cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy
Sashi
Yawancin karatu na asibiti sun nuna cewa lokacin da maganin chemotherapy ya keɓance mutum ɗaya don cimma mafi kyawun bayyanar cututtuka na tsarin, ana inganta sakamakon magani kuma an rage tasirin sakamako mai guba.Ya kasan ce kuma a cikin binciken asibiti na 5-FU da aka ambata a sama, mutanen da aka daidaita kashinsu don cimma burin da aka riga aka ƙaddara sun fahimci haɓakar 84% a cikin ƙimar amsawar jiyya da haɓakar watanni shida a cikin rayuwa gabaɗaya (OS) idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda BSA ta yi.
A cikin binciken guda ɗaya, masu binciken sun kwatanta abubuwan da suka faru na gama gari na 5-FU-abokan haɗin gwiwa na 3/4 tsakanin masu daidaita kashi da mutanen da aka ba su ta BSA. Abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar ma'auni na gudawa an rage su daga 18% a cikin rukunin BSA da aka yi amfani da su zuwa 4% a cikin rukunin da aka daidaita kashi kuma an kawar da mummunan sakamako na hematologic. Saboda rage yawan guba, marasa lafiya da aka daidaita kashi sun sami damar yin magani na tsawon lokaci. An yi wa mutanen da aka yi amfani da BSA magani na tsawon watanni 680 yayin da aka yi wa mutanen da ke cikin rukunin daidaita kashi na jimlar watanni 791. Kammala tsarin jiyya shine muhimmin abu don samun ingantacciyar sakamakon magani.
An samo irin wannan sakamakon a cikin binciken da ya shafi mutanen da ke da ciwon daji na launin fata waɗanda aka yi musu magani tare da sanannen tsarin FOLFOX. An rage yawan kamuwa da zawo mai tsanani daga 12% a cikin rukunin marasa lafiya na BSA zuwa kashi 1.7% a cikin rukunin da aka daidaita kashi, kuma an rage yawan mucositis mai tsanani daga 15% zuwa 0.8%.
Nazarin FOLFOX kuma ya nuna ci gaba a cikin sakamakon jiyya. Amsa mai kyau ya karu daga 46% a cikin rukunin da aka yi amfani da BSA zuwa 70% a cikin rukunin da aka daidaita kashi. Matsakaicin ci gaba na rayuwa kyauta (PFS) da rayuwa gabaɗaya (OS) duka sun inganta da watanni shida a cikin rukunin da aka daidaita kashi.
Hanya ɗaya da za ta iya taimaka wa likitocin su keɓance maganin chemotherapy shine don auna matakan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jini na jini a kan lokaci da daidaita kashi bisa ga tsari ko algorithm don cimma mafi kyawun bayyanar. Tare da kafaffen bayyanar da manufa don ingantaccen ingancin jiyya tare da ƙarancin guba, ana iya keɓance allurai don cimma buƙatuwar manufa da sakamako mafi kyau ga kowane mutum. Anyi amfani da irin wannan algorithm a cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti da aka ambata a sama kuma ya haifar da ingantaccen sakamako mai mahimmanci.
Likitocin Oncologists sun riga sun keɓance adadin wasu magungunan cutar kansa dangane da fallasa. Carboplatin da busulfan  allurai sun dogara da sakamakon gwajin jini don ƙididdige mafi kyawun kashi ga kowane mutum. Hakanan ana samun gwajin jini mai sauƙi don haɓaka kashi na methotrexate, 5-FU, paclitaxel, da docetaxel.
Matsakaicin matakin albumin nan da nan kafin gudanar da aikin chemotherapy shine mai hasashen mai zaman kansa na rayuwa a cikin nau'ikan ciwon daji daban-daban.
Alkylating jamiái
Ma'aikatan Alkylating sune mafi tsufa rukuni na chemotherapeutics da ake amfani da su a yau. Asalin da aka samu daga iskar mustard da aka yi amfani da shi a yakin duniya na daya, yanzu ana amfani da nau'ikan abubuwan alkylating iri-iri. Suna haka ne saboda iyawarsu na alkylate da yawa kwayoyin halitta, gami da sunadaran, RNA da DNA. Wannan ikon ɗaure covally ga DNA ta hanyar rukunin alkyl shine babban dalilin maganin cutar kansa. DNA an yi shi ne da igiyoyi biyu kuma ƙwayoyin na iya ɗaure sau biyu zuwa madaidaicin DNA guda ɗaya (intrastrand crosslink) ko kuma suna iya ɗaure sau ɗaya zuwa duka igiyoyin biyu (interstrand crosslink). Idan tantanin halitta yayi ƙoƙarin yin kwafin DNA mai haɗe-haɗe yayin rarraba tantanin halitta, ko yayi ƙoƙarin gyara shi, igiyoyin DNA na iya karye. Wannan yana haifar da wani nau'i na tsarin mutuwar kwayar halitta wanda ake kira apoptosis. Alkylating jamiái za su yi aiki a kowane lokaci a cikin tantanin halitta sake zagayowar kuma don haka aka sani da cell sake zagayowar-m kwayoyi masu zaman kansu. Saboda wannan dalili, tasirin akan tantanin halitta ya dogara da kashi; juzu'in sel da suka mutu yana daidai da adadin ƙwayoyi.
Nau'in nau'ikan abubuwan alkylating sune nitrogen mustards, nitrosoureas, tetrazines, aziridines, cisplatins da abubuwan da suka samo asali, da kuma abubuwan da ba na gargajiya ba. Nitrogen mustards sun hada da mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, ifosfamide da busulfan. Nitrosoureas sun hada da N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU), carmustine (BCNU), lomustine (CCNU) da semustine (MeCCNU), fotemustine da streptozotocin. Tetrazines sun hada da dacarbazine, mitozolomide da temozolomide. Aziridines sun hada da thiotepa, mytomycin da diaziquone (AZQ). Cisplatin da abubuwan da aka samo sun haɗa da cisplatin, carboplatin da oxaliplatin. Suna lalata aikin tantanin halitta ta hanyar samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da RukuninAmino, Rukunin carboxyl, sulfhydryl, da Rukunin Phosphate'' a cikin mahimman ƙwayoyin halitta. Abubuwan da ba na gargajiya ba sun haɗa da procarbazine da hexamethylmelamine.
Antimetabolites
Anti-folates sun haɗa da methotrexate da pemetrexed. Methotrexate yana hana dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), wani enzyme wanda ke sake farfado da tetrahydrofolate daga dihydrofolate. Lokacin da methotrexate ya hana enzyme, matakan salula na folate coenzymes suna raguwa. Ana buƙatar waɗannan don samar da thymidylate da purine, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga haɗin DNA da rarrabawar tantanin halitta. Pemetrexed wani anti-metabolite ne wanda ke shafar samar da purine da pyrimidine, sabili da haka kuma yana hana DNA kira. Da farko yana hana enzyme thymidylate synthase, amma kuma yana da tasiri akan DHFR, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase da glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase. Magungunan fluoropyrimidine sun hada da fluorouracil da capecitabine. Fluorouracil shine analog na nucleobase wanda ke narkewa a cikin sel don samar da aƙalla samfuran aiki guda biyu; 5-fluourouridine monophosphate (FUMP) da 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate (fdUMP). FUMP ya zama cikin RNA kuma fdUMP yana hana enzyme thymidylate synthase; duka biyun suna haifar da mutuwar tantanin halitta. Capecitabine shine prodrug na 5-fluorouracil wanda aka rushe a cikin sel don samar da magani mai aiki. Analogues na deoxynucleoside sun hada da cytarabine, gemcitabine, decitabine, azacitidine, fludarabine, nelarabine, cladribine, clofarabine, da pentostatin. thiopurines sun hada da thioguanine da mercaptopurine.
Anti-microtubule agents
Magungunan anti-microtubule sune sinadarai da aka samo daga tsire-tsire waɗanda ke toshe rarraba tantanin halitta ta hanyar hana aikin microtubule. Microtubules wani muhimmin tsarin salula ne wanda ya ƙunshi sunadarai guda biyu, α-tubulin da β-tubulin. Suna da sarari, sifofi masu siffar sanda waɗanda ake buƙata don rarraba tantanin halitta, a tsakanin sauran ayyukan salula. Microtubules sune tsarukan tsauri, wanda ke nufin cewa sun kasance na dindindin a cikin yanayin taro da rarrabawa. Vinca alkaloids da taxes sune manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ko da yake waɗannan rukunin magungunan biyu suna haifar da tabarbarewar microtubule, tsarin aikin su gaba ɗaya ya sabawa: Vinca alkaloids suna hana haɗuwar microtubules, yayin da haraji ke hana rushewar su. Ta yin haka, suna hana ƙwayoyin cutar kansa kammala mitosis. Bayan wannan, kamawar kwayar halitta yana faruwa, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar kwayar halitta ( apoptosis ). Hakanan waɗannan kwayoyi na iya shafar haɓakar jini, wani muhimmin tsari wanda ciwace-ciwacen daji ke amfani da su don girma da metastasis.
Vinca alkaloids an samo su ne daga Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus, wanda aka fi sani da Vinca rosea. Suna ɗaure ga takamaiman shafuka akan tubulin, suna hana haɗuwar tubulin cikin microtubules. Asalin alkaloids na vinca samfuran halitta ne waɗanda suka haɗa da vincristine da vinblastine. Bayan nasarar wadannan kwayoyi, an samar da alkaloids na semi-synthetic vinca alkaloids: vinorelbine (wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen maganin ciwon huhu mara ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ), vindesine, da vinflunine. Waɗannan magungunan suna da ƙayyadaddun tantanin halitta. Suna ɗaure ga ƙwayoyin tubulin a cikin S-phase kuma suna hana ingantaccen tsarin microtubule da ake buƙata don M-phase.
Taxanes ne na halitta da Semi-Synthetic kwayoyi. Magungunan farko na ajin su, paclitaxel, an samo asali ne daga Taxus brevifolia, Pacific yew. Yanzu wannan magani da kuma wani a cikin wannan ajin, docetaxel, ana samar da su ta hanyar sinadarai na wucin gadi daga wani sinadari da aka samu a cikin bawon wata bishiyar yew, Taxus baccata.
Podophyllotoxin shine lignan antineoplastic wanda aka samo asali daga mayapple na Amurka ( Podophyllum peltatum ) da Himalayan mayapple ( Sinopodophyllum hexandrum ). Yana da aikin anti-microtubule, kuma tsarinsa yana kama da na vinca alkaloids a cikin abin da suke ɗaure da tubulin, yana hana ƙwayar microtubule. Ana amfani da Podophyllotoxin don samar da wasu magunguna guda biyu tare da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban: etoposide da teniposide.
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Masu hana Topoisomerase kwayoyi ne da ke shafar ayyukan enzymes guda biyu: topoisomerase I da topoisomerase II. Lokacin da helix ɗin DNA mai igiya biyu ba a yi rauni ba, yayin yin DNA ko rubutawa, alal misali, iskar DNA ɗin da ba a buɗe ba tana da ƙarfi (supercoils), kamar buɗe tsakiyar igiya murɗaɗi. Damuwar da ke haifar da wannan tasirin yana cikin wani ɓangare na taimakon enzymes topoisomerase. Suna haifar da ɓarna guda ɗaya ko biyu cikin DNA, suna rage tashin hankali a cikin madaidaicin DNA. Wannan yana ba da damar kwancen DNA na yau da kullun ya faru yayin kwafi ko kwafi. Hana topoisomerase I ko II yana tsoma baki tare da waɗannan hanyoyin guda biyu.
Biyu na topoisomerase I inhibitors, irinotecan da topotecan, an samo asali ne daga camptothecin, wanda aka samo daga itacen ado na kasar Sin Camptotheca acuminata. Ana iya raba magungunan da ke kaiwa topoisomerase II zuwa rukuni biyu. Topoisomerase II guba yana haifar da ƙara yawan matakan enzymes da ke ɗaure zuwa DNA. Wannan yana hana kwafin DNA da kwafi, yana haifar da karyewar layin DNA, kuma yana haifar da mutuwar kwayar halitta ( apoptosis ). Wadannan sun hada da etoposide, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone da teniposide. Ƙungiya ta biyu, masu hana catalytic, kwayoyi ne waɗanda ke toshe ayyukan topoisomerase II, don haka suna hana haɗin DNA da fassarar saboda DNA ba zai iya jurewa da kyau ba. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da novobiocin, merbarone, da aclarubicin, waɗanda kuma suna da wasu mahimman hanyoyin aiwatarwa.
Magungunan rigakafi na cytotoxic
Magungunan rigakafi na cytotoxic rukuni ne daban-daban na magunguna waɗanda ke da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban. Jigon gama gari da suke rabawa a cikin nunin chemotherapy shine suna katse rarrabawar tantanin halitta. Mafi mahimmancin rukuni shine anthracyclines da bleomycins ; wasu fitattun misalan sun haɗa da mitomycin C da actinomycin.
Daga cikin anthracyclines, doxorubicin da daunorubicin sune na farko, kuma an samo su daga kwayoyin Streptomyces peucetius. Abubuwan da aka samo daga waɗannan mahadi sun haɗa da epirubicin da idarubicin. Sauran magungunan da ake amfani da su na asibiti a cikin rukunin anthracycline sune pirarubicin, aclarubicin, da mitoxantrone. Hanyoyin anthracyclines sun haɗa da DNA intercalation (kwayoyin sakawa tsakanin igiyoyin DNA guda biyu), tsarar radicals masu amsawa sosai waɗanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin intercellular da topoisomerase hanawa.
Actinomycin wani hadadden kwayoyin halitta ne wanda ke tsaka da DNA kuma yana hana RNA kira.
Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Hannu ta Matan Tunisiya
Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Hannu ta Matan Tunisiya ko a cikin ( yaren Larabci : كأس تونس لكرة اليد للسيدات ) Gasar kwallon hannu ce ta mata ta Tunusiya da ake gudanarwa a duk shekara tun kafuwarta a shekarar 1964, Hukumar Kwallon hannu ta Tunisiya ce ke jagorantar ta. Club Africain ne ke kan gaba a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai sama da 28, 12 daga cikinsu suna jere a jere, ASF Sahel na biye da su da Kofuna 10 sannan a matsayi na uku mun sami ASE Ariana da Kofi 4, duk da haka wanda ya lashe kofin zai samu gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai kai tsaye. .
Chemotherapy
Magungunan rigakafi na cytotoxic
Bleomycin, glycopeptide keɓe daga Streptomyces verticillus, kuma yana tsaka-tsakin DNA, amma yana samar da radicals kyauta waɗanda ke lalata DNA. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da bleomycin ya ɗaure zuwa ƙarfe ion, ya zama mai raguwa a cikin sinadarai kuma yana amsawa da iskar oxygen.
Mitomycin wani maganin rigakafi ne na cytotoxic tare da ikon alkylate DNA.
Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Matan Senegal ta ƴan Ƙasa da Shekaru 16
Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Senegal ta kasa da shekaru 16, kungiyar kwallon kwando ce ta kasar Senegal, karkashin kulawar Fédération Sénégalaise de Basket-Ball. Tana wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa da shekaru 16 (ƙasa da shekara 16).
Chemotherapy
Bayarwa
Yawancin chemotherapy ana isar da su ta cikin jini, kodayake ana iya gudanar da adadin wakilai ta baki (misali, melphalan, busulfan, capecitabine ). Bisa ga sake dubawa na kwanan nan (2016) na yau da kullum, hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na baka suna ba da ƙarin ƙalubale ga marasa lafiya da ƙungiyoyin kulawa don kiyayewa da tallafawa bin tsarin kulawa.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na isar da magunguna ta cikin jijiya, waɗanda aka sani da na'urorin samun damar jijiya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da na'urar jiko mai fuka -fuki, catheter na gefe, catheter na tsakiya, catheter na tsakiya (PICC), catheter na tsakiya da tashar tashar da za a iya shukawa. Na'urorin suna da aikace-aikace daban-daban dangane da tsawon lokacin jiyya na chemotherapy, hanyar bayarwa da nau'ikan wakili na chemotherapeutic.
Ana amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su 5-fluorouracil, don magance wasu lokuta na ciwon daji na fata wanda ba melanoma ba.
Idan ciwon daji yana da sa hannun tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, ko tare da cutar sankarau, ana iya gudanar da chemotherapy na ciki.
Tasiri mara kyau
Dabarun ilimin chemotherapeutic suna da kewayon illolin da suka dogara da nau'in magungunan da ake amfani da su. Magungunan da aka fi sani suna shafar ƙwayoyin sel masu saurin rarrabuwa na jiki, kamar ƙwayoyin jini da ƙwayoyin da ke rufe baki, ciki, da hanji. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da ilimin chemotherapy na iya faruwa sosai bayan gudanarwa, cikin sa'o'i ko kwanaki, ko na yau da kullun, daga makonni zuwa shekaru.
A lokuta da yawa, karuwa a cikin haƙuri / raguwa a cikin sakamako masu illa da kuma inganta ingantaccen maganin warkewa ta hanyar azumi na gajeren lokaci a cikin kwanakin jiyya an lura da su a cikin mutum da kuma gwaje-gwajen dabba.
Immunosuppression da myelosuppression
Kusan duk tsarin maganin chemotherapeutic na iya haifar da baƙin ciki na tsarin garkuwar jiki, sau da yawa ta hanyar gurɓata bargon ƙashi kuma yana haifar da raguwar fararen jini, jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, da platelets. Anemia da thrombocytopenia na iya buƙatar ƙarin jini. Neutropenia (raguwa na neutrophil granulocyte count a kasa 0.5 x 10 9 / lita ) za a iya inganta tare da roba G-CSF ( granulocyte -colony-stimulating factor, misali, filgrastim, lenograstim ).
A cikin mummunan myelosuppression, wanda ke faruwa a cikin wasu tsarin, kusan dukkanin kwayoyin halitta na kasusuwa (kwayoyin da ke samar da farin jini da jajayen jini ) an lalata su, ma'ana allogenic ko autologous kasusuwan kasusuwan kasusuwa ya zama dole. (A cikin BMTs na autologous, ana cire sel daga mutum kafin magani, ninka sannan a sake yin allura daga baya; a cikin BMTs na allogenic, tushen mai bayarwa ne. ) Duk da haka, wasu mutane har yanzu suna fama da cututtuka saboda wannan tsangwama tare da kasusuwa.
Albany Township, Stearns County, Minnesota
Garin Albany birni ne, da ke a cikin gundumar Stearns, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 980 a ƙidayar 2010. Garin Albany yana kewaye da garin.
Chemotherapy
Immunosuppression da myelosuppression
A Japan, gwamnati ta amince da yin amfani da wasu namomin kaza na magani kamar Trametes versicolor, don magance damuwa na tsarin rigakafi a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar sankara.
Trilaciclib shine mai hana cyclin-dogara kinase 4/6 wanda aka amince da shi don rigakafin myelosuppression wanda chemotherapy ya haifar. Ana ba da miyagun ƙwayoyi kafin chemotherapy don kare aikin ƙwayar kasusuwa.
Albany Township, Stearns County, Minnesota
An shirya Garin Albany a cikin 1868.
Chemotherapy
Neutropenic enterocolitis
Saboda damun tsarin rigakafi, neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis) shine "rikitaccen ƙwayar gastrointestinal mai barazanar rai na chemotherapy." Typhlitis cuta ce ta hanji wanda zai iya bayyana kansa ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka da suka haɗa da tashin zuciya, amai, gudawa, ciwon ciki, zazzabi, sanyi, ko ciwon ciki da taushi.
Albany Township, Stearns County, Minnesota
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin (T125N R31W) yana da yawan yanki na 94.9 km2  94.3 km2   ƙasa ce kuma 0.7 km2 , ko 0.71%, ruwa ne.
Garin Albany yana cikin Township 125 Arewa na Layin Base na Arkansas da Range 31 Yamma na 5th Principal Meridian.
Chemotherapy
Neutropenic enterocolitis
Typhlitis na gaggawa ne na likita. Yana da mummunan tsinkaya kuma sau da yawa yana da mutuwa sai dai idan an gane shi da sauri kuma an yi masa mugun nufi. Nasarar jiyya ya dogara ne akan ganewar asali da wuri da aka bayar ta babban ginshiƙi na zato da kuma yin amfani da sikanin CT, magani mara aiki don lokuta marasa rikitarwa, da kuma wani lokacin zaɓin hemicolectomy na dama don hana sake dawowa.
Albany Township, Stearns County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 884, gidaje 281, da iyalai 245 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 23.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (9.2/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 289 a matsakaicin yawa na 7.8/sq mi (3.0/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.64% Fari, 0.11% Ba'amurke, 0.23% Asiya, 0.45% daga sauran jinsi, da 0.57% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.23% na yawan jama'a.
Chemotherapy
Ciwon ciki
Tashin zuciya, amai, anorexia, gudawa, ciwon ciki, da maƙarƙashiya ne na gama gari-sakamakon magungunan chemotherapeutic wanda ke kashe sel masu rarraba cikin sauri. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki da rashin ruwa na iya haifarwa lokacin da mai karɓa bai ci ko sha ba, ko kuma lokacin da mutum ya yi amai akai-akai, saboda lahani na ciki. Wannan na iya haifar da saurin raguwar kiba, ko kuma a samu kiba lokaci-lokaci, idan mutum ya ci abinci da yawa a kokarinsa na kawar da tashin zuciya ko ƙwannafi. Hakanan ana iya haifar da karuwar nauyi ta wasu magungunan steroid. Ana iya rage waɗannan lahani akai-akai ko kuma a kawar da su tare da magungunan hana kumburi. Shaida maras tabbas ta kuma nuna cewa probiotics na iya samun rigakafin rigakafi da tasirin maganin gudawa dangane da chemotherapy kadai kuma tare da aikin rediyo. Duk da haka, babban ƙididdiga na zato ya dace, tun da zawo da kumburi suma alamun alamun cutar typhlitis ne, gaggawar gaggawa mai tsanani da kuma yiwuwar rayuwa wanda ke buƙatar magani na gaggawa.
Albany Township, Stearns County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Akwai gidaje 281, daga cikinsu kashi 47.7% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 79.7% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 3.2% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 12.5% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 10.7% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 2.8% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 3.13 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.39.
A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 32.0% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 7.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 26.1% daga 25 zuwa 44, 24.4% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 9.6% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 35. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 109.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 113.1.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $47,656, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $52,750. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $32,917 sabanin $22,396 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $16,572. Kusan 5.1% na iyalai da 6.8% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 5.8% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 7.7% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da su.
Matsalolin muhalli a United Kingdom
Wannan shafin yana lissafin batutuwan da Burtaniya ke da su a halin yanzu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da muhalli, kamar gurɓatawa da gurɓatawa.
Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli suna da illa na ayyukan ɗan adam akan muhallin halittu. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, yanayin muhalli a Burtaniya ya tabarbare sosai a birane da karkara. Tare da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 67, irin wannan ƙasa mai yawan jama'a da ci gaban fasaha na haɓaka matsalolin muhalli. Sannan kuma A cewar Hukumar NEA ta Burtaniya, gurbacewar iska da kuma karfin sauyin yanayi ya shafi yankunan tsaunuka na Burtaniya sosai. Saboda sauyin yanayi; hauhawar yanayin ruwan teku da kuma amfani da albarkatun ruwa ya haifar da mummunar asarar inganci a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa na Burtaniya. Gurbacewar iska, canjin yanayi, datti, sharar gida, da Kuma gurɓacewar ƙasa duk wani ɓangare ne na ayyukan ɗan adam da ke haifar da waɗannan batutuwan muhalli a Burtaniya.
1 Gurbacewar iska
Gas da ke haifar da gurɓacewar iska sun haɗa da carbon, nitrogen da sulfur oxides. Yayin da wasu daga cikin wadannan iskar gas ke faruwa ta dabi'a, sannan kamar kamar carbon dioxide a cikin fitar da iska daga huhu, masu gurbataccen gurbataccen yanayi suna fitowa ne daga konewar makamashin burbushin halittu: gawayi, mai da iskar gas. Ana fitar da iskar gas mai guba a cikin iska ta hanyar hayakin da masana'antu da masana'antun sinadarai ke fitarwa.
An san gurɓacewar iska a matsayin cakuda abubuwa na halitta da na mutum a cikin iskar da muke shaka. Wasu misalan abubuwan da ke haifar da gurbacewar iska a Burtaniya sun hada da kura da pollen yayin da misalan abubuwan da mutum ya kera ke haifar da matsalar iskar gas da ke fitowa daga motoci da hayakin mota. Bugu da kari kuma, gurbacewar iska ita ce sanadin kashi 10% na duk mace-mace a Burtaniya da ke zuwa na biyu bayan China da kashi 17%, wannan kididdigar ce mai ban mamaki idan aka yi la'akari da yawan mutanen China sun fi Burtaniya girma. Mutanen da ke da cututtukan zuciya da na huhu sun fi shafar gurɓatar iska, amma kuma ana danganta kamuwa da cutar shanyewar jiki, ciwon sukari, kiba da ciwon hauka. An ba da rahoton a cikin kanun labarai da yawa cewa gurɓatacciyar iska tana kashe mutane 29,000 a shekara a Burtaniya. Wadannan kididdigar sun nuna yadda gurbacewar iska ke da hadari da kuma kisa amma kuma yadda hakan zai iya shafa da kuma haifar da wasu munanan matsalolin kiwon lafiya a tsakanin mutane.
2 Canjin yanayi
A cewar Lord Stern na Brentford, ambaliyar ruwa da hadari a Birtaniya a cikin shekarata 2014 sun kasance alamun sauyin yanayi. Marubucin 2006 Stern Review ya ce yanayi na shekarar 2013-2014 wani bangare ne na tsarin kasa da kasa kuma yana nuna bukatar gaggawa na yanke hayakin carbon.
Sauyin yanayi yana faruwa ne lokacin da yanayin yanayin duniya ya canza, wanda ke haifar da sabbin yanayin yanayi na tsawon lokaci. Canjin yanayi yana da babban tasiri a kan halittun ruwa da na ƙasa. A cikin ruwan Burtaniya, sauyin yanayi da na teku na iya yin tasiri da yin tasiri ga nau'ikan da ke barazana ta hanyar yin tasiri kan ingancin matakan da aka tsara don kare su. Fitar da iskar gas kuma sanannen dalili ne na wasu manyan ci gaban sauyin yanayi a duniya cikin shekaru. Sannan Biranen da ke bakin ruwa, wadanda su ne akasarin Birtaniyya, an ba da rahoton cewa, suna da babban kalubale a gabansu ta fuskar juriyar sauyin yanayi. Wannan ya sa biranen da ake da su kamar waɗannan garuruwan da ke bakin ruwa za su sake farfado da su tare da inganta su don magance tasirin sauyin yanayi.
3 Littattafai
Sharar gida shine aikin zubar da kowane irin kayan da ba daidai ba, zubar da shara a Burtaniya matsala ce mai mahimmanci. Kungiyar kiyaye ruwa ta Marine Conservation Society (MCS) ta bayyana cewa rahotonta na shekara-shekara na sharar rairayin bakin teku ya nuna karuwar sharar datti a gabar tekun Burtaniya sama da shekaru 20, don haka suka yanke cewa a fili babu isasshen abin da gwamnatin Burtaniya ke yi wajen kokarin. don rage wannan matsala. Sakamakon baya-bayan nan daga babban taron Tsabtace Tekun Biritaniya ya nuna cewa ɓangarorin filastik sune abubuwan da aka fi samu akai-akai akan rairayin bakin teku na Burtaniya, ba wai kawai sakamakon ba amma sakamakon ya nuna cewa filastik ya kai sama da kashi 50% na duk zuriyar da aka yi rikodin. Baya ga wannan, datti a cikin tekunan Burtaniya sun yi tasiri sosai a rayuwar tekun. Kuma Sharar gida yana da matukar damuwa da teku saboda yana lalata matsuguni na rayuwar ruwa kuma shine dalilin kisa ga halittun teku marasa adadi. Kuma Gwamnatin Scotland ta amince da sharar gida a matsayin babbar matsala a cikin tekunan su kuma ta fara wani tsari na ciyar da dabarun da za su yi aiki don hana cutar da rayuwar ruwa da muhalli.
4 Sharar gida
Sharar gida wani bangare ne na yanayin rayuwa; sharar gida yana faruwa ne lokacin da kowace halitta ta dawo da abubuwa zuwa muhalli. 'Yan Adam suna samar da ragowar abubuwan sharar da suka wuce kima wanda ke wuce gona da iri na hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su. Yin takin zamani muhimmin abu ne a cikin kula da sharar gida mai ɗorewa ga Burtaniya kuma yana iya samun muhimmiyar rawar da za ta taka wajen biyan wajibcin Dokar Fill. A halin yanzu Burtaniya tana cika tan 27,000,000 na sharar gida a shekara tare da kashi 60 cikin 100 na iya zama mai lalacewa. Za a rage yawan abubuwan da za a iya lalatar da su a cikin wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa sosai ta hanyar yin takin, ta yadda za a samar da ƙarancin iskar gas da leach. Ko da yake ba duk abubuwan da za a iya lalata su sun dace da takin zamani ba, farawa ne na samun sarrafa shara a cikin Burtaniya. Sanna Lalacewa ga muhalli saboda rashin kula da sharar gida abu ne da za a iya kauce masa ta hanyar aiwatar da dabaru ta hanyar ka'idar zaɓin yanayi mafi kyawun aiki (BPEO). Rage sharar gida, sake amfani da su, sake amfani da su, da dabarun dawo da su duk hanyoyin da za a rage buƙatun wuraren zubar da ƙasa cikin wannan ƙa'idar. Sake amfani da/sake amfani da takin zamani sun zama manyan hanyoyin sarrafa sharar gida a Burtaniya, wanda ya kai kashi 42.2% na jimillar MSW. A cikin shekarata 2012, tan miliyan 13.1 na MSW aka takin ko kuma aka sake yin fa'ida a cikin United Kingdom, wanda ke wakiltar karuwar 27.3% tun daga 2002.
5 Gurbacewar ƙasa
Gurbacewar ƙasa wani bangare ne na gurɓacewar ƙasa wanda ke haifar da kasancewar sinadarai kuma wannan gurɓataccen abu yana da matuƙar haɗari ga ɗan adam. Kuma Gurbacewar ƙasa a Burtaniya ya kasance al'amari mai gudana a wasu yankuna kuma ba kwanan nan ba ne ke tasowa ba, rikodin Hg na samfurori da aka ɗauka daga Diss Mere, United Kingdom ya nuna cewa ƙasa ta gurɓata tun shekaru dubu da suka gabata, wannan yana ƙara haɗarin yuwuwar gurɓata yanayi don shiga cikin yanayi. Gurɓatar ƙasa, kamar sharar gida, yana faruwa ne ta hanyar zubar da kayan da ba daidai ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an sami rahotannin gurɓacewar ƙasa da tsire-tsire masu yawa a sassan Ingila waɗanda a da ake kira wuraren hakar ma'adinai, wanda ke haifar da lalata ƙasa.
Dazuzzuka
Kasar Burtaniya tana da ma'aunin daidaiton yanayin gandun daji na shekarar 2018 yana nufin maki 1.65/10, wanda ya yi mata matsayi na 161 a duniya cikin kasashe 172.
Kwalejin Fasaha ta Maradana
Kwalejin Fasaha ta Maradana ita ce tsohuwar kwalejin fasaha a Sri Lanka. Wadda aka fi sani da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Ceylon wacce cibiya ce ta manyan makarantu don fannonin Fasaha da Kimiyya a Ceylon da sashen gwamnati.
Tarihi
An kafa ta a matsayin Kwalejin Fasaha ta Gwamnati a shekara ta 1893 a garin Maradana, Colombo. A cikin shekara ta 1906 tare da sake masa suna a matsayin Ceylon Technical College, ita ce cibiyar nazarin kimiyya kamar sunadarai, kimiyyar lissafi, ilmin halitta da duk horon fasaha da ci gaba na musamman a fannonin farar hula, lantarki da injiniyanci. Ginin Kwalejin Fasaha na Maradana ya zama abin tarihi na Colombo.
Lokacin da aka kafa Kwalejin Jami'ar Ceylon a cikin shekara ta 1921, an canza sashin kimiyya na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Ceylon don samar da Sashen Kimiyya, a sabuwar kwalejin Jami'ar wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar London. Kwalejin Fasaha ta fara shirya ɗalibai don samun digiri na waje a Injiniya na Jami'ar London tun daga shekara ta 1933 da kuma jarrabawar zama memba na ƙwararrun cibiyoyin aikin farar hula, lantarki da injiniyanci.
A cikin shekara ta 1942 an raba Kwalejin Fasaha ta Ceylon daga Sashen Ilimi kuma an mai da ita Sashen Kwalejin Fasaha ta Ceylon. Shekaru da yawa daga baya an fara kwasa-kwasan a lissafin Kuɗi da kasuwanci. Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin 1950 an canza darussan injiniya zuwa Faculty of Engineering na Jami'ar Ceylon. A cikin shekara ta 1964 an shigar da shi cikin Sashen Ilimin Fasaha da Horarwa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa an kafa kwalejojin fasaha da yawa a cikin ƙasar da ƙananan kwalejojin fasaha da ake da su inda aka haɓaka.
Elisabeth Osterwalder
Elisabeth Osterwalder 'yar wasan tsalle-tsalle ce ta Swiss Alpine da Para-alpine skier, kuma 'yar wasa. Ta wakilci Switzerland a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1984. Ta lashe lambobin yabo guda bakwai.
Aiki
Ta yi gasa a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi ta 1976, a Örnsköldsvik, a cikin giant slalom IV A ta lashe lambar zinare, da lokacin 3:02:07.
Ta yi gasa a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1980 a Geilo, inda ta lashe lambobin zinare a giant slalom 2B - a cikin 3:39:11, da slalom 2B - cikin 2:07:16.
Ta yi gasa a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi ta 1984, a Innsbruck, ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar LW4 super hade tseren (a cikin 7'08" 33), kuma ta kare na hudu a matakin mata na kasa LW4.
Osterwalder ta kuma yi gasa a gasar wasannin motsa jiki na nakasassu a 1980 Summer Paralympics a Arnhem ta lashe lambar zinare a cikin harbin da aka sanya C1 (tare da ma'aunin 6.01 m), lambar azurfa a cikin jefar C1 javelin (sakamakon 14.94 m), da tagulla a cikin C1 discus (jifa na 14.02 m).
Robert Erickson (mai tsara kayan kayyaki)
Robert Erickson (an haife shi Lincoln,Nebraska 1947) ɗan Amurka ne mai ƙirar kayan daki kuma mai aikin katako a Nevada City,California ɗalibi ne,wanda ke tsara kujeru da sauran kayan daki.Ayyukansa yana cikin tarin ƙasar Amurka da yawa.
Sana'a
Bayan ta bar Jami'ar Nebraska tare da digiri na Ingilishi a cikin 1969,Erickson ya yi tafiya zuwa Druid Heights a gundumar Marin,California don yin karatu tare da masu yin furniture Ed Stiles da Roger Somers. A lokacin rani na 1970,Erickson ya yi aiki da Pulitzer Prize -lashe mawaƙi Gary Snyder,ya ce ya zama wahayi ga Jack Kerouac 's The Dharma Bums.Matsayinsa shine don taimakawa wajen gina gidan Jafananci da Ba'amurke da aka yi wahayi a cikin gundumar Nevada,California. An kafa Erickson Woodworking kusa da kadarorin Snyder a wannan shekarar lokacin da ya sayi fili don gina bitarsa,kuma ya sayar da kujerarsa ta farko. Shagon katako yana aiki a wannan wurin tun lokacin-yanzu tare da ƙarin hasken rana da layukan waya. Yawancin kujerun Erickson sun haɗa da ƙirar "contoured floating back",wanda ya fara haɗawa a cikin kujerunsa a cikin 1974. Robert Erickson ya auri Liese Greensfelder,marubuciyar kimiyya wacce kuma ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da kasuwancin.Ɗansu Tor yanzu cikakken abokin tarayya ne a cikin kasuwancin Erickson Woodworking.
Tarin dindindin
Ayyukanta wani ɓangare ne na tarin dindindin na Smithsonian American Art Museum, Jami'ar Yale Art Gallery da Los Angeles County Museum of Art,da Racine Museum of Art.
Siegfried Lehman
Siegfried Lehmann ( Ibrananci : זיגפריד להמן) (4 Janairu 1892-13 Yuni 1958 ) malami ne na Isra'ila kuma wanda ya kafa kuma darekta na ƙauyen matasa na Ben Shemen. )
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lehmann a Berlin, Jamus, a cikin 1892 zuwa dangin Bayahude. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, ya shiga makarantar likitanci inda ya yi karatu tare da Albert Einstein. A lokacin yakin duniya na daya ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a sojojin Jamus. Bayan yakin ya zama yahudawan sahyoniya kuma dan gurguzu. Ya kafa gidan marayu na Yahudawa ( Jüdisches Volksheim ) a Berlin a shekara ta 1916, kuma ya bude matsugunni ga marayun yankin Yahudawa a Kaunas a shekara ta 1919. A cikin 1927, ya yi hijira zuwa Mandate Palestine, yanzu Isra'ila, kuma ya kafa Ben Shemen Youth Village, babbar makarantar kwana ta aikin gona, kusa da moshav a Ben Shemen. Ya jagoranci kauyen Ben Shemen daga 1927 zuwa 1957 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta 1957 ta Isra'ila a cikin Ilimi. A cikin 1940, hukumomin Biritaniya sun ɗaure shi saboda sun sami ma'ajiyar makamai a ƙauyen ("gwajin Ben Shemen"). Ya rasu a shekara ta 1958.
Hagu
Hannun hagu
ko hanyar da tabi hagu
ko kuma wucewa daga gurin da ake
Adi Lev
Adi Lev ( עדי לב  ; Agusta 20, 1953 - Maris 12, 2006) yar wasan Isra'ila ce kuma yar wasan murya.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a Romania, Lev ta yi ƙaura zuwa Isra’ila tare da danginta tana yan shekara 16. Ta yi karatu a jami'ar Tel Aviv da Beit Zvi. Ta kuma tafi wani taron karawa juna sani a birnin New York a cikin shekarun 1970s. Bayan ta koma Isra'ila, Lev ta fara yin wasa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Habima da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cameri inda ta yi tauraro a cikin daidaitawar wasan kwaikwayo na Les Misérables. Ta kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta Sofia Moskowitz. A kan allon, Lev an san shi da yin aiki tare da Ze'ev Revach a yawancin fina-finansa kuma yana fitowa a cikin Broken Wings da The Rubber Merchants.
Tun daga ƙarshen 1990s, Lev ta mayar da hankalinta ga yin rubutu. Ta yi muryoyin Ibrananci na Baba Yaga a cikin Bartok the Magnificent, Roz in Monsters, Inc., Mrs. Hasagawa in Lilo &amp; Stitch, Mrs. Tweedy in Kaji Run da Kala in Tarzan II.
Yehoshua Lakner
Yehoshua Lakner (b. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, 24 Afrilu 1924; d. Zürich, Switzerland, 5 Disamba 2003) ( Ibrananci : יהושוע לקנר) ya kasance mawallafin kiɗan gargajiya na zamani. Ya zauna a Falasdinu a cikin 1941, kuma ya koma Zürich a 1963.
Karatu
Ya yi karatu tare da mawakin nan na Amurka Aaron Copland a Tanglewood a 1952.
Adi Lev
Bayan Fage
A cikin 1981, Lev ta auri mawaƙin Romanian Peter Wertheimer. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Alon da Shirley, wanda kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce.
Mutuwa
Lev ta mutu daga ciwon daji a ranar 12 ga Maris 2006 tana da shekaru 52 bayan an gano shi a watan Satumba da ya gabata. An binne ta a tsohuwar makabartar Herzliya.
DJ Da Pree
Dirk Jan De Pree (Yuli 31,1891-Disamba 10,1990) ɗan Amurka ne mai zanen kayan daki.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi De Pree a Zeeland, Michigan,cikin 1891.Mahaifinsa maƙeran ne wanda ke ƙwazo a harkokin siyasa na cikin gida. Kakanninsa ƴan ƙabilar Holland ne waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Zeeland a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19.
De Pree ta sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1909 kuma ta tafi aiki a matsayin magatakarda na Kamfanin Furniture na Michigan Star Furniture a Zeeland.An kafa kamfanin shekaru hudu a baya.Aikin De Pree ya ƙunshi aikin ofis na gabaɗaya,yana karɓar umarni daga shugabansa.
A cikin 1914,De Pree ya auri Nellie Miller, 'yar Herman Miller.Wannan auren ya haifi ’ya’ya maza uku,biyu daga cikinsu za su shiga harkar mahaifinsu. Ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya mata hudu.
Sana'a
A cikin 1923,De Pree ya yanke shawarar samun kasuwancin kansa.Da taimakon lamuni daga surukinsa ya sayi Kamfanin Furniture na Michigan Star Furniture.(Su biyun sun sayi 51% na hannun jari.) Ya canza sunan kamfanin Herman Miller don girmama surukinsa,wanda bai taba yin aiki a cikin kasuwancin ba.
A cikin 1960,De Pree ya kamu da rashin lafiya wanda ya yanke aikinsa. Ya sauka a matsayin Shugaba a 1961.Lokacin da ya murmure, babu sauran damarsa a matsayin Shugaba.Sabuwar ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta ƙunshi 'ya'yan Hugh da Max De Pree.DJ ya ci gaba a matsayin shugaba emeritus.
Mutuwa
De Pree ya mutu a ranar Litinin 10 ga Disamba,1990, a Fountain View Retirement Village a Holland,Michigan .Yana da shekaru 99 a duniya.
Connie Conley
Connie Conley 'yar Amurka ce mai tseren tsalle-tsalle. Ta wakilci Amurka a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi a shekarar 1984 a cikin tseren tsalle-tsalle. Ta lashe lambar yabo a duk gasar da ta fafata.
Ta ci lambar azurfa a gasar Giant Slalom B2 na mata da lambobin tagulla a taron mata na Downhill B2 da taron B2 na Alpine Combination B2.
Rijistar mai gurɓata da canza wuri na muhalli
Rijista mai gurbatawa da canja wuri (PRTR), tsari ne dan tattarawa da yada bayanai game da sakin muhalli da canja wurin abubuwa masu haɗari daga masana'antu da sauran wurare.
An kafa PRTRs a ƙasashe da yawa bayan Bala'i na Bhopal na shekarata 1984 da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli da Ci gaba a Rio de Janeiro na shekarar 1992, wanda ya tabbatar da 'yancin al'ummomi da ma'aikata su sani game da sinadarai masu guba da sauran abubuwan damuwa.
Haƙƙin al'umma su sani
A cikin ƙasashe da yawa wuraren masana'antu suna buƙatar izini don aiwatar da matakan da ke haifar da matsi na muhalli. Kuma Dole ne hukumomi su daidaita bukatun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban lokacin ba da irin wannan izini kuma za su nuna wannan ma'auni a cikin yanayi da bukatun da aka sanya a cikin izinin. Kamfanoni da farar hula da ke zaune kusa da wuraren gabaɗaya suna da matakan fahimta daban-daban da bayanai kan matakai da tasirin muhalli. A cikin mahallin dimokraɗiyya duk da haka filin wasa na matakin ga duk 'yan wasan da ke da hannu wajen ba da izinin yanke shawara yana da mahimmanci ga yarda da yanke shawara. Dangane da wannan batu, ƙa'idar Yarjejeniyar Aarhus tana buƙatar waɗanda ke cikin wannan yarjejeniya su kafa PRTRs a matsayin kayan aiki don samarwa jama'a irin wannan bayanin.
Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ƙungiya ce ta yarjejeniyar UNECE akan PRTRs kuma ta ƙirƙiri nata rajista, Tarayyar Turai Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR)
An kafa wannan rajista ta Doka (EC) No. 166/2006.
Ingancin bayanai
PRTR wani nau'in kaya ne na hayaki, yawanci yana ƙunshe da bayanai kan hayaƙi zuwa muhalli daga wuraren masana'antu guda ɗaya. Hanyoyin tattara bayanai na PRTR don fitar da mahaɗar ɗaiɗaikun galibi suna amfani da tambayoyin tambayoyin da aka aika zuwa ɗaiɗaikun wurare ko kamfanoni. Kuma Ana tabbatar da amsoshin da hukumomin da suka cancanta suka samu kuma a buga su a gidan yanar gizon jama'a.
Dangane da ra'ayin 'yancin sanin al'umma, wannan hanya tana tabbatar da cewa an buga bayanai da zarar sun samu. Duk da ingantattun hukumomin da suka cancanta, sannan Kuma bayanan sun kasance ainihin ƙididdigar wuraren da sarrafa ingancin bayanai da gaske ya dogara da masu amfani da bayanai suna yin tambayoyi. Tun da ma'anar kayan aiki wani ɓangare ne kawai na duk ayyuka a cikin ƙasa, jimlar fitar da aka ruwaito a cikin PRTR yakamata kowane gurɓataccen abu ya kasance ƙasa ko daidai da jimillar hayaƙi da aka ruwaito a cikin ƙasa.
Manazarta
Ci gaba da karatu
Shafukan yanar gizo na PRTR na ƙasa:
Shafukan yanar gizo na PRTR na yanki
Abubuwan da aka bayar na PRTR
Ƙungiyoyin da ba na Gwamnati ba
Yankin Bugisu
Yankin Bugisu yanki ne a Gabashin Uganda wanda ya ƙunshi gundumomi masu zuwa:
Yankin dai gida ne ga mutanen Gisu, wanda kuma ake kira Bagisu, (wanda aka fi sani da Mugisu ). Bagisu yana magana da Lugisu, yaren Lumasaba, yaren Bantu. Lugisu ya yi kama da yaren Bukusu da mutanen Bukusu na Kenya ke magana da shi.
Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2002, yankin Bugisu na da kimanin mutane miliyan 1 a lokacin.
Nadav Lapid
Nadav Lapid ( נדב לפיד  ; an haife shi 8 Afrilu 1975) marubucin allo ne na Isra'ila kuma darektan fina-finai.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lapid a Tel Aviv, Isra'ila, ga dangin Ashkenazi na Yahudawa. Shi ɗan fim ne Da ne ga darektan fim Haim Lapid da editan fim Era Lapid, ya yi karatun falsafa a Jami'ar Tel Aviv, ya koma Paris bayan aikin soja a cikin Sojojin Isra'ila. Ya koma Isra'ila don yin digiri a Sam Spiegel Film and Television School a Jerusalem. Fim ɗinsa na halarta na farko ɗan sanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta musamman na Locarno Festival a bikin Fim na Duniya na Locarno a 2011.
Fim ɗin Nadav Lapid Synonyms ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Bear a bikin Fim na Duniya na 69th na Berlin a cikin watan Fabrairu 2019.
Eyre de Lanux
Eyre de Lanux (/ɛər/AIR;an haife ta Elizabeth Eyre ;Maris 20,1894–Satumba 8,1996) ɗan Amurka ne mai fasaha,marubuci,kuma mai zane. De Lanux sananne ne don zayyana kayan da aka yi da lacquered da kayan kwalliya na geometric, a cikin salon zane-zane,a cikin Paris a cikin 1920s. Daga baya ta kwatanta littattafan yara da dama. Ta mutu a New York tana da shekaru 102.
Rayuwar farko, ilimi da fasaha mai kyau
An haife ta a Johnstown,Pennsylvania,babbar 'yar Richard Derby Eyre (1869-1955) da Elizabeth Krieger Eyre (d. 1938). Ta yi karatun fasaha a Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Manhattan tare da Edwin Dickinson,George Bridgman,Robert Henri,da Charles Hawthorne.
De Lanux ya nuna zane-zane guda biyu,L'Arlesienne da Allegro a nunin farko na shekara-shekara na Society of Independent Artists a 1917.
A cikin 1918 ta sadu da aure,marubucin Faransanci kuma jami'in diflomasiyya,Pierre Combret de Lanux (1887-1955) a New York. Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya sun ƙaura zuwa Paris. Ta yi karatu a Paris a farkon 1920s a Académie Colarossi da Académie Ranson inda malamanta suka haɗa da Maurice Denis,Demetrios Galanis, da Constantin Brâncuși. An haifi 'yarsu Anne-Françoise,wadda ake yi wa lakabi da "Bikou,"a ranar 19 ga Disamba,1925.
A cikin 1943,an haɗa de Lanux a cikin nunin nunin Peggy Guggenheim ta Mata 31 a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Wannan ƙarni a New York.
Dangantaka na sirri
Lokacin da sababbin ma'auratan suka zauna a Paris da'irar zamantakewar su sun haɗa da André Gide,Ernest Hemingway,da Bernard Berenson. Ko da yake ya yi aure,de Lanux ya kasance bisexual.An fi saninta da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin masu son marubucin madigo kuma mai fasaha Natalie Barney na dogon lokaci. Sauran masoyanta sun ruwaito sun hada da Pierre Drieu La Rochelle da Louis Aragon.
Saboda wani bangare na tarihin rayuwar farko na Jean Chalon na Barney, wanda aka buga a Turanci a matsayin Hoton Seductress: Duniyar Natalie Barney, ta zama sananne sosai don yawancin alaƙa fiye da rubutunta ko salonta.
Zane
Zanenta ya fara bayyana a farkon 1920s,kuma galibi ana nuna su tare da na masu zanen Eileen Gray da Jean-Michel Frank.Yayin da take kasar Faransa, ta rubuta gajerun labarai na tafiye-tafiyen da ta yi a Turai.A 1955,mijinta ya mutu.Ba da daɗewa ba,ta koma Amurka,kuma a cikin 1960s ta rubuta wa Harper's Bazaar.
Bejou Township, Mahnomen County, Minnesota
Garin Bejou gari ne a gundumar Mahnomen, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 98 a ƙidayar 2000.
Bejou cin hanci da rashawa ne na bonjour, kalmar Faransanci ma'ana "sannu".
Geography
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 37.4 sqmi, wanda daga ciki 37.3 sqmi   nasa ƙasa ne kuma 0.04 sqmi   daga ciki (0.08%) ruwa ne.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 98, gidaje 37, da iyalai 29 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 2.6 a kowace murabba'in mil (1.0/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 49 a matsakaicin yawa na 1.3/sq mi (0.5/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 90.82% Fari, 4.08% Ba'amurke, da 5.10% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye.
A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 22.4% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 2.0% daga 18 zuwa 24, 26.5% daga 25 zuwa 44, 33.7% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 15.3% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 45. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 117.8. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 123.5.
Juliet Ibrahim
Juliet Ibrahim 'yar wasan Ghana ce, mai shirya fina-finai kuma mawaƙa 'yar asalin Labanon, Ghana da Laberiya. Ta lashe kyautar mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a lambar yabo ta Jagoranci a Kyautar Fina-finan Ghana na 2010 saboda rawar da ta taka a wasan 4 Play. An yi mata lakabi da "Mafi Kyawun Mace ta Yammacin Afirka" a cewar Mujallar A-listers.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Juliet Ibrahim ga uba dan kasar Lebanon da uwa ’yar Ghana-Labariya. Ita ce babba kuma tana da ’yan’uwa mata biyu ciki har da ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo Sonia Ibrahim, da kuma yaya. Juliet tare da ƴan uwanta sun shafe tsawon lokacin ƙuruciyarsu a Lebanon da Ivory Coast saboda yakin basasa. Ta yi karatun firamare a kasar Lebanon, sannan ta wuce kasar Ivory Coast domin yin karatun sakandare inda ta zauna da iyayenta. Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Harsuna ta Ghana, inda ta karanci Turanci, Faransanci da Sipaniya. Ta kuma karanci harkokin kasuwanci da talla da hulda da jama'a a cibiyar aikin jarida ta Ghana.
Ibrahim ta yi tsokaci kan cewa a Afirka ba a dauke ta a matsayin bakar mace saboda launin fatarta, amma a wajen Afirka an san ta da bakar fata. Ta yi adawa da kalmar 'rabi-caste' kuma ta ce ita 'Baƙar fata ce kuma tana alfahari da shi'.
Aiki
Ibrahim ta fara fitowa a fim din Crime to Christ a shekarar 2005 tare da Majid Michel. Fim dinta na farko na Nollywood shine Yankee Boys kuma ta yi fice a fina-finai sama da 50 bayan haka. A shekarar 2014 ta fito da fim dinta na farko Number One Fan, inda ta fito a matsayin jarumar da wani masoyin fim din ya zage shi. Fim dinta na biyu mai suna ‘Shattered Romance’ wanda ya nuna ’yan wasan Najeriya da Ghana, wanda aka kaddamar da shi a tsakiyar birnin Accra, Ghana a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2014. Sabon shirinta na TV; 'Kowace Mace Tana Da Labari' Inda ta fayyace ƙwarewar daraktanta tana nunawa akan Terrestrial TV kuma sabon Nunin Gaskiyar ta, Cikakkar Mataimakin, TPA za a bayyana nan ba da jimawa ba. Ta kuma fito a fina-finan Twi, a cikin fina-finan Yarbanci, sannan kuma a cikin fim din Ladan Aure na harshen Hausa.
Filmography
• Crime to Christ (2005)
• In The Eyes of My Husband (2007)
• Yankee Boys (2008)
• Losing You (2008)
• Royal Storm (2009)
• Restore My Love (2009)
• Naked Weapon (2009)
• Lost Desire (2008)
• Beautiful King (2009)
• Tattoo Boys (2009)
• Missing Child (2009)