cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki
Harkar siyasa
Oubandawaki ya kasance wakilin ASECNA a Mauritania da Senegal daga shekarar 1975 zuwa shekara ta 1976, sannan ya kasance Kwamandan filin jirgin saman Yamai daga shekarar 1976 zuwa shekara ta 1979. Bayan haka ya kasance wakilin ASECNA a Nijar daga shekarar 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1980, Darakta-Janar na Air Niger — kamfanin jirgin sama na ƙasa — daga shekarar 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, da kuma Daraktan Sufurin Jiragen Sama na Nijar daga shekarar 1983 zuwa shekara ta 1985.
Oubandawaki ya zama Sakatare-Janar na ASECNA a shekarar 1985 kuma ya ci gaba da zama a wannan muƙamin na tsawon shekaru 11. Daga nan Shugaba Ibrahim Baré Mainassara ya naɗa shi a cikin gwamnatin Nijar a matsayin Ministan Tsaro na Ƙasa a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1996. Ya kuma hau mulki ranar 29 ga watan Agusta.
Bayan da sojoji a gundumar Agadez suka yi garkuwa da jami'ai a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1997, Oubandawaki ba tare da bata lokaci ba ya jagoranci tawaga zuwa Agadez; ya yi nasarar tattauna batun sakin jami’an tare da maido da ikon gwamnati a ranar 3 ga Yuni. A watan Yuli na shekarar 1997, shi kuma ya ƙaryata rahotannin da Nijar – Chadi hari a kan Democratic Revival Front (FDR) kungiyar 'yan tawaye a garin Bosso. Game da rikice-rikice da 'yan tawaye, Oubandawaki ce a lokacin ziyarar da Mali a farkon watan Agusta 1997 cewa "halin da ake ciki ne a kwantar da hankula" da kuma cewa gwamnatin da aka ƙoƙarin cimma zaman lafiya tare da FDR, da kawai ƙungiyar yan tawaye da suka ba sa hannu yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta shekarar 1995 ta wannan batun.
Daga baya a cikin shekarar 1997, wasu 'yan tawaye sun janye daga yarjejeniyar, suna gunaguni cewa aikin ya yi jinkiri sosai; Oubandawaki ya soki su saboda yin "buƙatun da ba su da tabbas idan aka yi la'akari da matsalolin kasarmu." Daga nan sai ya sanar a ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1997 cewa an kashe 'yan tawayen Abzinawa 27 a cikin wani "aikin tsabtace muhalli" da aka shirya kan "bangarorin adawa masu adawa da zaman lafiya".
Bayan an bai wa ASECNA lambar yabo ta Oscar ta shekarar 2001 don Manajan Afirka, Oubandawaki ya karbi kyautar a Faris a ranar 6 ga watan Yulin na shekarar 2002, yana mai cewa "tana karrama mu kuma tana ƙarfafa mu mu ci gaba da tsaurarawa da kyakkyawar kulawa". Kwamitin Ministocin ASECNA ya hadu a Cotonou a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni da ranar 2 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2004 don zaɓar Darakta-Janar don wa’adin shekaru shida masu zuwa, farawa daga 1 ga watan Janairu na shekarar 2005. Oubandawaki ya kasance dan takarar sake tsayawa takara; kodayake babu wani tanadi don sake zaɓen Darakta-Janar, akwai abubuwan da suka gabata don sharuɗɗa da yawa. Koyaya, ya samu kuri'u shida ne kawai daga ministocin, a kan 10 kuma na dan takarar Chadi Mahamat Youssouf (ɗan takarar Ivory Coast ya samu kuri'a daya). A kan haka ne Oubandawaki ya bar mukaminsa na Babban Darakta a ƙarshen shekarar 2004 kuma Youssouf ya gaje shi.
Shugaban RPN-Alkalami
Oubandawaki ya kafa ƙungiyar siyasa, RPN-Alkalami, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2009; an kafa ofishin zartarwa na wucin gadi don jagorantar jam’iyyar, tare da Oubandawaki a matsayin Shugabanta. Tun da farko jam'iyyar ta nufe shi da ya tsaya a matsayin dan takararta na shugaban kasa a zaben wanda tun farko aka tsara shi a karshen shekara. Dangane da shawarar da Shugaba Mamadou Tandja ya yanke na kiran kuri’ar raba gardama kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki da zai tsawaita wa’adin mulkinsa, RPN-Alkalami ya jaddada buƙatar tattaunawa don warware rikicin siyasa. Idan zaben raba gardama ya ci gaba, jam'iyyar ta yi kira ga mambobinta da su bi lamirinsu wajen yanke shawarar yadda za su yi.
Bayan nasarar zaben raba gardama a watan Agustan shekarar 2009, RPN-Alkalami ya sanar da cewa zai shiga zaben majalisar dokokin na watan Oktoba na shekarar 2009, ba kamar manyan jam’iyyun adawa ba, waɗanda suka zaɓi kauracewa zaben. Oubandawaki shine kaɗai dan takarar RPN-Alkalami da ya samu nasara a majalisar dokokin ƙasar.
A tsakiyar watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2009, lokacin da Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta fara taro don sabon wa’adin aikin ta na majalisa, an zabi Oubandawaki a matsayin daya daga cikin mambobi tara na kwamitin wucin gadi da aka ba alhakin tsara sabbin dokokin cikin gida na Majalisar. Sabbin dokokin cikin gida ana ganin sun zama dole saboda an fitar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki tun wa'adin majalisar dokokin da ta gabata.
Oubandawaki ya goyi bayan Seyni Oumarou a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Janairu – watan Maris na shekarar 2011 kuma yayi kamfe tare da shi.
Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi
'Abd al-Ghanī ibn' Abd al-Wāḥid al-Jammā'īlī al-Maqdisi (Larabci: عبدالغني المقدسي) babban malamin Addinin Sunnah ne kuma fitaccen malamin Hadisi. Cikakken sunansa shine al-Imam al-Hafidh Abu Muhammad Abdul-Ghani ibn Abdul-Wahid bin Alī bin Surūr Ibn Rāfi 'bin Hussain bin Ja'afar al-Maqdisi al-Jammāʻīlī al-Hanbali. An kuma haife shi a shekara ta 541 bayan hijira (1146 AZ) a ƙauyen Jummail a Falasɗinu. Ya kuma yi karatu da malamai a Damascus; yawancinsu daga danginsa ne. Ya yi karatu da malamai da dama da suka hada da Limamin Tasawwuf, Shaykh Abdul Qadir al-Jilani. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya fara kafa makaranta a Dutsen Qasioun kusa da Damascus. Ya rasu a shekara ta 600 bayan hijira (1203 AZ).
Ya kasance dangin Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi, saboda mahaifiyarsa da kakar Diya al-Din al-Maqdisis 'yan uwan ​​juna ne. Yana da' ya'ya maza uku da kuma ake kira Muhammad, Abdullah da Abdur-Rahman, dukkansu sun zama fitattun malamai masu daraja. Babban malamin, Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi shine dan uwan ​​mahaifiyar Abdul-Ghani, kuma Ibn Qudama ya bayyana alakar sa da Abdul-Ghani da cewa:
"Abokina a ƙuruciya da kuma neman ilimi, kuma ba mu taɓa tsere wa nagarta ba sai dai kuma cewa zai gabace ni zuwa gare ta, ban da [ƙaramin] [adadin lokatai]".
Shi ne marubucin Al-Kamal fi Asma 'al-Rijal, tarin tarihin maruwaitan hadisi a cikin tsarin addinin musulunci na kimanta tarihin rayuwa.
Ayyuka
Ayyukansa sun haɗa da:
Canjin Adalci
Canjin Adalci, wani tsari ne wanda kungiyar kwadago ta kirkira, don killace masu tsoma bakin zamantakewar da ake buƙata don tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin ma'aikata da rayuwar su lokacin da tattalin arziƙi ke canzawa zuwa samar da mai ɗorewa, musamman yaƙi da canjin yanayi da kuma kare halittu masu yawa. Gwamnatoci a wurare daban-daban sun amince da shi a ƙasashe daban-daban, gami da Laborungiyar Laborasashen Duniya (ILO), Conungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) a Yarjejeniyar Paris, da Taron Yankin Katowice (COP24) da Tarayyar Turai.
Mohammed Tukur
Mohammed Tukur shi ne Sarkin Kano, jiha ce a Arewacin Najeriya. Tukur ya shugabanci Kano a zamanin Bassa, lokacin yaƙin basasa da aka yi ta samun masu da'awar sarautar Kano.
Canjin Adalci
Inji
Ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, kalmar canjin adalci tana bayyana miƙa mulki zuwa yanayi mai juriya da ƙaramar tattalin arziƙin wanda ke haɓaka fa'idodin aikin sauyin yanayi tare da rage wahala ga ma'aikata da al'ummominsu. Dangane da kungiyar ta Duniya, bukatun da kuma ke da alaƙa da tsarin Mulki zai bambanta a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, ko da yake manyan manufofi waɗanda ƙasashe ke buƙatar aiwatar da su, gami da:
Manufofin yanayi da yarjejeniyar canjin yanayi ta duniya sun kafa mizani na tattalin arziki mai tsafta. A cikin aikin, bangarori kamar makamashi, masana'antu, aikin gona, da gandun daji, wadanda ke daukar miliyoyin ma'aikata, dole ne su sake tsari. Akwai damuwa cewa lokutan canjin tsarin tattalin arziki da suka gabata sun bar ma’aikata na yau da kullun, danginsu, da al’ummominsu don ɗaukar nauyin sauyawa zuwa sabbin hanyoyin samar da arziki, wanda ke haifar da rashin aikin yi, talauci, da keɓancewa ga masu aiki, ya bambanta da masu kasuwanci waɗanda ke da ikon iya miƙa mulki.
Mohammed Tukur
Basasa
A lokacin fashewar Basasa yawancin Kotunan Kanon sun kasance masu biyayya ga Tukur, The Madaki, Ibrahim Mallam; Makaman Kano Iliyasu ; Sarkin Bai, Bashari Alhaji; Alkali, Modibo Salihu; Sarkin Gaya, Ibrahim Dabo da Sarkin Fulanin Dambatta sun kasance masu goyon bayansa. Chiroma na Kano, Turaki Zaki da Sarkin Fulanin Dambatta su ne suka fara tunkarar ‘yan tawaye a Gano sai Gogel da Garko. Duk da cewa sun yi nasarar kashe yusuf a yakin Gaya, amma duk kokarin da suka yi na dakile tawayen ya ci tura, kuma a cikin watan Agustan 1894, ‘yan tawayen karkashin jagorancin Aliyu Mai Sango (Sabon Sarkinsu) sun kwace sansanin Kano.
Canjin Adalci
Inji
Canjin Adalci yana magance wannan damuwa ta hanyar haɓaka ayyuka masu ɗorewa waɗanda ke taimakawa ma'aikata. Haɗa adalci da zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar Canjin ka'ida yana nufin bin buƙatun ga ma'aikatan kwal a yankuna masu tasowa masu dogaro da kwal waɗanda ba su da damar aikin yi sama da kwal;  iska ga ma'aikata a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda ke buƙatar kasonsu na "rabon masana'antu"; adalci ga waɗanda ke barin gidajensu yayin da matakan teku ke hawa da mamaye yankuna na gabar teku da tsibirai sakamakon sauyin yanayi; adalci ga jama'ar da gurɓatacciyar iska da tasirin muhalli ya shafa.
Mohammed Tukur
hijira da mutuwa
A faɗuwar Kano Tukur ya mayar da kotunsa zuwa Kamri. Amma Aliyu ya ci gaba da bin Tukurawa, a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1895, a wata ganawa a Guri, Barde Abdu Nagwangwazo ya kashe Tukur. Rahotanni sun ce an binne shi a can.
Canjin Adalci
Ma'anar da juyin halitta
Daya daga cikin wadanda suka gabatar da ra'ayin shi ne Tony Mazzocchi:
"In the early 1990s, following the confirmation of fossil fuel-caused global warming, Mazzocchi revived the idea, calling it a “Superfund for workers” – a play on the recently-established Superfund for toxic cleanup. The Superfund for workers would provide financial support and an opportunity for higher education for workers displaced by environmental protection policies. As Mazzocchi put it in 1993, “There is a Superfund for dirt. There ought to be one for workers.” [...] Those who work with toxic materials on a daily basis in order to provide the world with the energy and the materials it needs “deserve a helping hand to make a new start in life.” [...] “Later environmentalists complained that the word superfund had too many negative connotations, and the name of the plan was changed to Just Transition.” In a 1995 speech, Leopold laid out the Superfund for workers/Just Transition proposal. “The basis for Just Transition is the simple principle of equity.” No toxic-related worker should be asked “to pay a disproportionate tax — in the form of losing his or her job — to achieve the goals” of environmental protection. Instead, “These costs should be fairly distributed across society.”"
An bayyana cigaban kalmar a cikin wata kasida da Jaridar Duniya kan Binciken Kwadago ta wallafa:
''"In 1998, a Canadian union activist, Brian Kohler, published what was going to become one of the first mentions of the Just Transition concept in a union newsletter. It constituted an attempt to reconcile the union movement’s efforts to provide workers with decent jobs and the need to protect the environment. As Kohler had clearly stated previously: “The real choice is not jobs or environment. It is both or neither.”
In ten years, the union movement perception of environmental challenges has evolved and with it the definition, boundaries and scope of the “just transition” needed. Today, “Just Transition” can be understood as the conceptual framework in which the labour movement captures the complexities of the transition towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy, highlighting public policy needs and aiming to maximize benefits and minimize hardships for workers and their communities in this transformation.
In a document prepared by the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), Just Transition is defined as a “tool the trade union movement shares with the international community, aimed at smoothing the shift towards a more sustainable society and providing hope for the capacity of a green economy to sustain decent jobs and livelihoods for all” (ITUC, 2009b).
It is important to note that Just Transition is a supporting mechanism of climate action, and not inaction. Just Transition is not in opposition to, but complements environmental policies. This comforts the idea that environmental and social policies are not contradictory but, on the contrary, can reinforce each other.
Daniel, Utah
Daniel birni ne, da ke a gundumar Wasatch, Utah, a ƙasar Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 938 a ƙidayar 2010, a lokacin birni ne kuma wurin da aka ayyana ƙidayar (CDP). An haɗa Daniel a matsayin gari a cikin Fabrairu 2006. An fara zama Daniel a shekara ta 1874.
Canjin Adalci
Ma'anar da juyin halitta
This approach to the Just Transition concept was unanimously adopted at the 2nd ITUC Congress, in 2010, when the Congress declared “Just Transition” to be “the” approach to fight climate change:
Daniel, Utah
Geography
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, CDP tana da jimillar yanki na 3.8 mi2, duk kasa.
Canjin Adalci
Ma'anar da juyin halitta
Other Global Union Federations, representing workers in specific economic sectors, joined this policy approach. The International Transport workers’ Federation (ITF) adopted, at its 2010 Congress, a resolution stating that “while the urgent adoption of these policies is vital to tackle climate change, the ITF and its affiliates must defend the interests of transport workers by fighting to ensure that these policies are implemented in a way which protects jobs and creates new ones through a process of just transition” (ITF, 2010). Federations of industrial workers have also voiced their positions on Just Transition. The International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers’ Unions (ICEM), for example, states that “with a Just Transition, we can build a public consensus to move towards more sustainable production” (ICEM, 2009).
Daniel, Utah
Alkaluma
Akwai gidaje 238, daga cikinsu kashi 42.0 cikin 100 na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 79.8% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 5.5% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 11.8% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 9.2% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 2.9% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 3.23 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.45.
Canjin Adalci
Ma'anar da juyin halitta
The Just Transition framework is a package of policy proposals which addresses the different aspects related to the vulnerability of workers and their communities: uncertainties regarding job impacts, risks of job losses, risks of undemocratic decision-making processes, risks of regional or local economic downturn, among others." ''
Daniel, Utah
Alkaluma
A cikin CDP, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 29.5% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 10.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 24.8% daga 25 zuwa 44, 25.7% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 9.2% waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko kuma mazan. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 35. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 107.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 112.9.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin CDP shine $60,000, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na iyali shine $59,773. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $43,542 sabanin $16,667 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na CDP shine $21,764. Kusan 4.0% na iyalai da 5.1% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 5.0% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 kuma babu ɗayan waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
A lokacin haɗa Daniyel, kwamitin ƙididdige yawan jama'a na Utah ya samar da ƙididdiga a hukumance na yawan mutanen garin na 696.
Alluran rigakafi
Allurar rigakafi shiri ne na ƙirar halitta wanda ke ba da cikakkiyar damar samun rigakafi ga wani kamuwa da cuta. Allurar rigakafi yawanci tana dauke da wakili wanda yayi kama da cutar microorganism. Ana yinsa sau da yawa daga nau'ikan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da gubobi, ko ɗayan na sunadarai na Wakilin yana karfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki don sanin wakili a matsayin barazana, rusa shi, kuma don kara ganewa da kuma lalata duk wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke hade tare da shi a nan gaba. Ba da wani magani ana kiranta alurar riga kafi. Allurar riga kafi ita ce hanya mafi inganci ta hana kamuwa da cuta; Allurar riga kafi galibi alhakin kawar da kịtịfe da kuma raguwar cututtuka kamar su, Polio, da tetanus. Allurar riga kafi wanda ke da ingantaccen tasiri ya hada da allurar rigakafin, maganin HPV , da kaji, maganin allurar riga kafi. Sharuɗɗan rigakafin da allurar rigakafi an samo su ne daga kungiyoyin jeji na Variolae (furucin saniya), ajalin da Edward Jenner ya kirkiro. .
Tasiri
Allurar rigakafi wata hanya ce mai aminci da ingantacciyar hanyar yaƙi da kawar da cututtuka. Koyaya, iyakancewar tasirin su yana wanzuwa. Ingancin tasiri ko aikin maganin ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:
Teddy Ashton
Teddy Ashton (an haife shi a shekara ta 1906 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1978) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Alluran rigakafi
Tasiri
Idan mutum da aka yi wa allurar rigakafi ya ci gaba da cutar da ke rigakafin cutar kansa watakila cutar ba ta da kazanta sosai fiye da mutanen da ba a yi wa rigakafin ba. Abubuwan da suke da kyau suna la'akari da tasiri a cikin shirin tsarin rigakafi:
Allurar rigakafi ta haifar da kawar da kịtịfe, ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan da ke yaduwa da cututtuka masu yaduwa a cikin mutane. Sauran cututtukan kamar su rubella, polio, kyanda, kumburi, da kuma cutar sanƙarau ce ba kamar yadda aka saba ba kamar shekara ɗari da suka gabata saboda allurar rigakafi. Idan mafi yawan mutane suna allurar riga kafi, yana da matukar wahala ga barkewar cutar zuwa faruwa ko yaduwa. Wannan shi ake kira rigakafin garken. Magungunan rigakafin kuma suna taimakawa hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Misali, ta hanyar ragewa abin da ya faru da ciwon huhu wanda ya haifar da ƙwayar huhun ciki, shirye-shiryen allurar rigakafi sunada rage yawan kamuwa da cuta wadanda ke tsayayya da maganin penicillin ko wasu maganin rigakafi. An kiyasta allurar rigakafin cutar kyanda ta hana mutum mutuwa miliyan 1 a duk shekara. .
Tasirin sakamako
Alurar riga kafi wanda aka bayar yayin ƙuruciya bashi da wata matsala. Sakamakon illa, idan akwai, gabaɗaya m. Sakamakon sakamako na yau da kullun sun haɗa da zazzabi, jin zafi a kusa da wurin allura, da ciwon gwiwa. Bugu da ƙari, wasu mutane na iya zama rashin lafiyan kayan abinci a cikin allurar. Cututtukan da ke tattare da mummunan sakamako suna da mutuƙar wahala.
Nau'in
Alurar rigakafi sun ƙunshi matattun abubuwa ko ƙwayoyin rai ko kayan tsarkakakke waɗanda aka samo daga gare su. Akwai nau'ikan alluran rigakafin da ake amfani da su..
Ba a kunnawa
Wasu alluran rigakafin suna dauke da kwayoyin halittar da aka lalata tare da sunadarai, zafi, ko radadi. Misalai sun hada da rigakafin cutar shan inna, rigakafin cutar hepatitis A, alurar rigakafi da wasu alurar rigakafi. .
Attenuated
Wasu magungunan rigakafi suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin rai, waɗanda aka rage ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan yawanci suna tsoratar da mafi dorewa immunological immage, amma maiyuwa ba amintaccen amfani a cikin immunocompromised mutane.
Toxoid
Magungunan Toxoid ana yin su ne daga ƙwayoyin guba masu guba waɗanda ke haifar da rashin lafiya maimakon hakan kwayoyin.
Subinit
Magungunan ƙananan kwayoyi suna amfani da guntu na ƙwayoyin cuta don ƙirƙirar amsawar rigakafi.
Sanda
Wasu kwayoyin cuta suna da polysaccharide suttura na waje wadanda ke da rauni immunogenic. Ta hanyar cudanya Wadannan riguna na waje don sunadarai, tsarin na rigakafi na iya gane polysaccharide kamar maganin sunadarai ne na jiki.
Gwaji
Yawancin sababbin rigakafin rigakafin suma a yanzu haka suna cikin ci gaba kuma ana amfani da su. Yawancin allurar rigakafin ana ƙirƙirar su ta amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ƙarfi ko abubuwan ɓoyewa daga kwayoyin. Magungunan roba na rigakafi an haɗa su ne ko gaba ɗaya na abubuwan roba.
Rikici
Alurar rigakafi na iya zama abu mai ma'ana ko taɓarɓarewa. An tsara allurar rigakafin rigakafi a kan kwayoyi ko ƙwayoyin cuta ɗaya. An tsara allurar rigakafi don yi rigakafin cutar iri biyu ko sama da wannan ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya, ko akasin biyu ko fiye microorganisms. .
Heterotypic
Waɗannan rigakafin ne da ke amfani da cuta na wasu dabbobi waɗanda ko dai ba sa haifar da cuta ko haifar da cuta mai laushi cikin kwayoyin da ake bi.
Inganta rigakafi
Tsarin rigakafi yana ɗaukar masu ba da maganin alurar rigakafi azaman ƙasashen waje, yana lalata su, kuma "ya tuna"su. Lokacin da aka sami nau'in virulent na wakili, jiki yana gane kwayar cutar kuma an shirya ya amsa:
Adjuvants da abubuwan kiyayewa
Alurar riga kafi yawanci suna ɗauke da adjuvants ɗaya ko fiye, waɗanda ke haɓakawa da hanzarta mayar da martani na rigakafi. Kuma alurar riga kafi na iya samun abubuwan kiyayewa don hana cuta tare da kwayoyin cuta ko fungi.
Jadawalin
Don samar da kariya mafi kyau, an bada shawarar yara don karɓar rigakafin kamar da zaran an inganta tsarin rigakafinsu ta yadda ya dace da takamaiman maganin. Ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin "booster" Shots don cimma "cikakkiyar rigakafi". Wannan ya haifar da da ci gaba na hadaddun alurar jadawalin. Yawancin allurar rigakafin ana bada shawarar don wasu tsararraki ko don maimaita allura cikin rayuwa. Don Misali, game da kyanda, tetanus, mura, da ciwon huhu. Shawarwarin alurar don tsofaffi sun mai da hankali kan cutar huhu da mura.
Tarihi
Kafin gabatarwar alurar rigakafin cuta tare da abu daga abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin mahaifa, za a iya kasancewa da katun an hana shi ta hanyar lalata kwayoyin cuta da gangan. Da farko farkon alamu na A cikin ƙarni na 10, inoculation ba game da fulawa a cikin kasar Sin ya zo ba. A ƙarshen 1760s Edward Jenner ya sami labarin cewa ma'aikatan kiwo ba su taɓa samun fitsari ba domin suna ya rigaya ya samarda maganin cutar sankara. A cikin 1796, Jenner ya ɗauki kwari daga hannun madara da Cutar fata, ta sanya shi a cikin wani yaro mai shekaru 8, kuma makonni shida bayan haka sun kamu da yaron tare da fulawa. Bai kama karamar fulawa ba. Jenner ya kara karatunsa kuma a cikin 1798 bayar da rahoton cewa maganin shi bashi da lafiya ga yara da manya. Na biyu na alluran rigakafin an gabatar dashi a cikin 1880s daga Louis Pasteur. Karnin nan na ashirin ya ga bullar sabbin magunguna masu nasara, gami da wadancan da cututtukan fata, kyanda, da daskararru, da kuma daskararru. Manyan nasarorin sun hada da ci gaba na rigakafin cutar Polio a cikin shekarun 1950 da kuma kawar da fitsari a shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970. Maurice Hilleman ya kasance mafi yawan masu haɓaka alluran rigakafin a karni na ashirin. Yawancin ci gaban allurar rigakafin har zuwa yau sun dogara da tallafi daga gwamnati, jami'o'i da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Yawancin magungunan rigakafi sun kasance masu tsada matuƙar tasiri da amfani ga lafiyar jama'a. Yawan alluran rigakafin da aka gudanar ya karu sosai a kwanan nan shekarun da suka gabata. Ari ga haka, ana yin amfani da rigakafin dabbobi don su hana cututtukan su da kuma hana yada cutar ga mutane. .
Batun mallaka
Saka bayanan kwastomomi kan hanyoyin inganta alurar riga kafi na iya zama cikas ga ci gaban sababbin alurar rigakafi. Saboda ƙarancin kariya da aka bayar ta ha patentso ,in mallaka, kariyar sabon abu ne sau da yawa ana yin ta hanyar haƙƙin ci gaba kamar yadda ya kamata kariya ta sirri. A cewar Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, babbar matsala ce ta hana samar da maganin alurar riga kafi a ciki ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ci gaba shine mahimmancin kuɗi, kayayyakin more rayuwa, da ƙwarewar ma'aikata bukatun da ake buƙata don shigar da kasuwa.
Tsarin isarwa
Haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin isar da saƙo na tasar da begen alluran rigakafin lafiya da ƙari ingantacce don sadar da gudanarwa. Abubuwa masu mahimmanci game da fasahar isar da rigakafi sun haɗa da allurar rigakafi. Cutar shan inna rigakafi ya tabbatar da inganci lokacin da masu aikin sa kai ke gudanar da su ba tare da horo na yau da kullun ba. Wata gwaji mara-amfani ana yin gwajin dabbobi. Wani facin tambari mai kama da bandeji mai ɗaure ciki ya ƙunshi tsinkayar ƙirar 20,000 a kowace murabba'in cm..
Yanayi
Ci gaban alurar riga-kafi yana da yanayi da yawa:
= References =
Little Senegal (fim)
Ƙananan Senegal fim ne na 2001 na Aljeriya wanda Rachid Bouchareb ya ba da umarni. An ƙaddamar da shi domin samun lambar yabon Aljeriya ta 73rd Academy Awards don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje, amma ba a yarda da shi a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa ba.
Bayani
Manufar fim ɗin ita ce bincika tushen Afirka na Baƙin Amurkawa waɗanda ke da'awar asalin Afirka amma sun yi watsi da al'adunsu na baya. Fim din ya kai ga sanya sunan karamar Senegal ga wata gunduma a New York cike da jama'ar Senegal, wacce ke Harlem a kan titin Yamma 116, tsakanin titin 5th da 8th Avenue.
Lawrence Mhlanga
Lawrence Mhlanga (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Disamban 1993), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Zimbabwe wanda ke taka leda a kulob ɗin Platinum Zvishavane na Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Zimbabwe da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Zimbabwe a matsayin ɗan wasa mai tsaron gida.
Aikin kulob
Mhlanga ya fara aikinsa da Bantu Rovers kafin ya koma Monomotapa United a shekarar 2013. Ya koma kulob ɗin Chicken Inn a cikin shekarar 2014, kuma ya ƙi komawa Zambia Power Dynamos a farkon 2017, gabanin gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 2017.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Babban koci Callisto Pasuwa ya kira Mhlanga zuwa tawagar kwallon kafa ta Zimbabwe don gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika na shekarar 2017.
Zauna inuwa
Zauna inuwa (Burhinus spp.) tsuntsu ne.
Yabo
Yabawa
Filin jirgin saman Sokoto
Filin jirgin saman Sokoto ko Filin jirgin saman Sultan Saddik Abubakar, filin jirgi ne dake a Sokoto, babban birnin jihar Sokoto, a Nijeriya.
Janet Fish
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Janet Isobel Fish an haife shi a(1938-05-18 )a Boston,Massachusetts,kuma ta girma a Bermuda,inda danginta suka ƙaura lokacin tana ɗan shekara goma. Tun tana ƙuruciyarta,ta kasance tana kewaye da tasirin fasaha da yawa. Mahaifinta farfesa ne na tarihin fasaha Peter Stuyvesant Fish kuma mahaifiyarta ita ce sculptor kuma maginin tukwane Florence Whistler Voorhees.'Yar uwarta, Alida,mai daukar hoto ce.Kakanta,wanda ɗakin studio yake a Bermuda,ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka Clark Voorhees .Kawun nata,wanda kuma ake kira Clark Voorhees,ya kasance mai sassaƙa itace da matarsa,mai zane.
Kifi ta san tun tana ƙarama cewa tana son yin aikin fasahar gani.Ta ce, "Na fito daga dangin masu fasaha,kuma koyaushe ina yin zane-zane kuma na san ina son zama mai zane."Kifi tana da hazaka a fannin tukwane kuma tun farko ta yi niyyar zama sculptor.Lokacin da yake matashi,Kifi ya kasance mataimaki a ɗakin studio na sculptor Byllee Lang.
Kifi ya halarci Kwalejin Smith,a Northampton,Massachusetts,yana mai da hankali kan sassaka da bugawa.Ta yi karatu a karkashin George Cohn,Leonard Baskin,da Mervin Jules.Ta shafe ɗaya daga cikin lokacin bazara tana karatu a Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na New York kuma ta halarci ajin zane wanda Stephen Greene ya jagoranta. Kifi ya sami Bachelor of Arts daga Smith a 1960. Wannan ya biyo bayan zama na bazara a Makarantar Skowhegan na Art a Skowhegan,Maine a cikin 1961.
Kifi ya yi rajista a Makarantar Art da Architecture na Jami'ar Yale a New Haven, Connecticut,yana halartar daga 1960 zuwa 1963.Anan ta canza mata hankali daga sassaka zuwa zane.Mai koyar da ita ga ajin gabatarwa na zanen shine Alex Katz,wanda ya ƙarfafa ɗalibai su bincika abubuwan nunin a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na New York waɗanda suka faɗaɗa ilimin Kifi na fasaha na duniya.A wannan lokacin, makarantun fasaha sun kasance suna son koyarwar Abstract Expressionism,suna tasiri salon fasaha na Kifi.Ba da daɗewa ba ta ci gaba da nata alkibla tare da lura da cewa"Abstract Expressionism ba ya nufin komai a gare ni.Ka’ida ce.”
'Yan uwanta daliban Yale sun hada da Chuck Close,Richard Serra,Brice Marden, Nancy Graves,Sylvia da Robert Mangold, da Rackstraw Downes.A cikin 1963,Kifi ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka sami Jagora na Fine Arts daga Makarantar Fasaha da Gine-gine ta Yale.
Aiki
Kifi ya ƙi yarda da Abstract Expressionism wanda malamanta na Yale suka amince da shi suna jin"katsewa gaba ɗaya"daga gare ta kuma suna son a maimakon "kasancewar abubuwa".Ba tare da rugujewa da akidar tsantsar abstraction ba wacce ta yi mulki a cikin shekarunta na girma,Janet Fish ta haɗe da hotuna a duniyar gaske.An samo asali a cikin al'adar zamani na zamani da al'adun rayuwar Dutch har yanzu.aikinta yana manne da duniyar tabbataccen gogewa ta zamani.Kifi mai sauƙi,abubuwan da aka saba da su ana yin su tare da ƙayyadaddun tsari,wadataccen daki-daki da ƙwanƙwasa,palette na wurare masu zafi na ƙuruciyarta.
Kifi yana sha'awar zanen haske da kuma ra'ayi da take da shi a wani lokaci da ake kira"package",kamar tulu,cellophane,da wrappers.
Daga cikin abubuwan da ta fi so har da abubuwan yau da kullun,musamman nau'ikan kayan gilashin bayyanannu, ko dai babu komai ko kuma an cika su da ruwa kamar ruwa,giya,ko vinegar.Misalai sun fito ne daga tabarau,kwalabe, kwalabe,da kwalba zuwa kwanon kifi cike da ruwa da kifin zinare.Sauran batutuwan sun haɗa da teacups,furannin furanni, yadi tare da alamu masu ban sha'awa,kifin zinare,kayan lambu,da saman madubi.
Ko da yake an kwatanta aikin Kifi a matsayin Photorealist ko New Realism, ba ta la'akari da kanta a matsayin mai daukar hoto.Abubuwa,irin su abun da ke ciki da kuma amfani da launi,suna nuna ra'ayi na mai zane maimakon mai daukar hoto.
Rayuwa
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Yale,Kifi ya shafe shekara guda a Philadelphia sannan ya koma SoHo inda ta zama abokai da Louise Nevelson.
Kifi ya kasance malamin fasaha a Makarantar Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin)da kuma Parsons Sabuwar Makaranta don Zane(dukansu a Birnin New York),Jami’ar Syracuse( Syracuse, New York ),da Jami’ar Chicago.
Kifi ya yi aure guda biyu na ɗan gajeren lokaci,waɗanda ta yi iƙirarin ba su yi nasara ba aƙalla saboda babban burinta da kuma rashin son zama"matar gida mai kyau"Ta na zaune,kuma tana yin fenti,a cikin SoHo,New York City bene da gidan gonarta na Vermont a Middletown Springs.
nune-nunen
Nunin solo na Kifi na farko shine a Rutherford,Jami'ar Fairleigh Dickinson ta New Jersey a cikin 1967 kuma nunin ta na farko na New York ya biyo bayan shekaru biyu.An baje kolin kifi sama da sau 75 a cikin ƙasa da ƙasa.A ƙasa akwai zaɓi na nunin ayyukanta.
Ganewa
Mai sukar fasahar fasaha Gerrit Henry ya bayyana Kifi a matsayin wanda aka amince da shi a cikin rayuwa ta zamani.
Marubuciya ga jaridar The New York Times ta ce"Fish's"har yanzu zanen rai mai kishi ya taimaka wajen farfado da gaskiya a cikin shekarun' [sic]"kuma ta cika abubuwan yau da kullun da"mafi karfin gani da kuzari".Critic Vincent Katz ya yarda,yana mai cewa aikin Kifi"ana iya taƙaita shi azaman farfadowar nau'in rayuwa mai rai,ba ma'ana ba idan mutum yayi la'akari da cewa har yanzu rayuwa ta kasance mafi ƙarancin nau'in zanen haƙiƙa".
A cikin wata hira,mai zanen Amurka Eric Fischl ya yi magana game da sha'awarsa ga Janet Fish:"Tana daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa na gaske na zamaninta. Aikinta shine dutsen taɓawa,kuma yana da tasiri sosai.Duk wanda ya yi mu'amala da rayuwar gida dole ne ya bi ta,tana da matukar muhimmanci."
Aikin Kifin yana cikin tarin dindindin na cibiyoyi da gidajen tarihi da yawa.
Terry Armstrong
Terry Armstrong (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Gudu
Gudu Karamar Hukuma ce a Jihar Sokoto, Nigeria. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Balle.
Tare da yanki na 3,478 km 2 da yawan jama'a 95,544 a ƙidayar 2006, tare da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a 139,000 a cikin 2019. Gudu tana da iyaka da Jamhuriyar Nijar daga arewa da yamma, jihar Kebbi a kudu, karamar hukumar Binji daga kudu maso gabas, karamar hukumar Tangaza a gabas. A 1804 Gudu ita ce hedkwatar Khalifancin Sakkwato.
Gundumar Bachaka. wanda ya kunshi Bachaka, Chilas/Makuya da Gwazange/Boto Wards. Shugaban: Alhaji Aminu Abdullahi Bachaka.
Gundumar Balle . Comprised Balle, yanke-Chana, yanke-Sarki da Marake Wards.
Wanda ya jagoranta:
Gundumar Kurdula . Wanda ya kunshi Abulkiti, Kurdula da Tullun-Doya Wards.
Shugaban: Alhaji Suleiman Magawata.
Yankuna
Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 841.
Baƙin kasko
Baƙin kasko (Lissotis melanogaster) wani tsuntsu ne.
Wamako
Wamako karamar hukuma ce dake a jihar Sokoto, Arewa maso yamman Nijeriya.
Masallacin Süleymaniye
(Baturke: Süleymaniye Camii, furta [sylejˈmaːnije]) masallaci ne na daular Usmaniyya da ke kan Tudun Uku na Istanbul, Turkiyyah. Suleiman Mai Girma ne ya ba da umarnin masallacin kuma masanin gine - gine na Mimar Sinan ne ya tsara shi. Wani rubutu ya bayyana ranar kafuwar a matsayin 1550 da ranar da za a kaddamar da ita a matsayin 1557. Bayan bangon alkibla na masallacin akwai wani fili mai dauke da kabilu daban -daban na Suleiman Mai Girma da na matarsa ​​Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana). Tsawon shekaru 462, Masallacin Süleymaniye shine masallaci mafi girma a cikin birni, har zuwa lokacin da Masallacin Çamlıca ya zarce shi a shekarar 2019. Masallacin Süleymaniye yana daya daga cikin sanannun abubuwan gani na Istanbul, kuma daga inda yake akan Tudun Uku, shi yana ba da umarni ga ra'ayi mai faɗi game da garin kusa da ƙahon zinare.
Tarihi
Masallacin Süleymaniye, an gina shi ne bisa umurnin Sultan Süleyman (Süleyman the Magnificent), kuma masanin gine -gine na Mimar Sinan ne ya tsara shi. Rubutun harsashin Larabci da ke saman ƙofar arewa na masallacin an zana shi a rubutun thuluth akan bangarori uku na marmara. Yana ba da ranar kafuwar shekara ta 1550 da ranar kaddamar da 1557. A zahirin gaskiya an fara shirin masallacin kafin shekarar 1550 kuma ba a kammala sassan ginin ba sai bayan 1557.
Ramahurmuzi
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Khallād al-Rāmahurmuzī (Larabci: ابو محمد الحسن بد الرحمن بن خلاد الرامهرمزي) (?— kafin 971 CE/360 AH), wanda aka fi sani da shi a cikin littattafan tarihi kamar Ibn al-Khallād, masanin ilimin hadisi ne na Farisa kuma marubuci wanda ya rubuta ɗayan manyan littattafan farko da aka tattara a cikin littattafan adabin hadisi, al-Muḥaddith al-Fāṣil bayn al- Rāwī wa al-Wāʻī.
Masallacin Süleymaniye
Tarihi
Tsarin S theleymaniye kuma yana wasa akan wakilcin Süleyman na kansa a matsayin 'Sulemanu na biyu.' Ya ambaci Dome na Dutsen, wanda aka gina a wurin Haikalin Sulemanu, da kuma alfahari da Justinian bayan kammala Hagia Sophia: "Sulemanu, na zarce ku!". Süleymaniye, mai kama da ƙima ga sifofin da suka gabata, yana tabbatar da mahimmancin tarihin Süleyman. Duk da haka tsarin yana da ƙanƙanta da girma fiye da tsoffin archetype, Hagia Sophia.
Süleymaniye ya lalace a cikin babban gobara na 1660 kuma Sultan Mehmed IV ya maido da shi. Wani ɓangare na kumburin ya rushe yayin girgizar ƙasa na 1766. Gyaran gyare -gyare na gaba ya lalata abin da ya rage na asalin adon Sinan (tsaftacewa na baya -bayan nan ya nuna cewa Sinan ya gwada farko da shuɗi, kafin ya sanya ja ya zama babban launi na dome).
Ramahurmuzi
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ba a tantance takamaiman ranar haihuwar Al-Rāmahurmuzī ba, amma ana iya kimanta shi dangane da kwanakin rasuwar malamansa, yana sanya haihuwarsa kusan shekaru 100 kafin mutuwarsa. Don haka, 871/260 kimantawa ce daidai gwargwado, a cewar The Encyclopaedia of Islam, dangane da tsawon rayuwar da galibi ake ɗauka don ƙwararrun hadisi. Sunan al-Rāmahurmuzī alama ce ga Rām-hurmuz wani gari a Khūzistān a kudu maso yammacin Iran a yau. Mahimmancin Rām -hurmuz shine tsakiyar wurinsa a tsaka tsakanin Ahwaz, Shūshtar, Iṣfahān da Fārs tsakanin Āb -i Kurdistān da kogunan Gūpāl.
Ya fara karatun hadisi a 903/290, yana jin hadisi daga babansa, Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Khallād, da Muḥammad ibn Abdillāh al-Ḥaḍarī, Abū al-Ḥuṣayn al-Wādiʻī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥibbān al-Māzinī da sauran su tsara. Ya yi aiki a matsayin alƙali (qāḍī) na wani lokaci, ko da yake an ba da cikakken bayani. Al-Dhahabi ya bayyana Al-Rāmahurmuzī a matsayin "fitaccen limami ... wanda ya kasance daga limaman hadisi kuma wannan zai bayyana ga duk wanda ya yi tunani kan aikinsa a ilimin hadisi."
Masallacin Süleymaniye
Tarihi
A lokacin yakin duniya na 1 an yi amfani da farfajiyar a matsayin wurin ajiye makamai, kuma lokacin da wasu harsasai suka kunna wuta, masallacin ya sake samun wata gobara. Ba har zuwa 1956 aka sake dawo da shi cikakke.
Khalil Bani Attiah
Khalil Zaid Bani Attiah ( خليل زيد بني عطية  ; an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1991) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Jordan wanda ke buga wa ƙungiyar Al-Shamal da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar ta Jordan.
Ramahurmuzi
Tarihin Rayuwa
Dalibansa sun haɗa da Abū al-Ḥusayn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Saaydāwī, al-Hasan ibn al-Layth al-Shīrāzī, Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Mardawayh, Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq al-Nahāwandī da wasu da dama daga mazaunan Farisa.
Khalil Bani Attiah
Yana da kane mai suna Nourideen Bani Attiah, wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron ragar kungiyar Al-Faisaly da kungiyar matasan kasar Jordan.
Ayyuka
Wasan farko da Khaill ya buga da babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jordan ya kasance ne da Koriya ta Arewa a wasan sada zumunci na kasa da kasa, wanda ya haifar da kunnen doki 1-1, a Sharjah, UAE a ranar 29 Maris na shekarar 2011.
Desire Oparanozie
Ugochi Desire Oparanozie (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1993) Yar'Najeriya ce, wacce take buga wasan kwallon kafa na mata ƙwallon ƙafa amatsayin yar'wasan gaba, tana buga wasa a Division 1 Féminine ma ƙungiyar Guingamp da kuma ƙungiyar wasan kwallon kafa na matan Najeriya.
Mataki a duniya
Oparanozie takasance yar'wasan ƙungiyar Nigerian national team, a inda tare da ƙungiyar ta buga gasar FIFA Women's World Cup na shekarar 2011 da na shekara 2015. Amatsayinta ta matashiya wacce ta fara buga gasar 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup taci ƙwallaye 2 da kuma ƙwallaye 3 a gasar 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
Oparanozie ta kuma sake kasancewa acikin yar'wasan Najeriya a gasar African Women's Championship na 2010 da 2014, da 2016 da kuma na 2018 a inda da ita aka lashe dukkanin gasar hudu sannan kuma taci wani ƙayatacciyar free a wasan karshe na gasar shekarar 2014.
Ramahurmuzi
Tarihin Rayuwa
Al-Dhahabi ya ce bai iya gano ranar mutuwar Al-Rāmahurmuzī ba kuma ya yi hasashen cewa ya kasance a cikin shekarun 350 na Hijira, tsakanin 961 zuwa 971 AZ. Sannan ya nakalto Abū al-Kasim ibn Mandah kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin aikinsa, al-Wafayāt, cewa Al-Rāmahurmuzī ya rayu har kusan 971/360 yayin da yake zaune a cikin birnin Rām-hurmuz. Encyclopaedia of Islam ya kayyade mutuwarsa da ta faru a 971/360.
Desire Oparanozie
Matakin kulub
A 2012, ta koma Kulub Rossiyanka a Russian Women's Football Championship, tare dasu ta buga wasa hudu na gasar 2012–13 UEFA Women's Champions League, kuma taci ƙwallo daya.
Ramahurmuzi
Ayyuka
Al-Rāmahurmuzī mawaƙi ne kuma al-Thaʻālabī ne ya tattara kaɗan daga cikin waƙoƙinsa a cikin Yatīmah al-Dahr. Biyu daga cikin ayyukansa na da'awa sun wanzu har zuwa yanzu, dukansu sun shafi batun hadisi.
Desire Oparanozie
Matakin kulub
Oparanozie ta koma kulub Bundesliga na VfL Wolfsburg a kakan wasa na 2013–14 a wani kwantaragi da tayi na shekara biyu. A rabin kakan na farko, ta buga wasa daya ne kawai, inda ta buga yawancin wasa ma kulub Wolfsburg na biyu. Bayan ƙare rabin kakar ta bar ƙungiyar Wolfsburg. A 21 February 2014, Oparanozie ta koma kulub Ataşehir Belediyespor dan ta cigaba da bugawa wasa a kaka ta biyi na Turkish Women's First Football League.
Sannan a kakan wasa na 2014–15 ta koma Guingamp sake wasa a French Division 1 Féminine, inda ta hadu da wacce take riƙe kambun kungiyar mata ta Najeriya Evelyn Nwabuoku a kaka mai kamawa, wacce takasance yar'uwar Oparanozie ce.
Masallacin Süleymaniye
Na waje
Kamar sauran masallatan masarautar da ke Istanbul, ƙofar Masallacin da kanta an riga ta gaban ƙofar tare da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta tsakiya. Farfajiyar gidan tana da girma na musamman tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya tare da ginshiƙan marmara, granite da porphyry. An yi wa facade na arewa maso yamma na masallaci ado da kayan cin abinci na fale -falen fale -falen fale -falen buraka na Iznik. Masallaci shine gini na farko inda fale -falen Iznik suka haɗa da yumbu mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ƙarƙashin gilashi.
A kusurwoyi huɗu na farfajiyar akwai minare huɗu. Manyan minarets biyu masu tsayi suna da tashoshi uku (serifes) kuma suna hawa sama da 63.8 m (209 ft) ba tare da murfin jagoran su da 76 m (249 ft) gami da iyakoki. An yi amfani da ministoci guda huɗu don masallatan da sarkin musulmi ya ba su (sarakuna da sarakuna za su iya gina minina biyu; wasu guda ɗaya). Minarets ɗin suna da manyan gidajen tarihi 10, waɗanda bisa ga al'ada suna nuna cewa Suleiman I shine sarkin Ottoman na 10.
Babban dome yana da tsayin mita 53 (ƙafa 174) kuma yana da diamita na mita 26.5 (ƙafa 86.9) wanda shine daidai rabin tsayinsa. A lokacin da aka gina shi, dome ya kasance mafi girma a Daular Usmaniya, lokacin da aka auna shi daga matakin teku, amma har yanzu yana ƙasa daga gindinsa kuma ƙaramin diamita fiye da na Hagia Sophia.
Ciki
Ciki na masallacin kusan murabba'i ne, tsayin mita 59 (ƙafa 194) da faɗin mita 58 (ƙafa 190), yana yin sarari guda ɗaya. Ƙananan gidaje suna gefen dome, kuma zuwa arewa da kudu arches tare da tagogin tympana, waɗanda ke tallafawa da manyan rufin asiri. Sinan ya yanke shawarar yin wani sabon tsarin gine-gine don rufe manyan buttresses na arewa-kudu da ake buƙata don tallafawa waɗannan ginshiƙan tsakiyar. Ya shigar da bututresses ɗin a cikin bangon ginin, tare da rabi yana yin ciki ciki kuma rabi yana nunawa a waje, sannan kuma ya ɓoye tsinkayen ta hanyar gina manyan ɗakuna. Akwai taswirar guda ɗaya a cikin tsarin, da gidan mai hawa biyu a waje.
An ƙawata kayan ado na ciki tare da tagogin gilashi masu ƙyalli waɗanda aka ƙuntata ga bangon alƙibla. Ana amfani da murfin tile Iznik kawai a kusa da mihrab. Fale-falen faranti masu maimaitawa suna da tsarin fure kamar stencil akan farar ƙasa. Furannin galibi shuɗi ne tare da turquoise, ja da baƙi amma ba a amfani da kore. A kowane gefe na mihrab akwai manyan da'irar kiran kira ta Iznik tayal tare da rubutu daga suratul Al-Fatiha na Alqur'ani (1:1-7). Farin marmara mihrab da mimbar suma suna da sauƙi a ƙira, kuma an ƙuntata aikin katako, tare da zane mai sauƙi a cikin hauren giwa da uwar lu'u -lu'u.
Makabartu
A cikin katangar bango a bayan bangon alƙibla na masallacin akwai mausoleums daban -daban (türbe) na Sultan Suleiman I da matarsa ​​Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana). An binne kabarin Hurrem Sultan a ranar 1558, shekarar mutuwarta. An ƙawata ciki mai gefe 16 tare da fale -falen Iznik. Gilashin kusurwoyi guda bakwai an mamaye su da fale -falen buraka da faranti. Tsakanin tagogin akwai wasu alfarma huɗu irin na mihrab. Rufin rufin yanzu an yi masa farar fata amma wataƙila an taɓa fentin shi cikin launuka masu haske.
Babban kabarin da ya fi girma na Suleiman Mai Girma yana ɗauke da ranar 1566, shekarar mutuwarsa, amma wataƙila ba a kammala ba sai shekara ta gaba. Mausoleum yana kewaye da peristyle tare da rufi mai goyan bayan ginshiƙai 24 kuma yana da ƙofar yana fuskantar gabas maimakon arewa da aka saba. A ƙarƙashin baranda a kowane gefen ƙofar akwai bangarori masu tayal na Iznik. Waɗannan su ne fale -falen faranti na farko waɗanda aka yi wa ado da launin koren emerald mai haske wanda zai zama fasali na kayan yumɓun Iznik. Ciki yana da dome na ƙarya da aka tallafa a kan ginshiƙai takwas a cikin harsashin waje. Akwai tagogi 14 da aka saita a matakin ƙasa da ƙarin windows 24 tare da gilashin da aka saka a cikin tympana ƙarƙashin arches. An rufe ganuwar da abin rufe fuska da fale -falen polychrome Iznik. A kusa da ɗakin sama da tagogin akwai ƙyallen fale -falen buraka. Nassin ya kawo ayar Al'arshi da ayoyi biyu masu zuwa daga Al-Qur'ani (2: 255-58). Baya ga kabarin Suleiman mai girma, kabarin yana binne kaburburan 'yarsa Mihrimah Sultan da na sarakuna biyu daga baya: Suleiman II (wanda ya yi mulkin 1687 - 1691) da Ahmed II (wanda ya yi mulkin 1691–1695).
Hadaddun
Kamar sauran masallatan masarautu a Istanbul, Masallacin Süleymaniye an ƙera shi azaman külliye, ko hadaddun tare da tsarin kusa don biyan bukatun addini da al'adu. Ginin na asali ya ƙunshi masallacin da kansa, asibiti (darüşşifa), makarantar firamare, wanka na jama'a (hamam), caravanserai, makarantun Kur'ani huɗu (medrese), makarantar musamman ta koyon hadisi, kwalejin likita, da kicin na jama'a (imaret) wanda ke ba wa talakawa abinci. Yawancin waɗannan gine -ginen har yanzu suna nan, kuma tsohon imaret yanzu sanannen gidan abinci ne. Tsohuwar asibitin yanzu ita ce masana'antar buga littattafai mallakar Sojojin Turkiyya.
Kusa da bangon masallacin, a arewa akwai kabarin masanin gine -ginen Sinan. An maido da shi gaba daya a 1922.
Thomas Armstrong
Thomas Armstrong (an haife shi a shekara ta 1898 - ya mutu bayan shekara ta 1921) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Canwood
Canwood (yawan jama'a na 2021 : 314) ƙauye ne a lardin Kanada na Saskatchewan a cikin Karamar Hukumar Canwood Lamba 494 da Sashen Ƙididdiga na No. 16.
Tommy Arkesden
Tommy Arkesden (an haife a shekara ta 1878 - ya mutu bayan shekara ta 1951), shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Canwood
Tarihi
Tun lokacin da aka daidaita, Canwood ya shiga canje-canjen suna. Bayanan da ofishin gidan waya ke adana sun nuna ainihin sunan mazaunin Parksideing, amma babu wata shaida da ta nuna cewa an taɓa yin aiki da sunan. Ofishin gidan waya ya bude ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1911, yana aiki da sunan McQuan; wannan kuskuren rubutu ne, kuma bayan watanni uku an gyara sunan zuwa McOwan. Wannan sunan ya girmama Alexander McOwan, majagaba wanda ya kasance wakilin shige da fice, manajan gidaje, kuma marubuci. A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1912, an sake canza sunan al'ummar zuwa Forgaard don girmama Jens Forgaard, ɗan ƙasar Norway wanda ya yi hijira daga Minnesota. Daidai shekara ɗaya bayan haka, ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1913, an canza sunan a karo na ƙarshe zuwa Canwood, wanda shine tashar tashar Kanada Woodlands. Canwood an haɗa shi azaman ƙauye a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1916.
Doki
Amfani
Doki yana da amfani a gurin yan adam, suna amfani da shi tin a zamanin da wajen tafiye-tafiye, wasanni, noma, yaki da kuma ban ruwa a gona, sannan kuma ana sanya ma doki linzami da abin hawa domin mutum ya hau saman kanshi yayi tafiya, sannan ana amfani da su a filin yaki.
Canwood
Geography
Canwood yana kan Babbar Hanya 55, kuma yana makwabtaka da garuruwan Debden da Shellbrook. Yankin Canwood yana da nisan 5 km kudu maso gabas daga Canwood tare da Babbar Hanya 55. Tana da wuraren zama 20, filin wasan golf mai ramuka tara, da lu'u-lu'u na baseball uku, kuma yana buɗewa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba.
Doki
Tarihi
Tin asali dan adam yana hawa doki domin bukatan kansa