cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Uqba ibn Nafi
A cewar wata tatsuniya, ɗaya daga cikin sojojin Uqba ya ci karo da wata kwalaben zinare da aka binne a cikin yashi. An gane shi a matsayin wanda ya bace daga Makka a shekarun baya, kuma da aka tono shi daga cikin yashi sai wani marmaro ya bayyana, ruwa ya ce ya fito daga rijiyar Zamzam mai alfarma da ke Makka. Wannan labarin ya kai ga Kairouan ya zama wurin aikin hajji sannan kuma birni mai tsarki ("Makka na Maghreb") kuma birni mafi mahimmanci a Arewacin Afirka.
A shekara ta 683 Uqba Sarkin Kirista na Berber Kusaila tare da abokansa na Rumawa sun yi kwanton bauna a yakin Vescera. An kashe Uqba tare da abokin hamayyarsa Abu al-Muhajir Dinar. Sojojinsa sun kwashe Kairouan suka koma Barca, ko da yake an sake kama shi a 688. Tashar jiragen sama ta Al-Watiya da ke Libya kuma ana kiranta da "Okba ibn Nafa Air Base" bayansa.
Bayanan tarihi
Edward Gibbon, yana nufin Uqba ibn Nafi a matsayin Akbah, ya ba shi lakabin "Mai nasara na Afirka," ya fara labarinsa lokacin da "ya yi tattaki daga Dimashƙu a kan shugaban Larabawa dubu goma masu jaruntaka; kuma ƙarfin gaske na Musulmai ya kara girma. ta hanyar shakkun taimako da kuma tuba na ƴan Barbari dubu da yawa.” Sannan ya zarce zuwa Arewacin Afirka. Gibbon ya ci gaba da cewa: "Zai yi wahala, kuma ba lallai ba ne, a gano sahihancin layin ci gaban Akbah." A bakin tekun Arewacin Afirka, "sanannen lakabi na Bugia, da Tangier sun bayyana ƙarin takamaiman iyakokin nasarar Saracen ." Daga nan Gibbon ya ba da labarin yadda Akbah ya mamaye lardin Romawa na Mauretania Tingitana :
Duk da cewa akwai guraben karatu da yawa akan rayuwa da cin nasarar ibn Nafi, yawancin ba a fassara su daga asali na Larabci zuwa Turanci ko Faransanci ba.
Ana María Peiró
Ana María Peiró 'yar wasan nakasassu 'yar kasar Spain ce wacce ta fafata a wasan ninkaya na Para. Ta lashe lambobin yabo takwas a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin bazara ta 1984, da kuma na nakasassu na bazara na 1988.
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin bazara na 1984, ta sami lambar zinare a tseren baya na mita 100 L4, malam buɗe ido na mita 100 L4, da kuma medley L4 na mita 200. Ta ci lambar tagulla a bugun ƙirjin na mita 100 L4, da kuma 100 freestyle L4.
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin bazara na 1988, a Seoul, ta sami lambar zinare, a cikin tseren mita 100 na baya 5, 100 freestyle 5, da 400 freestyle 5.
Ciwon ciki
Ciwon ciki, wanda kuma aka sani da ciwon ciki, alama ce ta rashin jin daɗi a ko'ina cikin yankin ciki. Za a iya zama a cikin daya daga cikin huɗun huɗun ko ciki ko kuma ya faru a fili. Wasu alamomi kamar tashin zuciya, amai, gudawa, ko makarkashiya na iya kasancewa. Ana iya raba shi zuwa jin zafi na fara farat ɗaya (m) da kuma jin zafi na dogon lokaci (na kullum).
Abubuwan da aka fi sani sun hada da gastroenteritis da ciwon hanji mai ban haushi. Kimanin kashi 15% na mutane suna da yanayin da ya fi muni kamar appendicitis, cututtukan gallbladder, rugujewar aortic aneurysm na ciki, perforated peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, torsion ovarian, volvulus, ciwon sukari ketoacidosis, diverticulitis, ischemic hanji, ko ectopic ciki. A jarirai necrotizing enterocolitis, vulvulus, da intussuception ya kamata a yi la'akari. A kashi uku na shari'o'in ba a san ainihin musabbabin hakan ba. Bincike na iya dogara ne akan tarihin bayyanar cututtuka, bincike, aikin jini, da kuma hoton likita. Ana iya yin ECG don kawar da bugun zuciya. Magani na iya hadawa da ruwan jijiya da sarrafa ciwo. Dangane da dalilin da yasa ana iya bukatar tiyata. Kimanin kashi 10% na mutanen da ke cikin sashin gaggawa suna can don ciwon ciki.
Doyin Okupe
Adedoyin Ajibike Okupe (an haife shi 22 Maris 1952), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Doyin Okupe, likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Royal Cross  kuma shi ne Sakataren Yaɗa Labarai na National Republican Convention (NRC). An taɓa tsare shi a ƙarƙashin Janar Sani Abacha, kuma daga baya an hana shi shiga takara a zaɓen fidda gwani na United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP); daga baya, ya kasance ɗan takarar gwamna a jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a jihar Ogun.
Okupe ya kasance mataimaki na musamman kan harkokin yaɗa labarai da wayar da kan shugaban ƙasa Olusegun Obasanjo da kuma babban mataimaki na musamman kan harkokin jama’a ga shugaba Goodluck Jonathan.
Fage
An haife shi a ranar 22 ga Maris 1952 a Iperu a Jihar Ogun ta Najeriya,   Okupe ɗane ga Cif Matthew Adekoya Okupe, wanda ma’aikacin banki ne a bankin Agbonmagbe. ‘Yan uwansa su ne Kunle Okupe, Owo Okupe, Wemi Okupe da Larry Okupe, sai ‘yan uwansa mata Aina Okanlawon da Bisola Ayeni. Ya halarci Makarantar St. Jude da ke Ebute Metta a Legas, Kwalejin Igbobi da ke Yaba Legas da Jami'ar Ibadan da ke Ibadan a Jihar Oyo.
Aikin likita
Okupe ya yi aiki na wasu shekaru a asibitocin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, ciki har da asibitin St. Nicholas, Legas, kafin ya kafa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Royal Cross (wanda aka fi sani da Royal Cross Hospital) a Obalende, Legas, tare da abokan aikinsa, Dokta Seyi Roberts da Dr. Ladi Okuboyejo. Ya kasance Manajan Darakta (MD) na Royal Cross Medical Center.
A cewar Olusegun Osoba a wata hira da ya yi da jaridar The Nation a watan Yulin 2019 da jaridar The Nation (Nigeria), a daren ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 1994, Okupe da Dokta Seyi Roberts sun ceci ran mai tsaron ƙofarsa daga harbin bindiga da suka yi a kai.
Sana'ar siyasa
A lokacin Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta Biyu, Okupe ya kasance ɗan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam’iyyar NPN a zaɓen 1983 na ‘yan majalisar dokokin Najeriya.
A Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta Uku, Okupe ya zama Sakataren Yaɗa Labarai na National Republican Convention (NRC). Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wakilan NRC da suka lura da tattara sakamakon zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 1993 a hedkwatar hukumar zaɓe ta ƙasa.
A zuwan jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Najeriya a halin yanzu, an naɗa Okupe mataimaki na musamman kan harkokin yaɗa labarai da wayar da kan shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo. Daga baya, a shekarar 2002, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu neman tsayawa takarar gwamna a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party (PDP) a jihar Ogun, kuma ya kasance babban ɗan takara tare da Gbenga Daniel. A shekarar 2012, Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya naɗa Okupe a matsayin babban mai taimaka masa na musamman kan harkokin jama’a.
Samaila Bature Chamah
Birgediya Janar Samuel Bature Chamah ya kasance shugaban jihar Katsina a Najeriya daga watan Agusta 1996 zuwa Agusta 1998 a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Sani Abacha, sannan kuma ya yi mulkin jihar Kebbi daga watan Agusta 1998 zuwa Mayu 1999 a lokacin gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar, ya mika mulki. zuwa ga zaɓaɓɓen gwamnan farar hula Adamu Aliero a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1999.
Doyin Okupe
Sana'ar siyasa
Okupe ya kasance mai yaɗa labarai a lokuta daban-daban ga masu neman takarar shugabancin Najeriya a PDP, ciki har da Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan, Bukola Saraki da Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa Atiku Abubakar. A watan Yulin 2017, ya bayyana matakinsa na barin PDP ya koma jam’iyyar Accord Party, amma saboda ya amince ya zama shugaban kwamitin yaƙin neman zaben Bukola Saraki a zaɓen fidda gwani na shugaban ƙasa na jam’iyyar PDP na 2019, jam’iyyar Accord ta kore shi. a watan Satumba 2018. Daga nan ya koma PDP, kuma ya zama mai magana da yawun ƙungiyar yaƙin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Atiku Abubakar, ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar PDP a zaɓen shugaban Ƙasar Najeriya na 2019.
Samaila Bature Chamah
Ayyuka
Ya zama Manajan Darakta / Shugaban Kamfanin Falpas Ventures Limited da Wakilin Mujallar "My Africa" a Najeriya.
Doyin Okupe
Rayuwa ta sirri
Okupe ya auri Aduralere Okupe. Ɗaya daga cikin ‘ya’yansu Ditan Okupe.
Yayin da Okupe ya goyi bayan ɗan takarar PDP, Atiku Abubakar a zaɓen Najeriya na 2019, dan shi Ditan ya goyi bayan Muhammadu Buhari.
Samaila Bature Chamah
Mutuwa
Birgediya Janar (Deacon) Samaila Bature Chamah ya rasu a gidan wasan Golf na IBB da ke Abuja a shekarar 2007.
Doyin Okupe
Rayuwa ta sirri
A cikin Mayu 2020, an ba da rahoton cewa Okupe da matarsa, Aduralere sun gwada ingancin COVID-19 a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2020 kuma sun murmure.
A cikin Janairu 2021, dansa, Bolu Okupe, mazaunin Paris, ya fito a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi a shafinsa na Instagram.
Rigingimu da ƙararraki
A watan Agustan 2012 ne aka ruwaito cewa Okupe da kamfanoninsa sun fuskanci Hukumar Yaƙi da yi wa Tattalin Arzikin ƙasa Ta’annati (EFCC) da laifin ƙin aiwatar da kwangilolin gina tituna da aka bai wa kamfanoninsa a shekarar 2004 da Jihar Binuwai da kuma a 2005 ta Jihar Imo. Daga ƙarshe dai an cimma matsaya da jihar Imo, yayin da aka warware matsalar jihar Binuwai ta hanyar yin sulhu.
A watan Yulin 2016, an yi zargin cewa, Naira miliyan 702 daga cikin dala biliyan 2 da aka wa wure a cikin dala biliyan 2 na sayen makamai ko kuma Dasukigate a ofishin mai ba shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kanar Sambo Dasuki, EFCC ta gano Okupe. A ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 2019, EFCC ta gurfanar da Okupe a gaban wata babbar kotun tarayya da ke Abuja a kan tuhume-tuhume 59 da suka haɗa da karkatar da kuɗaɗe zuwa naira miliyan 702.
Bulama Bukarti
Audu Bulama Bukarti fitaccen mai sharhi ne a Najeriya, mai sharhi kan al'umma, hazikin jama'a kuma lauya mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam.
Binciken Bulama ya mayar da hankali ne kan kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara. Ya yi nazari kan kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a Afirka sama da shekaru goma, kuma ya rubuta kasidu da dama, sharhi, da ra'ayoyi kan tarihin ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, da dabarunsu; lalata da sake hadewar tsoffin mayaka; da mayar da martani ga COVID-19, gami da manufofin Harkokin Waje, Mai zaman kanta, Telegraph, CNN, Majalisar Harkokin Waje, Cibiyar Hudson, Ƙasa, da sauransu. An buga shi sau da yawa a cikin jaridun The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Telegraph, da Reuters, da sauransu. Ya yi hira da kafafen yaɗa labarai na BBC World Service, Sky News, France 24, Muryar Amurka, Al Jazeera, TRT World da sauran su.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Bulama ne a garin Bukarti da ke jihar Yobe a Najeriya, ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta Bukarti, Yobe, ya samu shaidar kammala karatun sa na Najeriya (NCE) a shekarar 2005, daga kwalejin ilimi Gashua, Najeriya. Ya halarci Jami'ar Bayero ta Kano tsakanin 2006 zuwa 2011 inda ya samu digiri na farko a fannin shari'a (Common & Islamic Law); A mataki na biyu na Upper, ya tafi Nigerian Law School inda ya sami horon aikin lauya kuma aka kira shi lauya a 2012.
A shekarar 2016 Bukarki ya samu digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Bayero ta Kano, kuma a halin yanzu yana Jami'ar SOAS ta Landan inda yake karatun digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a.
Sana'a
Bulama ya fara aiki a matsayin (Assistant Senior Accounts Officer II) a karamar hukumar Karasuwa ta jihar Yobe inda yayi aiki na tsawon shekaru goma wato daga 2003 zuwa 2013 a shekarar 2014 Bukarti ya zama malami a Jami’ar Bayero ta Kano ƙarƙashin sashin shari’a har zuwa 2018 a shekarar 2017 Bulama. Ya shiga Cibiyar Tony Blair don Canjin Duniya a matsayin Manazarci na Afirka kudu da Sahara, shi mai kare hakkin Dan Adam ne da Dokokin Aiki.
Bako ne na yau da kullun a tashoshi na Hausa da Ingilishi, gami da Muryar Amurka, BBC, Aljazeera da Deutsche Welle;  ya yi magana a Jami'ar Oxford da Chatham House;  Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar George Washington da sauran su.
Dam ɗin Kwena
Dam ɗin Kwena, haɗi ne dam ɗin nauyi da nau'in baka wanda ke kan kogin kada, kusa da Lydenburg, Mpumalanga, Afirka ta Kudu. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1984 kuma yana hidima ne musamman don dalilai na ban ruwa. An yi la'akari da yuwuwar haɗarin dam.
Aliyu Kama
Aliyu Adu Umar Kama  wanda aka fi sani da Aliyu Kama (an haife shi a 15 ga watan Yuli,1949) ya kasance gwamnan jahar Plateau (jiha), Najeriya daga watan Yuli 1988 zuwa watan Agusta 1990 a lokacin mulkin soji na janar Ibrahim Babangida.
Farkon rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Kama a karamar hukumar Hong (Nijeriya), a jihar Adamawa dan asalin kabilan Kilba. Yayi halarci Makarntar sakandari ta Gwamnati dake, Yola ta Arewa (1693-1968), ya kuma halarci makarantar horar da sojoji dake Kaduna (jiha) (1969-1972) da Army School of supply and transport, Ibadan, (1972).
Siyasa
Kama ya kasance dan takarar gwamna a Jihar Adamawa, Karkashin jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), a zaben shekarar 2007. A shekara ta 2009 yana daga cikin masu neman a samar da jihar Amana da za'a cira daga jihar Adamawa. A watan Yuli 2009, ya kasance Ciyaman na hukumar board of Federal Superphosphate Fertilizer company, Kaduna.
Zalunci da Hukuncin da ba'a saba ba
Hukunci mai tsanani da ba a saba gani ba jumla ce a cikin dokar gama-gari da ke bayyana hukuncin da ake ganin ba za a karɓa ba saboda wahala, raɗaɗi, ko cin zarafi da ake yi wa mutumin da aka sa wa takunkumi.
Yantumaki
Yantumaki gari ne dake karkashin karamar hukumar Dan-Musa a jihar katsina.
Zalunci da Hukuncin da ba'a saba ba
Tarihi
Ƙarshen bayanin Daniyel 3:19 a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Geneva (1576-1644) ya ce: “Wannan yana bayyana cewa da zarar azzalumai suka fusata, kuma da wayo suna ƙirƙirar azaba mai ban mamaki, haka kuma bayinsa suna girmama Allah. wanda ya ba su hakuri da dawwama ga zaluncin azabarsu, domin ko da ya kuɓutar da su daga mutuwa, ko kuwa don rayuwar duniya ta kasance mafi alheri." An fara amfani da waɗannan ainihin kalmomi a cikin Dokar Haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta Engila 1689. Daga baya kuma an karɓa wannan dokar a cikin Amurka ta daftari na takwas ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka (wanda aka amince da shi 1791) da kuma a cikin Tsibirin Leeward na Biritaniya (1798). Kalmomi makamantan haka, “Babu wanda za a azabtar da shi ko kuma a yi masa zalunci, ko cin zarafi ko wulakanci ko azabtarwa”, sun bayyana a cikin Mataki na 5 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Bil’adama ta Duniya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1948. Hakki A ƙarƙashin wani tsari na daban kuma ana samunsa a cikin Mataki na 3 na Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Turai (1950) da kuma a cikin Mataki na 7 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa ta Duniya kan ƴancin Bil Adama da Siyasa (1966). Yarjejeniyar ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da ƴanci (1982) ita ma tana ƙunshe da wannan haƙƙin a sashe na 12 kuma za a same shi a cikin Mataki na 4 (yana faɗar Yarjejeniyar Turai verbatim) na Yarjejeniya ta Muhimman Haƙƙin Tarayyar Turai (2000). Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin Mataki na 16 na Yarjejeniya ta Yaƙi da Azabtar da dan adam da sauran Mummunan dabi'u ko Hukunci (1984), da kuma cikin Mataki na 40 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Poland (1997). Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tsibirin Marshall, a sashe na shida na Dokar Hakkokinsa (Mataki na 2), ya haramta “zalunci da hukuncin da ba'a saba ba”, wanda ya bayyana da: hukuncin kisa; azabtarwa; "cin mutunci da wulakanci"; da “ciwon tara ko rashi.
Amurka
Kwaskwarima ta takwas ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana cewa "baza ayi mummunan hukunci da azabtar wa da ba'a saba ba ga mai laifi." Gabaɗayan ƙa'idodin da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta dogara da su don yanke shawara ko wani hukunci na musamman na zalunci ne ko a'a, mai shari'a William Brennan ya ƙaddara. A cikin Furman v. Georgia, 408 US 238 (1972), Justice Brennan dissenting ya rubuta, "Sa'an nan, akwai ka'idoji guda huɗu da za mu iya tantance ko wani hukunci na musamman shine 'm kuma sabon abu'." “Mahimmin tsinkaya” shinne. Kuma ya ƙara da cewa: "Ayyukan waɗannan ka'idoji, bayan haka, shine kawai samar da hanyoyin da kotu za ta iya tantance ko hukuncin da aka ƙalubalanci ya dace da mutuncin dan Adam. Don haka, suna da alaka da juna, kuma, a mafi yawan lokuta. lokuta, haɗin kansu ne zai tabbatar da cewa hukunci 'mummuna ne kuma sabon abu.' Jarabawa, to, yawanci za ta kasance mai tarawa: idan hukunci ya yi tsanani sosai, idan akwai yuwuwar yin shi ba bisa ka'ida ba, idan al'ummar wannan zamani ta ƙi amincewa da shi, kuma idan babu wani dalili na yarda da hakan. yana aiki da kowace manufa mafi inganci fiye da wasu hukunce-hukuncen da ba su da ƙarfi, sannan ci gaba da aiwatar da wannan hukuncin ya saba wa umarnin Sashe na cewa Gwamnati ba za ta iya hukunta waɗanda aka samu da aikata laifuka ba. Ya ci gaba da rubuta cewa yana sa ran cewa babu wata ƙasa da za ta zartar da wata doka a fili ta keta ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin, don haka hukunce-hukuncen kotu game da Kwaskwarima ta Takwas za ta ƙunshi nazarin "tari" game da abin da kowane ɗayan ƙa'idodin guda huɗu ke da shi. Ta wannan hanyar, Kotun Koli ta Amurka "ta kafa ma'auni cewa hukunci zai kasance mai tsanani da kuma sabon abu ga wanda yayi laifin, ya kasance mai saɓani, idan ya ɓata ma'anar adalci da ake so a tabbatar a cikin al'umma, ko kuma idan ya yi laifi. bai fi tasiri ba fiye da mafi ƙarancin hukunci.
Hukuncin kisa
A ƙarƙashin Hukuncin kisa Akwai tattaunawa mai yawan gaske game da ko kuma idan ana ɗaukar hukuncin kisa a matsayin zalunci da kuma sabon abu. Hukunce-hukuncen gama gari sune cewa hukuncin kisa ya fi tsada lokacin da ake ƙara ƙararraki da rayuwa a gidan yari, da kuma cewa gwamnati ta yi kuskure a baya kan hukuncin kisa (don haka, gwamnati na iya sake yin kwaskwarima, kuma bai kamata gwamnati ta sami ikon kashewa ba a rayuwa). Wadannan muhawara guda biyu kadai za su iya ko ba za su iya shiga cikin gwaje-gwajen da gwamnati ta yi ba, wanda kuma za a iya la'akari da ita a matsayin mai son rai, musamman ma idan ba a yi wa al'umma cikakken bayani kan wadannan muhimman bayanai ba. Ga mafi yawan tarihin da aka rubuta, hukuncin kisa ya kasance da gangan da gangan, mai zafi, da/ko wulakanci. Hanyoyi masu tsanani na kisa na tarihi sun haɗa da dabaran karya, rataye, zana da kwata, lallashi kafin mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar ƙonewa, kisa ta hanyar nutsewa, mutuwa ta yunwa, cututtuka, ƙeƙashewa, rushewa, gicciye, daskarewa, murkushewa, kisa da giwa, jifa, tarwatsewa, sarewa, yankan jinkiri, mikiya na jini, azabtar da bamboo da sarƙaƙƙiya. A cikin 2008, Michael Portillo akan wasan kwaikwayon Horizon ya yi jayayya cewa a cikin tabbatar da aiwatar da kisa ba dabi'a na zalunci ba ne, dole ne a cika waɗannan ka'idoji:
Alte Feste
The Alte Feste (English) wani sansanin soja ne kuma gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin garin Windhoek, A babban birnin Namibiya. Yana cikin titin Robert Mugabe, kusa da gidan tarihin tunawa da Independence Memorial.
Tarihi
Kyaftin Curt von François ne ya tsara ginin don zama hedkwatar mulkin mallaka na Jamus Schutztruppe (Rundunar sojan mulkin mallaka) a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Jamus na Afirka ta Kudu ta Kudu. An zabi wurin da Windhoek yake, wanda babu kowa kuma ya lalace gaba daya a wancan lokacin, saboda Jamusawa suna ganin zai zama wani yanki mai fakewa tsakanin kabilun Nama da Herero. Duk da haka, sansanin bai taɓa shiga cikin wani aikin soja ba.
An aza harsashin ginin a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba 1890 sannan Schutztruppe mai zaman kansa Gustav Tünschel. An sake fasalin ginin sau da yawa a cikin shekarun farko; Tsarinsa na ƙarshe ya ƙare ne kawai a cikin shekarar 1915. Ya ƙunshi farfajiyar ciki mai tsayin bango da masauki ga sojojin da ke ciki, da hasumiya huɗu. Alte Feste shine gini mafi tsufa a cikin birni wanda daga baya ya haɓaka kewaye da shi.
A cikin shekarar 1935 an yi amfani da katangar don ƙarin kwanciyar hankali lokacin da aka mayar da shi masauki don makarantar sakandaren Windhoek da ke kusa. Tuni ya lalace sosai, an ayyana shi a matsayin abin tunawa na kasa a cikin shekarar 1957. An gyara ginin sosai a cikin shekarar 1963.
A cikin shekarar 2010, an ajiye Reiterdenkmal, sanannen abin tunawa na dawaki na Windhoek a gaban Alte Feste. An cire shi kuma an sanya shi cikin ajiya a ranar Kirsimeti a cikin shekarar 2013.
Amfani
Ginin  yana ɗaukar tarin tarihi na National Museum of Namibia. An rufe Alte Feste kuma yana buƙatar gyara cikin gaggawa. An shirya mayar da ginin zuwa cibiyar fasaha, craft, da al'adun gargajiya.
Kamfanin Lamuni na C&I PLC
Kamfanin Lamuni C&I Leasing Group PLC wani kamfani ne na jama'a da ke yankin tekun Najeriya. An kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1990 a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa, ya zama kamfani na jama'a da aka lissafo a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya a 1997.
Bayani
Ana gudanar da kamfanin tare da sauran hanyoyin kasuwanci guda uku
C & I Fleet Management wanda ake gudanarwa tare da lamuni na mallakar mota kirar Hertz a Najeriya yana samun cikakken goyon baya daga cibiyar sabis na C & I da kuma hanyoyin sadarwar su na Citracks Telematics Solutions wanda ke sanya sashin Fleet Managementa matsayin tambari na musamman wajen gudanar da harkokin hada-hada.
Reshen kungiyar da ke Ghana; Leasafric Ghana PLC shine mafi girma a fannin samar da sabis na sarrafa jiragen ruwa a Ghana.
Sashen fitar da kayayyaki na C & I ya ƙware wajen fitar da albarkatun ɗan adam, hidimar daukar ma'aikata, biyan albashi da fitar da tsarin kasuwanci don ƙungiyoyi na musamman tare da cibiyar horar da SDS wacce ke mai da hankali kan haɓaka ƙwarewar ɗan adam ga abokan cinikin waje da sauran su.
An tsara rukunin C & I Marine don samar da hidima a kan teku da cikin gari don cin gajiyar damammaki da ke cikin gida da ake iya samu a Najeriya a shari'ance. Yana yin hayar jiragen ruwa da sarrafa jiragen ruwa bisa tsarin kwangila daga ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa dogon lokaci. Da farko ta hayar jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa na tsaro, da ke aiki a cikin Tekun Guinea da kogin Bonny. Kamar yadda ya bayyana a yanar gizo, kamfanin yana daukar ma’aikata kusan 4,500 a ofisoshi shida da ke Fatakwal, Benin, Enugu, Legas, Abuja da Ghana. Hakanan yana aiki a Ghana ta hanyar reshenta na Leasafric Ghana Limited da kuma cikin Daular Larabawa (UAE) ta hanyar reshenta na Epic International FZE.
Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya
Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya ( كأس الجزائر للسيدات  ), gasa ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar mata a Aljeriya. fafatawa da kungiyoyin yanki da juna. An kafa ta a cikin shekarar 1998. Kwatankwacin mata ne da gasar cin kofin Aljeriya ta maza. Wanda ya lashe gasar shekarar 2018 shi ne FC Constantine a karon farko.
Ben Baluri Saibu
Ben Baluri Saibu ɗan siyasan ƙasar Ghana ne kuma ɗan majalisa na farko na jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar West Mamprusi ƙarƙashin memba na National Democratic Congress (NDC).
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ben a shekarar 1949. Ya halarci Jami'ar Ghana inda ya samu digirinsa na farko a fannin Ingilishi da kuma Doka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya kafin shiga majalisar.
Siyasa
An rantsar da shi zuwa majalisar farko ta Jamhuriyya ta Hudu ta Ghana a ranar 7 ga Janairun 1993 bayan an bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara a zaɓen Ghana na 1992 da aka gudanar ranar 29 ga Disamba 1992.
Bayan ya shafe shekaru hudu yana mulki, Ben ya rasa takararsa a hannun abokin takararsa Susana Adam. Ta doke Stephen Sumani Nayina na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party (CPP) wanda ya samu kuri'u 8,761 wanda yayi daidai da kashi 17.70% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada, Amadu Sulemana na Babban Taron Jama'a (PNC) wanda ya sami kuri'u 3,833 wanda yayi daidai da kashi 7.70% na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada da Sulemana Wakaso Musah na Jam'iyyar National Convention Party (NCP) wanda ya samu kuri'u 938 wanda yayi daidai da kashi 1.90% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada a babban zaben Ghana na 1996. Susan ta samu kuri'u 23,021 wanda yayi daidai da 46.40% na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada. Bayan haka an zabe ta a ranar 7 ga Janairu 1997.
Haƙƙin hanya
Haƙƙin hanya shi ne "haƙƙin doka, wanda aka kafa ta amfani ko bayarwa, don wucewa ta wata hanya ta musamman ta filaye ko kadarorin wani", ko "hanya ko babbar hanyar da ke ƙarƙashin irin wannan haƙƙin". Hakanan akwai irin wannan haƙƙin samun na dama a ƙasar da gwamnati ke riƙe, filaye waɗanda galibi ana kiran su ƙasar jama'a, filayen jiha, ko kuma ƙasar Crown. Lokacin da mutum ɗaya ya mallaki ƙasar da ke kan iyaka ta kowane bangare ta filayen mallakar wasu, ana iya samun sauƙi, ko kuma a ƙirƙira don fara haƙƙin shiga ƙasar da ke kan iyaka Ko ƙarshenta.
Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali ne a kan samun shiga ta ƙafa, da keke, doki, ko ta hanyar ruwa, yayin da Dama-na-hanyar (shiri) ta mayar da hankali kan haƙƙin amfani da ƙasa don manyan tituna, layin dogo, da bututun mai.
Hanya ta ƙafa haƙƙin hanya ce wadda bisa doka kawai masu tafiya a ƙafa nebza su iya amfani da su. Titin bridle haƙƙin hanya ce wacce masu tafiya a ƙasa kawai, masu keke da dawaki za su iya amfani da su bisa doka, amma ba ta abubuwan hawa ba. A wasu ƙasashe, musamman a Arewacin Turai, inda 'yancin yin yawo a tarihi ya ɗauki nau'i na haƙƙin jama'a, ba za a iya taƙaita haƙƙin hanya zuwa takamaiman hanyoyi ko hanyoyi ba.
Madadin ma'anar
Ƙarin ma'anar haƙƙin hanya, musamman a cikin sufuri na ƙasar Amurka, shi ne nau'in sauƙi da aka ba shi ko aka tanada akan ƙasar don dalilai na sufuri, wannan na iya zama don babbar hanya, hanyar ƙafar jama'a, layin dogo, canal, da kuma watsa wutar lantarki. layuka, bututun mai da iskar gas.
Kalmar na iya bayyana fifikon zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, "haƙƙin doka na mai tafiya a ƙasa, abin hawa, ko jirgin ruwa don ci gaba da fifiko akan wasu a wani yanayi ko wuri". A cikin ladubban tafiye -tafiye, inda idan ƙungiyoyi biyu na masu tuƙi suka haɗu a kan tudu, al'ada ta taso a wasu wuraren da ƙungiyar ta hau tudu tana da haƙƙin hanya Ko hanyoyi.
New Zealand
Akwai fa'ida ga jama'a a ƙasar New Zealand, gami da hanyoyin ruwa da bakin teku, to amma "sau da yawa ya rabu kuma yana da wahalar ganewa".
Jamhuriyar Ireland
A cikin Jamhuriyar Ireland, haƙƙin masu tafiya a ƙasa na hanyar zuwa coci, da aka sani da hanyoyin jama'a, sun wanzu tsawon ƙarni. A wasu lokuta, dokar zamani ba ta da tabbas; A gefe guda, dokokin zamanin Victorian kan sauƙi suna kare haƙƙin mai mallakar dukiya, wanda kundin tsarin mulki na shekarar 1937 ya inganta, wanda ya ayyana cewa haƙƙin hanya dole ne a keɓe musamman don amfanin jama'a. Ana adawa da waɗannan, waɗanda ke da'awar haƙƙin gama gari na hanya harkar zuwa ga wani matsayi na ƙasa wanda ya ƙare yakin Land na shekara ta 1880s zuwa ƙarshen mulkin Birtaniyya a shekara ta 1922. Ana iya tabbatar da haƙƙin hanya ta hanyar mallaka mara kyau, amma tabbatar da ci gaba da amfani na iya zama da wahala. Shari'ar da aka ji a cikin shekarar 2010 game da da'awar a kan gidan gidan Lissadell ya dogara ne akan dokokin tarihi, tun lokacin da Dokar Gyaran Kasa da Bayar da Doka, a shekara ta 2009 ta gyara.
Dam ɗin Voëlvlei
Dam ɗin Voëlvlei, dam ne da ke yammacin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu kusa da garin Gouda. Katangar da ke cike da ƙasa ita ce 2910 m tsayi da 10 m babba. Tafkin yana da faɗin ƙasa 1524 ha kuma tana da ƙarfin 168000 Ml sanya ta zama tafki mafi girma na biyu a Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Western Cape. Ana ba da ruwa daga tafki zuwa ayyukan kula da ruwa na birnin Cape Town da gundumar West Coast Municipality, kuma ana iya fitar da su cikin kogin Berg don ayyukan noma ko don cike madatsar ruwa ta Misverstand.
An gina madatsar ruwa ta Voëlvlei a cikin shekarar 1952 don faɗaɗa ƙarfin tafkin Voëlvlei wanda ya samo asali a cikin yanayi na damuwa. Saboda tafkin yana da iyakacin wurin magudanar ruwa an kuma gina magudanar ruwan don samar da ruwa ga magudanar ruwa daga wata mashigar Nuwekloof a kan kogin Klein Berg. Don saduwa da ƙarin buƙatun ruwa daga Cape Town an ɗaga bangon madatsar ruwan a cikin shekarar 1969, kuma a cikin shekarar 1971 an gina magudanar ruwa ta biyu don samar da ruwa daga kogin Leeu da kogin Vier-en-Twintig, wanda ke zubar da Groot Winterhoek. Tun shekara ta 1734 gonar da madatsar ruwa ta Voëlvlei ta kasance ta dangin Walters ne, waɗanda suka fito daga Jamus. A cikin shekarar 1948 gwamnati ta ƙwace filaye da gonar don Tsarin Ban ruwa na Kogin Berg. Jihar ta biya diyya ga dangin Walters a cikin adadin £44,000 da kuma Vogelvlei Quarries (Pty) Ltd wanda ya sayi ragowar Voëlvlei a cikin shekarar 1946 a kan £48,000. Iyalan Walters ba su yarda da ƙwacen ba kuma sun ci gaba da daɗe da rigima da gwamnatin kishin ƙasa a lokacin. Bayan Afirka ta Kudu ta zama ƙasa mai mulkin demokraɗiyya a cikin shekarar 1994 ɗan tsohon mai Voëlvlei ya kafa da'awar filaye a ƙarƙashin Dokar Bayar da Gidaje.
Haƙƙin hanya
Jamhuriyar Ireland
Dokar ta shekarar 2009 ta kuma soke koyaswar bayar da tallafi na zamani, kuma ta ba mai amfani damar da'awar haƙƙin hanya bayan shekaru kusan 12 na amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa mai zaman kansa mallakar wani, shekaru 30 akan ƙasar jiha da shekaru 60 a kan gaba. Dole ne mai da’awar ya nemi kotuna, sannan a tabbatar da da’awarsu ta hanyar umarnin kotu, sannan a yi mata rajista da kyau kan takardun mallakar, tsari mai tsawo. Dole ne mai amfani ya tabbatar da "jin daɗi ba tare da ƙarfi ba, ba tare da ɓoyewa ba kuma ba tare da izini na baki ko a rubuce na mai shi ba", sake bayyana ƙa'idar tsohuwar ƙarni na Nec vi, nec clam, nec precario. Umarnin kotu da ke ba da haƙƙin hanya na sirri ne ga mai nema har tsawon rayuwarsa, kuma ba za a iya gadonsa ko sanya shi ba.
Ingila da Wales
A Ingila da Wales, ban da a cikin gundumomi kimanin guda 12 na ciki na London da birnin Landan, haƙƙoƙin jama'a hanyoyi ne waɗanda jama'a ke da haƙƙin Doka a Ingila da Wales ta bambanta da na Scotland a cikin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin hanya kawai suna kasancewa a inda aka keɓe su (ko kuma za a iya sanya su idan ba a rigaya ba) yayin da a Scotland duk wata hanya da ta dace da wasu sharuɗɗa an bayyana shi a matsayin dama ta hanya., kuma ban da haka akwai babban zato na samun damar shiga karkara. Hakanan akwai haƙƙin masu zaman kansu na hanya ko sauƙi.
Hanyoyi na ƙafafu, bridleways da sauran haƙƙoƙin hanya a yawancin Ingila da Wales ana nuna su akan taswirori na musamman. Taswirar taswirar taswirar taswira ce ta haƙƙin jama'a na hanya a Ingila da Wales. A cikin doka shi ne tabbataccen rikodin inda haƙƙin hanya yake. Hukumar manyan tituna (yawanci karamar hukumar gundumomi, ko kuma hukuma ta tarayya a yankunan da ke da tsarin bene daya) tana da aikin doka na kiyaye taswirar tabbatacce, kodayake a wuraren shakatawa na kasa hukumar kula da shakatawa ta kasa yawanci tana kula da taswira.
London
An tsara taswirorin taswirar haƙƙoƙin jama'a ga duk dan ƙasar Ingila da Wales a sakamakon Dokar Kare Kare da Haƙƙin Hanya ta shekarar 2000, ban da gundumomi goma sha biyu na ciki na London waɗanda, tare da birnin London, ba a rufe su ba. ta Dokar.
Dam ɗin Zaaihoek
Dam ɗin Zaaihoek, wani dam ne mai nau'in nauyi wanda ke kan kogin Slang a lardin Kwazulu-Natal na Afirka ta Kudu. Dam ɗin, wanda ke da ƙarfin 185,000,000 m3, an gina shi a shekarar 1988. Dam ɗin yana samar da ruwa ne don amfanin masana'antu da na birni. An sanya yuwuwar haɗarinsa a matsayi babba (3). Yana da 39.45 km (24.5 mi) dogon. An ɗan san shi da kamun kifi.
Haƙƙin hanya
London
An kaddamar da taron kaddamar da "Sanya London akan Taswira" a dakin karatu na Burtaniya, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin "Yankin Inner London na Ramblers yana aiki tare da ma'aikatan Babban Ofishin Ramblers don kokarin shawo kan kowane gundumomi na ciki na London a kan abin da ake so. na samar da tabbataccen taswirorin haƙƙin hanya".
Evelina El Haddad
Evelina Ghassan El Haddad ( ايفلينا غسان الحداد ; an haife ta a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta Shekarar 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Lebanon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar EFP ta Lebanon da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Lebanon.
Haƙƙin hanya
London
A cikin shekara ta 2011 Majalisar Lambeth ta zartar da ƙuduri don yin aiki don ƙirƙirar taswirar taswira ga gundumarsu, amma har yanzu wannan bai wanzu ba. Birnin London ya samar da Taswirar Samun Jama'a. Taswirorin taswira sun wanzu don gundumomi na waje na London.
Evelina El Haddad
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An kira El Haddad zuwa tawagar ' yan kasa da shekaru 15 ta Lebanon don gasar shekarar 2019 WAFF U-15 Girls Championship a Jordan.
Haƙƙin hanya
Hanyoyi masu izini
Wasu masu mallakar filaye suna ba da izinin shiga ƙasarsu ba tare da keɓe haƙƙin hanya ba. Waɗannan galibi ba a bambance su a zahiri da haƙƙin jama'a na hanya, amma ana iya iyakance su. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin galibi ana rufe su aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara, ta yadda ba za a iya kafa haƙƙin hanya ta dindindin a cikin doka ba.
Scotland
A Scotland, haƙƙin hanya hanya ce da jama'a suka sami damar wucewa ba tare da tsangwama ba na akalla shekaru 20. Dole ne hanyar ta haɗu da "wuraren jama'a" guda biyu, kamar ƙauyuka, coci-coci ko hanyoyi. Ba kamar a Ingila da Wales ba babu wani takalifi a kan ƙananan hukumomin Scotland don sanya hannu kan haƙƙin hanya. Koyaya ƙungiyar agaji ta Scotways, wacce aka kafa a cikin shekarata 1845 don kare haƙƙin hanya, rubutawa da sanya hannu kan hanyoyin. Dokar sake fasalin ƙasa (Scotland) ta 2003 da aka tsara a cikin doka na gargajiya, marasa motsi, hanyoyin samun damar ƙasa da ruwa. Ƙarƙashin Dokar shekarar 2003 an buga bayanin haƙƙoƙin harshe bayyananne ta Ƙarƙashin Halitta na Scottish: Lambar Samun Waje ta Scotland. An cire wasu nau'ikan filaye daga wannan zato na samun damar shiga, kamar filin jirgin ƙasa, filayen jirage da lambuna masu zaman kansu.
Evelina El Haddad
Rayuwa ta sirri
El Haddad yayi karatu a Collège de la Sainte Famille Française a Jounieh, Lebanon.
Haƙƙin hanya
Scotland
Sashe na 4 na Code Access ya bayyana yadda aka ba masu kula da filaye damar neman jama'a su guji wasu wurare na wani ɗan lokaci kaɗan don gudanar da ayyukan gudanarwa, duk da haka dole ne ƙaramar hukuma ta amince da ƙuntatawa na dogon lokaci. Ana amfani da ikon hana isa ga jama'a na ɗan lokaci ba tare da sanarwa ba ta hanyar harbi, gandun daji ko masu sarrafa iska, amma baya ƙara zuwa Haƙƙin Hanyoyi na Jama'a.  A Scotland jama'a suna da babban matakin 'yanci akan Haƙƙin Hanya fiye da buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Toshe Haƙƙin Hanya a Scotland wani cikas ne na laifi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Manyan Hanyoyi, kamar yadda yake a Ingila da Wales, amma rashin samun damar taswirorin Haƙƙin Hanyoyi na jama'a a Scotland yana da wahala a aiwatar da shi.
Duk da yake a Ingila da Wales, hukumomin babbar hanya suna da alhakin kiyaye taswirar haƙƙin hanya da aka amince da su bisa doka, a cikin Scotland dokoki daban-daban sun shafi kuma babu wani rikodin haƙƙin hanya da aka amince da shi bisa doka. Duk da haka, akwai Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ƙasa (CROW), wanda Ƙungiyoyin Haƙƙin hanya na Scotland da Access Society (Scotways) suka haɗa, tare da haɗin gwiwar Scottish Natural Heritage, da taimakon hukumomin gida. Akwai nau'ikan haƙƙin hanya guda uku a cikin CROW:
Evelina El Haddad
Girmamawa
Lebanon U18
Lebanon
Haƙƙin hanya
Amurka
A cikin ƙasar Amurka, ana ƙirƙiri hanyar dama ta hanya ta zama nau'i na sauƙi. Sauƙaƙe na iya zama mai fa'ida mai sauƙi, wanda ke amfanar kadarorin maƙwabta, ko sassauƙa gabaɗaya, wanda ke amfanar wani mutum ko mahaluƙi sabanin wani yanki na ƙasar. Duba kuma "Ma'anar Madadin" a sama, dangane da nau'ikan sauƙi da aka bayar ko aka tanada akan ƙasa don dalilai na sufuri,
Dama don yawo
'Yancin yin yawo, ko 'yancin kowane mutum shine haƙƙin jama'a na jama'a na samun damar shiga wani fili na jama'a ko na sirri don nishaɗi da motsa jiki. An ba da izinin shiga ko'ina cikin kowace buɗaɗɗiyar ƙasa, ban da hanyoyi da waƙoƙi da ake da su.
A Ingila da Wales haƙƙoƙin samun damar jama'a sun shafi wasu nau'ikan ƙasar da ba a noma ba musamman - "dutse, moor, zafi, ƙasa da ƙasa gama gari masu rijista". Ƙasar da aka bunƙasa, lambuna da wasu yankuna musamman an keɓe su daga haƙƙin shiga. Ana iya samun ƙasar noma idan ta faɗi cikin ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da aka kwatanta a sama (Duba Dokar Kare Kare da Haƙƙin Hanya 2000 ). Yawancin gandun daji na jama'a suna da irin wannan haƙƙin shiga ta hanyar sadaukar da kai na son rai da Hukumar Kula da gandun daji ta yi. Mutanen da ke amfani da haƙƙin samun dama suna da wasu ayyuka na mutunta haƙƙin wasu mutane na gudanar da ƙasa, da kuma kare yanayi da yanci.
A cikin Scotland da ƙasashen Nordic na Finland, Iceland, Norway da Sweden da kuma ƙasashen Baltic na Estonia, Latvia da Lithuania 'yancin yin yawo na iya ɗaukar nau'in haƙƙin jama'a na gama gari waɗanda wasu lokuta ana tsara su cikin doka. Samun damar tsoho ne a sassan Arewacin Turai kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin isasshe na asali wanda ba a tsara shi a cikin doka ba sai zamanin yau. Wannan haƙƙin kuma yakan haɗa da shiga tafkuna da koguna, don haka ayyuka kamar iyo, kwale-kwale, tuƙi da tuƙi. Dokar sake fasalin ƙasar (Scotland) ta shekarar 2003 tana ba kowa haƙƙin samun dama ga yawancin ruwa na cikin ƙasa a cikin Scotland (ban da ababen hawa), samar da cewa suna mutunta haƙƙin wasu.
Yawancin ƙasashe masu zafi irin su Madagascar suna da manufofin tarihi na buɗe damar shiga gandun daji ko wuraren jeji.
Ƙasar jama'a
Wasu ƙasar da aka daɗe ana ɗaukar jama'a ko kambi na iya zama yankin ƴan asalin ƙasar, a cikin ƙasashen da aka yi na mulkin mallaka.
Ƙasar Crown a Kanada
Yawancin Kanada ƙasar Crown ce ta larduna. Wasu ana hayar su don ayyukan kasuwanci, kamar gandun daji ko hakar ma'adinai, amma akan yawancinsu akwai damar shiga kyauta don ayyukan nishaɗi kamar yin tafiye-tafiye, keke, kwale-kwale, tseren kan iyaka, hawan doki, da farauta da kamun kifi, da sauransu. A lokaci guda ana iya ƙuntata ko iyakance damar shiga saboda dalilai daban-daban (misali, don kare lafiyar jama'a ko albarkatu, gami da kare tsirrai da dabbobin daji). A cikin Yankunan Kanada Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Kanada ce ke gudanar da ƙasar Crown. An ƙirƙiri wuraren shakatawa na ƙasar Kanada daga ƙasan Crown kuma Gwamnatin Tarayya kuma ke gudanar da ita. Sannan kuma Hakanan akwai wuraren shakatawa na larduna da wuraren ajiyar yanayi waɗanda aka ƙirƙira makamancin haka. Mutanen ƙabilar Kanada na iya samun takamaiman hakki akan ƙasar Crown da aka kafa ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin da suka rattaba hannu a lokacin da Kanada ke mulkin mallaka na Biritaniya, kuma sun yi iƙirarin mallakar wasu ƙasar Crown.
Ƙasar Crown a Ostiraliya
Yawancin yankin ƙasar Ostiraliya shine Crown land, wanda jihohin Ostiraliya ke gudanarwa. Yawancin ya ƙunshi hayar makiyaya, ƙasar da mutanen Aborigin suka mallaka da kuma gudanarwa (misali Ƙasar APY ), da kuma "wanda ba a raba" Ƙasar Crown. Ana ba da izinin shiga na ƙarshe don dalilai na nishaɗi, kodayake ana buƙatar motoci masu motsi don bin hanyoyi.
Ƙasar jama'a a Amurka
Yawancin filayen jama'a na jihohi da na tarayya a buɗe suke don amfanin nishaɗi. Damar nishaɗi ta dogara ne akan hukumar gudanarwa, kuma tana gudanar da aikin daga faɗaɗɗen wuraren buɗe ido na kyauta ga kowa da kowa, waɗanda ba a buɗe su ba na Ofishin Kula da Filaye zuwa wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa na Amurka da ake sarrafawa sosai. Matsugunan namun daji da wuraren kula da namun daji na jihohi, waɗanda aka gudanar da farko don haɓaka wurin zama, gabaɗaya a buɗe suke don kallon namun daji, tafiye-tafiye, da farauta, yawace-yawace sai dai rufewa don kare mace-mace da sheƙar gida, ko don rage damuwa kan dabbobin hunturu Ko sanyi.￼Dazuzzuka na ƙasa gabaɗaya suna da cakuda hanyoyin da aka kiyaye da kuma tituna, jeji da wuraren da ba a bunƙasa ba, da wuraren raye-raye da wuraren zama.
Gaba
Hakkokin jama'a akai-akai suna wanzuwa a gaban rairayin bakin teku. A cikin tattaunawa ta shari'a ana kiran bakin teku sau da yawa a matsayin yanki mai yashi.
Don rairayin bakin teku masu zaman kansu a cikin Amurka, wasu jihohi kamar Massachusetts suna amfani da ƙaramin alamar ruwa azaman layin raba tsakanin kadarorin Jiha da na mai bakin teku. Sauran jihohi kamar California suna amfani da alamar ruwa mai tsayi.
A cikin Burtaniya, gabaɗaya ana ɗaukan gandun daji mallakin Crown ne duk da cewa akwai wasu abubuwan ban mamaki, musamman ma abin da ake kira kamun kifi da yawa waɗanda za su iya zama ayyukan tarihi don taken, tun daga zamanin Sarki John ko a baya, da kuma Dokar Udal., dukkan wanda ya shafi gabaɗaya a cikin Orkney da Shetland. Duk da yake a cikin sauran Biritaniya ikon mallakar ƙasa ya ƙare har zuwa babban alamar ruwa, kuma ana ganin Crown ya mallaki abin da ke ƙasa da shi, a Orkney da Shetland ya haɓaka zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci lokacin bazara. Inda yankin gaba ke mallakar Crown jama'a suna samun damar shiga ƙasa da layin da ke nuna babban tudun ruwa.
A Girka, bisa ga L. 2971/01, an ayyana yankin gabas a matsayin yanki na bakin teku wanda zai iya kaiwa ta iyakar hawan raƙuman ruwa a bakin tekun (mafi girman igiyar ruwa a bakin tekun) a cikin iyakar su. iya aiki (mafi girman magana zuwa "yawanci matsakaicin raƙuman hunturu" kuma ba shakka ba ga lokuta na musamman ba, kamar tsunami da sauransu. ). A Yankin bakin teku, baya ga keɓancewar doka, na jama'a ne, kuma ba a ba da izinin yin gine-gine na dindindin a kai ba.
Kamar yadda yake tare da busasshiyar yashi na bakin teku, takaddamar doka da ta siyasa na iya tasowa kan mallakar da kuma amfani da jama'a na gabar teku. Misali ɗaya na baya-bayan nan shi ne gardamar gaba da tekun New Zealand da ta shafi iƙirarin ƙasa na mutanen Māori. Koyaya, Dokar Ruwa da Yankin Teku (Takutai Moana) Dokar 2011 ta ba da garantin shiga jama'a kyauta.
Rivers
Kungiyar kwale-kwalen jiragen ruwa ta Biritaniya (BCU) ce ke gudanar da Gangamin Samun Koguna don buɗe hanyoyin ruwa na cikin ƙasa a Ingila da Wales a madadin jama'a. A karkashin dokar Ingila da Wales ta yanzu, an hana jama'a shiga koguna, kuma kashi 2% na dukkan kogunan Ingila da Wales ne ke da haƙƙin shiga cikin jama'a.
Olowogbowo
Olowogbowo yanki ne da ke yammacin Lagos Island a Legas, wanda kuma ake kira Apongbon. Yankin yana tsakiyar gundumar kasuwanci. An kafa al’ummar ne bayan shekara ta 1851, lokacin da ‘yantar da ‘yan kabilar Yarbawa da aka yi garkuwa da su da zuriyarsu da aka yi garkuwa da su a kasar Saliyo suka koma Legas a jere, aka ba su fili su zauna a yankunan Olowogbowo da Breadfruit na tsibirin.
Sunan Apongbon suna ne daga kalmar Yarbawa a l'agbon pipon ("mutumin mai jajayen gemu"), sunan da aka ba William McCoskry, mai rikon mukamin gwamnan sabuwar Colony na Legas a shekara ta 1861. Waƙar Jùjú ta samo asali ne a yankin Olowogbowo a cikin shekara ta 1920, lokacin da yaran yankin sukan taru a wurin aikin gyaran motoci don sha da yin kiɗa. Tunde King shi ne shugaban wannan kungiya, wanda galibi ana ganin shi ne ya kafa salon.
Manazarta
6.45833°N, 3.38333°W<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"> 6.45833°N, 3.38333°W
Jibreel Ofori Owusu
Ofori Owusu Jibreel ɗan siyasan ƙasar Ghana ne kuma mamba a majalisar farko ta jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar Bantama ƙarƙashin memba na National Democratic Congress.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ofori a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1948. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandaren T. I Ahmadiyya da ke Kumasi, da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwararru (yanzu Jami'ar Kwararrun Kwararru) inda ya samu digirinsa a kan Accounting. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Akanta kafin shiga majalisar.
Siyasa
Ya fara harkar siyasa a 1992 lokacin da ya zama ɗan takarar majalisar wakilai na National Democratic Congress (NDC) don wakiltar mazabar Bantama a Yankin Ashanti kafin fara zaɓen majalisar dokokin Ghana na 1992. Ya karbi mukamin a matsayin mamba na majalisar farko ta jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1993 bayan an bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara a zaben Ghana na 1992 da aka gudanar a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1992. Ya rasa kujerar sa ga dan takarar adawa Richard Winfred Anane a Ghana na 1996 babban zabe.
Aiki
Marubuci ne ta hanyar sana’a kuma tsohon ɗan majalisar dokoki na mazabar Bantama a yankin Ashanti na Ghana.
Bakin Tekun Kuramo
Bakin Tekun Kuramo,wani gaɓar teku ne da ke da yashi a Legas, Najeriya, yana gefen kudancin Tsibirin Bictoriyal, gabas da Bar Beach da kudu da tafkin Kogin Kuramo. Ya kasance wurin da gidaje da rumfuna da yawa waɗanda suke ba a bisa ƙa'ida ba, wasu daga cikinsu ana amfani da su don nishaɗin kiɗa, kide, mashaya da karuwanci. A watan Agustan shekarar 2012, ruwan tekun Atlantika ya yi kaca-kaca a gabar tekun Kuramo, inda ya lalata wasu rumfunan gidaje tare da kashe mutane 16. Washegari hukumomin gwamnati suka kwashe yankin, suka rusa sauran rumfunan sannan suka fara cika yashi.
An ce ambaliya na aukuwa a bakin tekun na faruwa ne a duk watan Agusta a bakin teku, ko da yake a shekarun baya ba a rasa rayuka ba.
Manazarta
6.422°N, 3.4334°W 6.422°N, 3.4334°W
Kyarkyara
Kyarkyara wannan kalmar na nufin mutum namiji ko kuma mace jikinshi ya dunga rawa sakamakon faɗa ko kuma tsima saboda an tuna mai da wani abu. Mutum ya kanyi kyarkyara saboda rashin lafiya kamar tsazzaɓi, da daisauransu. A turance kuma ana kiranshi da da Shivering.
Ruwa mai daɗi
Ruwa mai dadi ; duba ƙasa), wanda kuma aka sani da ruwan Australiya, ko Johnstone ko kuma wanda aka fi sani da freshie, nau'in nau'i ne na 'crocodile endemic' zuwa yankunan Arewacin Australia. Ba kamar danginsu da ya fi girma a Ostiraliya ba, kada ruwa mai gishiri, crocodiles na ruwa ba a san su da masu cin abinci ba, kodayake sun ciji don kare kansu, kuma a taƙaice, hare-haren da ba na mutuwa ba sun faru, a fili sakamakon kuskuren ainihi.
Taxonomy da etymology
Lokacin da Gerard Krefft ya ba wa nau'in suna a cikin shekarata 1873, ya yi niyya don tunawa da mutumin da ya fara ba shi rahoton shi, ɗan sanda ɗan ƙasar Australiya kuma masanin halitta Robert Arthur Johnstone a shekarun (1843-1905). Duk da haka, Krefft ya yi kuskure wajen rubuta sunan, kuma shekaru da yawa, an san nau'in C. johnsoni. Nazarin kwanan nan na takaddun Krefft sun ƙayyade madaidaicin rubutun sunan, kuma yawancin wallafe-wallafen an sabunta su zuwa ga daidaitaccen amfani, amma duka nau'ikan suna wanzu. Bisa ga ka'idodin Ƙididdigar Ƙira ta Duniya, epithet johnstoni (maimakon ainihin johnsoni) daidai ne.
Juyin Halitta
Halin Crocodylus mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga Afirka kuma ya haskaka waje zuwa Kudu Maso Gabashin Asiya da Amurka, kodayake an yi la'akari da asalin Ostiraliya / Asiya. Shaidar phylogenetic tana goyan bayan Crocodylus da ke karkata daga danginsa na baya-bayan nan, bacewar Voay na Madagascar, kusan shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata, kusa da iyakar Oligocene / Miocene.
Phylogeny
Below is a cladogram based on a 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data, as revised by the 2021 Hekkala et al. paleogenomics study using DNA extracted from the extinct Voay.
Bayani
Kadan ruwan ruwa ɗan ƙaramin kada ne. Maza na iya girma zuwa kimanin 2.3 - 3.0 m tsayi, yayinda mata suka kai matsakaicin girman 2.1 m. Maza yawanci suna auna kusan 70 kg, tare da manyan samfurori har zuwa 100 kg ko fiye, a kan nauyin mace 40 kg. A cikin yankuna kamar Lake Argyle da Katherine Gorge, kaɗan na tabbatar da 4 m akwai mutane. Wannan nau'in jin kunya ne kuma yana da siririn hanci da ƙananan hakora fiye da ɗan kada na ruwan gishiri mai haɗari. Launin jikin yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske tare da maɗaura masu duhu a jiki da wutsiya-waɗannan sukan karye a kusa da wuya. Wasu mutane suna da sarƙaƙƙiya daban-daban ko ƙwai a kan hanci. Sikelin jiki yana da girman gaske, tare da fadi, saƙa, faranti masu sulke a baya. Zagaye, ma'aunin tsakuwa ya rufe gefen ƙafafu da wajen ƙafafu.
Rarraba da wurin zama
Ana samun kadoji na ruwa a Yammacin Ostiraliya, Queensland, da Arewacin ƙasar. Manyan wuraren zama sun haɗa da wuraren dausayin ruwa, billabongs, koguna, da rafuka. Wannan nau'in na iya zama a wuraren da crocodiles na ruwan gishiri ba za su iya ba, kuma an san su da zama a wuraren da ke sama da gandun daji na Kakadu National Park da kuma cikin yanayi mai banƙyama da dutse (kamar Katherine Gorge, inda suke da yawa kuma ba su da lafiya daga crocodiles na gishiri a lokacin rani). lokacin rani). Hakan tasa Duk da haka, ana samun su akai-akai a cikin ƙananan matakan billabong, suna zaune tare da crocodiles na ruwan gishiri a kusa da magudanar ruwa da hanyoyin shi