cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Quinito
Joaquim Lucas Duro de Jesus (an haife shi ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba 1948), wanda akafi sani da Quinito, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal ya kuma taka leda a kasar Angola.
Sana'ar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
An haife shi a Setúbal, Quinito ya taka leda a daidai lokutan Primeira Liga sau goma a lokacin aikinsa na ƙwararru, wanda ya fara halarta a 1967–68 tare da Académica de Coimbra-bayan ya koma Coimbra don nazarin likitanci a jami'a - amma ya fito ne kawai a gasar liga sau takwas. Ya kuma wakilci CF Os Belenenses (shekaru shida) da SC Braga ( shekaru biyu), ya yi ritaya a cikin 1980 a kusan 31 tare da jimlar babban rukuni na wasanni 193 da burin 11.
Tsakanin kulob na biyu da na hudu, Quinito ya taka leda tare da Racing de Santander na Spain, ya shafe kaka uku a La Liga. A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1976, ya zira kwallaye biyu a cikin nasara a gida da ci 4–3 da Real Betis.
Aikin koyarwa
Shekara daya bayan ya yi ritaya, Quinito ya fara horarwa tare da kulob din Braga na karshe, an kore shi bayan zagaye na 13 na kakar 1981–82. Har zuwa karshen shekaru goma ya yi aiki na musamman a cikin babban kulob ɗin, inda ya kai matsayi na hudu a 1984 tare da daidai bangaren Minho.
Quinito ya fara kamfen na 1988–89 a shugabancin FC Porto. Ko da yake kungiyar ba ta yi asara ba a wasannin 11 na farko sun ci biyar ne kawai, kuma ya samu sauki daga aikinsa yayin da 'yan arewa suka yi rashin nasara a gasar ta SL Benfica. Har ila yau, manajan ya yi amfani da kaka uku a cikin mataki na biyu, musamman samun ci gaba a cikin 1996 tare da kulob dinsa na farko a matsayin dan wasa, Vitória de Setúbal.
Bayan zagaye na tara na 1997–98, Quinito ya maye gurbin Jaime Pacheco ya kori kuma ya jagoranci Vitória de Guimarães zuwa matsayi na uku, tare da cancantar zuwa gasar cin kofin UEFA. Shi ne kokarin sa na biyu a Estádio D. Afonso Henriques, yana bin matsayi na hudu na 1995.
Tsakanin 2008 da 2010, Quinito ya kasance mataimakin kocin José Couceiro a Gaziantepspor daga Turkiyya. Har ila yau a cikin wannan shekaru goma, ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa a Vitória Setúbal na tsawon shekaru hudu.
El Dara
El Dara Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
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Eldred
EldredWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
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Aisha Musa Ahmad (mawakiya)
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Aisha a garin Kassala na yau, kusa da kan iyaka da ƙasar Eritriya a yau. Iyayenta biyu dai sun kasance bakin haure ne zuwa kasar Sudan daga birnin Sokoto na Najeriya, wadanda tun farko suka bi ta yankin a matsayin alhazai sannan daga bisani suka yanke shawarar zama a can. Mahaifiyarta, Hujra, ‘yar kasar Hausa ce, yayin da mahaifinta, Musa Ahmad Yahiyya, faqihu ne (masanin addini) dan asalin Fulani. A’isha ƴa-ƴanta bakwai ta yi karatu a khalwa (makarantar addini) ta mahaifinta da ke Omdurman, inda tayi haddar Alqur’ani mai girma. Daga baya fasaharta ta wƙka an danganta ta da darasin karatun ta.
Sana'ar waƙa da kuma rayuwa daga baya
Aisha ta fara rera waƙa tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, ba da daɗewa ba ta samu daraja da shahara a matsayin mawaƙiyar aure. Mahaifinta bai yarda da ayyukanta ba, domin a lokacin ana wulaƙanta mawaƙa mata sosai a cikin al'ummar Sudan. Ya yi ƙoƙarin ya hanata sana’ar waƙa ta hanyar yi mata aure, amma daga baya ta rabu da mijinta kuma ta ci gaba da aikin waƙa. Aikin Aisha ya ci gaba ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, lokacin da waƙiliyar wani kamfani mai rikodin tarihi na kasar Masar ya gano ta. Ta yi wa kamfanin wakoki da yawa a Alkahira, kuma waƙarta daga baya ta zama sananne a gidajen kofin watsa labarai na Sudan. An yi faifan nata da sunan “A’isha al-Falatiya”, wanda ke nuni da zuriyarta ta Fulani.
A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Aisha ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da nishaɗi ga sojoji, inda ta yi wa sojojin Sudan waƙa a yaƙin Gabashin Afirka da Arewacin Afirka. A shekarar 1942, ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi waƙa a gidan rediyon Sudan, inda ta rera zaɓaɓɓun waƙoƙin ta na gidan rediyon Omdurman (wanda Birtaniya ta kafa a shekarar da ta gabata). Ta yi wasa tare da ƴar uwarta, Jidawwiya, wadda ta yi wasan oud kuma tana da nata makada. Wasan da ’yan uwa mata suka yi ya samu karbuwa daga wajen masu sauraron gidan rediyon, amma masu sharhi na masu ra’ayin rikau sun yi Allah wadai da shi, kuma daga bisani wasu mawaka maza suka kauracewa gidan rediyon don nuna adawarsu. A wani lokaci, ƙiyayyar da ta fuskanta (sabili da jinsinta da ƙabilarta) ya sa ta yi tunanin ƙaura zuwa Najeriya.
Ta cigaba da samun farin jini, Aisha a ƙarshe ya halasta kasancewar mata a gidan rediyon jama’a, kuma a shekarunta na baya har ta yi rawar gani da mawaka maza. Gaba ɗaya, ta yi rikodin waƙoƙi sama da 150 a lokacin aikinta, galibi tayi ne a gidan rediyon Omdurman, kuma ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa shekarun 1960. An fi saninta da waƙoƙin ta na soyayya (wanda ake kira tom-tom, kuma mawaƙa maza ne suka rubuta), amma wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin ta na siyasa ne, kuma an san ta a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata, haƙƙin ma’aikata. yaƙi da mulkin mallaka, da kuma ƴancin kai na Sudan. Aisha ta zauna a Omdurman har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 1974, amma kuma ta kasance mai yawan ziyara a Masar. Ta yi aure sau biyu a rayuwarta: Ta rabu da mijinta na farko, Ibrahim Adbarawi, bayan shekara biyu ba ta haihu ba. Daga baya, ta auri Jiddu Kabli wadda ta haifi ƴaƴanta duka.
Eldorado
Eldorado Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois na yankin texas dake qasar amurka
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Elgin
Elgin Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Mário Balbúrdia
Mário César Azevedo Alves Balbúrdia (an haife a ranar 19 ga Agustan, 1997). shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Angola wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na Primeiro de Agosto da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Angola.
Babbar sana'a
Balbúrdia samfurin matasa ne na Primeiro de Agosto, kuma an yi muhawara tare da babban ƙungiyar a cikin shekarar 2018.
Ayyukan kasa
Balbúrdia ta yi karo/haɗuwa da tawagar ƙasar Angola a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Nahiyar Afirka 2019 da ta doke Botswana a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2018.
Christobel Katona
Christobel Katona (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na Black Rhinos Queens FC da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Zimbabwe.
Aikin kulob
Katona ta taka leda a kulob din Black Rhinos Queens na Zimbabwe a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CAF ta shekarar 2021 COSAFA Qualifiers.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Katona ta taka leda a Zimbabwe a babban mataki yayin gasar COSAFA ta mata ta shekarar 2021.
Dinah Banda
Aikin kulob
Dinah Banda ya bugawa Queen Lozikeyi Academy da ke Zimbabwe.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Banda ya taka leda a Zimbabwe a babban mataki yayin gasar COSAFA ta mata ta Shekarar 2020.
Dorothy Vena Johnson
Dorothy Vena Johnson (Mayu 7,1898 - 1970) mawaƙiyar Ba'amurkiya ce kuma malama wacce ke zaune a Los Angeles, California. A cikin 1939, ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na League of Allied Arts, ƙungiyar fasahar mata ta Ba-Amurke.
Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Dorothy Vena a Los Angeles, 'yar James Vena da matarsa Namie (née Plum). Shi ma’aikacin gidan waya ne, edita, kuma memba ne wanda ya kafa reshen Los Angeles na NAACP. Ta sami digiri na farko a Jami'ar Kudancin California da takardar shaidar koyarwa a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Ta auri wani lauya, Ivan Johnson III, kafin 1932. Ta rasu a shekara ta 1970, bayan da ta yi fama da zubar jini a kwakwalwa.
Aiki
Johnson da ma'aikacin zamantakewa Juanita Ellsworth Miller (matar wallafe-wallafe da alkali Loren Miller ) tayi aiki don inganta mawaƙa Langston Hughes lokacin da take Los Angeles, kuma daga wannan kwarewa sun haɗu da Ƙungiyar Allied Arts, ɗan Afirka- Ƙungiyar mata ta Amirka,a 1939. Johnson itace shugaban kungiyar tun kafa ta har zuwa tsakiyar 1950s. A lokacin aikinta kungiyar ta fara ba da tallafin karatu ga masu fasaha da marubuta baƙar fata,da haɓaka ƴan rawa, gabatarwar wasan kwaikwayo, da karatun marubuta, kuma ta goyi bayan zane-zanen Hijira na Yakubu Lawrence. A cikin 1962, an kira Johnson "Mace ta Shekara" ta California Alpha Psi Zeta babi na Zeta Phi Beta sorority.
Johnson ta koyar da aikin jarida ga ƙananan daliban makarantar sakandare a gundumar Unified School District na Los Angeles fiye da shekaru arba'in. Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Malaman Rubutun Ƙirƙirar Rubutun Los Angeles.Ita ce shugabar makarantar sakandare ta Garden Gate, ta yi ritaya a 1963.Daga cikin dalibanta akwai 'yar kasuwa Dolores Ratcliffe, wacce ta tuna da ita a matsayin "fitaccen mutum kuma daya ne kawai daga cikin malamai bakar fata guda biyu a makarantar firamare ta.A aji uku na yanke shawarar cewa zan zama kamar ita.”
Ita ce bakar fata ta farko a makarantar sakandare ta Los Angeles.
Gado
An sadaukar da Makarantar Sakandare ta Dorothy Vera Johnson a cikin Disamba 1980. Daga baya an san shi da Makarantar Ranar Jama'a ta Johnson, makarantar ci gaba na maki 7 zuwa 12, wacce ke a yankin masana'antu gabas da Titin Harbour a Kudancin Los Angeles.A cikin Oktoba 2008 an koma wani kusurwa na Bernstein High School kudu da Sunset Boulevard a Hollywood.
Tarin tarihin baƙar fata a Reshen Vernon na Laburaren Jama'a na Los Angeles an sanya wa Johnson suna a cikin 1971.
Ƙungiyar Allied Arts har yanzu tana aiki a Los Angeles;Ana adana takardunsa a UCLA.
Fik Grove
Fik GroveWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Saki Isasashen Waje
Tarihi
Sanarwar ta duniya ta asali ta kasance minista Romania Richard Wurmbrand ne ya kafa ta da sunan Christian Mission to the Communist World, bayan da aka sake shi daga ɗaurin kurkuku a Romania a cikin shekarun 1960s.
Ayyuka
Daga cikin manyan manufofin kungiyar sune:
Saki Isasshen waje yana tallafawa kuma yana buga mujallar da ake kira Saki.
Kafin wasannin Olympics na shekarata 2008, kungiyar ta bukaci Gwamnatin China da ta ba da tabbaci ga ‘yancin yin ibada ga dukkan‘ yan kasarsu.
Elizabeth Town I
Elizabeth Town IWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
=Manazarta=
Adel Hamek
Adel Hamek (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba 1992) ɗan wasan badminton ɗan Algeria ne wanda ya yi horo a ƙungiyar Chantecler a Bordeaux, Faransa. Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 14 da aka zaba don shirin road to Rio, shirin da ke da nufin taimakawa 'yan wasan badminton na Afirka don su shiga gasar Olympics ta shekarar 2016. Ya lashe gasar zakarun nahiyar Afrika na maza daya a shekarar 2017 da kuma na men's doubles a shekarar 2018.
Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka
Men's singles Men's doubles
Hukumar Kula Da Ƴan Gudun Hijira Ta Norway
Tarihi
NRC tana da ƴancin siyasa kuma ba ta da wani addini. Ita ce kawai kungiyar 'yan kasar Norway da ta kware a kokarin kasa da kasa don samar da taimako, kariya da kuma mafita mai dorewa ga mutanen da gudun hijirar ta shafa. NRC tana ɗaukar kusan ma'aikatan 16,500 da ma'aikata masu ƙarfafawa a ƙasashe 32 a duk faɗin Afirka, Asiya, Kudancin Amurka, Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Hedikwatar NRC tana cikin Oslo kuma tana da ma'aikata kusan 280. Bugu da ƙari kungiyar tana da hallara a Brussels, Geneva, Washington, DC, Berlin, London da Addis Ababa.
Adel Hamek
BWF International Challenge/Series
Men's doubles
Hukumar Kula Da Ƴan Gudun Hijira Ta Norway
Tarihi
An kafa NRC a shekarata 1946 da suna "Europahjelpen" ("Taimako ga Turai"), don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira a Turai bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II. Kuma a cikin shekarata 1953, kungiyar ta canza zuwa sunan ta na yanzu, Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC). A yau an shirya NRC a matsayin mai zaman kanta, tushe mai zaman kansa.
Babban abin da NRC ta fi mayar da hankali shi ne samar da agajin jin kai yayin matakin gaggawa na rikici ko bala'i. Yana bin hanyar gama gari, haƙƙin mallaka wanda ya haɗa da taimakon gaggawa da murmurewa da wuri yayin inganta ƙarfin hali da ɗorewar hanyoyin ƙaura.
Jan Egeland ya fara aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar a watan Agustan din shekarata 2013, inda ya maye gurbin Elisabeth Rasmusson wanda aka nada a matsayin mataimakiyar Daraktan Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya (WFP).
Ayyuka masu mahimmanci
Tsari : Gidan gaggawa, gidaje, makarantu da kafa wasu nau'ikan kayayyakin more rayuwa.
Abincin : Rarraba kayan abinci da kayan agaji wadanda ba na abinci ba.
Bayanai, shawarwari da taimakon shari'a (ICLA) : Yankunan da aka maida hankali kansu sun hada da gidaje, filaye da haƙƙoƙin mallaka, takaddun doka, rashin jihar da kuma tsarin matsayin Yan gudun hijira.
Ruwa, tsafta da tsafta : Samun tsabtataccen ruwan sha, tsabtace muhalli da kuma kula da sharar gida.
Ilimi : Shirye-shiryen ilimi sun shafi yara da matasa.
Gudanar da sansanin : Gudanar da aiyuka a sansanonin yan gudun hijira da sansanonin yan gudun hijira.
Hukumomi
NORCAP jadawalin jiran aiki ne wanda NRC ke gudanarwa kuma Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Norway ta ba da kuɗin wanda ya ƙunshi maza da mata 650 daga Norway, Afirka, Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Latin Amurka. Tun kafuwarta a shekarata 1991, an tura masana NORCAP akan aiyukan sama da 7000 a duk duniya.
Littattafai
Hangen nesa NRC a baya ta buga mujallar "Haske" sau huɗu a shekara. Mujallar ta mai da hankali kan yanayin taimakon bil'adama na siyasar duniya. An sayar da mujallar a cikin kasashe sama da 15.
Kyauta da yabo
A Nansen 'yan gudun hijira Award ne na kasa da kasa lambar yabo cewa an shekara-shekara da aka ba da MDD High Kwamishinan' Yan Gudun Hijira ( UNHCR ) zuwa wani mutum ko kungiya for fice aiki a madadin na tilas hijira. Tun a shekarata 2009 NRC ke aiki tare da UNCHR don shirya da aiwatar da bikin. Kyautar ta kunshi lambar yabo da kuma kyautar dala Amurka $ 100,000 da gwamnatocin Norway da Switzerland suka bayar.
2012 lamarin sace mutane
A watan Yulin shekarar 2012, an yi wa wasu motoci biyu dauke da wata babbar tawagar Majalisar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta kwanton-bauna a wajen sansanin Dadaab. An kashe wani direba sannan aka sace wasu ma’aikatan kasa da kasa hudu. A cewar kakakin Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijirar ta kasar Norway an gudanar da bincike game da hadarin kafin a yi zirga-zirga ta cikin Dadaab kuma an ayyana shi lafiya ga tafiya. Wani kwamandan ‘yan sandan Kenya ya ce an shirya wani rakiyar tsaro don rakiyar tawagar amma kungiyar ta ki.
Masarautar Baol
Masarautar Baol ko Bawol da ke tsakiyar kasar Senegal na ɗaya daga cikin masarautun da suka taso daga rabuwar daular Jolof (Diolof) a shekara ta 1555. Mai mulkinta shi ne (Teigne ko Teen) yayi sarauta daga babban birni a Diourbel.
Masarautar ta ƙunshi wani yanki mai faɗin a gabas daga teku zuwa babban birnin ƙasar kuma ya haɗa da garuruwan Touba da MBacke. Ya kuma kasance kai tsaye kudu da Masarautar Cayor da arewacin Masarautar Sine.
Baol ta shahara da dawakai. Tana da nau'ikan na musamman, wanda ke sauri kuma fiye da yawancin dawakai a kan filaye. ’Yan ƙasar Baol mahaya ne nagari.
Baol ta zama masarautar Wolof, amma ta haɗa da al'ummomin Serer-Safen da sauran ƙungiyoyin Serer.
Amari Ngoneh Sobel Faal, Damel na farko-Teign daga gidan Faal, jikan mahaifiyar Lingeer Sobel Joof, mahaifiyar Lingeer Ngoneh Sobel Njie (Faransa: Ngonē Sobel Ndiaye)- mahaifiyar Amari Ngoneh. Sobel Joof zuriyar Maad Ndaah Nemeh Joof ne, Sarkin Laah na Baol. Iyalin Faal waɗanda daga baya suka yi sarautar Cayor da Baol sun samo asali ne daga dangin Joof. Kawai sun yi aure a cikin daular sarauta da ta fi girma.
An fara mamaye Baol na Faransa a cikin shekarar 1859. Yawancin Baol da Faransawa suka mamaye a cikin shekarar 1874, duk da haka Faransa ba ta sami cikakken ikon mulkin tsohuwar daular ba sai a shekarar 1895. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin yaƙin Gwamna Louis Faidherbe wanda ya jagoranci cin nasarar Cayor a shekarar 1886.
Jerin sarakuna
Sunaye da kwanakin da aka karɓa daga Ƙasashen Afirka da Masu Mulki na John Stewart:
Matsayi wanda ba kowa daga 1777 zuwa 1809
Manazarta
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Jihadin Yara
Yaƙin Jihadin Yara ya kasance sanannen yaƙine da Kiristoci a Turai sukayi don kafa Masarautar ƙudus ta Latin ta biyu a cikin Holyasa Mai Tsarki, wanda aka ce ya faru a shekarar 1212. 'Yan yaƙin basasar sun bar yankunan Arewacin Faransa, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Stephen na Cloyes, da Jamus, karkashin jagorancin Nicholas. Tarihin gargajiyar na iya haɗuwa daga wasu abubuwan da suka faru na gaskiya da na almara waɗanda suka haɗa da wahayin da wani ɗan Faransa da wani Bajamushe, da niyyar musulmai a cikin ƙasa Mai Tsarki zuwa cikin Kiristanci cikin lumana, ƙungiyar yara da ke tafiya zuwa Italiya, da yara da ake sayarwa cikin bautar a Tunis.
Asusun gargajiya
Abubuwan bambance-bambancen tarihin daɗaɗɗen labarin Yaƙin Jihadin Yara yana da jigogi iri ɗaya. Yaro ya fara wa’azi a cikin Faransa ko Jamus; yayi ikirarin cewa Yesu ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya bashi umarnin jagorantar yakin Jihadi domin musuluntar da kirista cikin lumana. Ta hanyar jerin abubuwan al'ajabi da mu'ujizai, ya sami biyan yara har zuwa yara 30,000. Yana jagorantar mabiyansa kudu zuwa tekun Bahar Rum, tare da imanin cewa tekun zai rabu kan isowarsu, wanda zai bashi damar shi da mabiyansa suyi tafiya zuwa Kudus. Wannan baya faruwa. Ana sayar da yaran ga wasu 'yan kasuwa biyu, waɗanda ke ba yara da yawa izinin tafiya a kwale-kwale kamar yadda suke so. Daga nan sai a dauke mahajjatan zuwa Tunisia, inda 'yan kasuwa ke siyar da su a matsayin bayi ko kuma su mutu a cikin wani jirgin ruwan da ya kife a Tsibirin San Pietro da ke kusa da Sardinia a lokacin da ake yin haya.
Lissafin zamani
A cewar masu bincike na kwanan nan, da alama akwai ƙungiyoyi biyu na mutane (na kowane zamani) a cikin shekarar 1212 a Jamus da Faransa. Abubuwan kamanceceniya guda biyu sun bawa marubutan tarihin daga baya damar haɗawa da ƙawata tatsuniyoyin.
Nicholas na Cologne a Jamus
Wasu daga cikin mafi sadaukarwa membobin wannan Jihadi daga baya an ba da rahoton cewa sun yi yawo zuwa Ancona da Brindisi ; babu wanda aka sani ya isa Kasa mai tsarki.
Stephen na Cloyes a Faransa
A ƙarshen Yunin 1212, Istifanas ya jagoranci manyan Can cibiyyar daga Vendôme zuwa Marseilles. Sun rayu ne ta hanyar rokon abinci, yayin da akasarin suke ganin kamar sun gaji da wahalar wannan tafiya kuma sun koma ga danginsu.
Majiya
A cewar Peter Raedts, farfesa a Tarihin Zamani a Jami'ar Radboud Nijmegen, akwai kusan 50 tushe daga lokacin da ke magana game da jihadi, jere daga 'yan jimloli zuwa rabin shafi. Raedts ya kasafta tushen zuwa gida uku dangane da lokacin da aka rubuta su:
Raedts baya ɗaukar tushen bayan 1250 a matsayin mai iko, kuma waɗanda suke kafin 1250, yana ɗaukar kusan 20 kawai masu iko ne. Sai a cikin labaran da ba na izini ba daga baya ne ake nuna “yaƙin yara” kamar yadda marubutan irin su Vincent na Beauvais, Roger Bacon, Thomas na Cantimpré, Matthew Paris da sauransu suka nuna.
Nazarin tarihi
Kafin karatun da Raedts yayi na 1977, ba a da ɗan littattafan tarihi kaɗan da ke binciken Yaƙin Childrenananan Yara. Na farko sun kasance daga Bafaranshen nan G. de Janssens (1891) da Reinhold Rinhricht na Jamus (1876). Sun bincika kafofin amma basuyi nazarin labarin ba. Ba'amurken zamanin Dana Carleton Munro (1913-14), a cewar Raedts, ya ba da mafi kyawun binciken hanyoyin har zuwa yau kuma shi ne farkon wanda ya bayar da cikakken bayani mai ma'ana game da Jihadi da aka cire labarin almara. Daga baya, JE Hansbery (1938–99) ya buga gyaran aikin Munro, amma tun daga nan ba a yarda da shi ba bisa tushen tushe. Wani masanin ilimin hauka na Bajamushe Justus Hecker (1865) ya ba da fassarar asali game da yaƙin, amma ya zama takaddama game da "halin rashin lafiyar da ke damun addini" wanda tun daga nan aka ƙi yarda da shi.
P. Alphandery (1916) ya fara wallafa ra'ayinsa game da yakin jihadi a cikin 1916 a wata kasida wacce daga baya aka buga ta cikin sigar littafi a 1959. Ya dauki labarin yakin jihadi a matsayin nuna al'adun zamanin da na Innocents, a matsayin wani nau'in sadaukarwa wanda Innocents suka ba da kansu don amfanin Kiristendam ; duk da haka, ya dogara da ra'ayoyinsa akan wasu tushe mara tushe.
Adolf Waas (1956) ya ga 'Yaƙin Jihadi na Yara a matsayin bayyanar tsoron Allah da kuma nuna adawa da ɗaukaka yaƙin mai tsarki. HE Mayer (1960) ya ƙara haɓaka ra'ayoyin Alphandery na Masu laifi, yana cewa yara zaɓaɓɓun mutanen Allah ne saboda sune mafi talauci; da yake fahimtar tsafin talauci, ya ce "Yunkurin Yaran ya nuna nasarar da kuma gazawar ra'ayin talauci." Giovanni Miccoli (1961) shine farkon wanda ya lura cewa majiyar zamani ba ta nuna mahalarta matsayin yara ba. Wannan fitowar ce ta lalata duk sauran fassarar, sai dai watakila na Norman Cohn (1957) wanda ya gan shi a matsayin motsi na chiliastic wanda talakawa ke ƙoƙarin tserewa daga baƙin cikin rayuwar su ta yau da kullun. A cikin littafinsa Yara na Jihadi: Tarihin Zamani, Tarihin Zamani (2008), Gary Dickson yayi magana game da karuwar yawan "rashin yuwuwar" motsi a fadin Yammacin Turai a lokacin. Wadanda suka shahara saboda kauracewa duk wani nau'I na dukiya da kin shiga gidan sufi, zasuyi tafiya cikin rukuni-rukuni kuma su dogara da kananan gudummawa ko abinci daga wadanda suka saurari wa'azinsu don su rayu. Paparoman ya fitar da su daga waje, ya tilasta musu yin yawo kuma wataƙila sun ƙunshi babban ɓangare na abin da ake kira "Yaƙin Jihadi na Yara". Bayan yakin basasa bai yi nasara ba, Paparoma ya bayyana cewa masu bautar Nicholas da Stephen sun kunyata shugabannin kirista duka.
Shahararrun asusun
Bayan karatun kimiyya akwai shahararrun juzu'i da ra'ayoyi game da Jihadin Yara. Norman Zacour a cikin binciken A Tarihin yaƙe-yaƙe (1962) gabaɗaya yana bin shawarar Munro, kuma ya ƙara da cewa akwai rashin kwanciyar hankali na zamani, yana kammala Yarjejeniyar Yara "har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin jerin fashewar zamantakewar jama'a, ta inda maza da mata na da. —Da yara ma - an sami saki ”.
Steven Runciman ya ba da labarin Yaƙin Jihadin Childrenananan yara a cikin littafinsa na Tarihin yaƙe-yaƙe. Raedts ya lura da cewa "Duk da cewa ya faɗi labarin Munro a cikin bayanan nasa, amma labarin nasa yana da ban tsoro ta yadda hatta mai karancin karatu zai yi mamaki ko da gaske ne ya fahimce shi." Donald Spoto, a cikin wani littafin 2002 game da Saint Francis na Assisi, ya ce sufaye suna da kwarin gwiwa ya kira su yara, kuma ba yawo da talakawa ba, saboda ana daukar kasancewar talakawa masu tsoron Allah kuma Cocin tana jin kunyar dukiyarta sabanin talakawa. Wannan, a cewar Spoto, ya fara al'adun adabi ne wanda shahararren labarin yara ya samo asali. Wannan ra'ayin yana bin HE Mayer a hankali.
Gyarawa
Masanin tarihin Holland din Peter Raedts, a cikin wani binciken da aka buga a 1977, shine farkon wanda ya sanya shakku kan labarin gargajiya na waɗannan abubuwan. Yawancin masana tarihi sun gaskata cewa su ba (ko ba da farko ba) yara ne, amma ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na "matalauta masu yawo" a cikin Jamus da Faransa. Wannan ya zo da yawa daga kalmomin "parvuli" ko "jarirai" da aka samo a cikin asusun biyu na taron daga William na Andres da Alberic na Troisfontaines. Babu wasu asusun daga lokaci wanda yake ba da shawarar shekaru ko kaɗan, amma ma'anar kalmomin biyu suna ba da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Marubutan Zamani suna raba rayuwa zuwa manyan sassa huɗu tare da bambancin shekarun da ke tattare da su. Cocin daga baya ta zaɓi wannan rabe-raben zuwa lambar hada-hadar al'umma, tare da maganar tana nufin ma'aikatan albashi ko leburori wada5nda suka kasance matasa kuma basu da gado. Chronica regia Coloniensis, wanda aka rubuta a 1213 (shekara guda bayan da aka ce yakin jihadi ya faru), yana nufin masu murƙushe 'yan tawaye wadanda suka "bar garmaho ko keken da suke tukawa, da garken da suke kiwo", suna ƙarawa ra'ayin ba shine "puerti" zamanin ba, amma "puerti" ne mai mulkin al'umma. Wata ma'ana, pueri, ana fassara ta daidai cikin yara, amma a kaikaice na nufin "marasa ƙarfi". Da yawa daga cikinsu sun yi ƙoƙari su isa Holyasa Mai Tsarki amma wasu ba su yi niyyar zuwa ba. Rahotannin farko na abubuwan da suka faru, wanda akwai bambancin ra'ayi da yawa da aka fada tsawon ƙarnuka, bisa ga wannan ka'idar, galibi apocryphal ne.
Raedts "matalauta masu yawo" ba tare da asusun yara ba an sake duba su a cikin 2008 ta Gary Dickson wanda ya ci gaba da cewa yayin da ba ta kasance ta ainihin yara ba, sun wanzu kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa.
A cikin zane-zane
Yawancin ayyukan fasaha suna nuni ne ga Yaƙin Jihadi na Yara; wannan jeri an mai da hankali ne kan ayyukan da aka saita a Zamani kuma an fi mai da hankali kan sake ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru. Jihadin Yara (disambiguation).
Afaha Urua Essien
Afaha Urua Essien ƙauye ne a Etinan ƙaramar hukumar jihar Akwa Ibom,Najeriya.
Arturo Vidal
Arturo Erasmo Vidal Pardo Lafazin Mutanen Espanya: [aɾˈtuɾo e ˈɾasmo βiˈðal ˈpaɾðo]; (an haife shi ne a ranar 22 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1987) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Chile wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga Athletico Paranaense da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Chile. , Rey Arturo ("Sarki Arthur") da La Piranha ta 'yan jaridu na Italiya saboda taurin kai da tsaurin ra'ayi, salon wasansa.
Sani Sha'aban
Sani Mohammed Sha'aban (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Agustan,a shekara ta alif dari tara da hamsin da takwas 1958) Miladiyya.a Zariya, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya ɗan siyasa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa. Ya taɓa zama ɗan majalisar wakilan Najeriya daga watan Mayun 2003 zuwa Mayun 2007 mai wakiltar Zariya.
Dipo
Dipo bikin gargajiya ne na kasar Ghana da al'ummar kasar Krobo ke yi a yankin Gabashin Ghana. Ana gudanar da bikin ne a cikin watan Afrilu na kowace shekara. Ana amfani da bikin ne don shigar da ’yan mata balaga ko balaga, kuma yana nuna cewa yarinyar da ke halarta ta kai shekarun aure. Da iyaye suka ji sanarwar bikin sun aika da ƙwararrun ’yan matan zuwa wurin babban firist. Sai dai kuma wadannan ’yan mata sai sun yi ta al’ada da gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da tsaftar su kafin su samu damar halartar bikin.
A ranar farko ta bikin, 'yan matan suna aske kawunansu da kuma sanye da mayafi a kugunsu har zuwa gwiwa. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar uwa ta musamman na al'ada kuma yana nuna canjin su daga ƙuruciya zuwa girma. Ana nuna su ga dukkan al'umma a matsayin masu farawa (dipo-yo).
Daga nan sai a zaunar da ’yan matan na tsawon mako guda, inda ake ba su horo kan yadda ake girki, da kula da gida, da haihuwa da renon yara. Mata masu tsafi suna ba su darussa na musamman kan lalata da yadda mazajensu za su yi tsammanin za a yi musu. Suna koyon raye-rayen Klama da za a yi a ranar ƙarshe na bukukuwan.
Bayan kammala karatun sati daya, an sallame su, jama'a sun taru domin murnar sauya shekarsu zuwa mace. An sanye su da kyau sanye da kayan kente mai arziƙi wanda aka haɗa da beads a kusa da kugu, wuyansu da hannaye. Tare da rera waƙa da ganguna, suna yin rawan Klama. A wannan lokacin, duk wani namiji mai sha'awar ɗayansu zai iya fara bincike game da danginta. Ana ɗauka cewa duk macen da ta shiga cikin ayyukan ibada ba kawai tana kawo wa kanta girma ba amma ga danginta gaba ɗaya. Ana yin hakan ne domin farantawa mata matasa sanin nauyin da ya rataya a wuyansu kafin su shiga aure.
Marjory Nyaumwe
Marjory Nyaumwe (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli shekarar 1987) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar Zimbabwe.
Islam Elbeiti
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Elbeiti a Khartoum, babban birnin Sudan, a matsayin babba a cikin 'ya'ya biyar, yaya daya da mata uku. Ta girma a Sudan, Habasha, China da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC).
Marjory Nyaumwe
Rayuwa
An haifi ta a watan Nyaumwe a shekarar 1987. Tsananin sha'awarta a harkar kwallon kafa iyayenta ne suka dora mata laifin rashin sakamakon jarabawarta na makaranta. Nyaumwe ta amince ta daina wasan amma babu wata sana'a mai inganci kuma ta koma kungiyar ta bayan ta zauna a gida a shekarar 2010. Iyayenta sun ga nasarar da ta samu a lokacin da take cikin tawagar da ta lashe kofin COSAFA. Ta karbi dala 4,000 daga hannun shugaba Robert Mugabe kuma ta kashe wasu daga cikin wannan tsawaita gidan iyayenta.
Islam Elbeiti
Aikin kiɗa
Elbeiti tana kunna jazz, reggae da Afro-pop a cikin makada daban-daban akan guitar bass na lantarki. Ita ma mai gabatar da shirye-shirye ce a gidan rediyon Capital Radio 91.6 FM da ke birnin Khartoum don wani shiri mai suna "Jazzified", inda take magana kan batutuwan da suka shafi jazz. A watan Disamba na 2017, ta ba da gudummawa ga sashen kiɗa da fasaha na bugu na farko na Karmakol International Festival, wanda aka gudanar a ƙauyen Karmakol a arewacin Sudan. Kungiyoyin farar hula ne suka shirya wannan biki domin nuna al'adun gargajiya na Sudan da kuma jan hankalin jama'ar Sudan da sauran kasashen duniya baki da masu fasaha. Har ila yau, Elbeiti ta yi wasa kai tsaye a kan dandali tare da fitaccen mawakin Sudan, mawaƙin Nile, mazaunin UAE.
Marjory Nyaumwe
Rayuwa
Ita mamba ce a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Zimbabwe kuma ta wakilci kasar a wasansu na farko a gasar Olympics a gasar Olympics ta lokacin zafi ta shekarar 2016.
Manazarta
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Islam Elbeiti
Aikin kiɗa
A cikin 2021, Zakia Abdul Gassim Abu Bakr, mace ta farko da ta yi kida a Sudan kuma matar Sharhabil Ahmed, ta sanar da fitar da wani kundi mai zuwa na kungiyar mata ta Sawa Sawa, gami da Islam Elbeiti.
Ilimi da ayyukan sana'a
Elbeiti ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha (UMST) da ke Khartoum tare da digiri na farko a fannin gudanar da kasuwanci da gudanarwa. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukanta a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a, ita ma'aikaciyar shirye-shirye ce a cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya Impact Hub a Khartoum.
A cikin 2017, ta ba da jawabi a kan taron TEDxYouth a Kinshasa, a cikin hanyar waƙar magana mai taken Don’t Kill Them. A watan Agustan 2019, Majalisar Biritaniya a Sudan ta zabi Elbeiti a matsayin 'Mawaƙin Watan', duka saboda ayyukanta na mawaƙa da kuma shigarta cikin ƙungiyoyin farar hula.
Masarautar Zimbabwe
Masarautar Zimbabwe (c. 1220–1450) ta kasance daular Shona (Karanga) ta tsakiya wacce take a Zimbabwe ta zamani. Babban birninta, shine Masvingo na yau (ma'ana garu), wanda akafi kira Great Zimbabwe, shine tsarin dutse mafi girma a Kudancin Afirka na mulkin mallaka. Wannan masarauta ta samo asali ne bayan rugujewar Masarautar Mapungubwe.
Suna
Sunan "Zimbabwe" ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Shona na Great Zimbabwe, birni na tsakiya a kudu maso gabashin kasar wanda yanzu ya zama wurin kariya. Ka'idoji guda biyu daban-daban suna magana game da asalin kalmar. Majiyoyi da yawa sun ɗauka cewa "Zimbabwe" ta samo asali ne daga dzimba-dza-mabwe, wanda aka fassara daga yaren Karanga na Shona a matsayin "gidaje na duwatsu" (dzimba=jam'in imba, "gida"; mabwe=jam'in bwe, "dutse"). Mutanen Shona na Kalanga suna zaune a kusa da Zimbabwe a lardin Masvingo na zamani. Masanin ilimin archaeologist Peter Garlake ya yi iƙirarin cewa "Zimbabwe" tana wakiltar wani nau'i na kwangila na dzimba-hwe, wanda ke nufin "gidaje masu daraja" a cikin yaren Zezuru na Shona kuma yawanci yana ambaton gidaje ko kaburbura.
Asali
Ko da yake an kafa Masarautar Zimbabuwe a zamanin da, binciken kayan tarihi a yankin ya nuna cewa kafa jihohi a nan ya fi dadadden tarihi. Tunanin farko sun nuna cewa a farkon ƙarni na 11, mutane daga Masarautar Mapungubwe a Kudancin Afirka sun ƙaura zuwa arewa zuwa yankin Zimbabwe. Sabbin bincike da shaidu sun nuna cewa an mamaye babban wurin Zimbabuwe tun a shekara ta 600 miladiyya kuma birnin da Masarautar juyin halitta ne na al'adun Gumanye da Gokomere, wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna nan.
Manazarta
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Abdullah bin Md Zin
Abdullah bin Md Zin (Jawi: عبدالله بن مد زين; an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1946) tsohon memba ne na majalisar dokokin Malaysia na mazabar Besut a Terengganu wanda ke aiki na wa'adi biyu daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa 2013 kuma memba ne na kungiyar United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), memba ne na jam'iyyar Barisan Nasional coalition.
Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Abdullah a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 1946 a Alor Selinsing, Jerteh, Besut, Terengganu. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina, ya kammala a 1972 tare da digiri na farko a Nazarin Musulunci.
A shekara ta 1973, ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin Syariah daga Jami'ar Al-Azhar, Misira, kafin ya sami difloma a Ilimi daga Jami'an Ain Shams. An ba shi digiri na biyu na Falsafa daga Jami'ar Kent, Ingila, a shekarar 1986.
Abdullah ya zama malami a shekara ta 1976, da farko a Kolej Islam Klang sannan a Jami'ar Kasa ta Malaysia (UKM). A shekara ta 1998, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban Faculty of Islamic Studies kuma a 1999 ya zama farfesa. A shekara ta 2000, an nada shi a matsayin Mataimakin Rector (Academic and Research) a Kolej Universiti Islam Malaysia (KUIM) a Nilai, Negeri Sembilan.
Siyasa
Abdullah ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa na koyarwa na KUIM (amma ya yi ritaya da wuri daga aikin gwamnati a 58) don ya zama dan takarar Barisan Nasional don kujerar majalisar tarayya ta Besut, Terengganu a zaben 2004. Jam'iyyar adawa ta Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) ce ta rike kujerar. Abdullah ya lashe kujerar, inda ya doke Nasharudin Mat Isa na PAS.
Daga baya, Abdullah ya zama memba na Majalisar Koli ta UMNO kuma Minista a Sashen Firayim Minista Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. Bayan zaben 2008, an sauke shi daga majalisar ministoci kuma a zaben jam'iyyar UMNO na 2009, ya kasa riƙe matsayi a Majalisar Koli ta jam'iyyar.
Lokacin da Najib Tun Razak ya zama Firayim Minista a shekara ta 2009, Abdullah ya zama mai ba da shawara kan harkokin addinin Islama. Koyaya, Abdullah bai sake tsayawa takarar kujerarsa ta majalisa a zaben 2013, kodayake ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan addini na Najib.
Masarautar Saloum
Masarautar Saloum (yaren Serer: Saluum ko Saalum) masarautar Serer/Wolof a Senegal ta yau. Sarakunanta na iya kasancewa na Mandinka/Kaabu ne. Babban birnin Saloum shine birnin Kahone. 'Yar'uwar masarautar Sine ce. Tarihinsu, labarin kasa da al'adunsu suna da alaƙa kuma an saba kiran su da Sine-Saloum.
Tarihi
Saloum, kamar masarautar 'yar'uwarta (Masarautar Sine), sananniya ce wacce ke da tudu  da yawa ko "tumuli" mai ɗauke da kaburburan sarakuna da sauransu. Masarautar tana da da'irar dutse masu ban mamaki da yawa waɗanda ba a san ayyukansu da tarihinsu ba sai kwanan nan.
Masanin tarihi Donald R. Wright ya bayyana cewa “A cikin shekaru goma na karshe na ƙarni na goma sha biyar, wasu gungun ‘yan ƙabilar Kaabu sun yi kaura zuwa arewacin kogin Gambia inda suka mamaye wani yanki da ke gefen kudancin daular Jolof mai rauni. Daga wani ƙauye kusa da bakin kogin Saloum, ba da daɗewa ba waɗannan zuriyar suka gauraya da mazaunan Wolof da Serer kuma suka kafa jihar Saloum." A cewar Abdou Bouri Ba Masarautar Saloum a baya ana kiranta da Mbey (a cikin Serer) kuma Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour ta sake mata suna Saloum a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15 (c. 1494). Tsawon ƙarni da yawa kafin a sake mata suna, ana kiran babban birninta Ngap. Dangane da al'adar baka ta Serer, an sanya mata suna ne bayan Saalum Suwareh, marabout na Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (bambancin: Mbegani Ndour). Al’adar ta ci gaba da cewa, Saalum Suwareh ya amince ya ba Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (asali daga Masarautar Sine) juju fetish domin ya kayar da kuma wanda ya ci Toucouleur da ‘yan maraba na musulmi muddin ya yi alkawarin sake sunan kasar sau ɗaya. ya yi nasara. Mbgan Ndour ya amince. Bayan wannan kwantiragin na baka, Mbegan Ndour ya kayar da Ali Elibana kuma ya kori dakarun sa na musulmi daga Saloum ya yi mulki a kasar. Kamar Masarautar Sine, mutanen Serer sun mamaye mafi yawan jama'a kuma suna mulki. Gabaɗaya ana kiran su biyun da Sarakunan Serer. Yawancin sassa na Gambia a yau sun kasance yankunan da Masarautar Saloum ta yi wa mulkin mallaka. Da farko, Saloum ta mike kudu zuwa gabar zuwa arewa na kogin Gambiya. Gambiya ta yau ana kiranta da Lower Saloum. Upper Saloum shine inda Saloum na zamani yake a Senegal. Saloum kuma yana da iko na ɗan lokaci a Masarautar Baol. Jihohin Sabakh da Sandial Fara Sabakh da Fara Sandial ne suka mulki (laƙabi na sarakuna), kuma dukansu sun kasance na sarki a Kahone (Maad Saloum). A wajen 1862, Sambou Oumanneh Touray, almajirin Maba Diakhou Bâ ya kaddamar da jihadi a Sabakh da Sandial. Bayan ya ci Fara Sabakh da Fara Sandial, da yaki ya shiga kasashen biyu tare (don haka : Sabakh-Sandial) kuma ya mulki shi. Fara Sabakh na ƙarshe da Fara Sandial sun mutu a wannan jihadin. A lokacin daular uba na Serer da Guelowar daga karni na 15 zuwa 1969, kusan sarakuna 50 ne aka naɗa. Sarakunan sun ci gaba da gudanar da zaman kotun a Kahone, amma Kaolack makwabciyarsa ta mamaye birnin kasuwanci.
Masu bincike na Portuguese a cikin ƙarni na 15 sun kira Saloum a matsayin masarautar Borçalo, bayan 'Bor-ba-Saloum' (Wolof corruption for "king of Saloum"-Maad Saloum).
Ko da yake Masarautar ta ci wasu manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da Faransawa, daga baya aka ci ta da yaki. Koyaya, kamar Masarautar Sine, daular sarautar ta tsira har zuwa shekarar 1969, lokacin da sarkin Saloum na ƙarshe, Fode N'Gouye Joof ya rasu. Shekarar mutuwarsa ta yi daidai da mutuwar Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof, wanda shi ne sarkin Sine. Waɗannan sarakuna biyu sune sarakunan Serer na ƙarshe kuma na ƙarshe na Senegambia. Bayan mutuwarsu, an shigar da Masarautun biyu cikin sabuwar jamhuriyar Senegal mai cin gashin kanta wacce ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960. Don haka Masarautar Sine da Masarautar Saloum sune masarautu na ƙarshe kafin mulkin mallaka na Senegambia da suka rayu har zuwa ƙarni na 20.
Agarabe
Agarabe ƙauye ne a ƙaramar hukumar Abijihar Cross River, Najeriya.
Mulkin Calontir
Masarautar Calontir ɗaya ce daga cikin “masarautu” ashirin, ko yankuna, na Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA), ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke sadaukar da kai don bincike da sake fasalin abubuwan tsakiyar zamanai. Calontir tana cikin tsakiyar yammacin Amurka kuma ta haɗa da ƙungiyoyin SCA na gida kusan 40 a Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, da (yankin Fayetteville na) Arkansas. Calontir tana da iyaka a gabas da Masarautar Tsakiya, a kudu da masarautun Gleann Abhann da Ansteorra, a yamma da Masarautar Outlands, a arewa kuma da Masarautar Northshield.
Tarihi
Sunan Calontir da yawa sun yi imanin cewa Welsh ne da "Heartland";   duk da haka, wannan ba daidai ba ne. "Heartland" a matsayin kalma ɗaya a cikin Welsh zai zama "cikakke." "heartland" kamar yadda kalmomi biyu suka fi kama da "Calontir;" an fassara shi zuwa Welsh a matsayin "tir y galon" ko "Calondir." Bayan lokaci kuskuren ya zama gama gari. Ta fara a matsayin sarauta a cikin Masarautar Tsakiyar a cikin shekarar 1981-2 (AS XVI a cikin kalandar SCA ) kuma a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 1984 (AS XVIII) ta zama masarauta ta goma na SCA. An san sarki na farko da sarauniya na Calontir da Chepe l'Orageux da Arwyn Antaradi.
Arms na masarautar, wanda aka yiwa rajista a watan Janairu 1984, sune: Purpure, cross na Calatrava, a cikin babban kambi, a cikin bordure furen laurel Ko.
Manazarta
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Gata Mupeti
Priviledge Mupeti (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Zimbabwe.
Miriam Engelberg ne adam wata
Miriam Engelberg (77 ga Janairu, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da takwas - Marubuciyar littafin barkwanci ne na Amurka, wanda ta rubuta mujallar tarihin rayuwar Yadda Ciwon daji Ya Sa Ni Kaunar Talabijin da Kalmomi (Cancer Ya Sa Ni Mutum Mai Shallower). A cikin wannan littafin tarihin ban dariya, Miriam Engelberg cikin raha ta kwatanta rayuwarta ta yau da kullun a matsayin mai haƙuri da ciwon nono. Miriam Engelberg ta mutu17 octobre 2006Oktoba 17, 2006 , bayan metastases sun isa kwakwalwarsa.
Gata Mupeti
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Mupeti ta yi wa Zimbabwe wasa a babban mataki yayin gasar COSAFA ta mata ta shekarar 2021.
Agbadi
Agbadi ƙauye ne a jihar Benue, gabashin Najeriya.
Geography
Ƙauyen yana 15 km arewa maso gabas da Makurdi, babban birnin jihar, kuma yana 6 km daga arewacin kogin Benue.
Hakkin Dan Adam a Slovakia
Dokokin Slovakia ne ke tafiyar da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Slovakia kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Majalisar Turai ke kula da su.
Tushen doka
Babi na biyu na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Slovakia ya zayyana hakkoki da yancin da doka ta tanadar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haƙƙoƙin rayuwa, keɓantawa, tsari, mutunci, dukiya, addini, yancin motsi, yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, ‘yancin yin jarida, koke, ƙungiya, da jefa ƙuri’a, da ’yanci daga azabtarwa, azaba mai zafi, da bauta. Kundin tsarin mulki ya kuma ba da tabbacin cewa ba za a iya kare haƙƙin ta hanyar nuna wariya ba.
Ƴancin siyasa
Ofishin mai kare hakkin jama'a da Cibiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Slovak ne ke da alhakin kare hakki a Slovakia. Hukumar tsaro da hadin gwiwa a Turai ta gano cewa zabe a Slovakia yana da 'yanci da adalci.
Dokar ta tanadi bayyana matakin da gwamnati ta dauka, sannan ana bayyana kwangilolin gwamnati ga jama'a. Cin hanci da rashawa da jami'an gwamnati ke yi wani laifi ne a karkashin dokar Slovak, kuma an gano wasu kebabbun al'amura na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnati. Gwamnatin Slovakia ta aiwatar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. ‘Yan sanda sun gudanar da samame na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, kuma an tuhumi jami’an jihar da dama da laifukan almundahana da laifuka tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa 2021. Mata da kungiyoyin LGBT ba su da wakilci a siyasa.
Indexididdigar Demokraɗiyya ta ƙididdige Slovakia a matsayin "Demokraɗiyya mara kyau" a 2021 da maki 7.03 cikin 10, wanda ya sanya ta 45 a cikin ƙasashe 167. Freedom House ya kima Slovakia a matsayin "Yanci" a 2022 tare da maki 90 cikin 100.
Fataucin mutane
Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kebe rigakafin fataucin bil adama na Slovakia a matsayin "Tier 2", ma'ana "ba ta cika cikakkiyar ma'auni na kawar da fataucin ba amma tana yin gagarumin kokarin yin hakan". Sashi na 179 na kundin laifuffuka ya aikata laifin fataucin mutane, tare da hukuncin dauri daga shekaru hudu zuwa goma. A cikin 2021, Slovakia ta ƙaddamar da bincike 15 game da fataucin jima'i, huɗu don aikin tilastawa, uku don barace-barace. Gwamnatin Slovakia kuma tana ba da tallafi ga wata kungiya mai zaman kanta don tallafawa wadanda fataucin bil adama ya shafa.
Tsarin tsari
tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba, hana rayuwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, da azabtarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma ba a yin su a Slovakia. Ana mutunta dokokin da suka shafi hukumci na rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanci, kodayake ana samun rahotannin cin zarafin 'yan sanda na lokaci-lokaci. An ba wa wadanda ake tuhuma damar yin shari’a ta gaskiya, da shari’a mai zaman kanta, da zaton ba su da laifi, da kuma lauyan lauya. Amincewa da hukumar shari'a mai zaman kanta ta yi rauni a Slovakia saboda zargin cin hanci da rashawa da rashin aiki. A cewar Tarayyar Turai, kawai 28% na 'yan ƙasar Slovak sun amince da sashin shari'a kamar na 2021.
Magana
‘Yancin fadin albarkacin baki da ‘yancin ‘yan jarida suna da tabbacin a karkashin dokar Slovakia. Ana ɗaukar dokokin cin mutunci a matsayin laifuffuka masu laifi kuma an yi amfani da su don taƙaita rahotanni daga kafafen yada labarai da kuma murkushe sukar 'yan siyasa da sauran fitattun mutane. Kalaman ƙiyayya da musun Holocaust laifuffuka ne. Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Ján Kuciak a shekara ta 2018 a matsayin mayar da martani ga bincikensa kan cin hanci da rashawa ya nuna babban hari kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a Slovakia.
LGBT
Wariya kan yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi haramun ne, amma ba a aiwatar da wannan doka akai-akai. Wakilan siyasa na mutanen LGBT a Slovakia yana da iyaka. 'Yan siyasa ba kasafai ake gane su a matsayin LGBT ba kuma maganganun jama'a na tozarta al'ummar LGBT abu ne gama gari. Gwamnati na buƙatar mutanen da ke neman amincewar jinsi ta doka da a lalata su.
Kabilanci da kabilanci
Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tabbatar da daidaito a kan kabila, kasa, kabila, da kowane matsayi. An fi hukunta laifukan ƙiyayya a Slovakia. Ana aiwatar da dokokin hana wariya ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, musamman mutanen Romawa suna fuskantar wariya, tsangwama, da zaluncin 'yan sanda. Mutanen Romani galibi ana keɓance su daga wasu ƙungiyoyi a Slovakia, kuma ba a cika bincikar laifuffukan da ake yi wa Romani ba. Gwamnatin Slovakia ta amince da rawar da ta taka a tilastawa dubunnan matan Romani haifuwa.
Addini
Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya bayyana cewa babu wani addini a kasar Slovakia kuma an tabbatar da daidaito a kan addini. Amincewa da gwamnati na kungiyoyin addini yana ba da gata na musamman kamar hidima a gidajen yari, yin bukukuwan aure, da karɓar tallafi. Don a ba da izini, ana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin addini su gabatar da sa hannun mabiya 50,000. Ana buƙatar ɗalibai su halarci koyarwar addini a makaranta, kodayake akwai sauran zaɓuɓɓuka. Abubuwan da ke ba da shawarar nuna wariya ko ƙiyayya ga ƙungiyar addini haramun ne kuma hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru takwas a kurkuku. Duk da haka, kyamar kyamar baki da kyamar Islama sun zama ruwan dare a Slovakia, kuma duka biyun sun zama ruwan dare a yakin neman zabe na jam'iyyun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.
Berita Kabwe
Berita Kabwe (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1990) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NWFL Premiership Rivers Angels FC da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Zimbabwe.
Agbaja mine
Ma’adinan Agbaja wani katon wajen ma’adanin karfe ne da ke tsakiyar Najeriya jihar Kogi. Agbaja tana madadin daya daga cikin manyan ma'adinan tama a Najeriya da kuma duniya dake da kiyasin tanada tan biliyan 1.25 na tama wanda ya kai kashi 48% na karafa.
Agbaja
Agbaja yanki ne na wani katafaren ma'adanan karfe a jihar Kogi dake tsakiyar Najeriya.
Mutane
Mutanen Oworo ne mazauna Agbaja da ke jin yaren Yarobanci wanda ake kira Oworo.Agbaja ita ce helkwatar gudanarwa na Oworo a zamanin mulkin mallaka kuma har yanzu ita ce hedkwatar al'adun gargajiya da siyasa na mutanen Oworo.
Nuhu Abdulqadir
Nuhu Abdulqadir (Kauran Katsina), An haife shi a alif 1947 a karamar hukumar Rimi, Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. An naɗa shi matsayin Kauran Katsina a ranar 17 ga watan Decemban 1982 - sannan daga bisani ya zamo shugaban masu nada sarakuna a birnin Katsina kuma shine wakilin yankin gundumar Rimi.
Agbaja
Yanki
Yana kan tudu kusan 300 kilomita kudu da babban birnin tarayya Abuja, kuma mafi mahimmanci kusan 70 kilomita daga titin jirgin kasa mai nauyi zuwa teku a Itakpe mai kimanin 70 km zuwa kudu.
Albarkatu
Lasisin sun ƙunshi magnetite zuwa girman tan biliyan 2.0-3.3 na yuwuwar ƙimar ma'adinan ƙarfe a cikin kewayon 48% zuwa 53% Fe.
Nuhu Abdulqadir
Kuruciya da Ilimi
An haife shi a 1947 a karamar hukumar Rimi, Katsina. Ya fara karatunsa na firamare a Rafindadi Primary School, ya halarci makarantar Katsina Provincial School don karatunsa na sakandare tsakanin Junairun 1962 zuwa 1966.