayyukan Zamani Daga Ƙasa, Amurka "
Elisha Cuthbert
An tabbatar da Cuthbert a matsayin wacce bata da babban cin jinsi,kuma ya bayyana na ta a cikin mujallu masu yawa, irin su Maxim, Complex, da FHM. In shekara ta 2013,calanda Maxim magazine ta tabbatar da ita a matsayin sarauniya kyau".
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka wankewa hukunci
Shawarwari don maido da haƙƙoƙin
Ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin ƙasar Amurka suna aiki a cikin motsi don maido da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ga mutanen da ke da hukunce-hukuncen aikata laifuka na farko, gami da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Jama'a ta Amirka, FairVote, Shirin Manufofin Kurkuku, Ayyukan Ci gaba, Ƙungiyoyin Maido da Haƙƙin Florida, da Aikin Hukunci.
Daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin da sauran su, manyan dalilan kawo ƙarshen cin zarafi da kuma maido da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a baya sun haɗa da:
Mutuncin Muhalli
Fage
Farfesa Christopher D. Stone na Amurka ya fara tattauna ra'ayin danganta halayen shari'a ga abubuwa na halitta a cikin shekarata 1970s, a cikin labarinsa "Ya kamata bishiyoyi su tsaya? Zuwa ga haƙƙin shari'a don abubuwan halitta." Ba za a iya mallakar mutum na shari'a ba; don haka, ba za a iya dangana wani mallaka ga mahallin muhalli tare da kafaffen halayen doka ba. Tsaye (doka) yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da mutuntakar doka. Ƙungiyoyi masu tsayuwa, ko locus standi, suna da haƙƙi ko ƙarfin kawo mataki ko bayyana a kotu. Hukumomin muhalli ba za su iya da kansu su kawo wani mataki ko bayyana a gaban kotu ba. Koyaya, ana iya cimma wannan aiki ko tsayin daka a madadin mahaluƙi ta wurin wani ma'aikacin doka mai wakiltar. Wakilci na iya ƙara kariya ga muhimman abubuwan al'adu na yanayin yanayi, ko wuraren da ke da rauni ga amfani, lalatawa dagurɓatawa.
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka wankewa hukunci
Ana amfani da ƙetare hakkin mallaka don murkushe ƙuri'ar Ba-Amurke
Ko da yake ta wanzu tun lokacin mulkin mallaka, rashin ikon masu kada kuri'a ya karu bayan yakin basasa. Tsoron manyan bakaken fata a karshe sun sami damar kada kuri'a, jihohin Kudu sun nemi hanyoyin da za su hukunta 'yan Afirka-Amurka da kuma hana su jefa kuri'a, ta hanyar dokokin Jim Crow da kuma keta hakkinsu.
Mutuncin Muhalli
Fage
Ko da yake babu wata doka ta tarayya a Amurka da ke aiwatar da mutunta muhalli, wata kotun koli ta Amurka ce ta ba da shawarar yin hakan. A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta shekarar 1972 Saliyo Club v. Morton, Mai shari'a William Douglas ya rubuta ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa yana jayayya cewa wasu "al'amuran muhalli" ya kamata su sami locus standi, kuma mutanen da ke da dangantaka mai ma'ana da wannan mahallin ya kamata su iya yin aiki a madadinsa don kariya.
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka wankewa hukunci
Bambance-bambancen launin fata
Sakamakon bambancin launin fata a cikin tsarin gidan yarin Amurka, Ba'amurke Ba'amurke da Latinos sun fi yawa a cikin mutanen da ake tsare da su. Don haka, yawancin Amurkawa na Afirka da Latinos galibi suna fuskantar laifin cin zarafinsu. Yayin da Amurkawa 'yan Afirka kashi har 13 ne kawai na al'ummar Amurka, su ne kashi 38 cikin dari na yawan fursunoni. Latinos yana da kusan kashi 15 na yawan jama'ar Amurka kuma kashi 20 cikin ɗari na Amurkawa da ke kurkuku.