cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Filin jirgin saman Nội Bài
Tarihi
An buɗe titin jirgin sama na biyu (1B - 11R/29L) a cikin shekara ta 2006 kuma shekara 1 bayan haka, filin jirgin saman ya karɓi Airbus A380 a karon farko, koda yake ba'a gudanar da ayyukan A380 da aka shirya daga tashar jirgin ba. A shekara ta 2013, ya ga farkon isowar Cargolux Boeing 747-8F. A cikin 2014 filin jirgin ya karɓi sabis na farko da aka tsara tare da sabon ƙarni na jirgin sama na kasuwanci lokacin da All Nippon Airways suka fara amfani da Boeing 787-8 akan sabis tsakanin Tokyo-Haneda kuma daga baya a wannan shekarar tashar jirgin ta sami ziyarar farko ta Airbus A350 XWB. ta Airbus a lokacin Yawon shakatawa na Duniya. A cikin 2015, Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Vietnam ya fara aiki da Airbus A350 XWB don tashin jiragen cikin gida na kasuwanci.
Filin jirgin ya kasance tashar SkyTeam tun tsakiyar 2010, bayan da kamfanin jirgin saman Vietnam ya shiga hanyar sadarwa a waccan shekarar.
Tashoshi da wurare
A hekta 650, Noi Bai shine filin jirgin sama na biyu mafi girma a Vietnam, bayan filin hectare 800 na Tan Son Nhat International Airport. Terminal 1, wanda aka kammala a 2001, yana da babban sashi na jiragen sama na duniya tare da sabon ƙaramin tashar (wanda ake kira Lobby E) don jiragen cikin gida (Domestic Flight), wanda aka kammala a ƙarshen 2013. Tare da haɓakawa, tashar 1 tana da ikon sarrafa fasinjoji miliyan 9 a kowace shekara. Bayan kaddamar da Terminal 2 a watan Janairun 2015, Terminal 1 ana amfani da itane kawai don zirga-zirgar cikin gida. A halin yanzu ana haɓaka tashar don kula da fasinjoji miliyan 15 kowace shekara bayan kammalawa a cikin Maris, 2018.
Ginin sabon tashar (Terminal 2) kusa da wanda ake da shi wanda ke da ikon tsara fasinjoji miliyan 10 a kowace shekara ya fara a watan Maris na 2012. Farashin 996 M dogon sabon tashar jirgin sama, wanda Hukumar Hadin gwiwar Kasa da Kasa ta kasar Japan ta bada rancen ODA wanda masu ba da shawara na tashar jirgin saman Japan suka tsara kuma Kamfanin Taisei ne ya gina shi. Jimlar jarin da aka kashe don aikin ya kai billion 75.5 biliyan (dalar Amurka miliyan 645.35). Taimakon ci gaban da Japan ta bayar a hukumance ya kai Dala billion 59 na Amurka (dala miliyan 504.27) na jarin, yayin da sauran kudaden suka rufe da kudaden gida. An kaddamar da sabuwar tashar ta kasa da kasa a ranar 4 ga Janairun 2015 tare da sabuwar hanyar mota da ta hada tashar jirgin sama zuwa cikin garin Hanoi ta gadar Nhật Tân.
Filin jirgin yana da titin jirgin mai nisan mita 3,800 (CAT II-11R/29L) wanda aka buɗe a watan Agustan 2006, da kuma tsohon titin mai mita 3,200 (CAT I-11L/29R). An rufe tsohuwar hanyar jirgin sama don haɓakawa na tsawon watanni 4 daga watan Agusta zuwa Disamban 2014. Nisa tsakanin hanyoyin jirgin sama guda biyu mita 250 ne kacal, don haka a halin yanzu filin jirgin saman ya taƙaita iyakar fasinja daidai da ƙa'idojin aminci na Ƙungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya.
Kyaututtuka
Bayan kaddamar da sabuwar tashar ta kasa da kasa, filin jirgin saman Noi Bai ya karbi lambar yabo, ta mafi kyawun filin jirgin sama na duniya daga Skytrax.
Aikin ginin sabuwar tashar jirgin kasa ta Noi Bai kuma ya samu lambar yabo ta Shugaban JICA na 2015.
Wucewa
Gabaɗaya mutum na iya yin jigilar ƙasa da ƙasa ta tashar jirgin sama ba tare da biza ba muddin mutum baya buƙatar barin yankin tsaro. Akwai ikon ɗaukar fasfunan jirgi a cikin yankin tsaro ciki har da na wasu ƙananan kamfanonin jiragen sama kamar VietJet.
Jirgin ƙasa
An tsara layin gaba na 6 na Hanoi Metro zuwa filin jirgin sama.
Bafodé Dansoko
Bafodé Dansoko (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Disamba 1995) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga Deinze. An haife shi a Faransa, yana kuma buga wa tawagar kasar Guinea wasa.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
An haifi Dansoko a Saint-Étienne, Faransa ga danginsa 'yan Guinea ne a matsayin ɗayan yara 6. Ya fara buga kwallon kafa tun yana dan shekara 8 tare da makarantar matasa ta Hommelet CS, kafin ya koma bangaren matasa na Wasquehal shekaru 5 bayan haka. Ya fara buga futsal tare da Roubaix Futsal a cikin 2013. Ya shiga Nantes a kan gwaji a 2014, kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararru tare da kulob din wanda ya fara a 2015.
Fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da kulob ɗin Nantes, jim kaɗan bayan ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa Wasquehal da Vaulx-en-Velin. Ya koma Belgium tare da Cibiyar La Louvière akan 30 Yuni 2018. A ranar 9 Yuni 2020, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararru tare da Deinze. Ya yi wasansa na farko na ƙwararru tare da Deinze a cikin 2-0 Belgian First Division B rashin nasara ga Union SG a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 2020.
Ayyukan kasa
An haifi Dansoko a Faransa zuwa wani dangin Guinea. An kira shi don wakiltar tawagar Faransa futsal U21 a cikin 2013. Saboda ƙarfin da ya yi tare da Roubaix Futsal, an kira shi zuwa tawagar futsal ta Faransa a 2014.
Ya yi karo/haɗu da tawagar kasar Guinea a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 25 ga Maris 2022.
Kungiyar Kurket ta Lesotho
Kungiyar Kurket ta Lesotho, ita ce hukuma mai gudanar da wasannin cricket a Lesotho kuma tana aiki da ƙungiyar cricket ta ƙasar Lesotho. Hedkwatarsa na yanzu yana Teyateyaneng, Lesotho. Lesotho Cricket Association ita ce wakilin Lesotho a Majalisar Cricket ta Duniya kuma memba ce ta kuma ta kasance memba na wannan kungiyar tun 2001. Hakanan memba ne na Ƙungiyar Cricket ta Afirka.
Ajeeb Daastaans
Gajerun fina -finan guda hudu sune kamar haka:
Majnu
Makale cikin aure marar ƙauna tare da Babloo, Lipakshi koyaushe yana neman soyayya a cikin sauran maza. Lokacin da dama ta isa a matsayin ɗan direban su Raj Kumar, tana ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ita sosai. Raj, ƙwararren mai karatun digiri a Kudi, ya ba da damar aiki a London don yin aiki don Babloo don abin da farko ya zama kamar ƙarin kuɗi. Yana samun riba ga Babloo kuma yana buga Lipakshi cikin dabara ba tare da sanin Babloo ba. Duk da cewa Babloo baya kaunar Lipakshi, amma baya barin masoyan ta saboda martabar dangin sa. Lipakshi yana ci gaba da motsawa a Raj, wanda a ƙarshe ya bayar a cikin dare ɗaya lokacin da Babloo ya tafi. Wannan shine farkon fara soyayya, soyayya tsakanin Raj da Lipakshi. Har ma suna shirin yin taɗi tare dare ɗaya bayan soyayya. A daidai wannan daren, Babloo ya karɓi hotunan Lipakshi tare da Gopal, amintaccen mai taimaka masa. Ya kira Raj, wanda ke shirin barin, kuma ya bayyana cewa ya ƙaunace shi kuma yana son kasancewa tare da shi har abada. Yana nuna hotunan ga Raj. Raj, dan abin ya ba shi mamaki, ya gaya masa ya rike Gopal yayin da zai tafi Lipakshi. Raj ya hau bas, kuma muna ganin Lipakshi ta tafi da jakunkunanta. Yayin da yake bugun Gopal, Babloo ya ga bidiyon Raj yana sumbatar Lipakshi kuma ya cika da mamaki. A cikin wannan bidiyon, Raj ya bayyana cewa Gopal ba shi da laifi, kuma shi ne ya kasance Lipakshi masoyinsa gaba ɗaya. Ya bayyana cewa tun lokacin da Babloo ya karye ƙafar mahaifinsa saboda bugun mota a cikin mai shuka, duk abin da Raj ke so fansa ne. Don haka ya saci kuɗi mai yawa na Babro coma goma 10 yayin da yake yi masa aiki ya bar ƙasar tare da iyayensa. Bayan bayyanar, Lipakshi yana jira a tashar jirgin ƙasa don Raj, wanda bai isa ba. Madadin haka, Babloo ya same ta. Ta bayyana tana da juna biyu, kuma dukkansu suna riƙe hannu biyu, suna kuka da daurewa kan so da cin amanar da mutum ɗaya ya yi musu.
Khilauna
Labarin ya fara da Meenal ta rasa wutar lantarki a gidanta.
Meenal 'yar aikin gida ce mai wayo a titi wanda ke zaune a cikin unguwannin marasa galihu tare da kanwarta Binny. Tana ta faman neman abin dogaro da kai tare da tura ƙanwarta makaranta. Tana aiki a cikin yanki mai wadata ga wata baiwar da ke fafutukar samun juna biyu. An nuna cewa Meenal tana riƙe da raini ga attajiran da take yi wa aiki. Lokacin da aka gaya mata matsalar wutan lantarki, mai aikin ta ta ambaci cewa za ta iya neman taimako daga Vinod Agarwal, sabon sakataren yankin. A cikin wannan yanki akwai Sushil, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin kantin wanki. Yayin da yake cikin yankin, ana ganin Sushil yana tauna Meenal da 'yar uwarsa, amma a bayan kowa, masoya ne. Labarin yana ci gaba da juyawa da juyawa tsakanin halin yanzu, inda aka nuna Meenal tana ofishin 'yan sanda tare da' yar sanda tana yi mata tambayoyi game da 'abin da ya faru' kuma ta gaya mata cewa babu ruwanta da hakan. An nuna cewa Vinod Agarwal yana da mata mai ciki kuma yana da hots na Meenal. Ya same ta a rumfar Sushil kuma ya nemi ta yi aiki a wurinsa don taimakawa matarsa. Meenal cikin farin ciki ta yarda, tana fatan samun magana da shi game da wutar lantarki a wurinta. Meenal ta bar mai aikinta na baya zuwa Vinod Agarwal, kuma an nuna tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da matar mai ciki. Lokacin da matar ba ta gida, Vinod ya matsa zuwa Meenal, yana roƙon ta da ta yi lalata da shi idan tana buƙatar wutar lantarki ta dawo. Binny ya shaida hakan. Meenal ta fita tana kuka ta nufi rumfar Sushil. Ya damu kuma ya tambaye ta abin da ya faru. Daga baya, Vinod Agarwal shima ya isa rumfar Sushil kuma ya fara buga masa saboda yin kwarkwasa da mata da rashin girman kai. Masu wucewa sun dakatar da wannan fadan, kuma sakataren ya nemi afuwar laifin da ya aikata. Vinod kuma yana gayyatar Meenal, Sushil, da Binny zuwa wani biki da shi da matarsa ke shirya don murnar haihuwar ɗansu. Muna canzawa zuwa yanzu, kuma muna ganin 'yan sanda suna kawo Sushil a tashar suna yi masa duka. An gargadi Meenal cewa idan ba ta bayyana abin da ta yi ba, zai zama kukan Binny da za ta ji a gaba. Sushil ya roki 'yan sanda da su daina bugunsa kuma ya gaya masa cewa bai yi komai ba sai ya fasa tiransifomar kuma Vinod Agarwal ya yi motsi a kan Meenal. Meenal ta ɗauki sunan wanda ta ɗauke ta aiki a baya, inda ta ce ta yi hakan ne saboda tana kishin cewa ba ta haihuwa. An dawo da mu wurin biki inda muke ganin Meenal, Binny, Abha (tsohon ma'aikacin) suna juyawa tare da jariri. Sushil yana isowa kuma an nuna yana fushi sosai. Ya saci wasu barasa ya fice daga jam'iyyar, ya bugu, ya fasa transformer, wanda ya kai ga yanke wutar lantarki a cikin jam'iyyar. Vinod Agarwal da matarsa sun sami wasu fitilun hasken wuta kuma sun gane jaririn ya ɓace. Suna neman sa, kuma Vinod ya je kicin don ganin mai dafa abinci yana sakin jini maimakon ruwa. Abha ya isa ofishin ‘yan sanda ya ce wa‘ yan sanda wani abu. Daga nan 'yan sandan suka binciki jakar Binny suka gano abin wasan jaririn a ciki. Lokacin da aka tambaye ta ko ta karba daga jaririn, Binny ta amsa cewa ta yi hakan ne saboda jaririn abin wasa ne kawai.
Geeli Pucchi
Bharti Mandal ma'aikaci ne a wata masana'anta. Tana da ilimi sosai kuma tana da ƙwarewa kuma tana neman samun babban aikin mai sarrafa bayanai a cikin ma'aikata ɗaya. Mafarkinta ya lalace tare da isowar Priya Sharma, wacce aka baiwa mukamin ba saboda tana da ƙwarewar fasaha don aikin ba amma saboda tana da madaidaitan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Bharti tana da ɗaci kuma wani abokin aikinta ya gaya mata cewa ba ta sami aikin ba saboda ƙabilar ta.
Priya ta isa gidan cin abinci don cin abincin rana kuma tana ƙoƙarin fara tattaunawa da Bharti, wanda baya ramawa. Bharti ya samu sabani da abokin aikin sa namiji kuma ya ji rauni. Priya tana kula da raunukanta kuma tana gaya mata cewa tana tunatar da ita abokiyar ƙuruciyarta Kavita. Lokacin da aka tambaye ta cikakken sunanta, Bharti ta yi karya cewa ita Bharti Banerjee ce. Matan biyu za su fita tare washegari lokacin da Priya ta bayyana wa Bharti cewa ba ta san wasu dabarun fasaha da ake buƙata don aikin ba amma an ɗauke ta aiki kawai saboda ƙwarewar karatun dabino. Wannan yana cutar da Bharti sosai, kuma tana kuka yayin da Priya ta rungume ta. Sannu a hankali, suna fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa. Priya ta bayyana wa Bharti cewa kawarta Kavita ba ta ƙara magana da ita kuma ta yi aure kuma ba ta son abin da zai yi da ita saboda tana jin daɗi. Wata rana, Priya ta ziyarci Bharti, kuma suna da ɗan lokaci. A bayyane Priya ta ɓaci kuma ta nemi gafara. Daga baya, Priya ta gayyaci Bharti zuwa wurin bikin ranar haihuwarta, inda take zaune tare da mijinta da surukanta. Priya tana jin motsin rai yayin bikin, kuma lokacin da Bharti da Priya su kaɗai, ta bayyana cewa ba ta jin ƙaunarta ga mijinta duk da cewa yana da ɗaki da kyau. Ta kuma gaya mata cewa mijinta yana son jariri, kuma ba ta jin daɗin hakan. Bharti ya gaya mata cewa ba aibi ba ce kuma hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce karɓar gaskiya. Daga nan sai ta bayyana wa Priya cewa ita Bharti Mandal ce kuma iyalinta na cikin ƙananan kabilun Dalit waɗanda matansu a al'adance suke sana'ar ungozoma. Wannan yana haifar da canjin halin Priya.
Sannan ana jefawa Priya wani bikin murnar zagayowar ranar haihuwa a ofis tare da manyan jami'anta. Ba a yarda da Bharti ba kuma ana kiran shi ne kawai don yiwa kowa hidima. Bharti ya yi kuka, kuma lokacin da Priya ta zo wurinta, ta gaya mata cewa hanya mafi kyau don magance rikicin cikin gida ita ce ta haifi jariri kuma ta zama uwa kamar Kavita. Daga nan ta ci gaba da taimaka wa Priya yin ciki yayin da take gudanar da aikin Priya. Priya mai juna biyu a yanzu tana tafiya hutun haihuwa, inda ta shawarci Bharti da ya karɓi nauyin ta. Bayan haihuwa, Bharti ya ziyarci Priya. Mijin Priya ya ambaci cewa za ta dawo bakin aiki nan ba da daɗewa ba, amma surukar Priya ta ƙi hakan. Ta tambayi Bharti ra'ayinta tunda ta fito daga gidan ungozoma. Bharti ya ba da shawarar hana komawa bakin aiki. Bharti ya tafi aiki kuma an gaya masa cewa Priya ta daina aiki kuma yanzu Bharti zai iya ɗaukar aikin gaba ɗaya.
Ankahi
Natasha da Rohan iyaye ne ga Samaira, wacce ke gab da kurame. Duk da yake Natasha uwa ce mai ƙauna da taimako, Rohan uba ne mai nisa, ya nutse cikin aiki kuma ba ya son koyan yaren kurame don sadarwa da 'yarsa. Bayan sabani da Rohan, Natasha ta ziyarci gidan hoton inda ta sadu da Kabir, mai ɗaukar hoto. Suna haɗawa kuma suna fara ratayewa sau da yawa. Wata rana, Natasha ta ziyarci gidan Kabir, su biyun suna da ɗan lokaci. Natasha ta fashe, ganin cewa ba daidai bane, kuma ta fita don nemo sako daga Rohan yana cewa ya nutse cikin aiki kuma zai bar Samaira wurin mahaifiyarsa. Wannan yana sa Natasha komawa Kabir, kuma suna yin soyayya. Washe gari, Kabir yana son bayyana soyayyar da yake mata amma yana jin tsoro. Natasha tayi ado kuma ta bar gidan ta. Kabir na biye da ita a baya, cikin karfin hali ya bayyana mata yadda yake ji. Natasha ta isa gida kuma ta yi farin cikin ganin cewa Rohan yana magana da Samaira, kuma dukkansu suna haɗewa, suna yin barkwanci, suna dariya. Ta yi farin cikin wannan canjin kuma ta juya ta rufe ƙofar kawai don ganin Kabir cikin hawaye. Ba ta san abin da za ta yi ba ta rufe kofa tana ba da hakuri tana kuka. Samaira, wacce ta shaida duk wannan, ta tambayi mahaifiyarta ko Kabir yana son ta.
Saki
An saki fim ɗin akan Netflix ranar 16 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2021.
Karɓar baki
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, which categorizes reviews only as positive or negative, 100% of 12 reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.30/10.
Anupama Chopra na Abokin Fim ya rubuta, "Kamar gajeriyar Zoya Akhtar a cikin Lust Stories ko Dibakar Banerjee a cikin Labarun fatalwa ko Avinash Arun a cikin Marasa Lafiya. A cikin Ajeeb Daastaans, wannan fim ɗin shine Geeli Pucchi na Neeraj Ghaywan. Kodayake gajeriyar ba ta yi daidai da ƙyalli na waɗancan na farkon ba, shine babban mai nasara a cikin wannan tarin fina-finai huɗu. ”
Avinash Lohana na Pinkvilla ya rubuta a cikin bita cewa fim ɗin "hawan motsin rai ne amma ba tare da ɓarna ba". Ya sake nazarin Geeli Pucchi a matsayin mafi kyawun duka kuma ya yaba da ayyukan Konkana Sen Sharma da Aditi Rao Hydari.
Rohan Nahar na Hindustan Times ya rubuta cewa fim ɗin bai dace ba kuma ba daidai ba ne. Ya kira sashin Neeraj Ghaywan mai ceto kuma ya yaba da fim ɗin Kayoz Irani saboda ƙwaƙƙwaran rawar da Shefali Shah da Manav Kaul suka yi.
Hukumar Wasan Kurket ta Najeriya
Tarihi
A karni na 19, masu gudanar da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya sun fara bullo da yada wasan kurket a Najeriya. Wasan wasan kurket na farko da Najeriya ta buga da Gold Coast (Gana a yanzu) a shekarar 1904.
An kafa kungiyar Cricket Association ta Najeriya ('yan kasashen waje) da kungiyar Cricket ta Najeriya ('yan asali) a cikin 1932 da 1933 bi da bi. A shekarar 1951, an kaddamar da kwamitin hadin gwiwa a Legas inda kowace kungiya ke rike da sunan ta. Bayan shekaru shida, a cikin 1957, ƙungiyoyin ƙetare da ƴan asalin ƙasar sun haɗu suka kafa ƙungiyar cricket ta Najeriya (NCA). An canza wannan suna zuwa Ƙungiyar Cricket ta Najeriya (NCF) a cikin 2006.
A cikin shekarun 1960 NCF ta tsunduma cikin wani yunkuri, wanda ya haifar da kafa kungiyar wasan kurket ta yankin Afirka ta Yamma (WACF), mai hedikwata a Najeriya. Daga baya, a cikin 1976, WACF ta rikide zuwa taron Cricket Conference na Yammacin Afirka (WACC). An baiwa Najeriya damar zama mamba a kotun ICC a shekarar 2002.
Jagorancin tsarin sharar gida (WFD)
Jagorancin Tsarin Sharar gida (WFD) umarni ne na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai wanda ya shafi "matakan kare muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam ta hanyar hanawa ko rage mummunan tasirin tsarawa da sarrafa sharar gida da kuma rage tasirin amfani da albarkatu gaba ɗaya da inganta ingantaccen aiki. amfani kamar haka". Umarnin Tsarin Sharar gida na farko ya fara zuwa shekarata 1975. A baya an gyara shi sosai a cikin 1991 da shekara ta 2006. An karɓi wannan umarnin a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba shekarata 2008.
Manufar WFD ita ce kafa tushen mayar da EU zuwa "al'umma mai sake amfani da ita" da ke neman kauce wa samar da sharar gida da kuma amfani da Duk sharar gida a matsayin hanya" (Preamble, sashe 28).
Ɗaya daga cikin fasalulluka na WFD shine Tsarin Tsararru na Turai.
Ma'auni na ƙarewar sharar gida
Ƙarshen sharar ƙa'idodin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sharar sun ƙare lokacin da wasu abubuwan sharar suka daina zama "sharar gida" kuma suna ɗaukar matsayin samfur (ko ɗanyen abu na biyu ).
Dangane da Mataki na 6 (1) da (2), wasu ƙayyadaddun sharar gida ba za su daina zama sharar gida ba lokacin da aka dawo da Kuma aikin (ciki har da sake yin amfani da su) kuma ya bi ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗan da za a haɓaka daidai da wasu sharuɗɗan shari'a, musamman:
Mai inganci mai inganci
Mataki na 11 ya bukaci kasashe mambobin su "inganta ingantaccen sake amfani da su". Ba a fayyace kalmar "high quality" ba, kuma amma ta ƙunshi cika "ma'auni masu mahimmanci don sassan sake amfani da su".
Tarin daban
Mataki na 10 (2) na Dokar Tsarin Sharar Sharar gida ta fitar da wani babban buƙatu na tara daban da kuma wajabcin ƙasashe membobin su kafa tsarin tattara daban don aƙalla takarda, ƙarfe, filastik da gilashi nan da shekarata 2015. Mataki na 11 (1) ya gindaya buƙatu ga ƙasashe membobin don ɗaukar matakan haɓaka ingantaccen sake amfani da su ta hanyar tarin daban-daban.
A fasaha, muhalli da kuma tattalin arziki aiki
Dangane da jagororin EU, "haɗin kalmomin 'fasaha, muhalli da kuma aiwatar da tattalin arziƙi' ya bayyana sharuɗɗan da ake buƙata don Membobin ƙasashe, zuwa mabanbantan yanayi, waɗanda ke da alhakin saita tarin daban a ƙarƙashin Articles 10 da 11 [na Umarnin]".
Warri Times
Warri Times shine shafin da Isaiah Ogedegbe ke gudanarwa a Warri. Wani babban marubuci dan Amurka Frederic Will ya ambaci Warri Times a cikin littafinsa na 2017.
Hanyoyin hadin waje
Blog
Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II
Prempeh II (Otumfuo Nana Sir Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II, KBE, c. 1892 - 27 May 1970), shine sha huɗu Asantehene, ko sarkin Ashanti (Mai Mulkin Asante), yana mulki daga 22 ga Yuni 1931 zuwa 27 ga Mayun 1970.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Asantehene Prempeh II na Ashanti a 1892 a Kumasi babban birnin kasar. Yana ɗan shekara huɗu lokacin da kawunsa, Prempeh I (na 13 na Asantehene), kakan mahaifiyarsa, sarauniya Nana Yaa Akyaa, da sauran membobin dangi suka kama su kuma suka tura su zuwa Tsibirin Seychelles da Birtaniyya a 1896. Prempeh na dawo daga gudun hijira a 1924 kuma ya mutu a watan Mayu 1931, kuma daga baya aka zaɓi Otumfuo Prempeh II a matsayin wanda zai gaje shi; duk da haka, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Kumasihene kawai maimakon Asantehene. A cikin 1935, bayan ƙoƙari mai ƙarfi daga gare shi, hukumomin mulkin mallaka sun ba wa Prempeh II damar ɗaukar taken Asantehene.
A cikin 1949 Prempeh II ya kasance mai taimakawa wajen kafa Kwalejin Prempeh, babbar makarantar yara maza da ke Kumasi, Ashanti. Ya kuma ba da fili mai yawa don gina Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST), wanda a shekarar 1969 ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Doctor na Science. A watan Oktoban 1969 an zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban farko na Majalisar Sarakunan Ƙasa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka nada shi Majalisar Jiha.
Ƴancin yawo
A cikin Scotland, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Austria, Czech Republic da Switzerland,ƴancin yawo na ɗaukar nauyin haƙƙin jama'a gaba ɗaya wanda a wasu lokuta doka ke tsara su. Samun damar dadadden abu ne a sassan Arewacin Turai kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin mai wadataccen asali wanda ba a sanya shi cikin doka ba har zuwa zamani. Koyaya, haƙƙin galibi baya haɗawa da duk wani amfani na tattalin arziƙi, kamar farauta ko sare-sare, ko ayyukan ɓarna, kamar yin gobara da tuka motocin da ke kan hanya.
A cikin Ingila da Wales haƙƙin samun damar jama'a ya shafi wasu nau'ikan galibi ƙasar da ba a noma ta ba.
Nasashen Nordic
Abubuwan tarihi na dā suna ba da shaidar ƴanci yawo a cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa, suna nuna cewa irin wannan ƴanci ya kasance al'ada ta gama gari. A yau, haƙƙin yawo ya wanzu ta wataƙila mafi kyawun tsaransa a Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Norway da Sweden. Anan an sami dama ta hanyar aiki a cikin daruruwan shekaru kuma ba a san lokacin da ya canza daga kawai 'al'adar gama gari' ta zama 'yancin da aka sani ba. A yau waɗannan haƙƙoƙin suna tallafawa damar yin nishaɗin waje a yawancin ƙasashen Nordic, suna ba da damar yin tafiya a ƙetaren ko zango a ƙasar wani (misali a Sweden na dare ɗaya ko biyu), yin kwalekwale a kan ruwan wani, da tsinkar furannin daji, namomin kaza da 'ya'yan itace. Koyaya, tare da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin akwai nauyi; ma'ana, wajibi ba cutarwa, ta da hankali, zubar da shara ba, ko lalata dabbobi ko albarkatun gona.
Hakkokin samun dama galibi don tafiya a kafa. Hakkokin kifi, farauta ko ɗaukar kowane samfuri galibi ana tilasta shi ta wasu al'adu ko dokoki. Ginin wuta galibi an hana shi (kodayake a Sweden da Norway ana barin wuta tare da kiyaye kariya ta dace). Yin amo yana da karfin gwiwa. A wasu ƙasashe, an tanadar sanya tanti a cikin daji na dare ɗaya, amma ba amfani da ayari ba. Samun damar bai kai ga gina ko bunƙasar ƙasa ba (kamar gidaje, lambuna ) kuma ba lallai ba ne ya haɗa da cinikin ƙasar da kasuwanci. Misali, masu aikin diban 'ya'yan itacen berry na iya halatta sai da izinin mai gida.
Akwai wasu manyan bambance-bambance a cikin dokokin ƙasashe daban-daban. A Denmark, akwai ƴancin yawo a cikin ƙasar mallakar keɓaɓɓu. Duk dunes da rairayin bakin teku da duk gandun daji mallakar jama'a suna buɗe don yawo. Wuraren da ba a horar da su ba, wuraren da ba a katange su a bude suke don yawo ba tare da la'akari da matsayin mallakar su ba. Keɓaɓɓen mallaki yana da damar ta hanyoyi da waƙoƙi kawai.
Kasar Finland
jokamiehenoikeus yawo da haƙƙoƙin da suka danganci "jokamiehenoikeus " cikin allemansrätten Finnish da " allemansrätten " a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden (lit." hakkin kowane mutum "), kwatankwacin sauran ƙasashen Nordic. Kowane mutum na iya tafiya, ya hau kan kanshi, ya hau doki ko ya hau kansa ba tare da yardar kaina ba a cikin karkara inda wannan ba zai cutar da mahalli ko maigidan ba, sai dai a lambuna ko kusa da gidajen mutane (yadi) Filin gona da gonaki, waɗanda ƙila za a cutar da su, ƙila ba za a ƙetare su ba sai a lokacin hunturu. Zai yiwu kuma a kafa hanyoyin shakatawa ta waje a ƙasa mai zaman kanta, bisa yarjejeniya kan haƙƙin amfani ko ta hanyar aikace-aikacen hukuma bisa ga Dokar Nishaɗin Waje, misali.
Mutum ba zai damu wasu ko lalata dukiya, damun tsuntsaye masu kiwo (ko sheƙarsu ko samari), ko damun mai ba da horo ko dabbobin farauta. Mutum ba zai iya sare ko lalata itacen da ke raye ba, ko tara itace, gansakuka ko lasisin akan dukiyar wasu mutane, kuma ba zai iya kunna wuta ba tare da izinin maigidan ba (sai dai a cikin gaggawa). Abin karɓa ne, kodayake, don amfani da abin ƙona barasa, murhun katako ko irin wannan na'urar da ba ta da 7 zafi da ke taɓa ƙasa. Mutum ba zai iya dagula sirrin gidajen mutane ba ta hanyar yin sansani kusa da su ko yin surutu da yawa, ko yawan shara, ko tuka motocin a kan hanya ba tare da izinin mai gida ba, ko kifi (ban da angling) ko farauta ba tare da izinin da ya dace ba. Idan hawan dawakai ya haifar da ƙananan matsala ko damuwa, dole ne a yi yarjejeniya don amfani da hanya ta dogon lokaci tare da mai ƙasa. Hakanan za'a iya ɗaukar doki don yin iyo a jikin ruwa ba tare da izinin mai yankin ba (ban da rairayin bakin teku na jama'a).
Hakki tabbatacce hakki ne a game da cewa gwamnati ce kawai aka yarda ta takaita shi kamar yadda yake a yanayin tsauraran yanayi. Koyaya, ainihin ma'anar ya kasance galibi ba a tantance shi ba kuma ya dogara da ƙa'idar nulla poena sine lege (abin da ba doka ba ba za a hukunta shi ba).
Kusurwa
Kusurwa wannan kalmar na nufin lungu da aka ɓoye abu ko kuma abun ya ɓoye.
Ƴancin yawo
Norway
Akwai wasu ka'idoji na yau da kullun waɗanda dole ne a bi yayin yin zango a ƙasar Norway:
A shekarun baya dama ya shiga matsi musamman a kusa da Oslo Fjord da kuma cikin sanannun yankuna na Kudancin Norway. Waɗannan yankuna shahararrun shafuka ne don gidajen hutu kuma yawancin masu mallakar yankin bakin teku suna son hana jama'a damar mallakar kadarorinsu. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, an hana ginawa da raba dukiya a yanki mai mita 100 mafi kusa da teku, amma ƙananan hukumomi a yankuna da yawa sun yi amfani da libeancinsu don ba da izini daga wannan dokar. Koyaya, koda an ba mai ƙasa izinin yin gini kusa da gabar, ƙila ba zai hana mutane yin tafiya a gefen gabar ba. Ba a ba da izinin shinge da sauran shingayen don hana jama'a damar shiga ba (amma duk da haka wasu lokuta ana kafa su, wanda ke haifar da tara mai yawa).
An yarda da jirgin ruwa, kayak, kwale-kwale da tafiya cikin koguna, tabkuna, da kuma teku. Ana ba da izinin ba da izinin jirgi a cikin ruwan gishiri kawai.
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A cikin yankunan ruwan gishiri akwai damar samun kifin wasanni ta hanyar amfani da jiragen ruwa ko daga bakin gabar teku. Duk masunta na karkashin doka ne, tare da sauran abubuwa, kare bambancin halittu, kuma wannan dokar ta tanadi dokoki game da amfani da kaya, yanayi, jaka ko girman iyawa da sauransu.
Sweden
A Sweden allemansrätten (lit.  hakkin kowane mutum ) shine ' yanci wanda Tsarin Mulkin Sweden ya bashi. Tun 1994 kayan aikin Gwamnati suka ce ba tare da haƙƙin mallakan dukiya ba "kowa zai sami damar mallakar yanayi daidai da £allemansrätten ". Abin da wannan ke nufi ba a kara bayyanarsa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki ba, kuma ba shi da yawa a wasu dokokin. A aikace, an bayyana allemansrätten a matsayin ayyuka waɗanda ba laifi ba ne, ba zai sa mutum ya biya diyya ba, kuma wata hukuma ba za ta iya hana shi ba. Kamar yadda yake a cikin wasu ƙasashe na Arewacin Turai, Swedishancin Yaren mutanen Sweden na yawo ya zo tare da girmamawa daidai wa daida da aka ɗora wa alhakin kula da ƙauye; mahimmin shine "kar a dame shi, kar a halakar". Yawancin mutanen Sweden suna ɗaukar wannan a matsayin wani nau'i na gado ko haƙƙin ɗan adam.
Allemansrätten ya ba mutum haƙƙin shiga, tafiya, kewaya, hawa, hawa, da kuma yin sansani a kowace ƙasa-ban da lambunan lambuna masu zaman kansu, kusancin gidan zama da filayen da ake nomawa. Ana amfani da ƙuntatawa don ajiyar yanayi da sauran wuraren kariya. Hakanan yana ba da haƙƙin karɓar furannin daji, namomin kaza da 'ya'yan itace (muddin ba su da kariya ta doka), amma ba farauta ta kowace hanya ba. An ba da izinin yin iyo a kowane tafki da ɗora jirgin ruwa a kan kowane ruwa sai dai a bayyane an hana shi. An ba da izinin ziyartar rairayin bakin teku da tafiya ta gabar teku, tare da bayar da shi ba wani yanki na lambu ba ko kuma kusancin wurin zama (wanda doka ta bayyana a matsayin hemfridszon ). Girman hemfridszon ya dogara da yanayi amma yana iya zama girman mita 70 daga gidan zama na yau da kullun. Don kare kariya ga ruwa da haƙƙin tafiya tare da rairayin bakin teku, tun 1975 ba'a yarda a gina sabon gida kusa (gaba ɗaya mita 100) daga rairayin bakin teku da / ko bakin teku ba.
Kamun kifi ya kasance mai zaman kansa ne sosai - baya ga kan manyan tafkuna biyar da bakin Tekun Baltic, da Sauti, da Kattegat da kuma Skagerrak. An ba shi izinin tuki mota a kan keɓaɓɓen hanya sai dai in an fito da bayyane sabanin haka. Kananan gobara an yarda da su gabaɗaya, amma a wasu lokutan ƙananan hukumomi sun hana su saboda haɗarin gobara. An ba da izinin sanya alfarwa a kan duk ƙasar da ba a shuka ba kwana ɗaya ko biyu. An sami wani rikici game da amfani da kasuwanci na haƙƙin karɓar Berry, lokacin da kamfanoni bisa doka suka ba mutane kwangilar karɓar 'ya'yan itace a cikin dazuzzuka.
Ginin wuta galibi an yarda dashi banda fuskoki mara dutse inda zai haifar da fatattaka. Ƙananan hukumomi na iya fitar da takunkumin wuta a lokacin bushewa.
Kirci
Kirci wannan kalmar na nufin wani tsage tsage ne dake fitowa a jikin mutum saboda chanja ruwa, ko aron kaya ko kuma goganya da jikin Mutumin da yake dashi. Ita wannan cutar ana ɗauka. A turance kuma ana kiranshi da Eczema.
Ƴancin yawo
Iceland
Kamar sauran ƙasashen Nordic dokar Icelandic ta ƙunshi nau'ikan 'yanci na yawo, haƙƙin samun damar ƙasar da ba a noma ba, zango a can, tsince' ya'yan itace, kuma a wasu watanni ma a kunna wuta. "Ya halatta a tsallaka keɓaɓɓun abubuwa ba tare da neman izini na musamman ba, amma masu mallakar filaye na iya iyakance hanyoyi da alamomi ko wasu alamomi. Landasar mallakar ƙasa kamar wuraren kiyayewa da yankunan gandun daji a buɗe suke ga kowa tare da 'yan kaɗan. Wadannan ware hada da - amma ba su iyakance zuwa - damar a lokacin da kiwon waddan yanayi ko a lokacin m girma lokaci ".
Ya kamata masu yawon bude ido, "su guji daukar gajerun hanyoyi a wuraren masu shinge, wuraren kiwo da filaye masu zaman kansu", kuma su bi dokoki a wuraren kiyayewa. Hakanan ya kamata a bi hanyoyin ƙafa, idan sun wanzu, don taimakawa kare yanayin ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, "masu mallakar ƙasa ba za su iya hana wucewar masu tafiya a gefen koguna, tabkuna da teku, ko kan hanyoyi da hanyoyi ba '. Ana iya ƙuntata keke akan wasu hanyoyi. Dole ne dawakan dawakai su ci gaba da bin hanyoyin inda suke kuma a wasu wurare suna nuna "la'akari da ƙasar".
Kamun kifi na buƙatar lasisi amma tattara "'ya'yan itace, namomin kaza, tsiren ruwan teku da sauran tsire-tsire don amfanin kai tsaye" an ba da izinin a "filayen jama'a da wuraren kiwo mai hawa".
Estonia
A Estonia, an ba shi izinin isa ga shimfidar wurare na al'ada da na al'ada a ƙafa, ta keke, kankara, jirgin ruwa, ko a kan dawakai.
Ana iya samun damar mallakar dukiyar mutane a kowane lokaci. Idan kadarorin masu zaman kansu sun kasance masu shinge ko sanya su akan wuce gona da iri, ana buƙatar izinin mai shi don ci gaba. Ana kuma buƙatar mai mallakar keɓaɓɓen ya sanya alamun da ke nuna mallakar ƙasar, da lambobin tuntuɓar, don guje wa batutuwan doka. Masu mallakar ƙasa ba za su iya toshe hanyar zuwa ƙasa, hanyoyi ko kuma ruwayen da suke na jama'a ko waɗanda aka keɓe don amfanin jama'a ba, gami da kankara da hanyoyin mota.
Dukkanin ruwan da ke cikin jama'a ko kuma aka keɓe don amfanin jama'a suna da hanyoyin gabar teku waɗanda suka kai 4 m. Hanyar gabar teku tare da ruwa mai kewayawa na iya fadada zuwa tazarar 10 m na layin ruwa. Maigidan ba zai iya rufe wannan hanyar ba koda kuwa an sanya alamomi masu zaman kansu ko kuma sanya musu alama ba tare da keta doka ba. Yankunan kiwo da sauran wuraren da aka keɓe tare da hanyoyin gabar teku dole ne su kasance tsaka-tsalle. Ba a amfani da tafkunan da ba shi da wata hanya da ta keɓe gaba ɗaya a ƙasar mai ƙasa guda ɗaya da kuma tabkunan da ba su kai kadada biyar da ke filayen mallakar mai mallakar ƙasa fiye da ɗaya ba. Ana buƙatar izini daga mai ƙasa don samun damar shiga irin waɗannan ruwan.
Hakanan jikin ruwa baya karewa azaman hanyoyin samun ruwan sha ko wanda kifin ke amfani dashi ko kuma ke cikin wani amfani na musamman yana da hanyar zuwa gaɓar teku. Dukkan hakkoki da nauyi game da hulɗar ɗan adam da ɗabi'a ana kiranta haƙƙin kowane mutum. Hakkin kowane mutum bai shafi shirya abubuwan wasanni ba ko wasu al'amuran jama'a a cikin bude kasa ba. Don tsara waɗannan, dole ne a nemi izinin masu ƙasa ko wasu masu mallakar ƙasa, kuma idan ya cancanta, na ƙaramar hukuma.
An halatta mai zuwa a yanayi:
An haramta masu zuwa:
Belarus
Mataki na 13 na Sashe na 1 na Tsarin Mulki na Belarus ya ba da tabbacin cewa duk gandun daji da gonar mallakar jama'a.  Kashi arba'in na yankin ƙasar yana da dazuzzuka,  kuma kusan adadin da aka keɓe ga aikin gona.
Dangane da Dokar Daji (Mataki na 13)
Austria
Haƙƙin yawo a cikin Austriya, musamman a cikin dazuzzuka da yankunan duwatsu, ana kiransa Wegefreiheit. Tun daga 1975 haƙƙin yawo a cikin dazuzzuka ya tabbata da dokar Tarayya. Musamman, ana ba da izinin tafiya, gudu, yawo, da hutawa ta atomatik ga jama'a a yawancin yankuna daji. Koyaya, hawa doki, hawa keke, da kuma zango ba haka bane, kuma ana iya aiwatar dashi kawai tare da izinin mai ƙasa. Babban yanki na yankin gandun daji a Austriya mallakar hukumomin gwamnati ne kamar Hukumar Gandun daji ta, amma har yanzu ana amfani da takunkumi iri ɗaya. A wasu yanayi ana iya rufe gandun daji ga jama'a saboda dalilan muhalli. Halin da ake ciki a yankunan tsaunuka ba shi da bayyananne, kuma ya bambanta daga jihar zuwa jiha. Wasu jihohi, irin su Carinthia, Styria, da Salzburg sun ba da tabbacin haƙƙin yawo a yankunan tsaunuka (galibi ana bayyana su sama da layin itace), don duk ayyukan nishaɗi. A wasu jihohin, kamar su Tyrol, Lower Austria, da Burgenland, babu bayyanannen haƙƙin yawo kuma masu mallakar ƙasa suna da haƙƙin hana izinin. A aikace, duk da haka, ba a cika aiwatar da waɗannan ƙuntatawa, tunda yawon buɗe ido tsaunuka muhimmin masana'antu ne a Ostiriya.
Jamhuriyar Czech
Dokar kiyayewa ta Yanayi da Karkara, ta ba da izinin doka ta yawo a cikin kasa ("veřejná přístupnost krajiny", samun damar jama'a na karkara ko jeji - ban da jakunkunan da mutum na halitta ya mallaka). Wasu nau'ikan filaye an keɓance daga damar jama'a ta tilas: zama da filayen gini, farfajiyoyi, lambuna, gonaki, gonakin inabi, lambunan hop, filayen da aka tsara don kiwon dabbobi. Ba a ware filaye da filayen noma a lokutan da ciyayi ko ƙasa za su lalace, ba a ware filayen makiyaya yayin kiwo. A cikin abubuwan kiyayewa na ƙasa, abubuwan tarihi na ƙasa, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da kuma a cikin yankuna na farko na yankunan da ke da kariya, sararin samaniya na iya ƙuntata damar jama'a (bisa ƙa'idodi kawai ga hanyoyi ko kuma kawai hanyoyin da aka yi alama). Ayyuka na musamman na iya ware wasu yankuna (misali yankunan soja, hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da sauransu. ).
Dangane da dokar gandun daji, ana iya samun gandun daji a bainar jama'a ("obecné užívání lesa", yawan amfani da dazuzzuka - gami da masu zaman kansu) kuma 'yan ƙasa suna da haƙƙin doka na shiga dazuzzuka. Hakkin tattara dryan busassun sandunan da ke kwance a ƙasa da 'ya'yan itacen berry don wata manufa ta mutum kuma an ba shi tabbaci. Koyaya, ba da izinin hawa keke, hawa, shinge, hawan kankara da doki a kan hanyoyin daji kawai. An hana hawa abin hawa na jama'a (manyan hanyoyin da ke bi ta cikin daji ba a dauke su a matsayin sassan dajin - saboda ba a dauke su a matsayin "kasar daji" a cikin ragistar kasa). Mai shi na iyakance amfani da gandun daji na yau da kullun a cikin gandun daji na soja, yankuna masu kariya, gandun daji na gandun daji, gonaki na gandun daji, wuraren shakatawa na dawa, kayan abinci da dai sauransu.
Dokar Hanya ta bayyana obecné užívání pozemních komunikací (amfani da hanyoyi na yau da kullun - ana iya cire wasu hanyoyi), Dokar Ruwa ta bayyana "obecné užívání povrchových vod" (amfani da ruwan saman ƙasa).
Switzerland
Dokar ƙasar ta Switzerland ta tanadi cewa gandun daji da makiyaya suna da sauƙi don kowa, idan dai ba a yi amfani da shi da yawa ba. Sai dai a cikin lamura na musamman kamar kariyar ƙananan gandun daji ko biotopes ba a ba shi izinin shinge a yankunan daji. Wannan kuma ya shafi kadarori masu zaman kansu. Wasu ayyukan da suka danganci amfani da yawa da kuma yiwuwar haifar da lalacewa, kamar abubuwan da suka faru a cikin dazuzzuka, ko samun dama tare da motoci, na iya dogaro da izini na musamman. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan ƙa'idodin don ƙasar da ba za a iya amfani da ita ba (misali shimfidar ruwa, dutse, dusar ƙanƙara da kankara), ba tare da la'akari da ƙasar da ba ta mallaki ba (watau kasancewa ƙarƙashin ikon yankin kuma ba za a iya yin iƙirarin mallakarsa ba) mallakar sirri. Hakanan yankin na iya zaɓar don taƙaita freedomancin yawo don kare yanayi (misali tara naman kaza, 'ya'yan itace, itace, da dai sauransu a cikin dazuzzuka).
Jamus
A cikin Jamus iyakance haƙƙin yawo, wanda ake kira Betretungsrecht, ana tabbatar da dokokin ƙasa da yawa. Dokar Kare Lafiyar Yanayi ta Tarayya, Dokar Gandun Dajin Tarayya  da Dokar Gudanar da Ruwa ta Tarayya sun ba wa kowa damar bude shimfidar wuri, filayen da ba a noma su ba, dazuzzuka da sassan ruwa, gami da hawan keke da hawan doki a kan hanyoyi da hanyoyi. Za'a iya ƙara haɓaka haƙƙin ta hanyar dokar ƙasa.
Bavaria
Kundin tsarin mulkin Bavaria ya tabbatar wa kowa "jin dadin kyawawan dabi'u da nishadi a waje, musamman damar isa gandun daji da ciyawar tsaunuka, da amfani da magudanan ruwa da tafkuna da kuma ware 'ya'yan itatuwa". Dama ana yi masa laƙabi da Schwammerlparagraph (sashin naman kaza). Har ila yau labarin ya wajabta "kowane mutum ya bi da yanayi da shimfidar wuri da hankali". "Jiha da kananan hukumomi za su kasance suna da haƙƙi da haƙƙin kiyaye damar zuwa tsaunuka, tabkuna, koguna da sauran kyawawan wurare masu kyau da kuma samar da damar kyauta ta hanyar taƙaita haƙƙin mallaka da kuma ƙirƙirar hanyoyin yawo da wuraren shakatawa".
Ƙasar Ingila
A cikin Burtaniya, a wajen Scotland, an taƙaita damar yin amfani da filayen da ba a bayyana ba sosai da kuma ba a bayyana su ba kafin kafa dokar ƙauye da haƙƙin Way 2000. Samun damar zuwa ƙasa a Ingila da Wales har yanzu yana da iyakance fiye da yawancin Yammacin Turai, da wasu ƙasashen Turai, yayin da samun dama ke da iyaka a Arewacin Ireland. An riga an kare dukiya a Ingila da Wales galibi don adana maigidan mai farauta ko haƙƙin kamun kifi. Ramungiyar Ramblers, wacce ke aiki don haɓaka haƙƙin masu tafiya a Unitedasar Burtaniya, ita ce tushen motsa wannan doka.
Ingila da Wales
A cikin Ingila da Wales, bayan mahawara ta rashin jituwa game da cancanta, haƙƙoƙi da fa'idodin masu mallakar filaye masu zaman kansu da hutu na jama'a, a cikin 2000 Gwamnati ta tsara doka don gabatar da iyakance haƙƙin yawo, ba tare da biyan diyya ga masu ƙasa ba. An aiwatar da dokar karkara da haƙƙin hanya ta 2000 (CROW) a hankali daga shekara ta 2000 zuwa gaba don ba wa jama'a haƙƙin yin tafiya a wasu yankuna na yankin Ingilishi da yankin Welsh: musamman a ƙasan, moorland, heathland da kuma yankin bakin teku. Ba a keɓe dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka, ban da gandun dajin mallakar jama'a, waɗanda ke da irin wannan haƙƙin samun dama ta hanyar sadaukar da kai da Hukumar Kula da Daji ta yi. Landasasshen ƙasa, lambuna da wasu yankuna an keɓance su musamman daga damar samun dama. Ana iya samun damar ƙasar noma idan ta faɗi cikin ɗayan rukunin da aka bayyana a sama. Mutanen da ke amfani da damar samun dama suna da wasu ayyuka na girmama haƙƙin sauran mutane na kula da ƙasar, da kuma kiyaye yanayi.
Sabbin 'yancin an gabatar da yanki ta yanki ta hanyar Ingila da Wales, tare da kammalawa a 2005. An samar da taswira da ke nuna yankuna masu yuwuwa. Wannan ya kara wa halattacciyar doka ta amfani da takun sawun jama'a da hanyoyin gadoji, wasu filaye gama gari da samun damar zuwa gabar teku. Masu mallakar ƙasa na iya hana samun damar zuwa wasu yankuna (ko ɗora kuɗaɗe don isa).
Angling moriyar nasarar lobbied ga wariya na gudãna a Ingila da kuma Wales daga hankaka, da barin sauran kogin masu amfani kamar swimmers da canoeists tare da samun damar takaitawa kasa da 2% na navigable ruwa. Cungiyar Canoe ta Biritaniya tana gudanar da Kamfen Gangamin Samun Kogin, don nuna irin matakan ƙuntatawa da jama'a ke fuskanta wajen samun damar zuwa hanyoyin ruwa na cikin ruwa a Ingila da Wales.
Mafi yawan Dartmoor National Park an sanya shi a matsayin 'Landasar Samun', duk da cewa ya kasance mallakar masu zaman kansa ne, tun daga Dokar Dartmoor Commons ta 1985, ba tare da taƙaita inda masu tafiya za su yi yawo ba. Saboda Dokar 1985, Dartmoor bai cika shafar Yankin karkara da haƙƙin Way Way 2000 ba, wanda ya kafa irin wannan haƙƙin a wasu yankunan karkarar ƙasar, amma a 2006, wannan Dokar ta buɗe yawancin ragowar filayen da aka rage wa masu tafiya.
Dokar Samun Ruwa ta Yankin Ruwa da Ruwa ta 2009 sun fadada haƙƙin samun damar zuwa ƙasa kusa da gabar Ingila.
Scotland
A cikin Scotland dokar sake fasalin ƙasa (Scotland) ta 2003 cikakke cikakke a cikin dokar Scots tsohuwar al'adar 'yancin samun damar mallakar ƙasa a cikin Scotland. Dokar ta tanadi haƙƙin kasancewa a ƙasa don nishaɗi, ilimantarwa da wasu wasu dalilai da haƙƙin ƙetare ƙasa. Hakkokin suna wanzuwa ne kawai idan ana aiki da su yadda ya kamata, kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin Dokar Shiga doorasashen waje na Scottish.
Hakkokin samun dama sun shafi duk wasu ayyukan da ba matuka mota ba, gami da yin tafiya, keke, hawa doki da kuma zango na daji. Hakanan suna ba da damar isa ga ruwa mai nisa don jirgin ruwa, kwale-kwale, jirgin ruwa da iyo. Hakkokin da aka tabbatar a cikin dokokin Scottish sun fi taƙaitattun haƙƙoƙin samun damar da aka kirkira a Ingila da Wales ta theasar da Rightsancin Hanyar Way 2000 (CRoW).
Arewacin Ireland
An bayyana haƙƙoƙin samun dama a Arewacin Ireland a matsayin "mafi ƙazantar da dokar samun damar shiga a Turai. Yawancin hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu don isa … tsaunuka, tsaunuka, bakin teku, koguna da abubuwan tunawa na ƙasa sun ƙetare ƙasar masu zaman kansu. A kusan a kowane yanayi, mai tafiya ba shi da ikon kasancewa a wurin. ” Samun dama ga Karkara (Arewacin Ireland) Umarni na 1983 ya ba da wasu haƙƙoƙi, amma galibi ana yin samin dama a kan dokar ta Ingilishi / Welsh ta 1949 mai ƙuntatawa. Rashin al'adar samun dama, tasirin siyasa na masu mallakar filaye da matsalolin shugabanci an ɗora alhakin rashin 'yanci na yawo.
Jamhuriyar Ireland
Kiyaye Ireland Bude kungiya ce ta yakin neman zabe da nufin inganta hanyoyin shigowa karkara. Journalan jaridar Fintan O'Toole ya kira dokar Irish "wataƙila mafi munin ra'ayi da ma'anar masu tafiya a Turai". An bayyana haƙƙoƙin samun dama a cikin Ireland a matsayin "mafi ƙaƙƙarfar doka da dokar samun damar shiga a Turai. Yawancin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don zuwa tsaunukanmu, tuddai, bakin teku, koguna da abubuwan tunawa na ƙasa sun ƙetare ƙasar masu zaman kansu. A kusan dukkanin lamura, mai tafiya ba shi da damar kasancewa a wurin. ” Wuraren shakatawa na kasar sun bayyana ta "Open Ireland Open" a matsayin "wurare ne kawai a cikin Ireland inda freedomancin yawo suke ciki", amma kawai suna rufe 0.9% na ƙasar. Comamirle na Tuaithe ya kafa Éamon Ó Cuív, Ministan Al'umma, Karkara da Harkokin Gaeltacht a 2004 don sasantawa tsakanin masu mallakar ƙasa, hukumomin jihohi da masu amfani da wasanni na karkara.
Amurka
Hakkokin mallaka a cikin Amurka sun haɗa da haƙƙin keɓe wasu. Amma a karkashin wasu yanayi, dogon lokacin da amfani da wata hanya a fadin zaman kansa dukiya iya bin doka kafa prescriptive easement ga jama'a. Game da mallakar mallakar gwamnatin tarayya, sashin mallakar kundin tsarin mulki ya ba Majalisar Tarayyar Amurka ikon tsara kayan tarayya "ba tare da iyakancewa ba".
A cikin Amurka hukumomin gwamnati da suka hada da birane, kananan hukumomi, jihohi, da gwamnatin tarayya duk suna kula da filaye wadanda ake kira da filayen jama'a ko yankin jama'a. Yawancin filayen jama'a a cikin Amurka ana riƙe su ne don amintar da jama'ar Amurka ta hannun gwamnatin tarayya kuma sun haɗa da kusan kadada miliyan 640, kusan 28% na jimlar ƙasar da ke da kadada biliyan 2.27. Kowane mutum, gami da waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba, na iya yin izini da sake yin doka a waɗannan ƙasashe bisa doka. Wannan galibi ana kiransa da samfurin Arewacin Amurka na kiyaye ƙasa. Ga wasu takamaiman manufofin jihar:
Kanada
Mafi yawan Kanada ƙasar Masarauta ce da larduna ke mallaka. Wasu ana yin hayar su don ayyukan kasuwanci, kamar su gandun daji ko hakar ma'adanai, amma a kan yawancin su akwai damar kyauta don ayyukan nishaɗi kamar yin yawo, hawan keke, kwale-kwale, wasan ƙetare ƙasa, hawa doki, da farauta mai lasisi da kamun kifi, da sauransu. A lokaci guda ana iya taƙaitawa ko iyakance saboda dalilai daban-daban (misali, don kare lafiyar jama'a ko albarkatu, gami da kariya ga shuke-shuke da dabbobi). A cikin sashen Kanada mallakar Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Kanada. An kirkiro wuraren shakatawa na ƙasar Kanada daga ƙasar Gwamnatin Tarayya tana gudanar dasu. Hakanan akwai wuraren shakatawa na lardi da wuraren ajiyar yanayi waɗanda aka halicce su kamar haka. Orasashen asali na Kanada na iya samun takamaiman haƙƙoƙi a kan Croasar Masarautar da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin da aka sanya wa hannu a lokacin da Kanada ta kasance masarautar Birtaniyya, kuma sun yi iƙirarin mallakar wasu Croasar Masarautar.
Ostiraliya
Kodayake a baya mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, Australiya kawai suna da iyakance damar zuwa ƙasar, a cewar Sydney Morning Herald. Koyaya, yawancin yankin Ostiraliya shine wnasar Masarauta, wanda jihohin Australiya ke gudanarwa, kuma yayin da yawancin wannan ya ƙunshi hayar makiyaya, da filaye mallakar mutanen Aboriginal (misali APY ƙasashe ), ana ba da izinin dama don dalilai na nishaɗi zuwa “alasar da ba a raba” landasar Masarauta ba; kodayake ana buƙatar motocin hawa su bi hanyoyi.
New Zealand
Akwai hanyoyin shiga jama'a da yawa a cikin New Zealand, gami da hanyoyin ruwa da bakin teku, amma "galibi ana rarrabashi kuma yana da wahalar ganowa".
"Sarkar Sarauniya" ra'ayi ne a cikin dokar mallakar mallakar New Zealand. Yankin fili ne na jama'a, yawanci mita 20 (ko sarkar ɗaya a ma'aunin awo) mai faɗi tare da rafuka, tabkuna da layin bakin teku. An tsara shi don hana ɓarkewar ƙasa ko kuma gefen ƙetaren da ba zai yiwu ga duk masu son siye shi ba. Theididdigar ba su cika ba kuma ainihin matsayinsu na zamani na iya zama mai rikitarwa don ƙayyadewa. Wadannan rarar suna nan ta hanyoyi daban-daban (gami da ajiyar hanya, rarar esplanade, esplanade tube, gefe gefe da kuma wasu nau'ikan tanadi daban daban) amma ba yawa ba kuma kamar yadda ake zato.
A shekara ta 2007 gwamnatin New Zealand ta sake duba haƙƙin damar jama'a don nishaɗin waje. Koyaya, ba kamar Kingdomasar Burtaniya ba, "Binciken na New Zealand ya ba da shawarar kada a ƙaru da haƙƙin jama'a don samun damar keɓaɓɓun abubuwa".
Sukar
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan haɓaka motsi da wadata ya sa yankunan da ba su da nisa a baya sun fi sauƙi kuma duk da cewa mawuyacin lahani ko lalacewa ba sabon abu ba ne, wasu nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari suna ta da damuwa, kuma wasu masu amfani da nishaɗi suna lalata tarkacensu.
Duba kuma
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