cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Loreto High School
Makarantar Sakandare ta Loreto Limuru ita ce makarantar 'yan mata ta ƙasa da ke cikin tsaunukan Limuru, gundumar Kiambu, Kenya ta Tsakiya. Tana da kusan kilomita 28 (mil 17) daga babban birnin Nairobi, Kenya. A ranar 4 ga Disamba 1936, Loreto Limuru High School ta buɗe ƙofofinta ga ɗalibanta na farko.
Tarihi
Waɗanda suka kafa makarantar su ne Sisters of Loreto, waɗanda suka zo daga Ireland zuwa Kenya a shekarar 1921 a matsayin mishan na Katolika don inganta damar ilimi ga ƴan mata a yankin. Asalin hangen nesan waɗanda suka kafa makarantar shi ne ilmantar da ƴan matan Afirka waɗanda a wancan lokacin aka hana su ƴancin samun ilimi. Majagaba a wannan makaranta ’yan’uwa mata ne S.M. Dolores Stafford, S.M. Theresa Joseph O'Sullivan da kuma S.M. Veronica Bradley asalin Sun yi imani, kamar yadda Mary Ward, wanda ya kafa Loreto Sisters a shekarar alif da ɗari shida da tara, 1609, ta yi imani cewa ta hanyar ilimi "Mata a lokaci mai zuwa za su yi yawa". Bisa ga wannan hangen nesa, a yau an ba da shawarar cewa makarantar ta zaburar da mutane irin su Wangari Maathai, wanda ya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel don kare muhalli. Aikin farko na ’yan uwa mata shi ne shirya ’yan matan da za su yi jarrabawar firamare. Sun fara da 'yan mata bakwai. Duk da haka, saboda tsananin sanyi da hazo, 'yan matan sun bace cikin dare. Daga baya, 'yan matan sun dawo kuma a cikin shekarar alif da ɗari tara da talatin da takwas, 1938 'yan mata hudu sun yi jarrabawar farko kuma suka fara horon koyarwa.
An fara karatun sakandare na farko a shekarar alif da ɗari tara da arba'in da bakwai, 1947. Dalibai biyu na farko, Mary Sekunda Wanjiru da Merioth Wairimu, sun ci jarrabawar babbar jami'a ta Cambridge. Wannan shi ne farkon tarihin ƙwararru a jarrabawar jama'a, wanda har yanzu yana ci gaba a Loreto. A halin yanzu, makarantar tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyuka a cikin ƙasar a cikin ayyukan da suka dace kamar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, wasan hockey da ƙari. Akwai kuma bikin waƙa da ake gudanarwa a makarantar. A cikin shekarar 1956, an shigar da rafi biyu. Akwai 'yan mata tsakanin 20 zuwa 26 a kowane aji. A cikin shekarar 1958, Loreto an kasafta shi azaman Makaranta ta ƙasa, matsayin da har yanzu take riƙe. A cikin shekarar 1970, an ba Loreto izinin fara ajin fasaha na "A Level", kuma a cikin shekarar 1981 an ba makarantar ilimin kimiyya "A level", tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an sami saurin faɗaɗa abubuwan da ake da su, da sauya tsoffin gine-gine a hankali, da kafa sabbin abubuwan more rayuwa.
Mieldes
Mieldes tana ɗaya daga cikin majalisun majami'u 54 a Cangas del Narcea, kuma ta kasance wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin lardin da kuma yankin Asturias mai cin gashin kansa, a arewacin Spain.
John Bird (MEP)
John AW Bird (6 Fabrairu 1926 - 18 Nuwamba 1997). ɗan siyasa ne a Biritaniya wanda ya rike matsayin Memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP).
Ƙuruciya
An haife shi a Wolverhampton, Bird ya sami horo a matsayin injiniya. Yayi aikin sojan kasa tare da dakarun sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, sannan ya koya a Wolverhampton Polytechnic.
Siyasa
Bird ya kasance ɗan ƙungiyar kasuwanci na tsawon lokaci.A matsayinsa na shugaban Council, ya jagoranci karɓo kuɗaɗen Wolverhampton Wanderers FC a shekarar 1986.
An zaɓi Bird zuwa Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a zaben fidda gwani na 1987, don wakiltar mazabar Midlands West.
Sashen Wasa Da Kamun Kifi Na Uganda
Sashen Wasa da Kamun Kifi na Uganda shi ne jagorar hukumar kiyaye namun daji na Hukumar Kare na Uganda. An hade ta cikin Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Uganda a cikin 1996.
Gail Carson Levine ne adam wata
Rayuwar farko
Levine ta girma a cikin New York City,New York. Ta yaba wa iyayenta David da Sylvia saboda ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙirƙira.Mahaifinta,wanda yarinta a cikin mafakar marayu na Ibrananci na New York ya ba da wahayi ga labarinta Dave a Dare,ya mallaki gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasuwanci,kuma mahaifiyarta malami ce wacce ta rubuta wasan kwaikwayo don ɗalibanta su yi.Yayanta,Rani, wadda ta kai shekara biyar,ta zama mai zane.
Sashen Wasa Da Kamun Kifi Na Uganda
Masu gadi
Asalin Darakta a Sashen shi ne Mai Gadi sannan daga bisani ya kasance Babban Mai Gadi. Charles Pitman ya rike mukamin daga 1924 har sai da Bruce Kinloch ya maye gurbinsa a 1951.
Gail Carson Levine ne adam wata
Rayuwar farko
Lokacin yaro,Levine ya karanta sosai;Littafin da ta fi so shine James M. Barrie's Peter Pan,kuma ta kuma ji daɗin ayyukan Louisa May Alcott da LM Montgomery. Da farko ta yi burin zama ’yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai zane-zane,kuma ta shiga cikin rukunin wasan kwaikwayo kafin ta rasa sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo.
A 1967,ta auri David Levine.Ta yi digiri a fannin falsafa a Kwalejin Birnin New York, inda ta sami BA a 1969. Ta shafe shekaru 27 masu zuwa tana aiki da gwamnatin jihar New York,musamman a matsayin mai kula da jin dadin jama'a, tana taimaka wa mutane samun ayyukan yi. Hakanan tana da Airedale Terrier mai suna Reggie.
Sana'ar rubutu
Bayan da ta ɗauki aji a rubuce-rubuce da kwatanta wa yar,Levine ta gano cewa tana jin daɗin rubutu fiye da kwatanta. Don haka a cikin 1987,ta fara rubutawa,amma a cikin shekaru tara masu zuwa,an ƙi duk rubuce-rubucenta. A wannan lokacin ta dauki karatun rubuce-rubuce kuma ta shiga kungiyoyin marubuta.Da take bimbini a kan abubuwan da ta faru,Levine ta ce “waɗannan shekarun sun kasance cikin farin ciki na.Ina koyan rubutu."
Littafinta na farko da aka buga shine Ella Enchanted,wanda HarperTrophy ya karɓa don bugawa.Levine ta tuna,"Wannan ranar,17 ga Afrilu,1996,ita ce ɗaya daga cikin mafi farin ciki a rayuwata." An buga littafin a cikin 1997,kuma a cikin 1998,ya sami karramawa na Sabuwar Bery. Daga baya zai zama wahayi ga fim ɗin 2004 mai suna iri ɗaya.Nasarar Ella Enchanted ya sa Levine ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati kuma ya ci gaba da rubuta cikakken lokaci.
Littafin labari na gaba na Levine, Dave at Night, ya sami wahayi ne ta hanyar sha'awarta game da abubuwan da mahaifinta ya fuskanta a rayuwa a cikin gidan marayu. Levine ta ce, “Na yi nawa tsarin yarinta na mahaifina. Gabaɗaya almara ce, amma ina tsammanin halin Dave ya ɗan yi kama da mahaifina. Kuma ina ganin cewa abota, da tsananin cudanya, a tsakanin samarin, dole ne ya kasance kusa da abin da ya faru.” Ga littafinta mai zuwa, The Wish, littafi game da shahara a makarantar sakandare, Levine, wanda ya tsallake digiri na takwas, dole ne ya yi bincike: "Na yi kwana ɗaya ina bin aji na takwas a kusa, kuma na yi tambayoyi da yawa. Na kuma yi hira da yara da yawa game da abubuwan sha'awa, azuzuwan su, ra'ayoyinsu kan shahara da rayuwa"
Mutanen Kilba
Kilba ƙabila ce a cikin Ƙaramar hukumar Hong ta jihar Adamawa (tsohuwar jihar Gongola) a Najeriya.
Tarihi
A da, Höba ya zauna a cikin manyan al'ummomin tsaunukan dangi. Waɗannan garuruwan sun haɗa da Pella, Gwaja, Hong, Kulinyi, Garaha, Bangshika, Miljili, Gaya-jaba, Gaya-maki, Gaya-skalmi, Gaya-gou, Gaya Fa'a, Gaya Jabba, Ndlang, Hyama, Kinking, Motaku, Kwapor, Za da Zivi, duk a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Hong ta yanzu. Mountainungiyoyin tsaunuka na garin Höba kowannensu ya kasance ƙarƙashin "Töl köra ma" (Sarkin al'umman dutsen). "Köra ma" yana nufin "saman dutse". Ana kuma kiran Töl da "ttle", wanda ke nufin Sarki. Musamman Töl saboda haka, an san shi da sunan danginsa. Kowane ɗayan al'ummomin tsaunukan sun haɗu da ƙauyuka da yawa. Waɗannan ƙauyuka suna da hanyar sadarwarsu. Suna da takamaiman hanyoyin yin komai, kuma rayuwa ta kasance mai sassauƙa da jin daɗi. Töl köra ma ya kasance mai mulkin-addini tare. Yana da majalisar zartarwa wacce ta kunshi Yaduma, Midala, Bira'ol, Kadagimi, Kadala, Dzarma da Batari, ya danganta da yankin. Kowannensu yana da kayil na hukuma. Kabet na duk Töls har yanzu suna da hali iri ɗaya. Höba ƙabila ce mai babbar runduna. Sun kasance masu magana kuma suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na yin abubuwa da kuma samun abubuwa. Höba ƙabila ce mai cikakken haɗin kai. Bayan karni na 18 miladiyya, Dr. Henry Barth (1965) (wani bajamushe matafiyi) ya sami kan Höba yayin tafiyarsa.
Tsarin siyasa
Furaya daga cikin Furkudol yana kawo Höba, a cikin al'ummomin tsaunuka daban-daban na dangi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsakiya ɗaya a wancan lokacin. A cikin rahoton da Dr. Barth ya bayar game da balaguron nasa, ya rubuta cewa Höba "kyakkyawan tsari ne na arna wanda ba shi da na biyu a Yammacin Sudan". Bugu da kari, ya ambaci cewa wannan masarauta "ta yi kama da ta tsohuwar Misira ko mulkin Turai na zamani. An raba masarautar gida biyu wacce aka tura mambobin dangi masu mulki don gudanar da su a matsayin gwamnoni ". Ya kuma ambaci cewa "Duk wata, su (gwamnoni da ministocin tsakiya) suna aikawa da rahoto zuwa ga Sarki don ƙarin umarnin ko yanke shawara na ƙarshe".
Waɗannan gwamnonin sune Yirmas da Shalls. Yirma ɗaya ne kawai daga Udong. Tun da yake akwai kuma har yanzu shi kansa ne, kawai ana kiransa Yirma. Gwamnoni suna cikin matsayi, tare da Yirma sune mafi girma a cikinsu, Udong shine wurin da muke kira Udong a yanzu. Gwamnatin Höba ta kasu kashi biyu, tare da Töl a matsayin mai cikakken mulki. Gwamnatin yankin ita ce ta Shalls da Yirma. Ginin tsakiya shine alhakin membobin majalisar Töls. Ministocin sun hada da masu zuwa:
Yaki tsakanin Höba da Fulani
Tun bayan da aka tabbatar da mulkin masarauta mun san daga tarihin gaba daya cewa karni na 19 ya kasance ana fama da yake-yake saboda jihadi da kuma fada da ake yi da Fulani inda bayanai suka nuna mana cewa ba a taba cin Hoba ba. Anyi ƙoƙari sosai don yin hakan. Höba, kodayake yana fama da yunwar yaƙi a wancan lokacin, kawai yana zuwa ne don fatattakar mazaunan Fulani tare da ƙwace dukiyoyinsu. Yayi kamanceceniya da Isra’ilawa na zamanin da, lokacin da suke ƙaura zuwa Alkawari daga Masar. Höba bai taɓa ƙarfafa nasarar su ba a ko'ina. Hanyar ta kasance mai mahimmanci sosai. Lokacin da ya bayyana cewa babu wata nasara tsakanin masu jihadi da Höba, dole ne a ayyana tsagaita wuta a ranakun kasuwa a Pella da Mbilla Kilba. Fulani da Höba sun halarci waɗannan ranakun kasuwa kyauta.
Wuri
Kilba da ke zaune a ƙaramar hukumar Hong suna cikin yankin tsakanin ƙananan hukumomi hudu: Gombi, Song, Mubi da Michika. Mis Nissen tayi kyakkyawan bayanin wurin da yankin Kilba yake a cikin littafinta,
BMW 7 Series G11
BMW 7 Series G11/G12, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2015 kuma har yanzu yana samarwa, ya wakilci kololuwar manyan sedans na BMW, yana kafa sabbin ka'idoji don wadatar motoci, fasaha, da jin daɗin tuƙi. A matsayin ƙirar flagship, G11/G12 7 Series ya nuna sadaukarwar alamar don isar da matuƙar adon zartarwa. Jerin G11/G12 7 ya fito da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira na waje mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya shahara ta fitaccen ƙoshin koda, fitilolin fitillu, da layukan alheri. Dogayen bambance-bambancen wheelbase (G12) ya ba da ƙarin kayan aikin ƙafar ƙafa da wurin zama na baya, yana mai da shi zaɓin da aka fi so don jigilar kaya.
A ciki, G11/G12 7 Series ya rungumi fasinja a cikin daula na tsantsar alatu da natsuwa. Babban ɗakin ya ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai na hannu, kayan kwalliyar fata masu inganci, da ɗimbin abubuwa masu fa'ida, irin su wurin zama na Zauren Zaure da Panoramic Sky Lounge LED rufin.
Tsarin infotainment na iDrive 7.0 na ci gaba, tare da Sarrafa Gesture da Umurnin Taimako na BMW, sun canza gidan zuwa cikin oasis na dijital, yayin da Bowers & Wilkins Diamond Surround Sound System ya ba da ƙwarewar sauti mara misaltuwa.
Jerin G11/G12 7 ya ba da ɗimbin zaɓuɓɓukan injuna masu ƙarfi da inganci, kowanne an haɗa su tare da watsawa ta atomatik mai sauri takwas mai hankali don ƙwarewar tuƙi mara kyau. Bambancin nau'in toshe-in (740e) ya ba da madadin sanin yanayin muhalli ba tare da yin lahani akan aiki ba.
Tsaro a cikin G11/G12 7 Series ya kasance mafi mahimmanci, tare da ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ci-gaban tsarin taimakon direba da fasalulluka na aminci. Ƙwararrun Mataimakin Tuki da ke akwai, Mataimakiyar Kiliya Plus, da Keɓaɓɓen Kiliya na Nesa sun nuna sadaukarwar BMW ga kariyar fasinja da dacewa.
Jerin G11/G12 7 ya isar da tafiya mai nisa kuma mai tsafta, tare da dakatarwar iska da magudanar ruwa da ke tabbatar da tafiya mai santsi, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin hanya ba. Samuwar Tuƙi mai Aiki na Integral Active ya ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin motar da kwanciyar hankali yayin kusurwa.
Abu Loza's Bath
Abu Loza ta Bath ( حمام ابو لوزة  ), wanda ya kasance gurin wanka ne na Baturke mai tarihi a Saudiya. A wanka utilizes sulfur ma'adinai ruwa spring. Tana cikin ƙauyen Qatif Governorate.
Manazarta
26.56127°N, 49.9932°W<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"> 26.56127°N, 49.9932°W
Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Madagascar
Ana kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan adam a Madagascar ƙarƙashin tsarin mulkin ƙasa. Duk da haka, gwargwadon yadda irin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ke nunawa a aikace yana fuskantar muhawara. Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya lura da damuwa game da dakatar da ayyukan zabukan dimokuradiyya sakamakon rikicin siyasa na baya-bayan nan. Bugu da ƙari kuma, rahotannin cin hanci da rashawa, kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma bautar da yara sun nuna yadda al'amuran kare hakkin bil'adama ke yaduwa a kasar.
Kundin tsarin mulki da martani na doka
An amince da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madagascar a shekarar 2010. Yana magana akan ra'ayi na zaɓe na duniya, 'yancin ɗan adam da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.
Bokang Mothoana
Aikin kulob
Bokang Mothoana, wanda kuma ake yiwa lakabi da "lefty", ya fara da Likhopo Maseru a 2005. A cikin shekarar 2007, ya koma kulob ɗin Union Sportive Monstir a wani kuɗin da ba a san shi ba. Ya kasance cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 2 ta 2010-11 da maki hudu sannan kuma ya buga wasa a kungiyar da ke mataki na farko. Mothoana, dan wasa mai kafar hagu, sau da yawa yana taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya na hagu a cikin shekaru bakwai da ya yi a Tunisia.
Mothoana ya bar kulob ɗin US Monstir a lokacin rani na 2014 saboda tashe-tashen hankulan siyasa da ke gudana a Tunisiya. Ya yi atisaye na dan lokaci tare da tawagar kasar Lesotho a watan Yuni kafin ya yi gwajin rashin nasara tare da kulob din Supersport United FC na Afirka ta Kudu.
Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Madagascar
Kundin tsarin mulki da martani na doka
An zartar da dokoki game da mafi ƙarancin shekarun aiki da kuma haramcin aikin yara.
Bokang Mothoana
Aikin kulob
A farkon kakar 2016/17, Mothoana ya koma kulob ɗin Kick4Life, kulob din kwallon kafa na Lesotho da kuma mai rijistar sadaukar da kai ga canjin zamantakewa. A yanzu yana taka leda a matakin tsakiya na kai hare-hare, ya burge da zura kwallaye masu mahimmanci da kuma taimakawa yayin da kungiyar ta kare a mataki na 4 a gasar Premier ta Lesotho. An gane kokarin Mothoana a karshen bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na kakar wasa inda Daraktan Kwalejin kulob din ya nada shi Kick4Life player of the season.
Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Madagascar
Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya
Matsayin Madagascar game da yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil adama na kasa da kasa sune kamar haka.
Bokang Mothoana
Outside Football
A ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba 2017, Mothoana ya zama ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko daga Lesotho don shiga kulob ɗin Community goal, yana ɗaukar kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na kuɗin shiga don tallafawa kungiyoyin agaji na ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. An tabbatar da hakan a shafin kungiyar na Twitter jim kadan bayan haka.
Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Madagascar
Takaddama
Zarge-zargen da ake yi wa kafafen yada labarai sun taso ne saboda takunkumin da ake zargin gwamnatin kasar ta yi na yada labarai na adawa da gwamnati. A lokacin rikicin shugabanci, Ravalomanana ya ba da umarnin rufe "Viva TV", wanda abokin hamayyarsa Rajoelina ya mallaka.
Bokang Mothoana
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Tun a shekarar 2005, ya lashe kofuna 13 kuma ya zura kwallo daya a tawagar kwallon kafa ta kasar Lesotho.
Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Madagascar
Daidaito
An amince da zaben mata a hukumance a shekarar 1959. Duk da haka cin zarafin mata da fataucin mutane na ci gaba da zama wani batu a cikin al'umma.
Tsarin doka
Kasancewar manyan ka'idojin shari'a kamar bin doka da bin ka'ida, ana tambaya ne saboda karuwar kama-karya na son kai da siyasa yayin rikicin shugabanci. A watan Disamba 2014, jerin kayayyakin da ake samarwa da aikin yara suka nuna cewa yara a cikin ayyukan dila, ana yin sahryaring, da ruwan sanyi.
Talauci
Mutanen Madagascar suna fama da matsanancin talauci. Ya zuwa shekarar 2005, gabar tekun Gabashin kasar na da matsanancin talauci da ya kai kusan kashi 80% yayin da biranen ke da sama da kashi 50%. Fiye da kashi 20% na yawan jama'a suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin $11.25 kowace rana kuma sama da 80% na yawan jama'a akan ƙasa da $15.00 kowace rana kamar na shekarar 2010.
Kasar ta samu babban ci gaba a fannin karatu. Gabaɗaya, akwai alaƙa tsakanin ƙimar karatu da talauci. Idan an ci gaba da samun ci gaba na ƙara yawan masu karatu na Madagascan, ya kamata adadin talauci ya fara raguwa bi da bi.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cutar hanta (HBV) wacce ke shafar hanta; nau'in ciwon hanta ne. Yana iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani da na yau da kullun. Mutane da yawa ba su da alamun bayyanar cututtuka yayin kamuwa da cutar ta farko. A cikin m kamuwa da cuta, wasu na iya tasowa da sauri na rashin lafiya tare da amai, fata mai launin rawaya, gajiya, duhun fitsari da ciwon ciki. Sau da yawa waɗannan alamun suna ɗaukar makonni kaɗan kuma da wuya kamuwa da cuta ta farko ke haifar da mutuwa. Yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki 30 zuwa 180 don fara bayyanar cututtuka. A cikin wadanda suka kamu da cutar a kusa da lokacin haihuwa kashi 90 cikin 100 na kamuwa da cutar hanta na kullum wato Hepatitis B yayin da kasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na wadanda suka kamu da cutar bayan sun kai shekaru biyar suna kamuwa da cutar. Yawancin wadanda ke da cututtuka na yau da kullum ba su da alamun cututtuka; duk da haka, cirrhosis da ciwon hanta na iya tasowa daga ƙarshe. Cirrhosis ko ciwon hanta yana faruwa a cikin kusan kashi 25% na waɗanda ke fama da rashin lafiya.
Ana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar jini ko ruwan jiki. Kamuwa da cuta a kusa da lokacin haihuwa ko kuma ta hanyar saduwa da jinin wasu a lokacin ƙuruciya ita ce mafi yawan hanyar da ake samun ciwon hanta a wuraren da cutar ta zama ruwan dare. A wuraren da cutar ba kasafai ba, yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jijiya da jima'i sune hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta da yawa. Sauran abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da yin aiki a fannin kiwon lafiya, ƙarin jini, dialysis, zama tare da wanda ya kamu da cutar, balaguron balaguro a ƙasashen da yawan kamuwa da cutar ya yi yawa, da zama a wata cibiya. Tattoo da acupuncture ya haifar da adadi mai yawa a cikin 1980s; duk da haka, wannan ya zama ƙasa da kowa tare da ingantacciyar haifuwa. Ba za a iya yada ƙwayoyin Hepatitis B ta hanyar riƙe hannu, raba kayan abinci, sumbata, runguma, tari, atishawa, ko shayarwa. Ana iya gano cutar kwanaki 30 zuwa 60 bayan bayyanar cututtuka. Yawancin lokaci ana tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar gwada jinin don sassan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana daya daga cikin manyan ƙwayoyin cutar hanta guda biyar: A, B, C, D, da E.
An yi rigakafin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar rigakafi tun 1982. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar yin rigakafin a farkon ranar rayuwa idan zai yiwu. Ana buƙatar ƙarin allurai biyu ko uku a wani lokaci don cikakken tasiri. Wannan maganin yana aiki kusan kashi 95% na lokaci. Kimanin kasashe 180 ne suka ba da rigakafin a matsayin wani bangare na shirye-shiryen kasa tun daga shekara ta 2006. An kuma ba da shawarar cewa a yi gwajin dukkan jini na cutar hanta ta B kafin karin jini, da kuma amfani da kwaroron roba don hana kamuwa da cuta. A lokacin kamuwa da cuta ta farko, kulawa yana dogara ne akan alamun da mutum yake da shi. A cikin wadanda suka kamu da cututtuka na yau da kullum, maganin rigakafi irin su tenofovir ko interferon na iya zama da amfani; duk da haka, waɗannan magungunan suna da tsada. Wani lokaci ana amfani da dashen hanta don cirrhosis.
Kusan kashi uku na mutanen duniya sun kamu da cutar a lokaci guda a rayuwarsu. Akalla mutane miliyan 391, ko kuma kashi 5% na al’ummar duniya, sun kamu da cutar ta HBV mai tsanani a shekarar 2017. Yayin da wasu miliyan 145 suka kamu da cutar ta HBV mai tsanani a shekarar. Sama da mutane 750,000 ke mutuwa daga cutar hanta ta hanta a kowace shekara. Kimanin 300,000 daga cikin waɗannan suna da nasaba da ciwon hanta. Cutar ta fi kamari a yammacin Pacific (6.2%) da Afirka (6.1%) yankuna. A Turai farashin yana da 1.6% kuma a cikin Amurka yana da 0.7%. Tun asali an san shi da "serum hepatitis".
Alamonin kamuwa da cutar
kamuwa da cutar hanta NA hepatitis B yana da alaƙa da da sauran cututtukan hanta. rashin lafiya da ke farawa da rashin lafiya gabaɗayan jiki, rashin cin abinci ci, tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon jiki, zazzabi mai sauki, da fitsari mai duhu, sannan ze iya ci gaba ya zama jaundice. Ciwon yana ɗaukar makonni kaɗan sannan a hankali yana karuwa a yawancin mutanen da abin ya shafa. Wasu ƴan mutane na iya samun nau'in cutar hanta mai tsanani da aka sani da gazawar hanta. kuma suna iya mutuwa a sakamakon haka. Ciwon yana iya zama gaba ɗaya babu alamu, A wani lokaci kuma yana iya zuwa ma  ba a gane shi ba.
Jamaika
. Jamaika ko Jamaica ko Jameka ƙasa ce dake a nahiyar Amurka a inda ake kira da karibiyan. Babban birnin itace Kingston.
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Max McCaffrey
Maxwell James McCaffrey (an haife shi a watan Mayu 17, 1994) kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka kuma tsohon mai karɓa wanda ya taka leda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (NFL) na tsawon yanayi uku. A halin yanzu shi ne mai kula da muggan laifuka na Bears a Jami'ar Arewacin Colorado. Ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Duke kuma ya rattaba hannu tare da Oakland Raiders a matsayin wakili na kyauta wanda ba shi da izini a cikin 2016.
Aikin koleji
A cikin wasanni 53 a Duke (farawa 38), McCaffrey ya kama wucewar 117 don yadudduka 1,341 da 12 touchdowns, kuma sau biyu ya sami karramawar Ilimin All-ACC. A cikin 2015, ya fara duk wasannin 13, yana yin liyafar 52 don yadudduka 643 (12.4 kowace kama) da taɓawa biyar.
Oakland Raiders
A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2016, McCaffrey ya rattaba hannu tare da Oakland Raiders a matsayin wakili na kyauta wanda ba a zaɓe shi ba bayan ƙarshen 2016 NFL Draft. A ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2016, Raiders sun sake shi.
Green Bay Packers
A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2016, McCaffrey ya rattaba hannu a cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Packers. A ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2017, McCaffrey ya sami ci gaba zuwa jerin gwano kafin gasar NFC Championship da Atlanta Falcons, a matsayin inshora ga Jordy Nelson. Duk da haka, a zahiri bai taka leda a gasar zakarun da kanta ba. Ya kasance tare da Packers ta hanyar kashe-kashen da ya biyo baya da kuma preseason na 2017, kafin a yi watsi da shi a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2017.
New Orleans Saints
A ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2017, an rattaba hannu McCaffrey zuwa kungiyar horo ta New Orleans Saints.
Jacksonville Jaguars
A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2017, an sanya wa McCaffrey rattaba hannu ga Jacksonville Jaguars mai fafutuka daga rukunin ayyukan waliyyai bayan an sanya Allen Robinson a wurin ajiyar da ya ji rauni. A cikin Makon 5, a kan Pittsburgh Steelers, ya fara kama shi na farko na NFL, liyafar yadi hudu. Jaguars sun yi watsi da shi a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2017.
Green Bay Packers (lokaci na biyu)
A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2017, an rattaba hannu McCaffrey zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan Packers.
San Francisco 49ers
A ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2017, San Francisco 49ers sun rattaba hannu kan McCaffrey kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu daga cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Packers.
A ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2018, 49ers sun yi watsi da McCaffrey / sun ji rauni bayan an yi masa tiyata a ƙafa kuma an sanya shi a wurin ajiyar da ya ji rauni. Washegari aka sake shi. An dakatar da shi na makonni hudu na farkon kakar wasa a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2018. An dawo da shi daga dakatarwar a ranar 2 ga Oktoba. An sake sanya hannu a cikin tawagar 49ers' practs a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2018. A ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2018, an ƙara McCaffrey zuwa ga mai aiki.
A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 2019, 49ers sun yi watsi da McCaffrey.
Masu tsaron DC
A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2019, an tsara McCaffrey a zagaye na 8th na daftarin 2019 XFL ta DC Defenders. An sake shi kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun saboda karɓar aiki a matsayin babban kocin masu karɓa na Arewacin Colorado Bears a cikin Janairu 2020.
NFL ta dakatar da McCaffrey na makonni 10 a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2019. An dawo da shi daga dakatarwar a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2019.
Aikin koyarwa
McCaffrey ya haɗu da mahaifinsa a jami'ar Arewacin Colorado mai horar da horarwa a matsayin babban kocin masu karɓa a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2020, bayan ya bar kwatsam na DC Defenders zuwa sansanin horo.
An ƙara McCaffrey zuwa Mai Gudanar da Laifi a lokacin bazara na 2021. A matsayin OC, har yanzu yana aiki tare da masu karɓa mai faɗi.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Max shine ɗan Ed da Lisa McCaffrey. Kanensa Kirista, an tsara shi a zagayen farko a matsayin mai gudu daga Carolina Panthers, kuma ya taka rawa iri daya a Stanford. Kanensa Dylan yana wasa a Jami'ar Arewacin Colorado, a matsayin kwata-kwata. Ƙaninsa, Luka, ɗan wasan jajayen riga ne a jami'ar Rice. Mahaifinsa ya kasance babban mai karɓa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa na yanayi goma sha uku daga 1991 – 2003 inda ya taka leda a New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers da Denver Broncos. Kawun nasa Billy, ya buga wasan kwando sau biyu a Duke kuma ya taka leda a kungiyar gasar zakarun kasa ta 1991 kafin ya koma Vanderbilt da raba lambar yabo ta SEC Player of the Year a cikin 1992 – 93.
Slaheddine Baccouche
Slaheddine Baccouche (An haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta alif 1883 – 24 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta alif 1959) ɗan siyasan Tunusiya ne. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban wazirin Tunis karkashin mulkin sarki Muhammad VIII al-Amin, daga shekarar 1943 zuwa 1947 sannan kuma daga shekarar 1952 zuwa 1954. Nean dan uwan shi marubuci ne mai suna Hachemi Baccouche.
Tarihin rayuwa
Shi ɗa ne ga Janar Mohamed Baccouche, ɗan asalin Cape Bon, Ministan da Mashawarci beylical; mahaifiyarsa ita ce Mamiya Ben Ayed, daga dangin asalin Caidal.
Bayan ya rike mukamai da yawa a Sousse da Bizerte, ya rike ofishin Grand Vizier sau biyu a lokacin mulkin Lamine Bey daga ranar 15 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1943 zuwa 19 ga watan Yuli shekarar 1947, da kuma daga ranar 26 ga watan Maris shekarar 1952 zuwa 2 ga watan Maris shekarar 1953.
Sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mutanen Tunisiya, waɗanda suka yi adawa da yunƙurin ƙasar ta Tunisia, tare da Mustapha Kaak, Abdelkader Belkhodja ko Hédi Raïs.
Shi kawun marubuci Hachemi Baccouche.
Ellen Littmann
Ellen Littmann (1909-1975) ɗan Jamus- Yahudawa masanin addinin Yahudanci kuma mace ta farko da ta kammala digiri daga Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums,makarantar hauza na Yahudawan Jamus.Daga baya an danganta Littmann da Kwalejin Leo Baeck ta Landan inda ta koyar da karatun Littafi Mai Tsarki.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Danzig a cikin 1909,Ellen Littmann ta sha'awar karatun Yahudawa tun tana ƙarami kuma ta nemi yin karatu a Hochschule.Rabbi Leo Baeck ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi karatu kuma ya jawo hankalin iyayenta su amince da wannan aikin bisa ga cewa Littmann zai sami matsayin koyarwa bayan kammala karatunsa.Yayin da Littmann ba ta sami nadin nadi na rabbin ba, ta cancanci koyar da karatun Yahudawa a ilimi.A cikin 1928,Littmann ta sami digiri na uku daga Jami'ar Cologne,labarinta ya shafi sake shigar da Yahudawa cikin garuruwan Jamus bayan Mutuwar Baƙar fata.Daga baya Littmann ya koma Landan inda ta koyar a Kwalejin Leo Baeck. Rabbi Dr. Werner van der Zyl ya taka rawa wajen daukar Littmann matsayinta a kwalejin.
Hedi Baccouche
Hédi Baccouche (An haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 1930 zuwa 21 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 2020)  ya kasance Firayim Minista na Tunisia daga ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba, Shekara ta alif 1987 zuwa 27 ga watan Satumba shekara ta alif 1989. Baccouche ya jagoranci Socialist Destourian har sai da ta canza sunanta zuwa Constitutional Democratic a cikin shekarar 1988. An haife shi a Hammam Sousse.
Kora
Bayan an kore shi daga mukaminsa na Gwamna a shari'ar Ahmed Ben Salah, a karshe Babbar Kotun da ke kula da wannan karar ta wanke shi. Daga baya ya zama Shugaba na Ofishin Masunta na isheasa sannan kuma mai ba da shawara ga majalisar minista ta Firayim Minista Hédi Nouira. Ya fadi cikin wulakanci bayan taron ci gabanta da amincin shekarar 1979, an aika shi a matsayin babban janar a Lyon. Daga shekara ta alif 1981 zuwa 1982, Baccouche ya kasance jakada a Bern da Holy See (Vatican) kafin ya zama jakada a Algeria kuma darakta na PSD. A shekarar 1987, an nada shi Ministan Harkokin Jama'a.
A ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1987, ya maye gurbin Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, wanda bai jima da hambarar da Shugaba Bourguiba ba, a matsayin Firayim Minista da Sakatare Janar na PSD. Ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin marubucin wannan "juyin mulkin likita". A ranar 27 ga watan Satumba shekarar dubu 1989, Hamed Karoui ya maye gurbinsa. Shugaba Ben Ali ne ya nada Baccouche a matsayin memba na majalisar masu ba da shawara lokacin da aka kirkireshi a shekarar 2005. Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin tsakiyar Rally of Constitutional Rally, har zuwa lokacin da aka rusa wannan hukuma a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2011, a yanayin juyin juya halin Tunusiya.
Manazarta
1. ^ Nohlen, Dieter; Krennerich, Michael; Thibaut, Bernhard (1999). Elections in Africa: a data handbook. Oxford University Press. p. 921. ISBN 978-0-19-829645-4. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
BI
BI, Bi ko bi na iya nufin to:
Damascus
Damascus babban birnin kasar Siriya. Damascus na cikin birane mafiya tsufa a duniya.
Leïla Bahria
Leïla Bahira (ya mutu a ranar 20 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2021) ta kasan ce Yar siyasan Tunisiya ne kuma alkali. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Ministan Harkokin Wajen Tunusiya Othman Jerandi, tana mai lura da lamuran Afirka da Larabawa daga 2013 zuwa 2014.
Lydia Forson
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Forson a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1984 a Mankessim, Ghana. Ta sami karatunta na farko a Makarantar Elementary ta Wilmore a Kentucky. Lokacin da take da shekaru tara, iyalinta sun koma Ghana, inda ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar International ta Akosombo. Ta kuma halarci makarantar sakandare ta St. Louis, Kumasi, inda ta kammala karatun sakandare.
Forson ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Ghana, inda ta samu digirin farko a fannin Harshen Turanci da Nazarin Bayanai.
Aiki
Wasan kwaikwayon Forson ya fara ne da rawar da ta taka a Hotel St. James (2005), Run Baby Run (2006), Different Shades of Blue (2007) da kuma rawar gani a cikin shirin gaskiya The Next Movie Star in Nigeria (2007). Shirley Frimpong Manso, Shugaba na Sparrow Productions, wanda a baya ta yi aiki tare da ita a cikin jerin shirye -shiryen talabijin na Ghana Different Shades of Blue, ya dawo da Forson kan fuska ta fim din Scorned. Wannan rawar da ta taka ya haifar da lambar yabo ta Kyautar Fim ɗin Fim ɗin Afirka na farko (AMAA) a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Jarumar Mata. A cikin 2009, Forson ta yi tauraro a cikin kyautar The Perfect Picture ta Shirley Frimpong-Manso. Ta yi tauraro a cikin A Sting in a Tale, Swap Phone, Masquerades, Keteke, da Sidechic Gang.
Himarsha Venkatsamy
Himarsha Venkatsamy (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1984 a Durban) abin ƙira ne kuma ɗan wasan Indiya, wanda aka sani don cin nasarar Kalanda na Kingfisher a shekara ta 2010, inda ta doke Anjali Lavania da Nidhi Sunil a zagaye na ƙarshe.
Ta fito ta musamman a cikin shekara ta 2010 Bollywood romantic comedy I Hate Luv Storys, amma nasararta ta farko ta zo lokacin da aka yi mata igiya don yin wasan Jhumpa a cikin fim din Roar: Tigers of the Sundarbans.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Himarsha ga iyayen Afirka ta Kudu 'yan asalin Indiya ta Kudu a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kasance abin koyi tun tana da shekaru 13, lokacin da ta fara rawa a makarantar fasaha da kiɗa ta Durban. Ta auri saurayinta wanda ya dade a kasar Kenya, Abdulkadir Arsenalist.
Kemi Lala Akindoju
Rayuwar mutum
An haifi Akindoju ne a ranar 8 Maris 1987 a cikin dangin yara 4. Ita ‘yar asalin jihar Ondo ce. Ta yi karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Queens, Legas. Bayan ta kammala karatun Jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma, Ta ci gaba da karatun inshora a Jami'ar Legas. Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a Jami’ar Pan-Atlantic, tana karanta fannin yada labarai da sadarwa.
Noceda de Rengos
Noceda de Rengos ta kasan ce tana ɗaya daga cikin majalisun majami'u 54 na Cangas del Narcea, wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin lardin da kuma yankin Asturias mai cin gashin kanta, a arewacin Spain.
Naviego
Naviego ta kasance tana ɗaya daga cikin majalisun majami'u 54 na Cangas del Narcea, wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin lardin kuma tana da ikon mallakar Asturias, a arewacin Spain.
Idriss Déby
Marshal Idriss Deby Derby (إدريس ديبي  Idrīs Daybī Itnū; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yunin, 1952 -ya mutu a ranar 20 ga  Afrilun 2021) ɗan siyasan Chadi ne kuma hafsan soja wanda ya kasance Shugaban kasar Chadi daga shekara ta 1990 har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa a shekara ta 2021. Ya kuma kasance shugaban Jam’iyyar Ceto Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby dan asalin Bidyat ne na ƙabilar Zaghawa. Ya karɓi mulki ta hanyar jagorantar tawaye ga Shugaba Hissène Habré a cikin watan Disamban shekara ta 1990 kuma ya tsira daga tawaye daban-daban da yunƙurin juyin mulki ga mulkin nasa.idriss Déby ya ci zabe a shekara ta 1996 da shekara ta 2001, kuma bayan an daina kayyade wa'adi sai ya sake cin nasara a shekara ta 2006, 2011, 2016, da kuma shekara ta 2021. Ya kara da "Itno" a cikin sunan mahaifinsa a cikin watan Janairu shekara ta 2006. Ya kammala karatun digiri na Cibiyar Juyin Juya Hali ta Muammar Gaddafi. Yawancin kafofin yada labarai na duniya sun bayyana mulkin idriss Déby na shekaru goma a matsayin mai iko. An kashe shi a cikin watan Afrilu shekara ta 2021 yayin da yake ba da umarni ga sojojinsa kan 'yan tawaye daga kungiyar Front for Change da Concord a Chadi (FACT).
Shugaban Chadi
Idriss Déby ya dare kan kujerar shugabancin kasar Chadi ne a shekara ta 1991, kuma ana sake zaben shi a duk bayan shekaru biyar.
Bayan watanni uku na gwamnatin wucin gadi, a ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1991, an amince da yarjejeniya don Chadi tare da Déby a matsayin shugaban kasa. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, Déby ya fuskanci jerin yunƙurin juyin mulki yayin da sojojin gwamnati suka yi arangama da ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye masu goyon bayan Habré, irin su Movement for Democracy and Development (MDD). Neman murkushe masu adawa, a cikin shekara ta 1993 Chadi ta halatta jam’iyyun siyasa kuma ta gudanar da Taron Kasa wanda ya haifar da taron wakilai 750, gwamnati, kungiyoyin kwadago da sojoji don tattaunawa kan kafuwar dimokiradiyya mai yawan jama’a. Koyaya, hargitsi ya ci gaba. Comité de Sursaut National pour la Paix et la Démocratie (CSNPD), wanda Lt. Moise Kette ya jagoranta da sauran ƙungiyoyin kudu sun nemi hana gwamnatin Déby yin amfani da mai a cikin Kogin Doba kuma suka fara tawaye wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar ɗaruruwan mutane. An cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a shekara ta 1994, amma ba da jimawa ba ta wargaje. Sabbin kungiyoyi biyu, Sojojin Sojojin Tarayyar (FARF) karkashin jagorancin tsohuwar Kette ally Laokein Barde, da Democratic Front for Renewal (FDR), da MDD da aka sake fasalin ta yi arangama da sojojin gwamnati daga shekara ta 1994 zuwa shekara ta 1995.
Déby, a tsakiyar shekara ta 1990, a hankali ya dawo da ayyukan gwamnati na asali kuma ya shiga yarjejeniyoyi da Bankin Duniya da IMF don aiwatar da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki.
An amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki ta hanyar raba gardama a watan Maris na 1996, sannan aka yi zaben shugaban kasa a watan Yuni. Déby an saka shi a zagayen farko amma bai sami mafi rinjaye ba; sannan aka zabe shi shugaban kasa a zagaye na biyu, wanda aka gudanar a watan Yuli, da kashi 69% na kuri'un.
2000s
An sake zaben Idriss Déby a zaben shugaban kasa na watan Mayun shekara ta 2001, inda ya yi nasara a zagayen farko da kashi 63.17% na kuri’un, a cewar sakamakon hukuma. Yakin basasa tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi ya ɓarke a shekara ta 2005, tare da raƙuman rikici da Sudan. Wani yunƙurin juyin mulki, wanda ya shafi harbo jirgin Déby, ya gamu da cikas a cikin watan Maris na shekara ta 2006.
Bayan sake zaben Déby, kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da dama sun balle. Déby ya kasance a Abéché daga 11 zuwa 21 ga Satumban shekara ta 2006, yana shawagi a cikin jirgi mai saukar ungulu don kula da kansa da kai hare-hare kan Rally of Democratic Forces tawaye.
Tawaye a gabas ya ci gaba, kuma 'yan tawaye sun isa N'Djamena a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2008, tare da fada a cikin garin. Bayan kwanaki ana gwabza fada, gwamnati ta ci gaba da iko da N'Djamena. Da yake magana a wani taron manema labarai a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu, Déby ya ce dakarunsa sun yi nasara a kan 'yan tawayen, wadanda ya bayyana a matsayin "sojojin haya da Sudan ke jagoranta", kuma sojojin nasa suna cikin "cikakken iko" na birnin da ma kasar baki daya.
Dangane da wannan yanayin, a watan Yunin shekara ta 2005, an gudanar da zaben raba gardama don kawar da iyakance tsarin mulki na wa’adi biyu, wanda ya ba Déby damar sake tsayawa takara a shekara ta 2006. Fiye da 77% na masu jefa kuri'a sun amince. Déby ya kasance dan takara a zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2006, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 3 ga Mayu, wanda aka yi maraba da shi tare da kauracewar adawa. A cewar sakamakon hukuma Déby ya lashe zaben da kashi 64.67% na kuri'un.
A shekarar 2000, tare da rikici tsakanin arewa da kudu, gwamnatin Déby ta fara gina bututun mai na farko a kasar, aikin kilomita 1,070 na Chadi da Kamaru. An kammala aikin shimfida bututun a shekarar 2003 kuma Bankin Duniya ya yaba masa da cewa "wani tsari ne da ba a taba gani ba don sauya arzikin mai zuwa amfanin kai tsaye ga talakawa, marasa karfi da kuma muhalli".
Amfani da mai a yankin Doba na kudu ya fara ne a watan Yunin 2000, tare da amincewar Hukumar Bankin Duniya don ba da kuɗaɗen ɓangare na wani aikin, Projectaddamar da Man Fetur na Chadi da Kamaru, da nufin jigilar ɗanyen Chadi ta bututun mai kilomita 1000 zuwa Kamaru zuwa Tekun Guinea. Aikin ya kafa wasu tsare-tsare na musamman ga Bankin Duniya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, gwamnati, da hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin farar hula don tabbatar da cewa kudaden shigar mai na gaba za su amfani alumma kuma hakan zai haifar da rage talauci. Koyaya, tare da Chadi tana karɓar kashi 12.5% na ribar da aka samu daga samar da mai, kuma yarjejeniyar waɗannan kuɗaɗen shigar da za a saka su cikin asusun ajiyar kuɗi na Citibank na London wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ke kula da shi don tabbatar da an yi amfani da kuɗin don ayyukan jama'a da ci gaba,  ba a mayar da dukiya mai yawa nan da nan zuwa ƙasar ba. A shekarar 2006, Déby ya gabatar da labarai na kasa da kasa bayan ya yi kira ga kasarsa da ta samu kaso 60 cikin 100 na arzikin mai na Chadi da Kamaru bayan ya karbi "gutsure" daga kamfanonin kasashen waje da ke gudanar da masana'antar. Ya ce Chevron da Petronas na kin biyan harajin da ya kai dala miliyan 486.2. Kasar Chadi ta zartar da dokar shigar da kudin mai daga Bankin Duniya wanda ta bukaci a ware mafi yawan kudaden shigar ta na mai don ayyukan kiwon lafiya, ilimi da ayyukan more rayuwa. Bankin Duniya a baya ya daskarar da wani asusun kudaden shiga na man fetur a cikin takaddama kan yadda Chadi ta kashe ribar mai, inda aka zargi Déby da amfani da kudaden wajen karfafa ikonsa. Déby ya yi watsi da wadannan ikirarin, yana mai cewa kasar ba ta samun kusan wadatattun kudaden masarauta don kawo sauyi mai ma'ana a yaki da talauci.
Shekarar 2010
A ranar 25 ga Afrilun 2011, an sake zabar Déby a karo na hudu da kashi 88.7% na kuri'un sannan ya sake nada Emmanuel Nadingar a matsayin Firayim Minista.
Saboda matsayin Chadi a dabarun Afirka ta Yamma, Idriss Déby ya tura sojoji ko kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sasanta rikice-rikicen yankin da dama, kamar Darfur, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAR), Mali, da kuma yaki da Boko Haram.
Tare da tabarbarewar tsaro a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Déby ya yanke shawarar a 2012 don tura dakaru 400 don yakar 'yan tawayen CAR. A watan Janairun 2013, Chadi ta kuma tura sojoji 2000 don yakar kungiyoyin masu kishin Islama a Mali, a wani bangare na Faransa ta Operation Serval.
Tarihin kwanan nan na Chadi, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Déby, ya kasance da halin rashawa da rashawa da kuma tsarin kula da lamura wanda ya mamaye al'umma, in ji Transparency International. Cinikin mai da aka yi kwanan nan ya iza wutar cin hanci da rashawa, saboda gwamnati ba ta amfani da kudaden shiga don karfafa rundunoninta da kuma bayar da lada ga makusantanta, wadanda ke ba da gudummawa wajen lalata tsarin gudanarwar kasar. A shekara ta 2006, mujallar Forbes ta sanya kasar Chadi a saman jerin kasashen da suka fi cin hanci da rashawa a duniya,    A shekarar 2012, Déby ta kaddamar da wani shirin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a duk fadin kasar da ake kira " Operation Cobra ," wanda rahotanni sun ce an gano wasu dala miliyan 50 na kudaden da aka wawure. Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun ce, duk da haka, Déby ya yi amfani da irin wadannan dabarun ne don ladabtar da abokan hamayya da kuma ba da lada ga masu son cin zarafi. Ya zuwa 2016, Transparency International ta sanya Chadi ta 147 a cikin kasashe 168 akan jerin cin hanci da rashawa.
Dangane da karuwar barazanar kungiyar Boko Haram, kungiyar yan ta'adda masu alaka da kungiyar Daular Islama dake aiki a arewacin Najeriya, Idriss Déby ya kara sa hannun Chadi a cikin rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), hadaddiyar kungiyar kasashe da suka hada da kasashen Niger, Nigeria, Benin da kuma Kamaru. A watan Agusta na 2015, Déby a cikin wata hira ya ce MNJTF ta yi nasarar “sare kan” Boko Haram.
A Janairu 2016, Idriss Deby ya yi nasara Zimbabwe 's Robert Mugabe ya zama shugaban kungiyar tarayyar Afirka domin shekara daya ambatacce. Bayan rantsar da shi, Déby ya fadawa shugabannin kasashen cewa dole ne a kawo karshen rikice-rikice a nahiyar "Ta hanyar diflomasiyya ko kuma ta hanyar karfi. . . Lallai ne mu kawo karshen wadannan masifu na wannan zamani namu. Ba za mu iya samun ci gaba ba kuma mu yi maganar ci gaba idan wani ɓangare ko jikinmu ba shi da lafiya. Ya kamata mu zama manyan masu taka rawa wajen neman hanyoyin warware rikice rikicen Afirka ". Ofayan abubuwan da Déby ta sa a gaba shi ne hanzarta yaƙi da Boko Haram. A ranar 4 ga Maris, Tarayyar Afirka ta amince ta fadada rundunar hadin gwiwar kasashe daban-daban (MNJTF) zuwa sojoji 10,000.
A watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2016, Deby ya zabi da Patriotic Salvation Movement zuwa gudu ga wani sabon lokaci a cikin Afrilu 2016 Ana zaben shugaban kasa. Ya yi alkawarin maido da iyakokin wa'adin mulki a cikin kundin tsarin mulki da cewa "Dole ne mu takaita sharudda, kada mu mai da hankali kan tsarin da canjin mulki ke da wahala. "A shekara ta 2005 an gudanar da garambawul ga tsarin mulki a cikin wani yanayi inda rayuwar al'ummar kasar ke cikin hadari".
A shekarar 2017, Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Amurka ta yi zargin cewa Déby ya karbi cin hancin dala miliyan 2 saboda bai wa wani kamfanin kasar Sin damar samun ‘yancin mai a Chadi ba tare da gasar kasa da kasa ba.
A Janairu 2019, Deby da Isra'ila da firaministan kasar Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar da farfado da dangantakar diplomasiyya tsakaninsu tsakanin Chadi da kuma Isra'ila. Netanyahu ya bayyana ziyarar tasa a Chadi a matsayin "wani bangare na juyin juya halin da muke yi a kasashen Larabawa da na Musulmai."
Déby ya sanya hannu kan kudirin dokar yanke hukuncin kisa a Chadi a shekarar 2020. An yi amfani da rundunar harbe-harben kan 'yan ta'adda a shekarar 2015. A watan Fabrairun 2021, Déby ya fusata Chadi za ta tura sojoji 1,200 tare da sojojin Faransa zuwa iyakar Sahel tsakanin Nijar, Mali, da Burkina Faso, don yakar kungiyoyin da ke da alaka da al-Qaeda.
A zaben shugaban kasar Chadi na 2021, Déby ya ci zango na shida a matsayin shugaban kasa, lokacin da aka sanar da sakamako a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, da kashi 79.32% na kuri'un. A watan Fabrairu, jami’an tsaro sun yi yunkurin cafke shugaban ‘yan adawa Yaya Dillo Djérou, inda Djéru ya ce an kashe‘ yan uwansa biyar a yayin wannan yunkurin, kuma a maimakon haka gwamnati ta bayar da rahoton kashe uku kawai. Mafi yawan 'yan adawar siyasa sun janye daga zaben, suna neman a kaurace, suna masu zargin hare-hare da amfani da karfi fiye da kima da jami'an tsaro suka yi a lokacin zanga-zangar kin jinin gwamnati. Maimakon ya ba da jawabin nasara, Déby ya je ziyarci sojojin Chadi da ke bakin daga suna yakar mamayar 'yan tawayen arewa. An ce an ji masa rauni a ranar Lahadi, 18 ga Afrilu, kuma an dauke shi zuwa babban birni, inda ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Afrilu.
Rayuwarsa
Idriss Déby ya yi aure sau da yawa kuma yana da aƙalla yara goma sha biyu. Ya auri Hinda (b. 1977) a cikin Satumba 2005. An yi mata suna saboda kyanta, wannan auren ya ja hankali sosai a Chadi, kuma saboda alakar kabilu mutane da yawa na ganin ta babbar hanya ce ga Dby don karfafa goyon bayan sa yayin da take fuskantar matsin lamba daga 'yan tawaye. Hinda mamba ce a majalisar zartarwa ta Fadar Shugaban kasa, tana aiki a matsayin Sakatare na Musamman. A ranar 2 ga Yulin 2007, ɗan Déby, Brahim, an sami gawarsa ɗan shekara 27 a cikin garejin ajiye motoci na gidansa kusa da Paris. Dangane da rahoton autopsy, wataƙila farin foda ne ya buge shi daga abin kashe gobara. ‘Yan sandan Faransa sun fara binciken kisan kai. An kori Brahim a matsayin mai ba shugaban kasa shawara a shekarar da ta gabata, bayan an same shi da laifin mallakar kwayoyi da makamai. Blogger Makaila Nguebla ya danganta ficewar da shugabannin gwamnatin Chadi da yawa suka yi da fushinsu kan halin Brahim: "Shi ne asalin duk wata damuwa. Ya kasance yana mari ministocin gwamnati, dan Déby ya wulakanta manyan jami’an Chadi. ” A watan Yulin shekarar 2011 an yanke wa wasu maza hudu hukunci da laifin "fashin da ya kai ga kisa ba da niyyar kisa ba" kuma aka yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa goma sha uku.
Déby musulmi ne.
Mutuwa
A cewar wani mai magana da yawun rundunar sojin Chadi, Idris Déby ya rasu ne sakamakon raunin da ya ji a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2021, yayin da yake jagorantar rundunarsa a filin daga ƴan tawayen da ke kiran kansu da masu GASKIYA a arewacin Chadi a yayin harin arewacin Chadi, yana da shekaru 68. An narkar da majalisar Chadi a kan mutuwarsa, kuma an kafa Majalisar Soja ta Rikon ƙwarya.
BMW X1 F48
BMW X1 F48, wanda aka samar daga 2015 zuwa 2019, ya sake yin tunanin ƙaramin ɓangaren SUV na alatu, yana haɗa ayyuka iri-iri tare da sa hannun BMW wasa da ƙayatarwa. A matsayin babban ɗan wasa a cikin dangin BMW's X na SUVs, F48 X1 ya yi kira ga masu sha'awar birni da iyalai waɗanda ke neman ƙimar SUV mai ƙima. F48 X1 yana alfahari da ƙirar waje mai ƙarfi da zamani, tare da madaidaicin wurin zama, ƙwanƙolin koda, da kuma fitattun ƙwanƙolin jikin da ke ƙara zuwa wasan motsa jiki. Kunshin M Sport ɗin da ke akwai ya ƙara jaddada halayen wasan motar.
F48 X1 ya ba da kewayon ingantattun zaɓuɓɓukan injuna masu ƙarfi, yana ba da zaɓin tuƙi iri-iri. Daga ingantacciyar ingin silinda uku a cikin sDrive18i zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan raka'o'in silinda huɗu a cikin xDrive28i da xDrive25d, kowane ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya ba da aiki mai ɗaukar hankali da amsawa.