cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Afzal Khan
Sauran ayyuka
An nada shi a matsayin shugaban majalissar ma'aikata musulmai watoLabour Muslim Network a watan Agusta 2020.
Sauran abubuwan da suka faru
A watan Maris 2018, Khan ya sami wani fakitin tuhuma wanda ke ɗauke da wasiƙar adawa da Musulunci da ruwa mai ɗaci. Daga baya an gano sinadarin ba shi da illa. An samu irin wannan fakitin takwarorinsu na jam'iyyar Labour, Mohammad Yasin, Rushanara Ali da Rupa Huq.
Rayuwa
'Yar Khan Maryam ta kasance Kansila na Majalisar Birnin Manchester, na Longsight.
Ras Mubarak
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ras Mubarak a Tamale, a Yankin Arewacin Ghana amma ya fito ne daga Satani, a gundumar Kumbungu inda kakansa babban sarki ne.
Aikin siyasa
Ras Mubarak ya yi takarar kujerar majalisar wakilai ta National Democratic Congress (Ghana) na Ablekuma ta Arewa a shekarar 2011. Ya ci zaben kuma daga baya ya tsaya wannan jam'iyyar don yin takarar babban zabe a 2012 don wakiltar Ablekuma ta Arewa a matsayin dan majalisar su. Ya sha kaye a hannun Sabon Dan Takarar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party. Daga nan ya ci gaba da neman takarar kujerar majalisar NDC a Kumbungu a 2015. Ya sake cin nasara da tsayawa takarar dan majalisar Kumbungu (mazabar majalisar Ghana) a yankin Arewacin Ghana don babban zaben Ghana na 2016. .
Gold Coast Euro-Africans
Shiga cikin maganganun jama'a
Limamai masu tasowa da ajin katikist sun koyar da "mulattos" a cikin darajojinsu. Wani fitaccen malamin cocin Yuro-Afirka da ya yi karatu a Yammacin Turai shi ne fasto kuma masanin tarihi Carl Christian Reindorf wanda aka buga littafinsa mai suna The History of the Gold Coast and Asante a cikin 1895. Mahaifin Reindorf ya kasance sojan Danish-Ga da ke aiki a ofishin. Barracks na Christianborg Castle, kuma daga baya ya zama wakili ga wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Ingila, Joshua Ridley. Kakan Carl Reindorf, Augustus Frederick Hackenburg dan kasuwa ne dan kasar Denmark wanda ya isa gabar tekun Gold a 1739 kuma daga baya ya zama Gwamnan mulkin mallaka, ya bar mukamin a 1748. A matsayin misali, a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, jarida ta farko ta 'yan asalin da aka kafa a gabar tekun Gold ita ce Accra Herald, daga baya aka canza sunan West African Herald, wanda aka fara bugawa a 1857 a cikin British Accra ta hannun lauya mai horar da Ingilishi na Yuro-Afrika Charles Bannerman kuma ɗan'uwansa Edmund, scions na dangin Bannerman na bakin teku a lokacin. 'Yan'uwan biyu 'ya'yan James Bannerman ne. Jaridar ta yi suka game da turawa Turai akan Gold Coast kuma a shekara ta 1859 tana da masu karatu na 310 masu biyan kuɗi. Ta haka ne adabi ya zama abin dogaro ga ra’ayin jama’a da ba da jawabi.
Muhammad Bello Yabo
Muhammad Bello Aliyu Yabo wanda aka fi sani da Bello Yabo (an haife shi a ranar 1,ga watan Junairu shekara ta 1962). Malamin Addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya kuma ana lissafo shi cikin manyan malaman Najeriya. Malam Bello Yabo ya soki gwamnatin shugaba Muhammadu Buhari kan rashin tsaro a Arewacin Najeriya, wato (Arewa maso Yammacin Najeriya) musamman a jihohin Zamfara, Sokoto, Kaduna, Katsina da Jihar Neja.
Ilimi da Aiki
Bello Yabo ya yi makarantar Islamiyya tun yana ƙarami. Bayan ya kammala sai Malam Bello Yabo ya fara makarantar firamare a makarantar firamare ta garin  Yabo daga bisani  ya wuce makarantar Government Day Secondary School duka dai a garin na Yabo. An naɗa Bello Yabo a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kan kula da hanyoyin karkara. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da kuɗi na cikin gida a ƙaramar hukumar Dange-Shuni, ya riƙe Daraktan kuɗi na musamman na asibitin Sokoto, daraktan kuɗi  ma'aikatar ilimi ta Sokoto. Sheikh Bello yabo yana cikin sahun malamman da suka yi yaƙi da Akidar boko haram a Nigeria.
Sukar El-Rufa'i
A shekarar 2020 yayin da annobar cutar numfashi ta COVID-19 ta ɓulla a jihar Sokoto, Bello Yabo, babban malamin addinin Islama na jihar Sokoto, bayan wani faifan bidiyo ya bayyana a soshiyal midiya yana kiran sauran mabiya addinin Musulunci da su fito ƙwansu da ƙwar-ƙwarta su don Sallar Eid-el-Fitr bayan sun yi azumin watan Ramadan. Wanda har ya nuna cewa cutar bata yaɗu ba a Najeriya saboda haka babu dalilin da za'a hana mutane yin Addinin su. Haka kuma a wani wani faifan bidiyo wanda ya yi Allah wadai da hana Sallar Idi, a Jihar Kaduna. Wanda a faifan bidiyon ya caccaki Gwamnan jihar Kaduna El-Rufae da sauran gwamnoni kan hana Sallar Idi a jihohinsu. Rundunar ƴan sandan Najeriya ta gayyaci Bello Yabo saboda wannan faifan bidiyon na rana ɗaya wanda ya sifanta gwamnan Kaduna El-Rufa'i da "ɗan ƙaramin tsuntsu".
Duba kuma
Kungiyar Izala
Amna Suraka
Kurkuku
Daga shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1991, a lokacin mulkin Saddam Hussein a Iraki, Amna Suraka ita ce hedikwatar Da'irat al-Amn/Darekta na Tsaro ta Arewa, hukumar leken asiri ta ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta Iraki, wadda ake kira da Amn kawai. An ɗaure mutane da dama a wurin, musamman dalibyai, Kurdawa masu kishin kasa, da sauran 'yan adawa. An azabtar da da yawa da fyade. A lokacin yakin Sulaymaniah na shekara ta 1991 Jami'an tsaron Iraki da sojoji sun koma hedikwatar Amn da ta kasance tungar Baath a birnin tare da tsare 'yan tawaye kusan kwanaki biyu har sai da sojojin Peshmerga suka kwace gidan yarin, bayan wani hari da aka kwashe sa'oi 2 ana yi. ‘Yan tawaye sun kashe jami’an Amn 300 a takaice, tare da kashe fararen hula da dama. Wasu gungun iyaye mata da aka kashe ‘ya’yansu a harabar gidan sun jefe wasu ‘yan Iraqi 21 da gatari har lahira. A jimilce, an kashe ‘yan sanda da sojoji na sirri tsakanin 700 zuwa 800, duk da cewa an yafe wa da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka yi aikin soja, kuma shugaban KDP, Massoud Barzani, ya bar su su koma gidajensu a kudancin kasar. Ginin yana da alamun harsashi da yawa daga wannan yaƙin. .
Gidan kayan tarihi
A cikin shekara ta 2003, an buɗe gidan tarihi a wurin don tattara bayanan take hakkin ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin mulkin Saddam. Gidan kayan gargajiya yana da kyauta don halarta, yana buɗe kwanaki shida a mako, kuma galibi yana samun tallafi daga Ƙungiyar Kishin ƙasa ta Kurdistan, jam'iyyar siyasa, kuma ta sami tallafi daga dangin Talabani da Ƙungiyar Qaiwan. Abubuwan da aka baje kolin kayayyakin tarihin sun hada da mannequin da ke nuna yadda aka azabtar da mutane a gidan yari da kuma wani dakin fashe-fashe na madubai mai dauke da shards 182,000 na tunawa da Kurdawa da aka kashe a yakin Anfal na kisan kare dangi, tare da fitulun baya 4,500 na wakiltar kauyukan Kurdawa da aka lalata a lokacin yakin neman zabe. Akwai kuma wani baje kolin na Anfal mai dauke da hotunan gawarwakin da aka tono da sunayen fitattun Kurdawa da aka kashe ko suka bace. Wani nuni daga baya yana kan mayakan Peshmerga da ISIS ta kashe.
A gidan kayan gargajiya, ana amfani da tarihin cin zarafin ɗan adam a cikin wani labari na kishin ƙasa na Kurdawa. A cewar Autumn Cockrell-Abdullah, gidan kayan gargajiya yana ƙoƙari ya zama "Kurdawa a matsayin kasa da kasa-kasa da kuma shata iyakokin wata kasa ta Kurdawa" ta hanyar tunawa da cin zarafin bil'adama akan Kurdawa.
A cikin shekara ta 2013, mai ba da rahoto na Vice News Orlando Crowcroft ya kira Amna Suraka "gidan kayan tarihi mafi damuwa a duniya", da kuma mafi girman wuraren yawon bude ido a Sulaimaniyya.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
35.56222°N, 45.42556°W<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"> 35.56222°N, 45.42556°W
Gidan Kayan Tarihi Na Railway Na Nairobi
Gidan kayan tarihi na Railway na Nairobi wani gidan kayan tarihi ne na layin dogo a Nairobi, Kenya, kusa da tashar jirgin kasa ta Nairobi. Ya ƙunshi baje koli daga rusassun layukan dogo na Gabashin Afirka, an buɗe shi a cikin shekarar 1971 ta hanyar layin dogo na Gabashin Afirka da Harbors. Kenya Railways ne ke sarrafa shi. Gidan kayan gargajiya ya kiyaye haɗin layin dogo. Wannan yana ba da damar ingantaccen motsi na nunin kayan tarihi don kiyayewa da sanya abubuwa a cikin tarin.
Motocin tururi guda uku masu aiki ana adana su a ɓoye a cikin manyan ayyukan layin dogo. Dole ne masu ziyara su nemi alƙawari don duba su. Ba a yi amfani da su ba tsawon shekaru da yawa. An yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin locomotives na nuni, 301 (2301) a cikin fim ɗin 1985, Out of Africa.
Tarin gidan kayan gargajiya ya kuma haɗa da motocin dizal na farko da masu horar da fasinja. Abokan Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi na Gabashin Afirka (FORM Gabashin Afirka), damuwar da ke tattare da titin Railway da masu sha'awar Locomotive, sun taimaka wajen samowa da adana kayan tarihi na gidan kayan gargajiya.
A cikin watan Janairu 2011, an shigar da ƙaramin layin dogo mai aiki don haɓaka ayyuka a gidan kayan gargajiya. An yi amfani da wannan ƙaramin jirgin ƙasa a da don haɓaka layin dogo na Kenya (KR) akan nune-nune, kamar Nunin Nairobi. Ya ƙunshi motar motsa jiki mai injin mai, da kuma kociyoyin da aka yi da itace.
An baje kolin locomotives
Gidan kayan gargajiya yana baje kolin injuna da yawa, gami da: Injin WG Bagnall na gidan kayan gargajiya, Hugh F Marriott, an gina shi a Stafford, Ingila, a cikin shekarar 1951. Yana aiki azaman mai sauya sheka a Kamfanin Magadi Soda har zuwa 1970. A cikin shekarar 2020, an motsa shi zuwa wani nuni a wajen tashar jirgin ƙasa na Nairobi. An yi amfani da 301 a cikin fim ɗin 1985 Out of Africa.
Cantonments, Accra
Cantonments yanki ne mai wadata na garin Accra na Gana, a cikin gundumar La Dade Kotopon, gundumar a Yankin Greater Accra na Ghana.
Bayani
Koyaya, an inganta shi don zama tsarin zama na zamani da aka tsara. Galibin gidajen da ke yankin suna da dakuna uku zuwa hudu kuma galibi masu hannu da shuni ne, masu ilimi ko jami'an gwamnati ke zama.
Ofisoshin jakadanci da yawa a cikin ƙasar suna cikin Cantonments ciki har da Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka.
Kiwon lafiya
Asibitin Cantonments, Asibitin 'yan sanda da cibiyar kula da lafiya & Clinic of Contonments sune cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da ke Cantonments.
Agnes Oforiwa Tagoe-Quarcoopome
Agnes Oforiwa Tagoe-Quarcoopome (27 ga Mayu 1913-7 Yuli 1997), wanda aka fi sani da Auntie Oforiwa, tana ɗaya daga cikin matan da suka goyi bayan Dr Kwame Nkrumah a fafutukar neman 'yancin Ghana. Ita ma sarauniyar kasuwa ce.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Agnes a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1913 ga George Aryeequayefio Tagoe da Madam Okaikai Aryee. Sakamakon matsalolin kudi, ta kasa ci gaba da karatunta, duk da kasancewar ta dalibi mai hankali.
Aiki
Tsakanin 1921 zuwa 1929, ta shiga harkar siyayya da siyarwa kuma daga baya ta mallaki shaguna a Makola da Okaishie a Accra, cibiyar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci a Ghana. Zuwa 1940, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matan kasuwa na Ghana waɗanda kowa ya girmama su sosai. Ta yi aiki tukuru kuma ta zama mace ta Makola ta farko da ta buɗe asusu tare da Bankin Standard Africa na Yammacin Afirka (wanda yanzu ake kira Standard Chartered Bank), duk da cewa a wancan zamanin mata Makola masu kuɗi sun saba adana abin da suke samu a gida a cikin jakar kuɗi. Ta kokarin ta sauran matan kasuwa da marketan kasuwa sun sami amanar su kuma su adana abin da suka samu tare da banki da buɗe asusu a can.
Ban da yin kasuwanci, Agnes Kirista ce mai ibada kuma mai fafutuka. Ta kuma kasance mamba a jam'iyyar Convention People's Party (CPP) kuma ta goyi bayan Kwame Nkrumah ta hanyar shirya kungiyar Makola ta mata, ta samar da makudan kudade don yakin Nkrumah a yakin neman 'yancin kai. Ta zama abokai na kusa da Nkrumah lokacin da ya kasance tare da ita na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan isowarsa daga Burtaniya don shiga United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) a matsayin Babban Sakatare.
A cikin 1949 bayan da aka kafa CPP, Agnes da hannu ɗaya ta tattara tallafin mata na kasuwa ga Kwame Nkrumah yayin kamfen ɗin sa kuma ta sa su sami kuɗin ayyukan sa. Ta shirya tarurruka da yawa a wuraren kasuwa don Nkrumah don yin magana da matan kasuwar. Ta yi amfani da haɗin ta a cikin al'umma don taimakawa Kwame Nkrumah samun kuɗi. Kasancewarta 'yar kasuwa ta sanya ta shahara da tasiri. Ta zama muhimmiyar memba a cikin kungiyoyin kwadago kuma ita ce babban dalilin ci gaba da kasuwanci tsakanin Biritaniya da Ghana.
A cikin 1964, ta gina gida mai tsada sosai a Kokomlemle, an cika ta da na'urar sanyaya iska, sannan ta yi hayar ta ga Gwamnatin Nkrumah don amfani da ita a matsayin mazaunin jami'an Rasha har zuwa lokacin da aka hambarar da Nkrumah a juyin mulkin 1966. Bayan an hambarar da Nkrumah, an kama Agnes a tsare bisa umarnin Laftanar Arthur. Sojoji sama da 50 dauke da makamai ne suka tilasta ta a wajen gidanta da tsakar dare. Sai da aka kashe Laftanar Arthur a 1967, Laftanar Janar Joseph Arthur Ankrah ya saki Agnes sannan ta koma harkar ta.
Ya zuwa shekarun 1970, ta zama attajiri kuma ta sayi kadarori da yawa a London, wanda ta yi hayar.
Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 1958 kamfanin United Africa Company (UAC), wani kamfanin Birtaniya wanda ya fi kasuwanci a Yammacin Afirka, ya ba Agnes tallafin karatu. Ta zama ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Ghana na farko da ya ziyarci manyan ofisoshin UAC a Burtaniya, Netherlands, da Holland. Ta yi amfani da damar tafiye -tafiyen ta don siyowa da kawo wa Ghana kayayyaki iri -iri a adadi mai yawa, ban da babban kayan ta, wanda shine yadi. Ta ci gaba da ba da tallafi da tallafawa CPP da Kwame Nkrumah, tare da matan kasuwa.
Wajid Khan, Baron Khan of Burnley
Wajid Iltaf Khan, Baron Khan na Burnley (an haife shi 15 Oktoba 1979), ɗan siyasan Burtaniya ne ƙarƙashin jam'iyyarLabour Party wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) na Arewacin Yammacin Ingila daga 2017 zuwa 2019  kuma a matsayin Magajin Garin Burnley daga shekara ta 2020 zuwa 2021.
Ya rike matsayi a kwamitin harkokin waje da kwamitin kare hakkin bil adama, da kuma wakilan kasashen Larabawa da na kudancin Asiya. Babban manufofinsa sun haɗa da yancin ma'aikata, ƙarfafa matasa da 'yancin ɗan adam.
A watar Disamba 2020, an sanar cewa za a ba shi damar rayuwa bayan nadin da Shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour Keir Starmer ya gabatar.
Kuruciya
Mahaifin sa direban tasi kuma matar gida, Wajid an haife shi a Burnley, Lancashire, inda ya ci gaba da zama tare da matarsa da 'ya'yansa biyu. Wajid ya yi aiki a matsayin kansila na Labour kuma memba majalisar ministocin Burnley.
Kafin ya zama MEP, Wajid babban malami ne a Jami'ar Central Lancashire na tsawon shekaru 12, kuma jagorar kwas na fannin jagorancin al'umma na tsawon shekaru 11.
Kafin hakan, Wajid ya yi aikin sa kai tare da matasa masu laifi, da kuma koyar da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga matasa marasa galihu. Rikicin tseren Burnley a cikin 2001 ya zaburar da Wajid don haɓaka ayyuka da yawa na haɗin kan al'umma, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Sa-kai na Tallafin Al'umma (HEACF) don haɗin kai da zamantakewa a cikin 2004.
Ayyukan Wajid na ci gaban al'umma sun sa ya yi jawabi ga Civil G8 game da ilmin ilimi a Moscow, kuma ya shawarci ma'aikatar ilimi da kimiyya ta Rasha game da bunkasa dabarun matasa.
Sinadarin shara
Sinadarai sharar gida ce da ake yin ta daga sinadarai masu cutarwa (mafi yawa daga manyan masana'antu ne ke samarwa). Sharar sinadarai na iya lalata muhalli da haifar da matsalolin lafiya kuma hakan na iya faɗuwa ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi kamar COSHH a Burtaniya ko Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa da Dokar Kare Albarkatu da Farfaɗo a ƙasar Amurka. A cikin Amurka, Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA) da Hukumar Tsaro da Lafiya ta Ma'aikata (OSHA), da kuma ka'idojin jihohi da na gida kuma suna tsara amfani da sinadarai da zubar da su. Zubar da sharar rediyoaktif shine fifiko na musamman ga hukumomin gudanarwa saboda haɗarin muhalli da lafiya na radiation da ƙalubalen zubar da lafiya.
Wajid Khan, Baron Khan of Burnley
Kuruciya
Ya ba da gudummawa ga taron 'Volunteurope' da aka yi a Turai baki ɗaya a Jamus, Faransa, Poland, Bosnia da Italiya.
A birnin Burtaniya, Wajid ta haɓaka shirye-shiryen ilimi mai zurfi don haɓaka haɓaka ilimi tsakanin mata a yankin Kudancin Asiya. Wajid ya jagoranci taron jagoranci na kasa da kasa a Oman, Turkiyya, Pakistan da Amurka, kuma ya wakilci Jami'ar Lancashire ta Tsakiya a ayyukan haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Rasha.
Sheila García
Sheila García Gómez (an haife ta 15 Maris 1997) ƙwararriyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyar La Liga F Atlético Madrid da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Spain.
Wajid Khan, Baron Khan of Burnley
Kuruciya
Wajid tsohon dalibi ne na HRH Yarima Charles 'Shirin jagoranci: na Mosaic na Duniya da kuma Shirin Jagorancin Matasan Musulmi na Oxford.
Jami'ar Lagos
Jami'ar Legas, wacce aka fi sani da UNILAG, jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a da ke Legas, Najeriya kuma an kafa ta a shekarar 1962. UNILAG na daya daga cikin manyan jami'o'i na farko a Najeriya kuma suna cikin manyan jami'o'in duniya a manyan wallafe-wallafen ilimi. Jami'ar a halin yanzu tana da cibiyoyi uku a cikin babban yankin Legas. Ganin cewa biyu daga cikin cibiyoyin karatun suna a Yaba (babban harabar Akoka da kuma makarantar da aka kirkira kwanan nan a tsohuwar makarantar rediyo ), kwalejin likitanci tana Idi-Araba, Surulere. Babban harabar ta tana da kewaye da tafkin Legas kuma tana da kadada 802 na fili. Jami'ar Legas a halin yanzu tana karɓar ɗalibai sama da 9,000 waɗanda ke karatun digiri a kowace shekara kuma suna yin rajista sama da ɗalibai 57,000.
Wajid Khan, Baron Khan of Burnley
Kuruciya
Ya kuma yi aiki a kungiyar Labour Party National Policy Forum da kuma International Policy Commission, baya ga haka yayi aiki a hukumar shiyyar Arewa maso Yamma.
Sinadarin shara
Sharar sinadarai na iya ko a'a a sanya shi azaman sharar haɗari. Sharar sinadari mai haɗari wani abu ne mai ƙarfi, ruwa ko gas wanda ke nuna ko dai “Halayen Haɗari” ko kuma musamman “an jera” da suna a matsayin sharar haɗari. Akwai halaye guda huɗu da za a iya ɗaukar sharar sinadarai a matsayin masu haɗari. Waɗannan su ne ignitability, lalata, reactivity, sannan da kuma guba. Irin wannan sharar mai haɗari dole ne a rarraba ta dangane da ainihin sa, abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, da kuma haɗarinsa ta yadda za a iya sarrafa shi da sarrafa shi cikin aminci. OSharar sinadarai babban lokaci ne kuma ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan aiki da yawa. Tuntuɓi Takardun Bayanan Tsaro na Abu (MSDS), Takaddun Bayanan Samfur ko Lakabin don jerin abubuwan da aka zaɓa. Ya kamata waɗannan kafofin su bayyana ko wannan sharar sinadarai sharar gida ce da ke buƙatar zubarwa ta musamman.
Jami'ar Lagos
Wani kwamitin da ya ziyarci jami’ar, wanda aka kafa domin duba al’amuran jami’ar a tsakanin shekarar 2016 zuwa 2020, ya gano laifukan cin zarafi daga manyan jami’ai tare da umartar jami’ar da ta rufe asusun ajiyar bankunan kasuwanci.
Wajid Khan, Baron Khan of Burnley
MEP
Khan ya kasance cikin jerin 'Yan takara takwas na jam'iyyar Labour na zaɓen majalisar Turai na 2014. Ya karbi kujerar North West England a watan Yuli 2017, ya maye gurbin Afzal Khan wanda aka zaba a matsayin dan majalisa a babban zaben. Sai dai kuma ya sha kaye a zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2019.
Sinadarin shara
Jagora don zubar da sharar sinadarai na dakin gwaje-gwaje
A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, na sharar sinadarai galibi ana kebewa a kan wurin zuwa cikin motocin da suka dace, kuma ƙwararrun ɗan kwangila suna zubar da su don biyan aminci, lafiya, da buƙatun doka.
Za a iya zubar da sharar ruwa mara lahani (kamar maganin sodium chloride ) a cikin magudanar ruwa. Ana wanke wasu sinadarai da ruwa mai yawa. Wannan ya hada da mayar da hankali da kuma tsarma acid da alkalis, m inorganic salts (duk bushewa jamiái), alcohols dauke da salts, hypochlorite mafita, lafiya (tlc grade) silica da alumina. Ana tattara sharar ruwa mai ɗauke da sinadarai masu guba daban-daban
Jami'ar Lagos
Tarihi
Daga 2017 har zuwa yau, mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Farfesa Oluwatoyin Ogundipe. A cikin shekarar 2019, BBC ta ba da rahoton cewa "manyan malamai a cibiyoyin sun ci zarafin 'yan jarida mata ta hanyar lalata, ba da shawara da kuma matsa musu lamba - duk lokacin da suke sanye da kyamarori na sirri".
Sinadarin shara
Jagora don zubar da sharar sinadarai na dakin gwaje-gwaje
Za'a iya tattara ɓangarorin mercury na asali, acid da aka kashe da tushe daban don sake amfani da su.
Sharar da kaushi na halitta an raba su zuwa chlorinated da kuma wadanda ba chlorinated kaushi sharar. Sharar da sauran ƙarfi na Chlorinated yawanci ana ƙone su a babban zafin jiki don rage samuwar dioxins. Za a iya kona sharar da ba ta da chlorinated don dawo da kuzari.
Jami'ar Lagos
Tarihi
Jami'ar ta ilmantar da manyan tsofaffin ɗalibai, fitattun masana kimiyya, ƴan siyasa, lauyoyi, ƴan kasuwa, marubuta, masu nishaɗantarwa, sarakuna, ƙwararrun   ɗalibai. Tun daga watan Satumba na 2020, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel ɗaya da Pulitzer wanda ya samu lambar yabo yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Legas a matsayin ɗalibai, tsofaffin ɗalibai, malamai, ko ma'aikata.
Sinadarin shara
Jagora don zubar da sharar sinadarai na dakin gwaje-gwaje
Ya bambanta da wannan, kayan sinadarai akan "Red List" Kada a ruwa. Wannan jeri ya haɗa da: mahadi tare da ƙarfe na wucin gadi, biocides, cyanides, mai ma'adinai da hydrocarbons, mahadi na organosilicon guba, phosphides na ƙarfe, sinadarin phosphorus, da fluorides da nitrites.
Haka kuma, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta hana zubar da wasu kayan saukar da kowane magudanar ruwa. Ciki har da ruwa mai ƙonewa, ruwa mai iya haifar da lalacewa ga wuraren sharar gida (wannan za a iya ƙaddara ta pH ), akan kayan daɗaɗɗen kayan da za su iya haifar da toshewa a cikin tsarin ruwan sharar gida, kayan aikin rediyo, kayan da ke da ko haifar da wari mai ƙarfi, ruwan sharar gida mai iya mahimmanci yana haɓaka yawan zafin jiki na tsarin, da magunguna ko masu rushewar endocrine.
Ana tattara kayan gilashin da aka karye a cikin akwatunan kwali da aka lulluɓe don yin ƙasa. Saboda gurɓatawa, yawanci ba su dace da sake amfani da su ba. Hakazalika, ana tattara allurar hypodermic da aka yi amfani da su azaman masu kaifi kuma ana ƙone su azaman sharar magani.
Jagorar dacewa da sinadarai
Yawancin sinadarai na iya yin mummuna idan aka haɗa su. Ana ba da shawarar cewa a adana sinadarai marasa jituwa a wurare daban-daban na dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Acids ya kamata a rabu da alkalis, karafa, cyanides, sulfides, azides, phosphides, da oxidizers. Dalili kuwa shi ne, lokacin da acid ya haɗu tare da waɗannan nau'ikan mahadi, tashin hankali na exothermic na iya faruwa wanda zai iya haifar da iskar gas mai ƙonewa, kuma a wasu lokuta fashewa.
Oxidizers ya kamata a ware daga acid, Organic kayan, karafa, rage jamiái, da ammonia. Wannan shi ne saboda lokacin da oxidizers suka haɗu tare da waɗannan nau'in mahadi, masu ƙonewa, da kuma wasu lokuta masu guba zasu iya faruwa.
Daidaituwar kwantena
Lokacin zubar da sharar sinadarai masu haɗari, dole ne a yi la'akari da dacewa da sinadarai. Don amintaccen zubarwa, akwati dole ne ya dace da sinadarai tare da kayan da zai riƙe. Dole ne sinadarai ba su amsa da, raunana, ko narkar da akwati ko murfi ba. Kada a adana acid ko tushe a cikin ƙarfe. Kada a adana hydrofluoric acid a cikin gilashin. Kada a adana man fetur ( kaushi ) ko jigilar shi a cikin kwantena polyethylene mara nauyi kamar tulun madara. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a yi la'akari da Jagororin Daidaituwar Sinadarin don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai DA Ake so.
Kwantena sharar dakin gwaje-gwaje
Marufi, lakabi, da ajiya sune buƙatu uku don zubar da sharar sinadarai.
Marufi
Don marufi, kwantena sharar ruwa na sinadarai yakamata a cika har zuwa kusan kashi 75% kawai don ba da damar fadada tururi da rage yuwuwar zubewar da ka iya faruwa daga motsin kwantena masu cika. Dole ne kayan kwantena su dace da sharar da aka adana mai haɗari. A ƙarshe, ba dole ba ne a tattara sharar gida a cikin kwantena waɗanda ba su dace da gano wasu hadurran da ba su da kyau.
Baya ga buƙatun marufi na gabaɗaya da aka ambata a sama, kayan da ba su dace ba bai kamata a haɗa su cikin akwati ɗaya ba. Dole ne a adana sharar gida a cikin kwantena masu dacewa da sinadarai da aka adana kamar yadda aka ambata a sashin dacewa da kwantena. Ya kamata a yi amfani da gwangwani na aminci don tattarawa da adana manyan kundila na ɗan lokaci (lita 10-20) na ƙauyen sharar kwayoyin flammable, hazo, daskararru ko sauran sharar da ba ruwa ba bai kamata a haɗa su cikin gwangwani aminci ba.
Lakabi
Lakabi duk kwantena tare da sunan rukuni daga rukunin sharar sinadarai da ƙayyadaddun jerin abubuwan da ke ciki. Duk wasu sinadarai ko wani abu da aka gurbata da sinadarai masu haifar da haɗari mai mahimmanci. Dole ne a shirya duk sharar gida yadda ya kamata.
Adanawa
Lokacin adana sharar sinadarai, kwantena dole ne su kasance cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma su kasance a rufe sai dai idan an ƙara sharar. Dole ne a adana datti mai haɗari kafin a cire shi daga dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma kada a bar shi ya taru. Akwatin ya zama mai ƙarfi kuma mai yoyo, kuma dole ne a yi masa lakabi. Duk sharar ruwa dole ne a adana su a cikin kwantena mai hana ruwa tare da dunƙule-saman ko wani amintaccen murfi. Ba a yarda da iyakoki na snap, matsakaicin iyalai, parafilm da sauran saƙon murfi masu dacewa. Idan ya cancanta, canja wurin kayan sharar gida zuwa akwati wanda za'a iya rufe shi a cikin aminci. Rufe kwantenan sharar sai dai lokacin ƙara sharar gida. Ya kamata a kasance cikin wuri na biyu don ɗaukar zubewa da zubewa daga babban akwati, ware sharar da ba su dace ba, kamar acid da tushe.
Sharar sinadarai a cikin dabbobin kiwo na Kanada
Sharar sinadarai a cikin teku na zama babban batu ga rayuwar ruwa. An gudanar da bincike da dama don gwadawa da tabbatar da illar sinadarai a cikin tekunan mu. A Kanada, yawancin karatun sun mayar da hankali kan lardunan Atlantic, inda kamun kifi da kiwo ke zama muhimmin sashi na tattalin arziki. A birnin New Brunswick, an gudanar da wani bincike a kan magudanar ruwa a wani yunƙuri na gano illolin guba da sinadarai a rayuwar da ke ƙarƙashin teku, musamman sharar da ake samu daga gonakin salmon. An yi amfani da urchins na teku don duba matakan karafa a cikin muhalli. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da koren urchin teku ( Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis ), saboda an rarraba su sosai, suna da yawa a wurare da yawa, kuma ana iya samun su cikin sauƙi. Ta hanyar binciken yawan karafa a cikin koren urchin teku, za a iya tantance da kuma gano tasirin sinadarai daga ayyukan kiwo na kifi. An dauki samfurori a tsaka-tsakin mita 25 tare da hanyar wucewa ta hanyar babban magudanar ruwa. Binciken ya gano cewa akwai tasiri zuwa aƙalla mita 75 dangane da adadin ƙarfe na hanji. Don haka, bisa ga wannan binciken, a fili yake cewa karafan suna gurɓata teku tare da yin illa ga rayuwar ruwa, da halittu.
Jami'ar Lagos
Ilimi da bincike
Jami'ar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman gasar a cikin kasar ta fuskar shiga. Tare da kusan ɗalibai 57,000 kamar na 2013, Jami'ar Legas tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗaliban kowace jami'a a ƙasar. Jami’ar Legas na daya daga cikin jami’o’in gwamnatin tarayya ashirin da biyar da Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta kasa (NUC) ke kula da su kuma ta ba su izini.
Wani bugu na kwanan nan na mujallar Forbes ya sanya makarantar a matsayin jami'a ta uku mafi kyawun jami'a a Afirka don kasuwanci bayan Jami'ar Cape Town da Jami'ar Makerere, inda ta yiwa Jami'ar Legas lakabin kwalejin "startup powerhouse" ga daliban Najeriya.
Ana kiran jami'ar "jami'ar farko da kuma abin alfaharin al'umma." Aikin binciken jami’ar na ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan sharuddan da Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta kasa (NUC) ta yi amfani da su wajen tantance jami’ar a matsayin jami’a mafi kyau a Najeriya a lambar yabo ta Jami’ar Nijeriya na shekara-shekara (NUSAMA) a shekarar 2008.
Jami'ar Legas, Kwalejin Magunguna tana da alaƙa da Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas (LUTH). A ranar 29 ga watan Yuni 2020, jami'ar ta karɓi mutummutumi, CRZR, daga babban dandamali a matsayin gudummawa don yaƙar yaduwar COVID-19.
Cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da kwalejoji
Cibiyar Kiyaye Diversity da Gudanar da Tsarin Halitta (CEBCEM)
Cibiyar, wacce aka kafa a watan Afrilun 2018, tana mai da hankali kan sarrafa nau'ikan halittu, kiyayewa da kuma lura da yanayin halittu masu ɗorewa ta hanyar bincike na haɗin gwiwa. CEBCEM Tana ba da dandamali don bincike da ilimi ga ɗaliban manyan makarantu da kuma bayar da shawarwari don wayar da kan muhalli. Cibiyar kiyaye halittu da yanayin halittu.
Cibiyar Kiyaye Diversity da Gudanar da Tsarin Halitta (CEBCEM)
Cibiyar, wacce aka kafa a watan Afrilun 2018, tana mai da hankali kan kula da rayayyun halittu, kiyayewa da kuma lura da yanayin muhalli mai dorewa ta hanyar bincike na hadin gwiwa. CEBCEM tana ba da dandamali don bincike da ilimi ga ɗaliban manyan makarantu da kuma bayar da shawarwari don wayar da kan muhalli. Cibiyar kiyaye halittun halittu da sarrafa halittu ita ce martanin da Jami'ar Legas ta bayar game da barazanar nau'in halittu a Najeriya. Wannan martani ya haɗa da ba da shawarwari na gida don ƙalubalen kiyaye halittu wanda aka sauƙaƙe ta hanyar tallafin bincike na cibiyoyi kamar ￼￼TETfund.￼￼
Sanannun tsofaffin ɗalibai
Daga cikin tsofaffin daliban Jami’ar Legas da Akoka da sauran cibiyoyi da ke karkashin wannan tutar akwai;
Shawarar sake suna
A ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2012 ne shugaban Najeriya na lokacin Goodluck Jonathan ya gabatar da shawarar sauya sunan jami'ar Legas zuwa jami'ar Moshood Abiola don girmama Moshood Abiola wanda ya rasu a gidan yari a matsayin fursunan siyasa a shekarar 1998. Shirin canza sunan ya zama batun zanga-zangar ɗalibai da tsofaffin ɗaliban. A saboda haka an yi watsi da shawarar yayin da gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta ba da goyon baya ga zanga-zangar da yunkurin sauya suna.
Zarge-zargen lalata
An samu rahotannin lalata da wasu malaman jami'ar da jami'ar ta musanta. Tsoffin wadanda aka yi wa fyaden ne suka samar da wani shirin bincike wanda aka sanya YouTube.
Bikin Fordjour
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don nuna alamar wani abin da ya faru a baya.
Judith Bunting
Judith Ann Bunting (an haife ta 27 ga watan Nuwamba 1960) furodusa ce ta talabijin kuma ƴar siyasa ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Memba na Democrat na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) daga Yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Ingila daga shekara ta dubu biyu da shatara (2019)har izuwa ta dubu biyu da ashirin (2020). A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha huɗu (2014), Royal Society of Chemistry tayi zaɓe ta don zama ɗaya daga cikin Fuskoki 175 na Chemistry.
Ilimi
Bunting ta halarci Makarantar Grammar na Peterborough County don 'Yan mata, sannan Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, Sannan kuma ta sami Digiri na biyu a bangaren Kimiyya (Chemistry) a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da tara(1979). Mahaifinta ya koyar a bangaren Injiniya dake kwalejin Yanki na Peterborough.
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Ciwon daji yana faruwa ne ta hanyar canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta wanda ke haifar da hadakar kwayoyin cuta marasa tsari da samuwar kari. Babban dalilin ciwon daji (wanda ba na iyali ba) shine lalacewar DNA da rashin zaman lafiya. Kadan daga cikin cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda maye gurbi na gado. Yawancin cututtukan daji suna da alaƙa da muhalli, salon rayuwa, ko fallasa ɗabi'a. Ciwon daji gabaɗaya baya yaɗuwa a cikin ɗan adam, kodayake ana iya haifar dashi ta hanyar oncoviruses da kwayoyin cutar kansa. Kalmar " muhalli ", kamar yadda masu binciken ciwon daji ke amfani da ita, tana nufin duk wani abu da ke waje da jiki wanda ke hulda da mutane. Yanayin bai iyakance ga yanayin yanayin halitta ba (misali fallasa abubuwa kamar gurɓatacciyar iska ko hasken rana), amma kuma ya haɗa da yanayin rayuwa da halayen dabi'a.
Judith Bunting
Talabijin
Ta samar da jerin jerin jerin jerin Jiki Hits da RTS Award-Lashe Award Cancer Breast - Operation for BBC3.
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Fiye da kashi daya bisa uku na mutuwar ciwon daji a duk duniya (kuma kusan kashi 75-80 a cikin Amurka) ana iya kaucewa ta hanyar rage fallasa ga abubuwan da aka sani. Abubuwan muhalli na yau da kullun wadanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mutuwar kansa sun hada da fallasa ga sinadarai daban-daban da wakilai na jiki (amfani da taba yana da lissafin 25-30% na mutuwar cutar kansa), gurbataccen muhalli, abinci da kiba (30-35%), cututtuka (15-20%), da kuma radiation (duka ionizing da rashin ionizing, har zuwa 10%). Wadannan abubuwan suna aiki, aqalla wani bangare, ta hanyar canza aikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin sel. Yawanci yawancin irin waɗannan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta ana buƙatar kafin ciwon daji ya taso. An yi ta maimaita tsufa kuma akai-akai a matsayin muhimmin al'amari da za a yi la'akari da shi lokacin da ake kimanta abubuwan hadari don ci gaban ciwon daji na musamman. Yawancin canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta da na salula wadanda ke da hannu wajen hadaka ciwon daji suna taruwa yayin tsarin tsufa kuma a karshe suna bayyana kamar ciwon daji.
Judith Bunting
Talabijin
A cikin 2007, ta kasance mai gabatar da shirye-shirye a jerin shirye-shiryen BBC Wales, The Museum. Ta bi wannan ta hanyar zartarwa da ke samar da Kimiyyar Rocket don BBC2 da Headshrinkers na Amazon don National Geographic Channel. Takardun shirinta na 2009 don National Geographic Channel, An zaɓi Lambar Neanderthal don Kyautar Grierson don Mafi kyawun Takardun Kimiyya.
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Genetics
Ko da yake akwai fiye da 50 nau'in ciwon daji da za a iya gane su, kasa da 0.3% na yawan jama'a sune masu dauke da maye gurbi mai alaka da cutar kansa kuma wadannan ba su wuce 3-10% na duk cututtukan daji ba. Mafi yawan ciwon daji ba na gado bane ("ciwon daji na lokaci-lokaci"). Ciwon daji na gado yana haifar da asali ne ta hanyar lahani na gado. Ciwon daji ko ciwon daji na iyali cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta wanda gadadden maye gurbi a cikin daya ko fiye da kwayoyin halitta ke sa wadanda abin ya shafa su kamu da cutar kansa kuma yana iya haifar da farkon farkon wadannan cututtukan. Ko da yake ciwon daji yana nuna hasarin ciwon daji, hadarin ya bambanta. Ga wasu daga cikin wadannan cututtuka, ciwon daji ba shine farkon sifa ba kuma ba kasafai ake samun sakamako ba.
Judith Bunting
Talabijin
Tun daga 2013, Bunting ta kasance mai samar da jerin shirye-shirye don kamfanin samarwa Remark! a kan sassan 30 na Magic Hands, wani shiri na CBeebies wanda ke nuna shayari da Shakespeare ga yara da aka fassara gaba ɗaya zuwa Harshen Alamar Biritaniya, wanda masu gabatarwa duk sun kasance kurma.
Siyasa
Tun 2012, Bunting ta ƙara mayar da hankali kan siyasa. A cikin babban zaɓe na 2015 da 2017 na Burtaniya, ta tsaya a matsayin ɗan takarar Liberal Democrat na Newbury kuma lokutan biyu sun zo na biyu mai nisa a bayan Richard Benyon. Ta ci gaba da ci gaba da yin aiki mai zurfi tare da kimiyya a cikin siyasa da ilimi. A watan Satumba na 2017, Bunting ta yanke hukuncin zama na uku a matsayin 'yar takarar majalisar dokoki ta Liberal Democrat don Newbury don "mai da hankali kan aikinta a matsayin mai shirya talabijin".
Rayuwa ta sirri
Tana zaune a Newbury, Berkshire.
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Genetics
Yawancin cututtukan ciwon daji suna haifar da maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin cuta masu hana dari wadanda ke daidaita hadakar kwayoyin cuta. Sauran maye gurbi na yau da kullun suna canza aikin kwayoyin halittar DNA, oncogenes da kwayoyin halittar da ke da hannu wajen samar da hanyoyin jini. Wasu maye gurbi da aka gada a cikin kwayoyin halittar BRCA1 da BRCA2 tare da fiye da kashi 75 cikin dari na hadarin kansar nono da kansar kwai. Wasu daga cikin cututtukan da aka gada wadanda ke haifar da ciwon daji na launin fata sun hada da familial adenomatous polyposis da na gado maras polyposis colon cancer ; duk da haka, wadannan suna wakiltar kasa da kashi 5% na cututtukan daji na hanji. A lokuta da yawa, ana iya amfani da gwajin kwayoyin halitta don gano maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta ko chromosomes da ke wucewa ta cikin tsararraki.
Halin maye gurbi ana rarraba su azaman germline ko somatic dangane da nau'in tantanin halitta inda suke bayyana ( kwayoyin kwayoyin cuta sun hada da kwai da maniyyi da kwayoyin somatic su ne wadanda ke samar da jiki). Ana aiwatar da maye gurbin kwayoyin cuta ta cikin tsararraki kuma suna kara hadarin cutar kansa.
Ma'aikatan jiki da sunadarai
Musamman abubuwa, da aka sani da carcinogens, an danganta su da takamaiman nau'in ciwon daji. Misalai na yau da kullun na carcinogens marasa radiyo ana shakar asbestos, wasu dioxins, da hayakin taba. Ko da yake jama'a gabadaya suna danganta cutar sankarau da sinadarai na roba, yana iya yiwuwa ya taso a cikin abubuwan halitta da na roba. An kiyasta cewa kusan mutuwar cutar kansa 20,000 da sabbin cututtukan daji 40,000 kowace shekara a Amurka suna da alaqa da zama. A kowace shekara, aƙalla mutane 200,000 ne ke mutuwa a duniya sakamakon cutar kansa da ke da alaqa da wuraren aikinsu. Miliyoyin ma'aikata suna fuskantar barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansa kamar su kansar huhu da mesothelioma daga shakar asbestos fibers da hayakin taba, ko cutar sankarar bargo daga kamuwa da benzene a wuraren aikinsu. An yi imanin ciwon daji da ke da alaƙa da sana'ar mutum yana wakiltar tsakanin 2-20% na duk lokuta. Yawancin mutuwar kansar da ke haifar da hadarin sana'a na faruwa a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Damuwar aiki baya zama wani abu mai mahimmanci akalla a cikin huhu, launin fata, nono da kuma prostate cancer. Shiga Operation Ranchhand a Vietnam a lokacin yakin Vietnam, ko zama kusa da filin wasan golf, ko zama a gona zai kara haɗarin ƙwayoyin lymphoma wadanda ba Hodgkins ba saboda fallasa ga sinadaran 2,4-D. Lokacin da aka haxa 2,4-D tare da wani magungunan kashe qwari ko herbicide, 2,4-T, a wani rabo na 50:50, an san su tare da Agent Orange.
Shan taba
Shan taba yana da alaqa da nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa, kuma yana haifar da 80% na kansar huhu. Shekaru da yawa na bincike ya nuna alakar da ke tsakanin shan taba da ciwon daji a cikin huhu, makogwaro, kai, wuya, ciki, mafitsara, koda, esophagus da pancreas. Akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna ƙaramar hadarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar jini ta myeloid, squamous cell sinonasal cancer, ciwon hanta, ciwon daji, ciwon daji na gallbladder, glandar adrenal, kananan hanji, da cututtuka na yara daban-daban. Hayakin taba ya kunshi fiye da hamsin sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da nitrosamines da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Taba yana da alhakin kusan daya cikin uku na duk mutuwar ciwon daji a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba, kuma kusan ɗaya cikin biyar a duniya. Yawan mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a Amurka ya yi kama da tsarin shan taba, tare da karuwar shan taba tare da karuwa mai ban mamaki a cikin adadin mutuwar cutar kansar huhu kuma, kwanan nan, raguwar yawan shan taba tun shekarun 1950 ya biyo bayan raguwar mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a cikin maza tun 1990. Duk da haka, adadin masu shan taba a duniya yana karuwa, wanda ya haifar da abin da wasu kungiyoyi suka bayyana a matsayin cutar ta taba.
Sigari na lantarki ko e-cigare na'urorin lantarki ne na hannu wadanda ke kwaikwayi jin shan taba. Yin amfani da dogon lokaci na yau da kullun na babban karfin lantarki (5.0V) sigari na lantarki na iya haifar da sinadarai masu kirkirar formaldehyde a mafi girman matakin fiye da shan taba, wanda aka kaddara zai zama haɗarin kansa na rayuwa na kusan sau 5 zuwa 15 fiye da shan taba. Koyaya, gabaɗayan aminci da tasirin lafiyar sigari na dogon lokaci har yanzu ba a tabbata ba.
Kayayyaki
Wasu abubuwa suna haifar da ciwon daji da farko ta hanyar jiki, maimakon sinadarai, illa ga sel. Babban misali na wannan shine tsawaita bayyanar da asbestos, filayen ma'adinai da ke faruwa a zahiri wadanda sune babban dalilin mesothelioma, wanda shine ciwon daji na membrane serous, yawanci serous membrane kewaye da huhu. Sauran abubuwa a cikin wannan nau'in, ciki har da abubuwan da ke faruwa na halitta da kuma kayan aikin asbestos na roba kamar su wollastonite, attapulgite, gilashin ulu, da ulun dutse, an yi imanin suna da irin wannan tasiri. Abubuwan da ba su da fibrous wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji sun haɗa da cobalt na karfe da nickel, da silica crystalline ( quartz, cristobalite, da tridymite ). Yawancin lokaci, carcinogens na jiki dole ne su shiga cikin jiki (kamar ta hanyar shakar kananan guntu) kuma suna bukatar tsawon shekaru don hadaka ciwon daji. Kwayoyin cutar sankara na sana'a sun haɗa da:
salon rayuwa
Yawancin abubuwan rayuwa daban-daban suna ba da gudummawa ga hadaka hadarin kansa. Tare, abinci da kiba suna da alaqa da kusan 30-35% na mutuwar ciwon daji. Shawarwari na abinci don rigakafin ciwon daji yawanci sun hada da girmamawa ga kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace, hatsi gabadaya, da kifi, da kuma nisantar nama da aka sarrafa, jan nama, kitsen dabba, da ingantaccen carbohydrates. Shaidar don tallafawa wadannan canje-canjen abinci ba tabbatacce ba ne.
Barasa
Barasa misali ne na sinadari na carcinogen. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ware barasa a matsayin rukuni na 1 carcinogen. A Yammacin Turai kashi 10% na ciwon daji na maza da kashi 3% na ciwon daji na mata ana danganta su da barasa. A duk duniya, kashi 3.6% na duk cututtukan daji da kashi 3.5% na mutuwar ciwon daji ana danganta su da barasa. Musamman, an nuna amfani da barasa yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji na baki, esophagus, pharynx, larynx, ciki, hanta, ovaries, da hanji. Babban tsarin ci gaban ciwon daji ya hada da kara yawan bayyanar da acetaldehyde, carcinogen da rushewar samfurin ethanol. An ba da shawarar wasu hanyoyin, ciki har da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki da ke da alaƙa da barasa, canje-canje a cikin DNA methylation, da shigar da damuwa na oxidative a cikin kyallen takarda.
Abinci
An danganta wasu takamaiman abinci da takamaiman cututtukan daji. Bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke cin ja ko naman da aka sarrafa suna da hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar nono, ciwon prostate, da kansar pancreatic. Ana iya bayyana wannan a wani bangare ta kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta na carcinogen a cikin abincin da aka dafa a yanayin zafi. Abubuwan haɗari da yawa don haɓakar ciwon daji na launi sun haɗa da yawan cin mai, barasa, ja da naman da aka sarrafa, kiba, da rashin motsa jiki. Abincin gishiri mai yawa yana da alaqa da ciwon daji na ciki. Aflatoxin B1, gurɓataccen abinci akai-akai, yana da alaƙa da ciwon hanta. An nuna taunan goro na haifar da ciwon daji na baki.
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin abinci da ci gaban wasu cututtukan daji na iya yin bayanin bambance-bambance a cikin kamuwa da cutar kansa a kasashe daban-daban. Misali, ciwon daji na ciki ya fi zama ruwan dare a Japan saboda yawan cin abinci mai yawan gishiri da kuma ciwon daji na hanji ya zama ruwan dare a Amurka saboda yawan cin naman da aka sarrafa da kuma jan nama. Al'ummomin bakin haure sun kasance suna hadaka yanayin haɗarin cutar kansa na sabuwar kasarsu, galibi a cikin tsararraki ɗaya zuwa biyu, suna ba da shawarar alaƙa mai mahimmanci tsakanin abinci da kansa.
Bikin Alluolue
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don nuna alamar wani abin da ya faru a baya. Ana iƙirarin bikin yana tattaro mutane don shirin ci gaba da dinka haɗin kai da abokantaka.
Bikin Sungweh
Bikin Sungweh (Songwee) biki ne na shekara-shekara wanda sarakuna da mutanen Sampa-Jaman ke yi a yankin Bono, a hukumance Yankin Brong Ahafo na Ghana. Yawancin lokaci ana yin bikin ne a cikin watan Yuli.
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don nuna alamar wani abin da ya faru a baya.
Dalilan Ciwon Daji
Kiba
Akwai dangantaka tsakanin kiba da ciwon hanji, ciwon nono bayan al'ada, ciwon daji na endometrial, ciwon koda, da ciwon daji na esophageal. An kuma danganta kiba da kamuwa da cutar sankarar hanta. Fahimtar yanzu game da tsarin ci gaban ciwon daji a cikin kiba yana da alaƙa da karancin matakan furotin na rayuwa (ciki har da abubuwan hadakar insulin-kamar abubuwan habakawa) da hormones na jima'i ( estrogens, androgens da progestogens ). Nama na adipose kuma yana haifar da yanayi mai kumburi wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen bunkasa ciwon daji.
An yi imanin rashin aiki na jiki yana ba da gudummawa ga hadarin ciwon daji ba kawai ta hanyar tasirinsa akan nauyin jiki ba har ma ta hanyar mummunan tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi da tsarin endocrine. Fiye da rabin sakamako daga abinci shine saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki maimakon cin abinci mai kyau.
Hormones
Hormones sune mahimman abubuwa a cikin cututtukan daji masu alaƙa da jima'i kamar kansar nono, endometrium, prostate, ovary, da testis, da kuma ciwon daji na thyroid da kansar kashi. Misali, 'ya'yan mata masu fama da ciwon nono suna da adadin isrogen da progesterone da yawa fiye da 'yan matan mata masu ciwon nono. Wadannan matakan hormone masu girma na iya yin bayanin dalilin da yasa wadannan mata ke da hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar nono, ko da idan babu kwayar cutar kansar nono. Hakazalika, mazan zuriyar Afirka suna da matakan testosterone mafi girma fiye da mazan zuriyar Turai, kuma suna da daidai da matakin cutar kansar prostate. Maza na asalin Asiya, tare da kananan matakan testosterone-activating androstanediol glucuronide, suna da kananan matakan ciwon daji na prostate.
Sauran abubuwan kuma sun dace: mutane masu kiba suna da matakan girma na wasu hormones masu alaqa da ciwon daji da kuma mafi girman adadin wadannan cututtukan. Matan da suke shan maganin maye gurbin hormone suna da hadari mafi girma na tasowa ciwon daji da ke hade da waɗannan hormones. A gefe guda kuma, mutanen da ke motsa jiki fiye da matsakaici suna da ƙananan matakan wadannan hormones, kuma ƙananan haɗarin ciwon daji. Osteosarcoma na iya haɓaka ta hanyar hormones girma.
Wasu jiyya da hanyoyin rigakafin suna yin amfani da wannan dalili ta hanyar rage matakan hormone ta hanyar wucin gadi, kuma don haka yana hana cututtukan daji masu saurin kamuwa da hormone. Saboda hormones na steroids suna da karfi masu haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin wasu kwayoyin cutar kansa, canza matakan ko aiki na wasu kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da wasu ciwon daji su daina girma ko kuma su fuskanci mutuwar kwayar halitta. Watakila mafi yawan sanannun misali na maganin hormonal a cikin ilimin oncology shine amfani da zabi na estrogen-receptor modulator tamoxifen don maganin ciwon nono. Wani nau'i na ma'aikatan hormonal, masu hana aromatase, yanzu suna da rawar fadadawa a cikin maganin ciwon nono.
Kamuwa da kumburi
A duk duniya, kusan kashi 18% na cututtukan daji suna da alaƙa da cututtuka masu yaduwa. Wannan rabo ya bambanta a yankuna daban-daban na duniya daga babban kashi 25% a Afirka zuwa kasa da 10% a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba. Kwayoyin cuta sune cututtuka na yau da kullun waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon daji amma kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta suma suna taimakawa. Kwayoyin cututtuka waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji akai-akai sune tushen lalacewar DNA ko rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halitta. Kamuwa da cuta shine babban haɗari ga cutar sankarar mahaifa da hanta. Kwayar cutar da ke haifar da ciwon daji ana kiranta oncovirus. Wadannan sun hada da papillomavirus ɗan adam ( ciwon mahaifa ), cutar Epstein-Barr ( cututtukan lymphoproliferative B-cell da nasopharyngeal carcinoma ), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus ( Kaposi's sarcoma da primary effusion lymphomas ), hepatitis B da hepatitis C ƙwayoyin cuta ( hepatocellular carcinoma ), da Human T. Kwayar cutar sankarar bargo-1 (T-cell leukemias).