cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Order of the Star of India
Tufafi da acoutrements na kayan ado
Ba kamar alamar yawancin sauran umarni na chivalric na Biritaniya ba, alamar Order of the Star of India ba ta haɗa da giciye ba, saboda ana ganin ba za a yarda da su ga Sarakunan Indiya da aka nada a oda ba.
Gaba da gata
Membobin kowane kabilu oda an ba su mukamai bisa tsari na gaba. Matan mambobi na kowane kabilu kuma sun fito bisa tsarin fifiko, kamar yadda 'ya'ya maza, mata da mata na Knights Grand Commanders da Knights Commanders suka yi. (Dubi tsari na gaba a Ingila da Wales don ainihin matsayi.) Manyan Kwamandojin Knights sun yi amfani da baƙaƙenbayan suna "GCSI", Kwamandojin Knights "KCSI" da Sahabbai "CSI". Manyan Kwamandojin Knights da Kwamandojin Knight sun sanya “Sir” zuwa sunayen farko. Matan Manyan Kwamandojin Knights da Kwamandojin Knight na iya yin prefix "Lady" zuwa sunayen sunayensu. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan ba su yi amfani da takwarorinsu da sarakunan Indiya ba, sai dai lokacin da aka rubuta sunayen na farko a cikin cikakkun siffofinsu.
Knights Grand Commanders kuma sun sami damar karɓar magoya bayan heraldic. Suna iya, kuma, kewaye da hannayensu tare da hoton da'irar (da'irar da ke ɗauke da taken) da kuma abin wuya ; ana nuna tsohon ko dai a waje ko a saman na karshen. An ba da izinin kwamandojin Knights da Sahabbai su nuna da'irar, amma ba abin wuya ba, kewaye da hannayensu. Ana nuna alamar an dakatar da shi daga kwala ko da'irar.
Nassoshi
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Imiekuri
Imiekuri gari ne, a Okpella Etsako Gabas, Edo, a Nijeriya, ƙauye ne a ƙarƙashin ƙabilar Okpella.
Irrua
Irrua gari ne, a jihar Edo, kuma mazaunin ƙaramar hukumar Esan ta tsakiya a jihar Edo a Najeriya. An kafa Irrua ne bisa doka ta 92 na shekarar 1993 (Shafi na I) domin samar da manyan ayyuka ga al’ummar jihar Edo da sauran su.
Ibrahim Mantu
Ibrahim Mantu (16 Fabrairu 1947 - 17 Agusta 2021) ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda ya zama mataimakin shugaban majalisar dattawan Najeriya tsakanin 2003 zuwa 2007.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ya taɓa zama mataimakin shugaban majalisar dattawan Najeriya daga 2003 zuwa 2007 sannan ya kasance ɗan majalisar dattawan Najeriya daga 1999 zuwa 2007.
Mutuwa
Mantu ya mutu sanadiyar COVID-19 a watan Agusta 2021.
Matthew Mendy
Matthew Mendy (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta alif 1983 ) ɗan wasan baya ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Gambiya, a halin yanzu yana buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta FC Jazz a matakin kungiya ta biyu ta ƙasar Finland Ykkönen. Jazz ne ta sayi Mendy  a watan Agusta 2014.
Ƙasashen Duniya
Mendy ya buga wa tawagar kwallon kafar Gambia wasa sau tara
Illo
Illo gari ne, a jihar Kebbi, a ƙasar Najeriya.
Tarihin mulkin mallaka
Illo na daya daga cikin Masarautun Borgu ta Arewa, karama amma mai arziki, kuma ta yi yaki da makwabta a karni na sha tara da suka hada da yakin Samba da rikici da Gwandu na Daular Sokoto.
Yankuba Minteh
Yankuba Minteh (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli 2004) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Gambia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger a ƙungiyar OB.
Burnei
Brunei kasa ce da take a kost din arewa na tsibirin Borneo dake kudu maso gabas na asiya.
Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Matayen Nijar ta Kasa da Shekaru 20
Nasara
Tawagar ta samu gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin mata ta WAFU U20 na 2022 da za a yi a Ghana.
Auvers-sur-Oise
Auvers-sur-Oise ( furuci da Faransanci: [Ovɛʁ syʁ waz], yana nufin Auvers on Oise ) gari ne a yankin Val-d'Oise, a arewa maso yammacin Paris, Faransa. Garin na da nisan kilomita 27.2 km daga tsakiyar Paris. Akwai shahararrun masu zane a garin da dama, mafi mashahuri shine Vincent van Gogh. Wannan shine wurin da van Gogh ya mutu, ga dukkan alamu ta hanyar kashe kansa.
Wuri
Auvers na nan a bangaren daman kogin Oise. Daga kudu kuwa tana haɗe da Méry-sur-Oise ta hanyar wata gada.
Tarihi
A cikin karni na 19, masu zan da dama sunyi rayuwa a garin kuma sun yi aiki a Auvers-sur-Oise, ciki har da Paul Cézanne, Charles-François Daubigny, Camille Pissarro, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Norbert Goeneutte, da Vincent van Gogh. Gidan Daubigny a yanzu ya zama gidan kayan gargajiya inda mutum zai iya ganin zane-zanen Van Vough, danginsa, da abokansa, irin su Honoré Daumier, da kuma ɗakunan da aka yi wa ado a cikin salo na wancan zamanin. Charles Sprague Pearce (1851-1914) shima anan ya mutu. A gefen kogin daga Auvers zuwa Pontoise akwai wurare da yawa waɗanda ke cikin zanen Pissarro.
Gwamnati
Magajin garin na yanzu itace Isabelle Mézières. An fara zaben ta a shekarar 2014, sannan aka sake zabe ta a watan Maris shekara ta 2020.
Van Gogh
Dr. Paul Gachet ya yi rayuwa a Auvers-sur-Oise. Ya saba da masu zanen avant-garde na lokacin. Ta hanyar wannan alaka, Vincent van Gogh ya koma Auvers don yayi masa magani, kodayake ya iske likitan a cikin wani yanayi mafi muni fiye da yadda yake. Gachet ya yi abota da Van Gogh kuma ya zana hotonsa har sau biyu, daya daga cikinsu, Hoton Dr. Gachet, an sayar da shi a wajen wani gwanjon akan kudi sama da $80m (£48m) a shekara ya 1990.
Van Gogh ya mutu ne sakamakon harbin kansa da yayi a kirji. An adanaa dakin da ya mutu saboda tarihi. Jami'ar Van Gogh ta mallaki Auberge Ravoux, kuma ita ke shirya ziyarar ɗakin Van Gogh kuma ta buɗe gidan cin abinci a dakin. Auvers-sur-Oise shine wurin hutawa na ƙarshe na duka Vincent da ɗan'uwansa Theo van Gogh, wanda ya mutu bayan watanni shida.
Sufuri
Akwai tashoshin jiragen kasa guda biyu a garin Auvers-sur-Oise na Transilien Paris – Nord : Chaponval da Auvers-sur-Oise. Tashoshin duka suna bi ya layin Pontoise - Creil. Tsakanin Afrilu da Oktoba, a ranakun Asabar, Lahadi da ranakun hutu, jiragen kasa kai tsaye suna tafiya daga Paris Gare du Nord zuwa Auvers. Hakanan kuma akwai tashoshin bas guda biyu aAuvers : 95 07 da 95 17.
Ilishan-Remo
Ilishan Remo gari ne, a yankin Irepodun a ƙaramar hukumar Ikenne a jihar Ogun, a Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya. Zip code yake ni 121103.
Ahmed Kusamotu
Ahmed Kusamotu (1940 - 2005) lauyan Najeriya ne wanda ya taka rawar gani a siyasance a matsayin shugaban taron jam'iyyar Republican ta ƙasa a ƙarshen matakin jamhuriya ta uku.
Kusamotu yana ɗaya daga cikin gidajen sarautar Ikirun. Lauyan tsarin mulki, ya shiga yaƙin neman zaɓen Umaru Shinkafi na Choice 92.
Rayuwa
An haifi Kusamotu a cikin dangin Adeoti Kusamotu da Akirun na Ikirun, Kusamotu Oyewole, wani basaraken gargajiya ne musulmi wanda danginsa suka yi tasiri wajen ci gaban Musulunci a Ikirun. Kakannin Kusamotu na daga cikin manyan fitulun noman Musulunci a tsakanin mutanen Ikirun. Kakansa, Aliyu Oyewole ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin sarkin gari na farko da ya karɓi Musulunci, yayin da kakansa, Akadiri Oyewole a zamanin mulkinsa a ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara ya yaɗa addinin Musulunci a Ikirun.
Kusamotu wanda ya rasa mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami kuma mahaifiyarsa ta taso, ya halarci makarantar St Paul, makarantar Anglican da ke gudanar da firamare sannan ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a makarantar Grammar Osogbo. Tsakanin 1965 da 1973, ya sami LL. B, LL. M da PhD a cikin doka daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziƙi ta London. Bayan ya dawo Najeriya, ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a ɗakin taro na Richard Akinjide. A cikin 1977, ya kafa ɗakin shari'a tare da haɗin gwiwar wani lauya Tunde Olojo, kamfanin ya ƙara da abokin tarayya na uku, Umaru Shinkafi.
Siyasa
Shigowar Kusamotu a fagen siyasa ta kasance a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu ta ƙasar; ya kasance ɗan jam’iyyar National Party of Nigeria kuma ya kasance mamba a hukumance a kwamitin gudanarwa na jam’iyyar ta jihar Oyo. Haka kuma yana cikin tawagar lauyoyin da ya kare shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari a Awolowo v. Shagari & ko. Bayan da jamhuriyar ta yanke, ya ci gaba da aikinsa. A cikin 1988, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa don tattauna tsarin sabon kundin tsarin mulki na jamhuriya ta uku mai shigowa. A yayin muhawarar da ta shafi ɗaukar shari'a, Kusamotu ya goyi bayan masu goyon bayan Shari'a. Duk da haka, bai yi sha'awar ɗaukar tsauraran hukunce-hukuncen aikata laifuka bisa Shari'a ba. A lokacin da aka fara siyasa, ya shiga ƙungiyar Shinkafi a cikin sabuwar jam’iyyar National Congress ta Najeriya, kuma ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jam’iyyar NNC a takaice kafin ta haɗe da wasu ƙungiyoyi domin kafa jam’iyyar Republican Conservative.
A jamhuriya ta uku, Kusamotu na da alaƙa da Choice 92, ƙungiyar yaƙin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Umaru Shinkafi. A shekarar 1993 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban NRC amma bayan da ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar ya sha kaye a ranar 12 ga watan Yunin 1993 Kusamotu da wasu mambobin NRC sun zaɓi goyon bayan ƙudirin kafa majalisar riƙon ƙwarya ta ƙasa.
A farkon jamhuriya ta huɗu, Kusamotu ɗan jam’iyyar All People’s Party ne kuma ya taka rawar gani a ƙawancen APP da Alliance for Democracy domin samar da tikitin takarar shugaban ƙasa na haɗin gwiwa.
Mel Brooks
Melvin James "Mel" Brooks (1926) mawakin Tarayyar Amurka ne.
Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu
Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu, na da nasarori da ƙalubale. Bayan kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata, sabuwar zababbiyar gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta yi kokawa da ci gaban hidimar da ake samu a wancan lokacin da koma baya dangane da samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Don haka gwamnati ta ba da himma sosai ga manyan ma'auni na sabis da kuma yawan tallafin saka hannun jari don cimma waɗannan matakan. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kasar ta samu dan ci gaba dangane da inganta samar da ruwan sha: ta kai ga samun ingantacciyar hanyar ruwa a birane, kuma a yankunan karkara rabon wadanda ke da ruwa ya karu daga kashi 66% zuwa 79% daga shekarar 1990. zuwa 2010.
Har ila yau, Afirka ta Kudu tana da masana'antar ruwa mai ƙarfi tare da tarihin ƙirƙira. Koyaya, an sami ƙarancin ci gaba a kan tsafta: Samun damar ya karu daga kashi 71% zuwa 79% a daidai wannan lokacin. Matsaloli masu mahimmanci sun kasance game da dorewar kuɗi na masu samar da sabis, wanda ke haifar da rashin kulawa ga kulawa. Rashin tabbas game da ikon gwamnati na dorewar matakan samar da kudade a fannin shi ma abin damuwa ne. Abubuwa biyu da suka bambanta da bangaren ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu su ne manufar samar da ruwan sha kyauta da kuma kasancewar allunan ruwa, wadanda su ne manyan hukumomin samar da ruwa da ke sarrafa bututun mai da sayar da ruwa daga tafki zuwa kananan hukumomi.
A cikin watan Mayun 2014 an sanar da cewa Sashen Ruwa da Tsaftar muhalli na Durban ya lashe lambar yabo ta ruwa na masana'antar Stockholm "saboda tsarin da ya kawo sauyi kuma ya hada da shi", yana mai cewa "daya daga cikin abubuwan amfani da ci gaba a duniya". Birnin ya hada karin mutane miliyan 1.3 zuwa ruwan famfo tare da samar wa mutane 700,000 damar yin bandaki cikin shekaru 14. Har ila yau, ita ce karamar hukuma ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu da ta fara samar da ruwan sha ga talakawa kyauta. Bugu da ƙari, ya inganta girbi ruwan sama, ƙaramin wutar lantarki da kuma karkatar da busassun bayan gida na fitsari.
A ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun 2018, kasar ta ayyana wani bala'i na kasa a birnin Cape Town yayin da aka yi hasashen cewa ruwan birnin zai kafe kafin karshen watan Yuni. Tare da cika madatsun ruwa 24.9% kawai, matakan ceton ruwa sun fara aiki wanda ya buƙaci kowane ɗan ƙasa ya yi amfani da ƙasa da lita 50 a rana. Dukkanin larduna tara na kasar sun faru ne sakamakon abin da gwamnati ta bayyana a matsayin "girma da tsananin" fari na shekaru uku. Bisa hasashen da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi, Cape Town na daya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya goma sha daya da ake sa ran za su kare da ruwa. A cikin 2018, Cape Town ta ki amincewa da tayin da Isra'ila ta yi mata na taimaka mata wajen gina shuke-shuken da za su rage gishiri.
Bikin tufafi na Fancy
Bikin tufafi na Fancy (wanda aka fi sani da Kakamotobi) wani biki ne na ban mamaki da al'ummar Winneba da ke yankin tsakiyar Ghana suka gudanar a ranar Kirsimeti zuwa ranar farko ta Janairu a kowace shekara. Biki ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke nuna kidan tagulla.
Tarihi
’Yan kasuwan Holland da Birtaniya a tashar ruwa ta Winneba sun fara al’adar bikin a karni na 19. Sanye da abin rufe fuska dabam-dabam, suna rawa da sha a sanduna mallakar fararen fata suna bikin Kirsimeti. Janka Abraham, wanda ya fito daga Saltpond, shi ma a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin mashaya a ɗayan waɗannan mashaya, yayi tunanin haɗa al'adar masquerade da bikin cikin al'adar gida. Ya kafa rundunar da aka fi sani da Nobles tare da abokinsa, Pharmacist A. K. Yamoah, a unguwar Alata Kokwado a wajajen 1923 ko 1924. Mutanen da ke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta A. K. Yamoah da kungiyoyin wasannin cikin gida suka shiga. Kasancewa memba yana buƙatar ikon yin magana da Ingilishi.
Kwanakin farko
Ma’abota daraja za su taru kafin wayewar gari a ranar Kirsimeti, suna sanye da kayan ado, kamar rigar likitoci, ma’aikatan jinya, malamai, ministoci, fastoci, manoma, masunta, karuwai, fastoci, direbobi, kawaye, ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa, mala’iku, ko ma ma. Turawan mulkin mallaka. Manufar ita ce a kwaikwayi sana'o'in gari daban-daban da ɓacin rai na Turawa. Daga nan ne sojojin za su yi fareti a kan titunan Winneba, da kidan adaha, kuma za su ci gaba da yini har zuwa maraice.
Canjin suna
An yi amfani da sunan “Fancy Dress” ne saboda kungiyar Egyaa, wadda ta kunshi masunta da ba su jin Turanci, sun sha wahala wajen furta kalmar “masquerade”. Maimakon haka, sun yi amfani da kalmar "Fancy Dress", wanda suka furta "fanti dress".
Girman ƙungiyoyi
Bayan wasu shekaru, an buɗe memba a cikin Nobles ga dukan mazaunan Winneba. Wannan ya haifar da karuwa a cikin membobin. Dangane da ayyukan Sarakuna, a cikin 1926 babban hakimin Winneba, Nana Kow Sackey (Ayirebi Acquah III), da abokansa sun kafa Egyaa, rukuni na biyu, a Aboadze, al'ummar kamun kifi. Mutanen garin suna kiran masu martaba da "Lambar Daya" da Egyaa a matsayin "Laba Biyu".
Samuwar Lamba Uku
A shekarar 1930, 'yan gidan sarautar Gyateh, wadanda ba su amince da goyon bayan Kow Sackey ga kungiyar Egyaa ba, sun kafa wata kungiya a yankin Gyateh na Donkoyemu. Wanda ake kira Tumbo rusu (lafazi mai suna tumus)—wanda ke fassara a matsayin sautin maƙerin maƙeri— ƙungiyar ta samu jagorancin dangin Gyateh Arkoful, maƙeri, Kweku Akom, da Inkabi. Ya samo membobinta daga matasan Katolika masu karancin ilimi daga al'ummomin kamun kifi na gida, da membobin Cocin Katolika na Winneba na kusa. Limaman Turai sun biya sabbin kayayyaki a kowace shekara da kuma abin rufe fuska na Turai, suna ba da tallafi ga ƙungiyar da kyau har ta zama Kamfani na tufafi mafi daraja. Daya daga cikin mambobin kungiyar ya ji dadin halin Robin Hood, amma da gangan ya harbi dan uwan ​​wani firist a ido da wata kibiya ta bata a ranar Kirsimeti a shekara ta 1930. Mummunan bala'in ya sa kungiyoyin suka hana nuna wannan hali a cikin Fancy. Bikin sutura da duk wanda ya haura shekara bakwai.
Samuwar Lamba Hudu
Daya daga cikin ’yan’uwan A. K. Yamoah, A. W. Yamoah, ya koma Abasraba, wata unguwar Winneba, a shekara ta 1933. Wani dan kasuwa ne ta hanyar fatauci, ya shigo da abin rufe fuska da kayan aikin tagulla kuma ya kafa wata kungiya mai suna Fancy Dress mai suna Red Cross ko Number Four. Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi manyan ƴan gari, waɗanda suka haɗa da matasan makarantar sakandare da kwaleji; Masu neman shiga dole ne su ci jarrabawar shiga cikin harshen Ingilishi da nazarin al'adun Ghana. Manyan membobi na biyan kudaden wata-wata, wanda ya ba da gudummawar shigo da kayayyaki da abin rufe fuska na Halloween daga kasashen waje a karshen shekara. Yara 'yan kasa da shekaru takwas da iyalai marasa galihu ba su biya ba, kodayake dole ne su karɓi suturar da membobin da ke biyan kuɗi suka zaɓa musu.
Kiɗa na Ƙungiyar Brass
A cikin shekarunsa na farko, waƙar ga duk ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin bikin kiɗan adaha ne na gargajiya. Ƙungiyoyin mishan na Turai da ƙungiyoyin soja sun gabatar da kiɗan ƙungiyar Brass zuwa yankin a cikin 1880s. A shekara ta 1934, limaman Katolika sun gabatar da kaɗe-kaɗe na kaɗe-kaɗe na tagulla zuwa bikin ta wajen kawo ƙungiyar da suka sami horo daga masu wa’azi na Presbyterian a garin Swedru Bibianiha da ke kusa. Ƙungiyar ba ta ƙware ba kuma ta san waƙa guda ɗaya kawai ("Abaawa Begye Wo Letter Kema Woewuraba"; a Turanci "Bawan Allah, Wannan Wasika ce Ga Madam ɗinki"), wadda ta ke bugawa duk rana. Dangane da bacin ran da aka yi na jin waƙa ɗaya da aka ci gaba da yi, A.W. Yamoah ya shirya ba da horo kan kayan aikin tagulla ga wasu ’yan uwansa. Sakamakon sabon rukunin ya fi ƙware fiye da na Swedru Bibiani. Ƙungiyar Nobles kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar tagulla. Koyaya, saboda yawancin membobin waɗannan makada sun fi son yin wasa a kan yin wasa a cikin ƙungiyar, don bukukuwan bukukuwa yawanci ana ɗaukar su daga wajen ƙungiyoyin gida.
Tsarin
Dukkanin kungiyoyi suna da matsayi guda daya: mai kula da shi shine uban kungiya, a baya sau da yawa mai daraja amma yanzu ya fi dacewa ya zama namiji mai ilimi, wanda ke kula da harkokin kudi da wurare da kuma jin dadin membobin gaba ɗaya. A ƙarƙashinsa akwai shugaban ƙungiyar, wanda ke tsara gwaje-gwaje da koyar da kiɗa, shugaban Dress na Fancy, wanda ke kula da ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma yin hira da sababbin membobin, da uwar rukuni, wanda ke kula da abinci da sasanta rikice-rikice. 'Yan kungiya kuma suna kula da ita a matsayin uwa ta haihuwa. Cowboys sun dace kuma membobi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba da amsa ga shugaban Dress na Fancy kuma suna kula da membobin gaba ɗaya. Sannan akwai ƴan leƙen asiri, masu yawo, da sauran mambobi a ƙarƙashin ikon kaboyi. Scouts sun ci gaba kuma suna neman kuɗi daga masu kallo don ƙungiyar.
Kumo
Kumo birni ne kuma hedkwatar karamar hukumar Akko a jihar Gombe, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Kumo ita ce cibiyar kasuwanci ta biyu mafi girma a jihar Gombe, tana kan babbar hanyar A345 kusan 40 km kudu da Gombe. Yana hidima a matsayin wurin tattara kayan lambu, gyada ( gyada), auduga, da masara (masara) kuma a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci na gida don dawa, gero, saniya, rogo (manioc), gyada, awaki, shanu, tumaki, tsuntsaye, da kuma auduga da Fulani, Tangale, da Hausawa mazauna kewaye. suke nomawa Babban titin da ke tsakanin Gombe da Yola yana hidimar garin.
Modou Ndow
Modou Ndow (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Gambia wanda ke buga wasa a ƙungiyar Wallidan FC.
Sana'a
A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba 2018 an tabbatar da cewa Ndow ya shiga Seattle Sounders FC, mai suna Tacoma Defiance daga 2019, a dukan kakar 2019, a kan aro daga kulob ɗin MFK Vyškov.
A cikin watan Janairu 2020, ya bayyana ya dawo kulob ɗin Wallidan FC, kamar yadda kulob din ya sanar a Facebook, cewa an ba da shi aro ga kulob din Al-Merrikh SC na Sudan. Ya bayyana ya dawo Wallidan FC a shekarar 2021.
Mohammed Sani Idris
Mohammed Sani Idriss ɗan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan siyasa ne daga jihar Yobe, Najeriya. Yanzu kuma shi ne Kwamishinan Ilimi na Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta farko da Sakandare ta Jihar Yobe bayan da Gwamnan Jihar Mai Mala Buni ya naɗa shi.
Kos Bekker
Jacobus Petrus "Koos" Bekker (an haife shi 14 Disamba 1952) ɗan kasuwa ne na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma shugaban ƙungiyar watsa labarai Naspers. Kamfanin yana aiki a cikin ƙasashe 130 kuma an jera shi akan kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta London da Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Yana da babban jarin kasuwa na kowane kamfani na watsa labarai a wajen Amurka, China da Indiya. Tun daga watan Afrilun 2022, an ƙiyasta yawan kuɗin da ya samu a dalar Amurka biliyan 2.3.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Koos Bekker a Potchefstroom, Afirka ta Kudu a 1952. Ya halarci Hoër Volkskool Heidelberg kuma ya kammala digiri a Jami'ar Stellenbosch, a fannin shari'a da adabi, kuma a Jami'ar Wits, a fannin shari'a. daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Columbia, New York da digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Stellenbosch.
Bekker ya auri Karen Roos kuma yana da yara biyu.
Sana'a
Bayan 'yan shekaru a talla, ya sami digiri na MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Columbia, ya kammala karatunsa a 1984. Sakamakon takardar aikin, shi, tare da ƴan matasa abokan aiki, sun kafa ɗaya daga cikin sabis na talabijin na farko biyu na biyan kuɗi a wajen Amurka. M-Net da 'yan uwanta, irin su Multichoice, daga karshe sun fadada zuwa kasashe 48 a fadin Afirka. A shekarun 1990, ya kasance shugaban kamfanin sadarwa na wayar salula na MTN A cikin 1997 Bekker ya zama Shugaba na Naspers, ɗaya daga cikin masu saka hannun jari na farko a rukunin M-Net/Multichoice. sauran masu hannun jari. A lokacin mulkinsa, jarin kasuwar Naspers ya karu daga kusan dala biliyan 1.2 zuwa dala biliyan 45. Kunshin diyya nasa ya kasance sabon abu a cikin shekaru goma sha biyar a matsayin Shugaba ba ya samun albashi, kari ko kari. An biya shi diyya kawai ta hanyar tallafin zaɓin hannun jari wanda aka ba shi na tsawon lokaci.
Jerin hamshakan attajirai na Duniya na Forbes 2019 ya sanya Bekker a matsayin mutum na 1002 mafi arziki a duniya, kuma na hudu mafi arziki a Afirka ta Kudu, yana da arzikin da ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 2.3. A cikin 2020, Bekker ya kasance a matsayin na uku mafi arziki a Afirka ta Kudu ta Forbes, tare da rahoton arziki kamar dalar Amurka biliyan 2.4.
Zuba jarin waje
Karkashin Bekker, Naspers ya saka hannun jari a talabijin da ake biya, wayar hannu da sabis na intanet daban-daban. Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da kasuwanci a Turai, Afirka, Latin Amurka, Sin, Indiya, Rasha, da ƙananan ƙasashe daban-daban.
Rigima
Kotun tsarin mulki ta yi imanin cewa manufofin ƙaura na dijital na Gwamnati ba ta ta'allaka ne ga ɗaiɗaikun 'yan wasa a masana'antar watsa shirye-shirye ba kuma shawarar da aka yanke na zubar da ikon yanke hukunci a cikin tallafin gwamnati na DTT saita manyan akwatunan ya kasance mafi kyawun moriyar matalauta da sauran jama'a. [Electronic Media Network Limited da sauran v e.tv (Pty) Limited da sauransu 2017 (9) BCLR 1108 (CC).
James Ferrell
James Ellsworth Ferrell (an haife shi Nuwamba 3, 1955) masanin ilimin halittu ne na kasar Amurka. Shi Farfesa ne na sanin sinadarai da kuma ilimin sanin halittu a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Stanford. Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Kimiyya da Tsarin Halittu tun farkonsa a 2006 har ya zuwazuwa 2011.
Ilimi
Ferrell ya kasance dalibi na farko a Kwalejin Williams, wanda ya fi girma a Physics, Chemistry, da Lissafi, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a 1976. Ya samu Ph.D. digiri a Chemistry daga Jami'ar Stanford a 1984 don aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Wray H. Huestis kan kula da siffar jan cell, kuma ya sami digiri na MD daga Stanford a 1986. Ya gudanar da aikin postdoctoral akan watsa siginar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na G. Steven Martin a UC Berkeley
Bincike
Ta hanyar nazarin Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation, Ferrell ya nuna yadda sauye-sauyen sauye-sauye a cikin progesterone mai haɓakawa ya canza zuwa wanda ba zai iya canzawa ba, duk-ko-babu canje-canje a cikin ayyukan MAP kinase, aikin kinase na dogara cyclin, da kuma rabo na cell. Waɗannan karatun sun taimaka nuna yadda rashin jin daɗi, kyakkyawar amsawa, da bistability na iya ba da damar sel su canza tsakanin jihohi masu hankali.
Aiki na gaba daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Ferrell da sauransu sun nuna cewa canjin tantanin halitta tsakanin interphase da mitosis ana daidaita shi ta hanyar sauya bistable, kuma cewa zagayowar tantanin halitta na Xenopus na farko yana aiki kamar oscillator na shakatawa. Waɗannan binciken sun taimaka tabbatar da tsinkayar ka'idar tun farko da nazarin ƙirar ƙira.
Kwanan nan dakin binciken Ferrell ya nuna cewa yanayin mitotic na iya yaduwa ta hanyar Xenopus cytoplasm ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa, raƙuman ruwa na ayyukan Cdk1 waɗanda ke yaduwa da sauri fiye da ƙwayoyin furotin na Cdk1 na iya yaduwa. Sun kuma nuna cewa apoptosis yana yaduwa ta hanyar cytoplasm ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa; "gudun mutuwa" yana kusan 2 mm a kowace awa.
.amsterdam
.amsterdam babban yanki ne na birnin Amsterdam. ICANN taba birnin Amsterdam izinin yin aiki da yankin akan 24 Yuli, 2014. A matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon shirin gTLD. Jama'a sun sami damar yin rajistar adiresoshin yanar gizon. Amsterdam tun Satumba 2015. Amfani da TLD yana da iyaka sosai kuma an soki gabatarwar sa saboda rashin ingancin sa. A cikin 2019, adadin wuraren da aka yiwa rajista a ƙarƙashin TLD ya ragu da 9.1%. An kunna Yarjejeniyar Samun Bayanai ta Rijista don yankunan .amsterdam a cikin Yuli 2019.
Malik Ado-Ibrahim
Yarima Malik Ado-Ibrahim (an haife shi 22 Disamba 1960) ɗan kasuwan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan siyasa. A shekarar 1999 yana da shekaru 38, ya zama baƙar fata na farko mai haɗin gwiwa na Arrows, ƙungiyar da ke sarrafa kashi 70% na hannun jari na Formula One. Shi ne ɗan Ohinoyi na Ebiraland na uku, Ado Ibrahim. Ya yi karatu a Ingila da Amurka. Shi ne ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar YPP a zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya a 2023. `
Rayuwa ta sirri
A cikin 2020, an ruwaito Ibrahim ya auri Adama Indimi, ɗiyar hamshaƙin attajirin Najeriya kuma mai bayar da agaji, Mohammed Indimi.
Sana'ar siyasa
A watan Yunin 2022, Ibrahim ya zama ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar matasa (YPP) a zaɓen 2023 na Najeriya da ƙuri'u 66, inda ya doke abokin hamayyarsa Ruby Issac, wanda ya samu ƙuri'u 4.
Sai dai bai samu nasarar lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa ba a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2023, zaɓen shugaban ƙasa.
Kwallon kafa a Mozambique
Hukumar kula da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mozambique ce ke gudanar da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar Mozambik. Hukumar ce ke gudanar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, da kuma na kasa. Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shi ne mafi shaharar wasanni a ƙasar.
Tarihi
Tun bayan zuwan Vasco da Gama a shekara ta 1498 Turawan Portugal suka ƙara ƙarfafa zamansu a ƙasar har zuwa lokacin da Mozambique ta samu 'yancin kai daga Portugal a shekara ta 1975, lokacin da ƙasar ta zama 'yan mulkin mallaka na Portugal. Har wa yau, saboda haka, ƙwallon ƙafa a Mozambique yana da alaƙa da asalinsa da alaƙar sa na Portuguese, misali ta wani ɓangare na tsohon, wani ɓangare har yanzu ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa na ƙungiyoyin Portugal Sporting Lisbon da Benfica. Har ila yau, 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Mozambique da yawa suna wasa a Portugal. Mafi shahararren misali na iya zama Eusébio. Ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a shekara ta 1957 a Clube de Desportos do Maxaquene, wanda aka kafa a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1920 a babban birnin Mozambique a matsayin kulob reshe na shida na Sporting Lisbon. Daga 1960 Eusébio sannan ya taka leda a Benfica, inda ya zama zakaran Portuguese sau goma sha ɗaya kuma 1962 na gasar zakarun Turai (yanzu UEFA Champions League ) ya ci. Ya zama gwarzon ɗan ƙwallon Turai a shekara ta 1965 kuma shine ya fi zura ƙwallaye a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1966.
Igbariam
Igbariam ƙauyen ƙauye ne, yana cikin karamar hukumar Anambra ta Gabas, jihar Anambra￼￼.Ana kuma kiranta da masarautar Okalakwu.
Brad pitt
William Bradley Pitt (an haife shi Disamba 18, 1963) ɗan wasan Amurka ne kuma mai shirya fina-finai. Shi ne wanda ya karɓi lambobin yabo daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Academy guda biyu, lambar yabo ta Fim ta Burtaniya guda biyu, lambar yabo ta Golden Globe guda biyu, da lambar yabo ta Emmy Award. A matsayinsa na ɗan jama'a, an ambaci Pitt a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi da tasiri a cikin masana'antar nishaɗi ta Amurka.
Kwallon kafa a Mozambique
Tarihi
A shekara ta 1975, Mozambique ta sami 'yancin kai daga Portugal, kuma a cikin 1976 an kafa Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Jamhuriyar Mozambique. Tun daga wannan lokacin, FMF ke jagorantar kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a ƙasar kuma ke da alhakin kula da ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa.
Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa
Hakkin mallakar ƙasa ko haƙƙin mallaka (cf. mallaka ) galibi ana sanya shi a zaman haƙƙin ɗan adam ga mutane na asali game da abubuwan da suka mallaka. Tabbatar da haƙƙin mallaka na sirri an same shi da wuya kuma yawanci ana takura shi gwargwadon yadda yanayin ƙasa mallakar halattaccen doka ne (watau ƙungiyoyi) da kuma inda ake amfani da shi don samarwa maimakon amfani. An yarda da haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa a cikin Mataki na 17 na Sanarwar ofan Adam na Duniya, to amma ba a yarda da shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar kasa ta Duniya game da Hakkokin yan Adam da Siyasa ko Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta Duniya game da 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu. Yarjejeniyar Turai game da 'Yancin Dan Adam, kuma a cikin ladabi na 1, labarin 1, ta yarda da haƙƙin mutane na halitta da na shari'a don "jin daɗin abin da yake da shi cikin lumana", dangane da "mahimmancin sha'awa ko don tabbatar da biyan haraji".
Brad pitt
Pitt ya fara samun karɓuwa a matsayin ɗan wasan kawaye a cikin fim ɗin hanyar Ridley Scott Thelma & Louise (1991). Matsayinsa na farko na jagora a cikin manyan ayyukan kasafin kuɗi ya zo tare da fina-finai na wasan kwaikwayo A River Runs through It (1992) da Legends of the Fall (1994), da fim ɗin ban tsoro Interview with the Vampire (1994). Ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo masu ban sha'awa a cikin David Fincher's thriller Seven (1995) da kuma fim ɗin almara na kimiyya 12 Birai (1995). Wannan karshen ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumin Tallafawa da nadin nasa na farko na Award Academy.
Igbariam
Makarantu a Igbariam
Chuwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus
Al 'ummar dake firamari sukul, Igbariam
Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa
Afirka
The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) protects the right to property most explicitly in Article 14, stating: The right to property shall be guaranteed. It may only be encroached upon in the interest of public need or in the general interest of the community and in accordance with the provisions of appropriate laws. A takaice zamu iya cewa mallakar ƙasa an ƙara amincewa da shi a cikin Mataki na 13 na ACHPR, wanda ya bayyana cewa kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da haƙƙin shiga ciki Amman da yardar ransa a cikin mulkin ƙasarsa, da 'yancin samun dama daidai da aiyukan gwamnati da kuma "' yancin samun dukiyoyin jama'a da aiyuka a cikakken daidaito na kowa a gaban doka ". Mataki na ashirin da daya 21 na ACHPR ya amince da 'yancin dukkan mutane don' yardar da dukiyoyinsu da albarkatun kasa sannan kuma za a yi amfani da wannan damar don biyan bukatun mutane, wadanda ba za a taresu da wannan 'yancin ba. Mataki na ashirin da 21 ya kuma tanadi cewa "idan harbi ya tashi mutanen da aka kora suna da ikon kwato dukiyoyinsu ta hanyar da ta dace da kuma biyan su diyya yadda ya kamata".
Brad pitt
Pitt ya sami babban nasarar kasuwanci tare da tauraro a cikin fim ɗin heist na Steven Soderbergh na Ocean's Eleven (2001), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin abubuwan da ya biyo baya. Ya tabbatar da matsayinsa na jagora wanda ke yin tauraro a cikin blockbusters kamar almara na tarihi Troy (2004), fim ɗin laifin soyayya Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), fim ɗin tsoro na Yaƙin Duniya na Z (2013), da fim ɗin aikin Bullet Train (2005). 2022). Pitt ya kuma yi tauraro a cikin fitattun fina-finan Fight Club (1999), Babel (2006), Kisan Jesse James ta matsoraci Robert Ford (2007), Burn Bayan Karatu (2008), Basterds mai ban sha'awa (2009), Bishiyar Rayuwa. (2011), da Babban Short (2015). Pitt ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award saboda ayyukansa a cikin The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) da Moneyball (2011), kuma ya ci lambar yabo ta Academy don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Taimakawa don buga stuntman a Sau ɗaya a Lokaci a Hollywood (2019).
Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa
Amurka
When the text of the UDHR was negotiated, other states in the Americas argued that the right to property should be limited to the protection of private property necessary for subsistence. Their suggestion was opposed, but was enshrined in the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, which was negotiated at the same time and adopted one year before the UDHR in 1948. Article 23 of the declaration states: Every Person has the right to own such private property as meets the essential needs of decent living and helps to maintain the dignity of the individual and of the home.Ma'anar haƙƙin mallaki yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi daga ra'ayoyin Yammacin duniya game da haƙƙin mallaka, amma saboda haƙƙin mallaka ya bambanta da yawa a cikin tsarin doka daban-daban bai yiwu a kafa ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa game da haƙƙin mallaka ba. tsarin kungiyoyihaƙƙin ɗan adam na yanki na Turai, Afirka da Amurka sun yarda da haƙƙin kare dukiya zuwa matakai daban-daban.
Brad pitt
A cikin 2001, Pitt ya kafa kamfanin samarwa Plan B Entertainment. Ya samar da The Departed (2006), 12 Years a Slave (2013), da Moonlight (2016), duk wanda ya lashe Academy Award for Best Hoto, yayin da wasu kamar The Tree of Life (2011), Moneyball (2011), An zabi Selma (2014), da The Big Short (2015) don kyautar.
Enwang
Enwaang Oron garine kuma babban birnin dake karamar hukumar Mbo a jihar Akwa Ibom sitet cikin Najeriya.
Brad pitt
Shekaru da dama, kafafen yada labarai daban-daban suna ambatonsa a matsayin mutumin da ya fi kowa sha’awa a duniya, kuma abin da ya shafi rayuwarsa shi ne abin yabo. An sake shi daga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Jennifer Aniston da Angelina Jolie. Pitt yana da 'ya'ya shida tare da Jolie, uku daga cikinsu an ɗauke su a duniya.
Farkon rayuwa
An haifi William Bradley Pitt a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1963, a Shawnee, Oklahoma, zuwa ga William Alvin Pitt, ma'abucin kamfanin jigilar kaya, da Jane Etta (née Hillhouse), mai ba da shawara a makaranta. Ba da daɗewa ba dangin suka ƙaura zuwa Springfield, Missouri, inda ya zauna tare da ƙannensa, Douglas Mitchell (an haife shi 1966) da Julie Neal (an haife shi 1969). An haife shi a cikin gidan Kirista masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, ya girma a matsayin Baftisma na Kudancin kuma daga baya ya “scillate [d] tsakanin agnosticism da atheism.” Daga baya ya daidaita imaninsa ga ruhi. Pitt ya bayyana Springfield a matsayin "Ƙasar Mark Twain, ƙasar Jesse James," kasancewar ya girma tare da " tudu da yawa, tafkuna masu yawa."
Pitt ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Kickapoo, inda ya kasance memba na golf, ninkaya, da kungiyoyin wasan tennis. Ya shiga cikin kulake na Key da Forensics na makarantar, a cikin muhawarar makaranta, da kuma a cikin kida. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare, Pitt ya shiga Jami'ar Missouri a cikin 1982, yana yin aikin jarida tare da mai da hankali kan talla. Yayin da kammala karatun ya gabato, Pitt bai shirya ya zauna ba. Ya ƙaunaci fina-finai-"wani hanyar shiga cikin duniya daban-daban a gare ni" - kuma, tun da ba a yi fina-finai a Missouri ba, ya yanke shawarar zuwa inda aka yi su. Bayan makonni biyu da kammala karatun digiri, Pitt ya bar jami'a kuma ya koma Los Angeles, inda ya ɗauki darussan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya yi ayyuka marasa kyau. Ya nada Gary Oldman, Sean Penn, da Mickey Rourke a matsayin jarumawansa na farko.
Igbariam
Makarantu a Igbariam
Onede firamari sukul, Igbariam
Manoman da suke zaune firamari Sukul, Igbariam
Sabon Makarantar era firamari Igbariam
Fraternita Nursery da firamariSukul, Igbariam
De Sophia Pitch Academy, Igbariam
Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa
Amurka
The American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) recognises the right to protection of property, including the right to "just compensation". The ACHR also prohibits usury and other exploitation, which is unique amongst human rights instruments. Article 21 of the ACHR states: (1) Everyone has the right to the use and enjoyment of his property. The law may subordinate such use and enjoyment to the interest of society. (2) No one shall be deprived of his property except upon payment of just compensation, for reasons of public utility or social interest, and in the cases and according to the forms established by law.
Ɗanladi Sanusi-Maiyamba
Malam Ɗanladi Sanusi-Maiyamba a lafazin magana shi ne Mai Tangale na 16 na masarautar Tangale. Ya hau karagar mulki kwanaki 52 bayan rasuwar Dr. Abdu Buba Maisheru II, Mai Tangale na 15. Gwamnan jihar Gombe ne ya naɗa shi bisa la’akari da dokar masarautar Gombe tare da tuntuɓar ‘yan majalisa.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Malam Ɗanladi Sanusi Maiyamba a ranar 12 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1966, a ƙaramar hukumar Billiri ta jihar Gombe. Ya tafi makarantar firamare ta Billiri inda ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na firamare. Bayan haka, ya wuce makarantar jeka ka dawo, ta barikin sojoji da ke Yola inda ya samu shaidar kammala sakandare a shekarar 1984. Ya yi karatunsa na jami'a a Federal Polytechnic Bauchi inda ya yi digiri a fannin harkokin gwamnati.
Sana'a
Ɗanladi Sanusi-Maiyamba ma'aikacin gwamnati ne wanda ya yi aiki a sassa da dama na gwamnati. Ya yi aiki a Ministry of Education Bauchi daga shekarar 1987 zuwa 1996.
Ya kasance a Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Shari’a da ke Gombe a tsakanin shekarar 2005 zuwa 2011 sannan ya bar aiki a Hukumar Ma’aikata ta Ƙaramar Hukumar daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2016. A shekarar 2016 ya bar ƙaramar hukumar inda ya zama mai muƙami a ma’aikatar kiwon dabbobi da al’amuran makiyaya wanda ya kai har shekara ta 2018. A cikin wannan shekarar ne ya samu ganawa da Hukumar Hidima ta Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe wadda ta kasance har zuwa ranar da ya hau karagar mulki.
Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa
Turai
Kasashe masu tattalin arziki na duniya dake da albarkatu da dama After failed attempts to include the right to protection of property in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), European states enshrined the right to protection of property in Article 1 of Protocol I to the ECHR as the "right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions", where the right to protection of property is defined as such: (1) Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law. (2) The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.Saboda haka, dokar ta kare hakkin dan adam ta Turai ta amince da 'yancin cin moriyar dukiya cikin lumana, ta sanya sanya wasu abubuwan a karkashin wasu sharudda kuma ta yarda cewa jihohi na iya daidaita' yancin mallakar kadarorin cikin lumana da na jama'a. Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta fassara "mallaka" don haɗawa da ba kawai abubuwan da bza'a iya gani ba domin akwai abubuwan da basu ganuwa har ma da bukatun tattalin arziki, yarjejeniyoyin kwangila tare da ƙimar tattalin arziki, da'awar biyan diyya a kan ƙasa da ƙararrakin da suka shafi dokar jama'a kamar su fansho. Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan-Adam ta tabbatar da cewa' yancin mallakar abu ba cikakke ba ne kuma jihohi na da cikakkiyar damar takaita 'yancin. Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar haƙƙin mallaka a matsayin haƙƙi mai sassauƙa fiye da sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam. Ma'ana jihohi nada hankali ta bayyana a cikin Handyside v. United Kingdom, wacce Kotun Turai na 'Yancin Dan Adam ta saurara a 1976. Sanannun kararraki inda Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta sami haƙƙin mallakar dukiya sun haɗa da Sporrong da Lonnroth v. Sweden, da aka ji a cikin shekaru 1982, inda dokar Sweden ta adana kadarori a ƙarƙashin barazanar ƙwace ta na tsawan lokaci. Da hakan ke nuna cewa duk Wanda ya karya doka zai gamu da fushin gwamnati Mafi girman diyyar tattalin arziki bayan hukuncin da Kotun Strasbourg ta yanke a kan wannan batun an ba shi (Yuro miliyan 1,3) idan Beyeler v. Italiya.
Indiya
A Indiya haƙƙin mallaka (Mataki na 31) na ɗaya daga cikin haƙƙoƙin ɗan ƙasa na ɗan ƙasa har zuwa 1978, kuma ya zama haƙƙin doka ta hanyar Sauye-sauye na 44 ga Tsarin Mulki a cikin 1978. Gwamnatin Morarji Desai ce ta gabatar da kwaskwarimar a wani bangare na manufofin sake fasalin kasa. A cikin 2020, Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta bayyana cewa, duk da cewa haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa ba ya cikin haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa na ɗan ƙasa, ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin ɗayan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da Tsarin Mulki ya yi alkawarinsa. Kotun Koli ta kuma yanke hukuncin cewa jihohi ba za su iya mallakar gonaki daban-daban ba sai dai idan akwai ingantaccen tsarin doka.
Taron kasa da kasa
Hakanan an yarda da haƙƙin mallaka a Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta kawar da duk nau'ikan nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya bayyana a cikin Mataki na 5 cewa kowa yana da 'yancin daidaito a gaban doka ba tare da nuna bambancin launin fata, launin fata da asalin ƙasa ko ƙabila ba, gami da "' yancin mallakar dukiya shi kadai haka nan kuma cikin tarayya da wasu "da" 'yancin cin gado ". Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da duk wasu nau'ikan nuna wariya ga Mata ta amince da hakkin mallakar a cikin Mataki na 16, wanda ya tanadi 'yanci iri daya ga duk ma'aurata su mallaki su, mallakar su, gudanar da su, gudanar da su, jindadin su a bisa ƙa'idojin da auka dace domin bin doka da oda da kuma Mataki na 15, wanda ya tabbatar da yancin mata don kammala kwangila. hakkokin Hakanan an sanya haƙƙin mallaka a cikin Yarjejeniyar Dangane da Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Yarjejeniyar kan Kare Hakkokin Duk Ma'aikatan Baƙi da Man Uwalansu. Waɗannan kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa don tsiraru ba sa kafa keɓaɓɓen haƙƙin mallaka, amma suna hana nuna bambanci dangane da haƙƙin mallaka inda aka tabbatar da irin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.
Sang Ndong
Sang Ndong manajan kwallon kafar Gambia ne kuma tsohon dan wasa. Ya kasance dan wasa mai himma a cikin tawagar kasar Gambia a 1984 kuma ya buga akalla wasanni biyu a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 1986.
Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa
Alakarsa da wasu hakkoki
Hakkin mallakar kadara ya kasance muhimmiyar bukata a farkon neman 'yanci na siyasa da daidaito da kuma adawa da mallakar dukiya. Dukiya na iya zama tushen tushen haƙƙoƙin da ke tabbatar da tabbatar da haƙƙin samun daidaituwar rayuwa kuma masu mallakar ne kawai waɗanda aka fara ba su haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da na siyasa, kamar haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a. Saboda ba kowa bane ya mallaki dukiya, an sanya haƙƙin yin aiki don bawa kowa damar samun ingantacciyar rayuwa. A yau, nuna bambanci a kan mallakar mallakar ƙasa ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin babban haɗari ga daidaitaccen jin daɗin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta kowane ɗayan kuma ba da nuna bambanci ba a cikin kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa galibi sun haɗa da dukiya a matsayin ƙasa bisa tushen abin da aka hana nuna bambanci ( duba haƙƙin daidaito a gaban doka ). Kariyar kadarori masu zaman kansu na iya zuwa cikin rikici da haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu da haƙƙin jama'a da siyasa, kamar 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Don rage wannan, haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa an taƙaita shi don kare maslaha ta jama'a. Yawancin jihohi kuma suna kula da tsarin mallakar jama'a da kuma gama gari. Hakkin mallakar hoto an yi la’akari da shi a matsayin hana haƙƙin ɗan adam ga kowa, ta hanyar misali bautar da amfani da wasu. Rashin rarraba dukiya ba sau da yawa yana bin layi ne na jinsi, launin fata da 'yan tsiraru, saboda haka haƙƙoƙin mallaka na iya zama wani ɓangare na matsalar, maimakon a matsayin ribar da ta cancanci kariya. Hakkokin mallaka sun kasance a tsakiyar muhawarar 'yancin ɗan adam game da sake fasalin ƙasa, dawowar kayan tarihi na al'adu da masu tarawa da wuraren adana kayan tarihi ga' yan asalin ƙasar da kuma sanannen ikon mallakar jama'a game da albarkatun ƙasa.
Tarihi
A Turai, Dokar Roman ta ayyana dukiya a matsayin "haƙƙin amfani da cin zarafin nasa a cikin iyakar doka" - jus utendi et abutendi re suâ, guatenus juris ratio patitur. Abu na biyu, salus populi suprema lex esto, ko “amincin mutane zai kasance babbar doka,” an tsara shi tun farkon Dokar Tebur goma sha biyu. Anyi bayani game da ra'ayi na kadarori masu zaman kansu da kuma haƙƙin mallaka a cikin Renaissance kamar yadda cinikin ƙasa da ƙasa na 'yan kasuwa ya haifar da ra'ayoyin jari-hujja. A cikin Turai a ƙarni na 16, Lutheranism da Furotesta masu Gyarawa sun haɓaka haƙƙin mallaka ta amfani da kalmomin Littafi Mai Tsarki. A'idodin aikin Furotesta da ra'ayoyi game da ƙaddarar mutum ya zo ne don yin la'akari da ra'ayoyin zamantakewar al'umma a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa na jari hujja a farkon Turai ta zamani. Hakki na mallakar keɓaɓɓu ya zama babbar neman haƙƙin ɗan adam ta hanyar ganin ƙasa a cikin ƙarni na 17 na juyin juya halin Turai, amma a ƙarni na 18 da 19 haƙƙin mallaka a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam ya zama mai tsananin gaske rigima.
English yakin basasa
Hujjojin da Matsakaitan suka gabatar yayin Yakin Basasa na Ingilishi kan mallakar ƙasa da haƙƙin jama'a da siyasa, kamar haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a, sun ba da sanarwar muhawara ta gaba a wasu ƙasashe. Matakan matakin sun fito a matsayin motsi na siyasa a tsakiyar karni na 17th Ingila a bayan Gyarawar Furotesta. Sun yi imani da cewa dukiyar da aka aikata a matsayin da 'ya'yan daya ta aiki yake da tsarki a karkashin Littafi Mai Tsarki umarnin "ka za ka yi sata". Saboda haka, sun yi imani da cewa haƙƙin mallakar dukiya daga aikin mutum yana da tsarki. Ra'ayoyin masu matakin game da haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa da haƙƙin hana su mallaka a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da na siyasa an haɓaka su ta hanyar ɗan littafin rubutu Richard Overton. A cikin "Kibiya a kan dukkan Azzalumai" (1646), Overton yayi jayayya:"Ga kowane mutum a yanayi ana ba shi kadarorin mutum ta ɗabi'ar kada kowa ya mamaye shi ko kwace shi. Ga kowane mutum, kamar yadda shi kansa yake, don haka yana da cancantar kansa, in ba haka ba zai iya zama kansa ba; kuma daga wannan babu na biyu da zai iya yin almundahana ba tare da bayyana keta doka da cin fuska ga ƙa'idodin yanayin ƙa'idodin daidaito da adalci tsakanin mutum da mutum ba. Naka da naka ba za su iya zama ba, sai dai wannan. Babu wani mutum da ke da iko a kan hakkina da ‘yancina, ni kuma ba ni da wani mutum."Ra'ayoyin masu matakin, wadanda suka ji daɗin tallafi tsakanin ƙananan masu mallakar ƙasa da masu sana'a, duk ɓangarorin juyin juya halin Yakin Basasar Ingilishi bai raba su ba. A taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1647, Oliver Cromwell da Henry Ireton sun yi jayayya game da daidaita hakkin rai da haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa. Sun yi jayayya cewa yin hakan zai tabbatar da 'yancin daukar duk abin da mutum ke so, ba tare da la'akari da hakkin wasu ba. Leveler Thomas Rainborough ya amsa, yana dogaro da hujjojin Overton, cewa masu matakin sun buƙaci girmama haƙƙin wasu na wasu. Ma'anar dukiya da kuma ko an same ta a matsayin 'yar aikin mutum kuma a matsayin irin wannan' yancin na dabi'a ya gamu da mahawara mai karfi saboda 'yancin kada kuri'a ya dogara ne da mallakar dukiya. 'Yancin siyasa a lokacin yana da alaƙa da mallakar ƙasa da kuma' yancin kai na mutum. Cromwell da Ireton sun tabbatar da cewa mallakar ƙasa kawai a cikin ƙasa mai 'yanci ko haƙƙin kasuwanci da aka ba ɗan adam damar yin zaɓe. Sun yi jayayya cewa wannan nau'in mallakar mallakar ya zama "gungumen azaba a cikin al'umma", wanda ke baiwa maza damar samun ikon siyasa. Akasin haka, Levellers sun yi jayayya cewa duk maza waɗanda ba bayi ba, masu karɓar sadaka ko mabarata ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin masu mallaka kuma a ba su haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a. Sun yi imani cewa 'yanci ne kawai za su iya tabbatar da' yanci na siyasa, kamar masu sana'a, shiga cikin harkokin tattalin arziki mai zaman kansa.