cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Olakunle Churchill
Olakunle Oladunni Churchill, ɗan kasuwar Najeriya ne kuma mai taimakon jama’a. Shine wanda ya kafa kungiyar Churchill da Gidauniyar Churchill.
Rayuwa da ilimi
Churchill an haifeshi kuma ya girma a cikin jihar Ondo. Ya fara karatunsa a Canon Adeyemi Nursery da Primary School, Ondo, kafin ya koma Apata Memorial High School, Isolo don karamar makarantar sakandare. Ya yi makarantar sakandaren sojan ruwa ta kasa da ke Abeokuta don karatun babbar sakandare.
Churchill Ya tashi daga wajen kakarsa a jihar Ondo. Shi ɗan riko ne ga tsohon shugaban Najeriya, Olusegun Obasanjo.
Manazarta
https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/03/08/how-marriage-ghost-continues-to-hunt-olakunle-churchill
https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/07/ondo-elections-im-not-interested-in-politics-olakunle-churchill
Jamie Webber
Jamie Craig Webber (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Janairun 1998), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar SuperSport United ta Afirka ta Kudu ta Premier Division.
Aikin kulob
Bayan ya taka leda a Vasco da Gama da Stellenbosch a cikin National First Division, ya shiga SuperSport United a watan Janairun 2018.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Ya kuma wakilci Afrika ta Kudu a matakin kasa da shekaru 23.
Loko
Farin loko (lóókò) (Milicia excelsa) bishiya ne.
Sayed Shabrawy
Sayed Shabrawy (an haifeshi ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu, 1993) ɗan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar Masar wanda a halin yanzu yake taka leda a matsayin dan wasan baya na kungiyar El-Entag El-Harby ta Masar. Ya kuma wakilci Masar a matakin ƙasa, ta hanyar matakan U-17, U-20, da U-23
Tarihin Rayuwa
Shabrawy ya fara aikinsa a Al Ahly a shekara ta 2000, kuma an inganta shi don buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a 2014. Daga nan ya koma Al Ittihad Alexandria kuma ya buga wasa na kakar wasa daya, har sai da ya sake komawa a kakar wasa ta 2015 – 16 akan canja wuri kyauta, inda ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Aswan,  inda ya fi taka leda. na kwararrun wasanninsa har zuwa yau. A cikin 2017, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da El-Entag El-Harby.
Hemeya Tanjy
Hemeya Tanjy (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Mayun 1998) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Mauritaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mauritaniya Nouadhibou da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mauritaniya.
Adolphe Mendy
Adolphe Mendy (an haife shi ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 1960) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal. Ya buga wasanni 21 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal daga 1985 zuwa 1997. An kuma sanya sunan shi a cikin ƴan wasan Senegal da za su taka leda a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka a cikin shekarar 1990.
Hemeya Tanjy
Ayyukan kasa
Tanjy ya buga wa tawagar ‘yan kasa da shekara 20 wasa a lokacin wasannin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na ‘yan kasa da shekaru 20 na 2017 a lokacin rani na 2016, inda ya ci kwallaye biyu a wasanni biyu.
A watan Mayun 2018, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 22 da aka zaba don taka leda a gasar cin kofin Afrika na U-23 na 2019.
Ya samu kira zuwa ga babban tawagar kasar a watan Janairun 2018 gabanin gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2018. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a wasan farko na rukuni-rukuni da Morocco a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu, inda ya maye gurbin Moussa Samba a minti na 77 da ci 4-0. An fitar da Mauritaniya a matakin rukuni.
Har yanzu dai an sake kiran shi a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta 2019 a Masar.
Helene Khatskels
Helene Khatskels (Yiddish,25 Yuli 1882–26 Janairu 1973) malami ne mai koyar da yara,fassara kuma marubuci a Daular Rasha,Lithuania da Tarayyar Soviet.
Tarihin Rayuwa
'Yar mai yin burodi,Khatskels ta kasance mai aiki a matsayin Bundist a farkon rayuwarta kuma mai goyon bayan juyin juya halin 1905,daga baya ta juya zuwa ilimin yara. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Kultur-lige,wanda ya inganta cin gashin kansa na Yahudawa,Khatskels ya samar da ayyuka masu yawa a cikin Yiddish,ciki har da tarihin balaguro a kan Falasdinu, "Ƙasa da Duniya,"wanda aka buga a Berlin a 1924, da kuma fassarorin aikin ɗan ƙasar Sweden Sven Hadin. Tare da murkushe Kultur-Lige da sauran cibiyoyi na cin gashin kansa na Yahudawa daga hukumomin Lithuania a cikin 1920s aikinta ya koma koyarwa. An tilasta mata tserewa bayan mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Lithuania,ta koma mahaifarta bayan yakin duniya na biyu.Ta kafa makarantar Yiddish ga marayu,amma an rufe wannan a cikin 1950 a matsayin wani ɓangare na faɗuwar yaƙin neman zaɓe a ƙarshen mulkin Stalin.A cikin 1955 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Red Banner of Labor kuma ta gama aikinta na koyar da adabin Rasha a matakin sakandare,ta yi ritaya a 1966.
Mamman Jiya Vatsa
Mamman Jiya Vatsa OFR (3 Disamba 1940 zuwa; 5 Maris 1986) ya kasance tsohon janar ɗin sojin Najeriya ne kuma mai-waƙe wanda yayi aiki amatsayin Minista na Babban Birnin Tarayya Abuja, kuma mamba ne na Majalisar Ƙoli ta Sojojin Najeriya
A 5 Maris 1986, gwamnatin soji ta Janar Ibrahim Babangida ta sanya an kashe shi (wanda abokinsa ne a yarinta) biyo bayan wani hukunci da Kotun soji ta yanke masa akan kama shi da laifin yin zagon ƙasa ga ƙasar Najeriya da ƙoƙarin aiwatar da juyin mulki.
Farkon rayuwa
Vatsa ya kasance aboki ne tun a yarinta da Ibrahim Babangida kuma sun kasance tsarakin juna tun a lokacin da suke makaranta ɗaya. Kamar Babangida, Vatsa shi ma ya halarci Kwalejin Gwamnati Bida daga 1957 zuwa 1962 sannan ya fara aikinsa da shiga Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya (Nigerian Military Training College (NMTC)) a 10 Disamba 1962.
Mike E. Attah
Kanal Mike E. Attah ya kasance Shugaban Gudanar da Mulkin Soja na Jihar Anambra a Nijeriya daga ranar 9 ga Disamba 1993 zuwa 21 ga Agusta 1996 a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Sani Abacha.
Aiki
A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1995, Mike Attah ya kafa Hukumar Bincike don binciko rikice-rikicen tashin hankali da suka barke a ranar 30 ga Satumbar 1995 tsakanin al'ummomin Aguleri da Umuleri. Kwamitin ya gano cewa harin da Aguleri ya shirya an yi shi cikin tsanaki, gami da amfani da sojojin haya, kuma hukumomin yankin ba su tabuka komai ba don kaucewa rikicin.
Ilinois
Zuwa 1900, ci gaban ayyukan masana'antu a cikin garuruwan arewa da hakar kwal a cikin yankunan tsakiya da kudanci ya jawo baƙi daga Gabas da Kudancin Turai. Illinois ta kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar masana'antu yayin yakin duniya biyu. Babban Hijira daga Kudancin ya kafa babban taron jama'ar Ba'amurke 'yan Afirka a cikin jihar, gami da Chicago, wadanda suka kafa shahararrun jazz da al'adun birni. Birnin Chicago, wanda ke tsakiyar yankin Metropolitan na Chicago, yanzu an san shi a matsayin birni na duniya. Chicagoland, yankin babban birnin Chicago, ya ƙunshi kusan 65% na yawan jama'ar jihar. Yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a a wajen yankin Chicago sun hada da, Metro East (na Greater St. Louis), Peoria da Rockford. An zabi shugabannin Amurka uku yayin da suke zaune a Illinois: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, da Barack Obama. Bugu da kari, Ronald Reagan, wanda aikin siyasan sa ya kasance a California, an haife shi kuma ya girma a cikin jihar. A yau, Illinois na girmama Lincoln tare da taken ƙasarta na yau da kullun Land of Lincoln, wanda aka nuna a kan lambar lasisinsa tun daga 1954.Jihar ita ce wurin da dakin karatun Shugaban Kasa na Abraham Lincoln da Gidan adana kayan tarihi a Springfield da kuma gida na nan gaba na Cibiyar Shugabancin Barack Obama a Chicago. Bayanin Lantarki
Duba kuma: Illinoisungiyoyin Illinois da Jerin ƙananan hukumomi a cikin Illinois "Illinois" ita ce rubutun zamani ga mishan mishan Katolika na mishan na farko da sunan masu bincike don Nan asalin Amurka na Illinois, sunan da aka rubuta ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin bayanan farko. Masanan Amurka a baya suna tunanin sunan "Illinois" na nufin "mutum" ko "maza" a cikin yaren Miami-Illinois, tare da asalin iliniwek da aka canza ta hanyar Faransanci zuwa Illinois. Wannan yaren ilimin ba ya da tallafi daga yaren Illinois, [ana buƙatar] kamar yadda kalmar “mutum” ita ce ireniwa, kuma jam’in “mutum” ireniwaki ne. Sunan Illiniwek an kuma ce yana nufin "ƙabilar mazan mutane", wanda yake shi ne asalin asalin ƙarya. Sunan "Illinois" ya samo asali ne daga fi'ilin Miami-Illinois irenwe · wa "yana magana ne ta hanyar yau da kullun". Wannan an ɗauke shi zuwa yaren Ojibwe, wataƙila a yaren Ottawa, kuma an canza shi zuwa ilinwe · (an haɗa shi da ilinwe · k). Faransanci sun ari waɗannan nau'ikan, suna rubuta mun ƙare da -ois, fassarar wannan sautin a cikin Faransanci na wancan lokacin. Halin rubutun yanzu, Illinois, ya fara bayyana a farkon shekarun 1670, lokacin da turawan Faransa yan mulkin mallaka suka zauna a yankin yamma. Sunan Illinois na kansu, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a cikin duka uku kamus na mishan na Faransawan-lokaci na Illinois, shi ne Inoka, wanda ba a san ma'anar sa ba kuma ba shi da alaƙa da sauran sharuɗɗan.
Mike E. Attah
Aiki
Ya kori 'yan jarida shida da ke aiki a gwamnati saboda sun kasa shiga cikin tawagarsa saboda motarsu ba ta da mai.
Ilinois
Tarihi Babban labarin
Tarihin Illinois
Mike E. Attah
Tallafi
A cikin 1995 ya ba da tallafi na kimanin Naira miliyan 12 ga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jihar Anambra don sake sakewa da gyara wuraren. Ya ba da kwangilar nera miliyan N650 ga Cif Christian Uba, dan kasuwa, don gina sabon gidan Gwamnati da masaukin gwamna, wanda ake kira Wurin Zik. A watan Yunin 2006, har yanzu ba a kammala aikin ba, kuma dan kwangilar yana neman a biya shi don biyan kudin har zuwa yau.
Leon Barnett
Leon Barnett (an haife shi a Ingila) ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasa ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Ingila.
Ilinois
Tarihin kasa
Babban labarin: Geology na Illinois A farkon farkon zamanin Paleozoic Era, yankin da wata rana zai zama Illinois an nutsar da shi a ƙarƙashin wani babban teku mai zurfi kuma yana kusa da Equator. Rayuwar ruwa daban daban ta rayu a wannan lokacin, gami da trilobites, brachiopods, da crinoids. Canza yanayin muhalli ya haifar da samuwar manyan gulbin kwal a cikin Carboniferous. Illinois ya kasance sama da matakin teku don aƙalla ɓangare na Mesozoic, amma a ƙarshensa ya sake nutsar da tekun cikin gida na Yammacin Yamma. Wannan ya dawo da shi ta hanyar Eocene Epoch. A lokacin Pleistocene Epoch, manyan shimfiɗar kankara sun mamaye yawancin Illinois, tare da yankin Driftless ne kawai ya rage. Wadannan kankarar sun sassaka kwarin tafkin Michigan kuma suka bar baya da alamun tsoffin tafkuna masu ruwa da ruwa.
Pre-Turai
Misis ɗin tagulla na Mississippian da aka samo a Saddle Site a Union County, Illinois Indiyawan Ba'amurke na al'adun da suka biyo baya sun rayu tare da hanyoyin ruwa na yankin Illinois na dubunnan shekaru kafin zuwan Turawa. An tono Shafin Koster kuma yana nuna shekaru 7,000 na cigaba da zama. Cahokia, babban birni mafi girma da kuma Babban birni na al'adun gargajiya na Pre-Columbian Mississippian, yana kusa da Collinsville na yanzu, Illinois. Sun gina katafaren birni sama da dandamali sama da 100 da tudun kabari, fili mai girman kadada 50 (20 ha) wanda ya fi filayen kwallon kafa 35, da katako na itacen al'ul na alfarma, duk a cikin tsari wanda aka tsara wanda yake nuna al'adun gargajiya. Monks Mound, tsakiyar shafin, shine mafi girman tsarin Pre-Columbian a arewacin kwarin Mexico. Yana da ƙafa 100 (30 m) tsayi, ƙafa 951 (290 m) tsayi, ƙafa 836 (255 m) fadi, kuma ya rufe kadada 13.8 (ha 5.6). Ya kunshi kusan yadi kamu dubu 814,000 (622,000 m3) na duniya. An shimfiɗa shi da wani tsari da ake tsammani ya auna kusan ƙafa 105 (tsawon 32) da ƙafa 48 a faɗi, ya rufe yanki mai murabba'in ƙafa 5,000 (460 m2), kuma ya kai tsawon ƙafa 50 (15 m ) babba, yana yin ƙwanƙolin ƙafa 150 (mita 46) sama da matakin filin wasa. Kayan kwalliyar da kayan aikin da masu binciken kayan tarihi suka gano a Cahokia sun hada da manyan kayan aiki, kayan aikin da aka sassaka, da kwalliya da zane-zanen tagulla da na mica, da kuma bargon jana'iza don wani muhimmin shugaba wanda aka kera shi daga beads 20,000. Wadannan kayan tarihi sun nuna cewa da gaske Cahokia birni ne na gari, tare da wadatattun gidaje, kasuwanni, da kwararru a fannin kera kayan aiki, sutturar suttura, tukwane, yin kayan kwalliya, zanen harsashi, saka da yin gishiri.Wayewa ya ɓace a ƙarni na 15 saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba, amma masana tarihi da masana kimiyyar kayan tarihi sun yi tunanin cewa mutane sun rage yankin albarkatu. Yawancin kabilu 'yan asalin sun shiga yaƙe-yaƙe. A cewar Suzanne Austin Alchon, "A wani wuri a tsakiyar kwarin Illinois, kashi daya bisa uku na dukkan manya sun mutu sakamakon mummunan rauni. Babban iko na gaba a yankin shi ne Confungiyar ta Illinois ko Illini, wani ɗan siyasa kawance. Kamar yadda Illini ya ƙi a lokacin Beaver Wars zamanin, membobin Algonquian masu magana da Potawatomi, Miami, Sauk, da sauran kabilu gami da Fox (Mesquakie), Ioway, Kickapoo, Mascouten, Piankashaw, Shawnee, Wea, da Winnebago (Ho-Chunk ) ya shigo yankin daga gabas da arewa kusa da Manyan Tabkuna.
Illinois a cikin 1718, kusan yanayin yanki na zamani da aka haskaka, daga Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi na Guillaume de L'Isle Masu binciken Faransawa Jacques Marquette da Louis Jolliet sun bincika Kogin Illinois a 1673. Marquette ba da daɗewa ba bayan kafa manufa a Grand Village na Illinois a Illinoisasar Illinois. A shekarar 1680, masu binciken Faransawa karkashin René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle da Henri de Tonti sun gina katafaren gini a wurin Peoria ta yau, kuma a 1682, wani katafaren gini a kan Starved Rock a cikin Parked Rock State Park na yau. Canasar Canadiens ta Faransa sun zo kudu don zama musamman a gefen Kogin Mississippi, kuma Illinois wani ɓangare ne na Sabuwar Faransa ta farko, sannan ta La Louisiane har zuwa 1763, lokacin da ta wuce zuwa Birtaniyyawa tare da kayen da suka yi da Faransa a Yakin shekaru Bakwai. Ananan ƙauyukan Faransa sun ci gaba, kodayake Faransawa da yawa sun yi ƙaura yamma zuwa Ste. Genevieve da St. Louis, Missouri, don gujewa mulkin Burtaniya. An liƙa wasu soldiersan sojojin Burtaniya a cikin Illinois, amma fewan ƙauyuka na Burtaniya ko Amurkawa sun ƙaura zuwa can, kamar yadda Masarautar ta sanya shi wani yanki na yankin da aka keɓe wa Indiyawan yamma da Appalachians, sannan kuma wani yanki na Lardin Biritaniya na Quebec. A cikin 1778, George Rogers Clark ya yi iƙirarin County Illinois don Virginia. A cikin sulhu, Virginia (da sauran jihohin da suka yi ikirarin daban-daban) sun ba da yankin ga sabuwar Amurka a cikin 1780s kuma ta zama wani yanki na yankin Arewa maso Yamma, wanda gwamnatin tarayya ke gudanarwa sannan daga baya aka tsara shi a matsayin jihohi.
19th century
Main articles: Indiana Territory, Organic act § List of organic acts, Illinois Territory, Admission to the Union, and List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
See also: History of Chicago and History of Nauvoo, Illinois
Kafin zama jihar
Jihar Illinois kafin yakin basasa
A 1818, Illinois ta zama jihar Amurka ta 21. Yankin kudu na Yankin Illinois an yarda da shi azaman jihar Illinois, sauran kuma an haɗa su zuwa Yankin Michigan. Old State Capitol: Abraham Lincoln da sauran yan majalissun dokokin yankin sun taimaka kwarai da gaske wajen matsar da babban birnin jihar zuwa garin Springfield da ke tsakiyar garin a cikin 1839. A 1818, Illinois ta zama jihar Amurka ta 21. Babban birnin ya kasance a Kaskaskia, wanda ke da hedikwata a cikin wani ƙaramin gini da jihar ta haya. A cikin 1819, Vandalia ta zama babban birni, kuma a cikin shekaru 18 masu zuwa, an gina gine-gine daban-daban guda uku don yin aiki a jere a matsayin babban ginin. A shekarar 1837, ‘yan majalisar jihar da ke wakiltar Sangamon County, karkashin jagorancin wakilin jihar Abraham Lincoln, suka yi nasarar samun babban birnin ya koma Springfield, inda aka gina babban gida na biyar. An gina babban ginin majalisa na shida a 1867, wanda ke ci gaba da aiki a matsayin babban ginin Illinois a yau.Kodayake da alama "'yantacciyar ƙasa" ce, amma duk da haka akwai bautar a cikin Illinois. Faransanci na ƙabila sun mallaki baƙin bayi tun daga shekarun 1720, kuma baƙi Ba'amurke sun riga sun kawo bayi daga yankin Kentucky. Dokar Arewa maso Yamma ta dakatar da bautar a bayyane, amma ba a tilasta hakan ga waɗanda suka riga suka riƙe bayi. Lokacin da Illinois ta zama ƙasa mai cikakken iko a cikin 1818, Dokar ba ta sake amfani da shi ba, kuma ana riƙe da bayi kusan 900 a cikin jihar. Kamar yadda yankin kudancin jihar, wanda daga baya aka fi sani da "Egypt" ko "Little Egypt. yawancin masu baƙi ne daga Kudu suka zauna, sashin ya kasance mai adawa da baƙar fata. An ba wa baƙi izinin su zo da bayi tare da su don yin aiki, amma, a cikin 1822, mazauna jihar sun ƙi amincewa da sanya bautar da doka. Har yanzu, yawancin mazauna suna adawa da barin baƙar fata kyauta a matsayin mazaunan dindindin. Wasu mazaunan suna shigo da bayi ne lokaci-lokaci ko kuma masu hidimar gida. [35] An rubuta Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Illinois na 1848 tare da tanadi don keɓance dokokin da za a zartar. A cikin 1853, John A. Logan ya taimaka wajen kafa wata doka da za ta haramtawa duk Ba’amurke Ba’amurke, ciki har da ’yanci, zama a jihar.
Lokacin hunturu na 1830-1831 ana kiransa "Lokacin hunturu mai zurfin dusar ƙanƙara"; ba zato ba tsammani, zurfin dusar ƙanƙara ya lulluɓe jihar, wanda ya sa yin tafiyar ba zai yiwu ba tsawon lokacin hunturu, kuma matafiya da yawa sun halaka. Yawancin damuna masu tsanani sun biyo baya, gami da "Hunturu na Kwatsam Ba zato ba tsammani". A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1836, wani sanyin sanyi mai saurin wucewa ya ratsa, ya daskare kududdufai cikin mintina kuma ya kashe matafiya da yawa da ba su sami mafaka ba. Mummunan yanayi ya haifar da gazawar amfanin gona a yankin arewacin jihar. Yankin kudancin jihar ya shigo da abinci arewa, kuma wannan yana iya taimakawa ga sunansa: "Little Egypt", bayan labarin Baibul na Yusufu a Masar yana ba 'yan'uwansa hatsi. A 1832, an yi yakin Black Hawk a Illinois da Wisconsin na yau tsakanin Amurka da Sauk, Fox (Meskwaki), da Kickapoo Indian kabilu. Yana wakiltar ƙarshen gwagwarmayar Indiya ga fatarar ƙuduri a yankin Chicago.An tilasta wa Indiyawa barin gidajensu zuwa Iowa a 1831; lokacin da suka yi yunƙurin dawowa, an kawo musu hari kuma daga ƙarshe mayaƙan Amurka suka ci su. Waɗanda suka tsira an tilasta musu komawa Iowa.A shekara ta 1839, Waliyyai na terarshe sun kafa wani birni mai suna Nauvoo. Ana zaune a cikin Yankin Hancock tare da Kogin Mississippi, Nauvoo ya bunkasa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya yi gogayya da Chicago don matsayin babban birni mafi girma a jihar. Amma a cikin 1844, an kashe wanda ya kirkiro kungiyar Latter Day Saint Joseph Smith a gidan yarin Carthage, kimanin mil 30 daga Nauvoo. Bayan rikice-rikicen maye gurbin (Waliyyan Latter Day Saints), Brigham Young ya jagoranci yawancin Waliyyai na terarshe daga Illinois a cikin ƙaura mai yawa zuwa Utah ta yau; bayan kusan shekaru shida na ci gaba mai sauri, Nauvoo yayi hanzari baya daga baya. Bayan an kafa shi a 1833, Chicago ta sami daukaka a matsayin babbar tashar jirgin ruwa ta Great Lakes, sannan ta zama tashar tashar ruwa ta Illinois da Michigan bayan 1848, kuma a matsayin tashar jirgin ƙasa ba da daɗewa ba. By 1857, Chicago ita ce birni mafi girma a cikin Illinois.Tare da gagarumar haɓakar ma'adinai da masana'antu a cikin jihar a cikin karni na 19, Illinois ita ce ƙasa don kafa ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago a Amurka.A cikin 1847, bayan yin kira ga Dorothea L. Dix, Illinois ta zama ɗaya daga cikin jihohi na farko da suka kafa tsarin ba da tallafi don magance cutar rashin hankali da nakasa, maye gurbin gidajen sadaka na gida. Dix ta shiga wannan kokarin ne bayan ta hadu da J. O. King, dan kasuwar Jacksonville, dan kasuwar Illinois, wanda ya gayyace ta zuwa Illinois, inda ya ke aiki don gina wa mahaukata mafaka. Tare da kwarewar neman dix, shirye-shiryen Asibitin Jiha na Jacksonville (wanda aka sani yanzu da Jacksonville Development Center) an sanya hannu a kan doka a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1847. Yakin basasa da bayan haka
Babban labarin: Illinois a yakin basasar Amurka Fitowa daga rundunar hadin gwiwa daga Alkahira a ranar 10 ga Janairun 1862 A lokacin yakin basasar Amurka, Illinois ta zama ta hudu a cikin maza da suka yi aiki (sama da 250,000) a cikin Sojojin Union, adadin da ya wuce New York, Pennsylvania, da Ohio kawai. Farawa tare da kiran farko na Shugaba Abraham Lincoln ga sojoji da ci gaba a duk lokacin yaƙin, Illinois ta tattara rundunonin sojoji 150, waɗanda aka ƙidaya daga na 7 zuwa na 156. Hakanan an tara rundunonin dawakai goma sha bakwai, da kuma manyan bindigogi masu linzami guda biyu. Garin Alkahira, a gefen kudu na jihar a hade da Mississippi da Kogin Ohio, sun kasance a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar samar da kayayyaki da cibiyar horo ga rundunar Sojojin. Tsawon watanni, Janar Grant da Admiral Foote suna da hedikwata a Alkahira. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa, da ƙari bayan haka, yawan jama'ar Chicago ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, wanda ya haɓaka martabarta. Pullman Strike da Haymarket Riot, musamman, sun yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban ƙungiyar kwadagon Amurka. Daga ranar Lahadi, 8 ga Oktoba, 1871, har zuwa ranar Talata 10 ga Oktoba 10, 1871, Babban Wutar Chicago ta kone a cikin garin Chicago, ta lalata murabba'in kilomita hudu (kilomita 102).
20th karni
A karshen karni na 20, Illinois tana da mutane kusan miliyan 5. Mutane da yawa daga wasu sassan ƙasar sun sami sha'awar jihar ta hanyar aikin yi sakamakon fadada tushen masana'antu. Fararen fata sun kasance kashi 98% na yawan mutanen jihar. Ci gaba da ƙaura daga kudu da gabashin Turai ya ƙarfafa shi, da kuma Baƙin Baƙin Americanasar Afirka daga Kudu, Illinois ta girma kuma ta zama ɗayan mahimman jihohi a cikin ƙungiyar. A karshen karnin, yawan mutanen ya kai miliyan 12.4. An gudanar da baje kolin karnin duniya na gaba a Chicago a shekarar 1933. Yajin aikin mai a lardin Marion da Crawford County ya haifar da cigaba a 1937, kuma zuwa 1939, Illinois ta kasance ta huɗu a cikin samar da mai na Amurka. Illinois ce ta kera kashi 6.1 na jimillar makaman yakin Amurka da aka samar a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, wanda shi ne na bakwai a tsakanin jihohi 48. Chicago ta zama tashar ruwa ta teku tare da buɗewar Saint Lawrence Seaway a 1959. Ruwa da Kogin Illinois sun haɗu da Chicago zuwa duka Kogin Mississippi da Tekun Atlantika. A cikin 1960, Ray Kroc ya buɗe ikon mallakar McDonald na farko a cikin Des Plaines (wanda har yanzu yana matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya, tare da McDonald's mai aiki a ƙetaren titi).
Illinois na da muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyanar zamanin makaman nukiliya. A cikin 1942, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Manhattan, Jami'ar Chicago ta gudanar da aikin haɓakar makaman nukiliya na farko. A cikin 1957, Argonne National Laboratory, kusa da Chicago, ya kunna tsarin samar da makamashin nukiliya na farko a Amurka. Zuwa 1960, tashar nukiliya ta farko mai zaman kanta a Amurka, Dresden 1, an sadaukar da ita kusa da Morris. A cikin 1967, Fermilab, cibiyar binciken nukiliya ta ƙasa kusa da Batavia, ta buɗe maɓallin haɓaka, wanda shine mafi girma a duniya sama da shekaru 40. Tare da tsire-tsire goma sha ɗaya a halin yanzu, Illinois tana jagorantar dukkan jihohi a cikin yawan wutar lantarki da aka samu daga ƙarfin nukiliya. A cikin 1961, Illinois ta zama jiha ta farko a cikin ƙasar da ta karɓi shawarar Cibiyar Nazarin Doka ta Amurka kuma ta zartar da cikakken gyara dokar aikata laifi wanda ya soke doka game da yin luwadi. Har ila yau lambar ta shafe laifuka na gama gari tare da kafa shekaru na yarda 18.An zartar da kundin tsarin mulki na hudu a jihar a shekarar 1970, wanda ya maye gurbin na 1870. An gudanar da taron kide-kide na Farko na Aid a Champaign don amfanin manoman Amurka, a shekarar 1985. Mafi munin ambaliyar kogin Mississippi na wannan karnin, Babban Ruwan 1993, ya mamaye garuruwa da yawa da dubban kadada na gonakin noma. 21st karni
Labarin kasa
Babban labarin: Geography na Illinois Informationarin bayani: Jerin ecoregions a cikin Illinois Illinois tana cikin yankin Midwest na Amurka kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin jihohi takwas da Ontario, Kanada, a yankin Great Lakes na Arewacin Amurka.
Iyakoki
Iyakokin gabashin Illinois da Indiana sun hada da layin arewa zuwa kudu a 87 ° 31 ′ 30 long yamma mai nisa a tafkin Michigan a arewa, zuwa Kogin Wabash a kudu sama da Post Vincennes. Kogin Wabash ya ci gaba a matsayin iyakar gabas / kudu maso gabas da Indiana har zuwa lokacin da Wabash ya shiga Kogin Ohio. Wannan shine farkon iyakar kudancin Illinois da Kentucky, wanda ke kan iyakar arewacin Kogin Ohio.Yawancin iyakar yamma da Missouri da Iowa sune Kogin Mississippi; Kaskaskia ɗan gari ne na Illinois, yana kwance yamma da Mississippi kuma ana iya samunsa daga Missouri kawai. Iyakar arewacin jihar da Wisconsin an tsayar da ita a latti 42 ° 30 ′ arewa. Iyakar arewa maso gabashin Illinois ta ta'allaka ne a tafkin Michigan, a inda Illinois ke raba iyaka da jihar Michigan, da Wisconsin da Indiana.
Tsarin kasa
Charles Mound, mafi girman yanayin halitta a Illinois mai ƙafa 1,235, yana cikin Yankin Driftless a yankin arewa maso yammacin jihar. Kodayake Illinois tana kwance gaba ɗaya a cikin Filayen Cikin Gida, amma tana da ɗan ɗan bambanci a tsawanta. A cikin yammacin arewa maso yammacin Illinois, Yankin Driftless, yanki ne wanda ba a ƙididdige ba saboda haka ya fi girma da kuma shimfidar yanayin kasa, ya kasance wani yanki kaɗan na jihar. Kudancin Illinois sun hada da yankuna masu tudu da ke kusa da Shawnee National Forest.Charles Mound, wanda yake a yankin Driftless, yana da mafi girman yanayin ƙasa sama da matakin teku a ƙafa 1,235 (mita 376). Sauran tsaunuka sun hada da Shawnee Hills a kudu, kuma akwai yanayin kasa iri-iri tare da kogunan sa; Kogin Illinois ya raba jihar arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma. Filin ambaliyar ruwa a kan Kogin Mississippi daga Alton zuwa Kogin Kaskaskia an san shi da Basar Amurka.
Raba
A ƙafa 279 sama da matakin teku, wuri mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin jihar yana kusa da Alkahira da mahadar Kogin Ohio da Mississippi. Illinois na da manyan rarrabuwa uku. Arewacin Illinois ya mamaye yankin Chicago, ko Chicagoland, wanda shine garin Chicago da kewayenta, da kuma gefen makwabtaka wanda garin ke faɗaɗawa. Kamar yadda gwamnatin tarayya ta bayyana, yankin metro na Chicago ya hada da kananan hukumomi da dama a cikin Illinois, Indiana, da Wisconsin, kuma yana da yawan mutane sama da miliyan 9.8. Birnin Chicago kansa birni ne mai cike da jama'a, da yawan jama'a, da masana'antu, da matattarar sufuri na ƙasar, kuma ya zauna tare da kabilu daban-daban. Garin Rockford, babban birni na uku mafi girma a cikin Illinois kuma cibiyar babban birni na hudu mafi girma, yana zaune tare da Interstates 39 da 90 kimanin mil 75 (kilomita 121) arewa maso yamma na Chicago. Yankin Quad Cities, wanda yake kusa da Kogin Mississippi a arewacin Illinois, yana da yawan mutane 381,342 a shekarar 2011 Yankin tsakiyar Illinois shine babban rukuni na biyu, wanda ake kira Central Illinois. Yanki ne na galibi prairie kuma an san shi da Zuciyar Illinois. An bayyana shi da ƙananan ƙauyuka da matsakaita-ƙananan birane. Sashin yamma (yamma da Kogin Illinois) asalinsa ɓangare ne na Tattalin Soja na 1812 kuma ya haifar da fitowar yammacin jihar. Noma, musamman masara da waken soya, da cibiyoyin ilimi da cibiyoyin masana'antu, suna da mahimmanci a Central Illinois. Garuruwan sun hada da Peoria; Springfield, babban birnin jihar; Quincy; Decatur; Bloomington-Na al'ada; da Champaign-Urbana.
Babban Labari: Sauyin Yanayi na Illinois Duba kuma: Tarihin guguwar ruwan sanyi na St. Louis
Köppen nau'ikan yanayi na Illinois Illinois na da sauyin yanayi wanda ya bambanta ko'ina cikin shekara. Saboda kusan nisan mil mil 400 tsakanin iyakar arewa da kudu, har ila yau da yanayin tsakiyar nahiya, yawancin Illinois suna da yanayin yanayin yanki mai zafi (Köppen rabe-raben yanayi Dfa), tare da zafi, rani mai raɗaɗi da damuna mai sanyi. Yankin kudancin jihar, daga yankin Carbondale ta kudu, yana da yanayin yanayin ruwa mai zafi (Koppen Cfa), tare da damuna mafi matsakaici. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na Illinois ya bambanta daga kawai inci 48 (1,219 mm) a ƙarshen kudu zuwa kusan inci 35 (889 mm) a arewacin yankin na jihar. Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara ya wuce inci 38 (mil 965) a yankin Chicago, yayin da yankin kudancin jihar yawanci karɓar ƙasa da inci 14 (356 mm).Babban yanayin zafin ya kasance 117 ° F (47 ° C), an rubuta shi a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1954, a East St. Louis, kuma ƙarancin zafin-lokaci-−38 ° F (-39 ° C), wanda aka rubuta akan Janairu 31, 2019, a lokacin Janairu 2019 na Arewacin Amurka mai sanyi a tashar tashar yanayi kusa da Mount Carroll, kuma an tabbatar a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2019. Wannan ya biyo bayan rikodin da ya gabata na -36 ° F (-38 ° C) wanda aka rubuta a ranar 5 ga Janairun 1999, kusa da Congerville. Kafin rikodin Mount Carroll, zazzabin −37 ° F (-38 ° C) an yi rikodin a ranar 15 ga Janairun 2009, a Rochelle, amma a tashar tashar yanayi da ba a bi ta da ingancin ingancin rajista kamar na hukuma. Matsakaicin matsakaici na Illinois kusan kwanaki 51 na aikin hadari a shekara, wanda yakai matsayin sama da matsakaici a cikin adadin kwanakin tsawa ga Amurka. Illinois na da saukin fuskantar guguwa, inda a kalla 35 ke faruwa a kowace shekara, wanda ke sanya yawancin jihar a kusa da mahaukaciyar guguwa biyar a cikin murabba'in murabba'in 10,000 (30,000 km2) a shekara.Duk da yake guguwa ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin Illinois fiye da sauran jihohi, wasu daga cikin guguwar Tornado Alley da ke cikin rikodin sun faru a cikin jihar. Tutar Kasa Mai Kasuwa-Yanki ta 1925 ta kashe mutane 695 a cikin jihohi uku; 613 daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu a Illinois.
António Duarte
António Dinis Duarte (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Janairu 1967), wanda aka fi sani da Toni Dude, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Cape Verde wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.
Ilinois
Yawan jama'a
Taswirar yawa da ke nuna yawan jama'ar Illinois Tarihin jama'a Yawan Jama'a % ± 1800 2,458 - 1810 12,282 399.7% 1820 55,211 349.5% 1830 157,445 185.2% 1840 476,183 202.4% 1850 851,470 78.8% 1860 1,711,951 101,1% 1870 2,539,891 48.4% 1880 3,077,871 21.2%1890 3,826,352 24.3% 1900 4,821,550 26,0% 1910 5,638,591 16.9% 1920 6,485,280 15.0% 1930 7,630,654 17.7% 1940 7,897,241 3.5% 1950 8,712,176 10.3% 1960 10,081,158 15.7% 1970 11,113,976 10.2% 1980 11,426,518 2.8% 1990 11,430,602 0.0% 2000 12,419,293 8.6% 2010 12,830,632 3.3% 2020 12,812,508 −0.1% Source: 1910–2020 Ofishin ensusidaya na Amurka ya gano cewa yawan mutanen Illinois sun kasance 12,812,508 a cikin Cidayar Amurka ta 2020, suna ƙaura daga jiha mafi girma ta biyar zuwa ta shida mafi girma (rasa zuwa Pennsylvania). Yawan jama'ar Illinois ya dan ragu a shekarar 2020 daga kidayar Amurka ta 2010 da ta wuce mazauna 18,000 kuma yawan mutanen ya dara na kiyasi na baya-bayan nan. Illinois ita ce mafi yawan mutane a cikin yankin Midwest. Chicago, birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Amurka, shine tsakiyar yankin babban birnin Chicago ko Chicagoland, kamar yadda ake yiwa wannan yanki laƙabi. Kodayake Chicagoland ta ƙunshi kashi 9% kawai na yankin jihar, ta ƙunshi 65% na mazaunan jihar. Asarar yawan jama'a da ake tsammani daga sakamakon Cidaya na 2020 ba ya tashi daga yankin metro na Chicago; maimakon haka raguwar ta fito ne daga ƙananan hukumomin Downstate. Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2010, asalin launin fatar jihar shine: 71.5% Farin Ba'amurke (63.7% fari ba 'yan asalinsa ba ne, 7.8% Farin Hispaniki) 14.5% Baƙi ko Ba'amurke Ba'amurke 0.3% Ba'amurke Ba'amurke da Dan Asalin Alaska 4,6% Ba'amurke ɗan Asiya 2.3% Ba'amurke da yawa 6.8% wasu tseren A cikin wannan shekarar 15.8% na yawan jama'ar asalinsu 'yan Hispanic ne ko Latino (suna iya kasancewa na kowane jinsi).
Binciken Nazarin Americanasar Amirka na 2019
António Duarte
Aikin kulob
An haife shi a Praia, Toni ya shafe shekaru 17 cikin shekaru 18 a matsayin kwararre a Portugal, yana fara wasa a SC Vianense a 1989. Ya buga wasansa na farko na Primeira Liga a kakar wasa ta 1992–93, inda ya zura kwallaye bakwai cikin wasanni 14 da ya fara taimakawa SC Braga ta kammala a matsayi na 12.
Ilinois
Dangane da ƙididdigar Ofishin ensusidaya na Amurka na 2019, yawan jama'ar Illinois sun kasance 71.4% Fari (60.7% Fari ba -an Hispanic), 5.6% Asiya, 0.2% Wasu Sauran Tsere, 13.9% Baƙi ko Ba'amurke Ba'amurke, 0.1% ativean Asalin Amurka da ativean Alaskan, 0.1% Tsibirin Pacific da kashi 2.0% daga tsere biyu ko fiye.Whiteasar White ta ci gaba da kasancewa mafi girman rukunin launin fata a cikin Illinois kamar yadda panan Hispanic ke bayyanawa da fari (61.1%) tare da wasu da ke bayyana kamar wasu Somean Race (32.0%), Multiracial (4.3%), Black (1.4%), Indian Indian da Alaskan 'Yan ƙasar (0.2%), Asiya (0.1%), da Hawaiian da Pacific Islander (0.1%). Ta hanyar kabilanci, kashi 17.5% na yawan jama'ar Hispanic-Latino ne (na kowane jinsi) kuma kashi 82.5% ba 'yan Hispanic bane (na kowane jinsi). Idan aka kula da su azaman rukunin daban, 'yan Hispanic su ne mafi yawan rukunin tsiraru a cikin Illinois. Kabilar da ta fi yawan jama'a a jihar, farar fata ba 'yan asalin kasar Spain ba, ta ragu daga kashi 83.5% a shekarar 1970 [78] zuwa 60.90% a shekarar 2018. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2011, kashi 49.4% na yawan jama'ar Illinois waɗanda shekarunsu suka gaza 1 sun kasance 'yan tsiraru (Lura: Yaran da aka haifa ta fararen fata' yan Hispaniyawa ko kuma ga iyayen da ke cike da iyayensu ko kuma iyayensu marasa rinjaye ana lasafta su a matsayin marasa rinjaye). A ƙididdigar 2007 daga Ofishin Cidaya na Amurka, akwai mazaunan jihar baƙi 1,768,518 ko 13.8% na yawan jama'a, tare da 48.4% daga Latin Amurka, 24.6% daga Asiya, 22.8% daga Turai, 2.9% daga Afirka, 1.2 % daga Kanada, da 0.2% daga Oceania. Daga cikin yawan mutanen da aka haifa a kasashen waje, kashi 43.7% sun kasance yan asalin Amurka, kuma kashi 56.3% ba yan kasar Amurka bane. A cikin 2007, 6.9% na yawan jama'ar Illinois an ba da rahoton cewa suna ƙasa da shekaru 5, 24.9% ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 12.1% sun kasance shekaru 65 zuwa sama. Mata sun kai kusan 50.7% na yawan jama'a. Dangane da ƙididdigar 2007, 21.1% na yawan suna da asalin Jamus, 13.3% suna da asalin Irish, 8% suna da asalin Burtaniya, 7.9% suna da asalin Poland, 6.4% suna da asalin Italia, 4.6% sun lasafta kansu a matsayin Ba'amurke, 2.4% na Sweden zuriya, kashi 2 da digo 2 suna da kakannin Faransanci, ban da Basque, kashi 1.6% suna da kakannin Holland, yayin da kashi 1.4% ke da zuriyar Norway.Hakanan Illinois tana da adadi mai yawa na Ba'amurke Ba'amurke da Latinos (galibi Mexicans da Puerto Ricans).
Chicago, a gefen tafkin Michigan, shine birni na uku mafi girma a cikin ƙasa. A shekara ta 2000, kashi 23.3% na yawan jama'ar Illinois sun zauna a cikin garin Chicago, 43.3% a Cook County, da 65.6% a cikin ƙananan gundumar yankin Chicago: Will, DuPage, Kane, Lake, da McHenry County, da Cook County. Ragowar mutanen suna zaune ne a cikin ƙananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara waɗanda suka cika filayen jihar. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2000, cibiyar yawan mutanen jihar ta kasance 41.278216 ° N 88.380238 ° W, wanda yake a Grundy County, arewa maso gabashin ƙauyen Mazon.
Bayanin haihuwa
António Duarte
Aikin kulob
Bayan barin Minho kulob din a 2000, yana da shekaru 33, Toni ya ci gaba da yin gasa a cikin manyan matakai hudu, yana bayyana a cikin wasanni bakwai na Top flight CD Santa Clara a cikin 2001-02. Ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2006, inda ya tara jimlar a gasar karshe ta wasanni 182 da kwallaye 37.
Ilinois
Haihuwar ba a tarawa, saboda ana kidaya mutanen Hispania da ƙabilanci da ƙabila.
Yankunan birni
Duba kuma: Yankunan ilimin lissafi na Illinois, Jerin birane a cikin Illinois, da Lissafin garuruwa da ƙauyuka a cikin Illinois Chicago ita ce birni mafi girma a cikin jihar kuma birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Amurka, tare da yawan mutanen da suke a cikin 2010 na 2,695,598. Ofishin ensusidaya na Amurka a halin yanzu ya lissafa wasu biranen bakwai tare da mutane sama da 100,000 a cikin Illinois. Dangane da yawan'sididdigar Ofishin Hukumomin ensusidaya na yawan jama'ar 2010: Aurora, wani tauraron ɗan adam na Chicago wanda ya lulluɓe Rockford don taken birni na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Illinois; yawan jama'ar ta na shekarar 2010 ya kasance 197,899. Rockford, a 152,871, shine birni na uku mafi girma a cikin jihar, kuma shine birni mafi girma a cikin jihar wanda baya cikin kewayen garin Chicago. Joliet, wanda ke cikin babban birnin Chicago, shine birni mafi girma na huɗu a cikin jihar, tare da yawan mutane 147,433. Naperville, yankin Chicago, shine na biyar tare da 141,853. Naperville da Aurora sun raba iyaka tare da Hanyar Illinois 59. Springfield, babban birnin jihar, ya zo na shida mafi yawan mutane tare da mazauna 117,352. Peoria, wanda shekaru da yawa da suka gabata shine birni na biyu mafi yawan yawan jama'a a cikin jihar, shine na bakwai tare da 115,007. Birni na takwas mafi girma kuma na ƙarshe a cikin ƙungiyar 100,000 shine Elgin, yankin arewa maso yammacin Chicago, tare da yawan mutanen 2010 108,188.Garin da ya fi yawan jama'a a jihar kudu da Springfield shine Belleville, tare da mutane 44,478 a kidayar shekarar 2010. Tana cikin yankin Illinois na Greater St. Louis (wanda ake kira yankin Metro-East), wanda ke da saurin ƙaruwa sama da 700,000.Sauran manyan biranen sun hada da Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area, wanda ke da yawan mutane kusan 230,000, yankin Illinois na Quad Cities yankin da kimanin mutane 215,000, da kuma Bloomington-Normal area mai yawan mutane sama da 165,000.
Harsuna
Babban labarin: Yarukan Illinois Yaren hukuma na Illinois shine Ingilishi, kodayake tsakanin 1923 da 1969, dokar ƙasa ta ba da matsayin hukuma ga "yaren Amurka". Kusan kashi 80% na mutanen Illinois suna magana da Ingilishi na asali, kuma yawancin sauran suna magana da shi sosai a matsayin yare na biyu. Ana magana da yarukan Ingilishi Amurkawa, wanda ya faro daga Ingilishi Ingilishi na Arewacin Amurka da Ingilishi Baƙin Amurka a kusa da Chicago, zuwa Ingilishi Midland na Amurka a Central Illinois, zuwa Ingilishi na Kudancin Amurka a can kudu.Fiye da kashi 20 cikin 100 na 'yan Illinoan suna magana da wani harshe ban da Ingilishi a gida, wanda yaren Spanish yake da yawa a duniya, sama da 12% na yawan mutanen. Adadin adadin masu magana da yaren Poland suna nan a cikin Yankin Birni na Chicago. Frenchasar Faransanci ta Illinoisasar Illinois ta ɓace galibi a cikin Illinois, kodayake har yanzu ana yin bikin a cikin Districtasar Tarihin Mulkin mallaka na Faransa.
Addini
Addini a cikin Illinois (2014) Furotesta (43%) Roman Katolika (28%) Babu addini (22%)Addinin yahudanci (2%) Musulunci (1%) Buddha (1%) Hindu (1%) Sauran addinin (1%) Babu amsa da aka bayar / Ba a sani ba (1%) Kiristanci Katolika na Roman Katolika sune babbar ƙungiyar ɗariƙar addini a cikin Illinois; suna da hankali sosai a ciki da kewayen Chicago, kuma suna da kusan kashi 30% na yawan jama'ar jihar. [98] Koyaya, haɗuwa tare a zaman ƙungiya, ɗariku daban-daban na Furotesta sun ƙunshi mafi yawan adadin jama'ar jihar fiye da Katolika. A cikin 2010 Katolika a Illinois sun ƙidaya 3,648,907. Denungiyoyin Furotesta mafi girma sune Metungiyar Methodist ta United tare da 314,461, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Baptist ta Kudu, tare da mambobi 283,519. Illinois tana daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin Missouri Synod Lutherans a Amurka.
Tattalin arziki
Noma
Babban labarin: Noma a cikin Illinois Babban kayan aikin gona na Illinois sune masara, waken soya, alade, shanu, kayayyakin kiwo, da alkama. A mafi yawan shekaru, Illinois ita ce jiha ta farko ko ta biyu don samar da waken soya mafi yawa, tare da girbin buhuh miliyan 427.7 (tan miliyan 11.64 miliyan) a shekara ta 2008, bayan samar da Iowa na ƙwarya miliyan 444.82 (miliyan miliyan 12.11). 108] Illinois tana matsayi na biyu a cikin noman masara na Amurka tare da sama da bushel biliyan 1.5 da ake samarwa duk shekara. Tare da damar samar da galan biliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, Illinois ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da ethanol, a matsayi na uku a Amurka a 2011. Illinois jagora ce a masana'antar sarrafa abinci da sarrafa nama. Kodayake Chicago ba za ta iya zama "Hog Butcher ga Duniya ba", yankin Chicago ya kasance cibiyar duniya don kera abinci da sarrafa nama, tare da tsire-tsire da yawa, gidajen sarrafawa, da wuraren rarrabawa da ke tattare a yankin tsohuwar Union Stock Yarduna. Har ila yau, Illinois na samar da ruwan inabi, kuma jihar gida ce ga yankuna biyu na baƙuwar al'adun Amurka. A cikin yankin Ganawar Babban Kogin Nishaɗi Byway, peaches da apples suna girma. Baƙi daga Jamusawa waɗanda suka zo daga asalin aikin gona waɗanda suka zauna a cikin Illinois a tsakiyar karni na ƙarshen 19th, suna cikin ɓangaren da ke da alhakin yalwata gonar inabi a wannan yanki na Illinois. Jami'o'in Illinois suna bincike sosai kan samfuran aikin gona azaman madadin amfanin gona.
Masana'antu
Illinois na ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin masana'antun ƙasar, tana alfahari da ƙimar shekara-shekara da aka haɓaka ta hanyar ƙera sama da dala biliyan 107 a cikin 2006. Ya zuwa shekarar 2011, Illinois tana matsayin ƙasa ta 4-mafi yawan masana'antu a ƙasar, bayan California, Texas, da Ohio. Kimanin kashi uku cikin huɗu na masana'antun jihar suna cikin Yankin Samuwar Samun Yankin Arewa Maso Gabas, tare da kashi 38 na masana'antar kera masana'antu ta 18,900 da ke cikin County Cook. Ya zuwa 2006, manyan masana'antun masana'antu a cikin Illinois, bisa ga ƙarin darajar, masana'antun sunadarai ne (dala biliyan 18.3), ƙera injuna (dala biliyan 13.4), ƙera abinci (dala biliyan 12.9), kayayyakin ƙarfe da aka ƙera (dala biliyan 11.5), kayan sufuri (dala biliyan 7.4), robobi da kayayyakin roba (dala biliyan 7.0), da kayayyakin kwamfuta da lantarki (dala biliyan 6.1).
Ayyuka
A farkon 2000s, tattalin arzikin Illinois ya koma ga dogaro da manyan aiyukan da aka ƙara, kamar cinikin kuɗi, ilimi mai zurfi, doka, dabaru, da magani. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗu a cikin cibiyoyin da suka saurari tattalin arzikin Illinois na farko. Misali, Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Chicago, canjin kasuwanci ga dangin duniya, ta fara rayuwa a matsayin kasuwar nan gaba ta harkar noma. Sauran mahimman masana'antun da ba na masana'antu ba sun haɗa da wallafe-wallafe, yawon buɗe ido, da samar da makamashi da rarrabawa.
Zuba jari
'Yan jari hujja sun ba da kuɗin kusan dala biliyan 62 a cikin tattalin arziƙin Amurka a cikin 2016. Daga wannan adadin, kamfanonin da ke zaune a Illinois sun karɓi kusan dala biliyan 1.1. Hakanan, a cikin FY 2016, gwamnatin tarayya ta kashe dala biliyan 461 kan kwangiloli a Amurka Daga cikin wannan adadin, kamfanonin da ke zaune a Illinois sun karɓi kusan dala biliyan 8.7.
Makamashi
Duba kuma: Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a cikin Illinois da hasken rana a cikin Illinois Illinois babbar hanyar shigo da mai ne don samar da makamashi, duk da yawan albarkatun kwal da dan karamin aikin samar da mai. Illinois na fitar da wutar lantarki, ta kasance ta biyar a tsakanin jihohin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma na bakwai a cikin amfani da wutar lantarki. Gawayi Masana'antar gawayi ta Illinois ta samo asalinta ne a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19, lokacin da entreprenean kasuwa kamar su Jacob Loose suka gano kwal a wurare irin su Sangamon County. Jacob Bunn ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban masana'antar kwal ta Illinois, kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma ya mallaki Kamfanin Western Coal & Mining na Illinois. Kimanin 68% na Illinois suna da ɓangaren ɗaukar kwal na zamanin ilimin ƙasa na Pennsylvania. Dangane da binciken binciken kasa na jihar Illinois, an kiyasta tan biliyan 211 na gawayin kwal yana kwance a karkashin kasa, yana da adadin dumama dumbin da ya fi wanda ake kiyasta mai a yankin Larabawa. Koyaya, wannan kwal ɗin yana da babban sinadarin sulphur, wanda ke haifar da ruwan sama na acid, sai dai idan an yi amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don rage fitowar sulfur dioxide. Yawancin tsire-tsire masu wutar lantarki na Illinois ba su da kayan aiki don ƙone gawayin gawurtaccen sulphur. A cikin 1999, Illinois ta samar da tan miliyan 40.4 na gawayi, amma kawai tan miliyan 17 (42%) na kwal na Illinois ne aka ci a Illinois. Mafi yawan kwal da aka samar a Illinois ana fitarwa zuwa wasu jihohi da ƙasashe. A shekarar 2008, Illinois ta fitar da tan miliyan uku na kwal, kuma an yi niyyar fitar da miliyan tara a shekarar 2011, yayin da bukatar makamashi ke tsirowa a wurare kamar China, Indiya, da sauran wurare a Asiya da Turai. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, Illinois ta kasance ta uku a cikin ma'adinan kwal da za'a iya dawo da su wajen samar da ma'adinai a cikin ƙasar. Yawancin gawayin da ake samarwa a cikin Illinois ana fitarwa zuwa wasu jihohi, yayin da yawancin kwal ɗin da aka ƙone don ƙarfi a cikin Illinois (tan miliyan 21 a 1998) ana haƙa shi ne a Kogin Powder River Basin na Wyoming.Mattoon ne aka zaba a matsayin shafin don Sashin Makamashi na FutureGen aikin, mai karfin megawatt 275 na gwajin sifiri na fitar da wutar da ke kona kwal wanda DOE ta bayar da zagaye na biyu na kudade. A cikin 2010, bayan wasu matsaloli, garin Mattoon ya goyi bayan aikin.
Man Fetur
Illinois itace kan gaba wajen tace mai a yankin Amurka ta Tsakiya, tare da hada danyen mai na hada danyen mai kusan ganga 900,000 a rana (140,000 m3 / d). Koyaya, Illinois tana da iyakantaccen ɗanyen mai wanda ya tabbatar da asusun wanda ke ƙasa da 1% na jimlar Amurka. Heatingarfin gida shine 81% gas na gas idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa da 1% mai dumama. Illinois tana matsayi na 14 a cikin samar da mai tsakanin jihohi, tare da fitarwa na yau da kullun kusan ganga 28,000 (4,500 m3) a cikin 2005.
Makaman nukiliya
Babban Labari: Nuarfin Nukiliya a Amurka
Tashar samar da Nukiliya ta Byron a gundumar Ogle Matsakaicin ikon rarraba iska na shekara-shekara don Illinois, tsayin 50 m (160 ft) sama da ƙasa (2009) Ana iya cewa ikon nukiliya ya fara ne a cikin Illinois tare da Chicago Pile-1, farkon sarkar keɓaɓɓiyar makaman nukiliya a duniya a farkon mai sarrafa makaman nukiliya, wanda aka gina a harabar Jami'ar Chicago. Akwai cibiyoyin makamashin nukiliya guda shida masu aiki a cikin Illinois: Braidwood, Byron, Clinton, Dresden, LaSalle, da Quad Cities. Ban da tsire-tsire guda ɗaya na shuka Clinton, kowane ɗayan waɗannan wuraren yana da tashoshi biyu. Uku reactors an rufe su har abada kuma suna cikin matakai daban-daban na ƙaddamarwa: Dresden-1 da Zion-1 da 2. Illinois sun kasance na farko a cikin ƙasar a cikin 2010 a duka ƙarfin nukiliya da ƙaryar nukiliya. Zamani daga tashoshin nukiliyar da ke samar da kaso 12 cikin 100 na jimillar al'ummar kasar. A shekarar 2007, kashi 48 cikin dari na wutar lantarkin ta Illinois ta samu ne ta hanyar amfani da makamashin nukiliya. Aikin Morris shine kawai a zahiri a keɓance madaidaicin wurin adana sharar iska a cikin Amurka.
Ikon iska
Babban labarin: Ikon iska a cikin Illinois Illinois ya ga yana da sha'awar amfani da iska ta iska don samar da lantarki. Yawancin Illinois sun kasance a cikin 2009 a matsayin "mara iyaka ko adalci" don Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka don samar da makamashin iska, tare da wasu ɓangarorin yamma da aka ƙaddara "mai kyau" kuma ɓangarorin kudu sun sami "talakawa". Wadannan ƙididdigar sune don injinan iska masu tsayin mita 50 (160 ft); sababbin injinan iska sun fi tsayi, hakan na basu damar isa iska mai karfi nesa da kasa. A sakamakon haka, ƙarin yankuna na Illinois sun zama wuraren da ake noman iska mai iska. Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2009, Illinois tana da 1116.06 MW na shigar ikon aiki na sunan iska tare da wasu 741.9 MW da ke kan gini. Illinois ce ta tara a tsakanin jihohin Amurka a cikin karfin karfin iska, kuma ta goma sha shida ta karfin iya aiki. Manyan gonakin iska a cikin Illinois sun hada da Twin Groves, Rail Splitter, EcoGrove, da Mendota Hills. Ya zuwa 2007, makamashin iska ya wakilci kashi 1.7% na samar da makamashi na Illinois, kuma an kiyasta cewa karfin iska na iya samar da kashi 5-10% na bukatun makamashin jihar. Har ila yau, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Illinois ta ba da umarnin a cikin 2007 cewa ta 2025, 25% na duk wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin Illinois shine ya fito daga albarkatun sabuntawa
Haraji