cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Richard Beale Blaize
Harkar siyasa
Ya kasance babban memba na Royal African Society a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na sha tara. Ya kasance a lokuta daban-daban, mawallafin jarida. Ya shiga kasuwancin buga labarai a cikin shekarar 1880, tare da ƙaddamar da The Lagos Times and Gold Coast Colony Advertiser. Takardar ta kawo wa Mista Mojola Agbebi, wanda daga baya ya zama fitaccen mutum kuma ya shahara da ra'ayinsa kan kishin kasa na al'adu. Duk da haka, rayuwar jaridar ta kasance a takaice, ta nade a cikin shekarar 1883. Daga nan sai John Payne Jackson, dan gudun hijirar Laberiya wanda ya so ya sake kirkiro da Times. Bayan da yawa da zazzagewa, Blaize ta yarda ta buga wani sabon raggi: Times Weekly Times. Ta hanyar jaridun sa, ya taka rawar gani wajen neman karin ilimi, samar da wakilci ga ’yan Afirka a Legas, mulkin kai, sannan ya yi yunkurin raba Legas Colony da Gold Coast Colony wanda daga baya ya rabu a shekarar 1886.
An nuna tasirin siyasar Blaize a Legas Colony a cikin shekarar 1901 a lokacin takarar kujerar Legas. Bayan da Gwamna William MacGregor ya ki amincewa da kowane daya daga cikin ‘yan takarar da ke hamayya da shi (Oduntan da Ajose Dawudu) na Obaship, daya daga cikin masu rike da sarautar (Yesufu Omo-Oba) ya gabatar da Eshugbayi Eleko ga Blaize, ita kuma Blaize, ta gabatar da Eshugbayi Eleko. Gwamna MacGregor, wanda ya amince da Eleko a matsayin Oba na Legas.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Blaize ya auri Emily Cole a shekarar 1871 kuma ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya 6 ciki har da Charlotte Olajumoke, wanda a cikin shekarar 1902, ta auri Dr. Orisadipe Obasa. Emily Cole ya mutu a shekara ta 1895.
Mutuwa, da taimakon jama'a
A cikin shekarar 1890s an kiyasta ƙimar kuɗin Blaize ya kai kusan £150,000. Blaize ya ba da gudummawar £500 don tunawa da Mary Kingsley zuwa Makarantar Liverpool na Magungunan Tropical. Lokacin da ya mutu a cikin shekarar 1904, ya ba da kyautar £ 3,000 don kafa Cibiyar tunawa da Blaize a Abeokuta, wacce aka buɗe a shekarar 1909 kuma ya yi aiki sosai a cikin shekarar 1970s. Blaize an ci gaba da danganta shi da Freetown, wurin haihuwarsa, yana ba da kyautar £500 ga Asibitin Kirista na Gimbiya a can. Blaize ya bar wani kadara mai daraja £60,000 ga yaransa. Daya daga cikin zuriyarsa ita ce 'yar Najeriya mai yin gyaran fuska Lola Maja.
Jayalath Manoratne
Keselgaspe Jayalath Manoratne ( Sinhala  an haifeshi a ranar shabiu 12 ga watan Yuni shekara ta alif dari tara da arba'in da takwas 1948 -ya mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2020) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Sri Lanka. Ya fito a fina-finai, talabijin da kuma a kan mataki. Ya yi rawar gani a Doo Daruwo, Handaya da Hiripoda Wassa.
Farkon rayuwa
An haife shi a Nuwara Eliya.
Tarihin Daura
Gabatarwa
A sanin kowa ne cewar, kowace al'umma da kuma kowace kasa a duniya nan tamu, tana da tarihin asalin kafuwarta, al'adunta da kuma dabi'unta wadanda take alfahari da su. Su ne kuma suke bambanta kasa ko al'umma da waninta. Ta hanyar ilmin tarihi da al'adu da dabi'un kasa ne ake sanin mashahuran mutanen kowace kasa, da kuma irin gudunmuwar da suka bayar wajen daukaka martabar kasarsu ko al'ummarsu, har sun kai fagen zama ababen koyi ga na bayansu. Har ma ta kai ana yin misali da halayen da dabi'un da suka bari don amfanin ya'yannsu da jikokinsu. Masana tarihivbda al'adu da kuma dabi'u na kowacce kasa ko al'umma, yawanci sukan yi amfani ne da kuma tabbatar da sahihancin abin da za su bayyana dangane da tarihin ko al'adun al'umma ko kuma dabi'unta. Yawancin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su sune: Na daya, hanyar "Kunne ya gimi-kaka". Wato tarihin baka, irin na wane yaji ga wane, shi kuma ya fada wa wane. Hanya ta biyu, ita ce alamu na zahiri' da za a iya dogara dasu wajen tabbatar da kasancewar kasar ko dabi'unta ko kuma al'adunta. Wadanda sun hada da abubuwa kamar su gine-ginen mutanen kasar, tanadaddun kayan tarihi da kuma abubuwan tarihi da aka hako na mutanen da, wadanda suka yi zama a wurin, shekara da shekaru da suka wuce. Hanya ta uku, ita ce ta rubutattun tarihi, ko dai wadanda mutanen da suka rubuta da kansu ko kuma wadanda na bayan su suka rubuta, suka bari ta yin amfani da hanya ta daya da ta biyu. Tarihin kafuwar daular Daura da asalin sarautarta da kuma kafuwar kasashen Hausa, an same shi ne ta wadannan hanyoyi da aka bayyana a sama.
Kasar Daura na da matsayi na musamman a tarihin kasar Hausa. Labarin da ake da shi game da asalin Hausa Bakwai, ya nuna mana cewa daga Daura ne aka fara juyin nan da ya kawo canje-canje a sarautun kasashen Hausa. Tarihin ya nuna mana cewa, mata ne suka fara yin sarautar Daura. Ana kiran wadannan sarauniyoyi Magajiya.
A zamanin Magajiya Shwata ne wani bako sa aka fi sani da suna Bayajida ya zo Daura. Labarin zuwan Bayajida, ya ce shi mutumi nkasar Bagadaza ne a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya. A Daura ne ya kashe Macijiya da ta addabi mutanen gari. Wannan bajinta da ya yi, ta zama sanadin da ya auri Magajiya. Bayan mutuwar Bayajida da Magajiya, sai sarautar Daura ta koma ga dansu Bawo. Daga nan ne kuma sarautar ta koma hannun maza.
Labari ya nuna mana cewa, 'ya'yan Bawo ne suka yi sarautar kasashen Hausa shida. Wadannan kasashe su ne Daura,Kano,Katsina,Zazzau,Gobir da Rano. Wadanda da Bayajida ya haifa kafin ya iso Birnin Daura a garin gabas, mai suna Biram, ya yi sarauta a gabas ta Biram, (Garun Gabas) wadda ita ce cikon Hausa Bakwai.
Ba mu da cikakken tarihin Daura daga labarin kafuwar mulki, sai bayan jihadin Usman Dan Fodyo da ya auku a farkon karni na goma sha tara.
Mallam Isyaku ne almajirin Shehu USman Dan Fodiyo da ya shugabanci jihadi a kasar Daura. Mallam Isyaku ya mamaye garin Daura bayan Sarkin Daura Abdullahi, wanda aka fi sani da Sarki Gwari Abdu, ya fice daga garin tare da jama'arsa.
Mallam Isyaku ne Sarki Fulani na Farko a Daura. Zuri'arsa ta ci gaba da mulkin Daura har 1906 lokacin da aka mayar da sarakunan Daura na asali.
Sarakunan Daura sun yi gudun Hijira na shekara dari daga lokacin da sarkin Gwari Abdu ya fita har zuwa lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka mayar da su a kan gadon sarautarsu na Daura a cikin 1906.
Sarakunan Daura sun kafa mulkinsu a wurare da dama, a lokacin da suke gudun hijira. Sun zauna a Murya da Yekuwa garuruwan da yanzu ke cikin Jamhuriyyar Nijar. Sun kuma zauna a Yardaje, Toka da Acilafiya kafin su kafa mulkinsu a Zangon Daura wurin da ska fi dadewa. Daga nan ne kuma Turawan mulkin mallaka suka mayar da su a kan sarautar Daura, wato aka mayar da su gidansu na iyaye da kakanni.
Kasar Daurata samu ci gaba a lokacin Sarkin Abdurrahman wanda ya yi shekara 55 a kn gadon Sarautar Daura (daga 1911-1966). Allah ya jikansa, ya rahamce shi,amin. Da kuma zamanin Sarki Bashar, wanda ya gaji Sarki Abdurrahman a cikin 1966 kuma yake sarautar Daura har zuwa lokacin da Allah ya dauki ransa a ranar Asabar 24 ga Fabarairu 2007.
Asalin Mutanen Daura da Kafuwar Masarautar Daura
A dai dai lokacin da Najib yayi zango a kasashen Masar sai dan sa Abdukl-Dar ya wuto zuwa kasashen Tura bulus inda ya zauna na wani dan lokaci har ma ya nemi sarauta a daya daga cikin biranen amma mutanen suka ki yarda da su ba bashi. Ganin haka, sai Abdul dar ya taso daga kasashen Turabulus, shi da mutanen sa wadanda suka biyoshi daga inda suka rabu da mahaifinsa wato Masar, suka fuskanci Kudu. Suna tafiya suka ratsa hamadar rairayin nan ta sahara har suka iso wani dausayi mai ni'ima da koramuda ake kira "Gigido". Wurin da aka fi sani da tsohion birni. A wannan wuri mai ni'ima ne suka tsaida shawarsu su zauna. Zaman Abdul dar da mutanensa a wannan wuri "Dausayi" shi ya haifar da kafuwar da garin da yanzu aka sani da sunan 'Daura'. Domin kuwa sanadiyar zamansu a wannan wuri m ai dausayi da koramu, ya sa suka saki jiki har suka kafa gari wanda ya kasaita hae ya zama Daula mai fadi wanda ta mamaye 'yan karkaru dakwe kusa da ita har ma da masu nisa da ita. Bayan mutuwar Abdul dar 'ya'yansa da jikokinsa mata ne suka ringa yin Sarautar wannan daular da ake kira Daura. Ana kiransu da sarautar MAgajiya. Ga sunayensu: Kufuru, Gini, Yakumo, Yakunya, Walzamu, Yanbamu, Gizir-gizir, Innagari, da Daurama itace ta karshe da tayi sarauta a tsohon birni. Itace ta matsa kudu ta kafa garin Daura na yanzu. Daga sunanta ne aka sam i sunan wannan gari Daura, kuma sarautar Daura ta tashi daga MAgajiya ta koma Daurama. Bayan mutuwarta a Daura ga sauran matan da sukayi sarauta: Gamata, Shata, Batatuma, Sandamata, Jamata, Hamata, Zama da Shawata.
Masana Tarihi su suna cewa a zamanin Daurama Shawata ne Bayajidda yazo Daura. Domin itace magajiya ta goma-sha bakwai kuma ta karshe a jerin sarautar mata.
ko da yake anyi bayani cewa, Abduldar da mutanensa sun zauna a Dausayin Gigidohar suka kafa Daula, da kuma bayanin kaurar Sarauniya Daurama zuwa inda garin Daura yake a yanzu, ba wai ana nifin babu wasu mutane da ke zaune a wanna nwuri bane sam sam. A'a, akwai mutane wadanda ke zaune a karkara mai dausayi, tun kafin zuwan su Abduldar da mtanensa. sai dai su wadannan mutane ba wai suna zaune ne a tattare ba, kowa yana zaune ne da iyalinsa da danginsa. Galibinsu mafarauta ne da asu hakar tam. Kuma suna yawo daga wannan wuri zuwa wancan. Basu da wani tsari na Shugabanci ko Addini, balle wani hali na ci gaba ko zamantakewa da dabi'u irin na al'ummar da kanta ya waye ko ya fara wyewa. misali, akwai irin wannan mutane a kewaye da Gigido har ma yawansu na farauta da hakar tama da kuma hanyoyin neman Abinci kan dauke su zuwa wurare masu nisa. Kamar yanda aka same su a wurare kamar Gindin dutsen Dala a kano, kasashen da yanzu aka sani da sunayen Katsina, Rano, Gobir, Zazzau, Gaya, Garun gabas da sauran wuraren da suka zamo kasashe HAusa a yau. Tun da yake irin wadannan mutane ba'a zaune suke wuri gida ba, kuma basu da tsari na shuganci sai ya kasance suna zaune ne cikin tsoro da rashin aminci.
Zuwan Abduldar dausayin Gigido shi ya haifar da kafuwar daular Daura. Bayan mutuwarsa mata suka ringa yin sarautar kasar Daura. Tarihin da aka Samo daga Girgam ya nuna mana cewa mata goma sha bakwai sukayi sarautar Daura kafin sarauta ta koma hannun maza.
Jharana Das
Jharana Das yar wasan Ollywood na Indiya, ce kuma yar jarida. An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar fim ta Odia.
Rayuwa da aiki
Jharana Das ta fara aikinta a cikin 1960s a matsayin yarinya mai fasaha kuma mai shela don All India Radio, Cuttack inda ta samar da abubuwan kirkira a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, waƙa da fim. Daga baya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darektan tashar Doordarshan a Cuttack.
Times Now ya bayyana cewa Das "ta zaɓi aiki a cikin fina-finai a lokacin da ba mutane da yawa suka zaɓi tafiya a hanya" kuma ta ba da rahoton cewa dole ne ta fuskanci adawar dangi don bin kiran ta. Ɗan’uwanta, wanda ke cikin rundunar sojojin saman Indiya, ya shawo kan iyalinsu su ƙyale Jharana ta bi abin da ta zaɓa. Ta dauki horon al'adar murya a Kolkata wanda zai iya kara girman rawar da take yi a fina-finai.
Mutuwa
Das ta mutu a gidanta da ke Cuttack a ranar 2 ga Disamba 2022. Shugaban kasar Indiya Droupadi Murmu ya san mutuwarta. Babban Ministan Odisha Naveen Patnaik shi ma ya bayyana alhininsa game da rasuwar jarumar tare da bayyana cewa za a gudanar da ibadar ta na karshe tare da cikakkiyar girmamawa. Patnaik ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa "Za a iya tunawa da rawar da ta taka a fagen wasa da fim. Allah ya sa ranta ya kwanta lafiya da ta'aziyyata ga dangin da suka rasu."
Mahmoud Elsayad
Mahmoud Sayed Abdelsalam El Sayad (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu, shekara alif ɗari tara da casa'in da uku1993A.c) ɗan wasan badminton ne na kasar Masar.
Challenge/Series na BWF na Duniya
Men's doubles Mixed doubles
Agness Musa
Agness Musase (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1997) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Zambiya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Zambia. Ta fafata a Zambia a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ta shekara ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni uku.
Agness Musase ya kasance cikin tawagar Zambia don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA shekara ta 2023.
Fataucin Ɗan Adam a Nijar
Gwamnatin Nijar ba ta cika cika ƙa'idojin kawar da fataucin mutane ba; duk da haka, tana kokarin yin hakan sosai. Duk da wannan yunƙuri da suka haɗa da hukuncin biyu na laifukan bautar gargajiya, gwamnatin Nijar ta gaza wajen aiwatar da hukunce-hukunce da kuma ba da taimako ga waɗanda aka zalunta, musamman ga waɗanda aka yi wa bautar gargajiya a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.
Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Sa ido da Yaki da fataucin mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Lissafin Kulawa na Tier 2" a cikin shekara ta 2017.
Laifi
Gwamnatin Nijar ta nuna ingantattu amma iyakacin kokarin tabbatar da doka don magance fataucin yara da bautar gargajiya. Nijar ta haramta bauta ta hanyar 2003 da aka yi wa kwaskwarima ga sashi na 270 na kundin hukunta laifukan ta, sannan ta haramta aikin tilastawa da tilastawa ta hanyar sashe na 4 na dokokin aiki. Mataki na ashirin da 292 da na 293 na Penal Code sun haramta siyan yaro don yin karuwanci, sannan Mataki na 181 ya haramta karfafa wa yara bara ko cin riba daga bara. Sai dai Nijar ba ta hana wasu nau'ikan fataucin ba, kamar karuwanci da manya. Hukuncin da aka ƙayyade na zaman gidan yari na shekaru 10 zuwa 30 saboda laifukan bautar ya yi tsauri sosai. Hukuncin da aka tsara na aikin tilastawa, tarar da ke tsakanin $48 zuwa dala 598 da kuma daga kwanaki shida zuwa zaman gidan yari na wata guda, ba haka ba ne. Rashin fayyace dokar hana fataucin mutane ya kawo cikas ga kokarin tabbatar da doka: daftarin dokar da ta haramta fataucin mutane da aka rubuta a shekara ta 2007 ya kasance a jira.
A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, hukumomin tsaro sun kama wasu mutane da ake zargi da safarar yara: an saki wasu mutane biyu da ake zargi ba tare da an gurfanar da su a gaban kotu ba, wasu kuma ana tuhumar su da laifin sace ƙananan yara. A wani yanayi, ‘yan sanda da masu gabatar da kara sun ceto yara 78 da aka yi safarar su, amma ba su kama su ba, saboda iyalansu ne suka aike yaran domin neman aiki. An saki Marabout da aka kama da laifin cin zarafin yara don dalilai na tattalin arziki bayan an tsare su kafin a gurfanar da su gaban kotu. An saki wasu mutane biyu da ake zargi da laifin safarar mutane da laifin daukar 'yan mata shida da maza biyu aikin karuwanci a Najeriya bayan shafe watanni biyu a gidan yari; Babu tabbas ko wannan ɗaurin kurkuku ne bayan yanke hukunci ko kuma tsare shi ne kafin a yi shari'a. A watan Nuwambar shekara ta 2009, Kotun N'Guigmi ta yanke wa wani mutum hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari ban da tarar $20,000 na diyya ga wanda aka azabtar da kuma $2,000 ga gwamnati da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai yaki da bauta. An samu wanda ake tuhuma da laifin rike wanda aka azabtar a matsayin bawa a kauyensu: a ƙarshen shekarar, wanda ake kara bai daukaka ƙara a kan hukuncin ba kuma bai biya adadin da kotu ta bayar ba.
An sami ƙarin ci gaba a shari'ar bautar Hadidjtou Mani Koraou vs. Souleymane Naroua. A watan Oktoban shekara ta 2008, Kotun ECOWAS ta yanke hukuncin cewa gwamnatin Nijar ta gaza kare wanda aka azabtar, wanda tsohon bawa ne, tare da ba da umarnin biyan diyyar dala 20,000. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, wata kotu a Nijar ta yanke wa wanda ake tuhuma hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyu a gidan yari, kuma ta umarce shi da ya biya diyyar dala 2,000 ga matar da ya bautar da kuma $1,000 ga gwamnatin Nijar. Wanda ake tuhumar ya yi korafin cewa hukuncin ya wuce kima, ya kuma shigar da kara a gaban kotun ɗaukaka kara ta Yamai: a wannan rana, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta kare hakkin bil’adama ta ɗaukaka ƙara a gaban kotun guda, tana mai da’awar hukuncin da aka yanke wa wanda ya aikata laifin fataucin bai yi tsauri ba. Ba a sanya ranar da za a sauraren karar ba, kuma ba a san matsayin wasu mata bakwai ba - wadanda aka ce sun kasance bayi a hannun wanda ya aikata laifin safarar bayan wanda aka yi zargin ya tsere. Har ila yau, ba a san inda ’ya’yan mamacin biyu suke ba, wadanda su ma wadanda suka aikata laifin fataucin bayi ne. Ba a sami rahoton ci gaba ba a cikin shari'ar bautar shekara ta 2006 Midi Ajinalher vs. Hamad Alamin. Hukumomin Nijar sun haɗa kai da jami'an Mali, Togo, da Najeriya wajen gudanar da bincike kan safarar mutane, tare da miƙa wani da ake zargi da safarar mutane zuwa hannun Interpol. Wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta horar da jami’an tsaro 30 wajen ganowa da kuma taimaka wa wadanda abin ya shafa. Babu wata shaida da jami'an Nijar ke da hannu wajen aikata laifukan safarar mutane.
Kariya
Gwamnatin Nijar ta nuna iyakacin ƙoƙarinta na ba da kulawa ga waɗanda ake fataucin yara da wadanda ayyukan bautar da aka saba yi. Hukumomin ƙasar sun gano waɗanda ake fataucin yara tare da hadin gwiwa da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ƙungiyoyin kasa da ƙasa, amma ba su bayar da rahoton ƙoƙarin gano waɗanda bala'in bautar da aka saba yi ba. Ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta ci gaba da gudanar da wani shiri na maraba da samar da matsuguni na wucin gadi - na kusan mako guda - ga 'yan Nijar da aka dawo da su gida, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu na iya yin safarar waɗanda abin ya shafa. A yayin da jami’an ma’aikatar suka yi hira da waɗannan ‘yan ƙasar don taimaka musu wajen dawo da su, ba su yi ƙoƙarin gano waɗanda aka yi fataucin ba a cikinsu. Saboda karancin kayan aiki gwamnati ba ta gudanar da nata matsugunin waɗanda aka kashe ba, sai dai ta mika wa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu taimako. Yayin da gwamnati ba ta da wani tsari na tantancewa da kuma mika mutanen da aka yi fataucin, hukumomi sun mika wadanda abin ya shafa fataucin ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don kulawa ba tare da izini ba. A Agadez, hukumomin yankin sun hada gwiwa da UNICEF da wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta don ceto da kuma taimakawa yara 78 da aka yi amfani da su. Tare da haɗin gwiwar wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke aiki a Makalondi da Yamai da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa, hukumomi sun ceto, sun gyara, tare da mayar wa iyalansu ƙananan yara 141 da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin wadannan yara 219 da wadannan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu biyu suka taimaka a shekara ta 2009, 138 ‘yan Nijar ne, sauran yaran 77 kuma sun fito ne daga kasashe makwabta. A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, hukumomi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun bayar da rahoton taimakawa yara 81 da aka yi safarar su.
A cikin wannan shekarar, jami'an gwamnati sun ba da rahoton cewa, ba a yi wani kokari na taimakawa mutanen da aka yi wa bautar gargajiya ba, idan aka kwatanta da bayar da taimako ga irin wadannan mutane guda 40 da aka kashe a lokacin rahoton baya. Gwamnati ta samar da wasu kayan kiwon lafiya ga wadanda aka yi safarar yara tare da taimaka musu wajen mayar da su garuruwansu. Hukumomi sun ƙarfafa waɗanda abin ya shafa da fataucin su shiga bincike da gabatar da kara, kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun taimaka wa waɗanda abin ya shafa wajen shigar da ƙara da neman matakin shari'a. Gwamnati dai ba ta samar da wasu hanyoyin da doka za ta bi wajen fitar da ‘yan ƙasashen waje wadanda aka kashe zuwa ƙasashen da suke fuskantar kunci ko ladabtarwa ba. Ba a tsare mutanen da aka gano ba ta hanyar da ta dace ba ko kuma tarar da aka yi musu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba sakamakon fataucinsu kai tsaye.
Rigakafi
Gwamnatin Nijar ta yi iyakacin kokarinta na hana fataucin mutane ta hanyar yakin neman wayar da kan jama'a game da fataucin kananan yara a lokacin rahoton. Gwamnati ta kulla kawance da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kuma jami'ai sun halarci taron karawa juna sani da horo da wadannan ƙungiyoyi suka shirya. A lokacin rahoton, hukumomi sun tallafa wa gungun ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ƙungiyoyi wajen shirya taro kan fataucin mutane da cin zarafi. Hukumar yaki da fataucin mutane da dama da hukumar yaki da ayyukan tilastawa da wariya sun kasance a kan takarda, amma ba su yi cikakken aiki ba. A cikin shekara ta 2008, gwamnati ta yi haɗin gwiwa da UNICEF don kafa kwamitocin yanki don hana fataucin yara, koda yake ba a fayyace sakamakon da ayyukan waɗannan kwamitocin ba. Wani daftarin yarjejeniyar yaki da fataucin mutane a shekara ta 2006 tsakanin Nijar da Najeriya ya kasance ba a sanya hannu ba. Gwamnatin Nijar ba ta ɗauki matakan rage buƙatar yin lalata da kasuwanci a cikin wannan shekarar ba. Hukumomin ƙasar ba su bayar da rahoton baiwa sojojin Nijar din da aka tura kasashen waje a matsayin wani bangare na ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya na ƙasa da ƙasa horon wayar da kan jama'a kan safarar mutane ba kafin a tura su.
Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander
Tamara Eugenia Awerbuch-Friedlander ƙwararren masanin ilimin halittu ne kuma masanin kimiyar lafiyar jama'a wanda ya yi aiki a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard(HSPH)a Boston, Massachusetts. Binciken ta na farko da wallafe-wallafen sun mayar da hankali kan hulɗar zamantakewar rayuwa wanda ke haifar da ko taimakawa ga cututtuka.An kuma yi imanin cewa ita ce mace ta farko da ta kasance mamba na jami'ar Harvard da ta fuskanci shari'ar juri don karar da aka shigar a kan Jami'ar Harvard don nuna bambancin jima'i.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Tamara Awerbuch a Uruguay,ta rayu har zuwa shekaru 12 a Buenos Aires, Argentina,sannan ta koma Isra'ila tare da iyayenta,inda kakaninta da iyayenta suka zauna bayan sun tsere daga Nazi Jamus kafin a fara Holocaust.Ta yi karatun digiri biyu a Jami'ar Hebrew da ke Urushalima. Ta karanci ilmin sinadarai kuma ta karanci a fannin kimiyyar halittu sannan ta kammala digirin BSc a shekarar 1965.A cikin 1967,ta kammala Master of Science (MSc)a fannin ilimin halittar jiki da kuma Jagoran Ilimi(MED)daga Jami'ar Ibrananci. shedar koyar da maki K-12 a Isra'ila,inda ta ke gabatar da jawabai da kuma bayyana a kan bangarori da kuma a taron bita,kamar yadda ta yi a Amurka da sauran wurare. Ta kuma yi aikin soja na Isra’ila na tsawon shekara biyu.
A cikin Oktoba 1973,yayin da ta ziyarci abokai a Amurka,an ba ta aiki a MIT a Cambridge,Massachusetts,don yin nazarin sinadarai na carcinogens a cikin al'adun nama,sa'an nan kuma fasaha ta zamani.A wannan lokacin,ta yi aiki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje tana nazarin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a cikin al'adun nama,ta yi karatun kwas ɗaya kowane semester,kuma ta yi rayuwa cikin wahala,ta raba gida tare da ƙaramar Faculty of MIT da ɗaliban da suka kammala digiri.A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin kwasa-kwasan da aka ba ta a kowane semester,a cikin bazarar 1974 ta fara karatun lissafi,tana ɗaukar lissafi da ƙididdiga.A lokacin rani 1975,ta yi karatun digiri a matsayin ɗalibi na cikakken lokaci a MIT, inda a cikin 1979 ta kammala digiri na uku a fannin Abinci da Abinci.Ta zama 'yar Amurka kuma ya zauna a Amurka tun lokacin. An ɗauke ta a cikin 1983 zuwa Sashen Biostatistics na Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan ta Shugaban Sashen Marvin Zelen.Ta kasance masanin Fulbright a cikin 1988.A cikin 1993,ta fara doguwar aiki a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya da Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan.
'Ya'yanta biyu,Danny da Ari,an haife su a cikin 1980s kuma sun girma a Brookline, Massachusetts.Tana jin Turanci, Ibrananci,da Sipaniya sosai kuma tana fahimta kuma tana karanta Jamusanci.
Sana'a
Tun daga farkon 2000s, ta shirya da gudanar da bincike kan yanayin da ke haifar da bullowa, kiyayewa, da yaduwar annoba. Binciken ta ya ƙunshi cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STDs) irin su HIV/AIDS, da cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su cutar Lyme, dengue, da cutar Zika da zazzabin Zika. Awerbuch-Friedlander kwanan nan yayi bincike akan yadawa da sarrafa rabies dangane da nazarin tarihin muhalli. Ayyukanta na tsaka-tsaki ne, kuma wasu daga cikin wallafe-wallafenta an haɗa su tare da masana kimiyya na duniya da membobin sassa daban-daban na HSPH da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts.
Wasu nau'ikan ƙididdiga na lissafinta sun haifar da ainihin binciken cututtukan cututtuka, alal misali, cewa oscillations wani abu ne na zahiri na haɓakar kaska. Ta gabatar da aikinta a yawancin tarurrukan kasa da kasa da kuma Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lissafi ta Isaac Newton a Cambridge, Ingila, inda aka gayyace ta don shiga cikin Shirin a kan Model na annoba.
Awerbuch-Friedlander memba ne wanda ya kafa Sabbin kuma Resurgent Cututtuka Masu Aiki. A cikin wannan mahallin, ta shiga cikin shirya wani taro a Woods Hole, Massachusetts, game da bullowar cututtuka da sake dawowa, inda ta jagoranci taron bita akan Modelin Lissafi. Bugu da ƙari, ta kafa haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa, kamar tare da masana kimiyya na Isra'ila game da cututtuka masu tasowa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, tare da masanan Cuban game da cututtuka na tsire-tsire da ci gaba da hanyoyin gabaɗaya, tare da masana kimiyya na Brazil kan haɓaka ra'ayoyi don jagorantar ingantaccen sa ido. . A cikin ƙarshen 1990s, Awerbuch-Friedlander ya kasance mai bincike a cikin wani aiki, "Me yasa Sabbin Cututtuka da Tashe-tashen hankula suka kama Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Mamaki da Dabarun Hana Wannan" (Gidauniyar Robert Wood Johnson ta goyi bayan). A Harvard TH Chan Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Awerbuch-Friedlander ne ya jagoranci kwamitin kan Lissafi da Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a. Wasu daga cikin takardun bincikenta sun kasance sakamakon haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗalibai ta hanyar karatun Mathematical Models a Biology, wanda ke da kaso mai yawa da aka sadaukar don cututtuka masu yaduwa. Haƙiƙa tana sha'awar ilimin kiwon lafiyar jama'a kuma ta ƙirƙira software na ilimi ga matasa 'yan makarantar sakandare bisa ƙira don tantance haɗarin cewa mutumin da ke da wasu halayen jima'i masu haɗari a zahiri zai kamu da cutar kanjamau. Waɗannan samfuran sun taimaka wa matasa masu haɗarin haɗari, iyaye, malamai, shugabannin kiwon lafiya na al'umma, da masu binciken lafiyar jama'a don bincika yadda canje-canjen halayen jima'i ke tasiri yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar HIV.
Gaskiya ita ce Gaba ɗaya
Awerbuch-Friedlander kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin tsarawa don bikin ranar haihuwar 85th na Richard Levins,wanda ya kafa shirin Human Ecology a cikin Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Duniya da Yawan Jama'a na Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard,taron kwana uku tare da taken Hegelian."Gaskiya ita ce duka"da aka gudanar a tsakiyar 2015 a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard,tana mai da hankali kan gudummawar da yawa a cikin samfuran ka'idar rikitarwa da cikakken bincike daga masanin ilimin lissafi Levins da abokan aikinsa,ɗalibai,da almajirai,waɗanda ke da sha'awar sosai.a cikin hadadden tsarin ilmin halitta.Littafin watan Satumba na 2018,Gaskiya Ita Ce Duka: Rubuce-rubucen Girmamawa na Richard Levins ( ISBN 0998889105 /9780998889108),wanda ta kasance editan hadin gwiwa tare da Maynard Clark da Dr.Peter Taylor,ya hada da sassan shari'ar daga masu ba da gudummawa sama da 20 daga cewa Harvard symposium.
Cin zarafin jima'i a kan Harvard
Ko da yake Theda Skocpol ta yi zargin nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi a cikin ƙin yin aiki tun a farkon 1980,Awerbuch-Friedlander an yi imanin ita ce mace ta farko ta Jami'ar Harvard da ta shigar da kara a kan Jami'ar Harvard don nuna bambancin jima'i. An shigar da karar tare da Kotun Koli ta Middlesex County a watan Yuni 1997. Magoya bayanta,Richard Levins da Marvin Zelen, sun kwadaitar da Awerbuch-Friedlander "kusan dala miliyan 1 a cikin asarar albashi da fa'idodi,da kuma ci gaba a HSPH"kuma ta yi jayayya"cewa Fineberg ya ki ya inganta ta zuwa matsayi.waƙa saboda ita mace ce,duk da kyakkyawan shawarar da kwamitin zaɓe na HSPH na nadi da sake nadawa (SCARP)ya bayar." Tsawon lokaci daga 1998 zuwa 2007,Harvard Crimson(kafofin watsa labarai na harabar),The Boston Globe(kafofin watsa labarai na gida),da mujallar Kimiyya(kafofin watsa labaru na kwararru da na kimiyya)sun rufe shari'ar nuna wariyar jinsi.Kimiyya ta tattara abubuwan ci gaban shari'ar nuna wariya ta jima'i a cikin"Labaran Makon:Mata a Kimiyya" sashe. kuma a cikin KIMIYYAR KIMIYYA bayan wata biyu. Shari'arta ta nuna wariya ta jima'i ta dogara ne kan hanawar da Harvard ta yi mata,duk da manyan nasarorin da ta samu a fannonin ƙwararrunta,ilimin halittu,ilimin cututtuka, ilimin halittu da lafiyar jama'a.Jami’ar ta yi zargin cewa,ba a bude wuraren wa’adi na wa’adi ba a sabon sashen nata,bayan an canza mata aiki daga wannan sashen zuwa wancan.
Jozef Kapláň
Jozef Kapláň (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1986) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Slovakia wanda ke taka leda a OŠK Bešeňová. Ya iya daukar nauyin duka biyun dan wasan gaba da na tsakiya mai kai hari. Shi ma mai lasisin UEFA B ne.
Kididdigar sana'a
Železiarne Podbrezová
A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2018, ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar I-League Chennai City kuma ya bayyana a wasannin gasar 10 na kungiyar. Ya kuma lashe taken 2018-19 I-League tare da kulob din, wanda Akbar Nawas ke gudanarwa.
OŠK Bešeňova
A ranar 23 ga Watan Agusta shekarar 2019, Kaplan ya koma Slovakia kuma ya shiga OŠK Bešeňová.
Martha Tembo
Martha Tembo (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1998) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce 'yar ƙasar Zambiya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Zambia. Ta yi takara ga Zambia a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta shekarar 2018, tana wasa a wasanni uku,  da kuma gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2020. An nada Tembo a cikin tawagar Zambia don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na FIFA shekarar 2023.
Rachel Akerman
Rachel Akerman (1522 – 1544) yar Austriya ce – mawaƙin Bayahude.
Dangane da waƙarta mai suna "Geheimniss des Hofes" ("Asirin Kotuna"),ƙaramwanda a cikinta ya bayyana irin makircin 'yan kotu,an kori Rahila da mahaifinta daga Vienna,inda suka zauna.Ta mutu a Iglau, Moravia,tana baƙin ciki.
Manaus
Manaus babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma na jihar Amazonas ta Brazil. Shi ne birni na bakwai mafi girma a Brazil, tare da kiyasin yawan jama'a na 2020 na 2,219,580 da aka rarraba a kan wani yanki mai faɗin kusan 11,401 km2 (4,402 sq mi). Ana zaune a tsakiyar tsakiyar jihar, birni shine tsakiyar yankin Manaus kuma yanki mafi girma a cikin yankin Arewacin Brazil ta hanyar manyan birane. Tana kusa da haɗuwar kogin Negro da Solimões. Yana ɗaya daga cikin biranen da ke cikin gandun daji na Amazon wanda ke da yawan mutane sama da miliyan 1, tare da Belém.
Machan
Machan, na iya koma zuwa:
Judith Soko
Judith Soko (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Zambia wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga YASA Queens da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Zambia. Ta buga wasanni biyu na sada zumunta da Zambia; yayin da ta kasance memba a cikin 'yan wasan da suka fafata a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ta shekarar 2022, ba ta shiga gasar ba. An nada ta a cikin tawagar Zambia don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA shekarar 2023.
Ravy Tsouka
Ravy Tsouka Dozi (an haife shi ranar 23 ga Disamba 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, wanda ke taka leda a Sweden don Helsingborgs IF. An haife shi a Faransa, Tsouka yana wakiltar Jamhuriyar Congo Kongo na kasa tawagar.
Aikin kulob
Ya buga wasansa na farko na Seria C na Maguzawa a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2015 a wasan da suka yi da Ischia.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Ya buga wasansa na farko na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Kongo a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2019 a wasan sada zumunci da Thailand.
Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar al'umma a Amurka wacce ke ƙoƙarin samun 'yanci dai-dai na Baƙin Amurkawa. Ƙungiyar ta shahara saboda amfani da zanga -zangar rashin ƙarfi da rashin biyayya jama'a (cikin lumana ƙi bin dokokin rashin adalci). Masu gwagwarmaya sunyi amfani da dabaru kamar kauracewa, zama, da zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa. Wasu lokuta 'yan sanda ko fararen fata masu wariyar launin fata za su kawo musu hari, amma masu gwagwarmaya ba su yi yaƙi ba.
Koyaya, ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta ƙunshi mutane da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Ba kowa ya yi imani da abubuwa iri ɗaya ba. Misali, kungiyar Baƙin Baki ta yi imanin cewa baƙar fata ya kamata su nemi haƙƙinsu na ɗan ƙasa kuma su tilasta wa shugabannin farar fata su ba su waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.
Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin ɗan Adam kuma an yi ta daga mutane daga kabilu da addinai daban-daban. Shugabannin Harkar da yawancin masu gwagwarmaya sun kasance Ba'amurke Ba'amurke. Koyaya, kuma Kungiyar ta sami tallafin siyasa da na kudi daga kungiyoyin kwadago, kungiyoyin addinai, da wasu ‘yan siyasa farar fata, kamar Lyndon B. Johnson. Masu fafutuka daga kowane jinsi sun zo don haɗuwa da Ba-Amurkan na Amurka a cikin jerin gwano, zama, da zanga-zanga.
Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta sami nasara sosai. Ya taimaka wajen samar da dokokin tarayya biyar da gyare-gyare biyu ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Waɗannan a hukumance sun kiyaye haƙƙin Baƙin Afirka. Hakan kuma ya taimaka sauya halayen fararen fata da yawa game da yadda aka bi da bakar fata da kuma haƙƙin da ya cancanta.
Kafin Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama
Kafin yakin basasan Amurka, akwai kusan bayi bakar fata miliyan hudu a Amurka. Farar fata kawai waɗanda ke da dukiya za su iya yin zaɓe, kuma fararen fata ne kawai za su iya zama 'yan ƙasar Amurka.
Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1964
Shawarar da John F. Kennedy ya gabatar game da dokar kare Haƙƙin jama'a na da goyon baya daga mambobin Majalisar Wakilai na Arewa - na Democrats da na Republican. Koyaya, Sanatocin Kudancin sun hana dokar da aka ba da shawarar wucewa. Su filibustered for 54 days don toshe da doka daga zama doka. A ƙarshe, Shugaba Lyndon B. Johnson ya sami lissafin amincewa.
Tsarin gidaje masu kyau (1966-1968)
Daga shekara 5 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1968, ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a sun mai da hankali sosai kan gidaje masu kyau. Ko da a wajen Kudu, samar da gidaje daidai ya zama matsala. Misali, a cikin shekara ta1963, California ta zartar da Dokar Gidaje Mai Kyawu wanda ya sanya rarrabuwa a cikin gidaje ya zama doka. Fararrun masu jefa kuri'a da masu ba da gudummawar kadarori sun sami dokar ta sauya shekara mai zuwa. Wannan ya taimaka wajen haifar da Tarzomar Watts. (Daga baya, a cikin shekara ta 1966, California ta sake gabatar da Dokar Gidaje Mai Kyau ta zama doka. )
Zenatha Coleman
Zenatha Goeieman Coleman (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba 1993) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Namibiya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin winger a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Turkiyya Fenerbahçe SK kuma ta zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar mata ta Namibia.
Aikin kulob
A cikin watan Oktoba 2022, Coleman ta koma Turkiyya, kuma ta sanya hannu tare da kulob din Fenerbahçe SK na Istanbul don taka leda a Super League na Mata.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Coleman tana cikin tawagar Namibiya a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta shekarar 2014.
Turken tutar Jeddah
Tutar Jeddah itace tuta a dandalin Sarki Abdullah da ke birnin Jeddah na kasar Saudiyya. Tsayin ta ya kai 171 m tsayi, ita ce sandar tuta mafi tsayi a duniya daga 23 ga Satumba 2014 har zuwa 26 Disamba 2021, lokacin da aka kafa Tutar Alkahira a Alkahira, Masar a tsayin 201.952 m.
An kafa turken da ƙarfe tan 500 na ƙarfe a watan Satumbaumba 2014 ta Abdul Latif Jameel Community Initiative da Al-Babtain Power & Telecom. An ɗaga sassan tuta zuwa wurin ta Liebherr LR 1750 crawler crane tare da haɓakar mita 182 na Gulf Haulage da Kamfanin Heavy Lift ke sarrafa.
Kafa tutar ya karya tarihin tsayin da aka yi a baya da Tutar Dushanbe ta yi a Tajikistan, mai tsayin 165 m tsayi. Masu rikodi da suka gabata zuwa tutan Dushanbe sun haɗa da 162 m Tutar ƙasa a Azerbaijan da 160 m Tutar Panmunjeom na Kijŏng-dong a Koriya ta Arewa.
Tutar Saudi Arabiya, 49.5 metres (162 ft) ta 33 metres (108 ft) da nauyin 570 kilograms (1,260 lb), an tashe shi a karon farko a ranar 23 ga Satumba 2014, Ranar Kasa ta Saudi Arabia.
Tutar Jeddah tana tsakiyar dandalin Sarki Abdallah, kewaye da fitilu 13 da ke wakiltar ƙananan hukumomi 13 na Saudiyya. Wurin shakatawa mai girman murabba'in mita 26,000, wanda kuma aka sani da "Mai kula da Dandalin Masallatan Harami Biyu", yana kusa da Jeddah's North Corniche. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku an rufe shi da tsire-tsire, yana wakiltar takuba biyu da bishiyar dabino, alamar Saudi Arabia.
Belém
Belém birni ne na Brazil, babban birni kuma birni mafi girma na jihar Pará a arewacin ƙasar. Ƙofa ce zuwa Kogin Amazon tare da tashar jiragen ruwa, filin jirgin sama, da tashar bas / koci. Belém yana da nisan kusan kilomita 100 daga Tekun Atlantika, akan kogin Pará, wanda wani yanki ne na tsarin kogin Amazon mafi girma, wanda Ilha de Marajó (Tsibirin Marajo) ya raba da babban yankin Amazon delta. Tare da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a 1,499,641 - ko 2,491,052, idan aka yi la'akari da babban birni - birni ne na 11 mafi yawan jama'a a Brazil, haka kuma na 16 ta hanyar tattalin arziki. Ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a yankin Arewa, ta biyu bayan Manaus, a cikin jihar Amazonas.
Babban Phiri
Vast Phiri (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Zambia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Zambia ta mata. Ta fafata a Zambia a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ta shekara ta 2018, inda ta buga wasa daya.
An saka sunan Phiri a cikin tawagar Zambia don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA shekarar 2023.
Esther Siamfuko
Esther Siamfuko (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2004) ' yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Zambiya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a Kwalejin Queens, a kan aro daga Choma Warriors, da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Zambia.
Aikin kulob
Esther Siamfuko ya bugawa Choma Warriors da Queens Academy da ke Zambia.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Siamfuko ta wakilci Zambia a gasar COSAFA ta Mata U17 na shekarar 2020. Ta yi wasa a babban matakin ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2020 a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Chile da ci 1-0.
Esty Amukwaya
Esty Amukwaya (an haife ta a shekara ta 1988) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Namibia ce wadda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga kulob ɗin Unam Bokkies a gasar cin kofin mata ta NFA kuma ta kasance mamba mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mata ta Namibia (The Brave Gladiators).
Esty Amukwaya kuma zata iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya, mai tsaron gida da kuma na tsakiya. Ta sanya lamba 15 don Bokkies da lamba 14 don wasannin kasa.
Esty Amukwaya babbar masoyiyar tsohon dan wasan gaba na Brave Warriors Gerros Witbeen. Ta buga wasanni hudu ga kulob ɗin Brave Gladiators, biyu da Tanzaniya a wasannin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin mata na Afirka ta 2012 da biyu da kungiyar dalibai ta Jamus da ta ziyarta.
Brave Gladiators
A shekara ta 2012, ta fara buga wasanta na farko da kasar Tanzania a gasar share fagen shiga gasar mata ta Afirka.
Thomalina Adams
Thomalina Adams (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli 1993 a Lüderitz, Namibia) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Namibia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin 'yar wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tura Magic.
Aikin kulob
A cikin shekarar 2011 Thomalina da Uerikondjera Kasaona sun koma kulob ɗin Germania Hauenhorst don taka leda a lokacin 2011-12 Verbandsliga Westfalen. Thomalina ta shafe kakar 2012-13 a Namibia ba tare da wasa ba kamar yadda Super League ba ta ci gaba ba har sai a shekarar 2015. A cikin shekarar 2013 Thomalina ta koma Jamus don buga wa kulob ɗin VfL Bochum wasa a cikin shekarar 2013–14 2. Bundesliga.
A cikin shekarar 2016 Thomalina da Zenatha Coleman sun shiga Gintra Universitetas.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Thomalina Adams memba ce ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Namibia. Ta kasance cikin tawagar Namibiya a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Afirka na shekarar 2014.
Enough Project
A Enough Project kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Washington, DC wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 2007. Manufarta ta bayyana shine kawo karshen kisan kare dangi da cin zarafin bil'adama. The Enough Project yana gudanar da bincike a yankuna da dama na rikici a Afirka ciki har da Sudan, Sudan ta Kudu, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, da yankunan da kungiyar Lord Resistance Army (LRA) ke iko da su. The Enough Project yana ƙoƙari ya gina tasirin akan masu aikatawa da sauƙaƙa ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa ta hanyar gudanar da bincike, yin hulɗa tare da gwamnatoci da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kan hanyoyin magance manufofi, da haɓaka kamfen ɗin jama'a. Yaƙin neman zaɓe da shirye-shirye da nufin kawo hankali ga waɗannan rikice-rikicen sun haɗa da The Sentry kuma, a baya, Raise Bege ga Congo da Tauraron Dan Adam Sentinel.
A Enough Project ya karu daga bincike da dabarun neman shawara na Cibiyar Ci Gaban Amurka da Kungiyar Rikicin Ƙasa ta Duniya a shekara ta 2007. Abokan haɗin gwiwar sune John Prendergast da Gayle Smith. A cikin shekaru da yawa na farko, isasshen aikin ya mai da hankali kan tallafi don inganta hanyoyin wanzar da zaman lafiya, dabarun kare fararen hula, da kuma kokarin ba da lissafi game da rikice-rikice masu saurin kisa da munanan ayyuka a Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka. Kuma a cikin shekarar 2016, isasshen aikin ya karkatar da hankalinsu ga tattalin arziƙin siyasa na rikice-rikice da yaƙi da gwamnatocin kleptocratic. A cikin wannan shekarar, isasshen aikin ya ƙaddamar da The Sentry, wani yunƙuri wanda aka tsara don tattara shaidu da kuma nazarin yadda ake kashe kuɗi da aiwatar da rikice-rikicen Afirka.
Kizomba
Kizomba nau'in rawa ne kuma nau'in kiɗan da ya samo asali a Angola a cikin 1984.
Kizomba na nufin "jam'iyya" a cikin Kimbundu, yaren Bantu da Ambundu ke magana a Angola.
Salon kiɗa
Ana iya gano asalin kizomba zuwa ƙarshen 1970s Afirka, tare da tasirin tasirin da aka danganta ga Angola. Kizomba yana da sannu a hankali, soyayya, ƙarin kaɗa mai daɗi fiye da kiɗan semba na Angolan gargajiya. Kizomba kida ya fito a matsayin hadewar Semba, Angolan Merengue, Kilapanga, da kuma kara tasirin kidan Angola: Ya rage yawan yawan waƙoƙin kuma ya ƙara layin bass mai ƙarfi ga tsarin kayan kida. An san Eduardo Paim a duk duniya a matsayin "mahaifin / mahaliccin Kizomba", saboda shi da ƙungiyarsa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka salon kiɗan. Yawancin waƙoƙin kizomba ana rera su cikin Portuguese ko yare daga harsunan Fotigal daban-daban, al'adun Afirka.
Salon rawa
An yi rawan Semba a cikin 1950s a Angola. A cikin 1990s, lokacin da ainihin kiɗan kizomba ke ƙara samun karbuwa, ƴan wasan semba na Angola sun fara daidaita matakan semba ɗin su gwargwadon ɗanɗano da ɗanɗanon bugun Kizomba. Rawar Kizomba raye-raye ne na ma'aurata, wanda ƙwanƙwasa da hannun dama na jagora za su jagoranci mabiyi zuwa filin rawa. Manufar yin aiki tare daidai a matsayin ma'aurata tare da kiɗa da bayyana ta ta hanyar kyawawan ƙafafu, motsin jiki, da hali, wanda ake kira Ginga (ga mata) da Banga (na maza). A duk faɗin duniya, raye-rayen Kizomba sun haɗu da sauran salon raye-raye irin su Tango, HipHop, raye-rayen Latin, Lambazouk, Acrobatics da ƙari kuma sun ƙirƙiri manyan rukunoni da yawa kamar Kizomba Fusion, Urban Kiz, Urban Kiz Tango da Urban Kiz Sensual.
Rudani tare da cola-zouk
Baƙi na Cape Verde da suka ƙaura zuwa Faransa a cikin 1980s an fallasa su da kiɗan Zouk. Sun haɗa shi da salon Cape Verde na gargajiya da ake kira coladeira, don haka ƙirƙirar cola-zouk, kama da kizomba kuma yawanci ana rera shi a Cape Verdean Creole. Wannan waƙar ce ta ruɗe da kizomba kuma an ji shi a ƙasar Portugal lokacin da Eduardo Paim ya isa can ya fitar da rikodinsa na farko da kiɗan kizomba.
Tasirin al'adu
Ana jin tasirin kizomba a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka masu magana da Fotigal, amma kuma a Portugal (musamman a Lisbon da kewaye irin su Amadora ko Almada), inda al'ummomin baƙi suka kafa kulake da suka shafi nau'ikan a cikin sabon salon kizomba. Waƙar kizomba ta São Tomean tana kama da na Angolan, Juka ita ce ta fi fice a cikin Saotomeans, kuma ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin nau'in.
Evarine Katongo
Evarine Suzeni Katongo (an Haife ta a ranar 29 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 2002) ' yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Zambiya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ZISD Queens da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Zambia. Ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Zambia a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020.
An nada Katongo a cikin tawagar Zambia don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekara ta 2023.
Kizomba
Tasirin al'adu
A Angola, yawancin kulake na Luanda ne. Shahararrun mawakan kizomba na Angola sun hada da Neide Van-Dúnem, Don Kikas, C4 Pedro, Calo Pascoal, Irmãos Verdades, Anselmo Ralph, da sauransu da yawa, amma Bonga tabbas shine fitaccen mai fasahar Angolan, wanda ya taimaka wajen haɓaka salon duka a Angola da Portugal a lokacin. shekarun 1970 da 1980.
Shahararren
Kizomba an san shi da samun jinkirin, dagewa, da ɗan daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗawa sakamakon bugun bugun lantarki. Ana rawa tare da abokin tarayya, sosai a hankali, a hankali da jin daɗi, kuma ba tare da takura ko tsauri ba. Ana samun jujjuyawar ƙwanƙwasa akai-akai a tsakanin abokan raye-raye, musamman a cikin ɓacin rai na kiɗan. Mutane da yawa masu son al'adun Kizomba suna tallata shi a wasu ƙasashe.
Shahararrun malaman Angola irin su kota José N'dongala (wanda ya kafa Kwalejin Kizombalove) da Mestre Petchu (wanda ya kafa kungiyar gargajiya ta Kilandukilu Ballet) suna ba da kwasa-kwasan malaman Kizomba da Semba na tsawon shekaru don kara daukaka darajar al'adun Angolan a Afirka, Turai da kuma a Amurka.
Cape Verde
Mawakan Cape Verde da furodusoshi tare da kizomba sun haɗa da Suzanna Lubrano, Atim, Nilton Ramalho, Johnny Ramos, Nelson Freitas, Mika Mendes, Manu Lima, Cedric Cavaco, Elji Beatzkilla, Loony Johnson, Klazzik, Mark G, Zuwa Semedo, Beto Dias, Heavy H, Marcia, Gilyto, Kido Semedo, Ricky Boy, Klaudio Ramos, M&N Pro, Gilson, Gil, G-Amado, Philip Monteiro, Gama, Juceila Cardoso da Denis Graça, Z-BeatZ Pro AudioHustlin'. Salon kiɗa na asali masu tasiri daga Cape Verde sune funana, morna, coladeira da batuque. Godiya ga kiɗan zouk na Antilles na Faransa da kuma tasirin semba (daga Angola), mawaƙan Cape Verdean sun haɓaka kizomba da zouk (haɗe shi da coladeira) wanda aka sani da Cabo love ko cola-dance. Haka kuma, kowace ƙasa ta lusophone ta haɓaka daɗin kiɗan Kizomba nata.
Brazil
A Brazil, kizomba ya shahara lokacin da mawakiyar pop Kelly Key ta fitar da kundin No Controle, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2015. Maɓalli ya bar waƙoƙin rawa-pop/R&B don gabatar da kizomba a Brazil. A cikin wata hira da Key ta ce ta nemi asali da sababbin salo: "Ina gudanar da wannan nauyin da ake iya faɗi. Ina so in yi rikodin Kizomba na tsawon shekaru 13! Yanzu na ji balagagge kuma ina da ilimin motsi ".
China
Kizomba na samun karbuwa a wasu manyan biranen kasar Sin kamar su Beijing da Shanghai da Shenzhen. Wasu malaman kizomba 'yan kasar Sin ne yayin da wasu kuma 'yan kasashen waje ne. A kowace shekara, ana shirya da gabatar da bukukuwan raye-raye na Latin daban-daban kamar bikin Bachata/Kizomba na Shanghai.
Lafiyar muhalli
Ma'anar WHO
An bayyana lafiyar muhalli a cikin takardar, A shekara ta 1989 ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a matsayin: Waɗancan abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar ɗan adam da cututtuka waɗanda abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli suka ƙaddara. Hakanan ana kiransa ka'idar da aiki na samun dama da sarrafa abubuwan da ke cikin yanayin da zai iya shafar lafiya.
Takardar WHO ta 1990 ta bayyana cewa lafiyar muhalli, kamar yadda Ofishin Yanki na WHO na Turai ya yi amfani da shi, "ya haɗa da duka tasirin cutar kai tsaye na sinadarai, radiation da wasu kwayoyin halitta, da kuma tasirin (sau da yawa kaikaice) kan lafiya da walwala na fa'ida. yanayin jiki, tunani, zamantakewa da al'adu, wanda ya hada da gidaje, ci gaban birane, amfani da filaye da sufuri."