cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Erna Lendvai-Dircksen
Erna Lendvai-Dircksen(an haife shi Erna Katherina Wilhelmine Dircksen,31 ga Mayu 1883 -8 Mayu 1962)yar wasan Jamus ce mai daukar hoto da aka sani da jerin jerin hotuna na mutanen karkara daga ko'ina cikin Jamus.A lokacin Reich na uku,ta kuma yi hotuna don wallafe-wallafen eugenicist kuma an ba ta izini don rubuta sabon Autobahn da ma'aikatan da ke gina shi.
Sana'a
An haife shi a Wetterburg,yanzu ɓangaren Bad Arolsen,Erna Dircksen ta yi karatun zane-zane a Kunsthochschule Kassel daga 1903 zuwa 1905,da daukar hoto a Lette-Verein daga 1910 zuwa 1911. Wataƙila ta buɗe ɗakin studio na hoto a Hellerau,kusa da Dresden,a cikin 1913. Daga 1916 zuwa 1943,ta na da hoton hoto a Berlin.A shekara ta 1918 ta sami suna mai girma,musamman don daukar hoto na tsiraici,kuma tana ƙara yin amfani da salo na gaske. Tuni a cikin 1911,ta fara sha'awar zayyana mutanen ƙasar Jamus, bayan da ta dauki hoton wani maƙeri da manomi da gangan a lokacin hutu. A cikin rubuce-rubucen nata daga baya ta bayyana ra'ayin soyayya sosai game da rayuwar karkara da kuma raina rayuwar birni. Da farko a 1917,ta yi jerin hotuna-hotuna na Jamusawa na yankuna daban-daban, zaɓin wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta farko a wani nuni a Frankfurt a 1926. A kan wannan ƙarfin ta sami damar buga wasu daga cikinsu a cikin Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung a cikin 1930.
Deutsche Volksgesicht
Lendvai-Dircksen ta buga hotunan Jamusawa na karkara a matsayin Das deutsche Volksgesicht(Face na Volk na Jamus)a cikin 1932.An ci gaba da shi a cikin juzu'i da yawa da ke nuna yankuna daban-daban na Reichtun daga 1942, duka a ƙarƙashin wannan taken kuma kamar yadda Das germanische Volksgesicht(Fuskar Volk na Jamusanci), yanzu ya haɗa da kundin akan,misali, Flanders da Norway.
Autobahn
A ƙarƙashin Reich na uku ta karɓi kwamitocin jihohi,musamman ɗaya daga Fritz Todt don hotunan ma'aikatan ginin Autobahn,waɗanda aka fara ba da izini don baje kolin <i id="mwPw">Schaffendes Volk</i> na 1937 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin Todt don samun mafi kyawun masu daukar hoto a cikin Reich da fasaha ta sake haifar da sabon autobahn. Todt ya buƙaci ta musamman da ta“yi hoto [hoton] iznin ma’aikatansa na Reich autobahn daga yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar Uba”. Littafin ya fito a cikin 1937 kuma a cikin bugu na 1942. Mai yiwuwa Todt ya zaɓe ta ne a kan aikin da ta yi a Das deutsche Volksgesicht, kuma littafin autobahn ya bi irin wannan tsari, bayan da aka yi aikin ginin daga Arewacin Jamus zuwa tsaunukan Alps, kuma a kowane yanki yana bin kwatancen shimfidar wuri da autobahn.,musamman gadoji,tare da hotunan mutanen gida da ke aikin. Hotunanta na sababbin gadoji sun jaddada aikin dutse da kuma kayan ado na arches,a wasu lokuta ta yin amfani da fasahar ƙira ta hanyar New Objectivity,a cikin wasu da ke nuna gine-ginen gigantic a cikin yanayi da al'ada,suna nuna tsayin daka na gaba;a wani hoto,an nuna wani manomi da yake noma tare da tawagar shanu a ƙarƙashin gadar autobahn. Su kuma ma’aikatan da suka mamaye littafin, suna bajintarsu ta hanyar zayyana su a daidaikunsu,a kusa da kuma daga kasa;ta yi amfani da"al'adar kyawawan jiki"kamar yadda yake a Olympia na Leni Riefenstahl. Kawai lokaci-lokaci takan sanya su suna kallon kamara,kuma ba ta cika nuna kayan aikinsu ba sannan kawai a matsayin misalan ƙarfi ko abubuwan da ke tattare da su;Har ila yau,ta jaddada aikin hannu, yana ba da ra'ayi cewa an gina autobahn ta amfani da ƙananan kayan aiki masu nauyi. Hotuna kamar"Bayan shekaru na rashin aikin yi, na sake samun gurasa na gaskiya ga 'ya'ya bakwai maza da mata"suna jaddada mahimmancin autobahn a matsayin hanyar rage rashin aikin yi,da watsi da gaskiyar aikin tilastawa da kuma mummunan yanayi a cikin ma'aikata. ' sansanonin da shaidun gani da ido suka ruwaito don goyon bayan saƙon farfaganda.
Volk da Rasse
Ita ce kuma babban mai daukar hoto na yara don eugenicist na lokaci-lokaci Volk und Rasse,yana nuna su a cikin tufafin gargajiya da kuma ƙarƙashin hasken wuta don kama kyawawan halayen launin fata.
Daga baya aiki
A cikin 1943,don tserewa harin bam na Berlin,ta koma Upper Silesia;a cikin 1945 ta rasa ma'ajiyar ta ta gudu daga can, kuma ta zauna a Coburg, inda daga shekarun 1950 ta fara mai da hankali kan daukar hoto mai launi.Aikinta na baya-bayan nan yana cikin gidan Agfa Foto-Historama a Cologne.
nuni da karramawa
Baya ga nunin Frankfurt da aka yi a shekarar 1926 inda ta samu lambar yabo ta farko,an baje kolin hotunan Lendvai-Dircksen a gidan talabijin na Pressa da ke Cologne a shekara ta 1928,da kuma wani baje kolin baje kolin da ya ziyarci garuruwa daban-daban na Jamus tun daga kaka na shekara ta 1933.A wannan shekarar,an ba ta wani nuni na musamman a Erfurt ta Gesellschaft Deutscher Lichtbildner(Ƙungiyar Masu daukar hoto na Jamus,magajin Deutsche Fotografische Akademie ). Bayan yakin da ta baje kolin a Coburg da Stuttgart a cikin 1953 da kuma a Cologne a 1958, kuma an gabatar da shimfidar wurare a Cologne Photo-kina a 1960. Gesellschaft Deutscher Lichtbildner ta ba ta babbar lambar yabo ta David Octavius Hill Medal,a cikin 1958.
Mahimman liyafar
Hotunan Lendvai-Dircksen na manoma sun dace da ka'idar Nazi sai dai a cikin littafinta na farko,kusan dukkanin batutuwanta sun tsufa,kuma a fili ta bayyana lalacewar jikinsu a matsayin alamar sahihanci. Daga baya ta fadada hankalinta har da yara.Duk da haka,ba ta taɓa ɗaukar hotunan wasanni ba,ko don dalilai na fasaha ko kuma saboda falsafar kanta.
Ko da yake Lendvai-Dircksen ana kiransa "Erna launin ruwan kasa"don inganta manufofin Nazi a cikin aikinta a karkashin mulkin na uku,ana iya kwatanta hoton hotonta da aikin Dorothea Lange ko Walker Evans a matsayin takardun shaida na mutane matalauta,da Margaret. Har ila yau,Bourke-White ya dauki hoton ma'aikatan a cikin hasken jarumtaka. Kamar yadda mai kula da hoto na Berlin Janos Frecot ya nuna a cikin kundin nunin nunin a Albertina wanda ya haɗa da aikinta,hotunanta da na wasu a lokacin ana iya ganin su azaman aikace-aikacen ƙa'idar ƙa'idar ƙabila ɗaya kamar hotuna na mutane a cikin al'adu masu nisa; Hakazalika,Leesa Rittelmann ya nuna cewa irin wannan ka'ida ta siffata kasa ta hanyar ilimin lissafi na mutanenta,ko da yake an sake komawa ga ka'idodin karni na 19, ya raba ta masu daukar hoto na zamanin Weimar irin su August Sander mai ci gaba.a cikin Antlitz der Zeit(Face of Our Time).
Rayuwa ta sirri
Dircksen ya yi aure daga 1906 zuwa 1910 zuwa Adolf Göschel,wanda ta haifi 'ya mace tare da ita,kuma daga 1913 zuwa 1924 ga mawaƙin Hungary Erwin Lendvai. Ta mutu a 1962 a Coburg.
wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa
Lendvai-Dircksen ya wallafa aƙalla faifan hoto guda ashirin waɗanda suka sayar da wasu kwafi 250,000 waɗanda aƙalla shida aka sake buga su. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
Ta buga makala kan hanyarta ta daukar hoto:
Abu Musa al-Ashari
Abu Musa Abd Allah dan Qays al-Ash'ari ya kasance daya daga cikin Sahabbain Annabi Muhammad S.A.W,, amfi sanin shi da Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (أبو موسى الأشعري) (R. ca. 662 or 672) kuma ya zama gwamnan Basra da Kufa ya bada gudummuwa a yakin mallakan Farisa.
Webster, Burnett County, Wisconsin
Webster ƙauye ne a gundumar Burnett a cikin jihar Wisconsin ta Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 653 a ƙidayar 2010. Yana kan hanyar Wisconsin Highway 35.
Tarihi
Ana kiran ƙauyen Clam River har zuwa 1896, lokacin da aka kafa sabon ofishin gidan waya kuma mazaunin JD Rice ya roki wakilin Amurka. John J. Jenkins don canza suna zuwa Webster, bayan masanin kamus Noah Webster.
Taswira
Wurin Webster yana a 45.87917°N, -92.36528°W (45.879066, -92.365163).
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, ƙauyen yana da jimillar yanki na 1.76 sqmi, duk ta kasa.
Ƙauyen Webster yana cikin garin Meenon, amma wani yanki ne na daban.
ƙidayar 2010
Tsakanin shekarun ƙauyen ya kai shekaru 40.3. 24.2% na mazauna kasa da shekaru 18; 6% sun kasance tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 24; 24.3% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 23.9% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 21.6% sun kasance shekaru 65 ko fiye. Tsarin jinsi na ƙauyen ya kasance 43.6% na maza da 56.4% mata.
Ƙididdigar 2000
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 653, gidaje 302, da iyalai 176 da ke zaune a ƙauyen. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 367.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (141.6/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 327 a matsakaicin yawa na 184.2/sq mi (70.9/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na ƙauyen ya kasance 90.51% Fari, 0.46% Ba'amurke, 5.05% Ba'amurke, 0.46% Asiya, da 3.52% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.31% na yawan jama'a.
Akwai gidaje 302, daga cikinsu kashi 28.1% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da suke zaune tare da su, kashi 40.4% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 15.6% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 41.4% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 38.1% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 27.8% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.16 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.88.
A cikin ƙauyen, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 25.0% 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18, 8.0% daga 18 zuwa 24, 22.5% daga 25 zuwa 44, 17.2% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 27.4% waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko kuma mazan. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 76.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 75.0.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a ƙauyen shine $29,432, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $35,288. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $28,214 sabanin $21,500 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na ƙauyen shine $15,411. Kusan 5.8% na iyalai da 9.9% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 15.4% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 9.4% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
Ilimi
Ƙauyen Webster yanki ne na gundumar Makaranta na Webster. Gundumar makarantar ta haɗa da Webster Middle-High School, hidimar maki 5–12, da Makarantar Elementary ta Webster, tana ba da maki K-4. Gundumar ta sanya ɗalibai 655 a cikin 2017-2018. Gundumar Makarantar Webster ta rufe kusan mil mil 550 na ƙasar, galibi a cikin gundumar Burnett, tare da ƙaramin yanki a kudu maso yammacin Douglas County. Ita ce gunduma ta biyu mafi girma a cikin Jihar Wisconsin, dangane da yankin yanki. Dalibai sun fito daga ƙauyen Webster, Garin Meenon, Garin Swiss, Community of Danbury, Town of Dairyland, da sauran garuruwa da yawa, da kuma ƙasar Indiyawan St. Croix Chippewa na Wisconsin.
Marcio Rosa
Márcio Salomão Brazão Rosa (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Cape Verde wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasa mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar Montalegre ta Portugal.
Autostrada A24 (Italiya)
A ƙasa da Gran Sasso babbar hanyar raƙuman raƙuman ruwa sun isa dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyyar lissafi na ƙasa, mafi girma a duniya.
An fara shiryawa a shekara ta alif dari tara da saba'in da uku 1973 don haɗa Tyrrhenian zuwa manyan hanyoyin Adriatic, hanyar a halin yanzu ta ƙare akan Teramo kuma ta ci gaba da hanyar hawa biyu zuwa A14 "Teramo-Giulianova", tare da ragowar tazarar zuwa Giulianova, akan Tekun Adriatic, a zahiri a ƙarƙashin gini. Babbar hanyar ta hada da dogayen ramuka biyu a karkashin Gran Sasso massif, suna tafiya yamma zuwa gabas da akasin haka, tare da kowane ramin da ya wuce mil 6.3 a tsayi.
Hanyar a halin yanzu ana sarrafa ta Strada dei Parchi Sp A..
Duba kuma
Autostrada A25 (Italiya)
Farisawa
Farisawa Mutanan garin Farisa sune mutanen ƙasar Iran a yanzu. Saidai akwai mutane da yawa da suke magana da yaran farisanci ahalin yanzu, kaman mutanan Afganistan da Tajikistan, Wanda waɗannan ƙasashen farisancine yaransu a gwamnatance, Makarantu, ofisoshin gwamnati, da sauransu.
Solomon Kojo Antwi
Solomon Kojo Antwi (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ghana wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger.
Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Elmina, Antwi ya koma Accra yana da shekaru tara don ya zauna tare da 'yar uwarsa. Daga baya Glow Lamp Academy ne ya dauke shi aiki, shirin da tsohon dan wasan Ghana Nii Lamptey ke gudanarwa, inda ya zama daya daga cikin many-an masu sa ido na makarantar.
Farkon aiki
A cikin ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2019, Antwi ya amince ya rattaba hannu tare da kungiyar Gent ta Farko ta Belgian, amma ya kasa samun takardar visa ta Belgium. Daga baya kungiyoyi a Ingila, Hungary da Kanada suka nemi shi. A watan Oktoban shekarar 2019, Antwi ya zura kwallon a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a gasar Glow Lamp Academy da ci 2-1 a wasan sada zumunci da kungiyar Hearts of Oak ta gasar Premier ta Ghana.
Valor FC
A ranar 30 ga watan Disamba shekarar 2019, Antwi ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da ƙungiyar Premier League ta Valor FC har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin shekarar 2020. Tun da farko ya amince ya rattaba hannu da kulob din a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2019, amma batutuwan da suka shafi bizar Antwi sun haifar da jinkiri a hukumance har zuwa karshen shekara. Ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙwararru don Valor a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta da Cavalry FC. A ranar 15 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2020, Valor ya tabbatar da cewa Antwi ya bar kungiyar kuma ya koma Ghana.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Antwi ya sami kira ga tawagar Ghana U20 na kasa a shekarar 2019.
Mohammed Barkindo
Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (an haife shi a 20 Afrilu 1959 ya rasu ranar biyar 5 ga watan Yulin 2022). ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Tun daga 1 Agusta 2016, ya kasance Sakatare Janar na OPEC. Ya taba zama mukaddashin Sakatare Janar a 2006, ya wakilci Najeriya a kan Hukumar Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta OPEC a tsakanin 1993–2008, ya kuma jagoranci Kamfanin Man Fetur na Najeriya a tsakanin shekarun 2009 - 2010, kuma ya shugabanci tawagar kwararru ta fasaha ta Najeriya zuwa tattaunawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan yanayi tun 1991. .
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Barkindo ya kammala digirinsa na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga jami’ar Ahmadu Bello ( Zariya, Nijeriya ) a 1981 da kuma digirin digirgir na harkokin kasuwanci daga jami’ar Washington a 1991. Kafin MBA, a cikin 1988 ya sami difloma difloma a fannin Tattalin Arzikin Man Fetur daga Jami'ar Oxford. Hakanan, an bashi digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola. .
Aiki
Ya zama shugaban kamfanin man fetur na najeriya NNPC a shekarar 2009 zuwa 2010. ya taɓa zama wakilin nigeriya a kwamitin kula da harkokin tattalin arziki na hukumar OPEC shekarar 1993 zuwa 2008.
Rasuwa
Babban sakataren kungiyar kasashen da ke da arzikin man fetur, OPEC. ya rasu ranar talata 5 ga watan yulin 2022. da daddare.
UTC Nigeria Plc
Kamfanin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Tarayya PLC wanda aka fi sani da UTC PLC kamfani ne na Swiss wanda aka jera a fili a Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Najeriya. 'Yan kasuwa na Switzerland ne suka kafa shi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Kamfanin Kasuwancin Basel da Ofishin Jakadancin Basel kuma waɗanda ke son ɓangarorin kuɗin da suke samu don tallafawa ayyukan aikin. 'Yan kasuwa sun riga sun sami sha'awar kasuwanci a Indiya da Ghana kafin su shiga kasuwar Najeriya. A Ghana, kungiyar ta mallaki kasuwancin koko mai tasowa kafin farkon yakin duniya na, shekaru bayan yakin, kungiyar ta kafa reshen ta a Najeriya a 1932.
Amma zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ribar UTC ta fara raguwa.
Ayyukan kasuwanci
An kafa UTC a Najeriya a cikin 1932 kuma an yi rajista a matsayin kamfani mai iyaka a cikin 1968, ya sayar da hannun jari ga jama'a a cikin 1971. Kamfanin, yana da rabuwa a cikin aikin gona da injiniya kamar su UTC Stores wanda ya kasance sarkar Supermarkets, UTC Motors, Dorman Long, Amalgamated Metal Containers, Imo Hills Ltd da UTC Industries. A cikin 1994, kamfanin ya raba ƙungiyoyin da ba na sarrafa abinci ba don mayar da hankali kan kasuwancin sarrafa abinci, alamun talla kamar Chopsy, Bell da champ.
Raguwa
Da farko a cikin shekarun 1970s, Basler Handelsgesellschaft, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na Basel wanda ke da hannun jari a cikin UTC Plc, ya fara rarraba sha'awar su daga Yammacin Afirka.
A Najeriya, ribar riba ta UTC ta fara raguwa a cikin shekarun 1980. Kamfanin ya bambanta kasuwancin injiniya a cikin shekarun 1990s don mayar da hankali kan sarrafa abinci amma a shekarar 2014 masu ba da bashi sun karbe shi.
A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2017 an cire kamfanin daga Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Najeriya.
Heward, Saskatchewan
Heward ( yawan jama'a na 2016 : 44 ) ƙauye ne a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin Karamar Hukumar Tecumseh No. 65 da Rarraba Ƙididdiga Na 1. Ƙauyen yana kan babbar hanya 33 a kudu maso gabashin Saskatchewan. Ko da yake tana da mutane ƙasa da 50 har yanzu tana kula da gidan waya, filin wasa, da zauren da duk ke hidima ga al'ummar noma. A cikin 1977 Prairie Trails and Tales: Heward Saskatchewan 1900-1976 Muriel Dempsey ya rubuta.
Tarihi
An haɗa Heward azaman ƙauye a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1904.
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2016, ƙauyen Heward ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 44 da ke zaune a cikin 19 daga cikin 20 na jimlar gidaje masu zaman kansu, a 9.1% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 40. Tare da filin ƙasa na 0.99 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 44.4/km   a cikin 2016.
Basra
Basra (البصرة‎) gari ne a kasar Iraqi a yanzu, wacce take da matukar tarihi a tarihin Musulunci.
Dorcas Ajoke Adesokan
Dorcas Ajoke Adesokan (an haife shi 5 ga Yuli 1998) shi ne dan wasan badminton na Najeriya.
Ayyuka
A shekarar 2019, ta shiga gasar wasannin Afirka, ta lashe zinare a kungiyar, haka ma lambar azurfa biyu a wasannin mata da kuma na biyu.
Gasar Afirka
Matan aure Mata ta ninka Mixed biyu
Taɗi
Taɗi wata al'ada ce ta fira tsakanin ƴan mata da kuma samari ko tsakanin budurwa da saurayin ta, inda saurayi kan rinƙa zuwa gidan su budurwar shi domin zance hakan ne zai baiwa iyayen yaran damar fahimtar junansu kafin akai ga auren yaransu.
Mahmoud Metwalli
Mahmoud El-Metwalli Mohamed Mansour (An haifeshi ranar ga watan Janairun shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993A.c) wanda aka fi sani da Mahmoud Metwalli ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Masar wanda ke taka leda a Al Ahly a gasar firimiya ta Masar a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya kuma mai tsaron baya.
Elizaveta Dmitrievna Soshkina
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a ranar 5 ga Oktoba (17), 1889 a cikin garin Ryazan, lardin Ryazan, a cikin dangin Burgeois. Tana da yaya biyu mata uku.
Ilimi
A 1909 ta sauke karatu daga Mariinsky Women Gymnasium a Ryazan, tare da lambar zinariya. Ya yi karatu tare da V.P. Ekimetskaya.
A 1915 ta sauke karatu daga na halitta kimiyyar sashen na kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin lissafi Faculty na Moscow Higher Courses ga mata da digiri na 1st. Ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a Sashen Geology (1916-1918).
Farfesanta su ne: Chaplygin, Sergei Alekseevich (darektan), Zelinsky, Nikolai Dmitrievich, Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovich, Menzbir, Mikhail Alexandrovich, Sushkin, Pyotr Petrovich, Koltsov, Nikolai Konstantinovich, Golenkin, Mikhail Ilyich, da kuma kananan malamai a wancan lokacin sun kasance. Kots, Alexander Fedorovich, Nametkin, Sergey Semyonovich, Alekhin, Vasily Vasilyevich, Meyer, Konstantin Ignatievich, Krechetovich, Lev Melkhizedekovich, Missuna, Anna Boleslavovna (mataimaki), Chernov, Alexander Alexandrovich da sauransu.
Aikin koyarwa
Ta fara aikin koyarwa a 1911 a darussan Prechistenskiye na ma'aikata.
A 1913-1915 ta koyar da kimiyyar dabi'a da yanayin kasa a darussan ilimi na gabaɗaya na yamma.
A 1915-1922 ta kasance malami a Moscow mata gymnasiums na Ivanova da Pototskaya.
Daga 1919 ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Sashen Kimiyyar Kasa a Jami'ar Moscow II, a matsayin mataimakin farfesa (1930-1937).
A 1937-1942 ta koyar da ilmin burbushin halittu a Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute.
Aikin kimiyya
Tun 1913 ta tafi a kan kimiyya balaguro zuwa Urals.
Hakkin dan adam a kasar koriya
Halin inchin al umma haƙƙin ɗan adam a Koriya shine batun batutuwa guda biyu daban-daban:
Elizaveta Dmitrievna Soshkina
Aikin kimiyya
A 1924-1933 ta yi aiki a balaguro na kwamitin Geological da Cibiyar Nazarin Arewa a Arewacin Urals, karkashin jagorancin A. A. Chernov. Haɗa taswirar ƙasa na Urals da Pechora Territory (122, 123, 124 zanen gado na Taswirar Geological na USSR).
A cikin 1924 ta gano ma'adinin Inta.
A cikin 1932-1934 ta kasance mai kula da Sashen Nazarin Paleontological a Cibiyar Binciken Haɗin Haɗin Man Fetur.
Daga 1934 ta yi aiki a matsayin babban mai bincike a VIMS Paleontological Laboratory.
A cikin 1936-1949 ta jagoranci sashen invertebrates a Cibiyar Paleontological na USSR Academy of Sciences.
Ya yi nazarin ilimin taxonomy, juyin halitta da ilimin halittu na Paleozoic murjani mai nuni guda huɗu, bisa ka'idar recapitulation. Ta gano ma'ajiyar garwashin Lower Permian a kan kogin Bolshaya Inta, ta yi nazarin yumbu na tudun Ufa, zinare na Timan, da ilimin ruwa na yankin Kostroma.
A 1937 ta aka ba da digiri na dan takarar na Geological da Mineralogical Sciences (ba tare da kare wani labarin).
A 1946 ta kare ta digiri na digiri a kan topic "Devonian murjani na Urals".
Ta kasance memba na kwamitin edita na mujallar Fundamentals of Paleontology.
Karshen shekaru na rayuwa
A 1956 ta yi ritaya kuma ta koma Ryazan.
Ta rasu a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1963 a birnin Ryazan.
Wuraren Yawon Buɗe Ido a Legas
Jihar Legas a Najeriya gida ce ga fitattun wuraren yawon bude ido da dama. Tun a shekarar 1995 ne Hukumar Sojoji ta kirkiro da yawon bude ido a Jihar Legas; tun daga lokacin, wuraren yawon buɗe ido sun karɓi dubban baƙi.
Domin inganta harkokin yawon bude ido, fasaha da al’adu a jihar, gwamnan jihar da ya gabata Akinwunmi Ambode a shekarar 2015 ya canza ma’aikatar yawon bude ido ma’aikatar fasaha da al’adu.
Cibiyar Kula da Lekki
Cibiyar kiyayewa ta Lekki tana tsakiyar Lekki. Yankin yawon bude ido mai fadin kasa hectare 78, yana kan gabar tekun Lekki, kusa da tafkin Lekki, da kuma kusa da tafkin Legas. Hanyar LCC mai tsayin mita 401 ita ce hanya mafi tsayi a cikin walkway a Afirka. Hanyar gada ce da aka dakatar da ita, wacce ke da nau'ikan ciyayi da dabbobi da dama.
Freedom Park, Legas
Freedom Park wurin shakatawa ne na tunawa da nishadi a tsakiyar garin Legas a tsibirin Legas, Najeriya; wurin shakatawa yana nuna alamar canjin gidan yari na mulkin mallaka zuwa alamar 'yanci. Ayyuka a wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da nunin al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru, na nahiyoyi da na abinci na gargajiya, da kiɗan raye-raye.
Nike Art Gallery
Nike Art Gallery gidan kayan gargajiya ne a Lekki, Legas, Gidan kayan tarihi na ɗaya daga cikin manyan tarin kayan zane na ƴan asalin Najeriya, kuma a halin yanzu shine babban gidan kayan fasaha mai zaman kansa a Afirka.
Rairayin bakin teku
Jihar Legas tana da sama da 700 kilomita na rairayin bakin teku masu yashi na Atlantic tare da kusan 20 tsakanin Yammacin Badagry da Gabashin Lekki. Sun hada da:
Camille Koenig
Camille Koenig (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni 2001) 'yar wasan ninkaya ce ta Mauritius.
Andreas Cornelius
Andreas Evald Cornelius (an haife shi ranar 16 ga watan Maris, 1993) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Denmark, wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na Parma, a matsayin aro daga Atalanta, da ƙungiyar ƙasar Denmark. A ranar 9 Gawatan Afrilu 2012, ya buga wasan farko na Superliga, yana zuwa maimakon César Santin akan AGF a NRGi Park a Aarhus. A wasan da suka gabata na Superliga (da Brøndby a filin Parken a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2012), ya kasance wanda ba a yin amfani da shi ba. A 20 Gawatan Mayu 2012, an sanar da cewa Cornelius zai shiga cikin ƙungiyar farko ta ƙungiyar na dindindin a farkon kakar wasa mai zuwa, tare da Christoffer Remmer da Jakob Busk.
OhCornelius ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Copenhagen a kan Midtjylland a wasan farko na sabuwar kakar 2012–13. Ya zira kwallon farko a ragar Odense a wasan da suka tashi 2-2. Ya kuma ci kwallon da ta ci Molde FK a gasar Europa ranar 20 ga Satumba.
An ba Cornelius kyautar dan wasa na watan a cikin Superliga na Danish a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2012. A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, ya ci kwallon karshe a wasan da suka doke FC Nordsjælland da ci 3-2. Wannan ya ba FCK tazarar maki 10 a gasar zuwa lamba 2, kuma yana da mahimmanci ga Copenhagen lashe taken.
Kodayake Cornelius kawai ya buga cikakkiyar wasa tare da ƙungiyar farko, da sauri ya zama ɗayan DaGacikinshahararrun playersan wasan ƙungiyar, kamar yadda bugawa tare da sunansa da lambarsa a kan rigunan hukuma sun fi shahara, ana sayar da kusan 40% na duk bugun.
A ranar 31 Janairu 2014, Cornelius ya koma FC Copenhagen don kudin da ba a bayyana ba, amma Cardiff ta ce sun rasa yawancin kudin da suka biya shi. Ya ci kwallaye-hat-hat a wasansa na farko a Copenhagen a wasan sada zumunci da Slovan Liberec. A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2014, Cornelius ya fara wasan farko bayan sake sanya hannu tare da kulob din kuma ya nada kambin dawowarsa tare da buga kwallo don sanya tawagarsa 1-0 a gaba da AGF a NRGi Park. Wasan ya ƙare ne ci 1-1.
Cornelius ya kammala kakarsa ta farko da kwallaye 5 a wasanni 13 da ya buga, gami da kwallon da ya zira a ragar kungiyar Randers FC a Parken inda ya buge maza hudu kafin ya tura kwallon cikin raga. A watan Afrilu 2015, ya ji rauni "mai ban tsoro" a idon sahu yayin wasan Copenhagen da Silkeborg IF.
Atalanta
A ranar 2 Gawatan Mayu 2017, an sanar da cewa Cornelius zai shiga Atalanta na Serie A don farashin kusan € 3.5 miliyan.
Lamunin Bordeaux
A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2018, sa’o’i kafin rufe kasuwar musayar rani ta 2018, Cornelius ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Lig 1 FC Girondins de Bordeaux a matsayin aro don kakar. Yarjejeniyar da aka ruwaito ya hada da zabi ga Bordeaux don sanya shi dindindin kan kudin tsakanin € 7 da 8 miliyan.
Parma
A ranar 18 Gawatan Yuli 2019, Cornelius ya sanya hannu zuwa kulob din Serie A Parma a rancen shekaru 2 tare da wajibcin saya. A 20 Oktoba 2019, Cornelius zo kashe benci a cikin 11th ga musanya da suka ji rauni Roberto Inglese, kuma ya sha wani hula abin zamba a wani 5-1 gida nasara a kan Genoa a cikin span na takwas da minti. Cornelius ya ci kwallaye uku a ragar Genoa daga baya a kakar wasa a wasan da suka tashi 4-1 a waje.
Aikin duniya
A watan Mayu 2018 an saka shi cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko 35 na Denmark don Kofin Duniya na 2018 a Rasha. Ya buga wasanni 3 cikin 4 na Denmark, farawa a wasan rukuni na karshe da Faransa da kuma zagaye na 16 na wasa da Croatia. Cornelius bai jefa kwallaye a raga ba a gasar cin kofin duniya.
Liliane Atlan
Liliane Atlan (14 Janairu 1932 - 15 Fabrairu 2011) marubuciya Bayahudiya ce Bafaranshiya wacce ayyukanta galibi suna mai da hankali kan tasirin tunani na Holocaust.
Rayuwa
Bayan yakin, Elie Cohen ya mai da hankali kan taimaka wa wadanda suka tsira daga Holocaust, wanda ya hada da daukar wani saurayi da ya tsira a cikin iyali.Saurayin, Bernard Kruhl, shi kadai ne dan iyalinsa da ya tsira daga Auschwitz, kuma yana cikin yunwa da mutuwa a cikin bakin ciki.Wannan ɗan’uwan da aka ɗauke shi zai gaya wa ƙanwarsa Liliane abubuwan da ya faru a sansanin fursuna. Wadannan labarun, labaran da ke nuna sansanonin, da kuma matsalolin gaba ɗaya na fuskantar samartaka bayan Holocaust, sun yi mummunar tasiri ga yarinya mai shekaru 14, kuma ta ci gaba da rashin lafiya, wanda ta nemi magani a wani asibiti a Switzerland.
Daga baya, ta yi nazarin rubutun Yahudawa a makarantar Gilbert Bloch d'Orsay da ke birnin Paris. A nan ta sadu da Henri Atlan,wanda za ta aura daga baya.Ta kuma yi karatun falsafa a Sorbonne daga 1952 zuwa 1953, inda Gaston Bachelard ya ba da shawara akan "The Arbitrary and Fantastic Tun Nietzsche". A 1952 ta kuma auri Atlan, kuma suka ƙaura zuwa Paris, suna da ɗiya, Miri, a 1953 da ɗa, Michaël, a 1956. A cikin 1960s iyali ya ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila na shekaru da yawa.Ta kuma yi shekaru biyu a California tana koyar da Faransanci, kuma marubuciya ce a wurin zama a Jami'ar Iowa da ke birnin Iowa kafin ta koma Paris.
Atlan ta mutu da ciwon daji a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2011 a Kfar Saba, Isra'ila.
Aiki
Wasanta Monsieur Fugue ta zana ra'ayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa Antonin Artaud game da wasan kwaikwayo na zalunci.Ana jigilar wasu gungun yara hudu da suka tsira da rayukansu zuwa Auschwitz inda za a kashe su. A lokacin tafiyarsu, yaran suna aiwatar da rayuwar da za su iya rayuwa idan za su rayu. Grol, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadi, ya yanke shawarar hawa tare da yaran, yana ƙarfafa labarunsu kuma a ƙarshe ya raba makomarsu.
Ta kasance wacce ta samu lambobin yabo na adabi da yawa: kyaututtukan Habima da Mordechai Anielewicz don wasanta na Monsieur Fugue a 1972; kyauta daga WIZO don littafinta na Les Passants; da Prix Mémoire de la Shoah a cikin 1999 don tarin ayyukanta.
Kafinta
KAFINTA Kalman kafinta nanufin me sarrafa katako ko gyarasu zuwa nau'i daban daba na zamani, misali; gado,gujeru,durowa[ma'ajiyan kayan sawa] da sauran su kafinta; na taka muhimmin rawa arayuwan mu gurin sarrafamana kayan aikin gida da abun ajiya adaki da madafan abinci. Irin kayan da kafinta ke sarrafawa sun ahada da; Gado,kujeru,kujeran zama na aikin gida,durowa[ma'ajiyan kayan sawa],durowa na badafan abinci. da sauran su.
fassara kafinta english:carpenter arabic:al najar.
Babban Asibitin Lagos
Tarihi
Babban Asibiti, Lagos Odan yana cikin Odan, Tsibirin Lagos, tsakanin Broad Street da Marina a cikin gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya. Asibitin yana daya daga cikin manyan asibitocin gwamnatin jihar Legas. An kafa shi a matsayin asibitin soja don kula da marasa lafiya na Sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin mulkin mallaka. A lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1893, shi ne babban asibiti na farko a Nijeriya. Ma'aikatan farko sun kasance ƙasashe na Commonasashen Burtaniya. A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1960, aka ba da asibitin ga Gwamnatin Tarayya kuma a ranar 7 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1967, a ƙarshe Gwamnatin Legas ta karbe ta. An kafa Makarantar Nursing a shekara ta 1952. Sauran ayyukan da suka fara sun hada da ayyukan General Out-Patient, Surgery, Obetetrics da Gynecology. An canza sashen haihuwa da kula da lafiyar mata zuwa Massey Street (Ita Eleiye) inda aka haifi shahararrun 'yan Legas. An kafa kungiyar likitocin Najeriya (NMA) a asibitin. Asibitin ya kasance cibiyar horar da Likitoci, Magunguna, Nurses, Radiographers da Technologists a duk fadin kasar.
Duba kuma
Jerin asibitoci a Legas
Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam a Benin
An yi la'akari da yanayin 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Benin a matsayin gabaɗaya sama da matsakaici ga Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara.
Wani rahoton Amurka na 2012 ya yaba wa Benin "don ci gaba da mika mulki ga dimokuradiyya" kuma ya yaba "ayyukan majalisa na 'yan shekarun nan don zartar da aiwatar da dokoki game da cin zarafin mata a cikin gida, cin hanci da rashawa a hukumance, azabtarwa, da sauran laifuffuka", da kuma "kafa." na cibiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da mai kula da kare hakkin bil'adama da majalisar kasa don inganta daidaito da daidaito tsakanin jinsi".
Rahoton ya ci gaba da nuna damuwa, duk da haka, "game da ci gaba da rahotanni na yawan tashe-tashen hankula da cin zarafi daga jami'an tsaro, ciki har da 'yan sanda, da kuma mummunan yanayin gidan yari da kuma tsawon lokacin da ake tsare da su kafin a yi shari'a", da kuma "ta hanyar rahotanni masu tsanani. takunkumi kan 'yancin yajin aiki a ma'aikatun jama'a da kuma maganganun da hukumomi ke yi akai-akai na nuna adawa da kungiyar, yana kara rura wutar zaman jama'a da ayyukan zanga-zanga". Bugu da kari, rahoton ya yi nuni da cewa "hankalin ci gaban da gwamnati ke samu wajen magance munanan nau'ikan aikin yara ".
Tarihin tarihi
Kasar Benin dai ta kasance kasar Faransa da aka fi sani da Dahomey, wadda ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekara ta 1960. Daga 1972 zuwa shekara ta 1990 kasar Marxist–Leninist ce wacce mai mulkin kama karya Mathieu Kérékou ya mulki, wanda ya karbi mulki a juyin mulki. A karkashin Kérékou, ƙasar ba ta da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ko na 'yan jarida kuma ba ta da yancin ɗan adam. Ya canza suna zuwa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Benin a 1975. A cikin 1990 an cire kalmar "People's" daga sunan kasar, kuma a cikin Disamba 1991 aka amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki da nufin kafa wata kasa wadda a cikinta "dokar doka, 'yancin kai, 'yancin jama'a, mutuncin dan Adam. kuma an tabbatar da adalci, kariya da kuma inganta shi a matsayin abin da ake bukata don ci gaban da ya dace ga kowane dan kasar Benin."
A karkashin sabon kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, an maido da mulkin dimokradiyya a kasar Benin a shekarar 1991. A zaben da aka gudanar a waccan shekarar, Kérékou ya sha kaye a hannun Nicéphore Soglo kuma ya amince da sakamakon zaben. An mayar da shi mulki a zaɓen shekara ta 1996 aka sake zabe a 2001; zaɓen 2006, wanda Kérékou bai tsaya takara ba, an dauke shi cikin 'yanci da adalci.
Tun daga 1991, ana ɗaukar Benin a matsayin mafi girman matsayin 'yancin ɗan adam fiye da sauran ƙasashen Afirka. An rubuta cewa kasar Benin ta bayyana cewa tana daya daga cikin ƙasashen da ke kan gaba a tsarin dimokuradiyya a Afirka, amma yawancin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kare Haƙƙin bil adama a ƙasar, wadanda suka samo asali tun lokacin rikon kwarya, "ba sa hada kai a tsakaninsu", ta yadda "ta ya zama al'ada ga ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki a yanki ɗaya ba su san juna ba", wanda ke haifar da "kwafi na ƙoƙarin". A zaman taro na 47 na hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Afrika a shekarar 2010, babban mai shigar da kara na kasar Benin, Victor Topanou ya bayyana cewa, "a yau akwai bayyananniyar manufar siyasa don tabbatar da nasarar al'adun 'yancin dan Adam", yana mai nuni da kokarin da aka yi a baya-bayan nan. don rage radadin talauci ta hanyar tsare-tsaren kananan bashi, da inganta samun adalci ta hanyar gina sabbin kotunan shari'a da gidajen yari, da kara yawan abinci da kula da lafiya a gidajen yari.
Jamhuriyar Benin ta rattaba hannu kan yarjeniyoyi na kasa da kasa kamar haka: Yarjejeniya ta Afirka (Banjul) kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a; Yarjejeniya kan azabtarwa da sauran zalunci, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanci magani ko azabtarwa; Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata; Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin Yara; Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan kawar da duk wani nau'i na wariyar launin fata; Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa Tattalin Arziki, Haƙƙin Jama'a da Al'adu; da Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya Kan Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Siyasa.
Wannan ginshiƙi ne na ƙimar Benin tun 1972 a cikin rahoton Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba".
Haƙƙoƙin na asali
Kundin tsarin mulki da dokoki sun haramta wariya dangane da launin fata, jinsi, nakasa, harshe, da matsayin zamantakewa; duk da haka, mata da nakasassu suna ci gaba da fuskantar wariya, kuma gwamnati ba ta yi komai ba don yaƙar ta.
Ko da yake kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Benin da dokokinsa sun tabbatar da ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da kuma ‘yan jarida, amma a wasu lokuta ana hana wadannan hakkokin. Ofishin gidan Rediyo da Talabijin na gwamnati (ORTB) ya takaita yada shirye-shiryen da ke sukar gwamnati; gwamnatin kasar ta toshe siginar wani gidan rediyon kasar Faransa da ya bayar da rahoto a shekarar 2010 kan kokarin da 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar suka yi na tsige shugaba Yayi; sannan an yi sayayya da yawa, wanda ake zargin jami’an gwamnati ne, na kwafin jaridun da suka ba da rahoto kan wata almundahana. Yawancin 'yan jarida sun shiga aikin tantance kansu, kuma an gurfanar da wasu da dama daga cikinsu kan zargin cin zarafi, ko da yake alkalai sukan zaɓi ba za su tuhume su ba. "Zagi" na 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki yana da hukuncin dauri ta hanyar aiki tukuru. Har yanzu, akwai kafafen yada labarai masu fafutuka da galibi ke sukar gwamnati, duk da cewa isarsu ba ta da yawa, wani bangare saboda jahilci. Kafafen yada labarai mafi tasiri mallakar gwamnati ne. Wasu kafafen yada labarai masu zaman kansu suna samun tallafin gwamnati.
Akwai haƙƙin shiga Intanet mara iyaka, amma babu shi a yawancin wurare. Gwamnati ba ta tsoma baki cikin harkokin ilimi ko al'adu, kuma gabaɗaya tana mutunta ' yancin yin taro, kodayake a wasu lokuta takan ƙi ba da izinin taron ƙungiyoyin adawa da sauran su. A shekara ta 2010, gwamnati ta haramta tarukan jama'a da dama, ciki har da zanga-zangar 'yan kungiyar da ke nuna damuwa kan cin hanci da rashawa da sauran batutuwa. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Benin da dokokin ƙasar sun tabbatar da ‘yancin yin tafiya cikin walwala a cikin kasar, fita ƙasashen waje, yin hijira da komawa gida, kuma ana girmama wadannan hakkokin, duk da cewa akwai shingayen binciken ababen hawa a faɗin ƙasar da ke hana zirga-zirga da ‘yan sanda da jami’an tsaro ke amfani da su wajen neman cin hanci. Kodayake yara ƙanana suna buƙatar takaddun shaida lokacin tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don guje wa fataucin, rashin aiwatar da wannan buƙatun yana haifar da ci gaba da fataucin.
Kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Benin ya tanada, ƙasa ce da ba ruwanta da addini, wanda a cikinta ne aka ba wa kowa ‘yancin addini kuma a cikinta ba a ba wa makarantun gwamnati damar ba da koyarwar addini (ko da yake an halatta makarantun addini masu zaman kansu). A kasar Benin, inda a ƙidayar 2002 yawan jama'a ya kasance kashi 27 cikin dari na Roman Katolika, kashi 24 cikin dari Musulmai, kashi 17 na Voudon (Vodoo), kashi 6 cikin dari na sauran addinai na asali, da kashi 5 cikin ɗari na Kiristanci na Celestial, kuma inda bukukuwan kasa sun hada da Kirista da Musulmai masu tsarki. Kwanaki, "mutunta bambance-bambancen addini ya yadu a kowane mataki na al'umma da kuma a dukkan yankuna", a cewar rahoton gwamnatin Amurka na 2011, kodayake akwai " rikici lokaci-lokaci tsakanin masu aikin Voodoo da Kirista game da ayyukan ƙaddamar da Voodoo, yana buƙatar sa hannun 'yan sanda".
Haƙƙoƙin mata
Halin ‘yancin mata a kasar Benin ya samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan dawo da tsarin dimokuradiyya da tabbatar da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, da kuma zartar da dokar ta sirri da ta iyali a shekara ta 2004, wadanda dukkansu suka yi watsi da al’adun gargajiya daban-daban da suka saba wa mata. Har yanzu, rashin daidaito da wariya na ci gaba da wanzuwa. Auren mace fiye da daya da auren dole haramun ne amma har yanzu suna faruwa. Aiwatar da dokar hana fyaɗe, hukuncin da zai iya kai shekaru biyar a gidan yari, na fuskantar cikas ta hanyar cin hanci da rashawa, rashin ingantaccen aikin 'yan sanda, da fargabar kyama ga al'umma. Rashin iya aikin 'yan sanda yana haifar da yawancin laifukan jima'i da aka mayar da su zuwa ga kuskure. Rikicin cikin gida ya zama ruwan dare, inda ake yanke hukuncin daurin shekaru 3 a gidan yari, amma mata ba sa son kai rahoton lamarin, sannan hukumomi ba sa son sa baki a cikin abin da ake dauka na sirri ne.
An bayyana kaciyar mata a matsayin "mafi girman cin zarafin bil'adama a kasar Benin". Kimanin kashi 13 cikin 100 na mata da 'yan mata an yi musu fyade (sama da kashi 70 cikin 100 a wasu yankuna da kabilu), amma ba kasafai ake aiwatar da dokar da ta hana ba. Karuwanci, musamman karuwancin yara, shi ma ya zama ruwan dare, inda abokan cinikin suka kasance masu yawon bude ido. Haka nan ana yawan cin zarafi, inda dalibai mata da dama ke cin zarafin malamansu. Duk da cewa laifin aikata laifi ne wanda zai iya yanke hukuncin zaman gidan yari na tsawon shekaru biyu, aiwatar da shi ya yi kasala. Al’adun gargajiya da ba su dace da mata ba a yanzu ba su da karfin doka a kasar Benin, inda mata ke samun ‘yancin kai daidai da tsarin mulkin kasar, ciki har da harkokin aure da gado. Har yanzu, suna fuskantar wariya mai yawa na zamantakewa da aikin yi saboda halaye na al'ada game da matsayin jima'i, kuma suna da wahalar samun lokaci mai yawa don samun bashi kuma lokacin da gwauruwa ba su da 'yancin sarrafa dukiyarsu. Mata a yankunan karkara suna taka rawa a karkashin ƙasa kuma suna yin aiki tukuru.
Matan da suka fuskanci wariya ko cin zarafi na iya neman taimako daga Women in Law and Development-Benin, Female Jurist Association of Benin (AFJB), da Women's Justice and Empowerment Initiative ta hanyar Care International's Empower Project. Wani rahoton Amurka na shekara ta 2012 ya yaba wa Benin bisa kafa Majalisar Kula da daidaiton jinsi da daidaito ta ƙasa.
Haƙƙoƙin yara
Hukumar kare hakkin yara ta kasa da ma’aikatar iyali ana dorawa alhakin bunkasa ‘yancin yara.
Yara sun zama ’yan kasa ta hanyar haihuwa a Benin ko kuma haihuwar iyayen da ’yan kasar Benin ne. Ba a rubuta haihuwar mutane da yawa ba, wanda hakan na iya haifar da hana ilimi, kula da lafiya, da sauran ayyuka. Makarantar firamare wajibi ne, kodayake yawancin 'yan mata ba sa zuwa makaranta. Auren yara ya yadu, duk da cewa auren yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 14 haramun ne a fasahance, tare da halatta auren wadanda ke tsakanin 14 zuwa 17 idan iyaye sun ba da izininsu.
A bisa al'adar ƙabilanci, sau da yawa ana kashe yara a lokacin haihuwa saboda dalilai daban-daban - alal misali, an kashe ɗaya daga cikin tagwaye saboda a al'adance ana daukar tagwaye a matsayin mayu. Yaran da aka haife su da wuri ko kuma waɗanda ba su yi kuka a lokacin haihuwarsu ba, ana ɗaukarsu mayu. Babban dalilin kashe wadannan yara shi ne, ana daukar su a matsayin tushen bala'i. Wani rahoto ya bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi kamar haka: “Da zaran an haifi yaron ta hanyar da ake ganin zai mayar da su mayya ko kuma na rashin al’ada, sai shugaban iyali ya ba da jaririn ga wani mai kisa. Daban-daban dabaru da ake amfani da su don kashe jarirai suna da muni. Sau da yawa akan yi karo da jaririn a kan bishiya kafin a binne shi ko kuma a yanka shi. Ba a kashe wasu mayu ko yaran da ba na al'ada ba. Gabaɗaya ana watsar da su, ana sayar da su, ko kuma ba su ga dangin da suka shahara don adana irin waɗannan yaran. Suna ajiye waɗannan yaran ba don soyayya ba amma don a yi amfani da su daga baya a matsayin hanyar musanya a matsayin bawa na gida. Wadannan yaran dole ne su rayu ta hanyar bara. Haka kuma rahoton ya yi nuni da cewa, duk da cewa dokar kasar Benin ba ta fito karara ta haramta kisan gilla ba, amma ta haramta kisan gilla, wanda ke nufin ana iya gurfanar da kisan gilla a matsayin kisan kai. Amma duk da haka irin waɗannan lokuta ba kasafai suke zuwa kotu ba saboda mutunta imani da al'adun gargajiya da/ko saboda wahalar tattara shaidun da suka dace.
Wata al’adar da har yanzu ta zama ruwan dare ita ce sanya yaro matalauta da iyalinsa masu wadata a matsayin ma’aikacin gida, lamarin da yakan haifar da lalata da sana’o’i da kuma fataucin mutane. Ana kiran wannan aikin "vidomègon". Sauran matsalolin sun hada da karuwanci da yara, wanda galibi yakan shafi yaran tituna, da aikin yara. Akwai yara kanana da yawa a kan titi, da yawa daga cikinsu ba sa zuwa makaranta ko kuma ba sa samun kulawar likita.
An ƙirƙiri Brigade na Kariyar Ƙananan yara a cikin shekara ta 1983 kuma "an ba da izinin yin aiki a duk lokacin da yara ke cikin haɗari na ɗabi'a ko na jiki. Yana aiwatar da ayyuka don hana laifin matasa. A ci gaba da zama cibiyar da ake magance matsalolin da suka shafi yara ta hanyar sada zumunta. A cewar jami’anta, rawar da take takawa ita ce ta zamantakewa a yau.”
Benin ba ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Hague ta 1980 kan al'amuran da suka shafi satar yara na ƙasa da ƙasa, amma ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin yara a 1990, Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan Hakki da Jin Dadin Yara a shekara ta 1996, da kuma Yarjejeniyar No. 182 na ILO a cikin shekara ta 2004.
Haƙƙin naƙasassu
Babu wata doka da ta hana nuna bambanci ga nakasassu, kodayake gwamnati, a karkashin doka, yakamata ta kula da irin wadannan mutane. Haka kuma babu wata doka da ke buƙatar kowane gine-gine, na jama'a ko akasin haka, ya zama abin shigar da keken hannu. Babu kadan a cikin hanyar taimakon hukumomi ga nakasassu, wadanda galibi ke tallafa wa kansu ta hanyar bara. Akwai, duk da haka, kariya a cikin dokar aiki ga nakasassu ma'aikata.
Haƙƙin LGBT
A cikin wani rahoto na shekara ta 2012, Amurka ta lura da kin amincewar Benin na shawarar da ta gabata cewa ta "lalata dangantakar jima'i tsakanin masu yarda, masu jima'i" tare da nuna damuwa "game da 'yan LGBT a Benin", suna tambayar: "Wane ayyuka ko shirye-shiryen ilimi kuke yi. Shin akwai wurin tabbatar da aminci da walwalar 'yan LGBT?" Rahoton ya yi kira ga Benin da ta "[d] ta hukunta dangantakar jima'i tsakanin masu yarda, masu jinsi daya da kafa shirye-shiryen ilimi da kuma manufofin da suka dace ga 'yan sanda wadanda ke inganta tsaron lafiyar dukkan 'yan kasar Benin ba tare da la'akari da yanayin jima'i ba".
Haƙƙin HIV/AIDS
Ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne a nuna wa mutane wariya dangane da matsayin HIV, kuma ba a yawan samun irin wannan wariyar ba.
Haƙƙoƙin tsiraru
Babu wata kabila mafi rinjaye a Benin. An wakilta kabilu da dama a cikin ma'aikatun gwamnati.
Hakkokin 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka
Akwai tsarin kare 'yan gudun hijira, wanda ƙasar ta rike kusan 7,300 a ƙarshen shekara ta 2010, yawancinsu 'yan kasar Togo ne. Benin tana aiki tare da UNHCR da sauran ƙungiyoyi don taimakawa irin waɗannan mutane. Ana gayyatar waɗanda ba su cancanci zama ɗan gudun hijira ba don neman izinin zama.
Haƙƙin ma'aikata
An ba wa ma’aikata damar hada kai su yi yajin aikin, duk da cewa ana bukatar su ba da sanarwar yajin aikin na kwanaki uku kuma gwamnati na iya haramta su saboda wasu dalilai. Ma'aikata, ban da waɗanda ke cikin jigilar kayayyaki, suma suna da damar yin ciniki tare. Akwai kwamitin tuntubar juna ta kasa da ke shiga irin wannan tattaunawa. Yin aikin tilas ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ko da yake yana samuwa a sassa da dama, tare da yara sau da yawa. Yara a ƙarƙashin 12 ba za su iya aiki a kowane aiki ba; waɗanda ke tsakanin 12 zuwa 14 na iya yin aiki mai sauƙi ko riƙe ayyukan gida. Amma waɗannan hane-hane ba a cika aiwatar da su ba, kuma a zahiri yara 'yan ƙasa da bakwai suna aiki a gonaki, kasuwanci, gine-gine, kasuwanni, da sauran wurare, tare da sanya wasu zuwa “wakilai” kuma a sanya su aiki a wasu ƙasashe.
Sakamakon karancin sufeto, ana aiwatar da ka'idar aiki mara kyau kuma a cikin abin da ake kira na yau da kullun. Akwai mafi karancin albashi amma yana da rahusa, kuma akwai hani iri-iri kan lokutan aiki da makamantansu amma galibi ana aiwatar da su ne kawai a “bangaren hukuma”. Hakanan ba a aiwatar da ka'idojin lafiya da aminci yadda ya kamata.