cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Bankin shigowa da fitar da kaya na Afrika
Gudanarwa
Farfesa Benedict Okechukwu Oramah, ɗan ƙasar Najeriya, shi ne shugaban na uku kuma shugaban kwamitin daraktocin Afreximbank, bayan an nada shi a wannan mukamin a Babban Taron Shekara-shekara na Masu hannun jari da aka gudanar a ranar 13 ga Yuni 2015 don wa'adinsa na farko na shekaru biyar. Daga baya ya yi rantsuwa a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2015. Oramah, a ranar 13 ga Yuni 2020, masu hannun jari na Bankin sun sake nada shi a karo na biyu na shekaru biyar a matsayin Shugaban kasa da Shugaban Kwamitin Daraktoci.
Jean-Louis Ekra ne ya riga Oramah a ofis, wanda ya yi aiki daga 2005 zuwa 2015 kuma wanda, bi da bi, ya gaji Christopher Edordu, shugaban majagaba wanda ke aiki daga 1993 zuwa 2005.
Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan
An gudanar da Babban Taron Shekara-shekara na 23 na masu hannun jari na bankin daga Yuli 18 zuwa 24, 2016 a Seychelles. Wannan taron shine karo na farko da Shugaba Dr. Benedict Oramah ya jagoranci.
Afreximbank ya jinkirta shirin bayar da jama'a na farko (IPO)
A watan Oktoba na 2019, Afreximbank ta jinkirta shirin IPO, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 250 a Kasuwancin Kasuwancin London, yana mai da hankali ga 'yanayin kasuwa mara kyau'.
MANSA
Afreximbank ya yi hadin gwiwa tare da Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka, Bankunan Tsakiya na Afirka, da sauran abokan hulda na kasa da kasa don kaddamar da MANSA, dandalin ajiyar bayanai na CDD / KYC na hadin gwiwa tare da girmamawa ta musamman ga cibiyoyin kuɗi da kamfanoni na Afirka don ba da damar cibiyoyin duniya, abokan tarayya da takwarorinsu don samun damar bayanan CDD da bayanai na Afirka tare da yin amfani da dandalin don gudanar da kwarewar abokin ciniki akan gungiyoyin Afirka; cibiyoyin kudi, kamfanoni da SME.
Umuogele
Umuogele gari ne, da ke a jihar Abia, a Najeriya. Umuogele ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin da suka haɗa da Amuda Isuochi. Domin ayyukan gudanarwa, ƙungiyoyin Ugwu na Agbo da Umuetuo suna amfani da mutane. Yankin dai ya samu wakilcin Sanata Uche Chukwumerije.
Akwai rafuka da yawa a tazarar tafiya waɗanda ke ba da ruwa. Gwamnati kuma ta samar da rijiya. Ƙasar tana da saurin zaizayar kasa. Yankin kusa da Iyi Okoroahor Falls, ya kasance wurin yawon buɗe ido ne.
Lillian Dube
Lillian Dube (an haifi ta 30 ga Satumba 1945) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ta aka wataƙila mafi ƙwarewa a wasan Masebobe a cikin sabulu wasar kwaikwayo ta waƙa da al'ummomi.
Kyaututtuka da Tantancewa
A cikin 2017, an ba Dube lambar girmamawa ta girmamawa a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo da Fim a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane.
Dan Nasara
Dan Nasara wani kauye ne da ke a karamar hukumar Mai'Adua, a Jihar Katsina, Nijeriya.
Kim Jong-un
Kim Jong-un (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu shekarar 1982, 1983 ko 1984) ɗan siyasan Koriya ta Arewa ne. Ya kasance Babban Jagoran Koriya ta Arewa tun a watan Disambar shekarar 2011, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Kim Jong-il.
Rayuwar farko
A cewar rahotanni a jaridun Japan, yayi makaranta a Switzerland kusa da Bern. Rahotannin farko sun yi iƙirarin Kim ya tafi Makarantar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Turanci mai zaman kanta a Gümligen da sunan "Chol-pak" ko "Pak-chol" daga shekarar 1993 zuwa shekara ta 1998. Kim ya bayyana a matsayin mai kunya, ɗalibi mai kyau wanda ya dace da abokan karatun sa, kuma ya kasance mai son ƙwallon kwando.
Shugabanci
A watan Disambar shekarar 2011, Kim ya zama shugaban Koriya ta Arewa bayan mahaifinsa Kim Jong-il ya mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2011. Kakansa Kim Il-Sung shi ne shugaban Koriya ta Arewa na farko.
A ranar 9 ga watan Maris shekarar 2014, an zaɓi Kim ba tare da hamayya ba a Majalisar Ƙoli ta Jama'a.
Kashe iyali
A ranar 12 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2013, kafofin yada labaran Koriya ta Arewa sun ruwaito cewa saboda zargin "cin amana", Kim ya ba da umarnin a kashe kawunsa Jang Song-thaek. Kim da yawa suna tunanin Kim ya ba da umarnin kisan ɗan uwansa, Kim Jong-nam, a Malaysia a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2017.
Makaman nukiliya
Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kirkiro takunkumi sau biyar a kan Koriya ta Arewa saboda shirinta na nukiliya da gwajin makami mai linzami.
2018 dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa
A jawabinsa na Sabuwar Shekarar 2018, Kim ya ce a buɗe yake don tattaunawa da Koriya ta Kudu, sannan kuma ya halarci wasannin Olympics na hunturu na shekarar 2018 a Kudu. An sake buɗe layin waya na Seoul – Pyongyang bayan kusan shekaru 2. Koriya ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu sun yi maci tare a bikin buɗe wasannin Olympics ƙarƙashin tuta mai hade.
A watan Afrilu da Mayu na shekarar 2018, Kim ya gana da Xi Jinping, Sakatare Janar na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Sin. A watan Mayun 2018, Donald Trump ya faɗa a shafinsa na Twitter cewa zai hadu da Kim a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni a Singapore don tattaunawar zaman lafiya.
Rayuwar mutum
Kim ya auri Ri Sol-ju. Sun yi aure a cikin shekarar 2009. Sun haifi 'ya mace a cikin shekarar 2010. Ya halarci makarantar gwamnati a Switzerland daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekara ta 2000 inda ya zama ɗan diflomasiyya. Kim ya ruwaito daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Soja ta Kim Il Sung a Pyongyang daga shekarar 2002 zuwa shekara ta 2007. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a shekara ta 2004.
A cikin shekarar 2009, rahotanni sun nuna cewa Kim na da ciwon sukari ne kuma yana fama da hauhawar jini. Sanan shi kuma yana shan taba sigari.
Labarin mutuwar jita jitar mutuwar sa ta 2020
Jita-jita game da mutuwar Kim ta faru ne a ƙarshen watan Afrilu shekarar 2020. Kim ba ya nan a ranar Rana, 15 ga watan Afrilu, don bikin mahaifin da ya kafa kasar, Kim Il Sung, kodayake an ga shi kwana hudu kafin taron gwamnati. Daily NK ta ruwaito cewa Kim ya je asibiti don yin aikin tiyatar zuciya a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu, amma a cewar CNN a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu cewa jihar Kim na cikin “hadari mai girma” daga tiyatar. Koriya ta Kudu ta ba da rahoto game da waɗannan labaran cewa "babu alamun da ba a gano ba" game da lafiyar Kim. Jaridar Guardian ta ruwaito cewa China ta tura tawagar likitoci a ranar 25 ga watan Afrilu zuwa Koriya ta Arewa don duba lafiyar Kim.
Yonmawa
yonmawa wani qauye ne a qaramar hukumar anjigi a jihar kano
All Progressives Congress
Jam'iyyar APC jam'iyyar siyasa ce mai mulki a Najeriya, wadda aka kafata a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2013, gabannin zuwan zaɓen shekarar 2015. Ɗan takarar APC a matakin shugaban kasa shine Muhammadu Buhari ya kuma lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasar da kusan kuri'u miliyan 2.6. Shugaban ƙkasa Goodluck Jonathan yayi nasara a ranar 31 ga watan Maris. Wannan shi ne karo na farko a tarihin siyasa cewa jam'iyyun siyasa na adawa sun kayar da wata jam'iyya mai mulki a babban zaɓe, kuma ɗaya daga cikin wutar lantarki ta sauya zaman lafiya daga wata jam'iyyar siyasa zuwa wata. Bugu da kari, APC ta lashe rinjaye mafi yawa a majalisar dattijai da majalisar wakilai a zaben shekarar 2015, sannan kuma sun ansa mulkin kasar a hannun jam'iyya mai mulki.
Tsari
An Kafa jam'iyyar ce a cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar 2013, a sakamakon wani ƙawance na jam'iyyun siyasan Najeriya guda uku mafi girma daga cikin jam'iyyun adawa - da [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_Congress_of_Nigeria Action Congress of Nigeria] (ACN), da [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_for_Progressive_Change Congress for Progressive Change] (CPC), da [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Nigeria_Peoples_Party All Nigeria Peoples Party] (ANPP) - da kuma wata Kungiya na Jam'iyyar [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Progressives_Grand_Alliance All Progressives Grand Alliance] (APGA), ta hada hannu ne a kan [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_(Nigeria) Jam'iyyar Jama'a]. Sakamakon yarjejeniya ta [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Ikimi Tom Ikimi], wanda ya wakilci ACN; Sanata [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Okonkwo Annie Okonkwo] a madadin APGA; [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Shekarau Ibrahim Shekarau] , shugaban kwamitin tarayyar ANPP; da kuma Garba Shehu, shugaban kwamitin Jam'iyyar CPC. Abin takaici, kasa da shekaru 2 kafin nasarar lashe zaben a zaben [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_general_election,_2015 shekara ta 2015]. [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Okonkwo Annie Okonkwo], [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Ikimi Tom Ikimi] da [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Shekarau Ibrahim Shekarau sun] yi murabus daga jam'iyyar kuma sun shiga jam'iyar PDP.
Nike Oshinowo
Nike Oshinowo wacce akafi sani da (Adenike Asabi Oshinowo), an haifeta a shekarr 1966. Itace mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa a Najeriya, yar kasuwa, tsohon daraktan shirya finafinai da kuma salon zane.
Rayuwar Farko
Oshinowo ta tashi ne a garin Ibadan da Ingila, inda ta yi makarantar allo. Kodayake tana da niyyar zama mai karbar iska ko kuma likita, amma ta karanci Siyasa a Jami'ar Essex. Jim kadan da samun digirinta, Oshinowo, wanda tsohuwar Miss Nigeria Helen Perst-Davies ta jagoranta, ta wakilci Ribas a wajen Kyakkyawar Yarinyar a Najeriya kuma ta zama Yarbawa ta farko da ta yi nasara (an nada ta a 1990, amma ta yi sarauta zuwa 1991). Nasarar da ta samu ya jawo cece-kuce daga masu sauraro da 'yan jaridar showbiz biyo bayan jita-jitar da ake yi cewa an tafka magudi don goyon bayanta. A kusan ƙarshen mulkinta Oshinowo, a wata hira da wata mujalla mai taushi, ta yi ƙoƙari ta murɗe tsegumin ta hanyar bayyana Perst-Davies ba shi da hannu a nasarar ta MBGN.
Ayyuka
Bayan mulkinta wanda ya ga ta fafata a Miss World, Oshinowo ya fito a cikin tallan don Venus de Milo cream da man shafawa, kuma ya dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo da kyau a talabijin na Najeriya. Ta harkokin kasuwancin, a hada wani Afirka gidan cin abinci da kuma Skin Deep, a kiwon lafiya da kuma kyau dima jiki wadda gudu shekara bakwai kafin aka sayar bayan ta yanke shawarar kirkiro da ita kansa kewayon kyakkyawa kayayyakin ga Nijeriya kasuwar. A ranar 17 ga Janairun 2010, ta fitar da bidiyon motsa jiki Nike Oshinowo: Fit, Forty da Fabulous - DVD na farko da ya dace da shahararrun mutane da aka samar a kasar - kuma a yanzu haka yana aiki kan kayayyakin kwalliya wadanda za su hada da kamshi, kula da fata, da kuma gyaran gashi.
A shekara ta 2010, bayan an yi ƙoƙari na shekaru shida, Oshinowo a ƙarshe ya sayi sunan mallakar Miss Nigeria daga tsoffin masu shirya Daily Times, kuma ya zama shugaban zartarwa da kuma kirkirar daraktan gasar. Ya zuwa shekarar 2012, yanzu ba ta cikin karagar mulki, amma yanzu tana aiki a kan wani gasar nuna wanda mai nasara zai yi mulki na shekaru ɗari.
Sako
sako kauyene a karamar hukumar musawa ta jahar katsina
Ibrahim Kura Mohammed
Ibrahim Kura Mohammed an zabe shi Sanata a mazabar Kano ta Tsakiya ta Jihar Kano, Najeriya a farkon Jamhuriya ta Hudu ta Najeriya, yana takara a ƙarƙashin Jam’iyyar PDP. Ya hau mulki a ranar 29 ga Mayun shekara ta 1999.
Kura Mohammed ya halarci Jami'ar New York da ke Amurka inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyyar Siyasa a shekara ta 1970. Shi ne Sakatare na farko a Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya, Addis Ababa, Habasha (1972–1973), Babban Sakatare na Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekara ta (1974 - 1976), Daraktan kungiyar masu yawon bude ido ta Najeriya (1978-1979) da Shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Ilaro (1979–1983).
Bayan ya hau kujerar sa a Majalisar Dattawa an nada Kura a matsayin kwamitoci a kan Ma'adanai masu ƙarfi, Sadarwa, Jiha & Ƙananan Hukumomi, Halayen Tarayya da Bayanai. Ya kuma yanke shawarar kada ya sake neman takara a shekarar 2003.
Bayan ya bar ofis ya zama Daraktan Asusun Farko na reshen bankin First Bank na Najeriya, Shugaban Spotless Apt kuma Darakta / mataimakin shugaban Clearline International. Ya zama shugaban Sabis na Kiwon Lafiya na Expatcare a cikin Janairu shekarar 2007. A karshen 2007 ya zama FCT Shugaban kungiyar yakin neman zaben tsohon Gwamnan Ebonyi Sam Egwu, wanda ke neman takarar shugabancin PDP. Da yake magana a cikin Janairu shekarar 2008 ya bayyana kwarin gwiwa cewa Egwu zai hau kujerar sa a babban taron jam'iyyar na gaba. Ya rasu yana da shekaru 65 a ranar 6 ga Mayun shekarar 2009 a Abuja kuma an binne shi a Kano.
Tamu
Wannan Kauyene a karamar hukumar Kurfi, dake a jihar Katsina.
Ɓillanci
Ɓillanci harshen mutanen Jarawa ne da ke a Jihar Taraba, a Nijeriya.
Jibanci
Jibanci harshen Jukun a Nijeriya ne.
Malali(kauye)
Malali Kauye ne dake Karamar Hukumar Kankara a Jihar KatsinaKijibta Kauye ne dake Karamar Hukumar Mani a Jihar Katsina.
Oghenekaro Etebo
Oghenekaro Peter Etebo (an haife shi a 9 ga watan Nuwamba, 1995) kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa ne a Najeriya wanda ya buga matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na Watford, a matsayin aro daga Stoke City, da kuma Nigerian National Team.
You will learn how to make the most delicious cookies and cakes dishes you have ever come acrosswithout the stress of worrying that it is too difficult to put together. There is a cookies and cakes recipe in this book for every baker out there, regardless of their baking experience. In this book, every recipe has at least one photo for you to compare after testing. All cookies and cakes are suitable to serve as lunch or dinner for your family. So, if you want to begin making your
very own cookies and cakes dish with little to no effort at all, then
Etebo ya fara ne a Warri Wolves inda ya shafe shekaru uku kafin ya koma kwallon kafa ta Turai tare da Feirense na Fotigal. Ya taimaka wa bangaren samun cigaba zuwa Primeira Liga kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin kulob na sama. Etebo yayi zaman aro na wata shida a Las Palmas ta Spain a kakar shekarar 2017-18. Etebo ya koma Stoke City ta Ingila a watan Yunin shekarar 2018 kan kudi fam miliyan 6.35.
Wolves Warri
Kyakkyawan kakar wasansa ta farko ya ci gaba lokacin daya ci ƙwallo mafi sauri a gasar a wasan da suka doke Wikki Tourists da ci 3-1, inda ya zira duka ƙwallaye uku cikin mintuna 22 na wasa. Etebo ya fara zura kwallo a ragar Wolves a minti na bakwai na wasan, amma har yanzu bikin bai mutu ba lokacin da Waziri Christoper ya rama wa Wikki. Etebo ya sake bugun a minti na 12 don dawo da martabar Wolves, kuma ya kammala hat-trick a minti na 29, bayan da aka baiwa masu masaukin bakin bugun tazara. A watan Maris na 2014, ya zira kwallon sa ta farko ta nahiyar a kan Union Douala a gasar CAF Confederation Cup na 2014. Wasannin da ya buga a gasar cin kofin CAF Confederation Cup ya ja hankalin kulob din Espérance na Tunisia da kungiyar Zamalek ta Masar, lamarin da ya haifar da fada akan sa hannun sa. A watan Mayu 2014 Etebo ya yi gwaji a kulob din Udinese na Italiya.
A cikin 2015 Etebo ya sami lambar yabo ta Glo Wondergoal, don mafi kyawun ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya na 2015, wanda aka zira akan Bayelsa United. A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 2016, ya lashe kyautar gwarzon shekara mafi kyau a Gwarzon CAF a Abuja, Nigeria. A jimilce Etebo ya ci wa Warri Wolves kwallaye 23 cikin wasanni 64 a cikin shekaru uku da ya yi da kulob din.
Feirense
Etebo shiga Portuguese LigaPro kulob Feirense a farkon shekara ta 2016, ya taka leda sau hudu a 2015-16, ya zura kwallo daya taimaka musu su samu damar da Primeira Liga. Ya buga wasanni 27 a 2016–17 yayin da Feirense ya gama a matsayi takwas da ƙyar ya rasa gurbin Turai da maki biyu.
Las Palmas (aro)
A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2018, Etebo ya ba da aron UD Las Palmas na La Liga na tsawon watanni shida, tare da batun siyan. Etebo ya buga wasanni 14 tare da Las Palmas amma ya kasa hana su ficewa daga gasar. Etebo ya sami yabo saboda rawar da ya taka tare da ƙungiyar Canary Islands.
Stoke City
A ranar 11 ga Yuni 2018, Etebo ya rattaba hannu ga Stoke City ta EFL Championship kan € 7.2million (£ 6.35 million) daga Feirense kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar. Ya zama sabon kocin Gary Rowett na farko da ya sanya hannu a Stoke, wanda ya bayyana shi a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya mai kuzari. Etebo ya bayyana cewa ya ki karbar tayin kungiiyoyin Premier League kafin ya koma Stoke. Ya fara bugawa Stoke wasa a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2018 da Leeds United. Etebo ya buga wasanni 37 a 2018–19 kuma yana daya daga cikin kwararrun kungiyoyin yayin da Stoke ta kare a matsayi na 16. Ya zira kwallaye biyu duka biyun manyan hare -hare ne a kan Nottingham Forest da Blackburn Rovers.
Etebo ya fara jinkiri zuwa kakar 2019–20 saboda shigarsa Najeriya a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019. Stoke ta fara kakar wasa cikin mummunan yanayi kuma ta tsinci kan ta a wuraren faduwa daga gasar Championship wacce ta kashe manajan Nathan Jones aikinsa a watan Nuwamba na 2019. A karkashin sabon manaja Michael O'Neill, an cire Etebo daga cikin tawagar tare da O'Neill yana sukar kokarinsa na horo. Wannan ya kai shi ga alakanta shi da barin kulob din a watan Janairun 2020.
A cikin Janairu 2020, Etebo ya koma Getafe na La Liga a matsayin aro don ragowar kakar 2019-20 tare da zaɓi don siye. Etebo ya buga wa Getafe kwallo sau 11 a kan SD Eibar amma kulob din ya yanke shawarar hana zabin sayan su.
A ranar 9 ga Satumba 202, Etebo ya koma Galatasaray ta Turkiyya a matsayin aro don kakar 2020-21. Ya buga wa Galatasary wasanni 29 yayin da suka kare a matsayi na biyu, inda ya rasa taken Beşiktaş akan banbancin raga.
Watford (aro)
A ranar 9 ga Yulin 2021, Etebo ya koma sabuwar kungiyar Watford ta Premier da aka inganta a yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon lokaci tare da zabin saye. A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2021, ya fara buga wasansa na farko na Watford a wasan farko da suka fafata da Aston Villa, inda Watford ta ci 3-2.
Aikin duniya
Etebo ya fara wasansa na kasa da kasa a ranar 27 ga Yuli 2013 da Côte d'Ivoire a cikin rashin nasara 2-0 a Abidjan yayin yakin neman cancantar Gasar Cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2014 ga 'yan wasan gida. Ya kuma buga wasa da Jordan a wasan sada zumunci na duniya a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 2013. A watan Disambar 2015, ya taimaka wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 23 ta Najeriya zuwa gasar cin kofin Afirka ta' yan kasa da shekara 23 a Senegal. wanda ya fi kowa zira kwallaye tare da kwallaye biyar, gami da kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Algeria 2-1 a wasan karshe. Dukan burin biyu an nuna su da zurfin gudu daga ƙungiyarsa. Kasancewar ya kusan tabbatar da cancantar Najeriya zuwa wasannin Olympic, daga baya Najeriya ta zaɓe shi a cikin mutane 35 na wucin gadi don wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2016. Bayan isowarsa cikin tashin hankali a Brazil, ya zura kwallaye hudu a ragar Japan a wasan rukuni na farko na Najeriya. Wasan ya kare da Najeriya da ci 5 - 4. Ya ji rauni a wasan na uku na gasar, ya taka rawar gani a cikin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu ta lashe tagulla. Etebo memba ne na cikakkiyar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya.
An sanya sunan Etebo a cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya 23 da za su buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2018 a Rasha. Ya fara duk wasannin Najeriya uku na rukuni wanda ya sa suka doke Iceland amma sun sha kashi a hannun Argentina da Croatia wanda hakan ke nufin sun kasa tsallakewa zuwa matakin na gaba.
Daraja
Najeriya U23
Adadama
Adadama wani kauye ne da ke cikin lardin karamar hukumar Abi a jihar Kuros Riba, a Kasar Najeriya.
Bankin Raya Afirka ta Yamma
Samarwa
An kirkiro BOAD ne a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1973 ta jihohin membobin Kungiyar Kudi ta Yammacin Afirka (WAMU). Yarjejeniyar ta asali ta mayar da hankali kan ci gaban tattalin arzikin membobin zuwa ci gaba mai daidaituwa da kuma shirya tattalin arziki don hadin kan tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Yamma a nan gaba. A shekara ta 1994, ya zama bangaren ci gaba na Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi ta Yammacin Afirka (WAEMU / UEMOA).
Aikin
BOAD ta fitar da wata sanarwa ta manufa a cikin shekara ta 2001, inda ta sake mayar da hankali ga kudaden su kan manufofi uku na ci gaba: rage talauci, hadewar tattalin arziki da inganta ayyukan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Bankin yana ba da rance na dogon lokaci da na matsakaici, wanda a baya ana samunsa ne kawai ga gwamnatocin membobin BOAD da cibiyoyin jama'a, tun daga shekara ta 2002 ana ba da su ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da ke da hannu a ayyukan ci gaba na muhimmancin yanki da kuma layin bashi don tallafawa ayyukan Micro-credit da ƙananan kamfanoni masu masu zaman kansu. BOAD kuma tana tallafawa shirye-shiryen sauƙaƙe bashi ga gwamnatocin membobin tare da yarjejeniyar cewa ana karkatar da kudade zuwa shirye-shiryin kiwon lafiya musamman wadanda ke hulɗa da cutar kanjamau / AIDS, ilimi da inganta kayan aikin more rayuwa.
Tsauri
Wannan Kauye ne a karamar hukumar Kurfi, dake a jihar Katsina.
Kebba Ceesay
Kebba Ceesay (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1987) dan wasan Gambiya ne wanda ke buga wa Vasalunds IF a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden Superettan a matsayin mai tsaron baya. Ya kuma riƙe ƙasar Sweden.
Aikin wasan kwallon kafa
Ceesay ya koma Djurgården daga IK Brage a farkon kakar shekara ta 2007, kuma ya buga wasan farko na Allsvenskan ga Djurgården a wasan tsere na Stockholm da Hammarby IF a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta a shekara ta, 2007. Yawanci yana wasa a matsayin dama duk da cewa shi da kansa yana ɗaukar kansa a matsayin mai tsaron baya. Ceesay ta ziyarci yankin Notts County na Ingilishi don gwaji a cikin Nuwamba a shekara ta, 2009, amma ba a canza wuri ba. Ceesay ya fara buga wa Gambia wasa ne tare da Namibia tare da wani dan wasan Djurgården Pa Dembo Touray. Tare da kwantiraginsa ya kare bayan kakar shekarar, 2012 ya bayyana cewa ba zai yarda ya zauna a benci a Djurgården ba. Ya karɓi tayin kwantiragi daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Major League Portland Timbers amma a maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya sa hannu tare da ƙungiyar Poch Lech Poznań a watan Agustan shekara ta, 2012. A ranar 18 ga watan Yulin shekara ta, 2016 ya koma Djurgårdens IF kan yarjejeniyar shekara 2,5.
Tuni a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta, 2018, an tabbatar, Ceesay ya sanya hannu tare da IK Sirius kuma zai koma kungiyar don kakar shekarar, 2019 akan kwantiragin shekara daya kaca.
Kulab
1 har da SuperCup na Poland.
Wazobia FM Port Harcourt
Wazobia FM 94.1 gidan rediyon Pidgin turanci ne na Najeriya a Fatakwal, Jihar Ribas. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 2007 kuma na kamfanin Globe Communications Limited ne.
Shahararriyar hanyar ban dariya ta hanyar watsa shirye-shirye, tashar tana watsa shirye-shiryen labarai, fasali, wasanni, kiɗa (daga shahararriyar kiɗan Najeriya, hip hop, highlife zuwa kiɗan duniya da reggae ), nunin magana, batutuwan da suka shafi batutuwa da hirarraki.
Marina DeBris
Marina DeBris sunan ne da wata mai fasaha ta Australiya ke amfani da shi wanda aikinsa ya mayar da hankali kan sake amfani da sharar don wayar da kan jama'a game da gurbatar teku da bakin teku. DeBris yana amfani da sharar da aka wanke daga bakin teku don ƙirƙirar sharar, 'tankunan kifi', fasahar ado da sauran ayyukan fasaha. Ta kuma yi amfani da sharar bakin teku don ba da hangen nesa guda ɗaya kan yadda ƙasa za ta yi kama da sararin samaniya. Kazalika ƙirƙirar zane-zane daga tarkace, DeBris kuma shine mai tara kuɗi don ƙungiyoyin muhalli, kuma yana haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da makarantu don ilimantar da yara game da gurɓacewar teku. A cikin 2021, DeBris ta sami kusan fuskoki 300 a bakin rairayin bakin teku, kuma ta yi amfani da su a cikin sharar ta da sauran abubuwan nunin.
DeBris ita ma yar gwagwarmaya ce ta zamantakewa. A cikin 2011 ta shiga cikin wani kwamiti kan yadda masu fasaha za su iya ba da gudummawa ga manufofin jama'a na muhalli, haɓaka makamashi mai tsafta da kuma kula da nune-nunen fasahar muhalli. DeBris ta yi aiki tare da marasa riba don tara kuɗi don ilimin fasaha. DeBris an jera ta tare da Directory Artists na Muhalli na Mata.
Ilimi da rayuwar sirri
DeBris ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Indiana da Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island. Ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a New York City, London, Ingila, da Sydney, Australia. An haife ta a Detroit, ta rayu a Los Angeles,  kuma a halin yanzu tana zaune a Ostiraliya.
Salo da wuraren zama
Ayyukan DeBris galibi ana nuna su a cikin ɗakunan ajiya,  a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na teku, Sculpture by the Sea,    wanda aka nuna a cikin mujallu, an haɗa su cikin abubuwan kimiyya, an haɗa su cikin Cibiyar Wanke Ashore na Cibiyar Smithsonian, ko ƙungiyoyi kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya za su iya amfani da su azaman lambobin yabo. Hakanan ana nuna ayyukanta a wuraren da ba a saba tunanin su azaman kayan tarihi ba, amma wuraren fasaha ne duk da haka, kamar wuraren sayar da kayayyaki, Burning Man, ƙwallon kwandon shara, yawo a cikin gari, tsabtace ruwan rafi na Rana ta Duniya, da muhalli kuma Nunin Adalci na Dabbobi.
DeBris kuma tana haɗin gwiwa ko aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na yaƙi da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, kamar Abokan Ballona Wetlands, 5 Gyres, RuckusRoots, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Musamman kan Canjin Yanayi Heal the Bay da sauran ƙungiyoyi, kamar Aquarium na Pacific. Marina DeBris kuma ta tsara kayan haɗi don Kyaftin Charles J. Moore, wanda ya yi aiki don kawo hankali ga Babban Sharan Ruwa na Pacific. Ayyukan DeBris tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Musamman shine haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo/mawaki Sheryl Lee, mai rawa Maya Gabay, da kuma mawaƙa Marla Leigh.
DeBris ta kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ginin ofis, Cibiyar MLC, don haskaka matsalolin kofuna na kofi. Cibiyar MLC ta dauki nauyin aikinta na "Gaskiya da za a iya zubarwa" da aka yi daga kofuna na kofi da aka yi amfani da su.
Kyauta
"Shagon Rashin jin daɗi" na DeBris ya kasance haɗin gwiwa mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Allen People's Choice Award a 2017 Sculpture By the Sea. An kuma ba da "Kantin Ƙarfafawa" tare da Tallafin Tsarin Muhalli na Ruwa na Sydney saboda aikinta kan gurɓacewar ruwa da cinyewa, kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Magajin Garin Waverley. Marina kuma ta sami nasarar tallafin karatu na Helen Lempriere.
Ilimi Na Musamman
Ra’ayoyin Ma’anar Ilimi na Musamman
Kenan idan muka taƙaita, sai mu ce, ilimi na musamman wani sashe ne a cikin fannin ilimi, wanda ke kula da dukkanin abubuwan da suka shafi koyo da kuma koyar da yara masu keɓantattun buƙatu, kamar irin su horas da malamai na musamman dabarun karantarwa na musamman domin su zaƙulo yaran da ke da buƙatun musamman a fagen karantarwa tare kuma da samar da muhalli da kayan aikin da suka dace.
Amfanin Ilimi na Musamman
Wannan fanni yana da matuƙar amfani a fagagen da suka haɗa da;
1. Bayar da horo ga masu naƙasa, abin da yake basu damar da suke ganin kansu a matsayin mutane masu dogaro da kansu, waɗanda za su iya bayar da gudunmawa wajen cigaban ƙasa.
2. Baiwa naƙasassu cikakkiyar goggaya da kuma samun sanuwa a cikin al’umma ko dai ta hanyar cuɗanya a makaranta, ko kuma a guraren cuɗanya da jama’a kamar irin su wasanni, tarurrukan siyasa da sauransu.
Hazo
Hazo Wani yanayin, gajimare ne, ana kiransa da (aerosol) a turance, Yanayin ya ƙunshi ɗigon ruwan na dindindin, kristal mai daskarewa, ko wasu barbashi da aka dakatar a cikin yanayin jikin duniya ko makamancin haka. Ruwa ko wasu sunadarai daban -daban na iya tsara ɗigon ruwa da lu'ulu'u. A doron ƙasa, ana samun gajimare sakamakon ɗimbin iska lokacin da aka sanyaya shi zuwa raɓa, ko kuma lokacin da ya sami isasshen danshi (galibi a cikin yanayin tururin ruwa ) daga wani maƙwabcin kusa don ɗaga alamar raɓa ga yanayin zazzabi. Suna gani a Duniya ta homosphere, wanda ya hada da troposphere, stratosphere, kuma mesosphere.
Ilimi Na Musamman
Amfanin Ilimi na Musamman
3. Yana taimakawa malaman makaranta da iyayen yara wajen fahimtar irin bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yara da kuma biya musu buƙatu gwargwadon hali.
4. Rage adadin yara masu watsar da karatu su zauna a makaranta, su ci cikakkiyar moriyar manhajar da aka tsara musu.
Hazo
Asalin Kalma
Ana iya samun asalin kalmar "girgije" a cikin tsoffin kalmomin Ingilishi clud ko clod, ma'ana tudu ko taro na dutse. A kusa da farkon karni na 13, an fara amfani da kalmar a matsayin kwatancen girgije na ruwan sama, saboda kamanceceniya a cikin bayyanar tsakanin babban dutsen da girgije mai tarin yawa. Da shigewar lokaci, amfani da kalmar kalma ta maye gurbin tsohon weolcan, wanda ya kasance kalma ta zahiri ga gajimare gaba ɗaya.
Ilimi Na Musamman
Amfanin Ilimi na Musamman
5. Samar da guraben ayyukan yi ga ƙwararru a fannin, kamar aikin karantarwa da sauransu.
Reece Williams (mai wasan kurket)
Reece Williams (an haife shi a ranar 16 Nuwambar 1988), ɗan wasan kurket ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi wasansa na farko a matakin farko don Northern Cape a 2007–2008 Sunfoil Cup 3-day Cup a kan 14 Fabrairun 2008. Ya sanya Jerinsa na halarta na farko don Arewacin Cape a cikin 2007–2008 CSA Ƙalubalen Rana ɗaya na Lardi akan 17 Fabrairun 2008.
Oi
Oi ko OI na iya nufin to:
Nupenci
Nupenci (Dibo) harshen Nupe a Nijeriya ne.
Magen Himalayan
Himalayan (aka Persia na Himalayan, ko kuma Persian Colourpoint kamar yadda ake yawan kiransa a Turai), wani nau'i ne ko nau'in zuriya mai dogon gashi mai kamanceceniya da Farisa, ban da shuɗayen idanunsa da launin launinsa, waɗanda aka samu daga ƙetare Farisa tare da Siamese. Wasu masu yin rajista na iya sanya Himalayan a matsayin ɗan asalin Siamese mai gashi mai gashi, ko kuma ɗan asalin yankin Farisa. Catungiyar Cat ta Duniya ta haɗu da su tare da Colorpoint Shorthair da Javanese zuwa wani nau'in, Colorpoint.
Tarihi
Babu wani ɗan bayani ko kaɗan daga wallafe-wallafe ko zane-zane na farko don nuna yadda tsoffin manyan kungiyoyin kuliyoyi guda huɗu suke; wadannan nau'ikan tabbab ne guda biyu, mai launi daya mai launin fari ko fari, da lemu mai nasaba da jima'i (marmalade ko kuliyoyin kuliyoyi ) Kari akan haka, akwai wasu nau'ikan kuliyoyin da mutane ke sarrafawa sosai, kamar su Manx, Persian, Siamese, da Abyssinian, don kaɗan amma kaɗan. wararrun kungiyar suna ɗaukan Farisancin Himalayan kawai bambancin launi na Farisa maimakon wani nau'in na daban, kodayake suna yin gasa a cikin nasu bambancin launi. Ya kasance don launi ne aka sa wa nau'in sunan "Himalayan": ishara ce ga launin dabbobi na Himalayan, musamman ma kan zomo na Himalayan. An ba da shawarar cewa kuliyoyin Fusawan masu dogon gashi sun fito ne daga kyanwar Pallas, Felis manul, kyanwar dajin da ke zaune a tsakiyar Asiya kuma wanda ba shi da alama ko tabo ko ratsi kuma yana da gashi mai laushi mai tsayi sosai. Akwai, duk da haka, babu wani abu na tarihi ko wata hujja game da wannan kuma yana iya yiwuwa cewa kuliyoyin gida masu dogon gashi sakamakon zaɓin ɗan adam ne don wannan sifar ta mutane.
Har yanzu ana yin gwaji don gano magabatan kuliyoyi kamar Himalayans. Misalin wannan bincike da gwaji shine a cikin wadannan: Wani bambancin launin launuka na mink na Amurka (Neovison vison), wanda aka gano a wani wurin kiwon dabbobi a Nova Scotia kuma ake magana da shi a matsayin  marbled  iri-iri, yana ɗauke da launi na musamman tsarin rarrabuwa wanda yayi kama da na wasu nau'in, misali, kifin Siamese da beran Himalayan.
Yi aiki don kafa ƙa'idodi tare da halayen Farisa da Siamese haɗe, a bayyane don kyanwa, ya fara a Amurka a cikin 1930s a Jami'ar Harvard, ƙarƙashin kalmar Siamese – Persian, kuma an buga sakamakon a cikin Jaridar Heredity a shekara ta 1936,  amma ba a karɓe su azaman sanannen asali ba daga wasu manyan ƙungiyoyin fansa a lokacin. Brian Sterling-Webb da kansa ya haɓaka nau'in gicciye na tsawon shekaru goma a cikin Burtaniya, kuma a cikin Shekara ta 1955 aka amince da shi a matsayin Longhaired Colourpoint ta Hukumar Gudanar da Cat Fancy (GCCF).
Katsinawa (kauje)
Katsinawa (kauje)wata karamar hukuma ce a Mai Aduwa dake ka jahar katsina
Magen Himalayan
Tarihi
Jean Mill na Kalifoniya ya dauki darasi da yawa na karatun digiri na kwayar halitta a UC Davis, kuma zuwa shekara ta 1948 yana ɗaya daga cikin masu kiwo uku da ke aiki don haɓaka kifin Himalayan.
Rabe kokarin da ake yi na kiwo a Amurka ya fara ne a kusa da shekara ta 1950, kuma mai kiwo da aka sani da tushe kamar yadda Mrs. Goforth ta sami karramawa daga Fanungiyar Fanungiyar Fanwararrun Fanwararrun (wararrun (wararru (CFA) a ƙarshen shekara ta  1957 don Himalayan. Masu sana'ar farko sun fi sha'awar ƙara kalar Siamese ga kuliyoyi masu dogon gashi, don haka suka ƙarfafa samfurin ta hanyar yin kiwo ga Farisa don kawai su riƙe ikon Persia. Koyaya, a cikin shekara ta 1960s, wasu sun sake gabatar da kayan Siamese kuma suka samar da kuliyoyin "salon Persia",  A cikin shekara ta 1980s, wani yunƙuri na sake kafa ƙirar ta hanyar layin Farisawa na yau da kullun wanda hakan ya haifar da nau'in shiga cikin Farisanci a matsayin bambance-bambancen a cikin wasu rajista (misali a cikin Shekara ta  1984 ta CFA), da raguwa a cikin "tsoffin" ko samfurin Siamese.
Ikon Mallakar Abinci
Mallakar abinci tsarin abinci ne wanda mutanen da ke noma abinci, suke rarrabawa, kuma suke amfani da abinci har wayau suke da alhakin sarrafa wa da samar da tsarin shukawa da rarraba abincin. Wannan tsarin ya sha bambam da tsarin abinci na masana'antu a yau, inda kamfanoni da cibiyoyin kasuwanci ke da alhakin sarrafa tsarukan abinci na duniya. Mallakar abinci tana jaddada muhimmanci akan tattalin arzikin abinci na gargajiya, wadatar abinci mai dorewa, kuma ta daidaita kan tsarin samar da abinci da suka dace da al'du. Canje-canjen yanayi da rushewar hanyoyin samar da abinci sun yi tasiri sosai ga mutanen karkara da kuma damar samun abinci na al'ada yayin da suke ba fuskantar kamuwa da wasu cututtuka; saboda wannan dalilai, ikon mallakar abinci ta'allak ne akan mutanen asalin yanki. Kungiyoyin duniya da dama sun magance wadannan bukatu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ciki har da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, tare da kasashe da dama da ke daukar manufofin ikon mallakar abinci a matsayin doka. Masu sukar fafutukar neman 'yancin abinci sun yi imanin cewa an kafa tsarin ne bisa zato mara inganci; anyi watsi ne da asalin matsalolin da ake fuskanta; kuma tsarin na fama da rashin haɗin kai don shawarwarin mafita.
Ma'ana
Mambobin kungiyar manoma ta Via Campesina ne suka fara kirkiro kalmar "mallakar abinci" a shekarar 1996, sannan daga bisani kungiyoyin duniya da dama, ciki har da Bankin Duniya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka fara amfani da kalmar. A cikin shekara ta 2007, "Sanarwar Nyéléni " ta ba da ma'anar da ƙasashe 80 suka karɓa; a shekara ta 2011 kasashen Turai sun fara amfani da kalmar. Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, aƙalla ƙasashe bakwai sun haɗa tsarin ikon mallakar abinci cikin kundin tsarin mulki da dokokinsu.
Tarihi
Hakan yazo daidai da ɗan lokaci tare da ƙa'idodin ƙungiyar Slow Food, tarihin ikon mallakar abinci a matsayin kungiya za'a iya cewa bai dade ba. Duk da haka, kungiyar tana samun karbuwa yayin da kasashe da yawa ke daukar matakai masu mahimmanci don aiwatar da tsarin abinci wanda ke magance rashin daidaito na abinci.
Tarukan duniya
A taron shekara ta 2007 don ikon mallakar abinci a Sélingué, Mali, wakilai 500, ƙasashe sama da 80 sun amince da "Sanarwar Nyéléni ", wanda ke cewa a wani bangare:"Mallakar abinci shine haƙƙin al'umma don samun lafiyayyen abinci mai dacewa da al'ada da ake samarwa ta ingantacciyar hanya da muhalli mai dorewa, da kuma haƙƙinsu na ayyana tsarin abincinsu da yanayin noman su. Tsarin na sanya waɗanda ke samar da abinci, rarrabawa da kuma cin abincin a tsakiyar tsarin abinci da manufofi maimakon buƙatun kasuwanni da kamfanoni. Yana kare muradu da shigar da na gaba. Tsarin yana ba da dabaru don yin tsaye da wargaza tsarin kasuwancin kamfanonin abinci da tsarin abinci na yanzu, da kuma hanyoyin abinci, noma, kiwo da tsarin kiwon kifi wanda manoman gida suka tsara. Mallakar abinci yana ba da fifiko kan tattalin arziki na gida da na ƙasa da kasuwanni kuma yana ba wa kananan manoma da masu noman gandu damar aikin noma, kamun kifi, kiwo da kiwon dabbobi, da samar da abinci, rarraba su da kuma ci ko amfani dasu bisa dorewar muhalli, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki."A cikin watan Afrilun 2008 Ƙididdigar Kimiyya da Fasaha Noma da Kiwo ta Duniya (IAASTD), wani kwamiti ne na gwamnatoci da ke ƙarƙashin tallafin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Bankin Duniya, sun samar da ma'anar kamar haka: "An ayyana ikon mallakar abinci a matsayin 'yancin mutane da ƙasashe masu iko domin su tantance manufofinsu na noma da tsare-tsaren abinci ta hanyar yarda da amincewar mutane."
Kasancewa daga cikin manufofin gwamnati
Batutuwa na samar da abinci, rarraba su da samun damar isa gare su ba abu bane mai sauki na siyasa ko kuma ba tare da an soke tsarin ba. Misali, amincewa da juyin yanayi na samar da abinci wato "Green Revolution" a kasashe da dama na fadin duniya ya kara samar da abinci a duniya amma bai "warware" matsalolin yunwa ba a duniya. Masu fafutuka kan ikon mallakar abinci suna jayayya cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda wannan hanzarin bai magance damar samun fili ko rarraba ikon tattalin arziki ba. Wasu kuma sunyi jayayya da cewa ikon mallakar abinci ya dogara ne akan zato mara kyau game da rawar da noma ke takawa ga manufofin gwamnati. Bangarorin noma na ikon mallakar abinci sun sanya kungiyar a yanayi na rikici da cigaban duniya, haɓaka masana'antu, da sauran tsare-tsare.
A cikin watan Satumba 2008, kasar Ecuador ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta sanya tsarin ikon mallakar abinci a cikin kundin tsarin mulkinta. Ya zuwa karshen shekara ta 2008, an fara tsara wata doka wacce ake sa ran za ta fadada wannan tanadin tsarin mulki ta hanyar hana kwayoyin halittu da aka gyara, da kare yankuna da dama na kasar daga fitar da albarkatun ta da ba za a iya sabunta su ba, da kuma hana shuka abinci iri daya tak a fili. An tsara dokar ne ta yadda zata wanzuwarhalittu a matsayin mallakar fasaha na gaba daya da kuma amincewa da Hakkokin Muhalli.
Tun daga nan kasashen Venezuela, Mali, Bolivia, Nepal da Senegal; da kuma na baya-bayan nan Masar (Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na 2014) sun kara tsarin ikon mallakar abinci cikin kundin tsarin mulkinsu ko dokokin ƙasashen su.
Yanayi
Canjin yanayi yana yin tasiri matuka ga damar samar da abinci na al'umma na asali, wanda ya hada da mutanen tsibirin Pacific da waɗanda ke yankin kankara na duniya wato "Circumpolar North", saboda hauhawar matakan teku ko zaizayar ƙasa.
Ire-Iren Abinci
Masu fafutuka kan tsarin sun yi iƙirari da cewa ikon mallakar abinci na asali na a matsayin ire-iren abinci na yau da kullun saboda abincin mutane na asalin yakan zama ingantaccen abinci a al'adance, waɗanda ke wajen waɗannan al'ummomin ke so. Sinadaran abinci wadanda suka zama ginshiƙan abincin al'adu, waɗanda ke da wahala ga waɗannan al'ummomin su samu, ana asarar su saboda ƙarin buƙatu na samun su daga mutanen asali da ke wajen yankin.
Mallakar abinci na mutanen asalin Amurka
’Yan asalin ƙasar Amurka sun sami matsala ta kai tsaye wajen samu da shirya abincinsu na asali kuma hakan ya haifar da matsaloli na lafiya, kamar ciwon siga da cututtukan zuciya. Masu fafutukar neman yancin abinci na asali a Amurka sun yi ikirarin cewa kauracewa abincin asali da mutane sukayi ya haifar da karancin abinci. Ƙungiyoyin masu fafutuka suna ba da shawarar sake farfado da al'adun gargajiya, haɓaka hanyoyin samar da abinci n gargajiya, ' yancin abinci, da ikon mallakar iri.
Tsarin mallakar abinci da wadatar abinci ga mutanen asalin yanki na da alaƙa ta kut da kut da wurin da suke zama. Hanyoyin samar da abinci na gargajiya na Amurka suna da alaƙa da ƙasashen kakanni na al'ummar Amurka, musamman ga waɗanda ke rike da al'adunsu. Alal misali, an koyar da shi a cikin Muckleshoot cewa "ƙasar da ke ba da abinci da magunguna da muke bukata wani bangare ne na mu."
An bayyana rushewar hanyoyin samar da abinci na gargajiya da cewa yana da alaƙa da katsewar alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙasar ƴan asalin ƙasar ta gargajiya da mutanensu, canjin da Rachel V. Vernon ta kwatanta da cewa tana da alaƙa da "wariyar launin fata, mulkin mallaka, da kuma asarar 'yancin kai da mulki." Kasashen da suka riga sun yi mulkin mallaka sun kasance masu fa'ida kuma suna bunƙasa tare da abinci na gargajiya. Saboda cututtuka da yaƙe-yake, ƴan asalin ƙasar a farkon ƙarni na 20 sun samu matsala sosai wajen iya siye da shirya abincinsu. Baya ga wannan, ƙaura daga ƙasashen kakanni na ƙara iyakance hanyoyin abinci na gargajiya. Yawancin ’yan asalin ƙasar Amurka yanzu suna zama a cikin hamadar abinci. Saboda rashin isassun abinci ko hana samun abinci, ƴan asalin ƙasar suna fama da rashin daidaituwar abinci idan aka kwatanta da sauran jama'ar Amurka. A abubuwan da aka tanada, "'abin da aka sarrafa sosai, da sukari mai yawa, mai mai yawa, da abincin da aka sarrafa," ya kara ba da gudummawa ga al'amuran kiwon lafiya a cikin 'yan asalin ƙasar, wanda ke haifar da ƴan asalin ƙasar a Amurka suna da mafi girman adadin ciwon sukari da cututtukan zuciya a cikin al'ummar. Baya ga wannan, galibin ƴan asalin ƙasar suma suna rayuwa ne ba tare da an ware su ba, don haka ana ƙara cire su daga hanyoyin abinci na gargajiya.
Saboda al'ummar asalin Amurkawa suna da kima a kasar Amurka, sun sami taimako kaɗan don gyara hanyoyin abinci na gargajiya. Kamar yadda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta Indiyawan Amirka ta ayyana, ikon mallakar kabilanci yana tabbatar da cewa duk wani shawara game da ƙabilun game da dukiyoyinsu da ƴan ƙasa an yi su tare da sa hannu da yardarsu. Gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka ta amince da ƙabilun Amirkawa a matsayin gwamnatoci daban-daban, masu adawa da "ƙungiyoyin sha'awa na musamman, daidaikun mutane, ko ... wani nau'in ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu."
Tarihi
Turawan mulkin mallaka sun wargaza waɗannan ma'auni masu ma'amala da muhalli bayan "gano Amurka" Christopher Columbus a 1492. Bayan zuwan Turawa, ’yan asalin Amurka sun kwashe kayansu har ma da yunwa a matsayin dabarar mulkin mallaka a kan ƙasashen ’yan asali. Mazaunan Turawa sun shigo da dabbobin gida cikin Amurka, suna kawo sabbin cututtuka tare da su. Turawan mulkin mallaka sun yi niyya kan shagunan abinci musamman kuma sun canza abincin ƴan asalin Amirkawa sosai, ikonsu na samun albarkatu, da samar da abinci.
Sabbin tsarukan abinci da sabbin mazauna Amurkawa suka samar, sun tilastawa asalin Amurkawa dogaro da abinci da aka sarrafa da yawa akan wuraren ajiyar Indiya da al'ummomin ƴan asalin gaba ɗaya. An tilasta wa kabilun asali shiga wani yanayi na rashin abinci kuma an sanya su cikin wani wuri a cikin al'umma inda ba za a iya samun damar samun wasu hanyoyin samun lafiya ko abincin da ake nomawa ba. Tare da asarar ikon mallakar abinci, an kuma yi asarar filaye, yayin da Indiyawan suka ƙaura da tilastawa. Bayan majalisar ta zartar da dokar kasa da kasa ta Indiya a shekara ta 1851, an tilasta wa duk 'yan asalin ƙasar shiga wuraren ajiyar Indiya, sun rasa ikon noma ƙasa da dogaro da hanyoyin rayuwa na gargajiya.
Ayyuka
Asalin mazauna ƙasar Amirka a yau suna fafutukar neman yancin abinci a matsayin hanyar magance matsalolin lafiya, suna komawa ga abincinsu na al’ada don waraka. Komawa cin abinci na gargajiya yana da ƙalubale, idan akayi la'akari da tarihin ƙaura da kashe al'adu. Anyi rasa ko kuma asarar yawancin tarihin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka na abincin al'adun gargajiya kuma suna da wahala a kara kirkiransu.
Masu fafutukar kare hakkin abinci na 'yan asalin kasar Amurka sun yi ikirarin cewa al'ummomin 'yan asalin kasar sun yi gudun hijira daga gidajen abinci na gargajiya, wanda ya haifar da karancin abinci. Ana zargin cewa hanya mafi inganci don samun wadatar abinci ga ’yan asalin yanki ita ce karin tsare-tsare wajen samar da abinci. Wasu masu fafutuka kuma suna jayayya game da ikon mallakar abinci a matsayin hanyar warkar da raunukan tarihi da kuma hanyar mallakar yankunan daga masu mulkin mallaka. A cikin {asar Amirka, Cibiyar Sadarwar Abinci ta 'Yan Asalin da Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Abinci ta Amirka, suna aiki don ilmantarwa da tsara manufofi da suka shafi tsaro na abinci da noma. Wani rukunin da ya mayar da hankali kan buƙatar abinci da ikon mallakar makamashi shine White Earth Anishnaabeg daga Minnesota, waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan abinci iri-iri, dasa shuki da girbin su ta amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya, nau'in lalatawa. Irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna haɗuwa don kafa manufofin ikon mallakar abinci da haɓaka tattalin arziƙin abinci na gida a taron koli kamar Diné Bich'iiya' Summit a Tsaile, Arizona, wanda ya mai da hankali kan abincin gargajiya na Navajo.
Masu fafutukar neman yancin abinci na asali suma galibi suna bayar da muhimmanci wajen samun ikon mallakar iri, kuma galibi akan haƙƙin masu kiwo. Adana iri yana da mahimmanci ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka saboda yana samarwa waɗancan al'ummomin ingantaccen tushen abinci kuma yana bada mahimmanci ga al'adu. Bugu da kari, masu fafutuka kan ikon mallakar iri sau da yawa suna jayayya cewa ceton iri wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci wajen samar da tsarin noma wanda zai iya dacewa da sauyin yanayi.
Bincike da ayyukan ikon mallakar abinci
A cikin shekara ta 2021, cikakken bita na wallafe-wallafe na IFS (Mallakan Abinci na Ƙasa) da ingancin ka'idodin ikon mallakar abinci sun kammala da cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar Amurka da Canada suna da samun karin kiba, rashin abinci, da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 fiye da yawan jama'a.
Ayyukan gwamnati da ke tallafawa tsarin abinci na asali sun kasance sabbin yunƙuri na ɗaga al'ummomin ƴan asalin kuma suna cikin matakan ci gaba masu son ci gaba. Wasu ƙasashe sun ɗauki shirye-shiryen abinci na 'yan asalin shekaru kafin Amurka, gami da Kanada. An ƙirƙiri Jagoran Abinci na Kanada (CFG) a cikin Janairu 2019 a matsayin hanyar haɗa nau'ikan abincin al'adu, maimakon kafa ƙa'idodin abinci a kan al'adu ɗaya ko kaɗan - jagorar ya haɗa da abincin 'yan asalin ƙasa da kuma haɗa ƴan asalin ƙasar cikin shawarwari. A cikin shekara ta 2021, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta ƙaddamar da Tsarin Mallakar Abinci ta 'Yan Asalin. An ƙera wannan yunƙurin don "haɓaka hanyoyin abinci na gargajiya" kamar yadda, kama da Kanada, shirye-shiryen USDA ba su ƙunshi hanyoyin abinci da abinci na 'yan asalin a tarihi ba. Usda ta hadu da kungiyoyi sun riga sun yi hidimar zean asalinsu: Majalisar Dabbobi Aregrad - Majalisar Noma da Noma ta Tsammani da Noma Ƙaddamarwa.
Ayyukan da ba na gwamnati ba, irin su aikin tsari na "Good Life" a Ecuador, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da 'yan asalin al'umma ne ke jagorantar su. "Rayuwa Mai Kyau" ta nuna cewa akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a bi ta hanyar ci gaban al'ummar 'yan asalin da ba su haɗa da tallafin gwamnati ko samar da jihohi ba. A Ecuador, 'yan asalin ƙasar sun haɓaka aikin "Rayuwa Mai Kyau" wanda ke nisanta daga fahimtar jari-hujja da yammacin duniya game da abin da al'umma ke buƙata, kuma a maimakon haka suna mai da hankali kan haɓaka nasarar al'umma ta hanyar jituwa da mutane, yanayi, da kare ƙasarsu - da gaske suna aiki. kai tsaye a cikin al'ummar ƴan asalin ƙasar don kwato ikon abinci.
Ƙungiyoyi a Amurka sun ɗauki irin wannan samfuri zuwa aikin "Good Life" na Ecuador. A California, ƙungiyar UC Berkeley, CARES (Kimanin Al'umma na Sabunta Makamashi da Dorewa) yana aiki tare da PPN (Pinoleville Pomo Nation) a Ukiah, California, don tallafawa ikon mallakar kabilanci. Wannan al'ummar 'yan asalin ta kasance tana aiki tare da CARES tsawon shekaru don tsara gidaje masu ɗorewa da makamashi waɗanda ke nuna al'adunta.