cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Dijon kameri
Dijon Kameri an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu a shekarar 2004, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Austriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bundesliga ta Red Bull Salzburg.
W
W ko w itace harafi ta ashirin da ukku (23) a jerin haruffan rubutu na Latin, wanda ake amfani da su a yanzu wurin harshen Turanci dama wasu yaruka da yawa.
Sabbaruddin Chik
Tan Sri Sabbaruddin bin Chik (Jawi: الدين بن چئ; 13 Disamba 1941 - 4 Disamba 2021) ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Al'adu, Fasaha da Yawon Bude Ido daga 1987 zuwa 1996.
Ilimi
Chik ya kammala karatu tare da BA (Hons) daga Jami'ar Malaya a 1966 kuma daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a daga Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a, a Netherlands a 1974.
Ayyukan jama'a
Chik ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Negeri Sembilan a shekarar 1966. Bayan shekara guda, an nada shi Mataimakin Sakatare na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. Daga nan, an inganta shi a matsayin Sakatare na biyu a Ofishin Jakadancin Malaysia a Saigon, Vietnam. Daga nan aka nada shi mai kula da harkokin ofishin jakadancin (1969-1971).
Daga nan sai ya hau mukamai daban-daban a cikin ayyukan jama'a, ciki har da Babban Mataimakin Sakatare a Sashen Firayim Minista, Darakta na Sashin Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki a Sashen Fayim Minista da Darakta Na Kasuwanci na Duniya, Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu daga 1971 zuwa 1979.
A ƙarshe, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnatin Selangor daga 1980 zuwa 1981.
Siyasa
Chik ya fara aikinsa na siyasa lokacin da ya tsaya takarar kujerun majalisar dokoki na Temerloh kuma ya rike kujerar daga 1982 zuwa 1999. Daga nan aka sanya shi Mataimakin Ministan Kudi a 1982 zuwa 1987 a karkashin majalisar ministocin Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. Daga nan aka nada shi Ministan Al'adu, Fasaha da Yawon Bude Ido daga 1987 zuwa 1999.
Yin ritaya
Chik ya kasance shugaban kamfanoni daban-daban kamar su Amanah Raya Berhad, Bankin Ker acced Rakyat Malaysia Berhad, Priceworth International Berhad, Eden Inc. Berhad (wanda aka fi sani da Eden Enterprises (M) Bhd), Pernas Trading Sdn Bhd, Malaysian Electronic Payment System Sdn Bdad, Nudex Ventures Sdn. Bhd da IPTB Sdn Bhd.
Mutuwa
Chik ya mutu daga COVID-19 a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Malaya a Kuala Lumpur a ranar 4 ga Disamba 2021, yana da shekaru 79 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Malaysia. An binne shi a Kabari na Musulmi na Bukit Kiara a Kuala Lumpur.
Johanna Goldschmidt
Johanna Goldschmidt (an haife shi Johanna Schwabe a ranar 11 ga Disamba 1807 a Bremerlehe,ya mutu 10 Oktoba 1884 a Hamburg)ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewar jama'a ne,marubuci kuma ɗan agaji.Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tallafawa Friedrich Fröbel da kuma yada manufar " kindergarten ".
Downers Grove
Downers Grove wani yanki ne a cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Johanna Goldschmidt
Iyali
An haifi Johanna Schwabe a ranar 11 ga Disamba 1807 a Bremerlehe ga ɗan kasuwa Bayahude Marcus Hertz Schwabe da Henriette(née Lazarus).A cikin 1812,dangin Schwabe masu arziki sun koma Hamburg.Mahaifinta ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Temple Reform Temple na Hamburg a 1817.Johanna yarinya ce mai ƙwazo,tana jin harsuna da yawa,tana buga piano,violin da garaya, kuma tana iya rera waƙa sosai.Hazaka ta samu goyon bayan malamanta.
Maurits Kjaergaard
Maurits Kjaergaard
Maurits Kjærgaard (an Haife shi 26 ga Yuni 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bundesliga ta Ostiriya  Red Bull Salzburg.
Johanna Goldschmidt
Aiki
A cikin shekarun 1840,mata irin su Johanna Goldschmidt ta Hamburg sun yunƙura a wajen al'ummar Yahudawa don haɗa ƙarfi da mata Kiristoci masu ra'ayi iri ɗaya don haɓaka juriyar addini da sabbin hanyoyin ilimi. A cikin 1847 ta rubuta littafinta na farko,Rebekka da Amalia,wanda aka rubuta a matsayin jerin wasiƙa tsakanin wani matashi Bayahude, Rebekka, da kuma Kirista aristocrat mai suna Amalia."Babban batu na aikin shi ne matsalar tubar Yahudawa da hadewa,amma a daya daga cikin babi nasa,Goldschmidt ya mayar da hankali kan wani shiri na kungiyar da mata masu arziki za su taimaka wa mata masu fama da talauci don inganta kansu ta hanyar laccoci da koyarwa." A cikin 1848,Goldschmidt ya zama co-kafa Frauenverein zur Bekämpfung und Ausgleichung religiöser Vorurteile,ƙungiyar mata don yaƙar da rage ra'ayin addini.Tun 1848,Johanna Goldschmidt yana hulɗa da Friedrich Fröbel kuma ya gayyace shi a cikin Nuwamba 1849 zuwa Hamburg.Wannan ya haifar da kafuwar Hochschule für das weibliche Geschlecht (1850-1852),cibiyar farko ta manyan makarantu ga mata a Jamus.A cikin wannan aikin ta yi aiki tare da mata Kiristoci masu sassaucin ra'ayi.An karantar da malaman kindergarten 22 kuma an bude makarantar kindergarten ta farko ga yara 70 a Hamburg.Rigimarta Zur Sache Fröbels,wanda aka buga a 1853,ya haifar da abin mamaki.Ta kare tsarin karatunsa daga zarge-zargen rashin adalci.Ta kuma kare ra'ayin ilimi mafi girma ga mata ga abokan adawa kamar Karl Gutzkow ko kuma gwamnatin Prussian da aka kafa a Altona a 1867. A cikin 1860,Goldschmidt ya kafa Hamburger-Fröbel-Verein.An ƙara wata makarantar sakandare dabam zuwa makarantar hauza a matsayin cibiyar motsa jiki.Makarantar hauza har yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Staatliche Fachschule für Sozialpädagogik (Fröbelseminar).Gaba daya ta bude kindergarten tara.An buga wasanta, Blick in die Familie (A Look at the Family),a 1860 kuma an buɗe shi a Hamburg a 1864.
Johanna Goldschmidt ta tsaya tare da Clara Schumann,Johannes Brahms da malami Adolph Diesterweg.
X
X ko x itace harafi ta ashirin da hudu (24) a jerin haruffan rubutu na Latin, wanda ake amfani da su a yanzu wurin harshen Turanci dama wasu yaruka da yawa.
Bikin Fiok
Sarakuna da mutanen Sandema ne ke gudanar da bikin Fiok (wanda kuma aka fi sani da Feok Festival) a yankin Gabas ta Gabashin Ghana. Ana gudanar da bikin ne a cikin watan Disamba na kowace shekara.
Biki
Masu raye-rayen yaki daga kauyuka daban-daban na yankin sun yi wasan kwaikwayo a kan dandali. Suna dauke da baka da kibau, gajerun gatari, garkuwa da mashi don farfado da al’amuran da suka faru na yake-yake na shekarun baya. Akwai kuma fage na tsayin daka da yadda Babatu ya sha kashi.
Kisan gilla a kwalejin Gujba
A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, 2013, wasu ƴan bindiga na ƙungiyar Boko Haram sun shiga ɗakin kwanan dalibai na maza a cikin makarantar Kwalejin Aikin Noma da ke Gujba a Jihar Yobe a Najeriya, inda suka hallaka dalibai da malamai su arba’in da huɗu.
Bikin Fiok
Muhimmanci
Bikin ya zama mai matukar muhimmanci a yankin Builsa a halin yanzu. An yi iƙirarin ya ba da haƙiƙa na ainihi da kuma haɗin kai ga mutane.
Kisan gilla a kwalejin Gujba
Wai-wa-ye
An kafa kungiyar ta Boko Haram ne a shekara ta 2002 domin yaki da kakkabe kasashen Larabawa a Najeriya, wanda ƙungiyar ke ganin shi ne tushen aikata laifuka a ƙasar. Daga shekara ta 2009 zuwa 2013, tashe-tashen hankula, rikice-rikice masu nasaba Boko Haram ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane dubu 3,600, ciki har da fararen hula 1,600. A tsakkiyar watan Mayun shekara ta 2013, gwamnatin tarayya ta saka dokar ta ɓaci a jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe, da nufin kawo ƙarshen ta'addancin ƴan ta'adan Boko Haram. Sakamakon murkushe ƴan Boko Haram ɗin ya kai ga kame ko kuma kashe ɗaruruwan mayaƙan na Boko Haram, yayin da sauran suka fantsama cikin yankunan tsaunuka, inda suka riƙa kai wa fararen hula hari.
Tun a shekara ta 2010, Boko Haram ke kai hare-hare a makarantu, inda suka kashe ɗaruruwan dalibai. Wani mai magana da yawun ƙungiyar, ya ce; za a ci gaba da kai hare-hare muddin gwamnati ta ci gaba da yin katsalandan ga ilimin kur'ani. Sama da yara dubu 10,000 ne ba sa iya zuwa makaranta a yanzu sakamakon hare-haren da ƴan Boko Haram ke kaiwa. Kuma kimanin mutane dubu 20,000 ne suka tsere daga Yobe zuwa Kamaru a cikin watan Yunin shekarar 2013, domin gujewa afkuwar tashin hankalin rutsawa da su.
Kai hari
Da misalin karfe ɗaya na safe ne ƴan bindigar Boko Haram suka shiga kwalejin inda suka buɗe wuta kan daliban a dai-dai lokacin da ɗaliban suke tsaka da barci. Wurin kwana ɗalibai maza ne kawai suka nufa. Gawarwaki arba'in da biyu ne sojojin Najeriya suka zaƙulo yayin da aka kai goma sha takwas da suka jikkata zuwa asibitin kwararru na Damaturu. Biyu daga cikin waɗanda suka jikkata daga baya sun mutu.
A cewar wani da ya tsira, maharan sun shiga cikin kwalejin ne a cikin motoci guda biyu. Wasu na sanye da kayan sojan Najeriya, kuma kusan dukkan waɗanda aka kashen Musulmai ne, haka zalika dalibai ne. Wannan harin ya zuwa biyo bayan harin da aka kai a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli, 2013 a Mamudo da ke wajen Damaturu wanda yai sanadiyyar mutuwar dalibai 29 da wani malami, wasu an ƙona su da ransu, hakan ya sa aka rufe makarantu da dama a yankin, da kuma wasu hare-haren da aka kai a cikin makon da ya biyo bayan kashe wasu fararen hular kuma su 30. Sunan ƙungiyar Boko Haram, na nufin "ilimin yamma zunubi ne".
Bayan hare-haren, wasu dalibai 1000 sun tsere daga kwalejin. Ga dukkan alamu mayakan sun samu mafaka ne a tsaunin Gwoza, inda suka samu mafaka a cikin kogo daga hare-haren bama-bamai da sojoji suka yi. Rikicin da aka yi da sojojin Najeriya ya yi sanadin mutuwar 'yan ta'adda 100 da sojoji 16. A garin Gwoza da ake jinyar wasu daga cikin waɗanda lamarin ya rutsa da su, mayaƙan sun kori jami’an lafiya daga asibitin gwamnati tare da ƙona wasu makarantun gwamnati guda uku, kuma an ce garin ya zama ba kowa. Fiye da mutane dubu 30,000 daga yankin sun yi gudun hijira zuwa Kamaru da Chadi.
Downs
Downs Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Z
Z ko z itace harafi ta ashirin da shidda (26) kuma ta karshe a jerin haruffan rubutu na Latin, wanda ake amfani da su a yanzu wurin harshen Turanci dama wasu yaruka da yawa.
Cheremshyna
Cheremshyna suna ne ga Prunus padus (Bird Cherry) a harshen kasar Ukraine.
A baya Mykola Yuriychuk ya yi aiki a ramukan hakar ma'adinai a Jezkazgan, Kazakhstan, amma bayan samun nakasu a 1964 ya koma gida zuwa birnin Bukovinian Vashkivtsi. A gida Yuriychuk ya rubuta waƙoƙi don gaba ba tare da wani tsammanin akan abun da zai faru ba kuma ya ba wa abokinsa Mykhailyuk su kamar waɗanda waɗancan waƙoƙin za su yi amfani wata rana. An ajiye rubutacciyar waƙar a cikin akwati kuma an bar su a wurin har tsawon shekara, a cikin shekarar 1965 yayinda yake yawo a cikin lambu, Mykhailyuk ya samar da kidan wakar. Ya ruga zuwa gidansa, ya zauna a piano ɗinsa, ya buga waƙa, sannan ya rubuta rubutu da sauri a kan takarda.
Vasyl Mykhailyuk ya ambata cewa a cikin 1965 shi da ƙungiyar mawaƙa sun yi tafiya zuwa Kyiv don bikin cika shekaru 25 na hadewar Arewacin Bukovina da kasar Ukraine kuma a can Dmytro Hnatiuk ya ji waƙar. Ya ba wa waƙar fikafikai kuma yana mai godiya a gare shi da yasa waƙar ta ratsa duk fadin duniya.
Daga cikin sauran wadanda suka taka rawa akwai Sofia Rotaru, Taisia Povaliy ( Ukraine ), Kvitka Cisyk ( Amurka ), Stepan Pasicznyk ( UK ), Evdokimov Yaroslav Alexandrovich ( Rasha ), Tatiana Bulanova, Aleksandr Malinin ( Rasha ) da sauransu da yawa.
Kwallon kafa a Malawi
Wasanƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Malawi shi ne mafi shaharar wasa a ƙasar. Hukumar kula da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ke tafiyar da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar Malawi. Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, da kuma Super League na Malawi. Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shine mafi shaharar wasanni a Malawi.
Tarihi
An kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Nyasaland a shekara ta 1938.
Tawagar kasa
A gasar cin kofin Afrika ta 2021 Malawi ta kai zagaye na biyu na gasar a karon farko.
Panduleni Nekundi
Halleluya Panduleni Nekundi (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba 1998) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Namibia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kulob ɗin African Stars FC da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Namibia.
Ƙasashen Duniya
Nekundi ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 2014 a wasan sada zumunci da Ghana ta doke su da ci 1-0. A bayyanarsa ta gaba, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a duniya, inda ya daidaita a karshen wasan sada zumunci da Tanzania 1-1.
Du Bois
Du BoisWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Nturukpum
Nturukpum ƙauye ne a ƙaramar hukumar Uruan jihar Akwa Ibom, Najeriya.
Linda Mazri
Linda Mazri ( ليندا مازري; an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2001). 'yar wasan badminton 'yar Algeria ce. Ita ce ta lashe lambar zinare a wasannin Afirka da kuma gasar cin kofin Afirka.
Mazri ta fara wakilcin Algeria tun tana 'yar shekara 13, ta kuma yi takara a karon farko da ‘yan wasan kasar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta ‘yan kasa da shekaru 15 na kasar Serbia, kuma a lokacin ta lashe lambobin tagulla biyu a gasar ‘yan wasa da na mata. Mazri ta kuma wakilci kasarta a gasar cin kofin Afrika na 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 da Masar ta karbi bakunci, kuma ta samu lambar tagulla a bangaren 'yan wasa daya da azurfa a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka. Bayan haka, ta shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta Afirka ta Kudu, ta kuma lashe gasar tagulla guda daya da na 'yan mata na zinare, sannan a gasar Uganda ta lashe zinare na zinare da na tagulla tare da lashe kyautuka da yawa a matakin. Singles doubles da gauraye biyu a gasar zakarun Larabawa. Mazri ta haskaka a gasar cin kofin duniya da aka gudanar a kasar Aljeriya a shekarar 2017 a lokacin da ta lashe zinare na gwal biyu da tagulla na girl's doubles, kuma a shekara mai zuwa, a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta lashe zinare na gwal biyu. kuma ta sake maimaita irin wannan abu a gasar cin kofin Afrika da aka gudanar a Najeriya 2019 ta lashe zinare a Mixed doubles, tagulla a gasar women's doubles da kuma samun gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da za a yi a kasar Sin a shekarar 2018.
Wasannin Afirka
Mixed doubles
Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka
Women's doubles Mixed doubles
Gasar Kananan Afrika
Girl's singles Mixed doubles
BWF International
Women's singles Women's doubles Mixed doubles
BWF Junior International
Girl's singles Girl's doubles Mixed doubles
Dupo
Dupo Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Dunlap
Dunlap Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Roslan Ahmad
Roslan bin Ahmad ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Jihar Malacca.
Kingsley Moghalu
Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu masanin tattalin arzikin Najeriya ne.
Nico González
Nicolás González Iglesias (an haife shi ne a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu a shekarar 2002), wani lokaci ana kiransa kawai Nico, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Primeira Liga ta kasar Portugal wato fc Porto.
Kingsley Moghalu
Nasarori
Moghalu shi ne wanda ya kafa Sogato Strategies LLC, kamfani mai ba da shawara kan saka hannun jari a duniya, kuma shugaban Cibiyar Mulki da Canjin Tattalin Arziƙi (IGET), cibiyar nazarin manufofin jama'a. Shi babban ɗan'uwa ne wanda ba mazaunin gida ba a Majalisar Kan Kasuwa ta Haɓaka Kasuwa a Makarantar Fletcher a Jami'ar Tufts kuma shi ne Jakadan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) na Musamman kan Kuɗin Ci Gaban Ci Gaba na Afirka.
Moghalu memba ne na Majalisar Ba da Shawarwari ta Ƙungiyar Cibiyoyin Kuɗi da Kuɗi (OMFIF). A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2021, ya bayyana cewa ya shirya tsayawa takarar shugabancin Najeriya a 2023.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Moghalu a Legas a shekarar 1963 ga Isaac Moghalu, jami’in ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Najeriya da Vidah Moghalu, malamin makaranta. Moghalu ya yi ƙuruciyarsa a Switzerland da Washington, DC, inda aka aika mahaifinsa. Isaac Moghalu ya mayar da aikinsa zuwa yankin Gabashin Najeriya yayin da ƙasar ke fama da rikicin siyasa da na jin ƙai, kuma dangin sun dawo Najeriya a watan Afrilun 1967. A watan Mayu ne yankin Gabashin ƙasar ya sanar da ɓallewa daga Najeriya, kuma Moghalu da iyalansa sun zauna a mahaifarsa ta Nnewi, da kuma Umuahia, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Biafra na gajeren lokaci, a lokacin yaƙin basasar da ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyu ana gwabzawa. da rabin shekara. A shekarun 1970 Kingsley ya samu karatunsa na sakandare a Eziama High School, Aba, Government College Umuahia, da Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya Enugu. Ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Najeriya a shekarar 1986, sannan ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a daga makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Najeriya da ke Legas.
Nico González
Aikin Kungiya
Barcelona
Kingsley Moghalu
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Moghalu ya samu digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha a shekarar 1992, a makarantar Fletcher ta fannin shari'a da diflomasiyya a jami'ar Tufts, inda ya kasance Joan Gillespie Fellow kuma mataimakin bincike a shirin tattalin arzikin ƙasa da ƙasa. Daga baya Moghalu ya sami digirinsa na digirin digirgir a fannin huɗɗar ƙasa da ƙasa a Makarantar Koyon Tattalin Arziƙi da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Landan a shekarar 2005 tare da wani ƙasida mai taken "Justice as Policy and Strategy: A binciken da ake yi na tashin hankali tsakanin martanin siyasa da shari'a game da keta dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa". . Ya kuma sami takardar shedar ƙasa da ƙasa a fannin sarrafa kasada daga Cibiyar Kula da Haɗarin da ke Landan. Ya sami babban ilimin zartarwa a cikin macroeconomics da sarrafa sassan hada-hadar kudi, gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, da jagoranci dabarun duniya a Cibiyar Bayar da Lamuni ta Duniya, Makarantar Gwamnati ta Kennedy ta Jami'ar Harvard, Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard, da Makarantar Wharton a Jami'ar Pennsylvania.
Sana'a
Moghalu ya shiga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a shekarar 1992. Aikin farko da ya yi shi ne a Cambodia a matsayin jami’in kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da zaɓe na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Hukumar Riƙon ƙwarya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Cambodia. Bayan shekara guda, an naɗa shi jami'in harkokin siyasa a sashen ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya a hedkwatar MDD dake New York. Daga 1996 zuwa 1997, ya yi aiki a tsohuwar Yugoslavia a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa ga wakilin musamman na babban sakataren MDD a Croatia. Daga nan aka naɗa Kingsley a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari’a ga Kotun Hukunta Laifukan Ruwanda ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNICTR) da ke Arusha, Tanzaniya, a cikin 1997, kuma daga baya aka ɗaukaka matsayin mai magana da yawun kotun ƙasa da ƙasa. A matsayinsa na mai ba da shawara da mai magana da yawunsa, shi ne ke da alhakin raya manufofi, tsare-tsare da kuma dangantakar waje. Hukumar UNICTR ta yanke hukunci na farko da wata kotun ƙasa da ƙasa ta yanke kan kisan kiyashi.
Nico González
Aikin Kungiya
Valencia
Kingsley Moghalu
Sana'a
A cikin 2002, an naɗa Moghalu a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a Geneva, Switzerland, a matsayin shugaban haɗin gwiwar duniya da tattara albarkatu a Asusun Global Fund to Fight AIDS, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro (GFATM), wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da jama'a da masu zaman kansu na ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa na kuɗi da zuba jari da zamantakewa. asusu tare da ƙadarori na dala biliyan 20 da zuba jari a ƙasashe 140 masu tasowa da masu matsakaici ra'ayi. Ya kasance memba na babban kwamitin gudanarwa na Asusun Global Fund wanda ya tsara dabarun kamfanoni, memba na kwamitin kula da haɗari, kuma an ƙara masa girma zuwa matsayi na darekta a 2006.
Dunfermline
Dunfermline Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Kingsley Moghalu
Sana'a
A shekara ta 2006, Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kofi Annan ya naɗa Moghalu a matsayin mamba a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da aka ba da umarnin sake fasalin tsarin shari'a na cikin gida na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Aiki a hedkwatar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke New York na tsawon watanni shida a farkon rabin shekarar 2006, kwamitin sake fasalin ya yi nazari tare da ba da shawarwari kan yadda za a inganta tsarin gudanar da adalci a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.
Nico González
Aikin Kungiya
A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 2022, Nico ya sabunta kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2026, kuma daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Valencia kan lamuni na aro har zuwa tsawon kaka daya.
Kingsley Moghalu
Sana'a
Babban taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan ciniki da ci gaba (UNCTAD) da ke birnin Geneva na ƙasar Switzerland ya naɗa Kingsley Moghalu, a shekarar 2017, a matsayin mamba na ƙungiyar kwararru mai zaman kanta kan harkokin kuɗi don raya ƙasa. Ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta yi nazari tare da ba da shawarwari kan yadda za a samu ci gaba mai ɗorewa da kuma samar da ingantacciyar hanyar tattara albarkatun cikin gida don ci gaba a kasashe masu tasowa.
Nico González
Aikin Kungiya
FC Porto
Kingsley Moghalu
Sana'a
Moghalu ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a watan Disambar 2008. Sannan ya kafa Sogato Strategies SA, dabarun duniya da tuntuɓar haɗari, a Geneva.
Umaru Yar’adua, Shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya (2007-2010), ya naɗa Moghalu mataimakin gwamnan babban bankin Najeriya a watan Nuwamba 2009. Moghalu shi ne mataimakin gwamna a fannin daidaita tsarin kuɗi. Ya kuma riƙe muƙamin mataimakin gwamna mai kula da ayyuka, tare da kula da harkokin kuɗi da ayyukan reshe, tsarin biyan kudi, da kula da asusun ajiyar Najeriya na ƙasashen waje na dala biliyan 37. Ya jagoranci ƙaddamar da sauye-sauyen tsarin biyan kuɗi da suka haɗa da ingantawa da kuma gabatar da lambar tantancewa ta musamman ta Bank Verification Number (BVN).
Moghalu ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyoyin Samar da Masana'antu na ƙasa da ƙasa a Philadelphia, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta ci gaban kasuwanci ta duniya wacce marigayi shugaban 'yancin jama'a na Amurka Reverend Leon Sullivan ya kafa.
Rigingimu
A farkon shekarar 2014, rashin jituwar ka’ida ta kai ga tabarbarewar dangantaka ta wucin gadi a dangantakar Moghalu da tsohon ubangidansa Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, wanda shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya dakatar. Sanusi ya yi zargin damfarar dala biliyan 20 a kamfanin mai na kasar. Moghalu dai bai amince da yadda tsohon shugaban nasa ya bi ta kan wannan takaddamar ba. Ya bayyana rashin jin dadinsa kan yadda Sanusi ya wuce matsayinsa na shugaban babban bankin kasar, ya kuma tsallaka harkar siyasa, amma ya jaddada goyon bayansa ga shugabancin Sanusi a fannin kudi.
Mutanen biyu sun yi sulhu ne a lokacin da bayan shekaru uku Sanusi, wanda yanzu shi ne Sarkin Kano, ya karbi Moghalu cikin farin ciki, tare da daukacin Majalisar Masarautar Kano, a lokacin da Moghalu ya ziyarce shi a fadarsa ta Kano a watan Nuwamba 2017. Sarkin ya yaba da irin gudunmawar da Moghalu ya bayar a nasarorin da tawagar Sanusi ta samu a babban bankin kasar CBN, ya kuma bayyana cewa bai yi nadama ba na ba da shawarar Farfesa Moghalu ga shugaba ‘Yar’aduwa domin a nada shi mataimakin gwamnan babban bankin kasa.
Sana'ar siyasa
A watan Fabrairun 2018, Moghalu ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar shugabancin Najeriya. Daga baya ya zabi tsayawa takara a dandalin jam'iyyar ta Young Progressive Party. Yayin da yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa ya kaure a watan Fabrairun 2019, Wole Soyinka, wanda haifaffen Najeriya ne wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel, ya bayar da gagarumin goyon baya ga Kingsley Moghalu a zabe shi a matsayin shugaban Najeriya.
Benjamin Nenkavu
Benjamin Kangau Nenkavu (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yuni 1993) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Namibia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasa mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Buildcon ta Zambia da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Namibia.
Kingsley Moghalu
Sana'ar siyasa
Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, Sarkin Kano a lokacin, shi ma ya amince da Moghalu a matsayin shugaban kasa. Moghalu ya kuma sami babban goyon baya na Ooni na Ife, Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi
Duk da cewa a ƙarshe Moghalu ya sha kaye a hannun Buhari, takararsa ta tsaya kan tsarinsa na “Build, Innovate and Grow” (BIG), ya yi matuƙar jan hankali, kuma ya haifar da sauyi a tarihin siyasar Najeriya kan buƙatar gyara siyasa da zaɓe. A watan Oktoban 2019, Moghalu ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa na jam’iyyar YPP, inda ya bayyana cewa zai mayar da hankali nan gaba kaɗan wajen bayar da shawarar sake fasalin zaɓe ta hanyar ‘yan ƙasa mai fafutukar gina ƙasa (TBAN).
Benjamin Nenkavu
Aikin kulob
Ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar Buildcon ta Zambia a watan Nuwamba 2018.
Du Quoin
Du Qouin Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Kingsley Moghalu
Girmamawa
An yi wa Moghalu ado da lambar girmamawa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya mai suna Officer of the Order of the Nigerian (OON) ta Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan. An ba shi digiri na Doctor of Laws (LL. D.) Honoris Causa na Jami'ar Jihar Anambra, kuma ɗan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Ma'aikatan Banki na Najeriya (FCIB). Shi ne wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Rotary International Distinguished Service Award, da kuma lambar yabo ta "Against All Odds" na Gamayyar Tattalin Arzikin Mata na Afirka. A shekarar 2019, bayan babban zaɓukan da aka gudanar a Najeriya, ƙungiyar 'yan jarida masu zaman kan ta a yammacin Afirka ta sanyawa Moghalu sunan "Gwarzon Ɗan Siyasar Najeriya" a wani abin da ƙungiyar ta kira "Zauren Manyan Nasarar Siyasa ta Najeriya".
A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2020, an karrama Moghalu da sarautar gargajiya ta Nnewi na Ifekaego na Masarautar Nnewi ta HRH Igwe Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu III.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Moghalu ya auri Maryanne Onyinyechi Moghalu a shekarar 1994. Suna da yara huɗu.
Eagerville
Eagerville Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Dwight
Dwight Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Earville
Earville Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Hukumar Ƙwallon Raga ta Aljeriya
Hukumar Ƙwallon Raga ta Aljeriya (FAVB) ( الاتحادية الجزائرية للكرة الطائرة  ), ita ce hukumar kula da wasan kwallon raga a Algeria tun 1962.
Tarihi
Hukumar FIVB ta sami karbuwa daga 1962 kuma memba ne na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka.
Durand
Durand Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Maleagi Ngarizemo
Maleagi Ngarizemo (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Yuni 1979) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Namibia mai ritaya.
Sana'a
Nagrizemo ya taka leda a ƙungiyoyin Mydatjies, United Africa Tigers, Phungo All Stars da African Stars FC a Namibia da kuma Afirka ta Kudu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta FC Cape Town da kulob ɗin Black Leopards.
A cikin shekarar 2010, ya koma kulob ɗin North York Astros a cikin gasar Ƙwallon ƙafa na Kanada.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Ngarizemo memba ne na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Namibia tun a shekara ta 2001 kuma ya taka leda da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika a shekarar 2008.
East Alton
East Alton Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Vitapi Ngaruka
Vitapi Punyu Ngaruka (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba 1995) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Namibia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasa mai tsaron baya ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Black Africa da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Namibia.
East Cape Girardeau
East Cape Girardeau Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
East Carondelet
East Carondelet Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
East Dubuque
East DubuqueWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
East Dundee
East DundeeWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
East Galesburg
East GalesburgWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
East Gillespie
East GillespieWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
East Hazel Crest
East Hazel CrestWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Kungiyar Tibet Ta Duniya
Tungiyar Tibet ta Duniya, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2000, ƙawancen duniya ne na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu masu alaƙa da Tibet. Manufarta ita ce kara girman tasirin Tibet na duniya. Cibiyar sadarwar tana aiki don haɓaka ƙarfin ƙungiyoyi membobin membobinsu, haɓaka kamfen ɗin dabarun daidaitawa, da ƙarfafa haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin ƙungiyoyi.
Membobin hanyar sadarwar sun himmatu ga rashin tashin hankali a matsayin babbar ƙa'idar gwagwarmayar Tibet. Suna daukar Tibet a matsayin kasar da ta mamaye kuma sun amince da Gwamnatin Tibet da ke gudun hijira a matsayin halattaciyar gwamnati ta mutanen Tibet. Bayan waɗannan ƙa'idodin, Cibiyar Tibet ta Duniya tana mutunta ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na ƙungiyoyin membobinta, misali game da matsayin siyasar Tibet a nan gaba, kuma ta yi imanin cewa bambancin yana ƙarfafa motsi.
Tarihi
A shekara ta 2004, 'yan sa'o'i kadan kafin wadanda suka shirya gasar ta Beijing a shekarata 2008 su karbi tutar gasar Olympic, a bikin rufe gasar wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a shekarar 2004 a Athens ,' yan gwagwarmaya na Tibet Network guda shida sun fito da wata tutar bakar fata tare da ramuka harsasai biyar wadanda suka maye gurbin zoben na Olympics, kuma suka fara tattaki zuwa babban filin wasa, kafin ‘yan sanda su kame shi.
A shekara ta 2008, Cibiyar Tibet ta Duniya ta yi zanga-zanga a wajen hedkwatar Kwamitin Gasar Olympics ta Duniya, inda ta bukaci a ware yankunan Tibet daga gasar wasannin Olympics ta bazara a shekarar 2008, kuma ta bukaci IOC ta ba da bayani game da rikicin Tibet na 2008.
Tsarin aiki
Cibiyar sadarwar tana da masu kula da Yanki guda biyu, a Asiya da Latin Amurka, wadanda ke da alhakin gina cibiyar sadarwar yankin da taimakawa membobi wajen gano dabarun yankin da suka dace don aiwatar da yakin duniya. Suna bayar da tallafi da shawarwari, musamman ga sabbin ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa.
Gangamin
Babban abin da kungiyar Tibet ta sanya a gaba yanzu shi ne "Sanya Tibet a cikin Tibet na Farko" tare da nuna yadda suke cigaba da bijirewa mulkin China. Wannan juriya na da siffofi da yawa; daga kashe kai zuwa zanga-zangar jama'a - kamar Tarzoma a shekarar 2008, wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa na fursunonin siyasa, zuwa wata dabara ta "juriya ta al'ada", wacce ke jaddadawa da kuma girmama asalin Tibet a cikin kiɗa, rubuce-rubuce da shayari.
Kungiyar Tibet ta Duniya ta kirkiro dabarun yakin neman zabe ta hanyoyi daban-daban, gami da kirkirar Kungiyoyin Aikin Gangamin wadanda suka hada da wakilan kungiyoyin mambobi, nada wasu rundunonin da aka zaba na musamman ko aiki ta hanyar Kodinet na Kamfen.
Gina Iko
Kungiyar Tibet ta Duniya tana da niyyar haɓaka ƙarfin motsi ta hanyar taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin membobinta haɓaka albarkatunsu da haɓaka ƙwarewar tushen masu kamfen ɗin su. Shirye-shiryen a cikin shiryawa ya haɗa da horo na yau da kullun - galibi tare da Taron Yanki - da ƙaramar makirci don mambobi don aiwatar da ƙarfin iyawa ko takamaiman ayyukan kamfen.
Sakatariya
Sakatariyar Sadarwar Tibet ta Duniya ta ba da rahoto ga Kwamitin Gudanarwa. Matsayinta shine aiwatar da manufofi da abubuwan fifiko.
Kwamitin shirya aiki
Kwamitin Gudanar da Tibet na Kasa da Kasa ne ke da alhakin tsara manufofi, da tabbatar da hanyar sadarwar ta cika alkawuranta na kudi da na doka da kuma daukar Babban Darakta. An zabi membobin kwamitin gudanarwa daga dukkan yankuna na duniya inda akwai Rukunin Tibet (nahiyoyi shida).
Kwamitin Gudanarwar ya ƙunshi wakilan da membobin ƙungiyar Tibet Network ta ƙasa suka zaba bisa tsarin yanki. Gwamnatin Tibet da ke cikin ayatin ta naɗa mutum biyu mai haɗa kai don dalilai na tabbatar da tattaunawa, shawarwari da aiki tare. Kungiyar Tibet ta Duniya tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne ba tare da Gwamnatin Tibet da ke Gudun Hijira ba, kuma wakilan hulda da mutane biyu ba ta da 'yancin kada kuri'a a Kwamitin Gudanarwa. Adadin kujerun kwamiti na jagoranci ga kowane yanki an tsara su a kasa. Wannan tsarin yana la'akari da yawan kungiyoyi, yawan kasashe masu kungiyoyi da yawan kasashen mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kowane yanki.
East Moline
East MolineWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Easton
EastonWani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
=Manazarta=
Ƴancin Yin Taro
'Yancin taro na lumana, wani lokacin ana amfani da shi tare da ' yancin yin tarayya, haƙƙin mutum ne ko ikon mutane don haɗuwa tare da bayyana ra'ayi tare, haɓakawa, bi, da kare ra'ayoyinsu ko ra'ayi ɗaya. Ƴancin ƙungiya an yarda da shi a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam, haƙƙin siyasa da 'yancin ɗan adam.
Ana iya amfani da sharuɗɗan  'yanci na taro da kuma  ' yancin yin ƙungiya don rarrabe tsakanin 'yancin taro a wuraren taro na jama'a da kuma' yancin shiga ƙungiya. Ana amfani da 'yancin taro a cikin mahallin haƙƙin zanga-zanga, yayin da ake amfani da' yancin yin tarayya a cikin batun haƙƙin ƙwadago kuma a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ana nufin ma'anar 'yanci don tarawa da toancin shiga wani tarayya
Kayan kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
'Yancin taro a cikin, da sauransu, kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam sune kamar haka:
Tsarin mulki na ƙasa dana yanki wadanda suka amince da 'yancin taro sun haɗa da:
Kofin wasan kwallon raga na Masar
An fara gasar cin kofin kwallon raga ta Masar a lokacin 1976–77. Hukumar kula da wasan kwallon raga ta Masar ce ta shirya shi. Kungiyoyi na kowane fanni ne ke halartar wannan gasa.
Reza
Reza kayan aiki ne mai wutsiya da ake amfani da shi da farko wajen cire gashin jiki ta hanyar askewa.
Ire iren reza
Ire-iren reza sun haɗa da reza kai tsaye, reza da za a iya zubarwa, da reza mai amfani da wutar lantarki.
Yayin da reza ta kasance tun kafin shekarun Bronze Age (abin da ya fi daɗewa mai kama da reza an rubuta shi zuwa 18,000 BC ), mafi yawan nau'in reza da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu shi ne reza mai amfani da wutar lantarki, kodayake wasu kalar har yanzu ana amfani da su.
Tarihi
An gano reza daga al'adun zamanin Bronze da yawa. An yi waɗannan da tagulla ko obsidian kuma gaba ɗaya sun kasance ma siffa, tare da ƙaramin tang ɗin da ke fitowa daga ɗayan gajerun ƙarshen.
An yi amfani da reza iri-iri a cikin tarihi, waɗanda suka bambanta a bayyanar amma kama da amfani da reza madaidaiciya na zamani. A zamanin da, an kaifi harsashi, haƙoran kifin shark, da dutsen dutse ana yin aski da su. An samo zane-zane na irin waɗannan ruwan wuƙaƙe a cikin kogo na tarihi. Wasu ƙabilu har yanzu suna amfani da wuƙaƙe na dutse har yau. Binciken da aka yi a Masar ya gano tsantsar zinari da reza na tagulla a cikin kaburbura tun daga ƙarni na 4 BC. An yi amfani da reza da ƙera su a Kerma a zamanin Bronze Age. An dawo da reza da yawa da kuma wasu kayan tarihi na tsafta daga wuraren binne shekarun Bronze a Arewacin Turai kuma an yi imanin cewa suna cikin manyan mutane. Masanin tarihin Romawa Livy ya ruwaito cewa an gabatar da reza a tsohuwar Roma a ƙarni na 6 BC. ta sarkin almara Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. Priscus ya riga ya wuce lokacinsa saboda reza ba su zo ga amfani da su ba sai bayan ƙarni ɗaya.
An gina reza madaidaiciyar zamani ta farko mai cike da kayan hannu da aka yi wa ado da fatun ƙasa a Sheffield, a Ingila, cibiyar masana'antar yankan, a ƙarni na 18 da 19. Benjamin Huntsman ya samar da madaidaicin matakin ƙarfe na farko, ta hanyar tsari na musamman, wanda ya dace da amfani da shi a zaman kayan ruwa a cikin 1740, kodayake an ƙi shi da farko a Ingila. Faransawa sun karɓi tsarin Huntsman daga baya; duk da rashin so da farko saboda kishin ƙasa. Masu masana'antun Ingilishi sun ma fi na Faransanci yin amfani da tsarin kuma sun yi haka ne kawai bayan sun ga nasararsa a Faransa. Ƙarfe Sheffield, ƙarfe ne mai gogewa sosai, wanda kuma aka sani da Sheffield ƙarfe n azurfa kuma sananne ne don gamawa mai sheƙi mai zurfi, ana ɗaukarsa mafi ingancin ƙarfe kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi har yau a Faransa ta hanyar masana'anta kamar Thiers Issard. A ƙarni na 18 da na 19, masu hannu da shuni suna da bayin da za su aske su ko kuma suna iya yawan shagunan aski. Aski yau da kullun ba al'ada ce da ta yaɗu ba a ƙarni na 19 don haka wasu mutane ba su taɓa yin aski ba. Al'adar aski a kowace rana tsakanin mazan Amurkawa wani sabon abu ne na ƙarni na 20 wanda aka fara shi bayan ƴaƙin duniya na ɗaya. An buƙaci maza su riƙa aski a kullum domin abin rufe fuska na gas ɗin ya dace da kyau kuma hakan ya samu sauƙi sosai bayan bayyanar reza mai aminci, wanda hakan ya ƙara sauki. ya kasance daidaitaccen batu a lokacin ƴaƙin. A cikin ƙarni na 19, masu yankan a Sheffield, Ingila da Solingen, Jamus sun samar da reza iri-iri. Reza madaidaiciya sune mafi yawan nau'in aski kafin ƙarni na 20 kuma sun kasance gama gari a ƙasashe da yawa har zuwa shekarun 1950. An horar da masu aski na musamman don baiwa abokan ciniki suski da sauri, kuma tarin reza madaidaiciya da aka shirya don amfani da su ya kasance abin gani gama gari a yawancin shagunan aski. Har yanzu aski suna da su, amma ba sa amfani da su sau da yawa.
Reza madaidaici daga ƙarshe sun faɗi daga salon. Mai ƙalubalen su na farko King C. Gillette ne ya ƙera shi: reza aminci mai kaifi biyu tare da wuƙaƙe masu maye gurbin. amfani da manufar " shugaban asara ", wanda aka siyar da reza a cikin asara, amma ɓangarorin maye gurbin sun sami babban rata kuma suna ba da tallace-tallace na ci gaba. Sun yi nasara sosai saboda kamfen ɗin talla da taken ƙasƙantar da ingancin reza kai tsaye da kuma tambayar amincin sa.
Waɗannan sabbin reza masu aminci ba su buƙatar kowane horo mai ƙarfi don amfani da su. Wuraren suna da matuƙar wahala a kaifafa, kuma ana so a jefar da su bayan an yi amfani da su, kuma su yi tsatsa da sauri idan ba a jefar da su ba. Hakanan sun buƙaci ƙaramin saka hannun jari na farko, kodayake suna da ƙari akan lokaci. Duk da fa'idodinsa na dogon lokaci, madaidaiciyar reza ta rasa babban rabon kasuwa. Kuma yayin da aski ya zama ƙasa da ban tsoro kuma maza suka fara aske kansu, buƙatun masu aski waɗanda ke ba da askin reza kai tsaye ya ragu. A cikin 1960, baƙin ƙarfe wanda za a iya amfani da shi fiye da sau ɗaya ya zama samuwa, yana rage farashin amincin reza. Kamfanin Wilkinson, sanannen mai yin takuba, a Sheffield ne ya yi irin wannan na farko. Ba da da ewa Gillette, Schick, da sauran masana'antun suna yin bakin-karfe ruwan wukake.
Wadannan sun biyo bayan harsashin ruwa mai yawa da reza da za a iya zubarwa. Ga kowane nau'in ruwan wukake mai maye, gabaɗaya akwai reza da za a iya zubarwa.
A cikin 1930s, ana samun reza na lantarki. Waɗannan za su iya yin hamayya da farashin madaidaiciyar reza mai kyau, kodayake duka kayan aski madaidaiciya-reza na iya wuce farashin ko da aska mai tsada na lantarki.
Madaidaicin reza
Reza madaidaiciya tare da buɗaɗɗen ruwan ƙarfe, wanda kuma aka fi sani da yanke-maƙogwaro, su ne reza da aka fi amfani da su kafin ƙarni na 20.
Reza madaidaici sun ƙumshi ƙwanƙolin da aka kaifi a gefe ɗaya. The ruwa za a iya yi da ko dai bakin karfe, wanda shi ne a hankali zuwa hone da strop, amma ya fi sauƙi don kula tun da shi ba ya tabo sauƙi, ko high carbon karfe, wanda hones da strops da sauri da kuma kiyaye gefen da kyau, amma tsatsa da kuma. tabo cikin sauƙi idan ba a tsaftace ba kuma a bushe da sauri. A halin yanzu, ɓangarorin bakin ƙarfe suna da wahalar samu fiye da ƙarfe na carbon, amma duka biyun suna cikin samarwa.
Ruwan ruwa yana jujjuyawa akan fil ta cikin tang ɗinsa tsakanin guda biyu masu kariya da ake kira ma'auni: Idan an naɗe shi cikin ma'auni, ruwan ruwan ana kiyaye shi daga lalacewa, kuma ana kiyaye mai amfani. Ana yin sikelin hannu da abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da uwar-lu'u-lu'u, celluloid, kashi, filastik da itace. Da zarar an yi da hauren hauren giwa, an daina yin hakan, kodayake ana amfani da hauren giwar burbushin lokaci-lokaci.
Raza madaidaiciya
Waɗannan reza suna kama da amfani da kuma kamanni zuwa madaidaicin reza, amma suna amfani da wukake da za a iya zubarwa, ko dai daidaitaccen mai kaifi biyu a yanka a cikin rabi ko na musamman kerarre guda ɗaya. Ana amfani da waɗannan aski kamar yadda ake amfani da reza kai tsaye amma ba sa buƙatar tsutsawa da honing.
Reza aminci
Mataki na farko zuwa ga reza mafi aminci don amfani shi ne reza mai gadi - wanda kuma ake kira reza madaidaiciyar aminci - wanda ya kara mai gadi zuwa madaidaicin reza na yau da kullun. Mai yiyuwa ne irin wannan reza na farko ya ƙirƙira shi ne da wani mai yankan Faransa Jean-Jacques Perret a shekara ta 1762. Wannan ƙirƙira ta samo asali ne daga jirgin mai haɗin gwiwa kuma ainihin reza ce madaidaiciya tare da gemunsa kewaye da hannun katako. Masu gadin reza na farko suna da hakora masu kama da tsefe kuma ana iya haɗa su kawai a gefe ɗaya na reza; wani mai gadi mai juyi yana ɗaya daga cikin gyare-gyaren farko da aka yi don gadin reza.
An samo bayanin farko na reza mai aminci mai kama da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a yau a kan aikace-aikacen haƙƙin mallaka na William Samuel Henson na 1847 don gadin haƙori. Ana iya haɗa wannan gadin zuwa madaidaicin reza ko kuma zuwa reza "yanke ruwa wanda ke kusa da kusurwoyi daidai tare da abin hannu, kuma ya yi kama da wani nau'i na farat gama gari."
Reza masu cire ruwa
Kalmar aminci reza an fara amfani da ita ne a cikin 1880 kuma ta kwatanta reza ta asali tare da abinda aka makala a kai inda za a iya sanya ruwan wuƙaƙe mai cirewa. Sannan an kare gefen ta hanyar tsefe -tsafe a kai don kare fata. A cikin mafi zamani samar da aminci reza, yanzu an fi maye gurbin tsefe da sandar tsaro. Akwai nau'ikan reza masu aminci iri biyu, mai kaifi ɗaya da mai kaifi biyu. Reza mai kaifi ɗaya da gaske shi ne 4 cm dogon yanki na madaidaicin reza. Gilashin aminci mai kaifi biyu shicne reza tare da sanduna mara nauyi wanda za a iya amfani da shi a bangarorin biyu, tare da buɗaɗɗen gefuna biyu. Wurin da ke kan reza aminci mai kaifi biyu yana ɗan lanƙwasa don ba da izinin aske mai santsi da tsafta.
A cikin 1901, mai ƙirƙira Ba'amurke King Camp Gillette, tare da taimakon William Nickerson, ya ƙaddamar da takardar shaidar sabon saɓani na reza mai aminci tare da ruwan wukake da za a iya zubarwa wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1904. Dalili ɗaya shine cewa aske da aska mai aminci yakamata ya kasance mafi aminci kuma ya fi dacewa fiye da aski tare da reza madaidaiciya madaidaiciya mai kaifi. Za'a iya sake amfani da kauri na waɗannan reza masu aminci. Gillette ta gane cewa za a iya samun riba ta hanyar siyar da reza mara tsada tare da wukake. Wannan an kira shi samfurin kasuwanci na reza da ruwan wukake, kuma ya zama al'ada na yau da kullum don samfurori iri-iri.
Yawancin wasu nau'ikan reza masu aminci sun zo sun tafi. Yawancin gasar ta dogara ne akan zayyana ruwan wukake wanda zai dace da salon reza guda ɗaya kawai har sai an daidaita siffar ruwan wuka ta hanyar shigar da tashar tsakiya mai fuskoki daban-daban zuwa ruwan wukake wanda zai ɗauki nau'ikan ƙira iri-iri na tsare-tsare na shinge; misali fil uku, siririyar karfen karfe, da sauransu. Ko da a yau, waɗannan nau'ikan amintattun nau'ikan har yanzu suna dagewa a cikin nau'ikan su a cikin DE reza, duk suna karɓar ƙirar ƙirar duniya iri ɗaya.
Rezan harsashi
Yin amfani da tsarin kasuwanci iri ɗaya da reza da ruwan wukake kamar yadda aka yi majagaba a farkon ƙarni na 20, an ƙera reza harsashi a shekarun 1960 kuma yanzu shine nau'in aske da aka fi sani a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Ko da yake an tsara shi don samun ƙarin ergonomic siffa a duka hannu da kai (ciki har da kan daɗaɗɗen kai wanda ke kiyaye ruwan wukake zuwa fata a kusurwar da aka riga aka ƙaddara ta hanyar motsin shaving) ra'ayin yana kama da na reza baki biyu. . Koyaya, a nan an cire duka babban taron shugaban (wanda aka sani da harsashi) kuma ana zubar dashi, ba kawai ruwan wukake ba. Har ila yau, ya zama ruwan dare ga waɗannan kawuna na harsashi suna da ɓangarorin reza da yawa a cikin su, yawanci tsakanin ruwan wukake biyu zuwa biyar.
Reza masu aminci da za a iya zubarwa
Reza masu aminci da ake zubarwa suna da kamanni sosai a ƙira da reza harsashi, waɗanda aka gina daga kayan marasa tsada (wanda aka ƙera polycarbonate na yau da kullun), duk da haka ana nufin su zama abin zubarwa gaba ɗaya bayan amfani ba tare da ƙwanƙwasa ko maye mai yiwuwa ba. An ƙirƙira na'ura ɗaya a cikin 1963 ta Ba'amurke ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai ƙirƙira Paul Winchell.
Tsawon rayuwa
Za a iya tsawaita rayuwar reza ta hanyar bushewar ruwan wukake bayan amfani.
Reza mai amfani da Wutar lantarki
John F. O'Rourke ya kirkiro reza na farko na lantarki a shekara ta 1898. An fara samar da injunan reza na lantarki a cikin 1937 ta kamfanin Amurka Remington Rand bisa haƙƙin mallaka na Jacob Schick daga 1928. Tun 1939 kamfanin Philips na Holland ya ƙera injin reza na lantarki. Daya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin reza na lantarki shine fasahar aske da suke amfani da ita. Galibi injunan aski na lantarki suna amfani da wukake mai jujjuyawa da yawa ko kuma fasahar askewa a kwance.
Sauran reza
Masu kauri, reza mai kaifi ɗaya kamar wuƙaƙen kayan aiki ana amfani da su don ayyuka daban-daban na hannu. Aikace-aikace sun haɗa da cikakken aikin kafinta kamar yashi da gogewa (a cikin ƙwararriyar mariƙi), yankan takarda don zanen fasaha, aikin famfo da gamawa kamar grouting da tsaftacewa, da cire fenti daga filaye masu lebur kamar gilashin gilashi. Ba kamar aske reza ba, nau'Ikan masana'antu da ake amfani da su a cikin waɗannan kayan aikin galibi ana yin su ne daga ƙarfe mara ƙarfe kamar ƙarfe na carbon, kuma suna da ƙaƙƙarfan baki kuma mara nauyi.
Gurguwa reza ce da ake amfani da ita wajen samar da biredi don yanke saman biredi da ba a toya ba.
Bunu Shariff Musa
Bunu Sheriff Musa (14 ga watan Janairun 1947 - 5 Disambar 2021) shi ne shugaban Najeriya kuma injiniya wanda ya kasance ministan ma'adinai, wutar lantarki da ƙarafa na tarayya a lokacin gwamnatin Janar Ibrahim Babangida.
Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Libya
Hukumar Ƙwallon Raga ta Libya ( الاتحاد الليبي للكرة الطائرة  (LVBF) ita ce hukumar kula da wasan kwallon raga a Libya . An kafa shi a cikin 1964, yana da alaƙa da CAVB a cikin 1968 da AVA a cikin 1975.
Bunu Shariff Musa
Aiki
ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan injiniya na sashen ruwa na cikin gida na ma'aikatar sufuri ta tarayya sannan ya tura ma'aikata zuwa hukumar raya tafkin Chadi (CBDA). A shekarar 1981, ya zama babban manajan CBDA.
Bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi ya kawo Janar Babangida kan karagar mulki, Musa yana cikin mambobin sabuwar majalisar zartarwa lokacin da aka naɗa shi Ministan Masana’antu. An canza shi ne tsakanin ma’aikatu daban-daban da ke riƙe da muƙamin ministan ma’adinai da wuta, sufurin jiragen sama da albarkatun ruwa. A shekarar 1990, an mayar da shi ma'aikatar ƙwadago don kwantar da tarzomar da ta taso lokacin da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago suka buƙaci ƙarin mafi ƙarancin albashi. Musa ya haɓaka dangantakar aiki tare da shugabannin ƙwadago wanda ya haifar da ƙarin albashi a 1990.
Mutuwa
Musa ya rasu a ranar 5 ga watan Disambar 2021, yana da shekaru 74.
Zumunci
Musa ɗan'uwa ne na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Najeriya, Ƙungiyar Injiniya ta Najeriya da Majalisar Dokokin Injiniya dake Najeriya (COREN). Ya kuma kasance Injiniya mai haya. Ya kasance wanda ya samu lambobin yabo da dama, ciki har da National Productivity Order of Merit (NPOM) a shekarar 2009, da kuma oda na Tarayyar Tarayya (OFR).
David Hilbert
David Hilbert (/ˈhɪlbərt/; German: [ˈdaːvɪt ˈhɪlbɐt]; 23 Janairu 1862-14 Fabrairu 1943) masanin lissafin Jamus ne, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masanan lissafi na ƙarni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. Hilbert ya gano kuma ya haɓaka ɗimbin ra'ayoyi na asali a fagage da yawa, gami da ka'idar da ba ta bambanta ba, lissafin bambancin algebra, ka'idar lambar algebra, ka'idar lissafin lissafi, ka'idar bakan gizo na masu aiki da aikace-aikacen sa zuwa daidaitattun daidaito, ilimin lissafi, da kuma Tushen ilimin lissafi (musamman proof of theory).
Hilbert ya soma kuma ya kare ka'idar tsarin Georg Cantor da lambobi masu wucewa. A cikin 1900, ya gabatar da tarin matsalolin da suka kafa hanya don yawancin binciken ilimin lissafi na karni na 20.
Hilbert da ɗalibansa sun ba da gudummawa sosai don kafa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da haɓaka mahimman kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a cikin ilimin lissafi na zamani. An san Hilbert a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ka'idar hujja da ilimin lissafi.