cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Boma Iyaye
Sana'a
Iyaye ya fara aikinsa a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a matsayin akawu. Ya yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da yawa tsakanin shekara ta 1992 da 2003. Daga baya ya shiga harkokin siyasa kuma ya samu nasarar tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokokin jihar Ribas, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 2007 yana wakiltar Ogu – Bolo. Ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin wasanni da kuma mamba na sauran kwamitoci a majalisar.
A ranar 28 ga watan Disamban 2021, an naɗa mai girma kwamishinan a matsayin shugaban rukunin gidaje na Chiri War Canoe House of Loko a masarautar Ogu ta ƙaramar hukumar Ogu-Bolo ta jihar Ribas.
Tajikistan
Tajikistan a kasar a Asiya.
Hanafiyya
Mazhabar Hanafiyya (larabci|حنفي) (Ḥanafī) tana daya daga cikin manyan Mazhabobi guda hudu wadanda addinin musulunci ke dasu, wurin karantar da Sunnar manzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah su kara tabbata a gare shi, Dan yin hukunce hukuncen (fiqhu). ita ma dai Mazhabar ta samu sunanta ne daga sunan Babban Malaminta, wanda makarantarsa ce ake wa Mazhabar lakabi da shi, wato Alshaykh Imam Abū Ḥanīfa an-Nu‘man ibn Thābit, ya rasu a shekarar (d. 767),shi Tabi‘i ne, kuma dokokin akidarsa an samo su ne ta hanyar kiyayewar manyan Daliban sa da suka yi, Abu Yusuf da Muhammad al-Shaybani. Manyan Mazhabobin addinin musulunci daman da sune wadannan hudun da suka shahara, wato; Malikiyya, Shafi`iyya da Hanbaliya. .
Mazhabar Hanafiyya ita ce Mazhabar da ke da mafi yawan mabiya a tsakanin musulmai masu bin Sunnah a duk fadin duniya. ita ce ake bi a kasashen da suka taba kasancewa karkashin mulkin daular usmaniyya (Ottoman Empire), da daular Mughal da masarautun  shugabannin Turkic da ke Indian subcontinent, northwest China da Central Asia. A yanzu ana bin Mazhabar Hanafiyya a kasashe da yankuna kamar: Turkiya, da Balkans, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Misra, wasu bangaren kasashen Irak] da [[Iran, bangaren Rasha, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, bangaren Indiya da China, da Bangladesh.
Tarihi
A matsayin khalifah na hudu, Ali ya canja birnin musulunci zuwa Kufa, kuma yawancin first generation musulmai sun koma nan da zama, makarantar dokokin Hanafiyya ta sanya yawancin shari'unta a kan bin abubuwan da Sahabban farko suka zo da su wadanda ke zama a Iraq. Dukda, daga baya Hanafiyya anfara kiranta da Kufan ko Iraqi school a Lokacin. Ali da Abdullah, dan Masud su suka samar da asalin farkon makarantar, tareda wasu mutane kamar Muhammad al-Baqir, Ja'far al-Sadiq,da Zayd ibn Ali.Many jurists da historians sun rayu a Kufa har daya daga cikin manyan Malaman Abu Hanifa, wato Hammad ibn Sulayman.
Jemima Osunde
Jemima Osunde (an haife ta a Afrilu 30, shekarata 1996) ‘yar fim ce ta Nijeriya, mai samfuri kuma mai gabatarwa. Ta sami karbuwa bayan ta buga Leila a cikin shirin talabijin Shuga. Osunde aka zabi ga babban jaruma a jagorancinsa a 15th Afirka Movie Academy Awards domin ta yi a The Bayarwa Boy (2018).
Bayan Fage
Jemima Osunde an haife shi ne a gidan mai mutum biyar kuma ita ‘yar asalin jihar Edo ce. Ta yi karatun gyaran jiki ne a jami’ar Legas. Osunde ta fito a fim din Jungle Jewel bayan kawun ta ya karfafa ta ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo.
Osunde ta dawo cikin shiri na bakwai na MTV Shuga "Alone To tare" wanda ke fita dare da dare wanda ke dauke da tattaunawar "kullewa" tsakanin manyan haruffa yayin kullewa daga kwayar cutar ta coronavirus. Duk fim din yan wasan kwaikwayo zasuyi wadanda suka hada da Lerato Walaza, Sthandiwe Kgoroge, Uzoamaka Aniunoh, Mamarumo Marokane da Mohau Cele.
A cikin 2020 ta kasance a cikin castan wasan Quam's Money wanda ke bin fim ɗin 2018 wanda ta fito a Sabon Kuɗi. Labarin da ke biyo baya ya biyo bayan abin da ya faru yayin da mai tsaro (Quam) ba zato ba tsammani ya zama miliya da yawa. Falz, Toni Tones, Blossom Chukwujekwu, Nse Ikpe-Etim da Osunde ne suka jagoranci sabon yan wasan.
Ilimi
A shekarar 2019, Osunde ta kammala karatun ta a jami’ar ta Legas da digiri a fannin ilimin motsa jiki.
Imam Abu Hanifa
Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Thābit b. Zūṭā b. Marzubān (larabci|أبو حنيفة نعمان بن ثابت بن زوطا بن مرزبان; Yarayu daga shekara ta c. 699 zuwa shekara 767 CE), An haife shi a shekara ta 699 (80 Hijri) garin Kufa, Umayyad Caliphate, ya kuma dasu a shekara ta 767 (150 Hijri) a birnin Baghdad, Abbasiyya, Dan asalin Parisa ne shi Shi Dan garin   Kufa ne
Ya shahara a karantar da fahimtar sa akan Istihsan, ya wallafa shahararren littafin nan wato Al-Fiqh al-Akbar. Malamansa sune; Hammad bin Abi Sulayman, Ata' ibn abi rabah, Zayd ibn Ali, Ja'far al-Sadiq, da sauran manyan tabi'in, yakarantar da dalibansa kamar su; Imam Malik Ibn Anas, Imam Al-Shafi'i, Muhammad al-Shaybani, Abu Yusuf, al-Tahawi, Ahmad Sirhindi, Shah Waliullah da sauransu.
Anfi saninsa da Abū Ḥanīfa ko kuma Imam Abū Ḥanīfa musamman a wurin mabiya Sunnah, Yakasance dan karni na 8th ne, mabiyin Sunnah, Malamin Tauhidi kuma Alkali wanda asalinsa ba Parise ne. shine yasamar da makarantar Hanafiyya ko Hanafi Mazhab, wanda har wayau itace Mazhabar dake da mafi yawan mabiya ahlus-sunnah a duniya. Ana kiransa da al-Imām al-aʿẓam ("The Great Imam") and Sirāj al-aʾimma ("The Lamp of the Imams") a wurin mabiya ahlus-sunnah.
An haife shi daga cikin Gidan musulunci a garin Kufa, Abu Hanifa yatafi zuwa yankin Hejaz dake kasashen larabawa a waccan lokacin yayinda yake matashi, a nan ne yayi karatu a wuraren manyan malaman garin Makkah da Madina. A matsayin sa na Malamin akida kuma mai hukunci Abu Hanifa yayi suna akan yardarsa da amfani da hankali wurin yin hukunci da ma akida (faqīh dhū raʾy). makarantar Abu Hanifa itace ta zama zuwa makarantar Maturidi school of orthodox Sunni theology.
Al'umman Zaydi Shi'a suma dai baa barsu abaya ba, Dan suna matukar girmama Imam Abu hanifa a matsayin wani babban Malamin addinin musulunci.
Kullalliyar Kasa
Ƙasar da ba ta da yankin da ke da alaƙa da teku ko kuma bakin teku ko harshen Teku ya gege ta. A halin yanzu akwai ƙasashe 44 da kuma Ƙasashe marasa cikakken ƴanci biyar da suke a tsakiyar ƙasashe kuma ba suyi iyaka da kowanne sashen na Teku ba. Kazakhstan ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya da ba ta da ruwa.
A cikin 1990, akwai ƙasashe 30 ne kawai a duniya. Rushewar Tarayyar Sobiyat da Czechoslovakia ; wargajewar Yugoslavia ; ƙuri'ar raba gardama na ƴancin kai na Ossetia ta Kudu, da Eritrea, da Montenegro, da Sudan ta Kudu, da kuma Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Luhansk ; da ayyana ƴancin kai na Kosovo bai ɗaya ya haifar da sabbin ƙasashe 15 da ba su da tudu da kuma wasu jahohi 5 da aka amince da su ba su da tudu yayin da tsohuwar ƙasar Czechoslovakia ta daina wanzuwa a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1993.
Gabaɗaya, zama kullalliyar ƙasa yana haifar da wasu naƙasu na siyasa da na tattalin arziki waɗanda samun damar shiga ruwan duniya zai gagara. Saboda haka, al’ummai manya da ƙanana a cikin tarihi sun yi ƙoƙari su sami ruwa mai yawa, har da kashe kuɗi mai yawa na dukiya, zubar da jini, da jarin siyasa.
Za'a iya rage lahanin tattalin arziƙin da ke cikin ƙasa ko kuma ya ta'azzara dangane da girman cigaba, kewaye hanyoyin kasuwanci da yancin ciniki, shingen harshe, da sauran la'akari. Wasu ƙasashe da ba su da ƙasa a Turai suna da wadata, irin su Andorra, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, San Marino, Switzerland, da Vatican City, waɗanda duk, ban da Luxembourg, memba na NATO, akai-akai yin aiki da tsaka tsaki a al'amuran siyasar duniya. Duk da haka, 32 daga cikin ƙasashe 44 da ba su da ƙasa, ciki har da dukan ƙasashen Afirka, Asiya, da Kudancin Amirka, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ware su a matsayin ƙasashe masu tasowa (LLDCs). Tara daga cikin ƙasashe goma sha biyu da ke da mafi ƙanƙanta Alamar Cigaban Ɗan Adam (HDI) ba su da ƙasa. Shirye-shiryen kasa da kasa suna da nufin rage rashin daidaito sakamakon batutuwa irin waɗannan, kamar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai ci gaba mai dorewa Goal 10, wanda ke da nufin rage rashin daidaito sosai nan da 2030.
Muhimmanci
A tarihance, kasancewa kullalliyar ƙasa yana da illa ga cigaban kasa. Yana katse wata al'umma daga muhimman albarkatun teku kamar kamun kifi, da kuma hana ko hana shiga cinikin teku kai tsaye, wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Don haka, yankunan bakin teku, ko yankunan da ke cikin tekun da ke da damar shiga Tekun Duniya, sun kasance masu wadata da yawan jama'a fiye da yankunan da ba su da damar shiga Tekun Duniya. Paul Collier a cikin littafinsa mai suna The Bottom Billion yayi gardama cewa zama mara gida a wata unguwa mara kyau na daya daga cikin manyan “tarko” ci gaba guda hudu da za a iya rike kasa da su. Gabaɗaya, ya gano cewa idan maƙwabciyar ƙasa ta sami ci gaba mai kyau, ta kan kai ga ci gaba mai kyau ga ƙasar kanta. Ga ƙasashen da ba su da tudu, tasirin yana da ƙarfi musamman, saboda an iyakance su a harkar kasuwanci da sauran ƙasashen duniya. Ya ce, "Idan kana bakin teku, kana yi wa duniya hidima, idan ba ka da ƙasa, kana yi wa makwabtaka hidima." Wasu kuma sun yi nuni da cewa kasancewar babu kasa yana da fa’ida domin yana haifar da “shamakin farashi na dabi’a” da ke kare ktasar daga shigo da kayayyaki masu sauki. A wasu lokuta, wannan ya haifar da ingantaccen tsarin abinci na gida.
Kafin tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama ya bunkasa, tafiye-tafiyen fasinja kuma ya sami cikas, yana buƙatar wuce iyakokin iyaka don isa ga jiragen ruwa na fasinja na ƙasa da ƙasa, watakila tare da buƙatun biza.
Matakan da za a guje wa zama marar gida
Kasashe sun ɗauki matakin shawo kan rashin kasa ta hanyar samun kasa da ta isa teku:
Yarjejeniyar ciniki
Kasashe na iya yin yarjejeniya kan samun jigilar kayayyaki kyauta ta ƙasashen maƙwabta:
Sakamakon siyasa
Rasa hanyar shiga teku gabaɗaya babbar asara ce ga al'umma, ta fuskar siyasa, ta soja, da tattalin arziki. Waɗannan su ne misalan ƙasashen da ba su da tudu.
Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan dokar teku a yanzu ta bai wa kasar da ba ta da tudu damar shiga da fita daga cikin teku ba tare da biyan harajin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta jihohi ba. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana da shirin aiwatar da ayyuka don taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa marasa iyaka, kuma Babban Sakatare-Janar na yanzu shine Anwarul Karim Chowdhury.
Wasu ƙasashe suna da dogon bakin teku, amma yawancinsa ƙila ba za a iya amfani da su cikin sauƙi don kasuwanci da kasuwanci ba. Alal misali, a farkon tarihinta, tashar jiragen ruwa na Rasha kawai suna kan Tekun Arctic kuma an rufe su a yawancin shekara. Burin samun iko da tashar ruwa mai dumi shine babban abin da ya motsa Rasha ta fadada zuwa Tekun Baltic, Bahar Black, da Tekun Fasifik. A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, wasu ƙasashen da ba su da tudu na iya samun damar shiga tekun tare da faffadan kogunan da za su iya kewayawa. Alal misali, Paraguay (da Bolivia zuwa ƙarami) suna samun damar shiga teku ta kogin Paraguay da Paraná.
Ƙasashe da yawa suna da bakin teku a kan gawawwakin ruwa marasa ƙarfi, kamar Tekun Caspian da Tekun Gishiri. Tun da yake waɗannan tekuna suna cikin tasirin tafkuna ba tare da samun damar yin ciniki mai zurfi ba, har yanzu ana ɗaukar ƙasashe irin su Kazakhstan a matsayin marasa ruwa. Kodayake Tekun Caspian yana da alaƙa da Bahar Black ta hanyar Canal Volga-Don da mutum ya yi, manyan jiragen ruwa masu tafiya cikin teku ba su iya wucewa.
Da digiri
Ƙasashen da ba su da tudu na iya zama iyaka da wata ƙasa guda da ke da damar shiga teku kai tsaye, biyu ko fiye da irin waɗannan ƙasashe, ko kuma a kewaye su da wasu ƙasashe marasa tudu, wanda hakan zai sa ƙasar ta kasance mai ninki biyu.
Ƙasar da ƙasa ɗaya ce ta kulle ta
Ƙasashe uku a duniya kullallun ƙasashe ne waɗanda ƙasa ɗaya ce kadai ta kulle su (kewayayyun ƙasashe):
Philippe Poutou
Philippe Poutou (lafazi : /filip putu/ ko /filif futu/) shi ne 'dan siyasar Faransa na 'dan kungiyar kwadago. Shi ne 'dan takara da zaben shugaban kasar Faransa a shekara ta 2017.
Kullalliyar Kasa
Ƙasar da ƙasashe biyu suka kulle ta
Ƙasashe bakwai da ba su da ƙasa suna kewaye da maƙwabta biyu kacal da ke da iyaka da juna (ƙasashen da ba su da iyaka):
Philippe Poutou
A cikin watan Oktoba 2021, Philippe Poutou ya shiga cikin taron ba da shawara na Afirka da Faransa wanda aka shirya a Faransa daga 6 ga Oktoba zuwa 10, 2021.
Kullalliyar Kasa
Ƙasar da ƙasashe biyu suka kulle ta
Zuwa wannan rukunin za a iya ƙara yankuna uku da ba su da ƙasa, biyu daga cikinsu jihohi ne na gaskiya waɗanda ba su da cikakken ƴanci:
Mai ƙasa sau biyu
Ƙasa tana da "ƙasa sau biyu" ko "ba ta da ƙasa sau biyu" idan aka kewaye ta da ƙasashen da ba su da ƙasa kawai (suna buƙatar haye kan iyakokin ƙasa aƙalla biyu don isa bakin teku). Akwai irin waɗannan ƙasashe guda biyu:
Bayan rugujewar Daular Roman Mai Tsarki, Masarautar Württemberg ta zama ƙasa mai ninki biyu, tana iyaka da Bavaria, Baden, Switzerland, Grand Duchy na Hesse ( Wimpfen exclave), Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, da Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Na biyun sun kasance ba tare da ƙasa ba tsakanin juna, Württemberg da Baden. A cikin 1866 sun zama wani yanki na Prussia, suna ba Württemberg iyaka da wata ƙasa ta bakin teku amma duk wata hanya zuwa gaɓar teku za ta iya kaiwa aƙalla iyakoki biyu. Birnin Frankfurt na 'yanci wanda ke da ƴancin kai tsakanin 1815 zuwa 1866 ya kasance marar iyaka sau biyu yayin da yake kan iyaka da Zaɓaɓɓen Hesse, Grand Duchy na Hesse, Hesse-Homburg, da Nassau. A cikin Tarayyar Jamus akwai wasu jahohi da dama da ba su da ƙasa waɗanda kawai ke da iyaka da jihohin da ba su da ƙasa da kuma wuraren da ba su da ƙasa na jihohin bakin teku: Grand Duchy na Hesse, Hesse-Homburg, Nassau (duk har zuwa 1866), Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Saxe-Hildburghausen (duka biyun). har zuwa 1826), da Reuss, layin dattijo (har zuwa 1871). Duk waɗannan sun yi iyaka da Prussia amma ba babban yankin da ke da damar shiga teku ba.
Babu ƙasashen da ƙasa biyu ce ta kulle su daga haɗewar Jamus a 1871 har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin duniya na ɗaya. Liechtenstein ta yi iyaka da daular Austro-Hungarian, wacce ke da gabar tekun Adriatic, sannan Uzbekistan ta kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha, wacce ke da damar shiga teku da teku.
Tare da rushe Austria-Hungary a cikin 1918 da ƙirƙirar Ostiriya mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta, Liechtenstein ta zama ƙasa ɗaya tilo mai ninki biyu har zuwa 1938. A cikin Anschluss waccan shekarar, Ostiriya ta shiga cikin Nazi Jamus, wanda ke da iyaka a Tekun Baltic da Tekun Arewa. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Ostiriya ta sake samun ƴancin kai kuma Liechtenstein ta sake zama marar gida biyu.
Uzbekistan, wacce ta kasance wani bangare na Daular Rasha sannan kuma Tarayyar Sobiyet, ta sami ƴancin kanta tare da wargajewar karshen a shekarar 1991 kuma ta zama kasa ta biyu mai ninki biyu.
Mutanen Fon
A Fon mutane, wanda kuma ake kira Fon nu, Agadja ko Dahomey, ne mai Gbe ƙabila. Su ne mafi yawan ƙabilu a cikin Benin waɗanda aka samo musamman a yankin kudanci; ana kuma samun su a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya da Togo. Adadin yawan su ya kai kimanin mutane 3,500,000, kuma suna jin yaren Fon, memba ne na yarukan Gbe.
Kullalliyar Kasa
Mai ƙasa sau biyu
Duk da haka, matsayin Uzbekistan sau biyu ba tare da izini ba ya dogara ne akan taƙaddama matsayi na Tekun Caspian : wasu ƙasashe, musamman Iran da Turkmenistan, suna da'awar cewa Tekun Caspian ya kamata a la'akari da shi a matsayin teku na gaske (musamman saboda ta wannan hanyar za su sami manyan filayen mai da iskar gas )., wanda zai sa Uzbekistan ta zama ƙasa mai sauƙi marar iyaka tun lokacin da maƙwabtan Turkmenistan da Kazakhstan ke samun damar shiga Tekun Caspian.
Mutanen Fon
Tarihin mutanen Fon yana da alaƙa da Dahomey masarauta, ingantacciyar masarauta ta ƙarni na 17 amma ɗayan da ke da tsohuwar alaƙa da mutanen Aja. Mutanen Fon a al'adance al'adu ce ta al'ada kuma suna da ingantaccen tsarin addinin mushirikai. 'Yan kasuwar Turai na farkon ƙarni na 19 sun lura da su game da aikin NNonmiton ko Dahomey Amazons - wanda ya ba matan su damar yin aikin soja, waɗanda shekarun da suka gabata suka yaƙi sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa a shekarar 1890.
Kullalliyar Kasa
Jerin kullallun ƙasashe da wasu jahohin da ba a san su ba
Ana iya haɗa su cikin rukunoni masu zuwa kamar haka:
Mutanen Fon
Yawancin Fon a yau suna zaune a ƙauyuka da ƙananan garuruwa a cikin gidajen laka tare da rufin kwano na baƙin ƙarfe. Kayan gini na birni na Mutanen Fon ya haɗa Abomey, da tarihi babban birnin Dahomey a kan abin da aka tarihi kira su da Turawa a matsayin Bawa Coast. Waɗannan biranen sun zama manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci don cinikin bayi. Wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na shukar sukari a cikin Faransa West Indies, musamman Haiti da Trinidad, sun kasance tare da bayi waɗanda suka fito daga gaɓar Slave, ta ƙasashen Ewe da Fon.
Kullalliyar Kasa
Jerin kullallun ƙasashe da wasu jahohin da ba a san su ba
Lura:
Mutanen Fon
Asali
Mutanen Fon, kamar sauran ƙabilun da ke makwabtaka da su a Afirka ta Yamma, sun kasance al'adun gargajiya na baka ta hanyar ƙarshen zamanin da, ba tare da tarihin tarihi ba. Dangane da waɗannan tarihin baka da almara, mutanen Fon sun samo asali ne daga Tado na yau, ƙaramin garin Aja yanzu yana kusa da iyakar Togo-Benin. Tsoffin shugabannin su asalinsu ɓangare ne na masu faɗa aji a masarautar Aja ta Allada (ana kuma kiranta masarautar Ardra).
Kullalliyar Kasa
Jerin kullallun ƙasashe da wasu jahohin da ba a san su ba
Akwai kasashe 14 masu zuwa "guda ɗaya" marasa iyaka (kowace ɗayansu ba ta da iyaka da wata ƙasa):
Mutanen Fon
Asali
Mutanen Aja sun yi babban rikici, rukuni daya ya byalle kuma waɗannan mutane sun zama mutanen Fon da suka yi kaura zuwa Allada tare da sarki Agasu. 'Ya'yan sarki Agasu sun yi saɓani game da wanda zai gaje shi bayan mutuwarsa, kuma kungiyar ta sake rabuwa, a wannan karon mutanen Fon sun yi kaura tare da dan Agasu Dogbari zuwa arewa zuwa Abomey inda suka kafa daular Dahomey wani lokaci kusan 1620 CE. Mutanen Fon suna zaune a can tun, yayin da masarautar Dahomey ta fadada a kudu maso gabashin Benin ta hanyar cinye masarautun makwabta.
Kullalliyar Kasa
Kullallun ƙasashe ta nahiya
Idan ana ƙirga Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, da Kudancin Ossetia a matsayin wani yanki na Turai, to Turai ce ke da mafi yawan kullallun ƙasashe 19, gami da jahohi uku da aka sani ba su da ƙasa. Idan an haɗa waɗannan ƙasashe uku masu wucewa a cikin Asiya, to, Afirka da Turai sun fi yawa, a 16. Dangane da matsayin Yammacin Kogin Jordan da kasashe uku masu wucewa, Asiya tana da tsakanin 11 da 15, gami da jihar Artsakh da ba a san ta ba. Amurka ta Kudu tana da kasashe biyu kacal. Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya su ne kawai nahiyoyin da ba su da ƙasa (ban da Antarctica, wadda ba ta da ƙasa). Oceania (wanda yawanci ba a la'akari da nahiya ba amma yanki ne na yanki) kuma ba shi da kullalliyar ƙasa. Ban da Papua New Guinea, wanda ke da iyaka da Indonesia (ƙasa mai wucewa), duk sauran ƙasashe a cikin Oceania ƙasashen tsibiri ne ba tare da iyakar ƙasa ba.
Mutanen Fon
Asali
Tarihin baka na Fon ya kara danganta asalin mutanen Fon da yin auratayya tsakanin wannan rukunin ƙungiyar Allada-nu Aja da ke kaura daga kudu tare da mazauna Oyo-nu a Masarautun (Yarbawa). Wadannan Yarbawan an san su da Igede, wanda Ajas ke kira Gedevi. Haɗakar da baƙin haure Aja masu nasara da asalin Yarbawa na asali na tsaunin Abomey don haka ya haifar da sabon al'adu, na Fon.
Kullalliyar Kasa
Kullallun ƙasashe ta nahiya
Duk kullallun ƙasashe banda Bolivia da Paraguay suna cikin Afro-Eurasia. Ko da yake wasu ƙasashen tsibirin suna raba aƙalla iyakar ƙasa ɗaya da wata ƙasa, babu ɗayansu da ba shi da ƙasa.
Mutanen Fon
Asali
Kodayake waɗannan al'adun gargajiyar na baka sun wuce ta cikin zuriya, ba su da rikici. Da'awar zuwa ga  asalin daga cikin Allada ba a rubuta a cikin zamani kafofin kafin marigayi karni na sha takwas, da kuma shi ne wata ila a wajen legitimating da da'awar da ci daga Allada da Dahomey a cikin 1720s. Hakanan ana iya fassara waɗannan iƙirarin azaman maganganun kamantawa na tasirin al'adu da siyasa tsakanin masarauta maimakon ainihin dangi.
Tarihi
Duk da yake nassoshi da rubutaccen tarihi game da mutanen Fon ba su da yawa kafin ƙarni na 17, akwai takardu masu yawa a kansu daga ƙarni na 17, musamman waɗanda baƙin Turai da 'yan kasuwa suka rubuta zuwa yankunan Yammacin Afirka. Waɗannan abubuwan tunawa sun ambaci garuruwa kamar Ouidah da Abomey. Daga cikin rubutun da aka fi yadawa akwai na Archibald Dalzel, wani bawan dillali wanda a 1793 ya rubuta tatsuniyoyi, tarihi da kuma ayyukan cinikin bayi na mutanen Fon a cikin wani littafi mai suna Tarihin Dahomey. Malaman zamanin zamani sun yi tambaya game da gaskiyar Dalzel, kuma yaya littafinsa na farko akan mutanen Fon ya kasance malanta ko kuma malanta.
A ƙarni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, yayin da kasancewar Faransa ta karu sannan kuma lokacin mulkin mallaka ya fara a cikin Benin da yankuna da ke kusa, karin tarihi da litattafai masu nasaba da mutanen Fon sun bayyana, kamar wadanda Édouard Foà, N Savariau, Le Herisse da MJ Herskovits 'nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kan mutanen Fon da aka buga a 1938.
Waɗannan tarihin sun nuna cewa masarautar mutanen Fon ta Dahomey ta fadada a farkon karni na 18, musamman lokacin mulkin Sarki Agaja har zuwa 1740s, har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika daga babban birninta na Abomey. A wannan lokacin, shekaru 200 bayan Fotigal ta riga ta zauna a yankunan Kongo a gabar Tekun Atlantika na Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin ƙarni na 16, akwai gonaki da yawa a cikin yankin Caribbean da na Tekun Atlantika na Kudancin Amurka, wanda ya riga ya samar da buƙata mai ƙarfi don bayi daga Turawan fatake. Theasar da aka faɗaɗa na masarautar Dahomey tana da matsayi mai kyau don samar da wannan kasuwancin na ƙetare kuma ana gabatar da tarihin ƙarni na 18 da 19 na mutanen Fon a cikin wannan mahallin.
Bauta, Gwanin Benin
Mutanen Fon ba su ƙirƙiro da bautar a Afirka ba, kuma ba su da ikon mallaka a kan bautar ko kuma kasuwancin kasuwanci na bawa. Ofungiyar bautar ta daɗe ta faɗi asalin mutanen Fon a cikin masarautar Aja da samuwar masarautar Dahomey. Yankin Sahara da Yankin Bahar Maliya, in ji Herbert Klein - malamin tarihi, ya kasance yana fataucin tsakanin barorin Afirka 5,000 zuwa 10,000 a kowace shekara tsakanin 800 zuwa 1600 CE, tare da yawancin bayin mata da yara ne. A cewar John Donnelly Fage - farfesan tarihi da ya kware a Afirka, "an kafa tattalin arzikin bayi a Yammacin da Kudancin Sudan da kusan karni na sha huɗu aƙalla, kuma hakika ya bazu zuwa yankunan da ke kusa da Senegal da kuma a Lower Guinea ƙarni na goma sha biyar ". A ƙarni na 15, masarautar daular Songhay ta arewacin arewacin mutanen Fon, a cikin kwarin Kogin Neja, tuni suna amfani da dubban bayi da aka kama don aikin noma. Buƙatar bautar bayi don samar da noman rake, auduga, man dabino, taba da sauran kayayyaki a cikin gonakin mulkin mallaka na Turai a duniya ya haɓaka sosai tsakanin 1650 da 1850. Bight of Benin tuni ya kasance yana jigilar bayi a ƙarshen karni na 17, kafin mutanen Fon su faɗaɗa masarautarsu don su mallaki layin bakin teku. Sarakunan Fon da 'yan kasuwa, waɗanda aka kafa ikonsu a gabar Tekun Atlantika tsakanin 1700 da 1740, sun shiga wannan kasuwar. Mutanen Fon sun rarrabu kan yadda zasu amsa bukatar bawa. Wasu masana sun ba da shawarar cewa mutanen Fon da masu mulkin Dahomey sun bayyana aniyarsu ta taykaita ko kawo karshen cinikin bayi, in ji Elizabeth Heath, amma shaidun tarihi sun tabbatar da cewa gabar tekun Benin da ta hada da tashar jiragen ruwan masu mulkin Dahomey da mutanen Fon sun zama daya daga cikin manyan masu fitar da bayi.
Masarautar Dahomey, tare da masarautan makwabta na Benin da daular Oyo, sun afkawa bayi ne kuma sun sayar da wadanda suka kamo su cikin bautar ƙasashen. Gasar ga kamammu, bayi da kudaden shiga na gwamnati, tsakanin masarautun Afirka, ya haɓaka haɓakar juna da matsin lamba. An sayar da fursunonin a matsayin bayi ga Turawa daga Bight of Benin (wanda kuma ake kira Slave Coast), daga ƙarni na sha takwas zuwa na sha tara. Mutanen Fon duka wadanda abin ya shafa ne kuma sun cutar da wasu ƙabilun. Wasu kamammun sun fito ne daga yaƙe-yaƙe, amma wasu sun fito ne daga satar tsari a cikin masarautar ko a iyakokin, da kuma ayarin bayi da fatake suka shigo da su daga yankin Afirka ta Yamma. Masarautar Dahomey ta mutanen Fon ce ke kula da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ouidah, daga inda jiragen ruwa masu yawa na Turawa suke sauka. Koyaya, wannan ba tashar jirgin ruwa kawai ba ce ta yankin kuma ta yi takara tare da tashar jiragen ruwa da wasu masarautun kusa ke sarrafawa akan Bight of Benin da Bight of Biafra.
Mutanen Fon, tare da ƙabilun da ke makwabtaka da su kamar mutanen Ewe, sun sauka a cikin masarautun Faransa don yin aiki a matsayin bayi a gonakin yankin Karibiyan da gaɓar Kudancin Amurka. Da farko ana kiransu Whydah, wanda ke nufin ma'anar "mutanen da Alladah ya sayar". Kalmar Whydah a bisa tsari ta rikide zuwa Rada, sunan al'ummar Afirka ta Yamma da suka shiga jiragen ruwa daga Bight of Benin, kuma yanzu ana samunsu a Haiti, Saint Lucia, Trinidad, Antilles na Faransa da sauran tsibirai da ke kusa da tasirin Faransa. A cikin wasu takaddun mulkin mallaka na Caribbean, ana samun wasu kalmomin maimaita kamar Rara.
'Yan kasuwar bayi da masu mallakar jiragen ruwan tsarin Turawan mulkin mallaka sun karfafa gasa, sun wadatar da masarautu iri daban-daban da makamai, wadanda suka biya tare da bayi, tare da gina kayayyakin more rayuwa kamar tashar jiragen ruwa da kagarai don karfafa kananan masarautu. Koyaya, cinikin bayi a cikin Bight of Benin ba da daɗewa ba ya ƙare yayin da ƙasashen Turai da na Amurka suka zartar da doka wacce ta haramta shigarsu cikin kasuwancin bayi. Al’umma ta karshe a cikin Amurka da ta haramtawa cinikin bayi a hukumance ita ce Imperial Brazil, a cikin 1851. Lokacin da fitowar bayi ta ƙare, sarkin mutanen Fon ya koma fitar da kayan noma zuwa Faransa, musamman dabino, amma yayi amfani da bayi don gudanar da gonakin. Fitar da kayan noma ba ta da riba kamar yadda ake fitarwa bayi a da. Don dawo da kuɗaɗen shiga na ƙasa ya ba da hayar tashar jiragen ruwa a masarautarsa ga Faransawa ta hanyar yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Faransawa sun fassara yarjejeniyar da cewa satar filaye da tashar jiragen ruwa, yayin da masarautar Dahomey ba ta yarda ba. Rigimar ta haifar da harin Faransa a 1890, da kuma mamaye masarautar a matsayin mulkin mallakar Faransa a 1892. Wannan ya fara mulkin mallaka ga mutanen Fon.
Mulkin mallaka na Faransa
Lokacin mulkin mallaka na Faransa ya nuna ƙarshen mulkin Fon, kodayake Faransa ta riƙe tsarin shuka, wanda suka gada daga masarauta. Bambancin kawai, don haka ya ce Patrick Manning - farfesa ne na Tarihin Duniya wanda ya ƙware kan Afirka, tsawon shekaru saba'in masu zuwa shi ne cewa mulkin mallakar Faransa, maimakon tsohon sarkin mutanen Fon, yanzu ya yanke shawarar yadda rarar (ribar) daga wadannan gonakin za a kashe. Masu kula da mulkin mallaka na Faransa sun yi wasu ingantattun kayan more rayuwa don haɓaka ribar shuka da kayan aiki don biyan bukatun mulkin mallaka na Faransa.
Haraji sababbi ga mutanen mulkin mallaka na Dahomey, wanda Faransanci ya kira impôt, kwatankwacin waɗanda aka riga aka aiwatar a Faransa, an gabatar da su ga dukkan ƙabilu, gami da mutanen Fon, daga masu mulkin mallaka. Biyan waɗannan a kai a kai ana adawa ko kawai an ƙi, wanda ya haifar da arangama, tawaye, kamawa, kalmomin gidan yari da aikin tilastawa. Waɗannan ƙorafe-korafen sun shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kishin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka wanda Fon mutane suka shiga ciki. Faransa ta amince da cin gashin kai ga Dahomey a 1958, da kuma samun cikakken 'yanci a 1960.
Addini
Wasu mutanen Fon sun musulunta zuwa addinin Krista ko Islama a ƙarƙashin tasirin mishaneri a lokacin mulkin mallaka, a cikin Benin da kuma yankunan Faransa na yammacin Indiya, amma da yawa sun ci gaba da al'adunsu na gargajiya. Yayin da Musulunci ya isa yankin na Benin tsakanin ƙarni na 11 da 13, Kiristanci ya karɓi mulkin Dahomey ne Agonglo wanda ya hau mulki a 1789, da magoya bayan sa na Fon, tare da maraba da mishaneri. A cewar Steven Mailloux, mishaneri sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗu da tsoffin ra'ayoyin mutanen Fon a kan cosmogenesis su zama daidai da Adam-Hauwa'u, kuma Legba su zama Shaidan Kirista, koyarwar da ta haifar da aiki tare maimakon barin su.
Kazakistan
Kazakistan ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Asiya. Babban birnin ƙasar Nur-Sultan ne..
Prince Ogbogbula
Princewill Ogbogbula (an haife shi ranar 18 ga watan Satumban 1970) shi ne kwamishinan ci gaban matasa na yanzu a majalisar zartarwa ta jihar Ribas. Gwamna Ezenwo Nyesom Wike ne ya naɗa shi muƙamin a cikin shekarar 2015.
Kazakistan
Hotuna
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Prince Ogbogbula
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife shi a Garin Ubio da ke ƙaramar hukumar Ahoada ta Yamma, ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na babbar makarantar sakandare ta Afirka ta Yamma a cikin shekarar 1988 a Makarantar Sakandaren Al’umma ta Erema. A cikin shekara ta 1995, ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Fatakwal da BA a Marketing. Sannan ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin kasuwanci a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas a shekarar 2000.
Ci gaban matasa
Ya shiga Majalisar zartarwa ta Wike a matsayin Kwamishinan Ci gaban Matasa a cikin watan Disamban 2015.
Wasu ofisoshin da aka gudanar
Ogbobula ya riƙe wasu muƙamai kamar:
Bashir Makhtal
Bashir Ahmed Makhtal (Somali) (an haife shi a shekarar 1977). ɗan asalin kasar Kanada ne da aka tsare a gidan yarin Habasha, inda aka zarge shi da ta’addanci kuma ya fuskanci hukuncin kisa. Kungiyoyi da dama sun soki gwamnatin Kanada saboda rashin aiwatarwa da farko kan neman a saki Makhal, ciki har da Amnesty International.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Makhtal a ƙasar Habasha ga iyayen Somaliya, waɗanda suka tsere daga Somalia da yaki ya daidaita a 1972. Kakansa shi ne ya kafa kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF), wadda Habasha ta ayyana a matsayin kungiyar ' yan ta'adda. A shekara ta 1991, Bashir ya yi hijira zuwa Toronto, Kanada, inda ya karanci ilimin kwamfuta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta DeVry, daga baya ya kammala digirinsa na farko a Texas. A cikin shekara ta 1994 an ba shi izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Kanada, kuma Bankin Montreal da CIBC sun ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin mai tsara shirye -shiryen kwamfuta.
A cikin shekara ta 2002, Makhtal ya yi balaguro zuwa Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, daga nan ya yi balaguro zuwa Djibouti, Kenya, Eritrea, da Somalia, yana siyar da sutura don tallafa wa kansa. A shekara ta 2006, bayan tsoma bakin sojan Habasha a Somaliya, harkokin kasashen waje na Kanada sun shawarci mutanen Kanada da ke Somalia da su gujewa rikicin da ke tafe. Makhtal ya tashi zuwa makwabciyar kasar Kenya, amma an cafke shi a lokacin da jirgin ya tashi. Bayan shafe makonni uku a Nairobi kurkuku, Makhtal aka dada renditioned zuwa Habasha-goyon baya gwamnatin a Somalia, wanda bude shari'ar da shi zuwa Habasha. An zargi Makhtal da kasancewa memba na kungiyar ta ONLF bisa ga kasancewar kakansa na farko,  da kuma hada kai da kungiyar ta'adda ta Somaliya al-Shabab. Gwamnatin Habasha ta musanta wakilcin Makhtal a kotu da lauyan sa na Canada, yana mai cewa tuni wani lauyan Habasha ya wakilci Makhtal. Kotun ta Habasha ta samu Makhtal da laifin kasancewa memba na kungiyar ta ONLF da kuma aiki tare da gwamnatin Eritrea wajen tsara kudade, daukar ma'aikata, da horar da mayakan kungiyar ta ONLF. Rahotanni da yawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa masu tambayoyi sun azabtar da Makhtal yayin da yake kurkuku,  koda yake gwamnatin Habasha ta musanta hakan. A watan Yunin shekara ta 2007 ya sami damar isar da wasika ga danginsa.
A ranar 18 ga Afrilu, na shekara ta 2018, an saki Makhtal daga kurkuku, kuma ya koma Kanada ranar 21 ga Afrilu
Adh-Dhariyat
Surat Adh-Dhariyat ( Larabci, "Iskoki masu naushi") Surar Alkur'ani ce ta 51 mai ayoyi 60. Surar ta ambaci annabawa kamar Ibrahim, Nuhu da Ranar Alk'iyama. Sannan kuma, ta sake maimaita ainihin sakon Alkurani.
Bashir Makhtal
Kanada
A lokacin da aka ɗaure Maktal, Jam'iyyar Conservative mai mulki ta zargi NDP da Jam'iyyar Liberal da rashin taimaka wa 'yan Kanada da ba fararen fata ba da aka daure a ƙasashen waje. Bayan an tabbatar masa da lafiyar Maktal a watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, gwamnatin Kanada ta aika da Deepak Obhrai, Sakataren Majalisa na Ministan Harkokin Waje, zuwa Habasha a watan Yuni don yin bincike kan halin da Maktal ke ciki. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009, gwamnatin Kanada ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi a saki Makhtal.
Adh-Dhariyat
Kamar yadda binciken adabin Neuwirth ya nuna, kamar yadda Ernst ya alaƙantar, sura ta 51, kamar yawancin surorin Makka na farko, ta ƙunshi tsari uku: I, 1– 23; II, 24–46; III, 47-60. Wadannan sassa guda uku an tabbatar da su a cikin fassarar Alqur'ani mai suna The Clear Quran na 2016, wanda ya karya dukkan Al-Qur'ani zuwa kananan sassa, ana iya kara wargaza su kamar haka: .
Bashir Makhtal
Habasha
Da take mayar da martani kan zarge -zargen take hakkin ɗan adam, gwamnatin Habasha ta zargi ƙasashen Yammacin duniya da rashin yin Allah wadai da hare -haren kungiyar 'yanci ta Ogaden.
Kabilar Bedaria
Bedaria ( البديرية ) ƙabilar Larabawa ce a Sudan. Tana daga cikin ƙabilar Ja'alin kuma ya ƙunshi wani kaso mai yawa na Larabawan Sudan. Suna jin Larabci na Sudan kuma galibinsu Musulmai Sunni ne.
Tarihi
Bedaria wani ɓangare ne na ƙabilar Ja'alin, wadanda suka samo asali daga zuriyar Abbas, kawun annabin musulunci Muhammad. A lokaci guda sun kasance ƙarƙashin sarakunan Funj, amma matsayinsu yana cikin ma'auni mai zaman kansa. A harin da Masar ta kai a shekara ta 1820, Ja'alin sun kasance mafi karfi a cikin kabilun Larabawa a cikin kwarin Nilu. Da farko sun mika wuya, amma a shekara ta 1822 suka yi tawaye suka kashe sojojin Masar a Shendi tare da Mek Nimir, wani shugaban Ja'ali da ya kona Ismail, dan Muhammad Ali Pasha da makarrabansa a wajen liyafa. Tawayen suka danne babu tausayi, sai ga Ja'alin suna gaba suna kallon tuhuma. Kusan su ne na farko daga cikin ƙabilun arewa da suka shiga mahdi a 1884, kuma matsayinsu na arewacin Khartoum ne ya sa sadarwa da Janar Gordon ke da wuya. Ƴan Ja’alin yanzu sun zama ƴan noma da ba za su yi ƙaura ba. Dangane da yawancin sauran ƙasashen larabawa, matakin da aka ɗauka na Larabawa a hankali a Sudan ya haifar da fifikon harshen Larabci da al'adun Larabawa, Yawan mutanen Sudan ya haɗa da kabilu daban-daban waɗanda suke da ƙabila na Larabawa, kamar su. the Shaigya, Ja'alin, Shukria, Juhaynah. Burckhardt ya lura cewa Ja'alin na Hamada ta Gabas kusan ba za a iya bambanta su da Makiyaya na Gabashin Arabiya.
Larabcin Sudan
An lura a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 cewa Larabci da ake magana da shi a Sudan har yanzu yana riƙe da fasali na nahawu da yare irin wanda aka gabatar daga yankin Larabawa a ƙarni na 12, kuma a sakamakon haka Larabci na Sudan wani nau'i ne na "Larabci mai tsafta amma na gargajiya". Wannan, a cikin wasu sifofi, yana taimakawa wajen bambance Larabci da ake magana a Sudan da na maƙwabciyarta, Masar.
Salon rayuwa
Wasu Bedaria har yanzu suna noma da kiwo a gefen kogin Nilu da kuma yammacin Sudan, amma a yau sun fi ƙunshi mafi yawan al'ummar biranen Sudan, wanda ke zama babban bangaren 'yan kasuwa. Ko da yake da yawa sun ƙaura zuwa birane, kamar babban birnin Sudan ta Khartoum, har yanzu suna riƙe da ƙabilanci da haɗin kai. Sun shahara wajen kulla alaka da kasarsu ta haihuwa, suna tuntubar gidansu na asali kuma suna komawa zuwa ziyara akai-akai, musamman na aure, jana'izar da bukukuwan musulmi.
Chidi Imoh
Chukwudi "Chidi" Imoh (an haifeshi ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, 1965) tsohon ɗan tseren tsere ne daga Najeriya wanda ya ci lambar azurfa ta Olympic a tseren mita (4 x 100 ) a Gasar Wasannin bazara ta shekarar (1992). Ya kuma lashe lambar azurfa a cikin mita (100) a Wasannin Kyau na shekara ta (1986) ya gama a bayan Ben Johnson kuma a gaban Carl Lewis. Ya lashe lambar tagulla ta mita (60 ) a Gasar Cikin Gida ta Duniya ta shekarar (1991) kuma ya zama zakaran Afirka a shekara ta (1984 da 1985).
Kungiyar Kwallon Hannu ta Maza ta Libya
Kungiyar kwallon hannu ta Maza ta Libya, ita ce kungiyar da take wakiltar kasar Libya a gasar kwallon hannu ta kasa da kasa kuma hukumar kula da wasan kwallon hannu ta Libya daya ce daga cikin mambobin kungiyar kwallon hannu ta Afirka da kuma kungiyar kwallon hannu ta kasa da kasa.
Chidi Imoh
A cikin shekara ta (1986) ya sanya lokacin jagoran duniya na wannan shekarar a cikin mita( 100).
Imoh kuma tsohon dan tsere ne na Jami'ar Missouri a Columbia. Yana riƙe rikodin a can a cikin mita (200) na waje tare da lokacin (19.9, 100 m ) waje tare da lokacin (10.00) kuma a cikin( 55 m ) na cikin gida tare da lokacin (6.10).
Robert Ojo
Robert Ojo (29 Afrilu 1941 – 27 Maris 2014) ɗan tseren wasan Najeriya ne. Ya fafata a tseren mita 100 na maza a Gasar Wasannin bazara ta 1968.
Étienne Alain Djissikadié
Étienne Alain Djissikadié (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Janairu 1977 ) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Gabon wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari. Ya buga wa tawagar kasar Gabon wasa.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Djissikadie ya kasance memba na yau da kullun a cikin tawagar kasar Gabon. Ya buga wasa daga shekarun 1997 har zuwa 2014 a wasanni 47 na FIFA ya zura kwallaye biyu.
Taiwan
Taiwan, [upper-roman 2] a hukumance Jamhuriyar Sin ( ROC ), [upper-roman 1]  ƙasa ce a Gabashin Asiya, a mahaɗar Tekun Gabas da Kudancin China a arewa maso yammacin Tekun Pasifik, tare da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (PRC) zuwa arewa maso yamma, Japan zuwa arewa maso gabas, da Philippines a kudu. Yankunan da ROC ke sarrafawa sun ƙunshi tsibiran 168, tare da yanki mai 36193 km2. Babban tsibirin Taiwan, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Formosa, yana da fadin 35,808 km2, tare da tsaunin tsaunuka da ke mamaye gabas kashi biyu bisa uku da filayen fili a yamma na uku, inda yawan jama'arta ke da yawa. Babban birnin, Taipei, ta kasance tare da New Taipei City da Keelung mafi girma a yankin Taiwan. Sauran manyan biranen sun hada da Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, da Kaohsiung. Tare da kusan mutane miliyan 23.9, mazaunanta Taiwan tana cikin ƙasashe mafiya yawan jama'a a duniya. An zauna a Taiwan akalla shekaru 25,000. Kakannin 'yan asalin Taiwan sun zauna a tsibirin kimanin shekaru 6,000 da suka wuce. A cikin karni na 17, manyan Sinanci na Han (musamman Hakkas da Hoklos) zuwa yammacin Taiwan ta fara a karkashin mulkin mallaka na Holland kuma ta ci gaba a karkashin Masarautar Tungning. Daular Qing ta kasar Sin ta mamaye tsibirin a shekara ta 1683 kuma ta mika shi ga daular Japan a shekara ta 1895. Jamhuriyar China wadda ta hambarar da gwamnatin Qing a shekara ta 1911, ta karbi iko da yankin Taiwan a madadin kawancen yakin duniya na biyu bayan mika wuya ga kasar Japan a shekarar 1945. Sake dawo da yakin basasar kasar Sin nan take ya haifar da asarar babban yankin kasar Sin ga sojojin kwaminisanci wadanda suka kafa jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin, da jirgin gwamnatin tsakiya na ROC zuwa Taiwan a shekarar 1949. Ingancin ikon ROC tun yana iyakance ga Formosa, Penghu, da ƙananan tsibiran.
A farkon shekarar 1960, Taiwan ta shiga wani lokaci na saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arziki da masana'antu da ake kira "Mu'ujizar Taiwan". A ƙarshen shekarar 1980s da farkon 1990s, ROC ta sauya sheka daga jam'iyya ɗaya a ƙarƙashin dokar yaƙi zuwa dimokuradiyya mai yawan jam'iyyu, tare da zaɓaɓɓun shugabannin ta hanyar dimokuradiyya tun a 1996. Tattalin arzikin masana'antu na Taiwan mai dogaro da kai zuwa ketare shi ne na 21 mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar GDP na musamman kuma na 19 mafi girma ta matakan PPP, tare da mai da hankali kan masana'antar karafa, injina, lantarki da sinadarai. Taiwan kasa ce mai ci gaba,  tana matsayi na 20 a kan GDP na kowane mutum. Tana da daraja sosai dangane da 'yancin ɗan adam, kiwon lafiya, Multiple sources:
Michael Kort (2005). The Handbook Of East Asia. Lerner Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-0761326724. Retrieved 26 June 2022. South Korea is another emerging economic powerhouse, as is the Republic of China (ROC), a small country that occupies the island of Taiwan in the shadow of its enormous and hostile mainland neighbor, the PRC.
Fell, Dafydd (2018). Government and Politics in Taiwan. London: Routledge. p. 305. ISBN 978-1317285069. Moreover, its status as a vibrant democratic state has earned it huge international sympathy and a generally positive image.
Harshen Fali
Harshen Fali ya ƙunshi yare biyu da ake magana da su a arewacin Kamaru. Yana daya daga cikin harsunan Greenberg na Adamawa (a matsayin Group G11), an cire shi daga wannan dangin ta Boyd (1989). Roger Blench ya yi zargin cewa tana iya wakiltar ɗayan zuriya da farko da suka yanke reshen hannun jari na Atlantic-Congo.
Taiwan
Campbell, Matthew (7 January 2020). "China's Next Crisis Brews in Taiwan's Upcoming Election". Bloomberg Businessweek. No. 4642. pp. 34–39. ISSN 0007-7135. Retrieved 24 September 2020. Much has changed in Taiwan since Chiang's day, but this liminal quality has never really gone away. By almost any functional standard, it's a sovereign country
Harshen Fali
Iri-iri
Dangane da Ethnologue 16, rassa biyu na Fali sun “banbanta,” amma ba a bayyana yadda suka bambanta ba. Blench da alama yana kula dasu kamar rabin dozin yare a rassa biyu. Kudancin Fali yana da masu magana 20,000, tare da yaruka da yawa. Arewa Fali, mai masu magana 16,000, ita ma tana da yarukan da yawa; Masu magana da harshen Arewa Fali suna "saurin" sauyawa zuwa fullancin Adamawa Fulfulde kafin shekarar 1982.
Taiwan
Carolan, Christopher (May 2000). "The "Republic of Taiwan": Legal-Historical Justification for a Taiwanese Declaration of Independence" (PDF). New York University Law Review. 75 (2): 429–468. Retrieved 17 March 2022. These six criteria demonstrate that under international law Taiwan merits recognition as an independent state and as such is already a de facto state.
Harshen Fali
Iri-iri
A da ana amfani da yaren Nimbari a yankin kudancin Fali, amma mutanen Nimbari yanzu suna magana da Fali Kangou.
Taiwan
Donald S. Zagoria (30 October 2003). Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse. ABC-CLIO. pp. 68–. ISBN 978-0-313-05755-7. OCLC 1058389524. Retrieved 20 March 2022. Taiwan possesses all of the elements of a sovereign state: a legitimate government, population, and a well-defined territory. The fact is that the People's Republic of China (PRC), while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan, has never ruled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. Thus, Taiwan is in fact a sovereign country from our perspective.
da ci gaban ɗan adam. [lower-alpha 13] Matsayin siyasar Taiwan yana da rikici. ROC ba ta wakiltar kasar Sin a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, bayan da mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka kada kuri'a a 1971 don amincewa da PRC maimakon. ROC ta ci gaba da da'awar cewa ita ce kadai halaltacciyar wakiliyar kasar Sin da yankinta, ko da yake an yi watsi da hakan tun bayan samun dimokradiyya a shekarun 1990. Taiwan na da'awar PRC, wanda ya ƙi dangantakar diflomasiyya da ƙasashen da suka amince da ROC. Taiwan na kula da huldar diflomasiyya a hukumance tare da kasashe 13 cikin 193 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma Holy see,  ko da yake wasu da yawa suna ci gaba da huldar diflomasiyya ta hanyar ofisoshin wakilai da cibiyoyi da ke aiki a  ofisoshin jakadanci da ofisoshin jakadanci. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda PRC ke shiga a ciki ko dai sun ƙi ba da izinin zama memba zuwa Taiwan ko kuma su ba ta damar shiga ba ta jiha ba a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban. A cikin gida, babbar takaddamar siyasa ita ce tsakanin jam'iyyun da ke goyon bayan hadewar kasar Sin a nan gaba, da inganta matsayin kasar Sin, sabanin wadanda ke neman karbuwa a duniya a hukumance, da kuma daukaka matsayin Taiwan; a cikin karni na 21, dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun daidaita matsayinsu don fadada roko.
Manazarta
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Isa
Isah Almasihu, Mai ceto (hrsh-el|Ἰησοῦς|transl=Iesous); hrsh-he|ישוע|Yēšū́aʿ); -larabci|عيسى|Annabi Isah), an sansa da Isah na Nazareth da Isah Mai ceto, (Akwai sunaye da dama da ake wa Isah laƙabi da su a cikin littafi mai tsarki na sabon alƙawari. Ya kasance malami ne na Nasara kuma shugaban addini mai da'awa da ya kasance tun a karni na daya. Shi ne mafi darajar dan-Adam a addinin Kiristanci. Yawancin Kirista sun yi imanin cewa shi ne sura na ɗan Adam na Ubangiji da ya zo duniya kuma mai ceto da zai dawo a karshen duniya kamar yadda littafi mai tsarki na tsohon alƙawari ya tabbatar da Alqur'ani.
Yawancin Malamai sun yarda da cewar tarihin rayuwar Isah da tarihin sa, kamar yadda Richard A. Burridge yace: "Akwai wadanda suke fadin cewar Isah kawai wani kirkira ne da Coci siffanta shi, suna ganin ba wani Isah a zahirin rayuwa. Amma zance ban san wani malami da nake girmamawa ba dana sani, Wanda yake fadin haka a halin yanzu". Robert M. Price bai yarda da cewar an taba yin Isah ba, amma kuma ya yarda da cewar ba Malamai dayawa ba ne suke ganin hakan. James D. G. Dunn yana kiran da'awar cewar ba'a taba yin Isah a rayuwa ba, a matsayin "da'awa data mutu" aka bar yin ta a yanzu. Michael Grant (a classicist) ya rubuta a 1977, "A shekarun nan, 'babu wani malami mai hankali da zai fara cewa babu tarihin samun Isah' ko at any rate very few, and they have not succeeded in disposing of the much stronger, indeed very abundant, evidence to the contrary". Robert E. Van Voorst yafadi cewa Malaman baibul da kwararrun ýan tarihi suna ganin da'awar da muna cewa ba Isah a matsayin wata da'awa da aka ƙaryata ta. duk da cewar Nemansu akan Isah na Tarihi yayi sanadiyar samun karancin yarda akan Tarihan Dogaro Da Baibul da kuma yadda akayi kokarin zanen Isahn acikin baibul dayayi kama da Isah na Tarihi. Ehrman ya rubuta: "The notion that the Gospel accounts are not completely accurate but still important for the religious truths they try to convey is widely shared in the scholarly world, even though it's not so widely known or believed outside of it." efn|Sanders writes: "The earliest Christians did not write a narrative of Jesus' life, but rather made use of, and thus preserved, individual units—short passages about his words and deeds. These units were later moved and arranged by authors and editors. ... Some material has been revised and some created by early Christians." Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry, preaching his message orally and often being referred to as "rabbi". Jesus debated with fellow Jews on how to best follow God, engaged in healings, taught in parables and gathered followers. He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities, turned over to the Roman government, and was subsequently crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect. After his death, his followers believed he rose from the dead, and the community they formed eventually became the early Church.
Koyarwar kirista ta tabbatar da imani da yarda da haihuwar Isah sanadiyar ruhine da aka cusa a cikin Mahaifiyarsa ta hannun Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, yana nuna miracles, yasamar da coci, yarasu sanadiyar gicciye shi da akayi, a matsayin sadaukar dashi dan cimma atonement, yatashi bayan yamutu, sannan ascended zuwa Heaven, daga nan ne will return. yawancin Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three persons of the Trinity. A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, as non-scriptural.