cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
Tinaninsa
Hakanan gaskiyane, duk da haka, cewa Ibn al-Qayyim hakika ya sami wasu daga cikin maganganun malamin na Ibn Taymiyyah game da abin da ya hango yana wuce gona da iri a cikin sihiri. Misali, ya ji cewa karfin da ayyukan Ibran Arabi suka fara yi ya mamaye duk duniyar Sunni yana haifar da kurakurai a cikin rukunan koyarwa. A sakamakon haka, ya yi watsi da ra'ayin Ibn Arabi na wahdat al-wajud ko "kadaitaka kasancewar, " da hamayya, bugu da kari, wasu daga cikin matsanancin ra'ayi na Sufism wadanda suka sami kudin musamman a cikin sabon kujerar musulinci iko, Mamluk Misira da Siriya. " Wancan ya ce, bai taɓa la'antar Sufiyya da gaskiya ba, kuma ayyukansa da yawa suna ba da shaida, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ga girman girmamawar da ya riƙe mafi yawan al'adar Sufic.  A cikin wannan dangane, yana da mahimmamci cewa Ibn al-Qayyim ya bi Ibn Taymiyyah cikin "yabo a kai a kai" malamin farko na ruhaniya al-Junayd, daya daga cikin manya-manyan tsarkakan al'adun Sufi, da kuma "sauran farkon ruhi Masoyan Bagadaza wadanda daga baya aka sani da suna 'sober' Sufis. " A zahirin gaskiya, Ibn al-Qayyim bai yi Allah wadai da Suffis mai muni ba, dangane da fitowar su ta ruhaniya a matsayin alamun “rauni” na ruhaniya maimakon na heresy . Matsayin Ibn al-Qayyim sosai a cikin wannan al'amari ya haifar da rubuta gafararsa ga fitintinun da wasu Sufis na farko suka yi kamar yadda Sufis da yawa suka yi a gabanshi.
Kiristanci
Ya kasance mai sukar Krista da abin da suka yi, ya kira su a cikin “'yan uwan aladu”. "Ina taya Krista murna a bikin nasu kwatankwacin taya su murnar bauta wa gicciyensu da bada gaskiya ga Yesu a matsayin dan Allah ." A cikin littafinsa, Kitab Hidayat ul-Hayara, ya rubuta cewa: “The Christians are misguided cross worshippers. They are those who swear at Allah (swt) the Creator in a way no other human has sworn at Allah (swt).
They are like those before who did not believe that Allah is unique as stated in Surah Ikhlas, nor do they make him greater than everything; rather they say, “the heaven and earth will crack and the mountains will fall down.”
The base of their Aqeedah and their biggest curse against Allah (swt) is the Trinity. According to the Christians Mariam (as) is the lover of Allah (swt) and Isa (as) is His son. They claim the Almighty Allah came down from His great chair and melted in the womb of Mariam (as), until He was killed and buried at the hands of man.
Its Deen is the worship of the cross; its supplication is for the images that are drawn on the wall, in red and yellow colours. They say in their prayer “O mother of God provide for us, forgive us and have mercy on us.”
Their Deen is to drink alcohol, eat pork, desert circumcision, worship with impurity and eat everything, even if it is filthy, whether that be the elephant or the mosquito. What is lawful and unlawful is what their priests say; the priests can take them to heaven and forgive their sins."
He also wrote a poem called “Oh, Worshippers of Christ!” in it he calls Christians “liars, fabricators and cross worshippers.”
Yanayin aiki
Ibn Qayyim was respected by a number of scholars during and after his life. Ibn Kathir stated that Ibn al-Qayyim, Ibn Rajab, one of Ibn Qayyim's students, stated that, Despite being praised by a number of Sunni scholars, he was also criticized by others.
The m Shafi'i shugaban hukunci na Damascus Taqi al-Din al-Subki wadai Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, a kan karbar na sau uku saki, kuma a kan asusun da ya view bayar da izni cikin hali na doki jinsi ba tare da sa hannu na mai na uku mai gasa.
Subki also stated that, "Abin wannan mutum yake so kawai a wurin gamarin mutane, shine babu wasu musulmai sai shi da mabiyansa"
Kuma ya bama wani littafin sa na raddi suna da "Takobi mai kaifi akan Ibn al-Qayyim" akan akidar sa ga siffofin Allah.
"Kada ku sake ku karanta abinda ke cikin littattafan Ibn kayyim da kuma wasu masu kama dashi, wadanda suka dauki ra'ayinsu a matsayin abin bautar su, kuma sune wadanda Allah ya batar. Kunnuwansu da da zunciyarsu an kulle su, kuma idanuwansu an rufe su"
Ayyuka
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah's contributions to the Islamic library are extensive, and they particularly deal with the Qur'anic commentaries, and understanding and analysis of the prophetic traditions (Fiqh-us Sunnah) (فقه ). He "wrote about a hundred books", including:
Ka'idar Cartagena akan Biosafety
Yarjejeniyar Cartagena kan Tsaron Tsirrai zuwa Yarjejeniyar kan Bambancin Halitta yarjejeniya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa kan tsaron Halitta a matsayin kari ga Yarjejeniyar Wanzuwar Halittu (CBD) wanda ya fara aiki tun daga shekara ta 2003. Yarjejeniyar Biosafety tana neman kare wanzuwar halittu daga yiwuwar haɗarin da ƙwayoyin halitta suka haifar da ƙwayoyin da suka samo asali daga fasahar zamani.
Yarjejeniyar Biosafety ta bayyana a fili cewa samfuran daga sabbin fasahohi dole ne su dogara ne akan ƙa'idar kariya kuma su ba kasashe masu tasowa damar daidaita lafiyar jama'a da fa'idodin tattalin arziki. Misali zai bar ƙasashe su hana shigo da kwayoyin halitta idan sun ji cewa babu isasshen shaidar kimiyya cewa samfurin yana da aminci kuma yana buƙatar masu fitarwa su lakafta jigilar kayayyaki da ke ɗauke da kayan da aka canza su kamar masara ko auduga.
An kai adadin kayan aiki 50 da ake buƙata na tabbatarwa / shiga / amincewa / karɓa ta ƙasashe a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2003. Dangane da tanadin Mataki na 37, Yarjejeniyar ta fara aiki a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2003. Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2020, Yarjejeniyar tana da jam'iyyu 173, wanda ya hada da kasashe 170 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Jihar Falasdinu, Niue, da Tarayyar Turai.
Tarihi
An karɓi Yarjejeniyar Cartagena a kan Tsaron Tsirrai, wanda aka fi sani da Yarjejeniyar Biosafity, a watan Janairun 2000, bayan ƙungiyar aiki ta CBD Open-ended Ad Hoc Working Group on Biosafury ta haɗu sau shida tsakanin Yuli 1996 da Fabrairu 1999. Kungiyar Aiki ta gabatar da rubutun Yarjejeniyar, don la'akari da Taron Jam'iyyun a taron farko na musamman, wanda aka taru don manufar karɓar yarjejeniya kan tsaron halittu ga CBD. Bayan 'yan jinkiri, an karɓi Yarjejeniyar Cartagena a ranar 29 ga Janairun 2000 Yarjejeniyar Biosafety tana neman kare bambancin halittu daga haɗarin da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa waɗanda suka haifar da fasahar halittu ta zamani.
Manufar
Dangane da tsarin kariya, wanda ke cikin Ka'idar 15 na Sanarwar Rio kan Muhalli da Ci gaba, manufar Yarjejeniyar ita ce ta ba da gudummawa don tabbatar da isasshen matakin kariya a fagen canja wurin lafiya, sarrafawa da amfani da 'kayan da aka gyara da suka samo asali daga fasahar halittu ta zamani' wanda zai iya samun mummunar tasiri kan kiyayewa da amfani mai ɗorewa na bambancin halittu, tare da la'akari da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam, kuma mayar da hankali kan motsi na iyaka (Mataki na 1 na Yarjejeniyar, SCBD 2000).￼
Rayayyun ƙwayoyin halitta (LMOs)
Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana 'matsalolin da aka gyara mai rai' a matsayin kowane abu mai rai wanda ke da sabon haɗuwa na kayan kwayar halitta da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da fasahar kimiyyar zamani, kuma 'matsayyar halitta' tana nufin kowane bangare na halitta wanda zai iya canja ko kwafin kayan kwayar cuta, gami da kwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin cuta da viroids. 'An bayyana 'Fasahar kimiyyar zamani' a cikin Yarjejeniyar don nufin aikace-aikacen dabarun in vitro nucleic acid, ko haɗuwa da sel fiye da dangin taxonomic, waɗanda suka shawo kan shingen haihuwar jiki ko sake haɗuwa kuma ba dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kiwo da zabin gargajiya ba. 'Living modified organism (LMO) Products' an bayyana su azaman kayan sarrafawa waɗanda suka fito ne daga asalin kwayoyin halitta mai canzawa, wanda ke dauke da sababbin abubuwan da za a iya ganowa na kayan kwayar halitta da aka samo ta hanyar amfani da fasahar halittu ta zamani. LMOs na yau da kullun sun haɗa da amfanin gona waɗanda aka canza su don ƙarin yawan aiki ko don juriya ga kwari ko cututtuka. Misalan amfanin gona da aka gyara sun hada da tumatir, cassava, masara, auduga da soya. 'Jami'ar da aka gyara don amfani kai tsaye a matsayin abinci ko abinci, ko don sarrafawa (LMO-FFP)' kayan aikin gona ne daga amfanin GM. Gabaɗaya kalmar 'kayan halitta masu rai' daidai take da kwayoyin halitta da aka canza su ta hanyar kwayar halitta. Yarjejeniyar ba ta nuna bambanci tsakanin waɗannan kalmomin ba kuma ba ta amfani da kalmar 'kwayar halitta da aka gyara ta hanyar kwaya ba.
Hanyar kariya
Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli da Ci gaba (wanda aka fi sani da Taron Duniya) wanda aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a watan Yunin 1992, shine karɓar Sanarwar Rio kan Muhalli Da Ci gaba, wanda ya ƙunshi ka'idoji 27 don tallafawa ci gaba mai ɗorewa. An san shi da ka'idar kariya, Ka'idar 15 ta bayyana cewa "Domin kare muhalli, Jihohi za su yi amfani da tsarin kariya bisa ga iyawarsu. Inda akwai barazanar mummunar lalacewa ko lalacewa ba za a iya dawo da ita ba, ba za a yi amfani da rashin cikakken tabbacin kimiyya a matsayin dalilin jinkirta matakan da suka dace don hana lalacewar muhalli ba. "
Aikace-aikacen
Yarjejeniyar ta shafi motsi na iyaka, wucewa, sarrafawa da amfani da dukkan ƙwayoyin da aka gyara masu rai waɗanda zasu iya haifar da mummunar tasiri akan kiyayewa da amfani mai ɗorewa na bambancin halittu, tare da la'akari da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam (Mataki na 4 na Yarjejeniyar, SCBD 2000).
Jam'iyyun da wadanda ba jam'iyyun ba
Ƙungiyar da ke kula da Yarjejeniyar ana kiranta Taron Jam'iyyun da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ke aiki a matsayin taron Jam'iyyu da ke cikin yarjejeniyar (kuma COP-MOP). Babban aikin wannan kungiya shine sake duba aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar da kuma yanke shawara da suka dace don inganta ingantaccen aikinta. Shawarwari a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar ne kawai ɓangarorin da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar za su iya ɗauka. Jam'iyyun da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ba Jam'iyyu ba za su iya shiga cikin yarjejeniyar ne kawai a matsayin masu sa ido a cikin ayyukan tarurrukan COP-MOP.
Yarjejeniyar tana magance wajibai na bangarorin dangane da motsi na LMOs zuwa da kuma daga wadanda ba bangarorin ba zuwa Yarjejeniyar. Dole ne a gudanar da motsi tsakanin bangarorin da wadanda ba bangarorin ba a hanyar da ta dace da manufar Yarjejeniyar. Ana buƙatar jam'iyyun don ƙarfafa wadanda ba jam'iyyu ba su bi Yarjejeniyar da kuma ba da gudummawa ga Bayar da Bayani ga Gidan Tsaro na Biosafety.￼
Dangantaka da WTO
Yarjejeniyoyi da yawa a ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya (WTO), kamar Yarjejeniyar kan Aikace-aikacen Sanitary da Phytosanitary Matches (SPS Yarjejeniyar) da Yarjejeniyar Kan Harkokin Fasaha ga Ciniki (Tattalin Arziki na TBT), da Yarjejeniya kan Al'amuran Ciniki na Hakkin Kwarewa (TRIPs), sun ƙunshi tanadi da suka dace da Yarjejeniyarsa. Wannan Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana a cikin gabatarwa cewa jam'iyyun:
Bayani game da siffofi
Yarjejeniyar tana inganta tsaron halittu ta hanyar kafa dokoki da hanyoyin don canja wurin lafiya, sarrafawa, da amfani da LMOs, tare da takamaiman mayar da hankali kan motsi na LMOs. Yana da saiti na hanyoyin ciki har da ɗaya don LMOs waɗanda za a gabatar da su da gangan a cikin mahalli da ake kira tsarin yarjejeniyar da aka sanar da shi, da ɗaya donLMOs waɗanda aka nufa a yi amfani da su kai tsaye azaman abinci ko abinci ko don sarrafawa. Dole ne bangarorin da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar su tabbatar da cewa ana sarrafa LMOs, an shirya su kuma ana jigilar su a ƙarƙashin yanayin aminci. Bugu da ƙari, jigilar LMOs da ke ƙarƙashin motsi na ƙetare dole ne ya kasance tare da takardun da suka dace waɗanda ke ƙayyade, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, asalin LMOs kuma wurin tuntuɓar don ƙarin bayani. Wadannan hanyoyin da buƙatu an tsara su ne don samar da ɓangarorin shigo da su tare da bayanan da ake buƙata don yin yanke shawara mai kyau game da ko a yarda da shigo da LMO da kuma sarrafa su cikin aminci.￼
Dole ne jam'iyyun su dauki matakai don sarrafa duk wani haɗari da aka gano ta hanyar kimanta haɗari, kuma dole ne su ɗauki matakai masu mahimmanci idan aka saki LMOs ba da gangan ba.
Don sauƙaƙe aiwatarwa, Yarjejeniyar ta kafa Gidan Bayar da Tsaro na Biosafety don Kasashe don musayar bayanai, kuma ya ƙunshi wasu muhimman tanadi, gami da haɓaka iyawa, tsarin kuɗi, hanyoyin bin doka, da buƙatu don wayar da kan jama'a da shiga.
Yarjejeniyar Bayani ta Gabatarwa
Hanyar "An sanar da Yarjejeniyar Ci gaba" (AIA) ta shafi cigaba na farko na LMOs don gabatar da gangan a cikin yanayin Jam'iyyar shigo da kaya. Ya haɗa da abubuwa huɗu: sanarwa daga Jam'iyyar fitarwa ko mai fitarwa, amincewa da karɓar sanarwa daga jam'iyyar shigowa, hanyar yanke shawara, da kuma damar sake duba yanke shawara. Manufar wannan hanya ita ce tabbatar da cewa ƙasashe masu shigowa suna da damar da kuma damar tantance haɗarin da za a iya danganta da LMO kafin su amince da shigo da ita. Jam'iyyar shigo da kayayyaki dole ne ta nuna dalilan da suka sa aka yanke shawara (sai dai idan yardar ba ta da iyaka). Jam'iyyar shigowa na iya, a kowane lokaci, dangane da sabon bayanan kimiyya, sake dubawa da canza yanke shawara. Jam'iyyar fitarwa ko mai sanarwar na iya neman Jam'iyyar shigowa don sake duba shawarwarinta.￼
Koyaya, tsarin AIA na Yarjejeniyar ba ya aiki ga wasu nau'ikan LMOs:
Duk da yake tsarin AIA na Yarjejeniyar ba ya aiki ga wasu nau'ikan LMOs, Jam'iyyun suna da damar tsara shigo da kayayyaki bisa ga dokokin cikin gida. Har ila yau, akwai izini a cikin Yarjejeniyar don bayyana wasu LMOs da aka keɓe daga aikace-aikacen hanyar AIA.
LMOs da aka yi niyya don abinci ko abinci, ko don sarrafawa
LMOs da aka nufa don amfani kai tsaye a matsayin abinci ko abinci, ko aiki (LMOs-FFP) suna wakiltar babban rukuni na kayan aikin gona. Yarjejeniyar, maimakon amfani da hanyar AIA, ta kafa hanyar da ta fi sauƙi don motsi na LMOs-FFP. A karkashin wannan tsari, Jam'iyya dole ne ta sanar da wasu Jam'iyyun ta hanyar Biosafety Clearing-House, a cikin kwanaki 15, game da shawarar da ta yanke game da amfani da LMOs na cikin gida wanda zai iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin motsi na ƙetare.
Gudanarwa, sufuri, marufi da ganewa
Yarjejeniyar ta samar da buƙatun da ake buƙata waɗanda ake ɗauka don ba da gudummawa ga motsi mai aminci na LMOs. Ana buƙatar jam'iyyun su dauki matakai don sarrafawa mai aminci, marufi da sufuri na LMOs waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin motsi na ƙetare. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙayyade buƙatu game da ganewa ta hanyar tsara abin da dole ne a bayar da bayanai a cikin takardun da ya kamata su kasance tare da jigilar LMOs. Har ila yau, yana barin wuri don yiwuwar ci gaba na gaba na ka'idoji don sarrafawa, marufi, sufuri da kuma gano LMOs ta hanyar taron bangarorin zuwa Yarjejeniyar.￼
Kowace jam'iyya ana buƙatar ɗaukar matakai don tabbatar da cewa LMOs da ke ƙarƙashin motsi na ƙetare da gangan suna tare da takardun da ke gano LMOs kuma suna ba da cikakkun bayanai game da mutanen da ke da alhakin irin wannan motsi. Bayanan waɗannan buƙatu sun bambanta bisa ga amfani da aka nufa na LMOs, kuma, game da LMOs don abinci, abinci ko don sarrafawa, ya kamata a kara magance su ta hanyar hukumar da ke kula da Yarjejeniyar. (Mataki na 18 na Yarjejeniyar, SCBD 2000).￼
Taron farko na Jam'iyyun sun karɓi yanke shawara da ke tsara buƙatun tantancewa don nau'o'i daban-daban na LMOs (Sakamako BS-I/6, SCBD 2004). Koyaya, taron na biyu na Jam'iyyun ya kasa cimma yarjejeniya game da cikakkun buƙatu don gano LMOs da aka nufa don amfani kai tsaye a matsayin abinci, abinci ko don sarrafawa kuma zai buƙaci sake la'akari da wannan batun a taron na uku a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006.
Gidan Tsaro na Biosafety
Yarjejeniyar ta kafa Gidan Tsaro na Biosafety (BCH), don sauƙaƙe musayar bayanan kimiyya, fasaha, muhalli da shari'a akan, da gogewa tare da, kwayoyin da aka gyara; da kuma taimakawa bangarorin don aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar (Mataki na 20 na Yarjejeniyar, SCBD 2000). An kafa shi a cikin tsari, kuma taron farko na bangarorin ya amince da sauyawa daga matakin matukin jirgi zuwa matakin aiki cikakke, kuma ya karɓi hanyoyin don ayyukansa (Sakamako BS-I / 3, SCBD 2004).￼
Thabane Sutu
Thabane Sutu kocin kwallon kafa ne na Mosotho kuma tsohon dan wasa. Sutu ya fara wasan kwallon kafa ne a kasarsa ta Lesotho daga baya kuma ya buga wasa a kungiyar Al Ahly ta Masar. A lokacin da yake tare da Al Ahly, Sutu ya kuma zama kyaftin din tawagar kasar daga shekara 1994 zuwa 1997. A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kocin ƙwallon ƙafa a makarantar sakandare ta Louisville Trinity, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin kocin mai tsaron gida a ƙarƙashin kocin James O'Connor a MLS ta Orlando City da ta USL ta Louisville City.
Dan wasa
Arsenal
Al Ahly
Goalkeeping coach
Louisville City
Tutsi
Tutsi ( /t ʊ t s i / yadda ake furuci: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si] ), ko Abatutsi, ƙabila ce ta yankin Manyan Tabkuna na Afirka. Tutsi ƴan kabilar Bantu ne -da yake magana na asalin Nilotic mai yiwuwa  kuma na biyu mafi girman ƙabilu a Rwanda da Burundi (sauran biyun sune manyan ƙabilar Bantu Hutu da Pygmy na Twa ). Hema, ƙaramar ƙabilar makiyaya ta Nilotic, suma suna zaune kusa da Tutsi a Ruwanda kuma suna wucewa zuwa yankin Arewa da arewa maso gabashin Rwanda. A tarihi, 'yan Tutsi makiyaya ne kuma sun cika rukunin mayaƙa. Kafin shekara ta 1962 sun tsara da kuma sarrafa zamantakewar Rwandan, wanda ya ƙunshi masarautan Tutsi da talakawan Hutu, ta hanyar tsarin abokan hulɗa. Sun mallaki manyan muƙamai a cikin rarrabuwar al'umma kuma suka zama masu faɗa aji.
Asali da Rarrabuwa
Ma'anar mutanen "Hutu" da "Tutsi" na iya canzawa ta lokaci da wuri. Tsarin zamantakewar jama'a bai kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali ba a duk faɗin Ruwanda, har ma a lokacin mulkin mallaka a ƙarƙashin mulkin Beljam. Masarautar Tutsi ko fitattu ta bambanta da talakawan Tutsi, kuma galibi ba a rarrabewa da Hutu masu arziƙi daga Tutsi masu aji ba.
Lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Beljiyam suka gudanar da Ƙididdigar jama'a, suna son gano mutanen a duk fadin Rwanda-Burundi bisa tsarin tsari mai sauki. Sun fassara "Tutsi" a matsayin duk wanda ke da shanu sama da goma (alamar arziki) ko tare da sifar jiki ta dogon hanci, ko doguwar wuya, wanda galibi ke alaƙar da Tutsi.
Tutsi yawanci ana cewa sun isa yankin Manyan Tabkuna daga yankin Ƙahon Afirka.
Yawancin manazarta da ma mazauna Yankin Manyan Tabkuna suna adawa da Tutsi - a matsayin "Kurayi" - ga mutanen Bantu kamar Hutu da kabilu da yawa a Gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Uganda. Koyaya, Bantu rarrabuwa ce ta harshe (duba lafazin Bantu da kuma kalmar akan "mutanen Bantu - na biyun yana cewa: Mutanen Bantu sune masu jin yarukan Bantu"). Kamar yadda Tutsi suke magana da yaren Bantu iri ɗaya da Hutu, su mutane ne na Bantu (masu magana).
Y-DNA (layin uba)
Nazarin ƙwayar halittar zamani na Y-chromosome gabaɗaya yana nuna cewa Tutsi, kamar Hutu ne, galibi ana cire Bantu (60% E1b1a, 20% B, 4% E-P2 (xE1b1a)). Tasirin ƙwayar halittar mahaifin da ke hade da Kahon Afirka da Arewacin Afirka ba su da yawa (a ƙasa da 3% E1b1b-M35 ), kuma ana ba da su ga yawancin mazaunan da suka gabata. Koyaya, 'yan Tutsi suna da zurfin zurfin haplogroup B ta hanyar uba (14.9% B) fiye da Hutu (4.3% B).
Trombetta et al. (2015) ya sami 22.2% na E1b1b a cikin ƙaramin samfurin Tutsis daga Burundi, amma babu masu ɗaukar haplogroup tsakanin jama'ar Hutu da Twa na cikin gida. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙarami ta kasance daga ƙaurace mai shekaru 4,000 M293 iri-iri, wanda ke nuni da cewa magabatan Tutsi a wannan yankin na iya haɗe da wasu makiyaya Kush na Kudancin - masu fashin baƙi. Alamar iyayenta E-V1515 ana tsammanin ta samo asali ne daga arewacin yankin Afirka na kusan shekaru 12,000 zuwa 14,000 da suka gabata.
Brian Lara
Brian Charles Lara, TC, OCC (an haife shi 2 Mayu 1969) ɗan Trinidadian tsohon ɗan wasan cricketer ne na ƙasa da ƙasa, an yarda da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan bas na kowane lokaci. Ya ci matsayin Gwajin batting a lokuta da yawa kuma yana riƙe rikodin wasan kurket da yawa, gami da rikodin mafi girman maki a wasan kurket na aji na farko, tare da 501 ba don Warwickshire da Durham a Edgbaston a 1994, wanda shine kawai quintuple. -dari a tarihin wasan kurket masu daraja ta farko. A matsayin kyaftin, Lara ya jagoranci tawagar West Indies don lashe kofin gasar zakarun Turai na 2004, karo na farko da kungiyar ta lashe duk wani babban kofi na ICC tun bayan lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket na 1979. Lara kuma tana riƙe da rikodin mafi girman maki na mutum a cikin gwajin gwaji bayan ya zira kwallaye 400 ba a Antigua ba yayin gwajin 4th da Ingila a 2004. Shi ne kawai dan wasa a tarihin wasan kurket na duniya wanda ya zira kwallaye 400+ a cikin innings. Har ila yau Lara ya rike kambun na cin kwallaye mafi yawa a tsere a daya bayan daya a wasan gwaji na tsawon shekaru 18 a lokacin da ya zura kwallaye 28 a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da Robin Peterson na Afirka ta Kudu ya yi a 2003 ( Jasprit Bumrah ya doke shi a 2022).
Lara ta lashe wasan 153 ba tare da Australia ba a Bridgetown, Barbados a 1999 Wisden ya ba shi matsayi na biyu mafi kyawun wasan batting a tarihin wasan kurket na Gwaji, kusa da gudu 270 da Sir Donald Bradman ya zira a cikin Ashes. Gwajin gwajin 1937. Muttiah Muralitharan ya jinjinawa Lara a matsayin abokin hamayyarsa mafi tsauri a cikin dukkan 'yan wasan jemagu a duniya. An ba Lara lambar yabo ta Wisden Leading Cricketer a cikin kyaututtukan duniya a cikin 1994 da 1995 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kurket guda uku kawai da suka karɓi Gwarzon Wasannin Wasannin Waje na BBC, sauran biyun kuma Sir Garfield Sobers da Shane Warne. An nada Brian Lara memba mai daraja na Order of Australia akan 27 Nuwamba 2009. A cikin Satumba 2012 an gabatar da shi zuwa Hall of Fame na ICC a matsayin mai gabatar da kakar 2012–13. A cikin 2013, Lara ta sami Memban Rayuwa ta Girmamawa na MCC ta zama Indiya ta Yamma ta 31 don samun karramawa. A.n yi wa Brian Lara lakabi da sunan "Yariman Port of Spain" ko kuma a sauƙaƙe "Yariman". Yana da banbancin wasa a cikin mafi girman adadin wasannin gwaji na biyu (63) wanda ƙungiyarsa ta kasance a gefen rashin nasara, a bayan Shivnarine Chanderpaul (68).
Tutsi
Tsayi
Matsakaicinsu tsayi ƙafa 5 inci 9 (175 cm), duk da cewa an fi samun masu mutane a matsayin masu tsayi fiye da ƙafa 7 (213 cm).
Tarihi
Kafin zuwan masu mulkin mallaka, Ruwanda ta kasance tana ƙarƙashin mulkin masarautar Tutsi bayan tsakiyar 1600. Farawa a kusan 1880, mishan mishan na Katolika sun isa yankin Manyan Tabkuna. Daga baya, a lokacin da rundunar Jamus sun shagaltar da yankin a lokacin yaƙin duniya, da rikici da kuma} ƙarin ga Katolika hira zama mafi pronounced. Yayin da 'yan Tutsi ke adawa da tuba, mishaneri sun sami nasara ne kawai tsakanin Hutu. A cikin ƙoƙarinta na ba da lada ga tubar, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kwace ƙasar Tutsi bisa al'ada kuma ta sake tura ta ga ƙabilun Hutu.
A cikin Burundi, yayin haka, mamayar Tutsi ta ma fi tsayi. Wata ƙungiya mai mulki, Ganwa, ba da daɗewa ba ta fito daga cikin 'yan Tutsi kuma suka karɓi ikon gudanar da mulkin ƙasar yadda ya kamata.
Jamus ta mallaki yankin a matsayin mallaka (kafin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ) da Belgium. Dukansu 'yan Tutsi da Hutu sun kasance masu fada a ji na gargajiya, amma duka ikon mulkin mallaka ya ba wa' yan Tutsi ilimi kawai kuma su shiga cikin mulkin mallaka. Irin waɗannan manufofin nuna wariyar sun haifar da jin haushi.
Lokacin da 'yan Beljiyam suka karɓi ragamar mulki, sun yi imanin cewa za a iya gudanar da mulki mafi kyau idan sun ci gaba da gano yawan alƙaluma. A cikin shekarun 1920, sun buƙaci mutane su kasance tare da wata kabila kuma sun rarraba su daidai lokacin ƙidayar jama'a.
A cikin 1959, Belgium ta sauya matsayinta kuma ta ba Hutu mafi rinjaye damar karɓar ikon gwamnati ta hanyar zaɓen gama gari bayan samun 'yanci. Wannan ya nuna wani bangare na siyasar cikin gida ta Beljiyam, inda nuna wariyar launin fata ga mafi rinjayen Hutu ya zama ana kama da zalunci a cikin Belgium wanda ya samo asali daga rikicin Flemish-Walloon, kuma ana ganin dimokuraɗiyya da karfafa Hutu a matsayin martani na adalci ga Mamayar Tutsi. Manufofin Beljiyom sun yi kaɗa-kaɗe sosai a cikin wannan lokacin har zuwa samun 'yancin kan Burundi da Rwanda.
Ƴancin Ruwanda da Burundi (1962)
Hutu mafi rinjaye a Ruwanda sun yi tawaye ga Tutsi kuma sun sami damar karɓar mulki. Tutsi sun tsere kuma sun ƙirƙiro al'ummomin ƙaura a wajen Ruwanda a cikin Uganda da Tanzania. Tun bayan samun ‘yancin kan ƙasar ta Burundi, wasu‘ yan Tutsi masu tsatsauran ra’ayi suka hau karagar mulki suka danne ‘yan Hutu, musamman wadanda suka yi karatu. Abubuwan da suka yi ya haifar da mutuwar kusan Hutus 200,000. Gwamnatocin Rwanda da Burundi daban-daban sun ci gaba da nuna bambanci daga lokacin mulkin mallaka, gami da katin shaida wanda ya bambanta Tutsi da Hutu.
Rikicin Burundi (1993)
A shekarar 1993, jami'an Tutsi sun kashe zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasar Burundi na farko, Melchior Ndadaye, ɗan Hutu, kamar yadda shi ma mutumin da ya cancanci ya gaje shi a karkashin tsarin mulki. Wannan ya haifar da kisan kare dangi a Burundi tsakanin tsarin siyasar Hutu da sojojin Tutsi, inda a ciki "mai yuwuwa kusan Tutsi 25,000" tsohon ya kashe kuma na baya "akalla aƙalla masu yawa". Tun daga Tsarin Arusha na 2000 na Arusha, a yau a Burundi 'yan Tutsi marasa rinjaye sun ba da iko ta hanyar daidaitawa tare da mafi rinjayen Hutu. A al'adance, 'yan Tutsi sun fi ƙarfin ikon tattalin arziki da ikon soja.
Kisan Gillar Tutsi (1994)
Irin wannan yanayin ya faru a Ruwanda, amma a can ne Hutu suka hau mulki a 1962. Su kuma galibi suna zaluntar Tutsi, waɗanda suka gudu daga ƙasar. Bayan tashin hankali na adawa da Tutsi a kusa da 1959-1961, Tutsis sun gudu da yawa.
Wadannan al'ummomin Tutsi da ke gudun hijira sun haifar da yunkurin 'yan tawayen Tutsi. Ruwanda Ruwanda Patriotic Front, akasarinsu 'yan Tutsi ne da ke gudun hijira musamman mazaunan Uganda, sun kai hari kan Ruwanda a 1990 da nufin' yantar da Ruwanda. RPF tana da gogewa game da yaƙe-yaƙe ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga Yaƙin Bush na Yuganda, kuma ta sami goyon baya sosai daga gwamnatin Uganda. Gabatarwar RPF ta farko ta dakatar da ɗaga makaman Faransa zuwa ga gwamnatin Rwanda. Attoƙarin neman zaman lafiya ya ƙare a Yarjejeniyar Arusha.
Yarjejeniyar ta wargaje bayan kisan Shugabannin Ruwanda da na Burundi, wanda ya haifar da sake ɓarkewar rikici da fara kisan kare dangi kan Tutsi na 1994, inda Hutu a lokacin ke kan mulki suka kashe kimanin mutane 500,000-600,000, akasarinsu ‘yan Tutsi. .   Rikici a bayan kisan kare dangin, RPF da Tutsi ke mulki ya hau karagar mulki a watan Yulin 1994.
Harshe
'Yan Tutsi suna magana da rukunin harsunan Ruwanda-Rundi a matsayin yarensu na asali. Ruwanda-Rundi ta kasu kashi biyu cikin yarukan Kinyarwanda da Kirundi, wadanda aka daidaita su a matsayin harsunan hukuma na Burundi da Rwanda.
Al'adu
A cikin yankin Ruwanda, daga ƙarni na 15 zuwa 1961, sarki ne yake mulkin Tutsi ( mwami ). Ƙasar Beljiyom ta soke tsarin sarauta, biyo bayan zaben raba gardama na ƙasa wanda ya kai ga samun ‘yanci. Sabanin haka, a yankin arewa maso yammacin ƙasar (galibi 'yan Hutu), manyan masu mallakar ƙasa na yanki sun raba mulki, kwatankwacin al'ummar Buganda (a cikin ƙasar Uganda ta yanzu).
A ƙarƙashin sarkinsu mai tsarki, al'adun Tutsi a al'adance sun ta'allaka ne da aiwatar da adalci da mulki. Su kaɗai ne ke mallakar shanu, kuma suka wadatar da kansu daga kayayyakin su. Ari da haka, salon rayuwarsu ya ba su lokacin hutu da yawa, wanda suka ciyar da haɓaka fasahar zane-zane na waƙa, saƙa da kiɗa. Dangane da matsayin Tutsi a matsayin mafi rinjaye tsiraru a yayin ganawa da manoman Hutu da sauran mazauna yankin, an kwatanta wannan dangantakar da tsakanin iyayengiji da masu fada a ji a Turai. A cewar Fage (2013), 'yan Tutsi suna da alaƙa ta hanyar ilimin bantu da yawan mutanen Bantu da Nilotic. Wannan bi da bi yana fitar da yiwuwar asalin Kushitik don kafa ajin masu mulkin Tutsi-Hima a cikin masarautun lacustrine. Koyaya, al'adun binne masarauta na masarautun na ƙarshe sun yi kama da waɗanda tsoffin jihohin Cushitic Sidama suke yi a kudancin yankin Gibe na Habasha. Akasin haka, yawan mutanen Bantu da ke arewacin Tutsi-Hima a yankin tsaunin Kenya kamar su Agikuyu sun kasance har zuwa zamanin da muke ciki ba tare da sarki ba (maimakon haka suna da tsarin da ba shi da tsari na zamani wanda suka karba daga mutanen cushitic) yayin da akwai adadi na masarautun Bantu da ke kudu da Tutsi-Hima a Tanzaniya, duk waɗannan sun yi tarayya irin tsarin sarautar Tutsi-Hima. Tunda masarautun Cushitic Sidama suna hulɗa da ƙungiyoyin Nilotic, Fage don haka yake ba da shawara cewa ƴan ƙabilar Tutsi na iya zama daga ɗayan mutanen Nilotic masu ƙaura. Ta haka ne kakannin Tutsi 'Nilotic za su kasance a matsayin su na masu shiga tsakani na al'adu, suna yin amfani da wasu al'adun masarauta daga masarautun Cush na kusa da su sannan kuma suna ɗaukar waɗancan al'adun da aka aro daga kudu tare da su lokacin da suka fara zama tsakanin Bantu autochthones a yankin Great Lakes.
Koyaya, ana iya tabbatar da ɗan bambanci tsakanin al'adun yau na Tutsi da Hutu; duka ƙungiyoyi biyu suna magana da yaren Bantu daya. Yawan auratayya tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu ya kasance a al'adance yana da matukar girma, kuma dangantakar sun kasance mai kyau har zuwa karni na 20. Masana da yawa sun yanke shawarar cewa ƙaddarar Tutsi ya kasance kuma galibi shine nuna aji ko bangaranci, maimakon ƙabila.
Kamar yadda aka faɗa a sama, binciken DNA ya nuna ƙarara cewa mutane suna da kusanci da juna fiye da ƙungiyoyi masu nisa.
Tutsi a cikin Kwango
Akwai ainihin ƙungiyoyi biyu na Tutsi a cikin Kwango (DRC). Akwai Banyamulenge, wanda ke zaune a gefen kudu na Kivu ta Kudu. Zuri'a ne daga makiyayan Rwandan, Burundi da Tanzania. Na biyu kuma akwai 'yan Tutsi a cikin Masisi ta Arewa Kivu da Kalehe a Kudancin Kivu - kasancewar suna cikin jama'ar Banyarwanda (Hutu da Tutsi). Wadannan ba Banyamulenge bane. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan Banyarwanda zuriyar mutane ne waɗanda suka rayu tun kafin mulkin mallaka a Rutshuru da Masisi - a kan yankin Kongo a halin yanzu. Wasu kuma sun yi kaura ko kuma turawan Beljam sun “dasa” su daga Rutshuru ko daga Ruwanda kuma galibi sun zauna a Masisi a Arewacin Kivu da Kalehe a Kudancin Kivu.
Aikatau
Aikatau Akkatau kalma ce wadda take nuna wanzuwar aiki a cikin jimla.
Rabe-raben aikatau
1. Aikatau so karɓau 2. Aikatau ƙi karɓau
FI
FI ko fi na iya nufin to:
Hukumar yan sanda ta pakistan
Doka a Pakistan dokar na ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassa uku na tsarin shari'ar laifuka na Pakistan, tare da shari'a da kuma gidajen yari. Kasar dai na da tarin jami’an ‘yan sandan tarayya da na Jahohi da na kananan hukumomi masu aiki na gama-gari da na musamman, amma manyan jami’an jahohi da galibin na tarayya ‘yan sanda ne na Pakistan (PSP). PSP tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman sassan Sabis na Babban Ma'aikata, babbar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Pakistan. Ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta gwamnatin Pakistan ce ke kula da hukumomin tilasta bin doka ta tarayya gaba daya, yayin da jami'an 'yan sandan lardin jihar ke kula da wani sashen gwamnatin jihar.
Hukumomin 'yan sandan tarayya
Wasu daga cikin hukumomin da ke ƙasa wani bangare ne na dakarun sa-kai na Pakistan, yayin da wasu kuma ƙungiyoyin tilasta bin doka ne na ma'aikatun gwamnati na musamman. Ba a haɗa da Rundunar Sojojin Pakistan ta Rundunar 'Yan sandan Soja ba, wacce ke da hurumin jami'an soji kawai.
'Yan sandan babban birnin kasar ita ce 'yan sanda na yau da kullun na babban birnin Islamabad. Saboda matsayin birnin, rundunar 'yan sanda na karkashin ikon gwamnatin Pakistan. Ya hada da 'yan sandan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na Islamabad.
'Yan sandan lardi da na yanki
Jahohi guda hudu na Pakistan ( Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh da Balochistan ) kowannensu yana da 'yan sanda na kansa, wanda aka tsara don dacewa da kalubale na wannan yanki, tare da nasu na musamman da manyan sassan. Kowace rundunar ‘yan sanda tana da Kwamishinan ‘yan sanda da aka nada a matsayin Sufeto-Janar wanda babban jami’i ne daga hukumar ‘yan sandan Pakistan. Wasu jami’an ‘yan sandan jiha na samun tallafi daga jami’an tsaro na tarayya da ke aiki a yankin. Dukkanin jami'an 'yan sandan jihar suna dauke da Sashen Yaki da Ta'addanci.
Tufafin gargajiya na jami'an 'yan sandan jihohin Pakistan bakar riga ce mai dauke da wando. A cikin shekarar 2017, 'yan sanda a Punjab sun sauya sheka zuwa kakin zaitun, amma sun koma kakin gargajiya a shekarar 2019. A cikin shekarar 2020, jihohin duk sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da rigar da ake sawa a Islamabad - shuɗi mai haske ko farar riga mai launin shuɗi mai duhu.
Asunción
'Asunción (furucci da Spanish: asunˈsjon) ita ce babbar birnin kasar Faragwai, kuma birni mafi yawan al'umma a kasar. Birnin na nan ne a bangaren hagu na rafin Faragwai, a kusa da mahadar rafin Faragwai da rafin Pilcomayo, a nahiyar Amurka ta Kudu. Rafin Faragwai da bay din Asunción dake arewa maso yamma ita ta raba birnin da Occidental Region of Paraguay da kuma kasar Argentina a bangaren kudun birnin. Sauran bangaren birnin Central Department ne ya kewaye shi.
Chris Akins
Christopher Drew Akins (an haife shi ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba, 1976). tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa don Dallas Cowboys, Green Bay Packers, Cleveland Browns, New England Patriots da Miami Dolphins. Ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Arkansas a Pine Bluff.
Shekarun farko
Akins ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Hall, inda ya yi wasiƙa a ƙwallon ƙafa da Waƙar Waƙa da Waƙar Wasan Filo. A matsayinsa na babba, ya karɓi ɗan wasan Arkansas na shekara, Babban Taron, Duk-jihar, da karramawar Ba -Amurke, bayan yin rikodin jimlar 117 (solo 85), 17 ya wuce kariya da 4 interceptions.
A cikin Waƙar Waƙar Waƙar Waƙar Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasan Wasa, Ya kasance zaɓi na Duk-Shugaban lokaci guda biyu kuma ya kafa bayanan makaranta a cikin mita 100 (10.33 seconds) da mita 200. Hakanan yana da ƴan ƴan uwan Lorenzo Akins Terri Akins, da wasu jikoki kamar Kylan. Akins da Lorenzo Akins da Jalyn Akins.
Aikin koleji
A matsayinsa na ƙarami, saboda dokar canja wuri na lokaci ɗaya, an ba shi damar buga wasa nan da nan, inda ya buga 52 tackles, 11 passes tsaro da 6 interceptions. A matsayinsa na babba, ya buga abubuwan 66 (4 don asara), wucewar 12 da aka kare, 3 murmurewa da tsangwama 5, gami da 2 sun dawo don taɓawa. Ya sami dawowar tsakar yadi 100 don taɓawa a cikin kwata na huɗu na nasarar 27-18 da Jami'ar Jihar Alcorn. Ya karɓi Babban Taron Wasan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Kudu-maso-Yamma, ƙungiyar rukuni na biyu I-AA Duk-Baƙin Amurkawa da Baƙar fata Duk Ba-Amurkan girmamawa.
Ya gama aikinsa na kwaleji tare da 156 tackles (83 solo), 25 ya wuce kariya, 12 interceptions da 6 fumble murmurewa. A cikin shekaru biyun da ya yi a Arkansas-Pine-Bluff, ya yi takalmi 118, wucewa 23 da aka kare, 11 interceptions, 5 fumble warkewa da 9 tackles don asara.
Green Bay Packers
Green Bay Packers sun zaɓi Akins a zagaye na bakwai (212th gabaɗaya) na 1999 NFL Draft. An yanke shi ne a karshen atisayen da ya ke yi kuma ya sanya hannu a cikin tawagar kwararrun ‘ yan wasan a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba.
Dallas Cowboys
A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1999, Dallas Cowboys daga ƙungiyar motsa jiki ta Green Bay Packers suka sanya hannu. Duk da cewa ya buga wasanni tara kawai, amma ya kammala da 15 na musamman tackles (na biyu a kungiyar).
A cikin 2000, an ba shi zuwa Rhein Wuta na NFL Turai, inda ya taimaka wa tawagarsa ta lashe World Bowl VIII, yayin da yake yin rajistar 47 tackles (na biyar a kan tawagar), tsaka-tsakin guda ɗaya, 7 ƙungiyoyi na musamman (na biyu a kan tawagar) da kuma katange burin filin. Ya yi jerin gwano na yau da kullun na Cowboys amma an sake shi a ranar 31 ga Oktoba.
Green Bay Packers
The Green Bay Packers sun yi iƙirarin kashe shi a kan Nuwamba 1, 2000. A lokacin kakar 2001, Akins ya fusata kocin Mike Sherman tare da rashin tunani a filin wasa da halinsa daga ciki. An yanke shi ne a ranar 6 ga Disamba, a lokacin da aka yi masa kunnen doki a matsayi na uku a cikin kungiyar a cikin fafatawa na musamman (7).
Cleveland Browns
A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2001, Cleveland Browns ya yi iƙirarin soke shi. A shekara ta gaba, ya zama na biyu a cikin ƙungiyar tare da ƙungiyoyi na musamman na 25 yayin wasa a wasanni 15.
New England Patriots
Akins ya sanya hannu tare da New England Patriots a matsayin wakili na kyauta a kan Maris 12, 2003. Ya ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasa na musamman, yana ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a Super Bowl XXXVIII.
Miami Dolphins
A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2004, ya sanya hannu tare da Miami Dolphins a matsayin wakili na kyauta mara iyaka. Ya shafe kakar wasa a kan ajiyar raunin da tawagar ta samu bayan yaga tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki da na baya a cikin gwiwarsa na dama, a lokacin motsa jiki a kan Houston Texans. An sake shi a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2005.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Akins na biyu dan uwan tsohon dan wasan NFL Jackie Harris ne.
Yalo
Yalo (Garden egg) Wani tsiro ne daga cikin tsirrai da ake shukawa. Yalo yana daga cikin ire-iren kayan marmari ne da ake ci.
Chicago
Chicago birni ne, da ke a jihar Illinois, a ƙasar Tarayyar Amurka. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2016, akwai jimilar mutane 2,704,958 (miliyan biyu da dubu dari bakwai da huɗu da dari tara da hamsin da takwas). An gina birnin Chicago a shekara ta 1780.
Joy Emodi
Joy Emodi (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da biyar 1955). An zaɓe ta a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar mazaɓar Anambra ta Arewa ta Jihar Anambara, Nijeriya, inda ta fara aiki a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta, 2005 bayan an soke zaben. An sake zabenta a shekarar, 2007, amma zabinta na biyu ya samu daukaka ne daga Alphonsus Obi Igbeke, dan takarar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). Bayan an dage sauraron karar, an bayyana Igbeke a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara a ranar 25 ga watan Maris shekara ta, 2010. tayi matukar farin ciki da sake samun nasararta￼
Haihuwa da ilimi
An haifi Emodi a ranar 23 ga watan Mayu shekara ta, 1955 a Onitsha, Jihar Anambra kuma dan asalin Ibo ne. Ta halarci Sarauniyar Rosary College, Onitsha sannan ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Nijeriya, Nsukka inda ta sami B.Sc. a cikin ilimin ƙasa na shekarar, 1979 sannan kuma LLB. Doka 1985. Bayan ta ci gaba da samun horo a fannin koyon aikin lauya a makarantar koyon aikin lauya ta Najeriya, a Legas ta zama kwararriyar lauya a shekara,r 1987.
Farkon aiki
Emodi ya kasance Jami’in Ilimi a Hukumar Kula da Makarantun Jihar Anambara daga shekarar, 1983zuwa1986 sannan Babban Sakatare, Hukumar Raya Jihar Anambra daga shekarar, 1994 zuwa 1995 ta wakilci Najeriya a taron Afirka na uku na Amurka a Senegal da kuma taron mata na duniya a Beijing China. An zabe ta a taron A shekarar, 1994 zuwa 1995 na Tsarin Mulki. An zabe ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Kasa na shekarar, 1994 da Mai Ba da Shawara Kan Harkokin Kasa a shekarar, 1996 ga jam'iyyar  a lokacin gwamnatin Janar Sani Abacha. A shekarar, 1999, ta kasance ‘yar takarar gwamnan jihar Anambra a karkashin jam’iyyar All People Party (APP).
Ayyukan majalisar dattijai
Emodi ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a zaben 12 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta, 2003 na yankin sanata ta Arewa ta Arewa, kuma aka ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilun shekarar, 2003. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa (INEC) ta sauya wannan shawarar, ta kuma bayyana Emmanuel Anosike a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara. Tun da farko INEC ta mayar da Anosike a matsayin wanda ya lashe mazabar Anambra ta Gabas da Yammacin Majalisar Wakilai. Bayan daukaka kara, a ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta, 2004, Kotun daukaka kara ta bayyana cewa Emodi an zaba ta yadda ya kamata, kuma bayan kara daukaka kara sai ta hau kujerar ta a Majalisar Dattawa a watan Fabrairun shekara ta, 2005. An nada ta Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa kan Ilimi, kuma mamba a kwamitocin kan Ayyuka na Majalisar Dattawa, Sadarwa, Babban Birnin Tarayya, Gidaje, Bayar da Gidaje, Wasanni da Harkokin Mata & Ci gaban Matasa.
Bayan sake zabensa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta, 2007, Emodi ya sake zama Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa kan Ilimi, sannan aka nada shi memba na Kwamitocin kan Ma'adanai masu Kauri, Kafa da Bautar Jama'a, da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Down Stream Sector). A cikin kimantawar tsakiyar zango na Sanatoci a cikin watan Mayu shekara ta, 2009, Jaridar This Day ta lura cewa ta dauki nauyin Hukumar Kula da Da'a ta Kasa (NIEPA), kuma ta dauki nauyin daukar nauyin tare da daukar nauyin wasu sha uku. Ta kasance shugaban kwamitin ilimi. An soke zaben nata na biyu kuma Igbeke ya bayyana wanda ya yi nasara a ranar 25 ga watan Maris shekara ta, 2010. Majalisar Dattawa ta jinkirta, amma an ba da umarnin ya rantsar da Igbeke a watan watan Mayun shekara ta, 2010.
Pearl Thusi
Sithembile Xola Pearl Bayi (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Mayun shekara ta 1988) yar wasan Afirka ta Kudu ce, abin ƙira, kuma mai gabatarwa. An kuma san ta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Patricia Kopong a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na BBC / HBO, Hukumar Binciken Mata ta 1, Dayana Mampasi a cikin ABC thriller Quantico da Samkelo a cikin fim ɗin soyayya mai kama Feelings. A cikin shekara ta 2020, ta yi tauraro a cikin rawar da ta taka a jerin jerin asali na farko na Netflix na Netflix Sarauniya Sono.
Joy Emodi
Ayyukan majalisar dattijai
Emodi ya tsaya takara ne a zaben watan Afrilun shekara ta, 2011 a karkashin inuwar jam’iyyar All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA), inda ya samu kuri’u, 54,060. John Okechukwu Emeka na PDP ya kayar da ita, wanda ya samu kuri’u, 60,788.
Pearl Thusi
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Da haka ya fito daga garin Durban na Kwandengezi da Hammarsdale. Tana da yaya mata biyu. Ta halarci makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Pinetown. Ta fara karatun ta a Jami'ar Witwatersrand, amma ta ja don ba da lokaci don aikinta. A cikin shekara ta 2020, ta koma Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu.
Sana'a
Saboda haka ne mai watsa shiri na Lip Sync Battle Africa akan MTV da e.tv, da kuma shirin magana Moments, akan EbonyLife TV. Ta yi tauraro a kan SABC 3 mashahurin wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu, Isidingo, kamar yadda Palesa Motaung, tare da haɗin gwiwar Live Amp tare da DJ Warras da Luthando Shosha, SABC 1 celebrity gossip magazine show, Real Goboza.
A cikin shekara ta 2009, Soi ta yi tauraro a matsayin Patricia Kopong a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na BBC / HBO , Hukumar Ganowa ta Ladies 1.
A cikin 2016, An jefa Soi a matsayin jerin yau da kullun a cikin rawar Dayana Mampasi a karo na biyu na jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na ABC Quantico , gabanin Priyanka Chopra. A cikin wannan shekarar, an jefa Soi a matsayin Samkelo a cikin fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Kama Feelings. An fitar da fim din a gidajen kallo ranar 9 ga Maris, 2018.
A cikin shekara ta 2017, Soi ta fito a matsayin Brenda Riviera a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo, Kalushi.
A cikin Fabrairu 2021, An jefa Soi azaman Adaku a cikin fim ɗin Netflix mai zuwa Wu Assassins: Fistful of Vengeance.
Dayo Olopade
Dayo Olopade marubuciya ce ƴar asalin Najeriya kuma har wayau mazauniyar Amurika ce. Ita marubuciya ce a jaridar The Bright Continent: Breaking Rules and Change Change in Modern Africa.
Rayuwa
An haife ta kuma ta girma a Chicago ga iyayen ilimi. Ta halarci Makarantun Laboratory na Jami'ar Chicago da Makarantar St. Paul kafin ta tafi kwalejin Yale. Ta sami digiri na digiri daga Yale School of Management da Yale Law School, inda ta kasance Knight Law da Masanin Kafofin watsa labarai a Yale Information Society Project, kuma Yale World Fellow.
A cikin shekara r
ta 2009, an kira ta a matsayin Bernard Schwartz Fellow a Gidauniyar New America. Ta rubuta rubuce-rubuce, sake dubawa da labarai don wallafe-wallafe kamar T he Atlantic, Ra'ayin Amurka, The Guardian, Manufofin Kasashen Waje,  New Republic, The New York Times,  da Washington Post.
A shekarar 2014, ta buga littafin ta The Bright Continent, wani littafi game da ci gaban Afirka da fasaha. Ta rubuta cewa "gazawar hukumomi na hanzarta aikin gwaji da magance matsaloli." Ta kasance mai sukar gwamnatoci a duk fadin Afirka, da tsohuwar shugabar Liberia Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf.
Ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga Andela, Safara, da IQ.
Iyali
Mahaifiyarta, Olufunmilayo Falusi Olopade, mai binciken ƙasa ce a Jami'ar Chicago kuma ta samu kyautar "Genius Grant" ta 2005 daga Gidauniyar John D. da Catherine T. MacArthur, inda ita ma take cikin kwamitin. A cikin 2016, ta auri Walter Lamberson.
Pape Abou Cissé
Pape Abou Cissé (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Satumb a shekara ta 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin tsakiyar baya ga kulob din Olympiacos na Super League na Girka da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal. Ya fara aikinsa a Senegal da AS Pikine sannan ya buga wasa akulob din Ajaccio na Ligue ( 2) na Faransa.
Aikin kulob/ƙungiya
Matasa na kasa da kasa na Senegal, shi samfurin matasa ne na AS Pikine. Bayan gwaji, Cissé ya shiga Ajaccio a farkon kakar shekara ta ( 2015) a matsayin ƙwararren mai horarwa. Ya buga wasansa na farko na gwani a gasar Ligue (2) da suka tashi da Valenciennes a watan Afrilun a shekara ta (2015) yana buga wasan gaba daya. Ya ci gaba da buga wasanni( 71) a matakin Faransa na biyu.
A cikin shekara ta (2017) ya shiga Olympiacos a matsayin riga-kafi na kwangila. A ranar (14) ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta ( 2017) ya zira kwallonsa ta farko tare da Olympiacos, Kostas Fortounis ya yi a wasan da suka yi waje da Panionios da ci (4-3).Rahotanni sun nuna cewa Benfica ta yi sha’awar siyan dan wasan a watan Janairu a shekara ta (2018).
Cissé ya ci wa Olympiacos ƙwallaye a lokacin rani da Panathiniakos a wasan fafatawa na farko na kakar shekarar ( 2018zuwa2019) Superleague Girka. An hada shi a gasar ta kungiyar UEFA na shekara ta ( 2018): Laban da aka bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya kula da wasan Olympiacos, da kuma wata barazana daga saiti. " A ranar (12) ga watan Fabrairu (2020)  Pape Abou Cisse ya zira kwallaye biyu cikin sauri don kawar da taurin kan kalubalen Lamia kuma ya tabbatar da cancantar Olympiacos na zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin Girka, a wasan da suka ci (3-2) mai ban sha'awa.  A ranar (27)  ga watan Fabrairu(2020)  ya zura kwallo a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, lokacin da dan wasan Faransa Mathieu Valbuena ya zura kwallo a ragar Arsenal a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da ci (2-1). Zagaye na( 32)  2nd kafa. An haɗa shi a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA Europa League na mako.
A ranar (30) ga watan  Janairu a shekara ta (2021) Olympiakos za ta ba da aro mai tsaron bayan Senegal Pape Cissé zuwa Saint-Étienne tare da zaɓi don siye. Tsohon dan wasan AS Pikine yana da damar komawa baya a kulob din Faransa mai tarihi wanda zai iya tsayar da shi akan Yuro miliyan (13).