cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Muhimmancin Tsaftace Muhalli
Dakunan Kwana
Jami’an duba lafiyar muhalli wadanda suke bi gida-gida suna kula da yadda ake tsafatace shi wadanda aka fi sani da Santarori ko kuma sanitary inspectors, akwai su shekarun baya da suka wuce, saboda wani lokacidan Adam zuma ne sai da wuta ake shan shi, idan ba matsa ma shi ake yi ba, sanin shi ne abin fa shi zai fi amfana da shi amma ba zai yi ba sai an tilasta ma shi. Don haka abin da ya kamata ne Jihohin da basu da wadannan Malaman tsaftar sai, a sake dawowa dasu, domin shi muhallin nan ba, tsaftace shi ake yi ba ,akwai matsala,wadda kuma bakarama ba ce sboda kuwa za’a yi ta zaman cikin muhallin da baya dakyau, daga kamuwa da cuta sai kuma abin da ba, a rasa ba. Idan aka yi la’akari da lokacin da ake da su Malaman tsaftar ba wasu cututtukan da ake dasu, yanzu da ana kulawa da muhalli kamar yadda ya dace ayi. Ita ma kanta gwamnatin idan har ta dawo da Malaman tsaftar masu zuwa suna shiga gida-gida suna tabbatar da ana tsaftace su, ai ba, a ware ma bangaren lafiya makudan kudade kamar yadda ake yi yanzu idan maganar kasafin kudi ta taso.
Cocin Cathedral na Christi, Lagos
Tarihi
An fara ginin babban cocin na farko a ranar 29 ga watan Maris ɗin shekara ta 1867 kuma an kafa babban cocin ne a shekarar 1869.
An fara gina ginin na yanzu don ƙira ta Bagan Benjamin a ranar 1 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1924. Yariman Wales (daga baya Sarki Edward VIII ) ne ya aza ginin a ranar 21 ga Afrilun shekara ta 1925. An kammala shi a cikin shekarar 1946. A cikin shekarar 1976 aka fassara abubuwan tarihin Rev Dr Samuel Ajayi Crowther, wani tsohon ɗan kabilar Yarbawa wanda ya zama bishop na farko na Afirka a Cocin Anglican, zuwa babban coci. Akwai cenotaph da aka gina a matsayin abin tunawa da shi.
An fi saninta da Cocin Cathedral na Christ Marina, kuma ita ce babbar cocin Anglican a Cocin Najeriya. A lokuta daban-daban a tarihinta, babban cocin ya kasance wurin zama na babban limamin lardin Afirka ta Yamma, wurin zama na Archbishop kuma primate of All Nigeria kuma kujerar babban limamin lardin Legas. A halin yanzu ita ce wurin zama na Bishop a Legas.
Oberlinger Orgelbau na Jamus ne ya gina sashin a gefen dama na ginin tare da bango guda biyu - ɗaya yana kallon gaba, na biyu kuma yana kallon tashar dama. Ɗaya daga cikin sassan, Antiphonal, yana a ɗakin kwana a sama da babbar ƙofar cocin. A farkon karni na 21st duk kayan aikin da aka sabunta (da na'ura wasan bidiyo suke sake ginawa) da kuma kamfanin Harrison da Harrison; ya ƙunshi tashoshi 64 akan litattafai 4 da allo. Ita ce a gaba mafi girma a Najeriya.
A shekarar 1969, shugaban Najeriya na lokacin, Yakubu Gowon ya auri Miss Victoria Zakari, a wani biki da Seth Irunsewe Kale ta jagoranta a babban cocin Cathedral.
Manazarta
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Mohammed Arzika
An nada Mohammed Arzika a matsayin Ministan Sadarwa na Najeriya daga Yunin shekara ta 1999 zuwa Yuni shekara ta 2001 a majalisar ministocin Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo.Ya mutu bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya a ranar 9 ga watan  Yuni shekara ta 2015.
== Bayan Fage == An haifi Mohammed Arzika a garin Tambuwal, da ke karamar hukumar Tambuwal ta jihar Sokoto, Najeriya a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1943 ga Alhaji Usman Nabungudu da Hajiya Bilikisu. Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Tambuwal daga shekara ta 1951 - 1955, Sakandaren Middle ta shekara ta 1953 zuwa 1955 da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta lardin (Kwalejin Nagarta) daga shekarun 1955-1961. Ya kuma halarci kwalejin Barewa daga shekara ta 1962-1963 da kuma Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, Cibiyar Gudanarwa inda ya samu digiri na farko na Fannin Kimiyyar Aikin Gwamnati daga shekara ta 1964-1967.
Arzika ya fara aiki da Ma’aikatan Tarayya a shekarar 1967 ya kuma yi aiki a ma’aikatu da ofisoshi daban-daban na Gwamnatin Tarayya. Ya kasance Mataimakin Sakatare, Ma’aikatar Ma’adinai da Makamashi ta Tarayya a shekarar 1967-1968, Mataimakin Sakatare, Hukumar Kula da Ma’aikatan Tarayya ta shekara ta 1968-1969, Mataimakin Sakatare Ma’aikatar Masana’antu ta Tarayya shekara ta 1969-1971.
Ya koma ma'aikatar farar hula ta jihar NorthW Western a shekara ta 1971 a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Sakatare sannan ya koma ma'aikatar gwamnatin tarayya a shekara ta 1972 An tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Amurka, Washington DC a matsayin Attachmentment Attache daga shekara ta 1972–1975.
A shekara ta 1975, aka nada shi Babban Sakatare mai zaman kansa na Shugaban kasa (Janar Murtala Muhammad) kuma ya zama Babban Sakatare na Shugaban kasa (Janar Olusegun Obasanjo) daga shekara ta 1976-1979. Tsakanin shekara 1979-1980, ya kasance Sakataren Kudi na Waje, Ma’aikatar Kudi ta Tarayya kuma ya zama Janar Manaja, Hukumar Bunkasa Kogin Sakkwato-Rima a shekara ta 1980. Ya yi ritaya daga Ma’aikatan Gwamnati a wannan matsayin a shekara ta 1984 don shiga harkar kasuwanci sannan daga baya ya shiga siyasa.
Ya kafa kasuwancin noma MAZ aikin gona Enterprises Ltd a shekara ta 1984 wanda ya maida hankali kan aikin gona da MAZ Global Ventures Ltd wanda ya maida hankali kan cinikin kayayyaki.
Sauran mukaman da ya rike sun hada da Memba, Kwamitin Daraktoci, Kamfanin saka hannun jari na Sakkwato a shekara ta 1985-1987, Shugaban kasa, Kungiyar 'Yan Kasuwa ta Sakkwato, Masana'antu, Ma'adanai da Aikin Gona daga shekara ta 1986-1989, Kansilan aikin gona da albarkatun kasa, na karamar hukumar Yabo a 1986- 1989, Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tarayya, Kaura Namoda shekara ta 1986-1989, Sakataren Shiryawa, Majalisar Manoman Nijeriya shekara ta 1986-1989 da Memba, Majalisar Gwamnati, Jami'ar Jihar Sakkwato a shekara 2011 -2017.
Arzika ya kuma kasance memba na Kwamitin Dattawan Jihar Sakkwato da Turaki (Shehu Shagari) Kwamitin Dattawan Kasa.
Sana'ar Siyasa
Arzika ya shiga siyasa lokacin da ya tsaya takara kuma ya ci zaben don wakiltar Mazabar Yabo/Tambuwal ta Tarayya a Majalisar Wakilai a shekara ta 1988-1989 wanda aka gudanar don muhawara tare da amincewa da tanade-tanaden kundin tsarin mulki na komawa mulkin farar hula a shekara ta 1993 kasancewar Janar ya aura. Gwamnatin Ibrahim Babangida.
Arzika ya kasance Shugaban Jam’iyyar Solidarity Party (PSP), daya daga cikin jam’iyyun siyasar da suka nemi a yi musu rajista a lokacin da Janar Ibrahim Babangida ya fara shirye-shiryen mika mulki ga dimokuradiyya a shekara ta 1991, daga baya ya koma cikin jam'iyya Social Democratic Party (SDP).Arzika ya yi takarar kuma ya rasa kujerar Shugabancin Jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party ta kasa ga Ambasada Babgana Kingibe a watan Yunin shekara ta 1990.Ya kasance cikin Kwamitin Dattawan SDP har sai da Janar Sani Abacha ya soke shi a watan Nuwamba 1993.
Bayan gazawar Jamhuriya ta Uku tare da karbar mulki daga Janar Sani Abacha, ya zama memba na National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) da aka kafa a watan Mayu shekara ta 1994.Tare da Balarabe Musa da wasu kalilan a Arewa, sun yi gwagwarmayar tabbatar da dawowar mulki ga wanda ake zaton ya lashe zaben 12 ga Yuni 1993 Cif MKO Abiola har Abiola ya mutu a shekara ta 1998.
A shekarar 1998, Arzika ya hade da wasu gaggan ‘yan siyasa karkashin jagorancin Cif Solomon Lar wanda aka fi sani da G18 daga Arewacin Najeriya don neman Janar Sani Abacha da ya sauka daga mukaminsa ya dawo da Najeriya ga mulkin farar hula. Daga baya kungiyar ta fadada har ta hada da wasu fitattun ‘yan siyasa daga Kudancin Najeriya (G34) karkashin jagorancin tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Alex Ekwueme kuma ta ci gaba da hargitsi. Tare da mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani na Abacha da Abiola, sabon Shugaban kasa Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar ya ba da sanarwar cewa Sojoji za su mika mulki ga farar hula a watan Mayun 1999 kuma harkokin siyasa suka ci gaba. Daga nan G34 ya fadada ya zama kungiyar hadin kan Najeriya wacce ta zama Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). Arzika ya zabi ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Sakkwato don shirya jam'iyyar kuma shi ne Shugabanta na Jiha na farko. Jam’iyyar dimokradiyyar mutane (PDP) ce ta lashe zaben shugaban kasa a shekarar 1999 kuma dan takarar ta- tsohon shugabanta Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya dawo kan mulki.
Ministan Sadarwa
A watan Yunin shekara ta 1999 aka nada Arzika a matsayin Ministan Sadarwa a gwamnatin Obasanjo ta farko.Ya buga manufofin sadarwa na yau da kullun a cikin watan Mayu shekara ta 2000. Gabanin fitar da manufofin a hukumance, Arzika ya ce sauye-sauyen za su taimaka wa Najeriya kara layuka miliyan biyu tsayayyu da miliyan 1.2 a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. A lokacin,Nijeriya tana da layukan waya da na wayar salula kusan 500,000 na yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 108.Manufofin sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa shekaru goma masu zuwa.
Yankin sadarwar a lokacin ya mallaki kamfanin sadarwa na Najeriya (NITEL).Kodayake an ba da damar Masu Sadarwar Sadarwa (PTO) su bayar da sabis, galibi ta amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya, PTOs sun yi korafin cewa NITEL ta hana su damar yin amfani da hanyar sadarwar, ko kuma sun kasa samar da isassun layukan, kuma an caje su fiye da kima. Da yake jawabi a watan Yunin shekara ta 2000, Manajan Daraktan NITEL Emmanuel Ojeba ya ce NITEL za ta magance wadannan matsalolin, kuma ta shirya fadada karfin hanyoyin sadarwa da layuka kusan miliyan daya a kowace shekara.
Arzika ya yi alkawarin samar da sabis na tarho a dukkan kananan hukumomin. A wajen taron bude taron Internet na Afirka karo na biyu a watan Satumban shekara ta 2000, Arzika ya ce gwamnatin Najeriya ta gano amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar ci gaban dukkan bangarorin tattalin arzikin kasar. Arzika ya tura don yantar da bangaren sadarwa. A farkon shekara ta 2001 Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya (NCC) ta yi gwanjon lasisi ga kamfanonin GSM masu jigilar wayoyin hannu. NITEL ta sami lasisi, da kuma Econet da MTN. Arzika ya kuma kafa hujja da fadada kamfanin NITEL don sauya shi zuwa "kamfani mai inganci, abin dogaro da fasaha don ba shi damar biyan bukatun gwamnati kan tsarin karba-karba da sayar da kamfanoni" A watan Disambar shekara ta 2000, Arzika ya ce shirye-shiryen sayar da kamfanin NITEL ya samu karbuwa a ciki da wajen kasar.
A watan Janairunshekara ta 2001 Shugaba Obasanjo ya amince da hadewar kamfanin NITEL da kamfanin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama mallakar M-Tel, sannan ya tabbatar da nadin Emmanuel Ojeba a matsayin Babban Shugaba. Har zuwa lokacin Ojeba ya kasance a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo kusan shekara guda. A watan Maris na 2001, Arzika ya ziyarci Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin tare da Ojeba tare da ganawa da takwaransa Mr Wu Jichuan, inda suka tattauna kan hanyoyin da kasashen biyu ke bi don tabbatar da saurin sadarwa. A watan Afrilu na 2001 Arzika ya ba da umarnin cire Ojeba daga matsayinsa na manajan darakta na kamfanin NITEL gabanin lokacin ritayar da ya shirya yi a watan Yunin 2001 a matsayin wani bangare na "tsarin sake karfafa kamfanin jiragen da ake sukar sa".
Rayuwar baya.
Bayan murabus dinsa daga Majalisar Ministocin Tarayya, Arzika ya yi ritaya daga siyasa ya koma harkar noma da kayayyakin masarufi a Sakkwato. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa memba na karamar hukumar Sokoto da Tambuwal. Ya kasance memba mai himma a Gidauniyar Bunkasa Ilimi ta Jihar Sakkwato, Majalisar Gudanarwar Jami’ar Jihar Sakkwato da Majalisar Raya Ilimi ta Tambuwal.Arzika ya taimaka sosai wajen kafa Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Mata ta Tambuwal da Makarantar Makaranta ta Tambuwal.
Arzika ya kasance dan wasa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, Shugaban kungiyar Rukuni na Jihar Sakkwato kuma dan tseren keke har sai da rauni ya tilasta masa yin ritaya daga wasan a 1999. Duk da rauni na kashin baya wanda ya shafi wani sashi na kafarshi, ya kasance mai himmar ninkaya. Ya karanta sosai kuma ya zagaya duniya. Ya ci gaba da rayuwa har zuwa lokacin da ya sami matsalar zuciya a cikin 2015 kuma ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan haka.
Arzika ya auri Fatima (Inno) diyar tsohon shugaban kasa Shagari wacce ta haifa masa yara shida; ta mutu a 2007. Ya auri Hadiza (Yar Mafara) sun haifi yara bakwai; ta mutu a hatsarin jirgin saman ADC na 2006. Daga baya ya auri Sadiya da Amina. Ya bar 'ya'ya 12 (ɗayan ya mutu a haɗarin jirgin saman ADC) da jikoki da yawa.
A 1979 ya sami lambar yabo ta Jami'in Order of the Federal Republic (OFR).
Bayani
"PDP's Men of Power". ThisDay. 10 November 2001. Archived from the original on 2 December 2005. Retrieved 23 April 2010. Eghosa E. Osaghae (1998). Crippled giant: Nigeria since independence. Indiana University Press. pp. 217, 300. ISBN 0-253-21197-2. "OBASANJO HIRES & FIRES". NDM DEMOCRACY WATCH 1999/03. NIGERIAN DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT (NDM). 1 July 1999. Retrieved 22 April 2010. "National Policy on Telecommunications" (PDF). Ministry of Communications. May 2000. Retrieved 22 April 2010.[dead link] "NIGERIA: IRIN News Briefs, 27 October". IRIN. 27 October 1999. Retrieved 22 April 2010. Nnamdi Ojiego (16 March 2010). "Review NCC, NBC Acts to Conform with Convergence, Bolarinwa Charges Federal Govt". Vanguard. Retrieved 22 April 2010. Paul Polishuk (ed.). "Africa Telecom Monthly Newsletter". Information Gatekeepers: 5. Retrieved 5 May 2010. Francis Ugwoke (11 January 2001). "2001: Nigeria's Year of Hope for Telecoms Development". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 10 December 2004. Retrieved 22 April 2010. "Nigeria Cites Importance of Telecommunications to Economic Growth.(Brief Article)". Africa Telecom. 1 September 2000. Retrieved 22 April 2010. Godwin Haruna (18 September 2002). "Breaking Barriers With Telecommunication". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 27 November 2005. Retrieved 22 April 2010. Francis Ugwoke (17 January 2001). "Can NITEL Interconnect the Digital Mobile Operators?". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 13 January 2005. Retrieved 22 April 2010. Yinka Olusanya (December 2000). New Telecoms Policy Signals Nitel Privatization. Africa telecom newsletter. Information Gatekeepers Inc. ISSN 1531-4855. "Ojeba: Proving the Sceptics Wrong". ThisDay. 25 February 2001. Archived from the original on 7 January 2005. Retrieved 5 May 2010. Samuel Famakinwa (29 March 2001). "Telecoms Policy Designed to Benefit Nigerians, Says Arzika". ThisDay. Retrieved 5 May 2010.[permanent dead link] Samuel Famakinwa and Tayo Ajakaye (6 April 2001). "FG Removes NITEL MD". ThisDay. Retrieved 22 April 2010.[permanent dead link] Reuben Muoka & Yinka Olusanya (6 April 2001). "Government Retires Nitel MD". Vanguard. Retrieved 5 May 2010. Samuel Famakinwa. "NITEL Explains Role in Alleged Contracts Inflation, Exonerates Arzika". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 13 September 2005. Retrieved 22 April 2010. "Ministers and Chief Economic Adviser to Obasanjo 'Resign'". AllAfrica. 13 June 2001. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
Daphney Hlomuka
Daphney Hlomuka (1949 - 1 Oktoba 2008) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gidan talabijin a Afirka ta Kudu, ƴar fim da ma'aikaciyar rediyo da wasan kwaikwayo. A kan ƙaramin allo, wataƙila Hlomuka an fi saninta ga masu sauraro saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin MaMkhize (Mrs Mhlongo) a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin, Hlala Kwabafileyo, kuma a matsayin Sis May a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, S'gudi S'naysi, gaban Joe Mafela.
Wasan fim
Ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a Durban a shekarar 1968, kuma an ɗauke ta a matsayin mai goyon bayan marubucin Durban, Barka da Msomi. Kyaututtukan gidan wasanninta na farko sun haɗa da wasanni a cikin wasannin kwaikwayo na Msomi guda biyu: Qombeni da Umabatha, wanda shine daidaitawar Zulu na Macbeth na William Shakespeare. Umabatha ta zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Msomu. Hlomuka ta yi aiki a wasannin rediyo na yaren Zulu a tsakanin wucin gadi tsakanin Qombeni da Umabatha.
Ta bar Afirka ta Kudu a takaice a cikin shekarun 1970 don zagaya tare da 'yan wasan Ipi Tombi a Turai. A tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970, rawar da ake nunawa akan allo ko dandamali ga 'yan wasan baƙar fata a Afirka ta Kudu galibi suna da wahalar samu saboda wariyar launin fata. Hlomuka sau da yawa yana fitowa daga allo a matsayin ɗan wasan rediyo a cikin shahararrun jerin wasannin Zulu.
fina-finai
Ta kuma fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na 1980, S'gudi S'naysi, a gaban fitaccen jarumi, Joe Mafela. Mafela ya kwatanta mai haya, S'dumo. Hlomuka hali, Sis May, ita ce S'dumo mai kyakkyawar niyya, mai gida mai haƙuri. Jerin ya shahara yayin gudanar da shi.
Fim ɗin Hlomuka da lambar yabo ta talabijin sun kai shekarun 1980, 1990 da 2000 (shekaru goma). Ta fito a fim ɗin 1995, Soweto Green a matsayin baiwa da mai aikin gida mai suna Tryphina, gaban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo John Kani. Ta kuma ta fito a matsayin Sarauniya Ntombazi a cikin ministocin gidan talabijin na Afirka ta Kudu na 1986, Shaka Zulu. Ta kuma yi tauraro akan jerin SABC 1 Gugu no Andile, a matsayinta na goggo. Ta kuma bayyana a cikin jerin shirye -shiryen talabijin na 1996, Tarzan: The Epic Adventures.
Sabbin rawar da ta taka kwanan nan sun haɗa da Rhythm City, da kuma rikice -rikicen yaren Nguni na bala'in soyayya na Shakespearean, Romeo da Juliet.
Web Design Department
Wannan bangaren ana koyar da yadda ake kirkiran shafi a yanar gizo (Website). ana bayar da horo ne da: wainnan suma ana koyara dasu a wata uku ne kacal. da wannan horon mutum yana iya kirkiran tashi sahin na yanar gizo.
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai ta Ƙasa (Afirka ta Kudu)
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai ta Kasa (NUM) galibi ƙungiya ce mai alaƙa da masana'antar ma'adinai, ƙungiyar ma'aikata tare da manufofi ta hanyar ma'aikata, a Afirka ta Kudu. Tare da mambobi 300,000 a shekarar 2014, ita ce babbar ƙungiya ta Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).
Iquo Inyang Minimah
Iquo Inyang Minimah lauyae Najeriya ce kuma ƴar siyasa mace daga jihar Akwa Ibom.
Sana'a
Ta wakilci al'ummar Ikono/Ini a jihar Akwa Ibom a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003. An sake zaɓen Minimah a wa’adi na biyu wanda ya kai har shekara ta 2007.
A cikin shekarar 2011, ta tsaya takarar majalisar dattawa a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar All Progressive Congress amma ta sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani.
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai ta Ƙasa (Afirka ta Kudu)
Tarihi
NUM ta yi nasarar kamfen a cikin shekarun 1980s don ƙarshen tsarin ajiyar aiki, tsarin da ya tabbatar da cewa an ba da ayyukan da aka fi biyan kuɗi ga fararen fata. Kungiyar ta kasance mai kafa kungiyar Congress of South African Trade Unions a shekarar 1985. A shekara ta 2001, ta shagaltar da Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Ginin da Allied, yayin da a cikin 2021 ta shagamar da Kungiyar 'Yancin Metalworkers ta Afirka ta Kudu.An kammala hadewar a cikin 2021.
NUM tana da alaƙa da duniya tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Chemical, Energy, Mine da Janar Workers' Unions.
Yajin aikin 2007
A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, kungiyar ta shiga yajin aiki don nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin aiki a ma'adinan Afirka ta Kudu. Yajin aikin ya samo asali ne daga hauhawar mutuwar ma'aikata daga 2006 zuwa 2007, duk da shirin gwamnati a watan Oktoba don rage mutuwar. Kasa da kashi 5% na ma'aikatan ma'adinai sun zo aiki a wannan rana.
Yunkurin yajin aiki na 2012
A ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, dubban mambobin NUM sun fara jerin yajin aiki a ma'adinan Lonmin na Marikana da ke da alaƙa da buƙatun kara albashi. Kashegari, shugabannin NUM sun yi zargin sun bude wuta a kan mambobin NUM da ke tafiya zuwa ofisoshin su don neman tallafi daga ƙungiyarsu - abin da ya faru yanzu ya zama abin tashin hankali na farko a lokacin yajin aikin. An ce a cikin kafofin watsa labarai cewa kisan ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai biyu ya kasance babban dalilin rushewar amincewa a cikin ƙungiyar tsakanin ma'aikata. A cikin gabatarwar ga Hukumar Farlam, NUM ta ce an tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da karfi mai kisa a wannan rana.
A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 'yan sanda sun bude wuta a kan wani rukuni na masu hakar ma'adinai da suka taru a kan tudu kusa da Nkaneng, akalla mutane 34 ne suka mutu a Marikana, 78 sun ji rauni kuma an kama 259. Masu hakar ma'adinai suna ɗauke da machetes kuma sun ki amincewa da bukatar da za a yi wa su kwashe makamai. A cewar Majalisa ta Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu, 'yan sanda sun fara amfani da iskar hawaye, bindigogi na ruwa sannan suka yi amfani da "harsashi masu rai". An yi la'akari da kisan kiyashi a ko'ina cikin kafofin watsa labarai tare da 'yan sanda, Lonmin da NUM kanta ana zargin su.
Ru'ya ta Yohanna game da abin da ya faru wanda ya fara da bincike na ilimi sannan ya biyo bayan rahoto na Greg Marinovich ya nuna cewa yawancin kashe-kashen sun faru ne daga kyamara mintuna da yawa bayan an rubuta wasu kashe-kisan a talabijin.
A cewar New York Times, "Frans Baleni, babban sakatare na National Union of Mineworkers, ya kare 'yan sanda a wata hira da Kaya FM, tashar rediyo" yana cewa "' yan sanda sun yi haƙuri, amma waɗannan mutane suna da makamai masu haɗari sosai".
Say (gari)
Say gari ne, da ke a yankin Tillabéri, a ƙasar Nijar. Shi ne babban birnin sashen Say. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2011, jimilar mutane 61 960 ne.
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai ta Ƙasa (Afirka ta Kudu)
Yunkurin yajin aiki na 2012
Harbin ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi munin da hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu suka yi tun ƙarshen zamanin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Baleni da sauran jami'an NUM sun kuma zargi 'dakarun uku' da kasancewa a bayan yajin aikin Marikana.
Say (gari)
Bayanai
Akwai tsohuwar kwaleji mai shekaru 40 a Say, makarantarv (Collège d'enseignement secondaire), mai maluma tara da dalibai 675. Akwai ma'adanai na karkashin kasa sosai a garin. Sannan akwai hanyar jirgin kasa da ya taso daga kasar Benin zuwa Niamey.
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai ta Ƙasa (Afirka ta Kudu)
Rashin goyon baya
An yi jayayya cewa an yi fice daga NUM. A cewar Mai Shari'a Malala, a rubuce a cikin The Guardian, "NUM ta rasa duk abin da za a iya gaskatawa kuma tana zubar da jini. Sakataren da aka riga aka biya shi, Baleni, an ba shi karin albashi sama da 40% a shekarar da ta gabata kuma jimlar albashi ya fi R105 000 a wata. Shugabannin NUM sun ki fita daga motocin 'yan sanda don yin magana da ma'aikata. Wasu kuma sun yi jayayya cewa lambobin membobin NUM sun karu kuma, yanzu, sakamakon yajin aiki a Arewa maso Yamma, membobinta na iya tsayawa a kusa da 150,000.
Wasu sun yaba da kungiyar. Wani edita a cikin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ya ce "NUM shine mai tunani, wanda ake la'akari da zuciyar ƙungiyar a nan... Yana godiya da kuma darajar masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni masu karfi. "
Kungiyar masu adawa da kungiyar ma'aikata da gine-gine (AMCU) ta karu da mambobi tun bayan harbe-harbe na Marikana kuma yanzu tana wakiltar sama da 40% na ma'aikata a Amplats da 70% a Lonmin.
Banditry
Ma'anoni
Kalmar ɗan fashi (wanda aka gabatar da Ingilishi ta hanyar Italiyanci kusan 1590) ya samo asali ne daga farkon aikin shari'ar Jamus na haramtattun masu laifi, wanda ake kira *bannan ( haramcin Ingilishi). Kalmar doka a Daular Roman Mai Tsarki ita ce Acht ko Reichsacht, wanda aka fassara shi da " haramtacciyar sarauta ". A cikin Italiyanci na zamani kalmar daidai "bandito" a zahiri tana nufin haramtacce ko wanda aka hana.
The New English Dictionary kan Historical Principles (Ned) ayyana "ɗan fashi" a 1885 a matsayin "wanda aka proscribed ko haramta . Saboda haka, a m matsananciyar marauder, a brigand : yawanci amfani da mambobi ne na shirya gangs wanda infest da duwatsu gundumomi na Italiya, Sicily, Spain, Greece, Iran, and Turkey ”.
A cikin amfani na zamani kalmar na iya zama ma'anar "ɓarawo", saboda haka kalmar " ɗan fashi da makami ɗaya " don injin caca wanda zai iya barin mai caca ba tare da kuɗi ba.
Dan fashi na zamantakewa
"' Yan ta'adda na zamantakewa " kalma ce da ɗan tarihi Eric Hobsbawm ya ƙirƙira ta a cikin littafinsa na dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da tara 1959 Primitive Rebels, nazarin shahararrun nau'ikan juriya wanda shima ya haɗa halayen da doka ta bayyana a matsayin haramtacce. Ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa filin a cikin Nazarin 'Yan fashi na dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da tara 1969. Rikicin barayi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari wanda ya faru a cikin al'ummomi da yawa a cikin tarihin da aka yi rikodin, kuma har yanzu akwai nau'ikan ɓarna na zamantakewa, kamar yadda ya nuna ta hanyar fashin teku da ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka. Daga baya masana kimiyyar zamantakewa sun kuma tattauna yadda ake amfani da kalmar don ƙarin nau'ikan laifuka na zamani, kamar ƙungiyoyin titi da tattalin arziƙin da ke da alaƙa da fataucin muggan kwayoyi.
Lokacin Medieval
Paparoma Sixtus na V ya kashe kimanin yan bindiga dubu biyar 5,000 a cikin shekaru biyar kafin mutuwarsa a dubu daya da dari biyar da casa'in 1590, amma akwai ƙarin dubu ashirin da bakwai 27,000 a cikin 'yanci a duk tsakiyar Italiya.
Nazi Jamus
A cikin Nazi Jamus, koyarwar Bandenbekämpfung ("yaƙin 'yan fashi") yana nufin cewa an nuna abokan adawar jam'iyyar Nazi a matsayin "' yan fashi" - masu laifi masu haɗari waɗanda ba su cancanci la'akari da su a matsayin mutane ba. Duk wani 'yan adawa da aka kamo yawancinsu na da matsakaicin karfi da kuma, hakan yaja da tare da kisan fararen hula da suke zaune a killatattun yankunan partisan.
Kasar China
Banditry (Dao, qiangdao) a cikin Ming China dubu daya da dari uku da sittin da takwas zuwa dubu daya da dari shida da arbain da hudu (1368 - 1644) gwamnatin Ming ta ayyana shi a matsayin “'fashi da karfi' wanda hukuncin kisa ne”. Amma a cikin daular, mutane sun shiga aikin 'yan fashi don dalilai daban -daban kuma aikin ɗan fashi yana da ruwa kuma na ɗan lokaci.
Dalilai da Dama
Ming China galibi al'umma ce ta aikin gona kuma masu sa ido na zamani sun lura cewa yunwa da wahalar da ke biyo baya kan haifar da fashi. A cikin littafinsa na dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991 Rashin Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Sama: Rikicin gama -gari a daular Ming, James W. Tong yana amfani da bayanai daga gazetteers na lardin da na lardin Ming da daular Qing don nazarin tsarin tashin hankali a lokacin daular Ming. Tong yayi nazarin cewa dole manoma su yi "zaɓin hankali" tsakanin tsira da mawuyacin yanayi da tsira ta hanyar ayyukan haram na 'yan fashi. Ya gano muhimman abubuwa da yawa a cikin lissafin manoma na ko su zama 'yan fashi ko a'a, kamar ikon gwamnati na hukunta' yan fashi. Tong ya kammala da cewa "ƙirar zaɓin sa mai hankali ya yi hasashen cewa za a sami ƙarin tawaye da 'yan fashi inda yuwuwar tsira da wahala ta kasance kaɗan amma yuwuwar rayuwa a matsayin mai ƙetare iyaka ce mafi girma." A sakamakon haka, Tong ya gano cewa 'yan fashi, kamar sauran nau'ikan tashin hankalin gama gari, yana da yanayin sarari da na ɗan lokaci. Yan fashi sun mamaye ko'ina a lardunan kudancin (galibi Guangdong da Fujian) da rabi na daular dubu daya da dari biyar da shida zuwa dubu daya da dari shida da arba'in da hudu (1506-1644).
Koyaya, Arewacin China da tsakiyar Ming (1450 - 1525) suna da rabonsu na fashi. Bandan fashi da makami sun kasance babba da yaɗuwar ofan fashin da ke addabar hanyoyi a kusa da babban birnin Beijing da kewayenta, ana sarrafa su kuma ana kiransu da Babban Birnin. Xiangmazei ('yan fashin kibiya masu busawa) wani rukuni ne na' yan fashin da aka saka mai suna bayan aikinsu na harba kibiyoyi don fadakar da wadanda abin ya shafa. Itsan bindiga masu harba iska sun dami yankin Babban Birnin a cikin shekaru talatin na farko na ƙarni na sha shida. Sun yi irin wannan babbar barazanar cewa an ba su kulawa ta musamman ta 'yan sanda kuma rashin kama su a kan lokaci ya haifar da hukunci mai tsanani (ana iya samun ƙarin bayani kan tsarin shari'ar Ming a Tarihin shari'ar manyan laifuka).
Masanin tarihin Ming David M. Robinson ya gano wasu fitattun abubuwan da ke haifar da fashi a Yankin Babban Birnin. Yankin ya kasance talaucin aikin gona saboda ambaliyar ruwa akai -akai, don haka manoma ke rayuwa cikin talauci. Bugu da ƙari, tattalin arzikin Yankin ya ba da dama mai yawa na satar manyan hanyoyi. Baya ga bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin Beijing, Yankin ya kuma kunshi biranen kasuwanci da yawa; wadannan garuruwa ba wai kawai sun ja hankalin 'yan kasuwa ba har ma da' yan fashi. Har ila yau, Robinson ya yi nuni da cewa babba da yawa a Beijing sun koma yin fashi. Kamar yadda Shih-Shan Henry Tsai ya yi bayani, jefa kai kawai wata hanya ce ta kubuta daga talauci; kuma lokacin da gungun bābān ya kasa samun aikin yi a cikin gidan sarauta, sukan juya zuwa tashin hankalin jama'a.
Yankin Babban Birnin kuma ya ƙunshi sojoji da yawa tare da tsarin Ming na sojoji na gado kuma babban ɓangaren 'yan fashi ainihin sojoji ne da aka girke a yankin. A shekara ta 1449, sojojin Mongoliya da ke aikin Ming sun kai hari da kwace yankin Beijing. Wani rahoto na 1489 ya tabbatar da cewa sojoji sun kai hari a lardin Henan. Robinson ya yi nuni da cewa "matsanancin matsin tattalin arziki" ya tilasta wa sojoji amfani da haramtattun hanyoyi don yin rayuwa. Hakanan, manufofi da yanayi a Yankin Babban Birnin sun ba da dama ga sojoji/'yan bindiga su guji hukuncin gwamnati. A lokacin daular Ming, an raba ikon soja da na farar hula. Wannan ya kasance abin damuwa musamman lokacin da sojoji ke zaune nesa da manyan su: lokacin da sojoji suka yi fashi, jami'an farar hula ba su da ikon kama su. Manufar jigilar garuruwan da ke kusa zuwa Beijing don horon shekara -shekara ya kuma samar da damar yin fashi da makami. Wani jami'i ya ba da rahoton cewa sojojin da ke tafiya ta Babban Canal daga garuruwan da ke kusa da su zuwa babban birnin sun yi fashi da kisa kan matafiya da 'yan kasuwa; a kasa, wadannan sojoji sun fada cikin 'yan fashi ma.
Dabaru, ƙungiya, rayuwa, da haɗari
Dabarar yan bindiga ta ƙunshi dabarun yaƙi don amfani da makamai iri-iri, daga baka da kibiyoyi zuwa takubba. Wata muhimmiyar fasaha kuma ita ce doki/dawakai, musamman a yankin Babban Birnin Arewa, inda 'yan fashi da makami suka fi yawa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, da yawan yan fashi haƙiƙanin sojoji ne kuma suna da damar yin amfani da makamai. Wata fasaha ita ce iya tura tubalan hanyoyi don tsayawa da farautar matafiya.
Aikinsa ko asalin ɗan fashi ya kasance na dindin. Wasu 'yan fashi a zahiri sun sami kwanciyar hankali har ma sun yi aure. Veritable Records of the Ming Daular Ming ya ba da labarin cewa babban ɗan fashin nan Zhang Mao yana zaune a cikin wani babban gida a garin Wenan. Hakazalika, abokan Zhang Liu Brothers da Tiger Yang suna da mata da yara.
'Yan ta'adda galibi suna yin aiki a ƙungiyoyi a ƙarƙashin shugabanni ɗaya ko fiye. Waɗannan shuwagabannin masu kwarjini ba ƙwararru ba ne kawai wajen faɗa da hawa amma kuma sun mallaki jari da jari. Daya daga cikin jagororin abin koyi shine Zhang Mao na Wenan. Ya tara dimbin mabiya kuma ta hanyar amfani da alaƙar sa da dukiyar sa, ya sami damar cin hanci da yin mu'amala da manyan fāda a kotun.
Tabbas, gwamnatin Ming ta yi amfani da hannu mai ƙarfi don murƙushe 'yan fashi. Kwamandoji da 'yan sanda na cikin gida ne ke da alhakin cafke' yan fashi, amma sarakuna kan aika da naurar musamman don shawo kan matsalar 'yan fashi. Ning Gao yana daya daga cikin masu tace 1509, kuma ya yi amfani da munanan hanyoyi kamar nuna kawunan da aka yanke da sassan jiki don kashe 'yan fashin da ke akwai da kuma tsoratar da wadanda za su iya. Ban da tserewa zuwa filaye masu wahala, 'yan fashi masu ƙarfi sun yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar su da manyan mutane a babban birnin don tattauna lafiya. A wani lokaci, mashahurin marubuci Zhang Zhong ya taimaki ɗan'uwansa da aka rantsar Zhang Mao don tattaunawa da kwamandan da aka aika don farautar 'yan fashin. Koyaya, irin wannan tallafin bai bada garantin rigakafi ba. Wani jami'i mai tasiri da ƙuduri, wanda manyan masu fada aji ko fadawa ke ba da karfi, na iya yin babbar barazana ga rayuwar 'yan fashi. Ta hanyar kai farmaki mai kyau, Ning Gao, abokin hulɗar wani babban mashahurin Liu Jin, ya sami nasarar raunata kuma ya kama Zhang Mao, wanda daga nan aka kai shi Beijing aka kashe shi.
Hanyoyin 'yan Fashi a nan Gaba
Duk da cewa 'yan fashin sun fuskanci hukuncin kisa, har yanzu ana iya sanya su cikin tsarin mulki, suna aiki a matsayin' yan sanda na gida da sojoji na sirri da jami'ai ke aiki da su don samun tsari da murkushe 'yan fashi. Irin wannan canjin ba na dindindin bane kuma ana iya juyawa sau da yawa. Tiger Yang ya taɓa yin hidimar soja na sirri na Ning Gao da aka ambata kafin ya koma ɗan fashi; Hakazalika, lokacin da ake fuskantar rashin aikin yi, wasu daga cikin tsoffin 'yan fashi na Ning sun shiga cikin shugabannin' yan fashi Liu Brothers.
Aikin bandit yan ta'adda sau da yawa yakan jagoranci shugabanni don tara ƙarin yan fashi da yan gudun hijira da tsara kananan ƙungiyoyin farauta cikin ƙungiyoyin tawaye. Misali ɗaya shine Gao Yingxiang, wanda ya fara zama ɗan fashi a Shaanxi kuma daga baya ya zama babban jagoran 'yan tawaye a ƙarshen Ming. Wani misalin zai kasance Deng Maoqi, ɗan fashi a Fujian wanda ya yi fashi a kan hanyoyi da ƙauyuka a ƙarshen 1440s. Gangan ƙungiyarsa ta yan ta'adda sun girma zuwa rundunar 'yan tawaye kuma Deng ya kai hari kan gwamnati a Fujian. 'Yan tawayen' yan ta'adda ba kowa bane a ƙarshen Ming. A cikin dubu daya da dari biyar da goma 1510 da 1511, ƙungiyoyin 'yan fashi da yawa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Liu Brothers, Tiger Yang sun kai farmaki Shandong da Henan. Ayyukansu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba sun haifar da tawaye a bayyane ga Daular Ming yayin da suka mamaye biranen da ba a san su ba, suka kwace makamai na masarautar, faɗaɗa yankin aiki zuwa kudu, har ma sun ɗauki maganganu da suturar daular sarauta. Tawayen ya ɗauki Ming kusan shekaru biyu don murkushe.
Hakazalika, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin 'yan fashi na cikin gida na iya ƙarasa shiga cikin manyan kungiyoyin' yan tawaye. Robinson ya yi nuni da cewa a bayyane 'yan fashi sun fahimci fa'idar tallafawa yan tawaye amma kuma za a iya kore su su shiga; a sakamakon haka, 'yan tawayen na 1510 sun ja hankalin' yan fashi da yawa na cikin gida yayin da suke tafiya daga wannan wuri zuwa wani.
Yawon sace-sacen yan fashi yana daya daga cikin halayen da manoma suka saba gani na zalunci da wahala. A farkon Jamhuriyyar China, haɓakar rundunonin mayaƙan yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Mulki shima yana tare da ƙaruwa mai yawa na ayyukan 'yan fashi da ke amfani da rashin bin doka. Ya zuwa shekarar 1930, an kiyasta jimillar yawan ‘yan fashi miliyan 20.
Sabuwar Gini Papuwa
Sabuwar Gini Papuwa ko Papuwa Sabuwar Gini, ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Asiya. Sabuwar Gini Papuwa tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita araba'i 462,840. Sabuwar Gini Papuwa tana da yawan jama'a 8,084,999, bisa ga ƙidayar shekarar 2016. Sabuwar Gini Papuwa tana da iyaka da Indonesiya. Babban birnin Sabuwar Gini Papuwa, Potomosbi ne.
Sabuwar Gini Papuwa ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1945.
Komadugu Yobe
Kogin Yobe, wanda kuma aka san shi da Komadougou Yobe ko Komadougou-Yobe a harshen Faransa, wani kogi ne a Yammacin Afirka wanda ke kwarara zuwa tafkin Chadi ta hanyar Najeriya da Nijar. Mahadar wannan kogin ya hada da Kogin Hadejia, da Kogin Jama'are  da kuma Kogin Komadugu Gana. Kogin ya zama wani sashi na iyakar ƙasa tsakanin Nijar da Najeriya.
Akwai damuwa game da sauye-sauye a kan gudanar ruwan kogin, dangane da tattalin arziki da kuma tsabtace muhallin kogin, a halin yanzu shi ne Dam din Tiga a cikin jihar Kano, tare da shirin tattaunawa game da Dam din Kafin Zaki a cikin jihar Bauchi.
Manyan biranen dake kusa da kogin sun hada da Gashua, Geidam, da Damasak a Najeriya, da Diffa a Jamhuriyar Nijar.
Patricia Foufoué Ziga
Patricia Foufoué Ziga (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Maris 1972) 'yar wasan tseren kasar Cote d'Ivoire ce mai ritaya wacce ta kware a tseren mita 100.
Ta yi gasar tseren mita 100 a gasar Olympics ta shekarar 1992, amma ba ta wuce matakin zafi ba.
Ta kare a matsayi na shida a cikin tseren mita 60 a Gasar Cin Kofin Cikin Gida ta Duniya a shekarar 1993. Ta taba shiga gasar a shekarar 1991, amma ba ta kai wasan karshe a lokacin ba.
Kada
Kada (Crocodilia) dabba ce daga cikin rukunin dabbobi masu rayuwa a cikin ruwa wato Aquatic Animals.koma dabace mai hatsari domin tana eya kashie mitum cikin sauki, koma kada ta rabu kala,kala,
Patricia Foufoué Ziga
Mafi kyawun lokacinta shine daƙiƙa 11.48, wanda aka samu a watan Yuli 1990 a Montgeron.
Turare
Turare: Turare wasu chakuɗaɗɗun sinadarai ne masu ƙamshin daɗi. Waɗanda ake narke su gami da haɗe su guri ɗaya tare da ruwa, don su bada cikakken ƙamshin da ake so, da dai sauran gyare-gyare bayan an gama haɗa su ana amfani dashi turaren don ƙamsasa jiki, na mutane ko na dabbobi har da tufafi da masallatu da majami'u don samun gamsasshen ƙamshi. Shi Kuma Turare tun fil'azal ana amfani dashi kowane zamani da yadda suke yin nasu ya danganta da yanayin cigaban fasaha da ilimi. Misali yanzu yadda ilimi musamman na tekanolaji ya samu a duniya, ansamu babban ci gaba.
Ire-iren Turare
1. Akwai turare oyel (oil) 2. Akwai na jiki (body spray) 3. Akwai turaren hayaƙi na iche (insence) 4. Akwai turaren Humra na Amare da dai sauran su. Turare yanada muhimmanci sosai ga rayuwar Ɗan Adam babu addinin da ya haramta amfani da turare illa dai ma wasu Addinan sun maida shi a matsayin da sunna mai kyau, kamar Addinin Musulunci turare yanada muhimmanci sosai gareshi. .
Manazarta
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Apuleius
Apuleius masanin falsafa ne kuma mai iya magana da magana yana ƙoƙarin amfani da sihiri don cin nasarar tsohuwar amarya da wadata. An fi saninsa da labarinsa game da addinin Isis, labarin Cupid da Psyche, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na gwarzo, Lucius.
An haifi Apuleius a kusan misalin 125, a Madauros, Numidia. Ba a san menene sunansa na farko ba, kodayake marubuta a Tsakiyar Zamani sukan kira shi "Lucius Apuleius" saboda jarumin littafin nasa ana kiransa Lucius. Apuleius ya yi karatu a cikin Carthage da Athens, sannan ya zagaya Bahar Rum yana koyon al'adun addinai. A shekarar 158 ya gabatar da jawabin da aka naɗa a matsayin Apologia Apuleii Bincike na Apuleius' a garin Sabratha, Tripolitania ( Libya ta yanzu ), a matsayin kariya daga tuhumar amfani da sihiri don cin nasarar wata tsohuwar amarya da ake kira Pudentilla. Apuleius, a cikin Bincike, ya ba da hangen nesa cikin dokar Roman ta ƙarni na biyu, yanayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar Roman Arewacin Afirka, da kuma halayyar sihiri.
Apuleius ya mutu a kusan shekara ta 175 Miladiyya, bayan da ya rubuta littafinsa, wanda aka fi sani da The Golden Ass ko The Metamorphoses (kuma Transformations of Lucius), da Apology, da kuma littattafan Plato, Socrates, da Aristotle.
Kurege
Kurege (Xerus erythropus)
Ndidi Madu
Ndidi Madu (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Maris, 1989). Ƴar wasan ƙwallon kwando ce ta Najeriya haifaffiyar Amurka ce wanda ta buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙarshe ga Broni da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya.
Ayyukan kasa
Ta shiga  Women's Afrobasket 2017. ta sami matsakaicin maki 3.9 pts, 3.9 RBG da 1.6 APG a yayin gasar.
FIBA stats
A lokacin gasar FIBA ta Afrika ta mata a shekarar 2013, ta samu maki 9.3 a kowane wasa. A lokacin gasar cin kofin FIBA Africa na 2014 na zagayen karshe na kungiyoyin mata, ta samu maki 10, 3.3RPG, 0.8APG. A lokacin 2015 Afrobasket na mata; zagaye na karshe ta samu maki 8.1, 9.5 RPG da 0.6 APG. A gasar zakarun FIBA na mata ta 2015, ta samu maki 9, 5.8RPG, 1.1APG. A lokacin gasar cin kofin mata ta FIBA ta 2016, ta samu maki 7, 6.5RPG, 1APG. A 2017 Afrobasket na mata ta sami matsakaicin 3.9pts, 3.9 RPG da 1.4 APG. Ta kuma samu maki 7.2 da 7RPG da kuma 1.6 APG a gasar cin kofin zakarun na FIBA na mata na 2017 inda ta buga wa Interclube ta Angola.
Moors
Moors Musulmai ne mazauna yankin Iberiya, Sicily, sassan Kudancin Faransa, da Arewacin Afirka a Tsakiyar Zamani. A Turai, ana amfani da kalmar sosai don magana akan mutanen da kakanninsu suka kasance Arewacin Afirka.
Moors (Musulman Umayyawa) sun fito ne daga Arewacin Afirka da Siriya. Yawancinsu sun zo ƙasashen da ke yanzu Spain da Fotigal. Suna da tasiri sosai akan al'adun waɗannan ƙasashe.
Musulman Umayyawa su ne suka kame Al Andalus suka sa mata suna Al Andalus, Wanda ke nufin kasar masu barna.
Masallacin Bole
Masallacin Bole yana tsakiyar Bole a gundumar Gonja ta Yamma wanda a yanzu yake cikin yankin Savannah, a hukumance yankin Arewacin Ghana.
Tarihi
An yi iƙirarin cewa an gina shi a cikin karni na 17. Sauran abubuwan da suka faru na tarihi sun ba da shawarar cewa an sake gina shi a farkon karni na 20. An kuma yi iƙirarin a cikin al'adun baka cewa an gina shi a cikin karni na 18. An yi iƙirarin cewa jihar Gonjas ta fito a tsakiyar karni na 16 wanda ke cikin yankin Savannah. Ya haura zuwa gandun daji na wurare masu zafi zuwa arewa a Ghana ta yanzu. Al'adar baka ta yi ikirarin cewa asalinsa ya koma ga masu cin nasara na Mande waɗanda suka samo asali daga yankin Djenne saboda cinikin zinare kuma suka karɓe shi.
Alexandria
Alexandria ko Aleksandriya ko Aliskandariya birni ne, da ke a lardin Alexandria, a ƙasar Misra. Shi ne babban birnin lardin Alexandria. Bisa ga jimillar shekarar 2016, jimilar mutane miliyan biyar. An gina birnin Alexandria a karni na huɗu kafin haifuwan annabi Issa.
Kogi
Kogi karamar hukuma ce a jihar Kogi, Najeriya mai iyaka da jihar Neja da Kogin Neja ta yamma, babban birnin tarayya a arewa, jihar Nasarawa a gabas da kogin Benuwai zuwa mashigar ta da Nijar ta kudu. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Koton Karfe (ko Koton Karifi) akan babbar hanyar A2.
Amy Adams
Amy Lou Adams (an haife ta 20 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1974) 'yar wasan fim din Amurka ce. Ta shahara a fannin barkwanci da wasannin ban dariya, ta fito sau uku a cikin jerin manyan yan matan da suka fi karbar kudi a duniya. Kyaututtukan da ta samu sun hada da lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Awards guda biyu, bugu da kari ta samu wasu lambar yabon har sau shida da kyaututtukan fina-finai bakwai na kwalejin Burtaniya.
Kuruciya
Amy Lou Adams an haife ta ne a ranar 20 ga Agustan shekarata 1974, iyayenta Richard da Kathryn Adams 'yan asalin ƙasar Amurka ne, kuma a lokacin da mahaifinta ya kasance jami'i ne inda yayi aiki tare da Sojojin Amurka a rukunin sojoji na Caserma Ederle da ke Vicenza, Italiya. Ita ce ta tsakiya cikin yara bakwai da iyayensu suka haifa, tare da 'yan'uwa maza hudu da mata biyu. Bayan sun tashi daga wani sansanin sojoji zuwa wani, dangin Adams sun zauna a Castle Rock, Colorado, lokacin da take 'yar shekara takwas. Bayan barin soja, mahaifinta ya rera waka cikin kwarewa a wuraren shakatawa na dare da gidajen abinci.
Hoton Media da salon wasan kwaikwayo
Yayin da yake bayanin mutum na fuskar allo, Hadley Freeman na jaridar The Guardian ya rubuta a shekarar 2016 cewa "[tana] nuna matukar shagaltuwa, da gaske amma tana da alamar magana kai tsaye da zarar ta tafi".
Barewa
Barewa dabbache mai gudu wanda ake samu a daji
barewa nada dogon kafa da wiya
Danfara
Danfara:kalmace datake nufin twutarda dan uwa bayan ya amince dakai,wajen kwace mai wani abu.Teemausman (talk)
Mogogi Gabonamong
Mogogi Gabonamong (an haife shi a watan Satumba 10, 1982 a Mmutlane) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Botswana (dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa) mai tsaron gida kuma mai tsaron baya wanda yake taka leda a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu Bloemfontein Celtic da Botswana. A cikin shekarar 2011, Mogogi ya kasance dan wasa mafi girma da aka biya daga Botswana akan $354,000 ( USD ).
Aikin kulob
Lokacin da yake matashi ya yi gwaji tare da kulob ɗin Giants Premiership na Ingila Manchester United.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Tun lokacin da ya fara taka leda a Botswana yana da shekaru goma sha shida a 1999, Gabonamong ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na bangaren kasar.
Zainab Alwani
Zainab Alwani yar fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama ne kuma kwararriya a Amurka. Ita ce shugabar kuma mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin addinin Islama a Makarantar Divinity na Jami'ar Howard.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Zainab Alwani a birnin Bagadaza na kasar Iraki a shekara ta 1962  'ya ga Taha Jabir Alalwani ce. An kuma tilasta wa Alwani da danginta tserewa daga Iraki a lokacin tana shekara 7. Iyalansu suntafi Masar daga bisani Saudi Arabia.
Alwani matashiya ce tayi karatu a jami'ar musulunci ta Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud. Ta samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin shari'a ( Usulul Fiqh ) a jami'ar Islama ta kasa da kasa dake Malaysia. Alwani kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara zama malamar fiqhu a majalisar fiqhu ta Arewacin Amurka.
Alwani mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da yaran musulmai. Ta himmatu wajen ci gaba da tunanin mahaifinta da tsarin fiqhun tsiraru. Ta kware a fannin shari'a, karatun kur'ani, alakar musulunci da shari'a, da mata da iyali a musulunci. Yar uwarta ita ce Malamar Musulunci Ruqaia Al-Alwani. Hadia Mubarak ta bayyana Zainab da Ruqaia a matsayin wani bangare na ci gaban mata musulmai masu tafsirin Alkur'ani.
Nassoshi
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Kobamelo Kebaikanye
Sana'a
Kebaikanye ya fara aikinsa a kulob ɗin Molepolole New Town Highlanders a cikin KRFA Division One. Ko da yake ya zauna kaka daya kacal tare da bangaren Division One, ya burge Township Rollers kuma ya canza sheka zuwa gasar Premier a shekarar 2010. A nan ya yi sauri ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun fitattun fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar, musamman saboda takunsa mai ban tsoro da digowa a gefe. An ba shi aro ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta BDF XI na Premier League a kakar 2016 – 17 kuma an sayar da shi ga kulob ɗin Orapa United bayan dawowarsa.
Hajar Am-Dhaybiyya
Hajar Am-Dhaybiyya ( Larabci : هجر امذيبية) wani yanki ne da aka kafa tun zamanin masarautar Hadramawt a gundumar Nisab ta lardin Shabwah a Kasar Yemen. Gidan yanar gizon necropolis (100 m babba) ya bayyana abubuwa masu ban mamaki. Kodayake binciken ya tattara a cikin wani karamin yanki na yankin gaba ɗaya. An binne kaburbura guda huɗu kawai.
Shafin
An rarraba jerin birni zuwa matakai guda 5 dangane da manyan canje-canje na ginin shafin. Yanayin farko a saman tsauni yawanci ana yinsa ne da ƙarni na farko AD kuma an mamaye shi ta hanyar gini guda ɗaya wanda aka gina ta amfani da dabarun halaye na kudancin Arabiya na pre-Islamic. Roomaki ɗaya ne kawai a cikin tsari da shimfidar ƙasa mai wanzuwa. Ya kuma bayyana, daga ciko daga ƙasan filastar, cewa a wani lokaci, an sabunta ginin. Glacis (4-6 m wide) an kuma gina shi a kan shafin, duk da haka ko ya kewaye duk abin da ya fada ba a bayyane yake ba.
Idan aka duba daga farfajiyar necropolis, kaburburan sun bayyana tsawon shekaru da yawa. Kabari na 3 yana da kimanin kwanannin tsakanin karni na 1 zuwa karni na 4 AD. Kuma kayan tarihin da aka samo a wurin suna nuna tasirin fasahar Roman.
An binne kaburbura guda huɗu a cikin necropolis, amma kabari 3 guda ne kawai, kuma ya samar da kayan adon mai yawa. Wanda ya kasance na kowane mutum ne na sama, ko kuma soja kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar kasancewar makamai.
Kasabalanka
Kasabalanka birni ne, da ke a lardin Casablanca-Settat, a ƙasar Maroko. Shi ne babban birnin lardin Casablanca-Settat. Bisa ga jimillar shekarar 2016, akwai mutane miliyan huɗu da dubu dari biyu da saba'in da dari bakwai da hamsin (4,270,750) a Casablanca. An gina birnin Casablanca a karni na sha takwas bayan haifuwan annabi Issa.