cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Stella Bloch
Auren farko da dangantaka da Asiya
A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyu, Bloch ya auri Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy, mai kula da fasahar Indiya da Musulmi a Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts a Boston, yana da shekaru 20 da haihuwa; Auren Coomaraswamy ne na uku. Coomaraswamy ta fara saninta a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha bakwai ta zanen Bloch. Lokacin da suka san juna da kansu, soyayya ta taso, wanda mahaifiyar Charlotte Bloch da farko ta yi ƙoƙari ta hana. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar Coomaraswamy da wallafe-wallafensa masu yawa, Stella Bloch ya juya zuwa addinin Buddha. Ma'auratan sun yi tafiya zuwa Gabas mai Nisa, inda Bloch ya yi nazarin raye-raye a Bali, Cambodia, Jamhuriyar China, Indiya, Japan da Java. A wannan lokacin ta shafe shekara guda a fadar Sarkin Musulmin Solo domin koyon rawan Javanese karkashin jagorancin mai kula da rawa. Ta rubuta kayayyaki da raye-rayen al'adu daban-daban a cikin zane-zane. Bayan dawowarta daga Asiya, Stella Bloch ta koyar da raye-rayen Javanese a Boston da New York kuma ta ba da laccoci kan rayuwa a can, daga baya ta bude nata dakin rawa. Ta rubuta labarai don mujallu kuma an nuna ta a jaridu da mujallu. A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyu ta buga littafin Rawa da Drama Gabas da Yamma, wanda ya bambanta wasan kwaikwayo na Gabas da Yamma kuma ya haɗa da wasu zane-zane. An sake fitar da shi sau da yawa, kwanan nan a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da tara
A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin an sake ta daga Coomaraswamy.
Jack Badham
Jack Badham (an haife shi a shekara ta 1919 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1992) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Oumarou Ganda
Oumarou Ganda (1935 – 1 Janairu 1981) darakta ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Nijar a fina-finan Afirka a shekarun 1960 da 1970.
Rayuwa
An haifi Ganda a Yamai babban birnin Nijar a shekarar 1935 kuma ɗan ƙabilar Djerma ne. Ya kammala karatun firamare a birnin Yamai da kuma ya na da shekaru 16 ya koma Faransa Far East Expeditionary Corps kamar yadda wani soja daga shekarar 1951 zuwa shekarar 1955. Bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a Asiya a lokacin yaƙin Indochina na farko ya koma Nijar, inda ya kasa samun aiki. Ya yi hijira zuwa Côte d'Ivoire kuma ya zama dogon bakin teku a tashar jiragen ruwa na Abidjan. A can ya sadu da masanin ilimin ɗan adam kuma ɗan fim Jean Rouch. Rouch ya kasance mai sha'awar al'ummar Nijar a Cote d'Ivoire kuma ya dauki Ganda a matsayin masanin kididdiga don bincikensa kan shige da fice.
Rouch ne ya gabatar da Ganda a sinima. Ganda yayi fitowa ta musamman a cikin fim ɗin Rouch na shekarar 1957 Zazouman de Treichville, da kuma jagorar rawar a Moi, un Noir ( I, a Negro ) a cikin 1958. Bayan 'yan shekaru ya koma Yamai, inda ya shiga cikin Cibiyar Al'adu ta Franco-Nigerian. A Cibiyar Al'adu da Cinema Club ya hadu da ƙwararrun ƙwararru waɗanda ke ba da horo a kan jagoranci, kamara, da sauti, kuma ya zama mataimakin technician. Kulob din ya samar da fina-finai da dama, kuma a cikin 1968 ya shirya gasar wasan kwaikwayo, wanda Ganda ya rubuta rubutun fim ɗinsa na farko, Cabascabo, bisa ga abubuwan da ya samu a Indochina. Ya ci gaba da yin fina-finai a cikin shekarun 1970, yawancinsu sun sami yabo na duniya kuma sun kasance motocin sharhin zamantakewa a lokacin jam'iyya daya. Shahararriyarsa, Le Wazzou Polygame (1970) ya sami lambar yabo ta FESPACO Film Festival Best Film Award. Baya ga fina-finansa masu ban mamaki, Ganda ya kammala fina-finai da yawa kuma yana aiki a kan daya a lokacin mutuwarsa ta bugun zuciya a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1981.
Girmamawa bayan mutuwa
A matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun fim a bikin fim na FESPACO na shekara na farko, bayan rasuwarsa FESPACO ta fara ba da lambar yabo ta Fina-finan Afirka mai suna Oumarou Ganda Prize.
Zouleiha Abzetta Dabonne
A shekarar 2021, ta ci daya daga cikin lambobin tagulla a gasar ta a gasar Judo ta Afirka ta shekarar 2021 da aka gudanar a Dakar, Senegal.
Mubi ta Kudu
Mubi ta Kudu karamar hukuma ce dake a jihar Adamawa, arewa maso gabashin Nijeriya.
Omolara Omotosho
Omolara Omotosho (an haifeta ranar 25 ga watan Mayu, 1993) a Akure, Nijeriya. Ƴar tseren Najeriya ce wadda ta ƙware a tseren mita 400. Ta wakilci Najeriya a gasar wasannin Olympics ta bazara a shekara ta 2012.
Competition record
1 Disqualified in the final. 2 Disqualified in the semifinals.
Jack Bailey (1921)
Jack Bailey (an haife shi a shekara ta 1921) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Masallacin Yerevan
Masallacin Yerevan, masallaci ne a, Armenia. An gina shi a shekarar 1766 a lokacin mulkin Huseyn Ali.
Opportune Aymadji
Opportunity Aymadji Yar nl ƙasar Chadi ce kuma yar siyasa ce a kasar. Ta kuma kasance memba ce ta Majalisar Nationalasa ta Ceto (MPS). A watan Yulin shekarar 2015 ba ta yi nasarar zama Sakatare-Janar na Yankin MPS na yankin Logone Oriental ba tare da nasara ba.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
(an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan oktoba a shekarar 1956 ) Tarihin Rayuwar Sabon Shugaban Kasar Iran Mahmud Ahmadi Nejad: An haifi Mahmud Ahmadi Nejad a kauyen Garamsar na jihar Samnan a shekarar 1956, mahaifinsa dai wani makeri da ke 'ya'ya bakwai, Ahmadi Nejad shi ne na hudu cikin yaran. Ahmade Nejad dai tun yana dan shekara guda a duniya iyayen nasa suka dawo birnin Tehran da zama. Ahmadi Nejad ya fara karatun firamare da sakandarensa ne a birnin Tehran din inda bayan nasarar da ya samu a jarabawar karshe ta sakandare ya wuce zuwa jami'ar birnin inda ya karanci ilmin harkar gine-gine har ya samu digiri na biyu a wannan fanni a shekarar 1966. Daga nan ya ci gaba da karantarwa a jami'ar da kuma ci gaba da karatunsa inda ya sami digirin-digirgir a shekarar 1977.
Aly Abeid
Yacoub Aly Abeid (علي عبيد هو; an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Mauritaniya wanda ke taka leda a kulob ɗin Liga I UTA Arad da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Mauritania a matsayin mai tsaron baya.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Ahmadi Nejad ya fara harkokin siyasa ne tun a jami;ar, wato tun kafin nasarar juyin juya halin Musulunci inda ya kasance daga cikin masu goyon bayan kiran da marigayi Imam Khumaini (r.a) ya ke yi ta hanyar shirya tarurrukan addini da lakcoci kan mahangar Imam da kuma tafarkinsa, baya ga haka kuma ya kasance daga cikin masu yada takardu da lakcocin marigayi Imam din da ke kiran al'umma da suka tashi don kawar da gwamnatin kama-karya ta Shah, haka dai ya ci gaba da wannan aiki har bayan nasarar juyin juya halin.
Bayan nasarar juyin, an kafa wani kwamiti na 'yan jami'a da ke ganawa da marigayi Imam da tattaunawa kan mas'aloli daban-daban na siyasa da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi jami'a, an zabi Dr. Ahmadi Nejad a matsayin wakilin 'yan jami'an a wannan kwamiti kuma haka lamarin ya ci gaba har zuwa wannan lokaci.
Aly Abeid
Aikin kulob/ƙungiya
Aly Abeid da dan kasarsu Moctar Sidi El Hacen sun kulla yarjejeniya da kungiyar Levante UD ta kasar Sipaniya a shekarar 2014 bayan sun taka rawar gani a wata gasa da ke kusa, amma ba za su iya buga gasa ba a kungiyar har sai sun kai shekaru 18 saboda dokokin FIFA. Ya fara taka leda a kungiyar ajiyar a Segunda División B da Tercera División.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Bayan kaddamar da hare-haren wuce-gona da iri da Saddam ya kaddamar kan Iran, wato kallafaffen yaki na shekaru 8, Ahmad Nejad ya kasance a sahun gaba-gaba a yayin wannan yaki, inda daga baya ma aka zabe shi daga cikin sojoji na musamman na dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci da aka kafa da nufin kare juyin da kuma kasar Iran din gaba daya. Saboda irin kwarewar da yake da shi, an zabe babban jami'in tsare-tsare a bataliya ta 6 ta dakarun da ke alhakin kare yammacin kasar.
Aly Abeid
Aikin kulob/ƙungiya
A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun 2018 a cikin rikicin raunin da kuma dakatarwa a cikin kulob din Valencian, Aly Abeid ya fara zama na farko a matsayin dan wasa na farko a gasar La Liga, a cikin rashin nasarar 3-0 a Atlético Madrid. Marca ta yaba masa saboda kwazonsa. An ba da Aly Abeid aro ga kulob ɗin AD Alcorcón na Segunda División a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin 2018 na kakar wasa, kuma an yi rajista da ƙungiyar su ta biyu a mataki na huɗu.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
A bangare mukamai na siyasa da gwamnati kuwa, Ahmadi Nejad ya rike matsayin mataikamakin magajin garin Kurdistan, kana daga baya kuma aka nada shi a matsayin mai ba wa ministan al'adu da ilmi mai zurfi kan harkokin da suka shafi al'adu. Daga baya kuma an zabe shi a matsayin magajin garin Ardabil, sakamakon irin ayyukan ci gaban da ya gudanar an zabe shi a matsayin magajin garin da ya fi sauran takarorinsa gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba. Irin wannan kwarewa tasa tasa aka zabe shi a matsayin magajin garin birnin Tehran inda a nan ma ya gudanar da ayyukan gaske na ci gaban birnin da ake ganin na daga cikin dalilan da yasa al'ummar birnin suka zabe shi a wannan zabe na shugaban kasa da aka gudanar.
Aly Abeid
Aikin kulob/ƙungiya
A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 2020, Abeid a hukumance ya shiga kulob din Faransa Ligue 2 Valenciennes FC, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya har zuwa Yuni 2022.
Ayyukan kasa
Ya buga wa tawagar kasar wasa a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka 2019, gasar farko ta kasa da kasa ta tawagar
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
An shaidi Ahmadi Nejad da cewa mutum ne mai rayuwa cikin sauki da ya damu da halin da talakawa suke ciki, hakan ne ma ya sa wasu suke kwatanta shi da tsohon shugaban kasar Ali Raja'i da munafukai suka kashe. A bangaren harkokin addini kuwa, Ahmadi Nejad ya yi fuce wajen kula da koyarwa ta addini da kuma shiryar da na kasa da shi zuwa ga hakan. Dukkan wadannan ababe biyu su ma sun taimaka masa nesa ba kusa wajen janyo hankula al'ummar Iran zuwa gare shi.
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa
Tsarin daidaiton yanayin kasa ( GCS ) tsarine wanda yake kunshe da ainihin wurare a Duniya ( matsayin wuri ). GCS na iya ba da matsayi:
A geodetic da daidaito da kuma lambobin taswira, tsarin daidato yana hawa kuka sai ya hade. and map coordinates, the coordinate tuple is decomposed such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two of the numbers represent a horizontal position. A sabuwar dabara na wani yanayin daidaita tsarin da aka kullum yaba wa Eratosthenes na Bakurane, waɗanda suka haɗa da yanzu-rasa yanayin kasa a Library of Alexandria a cikin karni 3rd BC. Aarni ɗaya bayan haka, Hipparchus na Nicaea ya inganta akan wannan tsarin ta hanyar tantance latitude daga ma'aunin taurari maimakon tsawan rana da kuma ƙayyade tsawo ta hanyar lokutan fitowar wata, maimakon lissafin mutu'a. A cikin karni na 1 ko na 2, Marinus na Taya ya kirkiro babban gazetteer da taswirar duniya ta hanyar lissafi ta hanyar amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyin da aka auna daga gabas daga Firayim Minista a yankin da aka fi sani da yamma, wanda aka sanya tsibirin Fortunate, kusa da gabar yammacin Afirka kusa da Canary ko Cape Tsibirin Verde, kuma ya auna arewa ko kudu na tsibirin Rhodes daga Asiya orarama. Ptolemy ya yaba masa da cikakkiyar tallafi na latitude da latitud, maimakon auna latitude dangane da tsawon ranar tsakiyar lokacin bazara.
Ptota 2nd-karni <i id="mwTA">yanayin kasa</i> amfani da wannan Firayim Meridian amma auna latitud daga mazauna maimakon. Bayan an fassara aikinsu zuwa larabci a karni na 9, littafin Al-Khwārizmī na bayanin Duniya ya gyara kurakuran Marinus da Ptolemy dangane da tsawon Tekun Bahar Rum, wanda ya haifar da zanen larabawa na zamani don amfani da Firayim Meridian kusa da 10 ° gabashin layin Ptolemy. Taswirar ilimin lissafi ta ci gaba a cikin Turai bayan Maximus Planudes 'dawo da rubutun Ptolemy kaɗan kafin 1300; an fassara rubutun zuwa Latin a Florence ta Jacobus Angelus a wajajen 1407.
A shekarar 1884, Amurka ta dauki bakuncin taron Meridian na Duniya, wanda ya samu halartar wakilai daga kasashe ashirin da biyar. Ashirin da biyu daga cikinsu sun amince da ɗaukar doguwar Royal Observatory a Greenwich, Ingila a matsayin layin nuna sifili. Jamhuriyar Dominica ta kada kuri’ar kin amincewa da kudirin, yayin da Faransa da Brazil suka kaurace. Faransa ta karɓi Lokacin Ma'anar Greenwich a maimakon ƙayyadaddun gida ta hanyar Paris Observatory a cikin 1911.
Datums na iya zama na duniya, ma'ana cewa suna wakiltar duk Duniya, ko kuma suna iya zama na gari, ma'ana cewa suna wakiltar ellipsoid mafi dacewa don kawai ɓangaren Duniya. Mahimman bayanai akan doron duniya suna dangi da juna saboda motsin farantin nahiyoyi, rashi, da kuma ambaton girgizar duniya wanda wata da Rana suka haifar. Wannan motsi na yau da kullun na iya zama kamar mita. Yunkurin ƙasa na iya zuwa 10 cm a shekara, ko 10 m a cikin ƙarni. Yankin yanayin yanayin matsin lamba na iya haifar da nitsewa na 5 mm. Scandinavia tana hawa da 1 cm a shekara sakamakon narkewar kankara na zamanin dusar kankara na karshe, amma makwabtan Scotland yana tashi da 0.2 cm kawai. Waɗannan canje-canje ba su da mahimmanci idan aka yi amfani da datum na gida, amma suna da ƙididdiga idan aka yi amfani da datum na duniya.
Datididdigar cikin gida da ƙungiyar zane-zanen ƙasa suka zaɓa sun haɗa da Datum ta Arewacin Amurka, Turai ta Turai50, da Burtaniya OSGB36. Bada wuri, datum din yana bada damar \phi da kuma longitude \lambda. A cikin Burtaniya akwai latitude, Longitude, da Tsarin tsayi guda uku da ake amfani da su. WGS84 ya banbanta a Greenwich da wanda akayi amfani dashi akan taswirar da aka buga OSGB36 da kimanin 112m. Tsarin soja na ED50, wanda NATO ke amfani da shi, ya bambanta da kusan 120m zuwa 180m.
Latitude da longitude a kan taswirar da aka yi wa datti na gida bazai zama iri ɗaya da wanda aka samo daga mai karɓar GPS ba. Canza tsarawa daga wannan datum zuwa wani yana bukatar canjin datti kamar sauyawar Helmert, kodayake a wasu yanayi fassarar mai sauki na isa.
A cikin mashahurin software na GIS, bayanan da aka tsara a cikin latitud / longitude galibi ana wakiltar su azaman Tsarin Tsarin Geoasa. Misali, bayanai a cikin latitude / longitude idan datum din shine Datum ta Arewacin Amurka na 1983 yana nuna ta 'GCS North American 1983'.
"Latitude" (gajerun kalmomi: Lat., Φ, ko phi) na aya a saman duniya shine kusurwa tsakanin jirgin sama mai daidaitawa da layin da yake wucewa ta wannan wurin zuwa kuma (ko kusa da) tsakiyar duniya. Lines masu haɗuwa da wuraren da'irar alamun latitude a saman Duniya ana kiransu masu kamanceceniya, kamar yadda suke daidai da Equator da juna. Pole ta Arewa 90 ° ne N; Pole ta Kudu yana 90 ° S. Zangon 0 ° na latitude an ayyana shi ne Equator, babban jirgi ne na dukkanin tsarin daidaita yanayin ƙasa. Equator ya raba duniya zuwa Yankin Arewa da na Kudu.
"Longitude" (taƙaitawa: Long., Λ, ko lambda) na aya a saman duniya shine kusurwar gabas ko yamma na meridian da aka ambata zuwa wani meridian da ya ratsa ta wannan wurin. Duk 'yan meridians rabi ne na manyan ƙusoshin hannu (wanda ake kira manyan da'ira ), waɗanda ke haɗuwa a Poles na Arewa da Kudu. Meridian na British Royal Observatory a Greenwich, a kudu maso gabashin London, Ingila, shi ne Firayim Minista na duniya, kodayake wasu ƙungiyoyi-irin su French Institut national de l’information géographique et forestière - ci gaba da amfani da wasu meridians don dalilai na ciki. Firayim Minista yana ƙayyade Hemispheres na Gabas da Yammacin da suka dace, kodayake taswira galibi suna rarraba waɗannan sassan zuwa yamma don kiyaye Tsohuwar Duniya a gefe ɗaya. Meridian antipodal na Greenwich duka 180 ° W da 180 ° E. Wannan ba za a haɗa shi da Layin Kwanan Duniya ba, wanda ya karkata daga gare shi a wurare da yawa saboda dalilai na siyasa da sauƙi, gami da tsakanin gabashin gabashin Rasha da tsibirin Aleutian da ke yamma mai nisa.
Haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwan biyu ya bayyana matsayin kowane wuri a saman Duniya, ba tare da la'akari da tsawo ko zurfin ba. Grid din da aka kirkira ta layin latitude da longitude ana kiransa "kyauta". Tushen / sifili na wannan tsarin yana cikin Tekun Guinea na kusan 625 km kudu da Tema, Ghana.
A kan GRS80 ko WGS84 spheroid a matakin teku a Equator, daya sakandare na biyu yakai mita 30.715, minti daya na latitudinal yakai mita 1843 kuma digirin latitudinal daya shine 110.6 kilomita. Da'irorin Longitude, meridians, sun haɗu a sandunan ƙasa, tare da faɗin yamma zuwa gabas na sakan na ɗabi'a yana raguwa yayin da latitude ke ƙaruwa. A kan Equator a matakin teku, dakika biyu a tsaye zaikai 30.92 mita, tsayin mintuna shine 1855 mita kuma digiri na biyu shine 111.3 kilomita. A 30 ° na biyu a tsaye shine 26.76 mita, a Greenwich (51 ° 28′38 ″ N) 19.22 mita, kuma a 60 ° yana da mita 15.42.
A kan WGS84 spheroid, tsayin a mitoci na digiri na latitude a latitude φ (ma'ana, adadin mitoci da za ku yi tafiya tare da layin arewa zuwa kudu don matsar da digiri 1 a latitude, lokacin da ke latitude φ), shine game da
Mita da aka dawo na mitoci a kowane matakin latitude ya sha bamban tare da latitude.
Hakanan, ana iya lasafta tsayin a cikin mitoci na digiri na tsawo kamar yadda
(Waɗannan ma'aunin za a iya inganta su, amma yayin da suke tsaye nisan da suka bayar daidai ne a cikin santimita. )
Dabarun sun dawo da raka'a mita na digiri.
Wata hanya ta daban don kimanta tsawon karatun digiri a latitud shine ɗaukar Duniyar da ke kewaye (don samun faɗi a minti ɗaya da na biyu, raba ta 60 da 3600, bi da bi):
inda duniya ke matsakaiciyar radius ne 6,367,449 m. Tunda Duniya ƙasa ce mai fa'ida, ba mai zagaye ba, wannan sakamakon yana iya kashe da kashi goma cikin ɗari na ɗari; mafi kyaun kusanci na dogon lokaci a latitud shine
inda radius na kasa da kasa a yayi daidai da 6,378,137 m kuma ; ga GRS80 da WGS84 spheroids, b / a lissafin ya zama 0.99664719. ( an san shi da ƙarancin latitude (ko ma'auni ). Baya ga zagayawa, wannan ita ce madaidaiciyar tazara tare da daidaiton latitude; samun nesa tare da gajeriyar hanya zai zama aiki mai yawa, amma waɗannan nisan biyu koyaushe suna cikin mita 0.6 na juna idan maki biyun suna mataki ɗaya na nesa da juna.
Grid tsarawa
Don kafa matsayin wuri na wuri a kan taswira, ana amfani da tsinkayar taswira don sauya haɗin haɗin yanayin zuwa haɗin jirgin sama akan taswira; yana aiwatar da daidaitattun bayanan ellipsoidal da tsayi zuwa saman shimfidar taswira. Datum ɗin, tare da taswirar taswira da aka yi amfani da shi a layin wuraren bincike, ya kafa tsarin layin wutar lantarki don tsara wurare. Taswirar taswira ta gama gari a cikin amfani na yanzu sun hada da Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Tsarin Grid Reference Reference System (MGRS), United States National Grid (USNG), Global Reference System (GARS) da World Geographic Reference System (GEOREF). Abubuwan haɗin kai akan taswira galibi suna cikin lamuran ƙa'idodi na N da kuma biyan harajin E dangane da asalin asali.
Ka'idodin taswirar taswira sun dogara da joometry na tsinkayar da kuma sigogin da suka dogara da takamaiman wurin da aka tsara taswirar. Saitin sigogi na iya bambanta dangane da nau'in aikin da taron da aka zaba don tsinkayen. Don tsinkayen Mercator wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin UTM, sigogin da ke hade sune latitude da longitude na asalin halitta, al'adun karya da gabas ta karya, da kuma ma'aunin sikeli gaba daya. Idan aka ba da sigogi da ke alaƙa da wani wuri ko murmushi, abubuwan da ake tsammani don ƙetare Mercator haɗuwa ce ta aikin algebraic da trigonometric.
UTM da UPS tsarin
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) da Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) suna daidaita tsarin dukansu suna amfani da layin Cartesi wanda aka shimfida akan waniy ma'auni wanda aka tsara shi don gano matsayin a saman Duniya. Tsarin UTM ba taswirar taswira guda bane amma jerin sittin, kowannensu yana dauke da makada mai digiri 6 na tsawo. Ana amfani da tsarin UPS don yankuna na polar, waɗanda tsarin UTM bai rufe su ba.
Tsarin daidaita yanayin sitiriyo
A lokacin zamanin da, ana amfani da tsarin daidaita yanayin sitiriyo don dalilai na kewayawa. An tsara tsarin daidaita yanayin sitiriyo ta tsarin latitude-latitud. Kodayake ba a amfani da su a cikin kewayawa, ana amfani da tsarin daidaitaccen yanayin a cikin zamani don bayyana kwatancen kristal a fagen kristallography, ma'adinai da kimiyyar kayan.
Daidaito na tsaye
Duk ma'anar da aka bayyana a cikin haɗin gwiwar ellipsoidal za'a iya bayyana ta azaman x y z ( Cartesian ) daidaitawa. Ididdigar Cartesian ta sauƙaƙe lissafin lissafi da yawa. Tsarin Cartesian na ɗakunan ajiya daban-daban basu dace ba.
-Asa-tsakiya, -aukakken duniya
-Asar da aka kafa ta duniya (wanda aka fi sani da ECEF, ECF, ko tsarin daidaita yanayin duniya) yana juyawa tare da Duniya kuma yana da asalinsa a tsakiyar Duniya.
Tsarin daidaitawa na hannun dama na dama yana sanya:
Misali shine bayanan NGS don faifan tagulla kusa da taron Donner, a California. Ganin girman ellipsoid, jujjuyawar daga lat / lon / tsawo-sama-ellipsoid zuwa XYZ kai tsaye ne - a kirga XYZ don lat-lon da aka bayar akan farfajiyar ellipsoid kuma ƙara vetocin XYZ wanda yake daidai da ellipsoid a can kuma yana da tsayi daidai da tsayin wurin sama da ellipsoid. Juyin juya baya ya fi wuya: idan aka ba XYZ nan da nan za mu iya samun tsawo, amma babu wata hanyar rufewa da kewayawa da tsawo. Duba "Tsarin yanayi ." Ta amfani da dabara ta Bowring a cikin 1976 Survey Review na farko iteration bada latitude daidai tsakanin 10 -11 digiri muddin zance yana tsakanin mita 10,000 sama ko 5,000 mita kasa da ellipsoid.
Ana iya bayyana jirgin saman tangal na gida dangane da matakan tsaye da kwance. Haɗin tsaye yana iya nunawa ko sama ko ƙasa. Akwai tarurruka iri biyu don hotunan:
A cikin yawancin aikace-aikacen nema da bin diddigin tsarin daidaitaccen tsarin ENU Cartesian ya fi hankali da amfani fiye da ECEF ko haɗin gwiwar ƙasa. A gida ENU tsarawa an kafa daga wani jirgin saman tangent ga Duniya ta surface gyarawa zuwa wani takamaiman wuri kuma inganta shi ne, wani lokacin sani a matsayin mai gida tangent ko gida geodetic jirgin sama. Ta hanyar taron an sanya alamar gabas x, arewa y da kuma sama z.
A cikin jirgin sama, yawancin abubuwan sha'awa suna ƙasa da jirgin sama, saboda haka yana da kyau a ayyana a matsayin lamba mai kyau. Nungiyoyin NED sun ba da izinin wannan azaman madadin ENU. Ta hanyar yarjejeniya, ana yiwa arewa alama x', gabas y' da kasa z'. Don kaucewa rikicewa tsakanin x kuma x', da dai sauransu a cikin wannan labarin za mu ƙayyade tsarin haɗin gida zuwa ENU.
Cédric Bakambu
Cédric Bakambu (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991 a ƙasar Faransa) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango. Ya buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango daga shekara ta 2015.
Salaheddine Bassir
Salaheddine Bassir (صلاح الدين بصير) (an haife shi 5 Satumban shekarar 1972) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Maroko.
Wasanni
Ya taka leda a wasu 'yan kungiyoyi, ciki har da Raja Casablanca, Al-Hilal (Saudi Arabia) da Deportivo La Coruña a Spain. Sannan ya taka leda a OSC Lille (Faransa) da Aris Thessaloniki (Girka). Ya yi ritaya a ƙarshen kakar shekarar 2005.
Yayinda yake a Lille Bassir bai zira kwallo a raga ba a gasar amma ya ci kwallo sau daya a kan Olympiacos a UEFA Champions League da kuma daya da Borussia Dortmund a gasar cin kofin UEFA.
Algernon Willoughby Osborne
Algernon Willoughby Osborne (ya rasu a shekara ta 1915) wani jami'in shari'a ne na Biritaniya wanda ya kasance babban mai shari'a na yankin Gold Coast kuma Alkalin Alkalan Kudancin Najeriya daga shekara ta 1908-1913.
Osborne ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Oxford, inda ya kammala karatun digirinsa a 1886 kuma ya sami ilimin digiri ta 2 a shekarar 1892, kuma an kira shi mashaya a 1902. Ya shiga aikin mulkin mallaka c.1896 ya zama lauya a cikin Gold Coast. A cikin 1901, an nada shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Gwamna. A 1908, ya koma Legas ya zama sabon Alkalin Alkalan Kudancin Najeriya. Shahararriyar shari'arsa shine Messrs John Holt vs gwamnatin mulkin mallaka. Ya bar aikin mulkin mallaka a shekara ta 1914. Ko da yake a hukumance, an nuna cewa kowane jami’i zai kasance dan luwadi ne sakamakon hadewar yankin Kudancin Najeriya da Arewacin Najeriya ya yi, Osborne bai yi matukar farin ciki ba saboda sai da Edwin Speed wanda ya fi kwarewa a maye gurbinsa da shi a matsayin Alkalin Alkalai. mulkin mallaka.
Ya mutu a shekarar 1915.
Dino Visser
Dino Ben Visser (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Yulin, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da tara 1989), ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar National League North ta Hereford.
Ya fara aikinsa da Platinum Stars a ƙasarsa ta haihuwa Afrika ta Kudu, inda ya fara buga gasar Premier a watan Maris na shekarar 2011. An yi la'akari da Visser a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasa masu sa ido daga Afirka ta Kudu na ɗan lokaci. Visser ya taka leda a Bloemfontein Celtic, Black Leopards da Polokwane City kuma ya sami lambar yabo lokacin da Bloemfontein Celtic ya lashe Telkom Knockout na shekarar 2012. Ya kasance mai tsaron gida na farko na yau da kullum a Santos a lokacin kakar shekarar 2016-2017. Duk da wannan, kulob ɗin da aka relegated daga National First Division. Ya koma saman-flight tare da tsohon kulob ɗin Platinum Stars na gaba kakar a matsayin na yau da kullum na farkon-zaɓi Goalkeeper kuma ya kasance kamar yadda irin wannan lokacin da Platinum Stars da aka sayar da kuma sake masa suna zuwa Cape Umoya United.
A cikin watan Yunin 2019, Visser ya yanke shawarar komawa Ingila kuma a ƙarshe ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ɗan gajeren lokaci a Exeter City. Bayan ƙarewar kwantiraginsa ya bar ƙungiyar a maimakon haka ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar gajeriyar lokaci da Crewe Alexandra a watan Maris ɗin 2020. Ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da Port Vale watanni biyar bayan haka, amma ya bar ƙungiyar bayan ya shafe rabin na biyu na kakar shekarar 2020-2021 yana jin rauni. Ya sanya hannu tare da Hereford a cikin watan Satumbar 2022.
Afirka ta Kudu
Visser ya fara aikinsa tare da Platinum Stars, inda babban kocin Steve Komphela ya bayyana shi da abokinsa Allan Thomas a matsayin "masu tsaron gida masu kyau, masu tasowa masu tasowa". A cikin shekarar 2010, Visser ya buga wa Platinum Stars a wasan sada zumunci da Ingila, a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen su don gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar 2010. Visser ya fara buga wasansa na farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Owen Da Gama a ranar 5 ga Maris ɗin 2011, yana mai tsafta da kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da SuperSport United a filin wasa na Royal Bafokeng a gasar Premier League., tare da mai kula da yau da kullum Tapuwa Kapini dakatar. Wannan zai zama kawai bayyanarsa ga "Dikwena" duk da haka saboda ya ki sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya ta shekaru uku da kulob ɗin kuma a maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya zama wakili na kyauta a lokacin rani. Ya koma Bloemfontein Celtic kuma ya kasance wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan ƙarshe na Telkom Knockout na shekarar 2012, yayin da Celtic ta doke Mamelodi Sundowns da ci 3-0 a filin wasa na Moses Mabhida.
An ba da shi aro ga Black Leopards na National First Division na kakar 2013–2014. Ya buga wasanni 16 don taimakawa Kosta Papić 's "Lidoda Duvha" don yin rikodin kammala matsayi na biyu, kodayake sun rasa haɓaka yayin da suka ci gaba da shan kashi a hannun Polokwane City a cikin wasannin motsa jiki; Visser ya shiga wasan ne a minti na 31 wanda ya maye gurbin Jacob Mokhasi, inda Leopards tuni suka zura ƙwallaye biyu a raga, kuma ƙwazon da ya yi sun makara wajen murza wasan. Daga nan Visser ya sanya hannu tare da Polokwane City kuma ya fara a matsayin zaɓi na farko a cikin shirin kocin Boebie Solomons na kakar shekarar 2014-2015 yayin da ɗan wasan Botswana Modiri Marumo ke jiran izinin aiki. Ya buga wa kulob ɗin wasanni 11 ne kawai bayan ya samu sabani da tsarin mallakar kulob ɗin, wanda ya fito ya musanta jita-jitar cewa an sake shi a tsakiyar kakar wasa ta shekarar 2015-2016.
Numan (Nijeriya)
Numan Karamar Hukuma ce dake a Jihar Adamawa, arewa maso gabashin Nijeriya.
Agnes Allafi
Agnes Allafi (an haife tane a ranar 21 ga watan Janairun, shekarar 1959) ɗan siyasan ƙasar Chadi ne kuma masanin halayyar ɗan adam. A lokacin da take siyasa, Allafi ya kasance Ministar kula da jin dadin jama'a sau biyu tsakanin karshen shekarun 1990 zuwa farkon shekarar 2000s.
Bayan Fage
Mahaifin Allafi ya kasance hafsa ne a sojojin François Tombalbaye har zuwa 1975, kuma an kashe shi ne bisa umarnin Hissène Habré lokacin da Habré ya karbe ikon N'Djamena a watan Oktoba 1982. Jim kaɗan bayan Habré ya karɓi mulki, secretan sandar ɓoye na Habre suka kashe mijinta Allafi. Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Allafi ya gudu zuwa Kamaru tare da iyalinta.
Ilimi
A shekarar 1980, Allafi ta sami digiri na farko a Bongor. Bayan kammala karatu, Allafi ya zama malami daga 1981 zuwa 1982. Bayan ya koma kasar Benin a shekarar 1985, Allafi ya samu digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin zamantakewar dan adam daga jami’ar kasa ta Benin. Takardar karatun nata game da aiki da doka ne na 124 na kundin tsarin mulkin Benin, wanda ya tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin mata da maza.
Siyasa
Allafi ya koma Chadi bayan ƙarshen mulkin Habré a 1990 kuma ya shiga Majalisar Rikon kwarya ta Jamhuriya, yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Kiwan Lafiya. Ta kuma zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin mata na farko a cikin jam'iyyar Patriotic Salvation Movement. Daga nan Allafi ya shiga Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a 1992 kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa ma'aikacin gwamnati a farkon 2000s.
Hakkokin mata
Allafi ta goyi bayan yancin mata, kuma a shekarar 1995 ta zama shugabar wakilan Chadi a taron mata na duniya na Beijing. Daga watan Janairun 1998 zuwa Disamba 1999 da daga Yunin 2002 zuwa Yuni 2003, ta kasance Ministar Social Services. Allafi ya kuma shirya taron matan kasar Chadi a shekarar 1999, ya kirkiro kungiyar mata a majalisar dokokin kasar ta Chadi, sannan ya samar da majalissar izgili ga matasa.
Megan Rapinoe
Megan Anna Rapinoe (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli a shekarar, 1985) takasance ƙwararriyar yar'wasan ƙwallon ƙafana kasar Amurka ce, wacce ke buga rukunin tsakiya/gefe wacce ke wasa da jagorancin yan'wasan kungiyan kungiyan kulub din Reign FC a National Women's Soccer League. Amatsayin ta na yar'wasan Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafan Tarayyar Amurka ta mata ta taimaki kasar wajen lashe gasar kofin duniya na mata2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, da 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, da 2012 London Olympics, sannan suka zama nabiyu a 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. Run a 2018, tare da Carli Lloyd da Alex Morgan suke riƙe shugabancin yan'wasan ƙungiyar. Megan Rapinoe tasamu tallafi daga Nike, Samsung da DJO Global, kuma ta fito sau dayawa acikin tallace tallacen kamfanin ƙananan kayayyaki Wildfang, da kuma Nike. Ta taba buga wasa a Chicago Red Stars, Philadelphia Independence da magicJack a Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) da kuma Olympique Lyonnais a gasar Division 1 Féminine na ƙasar Faransa.
Baitul Futuh Mosque
Masallacin Baitul Futuh (Hausa:Gidan Nasara ) ana da'awar shine masallaci mafi girma a Turai. Dangane da wasu ƙididdiga shi ne na biyu mafi girma bayan Masallacin Rome. Yana da faɗin 5.2 acre, haɗaɗɗen masallacin na iya daukar masallata har 10,000. An gina shi a 2003 a kan kusan £ 5.5 miliyan tare da kuɗin da Ƙungiyar Musulman Ahmadiyya ta bayar. Tana cikin yankin Morden na London, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Kudu Morden da 150 yadudduka daga Morden Karkashin Kasa.
Naɗin sarauta
Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad ce ta sanya dutsen kafuwar a ranar 19 ga Oktoban 1999, a wani biki da baƙi 2000 suka halarta, kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Musulman Ahmadiyya na yanzu, Sayyidina Mirza Masroor Ahmad ya buɗe, a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2003. Mirza Masroor Ahmad ya kasance a Masallacin Fazl amma yana gabatar da Khutbah na mako-mako (khudubar Juma'a) daga Baitul Futuh. Bikin budewar ya samu halartar sama da baki 600 kamar Manyan Kwamishinoni, Mataimakin Kwamishinoni, Wakilan Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, 'Yan Majalisa, Masu Unguwannin gundumomin Landan, kansiloli, malaman jami'a, da wakilan ƙasashe 17.
Ayyuka ga Al'umma
Ana gudanar da abubuwa da yawa a Masallacin Baitul Futuh don yi wa musulmai da kuma sauran al'umma hidima. Baya ga addu'oi na yau da kullun, ayyukanta sun haɗa da Taro na Zaman Lafiya na shekara-shekara, yawon shakatawa na makaranta, sauran al'amuran al'ummomin gida, da kuma 'Taron Annawancin Matasa na ƙungiyar Matta', ke karɓar Cikakken Shirin Jeevan Duk Wani Tambaya?, kuma an haɗa shi cikin Suman.
Masallacin Baitul Futuh ya zama cibiyar 'yakin aminci,' yanci da zaman lafiya ', wanda ke kokarin ciyar da addinin musulunci a matsayin addini na zaman lafiya, da kuma inganta haɗewar musulmai da wadanda ba musulmai ba.
Taron Taron Zaman Lafiya na 2010 ya zaɓi wurin don bayar da lambar yabo ta Aminci ta Ahmadiyya ta farko ga Lord Eric Avebury. Kyautar ita ce ta bayar da gudummawar rayuwa har zuwa dalilin 'Yancin Dan Adam.
Masallacin na karybar sama da maziyarta 10,000 a shekara daga makarantu, ƙungiyoyin addinai, ƙungiyoyin ba da taimakon jama'a, ƙungiyoyin agaji, karamar hukuma da ta tsakiya, da sauran ƙungiyoyi.
Shirin kona Alkur'ani da Cibiyar Bayar da Gudun Hijira ta Duniya ta Dove kan ranar 9 ga hare -haren 9/11 ya yi Allah wadai sosai a masallacin Baitul Futuh da 'yan siyasa da shugabannin addini da dama, irin su Fleur Sandringham (Yahudanci) da Rev. Andrew Wakefield.
Fatima Batul Mukhtar
Fatima Batul Mukhtar wata malama ce a Najeriya, wacce farfesa ce a fannin Botany. Bincike-binciken nata ya ta'allaka ne kan "tsarin bunkasuwa, kimiyyar halittu, fasahar ƙere-kere da kuma kiyaye tsirrai". A shekarar 2016, Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya nada ta Mataimakiyar Shugaban Jami’ar Tarayya ta Dutse.
Farkon rayuwa da Ilimi
An haifi Fatima acikin garin Kano a shekara ta 1963. Ta yi makarantar firamare ta Shahuchi da kuma makarantar firamare ta ka mata ta karatun firamare, sannan ta wuce kwalejin kwana lejin 'Yan Mata ta Gwamnati, da ke Dala a garin Kano domin karatun sakandaren ta. A shekarar ta 1984, ta samu digiri a fannin ilimin tsirrai a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello. A shekar ta 1994, ta samu digirinta na biyu a Jami’ar Bayero. Ta kammala digirinta na uku a shekara ta 2005, wacce ta ƙware a fannin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi daga wannan jami'ar. A shekara ta 2012, ta shiga kwasa-kwasan ilimin kimiyyar kere-kere a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan. Tana daya daga cikin wadanda suka assasa masu kula da harkokin ilimi a jami'ar Northwest University Kano, kuma ta sance shugabar makarantar kimiyya ta farko a jami'ar. A shekarar 2015, ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar makarantar. A shekara ta 2016, an nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban jami'ar Tarayya ta Dutse.
Zane na ciki
Zane na cikin gida shine fasaha da kimiyya na haɓaka ciki na gini don cimma yanayi mafi koshin lafiya da ƙayatarwa ga mutanen da ke amfani da sararin samaniya. Mai zanen ciki shine wanda ke tsarawa, bincike, daidaitawa, da sarrafa irin waɗannan ayyukan haɓakawa. Ƙirar cikin gida sana'a ce mai ban sha'awa da ta haɗa da haɓaka ra'ayi, tsara sararin samaniya, duban wurare, shirye-shirye, bincike, sadarwa tare da masu ruwa da tsaki na aikin, sarrafa gine-gine, da aiwatar da zane.
Masu ƙira za su iya tsara ƙarewa, launi, girman, siffar, adadin kwararan fitila da ƙari mai yawa. Kuma ko da juya ra'ayoyin ku zuwa gaskiya kuma su ƙirƙira ku ainihin haske daga karce.
= Tarihi da sharuddan halin yanzu = A da, an haɗa abubuwan ciki tare da ilhami a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin gini.
Sana'ar ƙirar cikin gida ta kasance sakamakon ci gaban al'umma da kuma hadaddun gine-ginen da suka haifar da haɓaka hanyoyin masana'antu.
Neman ingantaccen amfani da sararin samaniya, jin daɗin mai amfani da ƙirar aiki ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban sana'ar ƙirar ciki ta zamani. Sana'ar ƙirar cikin gida ta bambanta kuma ta bambanta da aikin kayan ado na ciki, kalmar da aka saba amfani da ita a Amurka; Kalmar ba ta da yawa a cikin Burtaniya, inda har yanzu sana'ar ƙirar cikin gida ba ta da ka'ida kuma saboda haka, a zahiri, ba a matsayin wata sana'a ba tukuna.
A tsohuwar Indiya, masu gine-ginen kuma za su yi aiki a matsayin masu zanen ciki. Ana iya ganin wannan daga nassoshi na Vishwakarma masanin gine-gine-daya daga cikin alloli a tatsuniyar Indiya. A cikin wadannan gine-ginen gine-ginen gidajen Indiya na karni na 17, ana ganin hotunan sassaka da ke nuna tsoffin litattafai da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin gidajen sarauta, yayin da a zamanin da, zane-zanen bangon bango ya kasance wani abu na yau da kullum na gidajen sarauta a Indiya wanda aka fi sani da halis. Yayin da aka rushe yawancin gidajen gargajiya don yin hanyar zuwa gine-gine na zamani, har yanzu akwai kusan 2000 halis a cikin yankin Shekhawati na Rajashtan waɗanda ke nuna zane-zanen bango.
A ƙasar Masar ta dā, an sanya “gidaje masu rai” (ko misalin gidaje) a cikin kaburbura a matsayin ma’auni na hadayun abinci. Daga waɗannan, yana yiwuwa a gane cikakkun bayanai game da ƙirar ciki na gidaje daban-daban a ko'ina cikin daular Masar daban-daban, kamar canje-canje a cikin samun iska, ɗakunan ajiya, ginshiƙai, loggias, tagogi, da ƙofofi.
Zanen bangon ciki ya wanzu na aƙalla shekaru 5,000, tare da misalan da aka samo har zuwa arewacin Ness na Brodgar, kamar yadda aka tsara abubuwan ciki, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin haɗin Skara Brae. Helenawa ne, kuma daga baya Romawa waɗanda suka ƙara haɗin gwiwa, benaye na mosaics na ado, da gidajen wanka da aka tsara, shaguna, ofisoshin farar hula, Castra (garu) da haikali, ciki, a cikin ƙarni na farko BC. Tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun da aka sadaukar don samar da kayan ado na ciki, da kayan daki, a cikin gine-ginen da aka gina su zuwa sifofin da masu gine-ginen Romawa suka ayyana, kamar Vitruvius: De architectura, libri decem (Littattafai Goma akan Gine-gine).
A cikin karni na 17 da 18 har zuwa farkon karni na 19, kayan ado na ciki shine damuwa na mai gida, ko mai aiki ko mai sana'a wanda zai ba da shawara game da salon fasaha don sararin ciki. Masu gine-ginen kuma za su yi amfani da masu sana'a ko masu sana'a don kammala ƙirar ciki don gine-ginensu.
= Masu ado na ciki da masu zanen ciki = Zane na cikin gida shine fasaha da kimiyya na fahimtar halayen mutane don ƙirƙirar wurare masu aiki, waɗanda ke da daɗi, a cikin gini. Ado ita ce keɓancewa ko ƙawata sararin samaniya tare da abubuwan ado, wani lokaci ana haɗa su da nasiha da taimako mai amfani. A takaice, masu zanen ciki na iya yin ado, amma masu ado ba su tsarawa ba.
Mai zanen cikin gida
Mai zanen cikin gida yana nuna cewa akwai ƙarin fifiko akan tsarawa, ƙirar aiki da ingantaccen amfani da sarari, idan aka kwatanta da kayan ado na ciki. Mai zanen ciki a cikin ƙirar layi mai kyau zai iya aiwatar da ayyukan da suka haɗa da tsara ainihin shimfidar wurare a cikin ginin da kuma ayyukan da ke buƙatar fahimtar batutuwan fasaha kamar sanya taga da kofa, acoustics, da haske. Kodayake mai zanen cikin gida na iya ƙirƙirar shimfidar wuri, ƙila ba za su canza bangon da ke ɗaukar kaya ba tare da sanya hatimin ƙirar su don amincewa daga injiniyan tsarin ba. Masu zanen cikin gida sukan yi aiki kai tsaye tare da masu gine-gine, injiniyoyi da ƴan kwangila.
Dole ne masu zanen cikin gida su kasance ƙwararrun ƙwararru don ƙirƙirar mahalli na cikin gida waɗanda ke aiki, aminci, da bin ƙa'idodin gini, ƙa'idodi da buƙatun ADA. Sun wuce zaɓin palette mai launi da kayan aiki kuma suna amfani da ilimin su don haɓaka takaddun gini, nauyin zama, ka'idodin kiwon lafiya da ka'idodin ƙira mai dorewa, da kuma gudanarwa da daidaita ayyukan ƙwararru ciki har da injiniyoyi, lantarki, famfo, da rayuwa. aminci — duk don tabbatar da cewa mutane za su iya rayuwa, koyo ko aiki a cikin wani yanayi marar lahani wanda kuma yana da daɗi.
Wani yana iya son ya ƙware da haɓaka ilimin fasaha na musamman ga yanki ɗaya ko nau'in ƙirar ciki, kamar ƙirar zama, ƙirar kasuwanci, ƙirar baƙi, ƙirar lafiya, ƙirar duniya, ƙirar nuni, ƙirar kayan daki, da alamar sararin samaniya. Zane na cikin gida wata sana'a ce mai ƙirƙira wacce ke da ɗan sabon salo, koyaushe tana haɓakawa, kuma galibi tana damun jama'a. Ba aikin fasaha ba ne kuma yana dogara ne akan bincike daga fagage da yawa don samar da ingantaccen fahimtar yadda mutane ke shafar muhallinsu.
Launi a cikin ƙirar ciki
Launi shine kayan aikin ƙira mai ƙarfi a cikin kayan ado, da kuma cikin ƙirar ciki, wanda shine fasahar haɗawa da daidaita launuka tare don ƙirƙirar tsari mai salo akan gine-ginen cikin sararin samaniya.
Yana da mahimmanci ga masu zane-zane na ciki don samun kwarewa mai zurfi tare da launuka, fahimtar tasirin tunanin su, da fahimtar ma'anar kowane launi a wurare daban-daban da yanayi don ƙirƙirar haɗuwa masu dacewa ga kowane wuri.
Haɗa launuka tare zai iya haifar da haifar da yanayin tunani kamar yadda mai kallo ya gani, kuma yana iya haifar da sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau a kansu. Launuka suna sa ɗakin ya ji ko dai ya fi natsuwa, farin ciki, jin daɗi, damuwa, ko ban mamaki. Haɗin launi suna sa ƙaramin ɗaki yayi girma ko ƙarami. Don haka yana da sana'ar ƙirar cikin gida don zaɓar launuka masu dacewa don wuri don cimma yadda abokan ciniki za su so su kalli, kuma su ji, wannan sarari.
Beko Ransome-Kuti
Dakta Bekolari Ransome-Kuti (2 ga Agusta 1940– 10 ga Fabrairu 2006) ya kasance likita ne ɗan Nijeriya da aka sani da aikinsa na mai rajin kare hakkin ɗan Adam.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Ransome-Kuti a garin Abeokuta, Najeriya. Mahaifiyarsa Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti ta yi adawa da harajin mata na ba gaira ba dalili daga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Ta taimaka wajen tattauna batun samun 'yancin Najeriya daga Birtaniyya kuma an ce ita ce' yar Najeriya ta farko da ta fara tuka mota. Mahaifinsa Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti firist ne na darikar Anglican kuma ya kafa kungiyar malamai ta Najeriya. Daya daga cikin dan uwansa, Fela Kuti, mawaki ne kuma dan gwagwarmaya wanda ya kafa Afrobeat ; wani, Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, shi ma likita ne kuma mai gwagwarmayar kanjamau. Beko dansa, Enitan, babban hafsan Sojan Najeriya ne wanda ya taba zama Kwamandan rundunar hadin gwiwa ta kasashe daban-daban.
Ransome-Kuti ya halarci Makarantar Grammar ta Abeokuta, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Coventry, da Jami'ar Manchester, inda ya zama likita.
Ayyuka da gwagwarmaya
Ransome-Kuti ya dawo gida Najeriya a shekarar 1963 bayan ya samu digiri. Abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta 1977 sun shafe shi ƙwarai lokacin da sojoji a ƙarƙashin umarnin gwamnatin soja ta TY DANJUMA suka afkawa gidan wasan dare na ɗan'uwansa Fela Kuti, suka lalata asibitin kula da lafiyarsa suka kashe mahaifiyarsa. Ya zama shugaban kungiyar likitocin Najeriya reshen Legas da mataimakinta na kasa, yana yakin neman karancin magunguna a asibitoci.
A shekarar 1984,gwamnatin Janar Muhammadu Buhari ta kame Fela tare da yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 10 a kurkuku. Ransome-Kuti shi ma an daure shi, kuma an dakatar da kungiyar likitocinsa. An sake shi a shekarar 1985 lokacin da Janar Ibrahim Babangida ya tumbuke Buhari; Daga nan sai Babangida ya gayyace shi ya shiga gwamnati.
Ransome-Kuti ya taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta farko a Najeriya, kamfen din dimokiradiyya, wacce a shekarar 1993 ta yi adawa da mulkin kama-karya na Janar Sani Abacha. A shekarar 1995, wata kotun soji ta yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai saboda ya gabatar da karar cin mutuncin Olusegun Obasanjo ga duniya. Amnesty International ta karbe shi a matsayin fursinonin lamiri kuma sun sake shi a 1998 bayan mutuwar Sani Abacha.
Ransome-Kuti ya kasance dan uwan kwalejin likitocin da likitocin Afirka ta Yamma, wani jigo a kwamitin kare hakkin dan Adam na kungiyar kasashen Burtaniya, shugaban kwamitin kare hakkin dan Adam kuma babban darakta na Cibiyar Kula da Tsarin Mulki.
Mutuwa da gado
Ransome-Kuti ya mutu ne sanadiyyar cutar kansa ta sankara a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2006, tana da shekara 65, da misalin 11:20 na dare a Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Legas, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Najeriya. Gwamnatin jihar ta karrama shi da mutum-mutumi a shekarar 2010.
Allen Onyema
Allen Ifechukwu Onyema CON (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964) lauya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Najeriya. Shi ne babban jami'in gudanarwa na Air Peace, wanda ya kafa a shekarar 2013.
Ƙuruciya
An haife shi a watan Maris 1964 a garin Benin Mahaifinsa shine Michael da mahaifiyar sa Helen Onyema a matsayin ɗan su na fari a cikin yara tara da suka haifa. Ya fito ne daga jihar Anambra, Najeriya.
Ilimi
Allen ya karanci shari'a a jami'ar Ibadan kuma ya kammala a shekarar 1987. Ya halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya kuma Bar ta kira shi a shekarar 1989. Ya halarci Makarantu da dama da suka hada da Kwalejin Gwamnati, Ughelli, Jihar Delta. Ya bar Kwalejin Gwamnati a shekarar 1984 bayan ya samu takardar shedar Sakandare, kuma an ba shi damar karanta shari’a kai tsaye a Jami’ar Firimiya ta Najeriya, Jami’ar Ibadan a wannan shekarar. A Jami’ar Ibadan ne ya nemi zaman lafiya ya sa ya jagoranci wasu dalibai tara zuwa tsohon birnin Zariya domin kwantar da tarzomar addini da kabilanci da ta yi sanadiyar rayuka. Sakamakon tallata shi da abokan aikinsa bayan komawar su harabar su, sha’awarsu ta karu wanda hakan ya sa aka kafa wata kungiya da aka fi sani da ‘Eminent Friends’ Group’ – kungiyar da aka kafa da manufar inganta kabilu a tsakanin al’ummar Najeriya daban-daban kabilanci da yaki da tashe-tashen hankula na kowane nau'i. Bayan kammala karatunsa a jami'a a shekarar 1987, ya kafa rassa na kungiyar a dukkan jihohin tarayyar kasar nan. Yayin da yake makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Najeriya a shekarar 1987, ya hada karatunsa da fafutuka da ke damun jama'a  kan samar da zaman lafiya a Nijeriya.
Laifi
A shekarar 2019, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta fitar da wata tuhuma a kan Allen Onyema, bisa dalilan halatta kudaden haram da kuma zamba a banki. Ana zargin Onyema da karya wasu takardu da aka yi amfani da su wajen siyan jiragen sama na Air Peace da kuma yin amfani da kudaden wajen siyan motoci na alfarma da manyan siyayya. Onyema ya musanta wadannan zarge-zargen.
Tun daga watan Mayu 2022, an saita shari'ar wanda ake zargi da haɗa baki a cikin watan Agusta 2022.
Jack Baldwin
Jack Baldwin (an haife shi a shekara ta 1993) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Usain bolt
Usain Bolt (An haifeshi ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1986) ya kasance fitaccen ɗan wasan gudu ne na kasar Jamaika.
Farkon rayuwa
An haifa Usain Bolt a kasar jamaika, ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1986.
Manazarta
1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lawrence, Hubert; Samuels, Garfield (20 August 2007). "Focus on Jamaica – Usain Bolt". Focus on Athletes.
International Association of Athletics Federations.
Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
3. ^ "Usain BOLT". usainbolt.com. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
4. ^ Thomas, Claire (25 July 2016). "Glen Mills: the man behind Usain Bolt's record-shattering career". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
6. ^ Clark, Nate (2 February 2019). "Usain Bolt having fun at Super Bowl, 'ties' NFL Combine 40-yard dash record". NBC. Retrieved 2 February 2019.