cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Manufar Lafiyan muhalli
Akwai dalilai da yawa na muhalli waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa ga lafiya ciki har da ingancin iska, canjin yanayi, ruwan sha mai guba, da bayyanar sinadarai masu guba. Dangane da yankin da manufar ke ciki, za a magance matsalolin muhalli daban-daban a cikin manufofin. Wasu illar muhalli akan lafiya na iya haɗawa da asma, zazzabin cizon sauro, kwalara, cuta, ciwon daji, da rauni na jiki. Wadannan kuma sun dogara ne akan yankin da mutum yake rayuwa, da kuma yadda yanayin muhalli ke da tsanani. Batun sauyin yanayi sun zama ruwan dare a cikin karni na 21, wanda ke bukatar daukar mataki daga shugabannin duniya. Lokacin da aka sami canje-canje masu yawa ga muhalli, lafiyar jama'a na da haɗari ga haɗarin haɗari.
Ana iya aiwatar da manufofin kula da muhalli a matakai da yawa na gwamnati, gami da na gundumomi, jihohi da na duniya. Gwamnonin ƙananan hukumomi sun fi mayar da hankali kan manufofin da suka shafi iyakokin da suke sarrafawa, yayin da gwamnatocin jihohi suka fi mayar da hankali ga garuruwa ko jihohi da dama da ke cikin iyakokin su inda yanayin ya shafi lafiya. Manufofin duniya sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwar jihohi da yawa don aiwatar da manufa iri ɗaya don magance manyan batutuwan muhalli kan kiwon lafiya kamar gurɓataccen yanayi da sauyin yanayi.
Kasashe masu tasowa suna daukar wata hanya ta daban akan siyasar lafiyar muhalli fiye da kasashen da suka ci gaba. Kasashe masu tasowa ba koyaushe suke samun damar samun albarkatu iri daya ba don aiwatar da manufofin da za su inganta muhalli da lafiyar 'yan kasarsu. Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli na iya yin tasiri mara daidaituwa akan ƙananan kudin shiga da kuma yankunan ƙabilanci suna fuskantar matsalolin muhalli da ƙarancin rayuwa.
Ma'anarsa
Manufar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ita ce haɗin kai tsakanin muhalli da lafiyar 'yan ƙasa a wani yanki da aka ayyana. Lokacin ayyana manufar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli yana da kyau a raba ra'ayi zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban: muhalli, lafiya da manufa. Yanayin yanayi na kalmar yana nufin yanayin muhalli da abubuwan muhalli waɗanda zasu iya shafar lafiyar ɗan adam. Lafiya yana nufin ikon ɗan adam na yin aiki cikin nasara lokacin da abubuwan muhalli ke canzawa koyaushe. A cikin ma'anarsa mafi sauƙi, lafiya shine jin daɗin rayuwar mutum gaba ɗaya. Manufa ita ce "hanyar aiki ko ka'ida da gwamnati, jam'iyya, kasuwanci, ko wani mutum suka amince da shi." Manufar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli tana nufin tasirin ɗan adam akan muhalli, wanda hakan ke shafar lafiyar ɗan adam kuma yana buƙatar aiwatar da manufofin.
Dalilan Muhalli
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan muhalli da ke taimakawa ga lafiyar al'ummar duniya shine sauyin chanjin yanayi. Canjin yanayi shine tsayin lokaci mai tsayi da/ko faɗuwar yanayin zafi da karkatar da yanayin yanayi akan lokaci. Sakamakon sauyin yanayi, yankin Arctic na Kanada ya karu da zafin jiki da digiri uku ko hudu. Yayin da dumamar yanayi na Arewacin Arctic ke ci gaba, ragi na ruwa yana shiga cikin tsarin. Ko ragi ya kasance saboda ruwan sama ko narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, ƙarin adadin ƙwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin ruwa mai daɗi.
Tare da haɓaka matsanancin yanayin yanayi, ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan da ake samu da ruwa, da kuma rashin lafiyar jiki sun zama mafi yawa a cikin waɗannan yanayi. Wadannan cututtuka ma yaduwa da abin da ke tare da su (saro, tic da sauransu) sun dogara ga yanayin muhalli wajan yadawa da tsira. Haifuwa da yaɗuwar waɗannan cututtuka na da matuƙar tasiri sakamakon sauyin yanayi.
Gurbacewar iska wani dalili ne dake tabbatar kasancewa wajen a tasirin lafiya.gurbatatcciyar iska Yana samu wane ta qara tsananin batu a shugowar shekara cigaban kasa su ne kwarewa sosai shugowar kudi da mutuwar su dayawa wasu mutane a wani bangare ma ana albarkatun da ake buqata su rayu. Gurbacewar iska Yana zuwa ta hanya biyu ne; watsi da watsa. Sune kowane kallan kazanta kamar su lokacin tafiya, kuna ma a danai ko Da saukin daga qasa
Hawan matakan teku wani abu ne na muhalli wanda ke shafar lafiyar mutane a wani yanki da aka ba shi. Daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa matakin teku ya fara tashi shi ne narkar da manyan kankara da ke kankara. Idan dusar kankara ta fara narkewa da sauri, matakin teku zai yi tasiri. Wata hanyar da matakan teku ke tashi ita ce lokacin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru, ƙwayoyin ruwa suna faɗaɗa kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin sarari. Yayin da matakan teku suka fara tasowa, layin bakin teku ya fara fadada. A cikin yanayi mai tsanani, wannan yana sa mutane su zama 'yan gudun hijirar muhalli. Yayin da ruwan teku ya tashi ya fara shafar ƙasa mai daraja da ake amfani da ita don abinci da sauran girbi. Mutane miliyan 200 ne adadin mutanen da ke fuskantar hadarin ambaliya idan ruwan teku ya tashi 40 cm da 2080s.
Hatsarin Rashin lafiya
Hatsarin kiwon lafiya da ke haifar da muhalli ya fara shafar mutane a duniya. An yi kiyasin cewa karuwar zafi a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 150,000 a kowace shekara. I Turai a lokacin rani na 2003 sun sami sama da yanayin zafi na yau da kullun wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kusan 22,000 zuwa 45,000 a cikin makonni biyu. Wannan shi ne mafi munin tasirin sauyin yanayi a tarihin baya-bayan nan. Ƙara yawan matsanancin zafin jiki yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da karuwar mace-mace. Wasu daga cikin haɗarin kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke zuwa tare da matsanancin yanayin zafi sune damuwa mai zafi, gazawar jijiyoyin bugun jini, Hypothermia, da sauransu
Yanayin zafin jiki yana kawo cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin sauro da kuma iyawar sa da kuma yadda sauro zai iya shan jini. Sauro na bunƙasa wajen watsa ƙwayoyin cuta inda yanayin zafi bai wuce digiri 25 na ma'aunin celcius ba. Ruwan sama mai yawa, wanda ke ƙara yawaita a tsakanin ƙasashe da yawa, yana aiki a matsayin cikakkiyar wurin kiwo don farkon rayuwar sauro a cikin ruwa. Zazzabin cizon sauro cuta ce da ke haifar da cutar da ta fi yawa a Afirka. Cutar na jefa biliyoyin mutane cikin hadarin kamuwa da cutar. Sakamakon rashin isasshen kiwon lafiya inda cutar ta fi yawa, mutane da yawa suna mutuwa. Muhalli na ba da gudummawa sosai ga nasarar da zazzabin cizon sauro ke samu wajen yada cutar.
abu daya days zama game gari hadari ga lafiyar Al ummah gamuwa da haifar gurbacewar iska da ingancin iska. Rashin lafiya
Tarin fuka in cutar ta tsananta wa mutum na kumbura
a tsarin da lokacin yana bayyanar da Rashin lafiya sakamakon shakshakan numfashi da yin tari.[13]
Kashe kashen muhalli kamar, gubatacciyar iska, taba, hayaki da na wasu kalansu iska ana samunta ta jikin Dan a Adam
Canjin yanayi na iya shafar lafiyar ɗan adam ta numfashi ta hanyar tsananta cututtukan numfashi ko ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. Canjin yanayi na iya shafar tsarin numfashi ta tsari adadin pollen is pollen da allergens a cikin iska, yaɗuwar ƙura, da kuma tasirin ledar sararin samaniyar ozone. Ƙara yawan zafin jiki yana haifar da sanya damuwa a kan tsarin numfashi sau da yawa yana haifar da asma da sauran cututtuka na huhu. Wasu daga cikin haɗarin kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin numfashi sun haɗa da asma, rhnosinusitis, cututtuka na numfashi, da cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun.
Hamilton, Ontario (Kanada)
Hamilton Yana da wani qarfe babba a wanin yank slallata manyan gurbacew ruwa sannam ma cikin gari. Tasirin gurbaciyar ruwa Yana kawo asarar $537 million a kowane shekara na kula da lafiya da sauran qun guyoyin ake. dayawa maganar lafiya yana tashine ta gurbaciyar ruwa a Hamilton da mutuwar yara health issues that arise with air pollution in Hamilton is premature death, respiratory problems, and cardiovascular problems. Hamilton is taking the initiative to spread awareness around environmental issues with the implementation of yearly summits. Vision 2020 is a community based development program which encourages community reporting of environmental issues, which influences policy.
Harlem, New York (Amurka ta Amurika)
Harlem, tare da yankuna da yawa na Amurka, sun ɗauki hanyar bincike ta haɗin kai ta hanyar al'umma don bincika manufofin lafiyar muhalli. Kungiyar West Harlem Environmental ACTion Inc. da Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Jami'ar Columbia sun yi nazari kan illar gurbatar man diesel ga muhalli, kuma sun ba da sakamakon ga gwamnati, wanda ya canza manufofinsu na kiwon lafiyar muhalli don daidaita sakamakon. Lafiyar numfashi ita ce babban abin damuwa ga canjin manufofin, wanda aka samo asali daga wani abu na musamman da carbon a cikin tushen diesel na gida. Harlem sun sake gina tsarin jirgin bas ɗin su ta hanyar amfani da dizal mai tsafta da shigar da na'urori na dindindin na iska don sarrafa yawan gurɓataccen iska da motocin bas ɗin ke haifarwa.
Sao Paulo, Brazil
The metropolitan area of São Paulo has dealt with issues of air and water pollution created by motor vehicles and inadequate treatment of sewage. Infectious and parasitic diseases, circulatory diseases, and respiratory problems have all been a concern in São Paulo. The city uses data linkages (HEADLAMP) between the environment and health in order to influence future policies. Air pollution has been improved marginally in regards to industrial pollution, but motor vehicle traffic creates the largest amount of sulphur dioxide emissions. Water treatment plants have not grown to accommodate the growing population, but piped water and sanitation facilities have been expanding. Impacts of the environment on health have been felt more in the poorer areas of the city compared to the wealthier sectors.
Kasashen da suka ci gaba
Kanada ta magance fallasa gubar shekaru da yawa, tana raguwa tun shekarun 1970 tare da kawar da fentin gubar da mai. Yayin da aka samu raguwar gubar dalma, har yanzu akwai alamun kamuwa da dalma daga fenti da kuma tsohon bututu a gidaje. Fitar da gubar ya fi illa ga mata masu juna biyu da yara, wanda hakan ya sa su fi kamuwa da guba. An jera gubar a matsayin abu mai guba a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kariyar Muhalli ta Kanada. Gwamnati ta aiwatar da ka'idoji game da gubar don haɓaka yanayi mai kyau.
Ƙasashen Farko da Reshen Kiwon Lafiyar Inuit sun yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa an ba wa waɗannan al'ummomin dama dama ga ayyukan kiwon lafiya kwatankwacin waɗanda ke wurare iri ɗaya na Kanada. Kiwon lafiya Kanada ta ayyana yanayin kiwon lafiya don haɗa da ruwa mai tsafta, abinci, gidaje da wuraren da ake kula da su, zubar da sharar gida, da ikon rigakafi da sarrafa cuta. Ana aiwatar da Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Muhalli a cikin ƙauyen ƙauye da yawa, waɗanda aka keɓance su ga takamaiman buƙatu ciki har da amincin abinci, tushen ruwa mai tsafta, da haɓaka rashin kyawun mahalli.
{Asar Amirka na da manufofi da yawa don magance fallasa sinadarai, ingancin iska, makamashi, gurɓataccen mai, da tsaftataccen ruwan sha. Bayyanar da sinadarai na jama'a na iya yin tasiri a jiki ciki har da ciwon daji, cututtukan zuciya, asma da kiba. Wadanda ke aiki a sassan masana'antu da noma sun fi saurin kamuwa da cutar, amma yara, mata masu juna biyu, da masu fama da rashin lafiya suma suna cikin hadarin kamuwa da cutar. {Asar Amirka ta aiwatar da Dokar Kula da Abubuwan Guba don magance fallasa sinadarai da tabbatar da cewa sinadarai ba su da lafiya kuma 'yan ƙasa ba su da yawa.
EPA takawo cigaba na goge maii fetur da gas da biodiesel wanda gurbacewar iska Wanda Moto ke kawowa emission. sune kashi kashi na emission suna tasirin a lafiya  respiratory health da qaruwan magunguna saboda yawa. Shekaran 2013, matafiya sukai transportation was more than half on carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides produced in the environment. The country has also implemented vehicle emission standards to cut pollution from motor vehicles.
Norway tana da ƙa'idodin muhalli da yawa da suka shafi ƙazanta, ingancin iska, da ruwa. Haka kuma akwai tsare-tsare da aka yi don kare lafiyar ‘yan kasa da jin dadin jama’a baki daya, da kuma a wuraren aiki. Wuraren aiki dole ne su tabbatar da cewa suna da matakan hanawa ko ɗauke da gurɓata ruwa, tare da shirya maganganun tasirin muhalli da son rai waɗanda ke samuwa ga hukumomin kula da gurɓataccen yanayi. Idan wurare suna fitar da hayaƙin carbon dioxide, to dole ne su nemi izinin fitarwa, kuma dole ne su ba da rahoton hayakin kowace shekara ga hukumomin kula da gurbataccen yanayi. Norway tana ƙoƙarin kare tushen ruwanta daga gurɓatawa ta hanyar tabbatar da kayan aiki aiwatar da matakan da ke haifar da mafi ƙarancin lahani ko damuwa ga jama'a ko kamfanoni. Gwamnati ta tsara tsare-tsare don tabbatar da lafiyar lafiyar ma'aikata a kowane mataki, tare da daukar mataki kan duk wani hadari a cikin wuraren aiki da zai jefa lafiya cikin hadari.
A halin yanzu ingancin iska a Turkiyya yana kan matakan da ake ganin cutarwa ga lafiyar dan adam. Girman ƙarfin huhu na yara yana raguwa a wuraren da ake yawan gurbatar iska, wanda zai iya ƙara yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar huhu. Haɗari ga lafiyar huhu sun haɗa da asma, Ciwon Ciwon Jiki na Jiki, Ciwon daji na huhu, da emphysema waɗanda za a iya ƙarfafa su ta rashin ingancin iska. Karfin kwal a Turkiyya ya kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gurbatar iska. Tushen wutar lantarki suna sakin sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, da mercury, waɗanda zasu iya wucewa a cikin muhalli har zuwa shekaru arba'in. Kungiyar likitocin Turkiyya ta bayyana damuwarta game da karuwar masana'antar kwal a Turkiyya, tare da ba da shawarar dakatar da masana'antar kwal don kara ingancin iska a kasar zuwa matakan tsaro.
Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Ma'aikatar Lafiya sun haɗu tare da hukumomi da cibiyoyin kimiyya don fahimtar al'amuran kiwon lafiyar muhalli. Kasar Jamus ta dade da dadewa kan manufofin kiwon lafiyar muhalli domin kiyaye zaman lafiyar 'yan kasa. Manufofin sun dogara ne akan binciken kimiyya da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ma'aikatu, amma manufofin kiwon lafiyar muhalli galibi ba sa cikin tsarin manufofin tunda ana sarrafa su sosai.
A cikin 2011, an aiwatar da manufofi don kawar da makamashin nukiliya a cikin ƙasar bayan bala'in nukiliya na Fukushima. Gurbacewar iska ta karu zuwa matsayi mafi girma tun daga shekarun 1980 saboda karuwar konewar kwal, lamarin da ya jefa jama'a cikin hadarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu alaka da gurbatar iska. Haka kuma hako ma'adinai a kasar ya haifar da gurbacewar ruwa da ke shafar lafiyar dan Adam da na dabbobi. An danganta hakar ma'adinan kwal da batutuwan muhalli da kiwon lafiya, wanda hakan ya sa gwamnati ta rufe dukkan ramukan hakar ma'adinai nan da shekarar 2018. Jamus ta kasance kan gaba wajen tinkarar hayakin carbon da ke da alaƙa da sauyin yanayi ta hanyar manufofi don rage amfani da albarkatu da ingantaccen amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa.
China
Kasar Sin tana da albarkatun ma'adinai masu yawa kuma tana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da karafa da karafa. Tun daga 1980s, sun ga karuwar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi da lalata albarkatun ƙasa, yana jefa lafiyar jama'a cikin haɗari. Gurbacewar iska ita ce babbar matsalar muhalli ta cututtukan zuciya a cikin kasar. Kasashen Asiya suna neman yin bincike kan abubuwan muhalli don fahimtar yadda hakan ke shafar lafiya.
Ma'adinan kasar Sin sun samar da gurbatacciyar kasa da ke yin illa ga lafiyar dan Adam. Wadanda ke zaune a kusa da yankin na ma'adinan suna cikin haɗari musamman na cututtukan cututtukan daji da kuma waɗanda ba na cutar daji ba na ƙasa. Babban hatsarori suna zuwa daga ban ruwa na najasa, aikace-aikacen sludge, hakar ma'adinai, da ayyukan narkewa. Wannan gurbatar yanayi yana shafar jikin mutum ta hanyar cutar da jijiya, kwarangwal, jini, enzymatic, endocrine, da tsarin rigakafi. Ƙarin sakamako na yau da kullum zai iya haɗawa da ciwon daji, raunin kashi, hauhawar jini, raunuka, da neuropathy. Kasar Sin ta gudanar da nazarin tantance hadarin kiwon lafiya kadan game da dukkan ma'adinan kasar, don haka ba a san cikakken hadarin da ke tattare da ma'adinan ba.
A cikin al'ummomin da ke hakar ma'adinai na Indiya, yawan jama'a na cikin haɗarin cututtukan numfashi da zazzabin cizon sauro. Wadanda ke zaune kusa da ma'adinan sun ba da rahoton faruwar lamarin  na wadannan cututtuka. Wannan ya yi tasiri ga manufofin muhalli saboda hakar ma'adinai kasuwanci ce mai riba da za a iya mayar da ita, amma tare da illa ga lafiya an buƙaci su daidaita lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli.
Kasar Indiya ta kuma fuskanci wahala wajen samar da ruwan sha da ayyukan tsaftar muhalli a yankunan karkara. An aiwatar da shirye-shiryen da ake aiwatar da buƙatun al'umma tun daga 2004 waɗanda ke buƙatar haɓakawa ta hanyar samar da ruwa, tsafta, da tsafta. Wannan wani yunƙuri ne na inganta lafiyar yara, da rage gudawa da cututtuka masu nasaba da ruwa. Kashi 21% na al'ummar karkara ne kawai ke amfani da famfo mai zaman kansa, sauran kaso kuma suna tafiya don samun ruwa. Kashi 12% ne kawai ke amfani da bandakuna masu zaman kansu, sauran kuma sun tafi babban wurin tsaftar muhalli. Shirin da aka aiwatar ya sami damar ƙara samun ruwa mai tacewa, bandakuna masu zaman kansu, da haɓaka tsafta.
Najeriya
A shekarar 2014, Najeriya ta aiwatar da dabarun hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa na WHO don tunkarar muradun karni. Manufar dabarar manufar ita ce tantance illolin lafiya na kasadar muhalli ta hanyar gudanar da kimar tasirin lafiya. Har ila yau, gwamnati na shirin kara karfin kasashen da za su iya tunkarar matsalolin muhalli da suka hada da sauyin yanayi, da gurbacewar iska, da kuma radiation da za su iya cutar da lafiya. Dabarar ta mayar da hankali kan samar da manufofi don inganta magunguna, samun damar kula da lafiya a duniya, da rage cututtuka da muhalli ke haifarwa.
A cikin 2016, gwamnatin Kenya ta gabatar da sabuwar manufar tsaftar muhalli da tsaftar muhalli ta Kenya. Rashin tsaftar muhalli ya kasance kan gaba wajen yawan mace-mace a kasar. Sabuwar manufar ta haifar da wani lokaci daga 2016-2030 inda aka tsara ka'idoji don jihohi da na jihohi su bi don inganta tsafta da samar da ingantacciyar rayuwa. Manufar ita ce a samu damar tsaftace muhalli ta duniya nan da shekarar 2030. Wannan ya hada da duk wuraren taruwar jama'a da gidajen da ke da damar shiga bandaki masu ɗorewa, waɗanda ba su da wari, da rage cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tsafta. A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 72 cikin 100 na bandakuna a yankunan karkarar Kenya ana tona ramuka ne kuma ana yin bahaya a fili. Adadin magudanan tsaftar ya yi ƙasa sosai, tare da yawancin ba a yi musu magani ba. Fashewar najasa da fitar da danyen najasa daga tsire-tsire al'ada ce ta yau da kullun, tana lalata ƙasa da samar da ruwa. Gurbacewar iska a cikin birane ma abin damuwa ne. A Nairobi, matakan gurɓata yanayi sun ninka shawarar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya sau uku. An yi hasashen karuwar biranen zai karu a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, don haka gwamnati ta kirkiro hangen nesa na 2030 na Kenya a kokarin magance ayyukan tsaftar muhalli a kasar. Kenya Vision na son mayar da Kenya sabuwar ƙasa mai ci gaban masana'antu, mai matsakaicin ra'ayi mai ingantacciyar rayuwa ga 'yan ƙasarta.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO)
In 2006, the World Health Organization created a study on specific diseases and injuries affected by environmental risks, and which regions of the world are at the most risk of injury. WHO studies the effects and supports the design of preventative and health strategies in countries to reduce environmental health risks. Environmental factors such as air and water quality, patterns of energy use, and patterns of land use can directly and indirectly affect health of citizens. WHO's findings found that 24% of global disease and 23% of deaths are caused by environmental factors (although they vary from developing countries with 25%, and developed with 17%). Several diseases found in the study included diarrhea, respiratory infections, malaria, and unintentional injuries caused by environmental factors that can be modified by policy. Infectious diseases is a higher burden in developing countries than in developed, attributed to more exposure to environmental risks and lack of access to health care. Diseases attributed to environmental factors decrease with development to either eradication, or to levels comparable to developed regions. Children are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards. WHO found that children under the age of five are more prone to diseases from environmental factors than the rest of the total population.
Kididdiga ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta nuna kiyasin mutane miliyan 4 zuwa 6.8 ne ke mutuwa sakamakon gurbacewar iska a sararin samaniyar duniya a kowace shekara bugu da kari, 8 cikin 10 na mutane na shakar iska wanda ya karu da gurbacewar iska.
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
A cikin 2000, an ƙirƙiri muradun Ƙarni na Ƙarni (MDG) a sanarwar Ƙarni na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Shugabannin kasashen duniya sun taru da nufin rage talauci nan da shekarar 2015 a kasashe masu tasowa. An ƙirƙiro maƙasudai takwas don magance matsanancin talauci saboda yanayi, matsuguni, da cututtuka, da tabbatar da cewa kowa yana da yancin samun lafiya, ilimi, matsuguni, da tsaro.
An amince da shi a cikin 2015, Manufofin Ci Gaba mai Dorewa (SDG) da za a cimma ta 2030 an ƙirƙira don maye gurbin MDG. Wadannan manufofin suna nufin duka kasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa, ta yin amfani da yanayin muhalli, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki don cimma burin. Manufofin 3, 6, da 11 suna shafar manufofin lafiyar muhalli. Manufar 3 ita ce tabbatar da Lafiya da Lafiya mai kyau, wanda ke shafar wasu manufofi. Idan aka cimma manufofin muhalli, lafiyar kasar za ta iya inganta ta hanyar rage cututtuka da mutuwa. Manufar 11 na samar da birane masu dorewa da al'ummomi yana da mahimmanci ga manufofin kiwon lafiyar muhalli tun lokacin da biranen babban abin damuwa ne wanda zai iya shafar albarkatun ciki har da ruwa, wanda ke shafar lafiyar jama'a. Manufar 6 na nufin samar da tsaftataccen ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a kasashe. Magance ruwan sha a cikin ƙasashe batu ne da manufofin SDG ke ƙoƙarin rinjayar ƙasashe don ingantawa da samar da ingantacciyar hanyar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsafta.
Nassoshi
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Isaac Adaka Boro
Manjo Isaac Adaka Boro, (10 Satumba 1938 zuwa 9 Mayu 1968) wanda akafi sani da Boro dan yaren Ijo ne kuma sojan Najeriya. Boro na cikin wanda suka samar da Minority activism a Najeriya
Rayuwa
A tarihin rayuwarsa na 'The Twelve-Day Revolution' Boro Ya rubuta cewa;
An fadamin cewa an haife ni a misalin Karfe 12 na daren 10 ga watan satumban 1938 a kasa mai albarkacin man-fetur na Oloibiri dake Nija-Delta. Babana shine shugaban makarantan a lokacin. Na tashi a garin Portharcourt inda mahaifina ya kasnce shugaba har wa y.au
Halle
Halle (an haife ta da sunan Halle Grace Ihmordu ; 17 ga Disamba) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Nijeriya kuma mawaƙa-mai raira waƙa / rawa a halin yanzu an sanya hannu a kan N3rd Records.
Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2008 ta fara fitowa a fim ɗinta na farko mai suna Relentless (2008-2009) fim din wanda daga baya aka sake shi a shekara ta 2010 (a bikin BFI na Bikin Landan na London Fim din wanda shima aka nuna shi a bikin nuna finafinan Afirka na New York na 2012  sannan kuma a Kungiyar Fina-Finan, Nijeriya a 2012.  ), ta zama ta farko; wasan kwaikwayon ya kuma kunshi Gideon Okeke, Nneka Egbuna, Jimmy Jean-Louis da Tope Oshin Ogun, wanda Andy Amadi Okoroafor ya shirya, wanda aka shirya a Freetown, Saliyo da Lagos, Najeriya.
Kafin ta zama ƴar fim, Halle, ta fara rawa kuma ta shiga gasa daban-daban na rawa, inda ta zama Gwarzon Channel O Dance Africa Competition, kuma mace ta karshe da ta tsaya a Hall din Rawar Maltina (2008). A shekarar 2012 ta fara fitowa tare da fadinta na farko a cikin Soyayya an sami karbuwa mai kyau sannan kuma masoya kide-kide sun soki lamarinta, sannan ta tafi dan gajeriyar hutu, inda ta ba ta kashi 101% ta ci gaba da nuna gogewarta, ta kara wani bajinta a cikin kasidarta Na Na Na, bata bar komai ba sai ta fito da Dutty Shower a shekarar 2013.
Kamar dai sauran shekarun, 2014 ban da haka, ta sanya hannu a ANI Nishaɗi, a cikin wannan shekarar ta ba da lasisin duk aikinta na waƙa ga Soundcore Media Limited wanda ya rarraba mata kuma a ƙarshen 2014 ta sake sakin Halle Baby na farko. a karkashin lakabin, waƙar ta ji daɗin wasan iska a gidajen rediyo a Najeriya, Rediyon Intanet a Burtaniya da Amurka da kuma talla a kan kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida; Jaridu, Mujallar Nishadi's. Ba hutawa a cikin tarkon ta ba Halle ya bi ta tare da Kai Kadai da Freaky vingauna
A cikin 2015, abubuwan da ba yadda suka saba yi tsakanin Halle da lakabin rikodin ta ANI Nishaɗi don haka ta rabu da kayan nishaɗin. A farkon watan Mayu 2015 bayan rabuwa daga lakabin ta, ta shiga cikin rikodin rikodin na Soltesh Iyere N3rd Records (reshe na KamfaninMedia 360) kuma ta yi bayani game da niyya a cikin Masana'antar Kiɗa ta Najeriya tare da wata Rana guda wakar wacce ta kayatar da wani saurayi na musamman tana dauke ne da lamba daya tallan gidan rawa na Najeriya Patoranking a matsayin mutumin. Halle duk game da tsari ne, mawaƙi-mai rairayi ya fahimci cewa ƙasa da yawanci yawanci yafi.
Asibiti
Asibiti wani waje ne da ake ginawa, don kula da marasa lafiya wato masu jinya. Wanda a Asibiti ne ake samun magani da likita da kuma majinyata da dai sauran abubuwa da suka shafi asibiti. Likita shine mai duba lafiyar marasa lafiya a asibiti.
Halle
Ayyuka
Ita da Idia Aisien dukkansu jakadun jakadanci ne na Channel 9janimi, sabis ne mai raɗa kida / fim tun shekara ta 2010.
Asibiti
Asibiti cibiyar kula da lafiya ce da ke ba da jinya ga marasa lafiya tare da ƙwararrun kimiyyar kiwon lafiya da ƙarin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da kayan aikin likita. Mafi sanannun nau'in asibiti shine babban asibiti, wanda yawanci yana da sashin gaggawa don magance matsalolin kiwon lafiya na gaggawa tun daga masu gobara da haɗari zuwa rashin lafiya na kwatsam. Asibitin gundumomi galibi shine babban wurin kula da lafiya a yankinsa, tare da gadaje masu yawa don kulawa mai zurfi da ƙarin gadaje ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa na dogon lokaci. Asibitoci na musamman sun haɗa da cibiyoyin rauni, asibitocin gyarawa, asibitocin yara, asibitocin tsofaffi (geriatric), da asibitoci don magance takamaiman buƙatun likita kamar maganin tabin hankali (duba asibitin mahaukata) da wasu nau'ikan cututtuka. Asibitoci na musamman na iya taimakawa wajen rage farashin kula da lafiya idan aka kwatanta da asibitocin gabaɗaya. An rarraba asibitoci a matsayin na gaba ɗaya, na musamman, ko gwamnati dangane da hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga.
Asibitin koyarwa yana haɗa taimako ga mutane tare da koyarwa ga ɗaliban kimiyyar kiwon lafiya da kuma ƙarin ɗaliban kiwon lafiya. Cibiyar kimiyyar kiwon lafiya da ta fi asibiti yawanci ana kiranta da asibiti. Asibitoci suna da sassa dabam-dabam (misali tiyata da kulawar gaggawa) da rukunin ƙwararru kamar ilimin zuciya. Wasu asibitocin suna da sassan marasa lafiya, wasu kuma suna da sassan kula da marasa lafiya. Rukunin tallafi na gama gari sun haɗa da kantin magani, ilimin cututtuka, da ilimin rediyo.
Asibitoci yawanci ana samun kuɗaɗen kuɗin jama'a, ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya (na riba ko ƙungiyoyin sa-kai), kamfanonin inshorar lafiya, ko ƙungiyoyin agaji, gami da gudummawar agaji kai tsaye. A tarihi, ana yawan kafa asibitoci kuma ana ba da kuɗaɗe ta hanyar umarni na addini, ko kuma daidaikun mutane da shugabanni na agaji.
Kwande
Kwande daya ce daga cikin kananan hukumomin jihar Benue dake a shiyar tsakiyar Nijeriya.
Asibiti
A halin yanzu, asibitocin suna da ƙwararrun likitoci, likitocin fiɗa, ma’aikatan jinya, da abokan aikin kiwon lafiya, yayin da a da, waɗanda suka kafa odar addini ko kuma masu sa kai suke yin wannan aikin. Koyaya, akwai umarni na addini na Katolika iri-iri, irin su Alexians da Bon Secours Sisters waɗanda har yanzu suna mai da hankali kan hidimar asibiti a ƙarshen 1990s, da kuma wasu ƙungiyoyin Kirista da yawa, gami da Methodist da Lutherans, waɗanda ke gudanar da asibitoci. Dangane da ainihin ma’anar kalmar, asibitoci sun kasance na asali “wuraren baƙi”, kuma har yanzu ana kiyaye wannan ma’anar a cikin sunayen wasu cibiyoyi irin su Royal Hospital Chelsea, wanda aka kafa a 1681 a matsayin gidan ritaya da kula da tsofaffin sojoji. .
Konshisha
Konshisha daya ce daga cikin kananan hukumomin jihar Benue dake a shiyar tsakiyar Nijeriya.
Broderick Bozimo
Alaowei Broderick Bozimo (An haifeshi awatan 21 janairun 1939) ya kasance lawyan Najeriya ne wanda shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ya nada a matsayin Ministan Harkokin 'yan sanda (minister of police Affairs) a Juli, 2003. A Junairu 2007, aka hade ministirin ta harkokin yan sanda da na Internal Affairs zuwa Minitiri ta harkokin cikin gida (wato Ministry of internal Affairs) kuma Bozimo ya zama shugaban sabon minitirin.
Asali
An haifi Bozimo a Janairu 1939 kuma dandan babban dan kasuwa ne na yaren Ijaw.
Lesbia Urquía
Lesbia Yaneth Urquía (1967 - ranar 6 ga watan Yulin 2016) ƴar fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Honduras. Ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga muhalli.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Lesbia Urquía shugabar al'umma ce ta Majalisar Shahararrun Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya na Honduras (COPINH), ƙungiya ɗaya wadda Berta Cáceres ta kasance. Urquía ya yi adawa da mayar da koguna masu zaman kansu, saboda ana karkatar da su kuma sun daina ba da ruwa ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin. Bugu da ƙari, madatsun ruwa na inganta saran gandun daji da kamfanoni ke yi da kuma shafar shuke-shuke da dabbobin waɗannan filaye. Ta yi yaƙi da gina madatsar ruwa ta masu zuba jari na ƙasa da ƙasa a La Paz. Lencas sun yi la'akari da cewa madatsun ruwa za su yi tasiri ga hanyoyin samun ruwa, abinci da magunguna, ta yadda tsarin rayuwarsu na gargajiya zai shiga cikin hatsari. Gina wannan madatsar ruwa ya sa kogin Gualcarque ya daina ba su ruwa.
A ranar 6 ga watan Yulin 2016, hukumomi sun gano gawar Urquía a cikin birnin Marcala, kusa da matattara na Mata Mula. Wasu mutane biyu ne suka buge ta da adda a kai. Majalisar ta ɗorawa gwamnati alhakin mutuwarta, musamman shugaban jam’iyyar ta ƙasa da mijinta.
Urquía tana da yara uku kuma tana da shekara 49 a lokacin mutuwarta.
David Thomas (MEP)
David Edward Thomas (an haife shi a ranar 12 Janairu 1955) ɗan siyasan Jam'iyyar Labour ne na Biritaniya kuma tsohon dan Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP).
Kratu
Ya yi karatu a Cefn Hengoed Comprehensive School, Swansea, kuma a Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia inda ya yi BA a Turanci. A 2010 ya koma Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia don yin Difloma na Digiri a fannin Shari'a. Ya yi aiki a matsayin dan majalisa a mazabar Suffolk da South West Norfolk daga 1994 zuwa 1999.
Sadiq Sanjrani
Muhammad Sadiq Sanjrani (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarata alif dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da takwas(1978)) ɗan siyasan Pakistan ne, shi ne na 8 kuma a yanzu Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Pakistan. Ya yi rantsuwar kama aiki a matsayin memba kuma shugaban majalisar dattawan Pakistan a ranar 12 ga watan Maris shekarata 2018. Shi ne shugaban majalisar dattawa mafi karancin shekaru kuma na farko wanda ya fito daga lardin Balochistan. Shi dan kabilar Sanjrani matalautan mazan jiya ne. Daga watan Yuni shekarata 2023 zuwa watan Yuli shekarata 2023, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban riko na Pakistan.
Ian Twinn
Ian David Twinn CBE (an haife shi ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu, 1950). ɗan siyasa ne a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Conservative na Burtaniya.
Sadiq Sanjrani
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Sadiq Sanjrani a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarata alif 1978  a Nok Kundi, Balochistan, ga dangin Baloch na kabilar Sanjrani mai ilimi.
Ian Twinn
Farkon rayuwa da Karatu
An haifeshi ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu, a shekarar 1950.
Ya yi karatu a Cambridge Grammar School for Boys (a yanzu Netherhall School), Jami'ar Wales da kuma Jami'ar Reading.
Sadiq Sanjrani
Sana'ar siyasa
Sanjrani ya fara aikinsa na siyasa ne a shekarar ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da takwas (1998) a matsayin kodinetan tawagar firaminista Nawaz Sharif inda ya yi aiki har zuwa juyin mulkin Pakistan a shekarar 1999.
Ian Twinn
Aiki da siyasa
An zabi Twinn a matsayin dan majalisa na mazabar Edmonton, ya zama dan majalisa na Conservative na farko a mukamin tun tsawon shekaru 48, kuma ya yi aiki daga 1983 har zuwa lokacin da ya rasa kujerarsa ga Andy Love na Labour a 1997.
Sadiq Sanjrani
Sana'ar siyasa
An zabi Sanjrani a Majalisar Dattawan Pakistan a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa a babban kujera daga Balochistan a zaben Majalisar Dattawan Pakistan na shekarar 2018. Ya rantsar da shi a matsayin Sanata a ranar 12 ga watan Maris shekarata 2018. A wannan rana, an zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa na Pakistan na 8. Ya samu kuri'u 57 daga cikin jimillar kuri'u 103 da aka kada kuma ya doke Raja Zafar ul Haq dan takarar jam'iyyar Pakistan Muslim League (N) wanda ya samu kuri'u 46. Jam'iyyar Pakistan Peoples Party, Muttahida Qaumi Movement, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, da Sanatoci masu zaman kansu daga Balochistan da yankunan kabilun ne suka zabe Sanjrani a matsayin shugaban. Ya zama shugaban majalisar dattawa na farko wanda ya fito daga lardin Balochistan kuma ya zama shugaban majalisar dattawa mafi karancin shekaru yana dan shekara 39. Ya kasance mutum ne da ba a san shi ba a fagen siyasar Pakistan kafin a zabe shi a matsayin shugaban majalisar dattawa.
Ascoli Satriano Cathedral
Ascoli Satriano Cathedral (Italian) Ne Roman Katolika babban coci a Ascoli Satriano, Apulia, Italy, sadaukar da Nativity na Virgin Mary. A da shine wurin zama na bishop na Diocese na Ascoli Satriano, ya kasance tun daga 1986 co-coedral a cikin Diocese na Cerignola-Ascoli Satriano.
Ian Twinn
Mataimaki
Twinn ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Conservative daga 1986 zuwa 1988. Ya kuma zamo dan jam'iyyar Conservative na farko a Edmonton da aka sake zabar shi a karo na biyu (a cikin 1987) da kuma karo na uku (a 1992). An nada shi CBE a shekarar 2018 don hidimar siyasa da na sa kai.
Sadiq Sanjrani
Sana'ar siyasa
A watan Satumba na 2018, Sanjrani ya yi jawabi ga Majalisar Dokokin Azabaijan a jajibirin cika shekaru 100 da kafuwa.
Ian Twinn
Mataimaki
A shekarar 1999, an sanya shi na biyar a cikin jerin 'yan jam'iyyar Conservative Party a London don zaɓen majalisar Turai. Jam'iyyar Conservatives ta sami kujeru hudu kawai, amma Twinn ta yi aiki a matsayin MEP na dan lokaci daga 21 ga Oktoba 2003 har zuwa zaben 2004, bayan murabus na Lord Bethell saboda rashin lafiya. Twinn ya kasance na shida a jerin 'Yan takarar jam'iyyar Conservative a zaben EU na gaba, kuma ya rasa kujerarsa yayin da 'yan Conservative suka lashe uku kacal.
Sadiq Sanjrani
Sana'ar siyasa
A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 2019 ne jam’iyyun adawa a majalisar dattawa suka gabatar da kudirin tsige shi daga mukamin shugaban majalisar dattawa. An gabatar da kudurin a gaban majalisar dattijai tare da Sanatoci 64 da ke goyon bayansa. Kuri'u 50 ne kawai aka samu a zaben na rashin amincewa da kudurin, inda kuri'u 3 ya gaza cimma matsaya. Sanjrani har yanzu yana matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Pakistan bayan da ya tsallake rijiya da baya da kuri'ar rashin amincewa. Ana dai kallon hakan a matsayin nasara a fili ta hadakar gwamnatin PTI da kuma tabbatar da ‘yan majalisar dattawan da suka amince da shugaban.
Ian Twinn
Rashin nasara
An jera shi a matsayi na takwas a shekarar 2009, kuma bai yi nasara a zaben shi ba.
Sadiq Sanjrani
Sana'ar siyasa
A ranar 12 ga Maris 2021, an sake zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Pakistan, inda ya doke abokin hamayyarsa Syed Yusuf Raza Gillani.
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Bugu da kari, ECOWAS ta hada da cibiyoyi masu zuwa: Hukumar ECOWAS, Kotun Al’umma ta Shari’a, [8] Majalisar Dokokin Al’umma, Bankin ECOWAS na Zuba Jari da Ci Gaban (EBID), [9] Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Afirka ta Yamma (WAHO), da kuma Rukunin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke yaki da safarar kudade da kuma bayar da Ta'addanci a Afirka ta Yamma (GIABA). ECOWAS tana aiki cikin yarukan hadin gwiwa guda uku-Faransanci, Ingilishi, da Fotigal, kuma ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi biyu don aiwatar da manufofi: Hukumar ECOWAS da Bankin ECOWAS na saka hannun jari da ci gaba (EBID), wanda a da ake kira Asusun Hadin Kai har sai ta an sake masa suna a 2001. A 1976, Cape Verde ta shiga cikin ECOWAS, yayin da Mauritania ta janye a Disambar 2000, bayan da ta bayyana aniyarta na yin hakan a watan Disambar 1999. A cikin 2011, ECOWAS ta zartar da tsarin ci gabanta na shekaru goma masu zuwa, Ganin 2020, kuma, tare da ita, Manufofin Kimiyya da Fasaha (ECOPOST). {| class="wikitable"
Contents
·         1Member states
o    2.1Executive Secretaries and Presidents of the Commissions
o    2.2Chairpersons
o    2.3Regional security co-operation
o    2.4Community Parliament
o    2.5Expanded ECOWAS Commission
o    2.6Community Court of Justice
o    2.7Sporting and cultural exchange
·         3Economic  integration
o    3.1West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA)
§  3.1.1Membership
o    3.2West African Monetary Zone
§  3.2.1Membership
Maduka Okoye
Klub din
An haifi Okoye a Düsseldorf ga mahaifin Najeriya kuma mahaifiyarsa Bajamushiya. Ya fara aikinsa a cikin shekarar 2012 tare da Bayer Leverkusen, yana juyawa zuwa ƙungiyar Matasan su. A cikin shekarar 2017, ya bar Bayer Leverkusen zuwa Fortuna Düsseldorf, inda ya buga wa ƙungiyar Matasan su da kuma babban ƙungiyar, Fortuna Düsseldorf II. A cikin shekarar 2018, an ciyar da shi gaba ɗaya zuwa Fortuna Düsseldorf II, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa da ke wasa a yankinallalliga West.
Fortuna Düsseldorf II
A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2017, ya bar ƙungiyar matasa ta Bayer Leverkusen, inda ya taka leda tun daga shekarar 2012 don shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Fortuna Düsseldorf.
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Contents
·         4Transport
Maduka Okoye
Fortuna Düsseldorf II
A ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba 13, shekarar 2017, ya fara buga wasan farko a yankin na Westalliga West don Fortuna Düsseldorf II a wasa da Wuppertaler SV, ya maye gurbin Max Schijns da ya ji rauni a minti na 43 na wasan. Ya gama kakar shekarar 2017/2018 da wasanni 5 kacal, aka zura masa kwallaye 1 kawai kuma ya ajiye zane mai tsafta 4, yayin da kungiyarsa ta kammala kakar a matsayi na 15 da maki 36 bayan wasanni 34, da kyar ta tsallake faduwa zuwa Oberliga.
A cikin kakar shekarun 2018/2019, ya zama mai tsaron gidan kungiyar na yau da kullun. A ranar 13 Afrilu shekarar 2019, ya buga wasansa na karshe na kakar, da SV Rödinghausen, bayan da mai tsaron raga Jannick Theissen ya maye gurbinsa a raga don wasanni na gaba. Ya kammala kaka tare da bayyanuwa 15, an zura kwallaye 25 tare da kiyaye tsabtace zane 3. A wannan karon, kungiyar sa ta yi rawar gani fiye da kakar da ta gabata, inda ta kare kakar a matsayi na 12 da maki 42 bayan wasanni 34.
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Contents
·         5Tourism
Maduka Okoye
Fortuna Düsseldorf II
A ranar 24 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2019, ya buga wasansa na farko na kakar shekarun 2019/2020 a wasan gida da ci 2-1 a kan Schalke 04 II.
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Contents
·         6See also
Roberts, Illinois
Roberts ƙauye ne a cikin gundumar Ford, Illinois, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 362 a ƙidayar 2010.
Maduka Okoye
Sparta Rotterdam
A watan Yulin shekarar 2020, Okoye ya sanya hannu kan Eredivise gefe Sparta Rotterdam.
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Contents
·         7References
Roberts, Illinois
Tarihi
An nada Roberts don zama na farko na dindindin a yankin, Jesse da Livingston Roberts.
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Contents
·         8External links Kasashen mambobi
Maduka Okoye
Ayyukan duniya
A ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 2017, kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa, Gernot Rohr ya yi magana game da shirinsa na gayyatar Maduka zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya kafin gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2018, amma tsare-tsaren ba su yi nasara ba.
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Contents
Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2017, ECOWAS tana da membobin kasashe 15; takwas daga cikinsu masu jin Faransanci ne, biyar kuma masu magana da Ingilishi ne, biyu kuma masu magana da yaren Fotigal. Duk mambobi na yanzu sun shiga cikin al'umma a matsayin membobin kafa a cikin Mayu 1975, banda Cape Verde wacce ta shiga cikin 1977. Tsohon memba na ECOWAS kawai shine mai magana da larabci Mauritania, wanda kuma yana daya daga cikin membobin da suka kafa kungiyar a shekarar 1975 kuma ta yanke shawarar ficewa a watan Disambar 2000. Kwanan nan Mauritania ta rattaba hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniyar zama memba a watan Agusta na 2017. A hukumance an nemi Morocco ta shiga ECOWAS a cikin watan Fabrairun 2017. An amince da aikace-aikacen ne bisa ka'ida a taron shugabannin kasashe a watan Yunin 2017, amma yunkurin Morocco na zama memba ya ci tura. Statididdiga don yawan jama'a, GDP maras ƙarfi da ikon GDP na ikon siye da aka jera a ƙasa an ɗauke su daga ƙididdigar Bankin Duniya na 2015, wanda aka buga a watan Disamba na 2016. An ciro bayanan yanki daga rahoton 2012 wanda sashin kididdiga na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya tattara.
Roberts, Illinois
Taswira
Roberts yana nan a40.61333°N, -88.18278°W (40.613310, -88.182685).
Maduka Okoye
Ayyukan duniya
A ranar 9 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2019, an sake gayyatar Maduka zuwa Tawagar U23 ta Najeriya don wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin Kofin Afirka na U-23 na 2019 da Sudan U-23. An shirya shirya wasan kwallon kafa ne tsakanin 3 zuwa 11 ga Yunin 2019, amma CAF ta matsar da shi zuwa Satumba 2 zuwa 10 2019, jinkirta dagewar ya kasance saboda kusancin wasannin share fagen zuwa Gasar cin Kofin Afirka na 2019 wanda aka gudanar daga 21 Yuni zuwa 19 Yuli 2019, a Misira.
A ranar 13 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2019, ya fara buga wa kasarshi ta farko a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin wasan sada zumunci da Brazil wanda ya kare 1-1.
Roberts, Illinois
Taswira
Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta 2010, Roberts yana da jimlar yanki na 0.49 sqmi, duk kasa.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 387, gidaje 169, da iyalai 103 da ke zaune a ƙauyen. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 746.9 a kowace murabba'in mil (287.3/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 194 a matsakaicin yawa na 374.4 a kowace murabba'in mil (144.0/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na ƙauyen ya kasance 98.97% Fari da 1.03% Ba'amurke. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 1.29% na yawan jama'a.
Akwai gidaje 169, daga cikinsu kashi 24.9% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da suke zaune tare da su, kashi 53.3% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 7.7% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 38.5% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 33.7% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 21.9% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.29 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.99.
A cikin ƙauyen, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 23.8% 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18, 5.4% daga 18 zuwa 24, 25.8% daga 25 zuwa 44, 23.0% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 22.0% waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko kuma mazan. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 42. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 80.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 82.1.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a ƙauyen shine $32,321, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na iyali shine $50,000. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $31,250 sabanin $21,875 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na ƙauyen shine $17,926. Kusan 5.0% na iyalai da 7.5% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 19.2% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 2.4% na waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka.
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Contents
ECOWAS Shiyyar Kasashe membobin kungiyar
Duba kuma: Communityungiyar Kula da Economicungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Yammacin Afirka ECasashen ECOWAS sun ba da wata yarjejeniya ba ta zalunci ba a 1990 tare da yarjejeniyoyi biyu da aka yi a baya a 1978 da 1981. Sun kuma sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar kan Taimaka wa Kare Tsaron Juna a Freetown, Saliyo, a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1981, wanda ya tanadi kafa anungiyar Sojojin Kawance Ofarfin Al'umma.
Majalisar Al'umma ta kunshi membobi 115, wadanda aka rarraba dangane da yawan kowace jiha. Wannan kwamitin yana karkashin Shugaban Majalisar ne, wanda ke sama da Sakatare Janar. An faɗaɗa Hukumar ECOWAS
Karo na uku 3 tun bayan kafuwar ta a shekarar 1975, kungiyar ECOWAS na cikin sauye-sauyen hukumomi. Na farko shi ne lokacin da ta sake yarjejeniyarta a ranar 24 ga Yulin 1993; na biyu shi ne a 2007 lokacin da Sakatariyar ta rikide zuwa Hukumar. Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2013, yanzu ECOWAS tana da sabbin sassa guda shida (Gudanar da Albarkatun Jama'a; Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu; Makamashi da Ma'adanai; Sadarwa da IT; Ci gaban Masana'antu da Kamfanoni Masu Zaman Kansu. Kwamishinan Ghana sabon kundin tsarin mulki da Taro)
Kotun Al'umma ta Shari'a Babban labarin:
Kotun ECOWAS Kotun Al’umma ta ECOWAS an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a 1991 sannan daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar da aka Gyara na Communityungiyar a 1993. Koyaya, Kotun ba ta fara aiki a hukumance ba har sai yarjejeniyar 1991 ta fara aiki a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1996. An bayyana ikon kotun a cikin Mataki na 9 da Mataki na 76 na Yarjejeniyar da aka Gyara kuma tana ba da damar yanke hukunci a kan rikice-rikice tsakanin jihohi game da fassarar Revised Yarjejeniya. Hakanan tana ba Majalisar ECOWAS shawarwari na nasiha game da lamuran doka (Mataki na 10). Kamar kotunan abokanta, Kotun Turai na 'Yancin Dan-Adam da Kotun Afirka ta Gabas ta Afirka, tana da ikon yanke hukunci kan muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi take hakkin dan adam.
Wasanni da musayar al'adu
ECasashen ECOWAS suna shirya abubuwa da yawa na al'adu da wasanni a ƙarƙashin kulawar jiki, ciki har da Kofin CEDEAO a ƙwallon ƙafa, Wasannin ECOWAS na 2012 da kuma Miss CEDEAO kyakkyawar sarauta.
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