cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki Da Yancin Jama'a
Kalubalen kungiya
Hakkokin Tattalin Arziƙi da na Jama'a sun fi wahalar bayyanawa da tilastawa fiye da haƙƙin jama'a da siyasa kuma CESR ta haɗu da ƙalubale da yawa game da ayyukanta da / ko dabarunsu, wasu sun sadu da nasara wasu kuma tare da gazawa. Masu sukar lamiri suna ba da shawarar cewa bai isa ba ga kungiya kawai ta fallasa cin zarafi da kasadar zama wata murya a cikin taron amma ana bukatar karfi da dabaru sosai. Wannan ya hada da ba wai kawai kokarin mai da hankali ba a karshen zangon kallon kamar na gwamnatoci da masu bayar da agaji ba sai dai karin zurfafawa da kuma karin shigar da jama'ar yankin wadanda za su kasance wadanda abin ya fi shafa ta hanyar rabon arzikin da ke tattare da hakkokin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.
Manufofin jama'a
Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Yancin Jama'a na neman tasiri da sauya manufofin jama'a game da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a da dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya, gaba ɗaya ta hanyar bincike da bayar da shawarwari. CESR ta ba da labarai da yawa, takaddun gaskiya na ƙasa, wallafe-wallafe kan batun, takamaiman takaddun ƙasar da gabatarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a hukumance. Hakanan sun kirkiro laburare na wallafe-wallafe da albarkatu game da dukkan yankuna na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa kuma sun haɓaka jerin kayan aiki da albarkatu don sa ido kan haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a da kuma ma'amala da musantawa da take hakki. Baya ga ƙoƙarin da suke yi na ilimantar da jama'a, ƙungiyoy da gwamnatoci, sadarwar su da haɗin gwiwa kamar yadda kuma aka ba CESR damar yin aiki don canza manufofin jama'a ta hanyar matsin lamba na siyasa, da mahimmanci ta hanyar fallasa ƙaryatawa da keta haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma da aiki don ganin an yiwa gwamnatoci da 'yan wasan da ba na jihar adalci game da wadannan hakkokin. Musamman, CESR tayi aiki sosai a cikin Amurka tun daga shekarata alif .1998 don magance adawar Amurka da rashin amincewa da ICESR kuma saboda haka, rashin matuƙar rashin nasara game da haƙƙin tattalin arziƙi da zamantakewar jama'a, ɗayan mafi munin bayanai na duk manyan -kasashe masu shigowa a duniya. CESR, baya ga matakan matsin lamba na siyasa da siyasa, har ma ta bukaci Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ya yi nazari na musamman kan take hakkin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar Amurka gabannin Bita na Zamani na Duniya, tare da kara matsin lambar kasa da kasa akan Jihar.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, CESR shima yayi aiki sosai don canjin manufofin jama'a, musamman manufofin kasafin kudi, a Guatemala kuma ya gamu da nasarori da koma baya. Kamar kasashen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, CESR har yanzu tana aiki don tabbatar da lissafin kuɗi ta jihohi bin bita na ƙasa da ƙasa. Gabaɗaya magana, CESR yana aiki a ƙasashen duniya don matsawa jihohi don cika Muradun Bunkasuwar Millennium tare da nasarori iri-iri da koma baya.
Tekun Baltic
Tekun Baltic wani yanki ne na Tekun Atlantika wanda ke kewaye da Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Jamus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rasha, Sweden da Arewa da Tsakiyar Turai.
Tekun yana shimfiɗa daga 53°N zuwa 66°N latitude kuma daga 10°E zuwa 30°E longitude. Teku ce mai shiryayye da kuma bakin teku na Tekun Atlantika, tare da iyakancewar musayar ruwa tsakanin sassan ruwa biyu, wanda ya haifar da kasancewar tekun cikin ciki. Tekun Baltic yana magudawa ta mashigin Danish zuwa cikin Kattegat ta hanyar Øresund, Great Belt da Little Belt. Ya hada da Gulf of Bothnia, Bay of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland, Gulf of Riga da Bay of Gdańsk.
"Baltic Proper" yana da iyaka a gefen arewa, a latitude 60 ° N, ta Åland da Gulf of Bothnia, a gefen arewa maso gabas ta Gulf of Finland, a gefen gabas ta Gulf of Riga, kuma a yamma. ta yankin Yaren mutanen Sweden na kudancin Scandinavian Peninsula. An haɗa Tekun Baltic ta hanyoyin ruwa na wucin gadi zuwa Tekun White ta hanyar White sea-Baltic Canal da Bight na Jamus na Tekun Arewa ta hanyar Kiel Canal.
Gudanarwa
Yarjejeniyar Helsinki kan Kare Muhallin Ruwa na Yankin Tekun Baltic ya haɗa da Tekun Baltic da Kattegat, ba tare da kiran Kattegat wani ɓangare na Tekun Baltic ba, "Don manufar wannan Yarjejeniyar 'Yankin Baltic Sea' zai zama Baltic Sea. Teku da Ƙofar shiga Tekun Baltic, an yi iyaka da daidaicin Skaw a cikin Skagerrak a 57°44.43'N."
Traffic history
A tarihi, Masarautar Denmark ta tattara Sound Dues daga jiragen ruwa a kan iyaka tsakanin teku da tekun Baltic da ke kulle, a cikin tandem: a cikin Øresund a gidan Kronborg kusa da Helsingør; a cikin Babban Belt a Nyborg; kuma a cikin Karamin Belt a mafi kunkuntar sa sannan Fredericia, bayan an gina wannan kagara. Mafi ƙanƙanta na Little Belt shine "Middelfart Sund" kusa da Middelfart.
Sufuri a Equatorial Guinea
Wannan muƙala ta jera sufuri a Equatorial Guinea.
Layin dogo
A halin yanzu babu layin dogo a Equatorial Guinea.
Manyan hanyoyi
Akwai 2,880 km (1,790 mi) na manyan tituna a cikin Equatorial Guinea, yawancin waɗanda ba a yi su a shekara ta 2002 ba. Hanyoyin da manyan hanyoyin Equatorial Guinea ba su da haɓaka, amma suna inganta. A lokacin damina, galibi ba za a iya wucewa ta tituna ba tare da ababan hawa.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙasar ta kasance kwanan nan ta gina titin mota mai tsawon kilomita 175 tsakanin Bata da filin jirgin saman shugaban kasa Obiang Nguema, kuma ana sa ran nan ba da jimawa ba zai isa birnin Mongomo da ke kan iyaka da Gabon.
Merchant marine
A shekara ta 2005, ƙasar tana da jirgin kasuwanci guda ɗaya na sama da 1,000 GT a cikin sabis; Jirgin ruwan kaya 6,556 GT.
filayen jiragen sama
Akwai filayen jirgin sama guda bakwai a Equatorial Guinea. Babban filin jirgin samanta shine Filin jirgin sama na Malabo a Punta Europa, Tsibirin Bioko. Jiragen sama na duniya suna aiki daga:
Daga filin jirgin saman Malabo, zaku iya tashi zuwa kowane filin jirgin saman kasar. Waɗannan filayen jirgin saman suna cikin yankin Annobón, Bata, Mongomoyen, da Corisco.
Sufuri a Masar
Sufuri a Masar yana tsakiya ne a Alkahira kuma galibi yana bin tsarin matsuguni a kan kogin Nilu. Ma'aikatar sufuri da sauran hukumomin gwamnati ne ke da alhakin jigilar kayayyaki a Masar, ko ta ruwa, kogi, kasa ko ta sama.
Dangane da tafiye-tafiyen jirgin kasa, iska da ruwa, babban layin dogo na kasar ya biyo bayan kogin Nilu kuma layukan dogo na kasar Masar ne ke sarrafa su. Baya ga hanyoyin ketare, Egypt Air yana ba da sabis na jiragen cikin gida zuwa manyan wuraren yawon bude ido daga cibiyarsa ta Alkahira. Tsarin Kogin Nilu (kimanin 1600 km ) da manyan canals ( 1600 km ) suna da mahimmanci a gida don sufuri. Har yanzu mutane na tafiya ta kogin Nilu, musamman tsakanin Alkahira da Aswan. Suez Canal babbar hanyar ruwa ce don kasuwanci da kewayawa ta ƙasa da ƙasa, tana haɗa Tekun Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya. Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa sune Alexandria, Port Said, Damietta akan Bahar Rum da Suez da Safaga akan Bahar Maliya.
Dangane da tuki, Masar tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru na asarar rayuka a kan hanya, kowace mil da aka tuƙi, a duniya. Hanyar hanyar sadarwa mara kyau ta faɗaɗa cikin sauri zuwa sama da 33796 km, wanda ke rufe kwarin Nilu da Delta Delta, Bahar Rum da Tekun Bahar Maliya, da Sinai da yammacin teku. Direbobi marasa haƙuri suna yin watsi da dokokin hanya akai-akai.
Tsarin hanya
Bugu da ƙari, Masar ta haɓaka babban tsarin manyan tituna 4 waɗanda za a iya rarraba su azaman hanyoyin kyauta, saboda suna aiki azaman hanyoyin al'ada kuma ba sa nuna wariya kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, don haka yana sa su sannu a hankali fiye da manyan hanyoyin.
Layin dogo
Tsarin layin dogo na Masar shi ne layin dogo mafi dadewa a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma na biyu mafi tsufa a duniya. An buɗe layin farko tsakanin Alexandria da Kafer Eassa a cikin 1854. A shekarar 2018, tsarin yana kusan 5085 km tsawo kuma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar layin dogo na Masar. ENR na ɗaukar fasinjoji kusan miliyan 800 da tan miliyan 12 na kaya duk shekara.
Birnin Alkahira yana aiki da tashar Alkahira, wanda Hukumar Kula da Ramuka ta Kasa ke tafiyar da ita, baya ga birnin Alexandria da ke amfani da Tram na Alexandria.
Hanyoyin ruwa
Akwai 3500 km na magudanan ruwa a Masar, gami da Kogin Nilu, tafkin Nasser, hanyar ruwa ta Alexandria-Cairo, da kuma ƙananan magudanan ruwa a cikin Kogin Nilu. Canal na Suez, 193.5 km (ciki har da hanyoyin), ana amfani da tasoshin jiragen ruwa, suna zana ruwa har zuwa 17.68 m (2011).
Bututun Mai
Kamar yadda na shekarar 2018 bayanai a cikin CIA World Factbook ya bayyana mai zuwa game da bututun na Masar: "condensate 486 km; condensate / gas 74 km; gas 7,986 km; ruwa mai 957 km; man 5,225 km; man / gas / ruwa 37 km; samfurori masu ladabi 895 km; ruwa 65 km (2013)"
Tashoshi
Masar tana da tashar jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci 15 da tashoshi na musamman guda 29. Tashoshin ruwa na musamman sun hada da tashohin ruwan yawon bude ido 5, tashoshin man fetur 12, tashoshin hako ma'adinai 6, da tashoshin ruwan kamun kifi guda 6.
Merchant marine
A cikin 2018, adadin jiragen ruwa na Masar, a cewar CIA World Factbook shine 399 kamar haka:
filayen jiragen sama
Zirga-zirgar fasinja na shekara-shekara a filin jirgin saman CAI. Duba tambayar Wikidata.
Kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa da dama ne ke amfani da filin jirgin sama na Alkahira, ciki har da na kasar Egypt Air da Nile Air.
Filayen jiragen sama masu shimfidar titin jirgi
jimla: 72
fiye da 3,047 m: 15
2,438 zuwa 3,047 m: 36
1,524 zuwa 2,437 m: 15
914 zuwa 1,523 m: 0
kasa da 914 m: 6 (2017)
Filayen jiragen sama masu titin saukar jiragen sama marasa kyau
duka: 11
2,438 zuwa 3,047 m: 1
1,524 zuwa 2,437 m: 3
914 zuwa 1,523 m: 4
kasa da 914 m: 3 (2013)
Monorail
A shekarar 2015, an ba da sanarwar shirin gina tsarin dogo guda biyu, wanda zai haɗa birnin Oktoba zuwa Giza na bayan gari, nisan 35. km, da sauran da ke haɗa Nasr City zuwa Sabuwar Alkahira da Sabon Babban Birnin Gudanarwa, tazarar 52 km. Za su zama na'urorin jirgin kasa na farko na Masar. A cikin watan Mayu 2019, an ba da kwangilar gina jiragen ƙasa guda 70 zuwa Bombardier Transportation, Derby, Ingila. Ana sa ran isar da jiragen kasan tsakanin 2021 da 2024. Orascom Construction and Arab Contractors ne za su gina hanyar sadarwar.
Nahom Mesfin Tariku
Nahom Mesfin Tariku ( Amharic : nahom Mesfin mulkin ; an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Maris 1989) ɗan wasan tseren Habasha ne wanda ya kware a tseren mita 3000. Ya yi takara a gasar Olympics ta bazara a shekarar 2008 da 2012. An haife shi a Dila.
Gudun sana'a
Ya kai wasan karshe na steeplechase a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a shekarar 2007. Nahom ya wakilci Habasha a gasar Olympics ta bazara na shekara ta 2008, yana gudanar da wasan steeplechase. Ya sake wakilci Habasha a irin wannan taron a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2012.
A shekarar 2013 ya koma Amurka, inda ya canza zuwa tseren hanya. Ya fara horarwa a Flagstaff, Arizona don yin gudu a tsayi mai nisa. Daga baya ya koma Alexandria, Virginia, kuma ya ci gaba da cin nasara a jerin tsere a yankin Washington, DC. A wata gagarumar gasa ta shekarar 2014 Cherry Blossom 10 Mile Run, Mesfin ya gama a matsayi na 12 da lokacin 47:30.
Sunday Afolabi (ɗan siyasa)
Fage
An haifi Sunday Afolabi a garin Iree, jihar Osun, ɗan ƙabilar Yarbawa. Laƙabinsa na gargajiya su ne Oloye Bada na Ile-Ife da Oloye Asiwaju Apesin na Oshogbo.
Afolabi ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Offa a Jihar Kwara daga shekara ta 1948 zuwa shekara ta 1950 da Makarantar Baptist Boys, Abeokuta daga shekara ta 1951 zuwa shekara ta 1953. Ya zama magatakarda na Accounts a Kamfanin United African Company daga shekara ta 1953 zuwa shekara ta 1954, sannan ya yi aiki a Bank of British West Africa, daga baya ya yi aiki a Bankin Standard Bank da kuma yanzu First Bank of Nigeria daga shekara ta1954 zuwa shekara ta 1961. Ya kasance Babban Akanta a Jami'ar Ibadan daga shekara ta 1961 zuwa shekara ta 1978.
Farkon sana'ar siyasa
Afolabi ya zama mamba kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Action Group, Osun Division. A Jamhuriyya ta Biyu (1979–1983) Afolabi ya kasance memba na Jam’iyyar Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) ta Cif Obafemi Awolowo. Ya taɓa zama mataimakin gwamnan jihar Oyo lokacin Bola Ige yana gwamna. Daga baya ya koma jam'iyyar NPN ta ƙasa, ya zama ministan ilimi a gwamnatin Shehu Shagari. Afolabi ya kasance memba na rusasshiyar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party a jamhuriya ta Uku wadda aka zubar a Najeriya (1989-1993), da jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Movement ƙarƙashin jagorancin Shehu Musa Ƴar'Adua. Ya zama mamba a jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a shekarar 1998 a kan gaba zuwa jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Najeriya.
Jamhuriya ta huɗu
Afolabi ya goyi bayan nasarar da Olusegun Obasanjo ya yi ta neman shugabancin ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1999. An naɗa shi ministan harkokin cikin gida a cikin watan Yunin a shekara ta 1999. Ya ce bai yi bara ya yi aiki a gwamnati ba, amma shugaban ƙasar da raɗin kansa ya ce “ni in zaɓi ma’aikatar da na ga dama”. Sai dai wataƙila naɗin nasa ya kasance saboda yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ƙabilar Yarbawa da ke goyon bayan Obasanjo. Ya yi aiki tare da Bola Ige wajen samar da Majalisar Dattawan Yarbawa masu goyon bayan Obasanjo don marawa yunƙurin Obasanjo baya a shekara ta 2003.
A matsayin ministan harkokin cikin gida, Afolabi ya ruwaito cewa gwamnati ta ware naira biliyan 2.4 domin gyaran gidajen yari a shekarar 2001. Ya kasance mai goyon bayan aikin katin shaida na ƙasa, wanda za a yi amfani da shi a zaɓen shekara ta 2003 na tarayya da na jihohi.
Hukumar da ke yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa (ICPC) ta kama Afolabi a ranar 5 ga watan Disambar a shekara ta e2003 yayin taron shugabannin ƙasashen Commonwealth. A cikin watan Disambar a shekara ta 2003 Afolabi ya gurfana a gaban kotu tare da magajinsa a matsayin ministan harkokin cikin gida Mohammed Shata, tsohon ministan ƙwadago Hussain Akwanga da sauransu bisa zarginsu da neman cin hancin da ya kai $2m daga wani kamfani na Faransa, Sagem dangane da kwangilar samar da dala miliyan $214m. katunan shaida. An ba da belin shi da sauran waɗanda ake tuhuma a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 2003. Afolabi ya mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya mai alaƙa da koda a Landan a watan Mayun shekarar 2004 yana da shekaru 73. A watan Yunin a shekara ta 2004, kotu ta yi watsi da tuhumar da ake yi masa.
Hanna Kokko
Hanna Kokko (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971) masaniyar kimiyya ce kuma cikakkiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Zurich. Tana aiki a fannonin juyin halitta da ilimin halittu kuma an san ta da bincike game da juyin halitta da kiyaye jima'i, ra'ayoyin da ke tsakanin ilimin halittu da halittu, da kuma halittu masu ci gaba na cutar kansa.
Ayyuka
Kokko ta halarci Jami'ar Fasaha ta Helsinki don digiri na farko a kan aikin injiniya. Yayin da take wurin, ta zama mai sha'awar ilimin halitta kuma ta yanke shawarar kammala karatun digiri na biyu na ilimin kimiyyar halittu. Ta kamala digirin digirgir. a Jami'ar Helsinki kan batun zaban jima'i da canjin zaɓi na miji a cikin shekara ta 1997. A wannan lokacin, William Sutherland ya koya mata.
Tuni Kokko ta rike mukamai a Jami’ar Cambridge, da Jami’ar Glasgow, da Jami’ar Jyväskyl H, da Jami’ar Helsinki, da kuma Jami’ar Kasa ta Ostiraliya, kuma a yanzu ita farfesa ce a fannin kimiyyar halittu a Jami’ar Zürich. Kum daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa shekara ta 2009 ta yi aiki tare a matsayin.
Kyauta da girmamawa
Littafin Kokko Kutistuva turska (Shrinking Cod) an ba shi lambar ) a cikin shekara ta 2009.  Ta sami lambar yabo ta Shekara ta 2010   da Kyautar  da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Biritaniya.  A cikin shekara ta 2010, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Australiya .   Ta zama Fellowwararriyar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Australiya a cikin shekara ta 2014  kuma ta ci nasarar achievementungiyar Al'adu ta'asashen Finland babbar kyautar nasarar al'adu a shekara ta 2016.  A cikin shekara ta 2020, ta zama memba na girmamawa ta Duniya na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka.
Fatima Jinnah
Bayan ta sami digirin likitan hakori a Jami'ar Calcutta a shekarar alif 1923, sannan ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Likitan hakori a Indiya ba tare da rabuwa ba, ta zama abokiyar kawance kuma mai ba da shawara ga babban yayanta, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, wanda daga baya ya zama Gwamna Janar na Pakistan na farko. Ta kasance mai tsananin suka ga Raj na Biritaniya, ta fito a matsayin mai ba da shawara mai karfi na ka'idar al'ummar biyu kuma babbar memba a cikin All-India Muslim League.
Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Pakistan, Jinnah ta kafa kungiyar mata ta Pakistan wadda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsugunar da mata 'yan ci-rani a sabuwar kasar da aka kafa. Ta kasance makusancin dan uwanta har mutuwarsa. Bayan rasuwarsa, an hana Fatima yin jawabi ga al’umma har zuwa shekarar 1951; Adireshinta na rediyo na 1951 ga al'umma yana da matukar damuwa daga gwamnatin Liaquat. Ta rubuta littafin <i id="mwKQ">Ɗan'uwana</i>, (My Brother) a cikin shekarata alif 1955 amma an buga shi ne kawai shekaru 32 bayan haka, a cikin shekarar alif 1987, saboda ƙididdiga ta hanyar kafa, wanda ya zargi Fatima da "kayan 'yan kasa." Ko da aka buga shafuka da yawa daga rubutun littafin an bar su. Jinnah ta fito daga ritayar siyasa da ta yi da kanta a shekarar alif 1965 don shiga zaben shugaban kasa da aka yi wa shugaban mulkin soja Ayub Khan. Ta samu goyon bayan wata gamayyar jam'iyyun siyasa, kuma duk da magudin siyasa da sojoji ke yi, ta samu nasara a manyan biranen Pakistan guda biyu, Karachi da Dhaka. Mujallar Amurka, Time, yayin da take bayar da rahoto kan yakin neman zabe na shekarar 1965, ta rubuta cewa Jinnah ta fuskanci hare-hare kan mutuncinta da kishin kasa daga Ayub Khan da abokansa.
Jinnah ta rasu a Karachi a ranar 9 ga watan Yuli shekarata alif 1967. Mutuwar ta na da cece-kuce, kamar yadda wasu rahotanni ke cewa ta mutu ne bisa wasu dalilai da ba su dace ba. 'Yan uwanta sun bukaci a gudanar da bincike, duk da haka gwamnati ta dakile bukatarsu. Ta kasance daya daga cikin shugabanni da ake karramawa a Pakistan, inda mutane kusan rabin miliyan suka halarci jana'izar ta a Karachi.
Abinda ta gada yana da alaƙa da goyon bayanta ga yancin ɗan adam, gwagwarmayarta a cikin Harkar Pakistan da sadaukar da kai ga ɗan'uwanta. Wanda ake magana da shi Māder-e Millat ("Uwar Al'umma ") da Khātūn-e Pākistān ("Lady of Pakistan"), yawancin cibiyoyi da wuraren jama'a a Pakistan an ba su suna don girmama ta.
Ƙuruciya da asali
An haifi Fatima a cikin dangin Jinnah a ranar 31 ga watan Yuli 1893, itace auta a cikin 'ya'ya bakwai ga Jinnahbhai Poonja da matarsa Mithibai, a Kathiawar, Gujarat, a lokacin shugabancin Bombay a Birtaniya Indiya. Fatima tana da yayu shida: Muhammad Ali, Ahmad Ali, Bunde Ali, Rahmat Ali, Maryam, da Shireen Jinnah. Daga cikin ‘yan’uwanta ita ce mafi kusanci ga Muhammad Ali Jinnah wanda ya zama waliyyinta bayan rasuwar mahaifinsu a shekarar 1901. Ta shiga Bandra Convent a Bombay a cikin shekarar 1902. A cikin shekarar 1919, an shigar da ita Jami'ar Calcutta mai fafatuka inda ta halarci Kwalejin Dental Dr. R. Ahmed. Bayan ta kammala karatun ta, ta buɗe asibitin hakori a Bombay a cikin shekarar 1923. Jinnah ta zauna tare da dan uwanta har zuwa 1918, lokacin da ya auri Rattanbai Petit. Bayan rasuwar Rattanbai a watan Fabrairun 1929, ta rufe asibitinta, ta koma bungalow din yayanta Muhammad Ali Jinnah don kula da 'yar yayarta Dina Jinnah kuma ta dauki nauyin kula da gidansa. Wannan sauyi ya fara dangantakar abokantaka ta rayuwa har zuwa mutuwar ɗan'uwanta a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba 1948.
Gajerun hanyoyi a Wikimedia
Wannan shafin na dauke da duk wani gajeren hanyan yin wani abu a Wikimedia, misali, duba gudummuwa da sauran su.
An kirkire shi domin taimaka wa masu neman hanyoyin yin aiki a Wikimedia.
Auduga zaitun
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Olive Edith Cotton a ranar 11 ga Yuli 1911, ɗan fari a cikin dangin fasaha,mai hankali.Iyayenta,Leo da Florence (née Channon) sun ba da tarihin kiɗa tare da wayar da kan siyasa da zamantakewa. Mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai zane-zane da pianist yayin da Leo masanin ilimin kasa ne, wanda ya ɗauki hotuna kan balaguron Sir Ernest Shackleton zuwa Antarctic a 1907.Iyalin auduga da 'ya'yansu biyar suna zaune a yankin daji na Hornsby a arewacin Sydney.Wani kawu, Frank Cotton farfesa ne a fannin ilimin halittar jiki kuma kakanta,Francis Cotton,memba ne na Majalisar Dokoki ta NSW a cikin Caucus na farko na Labour.
An ba da kyamarar Kodak No.0Box Brownie tana da shekara 11,Auduga tare da taimakon mahaifinta sun sanya wankin gida a cikin wani ɗaki mai duhu "tare da ƙara girma a cikin hasken ƙarfe". Anan auduga ta sarrafa fim kuma ta buga hotunanta na farko baki da fari. Yayin hutu tare da danginta a Newport Beach a 1924, Cotton ya sadu da Max Dupain kuma sun zama abokai,suna raba sha'awar daukar hoto.Hoton "She-oaks"(1928)an dauki shi a Bungan Beach headland a wannan lokacin.
Cotton ya halarci Kwalejin Mata na Methodist,Burwood a Sydney daga 1921 zuwa 1929,ya sami malanta kuma ya ci gaba da kammala BA a Jami'ar Sydney a 1933,wanda ya fi girma a Turanci da Lissafi;ta kuma yi karatun kiɗa kuma ta kasance ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar pian tare da ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awar Chopin's Nocturnes.
Hotuna
Cotton ya shiga Ƙungiyar Kamara ta Sydney da Ƙungiyar Hotuna na New South Wales,samun koyarwa da ƙarfafawa daga mahimman masu daukar hoto irin su Harold Cazneaux.
Ta nuna hotonta na farko,"Duhu", a New South Wales Photographic Society's Interstate Exhibition na 1932.Abokan zamanta sun hada da Damien Parer, Geoff Powell,samfurin Jean Lorraine da mai daukar hoto Olga Sharpe,wanda ya ziyarci ɗakin studio.
A Ostiraliya a cikin 1930s abokan ciniki sun ɗauka cewa mutum ne zai zama mai daukar hoto.Auduga cikin wryly ta kira kanta a matsayin"mataimakiyar". Duk da haka a duk lokacin da zai yiwu auduga ya dauki hoton shahararrun mashahurai ko abubuwa masu ban sha'awa a cikin ɗakin studio,har ma da daukar nauyin Dupain yana aiki a cikin sashinta, "Fashion Shot, Cronulla Sandhills,kimanin 1937"kuma ya sanya hotunansa. Mawallafin Sydney Ure Smith ya ba ta kwamitoci da yawa,kuma ya ɗauke ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu daukar hoto na 1930s da 1940s.
Mujallar ma'aikatan Bankin Commonwealth Bank Notes ta gabatar da ƙarin hotuna na Auduga a matsayin misalai.
Salo
A cikin shekarun 1930s Cotton ya sami ƙware ta amfani da salon daukar hoto na 'Pictorial'wanda ya shahara a lokacin kuma ya haɗa da salon salon zamani sosai. Hotunan auduga na sirri ne don jin daɗin wasu halaye na haske a kewaye.Daga tsakiyar 1934 har zuwa 1940 ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Max Dupain a ɗakin studio ɗinsa na kasuwanci da ke Bond Street,Sydney, inda ta haɓaka hanya ta sirri wacce ta mai da hankali kan ɗaukar wasan haske akan abubuwa marasa rai da yanayi.Sau da yawa za ta yi amfani da kyamararta Rolleiflex don tabbatar da halayen da ba a bayyana ba yayin da Max ya saita hasken don hoto.Ba da daɗewa ba salonta ya bambanta da na sauran masu daukar hoto na zamani na zamaninta.
Laurent D'Jaffo asalin
An haifi D'Jaffo a Faransa amma ya koma Afirka yana da shekaru biyu. Ya koma Faransa lokacin yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu inda ya sanya hannu tare da Montpellier yana da shekaru goma sha shida.
D'Jaffo ya kuma taka leda a Mansfield (inda ya zira ƙwallo a wasansa na farko da Hull City), Aberdeen, Ayr United, Bury, Stockport County da Sheffield United. D'Jaffo tun ya yi ritaya kuma yanzu yana aiki a matsayin wakilin kwallon kafa, yana taimakawa Sheffield United da zaratan 'yan wasa.
Ƙasashen Duniya
D'Jaffo yana cikin tawagar Benin a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta shekarar 2004.
Harin Ƙuna Baƙin Wake a Dikwa
A ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu 2016, wasu mata biyu ƴan ƙuna baƙin wake da ke da alaƙa da Boko Haram sun tayar da bama-baman da ke jikinsu, inda suka kashe mutane fiye da 60 tare da jikkata wasu 78 a wani sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira da ke Dikwa a Najeriya. Jami’ai sun ce wasu ‘yan ƙuna baƙin wake guda biyar ne suka kutsa cikin sansanin a matsayin ‘yan gudun hijira biyu daga cikinsu mata ƴan tsakanin shekaru 17 zuwa 20, inda suka tada bama-bamai a lokacin da ‘yan gudun hijira ke cikin jerin gwanon masu neman abinci. Wata ‘yar ƙuna bakin waken ta uku ta ki kashe kanta bayan ta shiga sansanin ta gano da ƴan uwanta a cikin (yan gudun hijirar), yayin da wasu biyu kuma suka ki tayar da nasu bama-baman dake jikin su, suka tsere daga sansanin.
Martani
Mataimakin shugaban Najeriya Yemi Osinbajo ya yi jawabi ga al'ummar ƙasar bayan harin a wata sanarwa da ya fitar: "Za a tura rundunar gwamnatin tarayya domin farautar waɗanda suka aikata wannan mugunyar aiki tare da tunkarar 'yan ta'adda da ke barazana ga rayuka, 'yanci da dukiyoyin 'yan Najeriya baki ɗaya. "
Kevin Mitnick
Kevin David Mitnick (Agusta 6, 1963 - Yuli 16, 2023) wani Ba'amurke mai ba da shawara kan tsaro na kwamfuta ne, marubuci, kuma wanda aka yanke masa hukunci. An fi saninsa da kama shi a shekara ta 1995 da kuma daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari saboda laifuka daban-daban na kwamfuta da sadarwa. Biyewar Mitnick, kamawa, shari'a, da hukunci tare da haɗin gwiwar aikin jarida, littattafai, da fina-finai duk sun kasance masu jayayya. Bayan da aka fito da shi daga gidan yari, ya mallaki wani kamfani na sa na tsaro, Mitnick Security Consulting, LLC, kuma yana da hannu da sauran harkokin kasuwancin tsaro na kwamfuta.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi An haifi Mitnick a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1963, a Van Nuys, California. Mahaifinsa Alan Mitnick, mahaifiyarsa Shelly Jaffe, kuma kakarsa ita ce Reba Vartanian. Ya girma a Los Angeles, California. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 12, Mitnick ya shawo kan direban bas ya gaya masa inda zai iya siyan tikitin tikitin nasa don "aikin makaranta", sannan ya sami damar hawan kowace bas a cikin babban yankin Los Angeles ta amfani da bayanan canja wuri da ba a yi amfani da shi ba da ya samu a cikin juji. kusa da garejin kamfanin bas.
Mitnick ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta James Monroe a Arewacin Hills, a lokacin ya zama ma'aikacin rediyo mai son kuma ya zaɓi sunan barkwanci "Condor" bayan kallon fim ɗin Kwanaki Uku na Condor.Daga baya aka yi masa rajista a Kwalejin Los Angeles Pierce da USC.
Sana'a Na wani lokaci, Mitnick ya yi aiki a matsayin mai karbar bakuncin Stephen S. Wise Temple.
A cewar Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka, Mitnick ya sami damar shiga yanar gizo da dama ba tare da izini ba yayin da yake gudun hijira. Ya yi amfani da wayoyin salula na zamani don boye inda yake, da kuma wasu abubuwa, ya kwafi babbar manhajar kwamfuta daga wasu manyan kamfanonin wayar salula da na kwamfuta a kasar. Mitnick ya kuma saci kalmomin shiga na kwamfuta, ya canza hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta, kuma ya shiga ya karanta imel na sirri.
MANAZARTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mitnick
Grace Berlin
Grace Fern Berlin (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, na shekara ta 1897 –ta mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, na shekara ta 1982) wata Ba'amurkiya ce mai ilimin yanayin ƙasa, masaniyar ɗabi'a da tarihi. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matan farko a cikin Ohio don karɓar digiri a fannin ilimin halittu.
'Yar Sanford Matthew Cowling da Ruth Richardson, an haife ta ne Grace Fern Cowling a Monclova, Ohio. Ta yi karatun ilimin kimiyyar dabbobi a Kwalejin Oberlin, ta kammala a cikin shekara ta 1923. Sannan ta koma gona. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta auri Herbert Berlin. Berlin ta gudanar da ofisoshi a cikin National Audubon Society, da Toledo Naturalists Association, da Ohio Audubon Society, da National Wildlife Association da kuma tarihin al'ummomin Ohio, Whitehouse, Maumee Valley da Waterville. Ta kuma wallafa takardu da yawa a kan gine-ginen farko na Ohio. An shigar da Berlin cikin zauren mata na Ohio a cikin shekara ta 1980.
Ilimi da Kulawa
Grace Berlin ta kasance tana da sha'awar aikin noma. Yayinda ta girma, ta canza shirinta kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa tana son yin karatu da aiki da ilimin kimiyyar halittu da kuma ɗabi'a. Ta kuma halarci kwalejin Oberlin kuma tana daga cikin matan farko da suka sami digiri a fannin ilimin halittu a wurin. Ta kammala karatu a shekara ta 1923. Ta buga takardu da yawa kuma abubuwan da ake gabatarwa akai-akai game da karatun kwasa-kwasan ne a cikin kwaleji gami da tafiye-tafiyen muhalli zuwa yammacin Amurka. Ta kasance masaniyar kimiyya kuma ta faɗi a ƙarƙashin taken da yawa. Berlin ƙwararren masanin yanayin ƙasa ne, masanin kimiyyar halittu, masanin ƙasa, da kuma tarihi. A shekara ta 1980 aka shigar da ita cikin zauren mata na Ohio masu suna.ref>
Rayuwar mutum
An haifi Grace Berlin Grace Cowling a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, na shekara ta 1897 a Monclova, Lucas County, Ohio, Ita 'yar Ruth Cowling da Sanford Cowling. Ta auri Herbert Berlin. Ta zama bazawara lokacin da ya mutu a shekara ta 1975. Ba ta da yara. Ta rayu tsawon shekaru 85 kuma daga ƙarshe ta mutu a shekara ta 1982 a asibitin St. Luke da ke Maumee, Ohio.
Ta kwashe tsawon rayuwarta tana mai da hankali kan ayyukanta amma ban da aikinta, Berlin na sha'awar kasuwar tsoho. Ta zama jagora a Log House a Whitehouse, wani ƙauye a cikin Toledo Metropolitan Area a Ohio. Ta kuma kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan yanayi da tarihi. Tana da hannu dumu-dumu a cikin waɗannan rukunin ƙungiyoyin da suke cikin ko kusa da garinta. Ta riƙe matsayi a kusan dukkanin su a kan gaba ko wani.
Nasarori
Grace Berlin ta kasance cikin kungiyoyi daban-daban kuma ta rike mukamai daban-daban. Ta kasance mafi yawancin sha'awar yanayi da kungiyoyin tarihi. Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin mukamai daban-daban na Berlin da nasarori da ta samu, sune kamar haka:
Harriet George Barclay
Harriet George Barclay (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1901 - ta mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 1990) wata Ba'amurkiya ce, mai nazarin tsirrai da tsire-tsire, masanin kiyaye muhalli CE, kuma mai fasaha. The standard
Tarihin rayuwa
Barclay ta kasance Farfesa a Jami'ar Tulsa. Daga baya ta zama Shugabar Sashin Botany a shekara ta 1953.
Ta kuma koyar a jami'o'in dake fadin Amurka: Colorado, Arkansas, Illinois, da North Carolina.
Harriet George Barclay ta tattara daga nahiyoyi daban-daban guda 6,  gami da samfuran daban-daban 15,000 daga Kudancin Amurka yayin gudanar da bincike a can.
Nasarorin
Barclay ta taimaka kwarai da gaske wajen samun erabi'ar inabi'a a Washington, DC don ba da haya ga Jami'ar Tulsa don Redbud Valley Nature Preserve - aikin farko na irinsa a Oklahoma.
Bayani
"Tafiya ba ta da wata daraja idan ka dawo gida ka manta da shi" - Harriet George Barclay.
'Yancin zaɓi
'Yancin zaɓi shine ƙarfin ikon zaɓar tsakanin darussa daban-daban na aiki ba tare da tsangwama ba.
’Yancin son rai yana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da ra’ayoyin alhakin ɗabi’a, yabo, laifi, zunubi, da sauran hukunce-hukuncen da suka shafi ayyukan da aka zaɓa kawai. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da ra'ayoyin nasiha, lallashi, shawara, da kuma hani. A al'adance, kawai ayyukan da aka yarda da su kawai ana ganin su sun cancanci yabo ko zargi. Ko ’yancin zaɓe ya wanzu, me yake da shi da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da ko akwai ko babu su na daga cikin muhawarar falsafa da addini mafi dadewa. Wasu suna tunanin 'yancin zaɓi azaman ikon yin aiki fiye da iyakokin tasirin waje ko buri. Wasu suna ɗaukar 'yancin zaɓe don zama ikon yin zaɓi waɗanda abubuwan da suka faru a baya ba a tantance su ba. Ƙaddamarwa yana nuna cewa hanya ɗaya ce ta al'amuran da ke yiwuwa, wanda bai dace da tsarin 'yanci na 'yancin kai ba. Falsafar Girka ta dā ta gano wannan batu, wanda ya kasance babban abin da ake mayar da hankali kan muhawarar falsafa. Ra'ayin da ke ɗaukar 'yancin kai kamar yadda bai dace da determinism ana kiransa incompatibilism kuma ya ƙunshi dukkanin libertarianism na metaphysical (da'awar cewa ƙaddarar ƙarya ce kuma don haka 'yancin kai shine aƙalla zai yiwu) da kuma ƙayyadaddun (da'awar cewa determinism gaskiya ne kuma ta haka ne 'yancin kai ba haka ba ne). mai yiwuwa). Har ila yau, rashin daidaituwa ya ƙunshi rashin daidaituwa mai wuyar gaske, wanda ke riƙe ba kawai ƙaddarawa ba amma har ma da rashin daidaituwa don zama marar dacewa tare da 'yancin kai kuma don haka 'yancin kai ba zai yiwu ba duk abin da ya faru game da ƙaddara.
Sabanin haka, masu jituwa suna ɗauka cewa yancin zaɓi ya dace da ƙaddara. Wasu masu jituwa har ma suna ɗauka cewa ƙaddara yana da mahimmanci don yancin zaɓi, suna jayayya cewa zaɓin ya haɗa da fifita hanyar aiki ɗaya akan wani, yana buƙatar fahimtar yadda zaɓin zai kasance. Compatibilists haka la'akari da muhawara tsakanin libertarians da wuya determinists a kan free nufin vs. determinism wani false dilemma. Masu jituwa daban-daban suna ba da ma'anoni daban-daban na abin da "'yancin zaɓe" ke nufi kuma saboda haka sami nau'ikan ƙuntatawa daban-daban don dacewa da batun. Masu jituwa na gargajiya sun ɗauki 'yancin zaɓe ba kome ba face 'yancin yin aiki, la'akari da wanda ba shi da ikon so kawai idan, da wanda ba ya so ya yi in ba haka ba, da mutum zai iya yin in ba haka ba ba tare da tawaya ta jiki ba. Masu jituwa na zamani a maimakon haka suna gano 'yancin zaɓe a matsayin ƙarfin tunani, kamar su jagoranci ɗabi'a ta hanyar da ta dace da hankali, kuma har yanzu akwai ƙarin ra'ayoyi daban-daban na 'yancin zaɓe, kowannensu yana da nasa damuwa, raba kawai fasalin gama gari na rashin ganowa. yiwuwar determinism barazana ga yiwuwar 'yancin zaɓe.
Robert Lau
Tarihi
Lau an haife shi ne a cikin iyali matalauta kuma mahaifiyarsa ta mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara uku. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Michael, Adelaide kuma ya yi karatun lissafi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kudancin Australia (yanzu Jami'ar Kudancin Ostiraliya). A Ostiraliya ya sadu da matarsa, Kapitan Dato 'Janet Lau Ung Hie. Yana da 'ya'ya uku tare da matarsa; Alvin Lau Lee Ren (babban ɗa), Tammy Lau Lee Teng (ɗan kawai) da Pierre Lau Lee Wui (ɗan ƙarami).
Ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a 1983 lokacin da ya shiga jam'iyyar SUPP. Ya fara takara a zaben majalisar dokoki a babban zaben Malaysia na 1990, inda ya lashe kujerar Sibu a kan dan takarar jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party da rinjaye na kuri'u 2,008. Ya kare kujerar a wasu zabuka hudu har zuwa shekara ta 2008.
Mutuwa
Lau ya mutu daga ciwon daji (cholangiocarcinoma) a gidansa a Kuala Lumpur a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2010. Rashinsa ya isa Sibu da dare a wannan rana kuma an gudanar da jana'izarsa kwana biyu bayan haka a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 2010. jana'izar ta fara ne da procession a kusa da tsakiyar garin Sibu sannan kuma wani taro a cocin Katolika na St. Theresa a unguwar Sungai Merah. Daga baya aka binne jikinsa a filin tunawa da Nirvana a titin Oya, a waje da garin.
Kungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Matan Kasar Masar
Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta kasar Masar, ita ce kungiyar kwallon kwando ta kasa da ke wakiltar Masar a gasar kwallon kwando ta duniya ta mata.
Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka
Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Masar ta lashe gasar FIBA ta Afirka ta mata a shekarar 1966 da 1968 sannan ta zo na biyu a shekarar 1970 a matsayin Jamhuriyar Larabawa. A gasar 1974 Masar ta yi nasara a matsayi na uku kuma ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar 1977. Kwanan nan sun zo na bakwai a cikin 2000
Wasannin Pan-Arab
Tawagar Masar ce ta zo ta biyu a shekara ta 2011, inda ta yi nasara a wasanni hudu sannan ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Lebanon.
Duk Wasannin Afirka
Tawagar mata ta Masar ta lashe lambobin tagulla uku a wasan kwallon kwando a gasar cin kofin Afrika.
Ontology
A cikin metaphysics, ontology shine nazarin falsafa na zama, da kuma ra'ayoyi masu alaƙa kamar wanzuwa, zama, da gaskiya. Ontology yana magance tambayoyi kamar yadda aka haɗa ƙungiyoyi zuwa rukuni kuma wanene daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ya wanzu akan mafi mahimmancin matakin. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sau da yawa suna kokarin tantance irin nau'ikan ko yadda suke samar da tsarin Kategorizations wanda ke bayyana rarrabuwar dukkan abubuwan. Rukunin da aka saba gabatarwa sun haɗa da abubuwa, kadarori, dangantaka, yanayin al'amura da abubuwan da suka faru. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna da alaƙa da mahimman ra'ayoyi na ontological, gami da keɓancewa da duniya baki ɗaya, rashin fahimta da kankare, ko yuwuwa da larura. Abin sha'awa ta musamman ita ce ra'ayin dogaron ontological, wanda ke ƙayyade ko ƙungiyoyin nau'in suna wanzu akan mafi mahimmancin matakin. Sabani a cikin ilimin ilimin kimiyya galibi akan ko ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin wani nau'i sun wanzu kuma, idan haka ne, yadda suke da alaƙa da wasu ƙungiyoyi.
Idan aka yi amfani da su azaman suna mai ƙididdigewa, kalmomin ontology da ontologies ba suna nufin kimiyyar zama ba amma ga ra'ayoyin da ke cikin kimiyyar zama. Za a iya raba ka'idodin Ontological zuwa nau'i daban-daban bisa ga alƙawuran su. Ontologies monocategorical sun ɗauka cewa akwai nau'i na asali guda ɗaya kawai, amma nau'i-nau'i masu yawa sun ƙi wannan ra'ayi. Ƙididdigar ilimin tsarin mulki sun tabbatar da cewa wasu ƙungiyoyi suna wanzu a kan matakin da ya fi mahimmanci kuma wasu ƙungiyoyi sun dogara da su. Flat ontologies, a gefe guda, sun ƙaryata irin wannan gata ga kowace mahalli.
Asalin kalma
Kalmar hadadden ontology ('nazarin zama') ta haɗu
Duk da yake ilimin asalin Girkanci ne, mafi dadewa na bayanan kalmar kanta sabon nau'in Latin ontologia ne. wanda ya bayyana
Farkon abin da ya faru a cikin Ingilishi na Ontology, kamar yadda Oxford English Dictionary ya rubuta, ya zo a cikin shekarar 1664 ta Archelogia philosophica nova... na Gideon Harvey. An fara amfani da kalmar, a cikin sigarta na Latin, ta hanyar masana falsafa, kuma bisa tushen Latin (da kuma na Girkanci).
Priscille Kreto
Priscille Kreto Lagoali (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Mayun 1997), wacce aka fi sani da Priscille Kreto, ' yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ivory Coast wacce ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga Wasannin Afirka d'Abidjan da ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Ivory Coast.
Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa
Kreto ta buga wa Ivory Coast wasa a babban matakin yayin gasar WAFU Zone B na mata na shekarar 2019.
Jeason James Ancheta
Jeanson James Ancheta (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1985) ya zama mutum na farko da aka tuhume shi da sarrafa adadi mai yawa na kwamfutoci ko botnets da aka sace.
Tarihin Rayuwa Ancheta yana zuwa Downey High School a Downey, California har zuwa 2001 lokacin da ya bar makaranta. Daga baya ya shiga wani shirin madadin ga ɗalibai masu matsalar ilimi ko ɗabi'a. Ya yi aiki a wani cafe na Intanet kuma bisa ga danginsa yana so ya shiga cikin ajiyar soja. A kusa da Yuni 2004 ya fara aiki tare da botnets bayan gano rxbot, tsutsa na kwamfuta gama gari wanda zai iya yada tarun kwamfutoci masu kamuwa da cuta.
MANAZARTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanson_James_Ancheta
Astra Biltauere
MANAZARTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_Biltauere
Albert Gonzalez
Albert Gonzalez (an haife shi a shekara ta 1981) ɗan ɗan fashin kwamfuta ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, mai aikata laifukan kwamfuta kuma ɗan sanda, wanda ake zargi da kitsa hada-hadar satar katin kiredit da kuma sake siyar da katin fiye da miliyan 170 da lambobin ATM daga 2005 zuwa 2007, mafi girma. irin wannan zamba a tarihi. Gonzalez da abokansa sun yi amfani da allurar SQL don tura bayan gida akan tsarin kamfanoni da yawa don ƙaddamar da hare-haren fakiti (musamman, ARP Spoofing) wanda ya ba shi damar satar bayanan kwamfuta daga cibiyoyin sadarwar cikin gida.
A lokacin da ya ke yi wa kasa hidima, an ce ya jefa wa kansa bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwa dala 75,000, kuma ya koka kan yadda ya kirga dala 340,000 da hannu bayan na’urar kidayar kudinsa ta karye. Gonzalez ya zauna a manyan otal-otal amma gidajensa na yau da kullun sun kasance masu ƙayatarwa. Shi, tare da tawagarsa, an nuna shi a cikin kashi na 5-kakar na jerin kwaɗayi na Amurka na CNBC mai taken: "Episode 40: Hackers: Operation Get Rich or Die Tryin'"
Gonzalez yana da laifuka uku na tarayya. Na farko ya kasance a cikin Mayu 2008 a New York don shari'ar Dave & Busters (jadawalin gwaji Satumba 2009). Na biyu ya kasance a cikin Mayu 2008 a Massachusetts don shari'ar TJ Maxx (gwajin da aka shirya a farkon 2010). Na uku ya kasance a watan Agusta 2009 a New Jersey dangane da batun Biyan Kuɗi na Heartland. A ranar 25 ga Maris, 2010, an yanke wa Gonzalez hukuncin daurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari na tarayya.
MANAZARTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Gonzalez
Kwallon kafa a Benin
Ƙwallon ƙafa, ko ƙwallon ƙafa, ita ce wasan da ya fi shahara a Benin. Hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Benin ce ke jagorantar ƙungiyar, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Benin (Les Ecureuils) ta haɗe da FIFA da CAF a shekarar 1969 a matsayin Dahomey. Dahomey ya zama kasar Benin a shekarar 1975.
Sunan Ecureuils
Les Ecureuils (The Squirrels, kamar yadda ake yiwa lakabi da tawagar kasa) ba su taba samun damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ba kuma sun fito ne kawai a gasar cin kofin Afirka a shekarar 2004. Sun ji daɗin matsayinsu mafi girma a duniya kamar na Satumbar 2007 tare da matsayi na 79 a duniya. Filin wasa na gida shine Stade de l'Amitié a Cotonou.
Manazarta
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Matthew Bevan and Richard Pryce
Mathew Bevan (an Haife shi 10 Yuni,shekara ta 1974) ɗan ɗan fashin ɗan Burtaniya ne daga Cardiff, Wales. A cikin 1996 an kama shi da laifin yin kutse cikin amintattun cibiyoyin sadarwa na Gwamnatin Amurka a karkashin Kuji. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 21, ya yi kutse cikin fayilolin Cibiyar Bincike na Cibiyar Bincike ta Griffiss Air Force da ke New York.
Bevan yana da niyyar tabbatar da ka'idar Maƙarƙashiyar UFO Kayan aikin sa guda ɗaya shine kwamfutar gida Amiga tare da shirin akwatin shuɗi na Roxbox. A cewar Ofishin Rundunar Sojan Sama na Musamman na Kula da Bincike na Musamman Jim Christy, Bevan na ɗaya daga cikin hackers biyu da suka kusan fara yakin duniya na uku.
MANAZARTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Bevan
Jonathan Joseph
Jonathan Joseph James (Disamba 12, 1983 - Mayu 18, 2008) ɗan Dan Dandatsa Ba'amurke ne (mai kutse ɗa'a mai launin toka) wanda shine matashi na farko da aka daure bisa laifin aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo a Amurka. Dan asalin Kudancin Florida yana da shekaru 15 a lokacin da aka aikata laifin na farko kuma yana da shekaru 16 a ranar da aka yanke masa hukunci. Ya mutu a gidansa na Pinecrest, Florida a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2008, sakamakon harbin bindiga da ya kai kansa.
MANAZARTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_James
Michael Calce
Michael Calce
(an haife shi a shekara ta 1984, wanda kuma aka fi sani da MafiaBoy) kwararre ne kan tsaro kuma tsohon dan fashin kwamfuta daga Île Bizard, Quebec, wanda ya kaddamar da jerin hare-haren kin amincewa da sabis a watan Fabrairun 2000 kan manyan gidajen yanar gizo na kasuwanci, gami da Yahoo!, Fifa.com, Amazon.com, Dell, Inc., E*TRADE, eBay, da CNN. Ya kuma kaddamar da jerin hare-haren da ba a yi nasara a lokaci guda ba a kan tara daga cikin sabar suna sha uku.
Rayuwar farko An haifi Calce a yankin West Island na Montreal, Quebec. Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara biyar, iyayensa suka rabu kuma ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa bayan ta yi nasara a yaƙi mai tsawo don kulawa ta farko. Ya ji ya kebance da abokansa a gida, kuma ya damu da rabuwar iyayensa, don haka mahaifinsa ya saya masa kwamfuta yana da shekaru shida. Nan take ya kama shi: "Zan iya tunawa a zaune ina sauraron sautin ƙararrawa, ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwanƙwasa yayin aiwatar da umarni. Na tuna yadda allon ya haskaka a gaban fuskata. Akwai wani abu mai ban sha'awa game da ra'ayin ƙaddamar da komai. Kwamfutar ta yi, har zuwa mafi kankantar ayyuka, Kwamfutar ta ba ni, dan shekara shida, fahimtar sarrafawa da umarni, babu wani abu a duniya da ke aiki haka.
MANAZARTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Calce
Mutanen Bozo
Bozo ( Bambara    )  ƙabilar Mande ce da ke da rinjaye a gefen kogin Niger a ƙasar Mali. Sunan Bozo ana tsammanin ya samo asali ߓߏ ߛߏ daga Bambara bo-so "gidan bambaro"; Jama'a sun yarda da shi a matsayin yana nufin dukan ƙabilar amma suna amfani da wasu takamaiman sunayen dangi kamar Sorogoye, Hain, da Tieye kansu. Sun shahara wajen kamun kifi kuma a wasu lokuta ana kiransu da “masu kula da kogin”.
Harshen Bozo, wanda na cikin rukunin Soninke-Bozo na Arewa maso Yamma Mande, an yi la'akari da shi a al'ada yare na harshe ɗaya ko da yake akwai aƙalla iri huɗu daban-daban.
Abubuwan al'adun Bozo sun samo asali ne a ƙarƙashin daular Ghana na ƙarni na 10, lokacin da Bozo suka mallaki bankunan Nijar. Bozo su ne suka kafa garuruwan Djenné da Mopti na Mali.
Ko da yake Bozo galibi musulmi ne, amma sun adana al'adun raye-raye da yawa kuma. Dabbobin su bijimin ne, wanda jikinsa yake wakiltar Nijar kuma ƙahonsa suna wakiltar ƴan fashin kamun kifi na Bozo.
Ƙidayar da aka yi a shekara ta 2000 ta kirga mutanen Bozo na kasar Mali zuwa 132,100.
Astri Aasen
Astri Aasen (3 Satumba 1875 - 10 Oktoba 1935) 'Yar ƙasar Norway ne mai zane. Ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta a birnin Trondheim, kuma a farkon karni na 20, Harriet Backer ta koya mata fenti a Oslo. Ta ƙirƙiri jerin hotuna na waɗanda suka halarci taron Sami na farko a 1917. Sámediggi (majalisar ) ta samo hotunan a ƙarshen karni na 20, inda suka ci gaba da kasancewa har na 2021. Bayan rasuwarta, danginta ne suka samar da tallafin karatu ga matasa masu fasaha.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Aasen a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1875 ga Anna Christine Næss da Nils Aasen.[1] Mahaifinta mai kayan ado ne, kuma mahaifiyarta ta mutu da tarin fuka lokacin da Aasen tana da shekaru biyu. Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta, mahaifinta ya auri 'yar'uwar Næss, kuma sun kula da 'yan'uwa hudu. Biyu daga cikin ƴan uwanta sun rasu tana ɗan shekara 17 a duniya.
Sana'a
A cikin rayuwar matashiyar Aasen, ta zama mai sake gyarawa a cikin birnin Ålesund, kuma ta fara koyon fenti a Bergen lokacin tana da shekara 25 (wajen shekara ta 1900). Na ɗan gajeren lokaci a kusa da 1903, kuma ta ci gaba tsakanin 1907 da 1909, mai zane Harriet Backer ya horar da ita a (sannan Kristiania ).[3] A cewar marubuci Glenny Alfsen, aikinta na fasaha ya ƙunshi "ƙaddarawar dabi'a ": ta ƙirƙiri hotuna ba tare da fassarori ba. Bayan mutuwar iyayenta, ta yi amfani da yawancin rayuwarta a birnin na Norway, inda ta yi aƙalla nuni guda ɗaya kuma ta zauna tare da 'yar uwarta.[3] Ta baje kolin a birane da yawa tsawon rayuwarta - ciki har da Paris, Capri, Florence, da Naples - amma a kai a kai takan dawo Trondheim. Tsakanin 1900 zuwa 1912, masu fasaha ma sun koya mata., Viggo Johansen, Christian Krohg, Halfdan Strøm, da Léon Bonnat.