cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Maryam Booth
Maryam Ado Muhammad (An haifeta a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casa'in da uku1993A.c) Miladiyya. Jaruma ce a masana'antar fina-finan Hausa ta Kannywood.
Farkon rayuwa da Karatu
An haife ta a garin Kano. Yawancin iyalan gidansu ƴan fim ne. Mahaifiyar ta Zainab Booth fitacciyar jaruma ce a masana'antar Kannywood. Haka ma yayan ta Ahmad Booth shi ma  jarumi ne na fim ɗin Hausa. Maryam ta yi makarantar Ebony Nursery, a karatu na matakin farko. Sannan kuma ta yi karatun ta na sakandare a Ahmadiyya secondary school wadda ke a unguwar Briget a birnin Kano. Tun Maryam tana ƴar shekara 8 ta fara harkar fim lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta gabatar da ita ga masana'antar Kannywood.
Baya ga harkar fim kuma, Maryam na da kamfanin kayan kwalliya na ta mai suna MBooth Beauty Parlour.
Rayuwa a Matsayin Jaruma
Maryam Booth ta koma farkon aiki a shekara ta 2003, a shiga wani fim mai suna "Dijangala," a lokacin da ita ta yi ƙwarewa a shekara ta 10. Duk da cewa iliminta da ƙwarewar ta ake samu rayuwa da ya sauke daban-daban cikin fina-finan. Amma lokacin da ya fito a matsayin mafi girma, shine bayanin sa a shirin "In da So da Kauna" a shekarar 2007. Kallon sa na Aisha, wanda shi ne mataimakin coci mai dauke da manyan masu tsayawa, ya koma a kan gaba da karya ta gaskiya da ya yi kiran ciwo daga masu kallon fina-finan da kallon sa ya dace.
Shirin sauye-sauyen ayyukan da ya yi daidai a cikin fim din Hausa shine mafi yawan aikinsa. Ya nuna mai kyau don ajiye yawan adabi bisa wani abu, wanda ya nuna baki wajan kai a cikin fina-finan da kallon masu sanin ta. Daga fina-finan da yake yi da tsinin murna na kudin jirgin sama kamar "Sarauniya" zuwa fina-finan mai rayuwa da tsinke kamar "Gani ga Wane," shiryawan Maryam za su dace a bayanin masu jin yin sauti a wurin kuma ainihin sauti. Kuma, sakamakon iliminta a fim din Kannywood, Maryam Booth ta samu mafi kyawun amsa da su a Nollywood, shirin fina-finan dake cikin duniya ta kallon da ke Najeriya. Kallon sa a masana'antar shirya fina-finan kamar "Hakkunde" da "The Milkmaid" suka samu duba kuma sun nuna samun nuna koyarwar maishin fina-finan cikin Najeriya da kuma sashen da ya sauya ta. Fina-finai masu kyau a lokacin da ta samu kallon cin zarafi kuma ta fi so ya sauye daya daga cikin abubuwan da suke da sauki a fina-finan Najeriya. Dangane da sauti da koyarwarwa da ya yi Maryam Booth, an samu ayyukan da ya wucewa, saboda amsar ilimi da shiryar sa. A shekara ta 2016, ta samu girma a cikin kwanaki mai yawan gasar kyautar Arewacin Najeriya, inda ta fito daga masu cin zarafi. Fina-finan da ya koyarwa suka soke ma'ana da kuma wannan ba wani alamar da Maryam Booth ta yi a zamanin fina-finai tare da ayyuka masu zuwa, kuma tayi kwanaki na sha'awar sa da masu zuwa a shirin fina-finai. Sauran tallafin Maryam Booth na cikin fina-finan Hausa sun mayar da karin bada ilimi, suka yadda shi a cikin ayyuka masu zuwa, da shiryawar masu jin yin sauti suka samu sakamakon dubu ɗaya. Daga kasar kuma ayyukan wanda ake cikin fina-finai kamar "The Milkmaid," wanda ya tabbatar da masu yawa a kan yanayin boko da dama a rayuwarsa, yana nuna da kayan aiki da iliminta a samun ilimi da abubuwa masu mafi tsayawa a kasar Najeriya. Ayyukan sa sun tabbatar da kawun cikin kudin fina-finan da suke da kyawon da ke a lokacin da suke so su ce ayyukan na hauka kuma su sauya tsakanin jama'a.
Rudani
Masana'antar Kannywood ta shiga rudani bayan bayyanar wani faifan bidiyo na tsiraici na Maryam Booth a shafukan Sada Zumunta.
Volgograd
Volgograd wanda da ake kira Tsaritsyn (1589-1925) da Stalingrad (1925-1961) birni ne na masana’antu da ke da mahimmancin gaske kuma cibiyar gudanarwa ce ta Volgograd Oblast, Russia. Yana da 80 kilomita arewa zuwa kudu, a gaɓar yamma da kogin Volga kuma tana da yawan mutane sama da milyon 1.011. Garin ya shahara sosai saboda juriya da jaruntaka yayin yakin Stalingrad wanda ke faruwa yayin Yaƙin Duniya na II.
Tarihi
Volgograd raya daga 1589 a lokacin da sansanin soja na Tsaritsyn da aka kafa a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Tsaritsa da Volga Rivers. A lokacin yakin basasar Rasha garin ya kasance inda aka gwabza ƙazamin faɗa. Sojojin Bolshevik sun mamaye shi a lokacin 1918, amma sojojin White sun kai hari. An sake canza shi suna zuwa Stalingrad a cikin 1925.
A ƙarƙashin Stalin, garin ya zama mai masana'antu sosai a matsayin cibiyar masana'antar mai nauyi da jigilar kayayyaki ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa da kogi. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, Stalingrad ya zama cibiyar Yakin Stalingrad tare da zama wani juyi a yaƙin da ake yi da Jamus. Ainihi, an bincika fitinar Jamusawa a Stalingrad. Yakin Stalingrad ya kasance daga 21 ga watan Agusta, 1942 zuwa 2 ga Fabrairu, 1943, inda aka kashe Axis da sojojin Soviet miliyan 1.7 zuwa miliyan 2, suka ji rauni ko aka kama, ban da fararen hula sama da 40,000 da aka kashe. Garin ya zama kufai a yayin kazamin fada, amma sake ginawa ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kori Jamusawa daga garin.
Nikita Khrushchev ya sake suna garin a shekarar 1961.
Tagwayen Birane
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2008, Volgograd tana da birane mata 21:
Yawancin al'ummomi a Faransa da Italiya suna da tituna ko hanyoyin da aka laƙabawa sunan Stalingrad, saboda haka Place de Stalingrad a cikin Paris da kuma tashar Paris Métro ta Stalingrad.
University of Benin Teaching Hospital
Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Benin (UBTH) babban mai ba da sabis ne na kiwon lafiya na musamman a Yammacin Afirka. Asibitin yana Ugbowo, Benin City kuma an kafa shi ne a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1973 bayan zartar da dokar (lamba 12) na dokar lafiya ta Najeriya.
A matsayinta na shida na asibitocin koyarwa na ƙarni na 1 a Najeriya, an kafa shi ne don ƙara haɓaka makarantar 'yar uwarta, Jami'ar Benin, da kuma samar da kulawar sakandare da sakandare ga yankin tsakiyar yamma (yanzu Edo da Delta State ) da kewayenta. . Har ila yau, yana ba da wuraren da suka wajaba don horar da manyan ma'aikata da matsakaitan ma'aikata don masana'antar kiwon lafiya da kuma jagorancin damar bincike ga malamai a Jami'ar da sauran masu sha'awar masu fama da matsalolin tattalin arziki a matsayin tambayoyin bincike.
Ta Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Ogbona da Udo, da kuma Babban asibitin da ya fara aiki daga baya, UBTH tana ba da wasu hanyoyin kula da lafiya na farko ga al'ummomin kusa. Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Benin yana ba da horon horo ga ƙwararrun likitocin daga fannonin kiwon lafiya daban-daban kamar su Magunguna, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Ophthalmology, Masanin Kimiyyar Lafiyar Lafiya, Nursing, Radiographers, Dentistry, Nutrition and Dietetics tsakanin sauran sana'o'i Kowane sashe na dakin tuntubar Asibitin yana da nasa Pharmacy, kusa da dakin tuntuba. Wadannan Magungunan suna da nasu sana'a irin su Inpatient-Medical Pharmacy, Tiyata da Ido Pharmacy, Renal Pharmacy, Intensive Care Unit Pharmacy, Accident and Emergency Pharmacy, Magungunan Ciwon ciki da Gynecology Pharmacy, General Practice Pharmacy da sauransu.
Tarihi
Tun a shekarar 1969 aka fara gudanar da aikin asibitin koyarwa na jami'ar Benin tare da Kanar Samuel O. Ogbemudia, gwamnan jihar Midwest ta Najeriya a lokacin kuma Farfesa. Tiamiyu Belo-Osagie. Sha'awar kafa cibiyar kiwon lafiya da ta dace a yankin tsakiyar yammacin Najeriya ya biyo bayan kai ziyarar sirri zuwa Asibitin Maternity na Island, Legas da Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas. Bayanai sun nuna cewa da gaske Gwamnan ya gamsu da kayan aikin wadannan asibitoci bayan ziyarar.
Bayan 'yan watanni, an kafa Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Midwestern tare da Farfesa. H. Oritsejolomi Thomas a matsayin shugaba. Sauran mambobin kwamitin sun hada da Prof. Tiamiyu Belo-Osagie, Prof. Alex Eyimofo Boyo da Mista OI Afe wanda shine sakataren gwamnatin soji ta tsakiyar yamma kuma shugaban ma'aikata.
A cikin wannan shekarar ne kwamitin ya bayar da aikin gina asibitin ga Costain (Nigeria) Limited kuma gwamnatin yankin tsakiyar yammacin Najeriya da gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ne suka dauki nauyin gina asibitin. Wasu fitattun mutanen da suka jajirce wajen ganin an tabbatar da aikin asibitin tun daga ginin har zuwa bude shi, sun hada da: Dr Irene EB Ighodaro, Prof. Glyn O. Philips, Dr AE Ikomi, Dr FO Esiri Infirmary da Mr JO Iluebbey. Wani abin lura a nan shi ne, an mayar da “Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Midwest” suna zuwa “Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Benin” a jawabin kasafin kudin da Kanar Samuel O. Ogbemudia ya yi a watan Afrilun 1972.
An samu yabo da yawa musamman ga Prof. Tiamiyu Belo-Osagie wanda ya yi kokarin sadaukarwa a duk tsawon lokacin, tun daga tunanin asibitin har zuwa kammala shi. Ya kasance Farfesa a fannin ilimin mata masu ciki da mata, wani lokaci shugaban tsangayar ilimin likitanci da Provost, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Lafiyar Jama'a, duk na Jami'ar Benin. Asibitin koyarwa na Jami'ar Benin ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga fifikon ilimin likitanci da ilimi a yammacin Afirka. Asibitin, karkashin jagorancin Prof. Darlington E. Obaseki  a matsayin Babban Daraktan Likitoci, yana ci gaba ta hanyar amfani da ingantattun hanyoyi don isar da sabis na kiwon lafiya, ta hanyar fasaha da ƙwararrun ma'aikata.
Sassan
Asibitin ya ƙunshi sassa na asibiti da bincike masu zuwa.
Safarar Mutane a Saudiyya
Dangane da fataucin bil adama, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta sanya Saudi Arabia, tare da Bolivia, Ecuador, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Burma, Jamaica, Venezuela, Cambodia, Kuwait, Sudan, Cuba, Koriya ta Arewa, da Togo, a matsayin ƙasa ta 3 a cikin rahotonnin na fataucin mutane na shekara ta 2005 da ake buƙata ta waɗanda waɗanda abin ya shafa na fataucin su da Dokar Kariya ta shekara ta  2000 ya buƙata wanda wannan labarin ya samo asali. Kasashe na 3 su ne "kasashen da gwamnatocinsu ba su cika cika ka'idojin da aka fi sani ba kuma ba sa yin gagarumin kokarin yin hakan." Rahoton na shekara ta 2006 ya nuna wasu ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce da Mulkin ya yi don magance matsalolin, amma ya ci gaba da ware Mulkin a matsayin ƙasa ta 3. Rahoton ya ba da shawarar cewa, “Ya kamata gwamnati ta aiwatar da dokokin Musulunci da ake da su, wadanda suka hana cin zarafin mata, yara, da ma’aikata. . ."
Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Sanya ido da Yaki da fataucin mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Jerin Masu bukatan bincike na Tier 2" a cikin shekara ta 2017. "Gwamnatin Saudiyya ba ta cika ƙa'idojin kawar da fataucin mutane ba kuma ba ta yin wani gagarumin kokari na yin hakan. Gwamnati na ci gaba da rashin isassun dokokin yaki da fataucin mutane, kuma, duk da shaidar cin zarafi da ake yi, ba ta bayar da rahoton wata tuhuma ba, ko yanke hukunci, ko kuma hukuncin daurin kurkuku kan laifukan safarar da aka yi wa ma'aikatan gida na kasashen waje. Hakazalika gwamnati ba ta dauki matakin tilasta bin doka da fataucin yin lalata da su a Saudiyya ba, ko kuma ta dauki wani mataki na baiwa wadanda aka yi musu fyade kariya. Gwamnatin Saudiyya kuma ba ta yi wani yunƙuri ba na yin amfani da hanyoyin ganowa da kuma kai waɗanda abin ya shafa zuwa ayyukan kariya."Saudiyya dai ƙasa ce da ake fataucin maza da mata daga Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Gabashin Afirka da ake fataucinsu da nufin cin moriyar ayyukan yi, da kuma fataucin yara daga kasashen Yemen da Afganistan da Afirka domin barace barace. Dubban ɗaruruwan ƙananan ma'aikata daga Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Eritrea da Kenya suna ƙaura da radin kansu zuwa Saudi Arabia; wasu sun faɗa cikin yanayi na bautar da ba son rai, fama da cin zarafi ta jiki da jima'i, rashin biyan kuɗi ko jinkirta biyan albashi, hana takardun tafiya, ƙuntatawa akan ƴancin motsi da sauye-sauyen kwangilar da ba a yarda ba. A cewar kungiyoyin kasa da kasa irin su Ansar Burney Trust, wasu yara kanana daga Pakistan da Bangladesh da kuma Indiya da ke kusa da su ma ana safarar su zuwa Saudi Arabiya don yin amfani da su a matsayin ƴan wasa. Yara ba su da abinci don rage nauyinsu, domin a sauƙaƙa nauyin raƙumi.
Gwamnatin Saudiyya ba ta bin ƙa'idojin da aka shimfida na kawar da fataucin mutane kuma ba ta yin wani gagarumin kokari na yin hakan. Kasar Saudiyya ta tashi daga mataki na 2 zuwa mataki na 3 saboda rashin samun ci gaba a kokarinta na yaki da safarar mutane, musamman gazawarta wajen kare wadanda lamarin ya shafa da kuma gurfanar da wadanda suka aikata laifin bautar da ba gaira ba dalili. Duk da rahotannin fataucin mutane da cin zarafin ma'aikatan gida da sauran ma'aikata da kananan yara, akwai shaidar guda daya tilo da gwamnatin Saudiyya ta tuhumi wani ma'aikacin Saudiyya bisa laifin safarar mutane a lokacin rahoton. Wasu da ake cin zarafi, saboda cikas na tsari, sun zaɓi ficewa daga ƙasar maimakon fuskantar masu zaginsu a kotu. Ana bukatar su fara shigar da kara ga ‘yan sanda kafin a ba su damar shiga matsuguni. Gwamnati ba ta bayar da agajin shari'a ga kasashen waje da abin ya shafa kuma ba ta taimaka musu wajen yin amfani da tsarin shari'ar laifuka na Saudiyya don gurfanar da masu cin zarafinsu a gaban kuliya. Idan wanda aka azabtar ya zaɓi shigar da ƙara, ba a ba shi damar yin aiki ba. Gwamnatin Saudiyya dai na samar da abinci da matsuguni ga ma'aikatan mata da suka shigar da kara ko kuma suka gudu daga wurin ma'aikatansu. Ana yin shari'ar laifuka a ƙarƙashin shari'ar Musulunci, kuma babu wata shaida da aka ba wa waɗanda aka azabtar da su agajin shari'a kafin da lokacin shari'ar Shari'a.
Ana tuhumar ma'aikatan Saudiyya da ke cin zarafin jama'a
Akwai ƙayyadaddun shaida da ke nuni da cewa gwamnati ta inganta yunƙurin gurfanar da su a shekara ta 2004. ta da dokokin da ke hukunta yawancin laifukan fatauci. Yawancin cin zarafi da suka shafi ma'aikatan kasashen waje ana magance su ta hanyar shari'ar Musulunci, dokokin sarauta, da kudurorin ministoci; kaɗan ne ake gabatar da su ga gurfanar da masu laifi. Ma'aikatan cikin gida, waɗanda suka ƙunshi wani yanki mai mahimmanci na ma'aikatan ƙasashen waje, ba a cire su daga kariya a ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙwadago na Saudiyya. Yawancin shari'o'in da suka shafi fataucin ko cin zarafin ma'aikatan kasashen waje ana warware su ba tare da kotu ba ta hanyar sulhu. A cikin shekara ta 2004, an sami rahotannin fyade mata ma'aikatan gida na Philippine; duk da haka, babu wani rahoton tuhuma. A cikin shekara ta 2004, Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Saudi Arabiya ta ba da kudurori, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, hana ciniki a bizar aiki, daukar aiki da cin zarafin yara, da daukar ma'aikata don bara. Ya binciki wasu lamuran masu cin zarafi kuma ya kafa tsarin bin diddigi. Ya zuwa yanzu, an hana ma'aikata 30 masu cin zarafi daukar ma'aikata. Gwamnati na ba da horo ga jami'an ƴan sanda don gane da kuma kula da lamuran cin zarafin ma'aikatan ƙasashen waje.
Kariya
Gwamnatin Saudiyya ba ta inganta ƙoƙarinta na kare wadanda bala'in fataucin ya shafa ba amma tana ci gaba da gudanar da wasu matsuguni guda uku na ma'aikata 'yan kasashen waje da aka ci zarafinsu a Riyadh, Jeddah, da Dammam. Har ila yau, tana gudanar da cibiyoyi ga yaran da aka yi watsi da su, gami da wadanda aka yi safarar su, a Jeddah, Makka, da Madina. Duk da haka, gwamnati ba ta samar da matsuguni ga manyan ma'aikata maza. Akwai kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa da ke aiki tare da wadanda fataucin ya shafa. Gwamnati na sasanta rikice-rikice da cin zarafi da ake yi wa ma'aikatan kasashen waje - gami da korafe korafe na wani laifi - kuma tana neman mayar da wadanda abin ya shafa zuwa kasashensu na asali ba tare da cikakken bincike da kuma gurfanar da laifukan da aka aikata a kansu ba.
Rigakafi
Ƙoƙarin da Saudiyya ta yi na hana fataucin mutane sun haɗa da: rarraba bayanai a ofisoshin jakadancin da ke ketare, ba da izini da daidaita ayyukan hukumomin daukar ma’aikata, lura da yanayin shige da fice da bayar da biza, da kuma wayar da kan jama’a ta kafafen yada labarai da hukumomin addini. Gwamnati ta fara aiki da UNICEF da gwamnatin Yaman don hana fataucin yara ƙanana saboda bara. Wani shiri da aka tsara shekaru da dama da suka gabata na raba bayanai ga ma'aikatan kasashen waje a filayen jiragen saman Saudiyya da isar da sako bai aiwatar da shi ba. Malaman addini sun yi wa’azi a masallatai kan munin cin zarafin ma’aikata.
A cikin 2008 kafofin watsa labarai da Saudiyya ke iko da su sun kafa kamfen na hulda da jama'a da ke ba da shawarar jin kai ga ma'aikatan gida da ma'aikatan kasashen waje. Gangamin dai ya janyo cece-kuce tare da masu suka suna korafin cewa ya gabatar da mummunan ra'ayi game da halin Saudiyya.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa a Amurka
Ƴan ƙasar Saudiyya da ke balaguro ko zama a ƙasashen waje na iya kasancewa tare da bayin da ake tsare da su a bauta. An ruwaito a watan Yunin shekara ta 2005 a cikin jaridar The Denver Post cewa an zargi wasu ma'auratan Saudiyya da ke zaune a Aurora, Colorado da tsare kuyangarsu 'yar Indonesia tsawon shekaru 4 da suka tilasta mata yin girki da tsaftacewa. An kuma zargi Homaidan Al-Turki, mijin da laifin yi wa budurwar fyade akai-akai. A cewar hukumomin tsaro: an karbe fasfo din kuyanga daga hannunta; Ana biyan ta kusan $2.00 a rana; fyade ya faru a kowane mako. Yar aikin ta shiga hidimar ma'aurata ne a shekara 17 ta wata hukumar daukar ma'aikata ta Indonesiya a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida. Ta tafi Riyadh ta shiga aikinsu bisa alkawarin biyan dala 160 duk wata, amma a cewar masu gabatar da kara sun karbi dala 3,300 ne kawai na tsawon shekaru hudu. Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka a cikin shekara ta 2000 tare da kuyanginsu. Tun farko dai an gurfanar da ma’auratan ne a gaban kotun tarayya da laifin bautar da ba da son rai ba, inda za a hukunta su a shari’o’in da suka shafi lalata da rayuwa a gidan yari. An kuma gurfanar da mijin a gaban kotun jihar da laifuka da dama na lalata da su. An samu mijin da laifuka guda 12 da suka haɗa da cin zarafi ta tilastawa, wasu laifuka guda biyu da suka shafi daure gidan yari, da kuma sata saboda ajiye albashin kuyanga da kuma yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 27 zuwa rai. Al’amarin dai ya yi fice a kasar Saudiyya, inda ƴan jaridu suka bayyana shi a matsayin wanda aka yi wa kyamar Musulunci. bayar da belin dala 400,000. A watan Nuwamban 2006, babban mai shigar da kara na Colorado John Suthers ya yi tattaki zuwa Saudiyya inda ya gana da Sarki Abdullah da Yarima mai jiran gado Sultan don kawar da "rashin fahimta" game da tsarin shari'ar Amurka. Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ce ta dauki nauyin tafiyar tasa. Matar Al-Turki, Sarah Khonaizan, wadda ta amsa laifin rage laifukan jihohi da na tarayya, za a fitar da ita daga Amurka. Bayan hukuncin da jihar ta yanke, an janye tuhumar da gwamnatin tarayya ke yi wa Al-Turki.
Wata shari’ar kuma ta shafi Gimbiya Buniah Al Saud, ‘yar ‘yar autan Fahd ƴar kasar Saudiyya, wadda aka kama a birnin Orlando na jihar Florida kuma aka zarge ta da turkawa wata yar aikinta ‘yar kasar Indonesiya a kan wani jirgi. An warware shari’ar ta laifin ne ta hanyar neman cin zarafi da kuma biyan wata ‘yar tarar bayan da baiwar ta ki ba ta takardar biza bayan ta tafi Indonesia don jana’izar mahaifiyarta. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ki yin bayanin kin amincewar da suka yi na ba da shaida a cikin wata shari'ar da ta aikata laifuka ta shiga Amurka. An daidaita karar farar hula na albashi.
Zargi na uku ya shafi Hana Al Jader daga Boston, Massachusetts da ake zargi da satar fasfo na wasu mata 2 ƴan Indonesia tare da tilasta musu yin aikin gida.
Zargi na huɗu ya shafi Ofishin Jakadancin Saudiyya a McLean, Virginia, inda aka cire mutane biyu daga cikin kadarorin bayan sanar da mazauna yankin game da yanayinsu na bayi da cin zarafi a gidan a watan Mayu shekara ta 2013.
Jiragen saman Afirka
Jiragen sama sun karu a Afirka saboda, a kasashe da yawa, hanyoyin sadarwa na hanya da na dogo ba su da kyau saboda matsalolin kudi, ƙasa, da lokutan ruwan sama. Ben R. Guttery, marubucin Encyclopedia of African Airlines, ya ce "Ko da yake yawancin masu jigilar ba su taɓa zama babba bisa ka'idodin Turai ko Amurka ba, sun yi tasiri sosai ga tattalin arziki da mutane". Yawancin manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka mallakar gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ko kuma gaba ɗaya. Wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka sun kasance ko a baya suna da kamfanonin jiragen saman Turai a matsayin manyan masu hannun jari, kamar KLM wanda ke da kashi 7.8% a Kenya Airways da British Airways wanda a baya yana da kashi 18% a Comair.
Tarihi
A tarihi, hukumomin Burtaniya sun kafa kamfanonin jiragen sama na cikin gida, yayin da kamfanonin jiragen saman Belgium, Faransa, Portugal, da Spain suka yi wa yankunansu hidima. Bayan kasashe na Afirka sun sami 'yanci, gwamnatocin kasa sun kafa kamfanonin jiragen sama na kansu. Yawancin sabbin kasashe masu zaman kansu suna so su sami masu ɗaukar tutar su don nuna 'yancin kansu, kuma waɗancan ƙasashe suna son manyan jiragen sama kamar DC-10s da 747s koda kuwa buƙatar iska ba ta ba da izini ga waɗancan jiragen ba. Wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama, kamar Air Afrique, gwamnatoci da yawa sun tallafawa tare. Wasu kamfanonin hadin gwiwa, kamar su Central African Airways, East African Airways, da West African Airways, an kafa su ne lokacin da Ingila ta mallaki sassan Afirka. An yi amfani da ilimin jirgin sama, masana'antar jirgin sama, da babban birnin kuɗi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Turawa, don kafa sabbin masu jigilar Afirka.
mallakar gwamnati
A lokuta da yawa kamfanonin jiragen sama na Turai suna da tasirin mulkin mallaka a kan kamfanonin jiragen saman Afirka, don haka batutuwan sun taso bayan masu mulkin mallaka sun bar Afirka kuma 'yan Afirka sun fara aiki da masu jigilar jiragen. Kamfanonin jiragen sama da yawa na gwamnati suna aiki da wadanda aka nada daga gwamnati kamar yadda kamfanonin jiragen sama masu yawa suka kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin gwamnatocin su na kasa. A cewar Guttery, sabili da haka, kamfanonin jiragen sama da yawa na Afirka ba a sarrafa su da kyau. Wannan ya haifar da kamfanonin jiragen sama da ke aiki a cikin asarar gaske da / ko warwarewa.
Bugu da kari, ribar sau da yawa tana shiga cikin asusun aiki na ƙasashensu, yayin da gwamnatoci da yawa ke ba da isasshen kuɗi ga kamfanonin jiragen sama. Har ila yau, gwamnatoci da yawa suna sanya cibiyoyin kamfanonin jiragen sama don aiki da kuma yawan ma'aikata kamfanonin jiragen su, suna sa su marasa inganci. Guttery ya ce duk da cewa bambancin gudanarwar gwamnati da mallakar kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka "za a iya la'akari da cikas a kasuwar duniya da tattalin arziki ke jagoranta," saboda matsalolin da ke tattare da tara kudaden kuɗi da rashin ababen more rayuwa na gwamnati, shiga gwamnati yana da mahimmanci wajen kafa kamfanonin jiragen ruwa. Kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka sun dogara da hanyoyin kasa da kasa masu fa'ida don tallafawa hanyoyin cikin gida marasa fa'ida, da yawa daga cikinsu suna ba da sabis ga ƙananan al'ummomi.
Jirgin Ruwa
Idan aka kwatanta da jirgin sama a wasu yankuna na duniya, jirgin sama a Afirka ya tsufa. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, kashi 4.3% na dukkan jiragen sama a duniya suna tashi a cikin Afirka. Daga cikin tsofaffin jiragen sama, [ƙididdige] 12% suna tashi a cikin Afirka. Duk da yake tsofaffin jiragen sama suna da ƙananan farashi, suna da ƙimar amfani da man fetur da farashin kulawa fiye da sababbin jiragen sama. Saboda yawancin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka suna da ƙarancin ƙididdigar kuɗi, Afirka tana da ƙaranci na kwangilar haya. 5% na jirgin sama da aka hayar a duniya yana tashi a Afirka.
Kasancewar Alliance
Haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin jiragen sama a cikin Afirka ya haɗa da yarjejeniyar codeshare tsakanin kamfanonin jiragen ruwa da yawa a cikin ƙungiya ɗaya, da kuma mai ɗaukar jirgin Afirka ɗaya wanda ke da daidaito a cikin wani mai ɗaukar jirgin ƙasa na Afirka. Kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka kalilan ne ke shiga cikin kawance tare da masu jigilar jiragen sama wadanda ba na Afirka ba, saboda ba su isa su iya jan hankalin zuba jari ba, sabili da haka ba su iya haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwar da ke da kyau ga haɗin gwiwar jirgin sama ba. Koyaya, yawancin masu ɗaukar tutar Afirka sun sami damar shiga cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwar jiragen sama na duniya: South African Airways ta zama memba na Star Alliance a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2006. Kenya Airways ta zama memba na SkyTeam a ranar 4 ga Satumba 2007, kuma ta zama cikakken memba na Sky Team a cikin 2010. Egyptair ya zama memba na Star Alliance a watan Yulin 2008, kamar yadda kamfanin Ethiopian Airlines ya yi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011. Royal Air Maroc ta shiga Oneworld a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2020.
Tsaro
Ya zuwa 1998, Ƙungiyar Jirgin Sama ta Duniya ta sanya Afirka da Latin Amurka a matsayin yankuna na duniya tare da mafi ƙarancin hanyoyin sufuri na iska. Cibiyar sadarwar jiragen sama ta Afirka ta kasa da kayan aiki. Ya zuwa 1998, tsarin kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Afirka ba su da ci gaba kamar tsarin ATC a wasu sassan duniya; Ben R. Guttery ya ce rashin zirga-zane a Afirka ya biya tsarin ATC da ba a ci gaba ba. Har ila yau, idan aka kwatanta da filayen jirgin sama mafi girma, ƙananan filayen jirgin saman ba su da damar samun hanyoyi masu wuya. Guttery ya ce a cikin 1998 cewa manyan filayen jirgin saman Afirka "kusan ba za a iya rarrabe su ba daga waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa". Ya kuma ce a cikin 1998 cewa "Matsalar tsaro ta filin jirgin sama ta ci gaba da zama matsala, amma ana magance su".
A shekara ta 2005, kusan kashi 25% na hadarin jirgin sama a duniya ya faru ne a Afirka, yayin da jiragen Afirka suka kai kashi 5% na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a duniya. Jaridar Wall Street ta bayyana cewa "Shekaru da yawa, jirgin saman Afirka ya sha wahala daga tsofaffin jiragen sama, filayen jirgin sama masu rushewa, kayan aiki da matukan jirgi marasa horo" kuma Afirka tana da "rashin kulawa da yawa wanda ya sa sararin samaniya ya zama mafi haɗari a duniya". WSJ ta bayyana cewa rashin tilasta ka'idojin tsaro mafi ƙarancin gwamnatoci saboda rashin iko ko rashin gaskiya shine "mafi girman dalilin rikodin tsaro".
A shekara ta 2020 duk da haka, jirgin sama na Afirka ya inganta tsaro har zuwa lokacin da tashi a Afirka ya fi matsakaicin duniya lafiya dangane da haɗari a kowace jirgi miliyan.
Karbala
Karbala ko sahara ( كَرْبَلَاء   [karbalaːʔ], /k ɑːr b ə l ə / KAR -bə-lə,   kuma US : / ˌ k ɑːr b ə l ɑː / KAR -bə- Lah .   ) birni ne, da ke a yankin tsakiyar Iraki, wanda yake kusa da 100 km kudu maso yamma na Baghdad, da kuma 'yan mil mil gabas na Tafkin Milh, wanda aka fi sani da Lake Razzaza. Karbala ita ce babban birnin Masarautar Karbala, kuma tana da kimanin mutane 700,000 (2015).
Bayanin Lantarki
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa a tsakanin masu bincike daban-daban, game da asalin kalmar "Karbala". Wasu sun nuna cewa "Karbala" yana da alaƙa da yaren "Karbalato", yayin da wasu kuma suke ƙoƙari su sami ma'anar kalmar "Karbala" ta hanyar nazarin yadda ake rubuta ta da kuma yarenta. Sun yanke hukuncin cewa ya samo asali ne daga kalmar larabci "Kar Babel" wacce ta kasance tsohuwar ƙauyukan Babila waɗanda suka haɗa da Nainawa, Al-Ghadiriyya, Karbella (Karb Illu. Kamar yadda yake a Arba Illu [Arbil]), Al-Nawaweess, da Al- Mai hankali. Wannan sunan karshe a yau ana kiransa Al-Hair kuma anan ne kabarin Husayn ibn Ali yake.
Mai binciken Yaqut al-Hamawi ya nuna cewa ma'anar "Karbala" na iya samun bayanai da yawa, daya daga ciki ita ce, wurin da Husayn bn Ali ya yi shahada an yi shi ne daga kasa mai laushi- "Al-Karbalat".
A cewar 'yan Shi'ah da imani, cikin Mala'ikan Gabriel ruwaito da gaskiya ma'anar sunan Karbala' to Muhammad : a hade da Karb ( كَرْب , Ƙasar da zai sa dayawa mãyen) da kuma Bala '( بَلَاء   , masifu). "
Yanayi
Karbala tana fuskantar yanayin hamada mai zafi ( BWh a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayi na Köppen ) tare da tsananin zafi, doguwa, lokacin rani mai raɗaɗi da sanyin hunturu. Kusan dukkanin ruwan sama na shekara ana karɓar tsakanin watan Nuwamba zuwa watan Afrilu, kodayake babu watan da ke da ruwa.An yi Yaƙin Karbala a hamada a kan hanya zuwa Kufa a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba 10, shekara ta 680 (10 Muharram 61 AH). Dukansu Husayn bin Ali da dan uwansa Abbas bin Ali sun binne su ne ta hanyar kabilar Banī Asad, a abin da daga baya ya zama sananne da Mashhad Al-Husayn. Yakin da kansa ya faru ne sakamakon kin amincewar Husain na bukatar Yazid I na neman yin mubaya'a ga khalifancinsa. Gwamnan Kufan, Ubaydallah bn Ziyad, ya aika da mahaya dubu talatin a kan Husayn yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Kufa. An umarci mahaya, a karkashin Umar bin Sa’ad, da su hana Husayn da mabiyansa ruwa domin tilasta Husayn ya yarda ya ba da bai’a. A ranar 9 ga watan Muharram, Husayn ya ƙi, kuma ya nemi a ba shi daren yin salla. A ranar 10 ga watan Muharram, Husayn bn Ali ya yi sallar asuba sannan ya jagoranci rundunarsa tare da dan uwansa Abbas. Da yawa daga cikin mabiyan Husayn, gami da dukkanin 'ya'yansa na yanzu Ali Akbar, Ali Asghar (dan wata shida) da yayansa Qassim, Aun da Muhammad an kashe su.
A cikin 63 AH (682 ), Yazid bn Mu'awiya ya saki sauran dangin Husayn daga gidan yari. A kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Makka, sun tsaya a wurin da aka gwabza yakin. Akwai rikodin Sulayman bn Surad da zai je aikin hajji a wurin tun a farkon 65 AH (685 CE). Birnin ya fara zama kabari da hubbare ga Husayn kuma ya girma a matsayin birni domin biyan bukatun mahajjata. Birni da kaburburan an fadada su sosai daga sarakunan musulmai masu zuwa, amma sun sha wahala sau da yawa daga rundunoni masu kai hari. Asalin dakin ibada ne wanda Halifan Abbasawa Al-Mutawakkil ya lalata a 850 amma an sake gina shi a halin yanzu kusan 979, amma wuta ta lalata wani ɓangare a cikin 1086 kuma aka sake gina shi.
Kamar Najaf, garin ya sha wahala daga matsalar ƙarancin ruwa wanda kawai aka warware shi a farkon karni na 18 ta hanyar gina madatsar ruwa a kan Hanyar Husayniyya. A cikin shekara ta 1737, garin ya maye gurbin Isfahan a Iran a matsayin babbar cibiyar karatun Shi'a. A tsakiyar karni na sha takwas ya sami rinjaye daga shugaban malanta, Yusuf Al Bahrani, babban mai tallata al'adun Akhbari na Shia yana tunani, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1772, bayan haka kuma makarantar Usuli mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta zama mai yawa tasiri.
Bayan mamayar daular Saudiyya ta Farko, garin ya sami ikon cin gashin kai a lokacin mulkin Ottoman, wanda ke karkashin jagorancin wasu gungun kungiyoyin 'yan daba da na mafia da ke kawance da mambobin' ulama. Don sake tabbatar da ikon su, sojojin Ottoman sun yiwa garin kawanya. A ranar 13 ga watn Janairu, shekara ta 1843 sojojin Ottoman suka shiga garin. Yawancin shugabannin gari sun gudu sun bar tsaron garin galibi ga 'yan kasuwa. Kimanin Larabawa 3,000 aka kashe a cikin birni, da kuma wasu 2,000 a waje da bango (wannan yana wakiltar kusan 15% na yawan jama'ar gari). Turkawan sun rasa mazaje 400. Wannan ya sa ɗalibai da malamai da yawa suka koma Najaf, wacce ta zama babbar cibiyar addinin Shi'a. Tsakanin 1850 da 1903, Karbala ya sami wadataccen kwararar kuɗi ta hanyar Oudh Bequest. Lardin Indiya na Shiad da ke Awadh, wanda Birtaniyya ta sani da Oudh, a koyaushe yana tura kudi da mahajjata zuwa birni mai tsarki. Kudin Oudh, rupees miliyan 10, sun samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1825 daga Awadh Nawab Ghazi-ud-Din Haider. Daya bisa ukun shi ne ya je ga matansa, sauran kuma kashi biyu bisa uku sun tafi biranen Karbala da Najaf masu tsarki. Lokacin da matansa suka mutu a cikin 1850, kuɗin sun tara tare da riba a hannun Kamfanin Burtaniya na Gabashin Indiya. Kungiyar ta EIC ta tura kudin zuwa Karbala da Najaf bisa ga duk abin da matan suka ga dama, da fatan yin tasiri ga Malamai kan ni'imar Burtaniya. Wannan ƙoƙari don neman yardar gaba ɗaya ana ɗauka cewa gazawa ce.
A cikin shekara ta 1928, an gudanar da wani muhimmin aikin magudanar ruwa don kawar da garin daga fadamar rashin lafiya, wanda aka kafa tsakanin Hussainiya da Kogin Bani Hassan a Kogin Yufiretis. Tsaron Gidan Majalisa a Karbala - wasu gumurzun da aka gwabza tsakanin aranar 3 ga Afrilu zuwa 6 ga Afrilu shekara ta, 2004 tsakanin 'yan tawayen Iraki na rundunar Mahdi da ke kokarin mamaye zauren majalisar da kuma kare sojojin Poland da Bulgaria daga Sashin Kasashen Duniya na Tsakiyar Kudu.
A shekara ta 2003 bin 2003 mamayewa na Iraki, da Karbala majalisar dattawan gari yunkurin zabe United States Marine Corps Laftanar Kanar Matthew Lopez a matsayin magajin garin. Babu shakka don sojojin sa, yan kwangila, da kuɗaɗen sa sun kasa barin sa.
A ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu,shekara ta 2007, wani bam da ke cikin mota ya fashe kusan 600 ft daga wurin ibadar, suna kashe mutane 47  da raunata sama da 150.
A ranar 19 ga Janairun 2008, Mabiya Shi’a ‘yan Iraki miliyan biyu sun yi tattaki a cikin garin Karbala, Iraki don tunawa da Ashura. Dakarun Iraki da ‘yan sanda dubu 20 ne suka tsare taron yayin tashin hankali saboda rikici tsakanin sojojin Iraki da‘ yan Shia wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane 263 (a Basra da Nasiriya ).
Yawon shakatawa na addini
Karbala, tare da Najaf, ana daukar shi ne wurin da musulmai mabiya Shi'a ke zuwa yawon bude ido, kuma masana'antar yawon bude ido a garin ta bunkasa bayan karshen mulkin Saddam Hussein. Wasu abubuwan jan hankali na yawon shakatawa na addini sun hada da:
Filin jirgin sama a Karbala sun hada da:
Imani na addini
Wasu daga cikin ‘yan Shi’ar suna ganin wannan ayar ta Alqurani tana magana ne game da kasar Iraki, yankin Kufah na tsarkakakkun wuraren Shi’a,  Najaf, Karbala, Kadhimiyyah  da Samarra,   tunda masu wa'azin Tauhidi Ibrāhīm ( Ibrahim ) da Lūṭ ( Lutu ), waɗanda ake ɗaukarsu Annabawa a Islama,  an yi imanin cewa sun rayu a tsohon garin Iraqi Kutha Rabba, kafin zuwa " Kasa Mai Albarka ".
Akwai hadisai da yawa na Shi'a da ke bayar da labarin matsayin Karbala: Karbalaa FC kungiyar kwallon kafa ce da ke garin Karbala.
Akwai nassoshi da yawa a cikin littattafai a cikin fina-finai zuwa "Karbala", galibi ana nufin mutuwar Husayn a Yaƙin Karbala. Husayn galibi ana nuna shi akan farin dokin da kibiyoyi suka rataye. Akwai fina-finai da shirye-shiryen bidiyo game da abubuwan da suka faru a Karbala a yanayi mai rai da kuma haƙiƙa (duba mahaɗan waje "Karbala: Lokacin da Sararin samaniya Yayi Hawan jini"; "Safar-e-Karbala").
Hoton bidiyo na ainihin garin ya wanzu a cikin wani shirin Burtaniya mai taken "Yankin Kashe Saddam." Shirin shirin ya nuna yadda sojojin Saddam suka lalata garin a cikin watan Maris na 1991 ta hanyar kyamarar bidiyo ta wasu 'yan'uwa maza biyu da ke zaune a garin.
Hawza cibiyoyin ilimin addinin musulunci ne wadanda mujtahid ko Allamas ke gudanarwa tare don koyar da musulmai yan shia da shiryar dasu ta hanya mai tsauri na zama da Alim. Dangane da hawaz a Karbala, Bayan rasuwar wani mashahurin Alama, Sayyid Muhammad, jagoranci a bangaren malami ya koma zuwa taklid zuwa mujtahid. Wannan mahimmin abu ne wanda ya jagoranci jagorancin Malama don zama a Karbala da kuma Najaf. Da farko hauza ta Karbala (cibiyar koyar da addinin Musulunci) ta ƙunshi yawancin Iraniyawa da Ulama ta Turkiya. Bayan rasuwar Sharif-ul-Ulama Mazandarani a 1830 da kuma danniyar yan shia da Ottoman suka yi a shekara ta 1843 duk sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauya Ulamas da yawa don haka Najaf ya zama cibiyar jagorancin Islama ta Shi'a a cikin ilimi.
Kamar yadda yake a yanzu, akwai jami'o'i biyu a Karbala. Jami'ar Karbala, wacce aka ƙaddamar a ranar 1 ga Maris, shekara ta 2002, ɗayan manyan jami'o'i ne a Iraki dangane da harkokin ilimi, albarkatun ɗan adam, da kuma binciken kimiyya. An kafa Jami'ar Ahl Al Bayt a watan Satumba na shekara ta 2003 da Dokta Mohsen Baqir Mohammed-Salih Al-Qazwini. Jami'ar na da manyan kwalejoji shida: Kwalejin Shari'a, Arts, Kimiyyar Islama, Fasaha da Kiwon Lafiya, Magunguna da Ilimin Hakora.
Jami'ar Warith al-Anbiya da ke Karbala, kwanan nan an kafa ta a karkashin wani aikin na Masallacin Husayn Mai Tsarki, tana da ƙwarewar injiniya, gudanarwa, tattalin arziki, doka da ilimin lissafi, wanda ke shirye don karɓar ɗalibai a shekarar farko ta ilimi wato a shekàra ta 2017–2018.
Conasashen Indiya
A cikin yankin Indiya, Karbala, baya ga ma'anar garin Karbala (wanda galibi ake kira da Karbala-e-Mualla ma'ana Karbala mai ɗaukaka), yana kuma nufin filaye na gari inda jerin gwanon tunawa ke ƙarewa da / ko ta'zīya a lokacin Ashura ko Arba'een, galibi irin waɗannan filayen suna da shabeeh (kwafin) Rauza ko wasu tsare-tsare.
A Kudancin Asiya inda ta'zīya ke nufin musamman ga ƙananan kaburbura da aka yi amfani da su a jerin gwanon da aka gudanar a Muharram. Abin ya faro ne daga gaskiyar cewa nisan da Indiya ta yi daga Karbala ya hana a binne Shi'an Indiya a kusa da kabarin Husayn ko yin hajji akai-akai ( ziyarat ) zuwa kabarin. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa 'yan Shi'ar Indiya suka kafa karbalas na gida a kan yankin ta hanyar kawo ƙasa daga Karbala da kuma yayyafa ta a kan kuri'a da aka sanya a matsayin makabartu na gaba. Da zarar an kafa karbalas a kan yankin ƙasa, mataki na gaba shi ne kawo kabarin Husayn zuwa Indiya. Wannan an kafa shi ne ta hanyar gina kwatankwacin kabarin Husayn da ake kira ta'zīya don aiwatarwa cikin jerin gwanon Muharram. Dubunnan ta'zīyas masu siffofi daban-daban ana yin su kowace shekara don watannin makokin Muharram da Safar; kuma ana daukar su cikin tsari kuma ana iya binne su a karshen Ashura ko Arba'een.
Alex Smith (ɗan siyasa)
Alex Smith (haihu ranar 2 Disamba 1943) tsohon ɗan siyasan Scotland ne wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Turai.
Karatu da Aiki
Smith yayi karatu a Irvine Royal Academy kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin lambu sannan kuma ma'aikacin saka. Ya zama mai tsaron shago tare da Kungiyar Sufuri da Manyan Ma'aikata, sannan kuma ya zama mai himma a Jam'iyyar Labour, yana shugabantar Jam'iyyar Labour na Mazabar Kudu ta Cunninghame daga 1983 har zuwa 1987, da kuma Majalisar Kasuwancin Irvine.
Siyasa
A zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 1989, an zaɓi Smith don wakiltar Kudancin Scotland. Ya lashe kujerar daga hannun Alasdair Hutton, na jam'iyyar Conservative a 1989, ya rike ta a kan kalubale daga gare shi a 1994, amma ya tsaya a matsayin MEP a 1999.
Moscow
Moscow shine abban birnin kasar Rasha, kuma daya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya.
ciyayi
Duk da babban mataki na ci gaban Moscow, fannin mãkirci na ƙasar birnin ne game da 1/3 daga cikin jimlar yankin na birnin.
Har ila yau a cikin birnin ne na Halitta National Park Elk Island, kuri'a na Parks da na wasanni yankunan.
dabba duniya
Moscow fauna ne bambancin. Alal misali, a cikin National Park Elk Island ana samun su ba kawai zomo, hedgehogs da zomaye, to amma har da ya fi girma dabbobin daji, irin su daji boar da elk, hange naman daji. Ana samun su da predators - fox, Mink da ermine. Gida a Verhneyauzskoy wani ɓangare na muz Island daji ducks da herons, su ne gida don rare pheasants da partridges. Tun lokacin Ivan da Munin, Elk Island ne karkashin musamman kariya - na farko a matsayin sarauta farauta wuri, kuma tun 1983 - a matsayin halitta na kasa shakatawa.
A Bitza gandun daji ma na zaune mai yawa dabbobin daji. Rayuwa a nan hedgehogs, shrews har ma jemagu, don haka rare a babban birnin kasar. zomo - zomo da kurege, vole, weasels, zomo. Ku zo daga makiyayarta elk da daji boar. Hatching duck nests corncrake.
Siyasa division
Moscow ta yankin raka'a ne yankunan, ƙauyuka da kuma Gudanarwa gundumomi da sunaye da iyaka, shika-shikan shari'a ayyukan birnin.
dogo kai
A Railway cibiyar sadarwa a Moscow da aka wakilta goma main yankunan da tara tashoshin (takwas tashoshin - Belarushiyanci, Kazan, Kursk, Kiev, Birnin Leningrad,, Paveletskiy, Riga, Yaroslavl ne da za'ayi biyu commuter da kuma dogon nesa sadarwa, daya tashar - Savyelovskiy - kawai hidima commuter sufuri), Moscow Madauwari Railway, a haɗa da dama rassan da dama rassan, mafi yawa single-waƙa, in mun gwada da ɗan gajeren tsawon, da girma daga wanda yake shi ne gaba ɗaya a cikin birnin.
filayen jiragen saman
A Moscow Vnukovo International Airport kuma Ostafyevo. Har ila yau, mazauna da kuma baƙi amfani da sabis na sauran kasashen duniya filayen jiragen saman located in Moscow yankin: Domodedovo, Chkalov, Sheremetyevo.
Daman amfani da filayen jiragen saman iya ba kawai ta hanyar mota, amma kuma amfani Express aiko Railway tashoshin: Kiev - don Vnukovo Airport, Belarushiyanci - Sheremetyevo Airport kuma Paveletsky - Airport Domodedovo.
Birnin sarrafa m, amma tun da farkon karni XXI, ya, a gaskiya, ya ɓace ta kai tsaye nufin: ta gabatarwa da aka sa masu sufurin karkashin Retail sarari.
mota kai
Moscow ne cibiyar cibiyar sadarwa na tarayya hanyõyi daban-daban kwatance, wanda gama babban birnin kasar tare da Gudanarwa cibiyoyin na Rasha Federation da kuma biranen kasashen jihohi. A Moscow kanta yana da raya kai kayayyakin, musamman hada da uku sufuri zobba: aikin lambu, Na uku sufuri da kuma Moscow Zobe Road, shirya yi na tsakiya Zobe Road (CRR) a cikin unguwannin bayan gari na birnin zuwa fitad da kaya daga cikin mota daga sufuri zirga-zirga.
Moscow Metro
Tun watan Mayu 15, 1935 a Moscow, aiki karkashin kasa, wanda yake shi ne babban wajen harkokin sufuri a cikin birnin. A kan talakawan, da Moscow Metro daukawa 6.824.000 fasinjoji per day (as na 2013). Wannan shi ne karo na biyar shekara-shekara fasinja zirga-zirga metro tsarin a cikin dũniya da farko a Turai. Jimlar tsawon Lines na Moscow Metro - 320,9 km, mafi yawan hanya da kuma tashoshin located karkashin kasa. Har a Moscow metro ne na shida most a duniya.
Kamar wani Moscow tashar jirgin karkashin kasa da 12 194 Lines, ciki har da haske dogo line. Mutane da yawa metro tashar ne gine-gine Monuments.
Tun shekara ta 2004, da monorail, aiki na wanda aka gudanar da jihar Unitary ciniki "Moscow Metro".
kimiyya
Moscow - manyan duniya bincike cibiyar, gabatar cibiyoyin bincike aiki a yawancin masana'antu, irin su nukiliya makamashi, microelectronics, Aerospace da sauransu. Na farko kimiyya karatu a Moscow ya fara da za a gudanar a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar tun 1755. A cikin karni XIX fara fito fili a jami'a bincike al'umma nazarin tarihin Rasha, magani, kimiyyar lissafi, Rasha da kuma sauran kimiyyar. A 1828, a St. Petersburg kafa Rumyantsev Museum - babban tarin littattafai, tsabar kudi, rubuce-rubucen da sauran ethnographic da kuma tarihi kayan cewa tuni a 1861, canja shi zuwa Moscow, da kuma a 1924 a karkashi aka halicci Jihar Library na Tarayyar Soviet. Lenin.
Ivory Coast
Côte d'Ivoire (lafazi: /kot'divwar/ ; da Hausanci: bakin tekun hauren giwa) ko Jamhuriyar Côte d'Ivoire (da Faransanci: République de Côte d'Ivoire), ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Afirka. Côte d'Ivoire tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba'i 322,462. Côte d'Ivoire tana da yawan jama'a Kimanin, 26.378.274, bisa ga jimillar 2020. Côte d'Ivoire tana da iyaka da Liberiya, da Gine, da Mali, da Burkina Faso, da kuma Ghana. Babban birnin Côte d'Ivoire, Yamoussoukro. babban birnin tattalin arzikin Abidjan.
Shugaban kasar Côte d'Ivoire Alassane Ouattara (lafazi: /alhassan watarra/).firaministan Amadou Gon Coulibaly (lafazi: /amadon gon kulibali/). Côte d'Ivoire ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1960, daga Faransa.
Hotuna
<Gallery> File:Asnat codivoire.jpg|Ginin zaurrn majalisar ƙasar File:Yamoussoukro panorama.jpg|Babban birnin kasar, Yamoussoukro File:Baie de Cocody .jpg|Baie de Cocody </Gallery>
Taher Mohamed
Taher Mohamed Ahmed Taher Mohamed Mahmoud (an haife shi ranar 7 ga watan Maris, 1997) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Masar, wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar Al Ahly ta Masar da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Ya buga wasansa na farko a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Masar a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2018 a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika da Tunisia, a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Amr Warda na mintuna na 86. Taher yana cikin jerin 'yan wasan karshe na 'yan wasan Olympics na Masar da suka lashe kofin Afirka na baya-bayan nan da aka gudanar a birnin Alkahira a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2019 kuma ya yi nasarar tsallakewa zuwa Tokyo 2020.
Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai (da Thai: เชียงใหม่) birni ne, da ke a yankin Chiang Mai, a ƙasar Thailand. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2017, Chiang Mai tana da yawan jama'a 960,906. An gina birnin Chiang Mai a karni na sha uku bayan haihuwar Annabi Issa.
Abidjan
Abidjan Birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Côte d'Ivoire. Shi ne babban birnin tattalin arzikin ƙasar Côte d'Ivoire; babban birnin Côte d'Ivoire Yamoussoukro ce. Abidjan yana da yawan jama'a 4,707,000, bisa ga jimillar 2014. An gina birnin Abidjan a shekara ta 1899.
Dino DJiba
Dino Djiba (an haife shi ranar 20 ga watan Disambar 1985) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya.
Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa
Ya wakilci tawagar ƙasar a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika na 2006, inda tawagarsa ta ɗauki matsayi na 4 a karo na uku a tarihi.
Muhammad Garba
Muhammad Garba ɗan jarida ne kuma ɗan Najeriya, kuma ɗan siyasa daga jihar Kano wanda shine kwamishinan yaɗa labarai. kuma memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa a Ƙungiyar Ƴan Jarida ta Duniya.
Sana'a
Muhammad ya fara aikin jarida a shekarar 1989 tare da Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Triumph, Kano a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma ya yi aiki a jihohi daban-daban na tarayya a matsayin wakilin. Daga baya ya girma a cikin aikinsa har ya zama Babban Edita, Editan Labaran Rukuni, da Mataimakin Edita. Ya kuma taɓa zama memba na Hukumar Edita na Jaridun Ƙasa da dama. Muhammed Garba ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban da suka haɗa da Sakataren Yaɗa Labarai na Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakilai a shekarar 1993 da Sakataren Yaɗa Labarai na Mataimakin Gwamnan Jihar Kano Abdullahi Umar Ganduje a shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003. Ya fara fafutukar sa na ƙungiyar ne a matsayin shugaban kungiyarsa ta Chapel-The Triumph, wacce ke ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar ƴan jarida ta Najeriya (NUJ), jihar Kano. Daga baya aka zaɓe shi shugaban majalisar jiha na a wa’adi biyu kuma ya kasance mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar na ƙasa, sannan ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar ƴan jarida ta Najeriya NUJ a shekarar 2009. Muhammad ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar ƴan jarida ta yammacin Afirka (WAJA) wanda aka zaɓa a Bamako, Mali kuma shine shugaban ƙungiyar ƴan jarida ta Afrika (FAJ) wanda aka zaɓa a Casablanca, Morocco 2009. Muhammad memba ne na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƴan Jarida ta Duniya (IFJ) wanda aka zaɓa a Dublin, Ireland. Dr Abdullahi Umar Ganduje ya naɗa Muhammad kwamishinan yaɗa labarai a shekarar 2015.
Yusuf Mohamed Ismail
Yusuf Mohamed Ismail ( Somali , يوسف محمد إسماعيل   ‎ 11 Satumba 1960 – 27 Maris 2015), wanda aka fi sani da Bari-Bari, ɗan siyasan Somaliya ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya. Ya shiga ayyukan diflomasiyya a shekarata 2007. A lokacin mutuwarsa, ya kasance Ambasada a ƙasar Switzerland kuma Wakilin Dindindin a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Geneva tun daga 4 Afrilun shekarar 2008.
Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Ismail a Bologna, Italiya zuwa ga ahalin musulmin Somaliya masu kishin addini. Yayi karatu a Jami'ar Bologna. Yayi aure kuma yana da yara.
A ranar 27 ga Maris din shekarar 2015, Ismail ya ji rauni a wani harin da mayakan al-Shabaab suka kai a otal din Makka al-Mukarama da ke Mogadishu yayin halartar wani taro. Daga baya ya mutu daga rauni da ya ji a asibiti, yana da shekara 54. An binne shi a Garoowe, Puntland a ranar 29 ga Maris.
Luanda
Luanda birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Angola. Shi ne babban birnin Angola. Luanda ya na da yawan jama'a 6,945,386, bisa ga ƙidayar 2014. An gina birnin Luanda a shekara ta 1575.