Joseph_Stalin
1878–1899: Childhood to young adulthood
Besarion ma’aikacin sana’a ne wanda aka yi masa aiki a wani taron bita mallakar wani mutum; Da farko nasara ce ta kuɗi amma daga baya ta faɗi cikin raguwa, kuma dangi sun sami kansu suna rayuwa cikin talauci. Besarion ya zama mashayi ya bugu da matarsa da dansa. Ekaterine da Stalin sun bar gida a shekara ta 1883 kuma suka fara rayuwa mai yawo, suna tafiya cikin dakuna daban-daban guda tara a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. A cikin shekarar 1886, sun ƙaura zuwa gidan wani abokin dangi, Uba Christopher Charkviani. Ekaterine ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsabtace gida da wanki kuma ta kuduri aniyar tura danta makaranta. A cikin watan Satumba 1888, Stalin ya yi rajista a Makarantar Cocin Orthodox Gori, wurin da Charkviani ya tsare. Ko da yake ya shiga fadace-fadace da yawa, Stalin ya yi fice a fannin ilimi,  ya nuna hazaka a fannin zane-zane da azuzuwan wasan kwaikwayo,  ya rubuta wakarsa,  da rera waka a matsayin mawaka. Stalin ya fuskanci matsalolin lafiya da yawa: Cutar sankarau ta 1884 ta bar shi da tabo a fuska; kuma yana da shekaru 12 ya ji rauni mai tsanani lokacin da wani phaeton ya buge shi, mai yiwuwa dalilin rashin lafiyar rayuwa a hannun hagunsa. A cikin watan Agusta 1894, Stalin ya shiga cikin Makarantar Ruhaniya ta Orthodox a Tiflis, wanda ya ba shi damar yin karatu a cikin ragi. Ya shiga cikin limamai masu horarwa 600 waɗanda suka hau can, kuma ya sami manyan maki. Ya ci gaba da rubuta wakoki; biyar daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, a kan jigogi kamar yanayi, ƙasa da kishin ƙasa, an buga su a ƙarƙashin sunan "Soselo" a cikin jaridar Ilia Chavchavadze ta Iveria (Jojiya). A cewar masanin tarihin Stalin Simon Sebag Montefiore, sun zama "ƙananan ƙwararrun Georgian" kuma an haɗa su a cikin tarihin waƙoƙin Jojiyanci a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Yayin da yake girma, Stalin ya rasa sha'awar karatun firist, makinsa ya ragu, kuma an tsare shi akai-akai a cikin cell saboda halinsa na tawaye. Mujallar makarantar hauza ta lura cewa ya ayyana kansa a matsayin wanda bai yarda da Allah ba, ya zage damtse daga addu’a kuma ya ki yafa hularsa ga sufaye. Stalin ya shiga ƙungiyar littattafai da aka haramta a makarantar; Musamman ma littafin Nikolay Chernyshevsky na 1863 mai fafutukar neman sauyi ya rinjaye shi Me Za a Yi?  Wani rubutu mai tasiri shine Alexander Kazbegi 's The Patricide, tare da Stalin yana karɓar laƙabi "Koba" daga na jarumin ɗan fashin littafin. Sunan na iya zama abin girmamawa ga hamshakin attajirinsa, Yakobi "Koba" Egnatashvili, wanda ya biya kuɗin karatunsa a makarantar hauza ta Tiflis. ("Koba" shine ɗan ƙaramin Georgian na Yakobi, ko Yakubu, kuma Stalin daga baya ya sanya wa ɗansa na fari a cikin girmamawar Egnatashvili.) Ya kuma karanta Das Kapital, littafin 1867 na masanin ilimin zamantakewa na Jamus Karl Marx. Stalin ya sadaukar da kansa ga ka'idar zamantakewa da siyasa ta Marx, Marxism, wanda a lokacin yana karuwa a Jojiya, daya daga cikin nau'o'in gurguzu iri-iri masu adawa da hukumomin tsarin mulkin daular. Da dare, ya halarci taron sirri na ma'aikata kuma an gabatar da shi ga Silibistro "Silva" Jibladze, wanda ya kafa Marxist Mesame Dasi ("Rukuni na uku"), ƙungiyar gurguzu ta Georgian. Stalin ya bar makarantar hauza a Afrilu 1899 kuma bai dawo ba.