cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
kanya vs. kyanda
Littafin Razi al-Judari wa al-Hasbah (a kan kanya da kyanda) shi ne littafi na farko da ya bayyana furuci da cutar kyanda daban.An fassara shi fiye da dozin sau zuwa talatin da Sauran harsunan Turai. Rashin karnataccen dabi'ar ta da kuma irin dogarowar Hippocratic din sa na asibiti yana nuna hanyoyin likita na Razi. Misali, ya rubuta:"Abubuwan da ake ci gaba da haifar da kalilan yana faruwa ne daga ci gaba da zazzabi, jin zafi a baya, itching a hanci da daddare yayin bacci. Wadannan sune alamomin mafi muni na kusancinsa tare da zafi a baya tare da zazzabi da amai da mai hakuri ke ji a duk jikinsa.Juyar da fuska tayi, wanda yazo kuma ya tafi, mutum zai lura da yanayin launi mai kumburi wanda aka lura dashi azaman mai karfi akan fuka-fukai da kan idanunshi. Daya kwarewa yana fuskantar nauyi na jiki gaba daya da rashin kwanciyar hankali, wanda ke bayyana kansa azaman mai shimfida da jikewa Akwai jin zafi a cikin makogwaro da kirji kuma mutum ya ga yana da wahalar numfashi da tari. Karin bayyanar cututtuka sune: bushewar numfashi, matsanancin feshin jiki, koshin muryar, zafi da kuncin kai, hutu, tashin zuciya da damuwa. (Lura da bambanci: rashin bacci, tashin zuciya da damuwa suna faruwa akai-akai tare da 'kyanda' fiye da na furucin. A gefe guda, jin zafi a baya ya bayyana sarai tare da fitsari fiye da kyanda). Gaba daya abubuwan yana da zafi a jiki baki daya, mutum yana da ciwon kai kuma daya yana nuna ja gaba daya mai haske, tare da yin haske sosai game da gogewar.. (Rhazes, Encyclopaedia na Magani)"
Ciwon ciki
Razi idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon marasa lafiyar da ke fama da cutar ta ciwon cikin wanda aka bi da shi ta hanyar barin jini tare da sakamakon wadanda aka bi da shi ba tare da ganin ko kyale jini na iya taimakawa ba.
Magunguna
Razi ya ba da gudummawa ta fannoni da yawa ga farkon aikin harhada magunguna ta hanyar tattar rubutu, a ciki ya gabatar da amfani da"maganin shafawar mai" da habaka kayan aikin sa kamar su 'mortar', 'flasks', 'spatulas' da 'phials',wadaanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin kantin har zuwa farkon ashirin karni
Silton, Saskatchewan
Silton (2016 population: ) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of McKillop No. 220 and Census Division No. 6.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Xa'a magani
A kan matakin kwararru, Razi ya gabatar da dabaru masu yawa, na ci gaba, na likitanci da na tunani. Ya kai hari ga bautar gumakan da likiticin karya suka yi yawon birni da karkara suna sayar da nomrum da "cures". A lokaci guda, ya yi gargarin cewa har ma likitocin da ke da ilimi ba su da amsar duk matsalolin likita kuma ba za su iya warkar da kowace cuta ba ko kuma warkar da kowace cuta, wanda ke magana da mutum ba zai yiwu ba. Don zama mafi amfani ga ayyukansu da kuma gaskiyar lamari ga kiran su, Razi ya shawarci kwararrun likitocin da su ci gaba da ingantaccen ilimin ta hanyar ci gaba da karatun littattafan likitanci da fallasa kansu ga sabon bayani.Ya bambanta tsakanin cututtukan da ba za su iya warkewa ba. Dangane da mara lafiyar kuma, ya yi sharhi cewa dangane da batun cutar kansa da kuturta, bai kamata a tuhumi likitan ba lokacin da zai iya warkar da su. Don kara rubutu mai ban dariya, Razi ya ji tausayin likitocin da suka kula da lafiyar sarakuna, jarumawa, da mata, saboda ba su bin umarnin likita na hana cin abincinsu ko samun magani, don haka ya sa ya zama da wuya ya zama likitan su.
Silton, Saskatchewan
Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri garin Silton a matsayin ƙauye a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1914.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Xa'a magani
Ya kuma rubuta wadannan masu zuwa game da dabi'a na likita:"The doctor's aim is to do good, even to our enemies, so much more to our friends, and my profession forbids us to do harm to our kindred, as it is instituted for the benefit and welfare of the human race, and God imposed on physicians the oath not to compose mortiferous remedies." Manufar likita ita ce yin alheri, har magabatanmu, don haka ya fi yawa ga abokanmu, kuma sana'ata ta hana mu cutar da danginmu, kamar yadda aka kafa shi don fa'ida da jin dadin rayuwar dan Adam, kuma Allah Ya sanya shi Likitocin ba za su yi maganin cututtukan da suka mutu ba.
Silton, Saskatchewan
Alkaluma
A cikin kididdigar yawan jama'a ta 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Silton yana da yawan jama'a 95 da ke zaune a cikin 45 daga cikin 53 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. 33.8% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 71. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 1.06 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 89.6/km   a cikin 2021.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Litattafai da labarai kan magani
Wannan litattafan 23-kundin tsarin karatun likitanci ya kunshi ka'idodin ilimin likitan mata, mahaifa da tiyata na ophthalmic.
Silton, Saskatchewan
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2016, ƙauyen Silton ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 71 da ke zaune a cikin 37 daga cikin 48 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. -33.8% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 95. Tare da yankin ƙasa na 1.07 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 66.4/km   a cikin 2016.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Litattafai da labarai kan magani
Al-Hawi ba asalin ilimin likitanci ba ne, amma rubutun lissafi ne bayan aikin littafin Razi, wanda ya hada da ilimin da aka tattara daga wasu littattafai har da abubuwan lura na asali game da cututtuka da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, dangane da irin kwarewar da ya samu a asibiti.Yana da mahimmanci tunda yana dauke da tarihin kundin tarihi akan fulawa, farkon da aka sani. An fassara shi zuwa Latin a cikin 1279 by Faraj ben Salim, masanin ilmin Sicilian-Bayahude wanda Charles na Anjou yayi aiki, kuma bayan wannan yana da babban tasiri a Turai.
Al-Hawi ya kuma soki ra'ayin Galen, bayan Razi ya lura da shari'o'in asibiti da yawa wadanda ba su bi bayan bayanin Galen da zazzabi ba. Misali, ya bayyana cewa bayanin da Galen ya yi game da cututtukan da ke cikin mahaifa ba daidai ba ne saboda kawai ya ga lokuta uku, yayin da Razi ya yi nazarin daruruwan irin wannan karar a asibitocin Bagadaza da Rey.
Razi watakila likitan Farisa na farko ne da ya rubuta littafin likitanci na gida da gangan (magani) wanda aka yiwa jama'a. Ya sadaukar da ita ga talakawa, matafiyi,da talakawa wadanda za su iya ba da shawara don kula da cututtukan da ke tattare da cutar yayin da babu likita. Wannan littafin yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tarihin kantin magani tunda irin littattafai sun shahara sosai har zuwa karni na 20. Razi ya bayyana a cikin surorinsa guda 36, kayan abinci da magunguna wanda za'a iya samu a cikin kokwalin, a kasuwa, a cikin wuraren girki, ko kuma a sansanin sojoji. Don haka, kowane mutum mai hankali zai iya bin umarninsa kuma shirya ingantattun girke-girke da kyakkyawan sakamako. Wasu daga cikin cututtukan da aka kula da su sune ciwon kai, mura, tari, tari da cututtukan ido, kunne, da ciki. Misali, ya yi wasiyya da zazzabi: "2 sassan duhn (ruwan da akamcire mai) na fure, da za a cakuda shi da kashi 1 na ruwan giya, a ciki an tsinka wani yanki na lilin a gaurashi a goshi". Ya ba da shawarar a matsayin 'laxative', "7 drams na bushe 'violet' furanni tare da 20 pears, 'macerated' kuma gauraye sosai, sannan rauni. Toara zuwa wannan 'filtrate', grams 20 na sukari don abin sha. A cikin maganganun 'melancholy', ya ba da shwarar ga magunguna, wanda ya hada ko dai poppies ko ruwan 'ya'yan sa (opium), Cuscuta epithymum (clover doder) ko duka biyun. Don maganin-ido, ya shawarci myrrh, saffron, da frankincense, 2 grams kowannensu, da za a cakuda shi da 1 gram na farin arsenic wanda aka sanya cikin allunan. Kowane kwamfutar hannu za a narkar da a isasshen adadin coriander ruwa kuma amfani dashi azaman saukad da idanu.
A cikin littafinsa Shakka game da Galen, Razi ya karyata yawancin ikirarin da likitan Girkawa ya yi, har zuwa batun fifikon harshen Helenanci da yawancin ra'ayoyinsa da likitancin likita. Yana danganta magani da falsafa, kuma ya fadi cewa kyakkyawan aiki yana bukatar tunani mai zaman kansa. Ya ba da rahoton cewa bayanin Galen bai yarda da abubuwan lura da nasa na asibiti ba dangane da cutar zazzabi. Kuma a wasu halayen ya gano cewa kwarewar sa ta asibiti ya wuce ta Galen.
Ya kuma soki ra'ayin Ka'idar Galen cewa jikin yana da "rakumi" daban-daban (abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa), wanda ma'aunin su shine mabudin lafiya da yanayin zazzabi ta jiki. Hanya tabbatacciyar hanyar tayar da irin wannan tsarin ita ce shigar da wani ruwa mai dauke da zazzabi daban-daban a jikin mutum wanda ke haifar da karuwa ko raguwa daga zafin jikin, wanda yayi kama da zafin jikina wannan ruwan. Razi ya lura cewa wani abin sha mai dumi zai zafi jikinsa har ya kai sama da yadda yanayinsa na zahiri. Don haka abin sha zai iya haifar da amsawa daga jiki, maimakon canja wurin zafin da kansa kawai ko kuma ruwan sanyi da shi. (Cf. I. E. Goodman)
Wannan hanyar zargi da gaske tana da yuwuwar ta karyata ka'idar Galen game da waka, da kuma akidar Aristotle game da abubuwan guda hudu, wanda aka ginu akan ta. Razi kansa abubuwan da aka kera sunadarai sun ba da shawarar wasu halaye na kwayoyin halitta kamar "oiliness" da "sulphurousness", ko kumburi da salinity, wadanda wutar gargajiya, ruwa, kasa, da kuma abubuwan rarraba iska ba su bayyana shi da sauri.
'Salubalen da Razi ya gabatar game da tushen asalin kimiyyar likita sun kasance masu rikitarwa. Dayawa sun tuhume shi da jahilci da girman kai, dukda cewa ya yi ta nuna godiyarsa da godiyarsa ga Galen saboda gudummawar da ya bayar, yana cewa:"Na yi addu'a ga Allah don ya jagorance ni, ya kuma kai ni ga gaskiya a rubuce-rubucen wannan littafin. Abin bakin cikina ne in sabawa da kushe mutumin da Galen wanda na sami ilimi mai yawa. Tabbas, shi ne Jagora kuma ni almajiri ne. Kodayake wannan girmamawa da godiya za su kuma bai kamata ya hana ni yin shakku ba, kamar yadda na yi, abin da ba daidai ba ne a cikin tunanun sa. Ina tsammani kuma ina ji a cikin zuciyata cewa Galen ya zabe ni in gudanar da wannan aikin, kuma idan yana raye, da ya taya ni taya murna kan abin da nake yi. Ina fadi wannan saboda manufar Galen ita ce nema da gano gaskiya da fito da haske daga duhu. Ina fata da a ce yana da rai ya karanta abin da na buga."
Razi ya yi imanin cewa masana kimiyya da masana na zamani suna da koshin lafiya, da ilimi, da kuma kwarewa fiye da na tsofaffi, saboda yawan ilimin da suke da shi. Kokarin Razi na murkushe yarda da rashin izini daga ikon da ba a hada shi da shi ba na zamanin da ya karfafa kuma ya karfafa bincike da ci gaba a cikin fasaha, fasaha,
Cututtukan Yara
Cututtukan Yara na Razi shine farkon rubutun da aka yiwa maganin cututtukan yara a zaman wani yanki mai zaman kansa
Lafiyar Kwakwalwa
Kamar yadda sauran masu ilimin tauhidi da yawa a lokacin bincikensa na rashin lafiya, ya yi imani da cewa cututtukan tunanin mahaifa ne ya haifar da su. Sun yi imani aljanu sun shiga jiki su mallaki jiki.
Littattafai kan magani
Wannan jerin bangare ne na littattafan Razi da labarai a magani, in ji Dan Abi Usaybi'ah. Watakila an kwafa ko kuma buga wasu littattafai a karkasin sunaye daban-daban.
Fassara
Litattafan sanannu na Razi da labarai kan magani (cikin Turanci) sun hada:
Canza bakin karfe
Ra'ayin Razi ga alchemy da kuma babban imaninsa game da yiwuwar kawo karafa zuwa azurfa da zinari ya tabbatar da rabin karni bayan littafin Dan an-Nadim (Falsafar Falsafa-Lapis na Latin). Nadim ya danganta wasu jerin littattafai guda goma sha biyu ga Razi, da karin kari guda bakwai, gami da faduwarsa ga kin al=Kindi da ingancin alchemy. Al-Kindi (801–873 CE) da aka nada ta Abbasid Halifa Ma'mun wanda ya kirkiro Baghdad, 'Gidan Hikima' ya kasance a wannan garin, ya kasance masanin Falsafa kuma mai adawa da alchemy. Shahararrun littattafan ilimin alchemical guda biyu, wadanda suka fi dacewa da wadanda suka gabata: al-Asrar (الاسرار "Sirrin"), da Sirr al-Asrar (سر الاسرار "Sirrin Sirrin"), wanda ya kunshi yawancin ayyukan da suka gabata.
A bayyane yake Razi zamanin shi ya gaskata cewa ya sami asirin juya bakin karfe da jan karfe ne zuwa zinare. Marubucin tarihin Khosro Moeta ya ba da rahoto a cikin Mohammad Zakaria Razi cewa wani Janar Simjur ya gamu da Razi a bainar jama'a, ya kuma tambaya ko wannan shine dalilin yardarsa da jinyar marasa lafiya ba tare da biyan kudi ba. "Ya bayyana ga wadanda ke wurin cewa Razi ya ki amsawa; ya kalli gefe janar ya amsa":"Na fahimci alchemy kuma ina aiki akan halayen kayan karafa na tsawan lokaci. Ko ta yaya, har yanzu bai zama bayyananne a gare ni ba, ta yaya mutum zai canza zinare daga jan karfe. Duk da bincike daga tsoffin masana kimiyyar da aka yi a karnonin da suka gabata, babu amsa. IIna matukar shakku idan zai yiwu..."A cewar almara guda daya ya iya makantar da kansa ta hanyar yawo a yayin wani hatsari a daya daga cikin binciken da yayi. Ya yi nasarar tserewa ba tare da wani raunin da ya samu ba.
Kayan kemikal da abubuwa
Razi ya habaka kayan aikin sunadarai da yawa wadanda har yanzu ake amfani da su. An san shi da cikakkiyar hanyoyin distillation don samun barasa da kuma hakarwa. ar-Razi ya yi watsi da ra'ayan potions kuma an bayar da shi da tsafi, ma'ana dogaro ga alamu kamar dalilai. Kodayake Razi bai ki ra'ayin cewa mu'ujizai sun wanzu ba, a ma'anar abubuwan da ba a bayyana ba a yanayi, kayayyakin masarufin ma'adinai da kayayyakin masarufi na Farisa sun sami wadata, har da sal ammoniac, wani binciken kasar Sin. Ya dogara ne da fifikon tsarin siffofin 'mafi rinjaye' ko mahimman bayanai, wanda shine tunanin Neoplatonic na rashin daidaito maimakon hanyar tunani ko kuma na inji. Razi na makiyi ya kawo irin wadannan halaye masu kima kamar bakin ciki da rashin karfi-karshen ya danganta da 'man shafawa' da 'sulhu'. Wadannan kaddarorin ba su da saukin bayanin abubuwan da kebabbe na al'ada daga abubuwan kamar su: wuta, ruwa, kasa da iska, kamar yadda al-Ghazali da sauran mutanen da suke bayansa sun kasance masu saurin lura, masu tasiri masu zurfi irin su Razi suna da shi.
Manyan ayyuka akan alchemy
Ayyukan Razi sun gabatar da tsarin farko na tsarin kulawa da ingantaccen tabbataccen abu game da abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai, halayen da kayan aiki, wadanda aka bayyana a cikin harshe kusan babu komai game da sihiri da shubuha.
A cikin littafinsa Sirr al-Asrar, Razi ya raba batun 'Matter' zuwa kashi uku, kamar yadda ya zo a littafin sa na baya al-Asrar.
Wanna rukunin karshe ya kunshi karin kwatancin sauran hanyoyin da aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da su a cikin transmutation:
* Yawan zafi (wuta) da aka yi amfani da shi, 'jikin da duwatsu', ('al-ajsad' da 'al-ahjar) wannan ba za a iya fassara shi ba ko kuma ba za a canza shi cikin kayan kwayoyi irin su karafa da bakin gishiri ba ('al-amlah').
* Amfani da wani ruwa mai ruwa wanda sauri da kuma dindindin launuka karafa karafa don siyarwa mai fa'ida da riba.
Razi yana ba da jerin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin alchemy. Wannan ya kunshi azuzuwan 2:
Wannan shine littafin shahararrun littafin Razi. A nan yana ba da kulawa ga tsarin aiki na yau da kullun masu mahimmanci ga tarihin kantin magani.
Littafin akan alchemy
Ga jerin sannanun littattafan Razi akan alchemy, galibi cikin Farisanci:
Metaphysics
Ka'idar ilimin metaphysical ta Razi ta samo asali ne daga ka'idar "madawwamiyar zamani", wanda a cikinsa ne aka samar da duniya ta hanyar ma'amala tsakanin Allah da sauran ka'idodi hudu na rai (rai, al'amari, lokaci, da wuri). Ya karbi nau'in atomism na jikin kwayoyin halitta, don haka ya bambanta da falasifa da mutakallimun. Yayinda Plato da marubutan likita suka rinjaye shi, galibi Galen, ya ki taqlid kuma don haka ya fadi zargi game da wasu ra'ayoyinsu. Wannan ya tabbata daga taken dayan ayyukansa, Shakka Game Galen.
An Buga Daga Hidimar Falsafa
(...) A takaice, yayin da nake rubuta littafin yanzu, na yi rubutu har zuwa yanzu kusan Litattafai 200 da kasidu kan fannoni daban-daban na kimiyya, falsafa, tauhidi, da hekmat (hikima). (...) Ban taba shiga cikin aikin wani sarki ba a matsayin soja ko mai mukamin mulki, kuma idan na taba yin magana da sarki, hakan bai wuce nauyin da nake da shi na likita ba. (...) Wadanda suka ganni sun san cewa ban cika wuce gona da iri ba, cin abinci, ko shaye-shaye ko kuma yin hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Dangane da sha'awata a fagen ilimi, mutane sun sani sarai kuma dole ne su shaida yadda na sadaukar da rayuwata gabadaya a kimiya tun kuruciyata. Hakuri da himma a kokarin neman ilimin kimiyya sun kasance cewa a kan wani batun musamman na rubuta shafuka 20,000 (cikin karamin buga), bugu da kari, na yi shekaru goma sha biyar na rayuwata-dare da rana - rubuta babban tarin suna Al Hawi. A wannan lokacin ne na rasa idona, hannuna ya karye, sakamakon da yanzu aka hana ni karatu da rubutu. Ban da haka, ban tauna ba, amma na ci gaba da karatu da rubutu tare da taimakon wasu. Zan iya yin yarjejeniya tare da abokan adawar na kuma dhigar da wasu kura-kurai, amma ni ina matukar son abin da za su fada game da nasarar da na samu a kimiyace. Idan sun ga hanyata ba daidai ba ce, da za su iya gabatar da ra'ayinsu kuma su fadi abubuwan da suka fahimta a fili, domin in yi nazarin su, kuma idan na tsai da ra'ayinsu daidai ne, zan yarda. Koyaya, idan ban yarda ba, zan tattauna batun don tabbatur da ra'ayi na. Idan wannan ba haka bane, kuma kawai suna yarda da kusanci da hanyar rayuwata, zan yi godiya da kawai suna amfani da rubutaccen ilimin dana sani kuma su daina tsoma baki cikin halaye na.
A cikin Tarihin Falsafa, kamar yadda aka gani a sama, ya kare yanayin rayuwar mutum da falsafa. A cikin wannan aikin ya gabatar da tsari bisa tunanin cewa akwai rayuwa bayan mutuwa cike da farin ciki, ba wahala. Maimakon mutum ya zama mai son kai, ya kamata mutum ya bidi ilimi, ya yi amfani da hankali da kuma amfani da adalci a rayuwarsa.
A cewar Al-Razi: "Wannan shi ne abin da Mahaliccinmu mai jinkai yake so. Wanda muke yiwa addu'ar neman sakamako kuma wanda muke jin tsoronsa."
A takaice, ya kamata mutum ya kasance mai kirki, mai girma, mai adalci. Al-Razi ya yi imani da cewa akwai kusanci tsakanin dangantaka ta ruhaniya da lafiyar jiki. Bai nuna cewa rai na iya guje wa damuwa ba saboda tsoron mutuwa. A takaice dai ya fadi cew ba za a iya kawar da wannan yanayin tunanin gabadaya sai dai idan mutum ya yarda da hakan, bayan mutuwa, rai zai yi rayuwa mafi kyau. Wannan yana bukatar cikakken nazari game da koyaswar mara lafiya da/ko kuma addinai. Yana mai da hankali ga ra'ayin wasu mutane wadanda suke tunanin cewa rai yakan mutu idan jiki ya mutu. Mutuwa tabbatacciya ce, don haka yakamata mutum ya mallaki tunani da shi, saboda duk mutumin da ya ci gaba da yin tunani game da mutuwa zai kasance cikin bakin ciki kuma ya yi tunani kamar ya mutu lokacin da ya ci gaba da yin tunani a kan batun. Don haka, yakamata ya manta da hakan domin ya daina fusata kansa. Yayin tunanin makomar sa bayan mutuwa, mutumin kirki ne kuma mutumin kirki wanda yake aiki da koyarwar musulinci, ba shi da tsoro ko kadan saboda yana nuna cewa zai sami kwanciyar hankali da farin ciki na dindindin a maballin. Wanda ke shakkar Shariah, zai iya yin tunaninta, kuma idan ya himmatu wajen aikata wannan, to, ba zai karkata zuwa ga hanyar gaskiya ba. In bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba, Allah zai gafarta masa zunuban sa domin ba a bukace shi ya aikata abin da ba zai iya cimmawa ba. — Dr. Muhammad Abdul-Hadi Abu Reidah
Littattafai akan Falsafa
Wannan jerin littattafan Razi ne akan falsafa. Wasu littattafai na iya yin kwafin ko buga su a karkashin daban.
Sanannun littattafai a Turanci:
Mentor-on-the-Lake, Ohio
Tarihi
Asalin wani yanki na garin Mentor, an kafa ƙauyen 22 ga Oktoba, 1924. Ƙididdiga ta Amurka na 1970 ta ƙididdige yawan jama'a a matsayin fiye da 5,000 don haka ya zama birni mai haɗin gwiwa a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1971.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Dara
Al-Razi babban dan adawar al-'Adli ne kuma dan wasan Abbasid al-Mutawakkil ya halarci wasannin. Al-Nadim ya lissafa al-Razi a cikin gungun marubutan littattafai guda biyar a game da Shitranj (Dara) ko Al-nard, wadanda: Abu Bakr al Suli. Al-'Adli, Abu al-FAraj al-Lajlaj da Dan al-Uqlidasi. Sunan littafin al-Razi ya kasance:
Mentor-on-the-Lake, Ohio
Tarihi
Mafi yawan ƙasar da ta ƙunshi Mentor-On-The-Lake asalin mallakarta ne kuma an ba da izini azaman hanyar Dickey-Moore kuma ta tsallaka zuwa kudu sama da Hanyar Amurka 20 a cikin garin Mentor. Ragowar wannan zamanin wata kadara ce da aka sani da Mooreland wacce a da dangin Moore mallakarta ne kuma tana kan ƙasar da a yanzu ke da Kwalejin Community Lakeland.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Ra'ayoyi akan Addini
Da dama ayyukan sabani da bayanai game da addini an danganta su ga Razi. Dangane da bayanin littafin al-Biruni na Razi. (Risala fi Fihrist Kutub al-Razi), Razi ya rubuta "littattafai masu sihiri" guda biyu". "Fi al-Nubuwwat (A kan annabce-annabce) da "Fi Hiyal al-Mutanabbin (A dabarun annabawan karya). A cewar Biruni, na farko "an yi da'awar ya sabawa addinai" kuma na biyun "an yi ikirarin cewa yana kai hari ga wajibcin annabawan." A cikin Risalarsa, Biruni ya kara yin kakkausar suka da nuna taka tsantsan game da ra'ayoyin addini na Razi, Iura da tasirin Manichaeism. Koyaya, Biruni kuma ya lissafa wasu ayyukan Razi akan addini, gami da Fi Wujub Da'wat al-Nabi 'Ala Man Nakara bi al-Nubuwwat (Wajibi Wajan yada koyarwar Annabi a kan Wadanda suka Musu Annabci) da Fi anna li al-Insan Khaliqan Mutqinan Hakiman (Wannan mutum yana da Mahalicci Mai hikima), da aka jera a karkashin ayyukansa a kan "allahntaka kimiyyar". Babu wani aikinsa da ya shafi addini yanzu ya cika.
Mentor-on-the-Lake, Ohio
Geography
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, birnin yana da jimillar yanki na 1.65 sqmi, wanda daga ciki 1.61 sqmi   ƙasa ce kuma 0.04 sqmi   ruwa ne.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Ra'ayoyi akan Addini
Sauran ra'ayoyi da kwatankwacin ra'ayoyi wadanda galibi ake yiwa Razi ana samun su a cikin wani littafin da Abu Hatim al-Razi ya rubuta, da ake kira A'lam al-nubuwwa (Alamun Annabci), kuma ba cikin wani babban aikin Razi da kansa ba. Abu Hatim ya kasance dan mishan na Ismaila wanda ya yi mahawara da Razi, amma ko ya rubuta dadin ra'ayoyin Razi an yi jayayya. A cewar Abdul Latif al-'Abd, malamin falsafar Musulunci a Jami'ar Alkahira, Abu Hatim da dalibinsa, Hamid al-din Karmani (d. bayan shekara ta 411AH/1020CE), su 'yan tsageran Isma'ili ne wadanda a lokuta da yawa suke bayyana ra'ayoyin Razi a cikin ayyukansu. Hakanan ma masana tarihi sun tabbatar da wannan ra'ayi kamar al-Shahrastani wanda ya lura "cewa yakamata a yi shakkar irin wannan tuhumar tunda Ismaila ne, wanda Muhammad dan Zakariyya Razi ya yi mummunan rauni". Al-'Abd ya nuna cewa ra'ayoyin da Razi ya bayyana sun saba wa abin da ake samu a ayyukan nasa na Razi, kamar Magani na Ruhi (Fi al-tiib al-ruhani). Peter Adamson ya tabbatar da cewa mai yiwuwa Abu Hatim ya "bata sunan" da gangan a matsayin Razi a matsayin kin musulinci ne da saukar da addinai. A maimakon haka, Razi yana jayayya ne kawai game da amfani da mu'ujizai don tabbatar da annabcin Muhammadu, anthropomorphism, da kuma rashin yarda da taqlid vs nazar. Adamson ya nuna wani aiki da Fakhr al-din al-Razi inda aka nakalto Razi yana ambaton Alkurani da annabawa don goyan bayan ra'ayinsa.
Mentor-on-the-Lake, Ohio
ƙidayar 2010
A ƙidayar 2010 akwai mutane 7,443 a cikin gidaje 3,197, gami da iyalai 2,012, a cikin birni. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance 4623.0 PD/sqmi. Akwai rukunin gidaje 3,461 a matsakaicin yawa na 2149.7 /sqmi. Tsarin launin fata na birnin ya kasance 95.6% Fari, 1.8% Ba'amurke, 0.1% Ba'amurke, 1.0% Asiya, 0.2% daga sauran jinsi, da 1.3% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane jinsi sun kasance 1.4%.
Daga cikin gidaje 3,197 kashi 29.2% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 44.3% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 13.3% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 5.3% na da namiji da ba mace a wurin, sai kuma kashi 37.1%. ba dangi ba ne. 30.7% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne kuma 11.2% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.33 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.90.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Zargi
Abu Rayhan Biruni da Avicenna sun yi Allah wadai da ra'ayoyin addini da falsafar Al-Razi a farkon karni na 11. Musamman Biruni ya rubuta gajeren rubutun (risala) game da al-Razi, yana sukar sa saboda juyayin da yake yiwa Manichaeism, rubuce-rubucen al'adun gargajiya, ra'ayinsa na addini da falsafa, saboda kin yin ilimin lissafi, da kuma nuna adawarsa ga lissafi. Avicenna, wanda shi kansa likita ne kuma masanin falsafa, ya kuma soki al-Razi. Yayin wata muhawara da Biruni, Avicenna ya bayyana:
Mentor-on-the-Lake, Ohio
ƙidayar 2010
Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40.3. 21.7% na mazauna kasa da shekaru 18; 8.5% sun kasance tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 24; 26.6% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 29.1% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 14.1% sun kasance 65 ko fiye. Tsarin jinsi na birni ya kasance 49.0% na maza da 51.0% mata.
Ƙididdigar 2000
A ƙidayar 2000 akwai mutane 8,127 a cikin gidaje 3,304, gami da iyalai 2,230, a cikin birni. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 4,976.3 a kowace murabba'in mil ( 2 /km2). Akwai rukunin gidaje 3,405 a matsakaicin yawa na 2,084.9 a kowace murabba'in mil (806.6/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na birnin ya kasance 97.15% Caucasian, 0.81% Ba'amurke Ba'amurke, 0.07% Ba'amurke, 0.65% Asiya, 0.30% daga sauran jinsi, da 1.02% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane jinsi sun kasance 1.19%. 18.3% na Jamusawa ne, 16.3% Irish, 14.0% Italiyanci, 7.7% Yaren mutanen Poland, 7.4% Ingilishi da 6.2% zuriyar Amurkawa bisa ga ƙidayar 2000.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Zargi
Nasr-i-Khosraw ya zarge shi da laifin yi wa Iranshahri din, wanda Khosraw ya dauke shi a matsayin maigidan al-Razi.
Gado
Cibiyar Razi ta zamani a Karaj da Jami'ar Razi da ke Kermanshah an sanya masa suna. Ana bikin "Ranar Razi" ("Ranar Shagon Magunguna") a Iran kowace ranar 27 na watan Agusta.
Mentor-on-the-Lake, Ohio
Ƙididdigar 2000
Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 24.6% a ƙarƙashin shekarun 18, 8.6% daga 18 zuwa 24, 33.9% daga 25 zuwa 44, 22.4% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 10.5% 65 ko fiye. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 35. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 94.8. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 91.7.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Gado
A watan Yuni na shekarar 2009, Iran ta ba da gudummawar "Babban Masallaci" ko chartagi ga Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke Vienna, wanda yanzu aka sanya shi a zauren tunawa da Plaza na Cibiyar Kasa da Kasa ta Vienna. Harabar gidan yana dauke da mutum-mutumi na Razi, Avicenna, Abu Rayhan Biruni, da Omar Khayyam.
Volkswagen
Volkswagen kamfanin motoci ne daga Jamus. Kalmar volkswagen na nufin "Motar mutane" a Jamusanci. Babban ofishinsa yana cikin Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. An fara kera ta ne a cikin shekarun 1930, bisa buƙatar shugaban ƙasar na lokacin, Adolf Hitler, don samar da motar da Ferdinand Porsche ya ƙera.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Gado
George Sarton ya tunatar da shi a matsayin "babban likitan addinin Islama da na Zamani".
Volkswagen
Tarihi
A cikin shekarun 1930 Adolf Hitler na neman wanda zai iya ƙera mota mai arha wadda ma'aikacin Jamus na gari zai iya saya. A lokaci guda, Ferdinand Porsche ya yi shekara da shekaru yana aiki a kan kera wata mota mai arha wadda za ta iya ɗaukar iyali kuma za ta yi tuki kamar motar gaske, ba ƙaramar mota ba. Ya riga ya tsara kuma ya gina ƙananan motoci tare da injunan baya kuma ya yi kama da irin ƙwaro (don mafi kyawun yanayin sararin samaniya). A wannan lokacin, mallakar mota a cikin Jamus wani abu ne da masu hannu da shuni, kuma yawancin kamfanonin motoci ba su da sha'awar yin mota mai arha. Kamfanin Porsche, wanda ake kira Porsche, kawai ya tsara zane ne ga wasu a lokacin. Don haka, Porsche bai sami wanda zai kera ƙaramar motar da yake so ba.
Kodayake Hitler bai taɓa koyon tuƙi ba, amma yana da sha'awar motoci (ya kuma ƙirƙira autobahn, wanda ya haifar da manyan tituna). Hitler ya so motar ta rika daukar mutane hudu. Ya kamata a sanyaya shi ta mai maimakon ruwa. Motar ta buƙaci ta iya yin tafiyar akalla 100 km / h, ko kuma game da 60 mph, kuma amfani da mai fiye da lita 7 na mai na kilomita 100 (kimanin mpg 34). Kamfanonin motoci a Jamus a lokacin ba sa son yin wannan sabuwar motar mai arha, don haka Hitler ya kafa sabon kamfani, wanda gwamnati ke gudanarwa. Sunan farko da aka ba motar shi ne "KdF-Wagen." "KdF" ya tsaya ga Kraft durch Freude, ko "ƙarfi ta hanyar Farin Ciki." An yi wasu, amma a lokacin da aka gama masana'antar a 1938, Yaƙin Duniya na II ya fara. Daga nan masana'antar ta kera motoci irin na jeep ga sojojin na Jamus maimakon. Bayan yaƙin, mutane daga Ingila da Amurka sun sake buɗe masana'anta kuma sun sake ƙera motoci. Masana'antar ta kasance kango daga yaƙin kuma tana iya yin 'yan motoci kaɗan a lokaci guda. Sojojin Burtaniya ne ke kula da wannan ɓangaren na Jamus. Da farko sun yi kokarin neman wani kamfanin mota don sake gina masana'antar. An bayar da kamfanin dga Henry Ford kyauta. Bayan ya duba, sai mai ba shi shawara ya ce "Mista Ford, abin da ake ba mu a nan bai dace ba!" Don haka kamfanin Volkswagen ya cigaba da kansa don ƙera motar. Mutumin da ya jagoranci kamfanin Volkswagen a wannan lokacin shi ne Heinz Nordhoff.
Muhammad dan Zakariya al-Razi
Gado
Yayin da Bulletin na Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (Mayu 1970) ya lura cewa "rubuce-rubucensa a kan kitife da kyanda suna nuna asali da daidaito, kuma rubutun nasa game da cututtukan fata shine farkon rubutun kimiyya akan batun".
Volkswagen
Tarihi
Da farko sun yi mota ɗaya ne, Volkswagen Beetle. (Kamfanin ne kawai ya kira shi Sedan na 1, shi ma yana da laƙabin "Bug" a Amurka da sauran laƙabi a wasu wurare). A shekarar 1950, an gabatar da Nau'i na 2 (bas din), shima an gina shi da injin a bayan abin hawa. Motocin sun zama sanannu kuma sanannu a duk duniya. Beetle daga baya ya zama ɗayan mafi kyawun motocin sayarwa a tarihi. An gina shi shekaru da yawa daga baya a masana'antu a Jamus, Brazil da Mexico.
An gina Volkswagen Beetle na ƙarshe na asali a cikin Meziko. An gina shi a watan Yuli na 2003. Volkswagen tana da sabuwar mota mai suna "Sabon ƙwaro." wanda ya fara sayarwa a cikin 1997, Yana kama da tsohuwar motar, amma an gina ta daban. Ya fi sauri, aminci, kuma yana da injin a gaba, ba baya ba, kuma ana sanyaya ruwa (ta amfani da radiator). Ya fi dacewa da duniyar yau ta fuskar zane da tsaro. A halin yanzu Volkswagen tana da hannu cikin badaƙalar gwajin hayaki.
Motocin kwanan nan
Wasu daga cikin shahararrun motocin Volkswagen sune Golf, Jetta, Polo, Beetle da Passat. VW's kamar yadda aka fi sani da su, suma sun shiga ɓangaren hanyar da motoci tare da motoci kamar Touarag, da ɓangaren kasuwanci tare da Touran. A wannan shekara ana ganin bikin VW na 21 tun lokacin da aka fara sayar da Golf 1 a cikin 1980s. Tun daga haihuwarsa VW ya sayar da sama da motoci 315,000 na Golf 1 shi kaɗai. 2006 ya ga shigowar ƙarni na biyar na Golf. Fitilar mai ɗaukar hoto - GTI - ana amfani da ita ta injin turbo mai nauyin silinda 147Kw 2.0l 4, tare da VW DSG da fasahar FSI. Golf GTI ya samo asali mai nisa tun daga shekarun 80 amma GTI na ƙarni na biyar ya sami suka daga wasu saboda bai kai yadda ake tsammani da mizanin da shahararren Mk1 GTI ya tsara ba, wanda aka saka masa motar bawul 1600, 8.
Sanya-ruwa
An fara layin sanyaya ruwa a 1974.
Ekaterinburg
Ekaterinburg (daga 1924 zuwa 1991 – Sverdlovsk) — na hudu mafi girma a yawan jama'a (bayan Moscow, St. Petersburg kuma Novosibirsk), wani gari a Rasha, da Gudanarwa cibiyar Sverdlovsk yankin, da most Gudanarwa, al'adu, kimiyya da ilimi tsakiyar Ural yankin.
Ekaterinburg yana daya daga cikin mafi dadi biranen Rasha. Daya daga cikin kasar mafi girma a kai da kuma dabaru nodes (kasa da kasa filin jirgin sama, a cikin birnin wuce Trans-Siberian Railway da kuma tarayya hanyõyi 6), na da muhimmanci masana'antu cibiyar (opto-inji masana'antu, instrumentation da kuma nauyi kayan, metallurgy, bugu masana'antu, haske masana'antu da kuma masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci, soja masana'antu hadaddun).
Yekaterinburg ne Gudanarwa tsakiyar Urals Tarayya District. A nan ana located hedkwatar Jamhuriyar soja District, da Presidium na Ural Branch na Rasha Cibiyar Kimiyya da 35 yankin hukumomin na gwamnatin tarayya. ɓangare na birnin da ake kira "babban birnin kasar na Urals."
sauyin yanayi
Yekaterinburg is located a cikin wani sashi na matsakaici nahiyar sauyin yanayi halin kaifi canzawa daga weather yanayi, da-tsare yanayi. A Ural Mountains, duk da su kananan tsawo, tsaya a cikin hanyar iska talakawa ya fito daga yamma, daga Turai na Rasha. A sakamakon ta tsakiya Urals na bude ga mamayewa na sanyi Arctic iska da kuma karfi vyholozhennogo nahiyar iska West Siberian Bayyana. a lokaci guda, daga kudu a nan su ne free don shigar da dumi iska talakawa Caspian da tsakiyar Asiya hamadar.
Tanaka Chivanga
Tanaka Chivanga (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Yulin 1993), ɗan wasan kurket ne na Zimbabwe. Ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙasa da ƙasa don ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Zimbabwe a watan Mayun 2022.
Ekaterinburg
sauyin yanayi
Saboda haka, don Ekaterinburg da kuma halin da kaifi hawa da sauka a cikin zafin jiki da kuma samuwar yanayin anomalies a cikin hunturu - daga matsananci frosts da thaws kafin ruwa rani - zafi sama da +35 ° C har sai sanyi. A watan Janairu shekara ta 2002, a Ekaterinburg akwai na musamman da sabon abu - wani hunturu hadari.
Tanaka Chivanga
Sana'a
Ya yi wasan sa na farko na Twenty20 a ranar 10 ga watan Afrilu, 2021, don kuma ga Eagles, a gasar 2020-2021 Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20 Competition. A ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu, 2021, wasan da aka yi tsakanin Eagles da Rocks ya je Super Over, inda Chivanga ya naɗa shi gwarzon ɗan wasan saboda wasan da ya yi a ƙarshen wasan. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, an saka sunan Chivanga cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Zimbabwe don shirinsu na Twenty20 International (T20I) da Pakistan. Kafin zabensa zuwa tawagar ƙasar, Chivanga ya kuma taka leda a ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Zimbabwe A. A ranar 26 ga Afrilun 2021, an saka sunan Chivanga a cikin tawagar Gwajin Zimbabwe, kuma don jerin gwanon da Pakistan.
Ekaterinburg
kai
Ekaterinburg - na uku mafi girma a-kawowa cibiya a Rasha (bayan Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg) - nan 6 tarayya hanyõyi converge [65], 7 main Railway Lines, kazalika da kasashen duniya filin jirgin sama is located. Samuwar Yekaterinburg a matsayin mafi muhimmanci kai cibiya ne sun fi mayar saboda da m kasa wurin da birnin - a kan karamin yankin na Ural Mountains, ta hanyar abin da ya dace don sa da bututun cudanya Turai da Asiya sassa na Rasha.
Tanaka Chivanga
Sana'a
A watan Mayun 2021, an ba shi suna a cikin tawagar Zimbabwe A don jerin wasanninsu da Afirka ta Kudu A. Ya fara halarta a karon farko a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2021, don Zimbabwe A da Afirka ta Kudu A.  A cikin Yuli 2021, an sanya sunan Chivanga a cikin tawagar Gwajin Zimbabwe don wasan su na daya da Bangladesh.
A watan Mayun 2022, an saka sunan Chivanga a cikin tawagar T20I ta Zimbabwe don wasannin gida biyar da suka yi da Namibiya. Ya buga wasansa na farko na T20I a ranar 17 ga Mayun 2022, don Zimbabwe da Namibiya. A wata mai zuwa, an saka shi cikin tawagar Zimbabuwe ta One Day International (ODI) don jerin gwanon da suka yi da Afghanistan. Ya fara wasansa na ODI a ranar 4 ga Yunin 2022, don Zimbabwe da Afghanistan.
Mudasiru Oyetunde Hussein
Mudasiru Oyetunde Hussein (An haifi Hussein a Ejigbo a jihar Osun. ), ya kasan ce ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya wakilci Alliance for Democracy na zango biyu (1999-2007) a Majalisar Wakilai. An zabe shi Sanata ne na Osun ta Yamma a Jihar Osun, Nijeriya a zaben watan Afrilu na 2011, yana gudana a kan dandalin Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).
Harkar siyasa
A watan Fabrairun 2004, Mudasiru Hussein ya ce majalisar na iya gayyatar Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo don ya yi bayanin inda ya samu N360million da aka ce an kashe wajen rusa dukkan kofofin karbar haraji a kasar. A cikin Nuwamba Nuwamba 2004, Hussein ya bayyana cewa karuwar yawan 'yan siyasa na soji a cikin siyasar kasar zai kawo wahala da kwanciyar hankali na dimokiradiyya. A watan Yunin 2005, Mudasiru Hussein ya yi kira da a gano wadanda ke bayan kisan daya daga cikin manyan masu kudin kungiyar Oranmiyan, Alhaji Hassan Olajokun, a matsayin masu matukar muhimmanci don tabbatar da ci gaban dimokuradiyyar Najeriya. A wannan watan, Mudasiru Hussein ya ce za a kawar da tashin hankali don karuwar sarrafa albarkatun ta "Dokar Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Ma'adinai", wanda zai ba yankuna damar kula da albarkatunsu. A watan Janairun 2006, Mudashiru Hussein ya ce kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya bai ba da damar sake tsayawa takara karo na uku ga Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ba.
Tsayawa takarar jam'iyyar Action Congress a zaben majalisar dattijai na 2007 na Osun ta Yamma, Isiaka Adetunji Adeleke ya kayar da shi. Hussein ya daukaka kara game da hukuncin zaben, yana gabatar da shaidu wadanda suka hada da hotunan bidiyo da ke nuna akwatunan zabe da ‘yan daba suka tafi da su kuma masu zaben suka yi musu barazana da muggan makamai, amma kotun ba ta yi la’akari da wannan isa ba don soke sakamakon.
A zaben majalisar dattijai da aka gudanar a watan Afrilun 2011 a yankin Osun ta Yamma ya samu kuri’u 121,971, inda Sanata mai ci yanzu Adeleke na PDP ya zo na biyu da kuri’u 77,090.
Bayan rasuwar sanata Isiaka Adeleke, ya tsaya takara a zaben fidda gwani wanda aka gudanar a watan Afrilu, 2017 a karkashin jam'iyyar All Progressive Congress. Ya sha kaye ga marigayi kanen AdemolaAAdeleke wanda aka fi sani da "sanata mai rawa". Adeleke
Daegu
Daegu (lafazi : /tegu/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Koriya ta Kudu. Daegu tana da yawan jama'a 2,501,673 bisa ga jimillar 2018. An gina birnin Daegu kafin karni na biyu bayan haifuwan annabi Issa. Shugaban birni Daegu Kwon Young-jin ne.
Vimal Shah
Vimal Shah ɗan kasuwa ne, kuma ɗan kasuwan zamani, mai ba da shawara kuma masanin masana'antu a Kenya, mafi girman tattalin arziki a cikin Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka. Shi ne Shugaban Kamfanin Bidco na Afirka kuma shi ne ke da alhakin bunkasar kamfanin zuwa sabbin kasuwanni da kayayyaki Bidco wani kamfani ne na kasuwanci da ke da hannu wajen kera mai da kayan wanke-wanke, sabulu, margarine da kuma foda. An ba da rahoton cewa yana daya daga cikin masu hannu da shuni a Kenya.
Tarihi da ilimi
An haife shi a Nyeri, Kenya. Vimal Shah ya halarci Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka, Cibiyar Nairobi, inda ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Kudi.
Tarihin aiki
A shekara ta 1985, Shahs uku sun yanke shawarar fara kasuwancin kera sabulu. Lokacin da bankunan Kenya suka hana su ba da kuɗi, sai suka koma ga dangi da abokai maimakon. Noman auduga a cikin gida zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa, don haka sun shigo da mai daga Malaysia. Tare da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa, Vimal Shah ya gina kasuwancin, ya haɓaka kamfanin, BIDCO Africa, zuwa ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni na Afirka. Ya kai matsayin Shugaba kafin ya sauka a shekarar 2017. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya gaza shiga harkokin gudanar da ayyukan na BIDCO, a maimakon haka, ya kara kaimi a matsayinsa na shugaban hukumar, mukamin da yake rike da shi har yau.
A halin yanzu, BIDCO Afirka na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antu kuma mafi saurin bunƙasa kayan masarufi na cikin gida. A halin yanzu, suna kasuwa tare da rarraba mafi girma da mafi girman nau'ikan nau'ikan samfura a yankunan Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka kamar: Mai, Mai dafa abinci, Margarine, Kayayyakin burodi, Kayayyakin Tsafta, Kayan wanka, Sandunan Wanki da Abincin Dabbobi.
Jagorancin Kasuwanci
Tun daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2017, Vimal Shah ya kasance yana ba da himma wajen ba da jagoranci kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu a Kenya, Gabashin Afirka da Nahiyar Afirka ta hanyar shafinsa. A cikin shafinsa na yanar gizo, ya yi magana game da rayuwarsa a matsayinsa na dan kasuwa a Afirka, inda ya samo asali daga kwarewarsa a matsayin dan kasuwa mai nasara tun a shekarar 1985. Ta hanyar shafinsa na yanar gizo, yana wallafawa kowane mako akan bangarori daban-daban na rayuwar dan kasuwa. Ana ci gaba da shirye-shiryen fadada shirin jagoranci fiye da shafin sa.
Shirin nasiha na Shah yana da nufin haɓaka kasuwanci da ƙwazo a tsakanin matasa a Afirka. Sabbin rubuce-rubuce suna tashi kowace Litinin.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Vimal Shah ya auri Manda Shah kuma shine mahaifin ɗa guda, Soham Shah (an haife shi a shekara ta 1998). Shi tsohon Shugaban Majalisar Kasuwancin Gabashin Afirka, Kungiyar Masu Masana'antu ta Kenya da KEPSA masu zaman kansu na Kenya. A cikin watan Maris 2014 an zabe shi zuwa 3GF (Global Green Growth Fund) tushen daga Amsterdam.
Felix Nialbé
Felix Romadoumngar Nialbé ɗan siyasan ƙasar Chadi ne kuma ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2021 a tikitin jam’iyyar Union for Renewal and Democracy (URD). Shine shugaban jam'iyyar adawa a majalisar dokokin ƙasar Chadi.
Harkar siyasa
Nialbé ya shiga siyasa a shekarar 1992 lokacin da aka kafa URD. An zaɓe shi ga majalisar ƙasa a shekarar 1997 kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa 2002 lokacin da wa’adinsa ya cika. Ya dawo gidan a cikin shekarar 2011, kuma an zaɓe shi shugaban ƙungiyar yan majalisa ta URD. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki ta Afirka ta Tsakiya (CEMAC) kuma yana kan kujerar Shugabancin Tattaunawar Siyasar Kasa (CNDP) a lokacin rabin rabin shekarar 2020. Ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar adawa a 2019 wanda ya gaji Kamougué Wadal Abdelkader.
2021 takarar shugaban ƙasa
Nialbé ya shiga siyasa a shekarar1992 lokacin da aka kafa URD. An zaɓe shi ga majalisar kasa a 1997 kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa 2002 lokacin da wa’adinsa ya cika. Ya dawo gidan a cikin 2011, kuma an zabe shi shugaban ƙungiyar yan majalisa ta URD. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki ta Afirka ta Tsakiya (CEMAC) kuma yana shugaban kujerun Tattaunawar Siyasa ta Ƙasa (CNDP) a lokacin rabin rabin 2020. Ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar adawa a 2019 wanda ya gaji Kamougué Wadal Abdelkader.
Fensir
Fensir nau'i ne na alkalami Wanda akanyi amfani dashi domin Zane da rubutu musamman amakarantu,ofishi,kuma fensir kalanshi bakine sannan yana kewaye da katako Mai laushi sannan bayan katakon akan zagayeshi daduk kwalliyar da akeso, kasanshi kuma akansa magogi wato(cleaner)sannan yanada tsayi misalin inci daya.
iri fensir
Pencils za a iya raba sauki da kuma m. Simple fensir graphite fensir da ya rubuta a launin toka da tabarau daga haske zuwa kusan baki (dangane da taurin graphite).
New iya yarwa fensir tare da wani katako, frame daga cikin gubar kafin na farko da aikace-aikace sukan da ake bukata domin kaifafa (kaifafa). Baya ga yarwa alkalama, inji pencils, akwai reusable da replaceable Slate a akai frame.
Rivy Poupko Kletenik
Sana'a
Poupko Kletenik shi ne Shugaban Makaranta a Cibiyar Nazarin Ibrananci ta Seattle kuma ya rubuta shafi na shawarwarin Yahudawa na wata-wata mai suna JQ don Sautin Yahudawa na Seattle. Ta kasance mai karɓar kyautar Gidauniyar Alƙawari ga malaman Yahudawa a cikin 2002
Rayuwa ta sirri
An haife shi kuma ya girma a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Poupko Kletenik diyar Gilda Twerski Novoseller Poupko ce,zuriyar daular Hasidic, da Baruch Poupko,rabbi sama da shekaru 60 na Ikilisiyar Shaare Torah a Pittsburgh.
Mohd Irwan Serigar Abdullah
[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Irwan Serigar bin Abdullah (an haife shi 7 Maris 1957) ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Baitulmalin a Ma'aikatar Kudi daga 2011 zuwa 14 ga Mayu, 2018. Mutane da yawa sun san shi a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya da Creativity ta Malaysia (MaGIC) da kuma wanda ya kafa kuma mai kula da Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (GEM), ƙungiyar da ba ta gwamnati ba (NGO) wacce ita ce dandalin sadarwar tsakanin 'yan kasuwa.
Bugu da kari, Abdullah kuma yana da fayil na Sakatare Janar na Baitulmalin a Babban Bankin da Babban Darakta a Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Cibiyar Nazarin Dabarun da Kasa da Kasa (ISIS) Malaysia da Pendinginan Megajana Sdn. Bhd. Kafin wannan, an nada shi Mataimakin Mataimakin Sakatare a Sashen Tattalin Arziki da Kasa da Kasa a Ma'aikatar Kudi a 2007 da Mataimakin Seakatare a wannan sashen a 2008.
Ilimi
Abdullah ya sami digiri na farko na Nazarin Demographic (Hons) daga Jami'ar Malaya, Kuala Lumpur a 1982 kafin ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Amurka tare da Jagoran Kimiyya a Makamashi, Gudanarwa da Manufofin. Abdullah ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Musulunci ta Duniya da ke Kuala Lumpur. Ya kuma shiga cikin shirin gudanarwa na ci gaba wanda Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard ta shirya a lokacin zaman bazara na 2008.
Farkon aiki
Abdullah ya fara aikinsa a bangaren jama'a a Sashin Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki a Sashen Firayim Minista a shekarar 1984. Matsayinsa a wannan lokacin ya kasance Mataimakin Darakta daga 1984 zuwa 1986. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Sashen Masana'antu, Sashin Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki daga 1986 zuwa 1987. Daga 1987 zuwa 1998, ya kasance Babban Mataimakin Darakta na Sashen Makamashi. Da farko a shekara ta 1999, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Darakta na Sashen Kasuwanci, Sashin Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki. A shekara ta 2003, ya shiga Sashen Tattalin Arziki da Kasa da Kasa, Ma'aikatar Kudi a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Sakatare. Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2006, an nada Abdullah a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Econometrics, Sashen Tattalin Arziki da Kasa da Kasa na Ma'aikatar Kudi, daga baya aka nada shi Shugaban Dangantaka da yawa a cikin wannan rukunin a shekara ta 2006. Ya ci gaba da aikinsa ta hanyar rike mukamin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar (Policy) a 2011 da Sakatare janar na Baitulmalin a 2012.
Abdullah ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Felda Global Ventures Holdings Berhad daga 29 ga Nuwamba, 2012, zuwa 16 ga Yuli, 2013; Darakta ba Babban ba na Kamfanin Selangor Water Supply Company; Daraktoci ba Mai zaman kansa na Padiberas Nasional Bhd. daga 26 ga Agusta, 2011, zuwa Afrilu 2013. An kuma danka shi ya rike mukamin Darakta ba mai zaman kansa ba a AmanahRaya-JMF Asset Management Sdn. Bhd. da Manajan Asusun AmanahRaya Property Investment Trust Fund tun daga ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2007. Baya ga kasancewa cikin kula da amincewa a AmanahRaya, yana kuma daya daga cikin amintattu a cikin Gidauniyar Adalci ta Kasa.
Shi ne kuma babban sakatare na mai ba da kuɗi na 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB).