cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Sojojin Indiya
Dubban mutanen Kashmir ne dai aka ruwaito jami'an tsaron Indiya sun ce jami'an tsaron Indiya sun kashe a gidan yari, da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da tilasta bacewarsu sannan an ce jami'an tsaron Indiya na aiwatar da wadannan take hakkin bil'adama ne ba tare da wani hukunci ba. An kashe fararen hula da suka hada da mata da yara a hare-haren "ramuwar gayya" da jami'an tsaron Indiya suka kai. Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na ƙasa da ƙasa, da ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun tattara bayanan cin zarafin bil’adama da suka hada da bacewar mutane, azabtarwa, da kisa ba bisa ka’ida ba a lokacin ayyukan yaki da ta’addanci na Indiya.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya ( ILC ) ƙungiya ce ta ƙwararrun masana da ke da alhakin taimakawa haɓakawa da tsara dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ta ƙunshi mutane Guda 34 da aka amince da su don ƙwarewa da cancantar su a cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, waɗanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNGA) ke zaɓar su duk bayan shekaru biyar.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Sojojin Indiya
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana matukar damuwarta kan yawan kashe-kashen da jami'an tsaron Indiya ke yi. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun kuma zargi jami'an tsaron Indiya da yin amfani da yara kanana sojoji, ko da yake gwamnatin Indiya ta musanta wannan zargi. Ya zuwa yanzu sama da mazauna 15,000, da rahotanni suka ce ciki har da matasa, sun shiga wadannan kungiyoyin kare kai. A taron Asiya-Pacific kan amfani da yara a matsayin sojoji a watan Mayun 2000 wakilin gwamnatin jihar Jammu da Kashmir sun musanta shigar yara a cikin VDCs. Ya ce ta yiwu an samu wasu lokuttan samarin samarin da suka dauki makamai domin kare kansu a harin, amma “babu wata manufa ta karfafa gwiwar yara maza su zama mambobin kwamitin tsaro na kauyen. azabtarwa, wanda majiyoyin tsaron Indiya ke amfani da shi sosai, wanda Amnesty International ta bayyana tsananinta da rashin fahimta, ita ce ta haddasa yawan mace-mace a gidan yari.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Tushen akidar ILC ya samo asali ne tun a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da Majalisar Vienna a Turai ta samar da ka'idoji na ƙasa da ƙasa da dama don daidaita halaye a tsakanin mambobinta. Bayan yunƙuri da yawa na haɓakawa da daidaita dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa a farkon karni na 20, UNGA ta kafa ILC a cikin shekara ta 1947 bisa ga Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wacce ke kira ga Majalisar don taimakawa haɓaka da tsara dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. Hukumar ta gudanar da zamanta na farko a shekara ta 1949, inda yakin duniya na biyu ya rinjayi aikinta na farko da kuma damuwar da ta biyo baya game da laifukan kasa da kasa kamar kisan kiyashi da ayyukan ta'addanci.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Sojojin Indiya
Jaridar The Telegraph, ta ruwaito rahoton WikiLeaks, ya nakalto kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta kasa da kasa (ICRC) cewa jami’an tsaron Indiya na cin zarafin wadanda ake tsare da su tare da duka, da wutar lantarki da kuma yin lalata da su. Wadannan fursunonin ba ’yan tawayen Islama ba ne ko kuma ’yan tada kayar bayan Pakistan, amma farar hula ne, sabanin yadda Indiya ke ci gaba da zargin Pakistan da hannu. Fursunonin sun kasance "suna da alaƙa da ko kuma suna da bayanai game da maharan". A cewar ICRC, 681 daga cikin fursunoni guda 1296 da ta yi hira da su sun yi ikirarin azabtar da su. An ambato jami'an Amurka suna ba da rahoton "binciken ta'addanci da kuma shari'o'in kotu sun dogara ne akan ikirari, yawancinsu ana samun su ne ta tursasa idan ba duka ba, barazana, ko kuma azabtarwa."
Amnesty International ta zargi jami'an tsaro da yin amfani da dokar hana wanzar da iko ta musamman na rundunar soji (AFSPA) da ke ba su damar "riƙe fursunoni ba tare da shari'a ba". Kungiyar ta ce dokar da ta baiwa jami'an tsaro damar tsare mutane har na tsawon shekaru biyu "ba tare da gabatar da tuhume-tuhume ba, da take hakkin fursunoni". Majiyar sojojin ta ci gaba da cewa "duk wani yunkuri na soke AFSPA a Jammu da Kashmir zai yi illa ga tsaron kwarin kuma zai ba da kwarin gwiwa ga 'yan ta'adda."
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Tun daga lokacin ILC ta gudanar da zaman shekara-shekara a ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke Geneva don tattaunawa da muhawara kan batutuwa daban-daban a cikin dokokin kasa da kasa da inganta ka'idojin shari'a na ƙasa da ƙasa. Ita ce ke da alhakin ci gaba da ginshiƙai da dama a cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, ciki har da Yarjejeniyar Vienna kan Dokar yarjejeniyoyin, wanda ya kafa tsarin ƙirƙira da fassara yarjejeniyoyin, da Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya, kotun dindindin ta farko da ke da alhakin yanke hukunci kan laifuka kamar kisan kiyashi da laifuka. a kan bil'adama.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Sojojin Indiya
Tsohon babban hafsan sojin Indiya Janar VK Singh ya yi watsi da zargin cewa ba a dauki matakin ba a lokuta da jami'an Sojoji ke cin zarafin bil'adama. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2010, ya ce an hukunta jami'an soji guda 104 a Jammu da Kashmir dangane da wannan batu, ciki har da jami'ai 39. Ya kuma ce kashi 95 cikin 100 na zarge-zargen cin zarafin bil-Adama da ake yi wa Sojojin Indiya an tabbatar da su karya ne, wanda ya ce da alama an yi su ne da "babban manufar bata wa sojojin kasar zagon kasa". Da yake karin bayani, ya ce: '' Tun daga shekara ta 1994, an samu zarge-zarge 988 kan sojojin a Jammu da Kashmir. A cikin wadannan, an bincika kararraki 965 inda aka gano 940 ba gaskiya ba ne, wanda ya kai kashi 95.2%, ya rage 25 na gaskiya.' Sai dai kuma a cewar ƙungiyar kare Haƙƙin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch, kotunan soji a Indiya gaba daya, an tabbatar da cewa ba su da kwarewa wajen tunkarar wasu munanan laifuka na take hakkin dan Adam kuma suna da alhakin boye shaida da kuma kare jami'an da abin ya shafa. Amnesty International a cikin rahotonta na 2015, mai taken "An ƙaryata" - gazawar da aka samu a Jammu da Kashmir, ta ce, "... dangane da bincike, binciken da wannan hukuma ta gudanar ya haifar da manyan tambayoyi game da batun. 'yancin kai da rashin son kai na wadancan shari'o'in", ya kara da cewa bisa ga dokar kasa da kasa, wata hukuma mai zaman kanta da ba ta da hannu a cikin laifukan da ake zargin dole ne ta binciki irin wadannan laifuka.
China a Paralympics
Kasar Sin ta fara fafatawa a wasannin naƙasassu a shekarar 1984, a wasannin bazara a birnin New York na Amurka da Stoke Mandeville, Birtaniya. Tun bayan wasannin Athens, kasar Sin ta hau kan teburin lambar yabo a duk wasannin naƙasassu na bazara. Duk da cewa ta yi gasa a kowane Wasannin hunturu tun daga Salt Lake City a shekarar 2002, China ba ta ci lambar yabo ɗaya ba har sai a Gasar Wasannin Paralympics ta shekara ta 2018, inda kuma China ta lashe lambar zinare ta farko har ma da lambar farko a gasar curling wheelchair.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Asalin
An yi ƙoƙari da yawa a cikin tarihi don tsara dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. An fara aikin da ya kai ga Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya a cikin kudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta alif 1924, wanda ya kafa Kwamitin Kwararru na Ci gaba na Dokar Kasa da Kasa, wanda ya kunshi mambobi 17, don manufar bayar da shawarwari game da batutuwan da ake buƙata a magance su a cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma matakan da ake son cimmawa. Aikin kwamitin ya kai ga taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na shekarar 1930, wanda ya shafi batutuwan da suka shafi dokokin ƙasa, ruwan yanki da alhakin jihar na lalacewa da aka yi wa ƴan ƙasashen waje.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Sojojin Indiya
A cikin ayoyin da suka biyo baya a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2013 da Janar VK Singh ya yi, ya ce 'yan siyasar Jammu da Kashmir suna samun tallafi daga ma'aikatar sirri ta Sojoji don kwantar da hankalin jama'a kuma wannan aikin yana nan tun bayan rabuwar.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Asalin
Yawancin ra'ayoyi na taron shekara ta 1930 an amince da su a cikin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, wacce ta kafa kungiyar da za ta gaji ƙungiyar. Mataki na 13, sakin layi na 1 a cikinsa yana cewa:"1. Babban taron zai fara nazari tare da ba da shawarwari don manufar: a. ... ƙarfafa ci gaba na ci gaban dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa da tsarinta."Bisa ga wannan tanadi, a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta alif 1946, babban taron ya zartas da kuduri mai lamba 94, wanda ya yi kira da a kafa kwamitin kwararru kan harkokin shari'a don ba da shawarwari ga babban sakataren MDD kan hanyoyin da babban taron zai iya karfafa ci gaban dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. da codification. Kwamitin ƙwararrun ya ƙunshi mambobi 17 kuma ya yi taro daga ranar 12 ga watan Mayun, zuwa ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta alif 1947. Ya ba da shawarar kafa kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na dindindin don inganta waɗannan manufofin.
China a Paralympics
Lambobi da yawa a Wasanni guda
Wannan jerin sunayen ƴan wasan Sinawa ne da suka lashe lambobin zinare aƙalla biyu a Wasanni ɗaya. An ba da odar ta musamman ta lambobin zinare da aka samu, wasanni sannan shekara.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Asalin
A ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif 1947, babban taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya zartas da ƙuduri mai lamba 174, wanda ya tanadi samar da "Hukumar Shari'a ta kasa da kasa" domin cika wajiban da ke cikin kundin. A kan kudurin an makala ka'idar hukumar, wacce ta bayyana manufofinta kamar haka:
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Sojojin Indiya
Sojojin Indiya na Rajputana Rifles na 4 a ranar 23 ga Fabrairun 1991 sun kaddamar da farmakin neman mayakan a wani kauye Kunan Poshpora, a gundumar Kupwara a Jammu da Kashmir kuma bayan haka ne mazauna yankin suka tuhume su da laifin yi wa mata guda 23 fyaɗe. Bayan haka, an rubuta hirarrakin da abin ya shafa da kuma shaidun gani da ido a cikin wani gajeren fim na Tekun Hawaye da aka hana watsawa. Duk da haka, kwamitin Indiya wanda ya jagoranci bincike mai zurfi ya yanke shawarar cewa zarge-zargen "an yi karin gishiri sosai" kuma labarin fyade na Kunan "babban yaudara ne da kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga da masu goyon bayansu da masu ba da shawara a Kashmir da kuma ƙasashen waje suka shirya. dabarun yaƙin tunani da kuma matsayin hanyar shiga don sake rubuta Kashmir kan ajanda ta ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin batun kare Haƙƙin ɗan adam." Duk da haka, ƙungiyoyin kare Haƙƙin bil'adama ciki har da Human Rights Watch sun ruwaito cewa adadin matan da aka yi wa fyaɗe zai iya kaiwa 100. Sojojin Indiya sun kuma cutar da tsarin kiwon lafiya a cikin kwarin. Manyan asibitocin yankin Kashmir sun fuskanci murkushe tashe-tashen hankula, har ma sojojin kasar sun shiga gidajen wasan kwaikwayo domin neman masu tada kayar baya.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Asalin
An yi bayanin hanyoyin aiki na Hukumar a cikin labarai na 16-26.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Jami'an tsaron kan iyaka
A ranar 22 ga Oktoban shekara ta 1993, Bataliya ta 13 ta Jami'an tsaron kan iyaka an zargi ta da harbin kan mai uwa da wabi tare da kashe fararen hula 37 a Bijbehara Adadin wadanda suka mutu da jikkata sun sha banban ta majiya mai tushe. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International ta ce akalla mutane 51 ne suka mutu sannan wasu 200 suka jikkata a wannan rana.
Gwamnatin Indiya ta gudanar da bincike biyu a hukumance sannan Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Indiya (NHRC) ta gudanar da na uku. A cikin Maris 1994 gwamnati ta tuhumi Rundunar Tsaron Kan iyaka (BSF) da harbi a cikin taron "ba tare da tsokana ba" tare da tuhumar jami'an BSF 13 da kisan kai. A wani lamari da ya faru a Handwara a ranar 25 ga Janairun shekara ta 1990, ƙungiyar guda ta kashe masu zanga-zanga 9.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Hanyoyin aiki na ILC
Ya ƙunshi mambobi 34 (asali 15) waɗanda duk dole ne su kasance ƙwararru a kan dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, waɗanda babban taron Majalisar ya zaɓe su a matsayin daga jerin sunayen 'yan takarar da gwamnatocin ƙasashe membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka gabatar. Membobi suna aiki ne a matsayin daidaikun mutane ba a matsayin jami'an da ke wakiltar jihohinsu ba.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Rundunar 'yan sanda ta tsakiya
A yayin rikicin mika mulki na Amarnath fiye da masu zanga-zangar 40 da ba su ɗauke da makami jami'an 'yan sanda na Central Reserve sun kashe. An sake maimaita irin wannan al'ada ta ma'aikatan Rundunar 'Yan Sanda ta Tsakiya, a lokacin rikicin Kashmir na 2010, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 112, ciki har da matasa masu zanga-zangar matasa a lokuta daban-daban.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Hanyoyin aiki na ILC
Wani wurin aiki ga hukumar a cikin tsara ƙa'idodin dokokin duniya shine lokacin da babban taron ya buƙaci yin hakan. A wannan yanayin, hukumar ta nada daya daga cikin mambobinta a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na musamman kan wannan batu kuma ta shirya shirin aiki game da batun da ake magana akai. An bukaci gwamnatoci da su mika wa hukumar ra'ayoyinsu a rubuce kan batun da ake magana a kai, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin shirin aiki. Daga nan sai wakilin ya rubuta rahoton shawarwarinsa kan batun da ake tattaunawa kuma dole ne sauran kwamitin da kuma babban sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya su amince da rahoton kafin ya zama takardar hukumar. Daga nan ne hukumar ta sake duba rahoton bayan samun karin rubuce-rubucen ra’ayoyin gwamnatoci, kuma ana mika rahoton ga babban zauren Majalisar domin amincewa.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Musamman
An tayar da Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Musamman a cikin shekara ta 1994 don yaki da ta'addanci. Rundunar sa kai, wanda ya kunshi 'yan sanda da 'yan sanda daga Jammu da Kashmir' yan sanda. Ana zargin kungiyar da azabtarwa da kuma kisan gilla. Wani babban Sufeto na wannan kungiya da mataimakinsa na daga cikin mutane 11 da aka yankewa hukunci bisa laifin yin arangama ta bogi, wanda ya kashe wani kafinta na yankin, kuma aka yi masa lakabi da ‘yan bindiga domin samun karin girma da kuma karama.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Hanyoyin aiki na ILC
Wani wurin da za a yi aiki shi ne lokacin da hukumar ta bukaci ko dai ta gwamnati ko wata kungiya ko kuma wata hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta tsara shawarwarin tarukan kasa da kasa kan batutuwa daban-daban. Idan haka ne, hukumar ta tsara tsarin aiki tare da samun rubutaccen ra'ayi daga gwamnatoci kan batun da ake magana a kai. Ana kuma mika daftarin karshe ga babban taron.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Dokar Sojoji na Musamman, 1958
A cikin Satumba 1990 an kafa dokar Sojoji (Masu iko na musamman) a Jammu da Kashmir bayan wucewa a majalisar dokokin Indiya don magance tashin hankalin Kashmir. Kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Amnesty ta yi ikirarin cewa hukumomi na musamman a karkashin (AFSPA) suna ba wa jami'an tsaro kariya daga zargin cin zarafi da aka yi, tare da yin Allah wadai da shi. Babban jami'in kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Navanethem Pillay ya bukaci Indiya da ta soke AFSPA kuma ta binciki bacewar Kashmir.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Hanyoyin aiki na ILC
Hakanan hukumar tana aiki ba tare da buƙatun waje ba ta hanyar aikinta na yau da kullun na yin la'akari da tambayoyin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. Hakanan a cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana ƙaddamar da duk shawarwarin ayyuka ga Babban Taro don amincewa ta ƙarshe. Tattaunawar hukumar mai zaman kanta kan yi ta ne a zamanta na shekara-shekara.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Kisan kiyashi
Kisan Gawakadal : A ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1990, sojojin CRPF sun kashe fararen hula 51 a lokacin zanga-zangar nuna adawa da farmakin farko da sojojin CRPF suka yi na kame da cin zarafin mata.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Taro na shekara-shekara na hukumar
Babban aikin hukumar tun lokacin da aka kafa shi shi ne zamanta na shekara, tun daga shekarar 1949. Da farko dai ana gudanar da harkokin wa]annan zaman ne a cikin takardan rubutu, kuma ba a samu ga jama'a ba, amma a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, 1955, babban taron ya zartas da kuduri mai lamba 987, wanda ya bukaci a fitar da takaitaccen bayani kan yadda wadannan tarurrukan suka gudana a kasar. Littafin shekara na musamman da aka keɓe don wannan dalili, kuma wannan ne domin a samar da bayanan ga jama’a da gwamnatoci. A zaman na 1, an buga shari’o’i a cikin juzu’i guda, amma tun daga zama na 2, an buga shari’ar a cikin juzu’i biyu – na farko mai dauke da takaitattun shawarwari da kuma na biyu dauke da takardu da aka karɓe a wancan zaman.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Kisan kiyashi
A shekara ta 2010 an ba da rahoton bacewar wasu mutane uku daga cikin wadannan rahotannin da suka bace an kashe wasu mutane 3 da suka yi ikirarin cewa mayakan ne a wani artabu da aka yi da sojojin kuma sun ce sun gano kudin Pakistan a cikin wadanda suka mutu. Daga nan ne aka dakatar da Manjo kuma wani babban soja daga mukaminsa. A shekara ta 2011, 'yan sandan Kashmir sun tuhumi wani jami'in 'yan sanda na musamman da wani sojan Indiya Jawan bisa laifin kisan wani farar hula da su biyun suka kashe a wata ganawa da suka yi da cewa shi babban dan gwagwarmayar Lashkar-e-Taiba ne.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Taro na shekara-shekara na hukumar
A farkon kowane zama hukumar za ta zabi daya daga cikin mambobinta da zai zama shugabanta har zuwa zama na gaba.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Kisan kiyashi
An yi Allah-wadai da tashin hankalin da ake yi wa Pandits na Kashmir kuma an yi masa lakabi da tsarkake kabilanci a cikin kudurin 2006 da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar. An bayyana cewa, a shekarar 1989 ne mahara suka kutsa kai cikin yankin inda suka fara wani gangamin kawar da kabilanci domin mayar da yankin Kashmir zuwa kasar musulmi. Dangane da haka, yawan mutanen Kashmir Pandits a Kashmir sun ragu daga 400,000 a 1989 zuwa 4,000 a 2011. Masanin tarihi Mrdu Rai ya ce irin wannan adadi mai yawa ba sahihanci ne saboda jimlar Pandit na Kashmir ya kasance 160,000 zuwa 170,000 ne kawai a lokacin tafiyarsu.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Zama na 1, 1949
Babban taron ne ya shirya ajanda don zama na farko a tsawon 1947-1948. A cikin kuduri mai lamba 177 (Nuwamba 21, 1947), Majalisar ta tuhumi hukumar da tsara ka'idoji bisa hukuncin kotun Nuremberg da kuma tsara sabon kundin laifuffuka ga zaman lafiyar 'yan Adam. Kudiri mai lamba 178 (na wannan rana) ya tuhumi hukumar da shirya takarda kan hakki da ayyukan jihohi a cikin dokokin kasa da kasa. Shawarar 260 (Disamba 9, 1948) ta umurci hukumar da ta yi la'akari da kafa kotunan laifuka a cikin Kotun Duniya, don gurfanar da shugabannin siyasa da laifukan cin zarafin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Kisan kiyashi
Hukumar leken asiri ta CIA ta sanar da cewa kusan mutane 506,000 ne, kusan rabinsu Pandit Hindu ne suka rasa matsugunansu sakamakon rikicin. Hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi rahoton cewa akwai kusan 1.5 Miliyoyin 'yan gudun hijira daga yankin Kashmir da ke karkashin ikon Indiya, yawancinsu sun isa Pakistan ne a yankin Kashmir da Pakistan bayan da lamarin ya yi kamari a bangaren Indiya a rikicin 1989.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Zama na 1, 1949
An gudanar da zaɓen mambobin kwamitin 15 na Babban Taro a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1948.
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Kisan kiyashi
Bayan 1989, Kashmiri Pandits da sauran tsirarun kungiyoyin a Jammu da Kashmir sun kasance hare-hare na abubuwan jihadi wanda Indiya ta zarge su kuma ta zargi Hukumar leken asiri ta Inter-Services. Kashmir Pandits, al'ummar Hindu Brahmins, sannan wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 5% na al'ummar jihar sune farkon hare-haren masu fafutukar Islama, waɗanda kuma suka nemi kawar da rikodin Kashmir na shekaru 5000 na al'adun Hindu Sanskrit da malanta tare da masu haƙuri. al'adu daban-daban na 'yan asalin da ake kira Kashmiriyat. Kimanin 'yan bindigar Kashmir 170,000 ne aka kiyasta sun tsere daga jihar saboda hare-haren da kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga suka yi musu. A cikin 1989, hare-haren da ake kaiwa Pandits ya ta'azzara kuma 'yan sandan musulmi suka zaba, suka yi musu fyade, azabtarwa da kashe Pandit na Kashmir, sun kona haikalinsu, gumakansu da littattafai masu tsarki. ‘Yan fashin sun gudu da jama’a daga jihar bayan da ‘yan bindiga suka kona gidajensu tare da lalata masu zane-zane da sassakakensu.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Zama na 1, 1949
An gudanar da zama na 1 na hukumar a Lake Success, New York, Amurka, daga 12 ga Afrilu zuwa 9 ga Yuni, 1949. Ajandar zaman ta kunshi abubuwa guda shida:
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Kisan kiyashi
A watan Agustan shekara ta 2000, ƙungiyoyin tsageru sun kashe mahajjata Hindu 30 a wani abin da aka fi sani da kisan kiyashin da aka yi na hajjin Amarnath na shekara ta 2000. Gwamnatin Indiya ta zargi Lashkar-e-Taiba da laifin kisan. BBC ta rubuta cewa "daruruwan ma'aikatan Hindu sun bar kwarin Kashmir" a watan Agustan 2000 saboda kashe-kashen da aka yi wa ma'aikatan Hindu.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Zama na 1, 1949
A taron farko da aka yi, an zaɓi mamban hukumar ta Amurka Manley O. Hudson a matsayin shugaban hukumar na tsawon wannan lokaci, yayin da dan tarayyar Soviet Vladimir Koretsky aka zabi mataimakin shugaban farko, kuma dan Indiya Benegal Rau ya zama mataimakin shugaba na biyu.
A yayin wannan zama dai an samu sabani tsakanin mambobin kwamitin kan ko hukumar na da damar shigar da wani batu a ajandarta ba tare da amincewar babban taron ba. A kan wannan batu, hukumar ta yanke shawarar cewa ta cancanci yin hakan, ta hanyar kuri'a 10 zuwa 3.
Dangane da batutuwan da za a sanya a cikin ajandar tsara dokokin kasa da kasa, hukumar ta yanke shawarar fara aiki kan wasu batutuwa masu iyaka da farko. Don haka ne aka yanke shawarar cire batun dokokin yaki a lokacin tattaunawar hukumar. An ba da fifiko mafi girma ga batutuwan dokar yarjejeniyoyin, sasantawa, da tsarin mulki na teku, kuma an zaɓi masu aiko da rahotanni daidai da haka.
Wani batu da ake tattaunawa a kai shi ne bayyana hakki da ayyukan jihohi. An yanke shawarar cire batun haƙƙin mafaka daga cikin daftarin da aka tsara, kuma a ci gaba da tattaunawa kan lamarin a zama na 2.
Sauran batutuwan da aka dage zuwa zama na 2 sune Kamar haka::
Hukumar ta amince da daftarin Sanarwa kan Hakkoki da Ayyuka na Jihohi, wanda ita ce babbar takardar doka da aka amince da ita a wancan zaman. Babban ɓangare na aikin a kan wannan batu ya yi da wakilin Panama Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jovane. An mika daftarin sanarwar ga babban taron don ci gaba da tattaunawa, amma a kudurinta mai lamba 596 na ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1951, Majalisar ta yanke shawarar dage wata tattaunawa kan takardar.
Hukumar ta kuma yanke shawarar lokaci da wurin da za a gudanar da zama na 2. An yanke shawarar gudanar da shi a Geneva, daga watan Mayun shekara ta 1950, na tsawon makonni 10.
Zama na 2, 1950
Rikicin Gabas-Yamma da ya haifar da yakin cacar baka ya rinjayi gudanar da zama na 2. Tuni a taron farko na wancan zama, Koretsky memba na Tarayyar Soviet ya nuna rashin amincewarsa da cewa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ba ta da wakilci a cikin kwamitin, yana mai da'awar cewa ita ce wakilan jama'ar Sinawa ba jamhuriyar Sin ba, wadda a yanzu take mulki a Taiwan kawai. Ya bukaci a maye gurbin dan ƙasar China na hukumar da wani mamba daga babban yankin ƙasar Sin. Shugaban hukumar Scelle ya yi adawa da bukatar Soviet, yana mai da'awar cewa kowane memba yana wakiltar ra'ayinsa na shari'a maimakon kowane matsayi na gwamnati. Hukumar ta amince da matsayin Hudson da kuri'u 10 zuwa 1, kuma Koretsky a cikin zanga-zangar ya bar zaman ba tare da halartar wani taro ba. A ranar 8 ga watan Yuni ne aka gabatar da wata wasiƙar nuna rashin amincewa da wakilcin yankin Taiwan a hukumar ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, amma ba a dauki wani mataki kan hakan ba.
Zama na 4, 1952
An gudanar da zama na 48 a birnin Geneva daga ranar 6 ga watan Mayu zuwa 26 ga Yuli, 1996.
Yawancin zaman dai an sadaukar da shi ne kan batun tsarin sasantawa, wanda hukumar ta zartas da daftarin farko, wanda ya ƙunshi batutuwa 32.
Zama na 5, 1953
Kamar yadda aka yi a taron buɗe taro na 2, haka kuma a wannan zama, wakilin Tarayyar Soviet Feodor I. Kozhevnikov ya bukaci da a kori wakilin Taiwan tare da nada wakilin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin a madadinsa. A wannan karon kuma an ki amincewa da wannan kudiri, amma memban Tarayyar Soviet bai fita a zaman ba kamar yadda aka yi a shekara ta 1950.
Nasarorin da aka samu
Ayyukan Hukumar Dokokin Duniya sun haifar da ƙirƙirar yarjejeniyoyin da dama da sauran ayyukan dokokin duniya waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsarin shari'a na duniya na yanzu (duba gabaɗaya ), misali:
Cin zarafin bil'adama a Jammu da Kashmir
Kisan kiyashi
Sauran tsiraru irin su Sikh na Kashmir su ma an kai hari. A cewar Chitkara, kisan da aka yi wa mabiya addinin Sikh a kusa da Anantnag a shekara ta 2001, da mayakan Jihadi suka yi, na da nufin kawar da kabilanci ne. 'Yan Hindu sun yi hijira daga mafi yawan kwarin Kashmir, 'yan Sikh wadanda ke da kaso kadan za a iya tilasta musu yin hijira sakamakon irin wadannan kashe-kashe. Gwamnatin Indiya ta zargi kungiyar Lashkar-e-Taiba da laifin kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Chittisinghpura, wanda ya kashe mabiya addinin Sikh 36 a lokacin ziyarar Clinton a Indiya. A cikin 2010, abokin Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) David Headley, wanda aka kama shi da hannu a harin Mumbai na 2008, ya shaida wa Hukumar Bincike ta Kasa cewa LeT ta yi kisan kiyashin Chittisinghpura.
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya
Suka
Daya daga cikin matsalolin da suka shafi aikin hukumar shi ne yadda gwamnatocin za su yi watsi da shawarar da ta yanke da kuma kauracewa karbar shawarwarin da ta bayar a lokacin da suke tsara manyan tarurruka. A taro na 63 da aka yi a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1950, shugaba Georges Scelle ya koka da yadda gwamnatoci suka yi watsi da tambayoyin da hukumar ta yi musu saboda rashin sha’awar aikinta.
Wani suka da aka yi ta yi game da ayyukan hukumar ita ce, takaitaccen zamanta na shekara-shekara (makwanni 10 zuwa 12) ba ya ba da damar yin nazari sosai kan matsalolin da ake tattaunawa. Tuni a taron 83 na hukumar, wanda aka yi a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1951, dan kwamitin Georges Scelle, ya ba da shawarar hanyar da za a iya gyara matsalar ita ce ta hanyar yin kwaskwarima ga hukumar ta yadda za ta rika yawan haduwa kuma a duk lokacin da Sakatare Janar ya so.
Wani zargi da aka yi tun a farkon tarihin hukumar ya fito ne daga wakilin Colombia Jose Maria Yepes cewa hukumar ta kaurace wa tsara ka'idoji kan sabbin batutuwa don haka ta nuna kanta a matsayin wanda bai dace ba.
Laburaren Diocesan Na Tunisiya
Laburare na Diocesan na Tunis (المكتبة الأسقفية بتونس) ɗakin karatu ne dake cikin Tunis. Archdiocese na Tunis ne ke gudanar da shi kuma ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar addini, wanda ya mai da hankali kan sauƙaƙe tattaunawa tsakanin addinai da al'adu.
Wuri
Laburare yana kan Sidi Saber (سيدي صابر ) Titin, inda ya mamaye ginshiƙi na tsohuwar makarantar Katolika da Sisters of St. Joseph na Apparition ke sarrafa su.
Tarihi
Bayan rufe Sisters na St. Joseph na makarantar Apparition a shekarar 1999, Archbishop na Tunis Fouad Twal ya ba wa mahaifin Francisco Donayre aikin samar da ɗakin karatu. Bayan an maido da ginin, ɗakin karatu ya buɗe a watan Janairun shekarar 2001.
(Collections) Tarin
Laburaren yana da juzu'ai sama da 50,000 da aka mayar da hankali kan kwatankwacin addini, al'adun Tunisiya da ilimin zamantakewa, tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yau.
Tarin ya haɗa da littattafai daga tsohuwar Babbar Makarantar Koli ta Tunis, wadda aka rufe a shekarar 1964, da kuma tarin abbot Jean-Marie Guillemaud.
Laburaren ya ƙunshi littattafai a cikin Larabci, harsunan Turai da dama, da tsoffin harsuna kamar Girkanci, Latin, da Ibrananci. Akwai kuma tarin adabin Faransanci na gargajiya.
Ƙungiyoyi da haɗin gwiwa
Ƙungiya ta Faransa mai suna Partnership Tsakanin Al'adun Bahar Rum, dake Aurillac, Faransa, tana tallafawa ɗakin karatu. The Tunisiya Association of Cartagena cooperates akai-akai tare da library don tsara daban-daban zamantakewa da al'adu ayyukan, kuma yana da lamba tare da Carthage Studies Center da Cibiyar Larabawa ta Adabi a Tunis.
Jabir Jubran Al Fayfi
Jabir Jubran Al Fayfi (kuma Jabir Jibran Al Fay fi da Jaber Jabran Ali Al-Fayfee da Jaber Al-Fifi; an haife shi a 1975 a Ta'if, Saudi Arabia) ɗan ƙasar Saudi Arabia ne wanda aka tsare shi a sansanin tsare-tsare na Amurka Guantánamo Bay, a Cuba kan zargin da ya horar da ya yi yaƙi da al-Qaeda da Taliban a Afghanistan a shekara ta 2001.
An mayar da Al Fayfi zuwa hannun Saudiyya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006, kuma ya kammala shirin farfadowa. Duk da haka ya shiga al-Qaeda a Yemen kuma ya kasance a Yemen na tsawon shekaru biyu, inda ya tashi ya zama daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin al-Qaida a yankin Larabawa. A watan Satumbar 2010, ya mika wuya ga Saudi Arabia, kuma a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2010, an ruwaito cewa ya ba da bayanai da suka taimaka wajen hana shirin bam din jirgin sama na 2010.
Ayyuka
Al-Faifi ya girma a Taif kuma ya sami takardar shaidar bayan kammala watanni 18 a cikin Kamfanin Horar da Fasaha da Kwarewa. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 22 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaro a gidan yarin Taif sannan aka tura shi kurkuku a Jeddah. Al-Faifi ya ce game da tafiyarsa, "Na koma Jeddah saboda ina so in shiga kulob din Al-Ahli. Na kasance ina buga kwallon kafa ga ƙungiyar kurkuku a Taif. Abokina ya ba da shawarar in koma aiki a Jeddah don in kasance kusa da kulob din wanda zan iya shiga kuma in ci gaba da aiki. Koyaya, lokacin da na koma Jeddah, na gano cewa lokacin yin rajistar sabbin 'yan wasa ya ƙare. An kore shi daga aikinsa a kurkuku bayan ya sami gargadi da yawa saboda ya makara. Ya koma Taif kuma bai iya samun aiki ba kuma ya kasance ba tare da aiki ba har tsawon shekaru hudu.
A wannan lokacin ne al-Faifi ya fara shiga cikin 'yan ta'adda. Ya fara fita tare da "abokai kowace rana don tserewa daga matsin lamba na yau da kullun na neman aiki". Da farko ya jagoranci "rayuwar daji", amma daga bisani ya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya har ya hana 'yan uwansa kallon talabijin. Ya saurari laccoci da aka ɗauka game da batun Jihad sannan ya ce "yana jin kamar shiga ƙungiyar jihad". Ya shafe watanni tara masu zuwa tare da ƙungiyar abokai waɗanda suka nuna masa bidiyon ayyukan yaƙi a Chechnya. Ɗaya daga cikin abokansa ya shirya al-Faiafi ya yi tafiya zuwa Afghanistan ta hanyar Qatar sannan Pakistan yayin da iyalinsa suka yi tunanin cewa ya tafi Lardin Gabas don aiki.
Al-Faifi ya ce bai ji labarin al-Qaeda ba a wancan lokacin, kuma yana son ya horar da makamai ne kawai sannan ya shiga kungiyar Taliban ko kuma ya tafi Chechnya. Ya kasance a Afghanistan tsawon watanni tara lokacin da aka kai harin 11 ga Satumba. Ya ce da farko ya yi tunanin hare-haren na China ne, sannan ya ji cewa kungiyar Jihadi ce ke da alhakin kai harin. Bayan 11 ga Satumba, ya bayyana al-Qaeda a matsayin "kunno kai," a lokacin da ya koma arewacin Afganistan don yakar 'yan tawayen Arewa da sojojin Amurka. Ya ci gaba da zama a can har na tsawon wata guda har zuwa lokacin da dakarun hadin gwiwa suka kai harin bam a birnin Kabul, sannan ya koma Tora Bora da farko Jalalabad.
Bayan watan Ramadan a shekara ta 2001, al-Faifi da kimanin wasu mayakan 300 da suka gaji kuma suka firgita, galibi 'yan Saudiyya, sun yi tafiya na kwana hudu zuwa iyakar Pakistan inda suka mika wuya ga kabilun yankin da ke fatan a mayar da su ga gwamnatocin gida. Maimakon haka, an "sayar" da mayakan ga Amurkawa kafin a tura su zuwa Guantánamo.
Adon Gomis
Adon Gomis (an haife shi a shekara ta 1992) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyar Dunkerque ta Faransa da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Guinea-Bissau. An haife shi a Faransa, yana buga wa tawagar kasar Guinea-Bissau wasa.
Aikin kulob/Kungiya
Gomis ya fara taka leda tare da Dunkerque a gasar Ligue 2 da suka doke Toulouse FC da ci 1-0 a ranar 22 ga Agusta 2020.
Ayyukan kasa
An haife shi a Faransa, Gomis dan asalin Senegal ne da kuma Bissau-Guinean. Ya yi wasa a Guinea-Bissau a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Equatorial Guinea da ci 3-0 a ranar 23 ga watan Maris 2022.
Ghazali Shafi
Tun Muhammad Ghazali bin Shafie (Jawi; 22 Maris 1922- 24 ga watan Janairu 2010) ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne kuma ɗan diflomasiyya. Ya yi aiki a karkashin gwamnatocin Firayim Ministoci hudu, musamman a matsayin Ministan Cikin Gida da Harkokin Waje daga 1973 zuwa 1984.
Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ghazali a shekara ta 1922 a Kuala Lipis, Pahang. Ya fito ne daga zuriyar Minangkabau daga Rao, West Sumatra. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na juriya ta sirri ga mamayar Japan a Malaya a yakin duniya na biyu. Daga nan ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Wales da Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London.
A lokacin gaggawa na Malayan, Ghazali ya goyi bayan yunkurin sojojin Burtaniya na murkushe wani tashin hankali na neman 'yancin kai karkashin jagorancin Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), reshen makamai na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Malayan (MCP). A rubuce-rubuce a cikin jaridar The Times, Ghazali a bayyane ya goyi bayan kisan kai da nunawa gawarwakin mutanen da ake zargi da kasancewa mambobin MNLA.
Bayan aiki a aikin gwamnati, Ghazali ya shiga siyasa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Cikin Gida da Bayanai daga shekarun 1973 zuwa 1981, sannan aka nada shi a matsayin Minista na Harkokin Waje har zuwa shekara ta 1984. Ya wakilci kujerar majalisar dokokin Lipis daga shekara ta 1974, kafin ya kasance memba na Dewan Negara (babban gidan majalisa). A matsayinsa na Ministan Harkokin Waje, an san shi da rawar da ya taka a diflomasiyyar ASEAN game da rikici a Cambodia. An bayyana shi a matsayin "dan siyasa mai ban sha'awa", sunansa na lakabi shine "Sarkin Ghaz".
A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1982, Ghazali ya tsira daga hadarin jirgin sama inda ya kasance matukin jirgi. An kashe mai tsaronsa da mataimakinsa. Akwai rahotanni (alal misali a cikin New York Times) cewa an kashe Ghazali a hadarin. Wani mai binciken shari'a daga baya ya zargi hadarin da abin da mai binciken ya gano cewa shi ne rashin kulawar Ghazali.
Bayan ya bar siyasa, ya rike mukamai da yawa a bangaren kamfanoni da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa.
Ghazali ya mutu a ranar 24 ga watan Janairun 2010 da karfe 7.45 na yamma, a gidansa a Subang Jaya. Matarsa, Toh Puan Khatijah Abdul Majid, ta mutu a watan Afrilun 2008. 'Ya'yansa maza biyu, Bachtiar da Sheriffudin sun mutu. An binne shi a Makam Pahlawan, Masjid Negara, Kuala Lumpur.
Manazarta
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Agenor Báez
Agenor de Jesús Báez Cano (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba shelara ta 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Nicaragua wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga Managua. Shi dan kasar Nicaragua ne.
Sana'a
Shi dan Somoto ne.
Báez ya fara aikinsa tare da Nicaragua gefen Real Madrid.
A cikin shekara ta 2019, ya gwada ƙungiyar a cikin rukuni na biyu na Maltese.
A cikin shekara ta 2017, ya sanya hannu kan Managua.
A cikin shekara ta 2020, ya sabunta kwangila tare da Managua.
Manazarta
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Khaldounia
Madrasa Al Khaldounia ko kuma a sauƙaƙe Khaldounia (الخلدونية) ita ce makarantar zamani ta farko da aka kafa ta a Tunisiya a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, 1896.
Madrasa misali ne mai kyau na dimokuradiyya, kamar yadda aka zaɓi dukkan membobinta da shugabanninta. Cibiyar ce ta kyauta, ta jama'a kuma ba ta da laic. Shekaru, tana buga bita akai-akai don sauƙaƙe musayar Franco-Tunisiya.
A zamanin yau, ɗakin karatu ne na harsuna biyu da ke haɗe da Laburaren Ƙasa na Tunisiya.
Tarihi
Khaldounia an kafa shi ne ta hanyar Young Tunisians karkashin jagorancin Bechir Sfar, wanda ke da nufin yada ilimin kimiyya a cikin al'adun Larabci. Ya sami goyon bayan René Millet, babban mazaunin Faransa a Tunisiya wanda ke da alhakin rubuta matsayin madrasa wanda ya keɓance tattaunawar siyasa da addini kuma ya jaddada mahimmancin tunani (Critical thinking).
Laburaren Ƙasa Na Tunisiya
Laburaren ƙasa na Tunisiya (Larabci: المكتبة الوطنية التونسية ) shine ɗakin karatu na haƙƙin mallaka na doka na Tunisiya. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1885, wanda aka fi sani da Laburare na Faransa, sannan kuma ɗakin karatu na Jama'a. Gwamnatin Tunisiya ta ware kasafin Dinari miliyan 28 don gina sabon ginin ɗakin karatu, kuma a shekara ta 2005 an mayar da ɗakin karatu wurin. Laburaren yana da tsayin mita 70 kuma ya kunshi benaye 14 yana daya daga cikin manyan gine-gine a kasar Tunisiya kuma daya daga cikin gine-ginen da aka fi sani da tsarin Musulunci a kasar Tunisia.
Tarihi
An kafa wannan ɗakin karatu a cikin shekarar 1885, ana kiran wannan ɗakin karatu na Faransanci. Sunanta na yanzu tun daga farkon samun 'yancin kai na Tunisiya. A cikin shekarar 2005, an sake komawa wurin da yake yanzu, Boulevard 9 avril, kusa da National Archives na Tunisia da wasu manyan cibiyoyi kamar Faculty of Social and Human Sciences.
Gyöngyi Dani
Gyöngyi Dani (an haife ta 3 ga Yuli 1975) 'yar ƙasar Hungary ce mai tsaron keken guragu wacce ta ci lambobin azurfa a wasannin nakasassu da yawa. Ita ce mai rike da tutar kasar Hungary yayin bikin bude wasannin nakasassu na bazara na shekarar 2020 da aka dage a Tokyo. Ta dawo da kyautar tagulla.
Rayuwa
An haifi Dani a Kaposvar a shekara ta 1975. Ta yi hatsari sa’ad da take ’yar shekara 16, wanda ya sa ta samu rauni a kashin bayanta. Ta fara wasan motsa jiki don saduwa da mutane.
Ta kasance a gasar Paralympics na 2008 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar wasan shinge na Hungary da ke fafatawa a cikin epée na mata da foil.
Ta doke 'yar wasan Burtaniya Justine Moore a gasar Epée Category B na mata kafin ta dauki lambar azurfa. Wasan ya gudana ne a filin wasa na Excel Arena dake birnin Landan.
A cikin Janairu 2022 tawagar wasan wasan keken hannu na Dani, Zsuzsanna Krajnyák, Dr. Boglárka Mező Madarászné da Éva Hajmási sun kasance "mafi kyawun ƙungiyar nakasassu na shekara" ta Hungary.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Dani ta auri Balázs Nagy kuma tana da ɗa mai suna Kristóf. Tana zaune a Érd.
Arlene McCarthy
Arlene McCarthy OBE (an haifeta ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba 1960, Belfast, Ireland ta Arewa ) ta kasance memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai mai wakiltar Arewacin Yammacin Ingila don Jam'iyyar Labour daga 1994 zuwa 2014.
Sana'a kafin siyasa
McCarthy ta sauke karatu daga South Bank Polytechnic (yanzu Jami'ar Kudancin Bankin London) a 1983 tare da BA (Hons) ya ci gaba da zuwa Jami'ar Kyauta ta Berlin sannan daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Manchester don gudanar da Ph.D. karatu.
Bayan kammala karatu McCarthy ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin malami a fannin Siyasa na Duniya da Nazarin Yanki a Jami'ar Free University of Berlin, kuma tana aiki a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai yana aiki da Ƙungiyar Socialist.
Bayan ta koma Biritaniya McCarthy ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Hulda da Jama'a na Tarayyar Turai a Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council, har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe ta zuwa Majalisar Tarayyar Turai.
Majalisar Turai
McCarthy ta rike mukamai da dama a cikin majalisar, kasancewarta memba na jam'iyyar Socialists ta Turai, ta zauna a cikin kungiyar Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats. McCarthy ya kasance Shugaban Kwamitin Kasuwancin Cikin Gida da Kariyar Kayayyakin Masu Amfani kuma tun 2009 ya zama mataimakin shugaban kwamitin kan harkokin tattalin arziki da kuɗi.
A cikin Janairu 2014 McCarthy ta sanar da cewaa za ta sake neman tsayawa takara ba a zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na Yuni 2014.
Mutanen Frafra
Frafra wani yanki ne na mutanen Gurunsi da ke zaune a Arewacin Ghana. Sunan da aka fi so na ƙungiyar shine Fare-Fare. Sunan da aka karɓa Frafra cin hanci da rashawa ne daga lokacin mulkin mallaka na gaisuwa "Ya fara-fara?" wanda ke nufin "Yaya wahalarku [aiki] yake?" Yana iya ɗaukar sautin ƙararrawa a cikin amfanin gida. Masu magana da harshen Frafra sun kai kusan 300,000. Babban rukunin mutanen Gurunsi suna zaune a kudancin Burkina Faso da Arewacin Ghana.
Labarin ƙasa
Bolgatanga cibiyar kasuwanci ce ta yankin Frafra. Sauran muhimman kauyuka da garuruwa sun hada da Bongo, Zuarungu, Zoko, da Pwalugu. Tongo shi ne babban garin mutanen Talensi, waɗanda ke da bambancin ƙabila da Frafra, amma yawancinsu suna harsuna biyu a cikin yaren Frafra.
Tattalin Arziki
Frafra da farko manoma ne, noman gero, dawa da dawa. Haka kuma ana noman masara, shinkafa, gyada, da wake. Manoman a duk fadin yankin sun yi ta noman sara-da-kone, suna amfani da gonaki kusan shekaru bakwai ko takwas kafin a bar su su kwanta a kalla shekaru goma. A cikin gonakin iyali da ke kusa da ƙauyuka, mata suna shuka amfanin gona don siyarwa a kasuwannin cikin gida, gami da sesame da taba.
Maza suna shiga cikin farauta a cikin dogon lokacin rani. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don dalilai na al'ada tunda a wannan lokacin ne maza suke hulɗa da ruhohin da ke cikin daji. A lokacin rani, lokacin da kayan abinci ba su yi ƙasa ba, ana yin wasu kamun kifi a cikin dausayin gida.
Ƙara yawan matsin lamba na jama'a ya haifar da raguwar lokutan faɗuwar rana da ƙaramin tazara don farauta. Ana samun ƙananan daji don hanyoyin yanke-da-ƙonawa da share sabbin gonaki.
Tsarin Siyasa
Ƙungiyoyin Frafra galibi ba su da ra'ayi na zamantakewa ko siyasa. Ba a raba su tsakanin ƙungiyoyin sana'a ko ƙungiyoyin sana'a tunda yawancinsu suna farauta da noma. Ba su da tsarin sarakuna, kuma duk wani muhimmin shawara an yanke shi ta hanyar majalisar dattawa da ta ƙunshi tsofaffin membobin kowace zuriya.
Shugabannin addinai suna da wasu hukunce-hukuncen siyasa, suna tantance yanayin aikin noma da kuma ware filaye don noma.
Addini
Imani da babban mahalicci shine tsakiyar imanin Frafra. Wuri na wannan allah yana tsakiyar kowane ƙauye. Kowanne dangi yana kula da gidan kansa, wanda a cikinsa ake adana abubuwan tsafi na tsafi. Abubuwan da ke ba da damar iyali su ci gaba da hulɗa tare da mahimman ƙarfin yanayi. Wadannan abubuwa na gado ne daga zuri’a, kuma dukiya ce ta al’umma ta zuriya, tana ba da kariya da hadin kan al’umma a tsakanin dukkan ‘yan uwa.
Fasaha da adabi
Mafi sanannun nau'ikan fasaha na Frafra sune kayan adon tagulla da aka jefa da kayan gine-ginen da aka ƙawata. Bugu da ƙari, an ƙirƙiri siffofi na anthropomorphic da aka sassaka daga yumbu da itace da abubuwa daban-daban na sirri, tun daga kayan ado zuwa katako na katako, don girmama ruhohi.
Jikin adabin Frafra yana fitowa. A. Pamzoya ya fara rubuta wani labari akan al'adun Frafra mai suna Souvenir for Death. Agaysika Agambila mai hankali ya tattara tarin tatsuniyoyi na Frafra a ƙarƙashin taken Solma: Tales from Northern Ghana. Wannan ya biyo bayan Journey, wani labari da aka saita a yankin Frafra.
Mutanen Frafra suna da dangantaka ta musamman da raha da mutanen Dagaare na arewa maso yammacin Ghana, wadda ta samo asali ne daga tushen asali na gama gari.
Gemma Collis-McCann
Rayuwa
Gemma Collis ta girma a Buckinghamshire a matsayin 'yar wasa mai fafatawa a wasanni da yawa: wasan tsere, hockey, gudun mita 100, da tsalle-tsalle sau uku, a cikin abin da ta ƙarshe ta yi fatan shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta London 2012. Amma a watan Yulin 2008, tana da shekaru 15, ta kamu da wani hadadden ciwo na yanki, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauyen jin zafi da matsananciyar zafi a cikin kafarta ta dama, wanda ya sa ta dogara da kullun ko keken guragu tun daga nan. Ta canza daga shiga cikin abubuwan wasanni zuwa horarwa, gudanarwa, da aikin sa kai a gare su. A cikin 2010, ta gano cewa ta cancanci yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta guragu, kuma ta taka leda a Wales u25s a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lord's Taverners a Kofin Celtic na 2011.
Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Durham daga 2011, inda aka tambaye ta ko za ta sha'awar wasan katangar farfesa kuma kocin kula da keken guragu na GB Laszlo Jakab a 2011. Jakab za ta zama kawarta kuma ta zama shaida a bikin aurenta. Ta shiga gasar wasannin nakasassu da aka yi a birnin Landan a shekarar 2012 bayan ta shafe kasa da shekara guda a wasannin. A cikin taron ta zo na shida tare da abokan wasan Gabi Down da Justine Moore. Ta sake yin shinge a gasar Paralympics a Rio 2016, inda ta kasance a matsayi na takwas a rukunin mata A Épée. A shekarar 2017 ta yanke kafarta ta dama sakamakon ciwon da ke fama da shi daga hadadden ciwo mai zafi na yanki.
Gemma Collis ta auri ɗan wasan nakasassu ɗan Burtaniya Craig McCann a watan Yuli 2017; Dukansu sun ɗauki sunan ƙarshe mai suna Collis-McCann Ya yi gasa a gasar Paralympics na 2012 a wasan wasan keken hannu, sannan ya canza wasanni zuwa tseren keke ta 2017.
Gidan wasan Upera na kasar Ukraine
An kafa kungiyar Kyiv Opera bisa ka'ida a lokacin ranin shekarar 1867, kuma ita ce opera ta uku a tsufa a Ukraine, bayan Odessa Opera da Lviv Opera. A yau, Kamfanin Kyiv Opera yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a National Opera House na Ukraine mai suna Taras Shevchenko a Kyiv
Gemma Collis-McCann
Rayuwa
A cikin 2018 Gemma Collis-McCann ta sami lambar zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya a Montreal. Ta doke Zsuzsanna Krajnyak 'yar Poland a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 15-13.
Ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar Majalisar Kula da Kujerun Guragu ta Duniya da Hukumar Wasannin Kwallon Kaya ta Majalisar Wasanni. A cikin 2021 ta shiga cikin wasu wakilai na kasa da kasa ciki har da Ksenia Ovsyannikova a kan sabon Gender Equity Commission da aka kafa don duba shingen keken hannu. A cikin Yuli 2021 ita da 'yan wasa uku, Piers Giliver, Dimitri Coutya da Oliver Lam-Watson an gano su a matsayin ƙungiyar wasan motsa jiki ta Burtaniya waɗanda za su fafata a wasannin nakasassu na bazara na 2020 da aka jinkirta a Tokyo. Zaɓin nata ya biyo bayan watanni 18 lokacin da ba ta yi gasa ba sakamakon cutar sankarau ta COVID-19, gami da rufe taga cancantar Tokyo ta Hukumar Kula da Kujeru ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amputee. Ta cancanci zuwa Paralympics uku, amma a Tokyo ta cancanci duka biyun Category A épée da sabre.
Lambar Yabo na Fina-finan Nollywood na shekara ta 2013
An rubuta sunaye wadanda sukayi nasarar lashe kyautar a farko da rubutu mai gwaɓi.
Gidan wasan Upera na kasar Ukraine
Tarihin farko: 1867 - 20th karni
An kafa shi a lokacin rani na 1867 wanda Ferdinand Berger (? - 1875) ya jagoranta kafawar. Berger ya yi nasarar gayyato hazikan mawaƙa, da masu gudanarwa, kuma majalisar birnin (duma) ta ba da sabuwar ƙungiyar da aka ƙirƙira don yin amfani da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na birni (wanda aka gina a 1856, architect I. Shtrom) don wasan kwaikwayo. A hukumance, ana kiran gidan wasan kwaikwayon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na birni amma an fi kiransa da Opera na Rasha. Ranar wasan farko, Nuwamba 8 (Oktoba 27 tsohon salon), 1867 an sanya shi hutun birni. Ayyukan opera Askold's Tomb na Alexey Verstovsky shine farkon farkon ƙungiyar. Nasarar farko tana da nasaba da basirar murya na wancan lokacin O. Satagano-Garchakova, F. L'vov, M. Agramov amma kuma makircin da ya ɗauka daga wasu manyan shafuka na tsohon tarihin birnin.
Ranar Fabrairu 4, 1896, bayan wasan kwaikwayo na safe na Eugene Onegin ta Tchaikovsky, wuta ta tashi daga kyandir da ba a kashe a gidan wasan kwaikwayon ba. Gobarar ta cinye ginin gaba daya cikin sa'o'i da dama. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na kiɗa a Turai tare da kayayyaki masu yawa da kayan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo da yawa sun ɓace yayin gobara. Bayan gobarar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na birnin, ƙungiyar ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a wasu matakai na shekaru da yawa, ciki har da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bergonie (yanzu gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa na Rasha mai suna Lesya Ukrainka ), Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Solovtsov (yanzu Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa mai suna Ivan Franko ) har ma a kan. filin wasa na sanannen Circus na Krutikov.