cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Muhallin Ruwan Sulfur
Lafiya
Duk da yake mutane sun sami damar daidaitawa zuwa matakan da suka fi girma tare da lokaci, wasu kuma tasirin shan ruwa na sulfur sun gano cewa suna da tasirin tasiri akan mutanen da ke cinye ruwa tare da adadin sulfate na 600. mg/lita bisa ga wani bincike daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Amurka a shekarata 1962. Wasu illolin da aka samu sun haɗa da rashin ruwa, tare da yawan adadin sodium ko magnesium sulfate a cikin abincin mutane bisa ga wani bincike a shekarata 1980, tare da wasu mutane, kamar yara da tsofaffi, ana ganin su a matsayin haɗari mafi girma a rayuwarsu.
Kungiyar Jin Dadin 'Yan Wasan Kwallon Kafa ta Kenya
Gudanarwa
Mai daukar hoto : Lenny Towett
Muhallin Ruwan Sulfur
Lafiya
An gudanar da bincike a Arewacin Dakota Amurka don gano ko akwai dalilin da zai haifar da lahani kai tsaye daga samun sulfur a cikin ruwan sha. Daga wannan bayanan, an tabbatar da cewa ruwa ya ƙunshi fiye da 750 MG na sulfate a kowace lita ya kasance saboda tasirin laxative, kuma ƙasa da 600 bai kasance ba.
Kungiyar Jin Dadin 'Yan Wasan Kwallon Kafa ta Kenya
Gudanarwa
Shugaban Ofishin Gaba Rukiya Yusuf
Muhallin Ruwan Sulfur
Damuwa
A cewar Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA) da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka (CDC), shan ruwa tare da yawan sinadarin sulfate na iya haifar da gudawa, musamman ga jarirai.
Kungiyar Jin Dadin 'Yan Wasan Kwallon Kafa ta Kenya
Gudanarwa
Jami'in Hulda da Labarai Paul Ombati
Muhallin Ruwan Sulfur
Noma
A Jami'ar Wyoming a Amurka, an yi nazarin ruwa na sulfur don ganin tasirin da zai iya haifar da aikin tuƙi da ke kan ab abinci. Saboda sulfur kasancewar abin da ake bukata ga abubuwa masu rai, kamar yadda ya ƙunshi muhimman amino acid waɗanda ake amfani da su don ƙirƙirar sunadaran, ruwan sulfur, wanda galibi ana samunsa a Yammacin Amurka, shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga sulfur a cikin abincin garke. Duk da haka, tare da garke shan ruwa mai yawa na sulfur, ruminants na iya yin kwangilar sulfur induced polioencephalomalacia (sPEM), wanda ke da ciwon jijiya. Saboda wannan binciken, binciken yayi ƙoƙarin cimma burin nemo wani ƙarin abinci wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don magance mummunan tasirin lafiya akan tuƙi.
Kungiyar Jin Dadin 'Yan Wasan Kwallon Kafa ta Kenya
Sanarwar manufa
KEFWA ita ce keɓantacciyar muryar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (maza da mata) a Kenya kuma tana saka hannun jari don kyakkyawar makoma mai dorewa ga duka 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na yanzu da na tsoffin.
Muhallin Ruwan Sulfur
Sulfur Springs
→ Mineral Spring Hakanan an yi imanin cewa akwai fa'idodi masu yawa na kiwon lafiya a cikin ruwan sulfur, tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na sulfur abu ne na gama gari a cikin al'adu da yawa. Ana iya samun irin waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a ƙasashe da yawa kamar New Zealand, Japan da Girka. Waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan sulfur galibi ana ƙirƙira su ne saboda ayyukan volcanic na gida wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga dumama tsarin ruwa na kusa. Hakan ya faru ne saboda aman wuta da ke fitar da tururin ruwa da ke lullube cikin karafa, tare da sulfur dioxide daya daga cikinsu.
A cikin New Zealand, Tsibirin Arewa ya shahara a cikin shekarata 1800s, tare da dumama baho daga wani dutse mai aman wuta kusa da garin Rotorua. Akwai wuraren tafki masu zafi guda kimanin 28 waɗanda baƙi za su iya jiƙa da kansu tare da baho na sulfur.
Wani sanannen marmaro shi ne maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a ƙasar Girka, Thermopylae, wanda ke nufin " maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi"
Dalili da magani
Yanayin yana nuna babban matakin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rage sulfate a cikin ruwa. Wannan na iya kasancewa saboda amfani da ruwan rijiyar, ruwan birni mara kyau, ko gurɓatar ruwan dumama.
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don magance sulfur a cikin ruwa. Waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da
Matakan sulfur a cikin ruwa a duniya
Tsarin Kula da Muhalli na Duniya don Ruwan Ruwa (GEMS/Ruwa) ya ce ruwan da aka saba da shi yana ɗaukar kusan 20. MG / lita na sulfur, kuma zai iya bambanta daga 0 zuwa 630 MG / lita a cikin koguna, 2 zuwa 250 MG / lita a cikin tabkuna da 0 zuwa 230 mg/lita a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa.
An gano ruwan sama na Kanada yana da adadin sulfate na 1.0 da 3.8 mg/L a cikin shekarata 1980, wanda aka samo a cikin binciken da Franklin ya buga a 1985. Yammacin Kanada a cikin koguna sun kasance daga 1 zuwa 3040 MG/lita, tare da mafi yawan taro kasa da 580 mg/lita bisa ga sakamakon muhallin Kanada a shekarata 1984. Kanada ta Tsakiya tana da matakan da suma sun yi girma a Saskatchewan, akwai matsakaicin matakan 368 mg/lita a cikin ruwan sha daga kayan ruwa na ƙasa, da 97 MG/lita a cikin kayan ruwa na saman, tare da kewayon 32170 mg/lita.
Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Kanada ya gano cewa a zahiri maganin rage sulfur a cikin ruwan sha ya karu. An gudanar da wannan a cikin Ontario, wanda ke da ma'anar sulfur matakin 12.5 MG / lita lokacin da ba a kula da shi ba, kuma 22.5 mg / lita bayan magani.
Netherlands tana da ƙasa da 150 MG/lita yawan ruwa na sulfur a cikin samar da ruwa na karkashin kasa. Kashi 65% na masana'antar sarrafa ruwa sun ruwaito cewa matakin sulfur na ruwan sha ya kasance ƙasa da 25 mg/lita, kamar yadda aka samo a cikin binciken Dijk-Looijaard & Fonds a shekarata 1985.
Amurka tana da Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a cikin shekarata 1970 don auna matakan sulfate a tushen ruwan sha a yankuna daban-daban guda tara. Sakamakon ya tabbatar da cewa dukkan kayayyakin ruwan saman sama 106 da aka zayyana suna da sulfate, da kuma 645 daga cikin 658 da aka yi gwajin. Matakan sulfur da aka samo sun kasance daga ƙasa da 1 MG / lita zuwa 770.
Muhalli
Saboda sulfates da ake amfani da su a cikin samfuran masana'antu, galibi ana fitar da su cikin ruwa a cikin muhalli. Wannan ya haɗa da ma'adinai, masana'anta da sauran hanyoyin masana'antu waɗanda suka haɗa da amfani da sulfates. Sulfates, irin su magnesium, potassium da sodium duk suna narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, wanda shine abin da ke haifar da ruwan sulfur, yayin da sauran sulfates waɗanda suke da ƙarfe, kamar calcium da barium ba su da narkewa. Sulfur dioxide na yanayi, kuma yana iya cutar da ruwa mai zurfi, kuma sulfur trioxide zai iya haɗuwa da tururin ruwa a cikin iska, kuma ya haifar fa irin wannan Ruwan Na sufates, ko abin da ake kira ruwan sama na acid.
Fethia Bekhedda
Fethia Bekhedda (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Yuli shekarar 1990) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Aljeriya. Ta fafata a Algeria a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata na shekarar 2018, inda ta buga wasanni uku.
Manazarta
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Tsarin Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Kenya
Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kenya, jerin gasa ce da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a Kenya.
Tsarin
Tun daga shekarar 2015, babban matakin lig a Kenya shi ne Premier League, tare da FKF Premier League a ƙasa da shi. Gasar Super League ta Kenya da Division One su ne mataki na uku da na hudu na tsarin bi da bi, dukkansu sun kasu kashi biyu na gabashi da yammacin Kenya. An kuma kasu kashi na daya zuwa rukuni biyu wanda ya kunshi kungiyoyi daga yankuna daban-daban a Gabashi da Yammacin Kenya.
A ƙasan gasar lig ɗin ƙasa akwai Ƙungiyoyin Yanki, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa yanki na yanki dangane da tsoffin lardunan Kenya (ban da Arewa maso Gabas ), wasu daga cikinsu an raba su zuwa yankuna da yawa. Koma ta Gasar Champions na Coundy kuma karbar wasannin sub-County sunada kasan tsarin kwallon kafa biyu na tsarin kwallon kafa na Kenya.
Tarihi
A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2012, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Kenya ta fara tattaunawa don samar da rukuni na biyu, wanda, idan aka amince da shi, za ta wuce gasar Lardi a matsayin mataki na uku. Shawarar ta ce za a yi gasar ta kungiyoyi 16; Kungiyoyin hudu da suka fice daga shiyyar biyu na Division One da kuma kungiya daya daga cikin kungiyoyin larduna takwas. Ƙungiyoyin 16 za a raba shi ne zuwa yankuna biyu na ƙungiyoyi takwas kowannensu bisa ga matakin na ɗaya dangane da wuraren da ƙungiyoyin za su kasance a shiyyoyin. Wadanda suka ci nasara daga kowace shiyya za a kara su zuwa shiyyoyin su a Division One, misali wanda ya yi nasara daga shiyya ta A a shiyya ta biyu za a kara shi zuwa shiyya A ta daya.
A ranar 25 ga Afrilu shekarar 2013, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Kenya ta yanke shawarar rage gasar zuwa kungiyoyi 20 don kakar shekarar 2014. Don hakan ta faru, an yanke shawarar cewa gasar za ta kunshi manyan kungiyoyi 5 a kowane shiyya (sai dai kungiyoyin biyu da suka yi nasara a wasan share fage ) baya ga kungiyoyin Premier biyu da suka fice daga gasar. Sauran kungiyoyin 29 za su koma FKF Division Two, wanda za a fara kakar wasa ta gaba, tare da kungiyoyi 8 da aka ci gaba daga gasar Lardi.
A ranar 10 ga Yulin shekarar 2013, an sanar da cewa Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Kenya ta gabatar da sabon tsarin gasar don fara aiki daga farkon kakar 2014. A kakar wasa ta shekarar 2015, kungiyoyi 18 ne za su fafata a gasar Premier ta Kenya, daga 16 na kakar shekarar 2014.
A farkon kakar wasa ta shekarar 2015, tattaunawar da aka yi tsakanin gasar firimiya ta Kenya da hukumar kwallon kafa ta Kenya game da fadada manyan jiragen sama ta ruguje, wanda a karshe ya haifar da kafa wani sabon rukuni mai kama da juna mai suna FKF Premier League (FKF PL) wanda ya kunshi Ƙungiyoyi 18, tare da KPL suna kiyaye ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi 16. Duk da haka, a ranar 23 ga Maris, 2015, bangarorin biyu sun cimma yarjejeniyar da ta bai wa KPL amincewa a hukumance a matsayin babban rukuni na Kenya da FKF PL a matsayin rukuni na biyu na Kenya na 2015, tare da yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna da ke bayyana tsarin ci gaba da raguwa a tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu na gasar. 2015 da kuma alakar da ke tsakanin KPL da tarayya dangane da gudanar da babban rabo daga 2016 zuwa gaba.
Adeniran Ogunsanya Street, Lagos
Titin Adeniran Ogunsanya titi ne dake cikin ƙaramar hukumar Surulere a jihar Legas kuma yana kusa da Akangba. Ana kiranta da sunan Adeniran Ogunsanya. Adeniran Ogunsanya street is home to the popular Adeniran Ogunsanya Shopping Mall.
Adeniran Ogunsanya Shopping Mall
Adeniran Ogunsanya Shopping Mall wanda kuma aka fi sani da Leisure Mall babban kantin siyayya ne na zamani wanda ke kan titin Adeniran Ogunsanya. Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Legas, Birgediya-Janar Mobolaji Johnson ne ya gina tare da kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1975, daga baya gwamnatin Babatunde Fashola ta sake gina babbar kasuwa a shekarar 2011. Kafin a sake gina ta a shekarar 2011, an san ta da "Adeniran Ogunsanya Shopping Centre" a karkashin kulawar LSDPC (Kamfanin Cigaban Jiha da Kaddarori na Jihar Legas). A wannan lokacin, ta ƙunshi kasuwancin dillalai da yawa kamar "Ices Parlour" (kantin sayar da kayan zaki) "Jack and Judy" (kayan kayan makaranta) kantin sayar da littattafai na Patabah, da "Omo Onikoyi" (gidan gyaran gashi). A halin yanzu tana da faɗin murabba'in murabba'in 22,000 tare da shaguna sama da 150, fakitin mota wanda zai iya ƙunsar motoci sama da 300, ɗagawa, injin hawa da sauran kayan aikin yau da kullun.
Ambaliyar Ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu ta 1987
Ambaliyar ruwan ta faru ne a cikin watan Satumban 1987, ta zama bala'i mafi muni a tarihin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, tare da 506 mace-mace.
Ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara ta ƙaura zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, wanda danshi daga kudu maso gabas ya rutsa da shi. Sama da kwanaki biyar farawa daga Satumba Ranar 25 ga wata, sassan lardin Natal da ke gabashin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu sun samu kusan 900 mm na ruwan sama. An kawo ƙarshen ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya a cikin watan Satumba 29. A cikin kwanaki uku, Mtunzini ya rubuta 801 mm na hazo. Ruwan sama mafi tsanani ya faru ne a wurare masu tsaunuka, wanda ya haifar da zabtarewar ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa, musamman a cikin koguna. Ruwan da ke gefen kogin Umgeni ya yi yawa har ya kwashe tsibiri. Kogin Mvoti ya kumbura zuwa faɗinsa 900 m, daga faɗinsa na yau da kullum na 35 m. Akwai jimillar 506 mace-mace masu alaƙa da lamarin. Ambaliyar ta lalata fiye da 30,000 gidaje, ya bar fiye da 50,000 mutane marasa gida. An ƙiyasta lalacewar dalar Amurka 500 miliyan. 14 an wanke gadoji. Ambaliyar ta lalata magudanan ruwa guda huɗu da ke aiki a yankin babban birnin Durban, lamarin da ya sa mutane suka rasa ruwa. Ƙauyukan karkara da dama sun lalace gaba daya. Ambaliyar ta kuma lalata filayen.
Bayan ambaliyar, jami’ai sun hana ruwan sha saboda gurɓacewar kayan abinci, Sojoji sun watsawa mazauna jawabai yadda za su tsaftace ruwansu.
Yunus Musa
Yunus Dimoara Musah (an haife shi a watan Nuwamba 29, shekaratar alif dubu biyu da biyu(2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Amurka wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Valencia da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka.
An haife shine a Amurka, iyayensa yan asalin Ghana, ya girma galibi a Italiya da Ingila. Ya kasance matashin ɗan wasan kasa da kasa na Ingila kafia ya koma Amurka a shekarata 2021.
Farkon aiki
An haifi Musah ne a birnin New York yayin da mahaifiyarsa 'yar kasar Ghana ce wanda ke hutu a Amurka. Mahaifinsa kuma ɗan kasar Ghana ne.Ya koma Italiya bayan haihuwarsa, yana zaune a Castelfranco Veneto kuma daga baya ya fara aikinsa a Giorgione Calcio 2000 .A shekarar 2012, yana da shekaru tara, ya koma London kuma ya shiga Kwalejin Arsenal. Kocin Arsenal ƴan kasa da shekara 16 Trevor Bumstead ya bayyana cewa Musah ya yi rawar gani nan take; "A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, ya kasance 'abin mamaki'. Yana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da tuƙi da ƙudurin tafiya tare da hakan. Zai buga ko'ina don shiga cikin kungiyar amma abin da ya fi so shi ne a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari."
Valencia
A lokacin rani a shekarar 2019, Musah ya shiga Valencia, yana da shekaru 16, kuma an sanya shi a cikin ajiyar Segunda División B.   Ya fara halarta na farko tare da ƙungiyar B yana da shekaru 16 a kan Satumba 15,shekaran 2019, yana farawa a wasan 0-0 na gida da CF La Nucía. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 1 ga Maris, shekaran 2020, inda ya jefa kwallo daya tilo da kungiyarsa ta samu a cikin rashin nasara da ci 2–1 a Gimnàstic de Tarragona.
Bayan zuwan sabon koci Javi Gracia a cikin tawagar farko ta Valencia, Musah ya shafe kafin kakar wasa ta shekarar 2020 tare da manyan 'yan wasan. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17 da watanni takwas, ya sanya tawagarsa ta farko-da La Liga - halarta a karon a ranar 13 ga Satumba na waccan shekarar, yana farawa a cikin nasarar gida da 4-2 da Levante UD. A yin haka, ya zama Ba’amurke na farko da ya fara taka leda a kulob din.
A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, shekarar 2020, yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 338, Musah ya zira kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Getafe CF, ya zama matashin dan wasan da ba dan Spain ba da ya zura kwallo a Valencia, ya karya tarihin da Lee Kang-in ya yi a baya. shekaru 18 da kwanaki 219. A wata mai zuwa, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Valencia har zuwa 2026. A ranar 16 ga Disamba, a zagaye na farko na gasar Copa del Rey, ya zo ne da mintuna hudu saura wurin zuwa kulob din Tercera División Terrassa FC kuma ya zira kwallo a ragar da ya yi daidai da inda tawagarsa ta ci 4-2 bayan karin lokaci.
A 2021–22 Copa del Rey, Musah ya ci nasara a CD Utrillas da CD Arenteiro a farkon zagayen. A wasan karshe a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, ya maye gurbin Dimitri Foulquier bayan mintuna 100 na wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Real Betis kuma shi ne dan wasan da ya rasa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Tun yana matashi Musah ya cancanci buga wa Amurka da Ghana da Italiya da Ingila wasa.
Kungiyoyin matasan Ingila
Musah ya fara buga wasan sa na farko a duniya tare da ƴan wasan Ingila na ƴan kasa da shekara 15 a shekarar 2016, sannan ya wakilci Ingila zuwa matakin ƴan kasa da shekara 18. An kuma kira shi zuwa tawagar ƴan ƙasa da shekaru 19 a watan Oktoba shekarar 2020. Fenaretin da Musah ya ci ya baiwa 'yan wasan Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 18 kunnen doki da 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na Brazil a ranar 8 ga Satumba, shekarar 2019, kuma ya ci gaba da zura wata muhimmiyar kwallo a ragar ƴan kasa da shekaru 18 na Austria a ranar 16 ga Oktoba,shekarar 2019, inda Ingila ta ci 3-2. . A dunkule Musah ya buga wa Ingila wasa fiye da 30 a matakin matasa.
Tawagar maza ta Amurka
Musah ya amince da kiran da aka yi wa manyan ‘yan wasan Amurka a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, shekarar 2020, don buga wasan sada zumunci da Wales da Panama a karshen wannan watan. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙwararrun Turai waɗanda suka haɗa da zaɓin farko na 10 kuma yana da matsakaicin shekaru 22. Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka ta tuntubi Musah ta hanyar Nico Estévez, mataimakiyar manajan Amurka wanda ke da alaƙa da Valencia CF wanda a baya ya jagoranci matasan su da ƙungiyoyin ajiya na tsawon shekaru takwas. Musah ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, inda ya fara wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da Wales a filin wasa na Liberty da ke Swansea. Daga nan ya fara nasara da ci 6–2 akan Panama a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba.
A karshen shekarar 2020, yayin da yake gab da cika shekaru 18 a duniya, Musah ya kasa tantance kan batun wace kasa ce zai wakilta ta dindindin. A ranar 15 ga Maris, shekarar 2021, duk da haka, a hukumance ya dage don wakiltar Amurka a duniya. Musah ya buga wa Amurka wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar 2022 a Qatar.
Aikin Garki
Aikin Garki wani bincike ne na sa kai (ba tare da samun riba ba) da hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta gudanar daga shekarar 1969 zuwa 1976 a karamar hukumar Garki ta jihar Jigawa ( a wancan lokaci na jihar Kano, Najeriya. Manufarta ita ce ta yi nazarin ilimin cututtuka da magance cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin ƙasan ƙauyen Sudan savanna a arewacin Najeriya.
Manufa
Babbar manufa ko makasudin aikin shine auna illolin feshi na cikin gida da sarrafa magungunan jama'a da ginawa da kuma gwada tsarin lissafi na yaɗa cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da kuma gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ne suka ɗauki nauyin aikin.
Sakamako
Aikin ya kammala da cewa feshin cikin gida tare da Propoxur yana da iyakacin tasiri kan cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro kuma yawan sarrafa sulfale-pyrimethamine (a hade tare da sauran spraying) ya kasa katse yaɗa cutar zazzabin cizon sauro na tsawon lokaci. Koyaya, an samo samfurin lissafin da aka yi amfani da shi don kwaikwayi ilimin cututtukan Plasmodium falciparum, da gaske kuma an ɗauke shi da cewa don amfani da shi wajen tsara maganin zazzabin cizon sauro.
Tasirin lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari
Sakamakon lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari, na iya zama mai tsanani ko jinkiri a cikin waɗanda aka fallasa. Mummunan illa na iya haɗawa da gubar magungunan kashe ƙwari, wanda zai iya zama gaggawar likita. Shaidu mai ƙarfi ya wanzu ga wasu, sakamakon rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci daga bayyanar magungunan kashe kwari ciki har da lahani na haihuwa, mutuwar tayin, rashin lafiyar neurodevelopment, ciwon daji, da cututtukan cututtuka ciki har da cutar Parkinson. Gubar magungunan kashe kwari ya dogara da nau'in sinadari, hanyar fallasa, adadin kuzari, da lokacin fallasa.
Alamun Cutar Daji
Alamun ciwon daji shine canje-canje a cikin jiki wanda ke haifar da kasancewar ciwon daji. Yawanci suna faruwa ne sakamakon illar da ciwon daji ke yi a sassan jiki inda yake girma, duk da cewa cutar na iya haifar da wasu alamomi na gaba daya kamar rage kiba ko kasala. Akwai nau'ikan ciwon daji sama da 100 daban-daban tare da alamu da alamu masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya bayyana ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Tasirin lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari
Dangane da Yarjejeniyar Stockholm kan Abubuwan gurɓacewar Halitta (2001), 9 daga cikin 12 mafi haɗari da sinadarai masu dagewa sune magungunan kashe qwari, da yawa yanzu an cire su daga amfani.
Alamun Cutar Daji
Alamu da Alamomi
Ciwon daji rukuni ne na cututtuka da ke tattare da hadakar kwayoyin cuta mara kyau tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yadasu zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Ciwon daji na iya zama da wahala a gano shi saboda alamunsa da alamunsa galibi ba takamaimai bane, ma'ana suna iya zama al'amura na gaba daya wadanda ba su nuna kai tsaye ga takamaiman tsarin cutar ba.
Tasirin lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari
Hanyar fallasa
Ana iya fallasa mutane da magungunan kashe qwari, waɗanda suka haɗa da maganin kashe kwari, maganin ciyawa, magungunan kashe qwari, ta hanyoyi daban-daban da suka haɗa da: sana’a, a gida, a makaranta, a iska, ruwa, ƙasa, da abinci. Kusan dukkan mutane suna fuskantar wani matakin maganin kashe kwari. Bayyanawa na iya faruwa ta hanyar sha, shakar numfashi, ko tuntuɓar fata. Wasu magungunan kashe qwari na iya zama a cikin muhalli na tsawon lokaci.
Alamun Cutar Daji
Alamu da Alamomi
A cikin magani, alamar wani yanki ne na hadinkai na bayanai wanda za'a iya aunawa ko a iya gani, kamar a cikin zafin jiki mai girma (zazzabi), kurji, ko rauni. Alamar alama, ta bambanta, ita ce kwarewa ta zahiri wanda zai iya nuna cuta, rashin lafiya ko rauni, kamar zafi, dizziness, ko gajiya. Alamu da alamun ba su bambanta da juna ba, misali za a iya lura da yanayin zafin jiki a matsayin alamar ta amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio wanda ke yin rikodin babban karatu.
Tasirin lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari
Hanyar fallasa
Akwai damuwa cewa magungunan kashe qwari da ake amfani da su don shawo kan kwari kan amfanin gonakin abinci na da haɗari ga mutanen da ke cinye waɗannan abincin. Yawancin amfanin gona na abinci, gami da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, suna ɗauke da ragowar magungunan kashe qwari ko da bayan an wanke su ko a kware su. Sinadaran da ba a yi amfani da su ba amma waɗanda ke da juriya ga rushewa na dogon lokaci na iya kasancewa a cikin ƙasa da ruwa kuma, ta haka, cikin abinci. Misali, yawancin mutane a Amurka har yanzu suna da matakan ganowa na dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), maganin kwari, duk da haramcin da aka yi a Amurka a 1972. Waɗannan damuwa sune dalili ɗaya na motsin abinci na halitta. A California, kashi 92% na ma’aikatan noma Latino ne kuma fallasa ga magungunan kashe qwari a yawancin lardunan Latino na jihar ga magungunan kashe qwari ya kai 906% sama da gundumomin da yawan Latino bai wuce 24%. Wannan ya haifar da damuwa game da adalci na muhalli. ￼
Alamun Cutar Daji
Alamu da Alamomi
Saboda yawancin alamun cutar kansa suna sannu a hankali a farkon kuma gabadaya a yanayi, gwajin cutar kansa (wanda ake kira sa ido kan kansa) shine babban fifikon lafiyar jama'a. Wannan na iya hadawa da aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, gwaje-gwajen jiki, samfuran nama, ko gwaje-gwajen hoto wanda gungiyar kwararrun ke ba da shawarar a gudanar da su a tsaka-tsakin kayyadaddun adadin jama'a. Bincike na iya gano ciwon daji kafin bayyanar cututtuka su bayyana, ko farkon yanayin cutar. Ana iya kare wasu cututtukan daji da alluran rigakafin kwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da su (misali, rigakafin HPV a matsayin rigakafin kansar mahaifa).
Tasirin lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari
Hanyar fallasa
Saboda yawan amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a harkar noma, Hukumar Codex Alimentarius ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da shawarar ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa don iyakacin iyaka (MRLs), ga kowane magungunan kashe qwari a cikin abinci. A cikin Amurka, matakan ragowar abubuwan da aka ba su izinin zama akan abinci suna iyakance bisa matakan haƙuri da ake ganin suna da aminci kamar yadda Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta kafa. EPA tana tsara matakan da aka halatta na ragowar magungunan kashe qwari bisa la'akari da gubar magungunan kashe qwari, abubuwan da suka lalace, adadin da yawan amfanin magungunan kashe qwari, da nawa na maganin kashe qwari (watau ragowar) ya rage a ciki ko akan abinci a lokacin da yake. kasuwa da rarraba. Ana samun matakan haƙuri ta amfani da ƙididdigar haɗarin kimiyya waɗanda ake buƙatar masana'antun magungunan kashe qwari su gudanar - kimantawa sun haɗa da nazarin toxicological, ƙirar fallasa da sauran binciken kafin a iya yin rajistar takamaiman maganin kashe qwari. Koyaya, ana gwada tasirin maganin kashe qwari guda ɗaya a lokaci guda kuma akwai ɗan bayani kan yuwuwar tasirin haɗin gwiwa na fallasa ga alamun magungunan kashe qwari da yawa a cikin iska, abinci da ruwa akan lafiyar ɗan adam.
Alamun Cutar Daji
Alamu da Alamomi
Bugu da kari, ilimin hakuri game da alamun damuwa wadanda ke budatar karin kimantawa shine mahimmanci don rage cututtuka da mace-mace daga ciwon daji. Alamun da ke haifar da damuwa mai yawa, alamun da ke ci gaba ko ba a bayyana su ba, da/ko bayyanar alamu da yawa tare musamman suna garantin kimantawa ta kwararrun lafiya.
Alamomin Ciwon Daji Da Alamun Ciki
Makanikai
Ciwon daji na iya haifar da alamu ta daya ko fiye daga cikin hanyoyi masu zuwa:
Alamomin tuhuma
Alamun ciwon daji na iya zama sauye-sauye na musamman ga jin dadin jin dadin jikin mutum (alamomin tsarin mulki), ko kuma na iya kasancewa zuwa wani tsarin gabobin jiki ko yanki na jiki.
Alamomin da ke biyo baya na iya zama bayyanar cutar kansa mai tushe. A madadin, za su iya yin nuni ga hanyoyin cututtukan da ba na kansa ba, ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji, ko ma kasancewa cikin kewayon ilimin lissafi na al'ada. Suna iya bayyana a farkon wurin ciwon daji ko kuma zama alamun ciwon daji metastasis, ko yaduwa. Ana bukatar karin aiki ta kwararren kiwon lafiya don gano cutar kansa.
Alamomin Tsarin Mulki
Tasirin lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari
Hanyar aiki
An ƙera magungunan kashe qwari don kashe rayayyun halittu kuma sun bambanta a tsarin aikin su, ya danganta da ajin su. Babban nau'ikan magungunan kashe qwari sune organochlorine (OCPs) ko masu gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin halitta (POPs), organophosphates, carbamates, phyrethroids, da triazines. Duk da yake an nuna duk magungunan kashe qwari suna da tasiri akan lafiyar ɗan adam, OCPs sun shahara ga babban haɗari ga mummunan sakamako yayin da suke narkewa a cikin kyallen takarda kuma suna iya, ta haka, taru zuwa matakan cutarwa a cikin waɗannan kyallen takarda. Misali, wasu OCPs suna kama da tsarin isrogen kuma suna iya kwaikwayi tasirin isrogen na ciki ta hanyar ɗaure ga masu karɓar isrogen. Wadannan magungunan kashe qwari suna nuna tasirin su mai guba ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da homeostasis na hormonal, wanda ke haifar da dysregulation na hormonal. Wannan yana haɓaka haɓaka mara kyau da haɓaka kyallen jikin haihuwa kuma yana iya haifar da ciwon daji ko illa ga lafiyar haihuwa. OCPs ko POPs, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a ayyukan noma a cikin 1950s, yanzu an hana su a yawancin ƙasashe. Koyaya, samfuran su na lalacewa suna dagewa kuma ana iya samun su a cikin ƙasa.
Alamun Cutar Daji
Alamomin Ciwon daji: Aikin Likita
Kwararrun kiwon lafiya na iya bin aikin bincike na yau da kullun don tantance alamun cutar kansa. Gwaje-gwajen da aka ba da umarnin za su dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da ake zargi. Wadannan na iya haɗawa da:
Tasirin lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari
Hanyar aiki
Har ila yau, magungunan kashe qwari na iya haifar da mummunan tasirin su ga lafiyar ɗan adam ta hanyar yin aiki a kan masu karɓar tantanin halitta da tashoshi na ion, danne hanyoyin sigina masu mahimmanci a cikin sel, da kuma rinjayar DNA methylation da gyare-gyare na histone, don haka ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin maganganun kwayoyin halitta da aikin salula. ￼
M tasiri
Matsalolin lafiya mai tsanani na iya faruwa a cikin ma'aikatan da ke sarrafa magungunan kashe qwari, kamar ciwon ciki, tashin hankali, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, amai, da kuma matsalolin fata da ido. A kasar Sin, kimanin mutane rabin miliyan ne ke fama da guba a kowace shekara, 500 daga cikinsu suna mutuwa. Pyrethrins, magungunan kashe kwari da aka saba amfani da su a cikin masu kashe kwaro na gama gari, na iya haifar da yanayi mai yuwuwar mutuwa idan an hura su.
Alamun Cutar Daji
Alamun Jiyya da Na Biyu
Alamomin da ke bukatar magani na gaggawa sun haɗa da:
Tasirin lafiya na magungunan kashe kwari
Ciwon daji
Yawancin karatu sun yi nazarin tasirin tasirin maganin kashe kwari akan haɗarin cutar kansa. An gano ƙungiyoyi tare da: cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, kwakwalwa, koda, nono, prostate, pancreas, hanta, huhu, ciki, esophageal, da kuma ciwon daji na fata. Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan haɗari yana faruwa tare da bayyanuwar mazaunin gida da na sana'a. An samu karuwar cutar daji a tsakanin ma'aikatan gona da ke amfani da wadannan sinadarai. Nazarin ya ba da shawarar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bayyanar carbamate da glioma da meningioma, bayyanar glyphosate da watsa babban lymphoma B-cell, da kuma bayyanar alachlor da ciwon daji na laryngeal. Bayyanar sana'ar mahaifiya ga magungunan kashe qwari a lokacin daukar ciki yana da alaƙa da haɓaka haɗarin cutar sankarar bargo, ƙwayar Wilms, da kansar ƙwaƙwalwa. Fitar da maganin kashe kwari a cikin gida da maganin ciyawa a waje yana da alaƙa da cutar kansar jini a cikin yara. Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2007 ya gano cewa "mafi yawan binciken akan lymphoma da ba Hodgkin da cutar sankarar bargo ya nuna ƙungiyoyi masu kyau tare da maganin magungunan kashe qwari " don haka ya kammala cewa ya kamata a rage yawan amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
Tsarin kwayoyin da aka ba da shawarar don haɗuwa da bayyanar magungunan kashe qwari da ci gaban ciwon daji shine lalacewa ga kayan halitta irin su chromosomes, DNA, da sunadarai na histone, ko lalacewa ga kwayoyin halitta irin su endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endocrin networks, da makaman nukiliya.
Neurological
Akwai tarin shaidun tasirin jijiya na biyu zuwa fallasa magungunan kashe qwari. Babban bayyanar cututtuka ga manyan magungunan kashe qwari da ke shafar tsarin kulawa na tsakiya na iya haifar da neurotoxicity, ciki har da fahimi da canje-canje na mota. Bayyanar cikin mahaifa da farkon yara ga organophosphates na iya haifar da nakasu na ci gaban neurodevelopment, musamman saboda wasu magungunan kashe qwari da metabolites ɗin su suna haye mahaifa da shingen jini-kwakwalwa tayi, wanda bai cika ci gaba ba a cikin wata cuta. tayi. Bugu da ƙari, an haɗa tarin tarin abubuwan da ke faruwa na yau da kullun tare da haɗarin haɓakar cututtukan neurodegenerative daga baya a rayuwa. Akwai ƙwaƙƙwaran shaidar cewa kamuwa da cutar kashe qwari na yau da kullun yana ƙara haɗarin haɓaka cutar ta Parkinson, mai yuwuwa ta hanyar tasirin guba kai tsaye akan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dopaminergic (waɗanda ke raguwa a cikin cutar Parkinson). Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙara shaida cewa bayyanar cututtuka na yau da kullum yana ƙara haɗarin cutar Alzheimer. Bita na nazari da yawa waɗanda suka kalli yawan fallasa magungunan kashe qwari, galibi organophosphates, a tsakanin ma'aikatan aikin gona sun ƙara ba da shawarar sakamako na jijiyoyi ga irin wannan bayyanar. Babban bayyanar maganin kashe qwari yana haɗuwa da neurologic, neuropsychiatric, da cututtukan neurodegenerative tsakanin ma'aikatan aikin gona waɗanda ke amfani da magungunan kashe qwari. Cututtukan da aka ruwaito sune: ADHD, damuwa, damuwa, dizziness, ciwon kai da rashin jin daɗi (wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman alamar farko don cututtuka na neurodegenerative).
Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Amurka ta kammala nazarin shekaru 10 na magungunan kashe qwari na organophosphate biyo bayan Dokar Kariya ta Abinci ta 1996, amma ba ta yi la'akari da tasirin ci gaban neurotoxic ba, yana jawo zargi mai ƙarfi daga cikin hukumar da masu bincike na waje.
Tasirin haihuwa
Yawancin magungunan kashe qwari suna aiki azaman sinadarai masu lalata endocrine (EDC) ko abubuwan da ke tsoma baki tare da ayyukan hormonal na yau da kullun. Tun daga shekarar 2013, an jera magungunan kashe qwari guda 101 a matsayin tabbatarwa ko yiwuwar masu rushewar endocrine. Don haka, babban matakan da/ko bayyanar dogon lokaci ga magungunan kashe qwari na iya yin tasiri ga lafiyar haihuwa kuma yana da alaƙa da raguwar haihuwa, ƙara yawan zubar da ciki, da canje-canje a yanayin balaga. Musamman, triazines, gabobin-chlorine, da ƙwayoyin kwari na carbamate suna da tasirin anti-androgenic da ke tasiri ga maza, wanda ke haifar da rashin haɓaka halayen namiji ciki har da raguwa a cikin girman jini, samar da maniyyi, da samar da androgen. Bayyanar magungunan kashe qwari ya haifar da raguwar haihuwa a cikin maza, sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta a cikin maniyyi, raguwar adadin maniyyi, lalacewa ga epithelium germinal da kuma canza aikin hormone.
Sakamakon rushewar endocrin yana dogara ne akan lokacin fallasa magungunan kashe qwari (misali, lokacin embryogenesis a farkon ciki ko kuma a cikin ƙuruciya) kamar yadda tagogin bambance-bambancen mai sauƙi ke bayyana bayyanar cututtuka. Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa yawan magungunan kashe qwari a cikin jinin mahaifiyar yana da alaƙa da tsawon lokaci zuwa ciki da kuma yawan rashin haihuwa. Misali, a cikin iyaye mata da/ko abokan aikinsu da suka ba da rahoton bayyanar maganin kashe kwari, an sami ƙarin haɗarin zubar da ciki tare da haɗin gwiwa mafi ƙarfi tare da fallasa a cikin makonni uku na farko na ciki. Wataƙila wannan yana da alaƙa da yiwuwar mummunan tasirin magungunan kashe qwari akan ci gaban oocyte da hadi. Hakazalika, binciken da ke kimanta tasiri na ɗan gajeren lokaci na bayyanar da sana'a ga magungunan kashe qwari iri-iri akan lafiyar haihuwa ya nuna cewa magungunan kashe qwari na iya yin mummunar tasiri akan maniyyi-bayyanar magungunan kashe qwari, hade da raguwar motsin maniyyi, lahani a cikin ilimin halittar jini da maniyyi. Koyaya, ba a san tasirin tasirin maganin kashe qwari na dogon lokaci akan spermatogenesis da haihuwa ba.
Saboda wasu magungunan kashe qwari da abubuwan da ke haifar da su na iya haye mahaifa kuma, sabili da haka, shingen jini-kwakwalwa, kuma suna iya tasiri ga ci gaban tayin; ƙwaƙƙwarar shaida tana haɗa abubuwan da suka faru kafin haihuwa da bayan haihuwa zuwa magungunan kashe qwari zuwa cututtuka na haihuwa, gami da nakasa ta jiki da/ko ta hankali, mutuwar tayin da canjin girma tayi. Wataƙila mafi yawan sanannun tasirin kiwon lafiya na magungunan kashe qwari shine haɓaka ƙimar lahani na haihuwa a cikin yankunan Vietnam da aka fesa tare da defoliant ko Agent Orange, cakuda 50:50 na 2,4,5-T da 2,4-D, wanda ya kasance hade da mummunar lafiya da tasirin kwayoyin halitta a Malaya da Vietnam. An kuma gano cewa ‘ya’yan da a wani lokaci suka yi fama da maganin kashe kwari suna da karancin nauyin haihuwa kuma suna da nakasu wajen ci gaba. Haka kuma an danganta bayyanar da mahaifa ga magungunan kashe qwari da yawaitar cutar hypospadia a cikin jarirai, wanda shine rashin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen urethra a cikin maza.
Sauran
Wasu nazarin sun sami ƙarin haɗarin dermatitis a cikin waɗanda aka fallasa.
Bugu da ƙari, bincike ya nuna cewa kamuwa da magungunan kashe qwari yana da alaƙa da matsalolin numfashi na dogon lokaci. An sami wata ƙungiya mai mahimmanci tsakanin bayyanar da magungunan kashe qwari da rage aikin huhu tare da alamun alamun iska. Nazarin ya ba da shawarar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamuwa da magungunan kashe qwari da alamun hanyar iska kamar su hushi, tari, gajeriyar numfashi, ciwon hanci, ciwo ko hangula na makogwaro, da wahalar numfashi. Rage aikin huhu yana da alaƙa da bayyanar da sana'a ga magungunan kashe qwari. Nazarin ya nuna alaƙa tsakanin hana cholinesterase ta magungunan kashe qwari kamar carbamate da organophosphate da raguwa ko nakasa aikin huhu. Bugu da kari, an kuma bayar da rahoton cewa ana danganta kamuwa da magungunan kashe qwari da yanayin huhu mai hanawa. Musamman, bayyanar organophosphate yana da alaƙa da raguwar aikin huhu wanda wani tsari mai ƙuntatawa ya haifar.
Takaitattun binciken da aka yi bita na ƙwararru sun bincika haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bayyanar magungunan kashe qwari da sakamakon neurologic da ciwon daji, watakila abubuwa biyu mafi mahimmanci da suka haifar da ma'aikatan organophosphate.
Akwai ƙara shaida cewa maiyuwa yana nuna haɗarin haɓakar nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 tare da fallasa magungunan kashe qwari da metabolites.
Rigakafi
Ba za a iya yin nazarin bayyanar da magungunan kashe qwari ba a cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa na placebo saboda wannan zai zama rashin da'a. Don haka ba za a iya kafa alaƙar tasirin tasiri ta tabbatacce ba. Za a iya kuma an tattara tabbataccen shaida ta wasu ƙirar binciken. Don haka ana yawan amfani da ƙa'idar yin taka tsantsan a cikin dokar muhalli kamar yadda ba a buƙatar cikakkiyar hujja kafin a samar da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na rage fallasa masu guba.
Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amirka ta ba da shawarar iyakance kamuwa da magungunan kashe qwari. Sun cimma wannan matsaya ne saboda yadda tsarin sa ido a halin yanzu bai isa ba don tantance matsalolin da suka shafi fallasa. Amfanin takaddun shaida da shirye-shiryen sanar da jama'a ba su da darajar da ba a san su ba a iyawarsu ta hana sakamako mara kyau.
Epidemiology
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi kiyasin cewa a kowace shekara, ma'aikata miliyan 3 a fannin aikin gona a kasashe masu tasowa na fuskantar mummunar guba daga magungunan kashe kwari, wadanda kusan 18,000 ke mutuwa. A cewar wani bincike, kusan ma’aikata miliyan 25 a ƙasashe masu tasowa na iya shan ɗan ƙaramin guba a duk shekara. An gano matakan magungunan kashe qwari 50 daban-daban a cikin jinin samfurin wakilcin jama'ar Amurka.
Bincike rikice-rikice na sha'awa
An tayar da damuwa game da rikice-rikice na bukatu game da tushen bincike don wasu bincike game da gubar magungunan kashe qwari. Misali, Richard Doll na Asusun Binciken Ciwon Kankara na Imperial a Ingila an gano yana da alaƙar da ba a bayyana ba ga tallafin masana'antu.
Sauran dabbobi
Yawancin magungunan kashe qwari ciki har da neonicotinoids clothesianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid suna da guba ga ƙudan zuma. Bayyana ga magungunan kashe qwari na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da rikicewar rushewar mulkin mallaka. Wani bincike a Arewacin Carolina ya nuna cewa fiye da kashi 30 na quail da aka gwada sun yi rashin lafiya ta hanyar amfani da maganin kwari guda ɗaya. Da zarar sun yi rashin lafiya, tsuntsayen daji za su iya yin watsi da ’ya’yansu, su watsar da gidajensu, kuma su zama masu saurin kamuwa da namun daji ko cuta.
Mohammed Alkali
Sanata Mohammed D. Alkali (an haife shi ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 1950) an zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Jigawa ta Arewa maso yamma na jihar Jigawa, Nigeria a farkon jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, wanda ya tsaya takara a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). Ya yi aiki daga ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1999 har zuwa Mayu shekarar 2003.
Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Alkali a ranar 17 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1950 a garin Gumel, cikin karamar hukumar Gumel ta jihar Jigawa. Ya kasance malami mai koyar da aikin gona a ma’aikatar noma ta Arewacin Najeriya a lardin Kano kafin ya shiga kasuwanci na zaman kansa. Ya yi aiki a Messrs Umaru Na'Abba & Sons Limited, sannan ya zama shugaba da manajan darakta na Amasons International Limited. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kamfanin Jos Steel Rolling Company da Gumel Emirate Foundation. An baiwa Alkali sarautar gargajiya ta Sardaunan garin Gumel.
Sanata 1999 - 2003
Bayan ya hau kujerar majalisar dattawa a watan Yuni shekarar 1999, an naɗa Alkali a kwamitocin harkokin sufurin jiragen sama, harkokin ‘yan sanda, sufuri (mataimakin shugaban kasa), yawon buɗe ido da al’adu da basussukan cikin gida da waje. An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa akan ayyuka na musamman. A cikin wannan rawar, a cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 2001, ya yi kira da a tallafa wa waɗanda bala’in ambaliyar ruwa ya shafa a karamar hukumar Ringim, dake Jihar Jigawa.
Fagen siyasa
Alkali ya kasance ɗan takarar gwamnan jihar Jigawa a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar PDP a zaɓen shekarar 2003, wanda ministan harkokin ƙasashen waje Sule Lamido ya ɗauki nauyinsa. Matakin da Lamido ya ɗauka na yin watsi da shawarwarin kwamitin tantancewa na jam’iyyar PDP ya haifar da kazamar zanga-zanga. Ibrahim Saminu Turaki na jam'iyyar ANPP ne ya doke shi. Alkali ya yi ikirarin cewa ANPP ta yi magudi a zaɓen kuma ya ce zai ƙalubalanci sakamakon har sai an ga an yi adalci. A watan Mayun shekarar 2005, an naɗa shi kwamishinan tarayya kuma mataimakin babban mai shigar da kara a hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga da kasafin kudi na fadar shugaban ƙasa ƙarƙashin Alhaji Hamman A. Tukur. Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin har zuwa ranar 12 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2010, lokacin da wa'adinsa na shekaru biyar ya kare.
Alkali ya yi burin zama ɗan takarar gwamnan jihar Jigawa a jam’iyyar PDP a shekarar 2007, amma jam’iyyar ta zaɓi Sule Lamido a madadinsa, kuma aka ci gaba da zaben Lamido. A watan Afrilun shekarar 2009, bayan ya bayyana shirin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan jihar Jigawa a zaben shekarar 2011, Masarautar Gumel ta cire sunan sa na “Sarduana Gumel”. Watakila wannan shawarar ta biyo bayan matsin lamba daga Lamido. Alkali dai bai bayyana jam’iyyar da zai tsaya takara ba, amma kakakin jam’iyyar PDP reshen jihar Jigawa ya ce ba za su amince da Alkalin ba.
Jerin mataimakan gwamnonin Jihar Jigawa
Wannan shine jerin sunayen mataimakan gwamnonin jihar Jigawa.
Kwalejin Malamai ta Adeniran Ogunsanya
Kwalejin Malamai ta Adeniran Ogunsanya, wanda aka fi sani da AOCOED, ita ce cibiyar ilimin gaba da sakandare da ke yankin al'ummar Oto-Awori a yankin Oto-Awori na Ojo, Jihar Legas. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Adeniran Ogunsanya tana ba da shaidar kammala karatu ta Shaidar Kammala Karatun Malunta a Najeriya wato Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) da shaidar kammala digiri na farko a fannin Ilimi, kasancewar tana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti.
Tarihi
Kwalejin, wacce a da ake kiranta da Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Legas, an kafa ta ne a shekarar 1958 a matsayin kwalejin horar da malamai ta Grade III, inda ta amshi dalibai kusan casa’in a shekararta na farko. A cikin 1982, saboda rashin isassun kayan aiki, kayan aiki na zamani da karuwar yawan jama'a, an mayar da kwalejin daga Surulere zuwa wurin da take a yanzu a Oto-Awori.
Sassa a Kwalejin Adeniran Ogunsanya
A yanzu haka akwai sassa 6 a kwalejin ilimi ta Adeniran Ogunsanya, wadanda
Manazarta
6.5004°N, 3.11083°W 6.5004°N, 3.11083°W
Majalisar zartaswa ta Jihar Jigawa
Majalisar zartaswa ta jihar Jigawa (wadda aka fi sani da, majalisar ministocin jihar Jigawa ) ita ce mafi girma a hukumance da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwamnatin jihar Jigawa ƙarƙashin jagorancin gwamnan jihar Jigawa. Majalisar ta ƙunshi Mataimakin Gwamna, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha, da Kwamishinonin da ke jagorantar sassan ma'aikatun.
Ayyuka
Majalisar zartaswa tana wanzuwa don ba da shawara da jagoranci. Nadin da aka yi a matsayin mambobin majalisar zartaswa ya ba su ikon gudanar da ayyukansu.
Majalisar ministocin yanzu
Majalisar zartaswa na yanzu tana aiki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Mohammed Badaru Abubakar.
Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga jihar Kebbi
Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga jihar Kebbi ta ƙunshi Sanatoci uku da wakilai takwas.
Majalisa ta 9 (2019-2023)
An ƙaddamar da Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta 9 (2019-2023) a ranar 11 ga Yuni 2019, kuma za ta kare 2023. Jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress ta lashe dukkan kujerun majalisar dattawa da na majalisar wakilai da aka ware wa tawagar Kebbi.
Majalisa ta 8 (2015-2019)
Majalisar Kasa ta 8 (2015 – 2019). Jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) ta lashe dukkanin majalisar dattawa.
Sanatoci masu wakiltar jihar Kebbi a majalissar ta 8 sune:
Majalisa ta 6 (2007-2011)
An ƙaddamar da majalisar kasa ta 6 (2007-2011) a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2007. Jam’iyyar PDP ta lashe dukkan kujerun majalisar dattawa da na wakilai.
Sanatoci masu wakiltar jihar Kebbi a majalissar ta 6 sune: Wakilai a majalisa ta 6 sune:
Mukhtar Shehu Idris
Mukhtar Shehu Idris (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1974) ɗan Najeriya ne mai gudanarwa kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance zababben gwamnan jihar Zamfara a zaben gwamna na 2019 a karkashin jam'iyyar APC. Kwanaki biyar da rantsar da shi a matsayin gwamnan jihar Zamfara kotun koli ta soke zaben Idris da daukacin ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar APC a zaben 2019 tare da umartar hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta da ta bayyana dukkan wadanda suka yi takara na farko a zaben wadanda suka cika sharuddan dokokin A mtsayin wadanda suka yi nasara a zaben. Babban mai kalubalantar sa a zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar APC a jihar, Kabir Marafa [marafan gusau] ya garzaya kotu a kan cewa jam’iyyar APC a Zamfara ba ta gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar ba, ya kuma yi addu’a ga kotun da ta soke duk ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar a zabe mai zuwa. zaben 2019. An bayyana ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar adawa ta People’s Democratic Party, wadanda suka sha kaye a zaben a matsayin wadanda suka lashe zaben, kuma sun zama wadanda suka fi cin gajiyar rikicin na APC. A watan Janairun 2020, APC ta garzaya kotun koli domin ta sake duba hukuncin da ta yanke a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2020, kotun ta ki sake duba hukuncin nata wanda ta ce shi ne na karshe kuma ta dauki nauyin dukkan bangarorin da ke cikin karar.
Farkon Rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1974 a Tudun Wada, karamar hukumar Gusau ta jihar Zamfara.
Karatu
Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare ya tafi Government College Sokoto domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Bayero Kano inda ya kammala digirinsa na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki a shekarar 1997. A shekara ta 2000, ya koma makarantarsa inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin banki da hada-hadar kudi. A shekarar 2003 ya samu digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin kasa da kasa da diflomasiyya a jami’ar Ahmadu Bello ta Zariya. Ya kara da digiri na biyu na biyu daga Jami’ar Bayero Kano a fannin nazarin cigaba (2005) da kuma “Treasury Management (2014).
Aiki
Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar matasa a Asusun Tallafawa Iyali. Nadin sa na farko shi ne mataimakin mai kula da bankin Chattered Plc a Legas daga 1998 zuwa 1999. Ya koma Northco Holdings a matsayin Admin Officer a 1999 kuma ya koma Intercellular Nigeria Plc a matsayin Mataimakin Manaja a 2001. Ya kasance manajan darakta na Flamingo Resource Ltd Kano daga 2007 zuwa 2011.
A shekarar 2011 Gwamna Abdul'aziz Abubakar Yari na jihar Zamfara ya nada shi kwamishinan gidaje da raya birane kuma ya nada shi kwamishinan kudi a shekarar 2015, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa shekarar 2018.
Siyasa
Ya tsaya takarar dan majalisa GBr tarayya mai wakiltar Gusau/Tsafe a jihar Zamfara a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP amma ba a ba shi tikitin takarar ba. Daga baya ya koma jam’iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). Ya lashe zaben fidda gwanin takarar gwamna na jam’iyyar APC na jihar Zamfara a watan Oktoban 2018. An zabi Mukhtar a matsayin gwamnan jihar Zamfara a zaben gwamna na 2019 da aka gudanar a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2019.
KebantacciyarRayuwa
Yana da aure da 'ya'ya.