cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Usheoritse Itsekiri
Itsekiri ya sami gogewarsa ta farko a gasar ƙasa da ƙasa a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Wasannin Matasa na Afirka na 2015 a Reduit, inda ya gama na huɗu sama da mita 200. Daga baya ya halarci wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth na 2015 da aka gudanar a Apia kuma ya kai matakin wasan kusa da na karshe na mita 100 da 200.
Taken Sarakuna
Gasar Cin Kofin Najeriya
Gasar Matasan Najeriya
Mafi kyawun mutum
Mita 100: 10.02 s ( Rabat 2019)
Mita 200: 20.53 s ( Kortrijk 2019)
Gudun mita 4 x 100: 37.52 s ( Gold Coast 2018)
Gamo Zone
Shiyyar Gaamo shiyya ce a shiyyar kudu, al'ummai, da al'ummar kasar Habasha. Gaimo tana iyaka da kudu da karamar hukumar Dirashe, daga kudu maso yamma da Debub (Kudu) Omo da karamar hukumar Basketo, a arewa maso yamma da karamar hukumar Konta, a arewa kuma tana iyaka da Dawro da Wolayita, a arewa maso gabas da tafkin Abaya. wanda ya raba shi da yankin Oromia, sannan kuma a kudu maso gabas da yankin Amaro na musamman. Cibiyar gudanarwa ta Gaamo ita ce Arba Minch.
Gaamo yana da nisan kilomita 431 na dukkan hanyoyin da ba za a iya amfani da su ba da kuma kilomita 122 na titunan bushewar yanayi, don matsakaicin yawan titin kilomita 45 a cikin murabba'in kilomita 1000. Mafi tsayi a wannan Shiyya shine Dutsen Gughe (mita 4,207 sama da matakin teku). Tafkin Chamo yana kudu maso gabashin Gamo a kudu da tafkin Abaya. Gidan shakatawa na Nechisar yana tsakanin waɗannan tafkuna biyu.
Asalin Gaamo wani yanki ne na yankin Semien (Arewa) Omo, kuma ƙidayar jama'a ta 1994 ta ƙidaya mazaunanta a matsayin wani yanki na yankin. Sai dai tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin kabilu daban-daban na Semien Omo, wanda sau da yawa ake zargin Welayta da "kishin kabilanci" kuma duk da kokarin da jam'iyya mai mulki ke yi na jaddada bukatar hada kai, hadewa, da hada kan kananan kabilu domin cimma nasara. “Yin amfani da karancin albarkatun gwamnati yadda ya kamata”, daga karshe ya kai ga rarraba shiyya a shekara ta 2000, wanda ya haifar da ba Gamo Gofa kadai ba, har da shiyyoyin Dawro da Wolayita da kuma gundumomi na musamman guda biyu.
Waƙar Gaamo tana taka rawa sosai a cikin nishaɗin ƙasa a Habasha. Waƙoƙin Gaamo na musamman da sauri sun yi tasiri ga salo da ƙaya da yawa yayin da yake ci gaba da tsara ainihin bambance-bambancen kiɗan Habasha. Shahararrun mawakan Habasha daban-daban daga wasu kabilun kasar sun sanya salon kidan Gaamo cikin wakokinsu, ciki har da mawakan Tibebu Workeye, Teddy afro da Tsehaye Yohannes. Kamar dai yadda raye-rayen gargajiya na Gaamo ke da tasiri waɗanda mawaƙa ke ɗauka da yawa kuma ana iya ganinsu a cikin faya-fayen kiɗan Habasha.
Kabilar Gaamo ƙabila ce ta Habasha da ke cikin tsaunukan Gamo da ke Kudancin Habasha. Ana samun su a cikin fiye da 40 al'ummomi, ciki har da Chencha, Bonke, Kucha, Garbansa, Zargula, Kamba, Dorze, Birbir, Ochello, Boroda, Ganta, Gacho Baba, Eligo, Shella, Kolle, Dita, Kogota da Daramalo.
Gundumomi
Gundumomi na yanzu sune:
Ibife Alufohai
Ibife Eugene Alufohai (an haife ta ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1986) 'yar Nijeriya ce, 'yar kwalliya, mai aikin bada agaji, mai kuma riƙe da kambun sarauniyar kyau ta Miss Valentine International 2010. Ita ce ta kirkiro Miss Polo International.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Alufohai ta fito ne daga garin Abonnema na, jihar Ribas. Sai dai an haife ta ne a Calabar, Jihar Kuros Riba kuma ita ce ta ƙarshe cikin yara bakwai na iyayenta. Iyalinta sun yi kaurace-kaurace sosai saboda yanayin aikin mahaifinta a matsayin jami'in soja, wanda aka yi ta yiwa sauyin wajen aikin daga jihar Kaduna suka koma Fatakwal, zuwa Jihar Ribas.
Karatu
Daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 1997 ta yi karatunta na firamare, ta kuma fara na sakandare duk a makarantar Tantua International Group of Schools inda ta kammala a shekarar 2003. A kuma shekarar 2003 din ta tafi Jami'ar Madonna, Okija don karatun jami'a sannan ta wuce Jami'ar Fatakwal, Jihar Ribas a shekarar 2008, inda ta kammala a shekarar 2012 tare da digiri a fannin Clinical psychology. Bayan karatun ta na jami'a, ta yi bautar kasa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya da ke Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin masaniyar halayyar dan Adam da kuma aiki a ECG daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2014.
Reuven Oved
Reuven Oved ( ראובן עובד  ; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1983) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Isra'ila wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya.
Ya fara aikinsa a Maccabi Tel Aviv amma bayan wasu 'yan matsaloli da kulob din ya koma Hapoel Haifa kuma bayan kakar wasa daya da Haifa bai yi nasara ba ya koma Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv a can ya yi kakar wasanni biyu mafi nasara a duk rayuwarsa. A lokacin rani na 2007 ya koma Hapoel Tel Aviv. A karshen shekarar 2011 ya koma Grazer AK, amma bayan kakar wasa daya da aka saki daga kulob din a watan Satumba shekarar 2012.
Manazarta
<references group="" responsive="1">
Romainiya
Romainiya ko Romeniya ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Hungariya Bukarest ne. Romainiya tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i 238,397. Romainiya tana da yawan jama'a 19,401,658, bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2019. Romainiya tana da iyaka da ƙasashen biyar: Bulgeriya a Kudu, Ukraniya a Arewa, Hungariya a Yamma, Serbiya a Kudu maso Yamma, da Moldufiniya a Gabas. Romainiya ya samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1859.
Daga shekara ta 2014, shugaban ƙasar Romainiya shine Klaus Iohannis. Firaministan ƙasar Romainiya Ludovic Orban ne daga shekara ta 2019.
Jerin Finafinan Misra na 1935
Jerin fina-finan da aka yi a Masar a 1935. Don jerin fina-finai na AZ a halin yanzu akan Wikipedia, duba Rukunin Finafinan Misra a ƙasan wannan maƙalar.
Mošovce
Mošovce (harshen Hungariya Mosóc) ta kasance daya daga cikin Ƙauyuka mafi girma a yanki mai ɗumbin tarihi na Turiec, gundumar Turčianske Teplice District ta yau, a yankin Žilina Region na arewacin Slofakiya.
Wurin Tarihi
Commons:Mošovce
Ayo Omidiran
Siyasa
Ta tsaya takarar majalisar wakilai ta tarayya mai wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Ayedaade / Irewole / Isokan a shekarar 2011 kuma tayi nasarar lashe zaben. Ta sake tsayawa takara a shekara ta 2015 kuma an sake zaben ta a karkashin inuwar jam’iyyar APC. Ta rike mukamai da dama a majalisa ciki har da Mataimakiyar Shugaban, Kwamitin Majalisar kan Wasanni; memba na Kwamitin Majalisar kan Shari'a, Sadarwa, Cikin Gida, Abubuwan Ma'adanai Masu Kauri, Harkokin Mata da Mata a Majalisar.
Gudanar da Wasanni
A shekarar 2002, ta zama memba a Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya kuma ta ci gaba da zama a can har zuwa 2005. Tun daga 2006, ta kasance mamba a kwamitin mata na FIFA. Ta zama mai mallakar Omidiran Babe, wata kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Osogbo, jihar Osun a shekarar 1997. A 2017, an nada ta shugabar Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta NFF (NFF).
Rayuwa
Ta kasance mai sha'awar kwallon kafa. Ta dauki nauyin gasar Kwallan Kafa ta Mazabar Tarayya ta Ayedaade-Irewole-Isokan a farkon shekarar 2018 wacce ta kammala da wasan karshe a Ayedaade High School, Ikire, Jihar Osun.
Kudirat Abiola
Alhaja Kudirat Abiola ana mata inkiya da (née Adeyemi) amma tafi shahara da Kudirat Abiola (1951 – 4 Yuni 1996) An kasheta ne bayan kama mijinta mai suna Moshood Abiola wanda gwamnatin soja suka kama shi bayan yaci zaben shugabancin kasa.
Aikin Hajji
Aikin Hajji, Daya ne daga cikin rukunai guda biyar da aka gina addinin Musulunci a kai. Aiki ne a cikin addinin musulunci wanda Musulmi suke zuwa ƙasar Makkah, Saudi Arebiya domin aiwatar da waɗansu ibadoji. cikin ibadojin akwai Arfa, Safa da Marwa, Dawafi (zagayen Ka'abah ) Ziyarar Ma'aiki, Jifan Shaidan da dai sauran ibadu. Allah ya wajabta aikin hajji ga dukkan musulmin da Allah ya hore masa lafiya ta jiki da kuma amintacciyar hanya da kuma wadataccen guzuri, tare da samun muharrami ga wadda take mace ce ita.
Rabe-raben Aikin Hajji
Hakika Aikin Hajji ya kasu zuwa kashi daban-daban har zuwa kashi uku, ga su kamar haka:
1 Hajj Tamattu'i Shi ne mutum ya yi niyyar umara a cikin watannin aikin hajji, ya gama umarar, ya fita daga cikin ihraminsa, sannan sai ya yi niyyar aikin hajji a wannan shekarar da ya yi umarar.
2 Hajj Qirani shi ne mutum ya yi niyyar hajji da umara a tare gaba ɗaya.
3 Hajj Al-ifrad Shi ne ya yi niyyar aikin hajji kawai.
Cédric Moubamba
Carlos Cedric Moubamba Saib (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba 1979) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Gabon wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya.
Aikin kulob
Moubamba ya taba buga wasa a kungiyoyin AC Bongoville, US Bitam, Sogéa FC, USM Libreville da AS Mangasport. Ya kuma taka leda a kulob din Dhofar SCSC na Omani tare da 'yan tawagar kasar Etienne Bito'o da 'yan kasar Congo Sita Milandou da kuma Champion TP Mazembe na DR Congo.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Moubamba dai ya kasance dan wasan kasar Gabon na dindindin kuma ya buga wasanni 76 inda ya zura kwallaye uku.
Jerin Kamfanonin Ƙasar Zimbabwe
Kasar Zimbabwe kasa ce mai cin gashin kanta wacce take a kudancin Afirka. Fitar da ma'adinai, zinari, noma, da yawon buɗe ido sune manyan masu samun kuɗin waje na Zimbabwe.
Wurare Mafiya Tsarki a Musulunci
Wurare Mafiya Tsarki a Musulunci sune waɗanda aka ambata ko akayi maganar su a cikin Alqur'ani, cewa suna ɗauke da alfarma mai muhimmanci a Musulunci. Makka da Madina  a Ƙasar Saudi Arabiya su ne birane biyu mafiya tsada a cikin Islama, an yi tarayya a tsakanin dukkan mazhabobi. A cikin hadishin Islama, da Kaaba a cikin Makka ke zama waje mafi tsarki sai mai biye mata shine Masallacin Annabi a Madina, da kuma Al-Aqsa a Urushalima. Akwai wurare masu tsarki waɗanda suke a cikin Makka ; Mina, Arafat, da Muzdalifah.
Jerin Kamfanonin Ƙasar Zimbabwe
Fitattun kamfanoni
Wannan jeri ya haɗa da fitattun kamfanoni masu babban hedikwata dake cikin ƙasar. Masana'antu da sashin suna bin tsarin Taxonomy na Rarraba Masana'antu. Ƙungiyoyin da suka daina aiki an haɗa su kuma ana lura da su a matsayin sun lalace.
Wurare Mafiya Tsarki a Musulunci
Anfi ittifaƙi akan cewa wuraren ibada mafiya tsarki a Musulunci guda huɗu ne ciki harda masallacin Umayyah dake a Damascus, sannan da babban masallacin Kairouan a Kairouan,   da Sanctuary Ibrahim a Hebron,  Bukhara,  Eyüp a Kasar Istanbul,  da Harar.
Hejaz
Hejaz wani yanki ne a yankin Larabawa inda Makka da Madina suke. A nan ne aka haifi Muhammadu kuma ya girma.
Makka
Makka birni ne mafi tsada a cikin Islama, kasancewar gida ne na Kaaba ('Cube') da Masjid Al-Ḥarām (Masallacin Harami ). Musulmai ne kawai aka yarda su shiga wannan wurin.
Yankin Makka, wanda ya hada da Dutsen Arafah, Mina da Muzdalifah, yana da muhimmanci ga Ḥajj (' Hajji '). A matsayinsa na daya daga cikin Rukunnan Musulunci guda biyar, kowane baligi Musulmi wanda yake da iko dole ne yayi aikin Hajji a kalla sau daya a rayuwarsa. hajji na daga cikin manya-manyan tarukan musulmai a duk duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa aikin hajji a masallatan Husayn bn Ali da dan uwansa Abbas a Karbala, Iraki, tare da halartar mutane miliyan 3 a shekara ta 2012.
Madina
Masallacin Annabi yana cikin Madina, yana mai da garin ya zama wuri mafi tsada na biyu a Musulunci, bayan Makka. Madina ita ce mazaunin Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) na ƙarshe, kuma inda kabarinsa yake ( kabarinsa ). Baya ga Masallacin Annabi, garin yana da masallatan Qubā ' da al-Qiblatayn (" Qiblah Biyun ").
Levant ( Ash-Shaam )
Babban Siriya ( Ash-Shām ) yanki ne da ya faro daga Kasar Siriya a arewa zuwa kasar Isra'ila a kudu. Ya hada da garuruwan Urushalima da Hebron.
Urushalima
Dangane da hadisai na sunni da na Shi'a, Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā ("Wurin da ya yana cikin Urushalima. Masallacin yana da kima da daukacin al’ummar musulmai, saboda tarihinsa a matsayin wurin bautar wanda yake hade da rayuwar annabawa masu yawa na Baibul, irin su Ibrahim (wanda kuma yake da alaka da haramin Makka), Dawud ( David ), Sulaimon ( Solomon ), Ilyas ( Iliya ) da ibnsā ibn Maryam ( Jesus, dan Maryama ), da kuma matsayinsu na musamman. Masallacin ya kunshi 4600 m2   a girma, tare da damar saukarwa a yankin masu ibada 5,000.  Masallacin shi ne shugabanci na farko na addu’a a rayuwar Muhammadu, gabanin Ka’aba a Makka, kuma an yi imanin cewa an dauki Muhammad din ne ta hanyar banmamaki, wannan shi ne Buraq, don ziyartar Masallacin Al-Aqsa, inda ya yi addu’a, sannan kuma a lokacin ɗauka zuwa sama, a cikin dare ɗaya a shekara ta 620 CE wanda aka fi sani da Al-Isrāʾ wal-Miʿrāj ("The Night-Journey and the Hawan Yesu zuwa sama"). Bayani a kansa ya kasance a cikin surat Al-Ma'idah (5), Al-Isra '(17), Al-Anbiya da Saba' (34): a cikin Kur'ani.
Ga marubutan Islama waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ilimin adabi na Fada'il, suna yabon kyawawan wurare masu tsarki (a wannan yanayin: na Kudus), duba al-Wasiti.
Dimashƙu
Wasu Musulmai suna ganin Dimashƙ, musamman Masallacin Umayyad a cikin Old City, a matsayin wuri mafi tsarki na huɗu a cikin Islama. Wasaya daga cikin kwafin Alƙur'ani huɗu da aka ba izini an ajiye su a nan, kuma an yi imanin cewa kan Yahya bn Zakariyya (Yahaya Maibaftisma, ɗan Zakariya ) yana cikin wurin bautar. Ofaya daga cikin minarets ɗin an sadaukar da shi ga Yesu, kuma an yi imanin zai dawo wurinta don yin hukunci a duniya, kuma ya taimaka wa wani mutum da ake kira Al- Mahdi. An yi amannar cewa bayan an gama duniya za a ci gaba da addu’o’i tsawon shekaru arba’in a cikin masallacin, kuma ana ganin cewa addu’o’in a masallacin daidai yake da wanda ake yi a Kudus.
Hebron
Hebron birni ne na Falasɗinu a kudu maso Yammacin Gabar, 30 km kudu da Kudus, wanda Musulmai da yawa suka ɗauka a matsayin birni na biyar mafi tsarki a cikin Islama. Sunayen larabci , Khalil Ar-Rahman ("Abokin Mai Rahama") da Al-Khalil ("Abokin (Allah)"), sun samo asali ne daga gaskatawa cewa ita ce garin da Ibrahim ya zauna. A cikin garin akwai hurumin Ibrahim, wurin binnewa na gargajiya na Manyan Iyaye da Litattafai, da Masallacin Ibrahimi da aka gina a saman kabarin don girmama annabin.
Lithuania
Hotuna
Turai.
Albaniya
Albaniya (ko Albania) ko Jamhuriyar Albaniya ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Albania shi ne Tirana.
Slofakiya
Slofakiya ko Jamhuriyar Slofakiya, ƙasa ce dake a nahiyar Turai. Slofakiya tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i 49 035. Slofakiya tana da yawan jama'a 5,410,836, bisa ga ƙidayar yawan jama'a na shekarar 2013. Slofakiya tana da iyaka da Kazech, da Poland, da Hungariya, da Austriya kuma da Ukraniya. Babban birnin Slofakiya, Bratislava ne.
Wurare Mafiya Tsarki a Musulunci
Hebron
Musulmai sun yi imani cewa Muhammad ya ziyarci Hebron a tafiyarsa ta dare daga Makka zuwa Urushalima don tsayawa kusa da kabarin don girmama shi. A cikin masallacin a cikin karamin gurbi akwai sawun hagu, wanda aka yi imanin daga Muhammad ne.
Tsibirin Sina'i
Kungiyar Sinai tana da alaƙa da Haruna da Musa, waɗanda suma ana ɗaukarsu Annabawa. Musamman, nassoshi da yawa game da Dutsen Sinai sun wanzu a cikin Alqurani,  inda ake kiranta īr Sīnāʾ, īr Sīnīn, da a -Ṭūr  da al-Jabal duka ma'anar "Dutsen"). Amma ga Wād Ṭuwā ( Kwarin Tuwa), ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin muƙaddas  ( mai alfarma ),   kuma wani sashi ana kiransa Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah ("The Wuri Mai Albarka ").
Turai
A Eyüp gundumar a Turkish birnin Istanbul an dauke ta huɗu holiest site da wasu kafofin. Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (Eyüp Ensari), aboki kuma mai ɗauke da matsayin Muhammad, an ce za a binne shi a Masallacin Sultan na Eyüp. Muminai Ottoman sun dauki wannan shafin a matsayin na uku mafi tsarki a duniya, bayan Makka da Madina. Sultan / Khalifofin Daular Usmaniyya sun amince da taken su a wani biki a masallacin Ey ,p, saboda wannan wurin ya fi kowane wuri a cikin babban birni tsarki, kasancewar kabarin sahabban annabi ya samar da "kyauta ta alheri" daga mafi kusa da Muhammadu. Eyüp, wanda ya mutu a harin da bai yi nasara ba a kan Constantinople, ya ba da tunatarwa cewa Ottomans sun yi nasara inda sojojin Islama na farko, ƙarƙashin sahabin annabi, ya gaza.
Harar
A cewar UNESCO, ana kallon Harar a gabashin Habasha 'birni mai tsarki na hudu na Islama' tare da masallatai guda 82, uku daga cikinsu sun fara ne daga karni na 10 da kuma wuraren bautar gumaka guda 102.
Babban masallaci a Kairouan ( Tunisia ) shine Babban Masallacin Sidi-Uqba (Uqba ibn Nafi '). An ce mahajjata bakwai a wannan masallacin ana ɗaukarsu dai-dai da aikin hajji ɗaya a Makka. Bayan kafuwarta, Kairouan ya zama cibiyar koyon addinin Musulunci da Alkur'ani a Arewacin Afirka. Wata kasida daga Farfesa Kwesi Prah bayyana yadda a zamanin da, aka ɗauki Kairouan birni na huɗu mafi tsada a cikin Islama bayan Makka, Madina da Kudus. A yau, da yawa suna ɗaukar garin a matsayin na huɗu mafi tsarki a addinin Islama.
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Kudus a cikin Alkur'ani
Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam
Hakƙoƙin ɗan'adam, kyawawan ɗabi'u ne ko hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa na yau da kullum wandaƴan'adam na wasu kafaffun dabi'un ƴan'adam, sannan kuma akan basu kariya ako da yaushe amatsayin hakƙoƙin doka dana ɗabi'a a karkashin dokan kasa da na duniya. Ana daukansu a matsayin hakkokin da ba'a iya tauye su, tsararrun haƙƙoƙi "wanda kowanne mutum ke da hakki akansu badan komai ba sai don ya kasance shi mutum ne ɗan'adam" kuma "kowanne mutum yana da hakki akansu", ba tare da duba ga shekarun sa ba, ƙasar sa ta asali, wurin zama, harshe, addini, ƙabila, ko kuma kowane irin babbanci ba. Ana iya wanzar da su a ko ina a kuma ko da yaushe a zaman hakki na duniya baki daya, kuma sune rashin nuna bambanci akan cewa dukkannin mutane ɗaya suke. Ana ɗaukar su a matsayin tausayin juna da kuma dokoki na shari'a da sanya wajabci akan kowane mutum da ya daraja wadannan hakƙoƙi na sauran mutane, kuma amince gabaki daya akan ba za'a kore wadannan hakkoki ba face idan akwai wasu dalilai na tsari.
Koyarwar hakkin dan-'adam yayi fice a tsakanin Kungiyoyin shari'a na kasa da kasa. Matakai da Jihohi da kuma Kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba (NGOs) ne suka kafa tushen dokokin al'umma a duk fadin duniya. Ra'ayoyin hakkin dan-adam sun ayyana cewa "idan kungiyoyin al'umma zasu zauna su tattauna akan matakan zaman lafiya ga al'ummomin duniya, to wannan za'a iya cewa ya zamo harshen kyawawan dabi'u na gama gari, wadannan su ne hakkokin dan-adam". Mayan hujjojin kare hakkin dan-adam sun sabawa koyarwa da dama na addinai, kuma suna jayayya akan abubuwan da dokokin suka kunsa, tsarinta da kuma sharuddanta har zuwa yau. Anyi jayayya sosai akan asalin ma'anar kalmar hakƙi, kuma ya zamo darasi na jayayya wanda baya karewa, a yayinda anyi amanna akan cewa hakkokin dan-adam sun kunshi hakkoki da dama, kamar yancin shari'a na adalci, kare dan adam daga zama bawa, da kuma yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, da kuma haƙƙin samun ingantaccen Ilimi, akwai sabani akan wanne daga cikin wadannan hakkoki zai zamo daga cikin jigon hakkokin dan-adam; wasu manazarta sun ayyana cewa ya kamata akalla hakkin dan-adam ya zamo karamin doka don hana mummunan cin zarafi, a yayinda wasu kuma suke gani cewa shine kololuwar sharadi. Har ila yau, anyi jayayya cewa hakkin dan-adam doka ne daga Ubangiji; duk da cewa anyi suka ga wannan ra'ayi sosai.
Muhimman ra'ayoyin da suka janyo wannan kamfe na hakkin dan-adam sun samo asali ne daga sakamakon barnar da akayi a yaƙin duniya na biyu, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a Holocaust. Wanda suka janyo zartar da hakkokin dan-adam a duk fadin duniya, a Paris, wanda Majalisar Dokoki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (United Nations General Assembly) ta gabatar a shekarar 1948. Mutanen da, basu da irin wadannan dokoki na kare hakkin dan-adam na zamani. Asalin jigon hakkin dan-adam ya samo asali ne daga haƙƙoƙin asali wanda suke daga cikin Dokokin asali na tsakiyar zamani wanda sukayi fice a lokacin Ilimi na Turai tare da masana falsafa irinsu John Locke, Francis Hutcheson da kuma Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui da kuma tattaunawa a wajen taron na Juyin juya halin Amurka da kuma Juyin juya halin Faransa. Daga wannan ne, hakkokin dan-adam na yau suka samo asali har zuwa karshen karni na 20, tana iya yiwuwa a dalilin bayi, azabtarwa, kisan kiyashi da kuma ta'addancin yaki, don la'akari da abubuwan da suka shafi rauni na dan-adam, sannan kuma a matsayin mataki na tabbatar yiwuwar Adalci a tsakanin al'umma. Fafutukar neman hakkin dan-adam ya ciga har farkon karni na 21, inda ya mayar da hankali akan kara samun 'yanci na kasuwanci da na siyasa.
Tarihi
Manufar hakkin dan-adam ta wanzu na tsawon karni da dama, duk da cewa mutane da dama suna la'akari da hakkin dan-adam na duka duniya kamar yadda mutanen zamanin nan ke yi a yau.
Hujja akan hakkin dan-adam mafi tsufa itace Cyrus Cylinder wanda ya samo asali tun daga karni na 6 BCE, tana dauke da hakkoki kamar babu bautar da bayi, hakkin bauta a addinin da ka ga dama da kuma hakkin daidaito a tsakanin launin fata.
Majagaban tattaunawa na gaskiya akan hakkokin dan-adam yana cikin manufar haƙƙoƙin asali wanda ya wanzu a matsayin dokokin asali na al'adun tsakiyar zamuna. Wadannan al'adu sun tasirantu sosai daga rubuce-rubucen Bulus Manzo da manazartan farko farko na addinin Kiristanci, St Hilary of Poitiers, St. Ambrose da kuma St. Augustine. Augustine na daga cikin mutane na farko da suka fara tantance ingancin dokokin dan-adam, kuma yayi kokarin bayyana iyakoki akan wasu hakkoki da dokoki na asali dangane da hikima da zurfin tunani, a maimakon cewa mutane su gindaya dokokin da ka, kuma idan mutane zasu rika bin dokokin da ba na adalci ba.
Wadannan al'adu na tsakiyar zamunai yayi fice a lokacin Ilimin falsafa na Turai (Enlightenment). A wannan dalilin ne, tushen hakkokin dan-adam fara daga tsakiyar karshen karni na 20.
Magna Carta wata yarjejeniya ce ta Ingila wacce aka isar a shekarar 1215 wacce tayi tasiri akan bunkasa Dokokin yau da kullum, da sauran dumbin takaddu na kundin tsarin mulki akan hakkokin dan-adam, irinsu Dokar Hakkoki 1689, Kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka na shekara ta 1789, da kuma Dokar Hakkoki na Amurka na shekarar 1791.
Masanin falsafa na karni na 17 dan kasar Ingila John Locke ya tattauna akan hakkin dan adam na asali a cikin ayyukansa, kuma ya bayyana su a matsayin "rayuwa", "'yanci", da "gidaje (muhalli), kuma yayi jayayya akan cewa irin wadannan muhimman hakkoki bai kamata a barsu ga masu hanu da shuni ba. A Burtaniya acikin shekara ta 1689, Dokokin Hakkoki na Ingila da kuma Mallakar hakkoki na 1689 na kasar Scotland duka sunyi yunkurin kore wasu ayyukan gwamnati wanda basu bisa adalci. Muhimman juyin juya hali guda biyu sun faru a cikin karni na 18, a kasar Amurka a shekara ta  (1776) da kuma Faransa a cikin shekara ta (1789), wanda hakan ya janyo Sanarwar Dokar 'Yancin Kai na Amurka da kuma Sanarwa kan haƙƙoƙin dan adam da 'yan kasa na kasar Faransa bi da bi, dukkanninsu kuma sun kunshi wani nau'in hakkokin dan-adam. Bugu da kari, Sanarwar Dokar Hakkoki na Virginia na shekara ta 1776 ya ayyana wasu dumbin muhimman hakkokin 'yan kasa da 'yancin 'yan kasa a cikin doka. "Mun riqi wannan gaskiyar da ta zama hujja ga kowa da kowa, cewa dukkannin mutane an halicce su daidai, cewa ubangijinsu ya halicce su da wasu hakkoki wanda ba'a iya koresu, cewa daga cikinsu akwai rayuwa, 'yanci da kuma neman farin ciki a duniya."
1800 zuwa Yakin Duniya na I
Masana falsafa irinsu Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill, da kuma Hegel sun fadada jigon Universality a tsakanin karni na 18 da na 19. A cikin shekara ta 1831, William Lloyd Garrison ya rubuta acikin wata jarida mai suna The Liberator cewa yana so ya sanya masu karanta labaransa a cikin wani "babban al'amari na hakkokin dan-adam", to watakila ta haka ne aka fara amfani da kalmar Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam a tsakanin maganan Paine Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam (The Rights of Man) da kuma wallafar Garrison. A cikin shekara ta 1849, wani dan zamanin Henry David Thoreau yayi rubutu akan Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam a cikin rubutunsa mai suna Civil Disobedience wanda daga bisani yayi tasiri akan hakkokin dan-adam da kuma manazarta. Kotun Kolin David Davis na kasar Amurka, acikin bayanansa na 1867 akan Ex parte Milligan, ya rubuta kamar haka: "Don kare doka, ana tabbatar da hakkokin dan-adam; idan aka cire wadannan hakkoki to suna a hannun azzaluman shugabanni, ko kuma a cikin rudanin rikitattun mutane".
Kungiyoyi da dama sun sami damar cimma nasaorin zamantakewa masu muhimmanci a cikin karni na 20 da sunan hakkin dan-adam. A yammacin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, Kungiyoyin kwadago sun janyo dokar da ya bai wa ma'aikata daman yajin aiki, kirkirar ka'idojin lokutan aiki, da kuma haramta ko kuma tsara Kwadago ga yara. Kamfe na Haƙƙoƙin Mata yayi sanadiyyar samarwa mata 'yancin kada kuri'a. Yakoki akan 'yancin kasashe yayi sanadiyyar korar Turawan mulkin mallaka daga kasashe da dama. Daya daga cikin jagoranci mafi tasiri shine na Mahatma Gandhi akan gwagwarmayar 'yancin Indiya. Gwagwarmayoyi na kananan addinan da basu da galihu da wariyar launin fata sun samu nasarori da dama a yankuna daban daban na duniya, daga cikinsu akwai gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin 'yan kasa, da kuma na kusa-kusan nan bayyana siyasa, wanda ya jibanci mata da sauran marasa galihu a Amurka.
Kirkirar Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya, Dokar Lieber na 1864, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Geneva na farko a 1864, yayi sanadiyyar kirkirar Dokokin 'yan-Adam ta duniya, wanda aka kara bunkasa ta bayan yaƙin duniya ta byu.
Tsakanin Yakin Duniya ta Daya da Yakin Duniya ta Biyu
An kirkiri League of Nations a shekarar 1919 a wajen muhawara akan yarjejeniyar Versailles bayan an kammala Yaƙin Duniya na I. Manufofin kungiyar sune janye dakarun sojoji, magance yaki ta hanyar hadin gwiwa ta tsaro, daidaita sabani a tsakanin kasashe ta hanyar sasanci, diflomasiyya da kuma inganta jin dadin rayuwa a duk fadin duniya. Tana dauke da yarjejeniya akan bunkasa hakkoki da dama wanda daga bisani aka sanya su acikin Zartarwa akan Hakkokin Dan-Adam na Duniya (Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
League of Nations tana da kudiri na goyon bayan da yawa daga cikin kasashen da Turawan Yammacin Turai suka mulka a yayin mika yanci daga mulkin malka zuwa 'yancin kai.
Kungiyar Kwadago ta kasa da kasa a matsayinta na hukuma a karkashin League of Nation, sannan a yanzu Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta na da kudirin bunkasawa da kare wasu hakkoki wanda daga baya aka sanya su a cikin Zartarwa akan Hakkokin Dan-Adam na Duniya (UDHR). "muhimmin kudirin Kungiyar kwadago ta kasa da kasa (ILO) a yau shine bunkasa damammaki ga mata da maza a wajen samun ayyuka masu armashi, a cikin yanayi na 'yanci, adalci, tsaro da kuma martabar dan-Adam."
Bayan Yakin Duniya ta Biyu
Dangane da lamarin "Duniya baki daya", dokar bata shafi nuna bambanci da wariyar launin fata na cikin kasashe ba. Henry J. Richardson III ya musanta: Fara yakin Cold War jim kadan bayan kirkirar UDHR ya haifar da rarrabuwa na adawa akan shigar da hakkokin zamantakewa da na tattalin arziki da kuma hakkokin 'yan kasa da na siyasa a cikin dokokin. Kasashen jari hujja sun bada muhimmanci sosai akan hakkokin 'yan kasa da na siyasa (kamar 'yancin cudanya da kuma fadan albarkacin baki), amma basu da niyyar wanzar da hakkokin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa (kamar hakkin yin aiki da kuma shiga kungiyoyi). Kasashen gurguzanci kuwa sun bada muhimmanci sosai akan hakkokin tatttalin arziki da na zamantakewa, kuma sunyi jayayya sosai akan dalilin shigar dasu cikin dokokin.
A dalilin rarrabuwar da akayi, akan wadanne hakkoki suka kamata a shigar, sannan kuma wasu kasashe sun ki amincewa kuma sun goge wasu daga cikin dokokin, sannan kuma duk da cewa wasu daga cikin membobi irinsu Soviet bloc da sauran kasashe masu tasowa sunki amincewa da wasu hakkoki a zaman Yarjejeniyar hadin kai, an raba hakkokin da ke cikin UDHR zuwa alkawarori guda biyu, inda aka bar wasu kasashe da su wanzar da wasu dokokin sannan kuma suyi watsi da wasu. Duk da cewa hakan ya bada damar kirkirar wadannan dokoki, amma ya tauye dokar cewa dukkanin hakkoki suna da alaka da juna, wanda wannan shine zuciyar UDHR ga wasu masana.
Duk da cewa UDHR sansanci ne wanda ba'a iya tankwarawa, a yanzu ana daukar ta a matsayin wani bangare na tushen Dokoki al'adu na kasa da kasa, wanda sashin shari'a na gwamnatocin kasashe ka iya hakayowa a yayin yanke wani hukunci.
Yarjejeniyoyi akan hakkin dan-Adam
A cikin shekarar 1966, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tayi amfani da International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) da kuma International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) a tsakaninsu, inda ta sanya hakkokin a karkashin UDHR akan kowacce kasa. Duk da haka, an tilasta su ne kawai a shekarar 1976, a lokacin da kasashe da dama suka sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar (duk da cewa an cimma nasarar ICCPR, alkawarin da ya kunshi hakkokin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa, kasar Amurka ta sanya hannu ne kadai a yarjejeiyar ICCPR a shekarar 1992. ICESCR ta sanya kungiyar kasashe 155 don suyi aiki a wajen tabbatar da samar da hakkokin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa ga mutane.
Akwai sauran dumbin yarjejeniyoyi da aka gudanar a tsakanin kasashe. An fi saninsu da kayan aikin hakkokin dan-Adam - human rights instruments. Daga cikin wadanda sukayi fice sun hada da:
Dakarun Soja
Alhakin bada kariya wani shiri ne na kasashen da ke karkashin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da su shiga tsakani kuma su kare mutane daga azzalumai. An ayyana ta a matsayin adalci a dalilin shiga tsakani da sojoji sukayi na kwanan nan. Misalin wannan shiga tsakani da akai ta suka shine Shigan Sojoji kasar Libiya a shekara ta 2011 a Yakin Basasan Farko na Libiya wanda dakarun NATO da Qatar sukayi, wanda kudurin kare kasar daga zalunci ya dauki wani fasali na musamman na tumbuke gwamnatin da ake hari.
Tattalin arziki
Hadarin take hakkokin dan-adam na karuwa tare da karuwar talauci a tsakanin mutane. Ana daukar 'ya'ya mata daga iyalai masu karamin karfi a kasashe masu rauni na tattalin arziki a matsayin nauyi acikin iyalin a dalilin haka ana aurar da mata da kananun shekarun da nufin cewa za'a ciyar dasu a karkashin iyalan da ke da arziki.
Grey Glacier
Grey Glacier wani dusar ƙanƙara ne a cikin Filin Kankara ta Kudancin Patagonia, kusa da Cordillera del Paine. Yana gangarowa kudu zuwa tafkin sunan daya. Kafin a raba biyu a ƙarshensa, glacier yana da faɗin kilomita 6 kuma sama da mita 30 tsayi. A cikin 1996, ta mamaye yanki 270 km2  da tsawon 28 km. A watan Nuwambar 2017 wani babban dutsen kankara ya karye kankara.
Kewaye
Dusar kankara tana ƙarshen Kudancin Kudancin Patagonia Ice Field. Ana iya ganin saman tafkin lokacin bin babban da'irar Paine Mountain Range a John Garner Pass. Akwai wani ra'ayi na dusar kankara daga kudancin gabar tafkin inda za'a iya ganin dusar ƙanƙara a bayanta, tare da guntuwar ƙanƙara da ke shawagi kusa da gaɓar. Tana gefen yamma na wurin shakatawa na Torres del Paine.
Gaskiyan Cocin Isa
Abubuwan da cocin ta aminta dasu
Abubuwar goma da cocin ta yarda da su sun hada da:
Jami'an tsaro a Nijar
Dokar tilasta bin doka a Nijar alhakin Ma'aikatar Tsaro ne duk da cewa Gendarmerie na Ƙasa da Ma'aikatu na Cikin Gida ta hanyar ƴan sanda na ƙasa da kuma National Guard, rundunar ƴan sanda.
Ƙungiya
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1999 ya haifar da sake tsara kungiyar tilasta bin doka a Nijar. An cire 'yan sanda na kasa, masu tsaron kasa (sa'an nan kuma Sojojin Tsaro da Tsaro na Kasa (NFIS ko FNIS a Faransanci)) daga ikon Ma'aikatar Tsaro kuma an sanya su ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatan Cikin Gida. Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta riƙe iko da Gendarmerie Nationale wanda ke da alhakin 'yan sanda na kasa a waje da birane.
Tsarin tilasta bin doka na Nijar da tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na Nijar dukansu an tsara su ne bayan takwarorinsu a cikin tsarin Faransanci. Lambar tarho ta gaggawa ta 'yan sanda ita ce 17.
Tsaro na Kasa na Nijar
Tsohon da aka sani da Sojojin Tsaro da Tsaro na Kasa, Tsaro na Nijar na da alhakin tsaro a yankunan karkara inda 'yan sanda na kasa ba su nan. Babban kwamandan tsaron kasa ne ke kula da shi wanda ke ba da rahoto ga Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida. Wannan kungiya tana da alhakin: sa ido kan iyaka da yankuna na kasar, tsaron jama'a, kiyayewa da maido da tsari, kare gine-ginen jama'a da cibiyoyin, mutane da dukiyoyinsu, aiwatar da 'yan sanda na gudanarwa a yankunan karkara da makiyaya, gudanarwa da saka idanu kan kurkuku, ayyukan jin kai idan aka faru da bala'i na kasa ko rikici da kare muhalli. Har ila yau, tana da alhakin samar da tsaro ga hukumomin gudanarwa da wakilan diflomasiyya da na kwastomomi na Nijar a kasashen waje.
Tsayawa, kafin shari'a da shari'a
Lokacin tsare 'yan sanda an iyakance shi zuwa awanni 48 ba tare da shaida ba. Koyaya, idan 'yan sanda sun kasa tattara isasshen shaida a cikin lokacin tsare, mai gabatar da kara yana da damar ba da karar ga wani jami'in da ke ƙarƙashin wani sa'o'i 48. Koyaya, don fara wannan tsari, mai gabatar da kara dole ne ya gabatar da hujjoji ga alƙali. Wanda ake tuhuma yana da 'yancin lauya nan da nan bayan an tsare shi, kuma ana samun belin don laifuka da ke ɗauke da hukuncin da bai kai shekaru 10 ba. Dokar gabaɗaya tana buƙatar cewa 'yan sanda da ke gudanar da bincike suna da takardar shaidar, wanda alƙali ke bayarwa. A karkashin Dokar Tsaro ta Jiha, 'yan sanda na iya gudanar da bincike ba tare da takardar shaidar ba lokacin da suke da zargi mai karfi cewa gida yana kare masu laifi ko dukiya.
Dokar al'ada a tilasta bin doka a Nijar
Shugabannin gargajiya suna aiki a matsayin matsakanci da masu ba da shawara kuma suna da iko a cikin shari'o'in shari'ar al'ada da kuma matsayi a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa, inda aka sanya su a matsayin mataimakan jami'an gida. Kotuna na al'ada, waɗanda ke cikin manyan garuruwa da birane kawai, suna gwada shari'o'in da suka shafi saki ko gado. Suna karkashin jagorancin likitan shari'a tare da horo na asali wanda mai tantancewa da ke da masaniya a cikin al'adun al'umma ke ba da shawara. Ayyukan shari'a na shugabannin da kotuna na al'ada ba a tsara su ta hanyar doka ba, kuma wadanda ake tuhuma na iya daukaka kara ga yanke hukunci ga tsarin kotun.
Rashin bin doka a Nijar
Kodayake kundin tsarin mulki ya kare 'yancin aikin jarida kuma cibiyoyin sun kare su gabaɗaya, an zargi jami'an tsaro da tsare' yan jarida da' yan siyasa na adawa a wasu lokuta saboda dalilai na siyasa. Zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa sun zama ruwan dare musamman a kan 'yan sanda da' yan sanda da wuraren dubawa a kan hanyoyin birane da kuma manyan hanyoyi. An tsara wuraren dubawa don bincika takardu, don karɓar haraji ko haraji na ciki akan kayayyaki da kuma aiwatar da dokoki da ka'idoji.
A cikin dokar al'ada, mata galibi masu sa ido na kasashen waje suna tantance su kamar yadda ba su da matsayin doka daidai da maza a kotuna na gargajiya da na al'ada kuma ba sa jin daɗin samun damar yin gyaran doka.
Oluchi Onweagba
Oluchi Onweagba-Orlandi (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1980) 'yar Najeriya ce dake zaune a Birnin New York. Lokacin da ta girma a unguwannin bayan gari na Legas, ta ci gasar kyau ta "The Face of Africa" tun tana 'yar shekara 16.
Onweagba ta girma ne a cikin unguwannin bayan gari na Legas a Nijeriya, tare da kuma 'yan uwanta maza guda biyu da kuma mata. Ita diya ce ga ma'aikacin gwamnati mahaifiyar ta kuwa ma'aikaciyar jinya ce.
Aiki
Bayan ta koma New York City, inda take zaune har yanzu, ta fara bayyana ne a cikin shafukan mujallan Amurka da Italia Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, Marie Claire, Allure, Nylon da W. Oluchi ta fito a bangon mujallar Italia mai sunaVogue, Elle, iD, Pop, Untold, da kuma Surface.
Ta yi aiki da mutane irinsu Gucci, Carolina Herrera, John Galliano, Missoni, Tommy Hilfiger, Chanel, Bottega Veneta, Christian Dior, Alessandro Dell'Acqua, Jeremy Scott, Helmut Lang, Fendi, Anna Sui, Givenchy, Kenzo, Giorgio Armani, Céline, Nina Ricci, da Diane Von Furstenberg.
Nse Ekpenyong
Nse Bassey Ekpenyong (1964 - ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022) ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma memba a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya. Nse ya wakilci Oron, Mbo, Okobo, Urueoffong Oruk da Udung-Uko a majalisar wakilai ta tarayya.
Ilimi
Nse Bassey Ekpenyong ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Vincent, Oti-Obor inda ya samu WASSCE da Abia State Polytechnic inda ya samu Diploma na ƙasa a cikin shekarar 2011.
Sana'a
Nse Ekpenyong ya kasance ɗan majalisar dokokin jihar Akwa Ibom a wa’adi ɗaya kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban jam’iyyar PDP na jihar Akwa Ibom.
Yin jabu
An kama Nse Ekpenyong ne bisa zarginsa da yin jabun satifiket ɗin makaranta da ya gabatar wa INEC kafin a fara zaɓe. Tambayoyin, wanda ya gudana a babban birnin jihar Rivers Fatakwal, kan alaƙarsa da N20. miliyoyin zamba.
Addini
Addini: An samo kalmar daga harshen Larabci Arabic, tana nufin hanyar bauta ko rayuwa ko kuma hanya kawai. Kuma har zuwa wannan lokaci ana cigaba da amfani da wannan kalma ta Addini a harsuna da yawa, a ciki har da harshen hausa.
Ma'ana
Addini shi ne hanyar rayuwa bisa bautar wani abun bautawa, bisa amfani da tsare-tsaren da wannan abin bautar ko kuma makusantansa suka tanadar, domin tafiyar da rayuwar yau da kullum ta mabiya wannan Addini, bisa wasu tanaje-tanaje ko tsare-tsare.
Addini ya rabu gida daban-daban, kamar yadda masana addini su ka yi bincike kuma su ka tabbatar. A bisa wannan bincike an kasafta Addini gida biyu, wato Addinan Kaɗaitaka da kuma Addinan Tarayya.
Addinai
1. Addinan Kaɗaitaka: Waɗannan sune Addinan da suka yarda da wanzuwar abin bauta guda ɗaya tilo, kuma suka tafi akan tabbatuwar wannan abin Bauta a matsayin wanda ya halicci rayuwa da duk abin da rayuwar ta tattara, Mutane, Aljannu, Dabbobi, Tsirrai, Sararin Sammai, Sararin Kassai, Ruwa,Iska da makamantansu.
Addinan da suke a cikin wannan kason sun haɗa da:
Addinin Musulunci Islam. Addinin Kiristanci Christianity. Addinin Yahudanci Yahudanci. Addinin Zarusta.
Waɗannan addinai sunada littatafai da suka ƙunshi da hukunce-hukuncen na tafiyar da rayuwar jama'a bisa tsari da tsafta da kuma jagoranci. Ubangiji shi ya saukarwa bayinSa littatafan, ta hanyar Mala'ikunSa zuwa ga ManzanninSa domin suyi gargadi da kuma jagoranci bisa hanyarSa.
-Addinin Yahudanci Judaism an saukar masa da littafi Zabura [Zaboor Tsohon Alkawari ta hannun Annabi Musa.
-Addinin Kiristanci Christianity an saukar masa da littafin Injila [Injeel Sabon Alkawari ta hannun Isah Ɗan Maryam. Makkah Al-Mukarramah -Kaaba- Ramadan 2016.webm -Addinin Musulunci (Islam) an saukar masa da Ƙur'ani Mai Girma [Noble Qur'an AlKur'ani ta hannun Annabi Muhammad "Sallallaahu Alaihi Wasallam".
Ire-iren waɗannan addinai sun yarda da gabatar da hadaya ga ababan bautarsu, kuma basu da wasu tsayayyun dokokin rayuwa ko littatafai da ke dauke da hukunce-hukunce da tsare-tsaren tafiyar da rayuwar yau da kullum, saɓanin addinan kaɗaitaka.
Addinan da suke cikin wannan kason sune:
Addinin Buddah. Addinin Hindu. Addinin Aztec Aztec. Addinin Majusanci. Da Sauransu
.
Jeddah
Jeddah ko Jiddah ko kuma Jedda; da larabci|جدة, Birni ne dake Tihamah a yankin Hejaz dake gabar Kogin Maliya kuma shine babban birni a yammacin kasar Saudiya. Itace mafi yawan al'ummah a Makkah Province, kuma itace keda babban tashar Ruwa a kogin Maliya, tanada adadin mutane kusan miliyan hudu (4,000,000,) tun a kidayar a shekara ta 2017. Kuma itace gari na biyu mafiya yawan al'ummah a kasar Saudiya bayan birnin Riyadh. Jeddah itace cibiyar kasuwancin kasar Saudiya.
Jeddah nadaya daga cikin biranan shakatawa a kasar Saudiya kuma ansanyata a cikin kasashe masu kyawu, daga cibiyar nan na Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). Kasantuwar garin a gabar teku yasa mafi yawan abincinsu yazama kayayyakin ruwa ne, da al'adar da kuma kamun kifi, wanda bazaka ga hakan asauran garuruwan Saudiya ba. Da larabci taken birnin itace "Jeddah Ghair," fassara wato "Jeddah daban ce." Hakane yasa taken mafiya yawan al'ummah garin da yanwaje suke amfani dashi. Ana ganin birnin Jeddah a matsayin garin dayafi tarbar kowa da kowa a kasar Saudiya.
Asalin Sunan da Rubuta shi
Akwai bayanai biyu da akayi aka samo asalin sunan da yadda ake rubuta shi wato Jeddah, kamar yadda Jeddah Ibn Al-Qudaa'iy, the wanda shine Shugaban Quda'a clan. Cewar sunan ansamo sane daga جدة Jaddah, Kalmar Larabci ce dake nufin "grandmother". Kamar yadda eastern folk sukai imani, Kabarin Eve, Wanda ake ganin itace grandmother of humanity yana nan ne a garin Jeddah. Hukumar addinin garin sun rufe kabarin ne  da ginin kankare a shekara ta1975 duk saboda Musulmai masu yin sallah a wurin.
Hukumar Foreign and Commonwealth Office na Biritaniya da wasu rassuna na gwamnatin Biritaniya sunfi amfani da tsohon spelling din "Jedda", Wanda yasaba da na yadda yake a Turanci ayanzu, amma a shekara ta 2007, spelling ya canja zuwa "Jeddah".
T. E. Lawrence yaji cewar duk wani sunayen Larabci zuwa English was arbitrary. Acikin, Revolt in the Desert, Jeddah is spelled three different ways on the first page alone.
A hukumar gwamnatin Saudiya littafin ta da maps din birnin duk suna dake da sunan ne a rubutu da "Jeddah", wanda ake amfani dashi ako ina a hakan.
Kara De Silva
Carol Eileen Krawetz (Maris 3, 1939 - Disamba 7, 2022),wanda aka sani da sunanta na alkalami Cara De Silva, marubuciya Ba'amurkiya ce kuma ƴar tarihin abinci. An san ta don rubuce-rubucen da ta yi game da abinci da kuma gyarawa A cikin Ƙwararrun Mata na Terezin,tarin girke-girke daga mata a sansanin tattarawa na Terezin.
Kuruciya
An haifi De Silva a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1939,a Manhattan. Iyayenta baƙi Yahudawa ne; Mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai sculptor. Mahaifinta ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka daga yankin da ke kusa da iyakar Poland da Rasha, kuma ta yi aiki da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Tufafi ta Duniya. Tun tana yarinya ta shiga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yiddish kuma ta karɓi sunan wasan Cara De Silva wanda ta yi amfani da shi azaman sunan alkalami yayin da take rubuce-rubuce tun tana balagagge.De Silva ta sami digiri na farko daga Kwalejin Hunter, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu daga Kwalejin City na New York a 1996.Ta kuma karanci adabin turanci na tsakiya a Jami'ar Rutgers.
Aiki
An san De Silva yar rubuce-rubucen da ta bayar da rahoto game da abinci a gidajen cin abinci da kuma kwarewar kasancewa a gidan abincin kanta. Ta fara rubutawa don Newsday inda ta rubuta wani shafi da ke mai da hankali kan ƙananan wuraren da ba a san su ba a New York.Ta ci gaba da bayar da rahoto don wallafe-wallafe daban-daban ciki har da Saveur da The New York Times.
De Silva sananniya ce don gyara littafin,A Kitchen's Memory: gado daga matan Terezin, wanda ta tattara girke-girke daga mata a sansanin taro na Terezin. Mina Pachter ce ta tattara girke-girke. Kafin ta mutu da yunwa a shekara ta 1944,ta baiwa kawarta nauyin girke-girke kusan 70 don ta kawo wa 'yarta Anny Pachter Stern, wadda kafin yakin ta yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu. An rubuta ainihin girke-girke da hannu cikin Jamusanci da Czech,kuma an fassara su zuwa Turanci. Ta fara rubutu game da tarin girke-girke a cikin 1991 a Newsday, jaridar Long Island. Masu wallafa 32 sun ƙi De Silva kafin kamfanin buga Jason Aronson ya karɓi littafin don buga shi a 1996. Kayan girke-girke suna aiki a matsayin takardun tarihi na Holocaust, da DeSilva sun lura cewa littafinnan ba girke-girke ba ne,kamar yadda girke-girke na iya zama cikakke ko rikicewa, amma takarda ne na Holocaust da kuma rikodin abin da ta kira " juriya na tunani". Littafin ta zama mafi kyawun siyarwa kuma an sanya masa suna cikin jerin manyan littattafan New York Times na shekara a cikin 1996. Bayan buga littafin,De Silva ta ba da laccoci game da littafin da asalinsa a wurare a cikin Amurka.
De Silva ta mutu a birnin New York a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2022.
Kyaututtuka da karramawa
De Silva sau biyu ta sami karramawa daga Associationungiyar 'Yan Jaridun Abinci don rubutu fasalin abinci, a cikin 1992 ta sami lambar yabo ta farko   kuma a cikin 1995 ta sami kyauta ta uku. A cikin 2000 Gidauniyar James Beard ta zabi De Silva don rubuta ta A Fork a cikin Wasiƙun Hanya akan Tafiya da Abinci.
Nkeiruka Onyejeocha
Nkeiruka Chidubem Onyejocha (an haife ta a ranar 23 Nuwamba shekarar 1969) yar siyasan Nijeriya ce kuma babban mai zartarwa a Majalisar Wakilan Tarayyar Najeriya. Tana wakiltar Mazabar Tarayyar Isuikwuato / Umunneochi ta jihar Abia. Onyejocha memba ce mai aiki a majalisar tarayyar Najeriya kuma galibi tana bayar da gudummawa sosai ga muhawarori da suka shafi mahimman batutuwan ƙasa a majalisa. Ta dauki nauyin tsare-tsare da dama tare da kawo yunkuri wadanda suka inganta rayuwar talakawan kasa da kuma taimakawa wajen kare hakkinsu.
A cikin shekarar 2017 ta dauki nauyin wani kudiri wanda ya sanya jinyar gaggawa ga wadanda aka harba da bindiga ya zama tilas ga asibitoci ba tare da neman ko jinkirta jinya wai don jiran bayanai daga ‘yan sanda kafin a fara magani a yanayin gaggawa.
An fara zaben Onyejocha ne a shekara ta 2007 a karkashin jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party, PDP jam'iyya mai mulki na lokacin. Ta sauya sheka zuwa jam'iyyar All Progressive Congress, APC a shekarar 2018 bayan ta fuskanci matsin lamba daga tsaffin shugabannin jam’iyyar don ta dakatar da kudirin ta na komawa majalisa. A shekarar 2019, ta sake lashe zaben fidda gwani na karo na hudu a Majalisar dokoki na Najeriya. Tana daya daga cikin mafiya dadewa a majalisa.
A cikin shekara ta 2019, Onyejocha ta tsaya takarar matsayin Speaker na Majalisa Wakilai a kasa da maza suka mamaye mukamai, tare da abokin adawa Femi Gbajabiamila daga Jihar Legas wanda ƙungiya - jama'iyyar adawa ta APC, APC ta tsaida. Babban matasalar zaben Onyejocha shi ne ta kasance a matsayin mai magana da yawun shiyyar ta na yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya domin daidaita manyan ikon tarayya a tsakanin shiyyoyin siyasa shida na kasar. Amma ta ajiye takarar tsakanin awanni 24 zuwa zaben.
Rayuwar farko, ilimi da aiki
Onyejocha diya ce ga Eze Bob Ogbonna ne a garin Isuochi na karamar hukumar Umunneochi ta jihar Abia. Ta rasa mahaifiyarta tun tana karama. Onyejocha ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Isuochi Central da kuma Ovim Girls School, Isuochi. A cikin shekara ta 1988 ta kammala karatun digiri daga jami'ar Najeriya, Nnsuka, UNN tare da difloma a fannin Social Work/Community Development. A shekarar 1993 ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Bachelor of Art tare da sakamakon second class upper (a Daraja) daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka. Onyejocha ta yi Digiri na biyu a kan Harkokin Kasa da Kasa da diflomasiyya (International Affairs and Diplomacy) daga Jami’ar Jihar Imo a shekarar (2005) da kuma Digiri na Biyu a hada-hadan jiragen ruwa daga Jami’ar Fasaha ta Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Jihar Oyo.
A lokacin da take karatun ta na digiri a jami'a, Onyejocha ta kasance mai himma a harkokin dalibai da siyasa. Ta rike mukamai daban-daban na shugabanci a gwamnatin kungiyar dalibai ta jami’ar Najeriya, Nnsuka, UNN. Onyejocha ta yi aiki a ofishin ladabtarwa na gwamnan jihar Osun a yayin da take hidimar bautar kasa na shekara daya a shekarar 1993. An ce ra'ayinta na siyasa ya samo asali ne daga nan.
Ta kasance Manajan Darakta na Nikkings da Kingzol International Ltd da ke kula da jarirai da kayayyakin gida. An yaba wa shugabancin ta saboda daga darajar kamfanin zuwa matakin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa. Kamfanin mallakin mijinta ne, Sir Kingsley Onyejocha.