cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Gadanya
Gadanya gari ne dake a karamar hukumar Bagwai dake jihar Kano. Gadanya garine mai tarihi Wanda ya kafu a kalla shekarar 900 da kafuwa. gari ne Wanda ya hada kabilun mutane irinsu, Fulani da barebari da sauransu Yana da kacikin manta dagatai, sañan a kwai makarantun Boko da na addinin
Tarihi
Ana ma garin kirari da gadan agadan ta kawaje gadon kaya Hana barchi. Sannan garin yayi iyaka da Jauben yamma daka kudu tayi iyaka da Tudara daka gabas da iyaka da saré saré daga Arewa da iyaka da Alajawa daka yamma.
2003 zaɓen gwamnan jihar Taraba
An gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Taraba a shekarar 2003 a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Ɗan takarar PDP Jolly Nyame ne ya lashe zaben inda ya doke ANPP Abubakar Saad da wasu ƴan takara 6.
Sakamako
Jolly Nyame daga PDP ne ya lashe zaɓen. Ƴan takara 8 ne suka fafata a zaɓen.
Adadin waɗanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,026,950.
Gabashin Turai
Gabashin Turai shine yanki na kasashen kurai dake yankin gabas. Kasashen sun had a da Belarus • Bulgairiya • Kazech • Hungariya • Moldufiniya • Poland • Romainiya • Rash • Slofakiya • Ukraniya]
Julius Momo Udochi
Cif Julius Momo Udochi shi ne Jakadan Najeriya na farko a ƙasar Amurka a 1960-1965. Ya kasance Malami a 1931–1938 kuma Jami’in Kwastam a Ma’aikatan Gwamnatin Najeriya 1938–1945; Mataimakin sakataren, Sakatariyar Najeriya 1945–1947.
Hon. Sakatariyar Lardin ta Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ma'aikata ta Najeriya, Mawallafi "Ma'aikacin Gwamnatin Najeriya" 1939-1945; An kira zuwa Barrister a Law (Hon. Society of the Middle Temple Inn) a 1950; Ya yi aiki da Doka 1950–1960; ya kasance Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Albashi ta Malaman Ƙasa ta Tarayya kuma memba a Bankin Duniya, 1958; Hon. Sakataren ƙungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya kuma memba a kwamitin kula da ilimin shari’a, 1955–1959Ɗ Dan Majalisar Wakilan Najeriya, 1954-1959 da 1965-1966Jakadan Najeriya na farko a Amurka a 1960-1965. ; Hon. Babban Lauyan Gwamnati kuma Kwamishinan Shari'a, Johohin Tsakiyar Yammacin Najeriya, 1967-1975.
Driss Jettou
Driss Jettou ( إدريس جطو ; an haife shi 24 ga Mayu 1945) ɗan siyasan Morocco ne, wanda ya yi aiki,a matsayin Firayim Minista na Morocco daga 2002 zuwa 2007.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Jettou a garin El Jadida a ranar 24 ga Mayu 194, Bayan karatun sakandare a kwalejin El Khawarizmi da ke Casablanca, ya sami Baccalauréat na fasaha a fannin lissafi a 1964. Daga nan ya shiga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jami’ar Rabat inda,ya kammala karatunsa a fannin Physics da Chemistry a shekarar,1966. Ya kuma sami difloma na daidaitawa da gudanarwa na kamfanin Cordwainers Colleges na London a 1967.
Sana'a
Tsakanin 1968 da 1993, Jettou ya shagaltar da muƙamai da yawa na gudanarwa na kamfanonin,Morocco da yawa. Daga nan ya jagoranci kungiyar masana'antun fata ta Morocco (FEDIC) sannan ya kasance memba a kungiyar hadin kan kamfanoni a Morocco (CGEM) sannan ya zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar masu fitar da fata ta Morocco (ASMEX).
Ya rike Wissam na Al'arshi (Grand Chevalier).
A cikin 2008, an yi masa ado a bikin Al'arshi, babban igiyar Wissam Al Arch ta Sarki Mohammed VI. A cikin 2005, a jajibirin ziyarar Sarki Juan Carlos I na Spain zuwa Maroko, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa darajar Grand Cross na Order of Isabella (Babban bambancin Mutanen Espanya). A cikin 2010, an ba shi kyautar Grand Cross na Order of Carlos III. Ita ce mafi girman bambancin jama'a a Spain, wanda Carlos III na Spain ya kirkira a cikin dokar sarauta ta 19 ga Satumba 1771. Ado na nufin "sanar da 'yan ƙasa waɗanda, ta ƙoƙarinsu,yunƙurinsu da aikinsu, sun ba da sabis na ban mamaki ga al'ummar Spain".
Sana'ar siyasa
Jettou ya fara harkar siyasa ne a shekarar 1993 lokacin da sarki Hassan na biyu ya nada shi ministan kasuwanci da masana’antu. Ya kasance Ministan Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi daga Agusta 1997 zuwa Maris 1998. Sannan ya zama ministan harkokin cikin gida daga shekarar 2001 a majalisar ministocin Abderrahmane Youssoufi har zuwa lokacin da Sarki Mohammed VI ya nada shi a matsayin firaminista a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2002. Nadin nasa dai ya janyo ce-ce-ku-ce domin a lokacin shi ba dan kowace jam’iyya ba ne, duk da cewa ya yi mulki ne da kawancen da ke da rinjaye a majalisar. Jam'iyyar Socialist Union of Forces for Progress da Istiqlal Party sune manyan jam'iyyun wannan kawance. A karshen shekara ta 2004, ya yi nasarar jagorantar kasar Maroko zuwa wata yarjejeniya ta kasuwanci mai cike da tarihi da Amurka.
Bayan zaben majalisar dokoki na Satumba 2007, Mohammed VI ya nada shugaban Istiqlal Abbas El Fassi a matsayin magajin Jettou a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2007.
An nada Jettou a matsayin Shugaban Kotun Audit ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agustan 2012, matakin da aka fassara a matsayin ma'anar cewa Sarki Mohammed zai yi cikakken iko da kula da lamuran cin hanci da rashawa.
A cikin Disamba 2019, Sarkin Maroko ne ya nada shi a cikin Kwamitin Musamman kan Model na Ci gaba.
Sanannu
Ƙa idan rubutu akan (Sanannun Mutane), Sune wa'inda suka cancanci a rubuta labari akan su musamman wa'inda suka shahara, ko kuma ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin manyan abin koyi ga jama'a, musamman wa'inda suka shahara ta fannin likitanci, kasuwaci, injiniya da dai suran wa'inda suka shahara ta fannoni daban daban san nan kuma da masana'antun da suka shahara, sannan akwai manyan sarakuna da masu kudi, da yan wasanni irin kwallon kafa, kwallon kwando, da sauran su. Akwai yan wasan kwaikwayo da yan wasan barkwanci da suka shahara a duniya.
Manufar ta taso ne daga masu falsafa game da kima. Akwai suka akan gidajen tarihi da ke tantance ƙiman, ko kimantawa don sanin menene ko abin da ba za a nuna ba, kasancewar ya dogara da rashin sanin ingancin aikin fasaha.
Sananne ya taso ne akan yanke shawara da akayi kan tambayoyin ɗaukar hoto a aikin jarida. 'Yan kasuwa da jaridu na iya ƙoƙarin su ƙirƙiri sanannu wa'inda suka shahara, ko sananne, don ƙara tallace-tallace, kamar yadda yake cikin yellow press
Wani lokaci ana kiran ajin fitattu, idan aka kwatanta da manoma. Sanin wani batu yana ƙayyade wani labarai ne za a haɗa wanda bai cikin Wikipedia na kan layi.
A cikin hujjoji da ke sanarwa yana da alaƙa da transitivity da syllogism. Idan duk A's sananne ne, kuma x shine A, to x sanannen gaskiya ne ta syllogism, amma idan A sananne ne, kuma x shine kashi na A, to x ba lallai bane sananne. Idan x ya fi y shahara, kuma y ya fi z, to x ya fi z, amma idan mutum x ya dauki A a matsayin sananne, kuma A shine juzu'in B, to x ba lallai bane yayi la'akari da B zuwa. zama sananne; misali na mahallin ganganci a cikin ruɗani na dangantakar sunan.
Shirin Radiyon Ukraine na Symphony Orchestra
Mawakan Rediyon Symphony na ƙasar Ukraine ( Ukrainian    ; a baya NRCU Symphony Orchestra, Симфонічний оркестр НРКУ) ita ce ƙungiyar makaɗa ta watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyon Ukrainian tun 1929. Yanzu ƙungiyar mawaƙa wani ɓangare ne na gidan rediyon jama'a na ƙasa UA:PBC.
Tushen maimaitawa da babban wurin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar makaɗa shine Gidan Rikodi na Rediyon Ukrainian, wanda ke Kyiv.
Tarihi
Sabuwar ƙungiyar da aka ƙirƙira na mawaƙa gidan rediyon Ukraine a wancan lokacin, wanda aka fara yi a bainar jama'a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1929, wanda ya biyo bayan yabo mai mahimmanci kuma har yau ana ɗaukar muhimmin lokaci na tarihin al'adun Ukraine. An gayyaci mafi kyawun mawaƙa na tsohon babban birnin Ukraine Kharkiv don shiga ƙungiyar makaɗa da Yakiv Rozenshteyn. Mawakan mawaƙa 45 sun kasance wani ɓangare na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo. Zagayen zagayowar nasa na farko mai nuna ayyukan Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ya fara ne jim kaɗan bayan buɗe 14 ga Oktoba tare da kade-kaɗe na 5 da ɗakin kaɗe-kaɗe na 3.
Nasarorin Orchestras a kiyaye m al'adar Ukraine musamman da kuma Gabashin Turai a general, samar da fiye da 10.000 rikodi na makada ayyukan da aka hadu da samun lambar yabo na girmamawa Collective da kuma ba ilimi matsayi na musamman isa yabo a cikin ci gaban da m art a cikin. Ukraine.
A tsawon shekaru da kungiyar mawaƙan ta hada kai da mashahuran madugu irin su Mykola Kolessa, Natan Rakhlin, Theodore Kuchar, Aram Gharabekian da sauransu da dama – haka kuma sun zagaya a duk fadin Turai da Asiya ciki har da Jamus, Italiya, Faransa, Spain, Poland, Koriya ta Kudu. Iran da Aljeriya.
Lawrence Onoja
Lawrence Anebi Onoja (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948) ya kasance gwamnan mulkin soja na Jihar Filato, daga 1986 zuwa Yuli 1988 sannan kuma yayi gwamnan jihar Katsina har zuwa Disamba 1989 a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Ibrahim Babangida. Daga baya ya zama babban hafsan sojojin Janar Sani Abacha, kafin a kama shi bisa zargin sa hannu a yunkurin juyin mulki. Ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar 1998, sannan ya shiga siyasa bayan dawowa mulkin dimokradiyya a watan Mayun 1999 tare da jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Najeriya.
Farkon rayuwa da Karatu
An haifi Onoja a ranar 10 ga Agusta 1948 a Idekpa Okpiko, karamar hukumar Ohimini a jihar Benue ta asalin jihar Idoma. Ya halarci Kwalejin St. Francis, Otukpo sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Gwamnati da ke Lafia, Jihar Nasarawa (1962-1966). Ya shiga aikin soja a shekarar 1966 a matsayin jami’in kadet.
Onoja ya halarci makarantar horas da sojoji ta Najeriya da ke Kaduna da kuma Mons Officer Cadet School, Aldershot, Ingila. Onoja ya shiga aikin sojan Najeriya a watan Oktoban 1968. Yayin da yake soja, Onoja ya halarci Jami'ar Cameron, Oklahoma da Jami'ar Jihar Oklahoma, inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyyar Siyasa. Daga baya ya sami M.Sc. a Kimiyyar Siyasa daga Jami'ar Jos, sannan ya yi PhD a fannin shari'a da diflomasiyya daga Jami'ar Jos.
Muƙamai
Onoja ya riƙee mukamai daban-daban ciki har da mai ba da shawara kan tsaro a ofishin jakadancin Najeriya da ke birnin Alkahira na kasar Masar. Onoja ya kasance babban hafsan hafsa na Janar Ibrahim Babangida kafin a nada shi gwamnan soja a jihar Filato a watan Yulin 1988.
Gwamnan Soja
Kamar yadda gwamnan soji a jihar Katsina Onoja ya yi fice da gaskiya. A cikin Maris 1989 ya ba da sanarwar cewa, ana yin shawarwarin rancen dalar Amurka miliyan 20 daga Saudi Arabiya don aikin noma na Dam na Zobe, Zobe dam.
Wasu ayyukan baya
Bayan ya bar muƙamin gwamnan Katsina, Onoja ya zama darakta a tsangayar nazarin hadin gwiwa a Kwalejin Kwamanda da Ma’aikata ta Jaji, sannan a shekarar 1991 ya zama babban hafsan hafsoshin Soja da Ministan Tsaro. Daga nan sai aka naɗa shi Janar Kwamandan Runduna ta 3 ta Sojojin Najeriya da ke Jos da Janar Hafsan Sojoji a Fadar Shugaban Ƙasa ta Janar Sani Abacha. A shekarar 1998 aka kama shi bisa zarginsa da hannu a yunkurin tsige Abacha, amma aka sake shi ba tare da gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu ba.
Onoja ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar 1998 a matsayin Manjo Janar. A shekarar 2003 ya kasance mamba a hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya. Onoja ya kasance dan takarar gwamna a zaben jihar Benuwe a shekarar 2003 a jam'iyyar United Nigeria Peoples Party (UNPP). Ya fafata da David Mark a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party (PDP) don zama ɗan takarar Sanata a Benue ta Kudu a watan Disamba 2006. A fafatawar da aka yi, Onoja ya kai ga sanya hannu a wata talla a wata jarida ta kasa mai goyon bayan tsohon gwamnan Benue George Akume. Fafatawar ta yi kusa, inda Mark ya samu kuri’u 1,719 sai Onoja 1,605. Duk da cewa Mark bai samu rinjayen 2/3 da PDP ta buƙata ba, Onoja ta amince da sakamakon.
A watan Afrilun 2009, Shugaba Umaru 'Yar'adua ya naɗa Onoja a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Wasanni ta Ƙasa. A shekarar 2009, al’ummar Idekpa na ƙaramar hukumar Ohimini a jihar Benue sun karrama Onoja da sarautar Ooyame K’Idekpa, ko kuma “Achiever Par Excellence”. Sun kuma buƙace shi da ya tsaya takarar Sanata a 2011.
Ahmad Zaini Dahlan
Ahmad Zayni Dahlan (Arabic) (1816-1886) ya kasance Babban Mufti na Makka tsakanin 1871 da mutuwarsa. Ya kuma rike matsayin Shaykh al-Islam a cikin Hejaz da Imam al-Haramayn (Imam na birane biyu masu tsarki, Makka da Madina). A fannin tauhidi da shari'a, ya bi makarantar Shafi'i ta tunani. Bugu da ƙari, shi masanin tarihi ne kuma masanin tauhidin Ash'ari. An san shi da mummunar sukar da ya yi wa Wahhabism, kasancewar yana daya daga cikin manyan abokan adawarsu, da kuma amincewa da ka'idodin Sufi. Shugaba ne na ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin Shafi'is, yana da mahimmanci a Asiya, inda tasirinsa ya girma tare da almajiransa da yawa.
Ya kasance zuriyar 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani. Ya rubuta, kuma da kansa ya buga ayyuka da yawa kan tarihi, fiqh, da kimiyyar Islama gabaɗaya. Ya koyar da malaman Musulmai da yawa, ciki har da Hussein bin Ali, Sharif na Makka kuma wani lokacin ana daukar shi a matsayin Khalifa na karshe da kuma malaman Musulunci da yawa na kasashen waje, kamar Arsyad Thawil al-Bantani ko Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri.
Ta hanyar almajirinsa, Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi, ya yi tasiri sosai a kan ƙungiyar Barelvi.
Ya mutu a Madina a shekara ta 1886.
Haihuwa da ilimi
An haife shi a Makka a shekarar 1816 ko 1817. Ya fito ne daga dangin Sayyid, kuma ya kasance zuriyar Muhammad kai tsaye a cikin ƙarni na 38 ta hanyar Hasan ibn Ali. An kira mahaifinsa Zayni kuma kakansa Othman Dahlan, saboda haka sunansa.
Ya yi karatu a karkashin [ar] (Arabic) da kuma karkashin Muhammad Sayyid Quds, tsohon Shafi'i Mufti na Makka, Abdullah Siraj al-Hanqi, Yusuf al-Sawy al-Masri al-Maliiki, Ma Mufti na Makka da Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti.
Bayan ya sami digiri a karatun Islama, ya fara yin wa'azi a Makka.
Rayuwa da koyarwa na gaba
A shekara ta 1848, ya fara koyarwa a Masjid al-Haram. An sanya masa suna, a cikin 1871, Sheikh al-Ulama, ko Babban Mufti na Makka.
Yana da dalibai da yawa. Daga cikinsu akwai Hussein bin Ali, Sharif na Makka wanda ya yi nazarin Alkur'ani tare da shi kuma ya kammala haddace shi, Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, Sheikh Mustafa, Usman bin Yahya, Arsyad Thawil al-Bantani, Muhammad Amrullah, Sayyid Abi Bakr Syata, da Ahmad b. Hasan al-'Attas.
Ya kuma koyar da Sayyid Fadl, yayin da yake Makka kafin ya tashi zuwa Constantinople.
Dahlan ya ba da fatwas da yawa, ciki har da wanda ya amince da amfani da na'urorin rediyo don hanyoyin addini ko wanda ya amince le amfani da karafa da kiɗa a lokacin kwanakin addini, wanda ya kasance muhimmiyar damuwa ga Musulmai a Indonesia, la'akari da cewa "yana da kyau idan babu wani abu da ya faru ba bisa ka'ida ba".
Ya bi Sharif Awn ar-Rafiq zuwa Madina a 1885 bayan Hashemite ya yi karo da Osman Pasha. A can, ya mutu a shekara mai zuwa bayan ya ziyarci kabarin Muhammadu. An binne shi a makabartar Al-Baqi, inda Saudi Arabia ta lalata kabarinsa daga baya, tare da dukan makabartar.
Tarihin Kano
Tarihin Kano (Tarikh arbab hadha al-balad al-musamma Kano da Larabci) rubutun hannu ne na yaren larabci wanda ya lissafa, sarakunan Kano.
Takaitaccen bayani
Tarihin Kano jerin sarakunan Kano ne tun daga ƙarni na 10 (goma) Miladiyya. Yana ba da labarin dangi goma sha ɗaya na masu raye -raye (kamar masu cire gishiri, masu yin giya, ko maƙera) waɗanda jagoransu na ruhaniya ya yi musu gargaɗi cewa baƙo zai zo ya sare bishiyar alfarmarsu ya kwace mulkinsu daga gare su: “Idan bai zo cikin ku ba. lokaci, tabbas zai zo a lokacin yaranku, kuma zai ci nasara a duk ƙasar nan ”(Palmer 1928: III: 98). Tabbas, wani mutum ne mai suna Bagauda ya iso ba da daɗewa ba, ya ci nasara, ya zama sarkin Kano na farko bisa ga tarihin, (Palmer 1928: III: 97-100).
Marubuci
A data kasance Kano Chronicle aka yiwuwa a rubuce a cikin Shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da tamanin 1880s da Malam Barka, wani Dan Rimi (high-ranking bawa hukuma) wanda ya yi aiki ga Muhammad Bello, da Sarkin Kano (mulkin Kano) da suka yi sarauta daga shekara ta 1882-1893.
Tarihin na iya wakiltar haɗewar ayyukan da suka gabata. Kwafin na asali har yanzu yana tare da zuriyar Malam Idris al-Khilawiy a Kano.
Fassara
The best-known translation is Sir Richmond Palmer's 1908 English translation. Palmer's 1908 English translation of the Kano Chronicle was derived from a manuscript obtained at Sabon Gari near Katsina, northern Nigeria.
Haka nan akwai fassarar 1933 zuwa Hausa ta Rupert M. East, mai taken Labarun Hausawa da Makwabtansu: Littafi na biyu. Tunda wannan fassarar ta yi amfani da wani tushe daban fiye da fassarar Palmer, rubutun East yana da wasu bambance -bambancen daga rubutun Palmer.
Masu mulki da aka jera
Sarakunan Kano da aka jera a cikin Tarihin Kano da shekarun mulkin.
sune Kamar haka: • #Bagauda (999-1063)
• #Warisi (1063-1095)
• #Nawata and Gawata (1134-1136)
• #Yusa (Tsaraki) (1136-1194)
• #Naguji (1194-1247)
• #Gugua (1247-1290)
• #Shekkarau I (1290-1307)
• #Tsamiya (1307-1343)
• #Osumanu Zamnagawa (1343-1349)
• #Yaji I (1349-1385)
• #Bugaya (1385-1390)
• #Kanajeji (1390-1410)
• #Umaru (1410-1421)
• #Dauda (1421-1438)
• #Abdullahi Burja (1438-1452)
• #Dakauta (1452)
• #Atuma (1452)
• #Yakubu (1452-1463)
• #Muhammad Rimfa (1463-1499)
• #Abdullahi (1499-1509)
• #Muhammad Kisoki (1509-1565)
• #Yakufu (1565)
• #Abubakr Kado (1565-1573)
• #Muhammad Shashere (1573-1582)
• #Muhammad Zaki (1582-1618)
• #Muhammad Nazaki (1618-1623)
• #Kutumbi (1623-1648)
• #Alhaji (1648-1649)
• #Shekkarau II (1649-1651)
• #Muhammad Kukuna (1st reign) (1651-1652)
Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasashen Waje ta Najeriya
An kafa cibiyar kula da harkokin kasa da kasa ta Najeriya ne a shekarar 1961, domin samar da tsarin tunani kan irin alkiblar da ya kamata Najeriya ta bi kan manufofin kasashen waje, dangane da alaka da kasashen waje. Cibiyar tana karkashin jagorancin Babban Darakta, har zuwa yau a gaban Farfesa. Eghosa Osaghae.
Tarihin Kano
Masu mulki da aka jera
• #Soyaki (1652)
• #Muhammad Kukuna (2nd reign) (1652-1660)
Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasashen Waje ta Najeriya
Tarihin farko-farko
An kafa cibiyar kula da harkokin kasashen waje ta Najeriya a shekarar 1961 amma an bude ta a watan Mayun 1963, tare da goyon bayan firaministan tarayyar Najeriya Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. Tallafin kudi na farko ga Cibiyar ya fito ne daga tallafi daga gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya tare da taimakon wasu gwamnatocin kasashen waje da kuma gidauniyar Ford ta Amurka da kuma kudaden shiga daga daidaikun mutane da na kamfanoni.
Tarihin Kano
Masu mulki da aka jera
• #Dadi (1670-1703)
Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasashen Waje ta Najeriya
Tarihin farko-farko
Cibiyar ta kasance daga 1963-1966 a wani gida tun na mulkin mallaka a Onikan, Legas, amma mazauninta na dindindin ya koma unguwar Kofo Abayomi Street a Victoria Island. Tana da katafaren gine-gine na zamani, wanda ya hada da dakin taro mai kujeru 75, sanye da kayan aikin fassara lokaci guda, dakin taro mai daukar mutane 400, da reshen dakin karatu na kundin littattafai da mujallu 100,000, tare da wurin da za a rika tattara jaridu da kasidu. Babban ginin hedkwatar bene mai hawa huɗu ne da kuma wani bene mai hawa uku yana ɗaukar ofisoshin gudanarwa, bincike da ɗakunan taro.
Tarihin Kano
Masu mulki da aka jera
• #Muhammad Sharefa (1703-1731)
Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasashen Waje ta Najeriya
Tarihin farko-farko
Olasupo Ojedokun, wanda shi ne babban darakta na biyu, an jinjina masa kuma shi ne a matsayin wanda ya fara gudanar da wani shiri na Cibiyar Nazarin Tsare-Tsare, Taro da Laccoci, da buga litattafai da kididdiga, tare da mai da hankali kan harkokin Afirka.
Tarihin Kano
Masu mulki da aka jera
• #Kumbari (1731-1743)
• #Alhaji Kabe (1743-1753)
Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasashen Waje ta Najeriya
Rukunin zama memba
Kasancewar NIIA a buɗe take ga duk kan jama'a waɗanda suka kammala karatun jami'a. kuma akwai nau'o'i guda hudu na zama memba: cikakken memba na masu digiri, farfesoshi malamai, jami'an gwamnati, zama memba na rayuwa ga 'yan Najeriya waɗanda ke da memba na baya na akalla shekaru biyar, da membobin kamfanoni na cibiyoyi da kamfanoni.
Tarihin Kano
Masu mulki da aka jera
• #Yaji II (1753-1768)
• #Babba Zaki (1768-1776)
• #Dauda Abasama II (1776-1781)
• #Muhammad Alwali (1781-1807)
• #Sulimanu (Suleiman) (1807-1819)
• #Ibrahim Dabo (1819-1846)
• #Osumanu (Usman I) (1846-1855)
• #Abdullahi (1855-1883)
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Kano Computing shine babban kayan aikin komputa na duniya da farawa software wanda ke a London.
Tarihi
Alex Klein, Saul Klein, da Yonatan Raz-Fridman ne suka kafa Kano a cikin watan JanairuN shekara ta 2013. Sunan kamfanin ya samo asali ne daga Kanō Jigorō, mahaliccin judo.
Haƙƙin ƙirƙirar Kano ya fito ne daga ɗan Klein ɗan shekara 6 Micah, wanda "ya so ya gina kwamfutarsa kuma don ta kasance mai sauƙi da annashuwa kamar Lego " a cewar kamfanin.
Kayayyaki
A watan Agustan Shekara ta 2013, Kano ta ƙaddamar da akwatunan samfuran Kwamfuta na Kano na farko. Kit ɗin ya ƙunshi ƙaramin kebul na USB, litattafan samfur da yawa, akwati, Raspberry Pi 1, da katin SD da aka ɗora da farkon sigar Raspbian OS. An sayar da duk samfuran guda 200 da aka saki.
A cikin shekara ta 2014, Kano ta ƙaddamar da Kit ɗin Kwamfuta na Kano, kayan aikin komputa na ilimi wanda aka ƙera don koyar da haɗa kayan aiki da ƙwarewar shirye -shirye. Yana da aka gina a kan Rasberi PI allon kayan wutan da kamfanin ta al'ada bude-source tsarin aiki, Kano OS.
A cikin shekara ta 2018, Kano ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Warner Bros don fitar da wutan lantarki na Harry Potter da nufin ilimantar da yara kan kodin. Manufar samfurin wand ɗin, kamar yadda Kano ta bayyana, shine "koyar da masu son Harry Potter, da matasa masu sha'awar fasahar fasaha, tushen harsuna kamar JavaScript, wanda daga nan za su iya amfani da na zahiri, kamar a cikin aiki na gaba. ko sha'awa. "
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Ƙungiyar Tafiya ta Afirka ( ATA ) ƙungiya ce t
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Kayayyaki
Hakanan a cikin Shekara ta 2018, Kano ta fitar da na'urorin firikwensin motsi tare da jigogin Frozen da Star Wars a cikin haɗin gwiwa na shekaru da yawa tare da Disney. An ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da na'urorin biyu don yin daidai da fitowar 2018 na Frozen 2 da Star Wars: Yunƙurin Skywalker. Na'urar motsi na USB tana gano motsi a gaban rakodin firikwensin kuma an ba masu amfani ikon yin shirye -shiryen abubuwa dangane da motsi da aka yi amfani da shi sama da na'urar.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
a kasuwanci mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai zaman kanta wadda aka kafa a 1975.
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Kayayyaki
A cikin shekara ta 2019, kamfanin ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Microsoft don sakin PC na Kano, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da kwamfutar hannu waɗanda aka riga aka ɗora su da Windows 10 da kayan aikin ilimi na Kano. Daga baya a cikin Shekara ta 2019, Kano ta ƙaddamar da rijistar ilimi na farko, Kano Club, inda masu amfani za su iya samun damar software da shirye -shiryen raye -raye, darussan da darussan kan layi. Har ila yau, sabis ɗin ya haɗa da JAMS, ɓangaren masu wasa da yawa, da Kano World, ɓangaren al'umma.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
ATA ta bayyana manufarta a matsayin "inganta tafiye-tafiye, yawon shakatawa da sufuri zuwa ciki da wajen Afirka, da kuma karfafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Afirka."
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Kayayyaki
Kano ta ƙaddamar da layin na'urorin kwamfuta a cikin Shekara ta 2020 don dacewa da fitowar PC ɗin ta Kano. Waɗannan sun haɗa da linzamin kwamfuta, belun kunne da kyamaran gidan yanar gizo.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
ATA tana hidima ga ƙungiyoyin jama'a da masu zaman kansu na masana'antar balaguro da yawon buɗe ido ta duniya. Membobin ATA sun haɗa da gwamnatocin Afirka, ministocin yawon bude ido, ofisoshin yawon shakatawa da hukumomin, kamfanonin jiragen sama, layin jirgin ruwa, otal-otal, wuraren shakatawa, masu siyar da tafiye-tafiye na gaba da masu ba da sabis, masu gudanar da balaguro da wakilan balaguro, kafofin watsa labarai da membobin haɗin gwiwa.
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Tallafawa
Kano ta kaddamar da kamfen na cinkoson jama'a a dandalin Kickstarter a watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2013. Kamfanin ya tara sama da dala miliyan 1.5 daga masu ba da tallafi 13,387, a lokacin ya zama kamfen mafi girma na koyon sabis. Wadanda suka fara tallafawa Kano sun kasance masu amfani daga kasashe sama da guda 80 kuma sun hada da sanannun sunaye kamar wanda ya kafa kamfanin Apple Steve Wozniak da kuma wanda ya kafa Kickstarter Yancey Strickler, wadanda dukkansu sun riga sun yi oda.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
ATA tana haɗin gwiwa tare da Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka (AUC) don haɓaka ci gaba mai dorewa na yawon buɗe ido zuwa da ma faɗin Afirka. Taron ATA na shekara-shekara a Afirka da Amurka yana tattaro shugabannin masana'antu don tsara ajandar yawon shakatawa na Afirka.
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Tallafawa
In 2016, Kano initiated a second Kickstarter campaign to fund a number of different products including a pixel art kit, motion sensor and webcam. The campaign generated $643,030 from 2,399 backers and was promoted by a number of notable figures including Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Dandalin Shugaban Kasa
Taron shugaban kasa na shekara-shekara kan yawon bude ido na ATA, wanda gidan Afirka na Jami'ar New York ke shiryawa, yana gudana ne a birnin New York duk watan Satumba a daidai lokacin da taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Wannan taron na yini daya ya baiwa shugabannin Afirka wata muhimmiyar dama ta yin magana kan yadda tafiye-tafiye da yawon bude ido ke taimakawa wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasa da ci gaban kasa. Shugabannin kasashen Afirka goma daga kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka, Benin, Burundi, Ghana, Gambia, Laberiya, Malawi, Morocco, Tanzania da bankin duniya sun gabatar da jawabi a taron na 2010.
Taron Yawon shakatawa na Amurka da Afirka
Babban taron masana'antu na ATA a Amurka yana gudana ne tare da babban wasan baje kolin tafiye-tafiye, yana jawo ƙwararrun masana'antun yawon shakatawa da wakilan diflomasiyya da ke sha'awar koyo game da zaɓin manufofin da suka shafi yawon shakatawa a Afirka. Mahalarta taron sun kuma binciko muhimman hanyoyin ci gaban da suka taimaka wa harkokin yawon bude ido na Afirka ci gaba da bunkasa a cikin ƴan shekarun nan da kuma taimakawa wajen haɗa kai da wasu kamfanoni don bunkasa dabarun kasuwanci.
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Tallafawa
Alex Klein a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin babban jami'in zartarwa na kamfanin (Shugaba).
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Nunin hanyoyin haɓakawa
ATA yana ƙara hangen nesa na Afirka a matsayin makoma a kasuwannin Arewacin Amurka ta hanyar nuna wurin da aka nufa da samfuran abokan hulɗar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin manyan kasuwannin birni kamar Phoenix da Montreal da kuma manyan biranen kamar New York, Los Angeles da Atlanta. Har ila yau ATA tana shiga cikin nunin tafiye-tafiye na masana'antu na duniya a Turai, Asiya da Afirka.
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Hanyoyi zuwa Kanye West
Tun farkon 2019, an ce kamfanin yana haɗin gwiwa tare da Yamma akan samfuran fasahar da ba a bayyana ba daga baya aka bayyana a watan Agusta 2021 don zama DONDA STEM PLAYER.
Mabel Agyemang
Mabel Maame Agyemang, née Banful (kuma Yamoa) ita ce babban alkalin alkalan tsibirin Turkawa da Caicos na yanzu. Wata ƙwararriyar alkali mai shari'a wadda ta shafe shekaru da dama tana aikin shari'a, Mai shari'a Agyemang ta yi aiki a ma'aikatun shari'a na gwamnatocin Ghana, Gambiya da Eswatini, kafin aikinta na yanzu a tsibirin Turkawa da Caicos. Ita ce kuma mace ta farko a matsayin shugabar Alkalan ƙasar Gambia.
Kamfanin Kwamfuyuta na Kano
Hanyoyi zuwa Kanye West
A cikin Nuwamba 2019, Shugaba Klein ya ba da gudummawar waƙoƙi ga Yesu is King track Water.
Mabel Agyemang
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Justice Agyemang ta yi karatun sakandare a Wesley Girls Senior High School a Cape Coast. Ta halarci Jami'ar Ghana sannan ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana (Professional Law Course).
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Taron Yawon shakatawa na Eco da Al'adu
Kwararrun yawon bude ido da suka kware kan yawon shakatawa mai dorewa, zane-zane, al'adu, balaguron tarihi, yawon bude ido, tafiye-tafiyen kore, da kiyayewa sun taru don gano masana'antar muhalli da yawon shakatawa na al'adu na Afirka. Kasashen da ke karbar bakuncin taron karawa juna sani suna raba samfuran balaguron balaguro tare da wakilai ta hanyar ziyarce-ziyarcen fage da nazarin shari'a.
Taro na baya:
Mabel Agyemang
Aikin shari'a
An kira Mai shari'a Agyemang zuwa Lauyan Ghana a 1987 kuma ta shiga Bench jim kadan bayan haka. A matsayinta na alkali ‘yar Ghana, ta yi aiki a bangarori daban-daban na shari’a kuma ta zauna a wasu hukunce-hukuncen da suka hada da Accra, Cape Coast, Koforidua, Kumasi, da Tema. Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar alkalan kasar Ghana daga shekarar 1996 zuwa 2000. An daukaka ta zuwa Babbar Kotun Tarayya a shekarar 2002.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Taron Yawon shakatawa na Eco da Al'adu
2007/8: Djibouti City, Djibouti, 2006: Calabar, Nigeria, 2005: Luanda Angola, 2004: Kampala, Uganda, 2003: Zanzibar, Tanzania, 2002: Fez, Morocco, 2001: Yaoundé, Cameroon, 2000: Abuja, Nigeria, 1996: Marrakech, Morocco, 1994: Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, 1992: Saly/Dakar, Senegal.
Mabel Agyemang
Alkalin Sakatariyar Commonwealth
Ta fara aiki da sakatariyar Commonwealth a matsayin kwararriyar alkali a shekarar 2004, inda aka fara tura ta zuwa Gambia inda ta yi shekaru hudu a matsayin alkalin babbar kotu. A cikin shekaru hudu da ta yi tana aiki a Gambiya, Mai shari'a Agyemang ta yi aiki a sassan kasa, farar hula, kasuwanci da laifuka kuma ta yi nasarar kammala kusan fayiloli 365. A cikin 2008, an ba ta matsayi na Eswatini inda ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu a irin wannan matsayi. Laifukan nata a Eswatini sun shafi na sirri da na jama'a kuma sun hada da batun bata suna, kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, zaluncin 'yan sanda da rikicin zabe. Daya daga cikin fitattun hukunce-hukuncen da ta yi a Eswatini shi ne hukuncin da ta yanke kan 'yancin samun ilimi kyauta. Justice Agyemang ya koma Gambia ne a shekarar 2010, har yanzu yana da sakatariyar Commonwealth, a matsayin kwararre a kotun daukaka kara.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na shekara
Taron sa hannu na ATA a Afirka yana ba da hanyar sadarwa, koyo da tsara tsari ga ƙwararrun balaguro 300-500 daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Taron yana magana akan batutuwan masana'antu akan lokaci kuma yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙwararru. Wakilai kuma suna halartar taron zagayawa na ministocin yawon buɗe ido, Bazaar Afirka don masu siye da siyarwa, abubuwan sadarwar yanar gizo, rana (ranar baƙi), liyafar cin abinci da yawon buɗe ido da kuma bayan ƙasa.
Mabel Agyemang
Alkalin Alkalan Gambiya
An nada ta a matsayin shugabar alkalan kasar Gambia a watan Agustan 2013. An nada ta a matsayin zabi mai kyau kamar yadda kasashen duniya ke ganin ta a matsayin gogaggen alkali mai zaman kansa. Ta yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da aka cire ta ba zato ba tsammani a watan Fabrairun 2014. Babu wani dalili a hukumance da gwamnatin Gambia ta bayar na musabbabin korar ta daga aiki. Da yawa daga cikin al'ummar shari'a na duniya suna zargin cewa korar ta na da nasaba da bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da batun take hakkin bil'adama da kuma dagewarta na samun 'yancin kan shari'a.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na shekara
Rwanda za ta karbi bakuncin taron shekara-shekara na ATA karo na 41 a cikin bazara na 2017.
Shirin ƙwararrun Matasa
Ofishin Jakadancin matasa na Afirka na Tuamar Afirka (YPP) shine don yin yawon shakatawa da ɗaliban baƙi da kuma ƙwararrun masana'antu a masana'antar yawon shakatawa da kuma horar da membobin ƙungiyar Afirka. Don cimma wannan manufa, YPP tana ba da shirye-shirye guda biyu waɗanda ke hidima ga matasa a wurare daban-daban a cikin iliminsu da haɓaka sana'a: (1) Ƙungiyar ɗaliban ATA; da, (2) ATA Matasa Ƙwararrun Network. Ta hanyar wadannan shirye-shirye guda biyu, YPP na da nufin taimakawa shugabannin masana'antu a nan gaba su sami damar samun ƙwararrun yawon shakatawa waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan Afirka don taimaka musu haɓaka alaƙa da hanyoyin sadarwa a yanzu waɗanda za su yi hidima ga masana'antar da ATA daga baya. Ta hanyar ƙarfafa musayar ilimi, ra'ayoyi da bukatu da kuma ba da damar horo da balaguro zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, YPP kuma tana haɗa sabbin tsara zuwa ATA da membobinta waɗanda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun yawon shakatawa ne.
Mabel Agyemang
Komawa Ghana (Kotun daukaka kara)
Bayan ta koma kasarta Ghana, an rantsar da Justice Agyemang a matsayin mai shari'a na kotun daukaka kara ta Ghana. A watan Oktoban shekarar 2015, yayin da yake jawabi a wajen bikin bude wani sabon rukunin shari'a a birnin Accra, shugaban kasar Ghana John Dramani Mahama, ya buga misali da Justice Agyemang a matsayin misali na alkalan da ake mutuntawa sosai a bangaren shari'ar Ghana.
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Kasashen Afirka
Baƙi na Afirka wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don haɓaka yawon shakatawa da saka hannun jari. Don ƙarfafa shiga cikin masana'antar, ATA ta ƙaddamar da shirin ATA Diaspora Africa Initiative da nufin shigar da shugabannin ƴan kasuwa na Afirka, ƴan kasuwa da kafofin watsa labarai a fannin bunƙasa yawon buɗe ido ga Afirka.
Mabel Agyemang
Babban Mai Shari'a na Tsibirin Turkawa da Caicos
A watan Fabrairun 2020, Nigel Dakin, gwamnan tsibirin Turkawa da Caicos, ya sanar da nadin mai shari'a Agyemang a matsayin babban alkalin alkalan tsibirin Turkawa da Caicos. A jawabinsa na sanarwar, Gwamna Dakin ya bayyana wata sanarwa daga kungiyar lauyoyin Gambia dangane da ficewar Justice Agyemang daga Gambiya a shekarar 2014 ba zato ba tsammani:
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Haɗin kai dabarun haɗin gwiwa tare da Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka
A cikin watan Mayun 2010, Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka (AUC) da kungiyar tafiye-tafiye ta Afirka (ATA) sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna da ke tallafawa "inganta da ci gaban dawwama na yawon bude ido a Afirka". An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da fahimtar cewa manyan yankuna na duniya sun kafa ƙungiyoyin yawon buɗe ido na yanki masu inganci, kamar kungiyar tafiye-tafiye ta Asiya ta Pacific (PATA) da kungiyar yawon bude ido ta Caribbean (CTO) da kuma cewa "Har yanzu Afirka ba ta amince da ita a matsayin nahiya ba. kungiyar kamar haka don hidimar tallan yawon shakatawa, bincike da bayar da shawarwari".
Ciwon Kwayoyin Halitta
Ciwon kwayoyin halitta matsala ce ta kiwon lafiya ta hanyar daya ko fiye da rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halitta guda daya (monogenic) ko wasu kwayoyin halitta masu yawa (polygenic) ko ta rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal. Ko da yake cututtukan polygenic sun fi na kowa, ana amfani da kalmar mafi yawa lokacin da ake magana da cuta tare da dalili guda ɗaya, ko dai a cikin kwayar halitta ko chromosome. Maye gurbin da ke da alhakin zai iya faruwa ba da jimawa ba kafin haɓakar amfrayo (a de novo maye gurbi), ko kuma ana iya gadonsa daga iyaye biyu waɗanda suke ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta mara kyau ( autosomal recessive inheritance ) ko kuma daga iyaye masu fama da cuta ( autosomal rinjaye gado). Lokacin da cutar ta gado ta gado ɗaya ko duka biyun, ana kuma rarraba ta azaman cuta ta gado. Wasu cututtuka ana haifar da su ta hanyar maye gurbi a kan X chromosome kuma suna da gado mai alaƙa da X. Cututtuka kaɗan ne ake gado akan Y-chromosome ko DNA mitochondrial (saboda girmansu).
Ƙungiyar Tafiye-Tafiye ta Afirka
Nassoshi
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Mabel Agyemang
Babban Mai Shari'a na Tsibirin Turkawa da Caicos
''“A lokacin da take rike da mukamin Alkalin Alkalai, ta samu kwakkwaran iko a bangaren shari’a, da kuma goyon bayan alkalai da kungiyar lauyoyi da ma’aikatan shari’a. Ta sanya al'adar da'a da kwarewa a cikin harkokin shari'a. Halin yin aiki ta jami'an shari'a ya canza sosai, kuma sun kasance masu ƙarin ƙwararru da tasiri. Ana sa ran samun lokaci ga kowa kuma ta jagoranci misali. Ta gabatar da gyare-gyare don tabbatar da samun adalci ga masu kara da kuma rage jinkirin da ba dole ba a cikin shari'ar. Ta kaddamar da gyaran dokokin kotun don tabbatar da yanke hukunci cikin gaggawa. Ta kasance direban kirkire-kirkire da gyara, gabatar da hanyoyin ICT ga Alkalai don binciken shari'a da sauran abubuwa. Abin takaici ne cewa duk da kyakykyawan wa’adin mulkin da ta yi, Shugaban kasa a lokacin ya dakatar da ayyukan ta ba bisa ka’ida ba, abin da ya bata wa ‘yan uwantaka na shari’a rai ba bisa ka’ida ba. A wancan lokacin, shugaban mulkin kama karya yana yin duk mai yiyuwa don kula da harkokin shari'a. Lallai an ji ficewar mai shari'a Mabel Agyemang sosai, saboda ta bar tarihi a bangaren shari'ar mu."''
Ciwon Kwayoyin Halitta
Akwai sanannun cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sama da 6,000, kuma ana bayyana sabbin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta koyaushe a cikin littattafan likitanci. Fiye da cututtukan kwayoyin halitta 600 ana iya magance su. Kusan 1 a cikin 50 mutane suna fama da sanannen rashin lafiya-kwayoyin halitta, yayin da kusan 1 cikin 263 ke fama da cutar chromosomal. Kusan kashi 65% na mutane suna da wata irin matsalar lafiya sakamakon maye gurbi na haihuwa. Saboda babban adadin cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, kusan 1 cikin mutane 21 suna fama da cutar ta kwayoyin halitta da aka rarraba a matsayin " rauni " (wanda aka fi sani da yana shafar ƙasa da 1 cikin mutane 2,000). Yawancin cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta ba su da yawa a kansu.
Mabel Agyemang
Rayuwa ta sirri
Justice Agyemang Kirista ce mai kishin addini kuma tayi aure da ‘ya’ya biyu.
Ciwon Kwayoyin Halitta
Ciwon kwayoyin halitta yana samuwa kafin haihuwa, kuma wasu cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da lahani na haihuwa, amma kuma nakasa na iya zama ci gaba maimakon gado. Kishiyar cuta ta gado cuta ce da aka samu. Yawancin ciwon daji, ko da yake sun haɗa da maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙaramin adadin sel a cikin jiki, an samu cututtuka. Wasu cututtukan ciwon daji, duk da haka, irin su maye gurbi na BRCA cututtukan gado ne na gado.
Single-gene
Ciwon kwayar halitta guda daya (ko rashin lafiya na monoogenic ) shine sakamakon maye gurbi guda daya. Za'a iya yada cutar ta kwayar halitta guda ɗaya zuwa tsararraki masu zuwa ta hanyoyi da yawa. Bugawa na al'ada da rashin aikin yi, duk da haka, na iya shafar tsarin gado. Rabe-raben da ke tsakanin nau'ikan koma-baya da masu rinjaye ba "masu wahala ba ne", ko da yake rarrabuwa tsakanin nau'ikan autosomal da nau'ikan X sun kasance (tunda nau'ikan na ƙarshe an bambanta su zalla bisa ga yanayin chromosomal na kwayar halitta). Alal misali, nau'i na dwarfism na kowa, achondroplasia, yawanci ana la'akari da rashin lafiya mai mahimmanci, amma yara masu kwayoyin halitta guda biyu don achondroplasia suna da mummunar cuta mai tsanani kuma yawanci mai kisa, wanda achondroplasics za a iya la'akari da masu ɗaukar hoto. Sickle cell anemia kuma ana la'akari da yanayin koma baya, amma masu ɗaukar heterozygous sun ƙara juriya ga zazzabin cizon sauro a farkon ƙuruciya, wanda za'a iya kwatanta shi a matsayin yanayin da ya fi girma. Lokacin da ma'auratan da ɗaya ko duka biyu ke fama da cutar ko kuma masu ɗauke da kwayar cutar kwayar halitta guda ɗaya suna son haifuwa, za su iya yin hakan ta hanyar hadi a cikin vitro, wanda ke ba da damar tantance ƙwayoyin halittar preimplantation don bincika ko tayin yana da cutar ta kwayoyin halitta.
Yawancin rikice-rikice na rayuwa na haihuwa da aka sani da kurakuran haifuwa na metabolism suna haifar da lahani guda ɗaya. Yawancin irin waɗannan lahani guda ɗaya na iya rage dacewar mutanen da abin ya shafa kuma saboda haka suna cikin yawan jama'a a ƙananan mitoci idan aka kwatanta da abin da za a sa ran bisa ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu sauƙi.
Autosomal rinjaye
Kwafi guda daya kawai da aka canza na kwayar halitta zai zama dole don mutum ya shafe shi ta hanyar rashin lafiyar da ta mamaye. Kowane mutumin da abin ya shafa yawanci yana da iyaye ɗaya da abin ya shafa. Damar da yaro zai gaji maye gurbi shine kashi 50%. Yawancin yanayi na autosomal wasu lokuta sun rage shiga cikin jiki, wanda ke nufin ko da yake ana buƙatar kwafi ɗaya kawai, ba duk mutanen da suka gaji wannan maye gurbin suna ci gaba da haɓaka cutar ba. Misalan irin wannan cuta sune cutar Huntington, neurofibromatosis nau'in 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, Marfan ciwo, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal ciwon daji, hereditary mahara exostoses (wani sosai shiga autosomal rinjaye cuta), tuberous sclerosis, Von Willebrand cuta, da kuma m intermittent porphyria. Ana kuma kiran lahanin haihuwa.
Autosomal recessive
Dole ne a canza kwafi biyu na kwayar halitta don mutum ya shafa ta hanyar rashin bacci. Mutumin da abin ya shafa yawanci yana da iyayen da ba su shafa ba waɗanda kowannensu ke ɗauke da kwafin kwayar halittar da ta canza kuma ana kiranta da masu ɗaukar kwayoyin halitta. Kowane iyaye da ke da lahani na kwayoyin halitta yawanci ba su da alamun cutar. Mutane biyu da ba su kamu da cutar ba wadanda kowannensu ke dauke da kwafin kwayar halittar da aka canza suna da hadarin kashi 25% tare da kowane ciki na haihuwa da cutar ta shafa. Misalan irin wannan cuta sune albinism, matsakaicin sarkar acyl-CoA dehydrogenase rashi, cystic fibrosis, sikila cell cuta, Tay-Sachs cuta, Niemann-Pick cuta, spinal muscular atrophy, da kuma Roberts ciwo. Wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan dabi'u, kamar rigar da bushewar kunun kunne, ana kuma ƙaddara ta cikin yanayin koma baya na autosomal. Wasu cututtuka na autosomal recessive sun zama ruwan dare gama gari saboda, a da, ɗaukar ɗaya daga cikin kuskuren kwayoyin halitta ya haifar da ɗan kariya daga cututtuka masu yaduwa ko guba kamar tarin fuka ko zazzabin cizon sauro. Irin waɗannan cututtuka sun haɗa da cystic fibrosis, cutar sikila, phenylketonuria da thalassaemia.
X mai alaƙa da rinjaye
Rikicin da ke da alaƙa da X yana haifar da maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halitta akan X chromosome. 'Yan cuta kaɗan ne kawai ke da wannan tsarin gado, tare da babban misali shine rickets hypophosphatemic mai alaƙa da X. Maza da mata duka suna fama da wannan cuta, yayin da maza suka fi fama da cutar fiye da mata. Wasu yanayi masu rinjaye na X-linked, irin su Rett syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti type 2, da Aicardi syndrome, yawanci suna mutuwa a cikin maza ko dai a cikin mahaifa ko jim kadan bayan haihuwa, sabili da haka ana ganin su a cikin mata. Keɓancewa ga wannan binciken sune lokuta masu wuyar gaske waɗanda yara maza masu fama da cutar Klinefelter (44+xxy) suma suka gaji yanayin da ke da alaƙa da X kuma suna nuna alamun kama da na mace dangane da tsananin cutar. Damar kamuwa da cuta mai alaƙa da X ta bambanta tsakanin maza da mata. 'Ya'yan mutumin da ke da cutar da ke da alaka da X, duk ba za su sami matsala ba (tun da sun karbi chromosome na mahaifinsu na Y), amma 'ya'yansa mata duk za su gaji yanayin. Matar da ke da babbar cuta mai alaƙa da X tana da damar kashi 50% na samun ɗan tayin da ya shafa tare da kowane ciki, kodayake a lokuta irin su incontinentia pigmenti, zuri'ar mata ne kawai ke iya yiwuwa.
Recessive mai alaƙa da X
Halin koma bayan da ke da alaƙa da X shima yana haifar da maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halitta akan X chromosome. Maza sun fi mata yawa akai-akai, saboda kawai suna da X chromosome da ake bukata don yanayin ya bayyana. Damar kamuwa da cutar ta bambanta tsakanin maza da mata. 'Ya'yan mutumin da ke da matsalar koma baya mai alaka da X ba za a shafa ba (tun da sun karɓi chromosome na mahaifinsu na Y), amma 'ya'yansa mata za su kasance masu ɗaukar kwafi ɗaya na kwayar halittar da ta canza. Matar da ke dauke da cutar ta koma baya (X R X r ) tana da kashi 50% na samun 'ya'ya maza da abin ya shafa da kuma damar samun 50% na 'ya'ya mata masu dauke da kwafin kwayar halittar da aka canza. Halin da ke da alaƙa da X sun haɗa da cututtuka masu tsanani na hemophilia A, Duchenne Muscular dystrophy, da Lesch-Nyhan ciwo, da kuma yanayi na yau da kullum da marasa mahimmanci kamar gashin gashi na namiji da kuma ja-kore launi makanta. Halin rikice-rikice masu alaƙa da X na iya bayyana a wasu lokuta a cikin mata saboda skewed X-inactivation ko monosomy X ( Turner syndrome ).
Raunin da ke da alaƙa da Y yana faruwa ne ta hanyar maye gurbi akan Y chromosome. Ana iya yada waɗannan sharuɗɗan ne kawai daga jima'i na heterogametic (misali maza) zuwa zuriyar jinsi ɗaya. Mafi sauƙaƙa, wannan yana nufin cewa cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da Y a cikin ɗan adam ba za a iya yada su kawai daga maza zuwa 'ya'yansu ba; Mata ba za su taɓa yin tasiri ba saboda ba su mallaki Y-allosomes ba.
Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da Y suna da wuya sosai amma sanannun misalan yawanci suna haifar da rashin haihuwa. Haihuwa a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi yana yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar hana haihuwa ta hanyar taimakon likita.
Mitochondrial
Wannan nau'in gadon, wanda kuma aka sani da gadon uwa, shine mafi ƙarancin kuma ya shafi kwayoyin halitta 13 da DNA mitochondrial ke ɓoye. Domin ƙwayoyin ƙwai ne kaɗai ke ba da gudummawar mitochondria ga amfrayo masu tasowa, uwaye (waɗanda abin ya shafa) kaɗai za su iya ba da yanayin DNA na mitochondrial ga 'ya'yansu. Misalin irin wannan rashin lafiya shine Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa mafi yawan cututtukan mitochondrial (musamman lokacin da alamun bayyanar cututtuka suka tasowa a farkon rayuwa) suna haifar da lalacewa ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, kamar yadda mitochondria ya fi girma ta DNA wanda ba mitochondrial ba. Wadannan cututtuka galibi suna bin gadon gado na autosomal.