cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Hanyar Dabarun Gudanar da Kemikal ta Duniya
Taron kasa da kasa kan sarrafa sinadarai
An gudanar da zama na biyu (ICCM 2) a Geneva, Switzerland, 11-15 A watan Mayu 2009 kuma an gudanar da nazari na farko na lokaci-lokaci na aiwatar da SAICM.
An gudanar da zama na uku (ICCM 3) a Nairobi, Kenya, 17-21 A watan Satumba 2012 kuma ya sake nazarin ci gaba a cikin aiwatar da SAICM tare da bayanai masu ma'ana akan alamun 20 na ci gaba da aka karɓa a ICCM2, ya magance batutuwan manufofi masu tasowa kuma sun karbi Dabarun Sashin Lafiya.
An gudanar da zama na hudu (ICCM 4) a birnin Geneva na kasar Switzerland, daga ranar 28 ga watan Satumba zuwa 2 ga watan Oktoba, 2015. Gabaɗaya da jagora don cimma burin 2020 shine sakamakon dabarun  ICCM4, wanda ke kafa matakin aiwatarwa zuwa 2020. ICCM4 kuma an sake duba aiwatar da al'amurran da suka shafi manufofin da suka kunno kai da sauran al'amurran da suka shafi damuwa, an yi la'akari da Manufofin Ci gaba mai Dorewa, sun tattauna ingantaccen sarrafa sinadarai da sharar gida fiye da 2020, kuma sun sake nazarin ayyukan da aka tsara.
ICCM4, ta hanyar ƙuduri IV/4, ya ƙaddamar da wani tsari na tsaka-tsaki don shirya shawarwari game da Tsarin Dabarun da sarrafa sauti na sinadarai da sharar gida fiye da 2020. Taron farko na tsarin tsaka-tsaki yana la'akari da Hanyar Dabarun da sarrafa sautin sinadarai da sharar gida bayan 2020 an gudanar da shi a Brasilia, Brazil, daga 7 zuwa 9 ga watan Fabrairu 2017.
An shirya zama na biyar na taron kasa da kasa kan sarrafa sinadarai a Bonn, Jamus, 25 - 29 Satumba 2023.
Matsalolin Siyasa masu tasowa da sauran al'amurran da suka shafi damuwa
ICCM tana ba da dandali don yin kira ga matakin da ya dace kan al'amuran manufofi masu tasowa (EPI) yayin da suka taso da kuma samar da yarjejeniya kan abubuwan da suka fi dacewa don aiwatar da haɗin gwiwa. Ya zuwa yanzu, an zartar da kudurori kan batutuwa kamar haka:
A. Lead in paint
C. Abu mai haɗari a cikin tsarin rayuwar samfuran lantarki da na lantarki
D. Nanotechnology da ƙera nanomaterials
F. Gurbatattun Magunguna Na Muhalli
An yarda da wasu batutuwan damuwa:
G. Sinadaran da aka lalata
H. Magungunan Kwari masu Hatsari
Tarihin Ƙasar Japan
Mutanen farko da suka fara zama a tsibiran Ƙasar Jafan a zamunan baya a tsakanin shekarun 30,000 BC. Zamanin Jōmon, wacce lokacin Yayoi ke biye da ita a ƙarni na farko BC lokacin da aka gabatar da sabbin ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire daga Asiya. A wannan lokacin, an rubuta rubutacciyar hujja ta farko game da Japan a cikin littafin Han na kasar Sin a karni na farko AD.
A kusan karni na 3 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, mutanen Yayoi daga nahiyar sun yi hijira zuwa tsibiran kasar Japan kuma sun bullo da fasahar sarrafa karfe da noma. Saboda suna da wayewar noma, yawan mutanen Yayoi sun karu cikin sauri har suka kai ga mamaye mutanen Jōmon, ƴan asalin tsibiran Jafan waɗanda mafarauta ne. A tsakanin ƙarni na huɗu zuwa tara, yawancin masarautu da ƙabilu na Japan a hankali sun haɗa kai a ƙarƙashin wata cibiyar gwamnati, wanda Sarkin Japan ke mulki. Daular masarautar da aka kafa a wannan lokaci ta ci gaba har wa yau, ana tuna ta a kusan kowanne lokacin biki. A cikin shekarar 794, an kafa sabon babban birni a Heian-kyō ( Kyoto a yau), wanda ke nuna farkon lokacin Heian, wacce ta wanzu har ya zuwa 1185. Ana ɗaukar wannan Lokacin na Heian a matsayin shekaru na musamman a tarihin al'adun Jafananci na gargajiya. Rayuwar addinin mutanen Jafan tun daga wannan lokaci zuwa yanzu sun kasance a cakuɗe da al'adun Shinto na asali da mabiya addinin Buddhanci.
A cikin ƙarnuka masu zuwa, iko na gidajen sarautu sun ragu, sun fara komawa a hankali daga farko zuwa gwamnatin farar hula - musamman Fujiwara - sannan zuwa ga sojojin samurai. Kabilar Minamoto karkashin Minamoto no Yoritomo sun yi nasara daga Yaƙin Genpei na 1180–85, inda suka fatattaki 'yan uwan adawansu na soja, Taira. Bayan ya kwace mulki, Yoritomo ya kafa babban birninsa a Kamakura kuma ya sanyawa kansa lakabin shogun. A cikin shekarun 1274 da 1281, Kamakurate ya jajircewa hare-haren Mongoliya har guda biyu, amma a cikin 1333 wani abokin hamayya ya kifar da shi, wanda ya haifar da lokacin Muromachi. A wannan lokacin, shuwagabannin yaƙi na yankin da ake kira daimō sun bunkasa cikin iko a kan karagar shogun. A ƙarshe, Japan ta afka ya zuwa lokacin yakin basasa. A cikin ƙarshen karni na 16, an sake hade kawunan mutanen Japan a ƙarƙashin jagorancin shahararre daimō Oda Nobunaga da magajinsa, Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Bayan mutuwar Toyotomi a shekara ta 1598, Tokugawa Ieyasu ya hau mulki kuma sarki ya nada shi shōgun. Tokugawa shogunate, wanda ke mulki daga Edo ( Tokyo na yau), ya jagoranci zama na wadata da lumana wanda akafi sani da zamanin Edo (1600-1868). Tokugawa shogunate ya sanya tsauraran matakai ga al'ummar Japan kuma ya yanke kusan duk wata hulɗa da duniyar waje.
Portugal da Japan sun yi hulɗa a shekarar 1543, lokacin da mutanen Portugal suka zama Turawa na farko da suka fara isa Japan ta hanyar sauka a kudancin tsibirin. Sun yi tasiri sosai a kan Japan, duk da irin wannan ƙayyadaddun hulɗodin nasu sun gabatar da bindigogi ga ymaakianJapan. Balaguron Perry na Akasar murka a 1853–54 ya ƙara kawo ƙarshen keɓancewar kasar Japan; wannan ya taimaka wajen rushewar mulkin shogun da kuma dawo da mulki ga sarki a lokacin yakin Boshin a 1868. Sabon shugabancin kasa na lokacin Meiji ya sauya ƙasashen tsibiran da aka keɓe zuwa wata daula wacce ta bi tsarin mulkin Yammacin Turai kuma ta zama babban kasa .Duk da cewa dimokuradiyya ta haɓaka sannan kuma al'adun farar hula na zamani sun sami cigaba a lokacin Taishō (1912-26), sojojin Japan masu ƙarfi suna da ƙarfin iko na cin gashin kansu kuma sun mulke shugabannin farar hula na Japan a tsakanin shekarun 1920s da 1930s. Sojojin Japan sun kai hari a Manchuria a shekara ta 1931, kuma daga 1937 rikici ya rikide zuwa wani dogon yaki da kasar Sin. Harin da Japan ta kai a Pearl Harbor a 1941 ya janyo yaki da Amurka da abokanta. Ba da daɗewa ba aka mamaye sojojin Japan, amma sojojin sun ci gaba da kai hare-hare duk da hare-haren jiragen sama waɗanda suka yi mummunar barna ga cibiyoyin jama'a. Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito ya sanar da mika wuyar kasar Japan a ranar 15 ga Agusta, 1945, bayan harin nukiliyar Hiroshima da Nagasaki da kuma harin Soviet Manchuria.
Ƙungiyoyin majibintan sun mamaye ƙasar Japan har zuwa 1952, lokacin da aka kafa sabon tsarin mulki a 1947 wanda ya mayar da Japan zuwa tsarin mulki na kundi. Bayan 1955, Japan ta fuskanci ci gaɓar tattalin arziki sosai a ƙarƙashin mulkin jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party, kuma ta zama cibiyar tattalin arzikinduniya. Tun daga shekaru goma da suka gabata na shekarun 1990, haɓakar tattalin arzikin Japan ya ragu.
Habte Jifar
Habte Jifar (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Janairu 1976 a Ambo, Habasha ) ɗan wasan tseren middle-distance runner ne na Habasha. Yana da jimlar lambobin yabo guda uku a gasar ta Afirka baki daya. Mafi kyawun aikinsa a cikin wasannin duniya shine a matsayi na shida a gasar cin kofin duniya na shekarar 1999. A halin yanzu ya kware a tseren marathon. Yanzu a wannan lokacin yana zaune a Amurka, kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata uku da mata kyakkyawa. Ya kuma samu lambobin yabo da yawa.
Fati Yola
Fati Yola
Jaruma ce a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato kanniwud, Tsohuwar jaruma ce a masana antar, tayi fina finai da dama a masana antar.
Takaitaccen Tarihin Ta
Fatima muhammad Yola Haifaaffiyar jihar Adamawa ce a garin Yola, an haifeta a ranar 1 ga watan mayu shekarar 1989. Ta fara da fim din ta na farko Mai suna"Mai farin jini" a shekarar 2006. A shekarar 2010 ne ta Sami lambar girmamawa daga kamfanin bonu movie, tayi fim din Mai farin jini tare da Ibrahim Mandawari, da Jamila Nagudu da Kuma kabiru Mai Kaba. Fati Yola Haifaaffiyar jihar Adamawa ce amma an Raine ta a nasarawa a cikin jihar kano. Fati tana da kamfanin kan ta Mai suna Yola factory inda tayi fina finai da dama
Georges Paul
Georges Julien Paul (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Janairu 1996) ɗan wasan badminton ne na Mauritius. Paul ya halarci gasar matasa ta Afirka ta shekarar 2014, kuma ya lashe lambobin zinare uku a cikin taron mutum guda. Yana cikin tawagar 'yan wasan kasar da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar wasannin Afirka ta shekarar 2015. Paul ya lashe kambun na maza a gasar cin kofin Afirka na shekarun 2018 da 2020.
Ya yi takara a shekarun 2014, 2018 da 2022 Commonwealth Games. Paul ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar men's doubles, da azurfa a cikin a wasan men's singles, da tagulla a cikin men's doubles a gasar wasannin Afirka ta shekarar 2019.
Wasannin Afirka
Men's singles Men's doubles Mixed doubles
Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka
Men's singles Men's doubles Mixed doubles
Wasannin Matasan Afirka
Boys Singles Men's doubles Mixed doubles
Tahir I Tahir
Tahir I Tahir jarumi ne a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato Kannywood ya Dade Yana fim, yayi fina finai da dama a masana antar, Yana yawan fim da jarumi Adam A Zango a shekarun baya. jarumi ne Kuma furodusa a masana antar.
Taron Basel
Tarihi
Tare da tsaurara dokokin muhalli (misali, RCRA) a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba a cikin 1970s, farashin zubar da sharar haɗari ya tashi sosai. A sa'i daya kuma, hada-hadar sufurin jiragen ruwa a duniya ya sa zirga-zirgar sharar kan iyakokin kasar cikin sauki, kuma kasashen da ba su ci gaba ba da dama sun yi fatan samun kudin waje. Sakamakon haka, cinikin sharar gida mai haɗari, musamman ga ƙasashe matalauta, ya ƙaru cikin sauri. A cikin 1990, ƙasashen OECD sun fitar da kusan tan miliyan 1.8 na datti masu haɗari. Ko da yake akasarin wannan sharar ana jigilar su ne zuwa wasu kasashen da suka ci gaba, wasu manyan abubuwan da suka faru na zubar da shara sun haifar da kiraye-kirayen a daidaita su.
Daya daga cikin al'amuran da suka kai ga kafa yarjejeniyar Basel ita ce matsalar zubar da shara <i id="mwPA">a tekun Khian</i>, inda wani jirgin ruwa dauke da toka daga birnin Philadelphia na Amurka ya zubar da rabin kayansa a gabar tekun Haiti kafin a tilasta masa shi yayi nesa. Ya yi tafiya tsawon watanni da yawa, yana canza sunansa sau da yawa. Rashin sauke kayan a kowace tashar jiragen ruwa, an yi imanin ma'aikatan sun jibge da yawa daga cikinsa a cikin teku.
Wani lamarin kuma shi ne lamarin da ya faru a shekarar 1988 inda wasu jiragen ruwa guda biyar suka yi jigilar ganga 8,000 na datti daga kasar Italiya zuwa karamin garin Koko na Najeriya domin biyan hayar dala 100 duk wata da wani dan Najeriya ya yi amfani da gonarsa.
A taron da ya gudana daga ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba zuwa 1 ga watan Disamba 2006, bangarorin yarjejeniyar Basel sun mayar da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi sharar lantarki da kuma rushe jiragen ruwa.
Haɓaka ciniki a cikin kayan da za a sake yin amfani da su ya haifar da haɓakar kasuwa na samfuran da aka yi amfani da su kamar kwamfutoci. Wannan kasuwa tana da biliyoyin daloli. Abin da ke faruwa shine bambancin lokacin da kwamfutocin da aka yi amfani da su suka daina zama "kayayyaki" kuma su zama "sharar gida".
Ya zuwa watan Satumba na 2022, akwai bangarori 190 da ke cikin yarjejeniyar, wanda ya hada da kasashe mambobin MDD 187, da tsibirin Cook, da Tarayyar Turai, da kuma kasar Falasdinu. Kasashe shida na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ba su cikin yarjejeniyar sun hada da East Timor, Fiji, Haiti, San Marino, Sudan ta Kudu, da Amurka.
Ma'anar datti mai haɗari
Sharar gida tana faɗuwa ƙarƙashin iyakokin yarjejeniyar idan tana cikin rukunin sharar da aka jera a cikin Annex I na taron kuma tana nuna ɗaya daga cikin halaye masu haɗari waɗanda ke cikin Annex III. A wasu kalmomi, dole ne a jera duka biyun kuma su mallaki sifa irin su zama mai fashewa, mai ƙonewa, mai guba, ko lalata. Wata hanyar da sharar ke iya faɗowa ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar yarjejeniyar ita ce idan aka ayyana shi a matsayin ko kuma a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin sharar haɗari a ƙarƙashin dokokin ko dai ƙasar da ke fitar da kayayyaki, ko ƙasar da ke shigo da su, ko kuma ta kowace ƙasa.
An yi ma'anar kalmar zubarwa a cikin Mataki na ashirin da 2 al 4 kuma kawai yana nufin ƙari IV, wanda ke ba da jerin ayyukan da aka fahimta a matsayin zubarwa ko farfadowa. Misalai na zubarwa suna da faɗi, gami da farfadowa da sake amfani da su.
A madadin haka, don faɗuwa ƙarƙashin ikon taron, ya isa a haɗa sharar gida a cikin Annex II, wanda ke lissafta sauran sharar gida, kamar sharar gida da ragowar da ke fitowa daga ƙonewar sharar gida.
Ba a rufe sharar rediyon da ke ƙarƙashin sauran tsarin kula da ƙasa da sharar gida daga aikin jiragen ruwa na yau da kullun.
Ƙoƙarin Annex IX don ayyana sharar gida waɗanda ba a la'akari da sharar gida masu haɗari kuma waɗanda za a keɓe su daga iyakar Yarjejeniyar Basel. Idan waɗannan sharar gida duk da haka sun gurbata da abubuwa masu haɗari har ta kai ga nuna halayen Annex III, ba a keɓe su ba.
Wajibi
Baya ga sharuɗɗan shigo da fitar da sharar da ke sama, akwai ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu don sanarwa, yarda da bin diddigin sharar gida a kan iyakokin ƙasa. Abin lura ne cewa babban taron ya sanya haramci gabaɗaya kan fitarwa ko shigo da sharar gida tsakanin jam’iyyu da waɗanda ba jam’iyyu ba. Banda wannan ka'ida shine inda sharar gida ke ƙarƙashin wata yarjejeniya wacce ba ta cire daga Yarjejeniyar Basel ba. {Asar Amirka sanannen ce wacce ba ta cikin taron kuma tana da adadin irin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin don ba da damar jigilar abubuwa masu haɗari zuwa ƙasashen Basel Party.
Tijjani Faraga
Tijjani Faraga jarumi ne a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato Kannywood ya dade yana fim a masana'antar, yayi fina finai da dama I da yake ta rawa a fannin iyaye. furodusa ne jarumi Kuma darakta.
Taron Basel
Wajibi
Majalisar OECD kuma tana da nata tsarin kula da shi wanda ke tafiyar da zirga-zirgar abubuwan haɗari tsakanin ƙasashen OECD. Wannan yana ba da damar, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ƙasashen OECD su ci gaba da yin kasuwanci a cikin sharar gida tare da ƙasashe kamar Amurka waɗanda ba su amince da yarjejeniyar Basel ba.
Dole ne ƙungiyoyin da ke taron su mutunta haramcin shigo da wasu jam'iyyu.
Mataki na 4 na yarjejeniyar Basel ya yi kira da a rage yawan sharar gida gabaɗaya. Ta hanyar karfafa wa kasashe gwiwa su ajiye sharar gida a cikin iyakokinsu da kuma kusa da tushen sa, ya kamata matsin lamba na cikin gida ya ba da kwarin gwiwa don rage sharar gida da rigakafin gurbatar yanayi. Gabaɗaya an hana ƙungiyoyin fitar da sharar da aka rufe zuwa, ko shigo da sharar da aka rufe daga waɗanda ba jam'iyyu ba zuwa babban taron.
Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana cewa safarar sharar ba bisa ka'ida ba laifi ne amma ba ta ƙunshi tanadin tilastawa ba.
A cikin labarin na 12, an umurci jam'iyyun da su yi amfani da wata yarjejeniya da ta kafa dokoki da kuma hanyoyin da suka dace da lalacewa da ke fitowa daga motsin datti mai haɗari a kan iyakoki.
Yarjejeniya ta yanzu ita ce, kamar yadda ba a keɓance sarari a matsayin "ƙasa" a ƙarƙashin takamaiman ma'anar, fitarwar e-waste gida zuwa wuraren da ba na ƙasa ba ba za a rufe ba.
Basel Ban Amendment
Bayan da aka fara amincewa da wannan yarjejeniya, wasu ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ci gaba da ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli sun ce bai yi nisa ba. Kasashe da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa sun yi jayayya da dakatar da jigilar duk wani sharar gida mai hadari ga kasashe masu tasowa. Musamman, yarjejeniyar ta asali ba ta hana fitar da sharar gida zuwa kowane wuri ba sai Antarctica amma kawai tana buƙatar tsarin sanarwa da tsarin yarda da aka sani da "ƙamin sanar da izini" ko PIC. Bugu da ari, yawancin dillalan sharar gida sun nemi yin amfani da kyakkyawan sunan sake amfani da su kuma sun fara tabbatar da duk fitar da kaya zuwa wuraren sake amfani da su. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa ana buƙatar cikakken dakatarwa gami da fitar da kaya don sake amfani da su. Wadannan damuwa sun haifar da haramcin cinikin sharar yanki da yawa, ciki har da Yarjejeniyar Bamako.
Lobbying a taron Basel na 1995 da kasashe masu tasowa, Greenpeace da wasu kasashen Turai irin su Denmark, ya haifar da amincewa da wani gyare-gyare ga yarjejeniyar a 1995 mai suna Basel Ban Amendment Yarjejeniyar Basel. Kasashe 86 da Tarayyar Turai sun amince da gyaran gyare-gyaren, amma bai fara aiki ba (domin hakan na bukatar amincewa da kashi uku bisa hudu na kasashe mambobin kungiyar). A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba 2019, Croatia ta zama ƙasa ta 97 da ta amince da gyaran da zai fara aiki bayan kwanaki 90 a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2019. Kwaskwarimar ta haramta fitar da datti daga jerin kasashe masu tasowa (mafi yawa OECD ) zuwa kasashe masu tasowa. Basel Ban ya shafi fitarwa don kowane dalili, gami da sake amfani da su. Wani yanki na damuwa na musamman ga masu ba da shawara na gyaran gyare-gyaren shine siyar da jiragen ruwa don ceto, fasa jirgin. Ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da dama da kuma ƙasashe ciki har da Ostiraliya da Kanada sun yi adawa da gyare-gyaren Ban. Adadin amincewa da shigar da karfi na Canje-canjen Ban yana ƙarƙashin muhawara: gyare-gyaren yarjejeniyar sun fara aiki bayan amincewa da "kashi uku cikin hudu na Jam'iyyun da suka yarda da su" [Art. 17.5]; Ya zuwa yanzu, bangarorin yarjejeniyar Basel sun kasa cimma matsaya kan ko wannan zai kasance kashi uku cikin hudu na jam'iyyun da suka shiga yarjejeniyar Basel lokacin da aka amince da dokar, ko kuma kashi uku cikin hudu na jam'iyyun babban taron na yanzu. na COP 9 na Basel Convention. Ana iya samun matsayin tabbatar da gyara a shafin yanar gizon Sakatariyar Basel. Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta aiwatar da cikakken Basel Ban a cikin Dokokin Ship na Sharar gida ( EWSR ), wanda ya sa ya zama doka a duk ƙasashe membobin EU. Norway da Swizalan ma sun aiwatar da dokar haramta Basel a cikin dokokinsu.
Dangane da kulle-kullen da aka yi game da shigar da dokar ta-baci, Switzerland da Indonesiya sun kaddamar da "Initiative karkashin jagorancin kasa" (CLI) don tattaunawa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba hanyar da za a bi don tabbatar da zirga-zirgar kan iyaka na sharar gida., musamman ga ƙasashe masu tasowa da ƙasashe masu tattalin arziƙi a cikin sauyin yanayi, ba sa haifar da rashin kula da sharar gida mara kyau. Wannan tattaunawa dai na da nufin ganowa da kuma nemo hanyoyin magance dalilan da suka sa har yanzu ake kai wa kasashen da ba za su iya magance su ta hanyar da ta dace ba. Ana fatan CLI za ta ba da gudummawa don tabbatar da manufofin da aka yi wa kwaskwarima. Gidan yanar gizon Basel Convention yana ba da labari game da ci gaban wannan yunƙurin.
Tsarin sharar filastik
Sakamakon korafe-korafen jama'a, a watan Mayun 2019 akasarin kasashen duniya, amma ba Amurka ba, sun amince da gyara yarjejeniyar Basel ta hada da sharar filastik a matsayin abin da aka tsara. An kiyasta cewa tekunan duniya suna dauke da metric ton miliyan 100 na filastik, wanda kusan kashi 90% na wannan adadin ya samo asali ne daga tushen kasa. Ƙasar Amirka, wadda ke samar da sharar filastik mai nauyin tan miliyan 42 a kowace shekara, fiye da kowace kasa a duniya, ta yi adawa da gyaran, amma tun da ba ta cikin yarjejeniyar ba ta samu damar kada kuri'a ba. akan shi don ƙoƙarin toshe shi. Bayani game da, da hotunan gani na, namun daji, irin su tsuntsun teku, filastik, da kuma binciken kimiyya da nanoparticles ke shiga ta hanyar shingen jini-kwakwalwa an ba da rahoton cewa sun kara rura wutar ra'ayin jama'a don haɗin gwiwar aiwatar da doka ta ƙasa da ƙasa. Sama da mutane miliyan a duk duniya sun rattaba hannu kan wata takardar koke na neman daukar matakin hukuma. Ko da yake Amurka ba ta cikin yarjejeniyar, jigilar dattin filastik daga Amurka a halin yanzu ya zama "ciniki na laifuka da zaran jiragen ruwa sun hau kan teku," a cewar Basel Action Network (BAN), da masu jigilar kaya. na irin wannan jigilar kaya na iya fuskantar alhaki, saboda Yarjejeniyar Basel kamar yadda aka gyara a watan Mayun 2019 ta haramta safarar sharar filastik zuwa kusan kowace ƙasa.
Yarjejeniyar Basel ta ƙunshi manyan bayanai guda uku akan sharar filastik a cikin Annex II, VIII da IX na Yarjejeniyar. Canje-canjen Sharar Filastik na babban taron yanzu yana kan Jihohi 186. Baya ga tabbatar da cewa cinikin dattin filastik ya kasance a bayyane da kuma tsari mai kyau, a karkashin yarjejeniyar Basel dole ne gwamnatoci su dauki matakai ba wai kawai don tabbatar da ingancin muhalli na datti ba, har ma da magance sharar robobi daga tushensa.
Kungiyar Basel
Ƙungiyar Basel Action Network (BAN) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta jama'a mai zaman kanta wadda ke aiki a matsayin mai sa ido ga mabukaci don aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Basel. Babban manufar BAN shine yaƙi da fitar da datti mai guba, gami da sharar filastik, daga al'ummomin masana'antu zuwa ƙasashe masu tasowa. BAN ya dogara ne a Seattle, Washington, Amurka, tare da ofishin haɗin gwiwa a Philippines. BAN tana aiki don hana cinikin kan iyaka a cikin sharar lantarki mai haɗari, zubar da ƙasa, ƙonewa, da kuma yin amfani da ayyukan gidan yari.
Louis Belzile
Louis Belzile (17 ga Afrilu, 1929 - 12 ga Fabrairu, 2019) ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan adadi na ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a cikin zane a Quebec kuma ɗaya daga cikin membobin ƙungiyar Plasticiens a Montreal tare da Jauran (Rodolphe de Repentigny), Jean-Paul Jérôme da Fernand Toupin.
Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1956, Belzile ya zama memba na kafa kungiyar Non-Figurative Artists of Montreal. A shekara ta 1958, ya sami digiri na farko a Jami'ar Montreal. A cikin 1960-1961, ya yi karatu a École des Beaux-Arts a Montreal. Daga nan ya koyar a kwalejin malamai na Saint-Joseph har zuwa 1965. Daga 1965 zuwa 1985, tare da aikinsa a matsayin mai zane, Belzile yana da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati, a Ma'aikatar Ilimi.
A cikin 1980, Martin O'Hara ya buga The Privileged Moment An Interview tare da Louis Belzile a cikin McGill Journal of Education. A shekara ta 2005, André Desrochers ya yi fim din L'intuition intuitionnée game da aikin Plasticiens.
Belzile ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2019, wanda ya tsira na karshe na rukuni na farko na Plasticiens.
Tarin jama'a
Yawancin cibiyoyin jama'a a Kanada suna da ayyukan Belzile a cikin tarin su kamar National Gallery of Canada, Art Gallery of Ontario, Confederation Center Art Gallery da kuma gidajen tarihi a Quebec kamar Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, MACM (Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal), Musée des beaux de Sherbrooke da Musée du Bas Saint-Laurent.
Kungiyar Badminton ta kasar Namibia
Tawagar badminton ta Namibia (Afrikaans; Khoekhoe) tana wakiltar Namibiya a gasar wasan badminton ta kasa da kasa. Ƙungiyar Badminton ta Namibiya ce ke sarrafa ta. Tawagar wata bangare ce ta kungiyar Badminton ta Afirka Tawagar Namibiya ta fafata sau daya a gasar Commonwealth a shekarar 1994.
Tawagar Namibiya ta kai matsayi mafi girma na 98 a kan BWF World Team Ranking a 2012.
Shiga cikin Wasannin Commonwealth
Hadaddiyar kungiya
Nader Ghandri
Nader Ghandri (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Tunisiya wanda ke taka leda a Club Africain da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tunisia.
Aikin kulob/ƙungiya
An haife shi a Aubervilliers, Ghandri ya yi amfani da matsayin sa na matashi tare da wasu bangarori na Paris, yana wasa da Ivry, Red Star da Drancy. A cikin shekarar 2013, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da kulob din Ligue 2 AC Arles.
A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 2021, ya koma Club Africain kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu.
Ayyukan kasa
A cikin 2015, Ghandri ya kasance memba na tawagar Tunisia ta kasa da shekaru 23 a gasar cin kofin Afrika na U-23 na 2015 a Senegal, ya buga wasanni 2 a gasar.
Ya buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tunisia a ranar 7 ga watan Yuni 2019 a wasan sada zumunci da kasar Iraqi, a matsayin dan wasa.
Tanimu Akawu
Tanimu Akawu tsohon jarumi ne a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato Kannywood yayi fina finai da dama a masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato Kannywood, Yana taka rawa a matsayin uba a masana antar.
Tarihi
Muhammad tanimu shine Cikakken sunan sa anfi sanin sa da tanimu Akawu, ya Sami suna Akawu daga kakannin sa inda sunan ya bishi, an haife shi a jihar filato a garin Jos , a ranar 4 ga watan July shekarar 1974, yayi fina finai da dama a masana antar
Malam Lawal Kalarawi
Malam Lawal Ƙalarawi shahararren malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Jihar Kano wanda yayi Shura a ƙarshen ƙarni na ashirin. Malamin yana bin salon barkwanci a lokutan gudanar da wa'azin sa, inda yake yin maganganu na bayar da dariya harma da na katobara. Malamin ya sha ɗauri a hukumomin gwamnatin soji a sakamakon ɓamɓarmar sa da barkwancin sa.
Abdullahi Sall
Abdou Sall (an haife shi 1 ga Nuwambar 1980), tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan baya.
Aiki
An haife shi a Dakar, Senegal, Sall ya koma Faransa yana da shekaru huɗu tare da mahaifinsa inda ya girma a Toulouse. Ya buga wa Forest Green Rovers na Babban Taron Kasa a cikin lokacin shekarar 2005 – 06. ya shiga cikin bazara 2005 daga ƙungiyar League Two Kidderminster Harriers akan canja wuri kyauta.
A baya ya shafe lokaci tare da Oxford United da Nuneaton Borough.
Sall ya buga wasa a Jamus da 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga FC St. Pauli har zuwa shekarar 2008 amma an hana shi buga wasa saboda rauni a mafi yawan lokutansa a can.
Manazarta
<references group="" responsive="1">
Lea Aini
Lea Aini ( לאה איני  ) (an haifeta a shekara ta 1962 Tel Aviv ), marubuciya ce kuma mawaƙiyar Isra'ila, wanda ta rubuta littattafai sama da ashirin.
Mark LeCras
Mark LeCras (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1986) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wa West Coast Eagles wasa a gasar kwallon kafa ta Australiya (AFL). An fi amfani da shi a matsayin karamin mai gaba, kodayake ya taka leda a wasu lokuta a tsakiyar filin wasa. Ya lashe gasar Firimiya ta AFL tare da West Coast a shekarar 2018, kakar wasa ta karshe.
Mahaifinsa ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Gabashin Fremantle a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Yammacin Australia (WAFL), kuma ɗan'uwansa, Brent LeCras, ya buga wa Arewacin Melbourne a cikin AFL. 'Yan uwansa, Toby, Ashley da Cory McGrath, suma sun buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a WAFL da AFL.
Ya fara bugawa West Coast wasa a ƙarshen kakar 2005, kuma ya buga wasan farko a 2007. LeCras ya zira kwallaye 58 a shekara ta 2009 da kwallaye 63 a shekara ta 2010, inda ya jagoranci kulob din a cikin shekaru biyu.
Ugonna Ozurigbo
Ugonna Ozurigbo (an haife shi 26 ga watan Nuwamba, 1976) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Ya kasance mataimakin kakakin majalisa ta 8 na majalisar dokokin jihar Imo tun daga watan Yulin 2015.
Mark LeCras
Ya lashe kulob din mafi kyau da adalci a shekara ta 2010, kuma an sanya masa suna a cikin tawagar All-Australian. A cikin 2017, LeCras ya karya rikodin kulob din Phil Matera don mafi yawan burin aiki ta ƙaramin mai gaba. A wannan kakar ya kuma zama dan wasa na uku na West Coast da ya zira kwallaye 400, bayan Peter Sumich da Josh Kennedy.
Yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga bakin teku ga Seven News Perth.
Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi LeCras ga Peter da Leonie LeCras a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 1986. Asalinsa daga Cervantes, ya fara ne tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cervantes a cikin Central Midlands Coastal Football League (CMCFL), amma ya koma Perth don halartar Kwalejin Katolika ta Prendiville, yana wasa tare da Whitfords JFC da Quinns, kafin ya koma Cervantes bayan kammala karatunsa.
Ugonna Ozurigbo
Siyasa
A ranar 10 ga watan Yuli, 2018, Ozuruigbo ya yi ƙaurin suna wajen yunkurin tsige mataimakin gwamna Eze Madumere. Babbar kotun Owerri ta soke tsigewar da gwamna Rochas Okorocha ya yi da ‘yan majalisar dokokin jihar Imo. A zaben 2019, an zabi Ozurigbo a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai ta tarayya mai wakiltar Isu/Njaba/Nkwerre/Nwangele. Wakili, Ozurigbo shine shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai akan shari'a.
Mark LeCras
Rayuwa ta farko
Ya buga wa Yammacin Australia wasa a gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 18 ta 2003 da 2004, kuma an sanya masa suna a cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 18. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na West Perth a cikin WAFL a cikin 2003 da 2004, kuma an kira shi a matsayin rabin gaba a cikin Team of the Year a cikin lokutan biyu. LeCras ya fara buga wa West Perth wasa da Claremont a zagaye na 20 na kakar 2004, kuma ya buga wasanni biyu a kakar, a zagaye 21 da 23.
Farkon aiki
West Coast Eagles ne suka dauki LeCras tare da zabin 37 gabaɗaya a cikin Draft na Kasa na 2004. Bayan ya kwashe rabin farko na kakar tare da West Perth, Ya fara bugawa West Coast a zagaye na 10 na kakar AFL ta 2005, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu kuma ya yi rikodin 12. Ya sake buga wasa daya kafin a sauke shi zuwa WAFL, inda ya buga sauran kakar.
An tuno shi a shekara ta 2006 don rikici na zagaye na 14 da Hawthorn, amma kawai ya gudanar da jimlar 16 a wasanni biyu kafin a sauke shi kuma a tuno shi don rushewar zagaye na 22 na Richmond, inda LeCras ya sanya wasan mamaki, ya fara kwallaye 5. LeCras ya kasance na huɗu a cikin lambar yabo ta Sandover don mafi kyawun ɗan wasa a WAFL a shekara ta 2006. Dan wasan West Coast Eagle Matt Priddis ne ya lashe kyautar. Ya yi gwagwarmaya da hanyarsa ta dawo cikin tawagar a shekara ta 2007, kuma ya yi kyakkyawan kakar wasa, inda ya zira kwallaye 36 a kakar.
Greg Stockdale
Francis Gregory Stockdale (30 Yuli 1899 - 14 Mayu 1949) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙa'idar Australiya wanda ya taka leda tare da Essendon a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL) a lokacin 1920s.
Iyali
Ɗan William Hallett Stockdale (1859-1927), da Agnes Stockdale (-1925), née Heavy (ko Heavey ko Harvey), Francis Gregory Stockdale an haife shi a Kilmore, Victoria, akan 30 Yuli 1899.
Ɗaya daga cikin ƴan uwansa, William Hallett Stockdale (1887-1915), an kashe shi a wani aiki a Gallipoli a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1915.
Ya auri Ivy Gladys Lobb (1894-1947) a 1936.
Kilmore (RDFA)
Ya taka leda tare da Kungiyar Kwallon kafa ta Kilmore a cikin 1917 da 1918.
Rushworth (KDFL)
Ya taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Rushworth a cikin Kyabram da League Football League a cikin 1919.
Corona (O&MFA)
Stockdale ya koma Corowa don yin aiki (a Stockdale & Skehan Motor Garage ) kuma ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da babban ɗan'uwansa, Chas Stockdale a cikin Ovens mai ƙarfi da Murray Football League daga 1920 zuwa 1922. A kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Corowa ne da gaske kwallon kafarsa ta fara yin fice. Ya kasance memba na babban gefen O&MFA na Corowa na 1921 wanda ya sha kashi a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Lake Rovers. Stockdale ya yi nasarar buga wasanni bakwai tare da kungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Essendon tsakanin 1920 zuwa 1922, kafin ya koma Melbourne na dindindin bayan kakar 1922 O&MFA don yin wasa tare da Essendon.
Essendon (VFL)
Ƙafar hagu, Stockdale ya fara aikinsa a Essendon a matsayin ɗan wasan baya a cikin 1920. Bayan buga cikakken kakar wasa don Corowa a 1922, Stockdale ya buga wasansa na farko don kakar tare da Essendon a zagaye na 15, sannan ya buga wasan gaba a wasan karshe na 1922, da Fitzroy akan 7 Oktoba 1922. Yin wasa a gaba ya zura biyar daga cikin kwallaye shida na Essendon (Essendon ya rasa wasan 6.9 (45) zuwa Fitzroy's 9.14 (68)) - daya daga cikinsu (a cikin kwata na uku) tare da kafar dama. Ya kasance mai gaba ga yawancin aikinsa.
A wasan farko na kakar 1923, da St Kilda, Stockdale ya zura kwallaye 10. A cikin kakar wasa ta 1923, ya zura kwallaye 68 kuma ya kasance babban mai tsaron ragar gasar VFL, inda ya karya tarihin mafi yawan kwallayen da dan wasa ya zura a kakar wasa. Ya kasance babban mai tsaron ragar Essendon a 1923 ( kwallaye 68), 1926 ( kwallaye 36 ), da 1928 ( kwallaye 39 ).
Ya lashe lambar yabo mafi kyawun Essendon a 1925; shi ne mataimakin kyaftin din kungiyar a shekarar 1928, kuma ya zama kyaftin na wasa daya a 1928. Ya wakilci Victoria a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a lokuta 8 (1923, 1925, 1927, da 1928).
Kotun VFL
An ba da rahoton Stockdale don cin zarafin Bill Berryman na Kudancin Melbourne a cikin kwata na uku na wasan 5 ga Mayu 1928 a Windy Hill. Bayan jin shaidar cewa Stockdale ya bugi Berryman sau hudu a baya, Kotun VFL ta dakatar da Stockdale na wasanni takwas.
Northcote (VFA)
Stockdale ya shiga Northcote a cikin Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Victoria (VFA) a cikin 1929, kuma ya taka leda har tsawon yanayi uku (1929 zuwa 1931). Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko ta Northcote a cikin 1929.
Coburg (VFA)
Ko da yake ba a sake shi zuwa Brunswick ba a cikin 1931, an kore shi daga Northcote a cikin Fabrairu 1932; Stockdale ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin-kocin Coburg na yanayi biyu (1932 zuwa 1933).
Anita Diamond
Anita Diamant (an haife ranar 27 ga watan Yuni, 1951 a Brooklyn ) marubuci ya yar Amurka ne kuma yar jarida. Littafin da ta yi shahararta shine La Tente rouge, wanda aka buga a 1997 kuma mafi kyawun siyarwa a duniya.
Greg Stockdale
Mutuwa
Ya mutu a wani asibiti mai zaman kansa a Kew, Victoria, a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1949.
Anita Diamond
Matasa da horo
Anita Diamant ta ciyar da ƙuruciyarta a Newark, New Jersey, kuma ta ƙaura zuwa Denver, Colorado lokacin da take da 12 ans. Ta halarci Jami'ar Colorado a Boulder kuma ta koma Jami'ar Washington a St. Louis, Missouri, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin adabi a. Daga nan ta sami digiri na biyu a Turanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York a Binghamton a 1975.
Amina Lemrini
Amina Lemrini El Ouahabi 'yar asalin Kasar Morocco ce mai rajin kare hakkin dan Adam, kuma shugabar kungiyar Haute Autorité de la communication audiovisuelle (Maɗaukakiyar Majalisar Sadarwa ta hoto mai murya).
Anita Diamond
Sana'ar ta
Anita Diamant ta fara aikinta na rubuce-rubuce a matsayin yar jarida mai zaman kanta. A farkon 1975, labaransa sun bayyana a cikin mujallar Boston Globe, Parenting, New England Monthly, Yankee, Self, Parents, McCall's, da Ms.,  mujallu.
Amina Lemrini
Tarihin Rayuwa
Lamrini ya sami digiri na uku (doctorat d'État) a fannin kimiyyar ilimi.
Anita Diamond
Sana'ar ta
Tun lokacin da aka fitar da littafinta The New Jewish Marriage, wanda ta bayyana a cikin 1985, ta buga wasu littattafai guda biyar akan al'adar Yahudawa na zamani. Ita ce marubucin littattafai masu yawa da jagororin aiki da aka buga akan rayuwar Yahudawa.
Amina Lemrini
Ayyuka
Lamrini itace co-kafa kuma tsohuwar shugaban kungiyar Demokradiyya ta Matan Morocco (Association Démocratique des Femmes Marocaines).
Anita Diamond
Sana'ar ta
Anita Diamant ta buga litattafan almara na farko a ƙarshen 1900s. An buga La Fille de Jacob a Faransa a cikin 1999, sannan aka sake buga shi a matsayin La Tente rouge. Wannan mai siyar da kaya shine abin da ya haifar da babban motsi na mata na duniya, na kafa " ja tantuna » : shi ne game da fahimtar da mata na sararin samaniya da aka iyakance ta yadudduka na launin ja, kayan ado da kuma sanya wuri mai aminci inda mata suke haɗuwa don yin magana game da batutuwa na mata . Sannan ta buga litattafai masu suna Good Harbor da Kwanakin Karshe na Dogtown.
Amina Lemrini
Ayyuka
Lamrini memba ce a kungiyar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta kasar Morocco (OMDH).
Anita Diamond
Sana'ar ta
Littafinta, rana Bayan Dare (2009), ya ba da labarin wasu mata huɗu da suka tsira daga Holocaust waɗanda, a cikin lokacin da ya biyo bayan ƙarshen yaƙin da kuma kafin kafa ƙasar Isra'ila, sun sami kansu a tsare a cibiyar tsare Atlit, a kudu. na Haifa, a ƙarƙashin Dokar Burtaniya ta Falasdinu.
A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu, Anita Diamant ta buga labari The Boston Girl, labarin wata yarinya 'yar hijira daga farkon XX. karni.
Alkawari
Anita Diamant ita ce shugabar da ta kafa cibiyoyin al'umma guda biyu a Amurka : Mayyim Hayyim Hayyim Living Waters Community Mikveh da Paula J. Brody & Education Center a Newton,. Mayyim Hayyim cibiyar albarkatun kasa ce ta kasa da kasa don ruhin Yahudawa.
Amina Lemrini
Littattafai
Lamrini ta wallafa littafin koyar da tarbiyya a kan ilimi da 'yancin yara, sannan kuma ta rubuta labarai da wallafe-wallafe kan batutuwan da suka shafi' yancin mata da suka hada da, "L'image de la femme dans le discours scolaire" da "Femmes et développement humain: cas du Maroc".
Rayuwar mutum
Ita ce mahaifiyar yara biyu.
Hauwa Ayawa
Hauwa Ayawa jaruma ce a masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato Kannywood, tayi fina finai da dama a masana antar fim, ta fito a fim din tashar arewa 24 Mai suna GIDAN BADAMASI, inda ta fito a yar Autar alhaji badamasi Mai suna azima.
Tarihi
Hauwa Abubakar Ayawa haifaffiyar Jihar Kaduna ce an haifeta a shekaran 1994. ta girma a jihar kaduna tayi karatun firamare a kaduna, daga nan ta tafi jihar zamfara tayi sakandiri a makarantar gwamnatin mata Dake kwatarkwashi. Bayan kammala sakandiri tayi karatun kwamfuta. Jarumar Bata da aure
Fara fim
Hauwa tace ta fara ne sakamakon mahaifiyar ta mai shirya finafinai ce a masana antar tana ganin jarumai a gidan su kala kala, tana da sha'awar yin fim ɗin. An fara hadata da fitaccen Mai Bada umarni muhammad alfazazi inda yasa ta a wasanin barkwanci, daga nan falalu dorayi yaga yadda take aktin ya dauke ta ya SATA a fim din sa na Gidan badamasi.wanda shine tushen daukakarta. Fim dinta na farko shine fim din musaddiq Wanda mustapha m Shariff ya Bada umarni, daga Nan SE fim din karar kwana.
Toyota Camry
Toyota Camry / / ˈkæmri / ; Jafananci : トヨタ・カムリToyota Kamuri ) mota ce da kamfanin kera motoci na Japan Toyota na Japan ke siyar dashi tun 1982, wanda ya wuce tsararraki da dama. Asalin ƙaƙƙarfan girman (ƙunƙuntaccen jiki), Camry ya girma tun cikin shekarun 1990 don dacewa da matsakaicin girman girman (jiki mai faɗi) - ko da yake faɗin biyu sun kasance tare a cikin waɗannan shekaru goma. Tun bayan fitar da +nau'ikan), gami da "Toyota] sun ɗaukaka Camry, a matsayin " motar duniya " ta biyu ta kamfanin bayan Corolla . , Camry yana matsayi sama da Corolla kuma a ƙarƙashin Avalon ko Crown a cikin kasuwanni da yawa.
A Japan, Camry ya kasance keɓantacce ga Toyota Corolla Store dillalan dillalai. Motoci masu kunkuntar kuma sun haifar da wani ɗan'uwan da aka sake yi a Japan, Toyota Vista (トヨタ・ビスタ)—kuma an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1982 kuma ana sayar da shi a wuraren shagunan Toyota Vista. An sayar da nau'ikan man dizal a baya a Shagon Toyota Diesel. Vista Ardeo sigar wagon ce ta Vista V50.
Ali Gumzak
Ali Gumzak darakta ne a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato Kannywood, yayi daraktin fina finai da dama Wanda suka shahara a masana antar. Fina finan da yayi daraktin. Shine Mafi kyawun darakta a masana antar Kannywood.
Tesfaye Jifar
Tesfaye Jifar (Amharic:ተስፋዬ jifar) an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilu, 1976) ɗan ƙasar Habasha ne ɗan wasan tsere mai nisa (Long-distance runner)
Ali Gumzak
Takaitaccen Tarihin Sa
Ali gumzak an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan fabrairu shekarar 1985 a jihar Kano. Yana da mata daya da Yara biyu. fina finan sa. wadan da yai daraktin
Tesfaye Jifar
Jifar ya lashe tseren gudun marathon na birnin New York a shekara ta 2001, lokacinsa na 2:07:43 ya tsaya a matsayin mai rike da tarihin course na tsawon shekaru goma. A wannan shekarar ya kasance na biyu a gasar Marathon Tokyo kuma ya lashe tseren gudun marathon na Saint Silvester da aka gudanar a Brazil. A gasar Marathon Amsterdam a shekarar 1999 ya zama na biyu kuma ya karya tarihin Habasha da Belayneh Dinsamo ya rike. Lokacin Jifar na sa'o'i 2:06:49 ya kasance tarihin kansa.
Tesfaye Jifar wanda ya taba lashe lambar yabo sau uku a gasar tseren Half marathon ta duniya IAAF, ya lashe tagulla a shekarar 1999 da 2000 da azurfa a shekarar 2001.
A gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya a shekarar 2001 da aka yi a Edmonton Jifar ya zo na bakwai a tseren gudun marathon.
Helena Gualinga
Sumak Helena Sirén Gualinga wacce aka sani da Helena Gualinga (an haife ta ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu, 2002). 'yar asali ce mai rajin kare muhalli da kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam daga al'ummar Kichwa Sarayaku da ke Pastaza, Ecuador.
Rayuwar farko
Gualinga an haife shi ne a yankin Sarayaku a Pastaza, Ecuador. Kuma ta kasance mafi yawan shekarunta suna zaune a Pargas sannan daga baya a Turku, Finland inda mahaifinta ya fito. Tana zuwa makarantar sakandare a Cathedral School of Åbo. Tun daga ƙuruciya Gualinga ta shaida tsanantawar da aka yiwa iyalinta saboda tsayayya da bukatun manyan kamfanonin mai da tasirin muhallinsu ga igenan Asalin. Shugabanni da yawa daga cikin jama'arta sun rasa rayukansu a cikin rikice-rikicen rikici da ya shafi gwamnati da kamfanoni. Ta bayyana wa Yle cewa tana ganin tarbiyyarta ba da son ranta ba a irin wannan yanayi na tashin hankali a matsayin dama.
Kunnawa
Gualinga ta zama kakakin ƙungiyar yan asalin Sarayaku. Yunkurin nata ya hada da fallasa rikici tsakanin al'ummarta da kamfanonin mai ta hanyar isar da sako mai karfafa gwiwa tsakanin matasa a makarantun cikin gida a Ecuador. Ta kuma nuna wannan sakon a bayyane ga al'ummomin duniya da fatan isa ga masu tsara manufofi. Ita da iyalinta sun bayyana hanyoyi da yawa da su, a matsayinsu na ofan asalin ƴan asalin yankin a cikin Amazon, sun sami canjin yanayi, gami da yawaitar gobarar daji, kwararowar hamada, lalacewar kai tsaye da cutar dake yaduwa ta ambaliyar ruwa, da saurin narke dusar kankara akan tsaunukan dutse. Wadannan tasirin, in ji ta, sun kasance sananne kai tsaye a rayuwar dattawan gari. Gualinga ta bayyana cewa waɗancan dattawan sun san canjin yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ƙarancin ilimin kimiyya ba.
Gualinga ta riƙe wata alamar da ke cewa "sangre indígena, ni una sola gota más" (Jinsin 'yan asalin ƙasar, ba wani digo ɗaya ba) a waje da hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a birnin New York a wani zanga-zangar tare da ɗaruruwan wasu matasa masu rajin kare muhalli yayin aikin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a shekara ta 2019. Taron
Helena Gualinga ta halarci COP25 a Madrid, Spain. Tayi magana game da damuwarta kan gwamnatin Ecuador da ke ba da izinin hakar mai a cikin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Ta ce: "Gwamnatin kasarmu har yanzu tana ba da yankunanmu ga kamfanonin da ke da alhakin sauyin yanayi. Wannan laifi ne. " Ta soki gwamnatin Ecuador kan da'awar da take da ita na kare Amazon a yayin taron maimakon halartar bukatun mata 'yan asalin Amazon da aka kawo wa gwamnati yayin zanga-zangar Ecuador ta 2019. Ta kuma nuna rashin jin dadinta game da rashin sha'awar shugabannin duniya na tattauna batutuwan da 'yan asalin yankin suka kawo taron.
Ta fara yunkurin " Pollutter Out " tare da wasu masu fafutukar kare muhalli 150, a ranar 24 ga Janairu, Shekara ta 2020. Takardar neman motsi ita ce "Nemi Patricia Espinosa, Babbar Sakatariya a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Tsarin Mulki kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC), Ki Neman Kuɗi Daga Kamfanonin Fosil Fuel Na COP26!"
Maryam Hiyana
Maryam Hiyana tsohuwar jaruma ce a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato Kannywood ta Dade tana fim daga baya tai aure, tayi tashe a lokacin ta, kyakkyawar doguwar mace ce , a zamanin ta tana daya daga cikin kyawawan mata a masana antar,tagi zamani dasu Fati Muhammad, Kubra Dako, Jamila Nagudu. .
Fortaleza
Fortaleza babban birnin jihar Ceará ne, dake arewa maso gabashin Brazil. Birni ne na 4 mafi girma a Brazil, birnin ya wuce Salvador a cikin ƙidayar 2023 tare da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 2.7, kuma birni na 12 mafi girma ta hanyar yawan amfanin gida. Ya zama ainihin yankin babban birni na Fortaleza, wanda ke da gida ga mutane sama da miliyan 4.1. Fortaleza muhimmiyar cibiyar masana'antu da kasuwanci ce ta Arewa maso Gabashin Brazil. A cewar ma'aikatar yawon bude ido, ita ce birni na hudu da aka fi ziyarta a kasar. Hanyar BR-116, babbar hanya mafi mahimmanci a kasar, ta fara ne a Fortaleza. Gundumar wani yanki ne na kasuwar gama gari ta Mercosur, kuma tashar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci wacce ke kusa da babban yankin Turai, kasancewa kilomita 5,608 (3,485 mi) daga Lisbon, Portugal. A arewacin birnin akwai Tekun Atlantika; a kudu akwai kananan hukumomin Pacatuba, Eusébio, Maracanaú da Itaitinga; zuwa gabas akwai gundumar Aquiraz da Tekun Atlantika; kuma zuwa yamma akwai gundumar Caucaia. Mazauna garin ana kiransu da Fortalezenses. Fortaleza yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen uku a yankin arewa maso gabas tare da Recife da Salvador.
Maryam Hiyana
Takaitaccen Tarihin Ta
Marayam usman hiyana ta samo sunan hiyana ne a sanadiyyar fim din datayi Mai suna hiyana ,tare da manyan jarumai Sarki Ali Nuhu da Kuma Adam A Zango, daga wannan fim din ake Kiran ta da Maryam hiyana. .jarumar tayi aure bayan Wani ibtila,I ya fada mata a harkan fim inda tai aure Kuma tana zaune lafiya a gidan mijin ta inda ta haifi Yara biyar dashi.
Dara (Chess)
Chess wasa ne na allo a tsakanin ' yan wasa biyu. Wani lokaci ana kiransa chess na duniya ko kuma dara na yammacin duniya don bambanta shi da wasanni masu alaƙa, kamar xiangqi (Ches na China) da shogi (Ches na Japan). Tsarin wasan na yanzu ya bayyana a Spain da sauran Kudancin Turai a lokacin rabin na biyu na karni na 15 bayan da ya samo asali daga chaturanga, wasa mai kama da asalin Indiyawa. A yau, chess na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wasanni a duniya, wanda miliyoyin mutane ke bugawa a duniya. Chess wasa ne na dabarun dabara kuma bai ƙunshi bayanan ɓoye ba. Ana buga shi a kan allo mai murabba'i 64 da aka tsara a cikin grid takwas da takwas. A farkon, kowane mai kunnawa yana sarrafa guda goma sha shida: sarki ɗaya, sarauniya ɗaya, rooks biyu, bishops biyu, knights biyu, da 'yan baranda takwas. Mai kunnawa da ke sarrafa farar guda ya fara motsawa, sannan mai kunnawa yana sarrafa baƙake. Manufar wasan ita ce bincikar sarkin abokan hamayya, inda aka kai wa sarki hari nan take (a cikin "check") kuma babu yadda za a yi ta kubuta. Hakanan akwai hanyoyi da yawa da wasa zai iya ƙarewa a cikin zane.
Ches ɗin da aka tsara ya tashi a ƙarni na 19. FIDE (International Chess Federation) ce ke jagorantar gasar chess a yau. Zakaran Chess na Duniya na farko da aka sani a duniya, Wilhelm Steinitz, ya yi ikirarin takensa a 1886; Magnus Carlsen shine Gwarzon Duniya na yanzu. Babbar ka'idar dara ta haɓaka tun farkon wasan. Ana samun ɓangarorin fasaha a cikin ƙirar chess, kuma Ches a nasa bangaren ya shafi al'adu da fasaha na Yamma, kuma yana da alaƙa da wasu fannoni kamar lissafi, kimiyyar kwamfuta, da ilimin halin ɗan adam.
Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin masana kimiyyar kwamfuta na farko shine ƙirƙirar na'urar wasan dara. A cikin shekarar 1997, Deep Blue ta zama kwamfuta ta farko da ta doke Gwarzon Duniya mai mulki a wasa lokacin da ta doke Garry Kasparov. Injin chess na yau sun fi ƙwararrun ƴan wasan ɗan adam ƙarfi kuma sun yi tasiri sosai ga haɓakar ka'idar dara.
Dokoki
FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), hukumar gudanarwar chess ce ta buga dokokin dara, a cikin littafin Handbook. Dokokin da hukumomin gwamnatocin ƙasa suka buga, ko ta ƙungiyoyin darasi maras alaƙa, masu buga tallace-tallace, da sauransu, na iya bambanta a wasu cikakkun bayanai. Kwanan nan an sake sabunta dokokin FIDE a cikin shekarar 2018.