cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Afieye Ashong
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Ashong ya fito daga Kpone Katamanso a babban yankin Accra na Ghana.
Siyasa
Ashong ya kasance memba na majalisar dokoki ta 2 da ta 3 na jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana. Aikinta na siyasa ya fara ne a cikin 1996 lokacin da ta tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar majalisa a babban zaben Ghana na 1996 a matsayin mai wakiltar mazabar Kpone Katamanso akan tikitin National Democratic Congress. Ta lashe kujerarta ta farko da jimillar kuri'u 7,901, kasancewar kashi 59.50% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. Ta sake tsayawa takara a babban zaben Ghana na shekara ta 2000 kuma ta ci gaba da rike kujerarta da kuri'u 5,420, kashi 51.35% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. Aikinta na siyasa ya ƙare lokacin da ta ba da sanarwar cewa ba za ta sake tsayawa takara a kowane zaɓe ba a wa'adin mulkinta na ƙarshe a cikin Janairu 2004.
Zabe
A lokacin babban zaben Ghana na 1996, Ashong ta samu nasara kan abokan hamayyarta da kuri'u 7,901 da ke wakiltar kashi 59.50% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada don wakiltar Kpone Katamansonas a majalisar dokoki ta biyu na jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana.[12][13] Abokan hamayyarta sun hada da George T. Noye na jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party wanda ya samu kuri'u 2,609 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 19.60% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, Emmanuel Kweku Sagoe na jam'iyyar National Convention Party shi ma ya samu kuri'u 562 da ke wakiltar kashi 4.20% na kuri'un da aka kada da Theophilus Tei Okunor na jam'iyyar. Babban taron jama'a wanda kuma ya samu kuri'u 138 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 1.00% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.
An sake zaben Ashong a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Kpone Katamanso a majalisa ta 3 a jamhuriya ta 4 a babban zaben Ghana na shekara ta 2000. An zabe ta a kan tikitin National Democratic Congress. Mazabarta wani bangare ne na kujeru 6 na majalisar dokoki daga cikin kujeru 22 da jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta lashe a wancan zaben na yankin Brong Ahafo. Jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta lashe kujeru 92 daga cikin kujeru 200 na majalisar dokoki ta 3 a jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana. An zabe ta ne da kuri'u 5420 daga cikin 10,554 da aka kada. Wannan ya yi daidai da kashi 52.2% na jimlar ƙuri'un da aka jefa. An zabe ta a kan Emmanuel Amprong Agbozo na New Patriotic Party, Godfried Allan Lomotey na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party, Theophilus Tei Okunor na Babban taron jama'a da Isaac Newtown A. Tetteh na Jam'iyyar Reform Party. Wadanda suka samu kuri'u 3,066, 1,297, 418 da 177 bi da bi cikin jimillar kuri'un da aka kada. Waɗannan sun yi daidai da 29.5%, 12.5%, 4.0% da 1.7% bi da bi na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa.
Gilchrist Nguema
Gilchrist Nguema (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Gabon wanda ke taka leda a kulob ɗin Maccabi Ahi Nazareth na Isra'ila, a matsayin mai buga wasa a baya da kuma tsakiyar baya.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
An haife shi a Libreville, Nguema ya buga wasa a Villanovense, Tourizeense da Sertanense.
A cikin shekarar 2018 Nguema ya taka leda a kulob ɗin Liga de Elite Benfica de Macau kuma ya lashe kakar 2018.
A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta 2019, Nguema ya sanya hannu a cikin ƙungiyar Leumit ta Bnei Sakhnin. A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun, 2021, Nguema ya rattaba hannu kan kulob ɗin Maccabi Ahi Nazareth.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamban, 2020, Nguema ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a Gabon.
Wikisource
Wikisource ɗakin karatu ne na dijital na yanar gizo na tushen rubutu na kyauta akan wiki, wanda Wikimedia Foundation ke sarrafa shi. Wikisource shine sunan aikin gaba ɗaya da sunan kowane misali na wannan aikin (kowane misali yawanci yana wakiltar wani harshe daban); Wikisources da yawa sun ƙunshi aikin Wikisource gabaɗaya. Manufar aikin ita ce ta dauki nauyin kowane nau'i na rubutu na kyauta, a cikin yaruka da yawa, da fassarori. Asalin da aka ɗauka a matsayin rumbun adana bayanai masu amfani ko mahimman rubutun tarihi (rubutunsa na farko shine [//fr.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Déclaration_universelle_des_Droits_de_l’Homme&oldid=1338 Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme] ), ya faɗaɗa ya zama babban ɗakin karatu na abun ciki. An fara aikin a hukumance a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2003 a ƙarƙashin sunan Project Sourceberg, wasan kwaikwayo akan shahararren Project Gutenberg. An karɓi sunan Wikisource daga baya a waccan shekarar kuma ta sami sunan yankin nata.
Aikin yana riƙe da ayyuka ko dai a cikin jama'a ko kuma masu lasisi kyauta ; ƙwararrun ayyukan da aka buga ko takaddun tushen tarihi, ba samfuran banza ba. An fara tabbatarwa ta hanyar layi, ko ta dogara da amincin sauran ɗakunan karatu na dijital. Yanzu ayyuka suna goyan bayan sikanin kan layi ta hanyar tsawaita ProofreadPage, wanda ke tabbatar da aminci da daidaiton rubutun aikin.
Wasu Wikisources guda ɗaya, kowannensu yana wakiltar takamaiman harshe, yanzu kawai yana ba da damar ayyukan da aka goyi baya tare da dubawa. Duk da yake mafi yawan tarinsa rubuce-rubuce ne, Wikisource gabaɗaya tana ɗaukar wasu kafofin watsa labarai, daga ban dariya zuwa fim zuwa littattafan sauti. Wasu kafofin Wiki suna ba da damar bayanan da aka ƙirƙiro mai amfani, dangane da takamaiman manufofin Wikisource da ake tambaya. Aikin dai ya sha suka saboda rashin aminta da shi amma kuma ƙungiyoyi irin su Hukumar Kula da Tarihi ta Ƙasa ta bayyana shi.
Tun daga September 2022, akwai Reshen yanki na Wikisource masu aiki don harsuna 72 wanda ya ƙunshi jimillar labarai 5,388,567 da 2,142 editoci masu aiki kwanan nan.
Tarihi
Asalin ra'ayi na Wikisource ya kasance azaman ajiya don amfani ko mahimman rubutun tarihi. An yi nufin waɗannan matani don tallafawa labaran Wikipedia, ta hanyar ba da shaida ta farko da rubutun tushe, kuma azaman ma'ajiya ta dama. Tarin ya fara mayar da hankali kan mahimman kayan tarihi da al'adu, wanda ya bambanta shi da sauran ɗakunan ajiya na dijital kamar aikin Project Gutenberg. An fara kiran aikin Project Sourceberg a lokacin shirye-shiryensa (wasan kwaikwayo akan kalmomi na Project Gutenberg ).
A cikin 2001, an sami saɓani akan Wikipedia game da ƙarin kayan asali na farko, wanda ke haifar da gyara yaƙe-yaƙe kan haɗa su ko share su. An ba da shawarar Project Sourceberg a matsayin mafita ga wannan. A cikin bayanin aikin da aka tsara, mai amfani The Cunctator ya ce, "Zai kasance ga Project Gutenberg abin da Wikipedia ke nufi Nupedia ," nan da nan yana fayyace bayanin tare da "ba za mu so mu yi ƙoƙarin kwafin ƙoƙarin Gutenberg ba; maimakon haka, mu so su cika su. Wataƙila Project Sourceberg zai iya aiki da yawa azaman hanyar sadarwa don haɗawa cikin sauƙi daga Wikipedia zuwa fayil ɗin Gutenberg na Project, kuma azaman hanyar sadarwa don mutane don ƙaddamar da sabon aiki cikin sauƙi ga PG." Bayanan farko sun kasance masu shakku, tare da Larry Sanger ya yi tambaya game da bukatar aikin, yana rubuta "Tambaya mai wuyar gaske, ina tsammani, me ya sa muke sake inganta motar, lokacin da Project Gutenberg ya riga ya wanzu? Za mu so mu cika Project Gutenberg - ta yaya, daidai?", da Jimmy Wales ya kara da cewa "kamar Larry, Ina sha'awar cewa mu yi tunanin shi don ganin abin da za mu iya ƙarawa zuwa Project Gutenberg. Da alama ba zai yiwu ba cewa tushen farko ya kamata kowa ya iya gyarawa - Ina nufin, Shakespeare ne, sabanin sharhin mu game da aikinsa, wanda shine duk abin da muke so ya kasance."
Aikin ya fara aikinsa a ps.wikipedia.org. Masu ba da gudummawa sun fahimci yanki na "PS" don nufin ko dai " tushen asali" ko Project Sourceberg. Koyaya, wannan ya haifar da Project Sourceberg ya mamaye reshen yanki na Pashto Wikipedia ( lambar yaren ISO na yaren Pashto shine "ps").
An ƙaddamar da Project Sourceberg a hukumance a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2003 lokacin da ya sami URL ɗin nasa na ɗan lokaci, a Source.wikipedia.org, kuma duk rubutu da tattaunawa da aka shirya akan ps.wikipedia.org an koma zuwa adireshin wucin gadi. Kuri'a akan sunan aikin ya canza shi zuwa Wikisource a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 2003. Duk da canjin suna, aikin bai ƙaura zuwa URL ɗinsa na dindindin ba (a http://wikisource.org/ ) har zuwa Yuli 23, 2004.
Logo da taken
Tun da farko ana kiran Wikisource "Project Sourceberg", tambarin sa na farko hoton dutsen kankara ne. Ƙuri'u biyu da aka gudanar don zabar wanda zai gaje shi bai cika ba, kuma ainihin tambarin ya kasance har zuwa 2006. A ƙarshe, saboda dalilai na doka da na fasaha—saboda lasisin hoton bai dace da tambarin Gidauniyar Wikimedia ba kuma saboda hoto ba zai iya yin awo da kyau ba—wani salo mai salo na kankara wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga ainihin hoton an ba shi izinin zama tambarin aikin.
Fitacciyar hanyar farko ta amfani da taken Wikisource— Laburaren Kyauta — ya kasance a tashar yanar gizo na aikin, lokacin da aka sake fasalin ta bisa ga tashar Wikipedia a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 2005, (sigar tarihi). Kamar yadda yake a cikin tashar Wikipedia, taken Wikisource ya bayyana a kusa da tambarin cikin manyan harsuna goma na aikin.
Danna kan tsakiyar Hotunan portal (tambarin kankara a tsakiya da kuma "Wikisource" a saman shafin) yana haɗe zuwa jerin fassarori na Wikisource da Laburaren Kyauta a cikin harsuna 60.
An gina kayan aikin
Mai haɓakawa ThomasV ne ya ƙirƙira ƙarin MediaWiki mai suna ProofreadPage don Wikisource don inganta tantance kwafin aikin. Wannan yana nuna shafukan ayyukan da aka duba tare da rubutun da ke da alaƙa da wannan shafin, yana ba da damar karanta rubutun kuma kowane edita ya tabbatar da kansa da kansa. Da zarar an duba littafi, ko wani rubutu, za a iya canza danyen hotuna tare da manhaja na sarrafa hoto don gyara jujjuyawar shafi da wasu matsaloli. Hotunan da aka sake taɓa za a iya canza su zuwa fayil ɗin PDF ko DjVu kuma a loda su zuwa ko dai Wikisource ko Wikimedia Commons.
Wannan tsarin yana taimakawa masu gyara don tabbatar da daidaiton rubutu akan Wikisource. Sikanin shafin na asali na ayyukan da aka kammala suna kasancewa ga kowane mai amfani domin a iya gyara kurakurai daga baya kuma masu karatu su iya duba rubutu akan na asali. ProofreadPage kuma yana ba da damar shiga mafi girma, tun da samun damar yin kwafin ainihin aikin ba lallai ba ne don samun damar ba da gudummawa ga aikin da zarar an ɗora hotuna. Don haka yana haɓaka himmar aikin ga ka'idar Wikimedia wanda kowa zai iya ba da gudummawarsa.
ThomasV ya gina wasu kayan aikin kuma: lokacin da aka tattauna zaɓin ko a buga bayanan ko a'a, ya yi na'ura don ba da zaɓi tsakanin matani kaɗai ko nassosi. Lokacin da aka yi magana game da zaɓi na zamani ko a'a, sai ya sake yin wata na'ura don sabunta ainihin rubutun kawai lokacin da ake so, ta yadda za a iya yanke shawarar cewa nassin da kansu su kasance na asali.
Matsaloli
A cikin makonni biyu da fara aikin a hukumance a Source.wikipedia.org, an ƙirƙiri shafuka sama da 1,000, inda aka ayyana kusan 200 a matsayin ainihin labarai. A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2004, Wikisource ta yi maraba da mai amfani da ita na 100 da aka yi rajista. A farkon Yuli, 2004 adadin labaran ya wuce 2,400, kuma fiye da masu amfani da 500 sun yi rajista. A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2005, akwai masu amfani da rajista 2667 (ciki har da masu gudanarwa 18) da kusan labarai 19,000. Aikin ya wuce gyara na 96,000 a wannan rana.
A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2005, Wikisource ta Ingilishi ta ƙaddamar da raka'a 20,000 na rubutu a cikin wata na uku na kasancewarta, wanda ya riga ya riƙe ƙarin rubutu fiye da yadda aka yi gaba ɗayan aikin a cikin Afrilu (kafin ƙaura zuwa ƙananan yanki na harshe). A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Wikisource ta Ingilishi ta wuce raka'a 100,000 na rubutu tare da Babi LXXIV na Watanni Shida a Fadar White House, abin tunawa na mai zane Francis Bicknell Carpenter. A cikin Nuwamba, 2011, 250,000 rubutu-raka'a aka wuce. Amma ƙirgawa yana da wahala saboda abin da ya ƙunshi naúrar rubutu ba za a iya fayyace shi a fili ba.
A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2006, an ƙirƙiri [//fr.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Portail:Philosophie&oldid=91377 tashar Wikisource ta farko].
Abubuwan da ke cikin ɗakin karatu
Wikisource tana tattarawa da adanawa a cikin sigar dijital da aka buga a baya; ciki har da litattafai, ayyukan da ba na almara, haruffa, jawabai, kundin tsarin mulki da na tarihi, dokoki da kewayon sauran takardu. Duk rubutun da aka tattara ko dai kyauta ne na haƙƙin mallaka ko kuma an fitar da su a ƙarƙashin Lasisin Ƙarƙashin Ƙirƙirar Raba-Aiki. Ana maraba da rubutu a cikin duk harsuna, kamar yadda ake fassarorin. Baya ga matani, Wikisource tana ɗaukar abubuwa kamar su ban dariya, fina-finai, rikodi da ayyukan magana. Duk rubutun da Wikisource ke riƙe dole ne an buga shi a baya; aikin ba ya ɗaukar nauyin "littattafai na banza " ko takaddun da masu ba da gudummawa suka samar.
An fi son tushen da aka bincika akan yawancin Wikisources kuma ana buƙata akan wasu. Yawancin majiyoyin Wiki, duk da haka, za su karɓi ayyukan da aka rubuta daga tushen layi ko aka samu daga wasu ɗakunan karatu na dijital. Hakanan za'a iya watsi da buƙatun buƙatun farko a cikin ƙananan lokuta idan aikin ya kasance takaddar tushe mai mahimmancin tarihi. Abubuwan da ake bukata na doka don yin lasisi ko kyauta ba tare da haƙƙin mallaka ba ya kasance koyaushe.
Reshen yanki na harshe
An ƙirƙiri wani sigar Ibrananci dabam na Wikisource ( he.wikisource.org ) a cikin Agusta 2004. Bukatar shafin yanar gizon Ibrananci na musamman wanda aka samo daga wahalar bugawa da gyara rubutun Ibrananci a cikin mahalli na hagu zuwa dama (an rubuta Ibrananci dama-zuwa-hagu). A cikin watanni masu zuwa, masu ba da gudummawa a cikin wasu harsuna ciki har da Jamusanci sun nemi nasu wikis, amma ƙuri'a da aka yi a watan Disamba kan ƙirƙirar wuraren yare daban-daban ba ta cika ba. A ƙarshe, ƙuri'a ta biyu da ta ƙare ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2005, ta goyi bayan ɗaukar reshen yanki na harshe daban-daban a Wikisource da babban tazara, wanda ya baiwa kowane harshe damar ɗaukar rubutun sa akan nasa wiki.
Bion Vibber ne ya kafa yarukan farko na harsuna 14 a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 2005. Sabbin harsunan ba su haɗa da Ingilishi ba, amma lambar en: an saita na ɗan lokaci don turawa zuwa babban gidan yanar gizon ( wikisource.org ). A wannan lokacin, al'ummar Wikisource, ta hanyar babban aikin da hannu na rarraba dubunnan shafuka da nau'ikan ta hanyar harshe, an shirya don bugu na biyu na shigo da shafuka zuwa wiki na gida. A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2005, an sake saita wikisource.org wiki don ba da damar fassarar Ingilishi, tare da wasu harsuna 8 waɗanda aka ƙirƙira da sanyin safiyar wannan rana da kuma daren da ya gabata. An ƙirƙiri ƙarin harsuna uku a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2006, sannan aka yi wata babbar ƙirƙira ta harsuna 14 a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2006.
Harsunan da ba su da yanki suna cikin gida. harsuna 182 ana gudanar da su a cikin gida.
Tun daga October 2022, akwai wuraren yanki na wikisource don harsuna 74 waɗanda 72 ke aiki kuma 2 ke rufe. Shafukan da ke aiki suna da 5,397,970 kuma rufaffen rukunin yanar gizon suna da labarai 13. Akwai masu amfani da rajista 4,280,611 waɗanda 2,063 ke aiki kwanan nan.
Manyan ayyukan yaren Wikisource guda goma ta ƙididdigar labarin babban sararin samaniya:
Domin cikakken jeri tare da jimlar duba Ƙididdigar Wikimedia:
wikisource.org
Yayin ƙaura zuwa ƙananan yanki na harshe, al'umma sun nemi cewa babban gidan yanar gizon wikisource.org ya kasance wiki mai aiki, don yin ayyuka uku:
Tunanin takamaiman tsarin haɗin gwiwar wiki, wanda aka fara gane shi a Wikisource, kuma ya cigaba da kasancewa a cikin wani aikin na Wikimedia, wato a Beta Wiki na Wikiversity. Kamar wikisource.org, tana hidimar haɗin gwiwar Wikiversity a cikin duk harsuna, da kuma azaman incubator. Amma ba kamar Wikisource ba, Babban Shafi nata baya aiki azaman tasharta na harsuna da yawa (wanda ba shafin wiki bane).
Kofi Attor
Kofi Attor (an haife shi 3 Disamba 1954) ɗan siyasa ne kuma memba na Jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana, mai wakiltar mazabar Ho ta tsakiya a yankin Volta na Ghana.
Wikisource
liyafa
Mawallafin Wikipedia Larry Sanger ya soki Wikisource, da ƴar'uwar aikin Wiktionary, saboda yanayin haɗin gwiwa da fasaha na waɗannan ayyukan yana nufin babu kulawa daga masana kuma don haka abubuwan da ke cikin su ba su da aminci.
Kofi Attor
Ilimi
Kofi ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin zamantakewa kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha da nazarin ci gaba. Ya halarci The Hague a Netherlands da Jami'ar Ghana, inda ya sami digiri na farko da kuma B.A a kan kimiyyar siyasa.
Wikisource
liyafa
Bart D. Ehrman, masanin Sabon Alkawari kuma farfesa a fannin nazarin addini a Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill, ya soki shirin Wikisource na Ingilishi na ƙirƙirar fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki da mai amfani ya samar yana mai cewa "Dimokraɗiyya ba lallai ba ne don samun guraben karatu. ." Richard Elliott Friedman, masanin Tsohon Alkawari kuma farfesa na nazarin Yahudawa a Jami'ar Jojiya, ya gano kurakurai a cikin fassarar Littafin Farawa kamar na 2008.
Kofi Attor
Aiki
Kofi ya kasance jami'in gudanarwa, lauya kuma tsohon babban jami'in gudanarwa na Asusun Zuba Jari na Ghana don Sadarwar Lantarki (GIFEC).
Sana'ar siyasa
Kofi ya kasance memba na National Democratic Congress. An zabe shi a Majalisar farko ta Jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana a ranar 7 ga Janairu 1993 bayan nasararsa a zaben majalisar dokokin Ghana na 1992 (wanda aka gudanar a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1992).
An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Ho ta tsakiya a majalisa ta 3 ta jamhuriya ta hudu.
Wikisource
liyafa
A shekara ta 2011, Wikisource ta Turanci ta sami manyan takardu masu inganci daga Hukumar Kula da Rubuce-Rubuce ta Kasa (NARA) a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarinsu na "ƙara samun damar shiga da kuma ganin abubuwan da aka mallaka." Sarrafa da loda zuwa Commons na waɗannan takaddun, tare da hotuna da yawa daga tarin NARA, wani NARA Wikimedian ne ya sauƙaƙa a wurin zama, Dominic McDevitt-Parks. Yawancin waɗannan takaddun an rubuta su kuma an gyara su ta hanyar al'ummar Wikisource kuma an nuna su azaman hanyoyin haɗin kai a cikin kundin tarihin kan layi na Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa.
Kofi Attor
Zabe
A lokacin babban zaben Ghana na shekarar 1996, ya samu kuri'u 49,999 daga cikin sahihin kuri'u 58,282 da aka kada, wanda ke nuna kashi 74.10 cikin 100 a kan abokan hamayyarsa (Geoffery Quarshie Dzormeku ya samu kuri'u 2,914, John N. K. Akorli da kuri'u 1,342, Salorikr Odik, da Alex Kyerekrdi 43, Alex Polled 1,342). -Owusu ya samu kuri'u 393).
An zabi Kofi a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Ho ta tsakiya a babban zaben Ghana na shekara ta 2000. Ya ci zabe. Mazabarsa wani bangare ne na kujerun majalisa 17 daga cikin kujeru 19, wanda jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta lashe zaben na yankin Volta.
Jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta lashe kujerun 'yan majalisa 92 daga cikin kujeru 200 a majalisar dokoki ta 3 ta jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana. An zabe shi da kuri'u 37,131 da aka jefa. Wannan ya yi daidai da kashi 83.30 cikin 100 na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa.
An zabe shi a kan John N.K Akorli na New Patriotic Party, Eli Kotoku Eliikem na Convention People's Party, Cousin Doamekpor na National Reform Party, Mathias Sinbad Adom na United Ghana Movement, Alfa Anas Hamidu na Peoples National Convention Party, da kuma Stephen B. Ashhun, dan takara mai zaman kansa. Wadannan ‘yan adawa sun samu kuri’u 3,812, 2,228, 1,043, 238, 110 da 0. Wannan yana daidai da 8.60%, 5.00%, 2.30%, 0.50%, 0.20% and 0.00% na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada.
Oladayo Popoola
Oladayo Popoola ( Yoruba  ; An haife shi 26 Fabrairu 1944) Manjo-Janar na Najeriya ne mai ritaya wanda ya taba zama gwamnan mulkin soja na jihar Oyo (Janairu 1984 - Agusta 1985) a lokacin mulkin soja na Manjo-Janar Muhammadu Buhari, sannan aka nada shi Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Ogun (Agusta 1985 - 1986) lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Ibrahim Babangida.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Oladayo Popoola a ranar 26 ga Fabrairun 1944. Ya yi karatun sakandire a garin Ikire na jihar Osun. Ya shiga aikin soja kuma ya ci gaba da hawa mukami, inda ya zama mataimakin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro a babbar hukumar Najeriya ta Indiya, darakta a kwalejin ma’aikata ta Jaji, da kuma shugaban gudanarwa da kuma shugaban hedikwatar rundunar sojoji.
Gwamnan Oyo Da Oyo
An nada shi gwamnan soja a jihar Oyo a watan Janairun 1984 sannan kuma gwamnan jihar Ogun a watan Agustan 1985. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Mulki na wucin gadi.
Najeriya da Kamaru sun yi sabani game da mallakar yankin Bakassi, wanda ake tunanin yana da dimbin arzikin mai, inda aka fara gwabzawa lokaci-lokaci a shekarar 1994. A watan Nuwamba 1998, Najeriya da Kamaru sun yi musayar fursunonin yaki. A matsayinsa na kwamandan sojojin Najeriya a yankin (82 Mechanized Division, Enugu), Janar Oladayo Popoola ya ce an yi musayar ne a cikin ta hanyar sulhu a tsakanin kasashen biyu".
Lauya
Yayin da yake aikin soja, Popoola ya karanci shari'a a jami'ar Legas a matsayin dalibi na wucin gadi, inda ya samu LL. B. digiri. Daga baya ya halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya, Legas kuma ya zama Barista a fannin Shari'a.  A watan Maris na shekarar 1999, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin shugaban kasa kan zabin ci gaban yankin Neja Delta, wanda ya ba da shawarar a kara kudade domin raya ababen more rayuwa da kafa kwamitin tuntuba na Neja Delta. An bukaci Popoola ya yi ritaya daga farkon jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kamar yadda sauran tsofaffin gwamnonin sojoji da masu mulki suka yi. A 2004, yana aiki a matsayin manajan darakta na Daybis Printing Press, wani kamfani a Ibadan.
Ahmed Idris Wase
Ahmed Idris (wanda aka fi sani da Ahmed Idris Wase, an haife shi 1 wata Yuni 1964) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama mataimakin kakakin majalisar wakilai ta Najeriya ta 9. Shi memba ne na All Progressive Congress
Ilimi da rayuwar sirri
Idris ya halarci makarantar LSB Primary School Bashar a Wase, Plateau, Government Secondary School Mbar, Government Secondary School Dengi, Plateau Polytechnic, Kaduna Polytechnic da Harvard Kennedy School of Government United States.
Abubuwan da ya sa a gaba a siyasance su ne ilimi, lafiya, kyawawan hanyoyi da ruwa. Haka nan da aka ba shi izinin zama kamar haka; daukar nauyin bayar da tallafin karatu ga dalibai, bunkasar ababen more rayuwa wanda ya hada da: fitulun titi mai amfani da hasken rana, famfo na hannu da rijiyoyin burtsatse, gyaran cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko, gina cibiyoyin koyon sana’o’i, aikin gina tituna da gyara makarantun sakandare da firamare.
Ya kasance mai fafutukar karfafawa matasa gwiwa da kawar da talauci. Ya cim ma hakan ne ta hanyar: bayar da tallafi ga Matasa da kuma samar da abubuwan jin kai ga marasa galihu.
An zabe shi mataimakin kakakin majalisar wakilai ta 9, da kuri'u 358 ba tare da hamayya ba.
Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Mata da kare 'yancin su
Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Mata da kare Hakkinsu ( WHER ) kungiyar mata ce ta Najeriya, wacce LBSMW ke jagoranta kuma kungiyace mai zaman kanta, mai mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ilimin ra'ayi game da jima'i da yanayin jima'i, samar da dandamali don haɓaka jin daɗin rayuwa da kare haƙƙoƙin LBSMW da kuma ba da damar samun kiwon lafiya da sauran ayyukan tallafi ga matan LBQ ta hanyar ba da shawarwari,  ilimantarwa, ƙarfafawa,  da goyon bayan zamantakewar su.
Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Mata da Kare Hakkin su (WHER) shine shiri na farko ta LBSMW da aka kafa a 2011 a Abuja daga Akudo Oguaghamba. A matsayin hadin gwiwa da Ƙungiyar Solidarity Alliance for Human Rights da sauran abokan hulda da tushen memba na daidaikun mutane da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke aiki kan karewa da haɓaka haƙƙin ɗan adam na tsirarun jinsi dangane da jima'i, WHER tana himmantuwa da bayar da shawarwari don ci gaba da tabbatar da tabbatar da cewa haƙƙin ɗan adam sun daidaita da kuma samun dama ga mata marasa 'yanci a Najeriya. Sun aiwatar da tsarin kula da lafiyar hankali da horar da 'yancin ɗan adam, tarurrukan ƙarfafa kuɗi, wayar da kan jama'a, ayyukan ilmantar da al'umma. Wanda ya hada da sabuwar dabara ta Sister2Sister da nufin horarwa da gina shugabanni a duk fadin kasar don ba da shawarwari, tallafawa takwarorinsu da kuma daidaita hanyoyin sadarwa na gida a garuruwan su.
Thomas Kweku Aubyn
Thomas Kweku Aubyn ɗan siyasa ne a kasar Ghana ne kuma ɗan majalisa na biyu na jamhuriya ta huɗu mai wakiltar mazabar Gomoa ta Gabas a yankin tsakiyar Ghana.
Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Thomas Kweku Aubyn a Gabas ta Gomoa a yankin tsakiyar Ghana.
Siyasa
An fara zaben Aubyn a matsayin dan majalisa a kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress na mazabar Gomoa ta Gabas a yankin tsakiyar Ghana a lokacin babban zaben Ghana na 1996. Ya samu kuri'u 18,390 daga cikin 29,720 masu inganci da aka kada wanda ke wakiltar kashi 43.20% akan Kofi Nyarko-Annan na New Patriotic Party wanda ya samu kuri'u 10,547 da ke wakiltar 24.80% da Abraham Kofi Sackey na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party wanda ya samu kuri'u 783 da ke wakiltar 1.80%.
Saf
SAF, SAF ko saf yana nufin:
Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Nijar
Kungiyar kwallon kafar mata ta Nijar ta wakilci Nijar a wasan kwallon kafa na duniya na mata. Hukumar kwallon kafa ta Nijar ce ke tafiyar da ita. Ta buga wasanni hudu da FIFA ta amince da su, biyu daga cikinsu sun yi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Burkina Faso a shekarar 2007. Akwai kungiyar mata ‘yan kasa da shekaru 20 da ya kamata ta shiga gasar cin kofin mata na ‘yan kasa da shekaru 19 na Afirka a shekarar 2002 amma ta janye kafin buga wasa. Akwai matsalolin da ke tasiri ga ci gaban wasan kwallon kafa na mata a Afirka da ya shafi Nijar.
Fage da ci gaba
Farkon cigaban wasan mata a lokacin turawan mulkin mallaka sun kawo wasan kwallon kafa a nahiyar ya takaita ne yayin da turawan mulkin mallaka a yankin suka yi kokarin daukar ra'ayin maza na kabilanci da shigar mata cikin wasanni da su zuwa ga al'adun gida wadanda suke da irin wannan tunani a cikin su. Rashin ci gaban tawagar 'yan wasan kasar daga baya a matakin kasa da kasa na alamomin dukkan kungiyoyin Afirka ya samo asali ne sakamakon dalilai da dama, ciki har da karancin damar samun ilimi, talauci tsakanin mata a cikin al'umma, da rashin daidaito a tsakanin al'umma da ke ba da damar lokaci-lokaci. ga takamaiman mata na take hakkin ɗan adam. Lokacin da aka haɓaka ƙwararrun ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mata, sun kan tafi don samun damammaki a ƙasashen waje. Nahiyar gabaɗaya, ba da kuɗi kuma batu ne, tare da mafi yawan kuɗin ci gaban da ke zuwa daga FIFA, ba ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ba. Nan gaba, nasarar wasan kwallon kafa na mata a Afirka ya dogara ne da ingantattun kayan aiki da samun damar mata zuwa wadannan wuraren. Kokarin tallata wasan da kuma sanya shi yin kasuwanci ba shine mafita ba, kamar yadda ake nunawa a halin yanzu da damammakin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na matasa da na mata da ake gudanarwa a fadin nahiyar.
An kafa hukumar kwallon kafa ta Nijar ne a shekara ta 1967 kuma a waccan shekarar ta zama kungiyar ta FIFA. Fifa trigramme shine NIG. Kungiyar ta kasa ba ta da ma’aikaci na cikakken lokaci da aka sadaukar domin mata, kuma babu wani tanadi na kungiya ko tsarin mulki musamman da ya shafi wasan mata.
Babu wani shiri na wasan kwallon kafa na mata da aka yi a kasar duk da cewa wasan kwallon kafa na daya daga cikin wasannin da suka fi shahara a kasar nan a shekarar 2009. Ga mata ko da yake, ƙwallon kwando shine mafi shaharar wasan shiga. A cikin shekarar 2006, akwai ƴan wasa mata masu rijista da sifili da kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da aka yiwa rajista na mata kaɗai. Kungiyar Hadin Kan Watsa Labarai da Supersport ta kasa da kasa ce ta sayi ‘yancin yada gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar 2011 a kasar.
Tawaga
A cikin shekarar 1985, kusan babu wata ƙasa a duniya da ke da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ciki har da Nijar wacce a hukumance ba ta da babbar ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasa kafin shekarar 2006  kuma FIFA ta farko ta sami karbuwa a duniya a shekarar 2007 lokacin da suka fafata a Tournoi. de Cinq Nations da aka gudanar a Ouagadougou. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, sun yi rashin nasara a hannun Burkina Faso da ci 0-10. A ranar 6 ga Satumba, sun yi rashin nasara a hannun Burkina Faso da ci 0-5. Kasar ba ta da tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta shekarar 2010 a lokacin wasannin share fage ko kuma na shekarar  2011 na dukkan wasannin Afirka. A watan Yunin shekarar 2012, FIFA ba ta sanya ƙungiyar a matsayi na duniya ba. FIFA ba ta taba sanyawa kasar lamba ba.
Kasar ta samu kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta ‘yan kasa da shekaru 19 a Nijar, wadanda suka fafata a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ‘yan kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2002, gasar da aka gudanar a karon farko. Sun yi ban kwana a zagayen farko. A wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe, ya kamata su kara da Morocco amma Nijar ta fice daga gasar.
Kiran baya-bayan nan
'Yan wasa masu zuwa an kira su zuwa tawagar Nijar a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata.
Siaka Stevens (Dan siyasar Ghana)
Stevens Siaka ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma memba a majalisar dokoki ta bakwai na jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar Jaman ta Arewa a yankin Bono akan tikitin New Patriotic Party. Siaka Stevens ya kasance tsohon shugaban kwamitin zaben majalisar dokoki kan ilimi kuma a yanzu shi ne mataimakin ministan yankin Bono.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Siaka a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1964. Ya yi digirinsa na biyu a fannin Public Administration da Post Graduate Diploma a GIMPA. Ya kuma yi digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanarwa da Difloma a fannin Accounting and Business Management daga Jami’ar Ilimi ta Winneba. Ya kuma yi Diploma a fannin Accounting da Business Management daga Kwalejin Koyarwa ta Cambridge da ke Landan. Ya kuma sami takardar shaidarsa a fannin shari'ar kasuwanci daga Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanarwa.
Siyasa
Siaka memba ne na New Patriotic Party. Ya kasance mataimakin ministan yanki na yankin Bono daga ranar 27 ga Maris 2019 zuwa Janairu 2021.
Marylize Biubwa
Marylize Biubwa tsohuwar bakar fata ce mai sha'awar mata kuma mai fafutukan neman yanci. Fafutukar Biubwa ya ta'allaka ne akan adalci na zamantakewa tare da mai da hankali kan rashin adalci tsakanin jinsi, yayin da ra'ayinta na 'yancin mata sun kasance tsaka-tsaki dangane da 'yancin ɗan adam. Ita yar luwaɗi ce, kuma yar madigo kuma memba ce ta kungiyar LGBTIQGNC+.
Rayuwa
Biubwa ta taso a Nairobi, Kenya. An yi mata fyade a lokacinda take da shekaru 10 a duniya.
A Nasty Boy
A Nasty Boy Mujallar kwalliya ce ta Najeriya wacce aka kafa a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2017. Ita ce Mujallar LGBTQ ta farko a Najeriya. Littafin ya wallafa labari don murna da labarain mutane, da muryoyin al'ummar LGBTQ da aka ware a Najeriya. Richard Akuson, lauya ɗan Najeriya, ɗan jarida, marubuci, edita, kuma shugaban zartarwa na PR ne ya kafa mujallar sa A Nasty Boy. A watan Yunin 2017, an bayyana mujallar A Nasty Boy a cikin labaran CNN. wanda aka ƙaddamar zuwa sassan duniya. Ba da dadewa ba, Dazed ya ayyana littafin a matsayin mujalla da zai janyo rigima a Najeriya, editocin mujallarVogue sun jero A Nasty Boy a cikin jerin abun karantawa na wannan karon, kamar yadda editocin Vogue suka zaɓo. Mujallar ta sha martabawa daga The Guardian, BBC, France24's The Observers, 1843 Magazine, iD, OkayAfrica,  Mic, da dai sauransu.
Ayyuka
Gasar Dabarun
Don shirin "LGBT pride" na 2017, A Nasty Boy tare da hadin gwiwar WeTransfer, da kuma cibiyar sadarwa, The Dots don nuna tsararraki na gaba na kazakan LGBTQ da suke wanzuwa a duniya.
Jerin Nasty 40
A shekara ta 2018, don jerin ƙaddamarwa na A Nasty Boy, mujallar ta ba da haske ga hazakai guda 40 waɗanda ke lalata al'ada ta hanyar fasaha, daukar hoto, rubutu da makamantansu. Jerin ya ƙunshi masu fasaha irin su Ruth Ossai, Adebayo Oke Lawal, Papa Oppong, Yagazie Emezi, da kuma Rich Mnisi.
A watan Janairun 2020, wanda ya kafa shirin wato Richard Akuson ya ba da sanarwar cewa Vincent Desmond zai maye gurbinsa a matsayin sabon edita kuma mawallafin mujallar.
Alex Moucketou-Moussounda
Alex Yowan Kevin Moucketou-Moussounda (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba 2000), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Gabon wanda ke taka leda a kulob ɗin Aris Limassol FC na Cyprus, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gabon.
Kulob/Ƙungiya
Bayan wasa na wasu yanayi a gida a cikin babban wasa tare da Mangasport da AS Bouenguidi, a lokacin rani na 2021 ya koma Aris Limassol, kulob a gasar cin kofin Cypriot.
Ƙasashen Duniya
A ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba, 2021, Moucketou-Moussounda ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da 'yan wasan kasar Gabon da suka yi nasara da Angola da ci 2-0, don samun tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA na 2022 a Qatar.
André Biyogo Poko
André Ivan Biyogo Poko (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Maris 1993) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Gabon wanda kwanan nan ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar Altay ta Turkiyya da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gabon. Ya kasance cikin tawagar kasar Gabon a gasar AFCON ta 2021 a Kamaru.
Sana'a/Aiki
A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2011, Biyogo Poko ya koma Bordeaux na Ligue 1 na Faransa kan kwantiragin shekaru uku.
Ya wakilci kasarsa a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika a 2012, inda Gabon, a matsayin mai karbar bakuncin gasar, ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da karshe.
Mutanen Soninke
Mutanen Soninke ƙabila ce ta yammacin Afirka da ke magana da harshen Mande a Mali, Fouta Djallon, kudancin Mauritania, gabashin Senegal, Guinea da Gambia. Suna magana da yaren Soninke, wanda kuma ake kira Serakhulle ko harshen Azer, wanda shine ɗayan yarukan Mande. Mutanen Soninke sune suka kafa tsohuwar daular Ghana ko Wagadou c. 300–1240 CE, Ƙungiyoyin Soninke sun haɗa da Maraka da Wangara. Lokacin da aka lalata daular Ghana, ƴan kasashen waje sun kawo Soninkes zuwa Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinée-Conakry, Jamhuriyar Ghana ta zamani, da kuma Guinea-Bissau inda wasu 'yan kasuwa suka yi kasuwanci. aka kira Wangara.
Galibin Musulmai, Soninke na daya daga cikin kabilun farko daga yammacin Afirka da suka musulunta a kusan karni na 10. An kiyasta yawan mutanen Soninke na wannan zamani sun haura miliyan biyu. Ayyukan al'adun mutanen Soninke suna kama da mutanen Mandé, da na Imraguen na Mauritania. Sun hada da al'adun Musulunci na auratayya, kaciya, da kuma daidaita zamantakewa.
Kabilanci
Suna nufin kansu da kalmar "Soninké", wanda shine ainihin kalmar "Soninko", to amma kuma ana kiran su "Sarakholés" ta Wolofs, "Marakas" ta Bambaras, "Wangara" ta Mandinka, "Wakoré". " ta Songhais, ko ma "Toubakai". "Marka" shine sunan da aka san su a Mali a yankin Kayes, Koulikoro, Sikasso, Ségou, Mopti da Burkina Faso a cikin na Dafina.
Kalmar "Serakhulle," ko da yake sau da yawa ana da'awar cewa kalmar Wolof ce, an yi amfani da ita ga Soninke aƙalla a ƙarni na 16 kuma al'ummomi suna amfani da kalmar har zuwa Gambiya da ƙasar Hausa. Jahankas, rukuni na rukuni, suna magana da kansu kamar yadda ake cire Serakhulle. A tarihi, kalmar "Soninke" tana ɗauke da ma'anoni mara kyau a cikin Futa Djallon da Senegambia, don haka mafi yawan amfani da kalmar "Serakhulle."
Tarihi
Bisa ga al'adar baka ta Soninke, kakan Soninke shine Dinga, wani lokaci ana cewa ya fito daga Gabas ta Tsakiya (ko da yake irin wannan labarin ba zai yuwu ba, kamar yadda alamar "Tsakiya ta Tsakiya" ta zo bayan Mande ya Musulunta),  'ya'yan sun hada da Dyabe Sisse, wanda ya kafa masarautar Wagadu mai babban birnin Kumbi. Wata al’adar Soninke ta nuna cewa sun yi hijira daga Aswan, Masar. Duk da haka ka'idodin asalin ƙasashen waje kusan gaba ɗaya suna shakka / watsi da masana kuma an yi imani da su sakamakon tasirin al'adun Eurasiatic daga baya (Wato Larabawa da Faransanci). Shaidar archaeological tana goyan bayan juyin halitta na Daular Ghana da sauran jihohin Mande daga tushe a gabanin al'adun Soninke na gida kamar na Dhar Tichitt, maimakon daga Arewacin Afirka ko Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Rubuce-rubucen farko game da Soninke sun fito ne daga malaman tarihin Musulunci na farko. Soninke, bisa ga waɗannan bayanan, su ne waɗanda suka kafa tsohuwar daular Ghana (kada a ruɗe su da Ghana ta zamani), wanda ake kira daular Wagadu. Wannan daular dai ta samo asali ne tun a karni na 5 AD kuma ta ruguje da ita kusan karni na 12, bayan da musulmi suka fara mamaye wannan yanki a karni na 10.
Ƙididdiga da rarrabawa
A wannan zamani, jimillar mutanen Soninke ya haura miliyan biyu. Ana samun mutanen Soninke a ko'ina cikin Afirka ta Yamma da kuma a Faransa, saboda gudun hijirar da suka yi a lokacin da Senegal da Mali ke cikin daular Faransa ta mulkin mallaka.
Yawancin mutanen Soninke ana samun su ne a kwarin kogin Senegal na sama da kuma kan iyakar Mali-Senegal-Mauritania tsakanin Nara da Nioro du Sahel. Hijira a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Faransa ya sa Soninke da yawa suka gina al'ummomi a Dakar, wasu biranen Afirka da Faransa. Al'ummar Soninke sune farkon mazauna Faransa, al'ummarsu tana cikin Paris da kuma a kudancin Faransanci, kuma harshensu shine yare na farko da ake magana da shi tsakanin yawancin al'ummomin musulmi na Faransa. Har ila yau, akwai Soninke da yawa da ke zaune a birane a fadin Afirka ta Tsakiya, yawan mutanen da suka hada da sababbin bakin haure da kuma zuriyar hijira tun daga shekarun 1800, kamar kwamfutocin da ke wakiltar 'yan kasuwa na Faransa da na mulkin mallaka a yankin.
Cibiyoyin kasuwanci karkashin jagorancin kungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa na Wangara, sun yada al'adun Soninke a cikin mafi yawan Mali da Senegal, kudancin Mauritania, arewacin Burkina Faso, da kuma wasu sassan Gambia, da Guinea-Bissau. Al'ummomin 'yan kasuwa na Maraka-Soninke da gonaki (wanda ke tsakiyar arewacin birnin Segou, Mali) sun kasance tushen tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin daular Bambara, kuma sun gina hanyoyin kasuwanci a yankin yammacin Afirka.
Addini
Mutanen Soninke sun kasance hanyar kasuwanci ta bakin teku tsakanin mutanen Berber na yankin Maghreb da sauran dauloli a yammacin Afirka. A cikin tarihinsu na farko, sun taimaka musanya gishiri daga arewaci da gabar tekun yamma don zinare da aka samu a cikin ƙasa. Wannan sana’ar ta kawo musu ’yan kasuwa Musulmi, musamman Larabawa masu sana’ar sayar da zinari, bayan da Musulunci ya isa Arewacin Afirka. An samo farkon ambaton Daular Ghana ta mutanen Soninke a cikin ayyukan Balarabe na karni na 8 Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī kuma an sami ƙarin cikakkun bayanai a cikin ayyukan wani masanin ƙasa na Larabawa na ƙarni na 11 Al-Bakri.
Tsarin zamantakewa
Al'ummar Soninke, kamar sauran ƙungiyoyi a cikin Mande, an tsara su ta hanyoyi daban-daban na tsarin zamantakewa.
Ƙungiyoyin Soninke sun haɗa da nau'i na kyauta mai suna Horro ko Horon, nau'in tsarin kati mai suna Namaxala ko Nyaxamalo, da kuma bayi da ake kira Komo. A cikin rukunin Jaara na mutanen Soninke, mai martaba da ake kira Tunkanlenmu ya kasance wani nau'i. Al'ummar Soninke ta zama mai ma'ana sosai bayan karni na 13.
Bayin sun kasance mafi girma, ɗaya a ƙasa a cikin Soninke kamar sauran kabilun Afirka ta Yamma, kuma sun kasance kusan rabin yawan jama'a. Bayin da ke cikin mutanen Soninke an jera su cikin matsayi uku. Bayin ƙauyen gungun masu hidima ne masu gata waɗanda ke zaune ba tare da ƙauyen ba kuma suna karɓar umarni daga sarkin ƙauyen. Bayin gida sun zauna tare da iyali kuma ba a iya siyar da su. Mafi ƙasƙanci a tsakanin bayi shine bayin fatauci waɗanda za'a iya saya da siyarwa. Bayan lokaci, kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan ya zama na ƙarshe, in ji Daniel Littlefield, farfesa a tarihi.
Sama da bayin akwai jikokin Soninke, waxanda su ma na gado ne, na gado, kuma suna da matsayi na matsayi. Sun haɗa da, alal misali, garanke (masu aikin fata) a ƙasan fune (bard), fune a ƙasan gesere ko jeli (mawaƙa, mawaƙa), da jeli a ƙarƙashin tage ko numu (masu sana'a, ma'aikatan tukwane).
Za a iya haɗa tsarin simintin gyare-gyare da tsarin serf zuwa Mandé 'Nyamakalaw' (a zahiri 'caste'). Shaidun archaeological sun nuna cewa Larabawa da Berbers za su shiga cikin tsarin kasuwanci da sufuri da aka riga aka kafa tare da Afirka ta Yamma (ciniki a cikin zinariya, gishiri, da wasu bayi zuwa wani ɗan ƙaramin abu), ginawa a kan hanyoyin kasuwanci da aka rigaya a baya. zuwa Ghana da yammacin gabar tekun Atlantika ta hanyar tsarin kasuwanci na karni na 11 ya zama mai inganci a cikin karni na 13 da na 14 daular Mali da daular Songhai na karni na 16.
Yayin da aikin bautar ya ƙaru, haka nan tsarin ƙabila ya ƙaru. Tamari ya ba da shawarar cewa wani abin da ke tattare da haɓakar tsarin bautar shine ci gaba da bunƙasa tsarin kabilanci a tsakanin yawancin kabilun Afirka a kusan ƙarni na 13. McIntosh ya yarda da Tamari, amma ya bayyana cewa akwai yuwuwar bayyanar tsarin kabilanci ya faru tun da farko a cikin al'ummomin Yammacin Afirka kamar Soninke, Mande, Malinke, Wolof, Serer, da sauransu. Ta ba da ci gaba da yaduwar ɗimbin jama'a a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi zuwa kusan karni na 10, saboda kama bayi, cinikin bayi da kuma riƙe bayi da manyan iyalai suka yi, wata cibiya ce da aka kafa a Yammacin Afirka a wancan lokacin, kuma bautar ta haifar da samfuri don dangantaka mara kyau da zamantakewa. stratification na mutane.
Shaidar harshe ta nuna cewa tsarin rarrabuwar kawuna da ke da alaƙa da tsarin ƙabilanci da bautar da ƙila an raba su tsakanin mutanen Manding da Soninke, da yuwuwar wasu kamar mutanen Dogon na Yammacin Afirka. Duk da haka, bambance-bambancen harshe tsakanin kabilanci da tsarin bayi na Soninke da Manding a daya hannun da kuma kabilun arewacin Afirka kamar kabilar Abzinawa da Moors a daya bangaren, ya nuna cewa wadannan sun samo asali ne daban.
Aure
Aure a cikin al'ummar Soninke yana bin tsarin Musulunci. Auren ’yan uwa ya zama ruwan dare kuma an fi so a al’adar Soninke, kamar yadda ake yi da mutanen Fula. Iyaye sun yarda da aure. Wani karin magana na gargajiya yana cewa, "An yi 'yan uwan ​​juna." Al'adar da ke tsakanin 'yan kasuwa Soninke, in ji Saskia Brand, farfesa a fannin ilimin halin dan Adam da ilimin kimiyya, na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da imanin al'adun cewa auren 'yan uwan ​​​​yana "taimakawa wajen kiyaye kuɗi a cikin iyali".
Idan iyalan biyu sun yarda, an daura auren (i na tamma laga) a masallaci. Duk wata bayan daurin aure, namiji yakan biyawa dangin matar sadakin sadakin amarya (nakhafa) na abinci da sauran abubuwan da suka kashe. Auren wanda ake kira futtu, an kammala shi ne tare da yarjejeniyar aure da ta ambaci sadaki, kuma ana tare da bikin aure mai suna karikompe.
Sabbin ma'auratan suna da masu ba da shawara. Ana kiran mai ba mutumin shawara khoussoumanta-yougo kuma na macen ana kiransa khoussoumanta-yakhare. Bayan an shafe mako guda ana biki, matan sun hadu domin nuna kyaututtukan da ma'auratan suka samu daga iyayensu galibi daga wajen mahaifiyar matar.
An haramta auren jinsi tsakanin al'umma da kuma layukan kabilanci, in ji Saskia Brand. Amma, a cikin iyalai masu daraja da yawa, maɗaukaki na iya ɗaukar mata daga ɓoyayyen bayi.
Kaciya
Soninke suna yin kaciya kuma suna kiransa birou. Kowace rana, yaran da aka yi wa kaciya a shekarar da ta shige, suna shirya tam-tams ga sababbin maza domin su shirya su ta hanyar tunani. A duk lokacin bikin kaciya, yaran da za a yi wa kaciya suna zaune a kusa da "tambour" da ake kira "daïné". Sauran matasan ƙauyen, ƴan mata, mata, maza, da bayi suna zagaya da samarin. A wannan lokacin an kewaye samarin da kyawawan gyale masu suna disa sing. Marubucin Mamadou Soumare ya rubuta "Sama da aikin tiyata na gargajiya, al'adar kaciya ta sa a shaida, jimiri na jiki, zafi, ƙarfin hali, a cikin kalma ɗaya halin yaron."
Kaciyar mata
Mutanen Soninke sun dade suna yin kaciya (FGM), wanda kuma ake kira kaciyar mata. Yawan FGM ya fi yawa a tsakanin Soninke fiye da tsakanin kabilun makwabta kamar mutanen Wolof da sauransu. Ana yin wannan al'ada ta al'ada a matsayin al'ada na yarda da jama'a, kuma wani lokaci ana ɗauka cewa ana buƙata don dalilai na addini. A kasashen Mauritania da Senegal, FGM na yaro ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a cikin dokokin zamani amma ana ci gaba da yin hakan saboda al'adar ta sanya takunkumi ga 'yan mata masu shekaru kasa da daya. Bisa ga rahoton 2009 kan Ayyukan Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, aikin FGM tsakanin Soninke ya haɗa da gurɓata nau'in III mafi haɗari.
Abinci
Abincin karin kumallo ya hada da fonde, porridge da gero, sukari, madara, da gishiri, da sombi, porridge na shinkafa, gero ko masara. Don abincin rana demba tere da takhaya sun zama ruwan dare, duka sun ƙunshi shinkafa da gyada, kayan abinci na Soninke akai-akai. Dere, stew, shine cakuda gero da wake.
Tattalin Arziki
Soninke a al'adance suna yin kasuwanci da noma. A lokacin damina, maza da mata duk suna noma. Duk da haka, mata yawanci suna zama a gida don dafa abinci da kuma kula da 'ya'yansu. Suna kuma yin wasu ayyuka, kamar rini kayan auduga.
Yawancin bakin haure na farko a yammacin Afirka a Faransa sun fito ne daga wannan kabila. Soninke wata kabila ce da ke da tasiri a Gambia da Senegal da kuma Mali.
Tajudeen Yusuf
Tajudeen Yusuf wanda aka fi sani da "TeeJay" (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta 1968) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne daga jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). Yana wakiltar mazabar Kabba/Bunu/Ijumu a majalisar wakilai ta Najeriya, mukamin da aka zabe shi a shekarar 2011. Tsohon ciyaman ne kuma dan Kwamitin Majalisa kan Kasuwar Jari da Cibiyoyi.
Fage
Hon. TeeJay ya halarci shahararriyar kwalejin St. Augustine's College Kabba, inda ya samu shaidar karatunsa na makarantar sakandare ta yammacin Afirka/GCE a shekarar 1987. A shekarar 1997 ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami’ar Jos ta Jihar Filato.
Siyasa
A shekarar 2011, Honorabul TeeJay ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar tarayya mai wakiltar mazabar Kabba-Bunu/Ijumu a majalisar dokokin Najeriya ta 7 kuma ya yi nasara. A shekarar 2015 da 2019 an sake zaɓen shi a kan wannan matsayi. A tsakanin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019, ya rike mukamin shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasuwancin jari da cibiyoyi, yayin da kuma ya kasance mamba a kwamitoci kamar haka: Kwamitin Fasahar Sadarwar Sadarwa; Kwamitin Kudi; Tashoshi, Harbors & Ruwa; Kwamitin Watsa Labaru & Na Kasa; Kwamitin wasanni; Kwamitin Majalisar kan FERMA; kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar; da kuma kwamitin majalisar kan kare hakkin dan Adam. Tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2015, Hon. TeeJay ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan fasahar sadarwa ta zamani.
Girmamawa
A cikin shekaru da yawa, Honourable TeeJay ya sami lambobin yabo masu yawa da kuma nasarorin da ya samu a hidimar jama'a:
Yannis N'Gakoutou
Yannis Clarence N'Gakoutou Yapéndé (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Satumban 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger na ƙungiyar Championnat National 2 Lyon La Duchère.
Norbert Garko Awulley
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Norbert Garko Awulley a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1954 a Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Ghana (sai Gold Coast). Ya yi karatunsa na Sakandare a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Tamale, inda ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na GCE, sannan ya ci gaba a Kwalejin Horar da Ma’aikata ta Gbewaa, inda aka ba shi takardar shaidar horar da Malamai. Daga baya ya halarci Cibiyar Kimiyyar zamantakewa ta Moscow kuma ya sami Diploma a Kimiyyar zamantakewa.