cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Fatai Osho
Aikin gudanarwa
An naɗa Fatai Osho a matsayin kocin Remo Stars FC a shekarar 2018, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa gasar NPFL ta farko, amma ta samu koma baya bayan ta ƙare a ƙasan matsayi.
Osho jagoran Remo Stars ya koma NPFL nan da nan bayan ya shafe kaka ɗaya a NPFL, duk da haka ya yi murabus lokacin da Remo Stars ya naɗa tsohon Plateau Kennedy Boboye a matsayin mai ba da shawara na fasaha na Remo Stars   kuma ya shiga Enyimba fc. a matsayin mataimakin coah na jama'a giwa  .
Alvena
Alkaluma
A cikin kididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekarar 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Alvena yana da yawan jama'a 75 da ke zaune a cikin 34 daga cikin 52 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. 25% daga yawan 2016 na 60. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 0.43 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 174.4/km   a cikin 2021.
Fatai Osho
Aikin gudanarwa
An naɗa shi a matsayin kocin riƙo na Enyimba bayan korar Usman Abdallah.
Alvena
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a na 2016, ƙauyen Alvena ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 60 da ke zaune a cikin 32 daga cikin 46 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. 8.3% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 55. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 0.43 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 139.5/km   a cikin 2016.
Kasuwar Hannun Jari Ta Abuja
Kasuwar hada -hadar hannayen jari ta Abuja (ASE) Kasuwar an ka fata a shekarar 2000 kuma ta fara aiki a cikin shekarar 2001. Ita ce kasuwar musaya ta farko a Najeriya don samar da ciniki na lantarki, sharewa da Maɓalli ga manyan kasuwannin biyu da na sakandare.
Tarihi
An kafa ta ne don kasuwanci a cikin hannun jari, hannun jarin da ba a lissafa ba da kuma madaidaicin farashi.
Duk da haka, a halin yanzu ana kan ƙoƙarin juyar da abubuwan more rayuwa da ake da su zuwa canjin musayar kayayyaki da yawa.
James Obiorah
James Chibuzor Obiorah (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 1978) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya.
Aikin kulob
Ƙungiyoyin da ya gabata sun haɗa da RSC Anderlecht, Grasshopper Zurich, Cádiz CF, Grazer AK da Lokomotiv Moscow kuma an ba shi aro ga Niort daga Lokomotiv Moscow a kakar 2004-05, inda ya zira ƙwallaye 4 a wasanni 12. A shekara ta 2007, ya buga wasa a Kaduna United FC, bayan an sake shi daga kwantiraginsa da ƙungiyar Niort ta Faransa. A cikin watan Agustan 2008 ya koma SC Toulon daga Kaduna United FC.
Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa
Obiorah shi ne kyaftin ɗin tawagar Najeriya da ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 a shekarar 1995, sannan kuma ya buga wa tawagar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya wasa sau 3, ciki har da an kira shi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA na shekarar 2002, inda ya zira ƙwallo a raga. 1 burin.
Б
Б - Letter daga cikin Rasha haruffa.
Kolombiya
Kolombiya (lafazi: /kolombiya/) ko Kwalambiya ko Colombia (da harshen Hispaniya, da harshen Turanci), ƙasa ce da ke a nahiyar Amurka ta Kudu. Tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita araba'i 1,141,748. da yawan jama'a, kimanin, 49,100,000, bisa ga jimillar kidayar shekara ta 2017.
Kolombiya yana da iyaka da Panama, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil da kuma Ekweita.
Babban birnin Kolombiya shine Bogotá.
Kunrat Owolabi
Kubrat Owolabi ƴar wasan ƙwallon tebur ce ƴar Najeriya da Ingila>.
Gervais Waye-Hive
Gervais Waye-Hive (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Yunin 1988), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Seychellois wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba ga St Louis FC.
Manazarta
<references group="" responsive="1">
Gino Soupprayen
Gino Frederic Soupprayen Padiatty (an haife shi a (1973-01-03 ) ) ɗan ƙasar Mauritius mai wasan weightlifter ne, yana fafatawa a cikin nau'in kilogiram 56 kuma yana wakiltar Mauritius a gasa ta ƙasa da ƙasa. Ya halarci gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 1996 da kuma a gasar lokacin bazara ta shekarar 2000 a gasar kilogiram 56.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Gino Soupprayen Padiatty at Olympedia
Gino Soupprayen Padiatty at the Commonwealth Games Federation
Gino Soupprayen at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)
В
В - Letter daga cikin Rasha haruffa.
Modibo Adama
Adama ɓii Ardo Hassana (A shekarar 1786 - 1847), wanda a ka fi sani da Modibbo Adama, ya kasance malamin Bafulatani kuma mayaƙi mai karfi, wanda ya fito daga ƙabilar Ba'en na Fulbe. Ya jagoranci jihadi zuwa yankin Fombina (a cikin zamanin Kamaru da Najeriya), yana buɗe yankin don mulkin mallaka na Fulani. Sakamakon yaƙin da Adama ke yi kullum, Fulani a yau su ne kabilu mafi yawa a Arewacin Kamaru (a cikin sama da kashi 60% na duk yankin, wanda idan aka yi la’akari da cewa ba su fito daga yankin ba, abin birgewa ne),kuma musulunci shi ne mafi rinjayen addini. Yaƙe-yaƙe kuma sun tilastawa mutane da yawa hijira zuwa kudu yankin gandun daji.
Adama ya yi karatu a ƙasar Hausa kuma ya sami Laƙabin "Modibbo" (Wasiku Na Daya) don karatun sa. Bayan ya kammala karatun sa, ya koma gida Gurin kuma ya sami labarin jihadin da fasihin bafulatani Usman dan Fodio ya ayyana. Lokacin da ya raka wata tawaga domin kaiwa Usman ziyara, sai shugaban ya umarci Adama da ya fadada jihadi ta gabas a matsayin "Lamido Fombina" (Sarkin Kudu).
Adama ta tara dakaru kuma ta afkawa matsugunan Bata kusa da Gurin. Ya ƙwace ƙauyuka, kuma da yawan shugabannin gargajiya na Fulbe da sabbin sojoji sun zo gefen sa. Daga baya ya ɗauki Mandara, mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun tsari a yankin. Ya mamaye wasu ƙananan ƙauyuka kuma daga ƙarshe ya ci babban birnin Mandara, Dulo, cikin sauƙi. Yayin da mutanensa ke murna, sojojin Mandara sun yi wa garin dirar mikiya tare da ƙwato garin.
Duk da cewa ya ƙara yaƙin neman zyabe, amma a yanzu Adama ya kwashe tsawon lokacinsa a Yola, wanda ya zama babban birnin sa. Ya fara shirin ƙirƙirar tsarin mulkin sabuwar jiharsa, wacce ya sanya mata suna Adamawa da kansa. Adama ya mulki daular, wanda ke karkashin Usman dan Fodio kawai a Sakkwato. A ƙasansa akwai shugabannin manyan ƙauyuka, da aka sani da lamibe (mufuradi: lamido). Ƙauyen ya kafa ƙaramar ƙungiyar gwamnati.
Bayan rasuwar Adama a shekarar 1847, dansa Muhammadu Lawal ya zama Lamidon Adamawa. Masarautar ba za ta dawwama ba, duk da haka, yayin da yaƙe-yaƙe da mulkin mallaka suka lalata ƙasar Fulani mai cin gashin kanta. Yaƙin ya sami tasirin dogon lokaci, koda yake. Fulani sun zama manyan kabilu a yankin, kuma Musulunci shine babban addini. Makiyayan sun chanza filin don ya fi dacewa da kiwon shanu, abin da suke nema na farko.Jihadin ya kuma tura mutanen da ke zaune a Fadar Adamawa ta kudu zuwa cikin daji, abu mafi muhimmanci da ya shafi mutanen Kudancin Kamaru.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Adama ya fito ne daga dangi mai mutunci amma mai tawali'u; mahaifinsa, Hassana, ya mai kyau daukar masanin Musulunci da kuma ananan bafadan daga Ba'ajo. Adama ya yi tattaki zuwa Bornu don neman ilimi, inda ya zauna na wani lokaci ƙarƙashin kulawar Malam Kiari. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a kasar Hausa (Arewacin Najeriya ta zamani), in da labari ya ce malamin nasa Bafulatanin Shehu Usman dan Fodio ne a Degel. Adama ya tabbatar da fitaccen malami kuma Musulmi mai tsoron Allah, kuma ya sami taken Modibo, "Harafi Na Daya". Bayan wasu shekaru da yawa, ya koma gida Guringa a kusa da 1804. Can, labarin ya munana. Mahaifin Adama ya mutu a shekarar 1803 yana yakar Bata.
Jihadi
Tattaunawa a cikin Gurina ya shafi abubuwan da suka faru a ƙasar Hausa. Labari ya iso cewa Usman dan Fodio ya shelanta jihadi na fada a kan shugabannin Hausawa. Ya kafa kansa a Gudu sannan ya kayar da shugabannin da ba Fulani ba a Gobir da Kébbi. Yanzu haka Usman ya karkata akalarsa zuwa Bornu da kuma yankin kudu maso kudu na Fumbina (Arewacin Kamaru ta zamani).
Umarnin Adama
Duk da haka, hoton ba shi da tabbas ga shugabannin da ke nesa da fadan. Ya Usman a Mujaddid (kawo canji), ko ya ya da Mahadi, mai ceto adadi wanda zai haifar da wani manufa Musulmi al'umma? A cikin shekarar 1805 ko shekarar 1806, shugabannin Fulani a Guringa sun tara wakilai don su ziyarci Usman don ganowa. Sanannen sanannen mutuncin Adama da masaniya da ƙasar Hausa ya sa ya dace da aikin ta.
Jam’iyyar ta haɗu da Usman a shekarar 1806, watakila a Gwandu.A can,suka fahimci cewa nufinsa shi ne ya faɗaɗa jihadinsa zuwa gabas, zuwa Fumbina.Burin shine don musuluntar da mabiya addinin Kirdi daban-daban da kuma kare musulmin da suka riga suka rayu a yankin.Yakamata masu jihadi su ilmantar da musulmin yankin a halin yanzu, da yawa daga cikinsu sun hade Musulunci da maguzanci.
Kodayake ba mafi tsufa memba ba, Adama tana ɗaya daga cikin masu kishin ra'ayin Usman.Ta haka ne Usman ya ba shi umarni wanda zai sauya rayuwarsa sosai.Shehun ya baiwa Adama sa albarka sannan suka bashi tuta, alamar umarni a rundunar Usman. Daga nan sai Shehu ya tuhumi Adama da ta kawo jihadi zuwa Fumbina kuma daga Kogin Nilu zuwa Biyafara na Biafra. Adama ya kuma sami ikon rarraba tutocin umarni ga wasu,don haka ya kafa wasu cibiyoyi na Fulanin Islama tare da yada yaƙin zuwa nesa.
=== Gangamin farko === Nan take Adama ta fara ɗaukar Fulani da Hausawa ‘yan sa kai da sojojin haya. Waɗannan galibi mahaɗan dawakai ne da ke yaƙi da takobi, baka, da kibiya mai dafi. Adama ta hana su cin ganima ko kisan gilla ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, amma an bai wa al'umman abokan gaba zabi biyu: shiga Musulunci ko kuma zama kasar mai biyan haraji. Waɗannan ƙabilun da ba su da gwamnati mai mulki suna da ɗaya amma: zama bayin Fulani kuma sun koma zuwa ga imaninsu.
Musulmin da ba Fulanin Adamawa ba sun ƙi jihadin Adama;sun kalle shi a matsayin kawai wani uzuri don yaɗa mulkin Fulani. Koyaya, da farko shugabannin Fulani ( ardo'en, mufuradi: ardo ) na Fumbina wanda Adama ta damu da su. Wasu daga cikinsu sun ki amincewa da takarar sa saboda dalilai daban-daban: Ya kasance daga asalin mai tawali'u,yana da dukiya kaɗan, har yanzu sojojinsa ba su da yawa, kuma ba shi da ƙwarjini.Mafi rinjaye, sun yi maraba da Adama a matsayin kwamandan soja ko jagoran addini aƙalla. Surukin Adama,Jauro Dembo, ya riga ya zauna a Fumbina a Malabu kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mashawarta.
Sojojin da aka kafa na wucin gadi sun kafa hedikwata a Gurin, sansanin soja a mahaɗar Faro da Benuwai inda mayaƙan Fulani suka sake haɗuwa bayan yaƙi da Bata a shekarar 1803. Daga nan Adama ya jagoranci rundunarsa a jerin hare-hare a kan garuruwan Bata kamar Pema, Tepa, da Turuwa. Nasarorin sun faranta ran mutanen Adama, waɗanda suka kwashi bayi da yawa na Bata.
Nasarorin farko da aka samu ya sa shugabannin Fulanin cikin gida da yawa su zo bangaren Adama. Hatta wadtanda suka yi adawa da mulkinsa na siyasa sun amince da jihadi a matsayin wata dama ta fadada yankunansu. Njobdi na dangin Wollarbe shine babban misali, kuma babban abokin hamayyarsa, Hammam Sambo, watakila ardo na farko da ya fara zama a Fumbina, ya tabbatar da babban jarin. Dangantaka mai ɗanɗano tsakanin Njobdi da Hammam zai tabbatar da babban cikas a yunƙurin Adama na kula da daulolin haɗin kai.
Bugu da kari, Fulanin gama gari sun samu karfafuwa daga ayyukan Adama kuma sun zama ƙungiya. Adama ya ƙirƙira sabon matsayi ga shugabanninsu: Lamido (jam'i: lamibe ), wanda ya kasance shugaban wani yanki, sabtanin ardo, shugaban wasu mutane. Dukkanin ƙungiyoyin sun karɓi tutar ba da umarni kuma sun raba matsayi iri daya a sojojin Adama. Kafin rasuwarsa, Adama zai naɗa sama da 40 wadanda ba ardo lamibe ba. Za su tabbatar da amintattun mashawarta.
Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Mandara
Adama ya mayar da hankalinsa ne kan babbar jiha daya tilo a Fumbina da za ta iya kawo barazana ga sabuwar masarautarsa: Mandara. Ya kasance manufa mai ban sha'awa. Ya kasance tsakanin Bornu zuwa arewa da Baghirmi a cikin Tekun Chadi, don haka faɗuwarsa zai sauƙaƙe mamayar waɗannan yankuna.Mutanenta sun riga sun musulunta,kodayake sun cakuɗa addinin da ayyukan arna. Bugu da ƙari,tana da ɗimbin jama'a waɗanda za a iya ɗaukar sojoji daga cikinsu,kuma an san ta da kyawawan dawakai. Mandara yana da tsari sosai,kodayake, kuma ba zai zama kyauta mai sauƙi ba.Mutanen da suke zaune a wurin,wato Mandarawa, sun daɗe suna adawa da Fulanin, waɗanda suka yaƙe su a ƙarƙashin Bornu a shekarun baya. Wannan rashin jituwa ya taimaka ne kawai don fatattakar Fulanin zuwa sojojin Adama, kodayake, saboda yawancin tsoffin sojoji sun yi marmarin sake afkawa wani tsohon abokin adawa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sarakunan Fulbe Modibo Damraka da sauransu sun riga sun tsunduma cikin yaƙi da Mandara a cikin Diamaré Plain. Jin daɗin jihadi ya yi yawa.
Adama kai Guringa a shekarar 1809, da makamantansu tare da sojoji da yawa a cikin mai kyau morale. Nan da nan ya ci nasarar mamaye garin Mandara a Guider kuma ya nufi arewa, yana ɗaukar ƙarin ƙauyuka da yawa a kan hanyar. A wajen babban birnin Mandara, Dulo, Adama ya buƙaci sarki, Bukar Djiama, ya yi mubaya'a ya kuma musulunta ba tare da maguzanci ba. Bukar ya amince da amincewa da 'yancin Adama na mulkin talakawansa, amma ya ki yarda ya ba da nasa mulkin. Adama da mutanensa sun ɗauki Dulo da ɗan faɗa.
Adama ya nemi wani wanda zai mulki wannan sulhu, amma bai sami wanda yake jin ya isa wannan mukamin ba. A halin yanzu, sojojinsa sun yi rawar jiki a cikin ganimar da suka yi. Ba wanda ya yi tsammanin afkawar Mandara, wanda aka ƙaddamar daga Mora na kusa. Adama ya gudu daga garin, kuma Dulo ya faɗo daga kanshi har abada.
==Gudanarwa== Adama da mutanensa sun koma Yola (a cikin Nijeriya ta yanzu). Garin zai zama babban birninshi kafin shekarar 1841. Daga nan ne shi da hadimansa suka ci gaba da faɗaɗa masarautar, wacce ya sanya wa Adamawa sunan ta. Subananan da ke ƙasa sun aika masa da haraji ta hanyar shanu. Manyan ƙauyuka kamar su Maroua, Garoua, da Ngaoundéré sun faɗi ga Adama ko kuma hadimansa. Zuwa shekarar 1825, Fulanin sun kutsa kai yankin Filato na Adamawa. Koyaya, Adama ta rayu a cikin matsakaiciyar yanayi kuma bata sami dukiya mai yawa ba.
Daga Yola, Adama ya fara ayyukan gudanarwa da suka wajaba ga jiharsa ta haihuwa. Yayi hakan ne da shawarar Usman; ya kasance ya samar da fahimta tsakanin jama'arsa da gwamnoninsu, saukaka sadarwa tsakanin dattawa da wadanda ke karkashinsu, tare da hana barnar da al'umma ke yi dangane da aji ko dukiya. Daga ƙarshe masarautar ta ɗauki matakai uku na gudanarwa. A tsakiyar akwai sarki al-Mu'minin ("kwamandan muminai"), Adama da kansa, yana yin hukunci daga Yola kuma yana amsawa ga Usman dan Fodio kawai a Sakkwato. Wani rukuni na mashawarta da masu gudanarwa sun taimaka masa kai tsaye, kuma ma'aikatan gidan wadanda ba Fulbe da bayi sun ninka a matsayin masu tsaronsa. Da yawa a ƙasa akwai shugabannin gundumomi, da lamibe, waɗanda ke mulkin mahimman matsugunan. A karkashin su kasance a yawan kauyuka, kowane ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani ƙauye sarki.
A halin yanzu, wasu tsofaffin ardo'en sun sami ƙarfi ta hanyar nasarorin da suka samu. Sun dauki yankunan da ba a kwace ba kusa da yankunansu a matsayin gidajensu na kashin kansu kuma sun kare waɗannan yankuna daga duk masu shigowa. Wannan wani lokacin yakan bayyana a alakar su da Adama, kamar lokacin da Bouba Njida na Rai ya ki zuwa taimakon Adama lokacin da sarki ke fada da Namchi a Poli. Madadin haka, Bouba ya jira Adama ya ja da baya daga yankin don ya kawo nasa sojojin ya gama da abokan gaba. Sannan ya tura fursunoni daga yaƙin zuwa Adama a matsayin kyauta.
Ahmed Marafa
A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2015, aka zabi Marafa a matsayin shugaban kungiyar masu magana da yawun Arewacin Najeriya. kungiyar shuwagabannin majalisun jihohi 19 ne akarkashin sa. A lokacin yakin neman zaben shekarar 2019, Marafa ya sha ba'a da suka daga matasa inda suke rera masa waka mai taken  wa'adi daya kawai. Wakar dai na nufin ba sa goyon bayan sake tsayawa takararsa a majalisar dokokin jihar. An kama wasu matasa hudu da ke da hannu a wannan waka tare da gurfanar da su a gaban wata babbar kotun majistare da ake zargi da aikata laifuka uku da suka hada da hada baki da tada hankali.
Modibo Adama
Doka
Adama ya mutu a shekara ta 1847 kuma aka binne shi a Yola (kabarinsa yana nan har wa yau). Adamawa ta ɗauki dubu 103 km² daga Tafkin Chadi zuwa Banyo kuma mutane 1,500,000 ne ke zaune a ciki. Expansionarin faɗaɗa zuwa kudu ya tabbatar da wahala da wanda ba a so tunda kasancewar kwarin tsetse da gandun daji mai kauri ya sa kiwon dabbobin ke da wuya a can.
Adamaan Adama Muhammadu Lawal ya gaje shi bayan ɗan gajeren mulki a ƙarƙashin Hamidu bi Adama. Daga ƙarshe, wasu 'ya'yan Adama guda uku za su wani lokaci su zama Sarkin na Adamawa. Ba har sai lokacin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya da na Jamusawa ba masarautar za ta ƙare.
Duk da rasa 'yancinsu, yanzu Fulanin sun kasance manyan ƙabilu na Arewacin Kamaru. Sun yada addinin Musulunci a cikin yankin baki daya, inda suka tabbatar da shi a matsayin addinin da ke kan gaba. Ilimi kuma ya bunkasa, yayin da sabbin tuba suka koyi rubutun larabci kuma suka yi karatun Alkur'ani. Kasuwanci ya bunƙasa, kuma sadarwa tare da shi. Yaƙe-yaƙe sun kasance mahimmancin mahalli. Ƙsar da a da ake amfani da ita don noma yanzu ta zama yankin makiyayar Fulani. Makiyayan sun sare bishiyoyi don yin hanyar shanu, kuma sun kona ciyawa da dabbobinsu suka taka daga baya. Aruruwan ƙarni na irin wannan ɗabi'ar ta maye gurbin gandun dajin da savanna.
Abin haushin ma shine, Adamawa ta fi ƙarancin mutane bayan mamayar Adama. Maimakon yaƙi da mamayar Fulani, yawancin mutane sun gudu, suna ƙaura wasu kuma. Filaton Adamawa, wanda ya kasance gida ga yawancin ƙabilu Kamaru, ba da daɗewa ba ya zama yankin makiyaya, kuma yankin gandun dajin na Kamaru ya kasance mai yawan jama'a.
Kare muhalli
Kare muhalli al'ada ce ta kare halittan muhalli ta daidaikun mutane, kungiyoyi da masu mulki
. Makasudinsa shine adana albarkatun kasa da yanayin da ake ciki da kuma, inda zai yiwu, don gyara lalacewa da jujjuya yanayin.
saboda matse lamba a
hauhawan masarufi da tattalin arziki saboda yawan al ummah da hikima da haliltu masu rai dake kewaye damu an dankwafar dasu na wani lokaci, ko Kuma na dindindin. An fuskanci hakan ne, sai gwamnati ta soma sa togaciya ga al'amuran dake kawo rushewar muhalli. Tun a shekarun alif dari Tara da sittin, tafiyoyin wayar da Kai a kan muhalli ya kawo wayewan Kai dangane da rubdugun matsalolin muhalli. Akwai Rashin amincewa akan tsananin tasirin muhalli akan al'amuran dan'adam, saboda haka ake yawan tattaunawa akan matakan Kariya.
Yarjejeniyar muhalli na sa kai
A cikin ƙasashen masana'antu, yarjejeniyoyin muhalli na sa kai sau da yawa suna ba da dama ga kamfanoni da za a san su don haura mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodi don haka suna tallafawa haɓaka mafi kyawun yanayin muhalli. Misali, a Indiya, hukumar Amincewa Inganta Muhalli (EIT) tana aiki don kare muhalli da gandun daji tun 1998. A cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, irin su Latin Amurka, ana amfani da waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin don magance mahimman matakan rashin bin ƙa'idodin tilas.
Tsarin muhalli
Tsarin yanayin muhalli don sarrafa albarkatu da kariyar muhalli yana nufin yin la'akari da haɗaɗɗiyar alaƙar yanayin yanayin gaba ɗaya wajen yanke shawara maimakon kawai amsa takamaiman batutuwa da ƙalubale. Mahimmanci, hanyoyin yanke shawara a ƙarƙashin irin wannan hanyar za su kasance hanyar haɗin gwiwa don tsarawa da yanke shawara wanda ya ƙunshi ɗimbin masu ruwa da tsaki a duk sassan gwamnati da suka dace, da kuma wakilan masana'antu, ƙungiyoyin muhalli, da al'umma. Wannan dabarar tana goyan bayan ingantacciyar musayar bayanai, haɓaka dabarun magance rikice-rikice da ingantacciyar kiyaye shiyya. Addinai kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye muhalli.
Yarjejeniyar muhalli ta duniya
Yawancin albarkatun ƙasa suna da rauni musamman saboda tasirin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban yana rinjayar su. Sakamakon haka, ƙasashe suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka yarjejeniyoyin da gwamnatoci da yawa suka sanya hannu don hana lalacewa ko sarrafa tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam kan albarkatun ƙasa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da yarjejeniyoyin da ke tasiri abubuwa kamar sauyin yanayi, tekuna, koguna da gurɓacewar iska. Waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin muhalli na ƙasa da ƙasa wasu lokuta kan zama takaddun ɗaure bisa doka waɗanda ke da tasirin shari'a lokacin da ba a bi su ba kuma, a wasu lokuta, ƙarin yarjejeniyoyin bisa ƙa'ida ne ko don amfani da su azaman ka'idojin ɗabi'a. Waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin suna da dogon tarihi tare da wasu yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga farkon 1910 a Turai, Amurka da Afirka.
Yawancin hukumomin fasaha na kasa da kasa da aka kafa bayan 1945 sun yi magana game da batutuwan muhalli. A ƙarshen 1960s, haɓakar motsin muhalli ya yi kira da a haɗa kai da haɗin kai na ƙasa da ƙasa. An gudanar da babban taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Muhalli na 1972 a Stockholm a shekara ta 1972, wanda ya kafa manufar haƙƙin muhalli mai kyau. Bayan haka ne aka kafa Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a karshen wannan shekarar. Wasu sanannun yarjejeniyoyin duniya sun haɗa da yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta 1997 da yarjejeniyar Paris ta 2015.
.A ranar 8 ga watan oktoba ta shekarar 2021, hukumar kare haƙƙin dan'adam ta Amurka ta bijiro da mafita Wanda ya kunshi samun daman muhalli Mai koshin lafiya da Kuma cikakken tattali a matsayin yanci na bai-daya. A cikin dokan sashi na 48/13, hukumar tayi Kira ga duka kasashen duniya' da su had a karfi da karfe da sauran kungiyoyi don dabbaka wannan sabon hakkin
A ranar 28 ga Yuli 2022, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri'a don ayyana ikon rayuwa a cikin "tsaftataccen muhalli mai lafiya da dorewa" 'yancin ɗan adam na duniya. Babbar jami'ar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Michelle Bachelet ta yaba da matakin tare da yin kira da a dauki matakin gaggawa domin tabbatar da hakan ga kowa da kowa.
Gwamnati
Tattaunawa game da kare muhalli galibi yana mai da hankali kan rawar gwamnati, dokoki, da tilasta bin doka. Koyaya, a mafi girman ma'anarsa, ana iya ganin kare muhalli alhakin dukan mutane ne ba na gwamnati kawai ba. Hukunce-hukuncen da ke yin tasiri ga muhalli zai ƙunshi ɗimbin masu ruwa da tsaki da suka haɗa da masana'antu, ƙungiyoyin ƴan asali, ƙungiyar muhalli da wakilan al'umma. Sannu a hankali, matakan yanke shawara kan muhalli suna tasowa don nuna wannan babban tushe na masu ruwa da tsaki kuma suna samun haɗin gwiwa a ƙasashe da yawa.
Tanzaniya
An fara kare muhallin Tanzaniya a lokacin da Jamus ta mamaye Gabashin Afirka (1884-1919)—An kafa dokokin kiyaye farauta da na mulkin mallaka don kare farauta da dazuzzuka, ta yadda aka sanya takunkumi kan ayyukan 'yan asali na gargajiya kamar farauta, tara itace, da kiwo. A cikin 1948, Serengeti a hukumance ya kafa wurin shakatawa na farko na kurayen daji a gabashin Afirka. Tun daga shekarar 1983, an kara yin kokari matuka wajen tafiyar da al'amuran muhalli a matakin kasa, ta hanyar kafa Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta kasa (NEMC) da kuma samar da dokar kare muhalli. Rarraba biosphere shine babban hukumar gwamnati da ke kula da kariya. Yana yin haka ta hanyar tsara manufofi, daidaitawa da sa ido kan lamuran muhalli, tsare-tsaren muhalli da bincike kan muhalli masu dogaro da kai. Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta kasa (NEMC) wata cibiya ce da aka kafa ta a lokacin da aka fara gabatar da Dokar Kula da Muhalli ta kasa a shekarar 1983. Wannan majalisa tana da rawar da za ta ba gwamnatoci da al'ummomin duniya shawarwari kan batutuwan da suka shafi muhalli. NEMC dalilai masu zuwa: bayar da shawarwarin fasaha; daidaita ayyukan fasaha; haɓaka jagororin tilastawa da hanyoyin; tantancewa, saka idanu da kimanta ayyukan da ke tasiri ga muhalli; inganta da taimakawa bayanan muhalli da sadarwa; da neman ci gaban ilimin kimiyya.
Manufar Muhalli ta ƙasa ta 1997 tana aiki ne a matsayin tsarin yanke shawarar muhalli a Tanzaniya. Makasudin manufofin shine cimma abubuwa masu zuwa:
Tanzaniya ta kasance mai rattaba hannu kan gagarumin adadin yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa da suka hada da sanarwar Rio kan Ci gaba da Muhalli 1992 da Yarjejeniyar Diversity na Halittu 1996. Dokar Gudanar da Muhalli, 2004, ita ce cikakkiyar tsarin doka da cibiyoyi na farko don jagorantar shawarwarin sarrafa muhalli. Kayayyakin manufofin da ke cikin sassan aikin sun haɗa da yin amfani da ƙididdigar tasirin muhalli, dabarun ƙima na muhalli, da haraji kan gurɓataccen masana'antu da samfurori. Tasirin canza wannan aikin zai bayyana ne kawai a cikin lokaci yayin da damuwa game da aiwatar da shi ya bayyana bisa ga gaskiyar cewa, a tarihi, an sami rashin ƙarfin aiwatar da dokokin muhalli da kuma rashin kayan aiki don kawo kare muhalli. manufofi a aikace.
China
Taron kare muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 1972 a birnin Stockholm na kasar Sweden ya fara karfafa tsarin kare muhalli a gidan kasar Sin. Bayan haka, sun fara kafa hukumomin kare muhalli da kuma sanya ido kan wasu sharar da masana'anta. Kasar Sin ta kasance daya daga cikin kasashe masu tasowa na farko da suka aiwatar da dabarun ci gaba mai dorewa. A shekarar 1983 majalisar gudanarwar kasar Sin ta sanar da cewa, kare muhalli zai kasance daya daga cikin muhimman manufofin kasar Sin, kuma a shekarar 1984 ne aka kafa hukumar kare muhalli ta kasa (NEPA). Bayan mummunar ambaliyar ruwa da kogin Yangtze ya yi a cikin 1998, an mayar da NEPA zuwa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Jiha (SEPA) ma'ana ana aiwatar da kare muhalli a matakin ministoci. A cikin 2008, SEPA ta zama sananne da sunan yanzu na Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (MEP). Gurbacewar muhalli da gurbacewar muhalli sun haifar da asarar tattalin arziki ga kasar Sin. A shekarar 2005, an kididdige asarar tattalin arziki (mafi yawan gurbatar yanayi) da kashi 7.7% na GDP na kasar Sin. Wannan ya karu zuwa kashi 10.3 a shekara ta 2002 kuma asarar tattalin arziki daga gurbatar ruwa (6.1%) ya fara wuce abin da gurbatar iska ke haifarwa. Kasar Sin na daya daga cikin kasashen da ke kan gaba wajen samun karuwar GDP (9.64% a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata). Duk da haka, babban ci gaban tattalin arziki ya sanya matsin lamba ga muhallinta, kuma kalubalen muhalli da kasar Sin ke fuskanta ya fi yawancin kasashe yawa. A shekarar 2022 kasar Sin ta kasance matsayi na 160 daga cikin kasashe 180 da ake kididdigar yanayin muhalli sakamakon rashin ingancin iska da hayakin GHG.
LKasar Sin ta dauki matakin kara kare muhalli da yaki da gurbacewar muhalli:
Ci gaban GDP cikin sauri ya kasance babban burin kasar Sin cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, tare da tsarin raya kasa mafi girma na rashin amfani da albarkatun kasa da gurbatar yanayi don samun babban GDP. Domin kasar Sin ta samu ci gaba mai dorewa, ya kamata a dauki kare muhalli a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na manufofinta na tattalin arziki.
Magana daga Shengxian Zhou, shugaban MEP (2009): "Kyakkyawan manufofin tattalin arziki kyakkyawar manufar muhalli ce kuma yanayin matsalar muhalli ita ce tsarin tattalin arziki, tsarin samarwa da kuma samar da abin koyi."
Tarayyar Turai
Kare muhalli ya zama muhimmin aiki ga cibiyoyi na Tarayyar Turai bayan yarjejeniyar Maastricht na Tarayyar Turai ta amince da dukkan mambobinta. EU tana aiki a fagen manufofin muhalli, tana ba da umarni kamar na kimanta tasirin muhalli da kuma samun damar samun bayanan muhalli ga 'yan ƙasa a cikin ƙasashe membobin.
Ireland
Hukumar Kare Muhalli, Ireland (EPA) tana da ayyuka da yawa don kare muhalli, tare da babban nauyinta da suka haɗa da:
Gabas ta Tsakiya
Kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya sun zama wani bangare na hadin gwiwar ayyukan kare muhalli na Musulunci, wanda aka fara a shekarar 2002 a Jeddah. A karkashin kungiyar ilimi da kimiya da al'adu ta Musulunci, kasashe mambobin kungiyar suna shiga taron ministocin muhalli na Musulunci a cikin kowace shekara biyu, tare da mai da hankali kan mahimmancin kare muhalli da ci gaba mai dorewa. Ana kuma ba wa kasashen Larabawa lakabin mafi kyawun kula da muhalli a duniyar Musulunci.
A watan Agustan 2019, Sarkin Musulmin Oman ya sami lambar yabo ta 2018 – 19 a Saudi Arabiya, yana ambaton aikinta "Tabbatar da Shekaru da Girman Ƙananan Taskoki a Gabashin Arewa maso Yamma na Tekun Oman".
Rasha
A Rasha, ana ɗaukar kare muhalli a matsayin wani muhimmin sashi na amincin ƙasa. Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa da ilimin halittu ta tarayya ita ce hukuma mai izini ta jiha mai alhakin kula da kare muhalli. Duk da haka, akwai batutuwan muhalli da yawa a Rasha.
Latin Amurka
Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) ta gano kasashe 17 megadiverse. Jerin ya hada da kasashe shida na Latin Amurka: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru da Venezuela. Mexico da Brazil sun yi fice a cikin sauran saboda suna da yanki mafi girma, yawan jama'a da adadin nau'ikan. Waɗannan ƙasashe suna wakiltar babban abin damuwa ga kariyar muhalli saboda suna da yawan sare itatuwa, asarar muhalli, gurɓata yanayi, da haɓakar jama'a. Brazil ce ke da mafi yawan dajujjuka masu zafi a duniya, 4,105,401 km2 (48.1% na Brazil), an tattara shi a cikin yankin Amazon. Brazil gida ce ga ɗimbin bambance-bambancen halittu, na farko a cikin manyan ƙasashe na duniya, suna da tsakanin 15% -20% na nau'ikan nau'ikan miliyan 1.5 da aka kwatanta a duniya.
Ƙungiyar da ke kula da kare muhalli ita ce Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Brazil (a cikin Portuguese: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, MMA). An fara ƙirƙira shi a cikin shekara ta 1973 tare da sunan Sakatariya na Musamman don Muhalli (Secretaria Especial de Meio Ambiente), yana canza sunaye sau da yawa, kuma yana ɗaukar sunan ƙarshe a cikin shekara ta 1999. Ma'aikatar ita ce ke da alhakin magance batutuwa masu zuwa:
A cikin 2011, wuraren kariya na Amazon sun rufe 2,197,485 km 2 (yanki mafi girma fiye da Greenland), tare da raka'a na kiyayewa, kamar wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, wanda ya kai fiye da rabin (50.6%) da yankuna na asali waɗanda ke wakiltar sauran 49.4%.
Mexico
Tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 200,000, Mexico tana da kashi 10-12% na nau'ikan halittun duniya, matsayi na farko a cikin halittu masu rarrafe kuma na biyu a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa -ƙiya ɗaya ta nuna cewa sama da kashi 50% na dukkan nau'ikan dabbobi da shuka suna zaune a Mexico.
Tarihin manufofin muhalli a Meziko ya fara ne a cikin 1940s tare da kafa dokar kiyaye ƙasa da ruwa (a cikin Mutanen Espanya: Ley de Conservación de Suelo y Agua). Shekaru 30 bayan haka, a farkon shekarun 1970, an ƙirƙiri Dokar Hana da Kula da gurɓacewar muhalli (Ley para Prevenir y Controlar la Contaminación Ambiental).
A cikin shekara ta 1972 shine martani na farko kai tsaye daga gwamnatin tarayya don magance fitattun illolin lafiya daga matsalolin muhalli. Ya kafa ƙungiyar gudanarwa na Sakatariyar don Inganta Muhalli (Subsecretaría para el Mejoramiento del Ambiente) a cikin Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Jin Dadi.
Ostiraliya
Ana iya ganin kariyar muhalli a Ostiraliya yayin farawa tare da kafa wurin shakatawa na farko, Royal National Park, a cikin 1879. Ƙarin ci gaba da kare muhalli ya fara ne a cikin 1960s da 1970s tare da manyan shirye-shirye na kasa da kasa kamar taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli a 1972, Kwamitin Muhalli na OECD a 1970, da Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1972. Wadannan abubuwan sun kafa harsashi ta hanyar kara wayar da kan jama'a da goyon baya ga tsari. Dokokin muhalli na jihohi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma sun gaza har sai an kafa Majalisar Muhalli ta Australiya (AEC) da Majalisar Ministocin Kare Halittu (CONCOM) a cikin 1972 da 1974, tare da samar da wani taro don taimakawa wajen daidaita manufofin muhalli da kiyayewa tsakanin jihohi da kasashe makwabta. Tun daga wannan lokacin an maye gurbin waɗannan majalissar da Majalisar Muhalli da Kula da Muhalli (ANZECC) ta Ostiraliya da New Zealand a cikin 1991 kuma a ƙarshe Majalisar Kare Muhalli da Gado (EPHC) a 2001.
A matakin ƙasa, Dokar Kariyar Muhalli da Dokokin Kare Diversity 1999 ita ce babbar dokar kariyar muhalli ga Commonwealth na Ostiraliya. Ya shafi abubuwan da suka shafi mahimmancin muhalli na ƙasa da na duniya dangane da flora, fauna, al'ummomin muhalli da al'adun gargajiya. Hakanan tana da hurumi akan duk wani aiki da Commonwealth ke gudanarwa, ko kuma ya shafe shi, wanda ke da tasirin muhalli mai mahimmanci. Dokar ta shafi manyan fannoni guda takwas:
Akwai ƙasashe da dama da ke da kariya ta Commonwealth saboda haɗin gwiwa tare da masu mallakar gargajiya na gargajiya, kamar Kakadu National Park, na ban mamaki iri-iri kamar Kirsimeti Island National Park, ko gudanar da haɗin gwiwa saboda ketare-jihar wuri, kamar Australian Alps National Parks da Reserves.
A matakin jiha, yawancin al'amuran kare muhalli an bar su ga alhakin jiha na ƙasa. Kowace bangare a Ostiraliya tana da nata dokokin kare muhalli da hukumomin da suka dace. Hukuncinsu iri ɗaya ne kuma yana rufe gurɓatar wuri, kamar daga masana'antu ko ayyukan kasuwanci, amfani da ƙasa/ruwa, da sarrafa sharar gida. Jihohi da yankuna ne ke sarrafa galibin filaye masu kariya tare da ayyukan majalisu na jihohi suna ƙirƙirar digiri daban-daban da ma'anar wuraren kariya kamar jeji, ƙasa ƙasa da wuraren shakatawa na ruwa, dazuzzuka na jihohi, da wuraren kiyayewa. Jihohi kuma suna ƙirƙirar ƙa'ida don iyakancewa da ba da kariya gabaɗaya daga iska, ruwa, da gurɓataccen sauti.
A matakin ƙaramar hukuma, kowane birni ko majalisar yanki yana da alhakin abubuwan da dokokin jiha ko na ƙasa ba su shafi su ba. Wannan ya haɗa da tushe mara tushe, ko gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, kamar gurɓatacciyar ƙasa daga wuraren gine-gine.
Ostiraliya tana matsayi na biyu a cikin Ƙididdigar Ci gaban Bil Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2010 kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin bashi ga ƙimar GDP na ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ana iya ganin wannan yana zuwa a farashin muhalli, tare da Ostiraliya ita ce jagorar duniya a fitar da gawayi da kuma kawar da nau'in nau'in. Wasu sun zaburar da su shelar cewa alhakin Australiya ne ta kafa misali na sake fasalin muhalli ga sauran kasashen duniya su yi koyi da su.
New Zealand
A matakin ƙasa, Ma'aikatar Muhalli tana da alhakin manufofin muhalli kuma Ma'aikatar Kulawa tana magance matsalolin kiyayewa. A matakin yanki majalisun yanki ne ke gudanar da doka tare da magance matsalolin muhalli na yanki.
Switzerland's
Cigaba a muhalli a Switzerland's ya dangane ga daukan qungiyan (Non Government Organization)da littafaina Kuma na green politics da way idojin muhalli
Kariyar muhalli a kasar Switzerland ta dogara ne kan matakan da za a dauka na yaki da dumamar yanayi. Gurbacewar yanayi a kasar Switzerland galibi gurbatar yanayi ne da ababen hawa ke haifarwa da kuma zubar da shara da masu yawon bude ido ke yi.
Amurka
Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA) wata hukuma ce mai zaman kanta ta gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka mai alhakin al'amuran kare muhalli.
Duk jihohin Amurka suna da nasu sassan matakin kariyar muhalli, wanda zai iya ba da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri fiye da na tarayya.
A cikin Janairu 2010, EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson ta buga ta hanyar hukuma EPA blog ta "Bakwai fifiko don makomar EPA", waɗanda suka kasance (a cikin tsari na asali):
cy's active priorities, as Jackson departed in February 2013, and the page has not been updated in the interim.
Indiya
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Indiya yana da tanadi da yawa waɗanda ke ƙayyade alhakin gwamnatocin tsakiya da na jihohi game da Kariyar Muhalli. An ɗora alhakin da ya rataya a wuyan Jiha dangane da kare muhalli a ƙarƙashin sashe na 48-A na kundin tsarin mulkin mu wanda ya bayyana cewa “jahohi za su yi ƙoƙarin kare da inganta muhalli da kuma kare gandun daji da namun daji na ƙasar nan”.
An sanya kariyar muhalli wani muhimmin aiki na kowane ɗan ƙasar Indiya a ƙarƙashin sashe na 51-A (g) na kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya ce "Ya zama wajibi ga kowane ɗan ƙasar Indiya ya kare da inganta yanayin yanayin da ya haɗa da gandun daji, tafkuna, koguna., da namun daji da kuma jin tausayin halittu masu rai”.
Sashi na 21 na kundin tsarin mulkin kasa wani hakki ne na asasi, wanda ya ce "Babu wani mutum da za a tauye masa rayuwarsa ko kuma 'yancinsa sai bisa tsarin da doka ta tanada".
Duba kuma
A
Arrowwood, Alberta
Arrowwood ƙauye ne a cikin Vulcan County, Alberta, Kanada. Tana kan Babbar Hanya 547, kusan kilomita 60 km gabashin Okotoks.
Al'ummar ta ɗauki sunanta daga Gabashin Arrowwood Creek kusa.
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na 2016 da Kididdiga Kanada ta gudanar, ƙauyen Arrowwood ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 207 da ke zaune a cikin 72 daga cikin 79 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. 10.1% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 188. Tare da filin ƙasa na 0.75 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 276.0/km   a cikin 2016.
Gwamnati
Ƙauyen yana ƙarƙashin majalisar ƙauyen da ya ƙunshi kantoma da kansiloli biyu, kuma wani mai kula da ƙauyen ne ke gudanar da shi. Ana gudanar da zaben kananan hukumomi duk bayan shekaru hudu.
Fitattun mutane
An haifi ' yar wasan Kanada- Ba'amurke Joyce Meadows a Arrowwood amma ta bar ƙauyen tun tana ƙuruciyarta.
Urana FC
Urana FC d'Arlit ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Nijar da ke Arlit. Kulob ɗin yana buga gasar Premier ta Nijar.
Filin wasa
Wasannin gida suna wasa a filin wasa 7,000 Stade d'Arlit.
Hamid Ali
Hamid Ibrahim Ali (an haife shi a 15 ga watan Janairu shekarar 1955) tsohon Sojan Najeriya ne kuma ya riƙe muƙamin konel, wanda ayanzu shine Comptroller Janar na Nigerian Customs Service. Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ne ya naɗa shi a ranar 27 ga watan Augusta na shekarar 2015. Konel. Hamid Ali yayi gwamna a Jihar Kaduna ƙarƙashin mulkin soja daga (watan Augustan na shekarar 1996 zuwa watan Augusta na shekarar 1998) lokacin shugaban ƙasa Sani Abacha
Alexandru Gațcan
Alexandru Gațcan (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Maris shekarar 1984) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Moldova da ke buga wa Krylia Sovetov Samara da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Moldova a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsakiya.
Kulab
A ranar 17 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2019, Gațcan ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Rostov har zuwa bazarar 2020. A ranar 17 ga Yulin 2019, Rostov ya sanar da cewa Gațcan zai bar kulob din bayan wasan da suka yi da Spartak Moscow a ranar 20 ga watan Yuli, wanda ya kawo karshen shekaru 11 da ya yi a kulob din.
A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin 2019, ya koma kungiyar Krylia Sovetov Samara ta Premier League ta Rasha.
Na duniya
Gațcan ya buga wasanni 2 a wasan share fage na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA (2006) da wasanni 7 a gasar share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin UEFA Euro 2008. Gațcan ya fito a wasanni 46 na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Moldova, inda ya ci kwallaye uku.
Rayuwar mutum
A cikin shekarar 2007, Gațcan ya zama ɗan ƙasar Rasha.
Na duniya
Lissafi cikakke kamar yadda aka buga wasa 18 Nuwamba 2018
Daraja
FC Rostov
Rural Municipality of Wallace No. 243
Gundumar Rural Municipality na Wallace No. 243 ( 2016 yawan : 852 ) birni ne na karkara (RM) a cikin lardin Kanada na Saskatchewan a cikin Sashin ƙidayar jama'a na 9 da Sashen No. 4. Tana cikin yankin gabas-ta tsakiya na lardin.
Tarihi
RM na Wallace No. 243 an haɗa shi a matsayin gundumar karkara a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1911.
Al'ummomi da yankuna
Gundumomin birni masu zuwa suna kewaye da RM.
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, RM na Wallace No. 243 yana da yawan jama'a 881 da ke zaune a cikin 350 daga cikin 387 na jimlar gidaje masu zaman kansu, canji na 3.4% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 852. Tare da yanki na 814.69 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 1.1/km   a cikin 2021.
Gwamnati
RM na Wallace Lamba 243 ana gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar zaɓaɓɓun majalissar ƙaramar hukuma da naɗaɗɗen gudanarwa wanda ke yin taro a ranar Juma'a ta biyu na kowane wata. Reve na RM shine Garry Liebrecht yayin da mai kula da shi Gerry Burym. Ofishin RM yana Yorkton.
Sonja Wipf
Sonja Wipf (an haife ta 24 ga Fabrairu 1973, Brugg) ƙwararriyar tsirrai ce ta Switzerland wacce ke nazarin sakamakon sauyin yanayi. Ta yi aiki a WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF kuma ita ce shugabar bincike da sa ido a wuraren shakatawa na Switzerland.
Г
Г - Letter daga cikin Rasha haruffa.
Sonja Wipf
Rayuwa
Bayan kammala karatunta a Old Cantonal School Aarau, Wipf ta karanci ilimin kimiyyar halittu da muhalli a Jami'ar Zurich daga 1993 zuwa 2000. Ta kammala karatun digiri na uku game da tasirin rage dusar ƙanƙara a kan muhallin tundra a 2006 a Jami'ar.
Aiki
Binciken da Wipf ta yi ya yi bayani ne kan illar sauyin yanayi, noma, da yawon bude ido a kan tsirran tsaunuka da arctic da kasa, da mu’amalarsu. An buga aikinta a cikin manyan mujallu na Nature da Canjin Yanayi. Tare da abokan aikinta, Wipf ta nuna saurin martani na yanayin yanayin tsaunuka zuwa canjin yanayi.
Wipf ta bayyana a cikin kafofin watsa labarai akai-akai. Dangane da matsalar sauyin yanayi, kafafen yada labarai na kasa da kasa sun ruwaito aikinta.
Tun 1 Janairu 2020 Wipf ta jagoranci Sashen Bincike da Kulawa a wuraren shakatawa na Switzerland.
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso mai fenti ne. Picasso an haife shi a Malaga (yanzu Hispania) a shekara ta 1881, ya mutu a Mougins (Faransa) a shekara ta 1973. Ya kasance mai zane dan kasar Sipaniya, mai sassake-sassake, masanin gidan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya kwashe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a kasar Faransa. Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu zane da suka shahara a karni na 20. Yayi fice na musamman ta salon zanensa da ya kirkiri na “Cubism”, salon “constructed sculpture”, da kuma salon zane na “Collage”, da dai sauran salon zane da ya taimaka wajen bunkasawa. Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai Zanen Proto-Cubism, Zanen Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, da zanen anti-war da dai sauransu.
Picasso ya nuna bajinta da kwarewa a harkokin zane da dama a lokacin kuruciyarsa, inda yake zane acikin salo na musamman tun yana ƙarami har zuwa tsufansa. A farkon shekaru goma na karni na 20, salonsa sun canza yayinda ya kirkiri kuma ya gwada sabbin dabaru da salo. Bayan shekarun 1906, dabarun tsohon mai zane Henri Matisse sun karawa Picasso karfin gwiwa sake nemo sabbin dabaru, wanda hakan ya janyo adawa a tsakanin masu zanen guda biyu, wadanda masu binciken zane suke alakantasu a matsayin jagororin masu zane na zamani.
Ya samar da zane da dama na musamman a daukakin rayuwarsa, Picasso ya samu shahara a duniya kuma ya tara dukiya mai yawa a dalilin nasarorinsa a zane kuma ya zamo daya daga cikin masu zane na musamman na karni na 20.
Yarintarsa
An haifi Picasso da misalin karfe 23:15 na ranar 25 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 1881, a birnin Malaga, Andalusiya, na Kudancin Sipaniya. Ya kasance ɗa na fari ga mahaifinsa José Ruiz y Blasco (1838–1913) da mahaifiyarsa Picasso y López. Iyayen Picasso sun kasance masu matsakaicin karfi. Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai zane wanda ya kware a zanen tsuntsaye da kuma wasanni. Mahaifinsa Ruiz ya kasance farfesa na fasaha a Makarantar Fikira kuma mai kula da wata tsohuwar gidan ajiyan kayan tarihi. Kakannin Ruiz sun kasance kananun masu sarauta.
Shaidar haihuwar Picasso da baptizanshj na dauke da sunaye masu tsawo, wanda ya hada da malaman kirista da danginsa. Ruiz y Picasso sune sunayen kakanninsa na wurin uwa da na wurin uba bi da bi, dangane da al’adar mutanen Sipaniya. Sunan mahaifinsa “Picasso” ya samo asaline daga garin Liguria, wani yankin gabar teku da ke arewa-maso-yammacin Italy. Kakan kakan pablo na wurin uwa Tommaso Picasso ya komo garin Sipaniya a shekarar 1807.
Kafin 1900
Picasso ya fara samun horo daga wurin mahaifinsa a shekarar 1890. Ana iya samun tarin ayyukansa na farko-farko a gidan kayan tarihin Museu Picasso da ke Barcelona. Ya zuwa shekara ta 1893, kwarewarsa na dan koyo ya fara karfi sannan ya zuwa shekara ta 1894 ya zama cikakken mai zane. Ana iya ganin salon mmakarantar realism a zanensa na tsakiyar 1890s a zanensa na The First Communion (1896), wani babban zanen kanwansa mai suna Lola. Har ila yau, acikin wannan shekara ne yayi zanen Portrait of Aunt Pepa, wani zane na musamman dake dauke da fuskar Juan-Eduardo Cirlot, wana ake dauka a matsayin "daya daga cikin zanen da sukafi shahara a tarihin Sipaniya".
Lokacin Bula 1901–1904
Lokacin ayyukan Picasso na Blue Period (1901–1904), lokaci ne na zanensa da ke da alaka da kalar bula da kuma bula-da-kore kadai, sai dai akan dan kara wasu kaloli a wasu lokutan, wanda ya soma ko dai a kasar Sipaniya a 1901 ko kuma a kasar Farisa a tsakiyar shekarar. Mafiya yawancin zanunkansa na uwaye da 'ya'yansu wato gaunt mothers with children ya samo asali ne daga lokacin zanukansa na bula, a wannan lokacin ne rayuwar Picasso ta rabu a tsakanin kasar Barcelona da kuma Farisa. Acikin wani yanayi da yake amfani da kaloli a wajen nuna abu mara sha'awa - karuwa da masu bara ne muhimman al'amari. Ayyukan Picasso sun samo tushe daga tafiyarsa a cikin kasar Sipaniya da kuma kisan kan abokinsa Carles Casagemas. A farkon kakar 1901, yayi zanukan fuskar Casagema wanda ya samar da salon zane na La Vie (1903), yana nan yanzu a gidan tarihi na Cleveland Museum of Art.
Wannan yanayi ne ya kara janyo habakar salon zanen The Frugal Repast (1904), wanda ke nuna wani mutum makaho da kuma mata mai gani, wadanda gabaki dayansu sun galabaita, suna zaune a wani dan teburi. Makanta ya kasance muhimmin take a zanen Picasso na wannan lokaci, kamar acikin zanen The Blindman's Meal (1903, the Metropolitan Museum of Art) da kuma zanen fuskar Celestina (1903). Ayyukansa na wannan Lokaci na Bula sun hada da Zanen Fuskar Soler da kuma Zanen Fuskar Suzanne Bloch.
Lokacin Rose: 1904–1906
Lokacin Rose (1904–1906) na da alaka da kalar fata mai haske ta hanyar amfani da kalar lemu da kalar pink wanda ya kunshi 'yan wasa da dai sauransu.
Analytic cubism: 1909–1912
Ccubism (1909–1912) wani salo ne na zane da Picasso ya kirkira tare da [Georges Braque]] hanyar amfani da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da sauran kaloli daban daban. Wadannan masu zane guda biyu suna daukan abubuwa su zana su dangane da ainihin sifarsu. Zanen Picasso da na Braque na wannan lokacin suna da kamiceceniya sosai.
Synthetic cubism: 1912–1919
Synthetic cubism (1912–1919) cigaba ne a salon zane na cubism, inda ake jera yankakken takarda mafi yawanci bangon littafi ko kuma wani shashe na jarida - ana jera su don bada wata sifa, wanda ya janyo mafarin salon zanen collage a kimiyar zane. A tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1917, Picasso ya fara wani sabon salon zane wanda ke nuna abubuwa daban daban, wanda ya kunshi jita, ko gilashi, da wani kamaiceceniya irinta collage.
Hafsah Faizal
Hafsah Faizal Marubuciya ce yar Amurka wanda ta rubuta littafin Young adult novels,wanda littafin ta da akafi siya a kasuwa shine We Hunt the Flame.
Rayuwa
An haifi Faizal ne a Florida ta girma a California. Yar Amurika ce musulma daga Sri Lanka kuma daga zuriyar Larabawa .Iyayen ta duka musulmai ne bakin haure. Faizal itace babba a cikin yan uwanta su hudu wanda akai mata biyu a cikin su Asma da Azraa. Faiza tayi makarantar gida tun tana shekara sha uku.
Fasaha
A daidai wannan shekarun, ta fara gina fasahar ƙirar ta, wanda ya sa ta kafa nata kamfani web design, IceyDesigns, tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai.Faizal ta nada sunayen yan’uwanta matasa marubuta Leigh Bardugo, Roshani Chokshi, da Renée Ahdieh a matsayin wasu daga cikin manyan tasirinta na adabi kuma ta bayyana Graceling da Kristin Cashore a matsayin littafin da ya sa ta koma karatu.