cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Adetoye Oyetola Sode
karatu da Aiki
Sode yayi karatun Digiri a fannin Injiniya a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya. Ya kuma zama memba a kungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya, kuma ya yi aiki a ma'aikatar ma'adinai da wutar lantarki ta tarayya kafin ya shiga aikin sojan ruwan Najeriya. Ya halarci Kwalejin Injiniyan Ruwa ta Royal Naval, Manadon, Plymouth, Ingila domin kwas a ɓangare Injiniyan Ruwa, sannan ya zama Jami'in Injiniya a cikin jiragen ruwa daban-daban sannan kuma ya jagoranci tashar jiragen ruwa ta Naval a Fatakwal.
Gwamna
An tura Captain Adetoye Sode zuwa jihar Oyo a matsayin Gwamnan mulkin soja a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1993. An soki lamirin sa na rashin shigar da isassun musulmi a majalisar ministocinsa da kuma yadda ya kyale ayyukan addinin Kirista a makarantu. Sode ya mayar da martani ta hanyar sanya dokar hana ayyukan addini a duk fadin jihar, lamarin da ya haifar da karamin rikici.
Lambar yabo
Sode ya samu lambar yabo ta Kwamandan Hukumar Neja (CON) a shekarar 1998. Ya zama Kwamandan Rundunar Maintenance na Fleet kafin ya yi ritaya a watan Yuni 1999. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aiki Sode ya kafa kamfanin ba da shawara na injiniyan ruwa, (Sabita Nigeria). An nada shi a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na wasu kamfanoni da suka hada da Intercontinental Engineering & Homes Development (ginin gine-gine da ci gaban gidaje), ScanHomes Nigeria (ginin gine-gine), Lottoj Oil and Gas (kayan aikin man fetur da man fetur) da Eterna Plc (manyan albarkatun man fetur). da rarrabawa).
Yaw Afful
Yaw Maama Afful (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1959) ɗan siyasan ƙasar Ghana ne kuma memba a majalisar dokoki ta biyar da ta bakwai na Jamhuriyyar Ghana ta huɗu mai wakiltar mazabar Jaman ta Kudu a yankin Brong-Ahafo akan tikitin New Patriotic Party.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Afful a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1959. Ya fito daga Mpuasu, wani gari a yankin Brong Ahafo na Ghana. Ya shiga Jami'ar Jihar Kennesaw, Atlanta, Amurka kuma ya sami digiri na farko na Arts a Harkokin Kasa da Kasa da Kimiyyar Siyasa a 1997.
Aiki
Afful shine Shugaba na EO, Kids Heaven Learning Center a Aworth, Atlanta a Amurka. Dan kasuwa ne.
Siyasa
Afful dan jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party (NPP) ne. A shekarar 2008, an zabe shi a tikitin New Patriotic Party a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Jaman ta Kudu. Don haka ya wakilci mazabar a majalisa ta 5 a jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana. An zabe shi ne da kuri'u 16,878 daga cikin sahihin kuri'u 30,266 da aka jefa kwatankwacin kashi 55.77% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada. Ya yi nasara a kan Ofori Aikins na People's National Convention, Peter Kwabena Ankomah na National Democratic Congress, Jacob Oteng-Ahyemang na Convention People's Party da Kwadwo Boakye Djan dan takara mai zaman kansa. Wadannan sun samu kashi 0.75%, 34.27%, 0.44% da 8.77% bi da bi na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada. Ya sake tsayawa takarar kujerar Jaman Kudu ta Arewa a kan tikitin jam’iyyar NPP na dan majalisar wakilai ta shida a jamhuriya ta hudu kuma ya yi nasara.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Afful Kirista ne (Presbyterian). Yana da aure (mai 'ya'ya uku).
Kwayoyin Ciwon Daji
Kwayoyin ciwon daji ( CSCs ), ya kasan ce kuma sune kwayoyin ciwon daji (wanda aka samo a cikin ciwace-ciwacen daji ko ciwon daji ) waɗanda ke da halaye masu alaƙa da kwayoyin halitta na al'ada, musamman ikon haifar da kuma duk nau'in tantanin halitta da kuma aka samu a cikin wani samfurin ciwon daji. Saboda haka CSCs suna da ƙari (tumor-forming), watakila ya bambanta da sauran kwayoyin cutar kansa marasa tumorigenic. CSCs na iya haifar da ciwace-ciwace ta hanyar tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta na sabuntawar kai da bambancewa cikin nau'ikan tantanin halitta da yawa. Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin ana tsammanin zasu ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta a matsayin jama'a daban-daban kuma suna haifar da koma baya da metastasis ta hanyar haifar da sabbin ciwace-ciwace. Sabili da haka, haɓaka takamaiman hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da aka yi niyya a CSCs yana riƙe da bege don inganta rayuwa da ingancin rayuwar marasa lafiyar cutar kansa, musamman ga marasa lafiya da cututtukan metastatic.
Maganin ciwon daji da ake da su galibi an haɓaka su ne bisa nau'ikan dabbobi, inda aka yi la'akarin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayar cuta. Duk da haka, dabbobi ba su samar da cikakken samfurin cutar ɗan adam ba. Musamman, a cikin berayen, waɗanda tsawon rayuwarsu ba su wuce shekaru biyu ba, sake dawowar ƙari yana da wuyar yin karatu.
John Dick ne ya fara gano ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin m myeloid leukemia a ƙarshen 1990s. Tun daga farkon 2000s sun kasance babban binciken bincike kan kansa. An tsara kalmar da kanta a cikin takarda da aka ambata sosai a cikin 2001 ta masana ilimin halitta Tannishtha Reya, Sean J. Morrison, Michael F. Clarke da Irving Weissman.
Samfurin yaɗuwar ƙwayar cuta
A cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙari daban-daban, sel a cikin yawan ƙwayar ƙari suna nuna nau'ikan aiki iri -iri kuma ana samun ciwace-ciwace daga sel masu iya yaduwa iri-iri da bambanta. Wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in ciwon daji ya haifar da ƙirƙirar nau'o'in yaduwa da yawa don yin lissafin nau'i-nau'i da bambance-bambance a cikin iyawar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: ƙwayar ciwon daji (CSC) da samfurin stochastic. Duk da haka, wasu ra'ayoyi sun tabbatar da cewa wannan ƙira ta wucin gadi ce, tun da dukkanin hanyoyin biyu suna aiki ne bisa ga madaidaicin halaye dangane da ainihin yawan ƙwayar cuta. Mahimmanci an lura cewa yayin da a cikin lafiyayyan ɗan adam epithelium na esophageal lafiyayyan nauyin yaduwa yana haɗuwa da stochastically rarraba basal epithelium. Bayan sauye-sauyensa zuwa epithelium na Barrett na farko, duk da haka, wani ƙaramin ɗaki mai ɗorewa yana bayyana wanda ke goyan bayan yaɗuwar epithelium yayin da shaidu guda ɗaya na sashin rarraba stochastically wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye nama ya ɓace. Don haka, aƙalla don wasu kyallen jikin neoplastic, ɓangarorin ɓangarorin sel da aka keɓe suna kula da haɓaka girman sashin da aka canza
Samfurin kwayar cutar kansa
Samfurin kwayar cutar kansa, wanda kuma aka sani da Tsarin Hierarchical Model ya ba da shawarar cewa ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji suna cikin tsari (CSCs suna kwance a koli (Fig. 3). A cikin yawan ciwon daji na ciwace-ciwacen daji akwai ƙwayoyin cuta masu ciwon daji (CSC) waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin tumorigenic kuma sun bambanta da ilimin halitta da sauran ƙananan jama'a Suna da siffofi guda biyu: ikon su na dogon lokaci don sabunta kansu da kuma ikon su na bambanta. cikin zuriyar da ba su da ƙari amma har yanzu suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar ƙwayar cuta. Wannan samfurin yana ba da shawarar cewa kawai wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na ciwon daji suna da ikon haifar da ci gaban ciwon daji, ma'ana cewa akwai takamaiman halaye (na zahiri) waɗanda za a iya gano su sannan kuma a yi niyya don lalata ƙwayar cuta na dogon lokaci ba tare da buƙatar yaƙi da cutar ba. duka ƙari.
Stochastic model
Domin tantanin halitta ya zama mai ciwon daji dole ne ya sami sauye-sauye masu yawa ga jerin DNA. Wannan samfurin tantanin halitta yana nuna waɗannan maye gurbi na iya faruwa ga kowane tantanin halitta a cikin jiki wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji. Ainihin wannan ka'idar tana ba da shawarar cewa duk ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ikon zama ƙari suna yin duk ƙwayoyin ƙari daidai da ikon sabunta kansu ko bambanta, wanda ke haifar da nau'in ƙari yayin da wasu na iya bambanta zuwa waɗanda ba CSCs Ƙarfin tantanin halitta zai iya. Za a rinjayi abubuwan da ba a yi tsammani ba ko abubuwan epigenetic, wanda ke haifar da sel daban-daban a cikin duka ƙwayoyin tumorigenic da waɗanda ba na tumorigenic waɗanda ke haɗa ƙari. Dangane da "samfurin stochastic" (ko "samfurin juyin halitta na clonal") kowane kwayar cutar kansa a cikin ƙari zai iya samun ikon sabunta kansa da bambanta da yawa da nau'ikan zuriyar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa waɗanda ke lalata ƙari Waɗannan maye gurbi na iya ci gaba da tarawa da haɓaka juriya da dacewa da ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke ba su damar yin nasara ga sauran ƙwayoyin ƙari, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙirar juyin halitta na somatic. Samfurin Juyin Halitta na clonal, wanda ke faruwa a cikin nau'in CSC duka da kuma samfurin stochastic, yana ƙaddamar da cewa ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta masu rikiɗawa tare da fa'idar girma sun fi sauran. Kwayoyin da ke cikin mafi yawan jama'a suna da irin wannan damar don fara haɓakar ƙari. (Hoto 4).
Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu ba su keɓanta juna ba, kamar yadda CSCs da kansu ke fuskantar juyin halitta na clonal. Don haka, na biyu mafi rinjaye na CSC na iya fitowa, idan maye gurbi yana ba da ƙarin kaddarorin mummuna (Fig. 5).
Haɗa samfuran CSC da stochastic tare
Wani bincike a cikin 2014 yana jayayya da rata tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan rigima guda biyu za a iya daidaita su ta hanyar samar da wani bayani na daban-daban na ƙari. Suna nuna samfurin da ya haɗa da bangarorin biyu na Stochastic da CSC. Sun bincika filastik mai tushe na kansa wanda a cikinsa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin kansa za su iya canzawa tsakanin ƙwayoyin sel marasa ciwon daji (Non-CSC) da CSC ta wurin da ke tallafawa ƙarin ƙirar Stochastic. Amma kasancewar duka nau'ikan halittu daban-daban waɗanda ba CSC ba da CSC suna goyan bayan ƙarin ƙirar CSC, suna ba da shawarar cewa duka samfuran biyu na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nau'ikan ƙwayar cuta.
Samfurin rigakafin cutar kansa
Wannan samfurin yana nuna cewa kaddarorin rigakafi na iya zama mahimmanci don fahimtar tumorigenesis da iri-iri. Don haka, CSCs na iya zama da wuya a wasu ciwace-ciwacen daji, amma wasu masu bincike sun gano cewa yawancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta na iya fara ciwace-ciwace idan an dasa su cikin ɓeraye marasa ƙarfi, don haka suna tambayar dacewar CSCs da ba kasafai ba. Koyaya, duka sel masu tushe da CSCs suna da sifofin rigakafi na musamman waɗanda ke ba su juriya sosai ga rigakafin rigakafi. Don haka, CSCs kawai za su iya haifar da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta a cikin marasa lafiya tare da aikin rigakafi na rigakafi, kuma gata na rigakafi na iya zama mahimmin ma'auni don gano CSCs. Bugu da ƙari, samfurin yana nuna cewa CSCs na iya kasancewa da farko sun dogara da ƙananan ƙwayoyin sel, kuma CSCs na iya aiki a can azaman tafki wanda maye gurbi zai iya tara shekaru da yawa ba tare da ƙuntatawa ta tsarin rigakafi ba. Ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace na iya girma idan: A) CSCs sun rasa dogaro ga abubuwan alkuki (ƙananan ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji), B) zuriyarsu masu yaɗuwa sosai, duk da haka da farko ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta al'ada ta haɓaka tana nufin tserewa rigakafi ko C) tsarin rigakafi na iya rasa ta. Ƙarfin ƙwayar cuta, misali saboda tsufa.
Adama Sulemana
Adama Sulemana ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma ɗan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Tain a yankin Bono na Ghana.
Anny Robert
Anietie Robert, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Anny, (an haife shi 28 ga Oktoba, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casa'in 1990A.C) Miladiyya. ɗan Najeriya ne mai ɗaukar hoto kuma darakta mai ƙirƙira a Jihar Neja, Najeriya. Bayan shekaru a matsayin mai zane mai hoto, Robert ya fara aikin daukar hoto a cikin 2014. Ya karanta ilimin na'ura mai kwakwalwa a Jami'ar Alkawari.
Kwayoyin Ciwon Daji
Muhawara
Kasancewar CSCs yana ƙarƙashin muhawara, saboda yawancin binciken da aka samu babu sel tare da takamaiman halayen su. Kwayoyin ciwon daji dole ne su kasance masu iya ci gaba da yaduwa da sabuntawar kansu don riƙe da yawancin maye gurbi da ake buƙata don carcinogenesis da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban ƙwayar cuta, tun da sel daban-daban (wanda aka ƙuntata ta Hayflick Limit ) ba zai iya rarraba ba har abada. Don la'akarin warkewa, idan yawancin ƙwayoyin tumor suna da abubuwan da suka dace, niyya girman ƙari kai tsaye dabara ce mai inganci. Idan CSC ƴan tsiraru ne, niyya su na iya zama mafi inganci. Wani muhawara game da asalin CSCs - ko daga dysregulation na kwayoyin halitta na al'ada ko kuma daga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun jama'a waɗanda suka sami ikon sabunta kansu (wanda ke da alaƙa da batun ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta). Rikita wannan muhawara shine gano cewa yawancin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa suna nuna nau'in filastik a ƙarƙashin ƙalubale na warkewa, suna canza rubutun su zuwa yanayi mai kama da kara don guje wa halaka.
Adama Sulemana
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Adama a ranar 6 ga Maris 1978 kuma ta fito daga Nsawkaw a yankin Bono na kasar Ghana. Ya yi BECE a shekarar 1989 haka nan a shekarar 1992. Ya kuma yi SSSCE a shekarar 1995. Ya kuma yi digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin halin dan Adam a shekarar 2006, sannan ya yi digirinsa na biyu a fannin Falsafa a ilimin halin dan Adam a shekarar 2009.
Anny Robert
Ayyuka
Binciken sarari, mutane, da haske, Anny tana samar da hotuna da hotuna masu shahara kuma suna aiki tare da mutane a fagage da ƙwarewa. Wadannan sun hada da suna kamar Davido, Donald Duke, Ice Prince da Folorunsho Alakija. Anny da Ari Labadi sun mallaki ɗakin daukar hoto StudioX. Hotunan Anny na fassara cikin gutsuttsura, galibi tare da haske, launi, da ra'ayin mai zane game da ƙirar. An jera Anny a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu daukar hoto da suka fi fice a Najeriya da Afirka. Hotunan nasa na nuna tsananin binciken ra'ayoyi da haƙiƙanin ɗan adam. Ayyukan zamantakewar Anny tare da daukar hoto ya gan shi ya kirkiro ayyukan zamantakewa. Ya haɗa da zaman hoto don wanda ya tsira daga cutar kansar nono Omolara Cookey a matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukan wayar da kan cutar kansa a cikin 2017 da ganowa da haɓaka samfurin Amaka.
Blue chip (kasuwar jari)
Blue chip wani hannun jari ne na kamfanon hannun jari (idan aka kwatanta da wanda ba na hannun jari ba) wacce tayi fice a ƙasa don ingancinta, amincinta, da kuma ikonta na samar da riba a lokuta na kunci da dadi.
Anny Robert
Ayyuka
Ƙaddamar da shaidar mace, a cikin 2017, Anny ta fitar da jerin hotuna da ke binciken ainihin mace ta zamani. A cikin 2019, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da MAJU (wani alama ce ta mata a Najeriya), zaman Anny mai suna " Ni Mace ce ", tare da kwafi da launuka suna bincikar mata ta fuskoki daban-daban don bikin watan Tarihin Mata. Wannan zaman yana nuna ƙirar ƙirar Aduke Bey, daMala'ika Obasi, ɗan Najeriya mai salo. Anny ya yi aiki a matsayin alkali don Gasar Gasar Hotunan Sake Fassarawana OPPO Mobile, a cikin jerin da aka tsara don gwada ƙarfin daukar hoto na OPPO F11 Pro, ya rubuta rayuwar matasa 'yan Legas.
Blue chip (kasuwar jari)
Asalin
Kamar yadda ya dace da yanayin haɗari mai girma a wasu lokuta na ɗaukar haja, kalmar "blue guntu" ta samo asali ne daga wasan karta na katin. Mafi sauƙin saiti na kwakwalwan poker sun haɗa da fararen, ja, da kwakwalwan kwamfuta blue, tare da al'adar Amurka da ke nuna cewa blues sun fi girma a daraja.
A cikin Amurka, ana amfani da blue chip a al'ada don manyan ƙima irin su "blue guntu" da aka yi amfani da su a cikin suna da ma'anar sifa tun 1873 da 1894, bi da bi. An ƙaddamar da wannan ƙaƙƙarfan ma'anar zuwa ma'anar hannun jari mai shuɗi a shekarun 1920s. A cewar tarihin tarihin kamfanin Dow Jones, wannan haɓakar ma'ana Oliver Gingold (wani farkon ma'aikacin kamfanin ne wanda zai zama Dow Jones) wani lokaci a cikin 1920s, lokacin da Gingold ke tsaye kusa da alamar haja a kamfanin dillalai wanda daga baya ya zama Merrill Lynch. . Lucien Hooper na hannun jari na WE Hutton & Co. Da yake lura da cinikai da yawa a $200 ko $250 rabo ko fiye, sai ya ce wa Lucien Hooper na dillalan hannun jari WE Hutton &amp;amp; Co. cewa ya yi niyyar komawa ofis don "rubutu game da waɗannan hannun jari blue-chip". An yi amfani da shi tun daga lokacin, asali dangane da hajoji masu tsada, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a yau don komawa ga manyan kayayyaki masu inganci.
Amurika
Shahararrun mashahurin da ke biye da kwakwalwan shuɗi na Amurka shine Dow Jones Industrial Matsakaicin, matsakaicin farashin 30 blue-chip stocks wanda ke gaba ɗaya shugabannin masana'antu. Duk kamfanoni a cikin Dow Jones Industrial Matsakaicin shuɗi-kwakwalwa ne, amma Dow Jones Matsakaicin Masana'antu index ne wanda bai haɗa da duk kamfanonin da ke shuɗi ba. Duk da haka, ya kasance mai nuna alamar kasuwancin hannun jari tun ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1928.
Kwayoyin Ciwon Daji
Shaida
Tabbatacciyar shaida ta farko don CSCs ta zo a cikin 1997. Bonnet da Dick sun keɓe ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo waɗanda suka bayyana alamar CD34, amma ba CD38 ba. Mawallafa sun tabbatar da cewa CD34 + / CD38 - yawan yawan jama'a yana da ikon fara ciwace-ciwace a cikin berayen NOD/ SCID waɗanda suka yi kama da mai bayarwa. Shaida ta farko na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayar cutar kansar ƙwayar cuta mai kama da tantanin halitta ta biyo baya a cikin 2002 tare da gano ƙwayar cuta ta clonogenic, tantanin halitta wanda ke ware kuma yana da alaƙa daga gliomas na kwakwalwar ɗan adam balagagge. Ciwon daji na cortical glial na ɗan adam sun ƙunshi sel masu kama da jijiya waɗanda ke bayyana alamun astroglial da alamun neuronal a cikin vitro. Kwayoyin ciwon daji da aka ware daga manyan gliomas na ɗan adam an nuna su haifar da ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji waɗanda suka yi kama da ƙwayar mahaifa lokacin da aka cusa su cikin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta tsirara.
A cikin gwaje-gwajen bincike na ciwon daji, wasu lokuta ana allurar ƙwayoyin ƙari a cikin dabbar gwaji don kafa ƙari. Ana ci gaba da ci gaban cuta a cikin lokaci kuma ana iya gwada magungunan novel don ingancin su. Samuwar Tumor yana buƙatar dubunnan ko dubun duban sel don gabatar da su. A al'ada, an bayyana wannan ta hanyar rashin kyaun tsari (watau ƙwayoyin tumor sun rasa ƙarfinsu yayin canja wuri) ko mahimmancin mahimmancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, musamman mahallin sinadarai na ƙwayoyin allurar. Magoya bayan tsarin CSC suna jayayya cewa kaɗan ne kawai na ƙwayoyin allurar, CSCs, ke da yuwuwar haifar da ƙari. A cikin ɗan adam m myeloid cutar sankarar bargo, mitar wadannan kwayoyin bai wuce 1 cikin 10,000 ba.
Ƙarin shaida ya zo daga histology. Yawancin ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace iri- iri ne kuma suna ƙunshe da nau'ikan tantanin halitta da yawa waɗanda suka fito daga sashin mai masaukin baki. Ciwon ƙwayar cuta yawanci ana riƙe shi ta hanyar metastases na ƙari. Wannan yana nuna cewa tantanin halitta da ya samar da su yana da ikon samar da nau'ikan tantanin halitta da yawa, alama ce ta al'ada ta kwayoyin halitta.
Kasancewar ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo ya haifar da bincike kan wasu cututtukan daji. Kwanan nan an gano CSCs a cikin ciwace-ciwace da yawa, gami da:
Samfuran injina da na lissafi
Da zarar an yi hasashe hanyoyin zuwa ciwon daji, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙira ƙirar lissafi na tsinkaya, misali, bisa hanyar sashin sel. Misali, ana iya bayyana ci gaban sel marasa al'ada tare da takamaiman yuwuwar maye gurbi. Irin wannan samfurin ya annabta cewa maimaita cin mutunci ga sel balagagge yana ƙaruwa da samuwar zuriyar da ba ta dace ba da haɗarin ciwon daji. Tasirin asibiti na irin waɗannan samfuran ya kasance mara tushe.
Asalin
Asalin CSCs yanki ne mai aiki da bincike. Amsar na iya dogara da nau'in ƙari da nau'in phenotype. Ya zuwa yanzu dai hasashen cewa ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace sun samo asali ne daga “kwayoyin asali” guda daya ba a nuna su ta amfani da tsarin kwayar cutar kansar ba. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙwayoyin da ke haifar da ciwon daji ba su cikin ciwace-ciwacen mataki na ƙarshe.
Maye gurbin kwayar halitta
Hasashen "maye gurbi a cikin al'ummomin kwayoyin halitta yayin haɓakawa" hasashe yana iƙirarin cewa waɗannan al'ummomi masu tasowa suna canzawa sannan kuma su haifuwa ta yadda yawancin zuri'a ke raba maye gurbin. Wadannan sel 'ya'ya sun fi kusa da zama ciwace-ciwacen daji kuma adadin su yana kara yiwuwar maye gurbi mai cutar kansa.
Manyan kwayoyin kara
Wata ka’idar tana danganta ƙwan ƙwan ƙwayoyin manya (ASC) tare da samuwar ƙari. Yawancin lokaci ana danganta wannan tare da kyallen takarda tare da yawan juzu'in tantanin halitta (kamar fata ko hanji ). A cikin waɗannan kyallen takarda, ASCs 'yan takara ne saboda yawan rarrabuwar tantanin halitta (idan aka kwatanta da yawancin ASCs) tare da tsawon rayuwar ASCs. Wannan haɗin yana haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin yanayi don maye gurbi don tarawa: tarin maye gurbi shine babban abin da ke haifar da farawar cutar kansa. Shaidu sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar tana wakiltar wani abu na gaske, kodayake an danganta takamaiman cutar kansa da wani takamaiman dalili.
De-banbantawa
Bambance-bambancen sel da aka canza na iya haifar da halaye masu kama da kwayar halitta, suna nuna cewa kowane tantanin halitta zai iya zama kwayar cutar kansa. A wasu kalmomi, cikakkiyar bambance-bambancen tantanin halitta yana fuskantar maye gurbi ko siginar siginar salula waɗanda ke mayar da shi zuwa yanayi mai kama da tushe. An nuna wannan ra'ayi kwanan nan a cikin nau'ikan ciwon daji na prostate, inda sel waɗanda ke fuskantar jiyya na rashin ƙarfi na androgen ke bayyana suna canza rubutun su na ɗan lokaci zuwa na tantanin halitta mai kama da jijiyoyi, tare da ɓarna da kaddarorin masu yawa na wannan nau'in sel masu kama da kara.
Matsayi
Ma'anar matsayi na ƙari yana iƙirarin cewa ƙari shine nau'in nau'in kwayoyin halitta masu kama da juna, dukansu suna raba wasu maye gurbi, amma sun bambanta a takamaiman nau'in phenotype. Ciwon daji yana ɗaukar nau'ikan sel masu tushe da yawa, ɗaya mafi kyau ga takamaiman mahalli da sauran layukan marasa nasara. Waɗannan layukan na biyu na iya zama mafi nasara a wasu wurare, ƙyale ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta daidaita, gami da daidaitawa ga saƙon warkewa. Idan daidai ne, wannan ra'ayi yana tasiri akan tsarin tsarin jiyya na musamman na ƙwayoyin cuta. Irin wannan matsayi zai dagula yunƙurin nuna asalin.
Ganewa
CSCs, wanda yanzu aka ruwaito a cikin mafi yawan ciwace-ciwacen mutum, ana gano su da kuma wadatar da su ta amfani da dabarun gano ƙwayoyin sel na yau da kullun waɗanda suke kama da juna a cikin karatu. Waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da rarrabuwar tantanin halitta mai kunna haske (FACS), tare da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka ba da umarni a alamomin saman tantanin halitta da hanyoyin aiki gami da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a ko gwajin Aldefluor. Sakamakon wadatar CSC sannan ana shuka shi, a nau'ikan allurai daban-daban, a cikin ɓeraye masu ƙarancin rigakafi don tantance ƙarfin haɓakar ƙwayar cuta. Wannan in vivo assay ana kiransa ƙayyadaddun tantancewar dilution. Rukunin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta wanda zai iya fara haɓaka ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta a ƙananan lambobi ana ƙara gwada ƙarfin sabuntawar kai a cikin binciken ƙwayar cuta.
Adama Sulemana
Aiki
Adama ya kasance DCE ta Tain a karkashin ma'aikatar kananan hukumomi sannan kuma malamin lafiya a karkashin ma'aikatar lafiya.
Umar Taal
Hadji Oumarûl Foutiyou TALL ( Umar ibn Sa'id al-Futi Tal, حاج عمر بن سعيد طعل  ), ( c. 1794 – 1864 CE ), an haife shi a yankin Futa Tooro, Senegambia, shugaban siyasar yammacin Afirka ne, malamin Islama, Tijani Sufi da kwamandan sojan Toucouleur wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Toucouleur na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda ya kuma mamaye yawancin abin da ake kira Guinea, Senegal, da Mali.
Suna
An rubuta sunan Omar Tall daban-daban: musamman, sunansa na farko yawanci ana fassara shi da Faransanci da sunan Omar, kodayake wasu kafofin sun fi son Umar ; da patronymic, ibn Sa'id, sau da yawa yana tsallake. da kuma karshe kashi na sunansa, Tall طعل ), ana rubuta su daban-daban da tsayi, Taal ko Tal.
A honorific El Hadj (wato al-Hajj ko el-Hadj), ajiye wani Musulmi wanda ya samu nasarar sanya Hajj zuwa Makka, Earsbe Omar Tall sunan da yawa a cikin matani, musamman waɗanda suke a cikin Larabci. Daga baya kuma ya dauki manyan masu daraja Amir al-Mu'minin, Khalifa, Qutb (tushen duniya), wazirin Mahdi, Khalifat Khatim al-Awliya (majikin hatimin waliyyai), da Almami (Imam).
Adama Sulemana
Aikin siyasa
Adama dan jam'iyyar NDC ne kuma a halin yanzu dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Tain. Ya lashe kujerun majalisar ne da kuri'u 20,374 wanda ya samu kashi 45.4% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin NPP, Gabriel Osei ya samu kuri'u 18,346 ya samu kashi 40.9%.
Umar Taal
Rayuwar farko
Lokacin da ya dawo daga aikin Hajji ya yada zango kusa da Damascus a can ya haɗu da Ibrahim Pasha, Omar Tall yayi abokantaka da Pasha ya ya bawa dansa maganin zazzaɓi kuma ya warke daga zazzaɓi mai kisa, Omar Tall ya samu kwarin guiwa sosai da yanayin da Pasha ya kafa. Ya zauna a Sakkwato Daga shekara ta 1831 zuwa shekara ta 1837, ya auri mata da dama, daya daga cikinsu diyar Halifan Fulani ce ta Khalifan Sokoto, Muhammed Bello. A cikin 1836, Omar Tall ya koma Imamancin Futa Jallon, sannan ya koma Dinguiraye a shekara ta 1840, a Guinea ta yau, inda ya fara shirye-shiryen jihadinsa. A can ya tsara mabiyansa zuwa ƙwararrun runduna ta kusan 50,000, ɗauke da makaman Faransa da masu ba da shawara na yamma. A shekara ta 1852 ya shelanta jihadi a kan maguzawa, da maguzawan musulmi, da turawa masu kutse, da sarakunan Futa Toro da Futa Jallon masu ja da baya.
Adama Sulemana
Kwamitoci
Adama mamba ne a kwamitin oda da kuma mamba a kwamitin sadarwa.
Umar Taal
Rayuwar farko
Omar Tall ya yi iƙirarin ikon mallaka na wuce gona da iri. Ya musanta muhimmancin riko da Mazhaba kuma ya fifita Ijtihadi ko hukunci na addini. Ya koyar da cewa ya kamata mumini ya bi shiriyar Shaihin Sufaye wanda yake da ilimin gaskiya na Ubangiji nan take. Ko da yake Omar Tall bai taba daukar Mujaddadi ko Mahdi ba, amma mabiyansa suna kallonsa a matsayin haka. Ya zama torodbe manufa na farfaɗo da addini da cin nasara a kan arna.
Adama Sulemana
Rayuwa ta sirri
Adama Kirista ce.
Kwayoyin Ciwon Daji
Ganewa
Hakanan za'a iya gano CSCs ta hanyar fitar da riniyoyin Hoechst da aka haɗa ta hanyar juriya da yawa (MDR) da kaset ɗin ATP-binding (ABC) Masu jigilar kaya.
Wata hanya kuma ita ce kima-samfurin kima. Yawancin sel masu tushe na al'ada irin su hematopoietic ko sel mai tushe daga kyallen takarda, a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada na musamman, suna samar da nau'i mai nau'i uku waɗanda zasu iya bambanta. Kamar yadda yake da sel mai tushe na al'ada, CSCs da ke ware daga kwakwalwa ko ciwace-ciwacen prostate suma suna da ikon samar da sassa masu zaman kansu.
’Yan shekarun nan an ga bullowar hanyoyin da za a bi don gano kwayar cutar daji a cikin rodents na gwaji. A cikin irin wannan binciken, biyo bayan shigar da ciwon daji (yawanci ta hanyar aikace-aikacen mutagens), ana kunna kaset na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke haifar da bayyanar da alama mai sauƙin ganewa, misali koren furotin (GFP). Wannan ya shawo kan iyakokin hanyoyin al'ada (misali fasahar lakabin Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) na gargajiya da aka yi amfani da ita don gano ƙwayoyin jinkirin hawan keke a cikin dabbobi) kamar yadda hanyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ke zama masu zaman kansu na sake zagayowar tantanin halitta kuma ana iya amfani da su a cikin vivo pulse-chase labeling don gano quiescent. /Slow-cycling Kwayoyin. Wannan dabarar, alal misali, ta kasance kayan aiki don gano abin da ake kira rukunin Lgr5+ azaman sashin kwayar cutar kansa a cikin ciwon hanta da kuma nuna yuwuwar sa a matsayin maƙasudin warkewa.
Bambance-bambance (alamomi)
CSCs heterogeneity wani tafki ne na bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin ƙari waɗanda ba su da bambanci waɗanda aka cika su ta sel waɗanda ke da duka ƙari da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kamar kaddarorin kuma suna da nau'ikan halitta da na rayuwa a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta guda ɗaya. Akwai ra'ayoyi guda biyu don bayyana yanayin phenotypic da na rayuwa na CSCs; bambancin clonal da ka'idar kwayar cutar kansa. Yayin da tsohuwar ka'idar ta nuna rawar da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta, epigenetic da micro muhalli inda kwayar cutar ciwon daji ke zaune don samun halayen tumorigenic marasa bambanci. Ka'idar ta ƙarshe ta fi mayar da hankali kan halaye marasa kyau da aka samu ta hanyar sel masu tushe inda waɗannan ƙwayoyin da ba su da bambanci kuma suna da yawa sosai suna sake cika yawan ƙwayar ƙari.
An gano CSCs a cikin nau'ikan ciwace-ciwace iri-iri. Yawanci, ana amfani da alamomi na musamman don sel mai tushe na yau da kullun don ware CSCs daga ciwace-ciwace da ciwace-ciwacen jini. Alamomi mafi akai-akai da ake amfani da su don warewar CSC sun haɗa da: CD133 (wanda kuma aka sani da PROM1 ), CD44, ALDH1A1, CD34, CD24 da EpCAM ( kwayoyin halitta adhesion cell epithelial, wanda kuma aka sani da antigen na musamman na epithelial, ESA ).
EpCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule, ESA, TROP1) shine hemophilic Ca 2+ - kwayoyin adhesion cell mai zaman kanta wanda aka bayyana akan basolateral surface na yawancin kwayoyin epithelial.
CD90 (THY1) shine glycosylphosylphosphatidylinositol glycoprotein wanda aka kafa a cikin membrane na plasma kuma yana shiga cikin jigilar sigina. Hakanan yana iya daidaita mannewa tsakanin thymocytes da thymic stroma.
CD24 (HSA) wani glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored adhesion molecule, wanda ke da rawar haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƙwayoyin B da T.
CD200 (OX-2) wani nau'i ne na 1 membrane glycoprotein, wanda ke ba da siginar hanawa zuwa ƙwayoyin rigakafi ciki har da ƙwayoyin T, ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta da macrophages.
ALDH wani yanki ne na aldehyde dehydrogenase iyali na enzymes, wanda ke haifar da iskar shaka na aldehydes na aromatic zuwa carboxyl acid. Alal misali, yana da tasiri wajen canza retinol zuwa retinoic acid, wanda yake da mahimmanci don rayuwa.
Na farko m malignancy daga wanda CSCs aka ware da kuma gano shi ne nono cancer kuma su ne mafi tsanani nazari. An wadatar da CSCs na nono a cikin CD44 + CD24 -/low, SP da ALDH +. CSCs na nono a fili suna da bambanci. Maganar alamar CSC a cikin ƙwayoyin kansar nono a bayyane yake iri-iri ne kuma yawan CSC nono ya bambanta a cikin ciwace-ciwacen daji. Dukansu CD44 + CD24 - da CD44 + CD24 + yawan yawan tantanin halitta sune ƙwayoyin farawar ƙari; duk da haka, CSC sun fi wadatuwa sosai ta amfani da bayanin martaba CD44 + CD49f hi CD133/2 hi.
An ba da rahoton CSCs a yawancin ciwan kwakwalwa. An gano ƙwayoyin cuta ciki har da CD133, SSEA-1 (antigen-takamaiman amfrayo-1), EGFR da CD44. Amfani da CD133 don tantance ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya zama matsala saboda ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayar cuta a cikin wasu CD133 + Kwayoyin kwakwalwar CD133 na CD133 na CD13 na CD13 - Kwayoyin kwakwalwa.
An ba da rahoton CSC a cikin ciwon daji na hanji. Don gano su, an yi amfani da alamomin sararin samaniya irin su CD133, CD44 da ABCB5, nazarin aikin ciki har da nazarin clonal da kuma Aldefluor assay. Yin amfani da CD133 azaman tabbataccen alama don CSCs na hanji ya haifar da saɓani. Epitope na AC133, amma ba sunadaran CD133 ba, an bayyana shi musamman a cikin CSCs na hanji kuma an rasa bayanin sa akan bambancewa. Bugu da ƙari, CD44 + ƙwayoyin ciwon daji na hanji da ƙarin ƙananan juzu'i na CD44 + EpCAM + yawan tantanin halitta tare da CD166 suna haɓaka nasarar haɓakar ƙwayar cuta.
An ba da rahoton CSC da yawa a cikin prostate, huhu da sauran gabobin da yawa, gami da hanta, pancreas, koda ko ovary. A cikin ciwon daji na prostate, an gano ƙwayoyin farawar tumor a cikin CD44 + tantanin halitta kamar CD44 + α2β1 +, TRA-1-60 + CD151 + CD166 + ko ALDH + yawan adadin sel. . An ba da rahoton alamomin sakawa na huhu na CSC, ciki har da CD133 +, ALDH +, CD44 + da furotin oncofetal 5T4 +.
Umar Taal
Cin nasara na farko
Omar Tall ya yi kira ga al’ummar Futa Toro bisa korafe-korafen da suke yi da manyan sojoji. Har ila yau, al'ummarsa sun yi kira ga mutane marasa tushe daga kabilu dabam-dabam wadanda suka sami sabon salo na zamantakewa da kuma damar cin galaba a karkashin tsarin Musulunci. Jihadinsa ya fara ne da cin Futa Toro kuma a shekara ta 1862 daularsa ta hada da Timbuktu, Masina, Hamdallahi, da Segu.
A cikin shekara ta 1848, sojojin Omar Tall's Toucouleur, sanye take da makaman Faransa, sun mamaye yankuna da yawa makwabta, arna, Malinké kuma sun sami nasara cikin gaggawa. Omar Tall ya matsa zuwa yankin Kayes na kasar Mali a yau, inda ya ci garuruwa da dama tare da gina wani katafaren katanga a kusa da birnin Kayes wanda a yau ya zama wurin yawon bude ido.
A watan Afrilun shekara ta 1857, Omar Tall ya shelanta yaki a kan masarautar Khasso. Ya shiga rikici da Faransawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin kafa ikon kasuwancinsu a gefen kogin Senegal. Omar Tall ya yiwa sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa kawanya a sansanin Madina. Yakin bai yi nasara ba a ranar 18 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar lokacin da Louis Faidherbe, gwamnan Faransa na Senegal, ya isa tare da dakarun agaji. A shekara ta 1860 Omar Tall ya kulla yarjejeniya da Faransawa wadanda suka gane nasa, da mabiyansa, fannin tasiri a Futa Toro kuma ya sanya musu jihohin Bambara na Kaarta da Segu.
Bambara da Masina
,.
Omar Tall ya ɗora ɗansa Ahmadu Tall a matsayin limamin Segu, ya yi tattaki zuwa Nijar, kan imaman Masarautar Hamdullahi. Fiye da 70,000 sun mutu a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe guda uku da suka biyo baya. Mafi yanke hukunci shine a Cayawel, inda Amadu III, Sarkin Masina, ya ji rauni. Djenné ya fadi da sauri sannan faɗuwar ƙarshe da halaka Hamdullahi a watan Mayu 1862.
Mutuwa da gado
A cikin shekara ta 1862, a cikin neman sabon yanki, Omar Tall da mabiyansa sun mamaye Masarautar Massina (Masina), wanda babban birninta ya kasance a Hamdullahi. Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti, na darikar Sufi Qadari, ya jagoranci hadakar wasu jahohin kasar domin tinkarar wannan farmakin da Ahmad ya yi tir da shi da cewa haramtacciyar yakin musulmi ne akan musulmi. Ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da, Inter alia, Masina da Timbuktu.
Omar Tall ya kama Hamdullahi a ranar 15 ga Mayun shekara ta 1862. A yanzu Omar Tall yana iko da Nijar ta Tsakiya gabaɗaya, ya ƙaura zuwa Timbuktu, amma a shekara ta 1863 rundunar hadaka ta Tuaregs, Moors, da Fulas suka fatattake su. A shekara ta 1863, kawancen ya yi galaba a kan sojojin Omar Tall da dama, inda suka kashe hafsoshin Tall Alpha Umar (Alfa 'Umar), Thierno Bayla da Alfa 'Uthman.
A halin da ake ciki kuma, an yi tawaye a ƙasar Masina a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ba Lobbo, kani ga sarkin Masina da aka kashe, Amadu III. A wajen murkushe tawaye, A lokacin bazara na 1863, Omar Tall ya sake mamaye birnin Hamdullahi, kuma a watan Yuni rundunar Balobo ta hadakar Fulas da Kountas sun yiwa sojojin Omar Tall kawanya a can. Mabiya Balobo sun kama Hamdallahi a watan Fabrairun 1864. Omar Tall ya gudu ya yi nasarar kai shi wani kogo a Degembere (a cikin Bandiagara Escarpment ) inda ya rasu a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1864.
Yayan Omar Tall Tidiani Tall ya gaje shi a matsayin sarkin Toucouleur, ko da yake dansa Ahmadu Tall, wanda ke aiki daga Ségou, ya yi aiki da yawa wajen kiyaye daular. Duk da haka, Faransanci ya ci gaba da ci gaba, a ƙarshe ya shiga Ségou kanta a 1890. Jihar jihadi ta Omar Tall ta shiga cikin daular Faransa ta yammacin Afirka da ke girma.
Omar Tall ya kasance fitaccen mutum a Senegal, Guinea, da Mali, duk da cewa gadonsa ya bambanta da kasa. Inda 'yan Senegal da yawa sukan tuna da shi a matsayin gwarzo na adawa da Faransa. Mali kafofin ayan bayyana shi a matsayin mai mamaye wanda ya shirya hanya domin ta Faransa ta raunanar da yammacin Afirka. Omar Tall kuma yayi fice a cikin littafin tarihin Maryse Condé na Segu. Har wala yau ya kasance mai fada a ji a cikin darikar Tijjaniyya da sauran kungiyoyin kawo sauyi, wadanda suka jaddada muhimmancin tsarin addinin Musulunci. Jihar Umar Tall ta hana rawa, shan taba, barasa, laya, bukukuwan maguzawa, da bautar gumaka. An dakatar da ayyuka da yawa da ba na Musulunci ba. An kuma aiwatar da waɗannan dokokin sosai, musamman ma hana barasa. Omar Tall ya soke harajin da ba a san shi ba ya maye gurbinsu da zakka, harajin filaye, da jizya. An iyakance masu auren mace fiye da ɗaya ga mata huɗu kawai. Omar Tall kuwa, ba ya sha’awar abubuwan dabaru na cusa addinin Musulunci kamar ginin kotuna, madrassa, da masallatai. Babban aikin da gwamnatin Umar Tall ta yi shi ne yaƙin farauta, bauta, tara ganima, da gyara ɗabi'u. A cikin Senegambia, ana tunawa da muhimmancinsa a lokacin "lokacin jihadi" a matsayin "ba juriya ga Turawa ba amma "lalata arna" a yammacin Sudan.
A watan Nuwambar shekara ta 2019, gwamnatin Faransa ta mayarwa gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Senegal abin da ake kira takobin Omar Tall - wanda a zahiri takobin Ahmadu Tall ne, dan Omar Tall - ga gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Senegal. ·
Bayanan kula da nassoshi
Asalin wannan labarin ya dogara ne akan fassarar labarin da ya dace daga Wikipedia na Faransa, wanda aka dawo dashi ranar 1 ga Yuli, shekara ta 2005, wanda kuma ya kawo maɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa:
Kwayoyin Ciwon Daji
Epithelial-mesenchymal canji
A cikin ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace, ana ɗaukar canjin epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT) a matsayin lamari mai mahimmanci. EMT da jujjuya juyi daga mesenchymal zuwa nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in halitta ( MET ) suna shiga cikin haɓakar amfrayo, wanda ya haɗa da rushewar homeostasis na sel na epithelial da kuma samun nau'in yanayin ƙaura na mesenchymal. EMT ya bayyana ana sarrafa shi ta hanyoyin canonical kamar WNT da canza yanayin girma β.
Muhimmin fasalin EMT shine asarar membrane E-cadherin a cikin haɗin gwiwar adherens, inda β-catenin na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Canja wurin β-catenin daga haɗin gwiwar adherens zuwa tsakiya na iya haifar da asarar E-cadherin kuma daga baya zuwa EMT. Nuclear β-catenin a fili zai iya kai tsaye, ta hanyar rubutawa ta kunna abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da EMT, irin su E-cadherin gene repressor SLUG (wanda aka fi sani da SNAI2 ). Kayan aikin injiniya na ƙwayar cuta, irin su hypoxia, na iya ba da gudummawa ga rayuwa ta CSC da kuma m metastatic ta hanyar daidaitawa na hypoxia inducible dalilai ta hanyar hulɗa tare da ROS ( jinsunan oxygen mai amsawa ).
Kwayoyin Tumor da ke jurewa EMT na iya zama madogara ga ƙwayoyin cutar kansa na metastatic, ko ma CSCs na metastatic. A cikin gefen ɓarna na ciwon daji na pancreatic, an bayyana sassan CD133 + CXCR4 + (mai karɓa don CXCL12 chemokine wanda aka fi sani da SDF1 ligand ). Waɗannan sel sun nuna ƙarfin ƙaura fiye da takwaransu CD133 + CXCR4 - sel, amma duka biyun sun nuna irin ƙarfin haɓakar ƙari. Haka kuma, hana mai karɓar CXCR4 ya rage yuwuwar metastatic ba tare da canza ƙarfin tumorigenic ba.
Tasiri
CSCs suna da tasiri don maganin ciwon daji, ciki har da don gano cututtuka, zaɓin magungunan ƙwayoyi, rigakafin metastasis da dabarun sa baki.
Magani
CSCs a zahiri sun fi juriya ga magungunan chemotherapeutic. Akwai manyan abubuwa guda 5 da suke haifar da hakan:
Yin niyya
Zaɓan CSCs mai niyya na iya ba da damar jiyya na ciwace-ciwacen da ba za a iya sake su ba, da kuma hana metastasis da sake dawowa. Hasashen yana nuna cewa akan kawar da CSC, ciwon daji na iya komawa baya saboda bambance-bambance da/ko mutuwar tantanin halitta. Ƙirar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta waɗanda suke CSCs don haka suna buƙatar kawar da su ba a sani ba.
Nazarin ya nemi takamaiman alamomi da kuma sa hannu na ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke bambanta CSCs daga wasu. A cikin 2009, masana kimiyya sun gano fili salinomycin, wanda zaɓaɓɓen ya rage yawan adadin nono CSCs a cikin mice fiye da 100-ninka dangane da Paclitaxel, wani wakili na chemotherapeutic da aka saba amfani dashi. Wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin cutar kansa na iya tsira da magani tare da salinomycin ta hanyar autophagy, ta yadda sel ke amfani da gabobin kwayoyin acidic kamar lysosomes don lalatawa da sake sarrafa wasu nau'ikan sunadaran. Yin amfani da masu hana autophagy na iya kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa da ke rayuwa ta hanyar autophagy.
The cell surface receptor interleukin-3 receptor-alpha (CD123) an overexpressed a kan CD34+CD38-leukemic stem Kwayoyin (LSCs) a cikin m myelogenous cutar sankarar bargo (AML) amma ba a al'ada CD34 + CD38- kasusuwa marrow Kwayoyin. Yin maganin berayen NOD/SCID da aka sawa AML tare da CD123-takamaiman antibody monoclonal mai lahani LSCs zuwa ga marrow na kasusuwa kuma ya rage yawan jama'ar AML gabaɗaya gami da adadin LSCs a cikin masu karɓar linzamin kwamfuta na biyu.
Nazarin 2015 ya ƙunshi nanoparticles tare da miR-34a da ammonium bicarbonate kuma ya isar da su zuwa CSCs na prostate a cikin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta. Sannan suka haska wurin da hasken Laser na kusa da infrared. Wannan ya sa nanoparticles su kumbura sau uku ko fiye da girman su suna fashe endosomes kuma suna tarwatsa RNA a cikin tantanin halitta. miR-34a na iya rage matakan CD44.
Wani bincike na 2018 ya gano masu hana dangin ALDH1A na enzymes kuma ya nuna cewa za su iya zaɓin rage ƙwayar ƙwayar cutar kansa a cikin layukan ƙwayoyin cutar kansar ovarian da yawa.
Hanyoyi
Ƙirƙirar sababbin magunguna don ƙaddamar da CSCs yana buƙatar fahimtar hanyoyin salula waɗanda ke daidaita yaduwar kwayar halitta. Ci gaba na farko a wannan yanki an yi su ne tare da kwayoyin halitta na hematopoietic (HSCs) da kuma takwarorinsu da suka canza a cikin cutar sankarar bargo, cutar da aka fi fahimtar asalin CSCs. Kwayoyin sassa na gabobin da yawa suna raba hanyoyin salon salula iri ɗaya da cutar sankarar bargo ta HSCs.
Za a iya canza kwayar halitta ta al'ada zuwa CSC ta hanyar dysregulation na yaduwa da hanyoyin bambance-bambancen da ke sarrafa shi ko ta hanyar haifar da ayyukan oncoprotein.
BMI-1
An gano ƙungiyar Polycomb mai jujjuya rubutun Bmi -1 azaman ƙwayar cuta ta gama gari wacce aka kunna a cikin lymphoma kuma daga baya aka nuna don daidaita HSCs. An kwatanta rawar Bmi-1 a cikin ƙwayoyin tushe na jijiyoyi. Hanyar yana bayyana yana aiki a cikin CSCs na ciwan kwakwalwar yara.
Daraja
Hanyar Notch tana taka rawa wajen sarrafa yaduwar kwayar halitta don nau'ikan tantanin halitta da yawa ciki har da hematopoietic, jijiyoyi da mammary SCs. An ba da shawarar sassan wannan hanyar don yin aiki azaman oncogenes a cikin mammary da sauran ciwace-ciwacen daji.
Wani reshe na hanyar siginar Notch wanda ya haɗa da ma'anar rubutun Hes3 yana daidaita yawancin ƙwayoyin al'ada tare da halayen CSC da aka samu daga marasa lafiya na glioblastoma.
Sonic hedgehog da Wnt
Sonic hedgehog blockers suna samuwa, kamar cyclopamine. Cyclopamine mai narkewar ruwa na iya zama mafi tasiri a maganin ciwon daji. DMAPT, wani abu mai narkewa na ruwa na parthenolide, yana haifar da danniya na oxidative kuma ya hana NF-κB siginar don AML (cututtukan sankarar bargo) da yiwuwar myeloma da ciwon daji na prostate. Telomerase batun nazari ne a cikin ilimin halittar jiki na CSC. GRN163L ( Imetelstat ) kwanan nan an fara shi a cikin gwaji don ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin myeloma.
Siginar Wnt na iya zama mai zaman kanta daga abubuwan motsa jiki na yau da kullun, ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na oncogenes da ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙari waɗanda ke kunna su dindindin duk da cewa mai karɓa na yau da kullun bai sami sigina ba. β-catenin yana ɗaure zuwa abubuwan rubutu kamar furotin TCF4 kuma a hade kwayoyin suna kunna kwayoyin da suka dace. LF3 da ƙarfi yana hana wannan ɗauri a cikin vitro, a cikin layin salula da rage haɓakar ƙari a cikin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta. Ya hana kwafi kuma ya rage karfin su na yin ƙaura, duk ba tare da cutar da ƙwayoyin lafiya ba. Babu kwayar cutar kansa da ta rage bayan magani. Sakamakon binciken shine samfurin " ƙirar magunguna na hankali", wanda ya haɗa da AlphaScreens da fasahar ELISA.
Axel Méyé
Axel Méyé Me Ndong (An haife shi ranar 6 ga watan Yunin, 1995) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Gabon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kulob ɗin Ittihad Tanger da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gabon.
Ya taka leda a gasar Olympics ta bazara a 2012 A 2012, ya buga wa tawagar kasar wasan mintuna 41 a wasan sada zumunci da Afirka ta Kudu.
Aikin kulob/Aiki
A cikin watan Janairu 2018, Méyé ya shiga kulob ɗin Paris FC.
Ahmed Sani Stores
Ahmed Sani Stores ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Katsina ta tsakiya, a jihar Katsina, a zaɓen kasa na ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2011. An zaɓe shi a tikitin jam’iyyar Congress for Progressive Change (CPC).
Farkon rayuwa da Karatu
An haifi Ahmed Sani Stores a unguwar Kangiwa da ke cikin birnin Katsina. Ya yi karatu a North East Worcestershire College, Bromsgrove, London, kuma ya zama mai ba da shawara kan kuɗi da fitarwa.
Ayyuka da Siyasa
Ahmed ya dawo Najeriya domin fafatawa a zaɓen Sanata. An bayyana cewa, a wani lokaci a lokacin yakin neman zaɓen an kai Ahmed Sani Stores zuwa kotun majistare inda aka tuhume shi da aikata ta’addanci.
Haruna Seidu
Alhaji Haruna Seidu ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma ɗan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Wenchi a yankin Bono na ƙasar Ghana.
Aiki
Haruna ya kasance Manajan Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa na Lamini Investment Ghana Limited. Manomi ne.
Aikin siyasa
Haruna dan jam’iyyar NDC ne kuma a halin yanzu dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Wenchi. Ya lashe kujerar majalisar ne da kuri'u 26,068 wanda ya zama kashi 51.1% na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin jam'iyyar NPP George Yaw Gyan-Baffuor ya samu kuri'u 23,102 wanda ya zama kashi 45.3% na jimillar kuri'un.
Kwamitin
Haruna mamba ne a kwamitin kasafin kudi na musamman.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Haruna musulmi ne.
Tallafawa
A cikin Janairu 2022, ya ba da gudummawar sabbin kujerun guragu guda 36 ga wasu nakasassu a gundumar Wenchi.
Abdulkareem Adisa
Abdulkareem Adisa Listen (an haife she a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1948 – 25 watan February shekarar 2005)  Manjo Janar ne na Najeriya wanda ya kasance gwamnan mulkin soja na jihar Oyo (a watan Agusta na shekarar 1990 – Watan Janeiro shekarar 1992) a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Ibrahim Babangida. An same shi da laifin hannu a yunkurin juyin mulki da aka yi wa shugaban mulkin soja Janar Sani Abacha a shekarar 1997, kuma yana kan hukuncin kisa lokacin da Abacha ya rasu a shekarar Yunin shekarar 1998. Daga baya aka yi masa afuwa.
Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Abdulkareem Adisa a Ilorin, yanzu a garin jihar Kwara.
Ya halarci Makarantar Al-Qur'ani a Ilorin tsakanin shekarar 1951 da shekara ta 1953 sannan ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar Katolika da ke Ibuso Gboro Ibadan daga shekarar 1953 zuwa shekara ta 1958. Ya yi karatun Sakandare a Makarantar Soja ta Najeriya da ke Zaria daga shekarar 1962 zuwa shekara ta 1965, sannan ya fara aikin sojan Najeriya a matsayin jami’in soja a shekarar 1967 a Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya, Kaduna inda ya kammala a shekarar 1970.
Aikin soja
A matsayinsa na Laftanar lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya, sojojin Biafra sun kama shi a watan Agustan Shekara ta 1967, kuma an tsare shi har zuwa watan Janairu na shekarar 1970.
An nada Abdulkareem Adisa gwamnan soja a jihar Oyo a watan Agustan Shekarar 1990 a hannun shugaban kasa na mulkin soja, Janar Ibrahim Babangida, yana rike da mukamin har zuwa watan Janairun shekarar 1992. An fi tunawa da Gwamna Adisa da kalamansa na ‘Wane ne ya gina Gada’ wanda mutane da yawa suka yi amfani da shi wajen tantance matakin Gwamna kamar yadda ya kamata ya ce gada yadda kowamaimakon gada.Ya kasance gwamna 'babu maganar banza yan ƙasa suna girmama shi sosai.
Yayin da gwamnan jihar Oyo, Adisa ya gina wani mutum-mutumi na sojan da ba a san ko wanene ba a kofar gidan gwamnati, Ibadan. An lalata wannan mutum-mutumi tare da maye maimaico gurbinsa da wani mutum-mutumi na Obafemi Awolowo da Gwamna Lam Adesina ya yi. Mutum-mutumi na biyu ya ruguje ne kwanaki kadan bayan gwamna Gwamna Adeshina ya bar ofis.