cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Mohamed ben Zamoum
Turawan Faransa sun mamaye Algeria
Wannan taron, wanda aka fara a ranar 23 ga watan Yuli kuma ya ƙare a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, ya yanke shawara kan zaɓi na adawa ga kasancewar Faransa a cikin wani yunƙuri mai ƙarfi na ƙabilun da shugabanninsu, kamar Mohamed ben Zamoum, suka haɗu da rundunarsu suka tattara kansu a cikin martanin da aka samu bayan faduwar Algiers.
Amma de Bourmont ba ya son bin shawarar Shaikh, kuma ya fara kamfen dinsa a kan Blida a ranar 23 ga watan Yuli bayan ya kulla yarjejeniya da bey na Titteri a Médéa, mai suna Mustapha Boumezrag.
Rashin nasarar sojoji 1,200, da mahayan dawakai 100, da kuma manyan bindigogi wadanda Janar de Bourmont ya dogara da su yayin ziyarar da ya kai wa Blida da kewayenta, ya gamsar da Sheikh ben Zamoum cewa adawa da Faransa tana yiwuwa kuma yakin ne zai daidaita matsayin masu fada.
Biyayya ga Ben Zamoum
Daga nan ne kabilun Mitidja da Kabylia suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar yin mubaya'a ga Sheikh ben Zamoum a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin 1830 inda aka shelanta shi a matsayin shugaban gwagwarmayar fitina da sojojin Faransa.
Don haka, daga 2 ga Satumba 1830, Shaikh ya kara zafafa kai hare-hare kan sojojin Faransa wanda sabon Janaral Bertrand Clauzel ya ba da umarni, wanda aka nada babban kwamandan askarawan tafiya don maye gurbin de Bourmont.
Yakin Blida Na Biyu
A lokacin da 18 ga Nuwamba 1830, rukuni na biyu na sojojin Faransa dubu bakwai suka mamaye garin Blida, kuma suka same ta kusan ba kowa saboda yawancin mutanen sun gudu zuwa dutsen Chréa bisa umarnin Sheikh ben Zamoum.
Amma yayin da gungun Kanar Rulhière ke kan hanya zuwa Médéa bayan sun mallaki Blida, Shehun ya aika da wata tawaga ta Kabyles daga kabilar Flissas karkashin jagorancin dansa Hocine ben Zamoum don hada Faransawa a Mitidja.
Bayan da Hocine ben Zamoum ya sami labarin mamayar garin Blida da sojojin Faransa suka yi, ya kirayi masu karfafa gwiwa na Kabyle daga Khachna, da Col des Beni Aïcha, da Beni Moussa da Beni Misra don yin maci da garin Blida domin kwato ta.
Juriya na Kabylia
A tsawon shekaru bakwai wanda zai biyo bayan kawancen tsakanin Kabylia da jihar Abdelkader har zuwa shekarar 1843, yaƙe-yaƙe da dama sun gwabza da masu aminci na Sheikh ben Zamoum da sojojin Faransa a cikin tsaunuka da filayen gabas daga Algiers.
Sarki Mustapha ne sannan ya fara kai wa Turawan mulkin mallaka na Mitidja hari a lokacin harin farko a Reghaïa a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1837, kuma wannan shi ne yadda aka ƙone Col des Beni Aïcha da filin Issers har zuwa inda aka kewaye shi. birnin Dellys.
Mutuwa
Mohamed ben Zamoum ya mutu a shekara ta 1843 a yankin Boghni a Kabylia yana da shekara 48 bayan shekaru goma sha uku na juriya da mamayar Faransa a kan Algeria.
Rano
Rano karamar hukuma ce kuma hedikwatar masarautar Rano a jihar Kano, Najeriya. mai hedikwatar gudanarwa a cikin garin Rano. Karamar hukumar Rano al'ummar Hausa-Fulani ce dake yankin kudancin jihar Kano wadda aka fi sani da Sanatan Kano ta Kudu tare da Albasu, Bebeji, Bunkure, Doguwa, Gaya, Kiru, Takai, Ajingi, Rogo, Kibiya, Tudun Wada, Garko., Wudil da kuma kananan hukumomin Sumaila. Karamar hukumar Rano kuma ta kafa mazabar tarayya tare da kananan hukumomin Bunkure da Kibiya. Yana da yanki 520 km2 da yawan jama'a 145,439 a ƙidayar 2006. Karamar hukumar tana iyaka da arewa da kananan hukumomin Garun Mallam da Bunkure, daga gabas da karamar hukumar Kibiya, daga kudu kuma karamar hukumar Tudun Wada, daga yamma kuma karamar hukumar Bebeji. Karamar hukumar Rano ita ce ke kula da harkokin gwamnati a karamar hukumar Rano. Majalisar tana karkashin jagorancin shugaba ne wanda shine shugaban zartarwa na karamar hukumar. Majalisar dokokin Rano ta kafa dokoki da ke tafiyar da karamar hukumar Rano. Ya kunshi Kansiloli 10 da ke wakiltar unguwanni 10 na karamar hukumar.
Gundumomi 10 da ke karamar hukumar Rano su ne: Dawaki, Lausu, Madachi, Rano, Rurum Sabon Gari, Rurum Tsohon Gari, Saji, Yalwa, Zinyau, Zurgu.
Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 710101.
Tarihi
Tarihin Rano ya samo asali ne tun da dadewa a matsayin daya daga cikin tsoffin mazauni a wannan yanki na Arewacin Najeriya, Masarautun sun fara ne tun shekaru 300 kafin Kiristanci. Jaruman Kwararrafa sun kafa masarautar a shekara ta 523 AD. Masarautar ta shaida sarakuna uku masu mulki kamar: - Kwararrafawa ta yi sarauta daga 523 AD zuwa 1001 AD, yayin da Habe ya yi mulki daga 1001 AD - 1819 AD, sannan masarautar Fulani ta yi mulki daga 1819 zuwa yau. A matsayinta na masarauta mai cin gashin kanta, sama da sarakuna 40 ne suka yi mulkin masarautar Rano kafin zuwan mulkin mallaka.
Iyakokin Masarautun Rano a zamanin da aka ambata a sama sune kamar haka:
Sarakuna
Ga jerin jerin sarakunan Kwararrafawa da Habe na Rano da shekarun da suka yi mulki a kasa:-
Daular Kwararrafawa
Daular Habe
Daular Fulani
Ketty Nivyabandi
Ketty Nivyabandi (an haife ta a shekara ta 1978) mawakiya ce 'yar ƙasar Burundi kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke zaman gudun hijira a Kanada.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Belgium kuma ta girma a Bujumbura, Burundi, inda kuma ta karanci dangantakar kasa da kasa kuma ta yi aikin jarida. Waƙarta ta harshen Faransanci ta fito a cikin mujallu na adabi irin su Adabin Duniya a Yau da Words Without Borders, da kuma a cikin tarihin tarihi da suka haɗa da We have crossed many rivers: New Poetry (2012) da  Margaret Busby New Daughter  (2019). A shekarar 2012 Nivyabandi ta wakilci Burundi a cikin waƙar London Parnassus a matsayin wani ɓangare na gasar Olympics ta bazara.
Nivyabandi ta zama mai fafutuka a lokacin rikicin tsarin mulkin Burundi na shekarar 2015. Ta jagoranci zanga-zangar mata kawai ta farko a Burundi kuma ta kasance memba a kungiyar mata da 'yan mata don zaman lafiya da tsaro a Burundi. An kuma tilasta mata barin kasar a lokacin da gwamnati ta kai mata hari. Ta ba da shaida a gaban komitin kare hakkin bil adama na kasa da kasa na majalisar dokokin kasar Canada kan take hakkin bil adama a kasar Burundi, kuma ta sha yin jawabi akai-akai kan hakkokin bil adama, musamman ‘yancin mata da illar rikice-rikice ga rayuwar mata. A shekarar 2016 an sanya ta a cikin Kate Schatz 's Rad Women Worldwide.
A shekarar 2017, Nivyabandi ta shiga cikin ma'aikatan Shirin Mata na Nobel a matsayin Abokin Watsa Labarai. A cikin watan Maris 2019 ta kasance mai magana a taron Geneva don 'yancin ɗan adam da dimokuradiyya. An nada ta a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Amnesty International Canada (Reshen Turanci) a cikin 2020, wacce ta gaji Alex Neve. A halin yanzu, Nivyabandi tana zaune kuma tana aiki a Ottawa, Kanada.
Bunkure
Bunkure karamar hukuma ce a jihar Kano, Najeriya. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Bunkure.
Yana da yanki 487 km2 da yawan jama'a 2 a ƙidayar shekarar 2006.
Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 710.
Manazarta
Tarihin Karamar Hukumar Bunkure Jihar Kano. Anan ainihin asalin tarihin yankin binciken. Ta kasance a kudancin kasa ta jihar Kano mai yawan jama'a sama da 284,251. hedkwatar karamar hukumar ta kasance a cikin garin Bunkure mai tazarar kilomita 45 a matsayin Kano tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i 4325, tana da iyaka da ita. a kudu karamar hukumar Rano, a karamar hukumar Kura ta arewa sai kuma karamar hukumar Dawakin Kudu ta gabas sai karamar hukumar Wudil da Garko yayin da a yamma tayi iyaka da karamar hukumar Garun-Malam. Tarihi da Al'adu
Karamar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a karkashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a karkashin ka’idojin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai su ne:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989-1999 2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002-2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau
Hakimin yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250, manyan kabilun da suka mamaye yankin su ne Fulani, yayin da aurensu da sauran al’adunsu ya ginu bisa tsarin Musulunci. Tunda a halin yanzu yankin yawancin 98% Musulmai ne a addini.
Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayayyaki masu amfani da tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na al'ummar kasa ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalan dillalai, direbobi.
Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, lokacin noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka masara, gero, masara, wake, wake, waken soya, rogo, da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noman tumatir, albasa, karas, kankana, cucumbers, kabeji, dankali da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure.
Khadija Arib
Khadija Arib (Larabci: خديجة عريب; (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan oktoba shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da dari tara da sittin (1960)) Miladiyya. 'yar siyasan Holland ce yar jam'iyyar Kwadago wanda take a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai ta Netherlands tun daga ranar 12 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2015.
An zabe ta bisa ƙa'idar aiki a ranar 13 gwatan a Janairu shekarar n 2016 amma ta riga ta yi aiki a matsayin Kakakin Majalisa tun murabus din Anouchka van Miltenburg a ranar 12 gwatan a Disamb shekarar a shekarar 2015. Arib ta zama yar majalisar wakilai ce bayan zaben gama-gari na Dutch na shekarar 1998 kuma an sake zabensa tun daga wannan lokacin, tare da wani takaddama mai tazara tsakanin shekarar 2006 da shekara ta 2007.
Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Khadija Arib a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1960 a Hedami kusa da Casablanca a Maroko. Ta zo Netherlands lokacin da take shekara 15. Iyayenta yi aiki a wata wanki a Schiedam.
Kafin ta shiga aikin siyasa, ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, malama kuma ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa.
Taura
Taura shuka ne.
Khadija Arib
Siyasa
Arib memba ce ta Jam'iyyar Kwadago ( Partij van de Arbeid, PvdA) kuma 'yar majalisa daga ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1998 zuwa ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2006 kuma tun daga ranar 1 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2007.
A majalisar, ta mai da hankali kan lamurran wariyar launin fata, wariya, cin zarafi, rikicin cikin gida da kula da matasa. An zarge ta da mummunan zargi (mafi yawan membobin forungiyar 'Yanci ) saboda herancinta biyu da kuma ɓangarenta a cikin kwamitin ba da shawara ga Sarkin Morocco. A shekarar 2012, ta yi yunƙurin rashin nasara don ta zama Kakakin Majalisa kuma ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa na farko a maimakon haka. An zabe ta a matsayin kakakin majalisar a wani zaben na wucin gadi a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2016, inda ta kayar da sauran 'yan takara uku. A ranar 29 watan Maris shekara ta 2017 aka sake zaben Arib a matsayin kakakin majalisar, ita kadai ce mai neman mukamin.
Bayan zabukan shekarar 2017, Arib ta zabi Edith Schippers a matsayin mai ba da labari, wanda aikin sa shi ne gano yiwuwar kawance tsakanin gwamnatoci. Bayan murabus din Schippers ya yi murabus, Arib mai suna Tjeenk Willink da Gerrit Zalm don neman mukamin.
Matsayin siyasa
A cikin aikinta, Arib ta kasance zakara ga 'yancin mata da karfafawa mata da asalin baƙi a Netherlands; ta kasance memba ce ta farko kuma shugabar kungiyar Matan Morocco a cikin Gidauniyar Netherlands. A shekara ta 1989, an tsare ta a kurkuku tare da 'ya'yanta 3, bayan da ta yi jawabi ga jama'a game da matsayin mata a cikin al'ummar Morocco. Bayan sa hannun Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Netherlands, ta ba ta damar komawa Netherlands.
Lydia May Ames
Lydia May Ames (1863 - Oktoba 1, 1946) yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurkiya ce daga Cleveland, Ohio. Ta ƙware a kan ƙanana-ƙananan zanen mai, kuma tana cikin ƴan wasan fasaha na farko na Cleveland ban da kasancewarta 'ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ames a Cleveland a cikin shekara ta 1863, a cikin wajen da yake a lokacin Newburgh, ga mai ba da sabis na rayuwa mai suna Ashley Ames. Tana da ’yar’uwa ɗaya, wadda ta zama ma’aikaciyar ɗakin karatu a Cleveland. Aikinta na zane ya fara tun kusan shekara ta 1885. A shekara ta 1900 ta sauke karatu daga Cleveland School of Art tare da zane-zanen hoto a matsayin abinda tafi ƙwarewa akai. Bayan kammala karatun ta, ta ci gaba da koyarwa a can har tsawon shekaru 27. Ta ci gaba da karatun zane-zane a Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa, ta buɗe nata studio art kuma ta ci gaba da ba da darussa. Aikinta na ƙarshe ya faru kusan a cikin 1940. Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, ta mutu a Cleveland a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, shekara ta 1946.
Salo
An santa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan mata na farko daga Cleveland, Ames' ta sami karɓuwa a ƙasar Amurka saboda ƙwaƙƙwaran zanen mai na shimfidar wurare. Waɗannan shimfidar wurare an yi su ne a matsayin ƙanana, samfurin ƙasa da girman katin waya. Banda ƙananan kayan mai ta kuma yi fenti. Yawancin lokacin aikinta ta yi amfani da shi a Cleveland, ko da yake ta yi balaguro don yin zane-zane zuwa New England da Bahar Rum.
Claudia Tagbo
Claudia Tagbo (an haife ta 14 Yunin 1973) ta kasance French-Ivoriya ce, yar shirin fim, mai wasan barkwanci kuma ma'aikataciyar telebiji
Lydia May Ames
Salo
A wasu lokuta Ames an dauke ta  a matsayin "mai zane ta farko na Cleveland". Batun da ta fi so shine Garfield Park a Cleveland, wanda ke kusa da gidanta a kan Miles Avenue.
A wani lokacin ɗaya a cikin aikin Ames, ita kaɗai ce mace memba a Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta New York.
Koyarwarta ta mayar da hankali kan ilmin jikin mutum da tarihin fasaha da ci gaba, wanda a ƙarshe ta zama ƙwararriyar masaniya.
Claudia Tagbo
Farkon rayuwa
Claudia Tagbo an haife ta ne a babban Birnin Abidjan, Ivory Coast a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da sabain da ukku (1973).
Lateef Jakande
Lateef Kayode Jakande, an haife shi ne a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1929. Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021. Ɗan jaridar Najeriya ne wanda ya zama gwamnan Jihar Legas a Najeriya daga shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983 sannan daga baya ya zama Ministan Ayyuka a zamanin mulkin soja na Sani Abacha shekarar 1993 zuwa 1998, Ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2021. Ya rayu tsawon shekaru 91.
Tasowa
An haifi Lateef Kayode Jakande a yankin Epetedo na tsibirin Lagos, jihar Legas a ranar 29, ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1929 duka iyayensa sun fito ne daga Omu-Aran, jihar Kwara. Yayi karatu a makarantar gwamnati ta Legas a Enu-Owa a Lagos Island, sannan yayi karatu a Makarantar Bunham Memorial Methodist School, a patakol daga shekarar 1934 zuwa 1943, bayan nan ya tafi makarantar King's College, a Legas a shekara ta 1943, sannan ya shiga makarantar Ilesha Grammar School a shekara ta 1945, inda ya shirya wata takarda ta adabi mai suna The Quarterly Mirror.
A shekara ta 1949, Jakande ya fara aikin jarida da farko tare da Daily Service sannan a shekara ta 1953, ya shiga jaridar Nigerian Tribune. A shekara ta 1956, Cif Obafemi Awolowo ya naɗa shi a matsayin babban editan jaridar Tribune.
Bayan barin Tribune a shekara ta alif 1975, Jakande ya kafa John West Publications kuma ya fara buga Labaran Legas. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na farko na ƙungiyar waɗanda suka mallaka Jaridu a Nijeriya (Newspaper Proprietors Association of Nigeria (NPAN) ).
Notre-Dame de Paris
Notre-Dame de Paris (IPAc-en|ˌ|nɒtrə_|ˈdɑːm|,_|ˌ|noʊtrə|_|ˈ|deɪm|,_|ˌ|noʊtrə|_|ˈ|dɑːm);  IPA-fr|nɔtʁə dam də paʁi|lang|Cathedrale de Nothre Dame; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), anfi saninsa da Notre-Dame,sunan Notre Dame, nada ma'anar "Our Lady" anfi amfani dashi a names of churches wadanda suka hada da cathedral din Chartres, Rheims da Rouen. wani medieval Catholic cathedral dake a Île de la Cité a 4th arrondissement na birnin Paris, France. The cathedral is consecrated to the Virgin Mary kuma ana ganinsa daga cikin mafi kyawun misali na French Gothic architecture. Its innovative use of the rib vault da flying buttress, its enormous and colourful rose windows, da kuma naturalism da mafi yawan sculptural decoration dinsa yasa ya banbanta da irin Romanesque style na da.
Jamie Annerson
Jamie Annerson (an haife shi a shekara ta 1988) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Notre-Dame de Paris
Anfara ginin cathedral din a 1160 ƙarƙashin Bishop Maurice de Sully amma an kammala gininsa suka a 1260,amma akan masa gyare-gyare akai akai cikin karnonin da suka biyo baya. A shekarar 1790s, Notre-Dame ta fuskanci desecration yayin French Revolution; inda yawan cin hotunan addinin dake nan aka salhuntar dasu.A 1804, cathedral yazama nan ne akayi Coronation of Napoleon I amatsayin Emperor of France, da kuma yiwa Henri, Count of Chambord wannan tsarki a 1821, harwayau a nan ne aka yi jana'izar shugaban Third French Republic.
Lateef Jakande
Gwamnan jihar Legas
Encouraged by Awolowo, he ran for election as executive governor of Lagos State in( 1979), on the Unity Party of Nigeria platform. He defeated his opponents, Adeniran Ogunsanya of Nigerian People's Party (NPP) and Sultan Ladega Adeniji Adele of National Party of Nigeria with a total of( 559,070 ), votes and was subsequently sworn in as governor. His administration was effective and open and implemented the cardinal policies of his party. He introduced housing and educational programs targeting the poor, building new neighbourhood primary and secondary schools and providing free primary and secondary education. He gave poor people's children education and many of them are now very prominent in the society today. He established the Lagos State University and the Nigerian Institute of Journalism, Lagos' house is named after the former governor. Jakande's government constructed over( 30,000) housing units. The schools and housing units were built. Some of the housing units include low cost estates at Amuwo-Odofin, Ijaiye, Dolphin, Oke-Afa, Ije, Abesan, Iponri, Ipaja, Abule Nla, Epe, Anikantamo, Surulere, Iba, Ikorodu, Badagry. To fund some of the projects, Jakande increased the tenement rates and price of plots of land in affluent areas of Victoria Island and Lekki Peninsula and the processing fees for lottery, pools and gaming licenses. He also completed the construction of the General Hospital in Gbagada and Ikorodu and built about (20), health centres within the state. As a governor, he established( 23), local government councils which were later disbanded by the military. He also started a metroline project to facilitate mass transit. The project was halted and his tenure as Governor ended when the military seized power on (31) December (1983).
Aiki
Bayan mamayar sojoji a shekara ta 1983, an tuhumi Jakande, an gurfanar dashi kuma an yanke masa hukuncin cin amana, koda yake daga baya an yi masa afuwa. Bayan an sake shi, ya karɓi mukamin ministan ayyuka a ƙarƙashin mulkin soja na Sani Abacha, wanda hakan ya sanya wasu sukarsa. Ya yi ikirarin cewa ya karɓi mukamin ne daga matsin lamba daga MKO Abiola da sauran shugabannin ci gaba. A wata hira da aka yi dashi daga baya, ya ce bai yi nadama ba game da shawarar da ya yanke na yin hidimar. Duk da haka, tarayyarsa da Abacha ya nakasa aikinsa a siyasa bayan dawo da mulkin dimokiradiyya a shekara ta 1999.
Alhaji Lateef Kayode Jakande ya zama babban mamba a jam’iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) lokacin da UNPP da All People Party (APP) suka dunƙule. A watan Yuni a shekara ta 2002, wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar ANPP mai biyayya ga Cif [[Lanre Razaq] ya "dakatar da shi". Jakande shi ne shugaban farko na jam'iyyar Action Party of Nigeria (APN) lokacin da aka kafa ta a watan Nuwamba a shekara ta  2006, A watan Mayun a shekara ta 2009 an bada rahoton yana gwagwarmaya don mallakar jam’iyyar tare da tsohon abokinsa, Dr. Adegbola Dominic.
Manyan mutane da dama sun halarci bikin cikarsa shekaru 75 da haihuwa. A wajen wannan taron, tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Legas Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya ce Jakande ya cancanci a yaba masa bisa irin sadaukarwar da ya yi wajen yi wa gwamnati hidima. Haka shima Tsohon Jihar Imo Gwamna Achike Udenwa ya ce rayuwar Jakande da zamaninsa sun haɗa da '' juriya, jajircewa, jarumtaka, da kuma gwaninta gamida yin fice.
Rayuwa da mutuwa
Jakande ya mutu a Legas a ranar 11, ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021. An tsinci gawar sa a maƙabartar Vaults and Gardens Cemetery, Ikoyi, jihar Legas a ranar Juma'a karfe goma sha biyu (12), a shekara ta (2021) a ƙarƙashin bin ka'idojin COVID-19.
Muhammadu Inuwa
Muhammadu Inuwa, wanda wani lokaci ake kira da Inuwa dan Madacci, wani shahararren barawo ne wanda yayi kaurin suna dalilin labarin artabunsa da Tsohon Tudu a cikin wakar Gambo Jega.
Bayan fage
Mutane da dama suna ganin cewa labarin Muhammadu Inuwa na cikin wakar Gambo Jega shafa-labari-shuni ne kawai, amma wadansu kuma sun yarda da labarin a matsayin labari ne gaskiya.
Abel Chimukoko
Abel Chimukoko (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, 1972 a Mutoko, Mashonaland Gabas) ɗan tseren nesa ne (long-distance runner) na Zimbabwe. Ya fafata wa kasarsa ta haihuwa a gasar Olympics ta bazara a shekara ta 2004 a Athens, kasar Girka, inda ya kare a matsayi na 48 (2:22:09) a tseren gudun marathon na maza. Mafi kyawun lokacin sa shine 2:15:29 hours, wanda aka samu a cikin shekarar 2003.
Jermaine Anderson
Jermaine Anderson shahararren ɗan'wasan ƙwallon ƙafan ƙasar Ingila ne.
Fathia Absie
Fathia Absie ( Somali , Arabic   ) marubuciya ce, furodusa yar kasar Amurka, dan shirya fim, kuma dan fim. Ta yi aiki tare da dukkanin bayanan tarihin, da kuma labaran tatsuniyoyi, kuma ta wallafa wani littafi mai suna mai taken, The Imperceptible Peace Maker. Fathia ita ce wadda ta kirkiro shirin cin abinci tare da Musulmai, aikin da aka tsara don hada Musulmi da wadanda ba Musulmi ba a kan abincin dare da labarai a cikin fatan gina gadoji tsakanin makwabta da al'ummomin addinai da al'adu daban daban.
Ayyuka
Absie ta koma Minnesota a kusa da 2010 kuma ya kasance ma'aikacin jin daɗi ne. Ta yi aiki ga kungiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Iyali ta Ohio a Columbus, Ohio, Jami'ar Washington a Seattle, da Muryar Amurka a Washington DC. Absie tauraruwa ce a nata fim, Thé Lobi, game da dangantaka tsakanin wani Bature da wata mace ƴar Amurka-Somaliya. A cikin 2013, ta shiga ECHO, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a Minnesota wacce ke hidimtawa al'ummomin baƙi.
A shekarar 2011, Absie ta fitar da fim dinta na farko mai suna, Broken Dreams, shirin shirin da ya binciki yadda kungiyar masu kaifin kishin addini ke daukar matasa 'yan Somaliya a Minnesota. Shari'ar ta kawo hankalin da gwamnatin Amurka ba ta so ba ga jama'ar Somaliya a Minnesota da kuma duk fadin kasar. Biyo bayan bacewar samarin Somaliyan, FBI ta kaddamar da bincike mafi girma kan Amurka game da ta'addanci tun bayan bala'in 9/11. A cikin 2014, Absie ya wallafa wani littafi mai suna, The Emperceptible Peacemaker, ta hanyar CreateSpace, sabis na buga kai mallakin Amazon. Misali na adalci na 'yan banga, fitaccen jarumi, da kuma hamshakin attajiri ya kirkiro kara wanda ya bashi ikon zama wani karfi da ba a iya ganinsa na alheri, yana fada da zalunci da rashin adalci a duniya. Ms. Absie ta kuma yi aiki tare da Twin Cities PBS inda ta dauki bakuncin shirye-shirye da dama da kuma shirin fim din, Godiya! 2016 Fathia Absie fim ne na Wasan kwaikwayo wanda Musa Syeed ya jagoranta · Game da wani matashi Musulmi ɗan gudun hijira a Minneapolis ya tsallaka hanyoyin da ɓataccen kare. Absie ta bugawa mahaifiyar Barkhad Abdirahman. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5447852/
A shekarar 2015, Absie ta saki ta biyu fim, da almara labari The haraba, wanda ta alamar tauraro a kazalika rubuta da kuma directed. Ta fara ne a Minneapolis – Saint Paul International Film Festival a watan Afrilu na shekara. Wannan kirkirarren labari ne game da alakar da ke tsakanin wani Bature da wata Ba-Amurke mace. Nuwamba Nuwamba 2017, Absie ta sake haɗuwa da Barkhad Abdirahman, a wannan lokacin suna wasa shi da mahaifiyar Faysal Ahmed a fim ɗin Eric Tretbar, “Personan Mutum na Farko” Wani zamani mai suna Romeo da Juliet, wanda ke tare da Faysal Ahmed da Broadway mai girma, Pearce Bunting da sauransu. Absie ya fara gabatar da wani labari wanda ake kira "Inabi Na Sama" Wata mata Ba'amurkiya Ba'amurke mai baƙin ciki da marubuta da ta ziyarci ƙaramin garin da ke gabar teku na Berbera, Somaliland inda wani shahararren mawaƙin Somaliya mai suna Bodheri ya mutu saboda karyayyar zuciya a cikin shekarun 1930.
Paramaribo
Paramaribo (lafazi : /paramaribo/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Suriname. Shi ne babban birnin ƙasar Suriname. Paramaribo yana da yawan jama'a 240,924, bisa ga jimillar 2012. An gina birnin Paramaribo a tsakiyar karni na sha bakwai.
Mussulo
Mussulo (Harshen Fotigal: Ilha do Mussulo) yanki ne na gari kuma na gari, tare da yawan jama'a 7,798 (2014), wanda ke kudu da Luanda, Angola. Yana daga cikin gundumar Belas, lardin Luanda. Haƙiƙa tofa ne wanda aka ƙirƙira ta taɓo daga Kogin Cuanza, ya ƙaura zuwa arewa ta Benguela Current. Tsawonsa yakai kusan kilomita 30, mafi akasari kilomita 3, kuma a mafi kankancin sassan kudu na yankin teku, kasa da mita 100.
Mussulo yana da nasaba da sauka a Ponta das Palmeirinhas, mafi gefen yamma na lardin Luanda.
Yankin teku yana samar da mashigar ruwa ta Mussulo tare da tsibirai guda uku a ciki.
Mussulo bakin teku ne da ya fi so ga Ludawa tare da bukkoki da gidajen abinci a bakin rairayin bakin teku da ke fuskantar ƙasar. Ba a iya ziyartar bakin teku na waje zuwa Tekun Atlantika saboda karfin teku mai ƙarfi da raƙuman ruwa masu yawa.
Sashin Gudanarwa
Commungiyar Mussulo ta ƙunshi unguwanni shida kamar haka:
Nancy Shukri
Nancy binti Shukri (Jawi; an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1961) 'yar siyasar Malaysia ce daga jam'iyyar Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB), wata jam'iyya ce ta Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS). Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Mata, Iyali da Ci gaban Al'umma a cikin gwamnatin Pakatan Harapan (PH) a karkashin Firayim Minista Anwar Ibrahim tun watan Disamba na 2022 kuma memba na Majalisar (MP) na Santubong tun watan Nuwamba 2022. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu a karo na biyu a cikin gwamnatin Barisan Nasional (BN) a karkashin tsohon Firayim Minista Ismail Sabri Yaakob daga watan Agusta 2021 zuwa faduwar gwamnatin BN a watan Nuwamba 2022 da kuma wa'adinta na farko a cikin gwamnatin Perikatan Nasional (PN) a karkashin tsohuwar Firayim Ministan Muhyiddin Yassin daga watan Maris 2020 zuwa Agusta 2021 da kuma MP na Batang Sadong daga watan Maris 2008 zuwa Nuwamba 2022. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Minista a Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista da Ministan Masana'antu da Kasuwanci a cikin gwamnatin BN a karkashin tsohon Firayim Ministan Najib Razak daga Mayu 2013 zuwa Mayu 2018.
Ayyukan siyasa
An zabi Nancy a majalisar dokoki a babban zaben Malaysia na 2008 don kujerar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta karkara ta Batang Sadong, a kudancin jihar Sarawak.
Bayan nasarar kare kujerarta a babban zaben Malaysia na 2013, an nada Nancy a matsayin Minista a Sashen Firayim Minista a cikin sabon majalisar ministocin Malaysia wanda Firayim Ministan Malaysia na lokacin, Najib Razak ya sanar.
Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Nancy a ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1961 a Kuching, Sarawak ga Bibi McPherson da Shukri Mahidi. Tana da asalin Malay da Melanau a gefen mahaifinta yayin da mahaifiyarta ke da asalin Scotland, Iban da Sinanci. Ta yi aure tare da yara uku kuma a halin yanzu tana zaune a Kuching, Sarawak. Nancy ita ce ta goma cikin 'yan uwa goma sha ɗaya.
Wuce gona da Iri
Wuce gona da iri, wanda kuma ake kira overharvesting , yana nufin girbi albarkatun da za'a iya sabuntawa. Cigaba da yin amfani da shi zai iya haifar da lalata albarkatun. Kalmar ta shafi albarkatun kasa kamar: tsire-tsire na magani na daji, wuraren kiwo, dabbobin nama, kifin kifi, dazuzzuka, da magudanan ruwa.
A cikin ilimin halittu, wuce gona da iri yana kwatanta ɗayan manyan ayyuka biyar da ke barazana ga bambancin halittun duniya. Masanan ilimin halittu suna amfani da kalmar don bayyana yawan al'ummar da aka girbe bisa ƙima, idan aka yi la'akari da adadin mace-macen su na halitta da kuma damar haifuwa. Wannan na iya haifar da ɓacewa a matakin yawan jama'a har ma da bacewar dukkanin nau'ikan. A cikin ilimin halitta na kiyayewa, yawanci ana amfani da kalmar a cikin mahallin ayyukan tattalin arzikin ɗan adam wanda ya haɗa da ɗaukar albarkatun halittu, ko kwayoyin halitta, cikin adadi mai yawa fiye da yadda al'ummarsu za su iya jurewa. Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar da ma'anar ta ɗan bambanta a cikin kamun kifi, ilimin ruwa da sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa.
Yin amfani da wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da lalata albarkatun ƙasa, gami da ɓarna. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa kuma yin amfani da wuce gona da iri ya kasance mai dorewa, kamar yadda aka tattauna a kasa a sashin kifaye. A cikin mahallin kamun kifi, ana iya amfani da kalmar kifin fiye da kifaye maimakon amfani da yawa, kamar yadda za a iya wuce gona da iri a cikin sarrafa hannun jari, wuce gona da iri a kula da gandun daji, wuce gona da iri a kula da ruwa, da kuma haɗarin nau'ikan sa ido kan nau'ikan. Yin amfani da wuce gona da iri ba aiki ne da aka keɓe ga ɗan adam ba. Gabatar da mafarauta da namun daji, alal misali, na iya wuce gona da iri ga flora da fauna na asali.
Tarihi
Damuwa game da wuce gona da iri na baya-bayan nan, kodayake yawan amfani da kansa ba sabon abu bane. An lura da shi tsawon shekaru dubu. Misali, rigar biki da sarakunan Hawai suka sanya daga tsuntsun mamo; alkyabba daya ya yi amfani da gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsaye 70,000 na wannan nau'in da ya mutu a yanzu. Dodo, tsuntsu mai tashi daga Mauritius, wani sanannen misali ne na wuce gona da iri. Kamar yadda yake da nau'ikan tsibirai da yawa, ya kasance butulci ne game da wasu mafarauta, suna barin mutane su kusanci su kashe shi cikin sauƙi.
Tun daga farko-farko, farauta ya kasance muhimmin aikin ɗan adam a matsayin hanyar tsira. Akwai cikakken tarihin wuce gona da iri ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Hasashen da ya wuce kima (abubuwan da suka faru na Quaternary extinction) sun bayyana dalilin da yasa bacewar megafaunal ya faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ana iya samun wannan zuwa ƙauran ɗan adam. Shaidar da ta fi dacewa da wannan ƙa'idar ita ce, kashi 80 cikin 100 na manyan nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa a Arewacin Amurka sun bace a cikin shekaru 1000 na zuwan mutane a nahiyoyin yammacin duniya. Bacewa mafi sauri da aka taɓa yi na megafauna ya faru ne a New Zealand, inda a shekara ta 1500 AD, shekaru 200 kacal bayan daidaita tsibiran, Māori suka fara farautar nau'ikan manyan tsuntsayen moa guda goma don ɓacewa. Guguwar rugujewa ta biyu ta faru daga baya tare da zama na Turai.
A cikin ƴan lokutan baya-bayan nan, wuce gona da iri ya haifar da fitowar hankali na ra'ayoyin dorewa da ci gaba mai dorewa, wanda ya gina kan wasu ra'ayoyi, irin su ci gaba mai ɗorewa, haɓakar yanayi, da kuma zurfin ilimin halittu.
Bayanin
Yin amfani da yawa ba dole ba ne ya kai ga lalata albarkatun, kuma ba lallai ba ne ya zama rashin dorewa. Koyaya, rage lambobi ko adadin albarkatun na iya canza ingancin sa. Misali, dabino na ƙafar ƙafa itace dabinon daji da ake samu a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ana amfani da ganyen sa don tsutsawa da nade abinci, kuma girbi fiye da kima ya sa girman ganyen ya zama ƙarami.
Bala'in gama gari
A cikin 1968, Mujallar Kimiyya ta buga labarin Garrett Hardin mai suna "Masifu na Jama'a". Ya dogara ne akan misalin da William Forster Lloyd ya buga a shekara ta 1833 don bayyana yadda mutane da ba su da laifi suna yin abin da suke so ba tare da wani laifi ba za su iya wuce gona da iri da lalata, albarkatun da duk suke rabawa. Lloyd ya bayyana sauƙaƙan yanayin hasashe dangane da zaman ƙasa na tsakiyar zamanai a Turai. Makiyaya suna raba kasa daya wanda kowannensu ke da haƙƙin yin kiwo a kai. A kasidar Hardin dai, yana daga cikin maslahar kowane makiyayi ya yi kiwo kowace sabuwar saniya da makiyayan ya samu a kasa ta gari, ko da kuwa an wuce gona da iri, wanda hakan ke lalata na kowa da kowa. Makiyayi mai son kansa yana samun duk fa'idodin samun ƙarin saniya, yayin da duk makiyayan ke raba lahani ga kowa. Duk da haka, duk makiyayan sun yanke shawara iri ɗaya na sayen ƙarin shanu da kuma kiwon su a kan na kowa, wanda a ƙarshe ya lalata na kowa. Hardin ya kammala:"A cikinta akwai musiba. Kowane mutum yana kulle a cikin tsarin da zai tilasta masa ya kara yawan garke ba tare da iyaka ba - a cikin duniyar da ke da iyaka. Lalacewa ita ce alkiblar da dukkan mazaje ke garzayawa zuwa gare su, kowa ya bi son ransa ga al'ummar da ta yi imani da ƴancin al'umma. Ƴanci a cikin gama gari yana kawo lalacewa ga kowa."A cikin muqalarsa, Hardin ya haɓaka jigon, yana zana misalai da yawa na gama gari na ƙarshe, kamar wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, yanayi, tekuna, koguna da kifin kifi. Misalin kifin ya sa wasu suka kira wannan "mummunan masunta". Babban jigon da ke gudana a cikin maƙala shi ne haɓakar al'ummar ɗan adam, tare da ƙarancin albarkatu na duniya gabaɗaya.
Bala'i na gama-gari yana da tushen hankali tun daga Aristotle, wanda ya lura cewa "abin da ya fi dacewa da mafi girma yana da ƙarancin kulawa da aka ba shi", da kuma Hobbes da Leviathan. Sabanin yanayi zuwa bala'i na gama gari wani lokaci ana kiransa bala'i na anticommons : yanayin da mutane masu hankali, suna aiki daban, tare tare da bata albarkatu da aka bayar ta hanyar rashin amfani da shi.
Kiwon Kifi
Ana iya guje wa bala'in gama gari idan an daidaita shi yadda ya kamata. An yi kuskuren fahimtar amfani da Hardin na "commons" akai-akai, wanda hakan ya sa Hardin ya yi magana daga baya cewa ya kamata ya ba da taken aikinsa "Masifu na gama-gari marasa tsari". A cikin kifin daji, yin amfani da kifin da yawa ko kifin na faruwa ne lokacin da aka kifaye kifin "a ƙasa da girman da, a matsakaita, zai goyi bayan dogon lokaci mai ɗorewa da yawan amfanin kifin". Koyaya, wuce gona da iri na iya zama mai ɗorewa.
Lokacin da kamun kifi ya fara girbin kifi daga wani abin da ba a yi amfani da shi a baya ba, yanayin kifin zai ragu, tunda girbi yana nufin ana cire kifi. Domin dorewar, adadin da kifin ya cika biomass ta hanyar haifuwa dole ne ya daidaita adadin da ake girbe kifin. Idan yawan girbi ya karu, to, hajojin da aka samu zai kara raguwa. A wani lokaci, za a kai ga yawan amfanin gonar da za a iya dawwama, kuma yunƙurin ƙara yawan girbin zai haifar da rushewar kamun kifi. Ana kiran wannan batu matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa mai ɗorewa, kuma a aikace, yawanci yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka kamun kifi zuwa kusan kashi 30 cikin ɗari na halittun da ake samu kafin girbi.
Zai yiwu a kifaye haja zuwa gaba, a ce, kashi 15% na abubuwan da aka girbe kafin girbi, sannan a daidaita yawan girbi don haka ƙwayoyin halitta ya kasance a wannan matakin. A wannan yanayin, kamun kifi yana dawwama, amma yanzu an yi amfani da shi sosai, saboda an yi amfani da haja zuwa matakin da yawan amfanin gona mai ɗorewa ya yi ƙasa da yadda zai iya zama.
An ce hannun jarin kifin yana “rushewa” idan kwayoyin halittarsu ya ragu da fiye da kashi 95 cikin 100 na mafi girman tarihin halittarsu. An yi amfani da hannun jarin kwafin Atlantika sosai a cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980, wanda ya kai ga rugujewarsu ba zato ba tsammani a 1992. Duk da cewa an daina kamun kifi, kwad din ya kasa farfadowa. Rashin kodin a matsayin babban mafarauci a yankuna da yawa ya haifar da rugujewar yanayi.
Kimanin kashi 25 cikin 100 na kamun kifi a duniya yanzu ana amfani da su fiye da kima har ta kai matsayin da suke da shi a halin yanzu bai kai matakin da ke haɓaka yawan amfanin da suke samu ba. Waɗannan ƙarancin kamun kifi na iya murmurewa sau da yawa idan an rage matsin kamun kifi har sai hajojin hajoji ya dawo ga mafi kyawun halitta. A wannan gaba, ana iya ci gaba da girbi kusa da matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona mai dorewa.
Za a iya guje wa bala'in gama-gari a cikin mahallin kamun kifi idan an daidaita yunƙurin kamun kifi da ayyuka yadda ya kamata ta hanyar sarrafa kamun kifi. Hanya ɗaya mai tasiri mai yiwuwa ita ce sanya wasu ma'auni na mallaka a cikin nau'in ƙididdiga na mutum ɗaya (ITQs) ga masunta. A cikin 2008, babban binciken kifin da ke amfani da ITQ, da waɗanda ba su yi amfani da su ba, sun ba da ƙwaƙƙwaran shaida cewa ITQs na taimakawa hana rushewa da dawo da kamun kifin da ya bayyana yana raguwa. A Rising Tide: Scientists find proof that privatising fishing stocks can avert a disaster The Economist, 18th Sept, 2008.
Albarkatun ruwa
Albarkatun ruwa, kamar tafkuna da magudanan ruwa, galibi albarkatu ne da za a iya sabunta su waɗanda a zahiri suke yin caji (kalmar burbushin ruwa wani lokaci ana amfani da shi don kwatanta magudanan ruwa waɗanda ba sa caji). Yin amfani da yawa yana faruwa idan an hako albarkatun ruwa, irin su Ogallala Aquifer, ko kuma an fitar da su a wani adadin da ya wuce adadin caji, wato, a wani adadin da ya zarce yawan amfanin da ake da shi. Yin caji yawanci yana zuwa daga rafukan yanki, koguna da tafkuna. Ruwan ruwa wanda aka yi amfani da shi da yawa ana cewa an yi shi fiye da kima ko kuma ya ƙare. Dazuzzukan suna haɓaka aikin ruwa na ruwa a wasu yankuna, kodayake gabaɗaya dazuzzuka sune tushen raguwar raƙuman ruwa. Ragewar magudanan ruwa na iya zama gurɓata da gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar su nitrates, ko kuma lalacewa ta dindindin ta hanyar tsira ko ta kutsawar saline daga teku.
Wannan yana juya yawancin ruwan karkashin kasa da tafkuna na duniya zuwa ga iyakataccen albarkatu tare da muhawarar amfani da kololuwa irin na mai.
Waɗannan muhawara galibi suna ta'allaka ne kan noma da amfani da ruwa na kewayen birni amma samar da wutar lantarki daga makamashin nukiliya ko ma'adinin kwal da kwalta shima yana da matukar tasiri akan albarkatun ruwa. Gyaran lanƙwan Hubbert ya shafi kowane albarkatun da za a iya girbe da sauri fiye da yadda za a iya maye gurbinsa. Ko da yake ainihin binciken Hubbert bai shafi albarkatun da ake sabunta su ba, yawan amfani da su na iya haifar da kololuwar Hubbert. Wannan ya haifar da tunanin kololuwar ruwa.
Albarkatun gandun daji
An yi amfani da gandun daji fiye da kima idan aka yi amfani da su cikin sauri fiye da yadda ake sake dazuzzuka. Gyaran gandun daji yana gogayya da sauran amfanin ƙasa kamar samar da abinci, kiwo, da wuraren zama don ƙarin haɓakar tattalin arziki. Yin amfani da dazuzzuka a tarihi, da suka hada da katako da itacen mai, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'ummomin bil'adama, kwatankwacin matsayin ruwa da filayen noma. A yau, ƙasashen da suka ci gaba suna ci gaba da yin amfani da katako don gina gidaje, da kuma katako na takarda. A ƙasashe masu tasowa kusan mutane biliyan uku sun dogara da itace don dumama da dafa abinci. Ribar tattalin arziki na ɗan gajeren lokaci da aka samu ta hanyar sauya gandun daji zuwa aikin noma, ko yawan amfani da kayan itace, yawanci yana haifar da asarar kuɗin shiga na dogon lokaci da haɓakar ilimin halitta na dogon lokaci. Yammacin Afirka, Madagascar, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da sauran yankuna da dama sun sami raguwar kudaden shiga saboda yawan amfani da kuma raguwar girbin katako.
Halittu
wuce gona da iri na ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazana ga bambancin halittu a duniya. Sauran barazanar sun hada da gurbatar yanayi, gabatarwa da nau'in cin zarafi, rarrabuwar kawuna, lalata muhalli, haɓakar yanayi ba tare da kulawa ba, canjin yanayi, acidification na teku da direban bayan yawancin waɗannan, yawan mutane.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman batutuwan kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da bambancin halittu shine gano magunguna da wadatar albarkatun magani. Matsakaicin adadin magunguna samfuran halitta ne waɗanda aka samo, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, daga tushen ilimin halitta. Tsarin muhalli na ruwa yana da sha'awa ta musamman akan wannan. Koyaya, rashin tsari da rashin dacewa bioprospecting na iya haifar da wuce gona da iri, lalata yanayin muhalli da asarar bambancin halittu.
Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari da batattu
Nau'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan fauna da flora suna fama da wuce gona da iri.
Duk rayayyun halittu suna buƙatar albarkatu don tsira. Yin amfani da waɗannan albarkatu fiye da kima na dogon lokaci na iya lalata haja na halitta har ta kai ga ba za su iya murmurewa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba. Ƴan Adam koyaushe suna girbe abinci da sauran albarkatun da suke buƙata don tsira. Yawan jama'a, a tarihi, ƙanana ne, kuma hanyoyin tattarawa sun iyakance ga ƙananan adadi. Tare da karuwa mai ma'ana a cikin yawan ɗan adam, faɗaɗa kasuwanni da haɓaka buƙatu, haɗe tare da ingantattun hanyoyin shiga da dabaru don kamawa, suna haifar da cin gajiyar nau'ikan nau'ikan da yawa fiye da matakan dorewa. A cikin sharuɗɗan aiki, idan aka ci gaba, yana rage albarkatu masu mahimmanci zuwa irin waɗannan ƙananan matakan cewa amfani da su ba ya dawwama kuma zai iya haifar da lalacewa na nau'in nau'in, ban da samun sakamako mai ban mamaki, wanda ba a yi tsammani ba, a kan yanayin muhalli. Yawan amfani da yawa yana faruwa da sauri yayin da kasuwanni ke buɗewa, suna amfani da albarkatun da ba a taɓa amfani da su a baya ba, ko nau'in da ake amfani da su a cikin gida. A yau, wuce gona da iri da yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa wata barazana ce da ta zama barazana ga wadatar nau'ikan. Wannan ya fi yaduwa idan aka kalli ilimin halittu na tsibirin da nau'in da ke zaune a cikin su, kamar yadda tsibiran za a iya kallon su a matsayin duniya a cikin ƙanƙanta. Yawan jama'ar tsibiri sun fi fuskantar halaka daga wuce gona da iri, saboda galibi suna wanzuwa a ƙananan yawa tare da rage yawan haihuwa. Kyakkyawan misali na wannan shine katantanwa na tsibirin, irin su Hawaiian Achatinella da Faransanci Polynesia Partula. Katantanwa na Achatineline suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 15 da aka jera a matsayin batattu da 24 da ke cikin haɗari yayin da nau'ikan partulidae 60 ana ɗaukar su bace tare da 14 da aka jera a matsayin masu haɗari. WCMC sun dangana tara sama da fadi da ƙarancin rayuwa don tsananin rauni da aka nuna a tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan.
A matsayin wani misali, lokacin da aka gabatar da bushiya mai ƙasƙantar da kai zuwa tsibirin Uist na Scotland, yawan jama'a ya faɗaɗa sosai kuma suka ɗauki cinyewa da yin amfani da ƙwai na bakin teku, tare da sakamako mai tsanani ga nasarar kiwo. An shafe nau'ikan avifauna goma sha biyu, yayin da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan an rage su da kashi 39%.
Inda akwai ƙaura na ɗan adam, tashin hankalin jama'a, ko yaƙi, ƙila ba za a iya samun iko ba. Tare da tashe-tashen hankula, alal misali a Kongo da Ruwanda, bindigogi sun zama ruwan dare gama gari kuma rugujewar hanyoyin rarraba abinci a irin waɗannan ƙasashe suna barin albarkatun muhalli cikin haɗari. Har ma ana kashe dabbobi a matsayin abin da aka yi niyya, ko kuma kawai don nuna adawa da gwamnati. Yawan jama'a na manyan primates, irin su gorillas da chimpanzees, ungulates da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, ana iya rage su da kashi 80 ko fiye ta hanyar farauta, kuma ana iya kawar da wasu nau'ikan gaba ɗaya. Ana kiran wannan raguwar rikicin nama.
Masu Ƙashin baya
Yin amfani da wuce gona da iri yana barazana da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kashin baya da ke cikin haɗari, da kuma sauran ƙungiyoyi. Ban da kifin da ake ci, cinikin namun daji ba bisa ƙa'ida ba yana da darajar dala biliyan 10 a kowace shekara. Masana'antun da ke da alhakin hakan sun haɗa da cinikin naman daji, da cinikin magunguna na kasar Sin, da kuma cinikin gashin gashi. An kafa Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin nau'ikan dabbobin daji da ke cikin haɗari, ko CITES don sarrafawa da daidaita cinikin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari. A halin yanzu tana ba da kariya, zuwa mataki daban-daban, wasu nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai 33,000. An yi kiyasin cewa ƙashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na kashin baya a cikin Amurka da rabin dabbobi masu shayarwa ana danganta su da wuce gona da iri.
Tsuntsaye
Gabaɗaya, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 50 waɗanda suka bace tun daga 1500 (kimanin 40% na jimillar) an yi amfani da su fiye da ƙima, gami da:
Tasirin Cascade
Yin amfani da nau'in fiye da kima na iya haifar da ƙwanƙwasa ko ɓarna. Wannan na iya aiki musamman idan, ta hanyar amfani da wuce gona da iri, wurin zama ya yi hasarar mafarauci koli. Saboda hasarar babban mafarauci, karuwa mai ban mamaki a cikin nau'in ganima na iya faruwa. Hakazalika, abin da ba a kula da shi ba zai iya yin amfani da albarkatun abincin nasu fiye da kima har sai yawan jama'a ya ragu, mai yiyuwa zuwa ga halaka.
Misali na yau da kullun na tasirin cascade ya faru tare da otters na teku. An fara kafin ƙarni na 17 kuma ba a daina ba har sai 1911, an fara farautar ƴan fashin teku don tsananin zafi da kima mai mahimmanci, wanda zai iya kaiwa $2500 US. Wannan ya haifar da tasiri ta hanyar yanayin yanayin dajin kelp tare da Tekun Pacific na Arewacin Amurka.
A shekara ta 1911, sa’ad da ƙaramin rukuni guda 32 ne kawai suka tsira a wani wuri mai nisa, an rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta ƙasa da ƙasa don hana ci gaba da yin amfani da tsaunukan teku. Ƙarƙashin kariya mai nauyi, otters sun ninka kuma sun sake mamaye wuraren da suka lalace, waɗanda sannu a hankali suka dawo. Kwanan nan, tare da raguwar kifin kifaye, kuma saboda yawan amfani da kifaye, kifayen kifaye sun fuskanci ƙarancin abinci kuma an lura da su suna ciyar da dodanni na teku, suna sake rage yawansu.
Najib Mikati
Najib Mikati Azmi ( نجيب عزمي ميقاتي  ; An haife shine ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba,shekarar 1955). ɗan siyasa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Lebanon wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Lebanon tun watan Satumban shekarar 2021, da kuma daga watan Yuni shekara ta 2011 zuwa watan Fabrairu,shekarar 2014 da kuma daga watan Afrilu zuwa watan Yuli shekarar 2005. Ya rike mukamin Ministan Ayyuka ne da Sufuri daga Disambar shekara ta 1998 zuwa shekara ta 2003.
Mikati yana da kusanci da gwamnatin Syria kuma yana gudanar da ayyukan sadarwa da dama a Syria da Lebanon.
A shekara ta 2005, ya jagoranci gwamnatin wucin gadi da ta sa ido a zaben gama gari bayan janyewar sojojin Syria. A cikin shekara ta 2011, ya kafa gwamnatinsa ta biyu wacce ke samun goyon bayan kawancen Maris 8, kafin ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2013. Ya kasance dan majalisar dokokin Tripoli daga 2000 zuwa 2005 kuma an sake zabe shi a 2009 da 2018. A cikin Yuli 2021, an nada shi a matsayin PM.
A cewar Forbes, shi ne mutum mafi arziki a Lebanon, yana da darajar dala biliyan 2.5 a cikin 2021. Ana tuhumar sa da cin hanci da rashawa da yawa, kuma an tuhume shi da cin hanci da rashawa.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Mikati a ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba 1955 kuma ya fito daga fitattun dangin musulmi 'yan Sunni da ke birnin Tripoli. Ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a Jami'ar Amurka ta Beirut a 1980 tare da yin digiri na biyu na Master of Business Administration (MBA). Ya kuma halarci shirin makarantar bazara da aka gudanar a Harvard da makarantar kasuwanci ta Faransa INSEAD.
Kasuwancin kasuwanci da wadata
A shekara ta 1979, yayan Najib Taha Mikati ya kafa kamfanin gine-gine na Arabiya (ACC), wanda ke da hedikwata a Abu Dhabi, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin gine-gine a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Najib Mikati ya kafa kamfanin sadarwa na Investcom tare da dan uwansa Taha a cikin 1982. Ya sayar da kamfanin a watan Yunin 2006 ga Kamfanin MTN na Afirka ta Kudu akan dala 5.5 biliyan. Taha da Najib Mikati sun riƙe sauran rukunin ayyukansu waɗanda ke sarrafa ta hannun kamfanin M1 Group.
Ya mallaki jirgin ruwan Mimtee mai tsawon mita 79.