cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Contents
Economicungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi da Kuɗi ta Afirka ta Yamma (UEMOA) Duba kuma: CFA franc da Tattalin Arziƙi da ƙungiyar kuɗi UEMOA  WAMZ ECOWAS kawai (Cape Verde) Economicungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Afirka da Kuɗin Kuɗi ta Yammacin Afirka (WAEMU, wanda aka fi sani da UEMOA daga sunanta a Faransanci, Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine) ƙungiya ce ta mutane takwas, galibi ƙasashen yammacin Afirka masu amfani da harshen Faransanci a cikin ECOWAS, waɗanda aka mamaye ba haka ba. ta manyan masu nauyi kamar Najeriya da Ghana. An kafa ta ne don inganta haɗin tattalin arziki tsakanin ƙasashen da ke raba CFA franc a matsayin kuɗaɗen waje. UEMOA an kirkireshi ne ta wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a Dakar, Senegal, a ranar 10 ga Janairun 1994, daga shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatocin Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, da Togo. A ranar 2 ga Mayu 1997, Guinea-Bissau, tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Fotigal, ta zama memba na takwas (kuma kawai ba mara amfani da yaren Faransanci) UEMOA ƙungiya ce ta kwastan da haɗin kuɗin tsakanin mambobin ECOWAS. Manufofin ta sun hada da: Gasar tattalin arziki mafi girma, ta hanyar buɗe kasuwanni, ban da fa'ida da daidaita yanayin shari'a Haɗin manufofin tattalin arziƙi da alamomi Kirkirar kasuwa daya Daidaita manufofin bangarori Daidaita manufofin kasafin kudi Daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu, UEMOA ta sami nasarar aiwatar da ƙa'idodin haɗakar tattalin arziki da ingantacciyar hanyar sa ido. Ta karɓi ƙungiyar kwastan da jadawalin kuɗin fito na waje kuma ta haɗu da ƙa'idodin haraji kai tsaye, ban da ƙaddamar da manufofin yanki da ɓangarori. Wani bincike na IMF a watan Satumbar 2002 ya ambaci UEMOA a matsayin "mafi nisa a kan hanyar hadewa" na dukkan kungiyoyin yankin a Afirka. ECOWAS da UEMOA sun samar da tsari na bai daya game da sassaucin kasuwanci da hada-hadar manufofin tattalin arziki. Kungiyoyin sun kuma amince da ka'idoji iri daya na asali don bunkasa kasuwanci, sannan ECOWAS ta amince da daukar UEMOA tsarin kwastam da hanyoyin biyan diyya.
Membobinsu
Membobin su
Yankin Kuɗi na Yammacin Afirka.
Duba kuma: Eco (kudin) An kafa shi a 2000, Yankin Kuɗi na Yammacin Afirka (WAMZ) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasashe shida a cikin ECOWAS waɗanda ke shirin gabatar da kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗe da ake kira Eco.Kasashe shida mambobi na WAMZ sune Gambiya, Ghana, Guinea, Najeriya da Saliyo wadanda suka kafa kungiyar tare a shekarar 2000 da kuma Laberiya da ta shiga a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2010. Baya ga Guinea, wacce ita ce faransanci, dukkansu kasashe ne masu magana da Ingilishi. Tare da Mauritania, Guinea sun fita daga cikin kuɗin CFA na franc wanda duk sauran tsoffin mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka raba a Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka. WAMZ tayi ƙoƙari don kafa tsayayyen kuɗaɗe don yin takara da CFA franc, wanda kuɗin musayarsa yana da alaƙa da na euro kuma baitul malin Faransa ya tabbatar da hakan. Burin karshe shine don CFA franc da eco su haɗu, suna bawa dukkan Yammaci da Afirka ta Tsakiya kuɗi guda, tsayayye. Cibiyar ba da Lamuni ta Afirka ta Yamma ce da ke Accra, Ghana ke shirya bullo da sabon kudin.
Sufuri
Babban labarin: Jirgin ECOWAS Wani aikin Trans-ECOWAS, wanda aka kafa a 2007, yana shirin haɓaka hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa a wannan yankin.
Yawon shakatawa
A cikin 2019, ECOWAS ta bayyana Ecotour Action Plan 2019 - 2029. Yana mai da hankali ne kan kariya da bunƙasa al'adun yawon buɗe ido, da haɓaka ci gaban ƙa'idodi, ƙa'idodi da tsarin sarrafawa. Tsarin ya hada da shirye-shirye guda biyar don aiwatarwa, da kuma cikakkun hanyoyin hanyoyin sanya idanu da kimantawa. Ba a bunƙasa keɓaɓɓiyar fata ta musamman ba, amma duk da haka an ambata cewa shirin yana da damar ƙirƙirar alaƙa tsakanin cibiyoyi da haɗin gwiwar masu ruwa da tsaki, don dacewa da ayyukan ecotourism waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga al'umma, bambancin halittu, da zamantakewar tattalin arziki.
Duba kuma Tsarin katin launin ruwan kasa - tsarin inshorar mota na ECOWAS Africanungiyar Gabashin Afirka Tattalin Arzikin Afirka Hukumomin Gwamnati kan Cigaba Developmentungiyar Developmentasashen Afirka ta Kudu (SADC) Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (COMESA) Economicungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya (ECCAS)
Felix E. Addo
Felix E. Addo (an haife shi a shekara ta 1955) babban jami'in kasuwanci ne na Ghana kuma ƙwararren akawun gwamnati. Shi ne non-executive chairman na Guinness Ghana Breweries, tun a shekarar 2018. Kafin daukar wannan aiki, Addo ya kasance shugaban kamfanin man fetur na Ghana. Addo tsohon Babban Abokin Hulɗa na Ƙasa ne na PriceWaterhouseCoopers a Ghana kuma tsohon memba ne a Hukumar Mulki ta Afirka ta PwC.
Ƙuruciya da ilimi
Felix Addo ya yi karatu a Accra Academy da karatun sakandare daga shekarun 1968 zuwa 1975. Ya yi digirin farko a fannin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (Accounting option) daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Ghana sannan ya wuce Kwalejin Loyola, Maryland tare da yin Masters in Professional Accounting.
Sana'a
Felix Addo ya kasance a matsayin babban manaja a Pricewaterhouse Ghana a 1995 kuma ya shiga PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) a matsayin abokin tarayya a shekarar 1997 bayan sake tsari. Ya zama Country senior na PwC a Ghana a cikin watan Yuli 2009. Ya yi ritaya daga wannan aikin kuma a matsayinsa na memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na PwC Africa a watan Agusta 2015. Addo ya yi aiki a kan mallakar kamfani a Ashanti Goldfields Corporation da kuma bankin kasuwanci na Ghana a lokacin yana PwC. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba gwamnatin Ghana shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci na kamfanin Volta Aluminum.
Addo ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Gyaran Dokokin Kasuwanci na Kwararru wanda Samuel Date-Bah ya jagoranta wanda ya yi nazari kan Dokar Kamfanonin Ghana da Dokar Kamfanoni (Official Liquidation).
A shekarar 2014, an nada Addo a matsayin memba na majalisar shawara mai zaman kanta ta Kosmos Energy Ghana, reshen Kosmos Energy. Daga watan Fabrairu 2016 zuwa watan Janairu 2017, Addo ya kasance shugaban hukumar a Kamfanin Man Fetur na Ghana. A shekarar 2016, an naɗa shi darakta na kamfanin inshora na KEK kuma a halin yanzu shine shugaban hukumar. A cikin watan Janairu 2018, an nada Addo tare da Sam Jonah ta kamfanin fintech na Ghana, Payswitch, zuwa kwamitin gudanarwa mai mambobi hudu; tare da shugabannin kamfanoni biyu a matsayin sauran membobin hukumar.
A watan Satumba na 2018, Guinness Ghana ta nada Addo a matsayin wanda ba shi da shugaban kamfanin. Kafin wannan, ya kasance a matsayin darekta mara zartarwa na kamfanin tun watan Janairun 2017. Ya zama dan Ghana na farko da ya shugabanci hukumar Guinness Ghana (GGBL) tun bayan hadewar da aka yi tsakanin Guinness Ghana Limited (GGL) da Ghana Brewery Limited (GBL) a shekarar 2004.
Addo ya yi aiki a hukumar Standard Chartered Bank Ghana daga Agusta 2015 zuwa Yuni 2019. A shekarar 2019, Gwamnan Bankin Ghana ne ya nada shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga bankin zuba jari na kasa domin ya jagoranci aikin sake fasalin kasa.
A watan Fabrairun 2021, an zaɓi Addo a matsayin shugaban hukumar Scancom PLC (MTN Ghana).
A cikin Afrilu 2021, an nada Addo a matsayin mai gudanarwa na United Steel Company for liquidation.
Sauran ayyukan
Addo shi ne shugaban kungiyar masu ba da shawara ga masu ba da shawara na sake fasalin Ghana (GARIA).
Addo kuma shine Shugaban Emeritus na AIESEC Ghana – ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na duniya, ƙungiyoyin matasa.
Addo babban Jami'in Gudanarwa ne a Mazauni a Sashen Lissafi na Jami'ar Ghana. Har ila yau, mamba ne a Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jami'ar Ghana.
Shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Cibiyar Kasuwancin Ghana da Amurka.
Membobi
Yana da memba a Cibiyar Chartered Accountants, Ghana; Cibiyar Chartered Accountants-Sierra Leone da Cibiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Jama'a ta Amirka. Har ila yau, shi ne shugaban kungiyar masu ba da shawara kan sake fasalin kasar Ghana.
Asolo Duomo
Asolo Duomo (duomo di Asolo), ya kasan ce shine babban coci a cikin garin Asolo na ƙasar Italiya. Cikakken takensa shine Provostorial and Collegiate Church of St Mary of the Assumption ( chiesa prepositurale e collegiata di Santa Maria Assunta ). Yana da wani provostorial Ikklesiya coci da kuma wurin zama na wani vicariate na diocese na Treviso. An ba ta matsayi na kwaleji a cikin 1959, lokacin da aka ba ta ikon kirkirar kundin kansi da girmamawa wanda wani shugabanta ke jagoranta, wanda shi ma firist din Ikklesiya ne.
Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali (sunan yanka Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Watan Janairu, shekarar 1942 ya rasu; a ranar 3 ga Watan yuni ,shekarar 2016) dan wasan dambe ne dan kasar Amurika. Yana daga cikin manyan yan damben duniya. a shekarar 1999, muhimmiyar mujallar wasanni ta bawa Muhammad Ali matsayin babban dan wasa na karni. yadau gasar damben masu nauyi matakin karshe a duniya har sau uku. Hakanam ma Ali ya yacinye gwal a gasar wasanni ta Olympics a shekara ta 1960 a birnin Roma. Ana ganin Ali da muhimmancin gaske.
Tarihin rayuwa
Muhammad Ali ya shiga Musulunci a shekarar 1960.
Muhammad Ali yayi aure sau hudu ne a rayuwar sa. Kuma yana da yaya mata bakwai da maza biyu.
A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba ,shekarar 2014, Aka kai Ali asibiti. A Janairu 15, 2015 aka sake maisasshe shi. Kashe gari aka sallame shi.
Lafiya da rasuwa
An samu Ali yana dauke da cutar ':Parkinson's disease''. Ali ya rasu Yunk 3, 2016, yana da shekaru 74.
__LEAD_SECTION__
Muhammad Ali ;  an haife shi Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr .;  a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu,shekarata alif 1942 zuwa ranar 3 ga watan Yuni shekarata alif 2016),ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmaya. A shekarar 1999, ana kirashi daSportsman of the Century daga Sports Illustrated da kuma Sports Personality of the Century daga BBC.
An haifeshi Kuma ya girma a Louisville, Kentucky, ya fara horarwa a matsayin maison dambe a shekara 12. Ya musulunta bayan shekarar 1961. Ya lashe gasar zakarun ajin masu nauyi na duniya, inda ya doke Sonny Liston a wani babban bacin rai a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarata alif 1964, yana da shekaru 22. A lokacin wannan shekarun, ya soki/la'anta sunansa na haihuwa a matsayin"slave name" dakuma bisa ka'ida na canza sunanshi zuwa Muhammad Ali.
West Salem, Ohio
West Salem ƙauye ne a gundumar Wayne, Ohio. Yawan jama'a ya kai 1,464 a lokacin ƙidayar 2010. West Salem reshe ne na Library na Jama'a na County Wayne yana hidima. Fitaccen waƙar tseren tseren Dragway 42 tana nan kusa.
Tarihi
An kafa West Salem a cikin 1834.
Geography
West Salem yana a40.97167°N, -82.10972°W (40.971656, -82.109731).
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, ƙauyen yana da 1.09 sqmi, duk ta kasa.
ƙidayar 2010
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2010, akwai mutane 1,464, gidaje 558, da iyalai 393 da ke zaune a ƙauyen. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance 1343.1 PD/sqmi. Akwai rukunin gidaje 620 a matsakaicin yawa na 568.8 /sqmi. Tsarin launin fata na ƙauyen ya kasance 97.8% Fari, 0.1% Ba'amurke, 0.1% Ba'amurke, 1.0% daga sauran jinsi, da 1.0% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 2.1% na yawan jama'a.
Magidanta 558 ne, kashi 38.7% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 48.0% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 14.2% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 8.2% na da mai gida ba tare da matar aure ba. kuma 29.6% ba dangi bane. Kashi 23.7% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 7.7% na da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.62 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.00.
Tsakanin shekarun ƙauyen ya kai shekaru 37.1. 27.1% na mazauna kasa da shekaru 18; 8% sun kasance tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 24; 27% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 27.2% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 10.9% sun kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Tsarin jinsi na ƙauyen ya kasance 50.6% na maza da 49.4% mata.
Ƙididdigar 2000
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 1,501, gidaje 573, da iyalai 389 da ke zaune a ƙauyen. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 1,453.1 a kowace murabba'in mil ( 2 /km2). Akwai rukunin gidaje 620 a matsakaicin yawa na 600.2 a kowace murabba'in mil (232.4/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the village was 97.34% White, 0.13% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.93% na yawan jama'a.
Akwai gidaje 573, daga cikinsu kashi 39.6% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 51.7% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 12.2% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 32.1% kuma ba iyali ba ne. 27.2% na duk gidaje sun kasance na mutane ne, kuma 10.3% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko fiye. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.62 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.19.
A cikin ƙauyen, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 31.0% 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18, 7.5% daga 18 zuwa 24, 32.8% daga 25 zuwa 44, 19.3% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 9.5% waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko kuma mazan. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 32. Ga kowane mace 100 akwai maza 100.1. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 96.2.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a ƙauyen shine $36,563, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $41,250. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $31,393 sabanin $20,947 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na ƙauyen shine $14,309. Kusan 6.4% na iyalai da 7.9% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 8.2% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 11.0% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
Mutanen Ijaw
Mutanen Ijaw (waɗanda kuma ƙananan ƙungiyoyi suka sani "Ijo" ko " Izon ") mutane ne a yankin Niger Delta a Najeriya, suna zaune ne a jihohin Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa (asalin Kasar su ta asali), Delta, Edo, Ondo, da kuma jihar Ribas. Yawancinsu ana samun su masunta ne a sansanoni har zuwa yammacin Saliyo har zuwa Gabon. Adadin mutanen Ijaws ya banbanta matuka, miliyan 3.7. Sun daɗe suna rayuwa a wurare kusa da yawancin hanyoyin kasuwancin teku, kuma suna da alaƙa da sauran yankuna a sanadiyyar kasuwanci tun farkon ƙarni na 15.
Harshe
Ijaw suna magana ne da yarukan Niger-Congo masu alaƙa da tara, dukansu na reshen Ijoid na itacen Niger-Congo. Bangaren farko tsakanin yarukan Ijo shine tsakanin Gabas Ijo da Yammacin Ijo, mafi mahimmancin tsoffin rukunin harsunan shine Izon, wanda kusan mutane miliyan biyar ke magana dashi.
Akwai manyan rukuni biyu na yaren Izon. Na farko, wanda ake kira da Yammacin ko Izon (Ijaw) ya ƙunshi masu magana da Yammacin Ijaw: Tuomo Clan, Egbema, Ekeremor, Sagbama (Mein), Bassan, Apoi, Arogbo, Boma (Bumo), Kabo (Kabuowei), Ogboin, Tarakiri, da Kolokuma-Opokuma. Yarukan Nembe, Brass da Akassa (Akaha) suna wakiltar Kudu maso gabashin Ijo (Izon). Yarukan Buseni da Okordia ana daukar su Inland Ijo.
Sauran manyan rukunin yaren Ijaw sune Kalabari. Ana ɗaukar Kalabari a matsayin yare na Ijaw na Gabas amma kalmar "Ijaw ta Gabas" ba ita ce sabawa doka ba. Kalabari sunan daya daga cikin kabilun Ijaw ne da ke zaune a gabashin yankin Neja-Delta (Abonnema, Buguma, Bakana, Degema da sauransu) wadanda suka kafa wata kungiya a jihar Ribas, Sauran kabilun Ijaw na "Gabas" su ne Abua, Andoni, Okrika, Ibani (yan asalin Bonny, Finima da Opobo), da Nkoroo. Makwabta ne ga mutanen Kalabari a cikin jihar Ribas ta yanzu, Najeriya.
Sauran ƙungiyoyin masu alaƙa da Ijaw waɗanda suke da yarurruka daban daban amma dangi na kud da kud, alakar gargajiya da yankuna tare da sauran Ijaw sune Epie-Atissa, Engenni (wanda ake kira da ggɛnè), da Degema (wanda ake kira Udekama ko Udekaama). Dangin Ogbia, da mazaunan Bukuma da Abuloma ( Obulom ).
Ƙabilu
Ƙabilar Ijaw ta ƙunshi dangogin dangi 51. Kasancewa daga cikin wadannan dangin ya dogara ne da layin dangi, al'adun gargajiya da na addini, da kuma tarbiyya.
Ayyukan gargajiya
Ijaws na datya daga cikin mutanen Najeriya na farko da suka fara cudanya da Turawan Yamma, kuma sun kasance masu fafutuka ta cinikin bayi tsakanin Turawa masu ziyara da al'umman cikin gida, musamman a zamanin da aka gano quinine, lokacin da Afirka ta Yamma. har yanzu ana kiranta da "Makabartar Farin Mutum" saboda kasancewar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Wasu daga cikin layin dangin dangi da suka samo asali tsakanin Ijaws sun haɓaka zuwa manyan kamfanoni waɗanda aka san su da "gidaje"; kowane gida yana da zaɓaɓɓen shugaba da kuma jiragen ruwa na jiragen ruwa don amfani da su wajen kare kasuwanci da yaƙi da abokan hamayya. Sauran sana'o'in da suka fi yawa a tsakanin 'yan kabilar Ijaws sun kasance masunta da noma.
Kasancewar mu mutane ne na tekun, Ijawa da yawa sun kasance cikin aikin jigilar jigilar kayayyaki a farkon da tsakiyar karni na 20 (kafin samun yancin kan Najeriya). Tare da fara binciken mai da iskar gas a yankin su, wasu suna aiki a wannan ɓangaren. Sauran manyan sana'o'in suna cikin ma'aikatun gwamnati na jihohin Bayelsa da Ribas inda suka fi yawa.
Yankunan Gwamnatin Jiha wadanda suka dauki nauyin karatun kasashen waje a cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980 sun kuma haifar da kasancewar kwararrun kwararrun Ijaw a Turai da Arewacin Amurka (waɗanda ake kira Ijaw yan kasashen waje). Wani abin da ke taimakawa ga wannan jirgi na ɗan adam shi ne mummunan talaucin da ake fama da shi a ƙasarsu ta Neja Delta, sakamakon rashin kulawa da gwamnatin Nijeriya da kamfanonin mai ke yi shekaru da dama duk da ci gaba da haƙo man fetur a wannan yankin tun daga shekarun 1950.
Rayuwa
A Ijaw mutane ne masu rayuwa ta kama kifi suna goyon bayan da noma Paddy - shinkafa, plantains, Rogo, yams, cocoyams, ayaba da sauran kayan lambu, kazalika da wurare masu zafi da 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar guava, mangoes da pineapples. da ciniki. Smoke-bushe kifi, katako, dabino mai da dabino kernels ake sarrafa don fitarwa. Yayin da wasu dangi (wadanda suke gabas - Akassa, Nembe, Kalabari, Okrika da Bonny ) suke da sarakuna masu karfi da kuma rarrabuwar al'umma, ana jin cewa sauran dangi ba su da wata kungiyar hadin kai har zuwa lokacin da Turawan Ingila suka zo. Koyaya, saboda tasirin masarautar da ke makwabtaka da kowane yanki na yankin Neja Delta har ila yau yana da shugabanni da gwamnatoci a matakin kauye.
Ana kammala aure ne ta hanyar biyan kuɗin sadakin amarya, wanda ke ƙara girma idan amaryar ta kasance daga wani kauye (don biyan diyyar wannan kauye na 'ya'yanta). Bukukuwan jana'iza, musamman ga waɗanda suka tara dukiya da girmamawa, galibi abin ban mamaki ne. Ayyukan addini na gargajiya sun kasance a kusa da "Ruhun ruwa" a cikin kogin Neja, kuma don girmama magabata.
Addini da al'adu
Duk da cewa yanzu Ijaw mabiya addinin kirista ne (65% suna ikirarin su ne), tare da Katolika na Roman Katolika, Anglikan da Pentikostal sune ire-iren Kiristanci da suka fi yawa a tsakanin su, amma kuma sun bayyana al'adun gargajiya na gargajiya da nasu. Bautar kakanni tana da muhimmiyar rawa a addinin gargajiya na Ijaw, yayin da ruhun ruhohi, wanda aka fi sani da Owuamapu ya shahara sosai a cikin yankin Ijaw. Bugu da kari, Ijaw suna yin wani sihiri da ake kira Igbadai, wanda a kwanan nan ake yiwa mutanen da suka mutu tambayoyi kan musabbabin mutuwarsu. Akidun addinan Ijaw sun yarda cewa ruhohin ruwa kamar mutane suke da samun ƙarfi da gazawarsu, kuma mutane suna zama tare da ruhohin ruwa kafin a haifesu. Matsayin addua a tsarin imani na gargajiya na Ijaw shine kula da rayuwa cikin kyawawan ruhohin ruwansu wanda suka zauna tsakanin su kafin a haife su cikin wannan duniyar, kuma kowace shekara Ijaw suna gudanar da bukukuwa don girmama ruhohin da ke tsawan kwanaki. . Babban abin da ke cikin bikin shi ne rawar kwalliya, inda maza ke sanye da kayan aiki masu kyau da maski wanda aka sassaka rawa suna ta rawa don buga ganguna da kuma nuna tasirin ruhun ruwa ta hanyar inganci da tsananin rawar su. Musamman masu ban mamaki masu daukar hoto ana daukar su don kasancewa a hannun wasu ruhohin da suke rawa a madadin su.
A Ijaw suna kuma aka sani gudanar da aiki na al'ada acculturation ( enculturation ), inda wani mutum daga wani daban-daban, da alaqa kungiyar shigarsu ayyukan hajji zama Ijaw. Misalin wannan shi ne Jaja na Opobo, bawan Ibo wanda ya tashi ya zama babban sarki Ibani a cikin karni na 19.
Hakanan akwai wasu adadi kalilan na waɗanda suka musulunta, wadanda suka fi shahara shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Delta Delta Volunteer Force, Mujahid Dokubo-Asari. Jeremiah Omoto Fufeyin da Edwin K. Clarke sun fito ne daga kabilar Ijaw. Sauran fitattun shugabanni daga ƙabilar Ijaw sun hada da tsohon shugaban ƙasar Najeriya, Goodluck Jonathan da Heineken Lokpobiri da sauransu.
Kwastomomin abinci
Kamar yawancin kabilun Najeriya, Ijaws suna da abinci na gida da yawa wadanda basu yadu a Najeriya ba. Yawancin waɗannan abinci sun haɗa da kifi da sauran kayan cin abinci. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan abincin sune:
Asalin ƙabila
Da shirya zuwa dama sako-sako da gungu na kauyuka ( confederacies ) wanda hadin guiwa don kare kansu bare, Ijaw ƙara duba kansu kamar yadda na ga guda jiwuwa al'umma, ciri daidai da dangantaka da harshen da al'adu. Wannan halayyar an karfafa ta da yawa daga abin da ake ganin gurbacewar muhalli ne wadanda suka hada da amfani da mai a yankin Neja Delta wanda 'yan kabilar Ijaw ke kira gida, da kuma tsarin raba kudaden shiga da Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya da ake kallo. ta Ijaw a matsayin rashin adalci. Abin da ya haifar da korafin ya haifar da rikice-rikice da dama da manyan hukumomin Tarayyar Najeriya, ciki har da sace-sacen mutane kuma a yayin da aka rasa rayuka da dama. Mutanen Ijaw suna da juriya da girman kai. Tun da daɗewa bayan zamanin mulkin mallaka, mutanen Ijaw sun yi balaguro ta jiragen ruwa da kwale-kwale zuwa Kamaru, Ghana da wasu ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma. Sunyi tafiya zuwa Kogin Niger daga Kogin Nun.
Rikicin Ijaw-Itsekiri
Ɗaya daga cikin rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci daga bangaren Ijaw shi ne karuwar adadi da tsananin rikici tsakanin tsagerun Ijaw da waɗanda suka fito daga garin Itsekiri, musamman a garin Warri.
Mummunan rikice-rikice sun girgiza yankin Kudu maso Kudu, musamman a Jihar Delta, inda kashe-kashen ƙabilanci ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar bangarorin biyu. A watan Yulin 2013, ‘yan sandan yankin sun gano gawarwakin mutane 13 na Itsekiris da Ijaws suka kashe, kan takaddama a kan dan takarar shugaban karamar hukumar. Yawancin kauyukan Itsekiri, da suka hada da Gbokoda, Udo, Ajamita, Obaghoro da Ayerode-Zion da ke kusa da kogin Benin, sun kone yayin da wasu Itsekiris da dama suka rasa rayukansu.
Rikicin mai
Taron Dukan Matasan Ijaw na Disamba 1998 ya faɗiɗa gwagwarmaya tare da kafa Movementungiyar Matasan Ijaw (IYM) da kuma bayar da sanarwar Kaiama. A ciki, damuwar da aka dade ana yi a Ijaw game da rasa ikon mallakar mahaifarsu da rayukansu ga kamfanonin mai sun kasance tare da sadaukar da kai tsaye. A cikin sanarwar, da kuma a wata wasika ga kamfanonin, Ijaws sun yi kira ga kamfanonin mai su dakatar da ayyukansu kuma su fice daga yankin Ijaw. IYM ta yi alkawarin “gwagwarmaya cikin lumana don‘ yanci, cin gashin kai da adalci na muhalli, ”kuma sun shirya kamfen na biki, addu’a, da aiki kai tsaye‘ Canjin Canjin Yanayi ’daga 28 ga Disamba, 1998.
A watan Disambar 1998, jiragen ruwan yaki guda biyu da sojojin Najeriya dubu 10 zuwa 15,000 suka mamaye jihohin Bayelsa da Delta yayin da kungiyar Ijaw Youth Movement (IYM) ke shirin yin canjin yanayi. Sojoji da ke shiga babban birnin jihar Bayelsa na Yenagoa sun sanar da cewa sun zo ne domin su far wa matasan da ke kokarin tsayar da kamfanonin mai. A safiyar ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1998, matasa dubu biyu suka yi aiki a cikin Yenagoa, sanye da baƙar fata, suna waƙa da rawa. Sojoji sun bude wuta da bindigogi, da bindigogi, da hayaki mai sa hawaye, inda suka kashe akalla masu zanga-zanga uku tare da kame wasu ashirin da biyar. Bayan wata zanga-zangar neman a saki wadanda aka tsare sojoji sun juya baya, an sake kashe wasu masu zanga-zangar uku. An kona shugaban 'yan tawayen Yenagoa - Cif Oweikuro Ibe- da ransa a gidansa da ke 28 ga Disamba, 1998. Daga cikin danginsa da suka tsere daga harabar kafin a gama lalata shi har da dansa, Desmond Ibe. Sojoji sun ayyana dokar ta baci a duk fadin jihar Bayelsa, sun sanya dokar hana fita zuwa wayewar gari, da kuma hana tarurruka. A shingen shingen sojoji, an buge mazaunan yankin da ƙarfi ko tsare su. Da dare, sojoji sun mamaye gidajen mutane, suna tsoratar da mazauna garin da duka da mata da 'yan mata da fyaɗe.
A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 1999 kimanin sojoji dari daga sansanin soja da ke Chevron ’s Escravos sun kai hari kan Opia da Ikiyan, al’ummomin Ijaw biyu a Jihar Delta. Bright Pablogba, shugaban gargajiyar Ikiyan, wanda ya zo kogin don tattaunawa da sojoji, an harbe shi tare da yarinya 'yar shekara bakwai da kuma wasu da dama. Daga cikin kimanin mutane 1,000 da ke zaune a kauyukan biyu, an gano mutane hudu sun mutu kuma sittin da biyu sun bata wasu watanni bayan harin. Haka nan sojoji suka banka wa kauyukan wuta, suka lalata kwale-kwale da kayayyakin kamun kifi, suka kashe dabbobi, suka lalata majami'u da wuraren bautar addini.
Duk da haka, Canjin Canjin Yanayi ya ci gaba, kuma ya katse samar da mai a Nijeriya ta hanyar yawancin 1999 ta hanyar kashe bawuloli ta yankin Ijaw. Dangane da babban rikici tsakanin Ijaw da Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya (da ‘yan sanda da sojoji), sojoji sun aiwatar da kisan gillar Odi, inda suka kashe da yawa idan ba daruruwan Ijawa ba.
Ayyukan baya-bayan nan da Ijaws suka yi game da masana'antar mai sun haɗa da sabon ƙoƙari na aiwatar da tashin hankali da kai hare-hare kan wuraren shigar da mai amma ba tare da asarar rayukan ɗan adam ga ma'aikatan mai na waje ba duk da kame-kamen. Waɗannan hare-haren galibi martani ne ga rashin cika su daga kamfanonin mai na yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna tare da al'ummomin da suka ƙarni baƙuncinsu.
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
5.35°N, 5.50833°W<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"> 5.35°N, 5.50833°W
Sidi Harzem Bath Complex
Sidi Harzem Bath Complex wani katafaren wurin shakatawa ne na zafi a Sidi Harzem, kusa da birnin Fez, Maroko. Gidauniyar CDG ce ta mallaka. Jean-François Zevaco ne ya tsara shi a tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1975.
Suya
Suya ko Tsire nama ne mai yaji wanda sanannen abinci ne a yammacin Afirka. Ana kuma ci a Sudan, ana kiranta da "Agashe". Ana yin Suya ne da naman sa, rago, ko kaza. Hakanan ana amfani da ciki kamar koda, hanta da tagulla. Yankakken yankakken naman ana daka shi da kayan kamshi daban-daban wadanda suka hada da wainar gyada, gishiri, man kayan marmari da sauran kayan kamshi, sannan a barbecue. Ana hadawa Suya da karin taimako na busasshen barkono da aka hada da kayan kamshi da yankakken albasa. Ana amfani da hanyoyin shirya naman halal ne, musamman a yankunan arewacin Najeriya, inda aka san rashin dacewa da haramcin abincin musulmi a shirin Suya na haddasa tarzoma. Busashen Suya ana kiransa Kilishi. Ana iya ci da Garri ko Ogi. Babu daidaitaccen girke-girke na samar da hadadden cakuda kayan yaji da abubuwan da suka hada da suya marinade (wanda ake kira Yaji) da kayan yaji da aka yi amfani da su. Sinadaran na iya bambanta dangane da abubuwan da ake so na mutum da na yanki.
Duk da cewa Suya ta samo asali ne daga sassan Arewacin Najeriya, amma ta shiga cikin al’ummar Najeriya, tana da araha ga kowa da kowa kuma a ko’ina. An kira shi wani abu mai haɗa kai a Najeriya. Suya ya zama abincin Najeriya da yankuna daban-daban da ke ikirarin fifikon girke-girke da hanyoyin shirya su, amma irin gasasshen nama ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin kasashen yammacin Afirka.
Obi (Nijeriya)
Obi daya ce daga cikin kananan hukumomin jihar Benue dake a shiyar tsakiyar Nijeriya.
Banu Hashim
Tarihi
Daga cikin Larabawan da suka gabaci Islama, mutane suna sanya kansu bisa ga kabilan su, dangin su, sannan gidan su / dangin su. Akwai manyan nau'ikan kabila guda biyu: Adnanites (waɗanda suka fito daga dAN ADAM, kakannin kakannin larabawan arewa, tsakiya da yammacin Larabawa) da kuma Qahtanites (waɗanda suka samo asali daga Qahtan, kakannin gargajiyar Larabawan kudu da gabashin Larabawa). Banu Hashim daya ne daga cikin dangin kabilar kuraishawa, kuma kabilar Adnan ce. Ya samo sunan ne daga Hashim bn Abd Manaf, kakan-kakan Muhammad, kuma tare da Banu Abd Shams, Banu Al-Muttalib, da dangin Banu Nawfal sun hada da Banu Abd al-Manaf na Kuraishawa.
Gidan Abdul-Muttalib na Banu Hashim ya kunshi manyan mutane a Makka kafin musulinci. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga aikinsu na gado don zama a matsayin wakilai da masu kula da mahajjatan da ke zuwa Makkah] don yin sujada a [[Kaaba, gidan ibada mai alfarma wanda a al'adar Musulunci Ibda ɗansa na fari kuma magajinsa Ismail ne suka gina shi. ) ya kasance wurin bautar Tauhidi.
Da lokaci, ɗaruruwan gumaka sun mamaye Ka'aba. Ziyartar wadannan gumakan ta hanyar kabilu daban-daban ya haifar da zirga-zirgar kasuwanci wacce ta kara yawan dukiyar 'yan kasuwar Makka, wanda kuma ya ci gajiyar matsayinta wanda ke sa hanyoyin safarar daga yama (Arabia Felix) har zuwa kasuwannin Bahar Rum.
A cikin gidan 'Abd al-Muttalib na Banu Hashim na Kuraishawa aka haifi Muhammad. Tun yana dan shekara 40, kafuwar addinin Musulunci ya sanya shi fada da manyan kasashen da ke Makka. Kasancewarsa na 'gidan sama, na babban dangi' (dangane da martaba da iko) wani al'amari ne (kamar yadda addinin Musulunci ya tanada) ta inda Allah ya tsare shi daga kisan gilla a farkon shekarun aikinsa, kamar yadda 'yan uwan mahaifinsa ba za su ga irin wannan cin fuska ga abin da ake kira girmama dangi ba. Bayan shekaru 13, al'ummar Musulmin Makka suka yi hijira (suka yi Hijrah ) zuwa garin Yathrib (wanda daga baya aka san shi da suna Madina) don guje wa fitinar kisan gillar da marasa imani na Makka ke musu. Tare da mamayan Makka, sojojin Musulunci sun kame garin. An tsarkake Kaabah daga gumaka kuma ya zama cibiyar hajji ga musulmai, ya sake zama cibiyar tsarkakakken tauhidi na Ibrahim. (Haramtacce ne ga wadanda ba musulmi ba su shiga yankin da aka sanya shi kusa da garin Makka).
Maïmouna Gueye
Maïmouna Gueye Fall ƴar ƙasar Senegal ce kuma ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Franco - Sénégalese. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a fina-finan The Climb, Payoff, Cuties, Bacon on the Side.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Bayan aure tare da wani Bafaranshe, ta tafi Faransa a 1998. Duk da haka, bayan ƴan watanni, ta rabu da ita bayan fuskantar wariyar launin fata da rashin fahimta daga mijin. Bayan mutuwar auren ta, ta koma Paris.
Banu Hashim
Tarihi
Manyan layukan zuriyar Muhammad su ne na jikokinsa guda biyu, Al-Hasan da, waɗanda aka haifa ta haɗin kan 'yarsa [|Fatimah]] da dan uwansa kuma surukin Ali. Muhammad ya roki kaunar musulmai akan jikokinsa, saboda haka zuriyarsu sun zama masu kishin addini a tsakanin musulmai. An san zuriyar Banu Hashim da laƙibin Sayyid, Syed da Sharif.
Marion Coutts
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Marion Coutts a Najeriya kuma ya girma a Burtaniya.Iyayenta ministocin Salvation Army ne waɗanda ta yi balaguro da yawa tare da su. Cocin da suka halarta yana da al'adar kiɗa mai ƙarfi wanda ke ƙarfafa 'yan mata su yi kidan tagulla,kuma suna da shekaru 10 Coutts sun fara buga ƙaho don ƙungiyar Ceto mai girma.
Banu Hashim
Tarihi
A cikin 19th Century CE, don kokarin warware rikice rikicen da ke tattare da zuriyar Muhammadu, |Khalifofin]] Ottoman sun yi ƙoƙari don yin irin na Almanach de Gotha (jerin sunayen manyan gidajen Turai) don nuna sanannun layukan zuriya. Kodayake ba a cika 100% cikakke ba a cikin tasirin sakamakon Kitab al-Ashraf (Littafin Sharifai), wanda aka ajiye a Fadar Topkapı da ke Istanbul shine ɗayan mafi kyawun tushen shaidar zuriyar Muhammad. Alids (kalmar da aka ba zuriyar Muhammadu ta hanyar 'yarsa Fatima da Ali) layin zuriyar sun samar sau da yawa, daulolin da ke mulki na yanzu (da masu zuwa) a duk faɗin mulkin Islama, daga cikin waɗannan tsayuwa:
Maïmouna Gueye
Sana'a
Bayan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, ta ƙarshe ta fito a cikin sinima tare da rawar farko a fim ɗin Payoff a 2003. Daga baya ta zama jagora a cikin fim din Touristes? Oh iya! Jean-Pierre Mocky ne ya jagoranci a cikin 2004.
Marion Coutts
Rayuwar farko
Iyalin Coutts sun zauna a Landan sannan Scotland inda ta ci gaba da zuwa kwaleji, inda ta sami BA a Fine Art a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Edinburgh daga 1982 zuwa 1986.
Maïmouna Gueye
Sana'a
Ita ce ta kafa 'Afrokids', ƙungiyar nishaɗin yara wacce ke ba da zane-zane, karatu, raye-raye, ba da labari, da tarukan DIY.
Banu Hashim
Dauloli
Wadannan Royal da na mallaka dauloli da'awar Saukowarsa daga Hashim:
Marion Coutts
Kiɗa
While attending college,Coutts joined an improvisational musical project called Volunteer Slavery.Named after an album by Rahsaan Roland Kirk,the group consisted of three men and three women who"mostly banged on things,"including guitars,oil drums,and other percussion. Coutts played trumpet and another woman played sax,and their first gig was a benefit in support of the UK miners' strike.The group persisted for a year-and-a-half without writing any formal songs, though a demo tape was recorded and has resurfaced on the internet.
Banu Hashim
Dauloli
Arabiya
Marion Coutts
Kare ya fuskanci Hermans
A cikin 1986 mambobi uku na Bautar Sa-kai sun so su ci gaba da kasancewa ƙungiya mai mahimmanci,kuma Coutts sun nuna sha'awar zama mawaƙinsu.Sun sanya wa kansu suna Dog Faced Hermans,bayan wani bayani da ba a sani ba a cikin wani fim na Frankenstein,kuma sun fara rarraba waƙar su zuwa gajarta, waƙoƙin sauri waɗanda har yanzu suna kiyaye wasu abubuwan gwaji na Bautar Sa-kai.Baya ga rubutawa da rera waƙoƙi,Coutts ta buga kararrawa kuma ta ƙara ƙahonta,tana ba ƙungiyar sauti na musamman.
Robert Sturdy
Robert Sturdy (an haife shi 22 Yuni 1944, a birnin Wetherby, West Riding na Yorkshire ) ɗan siyasan Biritaniya ne, kuma tsohon Memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) na yankin Gabashin Ingila na Jam'iyyar Conservative. Ya rike matsayin tun daga 1999 zuwa 2014. Kafin nan, ya kasance MEP na Cambridge da Bedfordshire North, daga 1994 zuwa 1999.
Marion Coutts
Kare ya fuskanci Hermans
Kare ya fuskanci Hermans ya zagaya Burtaniya kuma ya fitar da wasu bayanan har sai ya koma Amsterdam a 1989.A cikin wannan lokacin,Coutts ya yi shekara guda a Poland a kan tallafin karatu na Majalisar Burtaniya don halartar Makarantar Jiha don Fasaha a Wroclaw Poland.A cikin 1990 ta sake shiga ƙungiyar ta a Netherlands,kuma ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da fitar da wasu albam huɗu. Sun zagaya Turai da Arewacin Amurka kafin a watse a cikin 1995 tare da mambobi daban-daban da suka watsu zuwa sabbin ayyuka a duniya.Coutts ta koma Burtaniya don ta mai da hankali kan fasaharta.
Banu Hashim
Dauloli
Afirka
Robert Sturdy
Sturdy ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Ashville mai zaman kanta. Kafin a zabe shi ya kasance manomi kuma tsohon shugaban karamar hukuma na Young Farmers.
Ɗansa, Julian Sturd, Dan majalisa ne na Conservative a mazabar York Outer.
Vandeikya
Vandeikya daya ce daga cikin kananan hukumomin jihar Benue dake a shiyar tsakiyar Nijeriya.
49-p
49-P hanyace ta gudanar da ka'idojin zabe, wanda a ka Ƙirƙira a shekarar 1961. 49-p ana anfani dashi ne idan ɗan kasa wanda baya gari yazo kada kuri'ansa sai akayi rashin saah wani yayi me an ma ta bayan fage to za ayi anfani da wannan ka'ida ta 49-p. Ta yanda za a dawo ma dan kasa kuri an sa sannan ya kada kuri an sa.
Ka'idojin Zaben
Ka idojin zabe ne na kasar Indiya. Wacce tafara kawo wa a shekara ta 1961 wanda yakasance haryanzu ana anfani da wannan ka ida na zaben kasar.
Banu Hashim
Dauloli
Gabashin Asiya
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Tarihin zuriyar Hashemite Banu Abbas. https://bani-alabbas.com/
HM
HM ko hm na iya nufin to:
Marion Coutts
Sauran bayyanar
Coutts kuma ya yi rikodin a kan sakewa tare da kungiyoyin kiɗa na Dutch The Ex, Instant Composers Pool, da Dull Schicksal;tare da kungiyoyin Burtaniya Spaceheads da Honkies;tare da {ungiyar {asar Amirka,Allah ne Mataimakina a kan Zama na Peel na 1994,kuma tare da Tom Cora.Bayan hutun kiɗan,ta yi rikodin a kan waƙoƙin haɗawa biyu,amma ba a taɓa jin fitowar kiɗan daga gare ta ba tun 1998.
Fasahar gani
Coutts an san ta da fim ɗin da ba na layi ba da salon bidiyo,sau da yawa ana haɗa shi da sassaka don ƙirƙirar shigarwa mai zurfi, wani lokaci tare da abubuwan da ke gayyatar masu kallo don shiga cikin aikin. Domin Fresh Air na 1999ta gina saitin tebur na ping-pong guda uku ba bisa ka'ida ba,wanda ya kwafi taswirar Battersea na London,Regent's,da Hyde Park,kowanne ya raba ta hanyar gidan wasan tennis. A wannan shekarar Eclipse ya ɗauki ƙaramin lambun lambun da ke cike da hazo na wucin gadi,daidai a Gidan Gasworks na London.Majalisar 2000 ta ɗora fim ɗin tauraro mai yawo akan lectern katako.A cikin Decalogue na shekara ta 2001,Coutts ya ƙera saiti na tenpin tare da kowane Dokoki Goma.
Ƙungiyar Cult ta 2002 ta yi kira ga masu kallo da su matse tsakanin tsarin ginshiƙai na rectangular kuma su kalli idanun wani baƙar fata mai maƙarƙashiya a kan masu kallon bidiyo tara.Artforum ya ce,"Cult ta haifar da da'irar dutse na tarihi da kuma zane-zanen cat na Masar - a tsohuwar Masar,allahn cat Bastet ita ce mataimaki na farin cikin iyali."Da farko shigar a London's Chisendale Gallery,da gallery ya bayyana aikin:"Mai kallo ya fara sanin ƙungiyar daga nesa,allon saka idanu yana samar da tushen haske kawai.Motsawa kan dandamali kuma a tsakanin allo,ana sanar da baƙi cewa kowane cat yana motsi,amma da kyar.Daga kowane matsayi, biyu ko uku ne kawai daga cikin fuskokin kuliyoyi ke gani. Kowanne kyanwa yakan shiga zagaye na budewa da rufe idanunsu,na farkawa da barci kuma kowace zagayowar ta kasance ba tare da daidaitawa da makwabta ba."Coutts ta nemi tsohon Dog Faced Hermans guitarist Andy Moor don ya zira kwallaye da yawa daga cikin gajerun fina-finanta.Shot on super-8,fim dinta na 2000 Epic ya biyo bayan balaguron doki mai girman rayuwa yayin da ake bi da shi a cikin birnin Rome.2002's Babu Mugun Tauraro,mai suna don rabin na biyu na sanannen palindrome,ya nuna makusantan tsutsotsi masu rai da ke mamaye garin yumbu.Moor kuma ya zira kwallaye ashirin da shida Things, fim din da Coutts ya ƙunshi kayan tarihi da Henry Wellcome ya tattara wanda ita kanta ba a taɓa yarda ta taɓa ba.
Rayuwa ta sirri da koyarwa
A cikin 1996 Coutts sun kammala Makarantar Fasaha ta London / Cibiyar Ilimi"Masu fasaha a Makarantu"Shirin Koyarwa kuma sun sami Takaddun Takaddun Ilimin Manyan Malamai na Birni da Guilds a 1997.Daga 1996 zuwa 1999 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da fasaha mai kyau kuma ta koyar da darussa a cikin shirye-shiryen fayil,bayan haka ta zauna a Roma akan tallafin karatu.A cikin 2001 ta ɗauki Fellowship na MOMART a Tate Liverpool,sannan kuma Kettle's Yard Fellowship a Kwalejin St John's, Cambridge a 2003.
A cikin 1997 Coutts ya fara dangantaka da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Tom Lubbock wanda ya rubuta don sashin fasaha don jaridar Burtaniya The Independent. Mutanen biyu sun yi aure a shekara ta 2001 kuma sun zauna a gidaje daban-daban a arewa da kudancin London. Lokacin da aka haifi ɗansu Eugene a 2007,sun zauna a Brixton.
A cikin 2001 Coutts ya fara koyarwa da koyarwar baƙo a Jami'ar Goldsmiths,yana ɗaukar matsayi na dindindin a 2007.A halin yanzu,ta kasance mai koyar da ziyara don Sculpture,City da Guilds na London Art School a cikin 2002 da 2003, malami mai ziyara sannan kuma abokin bincike a Makarantar Fasaha da Zane ta Norwich a kai da kashe daga 2004 zuwa 2009,kuma mataimakiyar malami.a Jami'ar Arts,London daga 2005 zuwa 2010.
A shekara ta 2008,an gano mijinta yana da ciwon kwakwalwa wanda ya juya ya zama glioblastoma multiforme.An gaya masa cewa yana da kusan shekaru biyu ya rayu,sun ƙaura zuwa asibiti a 2010. Ya mutu daga ciwon daji a shekara ta 2011.
Rubutu
Kafin rashin lafiyar Lubbock,Coutts ta ɗauki kanta a matsayin mai zane-zane kawai ba marubuci ba.Jin ta kasa haifar da komai yayin da mijinta ke jinya,sai ta koma rubutu.A cikin 2009 bayan aikin tiyata na farko na Lubbock da zagaye na chemotherapy,Coutts ya fara rubuta abubuwa a cikin jerin takaddun Kalma.Da farko waɗannan gutsuttsura,ko"kananan ruwan tabarau"kamar yadda Coutts ke kiran su,al'ada ce mai sassauƙa,wanda daga ƙarshe ta shiga cikin sarƙoƙi na rubutu kuma ta gane a matsayin babban aiki.
A cikin 2014 Coutts ya buga littafin The Iceberg,wani memoir na mawaƙa da mai sha'awar"game da mutuwar mijinta. Memoir ya fara ne a wurin binciken Lubbock na 2008 kuma ya bi shi,Coutts, da ɗansu Eugene(wanda ake kira"Ev"a cikin littafin)har ta hanyar jiyya da mutuwarsa a 2011.Jaridar Los Angeles Times ta yaba wa littafin,tana mai cewa, ' Ana iya taƙaita shirin The Iceberg cikin jumla:Mutum ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu.Lallai,ɗan ƙaramin abu ya faru a cikin mai zane ya juya lissafin marubuci Marion Coutts na shekaru biyu na ƙarshe na rayuwar mijinta.Duk da haka yana da ban mamaki,mai lalacewa."An zaɓi Iceberg'' don kyaututtukan adabi da yawa, kuma an ba Coutts lambar yabo ta Wellcome Book Prize a cikin 2015.
Hotuna
Albums masu Fuskantar Kare Hermans:
Ayuba Dahiru Tandu
Ayuba Dahiru Tandu
Jarumi ne a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato (kanny wood), ya fito a fina finai na barkwanci da yawa a masana antar fim ta Hausa.
Rayuwar sa
Ayuba Dahiru Tandu ya rasu a ranar lahadi bayan yayi kwana biyu Yana fama da zazzazabi, ana Kiran sa da Tandu Dan wasan barkwanci ne a masana antar, kafin rasuwar sa ya Fi fitowa a fina finan barkwanci kamar su afra, auren manga,da gobarar titi, gamdakatar. Ya rasu yabar mata uku da Yara tara.
Ushongo
Ushongo daya ce daga cikin kananan hukumomin jihar Benue dake a shiyar tsakiyar Nijeriya.
Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya
Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya tsohuwar yanki ce ta mulkin Najeriya. An kirkire ta ne a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1967 daga sashen Gabas kuma ta wanzu har zuwa 3 ga watan Fabrairun 1976, lokacin da aka raba ta zuwa jihohi biyu - Anambra da Imo. Yanzu yankin ya kunshi jihohi biyar; Anambra, Imo, Enugu, Ebonyi da Abia. Birnin Enugu ne babban birnin jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya na lokacin.
Yaƙin Khybar
Yaƙin Khybar daya ne daga cikin yakokin da Annabi Muhammad ya halarta a rayuwarsa.
Khalda Saber
Khalda Saber wata malamar Sudan ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil Adama wacce ta yi aiki tare da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta kan harkokin kare hakkin mata. Ta kasance daya daga cikin matan da suka jagoranci zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin shugaba Omar al-Bashir na tsawon shekaru 30 wanda ya kai ga kwace gwamnati da sojoji suka yi. Saber ta karfafa gwiwar malamai da mata da ta hadu da su a kan tituna a birnin Port Sudan a lokacin da take tafiya makarantar da ta koyar da su shiga cikin masu fafutukar tabbatar da dimokradiyya. “Ina gaya musu cewa babu abin da za mu yi asara, idan aka kwatanta da abin da muka riga muka yi asara. Ina gaya musu cewa dole ne mu fito kan tituna, mu yi zanga-zanga kuma mu nuna kin amincewa da abin da ke faruwa."
Kamawa (Arrest)
Watanni biyu da gudanar da zanga-zangar ta Saber, jami'an tsaro na farin kaya suka tare su a cikin wata motar safa, sannan aka kai su babban ofishin hukumar tsaro da leken asiri na karamar hukumar. Ta shafe kwanaki 40 tana tsare tare da wasu mata dubu da suka jagoranci zanga-zangar adawa da al-Bashir a wani sabon reshe da aka gina a gidan yari a babban birnin kasar, Khartoum.
Ƙaura
Bayan sakinta daga tsare ta, ta shiga wani zaman dirshan a wajen hedikwatar sojoji dake birnin Khartoum a wata zanga-zangar. Ta samu barazana ga rayuwa da iyalai daga Rapid Support Forces (RSF) wata kungiyar sa-kai da ta balle daga mayakan Janjaweed da al-Bashir ya yi amfani da shi a rikicin yankin Darfur na Sudan. Saber ta tsere daga kasar tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta mata biyu zuwa birnin Alkahira na kasar Masar a zaman gudun hijira kwanaki biyu bayan da sojoji suka hambarar da al-Bashir. Saber ta tattara bayanan take haƙƙin ɗan Adam na RSF, musamman akan mata, ta hanyar sheda kafin da lokacin boren.
Sadique Abubakar
Air Marshal Sadique Abubakar (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 1960) shi ne babban hafsan hafsoshin sojojin sama na Najeriya (NAF). Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya nada shi a matsayin Shugaban hafsan sojojin sama a ranar 13 ga watan Yulin, na shekara ta 2015.
Fage & ilimi
Sadique Abubakar an haife shi a Tamar 8 ga watan Aprailu shekara ta 1960 a Azare, dake jahar Bauchi State. kuma yayi primari dinshi a nan Bauchi  daga 1967 zuwa 1973 sannan yayi sakandrin a nan Government Secondary School, dake Bauchi. Abubakar san nan yashiga Nigerian Air Force a matsyin memba na nigeria Military Trainin dinshi a (CMTC 5) a watan Novemba 1979.
Abubakar yana da difloma a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a da kuma digiri na farko na Kimiyya (aji na biyu na sama) a kimiyyar siyasa. Ya kuma yi Digirin sana biyu a fannin ilimin dabaru daga Jami’ar Ibadan. Abubakar yana da Helikofta na lasisin kasuwanci (CPL) Helikofta tare da Kayan aiki kuma ya tashi jimillar nau'ikan jirgin sama 7: Bulldog, Piper Warrior, Enstrom, Bell 206, BO-105, Mi-35P da Mi- 17.
Ayyuka
Sauran Nade-naden da Abubakar ya yi a baya sun hada da shugaban tsare-tsare da tantancewa, hedikwatar NAF, shugaban sadarwa da tsaro, kwamandan rundunar NAF. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Gudanarwar, Hedikwatan NAF kafin nadin nasa a matsayin Shugaban Sojojin Sama.
Kenneth Stewart
Kenneth Stewart (28 Yuni 1925 - 2 Satumba 1996). ɗan siyasan Biritaniya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin dan Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) tsakanin 1984 zuwa 1996.
Ayyuka
Stewart yayi aiki a matsayin kafinta da kuma mai hadawa, kuma ya shafe lokaci a matsayin sajan a karkashin Parachute Regiment, da kuma a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa.
Siyasa
Ya shiga Jam'iyyar Labour, kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Birnin Liverpool daga 1964, yana shugabantar kwamitin gidaje.
A yayin zaɓen Majalisar Turai na 1984, an zabi Stewart a mazabar Merseyside West, yayi aiki har zuwa lokacin mutuwarsa a 1996.
Ukum
Ukum daya ce daga cikin kananan hukumomin jihar Benue dake a shiyar tsakiyar Nijeriya.
HMM
HMM ko hmm na iya nufin to:
Lily amir-arjomand
Lily Amir-Arjomand (an haife Lily Jahan-Ara a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da takwas 1938) tsohuwar shugabar cibiyar ci gaban basirar yara da matasa ce ta Iran kuma ta kafa tsarin ɗakin karatu na jama'a na yara a Iran. . A lokacin aikinta, Cibiyar ta bunkasa daruruwan dakunan karatu da cibiyoyin al'adu a duk fadin kasar Iran.
Fatou N'Diaye
Fatou N'Diaye ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce, asalinta daga Senegal, an haife ta a shekarar 1980 a Saint-Louis du Sénégal.
Anam Imo
Anam Imo (an haife tane a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamban shekaran 2000), itace yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Nijeriya wacce a yanzu haka take  buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta FC Rosengard na garin Damallsvenskan. Ta kuma wakilci kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Najeriya a matakin mata masu buga kwallo na kasa da yan shekaru 20.
Fatou N'Diaye
Tarihin Rayuwa
A shekara 8, ta bar Senegal, tare da mahaifiyarta, kuma ta koma Paris>
Anam Imo
Klub din
A watan Maris na shekarar 2016, Imo ta zura kwallo daya tilo a cikin ragan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Amazons ta Nasarawa, a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Najeriya karkashin kungiyar yan kwallan kafan Najeriya na yan shekaru 17, wanda hakan ya faru ne a cikin shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta mata ta duniya na yan kasa da shekaru 17.