cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel
Yana da digiri na biyu a fannin siyasa da gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Bayero Kano, dake a jihar Kano. Amma kafin hakan, ya halarci Kwalejin Kimiyya da fasaha ta Kaduna, Jihar Kaduna inda ya sami Digirin Digirgir na kasa a Accountancy kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Jami’ar Bayero Kano, inda ya samu ci gaban difloma a cikin Jami’ar da kuma Digirin Digiri na biyu a Manufofin Jama’a da Gudanarwa.
Obowo
Obowo, karamar hukuma ce a jihar Imo ta Najeriya. Hedkwatarta ​​ita ce Otoko a Umuariam. Sauran garuruwan karamar hukumar sun hada da Achara, Amanze Umuagu, Ehume, Umungwa, Umulogho, Odenkwume, Okwuohia, Amuzi, Alike, Avutu, Umuosiochie da Umuoke. An haifi tsohon gwamnan jihar Imo Cif Onaka Sam Mbakwe kuma ya rasu a garin Obowo. Obowo yana da nisan mintuna 45 daga Owerri, babban birnin jihar Imo. Wurin yana ƙetaren Kogin Imo kuma bai fi minti 30 ba daga Umuahia da Ahiara a gaban wasu wurare. Tare da mahaɗin Amanze bakwai da rabi (71/2) da mashahurin alamun kasuwannin Malaysia .Garuruwa da cibiyoyin kasuwanci a Obowo L.G.A. sun hada da Achingali, Afor-Nkolor Amanze, Eke-Avutu, Orie – Achara, Eke-Umuariam, Ugwumabiri, Ogwoghoroanya, Uhuri, Ogbotukwu, Bakwai da rabi, Afor-udu, Nwokoisiama, Ekeja, Afor- Achara, Kasuwar Malaysia (Kasuwa ta zamani ta Onuimo Umungwa Obowu) da dai sauransu. Karamar hukumar ta Obowo ta samo asali ne tun a watan Mayun 1989 da tsohuwar gwamnatin Ibrahim Babangida ta kafa kananan hukumomi a Najeriya. Hedikwatar majalisar tana Otoko. Karamar hukumar Obowo anciro ta ne daga uwar karamar hukumar Etiti hedkwatarta sannan a Isi-Nweke. A Arewa kuma akwai kananan hukumomin Ahiazu da Aboh Mbaise, yayin da iyakar Gabas ta raba shi da Umuahia jihar Abia. Karamar Hukumar a halin yanzu tana da wasu al'ummomi masu cin gashin kansu. Babbar sana'ar da mutanen Obowo sukeyi ita ce noma da kamun kifi. Tare da dunkulewar tattalin arzikin duniya, mutanen Obowo yanzu sun rungumi bangarori daban-daban na hidimomin masana'antu, daga masana'antu zuwa sadarwa. Suna samar da dabino. Mutanen Obowo suna samar da mai me yawa, kwaya, kwandunan gida da tsintsiya, Kifi. Sauran samfuran da suka shahara sun haɗa da noman rogo. Jama’a sun waye a siyasance, sun samar da Gwamnan Jihar Imo na farko, Marigayi Cif Samuel Onunaka Mbakwe da sauran fitattun ‘yan siyasa, na kasa da Jiha har da kananan hukumomi. ’Yan kabilar Obawo suna taka rawa a siyasa. Al'adu da yawon bude ido, Obowo na da bukin al'adu da yawa, bikin Iwa-Akwa da tsarin shekaru masu yawa, wanda ya kunshi babban dan kabilar Obowo. Sauran bukukuwan kamar, Ekpo, Mbomuzo, Egbe-Nkwu, Ntumaka da sauransu. Obowo abin sha'awar yawon bude ido ce yanayin da aka samar da tafkin Abadaba blue, Iyi-Ukwu, Ruwan ruwa na Isi-iyi, Nwa-etee da sauran wuraren shakatawa da yawa a yankin. haka kuma Umuariam Game Reserve Center.
Abdullahi Abubakar Gumel
Abdullahi Gumel ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Makarantar Firamare ta Gumel Gabas Primary School Gumel, Jihar Jigawa (1969-1971), Stenographer a Harkokin Cikin Gida na Jihar Kano, Jihar Kano (1972), Babban Sakatare a Hukumar Kula da Gidan Talabijin ta Najeriya NTA Kano, Jihar (1976-1979), Chief Akawu a Jam’iyyar National Party of Nigeria (NPN) National hedkwatar, Legas (1979-1983) kuma memba a Hukumar Gudanar da Ingancin Najeriya (1980-1983), Hukumar Asiri da Canjin Najeriya (1983) da Kwamitin Wasannin Wasanni na Jihar Kano (1980-1983).
Stella Chinyelu Okoli
Stella Chinyelu Okoli ( MON, OON ), (an haife tane a shekara ta,1944 ), ƴar Nijeriya ce mai harhaɗa magunguna kuma ƴar kasuwa,  Ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na yanzu na kamfanin Emzor Pharmaceutical, wani kamfanin harhaɗa magunguna.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Stella ne a jihar Kano, Arewacin Najeriya cikin dangin Felix Ebelechukwu da Margaret Modebelu, asalin su yan Nnewi ne a jihar Anambara. Ta fara karatunta na firamare a shekara ta( 1954), bayan ta yi karatu a matsayin ɗaliba a makarantar  Saint Primary School, Onitsha kafin ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare a shekara ta( 1964), a Ogidi Girls Secondary School.
A shekara ta (1969), Stella ta kammala karatu a jami'ar Bradford bayan ta karanci kantin magani. Har ila yau, tana da takardar shaidar M.Sc a cikin Biopharmaceutical bayan kammala karatun ta a Jami'ar London, Kwalejin Chelsea a shekara ta ( 1971).
Ayyuka
Kafin kafa kamfanin Emzor Pharmaceutical, Stella tayi aiki a wasu kamfanonin harhaɗa magunguna da suka haɗa da asibitin Middlesex, London, Boots the Chemists Limited da Pharma-Deko.
A watan Janairun a shekara ta( 1977), Stella ta fara Emzor Pharmaceutical da sunan farko "Emzor Chemists Limited" a matsayin karamin shagon sayar da magunguna a Somolu, Jihar Legas. Tun daga nan Emzor Pharmaceutical ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin harhada magunguna a Nijeriya tare da samfuran sama da 50 tun lokacin da aka haɗa ta a cikin shekara ta (1984).
A yanzu haka mamba ce a Taron Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya kuma Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Harkokin Kiwan lafiya na Najeriya, Stella a halin yanzu tana matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Masana'antu ta Najeriya da kuma Kungiyar 'Yan Majalisun Kasuwanci, Masana'antu, Ma'adanai da Aikin Gona ta Najeriya a matsayin Shugabar ƙungiyar. Manufungiyar Masana Magunguna da gungiyar Masana'antu ta Nijeriya.
Kyauta
Bayan mutuwar ɗanta Chike Okoli a shekara ta (2005), Stella ta fara gidauniyar Chike Okoli a shekara ta (2006), a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da aka kafa da nufin yaƙi da talauci da cututtuka ta hanyar wayar da kan mutane game da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Tana kuma gudanar da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Chike Okoli.
Amincewa da sake fahimta
Don girmamawa ga nasarorin da ta samu da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin kiwon lafiya a Najeriya, an bai wa Stella lambar yabo ta Memberungiyar Memberwararriyar Nigerasar Nijar. A shekara ta (2012), an karrama ta a bikin karramawa karo na( 17) na ThisDay Annual Awards. Ita ma mai karɓar kyautar ECOWAS ta Zinare ta Duniya.
Okigwe
Okgwe na daya daga cikin Kananan hukumomin dake a jihar Imo a kudu maso Gabas, Nijeriya.
Juma Mkambi
Sana'a
Mkambi ya fara buga kwallon kafa ne da kungiyar Nyota Africa. Ya koma kulob ɗin Yanga ne a shekarar 1979, inda zai shafe mafi yawan ayyukansa. A karshen shekarun 1980 ya koma kungiyar Yanga ta Pan African FC sannan ya kammala aikinsa a Super Star.
Mkambi ya buga wasanni da dama ga babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tanzaniya, ciki har da wasanni uku na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA, kuma ya buga wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 1980.
Mohd Nasir Ibrahim Fikri
Datuk Mohd Nasir bin Ibrahim Fikri (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1957) ya kasance memba na majalisar dokokin Malaysia. An zabe shi a majalisar dokoki na mazabar Kuala Nerus a Terengganu a shekara ta 2008, a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) a cikin hadin gwiwar Barisan Nasional. An kayar da shi don sake zaben a shekarar 2013 da kuri'u 610. Kujerar ta fadi ga Mohd Khairuddin Aman Razali na Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian (PAS).
Kafin ya shiga siyasar tarayya, Mohd Nasir ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Terengganu kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Zartarwa ta jihar.
Sarakunan Saudi Arabia
Sarkin Saudi Arabia shine shugaban ƙasa kuma shugaban gwamnatin ta Saudi Arabia.Yana aiki ne a matsayin shugaban masarautar Saudiyya — Gidan Saud. Ana kiran Sarki Mai Kula da Masallatai Biyu Tsarkaka ( خادم الحرمين الشريفين ). Taken, yana nufin ikon da Saudiyya ke da shi a masallatan Masjid al Haram da ke Makka da Masjid al-Nabawi a Madina, ya maye gurbin Mai Martaba ( صاحب الجلالة ) a 1986.
Fadar masarautarsu ita ce Fadar Sarki a Riyadh. Tun daga ranar 23 ga Janairun 2015,Sarkin Saudiyya na yanzu shine Sarki Salman.
RFI Hausa
RFI Hausa Gidan rediyo ne, mallakin ƙasar Faransa wadda take yada labaranta a harshen Hausa a duk fadin duniya. Gidan rediyon na daga cikin sashin babban tashar rediyo ne na Rediyo Faransa wanda aka fi sani da turanci da Radio France International (RFI), kuma tanada wasu bangarori na harsunan duniya daban-daban.
Harshen Afrika na farko a kan babban radioyon duniya
Rfi radiyo na farko a ƙasashen Afrika renon Faransa, sun kara fadada shirye shiryensu ga masu sauraro, tare da bunkasa manufofinsu a nahiyar.
Daga ranar litanin 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2007 kai tsaye daga dakin shirya labarunsu da ke da cibiya a Muryar Nijeriya Lagos, Rfi na watsa shirye shiryensu a cikin harshen Hausa na tsawon awowi 2 a kowacce rana.
A kowacce safiya akwai shirye shirye guda biyu Daga karfe 6h TU zuwa 6h 30 TU, wato kafe 7h agogon Nijeriya, Nijer, Kamaru, da Chadi.
Da kuma karfe 7h TU zuwa 7h30 TU, wato karfe 8h zuwa 8h zuwa 8h30 a gogon Najeriya, Nijer, Kamaru da Chadi.
Tare da shirin awa guda a kowanne yammaci, da misalin karfe 4h zuwa 5h TU wato karfe 5h zuwa 6h agogon Najeriya, Nijer Kamaru da Chadi.
Nahiya Afrika dai na kunshe da kimanin mutane Miliyo 80 da ke magana a cikin harshen Hausa, wadanda Rfi keda burin gabatar masu da shirye shiryensu, tare da nuna kwarewarsu wajen bada labaran da suka shafi duniya da kuma na nahiyar Afrika.
Tsibirin Bougainville
Tsibirin Bougainville ( Tok Pisin : Bogenvil ) babban tsibiri ne a Yankin Bougainville cikin Papua New Guinea, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Lardin Bougainville. Wurin shi ne babban yankin Daular Jamus - wacce ke haɗe da arewacin Solomons. Tare da nisan zango-hudu zuwa ɗari biyar da ta raba tsibirin Buka (c.500)  km 2 ) fadin kasar ta takai 9,300   km 2 (3591 kilomita mil). Yawan jama'ar lardin ya kai 234,280 (ƙididdigar shekarar 2011), wanda ya ƙunshi kananan tsibirai kamar Carterets . Dutsen Balbi a kan babban tsibirin a 2,715m shine mafi tsayi. Buka, duk da sirantarsa, ba shi da gada; duk da haka, jiragen ruwa ke kai kawo yau da kullun suna aiki tsakanin manyan maɓuɓɓuka a kowane ɗayan kuma Garin Buka yana da babban filin jirgin sama / filin jirgin sama na arewacin.
Shi ne mafi girma daga Tsibirin Solomon, mafi yawanci, wanda aka mayar da hankali ne kudu da gabas, suna da ' yanci a siyasance kamar tsibirin Solomon Islands ; daga biyu daga cikin wadannan tsibirin Shortland yana da kasa da 9  km arewa ko arewa maso yamma zuwa Bougainville; su bi da bi kusan 30   km yamma da Choiseul, wani yanki wanda, Poroporo, yana fuskantar Bougainville.
RFI Hausa
A sauran sassan duniya kuma za a iya kama mu a kan mita 19 da 41 gajeren zango.
Tsibirin Bougainville
Yawan fita daga Buka shine 175 km  daga New Ireland, tsibiri mai girma na gaba na Papua New Guinea.
Tarihi
An fara kafa Bougainville ne kimanin shekaru 28,000 da suka gabata. Shekaru uku zuwa dubu huɗu da suka wuce, jama'ar Austronesia suka iso, tare da kawo su gida, aladu, karnuka, da kayan aikin na 'yan oho. Tattaunawar Turai ta farko da Bougainville ta kasance ne a cikin 1768, lokacin da Bafaransar Faransa Louis Antoine de Bougainville ta zo da sunan babban tsibirin da kansa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" data-ve-ignore="true">[  <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">Lissafi da ake bukata  ] Jiragen ruwan na Ingila da na Amurka sun ziyarci tsibirin don tanadi, ruwa da katako a ƙarni na 19. Na farko da aka samu shine Roscoe a 1822, na ƙarshe shine Palmetto a 1881.
Masarautar Jamus tayi ikirarin Bougainville a 1899, ta maida shi New Guinea ta Jamus. Kiristocin mishaneri sun isa tsibirin a shekara ta 1902. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" data-ve-ignore="true">[  <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">Lissafi da ake bukata  ] A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Astiraliya ta mamaye da New Guinea ta Jamus, ciki har da Bougainville. Wannan ya zama wani yanki na yankin Australiya na New Guinea a karkashin yarjejeniyar League of Nations mandate a shekarar 1920. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" data-ve-ignore="true">[  <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">Lissafi da ake bukata  ] A cikin 1942, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, Japan ta mamaye tsibirin, amma sojojin haɗin gwiwa sun ƙaddamar da yakin Bougainville don karɓar ikon tsibirin a cikin 1943. Duk da manyan bama-bamai, sojojin Jafananci suna kan tsibirin har zuwa 1945. Bayan yakin, Territory na New Guinea, ciki har da Bougainville, sun dawo cikin ikon Ostiraliya.
A cikin 1949, Territory na New Guinea, ciki har da Bougainville, sun haɗu tare da Papua na Australiya, suna kafa Territory na Papua da New Guinea, Terungiyar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Australiya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" data-ve-ignore="true">[  <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">Lissafi da ake bukata  ] Ran 9 ga Satumba, 1975, majalisar Australiya ta zartar da Dokar 'Yancin Papua New Guinea ta 1975. Dokar ta sanya 16 Satumba 1975 a matsayin ranar samun 'yanci kuma ta dakatar da ragowar ikon mallaka da kuma majalisun dokoki na Australiya sama da yankin. Bougainville ya kasance wani ɓangare na Papua New Guinea mai zaman kanta. Koyaya, a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1975, a wani yunƙurin neman cin gashin kai, Bougainville ya ayyana kansa a matsayin Republic of the North Solomons. Jamhuriyyar ta gaza samun karbuwa a duk duniya, kuma an cimma matsaya a watan Agusta 1976. Daga nan sai Bougainville ya tsinci kansa cikin siyasa zuwa Papua New Guinea tare da kara karfin mulkin kai. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" data-ve-ignore="true">[  <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">Lissafi da ake bukata  ] Tsakanin 1988 da 1998, yakin basasa na Bougainville ya yi asarar rayuka sama da 15,000. Tattaunawar zaman lafiya da New Zealand ta fara ne a 1997 kuma ya haifar da mulkin kai. Wata kungiya da ke sa ido kan zaman lafiya (PMG) karkashin jagorancin Ostareliya aka tura ta. A shekara ta 2001, an rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ciki har da alkawarin raba gardama kan 'yancin kai daga Papua New Guinea. An gudanar da wannan kuri’ar ne tsakanin 23 ga Nuwamba zuwa 7 ga Disamba 2019, tare da bayyana sakamakon a ranar 11 ga Disamba. Tambayar raba gardama wani zaɓi ne tsakanin manyan mulkin mallaka a Papua New Guinea, ko cikakken 'yanci. Daga cikin ingantattun kuri’u, kashi 98.31% na goyon bayan cikakken ‘Yanci. Kuri'ar ba ta dauri; Gwamnatin Papua New Guinea ce ke da ƙarshen magana game da matsayin Bougainville.
Tarihin Waliyi dan Marina
Tarihin Wali Dan Marina unguwar Masanawa da ke cikin birnin katsina unguwa ce mai dimbin tarihi kuma sananniya ce saboda a nan ne manyan Waliyai masu karamomi suka wanzu a karni na goma sha bakwai (17th Century).
Tsibirin Bougainville
Taswira
Bougainville ita ce tsibiri mafi girma a tsibirin Solomon Islands. Yana da wani ɓangare na Solomon Islands dazuzzukan kurmi ecoregion. Bougainville da tsibiri na Buka makwabta ƙasa ce da tazarar mai girman mita 300. Tsibirin yana da yanki mai nisan murabba'in kilomita 9000, kuma akwai abubuwa masu yawa da suka yi aiki, dormant ko volcanoes wanda ya tashi zuwa 2400  m. Bagana (1750   m) a arewacin tsakiyar yankin na Bougainville yana aiki da hankali, yana fitar da hayaki wanda yake bayyane tsawon kilomita da yawa. Girgizar asa tayi akai-akai, amma tana haifar da karamin illa.
Tarihin Waliyi dan Marina
Waliyan su ne Wali Dan-Marina da kuma Wali Dan-Masani. Tarihi ya nuna cewa cikakken sunan wali Dan Marina shi ne Muhammad Ibn al-Sabbagh. Tarihi ya nuna cewa mahaifinsa balarabe ne wanda ya taso daga gabas ya kuma sauka a birnin Katsina da ke arewacin Najeriya a gidan wani malami kuma attajirin arini mai suna Kayaba. Wannan marini an ce shi ne yake yi wa Sarkin Katsina na wancan lokacin Mamuda da iyalinsa rinin tufafinsu.
Tsibirin Bougainville
Ecology
Tsibirin Bougainville yana da farko a dazuzzuka tare da keɓaɓɓen yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Yin hakar jan karfe a tsibirin ta hanyar aikin haƙo ma'adanan ruwa na Rio-Tinto ya haifar da mummunar illa ga yanayin ƙasa da na ƙasa daga lalacewar gandun daji da baƙin ƙarfe da ke lalata gurɓataccen ma'adanai, lamarin da ya haifar da tashe tashen hankulan 'yan tsibirin don kare ƙasa da kuma tsabtace muhalli. Kwanan nan, gandun daji don ciyar da yawan mutanen da ke ƙaruwa ya shafi kwararar koguna da yawa a tsibirin. Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ba da damar sauƙaƙe tsabtace ma'adanin na Rio Tinto mallakar Panguna da kuma bincika sake buɗe ma'adinan tare da tsauraran matakan muhalli.
Tattalin arziki
Bougainville yana da mafi girman adon jan ƙarfe na duniya, wanda ke gudana tun daga 1972, amma aka rufe shi a cikin wani sanannen juyin juya halin ga bukatun ma'adinai na ƙasashen waje. Sakamakon wata rundunar Papua New Guinean ta 7 ta rufe tsibirin a yayin juyin juya halin Kwakwa, an yanke tsibirin daga duniyar waje. Wannan matsin lambar ya tilasta wa mazauna tsibirin su samar da tsare-tsare na kai da kansu daga wasu wuraren da aka kubutar da albarkatun gona, gami da samar da wutar lantarki a kauyen, kayan kwakwa na rayuwa, gonakin lambun daji, da kuma maganin gargajiya na gargajiya. Wadannan sabbin dabaru sune suka zama masu maida hankali wajen shirya finafinai mai taken The Revolution Revolution.
Buraq
link=dftkb://xs.wikipedia.org/wiki/dike:tyxah_gcuipeuoe_from_Moneanxu_zoslimwinqs.deg|khnme|gkni zanen Mindanaoan Muslim Buraq. Siffar ta hada da asalin okir motif. Burāq (Larabci: الْبُرَاق al-Burāq ko /ælˈbʊrɑːk/ "walƙiya" ko kuma gabaɗaya "mai haske") wata halitta ce a cikin al'adar Musulunci da aka ce safarar wasu annabawa ce. Muhimman labaran hadisi game da Isra'i da Mi'iraji sun ba da labarin cewa Buraq ya ɗauko Annabin Musulunci Muhammad daga Makka zuwa Kudus da sama da dawowa da dare.
Tarihin Waliyi dan Marina
Ana nan sai wata rana mahaifin wali Dan-marina ya ga ‘yar Sarki Mamudu wadda ake kira da Baraka, ya ji kuma ta kwanta masa. A haka ne ya nemi aurenta, sai aka aura masa ita a kan sadaki zinare shida, suka kuma tare a gidan kayaba.
Tsibirin Bougainville
Addini
Mafi yawan mutane a Bougainville mabiya addinin kirista ne, an kiyasta cewa kashi 70 cikin dari na zama dan darikar Roman Katolika da kuma masu karamin karfi na Cocin United na Papua New Guinea tun daga 1968. Kusan ba 'yan ƙasa ba ne kamar yadda yawancin waɗanda aka kora sakamakon yaƙin basasa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" data-ve-ignore="true">[  <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">Lissafi da ake bukata  ]
Harsuna
Akwai yare da yawa na asalin halitta a cikin lardin Bougainville, mallakin iyalai uku ne. Harshen arewacin ƙarshen tsibirin, kuma wasu sun watse ko'ina cikin bakin tekun, mallakar dangin Austronesian ne. Harshen arewaci da tsakiya na Kudancin Bougainville Island suna cikin iyalan Arewa da Kudu Bougainville. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;" data-ve-ignore="true">[  <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">Lissafi da ake bukata  ] Mafi yawan yaren mutanen Austronesia shine Halia da yarenninta, ana magana a tsibirin Buka da yankin Selau na Arewacin Bougainville. Sauran yaruka na Austronesian sun hada da Nehan, Petats, Solos, Saposa (Taiof), Hahon da Tinputz, dukkaninsu anyi magana ne a arewacin kwata Bougainville, Buka da tsibiran da ke kewaye. Waɗannan yarukan suna da alaƙa da juna. Bannoni da Torau yare ne na Austreliya waɗanda ba sa da dangantaka da tsohon, waɗanda ake magana da su a yankunan gabar teku na tsakiya da kudu Bougainville. A Takuu Atoll na kusa ana yin yaren Polynesian, Takuu.
Buraq
Etymology
Encyclopaedia of Islam, yana nufin rubuce-rubucen Al-Damiri (d.1405), yana ɗaukar Buraq a matsayin asalin da kuma adabin Larabci: برق barq "walƙiya / walƙiya" ko ma'anoni daban-daban na ma'ana daga kalmar: "da katako, walƙiya, haske, haske, haske. A cewar Encyclopædia Iranica, "Boraq" nau'in Arabized ne na "Farisa ta Tsakiya *barāg ko *bārag, 'dabbar hawa, hawa' (Sabuwar Farisa bāra)".
Tafiya zuwa Sama ta Bakwai
Bisa al'adar Musulunci, Tafiyar Dare ta faru ne shekaru goma bayan Muhammadu ya bayyana annabcinsa, a cikin karni na 7. Muhammadu ya kasance a Makka, a gidan kaninsa (gidan Fakhitah bint Abi Talib), lokacin da ya tafi al-Masjid al-Haram (Masallacin Al-Haram). Yayin da yake hutawa a dakin Ka'aba, Jibrilu ya bayyana gare shi yana kawo Buraq, wanda ya dauki Muhammad a cikin tawagar shugaban mala'iku, zuwa al-Masjid al-Aqsaʼ,[Quran 17:1] wanda aka saba da shi a Urushalima.
Tsibirin Bougainville
Hakkin dan Adam
An yanke shi daga waje na shekaru da yawa ta hanyar shingen Papua New Guinean a yayin juyin juya halin kwakwa, 'yan tsibirin sun sha fama da asarar rayuka da yawa daga rashin kayan aikin likita.
Wani bincike da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gudanar a shekara ta 2013 ya nuna maza 843 sun gano cewa 62% (530 wadanda suka amsa) daga cikin wadanda suka yi wa wata yarinya fyade a kalla sau daya ne, tare da kashi 41% (217 wadanda suka amsa) daga mazajen sun bayar da rahoton sun yi fyade da wanda ba abokin tarayya ba, yayin da 14% ( Masu amsa laifuka 74) sun ba da rahoton aikata fyade. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 8% (67 waɗanda suka ba da amsa) na mazan sun yi wa wasu maza ko maza fyaɗe.
Mashahuran al'ada
Juyin Juya Halin Kabilan, wanda ya kasance rubuce-rubuce game da gwagwarmayar yawan 'yan asalin ƙasa don ceton tsibirin su daga lalata muhalli da samun independenceancin kai, an yi a 1999.
Tsibiri na Evergreen (2000), fim ɗin da masu shirya finafinan Australiya Amanda King da Fabio Cavadini na Filin Frontyard suka nuna ƙima wanda mutanen Bougainvillean suka rayu kusan kusan shekaru goma (1989-1997) ba tare da kasuwanci ko tuntuɓar duniya ta waje ba, saboda na takaddama ta kasuwanci.
Buraq
Ibrahim
Ibn Ishaq ya ce, Buraq ya yi jigilar Ibrahim ne a lokacin da ya ziyarci Hajara da Isma’il. Hadisi ya nuna cewa Ibrahim ya zauna tare da Saratu a Kan'ana amma Buraq sukan kai shi Makka da safe don su ga iyalansa a can su mayar da shi da yamma.
Hadisi
Duk da cewa Hadisin bai fito karara ya yi nuni da Buraq a matsayin fuskar mutum ba, kusan ko da yaushe fasahar Gabas da Farisa tana nuna hakan - hoton da ya sami hanyar shiga fasahar Musulunci ta Indiya da Farisa. Wataƙila wannan ya samo asali ne daga fassarar halittar da aka siffanta da "kyakkyawan fuska" a matsayin fuskar mutum maimakon dabba.
Tsibirin Bougainville
Mashahuran al'ada
Mr. Pip (2012) fim ne wanda daraktan New Zealand Andrew Adamson fim ya dogara da littafin Mister Pip wanda Lloyd Jones ya wallafa.
Buraq
Hadisi
An karbo daga fassarar Sahihul Bukhari yana siffanta Buraq cewa:
Tsibirin Bougainville
Sanarwar 'yancin kai
A ƙarshen Nuwamba shekarar 2019 an gudanar da ƙuri'ar raba gardama mara ƙuri'a don yanke hukunci kan ko Bougainville yakamata ta kasance ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta daga Papua New Guinea. Sakamakon ya nuna matukar goyon baya ga ikon mallakar tsibirin, inda kashi 98% na kuri'un da ke goyon bayan ballewa.
Karin karatu
Coordinates: 6°14′40″S 155°23′02″E﻿ / ﻿6.24444°S 155.38389°E﻿ / -6.24444; 155.38389
Buraq
Hadisi
"Sai aka kawo mini wata farar dabba wacce ta fi alfadara girma, wacce ta fi jaki girma ... Takun dabbar (yana da fadi har ya kai ga nesa da dabbar ta iya gani)."
- Muhammad al-Bukhari
Wani guntu kuma ya yi bayanin Buraq dalla-dalla:
"Sai Jibrilu ya kawo Buraq mai kyakykyawan fuska da garu, wata dabba doguwa fari ce wacce ta fi jaki girma amma ta fi alfadara karama. Yana iya sanya kofatonsa a iyakar kallonsa. Yana da dogayen kunnuwa. A duk lokacin da ya fuskanci dutse sai kafafun bayansa su kara tsayi, kuma duk lokacin da ya gangara kasa kafafunsa na gaba su kan shimfida. Yana da fukafukai biyu a cinyoyinsa waɗanda suka ba da ƙarfi ga ƙafafunsa.
Ya buge lokacin da Muhammad ya zo ya hau shi. Sai Mala'ika Jibrilu ya dora hannunsa akan ma'aikinsa ya ce: "Shin ba ka jin kunya ya Buraq? Wallahi babu wanda ya hauka a cikin dukkan halitta fiye da shi." Jin haka sai ya ji kunya sai zufa take yi har sai da ya jike, ya tsaya cak har Annabi ya hau shi."
A cikin bayanin da suka gabata babu yarjejeniya dangane da jinsin Buraq. Yawanci namiji ne, duk da haka Ibn Sa'd yana da Jibrilu yana magana da halitta a matsayin mace, kuma masu zane-zane da kan mace sukan yi shi sau da yawa. An kuma lura da ra'ayin cewa "al-Buraq" kawai mareyin allahntaka ne a cikin littafin The Dome of the Rock, a cikin babin "Kotun Bude", da kuma a cikin taken shafi na Georg Ebers's Palestine in Picture and Word.
Bangon yamma
Malamai da marubuta daban-daban, irin su ibn al-Faqih, ibn Abd Rabbih, da Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi, sun ba da shawarar wuraren da aka ce an haxe Buraq a cikin tatsuniyoyi, galibi wurare a kusa da kusurwar kudu maso yammacin Harami. Koyaya, tsawon ƙarni da yawa wurin da aka fi so shine Masallacin al-Buraq, kusa da bango a ƙarshen ƙarshen bangon Yammacin Plaza. Masallacin yana zaune a saman wata tsohuwar hanyar wucewa wacce ta taɓa fitowa ta Ƙofar Barclay da aka daɗe da rufewa wanda katon lintel ɗinsa ya kasance a bayyane a ƙasan ƙofar Maghrebi. Saboda kusancin katangar Yamma, yankin da ke kusa da bango yana da alaƙa da Buraq aƙalla tun a ƙarni na 19.
Lokacin da wani Bayahude dan Burtaniya ya nemi izinin mahukuntan Masar a shekara ta 1840 don sake shimfida kasa a gaban katangar Yamma, gwamnan Syria ya rubuta:
"Ya tabbata daga kwafin bayanin shawarwarin majalisar tuntuba a birnin Kudus cewa wurin da yahudawan suka nemi izinin shimfida katangar Haramin Shariff da kuma wurin da aka daure Buraq din, kuma a hada da shi. a cikin littafin ladabtarwa na Abu Madyan, Allah ya jikansa da rahama; cewa Yahudawa ba su taɓa yin gyare-gyare a wurin ba a da. ... Don haka dole ne a ba Yahudawa damar shimfida wurin."
KURMIN GAFI
Kurmin gafi dai kauye ne da yake a karamar hukumar malumfashi wace take a jihar katsina
Buraq
Bangon yamma
Carl Sandreczki, wanda ake tuhuma da hada jerin sunayen wurin Charles William Wilson's Ordnance Survey na Urushalima a 1865, ya ruwaito cewa titin da ke kaiwa ga bangon Yamma, gami da bangaren bangon, mallakar Hosh (kotu / katanga) na al Burâk, "ba Obrak ba, kuma ba Obrat". A cikin 1866, Consul na Prussian kuma masanin Gabas Georg Rosen ya rubuta cewa: “Larabawa suna kiran Obrak tsayin bangon duka a wurin makoki na Yahudawa, kudu har zuwa gidan Abu Su’ud da arewa har zuwa tsarin Mechkemeh. Obrâk ba, kamar yadda aka yi iƙirari a da, lalata kalmar Ibri (Ibraniyawa) ba ne, amma kawai lafazin sabon larabci na Borâk, ... wanda, yayin da (Muhammad) yake addu'a a dutse mai tsarki. , an ce shi ne ya hada shi a cikin bangon da aka ambata a sama."
Sunan Hosh al Buraq ya bayyana a taswirorin binciken Wilson na 1865, bugu na 1876 da 1900, da sauran taswirori a farkon karni na 20. A cikin 1922, Majalisar Pro-Jerusalem na hukuma ta ayyana shi azaman sunan titi. Haɗin kai yankin katangar Yamma da Buraq ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tashe-tashen hankula kan wurare masu tsarki tun lokacin da Birtaniyya ta ba da izini.
Ga Musulmi, Katangar Makoki (ko Katangar Yamma) ana kiranta da "Ḥā'iṭu 'l-Burāq" (Larabci: حَائِطُ ٱلْبُرَاق) - "Bangaren Buraq", don a gefe guda (bangaren musulmi na bangon kuka a kan. Dutsen Haikali) shi ne inda Muhammadu ya daura Buraq, dabbar da ya hau da ita a cikin daren Lailatul kadari (Larabci: Mi'rāj - مِعْرَاج). Katangar ta hade da tsarin Masallacin Al-Buraq.
Bauchi (jiha)
Jihar Bauchi jiha ce da ke Arewa maso gabashin ƙasar Najeriya.Ta hada iyaka daga arewa da Kano da Jigawa, jihar Taraba da Plateau daga kudu, Gombe da Yobe daga Gabas, sai kuma Kaduna daga Yamma. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihin masarautar Bauchi, wacce itace babban birnin jihar a yau. An kafa Jihar Bauchi a shekarar alif dari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), a yayin da aka rarraba tsohuwar Jihar Arewa maso Gabacin Najeriya. A baya Jihar Bauchi ta mamaye yankin Jihar Gombe, wacce daga bisani ta zamo jiha mai zaman kanta a shekara ta 1996.
Bauchi itace jiha ta biyar a fadin kasar, kuma ta bakwai a yawan jama'a. Ta na da yawan fili kimanin kilomita dubu ar,ba’in da tara da dari dagoma shatara (49,119) da yawan Jama’a miliyan shida da dubu dari biyar da dubu talatin (6,530,000) a bisa kidayar shekara ta dubu biyu da sha shida 2016. Jihar ta rabu dangane da yanayin kasa zuwa kashi biyu (2), West Sudanian savanna daga kudu da kuma semi-desert sahel Savanna daga arewa, da kuma montane Jos Plateau daga kudu maso yammacin Jihar. Daga cikin kayatattun wurare a garin sun hada da, Yankari National Park, wani katafaren wajen ajiye dabbobi ne dake kudancin jihar Bauchi inda akwai dabbobi kaman bijimai, birrai, barewa, zakuna, giwaye da dai sauransu.
Bauchi ne babban birnin jihar Bauchi. Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed shi ne Gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2019 har zuwa yau. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Isa Yuguda, Isah Hamma Misau, Nazif Gamawa, Haruna Ningi da Ali Wakili.
Akwai yaruka da dama a yankuna daban daban na Jihar wadanda suka hada da:  Yaren Bolewa, Butawa, da Yaren Warji daga yankunan tsakiyar jihar; Yaren Fulfulde, Yaren Kanuri, da Yaren Karai-Karai daga arewacin garin;  Fulani da Yaren Gerawa acikin birnin Bauchi da kewayen ta; Yaren Zaar (Sayawa) daga kudu; Yaren Tangale daga kudu maso gabas; da kuma Jarawa daga kudu maso yamma. Mafi akasarin mutanen gari (kaso tamanin da biyar 85%) musulmai ne, da karamin kaso kiristoci da kaso shida 6% da maguzawa da kaso tara 9%.
A farkon shekarun alif dubu da dari takwas 1800s, Fulani Jihadi sun kwace mafi akasarin garin birnin Bauchi na yau, sannan suka kafa Masarautar Bauchi a karkashin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto. A karni na dubu daya da shatara 1900 ne Turawan mulkin mallaka suka mamaye Masarautar kuma suka hade ta a cikin Yankin Mulkin Mallaka na Arewacin Najeriya wacce daga bisani ta zamo Najeriya karkashin mulkin Turawa, kafin samun 'yanci a shekarar alif dari Tara da sittin 1960. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Bauchi a yau tana cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci har zuwa shekarar alif ta 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma jihar ta fada karkashin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan rarraba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas, an kafa Jihar Bauchi a ranar uku 3 ga watan Februrun shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da shida 1976 tare da sauran jihohi goma. Shekaru ashirin (20) kuma bayan kafata, an hade wasu kananan hukumomi daga yammacin Jihar inda suka samar da Jihar Gombe.
A matsayinta na jihar da ta dogara da noma, tattalin arzkin Jihar sun ta'allaka ne akan dabbobi da hatsi, kamansu auduga, gyaɗa, dawa, tumatiri da kuma doya tare da cigaba a fannin noman rani na kara habaka samar da abinci tun zamanta jiha. Sannan akwai masana'antu na sarrafa abinci da masana'antun sarrafa kayan abinci na gwan-gwani, da kuma hako ma'adanai kamar tin da columbite, da kuma wuraren bude idanu kamar Dajin shakatawa na Yankari da koramunta na Wikki Springs.
Asalin Suna
Dangane da tarihi na gargajiya, garin ya samo asali ne daga wani mafarauci mai suna Baushe, wanda ya zauna a yankin kafin zuwan jagoran masarutar na farko wato Yakubu (wacce aka samar a tsakanin alif ta 1800–10). Jihohin Bauchi da Adamawa sun kasance kasashen 'yanci da kasuwanci ga mutanen Daular Fulani na Sokoto.
Tarihi
Jihar Bauchi ta sama cigaba iri-iri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Akwai harshen Ajawa da akayi amfani dashi a jihar Bauchi, amma daga bisani ya bace a tsakanin shekarun 1920 da shekara ta 1940 inda asalin masu amfani da harshe suka sauya zuwa Hausa.
A lokacin mulkin Turawa har zuwa samun 'yanci, tana cikin yankin Plateau da Yankin Arewacin Najeriya, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka samar da jihohi, yayin da yankunan Bauchi, Borno, da Adamawa suka hade wajen samar da Jihar Arewa ta Gabas.
Bayan samar da Jihar Bauchi a shekara ta 1976, a lokacin Jihohi biyu Bauchi da Gombe na hade, jihar nada kananan hukumomi 16. Daga bisani an kara yawan kananan hukumomin zuwa 20 sannan daga bisani 23. Haka zalika, a shekara ta 1997, an samar da Jihar Gombe, daga Jihar Bauchi inda aka samu karin kananan hukumomi a kasar, inda aka bar Jihar Bauchi da kananan hukumomi 20 kamar yadda aka zayyano a kasa:
Kananan Hukumomi
Jihar Bauchi nada adadin Kananan hukumomi ashirin (20). Sune:
Garuruwa
Kirfi Ta kasance Garine cikin Birnin Bauchi wanda keda aƙalla faɗin aƙalla 700 meters kewaye da gefenta ne rafin Gongola wanda ke isar da ruwa zuwa cikin garin. Wanda ya haɗe da babban kogin Benue. Gari ne mai tarin albarkoki, a ɓangaren Noma da Kiwo. A al’adance ta kasance tana maraba ne kaɗai da mutanen da ake kira Kirfawa kuma ta faɗa ƙarƙashin gundumar Hausawa. Bincike akan garin Kirfi ya nuna cewa amsoshin da suka ƙunshi al’ada, da Addini da harkan Siyasa a ƙasar Hausa ana iya samun sa a garin Kirfi ta garin Bauchi.
Labarin kasa
Jihar tana da iyaka da jihohi bakwai, Kano da Jigawa daga arewa, Taraba da Plateau daga Kudu, Gombe da Yobe daga Gabas sai kuma Kaduna daga Yamma.
Jihar Bauchi na daga cikin jihohin arewan Najeriya dake da yanayin tsirrai iri biyu, Sudan savannah da kuma Sahel savannah. Haka zalika akwai tsaunuka a kudancin yankin garin, dangane da alakarta da tsaunukan Jos Plateau.
Adadin jama'a
Akwai yaruka daban daban har guda 55 a garin wanda suka hada da:  Hausa, Gerawa, Sayawa, Jarawa, Kirfawa, Turawa Bolewa, Karekare, Kanuri, Fa'awa, Butawa, Warjawa, Zulawa, Boyawa, Badawa. Amma Hausawa ne asalin yaren garin. Hakan na nufin cewa suna da nasu asalin, al'adu, addinai da makamantansu.
Akwai kamaiceceniya tsakanin harsunan garin, dangane da ayyuka, al'adu, sutura, da kuma cudanya a tsakaninsu musamman ta hanyar auratanya da kasuwanci. Wasu daga cikin harsunan na da ba'a a tsakaninsu. da Sayawa da dai sauransu.
Bikin hawan sallah na daya daga cikin muhimman bukukuwa da ke jawo 'yan kallo a duk shekara.
Ilimi
Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na nan acikin babban birnin Bauchi. Wasu daga cikin wuraren koyarwa sun hada da; Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Federal Polytechnic, Bauch i. , Aminu saleh college of Education Azare
Yaruka
Yarukan Bauchi a jere da kananan hukumominsu. Sauran harsunan Bauchi sun hada da: Ajawa, Beele, Berom, Kanuri, Kwaami, Manga, Pero, da kuma Piya-Kwonci.
Gwamna
Gwamna Bauchi shine Mr. Bala AbdulKadir Mohammed, wanda ya lashe zabe a ranar 9 ga watan March,shekara ta 2019 a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP. An rantsar dashi a ranar May 29, ga watan shekara ta 2019, wanda hakan tasa ya zamo gwamna na shida a Bauchi a karkashin mulkin dimukradiyya sannan kuma gwamna na 16 gaba daya. Baba Tela ne mataimakin gwamnan Bauchi.
Kiwon Lafiya
Jihar Bauchi na da tarin asibitoci daman hukumomin kiwon lafiya, wannnan sun hada da:
Onuimo
Onuimo na daya daga cikin Kananan hukumomin dake a jihar Imo a kudu maso Gabas, Nijeriya.
Seun Abiola
Seun Abiola dan kasuwa ne da aka haifa ta ne a kasar Nigeria. itace ta kafa kuma Shugabar Kamfanin Juice na Wilson, babban kamfanin samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Theodore Samuel Adams
Sir Theodore Samuel Adams (1885-1961) ma'aikacin farar hula ne na Burtaniya.
Karatu da Aiki
Adams ya kammala karatu daga All Souls College, Jami'ar Oxford, kuma ya shiga aikin farar hula na Burtaniya na mulkin mallaka.
A matsayinsa na farko ya kasance a matsayin ɗan takara a cikin Tarayyar Malay Jihohin a cikin shekara ta 1908. Sannan ya samu ƙarin muƙamai a Malaya kafin ya zama babban kwamishinan Lardunan Arewacin Nijeriya daga 1937.
Adams ya taka rawa a rikicin magaji na Selangor.
Fahd na Saudi Arabia
Sarki Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, mai kula da Masallatai Masu Tsarki Guda Biyu, (1921 - 1 ga Agusta, 2005) shi ne Sarkin Masarautar Saudiyya. Ya kuma kasance shugaban gidan Saud da Firayim Minista. Ɗaya daga cikin ‘ya’yansa shi ne Abdul Aziz bin Fahd.
Bashar Resan
Bashar Resan Bonyan ( بشار رسن بنيان  ; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1996) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Iraki da wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na Qatar SC da ƙungiyar ƙasar Iraki.
Shekarun farko
Bashar ɗa ne ga tsohon Iraqin kuma Sikak Al-Hadeed ɗan wasan 70s, Resan Bonyan. Ya fara wasa a kan titin Falasdinu a cikin babban birnin Iraki don kungiyar karamar kungiyar 14 Tammuz kuma ya sami damar zama dalibi a makarantar Kwallon kafa ta Ammo daga shekara 12 kuma ya yi shekaru biyu a makarantar kafin ya shiga Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya a cikin shekara ta 13. Ya fara buga wa kungiyar Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Junior wasa kuma cikin watanni tara kawai ya tsinci kansa a kungiyar farko.
Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya
Rasan ya fara wasansa a kulob din Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, inda ya fara wasan farko a gasar shekara ta 2011. A lokacin shekara ta 2010–2011 an tsince shi daga karamar kungiyar Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya inda a lokacin yana da shekaru 14 yana wasa da yara maza da suka girmi kansa don horarwa tare da ƙungiyar farko bayan da mai koyar da ƙungiyar Thair Ahmed ya ganshi a cikin wasa. ya kasance memba na farko tun lokacin. Winger ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru a tarihi a shekaru 83 da suka gabata kuma ya ci gaba da sanya hannu kan wani babban kwantaragi da kulob din. Ya zira kwallon farko na wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin FA na shekara ta 2016 wanda kungiyar sa tayi nasara.
Farfanis
A ranar 3 ga Satan Yuli shekara ta 2017, Resan ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da Persian Gulf Pro League Champions Persepolis. Ya shiga kungiyar ne bayan kammala wasannin Iraqi na yau da kullun, wanda ya lashe tare da Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya. Ya fara wasan farko a gasar a rashin nasara 1-0 zuwa Paykan a ranar 17 ga Satumba. Ya buga 'yan mintoci kaɗan a farkon kakarsa. Resan ya yi tasiri a kakarsa ta biyu a kulob din kuma ya fi wasa a can. Ya zura kwallon sa ta farko a ragar Saipa. An tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa karshen kakar shekara ta 2020 - 21. A ranar 20 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2020, ya bar kulob din bisa yardar juna,  don komawa kulob din Qatar SC.
Qatar SC
A ranar 31 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2020, Qatar SC ta ba da sanarwar sanya hannu kan Resan bayan nasarorin da suka samu tare da Persepolis.
Ayyukan duniya
A ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2014, Resan ya fara buga wa kasarshi wasan farko da Peru a wasan sada zumunci wanda aka tashi 0-2 don Peru. Ya tafi zai fara buga wa duniya tamaula a kasar Iraki yana da shekara 17 kawai, watanni 8 da kwanaki 13 bayan da ya fara shahara a gasar Iraqi a shekara ta 2010 yana da shekara 14. Bayan samun cancantar shiga gasar Olympics, dan wasan ya ba da lambar yabo ta cin nasarar AFC U-23 ga wata uwa wacce danta yana daya daga cikin sojojin Iraki 1,700 da suka yi shahada a kisan Speicher a shekara ta 2014.
Orlu (Nijeriya)
Orlu na daya daga cikin Kananan hukumomin dake a jihar Imo a kudu maso Gabas, Nijeriya.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows, wanda aka fi sani da Windows, rukuni ne na iyalai masu tsarin sarrafa hoto, wadanda duk Microsoft ke haɓaka kuma suna tallata su. Kowane iyali suna biyan takamaiman sashin masana'antar sarrafa kwamfuta. Iyalan Microsoft Windows masu aiki sun haɗa da Windows NT da Windows IoT; waɗannan na iya haɗawa da ƙananan iyalai, (misali Window's Server ko Windows Embedded Compact) (Windows CE). Iyalan Microsoft Windows da suka lalace sun haɗa da Windows 9x, Windows Mobile, da Windows Phone.
Microsoft ya gabatar da yanayin aiki mai suna Windows a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif 1985, a matsayin harsashin tsarin aiki na hoto don MS-DOS a matsayin martani ga karuwar sha’awar abubuwan da ke amfani da masu zane (GUIs). Microsoft Windows ya mamaye kasuwar komputa ta duniya tare da sama da kashi 90% na kasuwar, ya wuce Mac OS, wanda aka gabatar dashi a shekarar alif 1984, yayin da Microsoft a shekarar 2020, ya rasa ikonsa na kasuwar tsarin sarrafa kayan masarufi, tare da Windows har zuwa 30%, ƙasa da kashi 31% na wayoyin hannu na Apple kawai (65% na tsarin aiki na tebur kawai, watau "PCs" da Apple na kashi 28% na tebur) a cikin kasuwannin gidansa, Amurka, da 32% a duniya (77% na tebur. ), inda Android ta Google ke kaiwa.
Apple ya zo ya ga Windows a matsayin zalunci mara kyau game da ƙirƙirar su a cikin ci gaban GUI kamar yadda aka aiwatar akan samfuran irin su Lisa da Macintosh (daga ƙarshe suka yanke hukunci a gaban kotu cikin yardar Microsoft a cikin shekara ta alif 1993). A PC, Windows har yanzu ita ce mafi mashahurin tsarin aiki a duk ƙasashe. Kota yaya madai, a cikin shekara ta 2014, Microsoft ya yarda da rasa yawancin kasuwar tsarin aiki ga Android, saboda yawan ci gaban da aka samu na tallace-tallace na wayoyin hannu na Android. A cikin 2014, yawan na'urorin Windows da aka sayar bai kai 25% na na na'urorin Android da aka sayar ba. Wannan kwatancen, amma, bazai dace da komai ba, kamar yadda tsarin aiki biyu ke amfani da dandamali daban-daban bisa al'ada. Har yanzu, lambobi don amfani da sabar Windows (waɗanda suke daidai da masu fafatawa) suna nuna kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kasuwa, kwatankwacin wannan don amfanin mai amfani.
Ya zuwa watan Oktoba,shekarar 2020, sabon fitowar Windows na PC, kwamfutar hannu da na'urorin da aka saka sune Windows 10, sigar 20H2. Sabbin sabo na kwamfutocin uwar garken shine Windows Server, iri na 20H2. Wani nau'in Windows na musamman kuma yana gudana akan Xbox One da Xbox Series X / S wasan bidiyo bidiyo.
Nasaba
Ta Hanyar Tallatawa
Microsoft, mai haɓaka Windows, ya yi rajistar alamun kasuwanci da yawa, kowane ɗayansu yana nuna dangi na tsarin aiki na Windows wanda ke niyya ga wani yanki na masana'antar sarrafa kwamfuta. Ya zuwa na 2014, ana haɓaka ci gaban dangin Windows masu zuwa:
Tarihin Siga
Kalmar Windows gabaɗaya tana bayyana kowane ɗayan ɗayan juyani na samfuran tsarin aikin Microsoft. Wadannan samfuran an rarraba su gaba daya kamar haka:
Sigogin farko
Tarihin Windows ya faro ne daga shekarar 1981 lokacin da kamfanin Microsoft ya fara aiki a wani shiri da ake kira "Interface Manager". An sanar da shi a watan Nuwamba 1983 (bayan Apple Lisa, amma kafin Macintosh) da sunan "Windows", amma Windows 1.0 ba a sake ta ba har sai Nuwamba Nuwamba 1985. Windows 1.0 ya kasance yana gogayya da tsarin aikin Apple, amma ya sami ɗan farin jini. Windows 1.0 ba cikakken tsarin aiki bane; maimakon haka, ya faɗaɗa MS-DOS. Bawo na Windows 1.0 shiri ne da aka sani da MS-DOS Executive. Bangarorin sun hada da Kalkaleta, Kalanda, Katin waya, Mai Kallon allo, agogo, Kwamitin Kulawa, Kundin rubutu, Fenti, Reversi, Terminal da Rubuta Windows 1.0 baya bada izinin windows iri-iri. Madadin haka duk tagogin an faranta su. Kawai akwatunan tattaunawa na zamani zasu iya bayyana akan wasu windows. Microsoft an siyar dashi azaman ɗakunan karatu na Ci gaban Windows tare da yanayin haɓaka C, waɗanda suka haɗa da samfuran windows da yawa.
Windows 2.0 an fito da shi ne a watan Disamba na 1987, kuma ya shahara fiye da wanda ya gabace shi. Yana nuna abubuwa da yawa da haɓakawa ga mai amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Windows 2.03 ya canza OS daga windows windows zuwa windows windows masu juye. Sakamakon wannan canjin ya haifar da Apple Computer ya shigar da kara a kan Microsoft yana zargin keta hakkin mallaka na Apple. Windows 2.0 kuma ya gabatar da gajerun hanyoyin maɓallin keɓaɓɓu na zamani kuma yana iya yin amfani da faɗaɗa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Windows 2.1 an sake shi a siga iri biyu: Windows / 286 da Windows / 386. Windows / 386 yana amfani da yanayin 8086 na Intel 80386 na kamala don yawaitar shirye-shiryen DOS da yawa da samfurin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwa don kwaikwayon faɗaɗa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta amfani da wadataccen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Windows / 286, duk da sunansa, yana gudana ne akan masu sarrafa Intel 8086 da Intel 80286. Yana gudana a cikin yanayi na ainihi amma yana iya amfani da yankin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai girma.
Siffofin farko na Windows galibi ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin bawo ne na hoto, galibi saboda sun yi aiki a saman MS-DOS kuma suna amfani da shi don sabis ɗin tsarin fayil. Koyaya, har ma da farkon juzu'in Windows tuni sun ɗauki yawancin ayyukan tsarin aiki na yau da kullun; musamman, samun tsarin fayil dinsu wanda za'a iya aiwatar dasu da kuma samar da nasu direbobin na'urar (mai ƙidayar lokaci, zane-zane, firintar, linzamin kwamfuta, madannin rubutu da sauti). Ba kamar MS-DOS ba, Windows ta ba masu amfani damar aiwatar da aikace-aikacen zane da yawa a lokaci guda, ta hanyar haɗa kai da yawa. Windows ta aiwatar da cikakken bayani, yanki-bangare, makircin ƙwaƙwalwar kama-da-gidanka na software, wanda ke ba shi damar gudanar da aikace-aikacen da suka fi girma fiye da ƙwaƙwalwar da ake da su: sassan ɓangarori da albarkatu ana musanya su kuma a jefar da su lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar ta yi karanci; sassan bayanai sun shiga cikin ƙwaƙwalwa lokacin da aikace-aikacen da aka ba su suka daina sarrafa sarrafawa.
Windows 3.x
Sawarawa
Sawarawa Qauye ne a cikin qaramar hukumar kaita
Microsoft Windows
Tarihin Siga
Windows 3.1, wanda aka samar dashi gaba ɗaya a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1992, ya nuna fasalin fuska. A watan Agusta na 1993, Windows don Workgroups, sigar ta musamman tare da haɗin hanyoyin sadarwar aboki-da-tsara da lambar sigar 3.11, aka fitar. An sayar tare da Windows 3.1. Goyon bayan Windows 3.1 ya ƙare a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2001.
Windows 9x
Saki na gaba mai mahimmanci na Windows, Windows 95, an sake shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1995. Yayin da yake saura da tushen MS-DOS, Windows 95 ya gabatar da tallafi don aikace-aikacen 32-bit na asali, toshe da kunna kayan aiki, kayan aiki da yawa, dogon lokaci sunayen fayiloli har zuwa haruffa 255, kuma ya samar da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali akan magabata. Windows 95 kuma ta gabatar da sake fasali, mai amfani da daidaitaccen mai amfani, yana maye gurbin Manajan Shirye-shiryen da ya gabata tare da menu na Farawa, allon aiki, da harsashin Windows Explorer. Windows 95 babbar nasara ce ta kasuwanci ga Microsoft; Ina Fried na CNET ya ce "a lokacin da aka cire Windows 95 daga kasuwa a 2001, ya zama abin daidaitawa a kan kwamfutocin kwamfutoci a duniya." kowannensu ya yi daidai da fakitin sabis. OSR na farko na Windows 95 shi ne kuma nau’in Windows na farko da aka hada shi da mai binciken gidan yanar sadarwar Microsoft, Internet Explorer. Babban tallafi na Windows 95 ya ƙare a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2000, kuma ya ƙara tallafi ga Windows 95 ya ƙare a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2001.
Windows 95 an bi shi tare da fitowar Windows 98 a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1998, wanda ya gabatar da Windows Driver Model, goyon baya ga kebul hadaddun na'urori, goyon baya ga ACPI, hibernation, da kuma goyon baya ga Multi-saka idanu jeri. Windows 98 ta hada da hadewa da Internet Explorer 4 ta hanyar Desktop mai aiki da sauran bangarorin na Windows Desktop Update (jerin abubuwan habbaka wa shelar Explorer wadanda suma aka samar da su ga Windows 95). A watan Mayu 1999, Microsoft ya fitar da Windows 98 na Biyu na Windows, wanda aka sabunta na Windows 98. Windows 98 SE ya kara Internet Explorer 5.0 da Windows Media Player 6.2 a tsakanin sauran abubuwan haɓakawa. Babban tallafi na Windows 98 ya ƙare a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2002, kuma ya ƙara tallafi ga Windows 98 ya ƙare a ranar 11 ga Yulin, 2006.