cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Adele
Aiki
Bayan kammala karatun digirinta a fannin fasaha daga Makarantar BRIT a shekara ta 2006. Adele ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Rikodin XL.
Jane Egerton-Idehen
Rayuwarta
Egerton-Idehen tayi aure kuma tana da yara biyu, namiji da mace.
Adele
Wakarta ta farko
An fitar da kundi na farko (19) a shekara ta (2008). An kuma tabbatar da (8) platinum( 8 )a cikin Burtaniya kuma sau uku platinum a Amurka. Kundin yana kunshe da waƙarta ta farko, "ometaukakar Ƙasar", wadda aka rubuta lokacin tana 'yar shekara sha shidda 16. wadda ta dogara da unguwarta ta West Norwood a London. Fitowar da ta yi a ranar Asabar da dare Live a ƙarshen shekara ta (2008) ta haɓaka aikinta a Amurka. A Grammy Awards a shekara ta (2009) Adele ta lashe lambobin yabo don Mafi kyawun Sabbin Mawaƙa da Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Pop Vocal.
Juliana Dogbadzi
Dogbadzi tsohon wanda aka azabtar da Trokosi wanda a halin yanzu yana fafutukar yaƙi da wannan al'adar da ke tura 'yan mata zuwa aikin tilas, yana fansar zunuban danginsu. Ta kafa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, International Needs Ghana, wacce ke aiki don sakin waɗanda Trokosi ya shafa.
Tango McCauley
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Arena (2006 - 2008)
A cikin 2006, McCauley ya sanya hannu tare da Chicago Rush na Arena Football League. Ya taka leda a wasanni 14 a matsayin dan wasa, da farko akan layi mai ban tsoro a Guard and Center. Duk da haka ya buga wasu a kan tsaron gida, inda ya yi rikodin 2.5 tackles kuma daya keta.
McCauley sannan ya koma CFL bayan 2006 AFL kakar, sanya hannu a Yuli 2006 tare da Montreal Alouettes. Sa'an nan a cikin 2007, ya sanya hannu tare da New Orleans VooDoo inda ya taka leda a wasanni bakwai mafi yawa a kan m line, duk da haka, ya kuma rubuta shida liyafar ga 34 yadudduka da uku touchdowns, kazalika da biyu tackles. Daga nan VooDoo ya yi watsi da shi kuma Austin Wranglers na af2 ya sanya hannu, inda ya buga wasanni takwas. Bayan kakar wasa, ya sanya hannu tare da Cleveland Gladiators. Bayan kakar 2008, a ranar 30 ga Satumba, Gladiators ta sake shi.
Juliana Dogbadzi
Tarihin Rayuwa
Lokacin da Dogbadzi ke da shekaru bakwai, iyayenta sun yi watsi da ita a wani wurin ibada na Trokosi don biyan satar da kakanta ya yi. Mabiyan Trokosi sun gaya mata cewa bautar da ta yi ba da son ranta ba za ta dakatar da wasu bala'o'i da ke addabar iyalinta. Dogbadzi yayi aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin bautar kusan shekaru 17. A cikin wannan lokacin, ta kasance tana fama da yunwa, yawan aiki, tsiya da hana ta zuwa makaranta. Kimanin shekaru 12, firist mai shekaru 90 ya yi mata fyade wanda shine mahaifin ɗanta na farko.
VVIP (hip hop group)
VVIP, wanda aka fi sani da VIP (Vision In Progress) ƙungiyar kiɗan Hiplife ne na kasar Ghana da ta ƙunshi Zeal, wanda aka fi sani da Lazzy (Abdul Hamid Ibrahim), Prodigal (Joseph Nana Ofori) da Reggie Rockstone (Reginald Ossei) daga Nima wata unguwa. Accra, Ghana
Juliana Dogbadzi
Tarihin Rayuwa
Lokacin Dogbadzi na da shekaru 25, ta tsere daga Trokosi kuma ta fara kamfen don yakar su, ta haifar da muhawara ta ƙasa a Ghana.
VVIP (hip hop group)
Kafuwa
Wanda ya assasa wannan kungiya wani matashi ne mai suna Friction (Musah Haruna) tare da wani abokinsa wanda daga baya ya bar kungiyar zuwa kasar Amurka domin ya karasa karatunsa. Don haka Friction ya gabatar da ra'ayin ga mutane hudu (Promzy, Lazzy, Prodigal, Bone-daga baya sun bar kungiyar) kuma kafin su san shi, biyar daga cikinsu suna yin wasan kwaikwayo a ghetto, kulake, bukukuwan titi da sauransu.
Karen Friction, Chicago, ya kasance shi ma dan kungiyar ne a hukumance. Kuna iya jin kare yana kara a ƙarshen waƙoƙin su daga ƙarshen 1990s. A ƙarshe Chicago ta mutu.
Adele
Kundi/Album
Adele ta saki faifan studio na biyu ( 21) a cikin shekara ta (2011). Kundin ya samu karbuwa ne sosai kuma ya zarce nasarar fara halarta na farko, inda ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa a cikin shekara ta (2012) daga cikinsu akwai rikodin "Grammy Awards" guda shida, gami da Album na Shekara; Kyautar Burtaniya don Kyautar Album na Shekara a Burtaniya; da lambar yabo ta kiɗan Amurka don Pop/Rock Album da aka fi so. An tabbatar da kundin(17) × platinum a Burtaniya, kuma gaba ɗaya shi ne album na biyu mafi sayuwa a cikin ƙasar. A cikin Amurka, ta riƙe matsayi mafi tsayi fiye da kowane kundi tun shekara ta (1985) kuma an tabbatar da Diamond. Kundin mafi kyawun sayarwa na duniya na shekarar (2011) da shekara ta (2012) ta sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan talatin da daya (31) a duk duniya, wanda ya sa ta zama mafi kyawun kundin sayarwa na karni na ashirin da daya( 21). Nasarar (21) ya sami Adele da yawa ambaton a littafin Guinness Book of Records. Ita ce mace ta farko a tarihin <i id="mwQg">Billboard</i> Hot (100 ) don samun manyan mawaƙa guda uku a lokaci guda a matsayin jagorar mawaƙa, tare da " Rolling in the Deep ", " Wani kamar ku ", da " Sa Wuta ga Ruwan Sama ", duk wanda kuma shi ne ya hau kan ginshiƙi. A shekarar 2012 Adele ta saki ɗayan" Skyfall ", wanda ta rubuta tare da yin rikodin don <i id="mwSQ">fim ɗin James Bond</i> na wannan sunan. Waƙar ta sami lambar yabo ta Academy, Golden Globe, da Kyautar Burtaniya don Kyautar Maɗaukaki na Burtaniya. Bayan hutun shekara uku, Adele ta fito da faifan studio na uku (25)) a shekara ta (2015). Ya zama kundin sayar da mafi kyawun shekara kuma ya karya rikodin tallace-tallace na makon farko a Burtaniya da Amurka. (25) ita ce kundi na biyu da za a ba da tabbacin Diamond a Amurka kuma ta sami Grammy Awards biyar, gami da Album na Shekara, da Kyautar Burtaniya guda huɗu, gami da Album na Shekara na Burtaniya. Mawaƙin da ke jagorantar, " Sannu ", ya zama waƙa ta farko a Amurka da ta sayar da kwafin dijital sama da miliyan ɗaya a cikin mako guda bayan fitowar ta. Yawon shakatawa na uku na kide kide, Adele Live shekarar (2016), ta ziyarci Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Oceania, kuma ya ƙare tare da wasan kide -kide na ƙarshe a Wembley Stadium a watan Yuni a shekara ta (2017).
Juliana Dogbadzi
Tarihin Rayuwa
Dogbadzi ta kafa International Needs Ghana, wacce ta kubutar da mata sama da 1,000 daga hannun Trokosi a wuraren ibada 15. A 1999, ta sami lambar yabo ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Reebok.
Modupeola Fadugba
Modupeola Fadugba (an haife ta a shekara ta 1985) ƙwararriyar masaniyar ce mai koyar da labarai da yawa a Nijeriya, tana zaune kuma tana aiki a Nijeriya.
Ilimi
Modupeola Fadugba ta karanci ilimin injiniya, tattalin arziƙi, da ilimi. Ta karɓi MA a fannin Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'ar Delaware, kuma ta sami digiri na uku daga Jami'ar Harvard. Iyayenta sun kasance Jami'an diflomasiyyar Najeriya, kuma mai zanen ya yi amfani da mafi yawan kuruciya a Ingila da Amurka. Ita ce mai koyar da kanta. Jerin mafarkai na kwanan nan daga Deep End, wanda ta haɓaka yayin zama a International Studio da Curatorial Program a New York, an haɗa su a cikin baje kolin kwanan nan a Gallery1957.
Ayyuka
Shirye-shiryenta na solo sun haɗa da Heads Up, Keep Swimming at Temple Muse in Lagos in 2017, Synchronized Swimming & Drownin g at Ed Cross Fine Art in London in 2017 , Sallah, Players & Swimmers at the Cité internationale des arts a cikin Paris a shekara ta 2017 , da Mafarki daga Deep End a New York a 2018 , wanda aka duba a cikin ArtForum International
An zaɓi aikinta a cikin Dakar Biennale na 2016, inda aka ba ta lambar girma daga Ministan Sadarwa na Senegal. Aikinta Algorithm na mutane sun sami kyautar Kyauta ta Musamman ta 2014 El Anatsu.
Zanen Modupeola Fadugba Ya Koya Mana Yadda Ake Shoki A Pink ya bayyana a bangon gaban Balaper Bazaar na Arabia a watan Afrilu 2018.
Adele
Kyauta da lambar yabo
A shekara ta 2007 ta karɓi Kyautar Burtaniya don Rising Star kuma ta lashe zaben BBC na shekara ta 2008.
Modupeola Fadugba
Ayyuka
Aikinta yana cikin tarin Jami'ar Delaware, Gidauniyar Sindika Dokolo da Shugaban Laberiya, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
VVIP (hip hop group)
Kundi
A cikin shekarar 1997, an gabatar da VIP a wani bikin bikin titi. A lokacin ne wani mai gabatar da talabijin na Ghana, Blakofe (aka Akua Manfo) da mai gabatar da rediyo mai suna Michael Smith suka gano kungiyar. Blakofe ya zama manajansu, kuma Michael Smith ya ba su kwangila mai suna, Precise Music. A cikin 1998, sun fitar da albam na farko, Bibi Baa O, sun shahara a duk faɗin Accra. Sun zama ƙungiyar Hiplife mafi shahara a Ghana. A cikin 2000, sun fito da kundi na biyu, Ye De Aba, wanda ya fi nasara fiye da kundin su na farko. Bayan kundi na biyu, Friction ya ji cewa lokaci ya yi da zai yi aiki a matsayin mutum mai fasaha kuma ya bar kungiyar. Kungiyar a yanzu tana da mambobi uku (Promzy, Prodigal da Lazzy) kuma ta fitar da kundi na uku a cikin 2001 mai suna Lumbe Lumbe Lumbe tare da buga "Daben na Odo Beba". Duk da haka ƙungiyar rayuwa ta hip sun mamaye jadawalin kiɗan Ghana tare da albam ɗin su na 2003 Ahomka Womu ; wakar tasu mai suna "Ahomka Womu" ita ce ta daya a jadawalin Ghana sama da makonni 20. VIP ta lashe kyautuka biyar a Ghana Music Awards daga jarumar da suka yi fice kuma kungiyar ta samu fice a duniya bayan wannan nasarar. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ta fara yawon shakatawa a duniya. Yanzu suna cikin shahararrun masu fasaha a Ghana. Daga baya Promzy ya bar kungiyar ya yi aiki a matsayin mawakin solo amma a cewarsa bai fita daga kungiyar ba
Katarina Newman
Catherine Newman (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968) marubuciyar littattafan yara da manya ce 'yar kasar Amurka.
VVIP (hip hop group)
Kundi
Bayan ficewar Promzy, Reggie Rockstone, wanda aka sani da baban rap na Ghana wanda ya dawo a tsakiyar 1990s ya yi baftisma sabon nau'in Hiplife, ya shiga kungiyar. Sunan sabon rukunin ya koma VVIP kuma tun daga lokacin sun yi ƙwaƙƙwaran waƙoƙi kamar "Selfie", "Skolom" da "Dogoyaro".
Katarina Newman
Tarihin Rayuwa
Newman ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Fieldston a cikin Bronx kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Amherst a 1990. Newman ta sami Ph.D. a fannin rubutun Littattafai daga Jami'ar California,Santa Cruz.
VVIP (hip hop group)
Bidiyon Labari
VIP sun kaddamar da wani shirin nasu na mintuna 110 mai suna Home Grown:Hiplife in Ghana ; Ba'amurke mai shirya fina-finai mai zaman kansa, Eli Jacobs-Fantauzzi ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni. Wasu mawakan da suka halarci bikin kaddamarwar sun hada da Reggie Rockstone, Hashim, Tinny, Sidney, Tic Tac, Mzbel, Rab Bakari, Faze na Najeriya da sauran mawakan Afirka da Caribbean. Kuma don murnar fitowar Gidan Grown, BDNP (Boogie Down Nima Productions) za ta yi rangadin sakin fim ɗin a duniya a ƙasashe da dama da suka haɗa da Brazil, UK, Indiya, Afirka ta Kudu, Najeriya, Kanada, Italiya, Norway, Jamaica, da kuma Amurka.
Kyaututtuka
Kundin Hip-life Of The Year - Ahomka Wo Mu (Ghana Music Awards)vipHip-life Artiste Of The Year (Ghana Music Awards)vipvipMafi kyawun rukunin Afirka - Channel O (Afirka ta Kudu)vipvvipMafi kyawun zane-zane na shekara na 4syte Music Awards (Ghana)
Katarina Newman
Sana'ar rubutu
Newman ta rubuta don dandana da Washington Post.
Bayananta da Jiran Birdy:hekarar Frantic Tedium, eurotic Angst, a Wild Magic na Girman Iyali (Penguin, 005) sun karbi bita na tauraro daga Mawallafin Mako-mako, anda ya kira shi "gaskiya, ai tausayi da ban dariya". Kirkus Reviews ya ce, "abin da ke ƙarfafa mai karatu shi ne ci gaba da barkwanci da ake nunawa a cikin muryar wacko na Newman,ƙwaƙƙwaran kuma a shirye koyaushe don ɓata".
Kirkus ta kira tarihinta na biyu,Bala'i Farin Ciki:Neman Farin Ciki a Tsawon Shekarun Yaranta (Little,Brown & Co.,2016),"littafin da ya wuce kima".
Victoire Tomegah Dogbé
Victoire Sidémého Dzidudu Dogbé Tomega (an haife ta 23 ga Disamba 1959) 'yar siyasan Togo ce wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Togo tun 28 ga Satumba 2020. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike ofishin.
Kafin ta zama shugaban gwamnati, Tomegah Dogbé a baya ta kasance ministan raya ci gaba, sana'o'in hannu, matasa da samar da ayyukan yi a gwamnatin Komi Sélom Klassou da kuma darektan majalisar ministocin shugaban kasa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbe.
Aiki
A shekarar 2008, yayin da take ofishin hukumar raya kasashe ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke kasar Benin, shugaban kasar Faure Essozimna Gnassingbe da firaministan kasar Gilbert Houngbo sun bukaci Dogbé Tomégah da ya kula da mukamin minista ga firaministan kasar mai kula da harkokin raya kasa. tushe wanda aka kirkiro shi a Togo.
A cikin 2010, bayan sake zaben Shugaba Faure Gnassingbe, Tomegah Dogbé an nada ta Ministan Raya Cigaban Jama'a, Sana'ar Matasa da Ayyukan Matasa a wa'adi na biyu na Gilbert Houngbo. Ta ci gaba da rike mukamin minista a gwamnatin ta farko ta Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu daga 2012 zuwa 2013 da kuma gwamnatin Ahoomey-Zunu ta 2 daga 2013 zuwa 2015. Bayan zaben shugaban kasa na Afrilu 2015, Komi Sélom Klassou ya maye gurbin Ahoomey-Zunu a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2015. Klaassou ya kafa majalisar ministocinsa a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2015 inda Tomegah Dogbé har yanzu ta ci gaba da rike ma'aikatar raya kasa a Base, sana'a, matasa da ayyukan yi na matasa.
Shugaba Faure Gnassingbe ya nada Tobegah Dogbe a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 28 ga Satumba 2020 bayan murabus din Komi Selom Klassou.
Dauda Kahutu Rarara
Dauda Adamu Kahutu Rarara wanda aka fi sani da Rarara, an haife shine a ( jihar Katsina ) shahararren mawaƙin ƴan siyasa ne a Nijeriya, mawaƙi a fanin rera wakokin yan siyasa kuma marubucin waƙuqe, Ni Abdussamad nace Dauda Kahutu Rarara yafi kowa kudi a masana'antar Kannywood. wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rera waƙoƙin na yan jama,eyan(APC) All Progressive Congress a babban zaɓen Najeriya na shekarar 2015, musamman ma ga shugaban Najeriya na yanzu Muhammadu Buhari  da gwamnan jihar Katsina Aminu Bello Masari. .
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifeshi ne a jihar Katsina a wani kauye da ake kira Kahutu, Yayi karatun Alqur'ani a makarantar Almajiranci, wata hanyar gargajiya ce ta Hausawa ta koyon addinin Musulunci.wato (kolanta).
Siyasa
Rarara ya kasance sananne ne yayin babban zaben Najeriya na 2015, lokacin da yake rera wakoki da dama ga Muhammadu Buhari da kuma adawa da shugabancin Goodluck Jonathan a galibin wakokin nasa. A watan satumba na 2020, Rarara ya nemi gudummuwa daga masoyan Muhammadu Buhari, don tura masa Naira dubu daya domin sakin bidiyon minti biyu na yabon Muhammadu Buhari,  cikin kasa da awanni 48 Ya karbi Naira miliyan 57 don sakin wakar wacce Ya yaba Muhammadu Buhari.
Wakokinsa
Dauda kahutu rarara yayi wakoki da dama, ga kaɗan daga cikin fitattun wakokinsa;
Shugaban 13x13
Shine shugaban kungiyar matasan kannywood ta 13x13, wata kungiya ce ta adadin mutum sha ukku (13), kuma ko wanne mutum daya daga cikin su sha ukkun yana da mutum 13 dake karkashinsa.
Sukar
Wasu futattun matasa sun afkawa Rarara yayin da yake daukar bidiyo a jihar Katsina. Ana zargin sa da wawure Naira Miliyan 100 da jam'iyyar siyasa ta All Progressive Congress ta ba wa duk wadanda ke rera wakoki ga ƙungiyar siyasa. .
Peace Uzoamaka Nnaji
Peace Uzoamaka Nnaji (an haife ta 28 ga Disamban shekara ta 1952 a Jihar Enugu ) ƴar siyasan Nijeriya ce. An fara zaɓen ta a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party a 2007 kuma ta sake zama a karo na biyu a 2011 a Majalisar Wakilan Najeriya.
Ilimi
Tana da difloma a fannin zamantakewar al'umma daga jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka
Harkar siyasa
An zaɓi Nnaji a majalisar wakiliya Najeriya a 2007 kuma an sake zaɓarta a 2011.
Ta wakilci Nkanu East / Nkanu West a majalisar wakilai daga 29 Mayu 2011 - 29 May 2015
Nnaji da aka ambata ta Vanguard matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Women wanda zai siffar da Bakwai majalisar dokokin ". A cikin labarin, ta tattauna ne game da son "amfani da kwarewar da take da shi a harkar majalisa don jan hankalin wasu ayyukan zuwa mazabar ta da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a majalisar". Tana daya daga cikin mata 11 da aka zaba a 2007 wadanda aka sake zabarsu a 2011 lokacin da karamar majalisar ta kusan kusan kashi 95% na maza. Sauran matan da aka zaɓa sun hada da Mulikat Adeola-Akande, Abike Dabiri, Nkiru Onyeagocha, Uche Ekwunife, Nnena Elendu-Ukeje, Olajumoke Okoya-Thomas, Beni Lar, Khadija Bukar Abba-Ibrahim, Elizabeth Ogbaga da Juliet Akano.
An naɗa ta kwamishina kan harkokin jinsi da ci gaban zamantakewar jihar Enugu a shekarar 2015.
Dunama I
Mai ko Sarki Dunama ya kasance Shugaban hada kan daular sayfawa a lokacin farkon karni na goma sha biyui. Shine farkon Mai da ya fara zuwa aikin hajji a kasa ma tsarki Makka.
Tunani
Gerald S. Graham, Thomas Hodgkin; Ra'ayoyin Najeriya: Tarihin Anthology na Tarihi
Wanjira Mathai
Wanjira Mathai (an haife ta a watan Disamba shekarata alif 1971).'yar ƙasar Kenya ce mai fafutukar kare muhalli kuma mai fafutuka. Ita ce mataimakiyar shugaban kasa kuma darektan yanki na Afirka a Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya, da ke Nairobi, Kenya. A cikin wannan rawar, ta ɗauki batutuwan duniya da suka haɗa da sare itatuwa da samar da makamashi. An zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƴan Afirka 100 mafi tasiri da New African Magazine ta yi a shekarar, 2018 saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin babbar mai ba da shawara a Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya da kuma yaƙin neman zaɓen da ta yi na dasa bishiyoyi sama da miliyan 30 ta hanyar aikinta a Motsin Green Belt.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Mathai kuma ta girma a Kenya. Mahaifiyarta, Wangari Maathai, 'yar gwagwarmaya ce ta zamantakewa, muhalli da siyasa kuma mace ta farko ta Afirka da ta lashe kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya, a shekara ta, 2004.
Mathai dalibi ce a makarantar sakandaren mata ta gidan gwamnati da ke Nairobi. Bayan ta kammala makarantar sakandare ta koma birnin New York don halartar kolejojin Hobart da William Smith inda ta karanci ilmin halitta kuma ta kammala a shekara ta, 1994. Ta samu digirin a fannin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da kuma fannin harkokin kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Emory. Bayan kammala karatun Mathai ta shiga Cibiyar Carter inda ta yi aiki akan magance cututtuka. Anan ta koyi game da cututtuka da suka shafi al'ummomin Afirka kamar su dracunculiasis, onchocerciasis da lymphatic filariasis.
Green Belt Movement
Matthai tana aiki a Majalisar Gaba ta Duniya da kuma a kan hukumar Green Belt Movement. Mahaifiyar Wanjira Wangari ce ta kafa Green Belt Movement a shekarar, 1977. Tun asali, Matthai ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya na Ƙungiyar Green Belt Movement daga shekarar, 2002 kuma daga baya ya zama Babban Darakta na kungiyar. A wannan kungiya ta jagoranci shirye-shiryen tara kudade da sa ido kan yadda ake tattara albarkatu, tare da saukaka wayar da kan kasa da kasa. Ta gane cewa mata sun fi maida hankali lokacin da Green Belt Movement ta yi kira ga mutane su taimaka dasa bishiyoyi. Ta ce aikinta na dashen itatuwa, wanda kuma ake kira agroforestry, ya samu kwarin gwiwa daga aikin muhalli na mahaifiyarta. Bayan mahaifiyarta ta sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel, Matthai ta raka ta a wani balaguron duniya. Lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekara ta, 2011, ta taimaka wajen jagorantar kulab din a lokacin canji.
Sauran Kungiyoyi da Tushen
Matthai tana aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara na Ƙungiyoyin Mata masu Kasuwanci a Sabuntawa wanda ke haɓaka mata a cikin jagorancin makamashi mai sabuntawa a ƙoƙarin kawo sabbin abubuwa ga kusan mata miliyan huɗu a Gabashin Afirka. Ga Mathai, haɗin gwiwar mata da makamashi mai sabuntawa ɗaya ne na ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi, da cika da dama daga cikin Manufofin Ci gaba Mai Dorewa. Duk da zamanantar da ake yi a Kenya, har yanzu mata na shafe sa'o'i da yawa a rana suna tattara itace, kuma rabin adadin mace-macen yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 5 na faruwa ne sakamakon gurbacewar iska a gida. Mathai tana aiki a hukumar ba da shawara ta Ƙungiyar Abinci mai Tsabta, kuma shi ma memba ne na Majalisar Ƙasa ta Duniya Babi. Ta kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Amintattu na Cibiyar Nazarin Gandun daji ta Duniya (CIFOR). Hakanan tana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan masu aikin EQ guda shida. Waɗannan masu yin aikin suna neman haɓaka hankali na tunani da tallafawa wasu don ƙirƙirar al'adar kyawu.
Tun daga shekara ta, 2016, Matthai ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Gidauniyar Wangari Maathai. Gidauniyar tana neman ci gaban gadon Wangari Maathai ta hanyar haɓaka al'adar manufa tare da matasa waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin shugabanni. Da aka tambaye ta aikinta da gidauniyar, Matthai ta amsa cewa, “Ba ina zaune a inuwar mahaifiyata ba, ina cikin haskenta..." Gidauniyar tana da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa guda uku: kula da gidan Wangari Muta Maathai, dasa dabarun jagoranci a cikin matasa don haɓaka ƙirƙira da ƙarfin gwiwa a lokacin ƙuruciya (Wanakesho), da haɗin kai ga matasa. A matsayin misalin bangaskiyarta game da mahimmancin ilimantar da matasa, ita ce shugabar ayyuka na Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya da Muhalli ta Wangari Maathai a Jami'ar Nairobi (WMI). Wannan cibiya tana mai da hankali kan haɓaka kyawawan ɗabi'u da ci gaba mai dorewa. Ilimantar da matasa ta kasance daya daga cikin manufofin Maathai, kuma ta ce, “Ba a haifi ’yan Adam cikin lalaci ba. A wani lokaci waɗannan halaye suna haɓaka ta hanyar al'adun da ke haɓaka riba ga mutum kan ci gaban gama gari." Ta yi imanin cewa ilmantar da matasa zai ba da damar samar da zaman lafiya da rage cin hanci da rashawa a Kenya, yayin da matasa za su girma su zama shugabanni na gaba. Sau da yawa takan yi magana da waɗannan batutuwa, saboda ita ce mai magana mai ƙarfafawa akan batutuwan jagoranci matasa, muhalli, da sauyin yanayi.
Bugu da kari, Matthai tana zaune a kan hukumar Cibiyar Noma ta Duniya (ICRAF) a Kenya. A cikin shekara ta, 2018 an zaɓi Matthai a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 100 Mafi Tasirin 'Yan Afirka ta New African Magazine, da kuma Manyan Matan Afirka masu Tasirin Jami'ar Shugabancin Afirka.
Tun daga watan Disamba na shekarar, 2019 Matthai ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma darektan yanki na Afirka a Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya. A cikin wannan matsayi, Mathai ta shawo kan ministar muhalli ta Kenya Judi Wakhungu da ta himmatu wajen maido da kadada miliyan 12.6 na sare dazuka a Kenya nan da shekarar 2030, bisa ga gadon fafutukar kare muhalli na mahaifiyarta. Wannan wani bangare ne na shirin farfado da shimfidar dazuzzuka na Afirka (AFR100), wanda Mathai ke kula da shi, wani shiri na maido da sama da hekta miliyan 100 na sare itatuwa a Afirka nan da shekarar 2030.
Kyanwa
Kyanwa ko Mage ko Mussa da Hausar Zamfarawa (Felis catus) kyanwa dai wata dabba ce cikin dabbobi Waɗanda ake ajiye su a mastayin dabbobin gida Waɗanda ba dan aci ake kiwon su ba, sai don nishaɗi.
Sansanin Nassau, Ghana
Bayan Fage
Daga 1598 zuwa gaba, 'yan kasuwa na Holland sun yi ciniki a tekun Gold na Afirka. Duk da cewa Fotigal ta riga ta zaunar da yankin na Gold Coast, amma ba a yi wani kokari na korar Dutch ba, saboda albarkatun soji sun himmatu ga yakin Turai.
Wannan ya canza bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru goma sha biyu tsakanin Portugal-Spain da Jamhuriyar Holland a 1609. Fotigal yanzu yana da wadatattun albarkatu don kare keɓaɓɓiyar kasuwancin su, kuma ya fara kai farmaki kan (daga mahangar Fotigal, haramtacce) masana'antun Dutch a kan bakin teku. An ƙone masana'anta da ke Mouri a shekara ta 1610. Daga nan 'yan kasuwa na ƙasar Holland suka roƙi Jiha-Janar na Jamhuriyar Holan da ya gina sansanin soja a bakin teku. Jiha-Janar ya karɓi buƙatunsu, kuma ya aika Jacob Clantius, wanda zai zama Janar na farko a kan Tekun, zuwa Gold Coast a 1611. A cikin 1612, an rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Asebu tsakanin Yaren mutanen Holland da sarkin Asebu, wanda ya ba da izinin kafa Sansanin Nassau a Mouri.
Tarihi
A cikin 1612, Clantius ya gina ƙaƙƙarfan ƙauye a Mouri, wanda, saboda rashin sanin Yaren mutanen Holland da gini a cikin wurare masu zafi, ya shahara saboda rashin lafiyarsa. A cikin 1624, Yaren mutanen Holland sun faɗaɗa sansanin. Sansanin Nassau ya yi aiki a matsayin babban birnin Tekun Gold na Dutch daga kafuwarta har zuwa 1637, lokacin da Yaren mutanen Holland suka kwace Sansanin Elmina daga Fotigal.
Adnan al-Malki
Adnan al-Malki ( عدنان المالكي  ‎ (1918 – 22 Afrilu shekarar 1955) ya Syria Army jami'in da siyasa adadi a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin babban hafsan hafsoshin soja kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin mafiya karfi a cikin sojoji da kuma siyasar kasa har zuwa lokacin da aka kashe shi, wanda aka zargi wani dan gwagwarmaya na SSNP
Kisan Malki ya haifar da fatattakar SSNP a Siriya.
Tarihin Iyali da yarinta
An haifi Adnan al-Malki a cikin 1918 zuwa ga wadataccen mai martaba dangin Damascene. Asalin dangin Malki Malaman Afirka ne na Arewacin Afirka sun sami horo a makarantar Maliki ta fikihu.
Aikin soja
Adnan al-Malki ya kammala karatu a makarantar horas da sojoji ta Homs a shekarar 1935.
A cikin 1951 Shugaba Adib al-Shishakli ya haramta galibin jam'iyyun siyasa a Siriya. Malki da ya damu da ayyukan Shugabannin ya bukaci Jam'iyyar Ba'ath da ta Larabawa ta Larabawa su zama ɗaya. Wannan haɗakar ta zama sananne ga Ba'ath Arab Socialist Party a ƙarshen shekara ta 1952.
Kisan kai
A ranar Juma'a 22 ga Afrilun shekarar 1955 Manyan hafsoshi ciki har da Adnan al-Malki sun je filin wasa na Municipal na Damascus don nuna farin ciki ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta sojoji a kan tawagar Masar da ta kawo musu ziyara. Malki ya zauna a cikin akwatin VIP tare da Janar Shuqayr da jakadan Masar. A rabin wasan ne sajan din dan sanda soja Yunis Abdul Rahim ya yi harbi biyu a cikin Malki tare da kashe shi da ke kashe shi. Abdul Rahim ya bayyana da cewa yana da wani dalili na kashin kansa a kisan kamar yadda Malki a 'yan watannin da suka gabata ya hana shi shiga saboda dalilai na mazhaba a Kwalejin Soja ta Homs. Abdul Rahim ya yi yunƙurin kashe kansa jim kaɗan bayan haka, amma, bindigar ta cushe kuma ya kashe kansa da bindiga ta baya. A cewar wasu bayanan, Abdul Rahim bai yi aiki don asusun kansa ba amma ya kashe Malki ne bisa umarnin kansa na shugaban jam'iyyar ta SSNP na wancan lokacin George Abd al-Massih.
Legacy
An haramta SSNP a Siriya. An kama ko kuma an kori shugabannin jam'iyyar. Sakamakon kisan kuma ya haifar da baraka a cikin jam’iyyar. An sanya babban mutum-mutumin Adnan al-Malki a tsakiyar Dimashƙu kuma an ba da wata unguwa mai cike da annashuwa ta hanyar jam'iyyar Ba'ath da ta hau karagar mulki a shekarar 1963.
Pontsho Moloi
Pontsho "Piro" Moloi (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba 1981) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Motswana wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mochudi Center Chiefs. Da kuma Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Botswana yana buga mata wasa a matakin kasa da kasa.
Sana'a
Moloi ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyoyin gida Notwane FC da Mochudi Center Chiefs. A cikin shekarar 2009, ya tafi a matsayin aro na kaka ɗaya zuwa kulob ɗin Bay United FC na rukunin farko na Afirka ta Kudu.
Modupe Ozolua
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Kai tsaye daga zuriyar Oba (Sarki) Ozolua na masarautar Benin, jihar Edo, Najeriya,. Modupe Ozien Ozolua shine ƙarami daga cikin siblingsan uwan shi huɗu waɗanda Yarima Julius I. Ozolua, masanin ilmi, da Gimbiya Olua Mary S. Ozolua (née Otaru), Gimbiya kuma ƴar kasuwa daga Ososo, Akoko-Edo LGA, Jihar Edo. Sunanta "Modupe" na nufin "Na gode" a yaren Yarbanci.
Ta girma ne a gidan sarauta na masarautar Benin inda kakanta Oba Ozolua shi ne mashahurin jarumin jarumin Benin. Princess ta karanci Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a California, Amurka. A Kwalejin Kudu maso Yamma, an shigar da ita cikin Alpha Pi Epsilon, babi na Phi Theta Kappa kuma an san ta a matsayin ɗaliba ta hanyar jerin sunayen girmamawa na Kudu maso Yammacin Kudu da kuma Babban Dean na Kasa (1994 - 1995).
Rayuwar mutum
Princess Modupe Ozolua tana da ɗa - Yarima Oluwaseun Ozolua-Osunbade - kuma sun yi shuffles tsakanin Najeriya da Atlanta.
Ebitimi Agogu
Ebitimi Agogu (an haife ta ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, 1987) a Otuan, Jihar Bayelsa. ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce, wadda ke buga wa kugiyar Bayelsa United FC wasa
Ayyuka
Agogu wanda ta fara taka leda a Bayelsa United kuma ya sanya hannu a kan Sharks FC na Port Harcourt a shekarar 2010, bayan nasarar wasanni biyu tare da kungiyar da ta dauki Kofin WAFU ta 2010 a Togo, ya sanya hannu a kan Shooting Stars FC  amma daga baya aka bayar da shi aro ga Ocean Boys FC a wannan lokacin. A watan Janairun 2012 ya koma Sharks Ya bar Shooting Stars FC a Janairun 2013 kuma ya sanya hannu tare da Nembe City kafin ya koma Bayelsa United a farkon kakar 2014.
Ubah Ali
Ubah Ali (an haife tane a shekara ta 1996) yar fafutuka ce ta zamantakewa kuma ƴan mata daga kasar Somaliland, wacce ke yaƙi da kaciyar mata. A shekara ta 2020 BBC ta saka ta a cikin jerin mata 100 mafi tasiri a duniya.
Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ali a shekarar,ta 1996 a garin Burco dake yankin Toghdeer na kasar Somaliland. Duk iyayenta babu wanda ya kammala karatun firamare: mahaifinta direban tasi ne har sai da ya yi fama da bugun jini a shekarar na 2012 kuma mahaifiyarta ta kasance tana sayar da tufafi. Mahaifiyarta ce ta kwadaitar da karatun Ali da neman guraben karatu. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Abaarso daga 2011 kuma ta bar wurin a 2015. Daga nan ta koma makarantar Miss Hall kuma ta sauke karatu daga can a cikin 2016. Tun daga shekara ta 2019, tana karatun digiri na BA a fannin Siyasa da 'Yancin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Amurka ta Beirut. Karatunta na karatun digirin ta na biyu tana samun tallafin Shirin Masanan Ilimi na Mastercard Foundation. Yayin da take karatu a can, tana kuma koyar da 'yan gudun hijirar Siriya.
Ayyuka
A cikin 2020, Ubah Ali na cikin jerin mata 100 da suka fi tasiri a duniya.
Dunama IX Lefiami
Rayuwa
Dunama ya gaji mahaifinsa, ya kasance tsoho kuma ya makance, shine wanda ya jajirce a cikin Jihadin Fulani har ya sa aka kama Ngazargamu. Mai Dunama ya nemi goyon bayan Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, don su taimaki Fulani a yaki na gaba da gaba, ya amsa kiransa, Bayan angama yaki Dunama ya bashi Bayi da kayan masarufi, bayan anci Goni Mukhtar da yaki. a shekarar 1809 an sake karbar Ngazarmu, manyan mutanen sun tilasta Dunama da ya gudu, sai aka nada kawunsa a matsayin sarki Muhammad Ngileruma Mai. A 1813 yan fada sun gaji da Ngileruma, sai suka dawo da Dunama a matsayin Mai, amman duk da haka saida aka kashe Dunama a yaki bayan ya jagoranci yakin tawaye  ga masarautar el-Kanemi a 1819 ko 1820
Shara
Shara, dai abu ce da akeyi domin tsaɓtace duk wani guri da ake zama ko ake mu'amula da shi, inda kuma daga ƙarshe wannan sharar takan zama bola kuma daga illatar ta cuta har ta iya komawa abun amfani idan aka sarrafa ta ko aka kai ta gona domin amfani da ita a matsayin taki.
Tarihi
Ya nuna kafin zuwan cigaban zamani manoma na amfani da shara ko bola domin kaiwa gona a matsayin taki, kuma har yanzun takin shara ko bola nada matuƙar amfani wajen gyara da haɓaka amfanin gona. Har yanzun a duk inda ake son noma ya haɓaka to ana amfani da shara ko bola domin bunƙasa noman, wanda ake kiran shi da sunan takin gargajiya.
Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Uganda
Kungiyar kwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Uganda, ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Uganda kuma hukumar kula da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Uganda ce ke kula da ita.
Tarihi
Shugaban hukumar ta FUFA Lawrence Mulindwa ya yi jawabi a shekara ta 2007, inda ya ce, “Mun yi gasar ‘yan mata a Luweero a farkon wannan shekarar kuma za a hada manyan ‘yan wasa a cikin tawagar kasar da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin kalubale na mata na CECAFA da za a yi a Zanzibar. Oktoba." Ko da yake ba a taba buga gasar ba.
Fage
Kwallon ƙafar mata a Uganda sun fara tun daga farkon 90s tare da 'yan mata da mata suna wasa don nishaɗi. Wasan ba shi da yawa kuma babu takamaiman tsari idan aka kwatanta da halin da ake ciki a Ƙasar. 'Yan mata da mata za su yi gasa da kishiyar jinsi don yin gasa. Mrs. Kazibwe 'Mama Becca' Rebecca (RIP) da Mista Paul Ssali su ne wadanda suka kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a kasar Uganda. Ssali shi ne golan Ugandan Cranes a shekarar 1978, kuma shi ne karo na karshe da Uganda ta fito a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika. Tawagar manyan ta ƙasa a lokacin, She-Kobs (Yanzu Crested Cranes) za a zaɓi su da hannu saboda rashin fayyace gasa. An fara gasar lig ta kasa a tsakiyar shekarun 90s amma ta sami mutuwa ta asali saboda kalubale daban-daban da suka hada da daukar nauyi. Tawagar kasar ta buga wasanta na farko na kasa da kasa a Nairobi Kenya a shekarar 1994. Kokarin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na mata shi ne a shekarar 1998 Uganda ta karbi bakuncin Masar a filin wasa na Nakivubo inda suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 sannan Masar ta sha kashi a waje da ci 0-1. Gasar da aka yi a Afrika ta Kudu (2000) inda Uganda ta zama ta 3, inda ta doke Reunion da ci 3-0, ta yi kunnen doki 2-2 da Zimbabwe, sannan ta yi rashin nasara a hannun mai masaukin baki da ci 0-2, ya bude ido ga akasarin ‘yan kasar Uganda da dimbin magoya bayansu, yayin da suka yi nasara a gasar ta mata. kwallon kafa. Makarantu da sauran kungiyoyin mata sun fara buga wasan. A yunkurin na uku, a gasar cin kofin matan Afrika; Uganda dai ta buga wasa ne da Habasha a shekarar 2003 da ci 2-3.
Tsarin Mata na ƙwallon ƙafa a Uganda
A farkon jagorancin shugaban FUFA Lawrence Mulindwa (2005-2013), wasan ya sami ci gaba. An ba da muhimmanci ga ci gaban tushen ciyawa da ilimin koyawa. An buga wasanni a matakin gunduma da yanki. Ya zama mai sauƙi a zaɓi 'yan wasa don ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daban-daban. Adadin kungiyoyin ‘yan mata ‘yan makaranta da ke buga wasan na karuwa matuka saboda a matsakaicin kungiyoyi 50 ne ke halartar gasar bayan firamare ta kasa da ake yi duk shekara tare da kwararrun kungiyoyin da ke wakiltar kasar a gasar makarantun sakandaren gabashin Afirka. Gasar cin kofin makarantu ta samar da ’yan wasa kamar Sandra Nabweteme, Aturo Ruth, Hasifah Nassuuna, Fauzia Najjemba, Mutuzo Lillian, Vanesa Karungi, Asia Nakibuuka, Juliet Nalukegnge, Sawuya Sana da Sanya Babirye. Makarantu kuma sun taka rawar gani wajen ciyar da kulab da ’yan wasa. Karkashin jagorancin shugaban FUFA Eng Moses Magogo a halin yanzu, an karfafa da karfafa kungiyoyin mata na yankin inda aka fara kungiyar FUFA Women Elite League a shekarar 2015. Kungiyar FUFA Women Elite League yanzu tana da kungiyoyi 16 a cikin kakar shekarar 2018/2019 amma ta fara da kungiyoyi 12 a yakin farko na shekarar 2015. An gudanar da horar da mata kwallon kafa, tarurrukan gudanar da mulki, da kwasa-kwasai don kai mata matakin zuwa wani mataki a karkashin mulkin shugaban FUFA na yanzu Eng. Musa Magogo.
Anna Bossman
Anna Bossman (an Haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba 1957) 'yar Ghana ce mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ta taba zama darakta a Sashen Mutunci da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa na Bankin Raya Afirka (AfDB). A shekarar 2017 an nada ta jakadiyar Ghana a Faransa.
Neja (kogi)
Kogin Neja  wasu kan kirata da Kogin Nijar na da tsawon kilomita 4,180. Zurfinta arubba’in kilomita 2,117,700 a kasa. Matsakaicin saurinta 5,589 m3/s wanda ya bambanta daga saurin 500 m3/s zuwa 27,600 m3/s. Mafarinta daga tsaunukan Gine, a kudu maso gabashin Gine. Kananan rafufukanta su ne kogin Bani, kogin Sokoto, kogin Kaduna da na kogin Benuwe. Ta bi cikin Mali, Nijar da Najeriya zuwa Tekun Atalanta wanda ta bi Neja Delta. Waɗannan biranen na samuwa a gefen kogin Neja: Tembakounda, Bamako, Timbuktu, Niamey.
Anna Bossman
Ilimi
An haife shi a Kumasi, Ghana, mahaifinsa Dr. Jonathan Emmanuel Bossman, tsohon wakilin Ghana a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, da Alice Decker. Anna Bossman ta halarci makarantar Holy Child a Cape Coast, ta ci gaba da zuwa Makarantar Achimota don karatun sakandarenta. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Ghana, Legon tare da digiri na shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa kuma daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana a shekarar 1980, ana kiranta zuwa Bar Ghana a waccan shekarar.
Sana'a
Ta kasance mataimakiyar kwamishiniyar hukumar kare hakkin dan adam da shari'a ta Ghana (CHRAJ) daga shekarar 2002 zuwa 2010, inda aka nada ta mukaddashyar kwamishina.
A watan Yulin shekarar 2011, kungiyar Bankin Raya Afirka ta dauke ta aiki a matsayin Darakta a Sashen Aminci da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa, inda take kula da binciken zamba, cin hanci da rashawa da sauran munanan ayyuka.
Aikin diflomasiyya
A watan Yuni 2017 an nada ta jakadiyar Ghana a Faransa, kuma ta gabatar da wasikunta na amincewa ga shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron a ranar 13 ga watan Oktoba 2017. Ta kasance jakadiyar Ghana a Portugal kuma wakiliyar kasarta ta dindindin a UNESCO.
Kyaututtukan da aka zaɓa
2008 – Kyautar Gwanayen Mata ta Ghana don ƙware a Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Doka (Ghana National Honorary Awards of Fame)
2017
2017 ita ce shekara ta dubu biyu da sha bakwai a ƙirgar Miladiyya.
Tarihin tattalin arzikin Afirka
Mutanen farko sun kasance masu farauta da ke zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin iyali. Ko da a lokacin akwai cinikayya mai yawa wanda zai iya rufe nesa mai nisa. Masu binciken tarihi sun gano cewa shaidar cinikayya a cikin abubuwa masu alatu kamar ƙarfe masu daraja da harsashi a duk faɗin nahiyar.
Tarihin tattalin arzikin Afirka sau da yawa yana mai da hankali kan bayani game da talauci kuma yana rufe wasu fannoni kamar nasarorin manoman Afirka, 'yan kasuwa da jihohi, gami da ingantaccen tsaro na abinci, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Tarihin Da
Afirka tana da tarihin tattalin arziki mafi tsawo kuma mafi tsufa. Da zaran al'ummomin mutane sun kasance, haka kuma ayyukan tattalin arziki sun kasance. Mutanen farko sun kasance masu farauta da ke zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin iyali. Ko da a lokacin akwai cinikayya mai yawa wanda zai iya rufe nesa mai nisa. Masu binciken tarihi sun gano cewa shaidar cinikayya a cikin abubuwa masu alatu kamar karafa da kwarangwal a duk faɗin nahiyar sune manyan sana'o'in mutanen Berber, suna zaune a wuraren da suka bushe kuma sun zama makiyaya, yayin da a cikin gandun daji, amfanin gona da aka noma kuma ta haka ne zama na dindindin zai yiwu. Aikin noma ya goyi bayan manyan garuruwa, kuma a ƙarshe manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci sun bunkasa tsakanin garuruwa.
Asalin aikin gona
Aikin noma na farko a Afirka ya fara ne a kusa da Sahel da kudancin hamadar Sahara, wanda a cikin 5200 BC ya fi danshi da yawa fiye da yau. An haifi nau'o'in asali da yawa, mafi mahimmanci shine lu'u-lu'u, sorghum da cowpeas, waɗanda suka bazu ta Yammacin Afirka da Sahel. Sahara a wannan lokacin ya kasance kamar Sahel a yau. Yankin da aka bude ya sauƙaƙa noma, amma ƙasa mara kyau da iyakantaccen ruwan sama ya sa noma mai zurfi ba zai yiwu ba. Har ila yau, amfanin gona na cikin gida ba su da kyau kuma suna samar da ƙananan adadin kuzari fiye da na wasu yankuna. Wadannan dalilai sun iyakance raguwa kuma sun kiyaye yawan jama'a da warwatse.
Arewacin Afirka ya ɗauki hanya daban-daban daga yankunan kudanci. A yanayin yanayi yana da alaƙa da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Fertile Crescent, kuma an karɓi dabarun noma na wannan yankin. Wannan ya haɗa da amfanin gona daban-daban, kamar alkama, sha'ir, da inabi. Har ila yau, Arewacin Afirka ya sami albarka daga ɗayan yankunan noma mafi arziki a duniya a kwarin Kogin Nilu. Tare da isowar aikin gona, yankin Nilu ya zama ɗayan yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a a duniya, kuma Masar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin wayewar farko.
Kashewar Sahara ya haifar da babbar shingen tsakanin yankunan arewa da kudancin nahiyar. Muhimman bambance-bambance guda biyu sune Nubian Sudan, wanda ke da alaƙa da Masar ta hanyar Nilu da Habasha, wanda zai iya kasuwanci tare da yankunan arewacin Bahar Maliya. Jihohi masu iko sun girma a cikin waɗannan yankuna kamar Kush a Nubia (yanzu Arewacin Sudan da Kudancin Masar) da Aksum a Habasha. Musamman daga Nubia, ra'ayoyi da fasaha daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turai sun kai ga sauran Afirka.
Yaduwar Bantu
Ayaba da sauran amfanin gona sun ba da damar yin noma sosai a yankunan wurare masu zafi na Afirka, wannan ya fi shahara a yankin Great Lakes, yankin da ke da ƙasa mai kyau, wanda ya ga birane da jihohi da yawa sun kasance, ana ciyar da yawan su da yawa
Hanyoyin kasuwanci
Duk da yake wasu matakan kasuwanci sun ci gaba, haɓakar birane da daular sun sanya shi mafi tsakiya ga tattalin arzikin Afirka. Arewacin Afirka ta kasance tsakiya ga cinikin dukan yankin Bahar Rum. A waje da Misira, wannan kasuwancin ya fi sarrafawa daga Phoenicians waɗanda suka zo su mamaye Arewacin Afirka, tare da Carthage ya zama birni mafi muhimmanci. Helenawa sun mallaki yawancin kasuwancin gabas, gami da Tekun Maliya tare da Habasha. A cikin wannan yankin yawancin biranen kasuwanci na Girka da aka kafa sun yi aiki a matsayin hanyar wayewa da ilmantarwa.
Birnin Iskandariya na Masar (kuma daga baya, Roman) (wanda Alexander the Great ya kafa a 334 BC), yana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin cinikin Bahar Rum na ƙarni da yawa. A cikin karni na 19 Misira ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin da suka fi bunkasa a duniya.
Nubia a Sudan ta yi ciniki tare da ƙasashen Afirka na ciki kamar Chadi da Libya, da kuma Masar, China, Indiya da yankin Larabawa.
Ga mafi yawan karni na 1 AD, Masarautar Axumite a Habasha da Eritrea tana da rundunar sojan ruwa mai ƙarfi da alaƙar kasuwanci har zuwa Daular Byzantine da Indiya. Tsakanin ƙarni na 14 da 17, Ajuran Sultanate wanda ke tsakiyar Somaliya ta zamani ya yi aikin injiniya na ruwa kuma ya haɓaka sabbin tsarin aikin gona da haraji, wanda aka ci gaba da amfani dashi a wasu sassan Horn of Africa har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19.
A gabar gabashin nahiyar 'yan kasuwa Swahili sun haɗa yankin cikin hanyar cinikayya ta Tekun Indiya, suna kawo shigo da tukwane na kasar Sin da masana'antun Indiya don musayar zinariya, hauren giwa, da bayi. Masarautun Swahili sun kirkiro daular kasuwanci mai wadata, inda suka mamaye yankin Kenya, Tanzania da Uganda na zamani. Biranen Swahili sune manyan tashoshin kasuwanci don kasuwanci tare da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Gabas mai nisa.
A cikin Afirka, cinikayya ta fi iyakancewa. Ƙananan yawan jama'a ya sa kasuwanci mai fa'ida ya zama da wahala. Babban shingen gandun daji na Kongo ya fi girma fiye da Sahara, yana hana cinikayya ta tsakiyar nahiyar.
Zuwan sojojin Islama ne ya canza tattalin arzikin yawancin Afirka. Kodayake Musulunci ba shi da tasiri sosai a Arewacin Afirka inda manyan birane, karatu da rubutu, da jihohin tsakiya suka kasance al'ada, Musulmai sun fi tasiri wajen shiga Sahara fiye da Kiristoci. Wannan ya faru ne saboda raƙumi, wanda ya ɗauki fadada Larabawa kuma nan da nan zai ɗauki kasuwanci mai yawa a fadin hamada.
Jerin jihohi sun bunkasa a Sahel a gefen kudancin Sahara wanda ya sami riba mai yawa daga kasuwanci a fadin Sahara. Na farko daga cikin wadannan shine Masarautar Ghana, ta kai kololuwa a karni na 12. Ba da daɗewa ba, wasu kamar Daular Mali da Kanem-Bornu, suma sun tashi a yankin. Babban kasuwancin waɗannan jihohin zinariya ne, wanda ya kasance mai yawa a Guinea. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci shine cinikin bayi na Sahara wanda ya tura adadi mai yawa na bayi zuwa Arewacin Afirka.
600-1600 AD
Da yawa daga cikin masu arziki sun girma a kusa da yankunan bakin teku ko manyan koguna waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na mahimman hanyoyin kasuwanci. Masarautun Mali da Daular Songhai sun girma tare da Kogin Neja tsakanin 1200 da 1590. 'Yan kasuwa Berber daga Sahel - yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara - sun sayar da kwanakin, jan ƙarfe, dawakai, makamai da zane da suka kawo daga arewacin Afirka a cikin jiragen kasa na Kamel. Ciniki tare da mutanen Berber, da sauran kungiyoyi, sun haifar da ci gaban daular Ghana, wanda ke cinikin zinariya, kwayoyi, da bayi. Mutanen Yammacin Afirka sun haifar da bukatar gishiri, wanda aka tattara a wuraren da ke cikin hamada, kuma wanda suka yi amfani da shi don adana abinci da kuma sabunta shi.
A cikin 1324, Mansa Musa, sarkin Mali, ya yi sanannen Hajj (hajji) zuwa Makka. Akwai babban rukuni da aka shirya don gudanar da Hajji tare da sarki. Ya haɗa da "mutane 60,000, ciki har da ma'aikata 1200" kuma rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa Mansa Musa ya ba da zinariya mai yawa a Misira, cewa tattalin arzikinta ya zama mai baƙin ciki.
Tsakanin 1000 da 1500, gandun daji na Yammacin Afirka sun zama wani ɓangare na hanyoyin kasuwanci, musamman a ƙarƙashin mulkin sarakunan Yoruba. Ifé wani muhimmin gari ne na kasuwanci, tare da hanyar daga gandun daji zuwa Djenné, babban cibiyar kasuwanci a Sudan, kusa da wasu manyan biranen kasuwanci kamar Timbuktu da Gao. Yanayin Ifé ya kuma sanya shi kusa da Benin da Tekun Atlantika. Ci gaban Yoruba ya sami goyon baya daga biranen da ke kewaye da gonar noma, amma ci gaban kasuwanci mai yawa ya sa ya wadata. A shekara ta 1000, mutanen da ke magana da harshen Bantu na Zimbabwe da Kudancin Afirka sun haɓaka cinikayya ta ƙasashen waje tare da ƙasashe masu nisa kamar China da Indiya, daga inda suka karɓi porcelain, beads, da tukwane na Farisa da Larabawa. Sun sayar da naman sa na gida (maimakon nama daga dabbobi), baƙin ƙarfe, da hauren giwa da zinariya. Birnin Great Zimbabwe, wanda aka kafa a kusa da 1100, shine cibiyar mulkin Shona har zuwa kusa da 1400.
Yawancin kasuwanci a cikin masarautun gandun daji an yi su ne a matakin gida, yawanci ta talakawa Yoruba a kasuwannin gida. A wasu garuruwa ana gudanar da waɗannan kowane kwana 3 ko 4. An sayar da tufafi, kayan lambu, nama, da sauran kayayyaki, kuma an biya su don amfani da ƙananan kwarangwal da ake kira cowries waɗanda aka shigo da su daga Gabashin Afirka. An samar da sandunan jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe, waɗanda ake kira manilas, a cikin daidaitattun siffofi don amfani da su azaman kuɗi. Sauran abubuwa da aka yi amfani da su a kasuwanci a matsayin nau'in kuɗi sun haɗa da gishiri, zane, da sandunan zinariya.
Yamani Hafez Musa
Yamani Hafez bin Musa (Jawi; an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta alif 1978A.C) ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Kudi na II a cikin gwamnatin Barisan Nasional (BN) a ƙarƙashin tsohon Firayim Minista Ismail Sabri Yaakob da tsohon Minista Tengku Zafrul Aziz daga watan Agusta 2021 zuwa faduwar gwamnatin BN a Nuwamba 2022, memba na Majalisar (MP) na Sipitang daga watan Mayu 2018 zuwa watan Nuwamba 2022 kuma Shugaban FELCRA Berhad daga watan Yuli 2020 zuwa Satumba 2021. A shekara ta 2019 har zuwa shekara ta 2022, Ya kasance tsohon memba na Jam'iyyar Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), wani bangare na hadin gwiwar Perikatan Nasional (PN). Shi ne kuma ɗan Musa Aman, tsohon Babban Ministan Sabah. A shekara ta 2023, Shi memba ne na hukuma na Jam'iyyar Sabon People's Ideas Party (GAGASAN Rakyat), wani bangare na hadin gwiwar Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS).
Tarihin tattalin arzikin Afirka
600-1600 AD
Ciniki tare da Gabas ta Tsakiya ya fara tun farkon Masar ta dā. An gabatar da Islama a yankin Horn da wuri daga yankin Larabawa, jim kadan bayan hijra. Masjid al-Qiblatayn mai mihrab biyu na Zeila ya kasance daga karni na 7. Yaduwar Islama ta kawo 'yan kasuwa Larabawa har zuwa Maroko. Adal Sultanate a yankin Horn kuma ya ci gaba da alakar biyu da Daular Ottoman. Tsarin ma'aikata don cinikayya mai nisa a fadin iyakokin siyasa da al'adu an daɗe ana ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar karɓar Islama a matsayin tushen al'adu da ɗabi'a don amincewa tsakanin da kuma tare da 'yan kasuwa. A kan iyakar Swahili zuwa kudu maso gabas, Sultan na Malindi ya aika da jakadu zuwa fadar sarauta ta kasar Sin a Nanjing Yongle dauke da giraffe da sauran kyaututtuka masu ban sha'awa.