cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Abdul Arshad
Aikin kulob
A ranar 11 ga wa Fabrairu shekarar 2022, Abdul ya shiga HB Køge a cikin rukunin farko na Danish. Da farko ya buga wa kungiyar wasa a gasar 1st Division U19 kafin ya zama na yau da kullun a babban kungiyar a tsakiyar kakar wasa. Abdul ya bar HB Køge a karshen kakar wasa ta shekarar 2022-23, yayin da kwantiraginsa ya kare.
A ranar 14 ga ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2023, ya cimma yarjejeniya don sanya hannu kan Hellerup IK a cikin Sashen 2nd Danish.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A cikin watan Maris shekarar 2023, an kira Abdul zuwa tawagar kasar Pakistan don wasan sada zumunci da Maldives. A ranar 21 ga watan Maris shekarar 2023, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a wasan da suka doke Maldives da ci 0-1.
Slimane Saoudi
Slimane Saoudi ( Larabci : سليمان سعودي) (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Yuli 1975) tsohon ɗan wasan tennis ne na Aljeriya.
Saoudi dai ya kasance memba a kungiyar Davis Cup ta Aljeriya har zuwa shekarar 2009, inda ya kafa tarihin da ci 5-11 a cikin 'yan wasa daya da kuma 3-6 a wasanni biyu. Ya fara buga gasar cin kofin Davis ne kawai a cikin shekarar 2005.
Ilimin zamantakewa
Ilimin zamantakewa shine nazarin haƙƙoƙin da wajibcin ƴan ƙasa a cikin al'umma. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin civicus, ma'ana "dangantaka da ɗan ƙasa". Kalmar tana da alaƙa da ɗabi'a da ke shafar sauran ƴan ƙasa, musamman ta fuskar ci gaban birane.
Ilimin jama'a shine nazarin ka'idoji, siyasa da kuma abubuwan da suka dace na zama ɗan ƙasa, da kuma haƙƙoƙinsa da ayyukansa. Ya hada da nazarin dokokin farar hula da ka'idojin farar hula, da kuma nazarin gwamnati tare da kula da rawar da 'yan kasa ke takawa-sabanin abubuwan waje-wajen aiki da sa ido na gwamnati. Kalmar kuma na iya komawa zuwa corona civica, ado na itacen oak da aka sawa a kai kamar rawani, al'ada a zamanin d Roma inda wani wanda ya ceci wani ɗan Roma daga mutuwa a yaƙi ya sami lada da corona civica da 'yancin sakawa shi.
Lycurgus
A cewar masanin tarihin Roman Plutarch, ɗan littafin Lycurgus na Sparta ya ɗauki ilimin ɗan ƙasa a matsayin babban fifikonsa a matsayin mai tsara tsarin mulkin Spartan. Plutarch ya lura cewa "dukkan karatun [Spartan] na ɗaya ne na ci gaba da motsa jiki na shirye da cikakkiyar biyayya' a cikinsa "da kyar babu wani lokaci ko wuri ba tare da wani ya halarta ba don sanya su cikin tunanin aikinsu, kuma Ka azabta su da sun yi sakaci.
Duk da haka, an kuma buƙaci matasa su bayyana ra'ayoyinsu da ƙarfi da taƙaitaccen bayani, da kuma yin tunani da tunani a kan al'amuran da suka shafi mutuncin jama'a, ciki har da tambayoyi kamar su wanene ko ba dan asalin Sparta ba ne. Daga baya Montaigne zai yaba wa wannan fasaha ta musamman ta ilimi, tare da sha'awar yadda ƴan ƙasar Spartan ke amfani da lokacinsu don koyon kyawawan halaye kamar jajircewa da halin ɗabi'a, ba tare da yin nazarin kowane fanni ba. Haka kuma an koyar da yaran Spartan kade-kade da wake-wake domin yabon jaruntaka da kuma Allah wadai da rashin tsoro.
Ainihin, manufar Spartan na ilimin jama'a shine tsari wanda sha'awar ɗan ƙasa ta zama cikakkiyar haɗin kai tare da sha'awar siyasa, cikin ruhin cikakkiyar kishin ƙasa: 'A ƙarshe, Lycurgus ya haɓaka 'yan ƙasa ta hanyar da ba za su kasance ba. ba za su iya rayuwa da kansu ba; za su mai da kansu daya tare da amfanin jama'a, kuma, tari kamar kudan zuma a kusa da kwamandan su, ta wurin himmarsu da ruhin jama'a za su aiwatar da komai daga kansu, kuma su sadaukar da kansu ga kasarsu. Ilimin jama'a don taurin kai da karfin fada ba kawai a cikin ra'ayin maza na Spartan ba ne: Plutarch ya ba da labarin yadda Lycurgus ya ba da umarni ga 'yan mata su yi wasan kokawa, gudu, jefa zance, da kuma bin dart' tare da manufar ƙirƙirar yara masu lafiya don jihar.
Caroline Jackson
Farkon aiki
Kafin ta zama MEP, Jackson ta kasance ma'abociya bincike a Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford, inda ta sami digiri na uku a tarihin siyasa na karni na 19. Ta yi aiki a Sashen Bincike na Conservative daga 1973 zuwa 1974 kuma ta yi yaƙi da mazabar Birmingham Erdington a babban zaɓe na Fabrairu 1974. Daga nan ta zama memba na ƙungiyar bincike da ke tallafawa MEPs na Conservative na Burtaniya na farko daga 1974 zuwa 1984.
'Yar Majalisar Tarayyar Turai
An zabe ta don wakiltar mazabar Wiltshire tsakanin 1984 zuwa 1994, sannan sabuwar yankin Wiltshire North da Bath daga 1994 zuwa 1999 kuma daga 1999 zuwa 2009 ta zama MEP ga mazabar South West England.
A Majalisar Turai, ta kasance babban memba na Kwamitin Muhalli kuma tsakanin 1999 da 2004 ta kasance Shugabar Kwamitin Kula da Muhalli, Kare Masu Amfani da Lafiyar Jama'a. A lokacin shugabancinta, ta yi ƙoƙari ta mai da hankali sosai kan ayyukan da ƙasashe membobin ke yi wajen aiwatarwa da aiwatar da sabbin dokokin EU dangane da ɗaukar ƙarin irin waɗannan dokoki. Wannan ya kasance a lokacin da aka kafa doka mai tsanani a fannin ruwa da gurɓataccen iska, zubar da shara da kuma kula da sinadarai. Jackson ya sarrafa kwamitin da ƙarfi amma tare da ban dariya - halaye masu mahimmanci lokacin da masu adawa da Jamusawa na sabbin dokoki kan madadin magunguna suka yi ƙoƙarin sarrafa shari'a a cikin 1995. An lura cewa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2001 kwamitin Jackson shine kadai wanda bai dage ba lokacin da labarin hare-haren da aka kai a New York ya zo: Jackson ya yi jayayya cewa watsi da aikin kwamitin ba zato ba tsammani ya zama wata karamar nasara ga 'yan ta'adda. MEP Chris Davies na Liberal Democrat ya kwatanta Jackson kamar haka: "zata kasance a nan har abada: 'yar 'sandunan wasan hockey' amma ta tabbata, gaskiya da ban dariya."
Toyota Tercel
Toyota Tercel wata karamar mota ce ta ƙera ta Toyota daga 1978 har zuwa 1999 a cikin tsararraki biyar, a cikin tsarin jiki biyar masu girman tsakanin Corolla da Starlet. Kerarre a Takaoka shuka a Toyota City, Japan, da kuma raba ta dandamali tare da Cynos (aka Paseo ) da kuma Starlet, da Tercel da aka sayar daban-daban kamar yadda Toyota Corolla II - sayar. a kamfanonin Toyota na Japan da ake kira Toyota Corolla Stores - kuma Platz ya maye gurbinsa a 1999. An kuma san ta da Toyota Corsa kuma ana sayar da ita a wuraren shagunan Toyopet. An fara da ƙarni na biyu, an canza hanyar sadarwar dila ta Tercel zuwa Shagon Vista, kamar yadda ƴan uwanta na injiniyan lamba, Corolla II, ta keɓanta ga wuraren shagunan Corolla.
Caroline Jackson
'Yar Majalisar Tarayyar Turai
Jackson ta ƙware, a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na majalisa, kan dokokin abubuwa maras amfani. Ta ɗauki Umarnin Landfill ta Majalisa a cikin 1997–8. A cikin 2008 ta kasance mai ba da rahoto kan Umarnin Tsarin Sharar gida. Da farko an soki shi da cewa yana kusa da harabar masana'antar sharar gida, Jackson ta yi nasarar hada kan mafi yawan abokan hamayyarta don goyan bayan wani buri na karshe wanda Majalisar Ministoci ta amince da shi kawai. Wannan ya sanya wajibi a kan Membobin Kasashe don cimma farashin sake amfani da su na 50% nan da shekarar 2020, wanda ya haifar wa Hukumar yiwuwar sanya manufofin rage sharar gida tare da share tambayar matsayin kona sharar a matsayin wani nau'i na "farfadowa" maimakon. fiye da "zuwa".
Jackson ta yi imanin cewa David Cameron bai yi kuskure ba ya umurci MEPs masu ra'ayin mazan jiya su fice daga jam'iyyar jama'ar Turai a 2009 saboda wannan yana nufin babbar hasarar tasirin siyasa. Ta yi nuni da cewa a gaskiya jam’iyyar Conservative ta samu ‘yancin kai na siyasa a cikin jam’iyyar EPP. Ta bayar da hujjar cewa sabon matsayi na Conservatives daga 2009 a cikin "Conservatives da Turai Reformists kungiyar" tare da Czech ODS jam'iyyar, Polish Law and Justice party da motley ma'aikatan Turai masu haƙƙin mallaka, na nufin cewa za su rasa tasiri da gani a cikin Majalisar Turai a daidai lokacin da ikon majalisar ke karuwa. Ta bayyana ra'ayoyinta a cikin labaran labarai a cikin 2009 kuma Cameron ya ji tsoron cewa za ta iya bin mijinta, Robert V. Jackson, MP for Wantage (1983-2005) don yin watsi da jam'iyyar Conservative ga Jam'iyyar Labour. Amma ta ci gaba da zama 'yar mazan jiya kuma jam'iyyar ta ba da yabo ga aikinta lokacin da ta bar majalisar, William Hague yana nuna cewa Jackson "koyaushe yana kan gaba".
Toyota Tercel
Sunan "Tercel" ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin don "ɗaya bisa uku", tare da " tiercel " yana nufin ƙwanƙolin namiji wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mace. Hakazalika, Tercel ya ɗan ƙarami fiye da Corolla. Farkon Tercels sun buga tambari akan gangar jikin tare da salo mai salo kamar "T" a cikin Tercel. An taru duka Tercels a masana'antar Takaoka a Toyota City, Aichi ko ta Hino Motors a Hamura, Tokyo. Hino ya tara Tercel ƙarni na uku daga 1986 zuwa 1990 don kofa biyu da wasu ƙirar kofa uku. Lokacin da Jafananci kera Tercel/Corsa/Corolla II (da masu alaƙa da Cynos/Paseo coupés) ya ƙare a cikin 1999, an gina misalai 4,968,935 gabaɗaya.
Caroline Jackson
'Yar Majalisar Tarayyar Turai
Ta ajiye aiki a lokacin Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2009.
Aiki na gaba
Yanzu tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan muhalli. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Ba da Shawarwari na Hangen nesa a GDF Suez Environment kuma memba na Hukumar Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Turai.
Shayak Dost
Shayak Dost (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu shekarar 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Pakistan wanda a halin yanzu yana taka leda a WAPDA a gasar Premier ta Pakistan, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Pakistan.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Dost ya wakilci Pakistan a matakin matasa a cikin 2020 AFC U-19 cancantar cancantar gasar. Ya ci gaba da buga wasanni hudu a yakin neman zabe.
A watan Agusta shekarar 2022 an kira Dost don gwaji tare da manyan tawagar ƙasa. A watan Nuwamban wannan shekarar, an saka shi cikin tawagar Pakistan don buga wasan sada zumunci da Nepal, wasan farko da Pakistan ta yi cikin kusan shekaru uku da rabi saboda dakatar da hukumar kwallon kafa ta Pakistan da FIFA ta yi. Ya buga wasansa na farko a duniya a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin rabin lokaci a wasan da suka tashi 0-1 a waje.
Gurɓacewa
[[File:Mashhad pollution 1396.jpg|thumb|Gurbacewa a Mashhad
]] Gurɓacewa ita ce shigar da gurɓataccen abu a cikin yanayin yanayi wanda ke haifar da mummunan canji. Gurbacewa na iya ɗaukar nau'in kowane abu (solid, ruwa, ko gas) ko makamashi (kamar rediyo, zafi, sauti, ko haske). Masu gurɓatawa, abubuwan da ke tattare da gurɓatawa, na iya zama ko dai abubuwa/makamashi na waje ko gurɓataccen yanayi. Ko da yake ana iya haifar da gurɓacewar muhalli ta abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, kalmar gurɓatawa gabaɗaya tana nuna cewa gurɓataccen abu yana da tushen ɗan adam-wato tushen da ayyukan ɗan Adam suka ƙirƙira. Ana lasafta gurɓataccen abu a matsayin tushen wuri ko gurɓataccen tushe. A shekara ta 2015, gurɓataccen yanayi ya kashe mutane miliyan 9 a duniya. Nau'ikan gurɓataccen yanayi sun haɗa da gurɓataccen iska, gurɓataccen haske, datti, gurɓataccen hayaniya, gurɓataccen filastik, gurɓataccen ƙasa, gurɓataccen radiyo, gurɓataccen yanayi, gurɓacewar gani, da gurɓacewar ruwa.
Siffofin gurɓatar yanayi
An jera manyan nau'ikan gurɓatawa a ƙasa tare da takamaiman gurɓatattun abubuwan da suka dace da kowannensu:
Masu gurɓatawa
Gurbataccen abu ne da ke lalata iska, ruwa, ko ƙasa. Abubuwa uku ne ke tabbatar da tsananin gurɓataccen abu: yanayin sinadaransa, yawan tattarawa, wurin da abin ya shafa da kuma dagewa.
Sources da Sanadin
Fitar da ababen hawa na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haddasa gurbatar iska. China, Amurka, Rasha, Indiya Mexico, da Japan sune jagororin duniya wajen fitar da hayaki mai gurbata iska. Babban tushen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu sun haɗa da tsire-tsire masu guba, masana'antar wutar lantarki ta kwal, matatun mai, tsire-tsire na petrochemical, aikin zubar da sharar nukiliya, incinerators, manyan gonakin dabbobi (sanan kiwo, aladu, kiwon kaji, da sauransu.), masana'antun PVC, masana'antar samar da karafa, masana'antar filastik, da sauran masana'antu masu nauyi. Gurbacewar iska ta noma ta fito ne daga al'adun zamani waɗanda suka haɗa da saran sarewa da kona ciyayi da kuma fesa magungunan kashe qwari da maganin ciyawa
Kimanin metric ton miliyan 400 na sharar gida masu haɗari ana samarwa kowace shekara. Amurka kadai tana samar da kusan tan miliyan 250. Amirkawa sun ƙunshi ƙasa da kashi 5% na yawan mutanen duniya, amma suna samar da kusan kashi 25% na CO na duniya,  kuma suna samar da kusan kashi 30% na sharar duniya. A cikin 2007, China ta mamaye Amurka a matsayin babbar mai samar da CO, yayin da har yanzu ta yi nisa a baya bisa la'akari da gurbatar muhalli (wanda ke matsayi na 78 a cikin al'ummomin duniya). Wasu daga cikin mafi yawan gurɓataccen ƙasa sune chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), ƙarfe masu nauyi (kamar chromium, cadmium-samuwa a cikin batura masu caji, da gubar-ana samun su a cikin fenti na gubar, man jirgin sama da har yanzu a wasu ƙasashe, man fetur), MTBE, zinc, arsenic da benzene. A shekara ta 2001 jerin rahotannin manema labaru da suka ƙare a cikin wani littafi mai suna Fateful Harvest sun bayyana wata al'ada da ta yaɗu ta hanyar sake sarrafa kayayyakin masana'antu zuwa taki, wanda ya haifar da gurɓata ƙasa da ƙarafa daban-daban. Wuraren shara na yau da kullun na birni sune tushen yawancin abubuwan sinadarai da ke shiga cikin ƙasa (kuma galibi ruwan ƙasa), waɗanda ke fitowa daga nau'ikan ƙima iri-iri, musamman abubuwan da aka jefar da su ba bisa ka'ida ba a can, ko kuma daga wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa kafin 1970 waɗanda wataƙila ba su da iko sosai a ciki. Amurka ko EU. Hakanan an sami wasu abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba na dibenzodioxins na polychlorinated, waɗanda aka fi sani da dioxins don sauƙi, kamar TCDD.
Gurbacewar yanayi kuma na iya zama sakamakon bala'i. Misali, guguwa sau da yawa kan hada da gurbacewar ruwa daga najasa, da zubewar sinadarin petrochemical daga fashewar jiragen ruwa ko motoci. Babban ma'auni da lalacewar muhalli ba bakon abu ba ne lokacin da ake hada ma'aikatan man fetur ko matatun mai a bakin teku. Wasu hanyoyin gurɓatawa, kamar tashoshin makamashin nukiliya ko tankunan mai, na iya haifar da yaɗuwa da yuwuwar sakin haɗari lokacin da hatsari suka faru.
A cikin yanayin gurbatar amo babban tushen ajin shine abin hawa, wanda ke samar da kusan kashi casa'in na duk hayaniya maras so a duniya.
Fitar da iskar gas
[[File:CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png|thumb| Tarihi da hasashen iskar CO 2 ta ƙasa (kamar na 2005).
Source: Hukumar Kula da Makamashi. ]] Carbon dioxide, yayin da yake da muhimmanci ga photosynthesis, wani lokaci ana kiransa gurɓatacce, saboda yawan iskar gas a cikin yanayi yana shafar yanayin duniya. Rushewar muhalli kuma na iya nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin wuraren gurɓacewar muhalli waɗanda galibi za a keɓe su daban, kamar na ruwa da iska. Nazarin kwanan nan sun bincika yuwuwar haɓakar matakan haɓakar carbon dioxide na yanayi na dogon lokaci don haifar da ɗanɗano kaɗan amma haɓaka mai mahimmanci a cikin acidity na ruwan teku, da yuwuwar tasirin wannan akan yanayin yanayin ruwa.
A cikin watan Fabrairun 2007, wani rahoto da Hukumar Kula da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) ta yi, wanda ke wakiltar aikin masana kimiyya, masana tattalin arziki, da masu tsara manufofi 2,500 daga kasashe fiye da 120, ya tabbatar da cewa mutane ne suka zama sanadin dumamar yanayi tun shekara ta 1950. Wani babban rahoton yanayi ya kammala, mutane suna da hanyoyin da za su rage hayaki mai gurbata yanayi da kuma guje wa illar dumamar yanayi. Amma don sauya yanayin, sauyin yanayi daga albarkatun mai kamar kwal da mai na bukatar faruwa cikin shekaru da dama, bisa ga rahoton karshe na wannan shekara daga kwamitin sulhu na MDD kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC).
Lafiyar dan Adam
Rashin ingancin iska na iya kashe kwayoyin halitta da yawa, gami da mutane. Gurbacewar Ozone na iya haifar da cututtukan numfashi, cututtukan zuciya, kumburin makogwaro, ciwon kirji, da cunkoso. Gurbacewar ruwa na janyo mutuwar mutane kusan 14,000 a kowace rana, akasari saboda gurbatar ruwan sha ta hanyar najasa da ba a kula da su ba a kasashe masu tasowa. Kimanin Indiyawa miliyan 500 ba su da damar shiga bandaki mai kyau,  Sama da mutane miliyan goma a Indiya sun kamu da rashin lafiya ta ruwa a cikin 2013, kuma mutane 1,535 suka mutu, yawancinsu yara. Kusan Sinawa miliyan 500 ba su da tsaftataccen ruwan sha. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2010 ya nuna cewa mutane miliyan 1.2 ne ke mutuwa da wuri kowace shekara a kasar Sin saboda gurbacewar iska. Yawan hayakin da kasar Sin ta dade tana fuskanta na iya yin illa ga jikin fararen hula tare da haifar da cututtuka daban-daban. Hukumar ta WHO ta yi kiyasin a shekara ta 2007 cewa gurbacewar iska na janyo mutuwar rabin miliyan a kowace shekara a Indiya. Bincike ya yi kiyasin cewa adadin mutanen da ake kashewa kowace shekara a Amurka zai iya wuce 50,000.
Zubewar mai na iya haifar da haushin fata da rashes. Gurbacewar amo yana haifar da asarar ji, hawan jini, damuwa, da tashin hankali barci. An danganta Mercury da raunin ci gaba a cikin yara da alamun cututtukan neurologic. Tsofaffi sun fi kamuwa da cututtuka da gurɓacewar iska ke haifarwa. Wadanda ke da cututtukan zuciya ko huhu suna cikin ƙarin haɗari. Yara da jarirai kuma suna cikin haɗari mai tsanani. An nuna gubar da sauran karafa masu nauyi na haifar da matsalolin jijiyoyin jiki. Abubuwan sinadarai da rediyoaktif na iya haifar da ciwon daji da kuma lahani na haihuwa.
Wani bincike da hukumar Lancet ta gudanar a watan Oktobar 2017 da hukumar kula da gurbatar yanayi da lafiya ta gudanar ya gano cewa gurbacewar yanayi a duniya, musamman iska mai guba, ruwa, kasa da wuraren aiki, na kashe mutane miliyan tara a duk shekara, wanda ya ninka adadin mace-macen da cutar AIDS, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro ke haddasawa a hade, da kuma Sau 15 ya fi yawan mace-macen da yaƙe-yaƙe ke haifarwa da sauran nau'ikan tashin hankalin ɗan adam. Binciken ya kammala da cewa "gurɓata yanayi na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da ake fuskanta a zamanin Anthropocene. Gurbacewar yanayi na barazana ga zaman lafiyar tsarin tallafi na duniya kuma yana barazana ga ci gaba da rayuwar al'ummomin bil'adama."
Muhalli
An gano gurɓataccen abu a cikin muhalli. Akwai illoli da dama na wannan:
Wani bincike na 2022 da aka buga a Kimiyyar Muhalli &amp; Fasaha ya gano cewa matakan gurɓatar sinadarai na ɗan adam sun wuce iyakokin duniya kuma yanzu suna yin barazana ga duk yanayin halittu a duniya.
Laifi
Wani bincike na 2021 ya gano cewa fallasa gurɓata yanayi yana haifar da haɓakar laifukan tashin hankali.
Sakamakon makaranta
Wata takarda ta 2019 ta danganta gurbacewar yanayi da sakamako mara kyau ga yara.
Yawan aiki na ma'aikata
Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa gurbatar yanayi yana da mummunar tasiri akan yawan aiki na ma'aikata na cikin gida da waje.
Ka'ida da saka idanu
Domin kare muhalli daga illar gurbacewar yanayi, kasashe da dama a duniya sun kafa doka don daidaita nau'o'in gurbatar yanayi tare da rage illar gurbatar yanayi.
Kula da gurbataccen yanayi
Kula da gurɓata yanayi kalma ce da ake amfani da ita wajen sarrafa muhalli. Yana nufin sarrafa fitar da hayaki da magudanar ruwa a cikin iska, ruwa ko ƙasa. Idan ba tare da kula da gurɓata yanayi ba, abubuwan sharar gida daga cunkoson jama'a, dumama, noma, ma'adinai, masana'antu, sufuri da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam, ko sun taru ko kuma sun watse, za su lalata muhalli. A cikin tsarin sarrafawa, rigakafin gurɓatawa da rage sharar gida sun fi sha'awa fiye da sarrafa gurɓatawa. A fannin raya kasa, samar da karamin tasiri, irin wannan dabara ce ta rigakafin kwararar ruwa a birane.
Kudin gurbatar yanayi
Gurbacewa yana da tsada. Ayyukan masana'antu da ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska yana ɗaukar nauyin lafiya da tsaftacewa ga dukkanin al'umma. Ayyukan masana'antu wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska shine misali na mummunan waje a cikin samarwa. Wani mummunan waje a cikin samarwa yana faruwa "lokacin da samar da kamfani ya rage jin daɗin wasu waɗanda kamfanin bai biya su ba." Misali, idan kamfanin wanki yana kusa da kamfanin kera karafa masu gurbata muhalli, za a kara farashin kamfanin wanki saboda datti da hayakin da kamfanin kera karafa ke samarwa. Idan farashin waje ya wanzu, kamar waɗanda ƙazanta suka ƙirƙira, masana'anta za su zaɓi samar da ƙarin samfuran fiye da yadda za a kera idan ana buƙatar masana'anta su biya duk farashin muhalli da ke da alaƙa. Domin alhaki ko sakamakon aikin kai-kai ya ta'allaka wani bangare a wajen kai, wani bangare na waje yana shiga. Idan akwai fa'idodin waje, kamar a cikin amincin jama'a, ƙasan mai kyau na iya samarwa fiye da yadda lamarin zai kasance idan mai samarwa ya karɓi biyan kuɗi don fa'idodin waje ga wasu. Koyaya, kayayyaki da sabis waɗanda ke haɗa abubuwan waje mara kyau a cikin samarwa, kamar waɗanda ke samar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, galibi ana yin su da yawa kuma ba su da tsada tunda ba a saka farashin waje a kasuwa.
Yawancin masana'antu masu gurbata muhalli
The Pure Earth, wata kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta da ta sadaukar da kai don kawar da gurbacewar rayuwa a kasashe masu tasowa, ta fitar da jerin sunayen wasu masana'antu mafi gurbata muhalli a duniya. A ƙasa akwai jerin abubuwan 2016:
Toyota Celica
Toyota Celica    mota ce ta Toyota daga 1970 har zuwa 2006. Sunan Celica ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin coelica ma'ana ta sama ko ta sama. A Japan, Celica ta keɓanta ga sarkar dillalin kantin Toyota Corolla. An samar da Celica a cikin tsararraki bakwai, injunan silinda iri-iri daban-daban ne ke sarrafa Celica, kuma salon jikin sun haɗa da masu canzawa, masu ɗagawa, coupés da coupés masu daraja.
A cikin 1973, Toyota ya ƙirƙira kalmar liftback don bayyana Celica fastback hatchback, kuma ta yi amfani da sunan Liftback GT don kasuwar Arewacin Amurka. Kamar Ford Mustang, manufar Celica ita ce ta haɗa jikin ɗan adam zuwa shasi da injiniyoyi daga babban sedan mai girma, a cikin wannan yanayin Toyota Carina. Wasu 'yan jarida sun yi tunanin ya dogara ne akan Corona saboda wasu sassa na inji.
Ƙarni uku na farko na kasuwar Arewacin Amirka Celicas an yi amfani da su ta hanyar bambance-bambancen injin Toyota's R. A watan Agustan 1985, an canza tsarin tuƙi na motar daga motar baya zuwa gaba, kuma an ba da nau'ikan turbocharged duka-duka daga 1986 zuwa 1999. Canjin lokacin bawul ɗin bawul ya zo a cikin wasu samfuran Jafananci waɗanda suka fara daga Disamba 1997 kuma sun zama daidaitattun a duk samfuran daga shekarar ƙirar 2000. A cikin 1986, bambance-bambancen Celica Supra mai silinda shida an fitar dashi azaman samfuri daban, ya zama kawai Supra. An siyar da nau'ikan Celica masu sauƙi ta hanyar Corona Coupé ta hanyar sadarwar dillalin Toyopet a cikin 1980s kuma azaman Toyota Curren ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta Vista a cikin 1990s.
Toyota Celica Liftback GT ya lashe Mota Trend Mota na Shekara (Abin hawa da aka shigo da shi) a cikin 1976.
ƙarni na farko (A20, A30; 1970-1977)
Wannan motar an yi niyya ne a kasuwar Arewacin Amurka kuma ita ce amsawar Toyota ga 1964½ Ford Mustang ( Motar Pony ) wacce kuma ita ce daidaitaccen sedan ( Ford Falcon ) mai salo mai salo 2+2.
Matakan datsa na farko da aka bayar sune ET (1.4L 4-gudun), LT, ST (1.6L 5-gudun) da GT (1.6L 5-gudun) tare da ƙara GTV a cikin 1972. Don kasuwannin fitarwa ana samun Celica a cikin matakan datsa daban-daban guda uku; LT, ST, GT.
A gabatarwar Celica tana samuwa ne kawai a matsayin ginshiƙi mai wuyar warwarewa, tana ɗaukar " salon kwalliyar coke ". An nuna samfurin SV-1 Liftback azaman motar ra'ayi a 1971 Tokyo Motor Show & tare da ƴan gyare-gyare an gabatar da wannan a Japan a cikin Afrilu 1973 a matsayin 2.0L RA25 (18R-G) da 1.6L TA27 (2T-G)
An fitar da samfurin Liftback zuwa ƙasashen Asiya da yawa da Turai a cikin tsarin RHD a matsayin RA28 ko TA28 tare da ko dai injin 18R 2.0 ko 1.6-lita 2T-B. Bayan gyaran fuska na Oktoba na 1975 yana samuwa a duka nau'ikan RHD da LHD a wasu kasuwanni. An kuma nuna wagon "ra'ayi" na RV-1 a Tokyo Motor Show na 1971 amma bai kai ga samarwa ba. Samfuran GT na cikin gida na Jafananci suna da bambance-bambance daban-daban daga ET, LT da ST ciki har da sarewa na kaho, tagogin wutar lantarki, kwandishan da takamaiman GT datsa amma sun raba wasu abubuwa tare da ST — na'urar wasan bidiyo mai cikakken tsayi da matsin mai / ammeter. ma'auni-yayin da LT ke da fitilun gargaɗi don waɗannan ayyuka. Ban da kasuwar Amurka, GT yana da injin twincam 1600 cc 2T-G ko 2000. cc 18R-G, ba'a samuwa akan ET, LT ko ST kuma koyaushe yana da akwatunan kayan aiki masu sauri 5. Yawanci ga kasuwar Jafananci GTs suna da injinan 18R-G waɗanda aka haɗa su da Porsche da aka ƙera kusa da akwatin kayan saurin P51 5 yayin da samfuran fitarwa ke da W-50. Ga kasuwar Amurka kawai GT yana da injin cam guda ɗaya kawai (2000 cc 18R ko 2200 cc 20R) tare da zaɓi na akwatunan gear ɗin hannu na atomatik ko 4 akan samfuran farko sannan haɓakawa zuwa saurin W-50 5 a cikin 1974 – 1977.
Hakanan akwai nau'in GTV (2T-G), wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1972 tare da ƙarancin ɗanɗano kaɗan fiye da GT don rage nauyi. GTV ya zo da injin guda ɗaya amma tare da kauri na gaba mai kauri & tsayayyen dakatarwa don ingantacciyar kulawa. Daga baya a cikin 1973 GTVs na Jafananci suna da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa "Ok" tare da hasken taswira da tari na masu nuna matsala waɗanda suka gano busassun kwararan fitila, matakin ruwan birki, babban fis & ma'aunin zafin mai na ƙasa.
Celicas na ƙarni na farko za a iya ƙara rushewa zuwa nau'i biyu na musamman. Na farko daga cikin waɗannan shine na asali tare da hanci maras nauyi (hasken kusurwa mai kama da trapezoid). Wannan don ƙirar coupe kawai, TA22, RA20, RA21 & RA22. An samar da waɗannan samfuran daga 1970 zuwa 1975 kuma sun zo da kayan aikin 2T, 2T-G 1.6, ko 18R 2.0 lita. Suna da 95 in wheelbase.
Jeri na biyu yana da lebur hanci (hasken kusurwa na gaban murabba'i) da ɗan gajeren ƙafar ƙafa ( 98 in wheelbase). Wannan samfurin gyaran fuska ya bayyana a Japan a cikin 1974 amma don fitarwa shine shekarar samfurin 1975 shine TA23, RA23, RA24, RA25, RA28, TA28 & RA29. Sigar Jafananci tana da injuna ƙasa da lita 2.0 don dacewa da ƙa'idodin Jafananci game da girman matsugunin injin, ta haka yana bawa masu siye damar gujewa ƙarin haraji don babban injin. Masu sayan Jafananci sun biya ƙarin harajin hanya na shekara-shekara ga injiniyoyi sama da lita 1.5 yayin da suke zama ƙarƙashin madaidaicin lita 2.0.
A wasu kasuwanni, ƙananan ƙarshen LT an sanye shi da injin carbureted guda huɗu-Silinda 2T wanda ke maye gurbin 1600 cc, yayin da ST ya zo tare da ingin Solex downdraft carburetor 2T-B. 2T-G wanda ya yi amfani da samfurin GT/GTV mai girma shine injin DOHC 1600 cc sanye da tagwayen Mikuni-Solex Carburetors.
Celica ta farko don Arewacin Amurka, 1971 ST tana da injin 1.9 lita 8R. Samfuran 1972-1974 suna da injunan 18R-C 2.0 lita. Domin 1975-77, injin na Arewacin Amirka Celica shine 2.2 lita 20R. An gabatar da samfuran Celica GT da LT a cikin Amurka don shekarar ƙirar ta 1974. Babban layin GT ya haɗa da watsawa mai saurin W-50 mai saurin 5, ratsi na GT rocker da ƙirar ƙarfe mai salo tare da zoben datti na chrome. An sayar da LT a matsayin samfurin tattalin arziki. 1974 ya ga ƙananan canje-canje a cikin gyare-gyare na Celica da bajoji da ƙananan ƙafafu daban-daban, farkon 1971-73 arches wanda aka fi sani da bakin ciki da kuma daga baya 1974-77 a matsayin lebur. Celica ta Arewacin Amurka tana sanye da kayan aikin tsaro na tarayya kamar ginshiƙin makamashi da bel ɗin kujera. Waɗannan na zaɓi ne a wasu kasuwannin ketare.
Watsawa ta atomatik ta A40 ta zama zaɓi akan samfuran Arewacin Amurka ST da LT waɗanda suka fara a cikin shekarar ƙirar 1973. Domin 1975 an yi amfani da jikin 1974 kuma sturdier chrome da black robar bomper sanduna tare da a kwance masu ɗorawa masu jujjuyawa (style Volvo) sun maye gurbin chrome bumpers da aka yi amfani da su a cikin motocin da suka gabata (daidai da dokokin ƙawancen Tarayyar Amurka) waɗanda ke ba da tasiri ba tare da ƙaramin lalacewa ba a 5 mph. Abin baƙin cikin shine farkon injunan 8R da 18R sun tabbatar da cewa sun kasance ƙasa da dorewa, tare da gazawar farko gama gari. An inganta ƙarfin injin 18R-C na 1974 da ɗan ɗanɗano, amma 20R da aka gabatar don 1975 ya tabbatar da zama injin mafi inganci a mafi yawan halaye.
1972 update
A watan Agusta 1972 an sabunta fitilun wutsiya daga fitilun wutsiya guda ɗaya (wanda ake kira wutsiya ɗaya ko fitilun lebur) zuwa fitilun wutsiya tare da keɓancewar birki & juya siginar "kumfa" ruwan tabarau. An kuma sake fasalin sashin cibiyar na baya yayin da aka matsar da tankin mai daga gangar jikin zuwa bayan kujerun baya sannan kuma an matsar da man fetur daga wani wuri da aka ɓoye tsakanin fitilun wutsiya zuwa ginshiƙin "C" na hagu. Sauran canje-canjen sun haɗa da canje-canje ga baji na gaba da na baya, ƙaura na ƙugiya masu ja, canje-canje ga launi na madubin reshe (a kan motocin da aka sanye da madubin nau'in wasanni) da canje-canje zuwa na'ura mai kwakwalwa a kan ST da GT model.
1974 update
Sauran canje-canjen da aka yi a cikin shekarar ƙirar ta 1974 sun haɗa da ƙaddamar da bakuna masu walƙiya, wani canji a salon bajojin da kuma gabatar da sabon salo na hurumin bayan kwata. Ga kasuwar Jafananci, motocin kuma sun ƙunshi wani magani na gaba na gaba daban-daban tare da gabatar da sashin gaba mai lebur (mai kama da, amma ba musanyawa da samfurin Celica daga baya ba,).
1976 update
1976 ya kawo mafi girman sabuntawa ga samfurin. An ƙaru da ƙafar ƙafar motar kuma motar tana da bambanci daban-daban na waje da na ciki. A waje mafi yawan abin da aka fi sani da bambanci shine ƙarshen gaban lebur (mai kama da samfuran JDM na baya ), kawar da murhun murfi mai cirewa (maye gurbinsu ta hanyar vents da aka kafa a cikin matsin kaho) da kuma iska guda ɗaya wacce ta maye gurbin tagwayen vents akan samfuran da suka gabata. A ciki motocin kuma suna da dash na daban, kujeru da kafet. Sigar ɗagawa kuma ta haɗa da waɗannan canje-canje.
Dagawa
The fastback -styled hatchback, wanda ake kira da Liftback ta Toyota, an gabatar da shi don kasuwar Japan a cikin Afrilu 1973 amma ba har zuwa Yuli 1974 don samfurin fitarwa. Samfura don kasuwar cikin gida ta Jafananci Liftback sune 1600 ST, 1600 GT (TA27), 2000 ST, da 2000 GT (RA25 da RA28). An ba da ɗorawa na Arewacin Amurka (RA29) tare da injin 2.2-lita 20R don shekarar ƙirar 1976 da 1977. Duk samfuran ɗagawa suna da lebur hanci. Ko da yake babu ginshiƙin "B" a cikin Liftback, taga kwata na baya suna gyarawa a wurin kuma kar a mirgina (kamar yadda suke yi a cikin babban coupe).
Ana kiran Liftback sau da yawa Mustang Jafananci ko Mustang Celica. Yana da saurin salo mai kama da 1968 Ford Mustang, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin fim ɗin Bullitt, ciki har da ginshiƙai na C-pillar da fitilun wutsiya na tsaye wanda ke sa hannu na Mustang mai salo kuma yana ba da cikakkiyar girmamawa ga zamanin tsoka-mota.
Samfuran fitarwa na fuska
Domin shekara ta samfurin 1975, US Specicas Celicas ya riƙe jikin 1974 amma ya sami izini na 5-mph bumpers gaba da baya. Fuskokin urethane masu launin jiki sun cika a cikin wuraren da ƙananan chrome bumpers suka mamaye a baya.
A cikin Oktoba 1975, an ba da duka Celica jeri tare da gyaran fuska tare da gyaran fuska da gasa. Sabbin lambobin ƙirar ƙira don ɓangarorin gyaran fuska RA23 don kasuwar duniya gabaɗaya tare da injin 18R ko RA24 don Amurka tare da injin 20R. An lissafta Liftbacks RA28 da TA28 (kasuwannin duniya) ko RA29 don Amurka. Hakanan akwai TA23, wanda yayi kama da RA23 amma tare da injin 2T da TA28 da aka bayar tare da 2T-B.
Celica RA23, TA23, RA28, da TA28 suna da kaho mai ban sha'awa wanda ya rasa a cikin TA22 ko RA20/21 coupé kuma a cikin TA27 da RA25 Liftback amma masana'anta ne a cikin 1975 akan Arewacin Amurka RA22 Celica don saukar da 20R mafi girma. mota. Hakanan TA22 Celica tana da ramuka masu cirewa da aka sanya a cikin kaho wanda RA23 da RA28 suka rasa, yayin da samfuran TA27 da RA25 suna da filaye guda uku masu tasowa a cikin murfin. Silsilar RA kuma tana da hanci mai tsayi don ɗaukar injin mafi girma. Fitar huɗa, hular mai mai da zaɓuɓɓukan ciki suma sun bambanta tsakanin jerin TA da RA a cikin kewayon ƙirar. Celicas na Arewacin Amurka na 1976-77 sun rasa ammeter da ma'aunin ma'aunin mai; an maye gurbinsu da fitulun faɗakarwa a cikin gungu na ma'auni.
Aliou Badji
Aliou Badji (an haife shi 10 ga watan Oktoban 1997) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bordeaux ta Faransa a matsayin aro daga ƙungiyar Ligue 1 Amiens.
Aikin kulob
Casa Sports shine kulob na farko na Badji. A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2017, ya kammala canja wuri zuwa Sweden don shiga Allsvenskan gefen Djurgårdens IF, sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru huɗu. ƙwararren nasa na halarta na farko na kulob ɗin ya zo ne a ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu a wasan lig da IK Sirius. Badji ya ci ƙwallonsa ta farko ta ƙwararru a ranar 23 ga watan Yuli a gasar lig da Östersunds FK. A wasa na gaba, Badji ya fara ci a karon farko kuma ya zura ƙwallo bayan mintuna 30 da AFC Eskilstuna. Duk da yake da ciwon kafa kansa a matsayin Starter a farkon yanayi a Djurgårdens IF, Badji sanã'anta suna a matsayin marigayi-in-da-game burin scorer, tare da key a raga ya sha marigayi da Häcken, Mariupol da AIK.
A cikin watan Janairun 2019, an bayyana cewa Badji ya ƙi komawa Hebei China Fortune na Super League na China. A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu, an mayar da Badji zuwa Rapid Wien kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba; sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da rabi. A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2020, ƙungiyar Premier League ta Masar Al Ahly ta sanar da rattaɓa hannu kan Badji kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da rabi kan kuɗi Yuro miliyan 2. Ya zira ƙwallo a wasansa na farko na gasar lig a kulob ɗin, inda ya zira ƙwallaye a wasan da suka doke Pyramids da ci 2-1 a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu. A cikin watan Agustan 2021, Badji ya koma kulob ɗin Amiens na Faransa a kan aro na shekara guda tare da zaɓin siye.
Ƙididdigar sana'a
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Jibril Aminu
Jibril Muhammad Aminu (an haife shi a watan Agusta, shekara ta 1939). Farfesa ne a fannin ilimin zuciya. ya kasance Jakadan Najeriya a Amurka daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003. Kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Adamawa ta tsakiya a jihar Adamawa, Najeriya, inda ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2003. Dan jam'iyyar PDP ne.
Haihuwa da aikin ilimi
An haifi Aminu a watan Agusta na shekarar 1939. Ya yi karatun likitanci, inda ya samu digiri na MBBS daga Jami’ar Ibadan a shekarar 1965, sannan ya sami digiri na uku a fannin likitanci daga Royal Post-Graduate Medical School dake Landan a shekarar 1972.
An naɗa shi Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science in 1972, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London a shekarar 1980 da Fellow of West African College of Physicians shi ma a shekarar 1980.
An maishe shi Babban Jami'in Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2004.
Aminu ya kasance mai ba da shawara a fannin likitanci, Babban Malami kuma Babban Dean, Nazarin Clinical a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Ibadan daga shekarar 1973 zuwa 1975 kuma Babban Sakatare na Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta ƙasa daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1979.
Sana'ar siyasa
Aminu ya riƙe muƙamin ministan ilimi na tarayya sannan kuma ya riƙe ministan man fetur da ma'adinai na tarayya daga shekarar 1989 zuwa 1992.
Lokacin da yayi ministan man fetur ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar masu samar da man fetur ta Afrika (1991) kuma shugaban ƙungiyar OPEC (1991-1992).
An zaɓe shi a matsayin wakilin Majalisar Tsarin Mulki na Kasa (1994-1995).
Daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003, Aminu ya kasance jakadan Najeriya a ƙasar Amurka.
An zaɓi Aminu a matsayin ɗan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar Adamawa ta tsakiya a shekarar 2003 sannan aka sake zaɓenshi a shekarar 2007. A matsayin Sanata Aminu an naɗa shi a kwamitocin harkokin ƙasashen waje, ilimi, sojojin sama da lafiya. A wani nazari na tsakiyar wa’adi da Sanatoci suka yi a watan Mayun 2009, Thisday ya ce bai ɗauki nauyin wani ƙudiri ba, amma ya bayar da gudunmawa wajen muhawara kan wasu ƙudirori. Ya tafiyar da Kwamitin Harkokin Waje da kyau, kuma ya himmantu sosai ga ayyukan Kwamitin Ilimi.
A ranar 2 ga watan Janairu na shekarar 2010, Ooni na Ife, Oba Sijuwade, ya naɗa Aminu "Bobaselu of The Source".
Rayuwa ta sirri
Jibril Aminu ya yi aure sau biyu. Matarsa a yanzu ita ce Hajiya Fatima Bukar Mulima wadda ta haifa masa ƴaƴa guda uku (3). Matarsa da ya saki ita ce Hajiya Ladi Ahmed, wadda ta haifa masa ƴaƴa shidda (6). Ƴaƴansa Bashiru Aminu da Murtala Muhammad Aminu masana tattalin arziki ne kuma ƴan kasuwa ne yayin da ƴaƴansa mata kuma ke aiki a matsayin lauyoyi (Nana Aminu) da likitan haƙori ( Aminu Bello).
Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka
Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka ( AUC ) tana aiki a matsayin reshe na zartarwa / gudanarwa ko sakatariyar Tarayyar Afirka (kuma tana da ɗan kwatankwacin Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ). Ya ƙunshi kwamishinoni da yawa waɗanda ke hulɗa da bangarori daban-daban na manufofi. Hedikwatar Tarayyar Afirka tana birnin Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. Ya kamata a bambanta da Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Jama'ar Afirka, (da ke Banjul, Gambia ), wacce ƙungiya ce ta daban da ke ba da rahoto ga Tarayyar Afirka.
Tarihi
A ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2005 an cimma yarjejeniya da Hukumar da Faransa inda Faransa za ta ba da gudummawar Yuro miliyan 5 don ci gaban ayyukan Tarayyar Afirka. Wasu daga cikin tsare-tsaren da wannan kudi za su bi sun hada da manufofin sadarwa na Afirka da rundunar tsaro ta hadin gwiwa ta Afirka. Wanda ya sanya hannu a madadin Hukumar shine Bernard Zoba.
Djamel Menad
Djamel Menad ( جمال مناد  ; an haife shi 22 ga watan Yulin 1960), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Algeria mai ritaya, wanda ya taka leda a matsayin gaba kuma wanda ke kula da USM El Harrach.
Aikin kulob
An haife shi a El Bayadh, Menad ya fara taka leda tare da CR Belouizdad, kafin ya koma JS Kabylie. A cikin shekarar 1987, ya sanya hannu tare da Nîmes Olympique na Faransa, yana fafatawa a cikin yanayi uku na Ligue 2 kuma ya bayyana a kusan wasannin hukuma 100. A cikin shekarar 1989-1990, ya zira kwallaye mafi kyawun aiki - a Turai - kwallaye 12 a wasanni 27, amma tawagarsa ta kasa samun ci gaba bayan kammala a matsayi na uku.
Menad ya ciyar da wadannan yanayi uku a Portugal, yana bayyana ga FC Famalicão (shekaru biyu) da CF Os Belenenses, ko da yaushe a cikin babban rabo. Daga baya, yana da shekaru 33, ya koma kasarsa kuma ya yi ritaya bayan shekaru hudu, bayan ya yi aiki tare da tsohon kulob din Kabylie (inda ya lashe gasar cin kofin Afirka a shekarar 1995) da USM Alger.
A cikin shekarar 2005, Menad ya fara horarwa, yana jagorantar ƙungiyarsa ta ƙarshe a matsayin ɗan wasa. A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2011, an kore shi daga mukaminsa a JSM Bejaia.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Menad ya buga wa Algeria wasa na farko cikin wasanni 81 a shekarar 1982. A baya can, a cikin shekarar 1980, ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na Olympics a Moscow, yana taimaka wa tawagar kasar zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe.
Menad ya zo na uku a matsayin gwarzon dan kwallon Afrika a shekarar 1986.
Sirrin kara kuzari
A watan Nuwambar 2011 Menad, wanda ke da 'yar nakasa, da sauran abokan wasansa na gasar cin kofin duniya sun yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan ko nakasar 'ya'yansu na da wata hanya ta magani da kocin Soviet na Algeria Evgeni Rogov ya umarce su.
Aikin gudanarwa
An nada Menad mai kula da USM El Harrach a watan Oktoba 2020.
Toyota Corolla Cross
Toyota Corolla Cross karamin crossover SUV ( C-segment ) ne wanda kamfanin kera motoci na Japan Toyota ya samar tun 2020. Yin amfani da farantin sunan Corolla, an sanya shi azaman madadin mafi amfani kuma mafi girma ga C-HR kuma an gina shi akan dandalin TNGA-C (GA-C) iri ɗaya kamar jerin E210 Corolla. Ta girman girman, Corolla Cross yana matsayi tsakanin ƙaramin C-HR-wanda yake raba dandamali-da mafi girma RAV4, a cikin layin Toyota na duniya crossover SUV.
Djamel Menad
Girmamawa
CR Belouizdad
Toyota Corolla Cross
An fara buɗe shi a Thailand a watan Yuli 2020 tare da sauran kasuwannin kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Taiwan a cikin wannan shekarar, yayin da aka fara gabatar da shi a wasu kasuwanni a cikin 2021.
Samfurin tagwayen Corolla Cross, wanda ake kira Toyota Frontlander ( Chinese   ), yana samuwa na musamman a cikin Sin kuma an gabatar da shi a ƙarshen 2021.
Djamel Menad
Girmamawa
JS Kabylie
Aljeriya
Mutum
Manazarta
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Nelson Almeida
Nélson de Almeida (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu 1979) tsohon ɗan wasan tennis ne na ƙasar Angola.
Toyota Solara
Toyota Camry Solara, wanda aka fi sani da Toyota Solara, wani matsakaicin girman coupé / mai iya canzawa ta Toyota. Camry Solara yana da injina bisa Toyota Camry kuma ya maye gurbin Camry Coupé da aka dakatar (XV10) ; duk da haka, ya bambanta da ƙirar mazan jiya na magabata, Camry Solara an ƙera shi tare da ƙarin fifiko kan wasanni, tare da ƙarin salo na rakish, da haɓakar dakatarwa da gyaran injin da aka yi niyya don samar da jin daɗin wasanni. An ƙaddamar da juyin mulkin a ƙarshen 1998 don samfurin shekara ta 1999. A cikin 2000, an gabatar da mai iya canzawa, yadda ya kamata ya maye gurbin Celica mai iya canzawa a cikin layin Toyota na Arewacin Amurka.
Na biyu-ƙarni Camry Solara debuted a 2003 don model shekara ta 2004, da farko miƙa a matsayin coupe; An gabatar da mai canzawa na ƙarni na biyu a cikin bazara na 2004 a matsayin ƙirar 2005. Samar da Coupe ya ƙare a tsakiyar 2008. Duk da bayanan hukuma cewa ana iya siyar da mai iya canzawa har zuwa 2010 idan buƙatar ta isa, an dakatar da samarwa a cikin Disamba 2008 kuma ba a ci gaba ba.
An ƙirƙira shi don yin kira ga alƙaluma na direbobi masu tunani na wasanni fiye da waɗanda suka fi son Toyota Camry sedan, Camry Solara ya yi marmarin haɗa kamannin "wasanni" da salo tare da fa'ida mai fa'ida. Kafin samar da Camry Solara, nau'in ƙofa 2 na Toyota Camry an san shi da Camry Coupe. An ƙara shi zuwa layin Camry na ƙarni na uku a cikin 1993 don samfurin shekara ta 1994 don yin gasa tare da Honda Accord da sauran motoci a cikin aji. Koyaya, saboda bai taɓa zama kusan sananne kamar sedan mai kofa 4 na Camry ba, Camry Coupe ya ragu a cikin 1996 lokacin da aka sake fasalin sedan don shekara ta 1997. Wani magaji na musamman ya shiga ci gaba a tsakiyar 1990s, wanda ya haifar da shigarwar ƙira mai nasara a cikin 1995 daga Warren J. Crain na Calty Design da Bincike. Bayan amincewa da ƙira, haɓaka samarwa ya gudana daga 1995 zuwa rabin farko na 1998. An shigar da takardun haƙƙin mallaka a Ofishin Samar da Lamuni na Japan a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1996, ƙarƙashin 1020408 da Nuwamba 14, 1996, a Ofishin Ba da Lamuni na Amurka USPTO a ƙarƙashin D407350.
Zamanin farko Camry Solara ya ci gaba da siyarwa a cikin kwata na uku na 1998 a matsayin ƙirar 1999 don maye gurbin Camry Coupe. Ya dogara ne akan tsarin injina na ƙarni na baya XV10 Toyota Camry kuma an gina shi a wuraren TMMC a Cambridge, Ontario, Kanada. Wannan samfurin ya ƙunshi 4-cylinder 5S-FE 2.2 L engine tare da 135 net HP (101 kW) da 147 lbft na karfin juyi a 4400 rpm, da injin V6 1MZ-FE 3.0 L tare da net HP 200 a 5,200 rpm (149) kW) da 214 lbft karfin juyi a 4,400rpm tare da 0 zuwa 60 mph (97 km/h) lokacin 7.1 seconds, Dukansu injiniyoyi iri ɗaya ne zuwa ƙarni na 4 na Camry, amma an ɗan sake sabunta su don samun ƙaramin riba a cikin iko ( hp da 6 hp, bi da bi).
Toyota Camry Solara kuma ita ce motar farko a cikin layin Toyota, bayan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta 1997 don nuna zaɓi na sitiriyo na JBL, wanda duk samfuran sun zo tare da na'urar CD mai ramuwa guda ɗaya da kaset. Samfuran SE sun zo daidai da ƙafafun karfe 15-inch da hubcaps, haɓakawa zuwa ƙafafun gami na inch 15. Kunshin Wasannin kuma yana ƙara dakatarwar da aka sake sabuntawa, sitiyarin da aka lulluɓe fata mai ruɗi, kujerun fata masu daidaita wutar lantarki ta hanyoyi takwas, haɓakawa zuwa ƙafafun alloy mai inci 16, tuƙi mai sabuntawa, ƙananan canje-canjen datsa da mai lalata leɓe na baya.
A cikin 2000, an ƙara masu canzawa SE da SLE zuwa jeri; An kera wadannan motoci a matsayin ‘yan kato-bayan da aka kammala, aka tura su zuwa wani kamfanin American Sunroof Company (ASC) inda aka cire rufin tare da sanya saman masu iya canzawa, sannan aka mayar da su zuwa Toyota don yin zane da taro na karshe. Da yake iƙirarin cewa an ƙera ainihin tsarin motar don wannan magani, Toyota bai yi wani dakatarwa ko canje-canjen tsarin daga coupe ba.
Gboyega Aribisogan
Gboyega Aribisogan ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda ya zama kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Ekiti a cikin watan Nuwamban 2022. Ɗan majalisa ne mai wa’adi biyu mai wakiltar mazaɓar Ikole I.  Aribisogan wanda ya fito daga Ijesha-Isu a ƙaramar hukumar Ikole, a yankin Sanata ta Arewa a jihar Ekiti an zaɓe shi a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamban 2022 a matsayin kakakin majalisar bayan rasuwar Funminiyi Afuye. An tsige shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamban 2022 kwanaki shida bayan hawansa mulki.
Hafsat Ibrahim Bauchi
Hafsat Ibrahim Bauchi jaruma ce a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato Kannywood, tana taka rawa a matsayin matashiya a masana antar tayi fina finai da dama a masana antar ta jima a masana antar tana fim.
Tarihi
Jaruma ce a masana antar fim ta Hausa Cikakken sunan ta shine Hafsat Ibrahim Bauchi Haifaaffiyar jihar bauchi ce, an haife ta a Karamar hukumar Toro a cikin garin bauchi. An haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan disamba shekarar ta alif dari tara da casa'in da biyu 1992. Ta fara fim a shekarar 2015 ta fara da zama jaruma daga Nan ta ɗaukaka har ta zamo furodusa a masana antar.
Fina finan ta.
Toyota Previa
Toyota Previa, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Toyota Estima a Japan, da Toyota Tarago a Ostiraliya, karamar mota ce da Toyota ta kera daga 1990 har zuwa Oktoba 2019 a cikin tsararraki uku.
Sunan "Previa" ya samo asali ne daga Mutanen Espanya da Italiyanci don "samfoti", kamar yadda Toyota ya ga Previa ta farko a matsayin abin hawa wanda zai samfoti fasahar da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙananan motoci na gaba. Previa ita ce karamar mota ta biyu mafi girma a cikin jerin gwanon Toyota a Japan bayan babbar kuma mafi kyawun Alphard/Vellfire.
Ƙarni na farko, wanda mai ƙirar Toyota Tokuo Fukuichi da mai tsara Calty David Doyle suka tsara a cikin 1987 (wanda aka shigar da lamba 24. Disamba 1987), an gabatar da shi a ranar 27 Janairu 1990, kuma yana da ƙofar gefe guda ɗaya kawai don fasinjoji na baya. Ya ƙunshi wani dandali na injina, inda aka shigar da injin ɗin inline-hudu mai ƙarfi da man fetur kusan lebur (a kusurwar digiri 75), ƙarƙashin kujerun gaba.
Shigar da injin a cikin wannan saitin ya ba da izinin shiga tsakani mai sauƙi zuwa ga filogi, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin panel a gefen hagu na sama na abin hawa, bayan cire wurin zama na fasinja na gaba, kafet da kuma wurin shiga.
Dukkanin na'urorin da injin ke tukawa, kamar su na'ura mai canzawa, famfo mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, injin kwandishan kwandishan da fann radiyo, ana samun damar su daga murfin gaba, ana fitar da su daga gaban injin ta hanyar abin hawa, kuma an san su da Tsarin Na'urorin Na'ura na Na'ura., ko "SADS". Wannan yana ba da damar rarraba nauyi na gaba / baya, wanda ke amfana da inganci da kulawa. Duk da haka, yana kuma hana shigar da injin da ya fi girma, yayin da ba za a iya jujjuya farashin ta hanyar raba dandalin tare da wasu motoci ba.