cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Maria Montessori
Makarantar Orthophrenic
A cikin shekarar 1901, Montessori ta bar Makarantar Orthophrenic da ayyukanta na sirri, kuma a cikin shekarar 1902, ta shiga makarantar digiri na Falsafa a Jami'ar Rome. (Falsafa a wancan lokacin wanda ya hada da yawancin abin da ake tunanin yanzu shine ilimin halin dan adam. ) Ta karanci ilimin falsafa da ilimin halin kirki, tarihin falsafa, da ilimin halin dan Adam irin wannan, amma ba ta sauke karatu ba. Ta kuma ci gaba da bincike mai zurfi a cikin ilmin kimiya na mutumtaka da falsafar ilimi, da gudanar da lura da binciken gwaji a makarantun firamare, sannan ta sake nazarin aikin Itard da Séguin, tare da fassara littattafansu zuwa Italiyanci na rubutun hannu. A wannan lokacin ta fara tunanin daidaita hanyoyin ta na ilimantar da yara masu nakasassu ga ilimin duniya, ta kasance mace mai kula sosai martabar mutane.
Aikin Montessori yana haɓaka abin da ta kira daga baya "kimiyyar pedagogy" ya ci gaba a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Har yanzu a cikin shekarar 1902, Montessori ta gabatar da rahoto a babban taron koyarwa na kasa na biyu a Naples. Ta buga labarai biyu a kan hanyar koyarwa a cikin shekarar 1903, kuma biyu a shekara mai zuwa. A shekara ta 1903 da 1904, ta yi binciken ilimin ɗan adam tare da yaran childrenan makarantar, kuma a cikin shekarar 1904, ta sami digiri a matsayin malami mai ƙwaƙwalwa a fannin ilimin alaƙa na Jami'ar Rome. An nada ta don yin karatu a cikin makarantar Pedagogic a Jami'ar kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin matsayi har zuwa shekarar 1908. An buga jawabinta amatsayin littafi mai suna Pedagogical Anthropology a 1910.
1906-1911: Casa dei Bambini da yaduwar ra'ayoyin Montessori
A cikin shekarar 1906 aka gayyaci Montessori data kula da kulawa akan ilimin kungiyar gungun yara na iyayen da ke aiki a wani sabon ginin gidaje don iyalai masu karamin karfi a gundumar San Lorenzo a Rome. Montessori ta kasance mai sha'awar amfani da ayyukanta da hanyoyin ta don yara masu tunani a cikin al'ada, kuma ta yarda. Sunan Casa dei Bambini, ko Gidan Yara, an ba da shine ga Montessori, kuma Casa ta farko an buɗe e a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1907, tana rajistar yara 50 ko 60 tsakanin shekaru biyu zuwa uku da shida ko bakwai.
A farko, an shirya aji mai dauke da teburin malami da allo, da murhu, da kananan kujeru, da kujeru, da teburin rukunin yara, tare da akwatin kulle dakin kula da kayan da Montessori ta kirkira a Makarantar Orthophrenic. Ayyukan yara sun haɗa da kulawa ta mutum kamar sutura da sanya rigar ciki, kula da yanayi kamar ƙura da sharewa, da kuma kula da lambun. Hakanan an nuna wa yaran amfani da kayan da Montessori ta bunkasa. Montessori da kanta, sun yi aiki da koyarwa, bincike, da sauran ayyukan ƙwararru, ta kula da lura da aikin aji, amma ba koyar da yara kai tsaye. An ba da koyarwar yau da kullun da kulawa, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Montessori, ta hannun mai ginin gidan.
A cikin wannan aji na farko, Montessori ta lura da halayen ɗalibai a cikin waɗannan ƙananan yara waɗanda suka kafa tushen tsarin karatun ta. Ta lura da jerin abubuwan da ta lakanci maida hankali da zurfafawa da yawaitawa, da maimaituwa kan tsari a cikin muhalli. Da aka ba su zaɓi na ayyukan kyauta, yaran sun nuna sha'awar ayyuka masu kyau da kayan Montessori fiye da kayan wasan yara da aka tanada masu, kuma abin mamaki ba su da ɗanɗano da sauran lada. Da shigewar lokaci, ta ga wata dabara ta ba da kai. Dangane da abubuwan da ta lura, Montessori ta aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa wadanda suka zama alamomin falsafar ilimi da kuma tsarinta. Ta maye gurbin manyan kayan daki da teburin kananan yara da kujeru masu haske wanda yaran zasu iya motsawa, tare da sanya kayan kananan yara a kanannan katako. Ta kara fadada ayyuka masu amfani kamar su shan ruwa da kuma kulawa ta mutum domin hadawa da wasu darussan motsa jiki don kula da yanayi da kai, gami da shirya fure, wanke hannu, motsa jiki, kula da dabbobi, da dafa abinci. Ta kuma hada manyan bangarorin bude kofa a cikin dakin karfafa yara su zo su tafi yadda suka ga dama a cikin bangarorin dakin daban-daban da kuma darussan da ke cikin dakin. A cikin littafinta ta baiyana misalin darajojin ranar hunturu da aka fara, wadanda suka fara daga 09:00  ni kuma na kammala a karfe 04:00 na yamma.
Ta ji ajikinta cewa ta hanyar yin aiki da yara zaisa ukai ga iya isa ga sabon matakan samun mulkin kai kuma ya zama mai himma don kai sabon matakan fahimta. Montessori ta kuma yi imani da cewa sanin kowane ɗayan kowane mutum da kuma kula da su hakan zai samar da ingantaccen ilimi da ingantaccen damar a cikin kowane ɗan yaro. Ta ci gaba da daidaitawa da kuma gyara kayan da ta kirkira a baya, canza ko cire darussan da yaran da ba su zaɓa ba kdaoyaushe. Hakanan an danganta da abubuwan lura da ita, Montessori tayi gwaji tare da baiwa yara damar zaban kayan, aikin da bai katse ba, da kuma 'yancin motsi da aiki a cikin iyakokin da yankin ya tsara. Ta fara ganin 'yancin kai a matsayin manufar ilimi, da kuma matsayin malamin a matsayin mai sanya ido da kuma darektan ci gaban ilimin rayuwar yara.
Yada ilimin Montessori a Italiya
Casa dei Bambini na farko ya kasance nasara, sannan aka buɗe na biyu a watan Afrilu 7, shekarar 1907. Yaran da ke cikin shirye-shiryenta sun ci gaba da nuna natsuwa, kulawa, da kamun kai da kansu, kuma manyan makarantu sun fara jawo hankulan manyan malamai, 'yan jarida da kuma jama'a. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1907, Montessori ta fara gwajin kayan koyarwa don rubutu da karatu — haruffa da aka yanke daga sandpaper da aka hau kan allon, almakashi masu yanke ƙauna, da katunan hoto tare da alamomi. -A-an shekaru huɗu zuwa biyar suna aiki tare da kayan kuma cikin sauri suka sami ƙwarewa a rubuce da karatu fiye da abin da ake tsammani na shekarunsu. Wannan ya jawo hankalin jama'a ga aikin Montessori. Wasu ƙarin Case dei Bambini an buɗe su a cikin shekarar 1908, kuma a cikin shekarar 1909, Italiya da Switzerland sun fara maye gurbin hanyoyin Froebellian zuwa ta Montessori a cikin gidajen-marayu da kananan makarantu. A cikin shekarar 1909, Montessori ta dauki darasi na farko na horar da malamai a sabuwar hanyar ta a Città di Castello, Italiya. A wannan shekarar, ta bayyana abubuwan lura da kuma hanyoyin ta a cikin wani littafi mai suna Il Metodo della Pedagogia Scientifica Applyato All'Educazione Infantile Nelle Case Dei Bambini ( Hanyar Ilimin Kimiyya na ilimin kimiyya da Aiwatar da Ilimin Ilimin Yara a Gidajen Yara ). An yi ƙarin horo na biyu a Rome a shekarar 1910, kuma na uku a Milan a shekarar 1911. Darajar Montessori da aikinta sun fara yaduwa a cikin ƙasashen duniya kuma, a kusa da wannan lokacin ta daina aikinta na likita don ba da lokaci mafi yawa ga aikinta na ilimi, da inganta hanyoyinta, da horar da malamai. A shekara ta 1919, ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na Jami’ar Rome, saboda aikinta na ilimi yana ƙara karɓar dukkan lokacinta da sha'awarta.
1909-1915: Girmamawa a duniya da haɓakar ilimin Montessori
Tun daga farkon 1909, aikin Montessori ya fara jawo hankalin masu sa ido na duniya da baƙi. Ayyukanta suna yaduwa cikin ƙasashen duniya, kuma suna yaduwa cikin sauri. A karshen shekarar 1911, Montessori ta sami karɓar gudanar da ilimin Montessori a makarantun gwamnati a Italiya da Switzerland, kuma an shirya shi don ayi a Burtaniya. Ya zuwa 1912, makarantun Montessori sun buɗe a Paris da kuma sauran biranen Yammacin Turai, kuma ana shirin yi a Argentina, Australiya, China, Indiya, Japan, Koriya, Mexico, Switzerland, Syuriya, Amurka, da New Zealand. Shirye-shiryen jama'a a London, Johannesburg, Rome, da Stockholm sun karbi hanyar a tsarin tsarin makarantunsu. An kafa ƙungiyoyin Montessori a cikin Amurka (Kwamitin Montessori American) da United Kingdom (Montessori Society for the United Kingdom). A cikin 1913 aka gudanar da Koyar da horo na Kasa da Kasa na farko a Rome, tare da na biyu a shekara ta 1914. An fassara ayyukan Montessori sosai kuma an buga su a wannan lokaci. Il Metodo della Pedagogia Scientifica an buga shi a Amurka amatsayin The Montessori Hanyar: Ilimin ilimin kimiyya kamar yadda aka Aiwatar da Ilimin Yara a cikin Gidajen Yara (wato The Montessori Method: Scientific Pedogogy as Applied to Child Education in the Children Houses), inda ya zama mafi yawan siyarwa. Bugun Burtaniya da Switzerland suka biyo baya. An buga bita na Italiyanci wanda aka sake bugawa a cikin 1913. Buga da Rashanci da Yaren mutanen Poland sun fito a cikin 1913 kuma fitowar Jaridun, Jafana, da Romaniyan a cikin 1914, sai kuma Spanish (1915), Dutch (1916), da kuma Danish (1917). An buga Pedagogical Anthropology a cikin Ingilishi a 1913. A shekara ta 1914, Montessori ta buga, cikin Ingilishi, Doctor Montessori's Handbook, jagorar mai amfani ga kayan aikin da ta bunkasa.
Montessori a Amurka
Montessori ta dawo Amurka a 1915, wanda kungiyar Ilimi ta Nationalasa ta dauki nauyi kuma ta ba da sanarwar gudummawa don nuna ayyukanta ataron Bayanai na Panama-Pacific a San Francisco, California, kuma don ba da horo na uku na ƙasa. An saka aji a gilashin gilashin a yayin Exposition, kuma dubun dubatar masu kallo sun zo ganin aji na ɗalibai 21. mahaifin Montessori ya mutu a watan Nuwamba 1915, kuma ta koma Italiya.
Kodayake Montessori da tsarinta na koyar da ilimi sun shahara sosai a Amurka, amma ba tare da hamayya da jayayya ba. William heard Kilpatrick, malamin Falsafa na Amurka kuma mai neman canji a fannin ilimi John Dewey, ya rubuta littafin suka ga tsarin da mahimmancin da aka yi wa lakabi da Motar Montessori, wanda ke da babban tasiri. Kungiyar Kan Rana ta wasan Kwando ta ƙasa ta kasance mai mahimmanci. Masu sukar sunyi zargin cewa hanyar Montessori ta wuce gona da iri, da tsauraran matakai, tawakkali kan koyar da hankali, kuma ya rage karancin tunani, mu'amala tsakanin mutane, da wasa. Bugu da kari, dagewar Montessori game da tsauraran matakan fadada tsarinta, horar da malamai, samarwa da kuma amfani da kayan, da kuma kafa makarantu ya zama sanadiyyar rikici da jayayya. Bayan da ta fita a shekarar 1915, tsarin Montessori a Amurka ya rarrabu, kuma Montessori ilimin ya kasance abin sakaci a cikin tsarin karatua a Amurka har zuwa 1952.
Netherlands (1917-1919)
A cikin shekarar 1917, Montessori ta karantar a Amsterdam, kuma an kafa Netherlands Montessori Society. Ta dawo ne a shekarar 1920 don bayar da jawabai daban-daban a Jami'ar Amsterdam. Shirye-shiryen Montessori sun bunƙasa a cikin Netherlands, kuma zuwa tsakiyar 1930s akwai makarantun Montessori sama da 200 a cikin ƙasar. A cikin 1935 hedkwatar Montungiyar Montessori Internationale, ko AMI, ta koma dindindin zuwa Amsterdam.
Kasar Burtaniya (1919-191936)
Karantarwar Montessori ya hadu tare da himma da jayayya a Ingila tsakanin 1912 da 1914. A shekara ta 1919, Montessori ta zo Ingila a karon farko kuma ta ba da horo na kasa da kasa wanda aka karbe shi da babbar sha'awa. Ilimin Montessori ya ci gaba da yaduwa a Burtaniya, kodayake ƙungiyar ta sami wasu gwagwarmaya game da amincin da rarrabuwa wanda ya gudana a Amurka. Montessori ya ci gaba da ba da horo a Ingila duk sauran shekara guda har zuwa farkon Yaƙin Duniya na II. kuma
Italiya (1922-1934)
A cikin shekara ta 1922, an gayyaci Montessori zuwa Italiya a madadin gwamnati don ba da darussan laccoci kuma daga baya duba makarantun Montessori na Italiya. Daga baya a wannan shekarar gwamnatin Fasito ta Benito Mussolini ta hau kan mulki a Italiya. A watan Disamba, Montessori ta dawo Italiya don shirin jerin darussan horarwa na shekara-shekara a karkashin tallafin gwamnati, kuma a shekarar 1923, ministan ilimi Giovanni Gentile ya bayyana cikakken goyon bayansa ga makarantun Montessori da horar da malamai. A cikin shekara ta 1924, Montessori ya sadu da Mussolini, wanda ya ba da cikakkiyar goyon baya ga ilimin Montessori a zaman wani ɓangare na shirin ƙasa. Preungiyoyin pre-war na magoya bayan Montessori, Societa gli Amici del Metodo Montessori (kungiyar Abokan Montessori Method) ta zama kungiyar Opera Montessori (Montessori Society) tare da amintattun gwamnati, kuma a shekarar 1926, Mussolini ya zama shugaban girmamawa na ƙungiyar. A cikin shekarar 1927, Mussolini ya kafa kwalejin horar da malamin Montessori, kuma ya zuwa 1929 gwamnatin Italiya ta tallafa wa cibiyoyin Montessori da yawa. Koyaya, daga shekarar 1930, Montessori da gwamnatin Italiya sun shiga rikici game da tallafin kudi da kuma akida, musamman bayan lafuzan Montessori kan Lafiya da Ilimi. A cikin shekarar 1932, ita da ɗanta Mario an sanya su a ƙarƙashin sa ido akan siyasa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1933, ta yi murabus daga Opera Montessori, kuma a shekarar 1934, ta bar Italiya. Gwamnatin Italiya ta kawo karshen ayyukan Montessori a cikin kasar a cikin shekarar 1936. Montessori ta cigaba da karbuwa a kasashe da dama a fadin duniya inda ta rika zuwa kasashe tana karantar da mutane akan hayar karantarwar ta..
Sauran ƙasashe
Montessori ta karantar a Vienna a 1923, kuma an buga laccocin ta kamar Il Bambino a Famiglia, an buga shi a Turanci a 1936 a matsayin The Child in the Family. Tsakanin shekarar 1913 zuwa 1936 an kuma kafa makarantun Montessori da al'ummomi a Faransa, Jamus, Switzerland, Belgium, Rasha, Serbia, Kanada, India, China, Japan, Indonesia, Australia, da New Zealand.
Kungiyar Montessori Internationale
A cikin shekarar 1929, an yi taron farko na Montessori na kasa da kasa a Elsinore, Denmark, tare da haɗin Fifth Conference na New Education Fellowship. A wannan taron, Montessori da ɗanta Mario sun kafa Montungiyar Montessori Internationale ko AMI "don sa ido kan ayyukan makarantu da al'ummomi a duk faɗin duniya kuma su kula da horar da malamai." Har ila yau, AMI ta sarrafa haƙƙin wallafa ayyukan Montessori da kuma samar da kayan aikin Montessori didactic. Masu tallafawa na farkon na AMI sun haɗa da Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, da Rabindranath Tagore.
Zaman lafiya
A cikin shekarar 1932, Montessori ta yi magana game da zaman lafiya da Ilimi a Babban Taro na Montessori na biyu a Nice, Faransa; Ofishin Kasa da Kasa ne, ya buga laccon shi a Geneva, Switzerland. A cikin shekarar 1932, Montessori ta yi jawabi a taron kira kan Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya a Geneva, Switzerland, kan taken zaman lafiya da Ilimi. Montessori ta gudanar da taron zaman lafiya daga shekarar 1932 zuwa 1939, a Geneva, Brussels, Copenhagen, da Utrecht, wadanda daga baya aka buga su cikin Italiyanci kamar Educazione e Pace, kuma a Turanci a matsayin Education and Peace. A shekara ta 1949, da kuma sake sata a cikin shekarar 1950 da kuma a shekarar 1951, Montessori ta zama cikin wanda za'a ba lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel, inda aka karɓi jimlar mutane guda shida.
Laren, Netherlands (1936-1939)
A cikin shekarar 1936 Montessori da iyalinta sun bar Barcelona zuwa Ingila, kuma ba da daɗewa ba suka ƙaura zuwa Laren, kusa da Amsterdam. Montessori da ɗanta Mario sun ci gaba da sabbin kayan abubuwa a nan, gami da fasahar murƙushewa, alamomin nahawu, da katunan notanclature. Dangane da tashe tashen hankula na soja a cikin Turai, Montessori ta ƙara maida hankalinta ga taken zaman lafiya. A shekara ta 1937, an gudanar da babban taro na kasa da kasa na Montessori na 6 a kan taken "Ilimi don Zaman Lafiya", kuma Montessori ta yi kira da "kimiyyar zaman lafiya" kuma ta yi magana game da matsayin ilimin yara kamar yadda mabuɗi don sake fasalin jama'a. A cikin shekarar 1938, theungiyar Theosophical Society ta gayyaci Montessori zuwa Indiya don ba da horo, kuma a 1939 ta bar Netherlands tare da ɗanta da abokin aiki Mario.
1939-1946: Montessori a Indiya
Sha'awar Montessori ta kasance a Indiya tun a shekarar 1913, lokacin da ɗalibin Indiya ya halarci karatun farko na ƙasa a Rome, kuma ɗalibai a cikin shekarun 1920 zuwa 1930 sun dawo Indiya don fara makarantu da inganta ilimin Montessori. An kafa Kungiyar Montessori ta Indiya a cikin shekarar 1926, kuma an fassara Il Metodo cikin Gujarati da Hindi a shekarar 1927. Ya zuwa 1929, mawakiyar Indiya Rabindranath Tagore ta kafa makarantu da yawa "Tagore-Montessori" a Indiya, kuma an ba da wakilci sosai a fannin ilimin Indiya a Montessori a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 1929. Montessori ita da kanta tana da haɗin kai da ƙungiyar Theosophical Society tun daga shekarar 1907. Yunkurin Theosophical, wanda aka himmatu don ilimantar da talakawa na Indiya, an jawo shi zuwa ilimin Montessori a matsayin mafita guda.
Kwarewa a Indiya
Montessori ya ba da horo a Kungiyar Theosophical Society a Madras a cikin shekarar 1939, kuma ya yi niyyar ba da jawabai a jami'o'i daban-daban, sannan ya koma Turai. Koyaya, lokacin da Italiya ta shiga yakin duniya na II a gefen Jamusawa a cikin shekarar 1940, Burtaniya ta saka duk Italiyanci a Burtaniya da mulkinta a matsayin baƙon makiyi. A zahiri kawai Mario Montessori ya kasance mai ɗaukar hoto, yayin da Montessori kanta aka kulle ta da cibiyar ta Theosophical Society, kuma Mario ya sake saduwa da mahaifiyarsa bayan watanni biyu. Montessoris ya ci gaba da zama a Madras da Kodaikanal har zuwa shekarar 1946, kodayake an ba su damar yin tafiya dangane da laccoci da darussan.
Kayan karatun boko, ilimin kwalliya, da haihuwa zuwa uku
A cikin shekarun rayuwarta a Indiya, Montessori da ɗanta Mario sun ci gaba da haɓaka hanyar karatun ta. Kalmar "ilimin ilimin halittar jiki" an gabatar dashi don bayyana tsarin kula da yara masu shekaru daga shida zuwa shekaru goma sha biyu wanda ya jaddada jituwa ga dukkanin abubuwan duniyar duniyar. Yara sunyi aiki kai tsaye tare da tsirrai da dabbobi a cikin mahallinsu na al'ada, kuma Montessoris ta haɓaka darussan, zane-zane, zane-zane, da samfuri don amfani tare da ƙananan yara na farko. An ƙirƙiri abu don ilmin dabbobi, da labarin ƙasa. Tsakanin shekara ta 1942 zuwa 1944 an haɗa waɗannan abubuwan a cikin babban tafarki don aiki tare da yara daga shekaru shida zuwa sha biyu. Wannan aikin ya haifar da littattafai guda biyu: Ilimi don Sabon Duniya da Don Ilmantar da Humanan Adam.
Yayin da yake cikin Indiya, Montessori ta lura da yara da matasa na kowane zamani, kuma sun juya zuwa karatun ƙuruciya. A cikin shekarar 1944, ta ba da laccoci iri-iri a kan shekaru uku na farko na rayuwa, da kuma makarantar horarwa da gwamnati ta amince da su a Sri Lanka. An tattara waɗannan laccoci ne a shekara ta 1949 a cikin littafin me Ya Kamata Ku Yi Game da Yaran ku.
A cikin shekarar 1944, an ba Monttorois wasu 'yanci motsi kuma sun yi tafiya zuwa Sri Lanka. A cikin shekara ta 1945, Montessori ta halarci taron farko na Indiya Montessori a Jaipur, kuma a cikin shekarar 1946, tare da yaƙe-yaƙe, ita da iyalinta sun koma Turai.
1946-1952: Shekarun ƙarshe
A cikin shekarar 1946, lokacin tana da shekaru 76, Montessori ta dawo Amsterdam, amma ta kwashe shekaru shida masu zuwa tafiya Turai da Indiya. Ta ba da horo a Landan a cikin shekarar 1946, kuma a 1947, ta bude cibiyar koyar da horo a can, Cibiyar Montessori. Bayan 'yan shekaru wannan cibiyar ta sami' yancin kanta daga Montessori kuma ta ci gaba a matsayin Cibiyar Horarwa ta St. Nicholas. Hakanan a cikin 1947, ta koma Italiya don sake kafa Opera Montessori kuma ta ba wasu ƙarin horo biyu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta dawo Indiya inda ta ba da horo a Adyar da Ahmedabad. Wadannan darussan sun haifar da littafin The Absorbent Mind, wanda Montessori ya ba da bayanin ci gaban yaro tun daga haihuwa har zuwa gaba da gabatar da manufar Tsarin Haɓaka Goma na huɗu. A cikin shekarar 1948, an sake buga Il Metodo kuma aka buga shi cikin Ingilishi kamar yadda Discovery of the Yara. A cikin shekarar 1949, ta ba da horo a Pakistan kuma aka kafa essungiyar Montessori Pakistan.
A cikin shekarar 1949, Montessori ta dawo Turai kuma ta halarci Babban Taro na Montessori na 8 a Sanremo, Italiya, inda aka nuna salon aji. A wannan shekarar, an fara koyar da horo na farko don haihuwa zuwa shekaru uku, wanda ake kira Scuola Assistenti all'infanzia (Montessori School for Assistants to Infancy). An ba ta lambar yabo ta Nobel Peace Prize. An kuma bai wa Montessori lambar girmamawa ta Faransa, Darakta ta Dutch of Orange Nassau, kuma ya samu lambar girmamawa ta Jami’ar Amsterdam. A cikin shekarar 1950, ta ziyarci Scandinavia, wakilcin Italiya a taron UNESCO a Florence, wanda aka gabatar a yayin horo na 29 na kasa da kasa a Perugia, ya ba da horo na kasa a Rome, an buga bugu na biyar na Il Metodo tare da sabon taken La Scoperta del Bambino ( The Discovery na Yara ), kuma an sake nada shi don lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel. A cikin shekarar 1951, ta shiga cikin Taro na 9 na kasa da kasa na Montessori a London, ta ba da horo a Innsbruck, an zabe ta a karo na uku don lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel. Montessori ya mutu bayan cutar malali a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1952, yana da shekara 81 a Noordwijk aan Zee, Netherlands.
Legacy
An nuna makarantun Maria Montessori da Montessori akan tsabar kudi da banki na Italiya, sannan akan tambura na Netherlands, Indiya, Italiya, Maldives, Pakistan da Sri Lanka. A shekarata 2020, Lokaci ya zabi Montessori a matsayin daya daga cikin Manyan Mata 100 na shekarar, wani lamunin wanda ya baiwa kyautar Kyautar Shekara.
Tasirin farko
Tunanin Jeaness Gaspard Itard, Édouard Séguin, Friedrich Fröbel, da Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, dukkansu sun ba da fifikon bincike da halayyar ilimi. Aiki na farko na Montessori tare da yara masu nakasa, a cikin School na Orthophrenic a cikin 1900-11901, sun yi amfani da hanyoyin Itard da Séguin, horar da yara a cikin ayyukan jiki kamar tafiya da kuma amfani da cokali, horar da hankalinsu ta hanyar bayyanar da gani, kamshi, da gogewa mai ban tsoro, da kuma gabatar da haruffa a sikelin tactile. Wadannan ayyukan sun haɓaka cikin kayan Montessori "Sensorial".
Casa dei Bambini
Aiki tare da yara marasa nakasassu a cikin Casa dei Bambini a cikin shekarar 1907, Montessori ta fara kirkirar karatun kanta. Abubuwa masu mahimmanci na ka'idodinta na ilimi sun samo asali daga wannan aikin, wanda aka bayyana a cikin Hanyar The Montessori a cikin shekarar 1912, da kuma cikin Discovery of the Yara a shekarar 1948. An kafa tushenta ne bisa lura da yara a 'yanci don aiwatar da yardar kaina a cikin yankin da aka shirya don biyan bukatunsu. Montessori ya kammala da cewa aikin yara a cikin wannan yanayi ya nuna wani shiri na ciki na ci gaba, kuma matsayin da ya dace na malamin shine ya cire wani cikas ga wannan cigaban halitta tare da samar da damar hakan don ci gaba da bunkasa.
Don haka, an shigar da ɗakunan makarantar ɗakunan yara masu yara, "ayyukan rayuwa" masu amfani kamar su sharewa da teburin wanka, da kayan koyarwa waɗanda Montessori ta bunkasa kanta. An bai wa yara 'yancin zaɓan da kuma tafiyar da ayyukansu, a nasu wuraren da bin sha'awar kansu. A cikin waɗannan yanayin, Montessori ta sanya abubuwan lura da yawa waɗanda suka zama tushen aikinta. Da farko, ta lura da sanya hankali sosai a cikin yara da kuma maimaitawa ta hanyar abubuwan da aka zaɓa. Har ila yau, ta lura da irin mummunan halin da yaran ke yi na yin odar yankin nasu, da daidaita tebur da shelves da yin odar kayayyakin. Yayinda yara suka zaɓi wasu ayyukan akan wasu, Montessori ta gyara kayan da ta basu. Bayan wani lokaci, yaran sun fara nuna abin da ta kira "ladabi mara lafiyan".
Karin ci gaba da ilimin Montessori a yau
Montessori ta ci gaba da bunkasa tsarinta da tsarinta na ci gaban ɗan adam yayin da take fadada ayyukanta tare da faɗaɗawa ga yara mazan. Ta ga halayen mutane kamar yadda kowa ke bi da shi, halaye na asali a cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wanda ɗanta da mai ba da gudummawa Mario Montessori ya bayyana a matsayin "sha'awar ɗan adam" a cikin 1957. Bugu da kari, ta lura lokuta daban-daban, ko "jirage", a cikin ci gaban mutum, daga haihuwa zuwa shekaru shida, daga shida zuwa goma sha biyu, daga sha biyu zuwa goma sha takwas, daga goma sha takwas zuwa ashirin da huɗu. Ta ga halaye daban-daban, yanayin koyo, da kuma ci gaban ci gaban da ke aiki a kowane daga cikin wadannan jirage, ta kuma yi kira da a samar da hanyoyin da suka shafi ilimi a kowane lokaci. A cikin tsawon rayuwarta, Montessori ta kirkiro da hanyoyin karatun da kayan kayan jirgi na jirgi biyu na farko, daga haihuwa zuwa shekaru goma sha biyu, kuma ta yi rubutu da lectures game da jirage uku da na huxu. Mariya ta kirkiro wasu aji 4000 na Montessori a duk faɗin duniya kuma an fassara littattafarta cikin yaruka da yawa don horar da sababbin masu ilimi. An shigar da hanyoyin nata a cikin daruruwan makarantu na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu a duk faɗin Amurka.
Ayyuka
Montessori ta buga littattafai da kasidu da kasidu da dama a lokacin rayuwarta, galibi cikin Italiyanci, amma wani lokacin farko a Turanci. A cewar Kramer, "manyan ayyukan da aka buga kafin shekarar 1920 ( The Montessori Hanyar, Pedagogical Anthropology, Advanced Montessori Method — spontaneous Aiki a Ilimi da Montessori Elementary Material ), an rubuta ta cikin Italiyanci sannan kuma aka fassara ta ƙarƙashin kulawarta." Koyaya, da yawa daga cikin ayyukanta daga baya an rubuto su ne daga laccocin ta, galibi a fassara, kuma daga baya ne aka buga su a littafin littattafai.
An ba da manyan ayyukan Montessori a nan saboda tsarinsu na farko, tare da manyan bita da fassara.
Rahat Indori
Rahat Indori (an haifeshi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1950 kuma ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Augustan 2020) ya kasance mawakin waƙoƙin masana'antar finafinai ta Bollywood na Indiya, kuma mawaƙin Urdu. Ya kuma kasance tsohon farfesa a yaren Urdu kuma mai zane. Ya kasance malamin harshe a Jami'ar Devi Ahilya, Indore. A matsayinsa na mai shirya fim, fitattun ayyukan da ya yi sun haɗa da Khuddar, Mission Kashmir da Meenaxi: Tatsuniyoyin Garuruwa Uku. An haifi Indori a cikin Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Indori ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 2020 a wani asibiti a cikin Indore, a sakamakon annobar COVID-19, yana da shekaru 70. An gwada shi tabbatacce don kamuwa da cutar daren da ya gabata.
Nkiruka Florence Nwakwe
Nkiruka Florence Nwakwe wacce aka fi sani da Nkiruka Nwakwe (an haife ta a shekarar 1994 c.) yar' asalin Najeriya ne kuma mai hanzari. Ta fafata a matakin gida da na duniya wakiltar Najeriya a gasar wasannin motsa jiki na mata.
Solomon Ataga
Solomon Ataga (An haifeshi ranan 8 ga watan Afrelu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da arba'in da takwas 1948) ɗan damben Najeriya ne. Ya yi gasa a cikin babban nauyi na maza a wasannin bazara na shekaran 1980. A wasannin bazara na shekaran 1980 ya sha kashi a hannun Teófilo Stevenson na Cuba.
Joya-Maria Azzi
Joya-Maria Maroun Azzi ( جويا ماريا مارون قزي ; an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Lebanon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaro ko kuma na hagu don ƙungiyar San Francisco Nighthawks ta Amurka da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Lebanon.
Rayuwar farko
An haife ta a Ajaltoun, Lebanon, Azzi ta girma a Okaibe, inda ta fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tana da shekaru huɗu. Ta fara wasa da kungiyoyin maza na gida, kafin ta buga futsal tare da kungiyarta ta makarantar sakandare mai shekaru 13.
Farkon aiki
Azzi ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan mata ta farko tana ɗan shekara 14, lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Zouk Mosbeh. Daga nan ta buga wa ‘yan kasa da shekara 17 da 18 wasa, kafin ta fara babbar babbar nasara. Shekaru 18, ta koma EFP, tana wasa duka a ƙarƙashin 19 da manyan ƙungiyoyi. Azzi ya buga shekaru biyu don EFP.
Tsakiyar Methodist Eagles
Azzi ta buga wasannin kakar wasanni 11 na yau da kullun, kuma ta taimaka ƙungiyar ta kammala a matsayin zakarun gasar lig da gasar gasar shekarar 2021 Heart of America Athletic Conference Tournament. Ta kuma gama wasan kusa da na karshe a Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta NAIA.
Iowa Raptors FC
A ranar 28 ga watan Maris shekarar 2022, Azzi ya koma Iowa Raptors FC a gasar firimiya ta mata.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A cikin shekara ta 2018, an kira Azzi don buga wasa don ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Lebanon, yana buga wasanni takwas. Ta sami kiranta na farko zuwa babban ƙungiyar a cikin shekarar 2018. An kira Azzi don wakiltar Lebanon a Gasar Mata ta WAFF ta shekarar 2022 ; ta taimaka wa bangarenta ya zo na biyu, inda ya zura kwallo a ragar Syria a ranar 4 ga ga watan Satumba.
Girmamawa
Zouk Mosbeh
EFP
Tsakiyar Methodist Eagles
Lebanon U18
Lebanon
Manazarta
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Aïssata Issoufou Mahamadou
Aissata Issoufou Mahamadou (an haife tai ?) Masaniyar ilimin kimiyar magani ce Yar kasar Nijar, injiniyan sinadarai, masaniyar harkar ma'adanai, sannan kuma mai ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya wacce tayi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Jamhuriyar Nijar daga ranar 7 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2011 zuwa 2 Afrilun shekarar 2021. Ita ce matar tsohon shugaban kasar Mahamadou Issoufou kuma ta raba mukamin matar shugaban kasa tare da matar Issoufou ta biyu, Lalla Malika Issoufou. Issoufou Mahamadou shine shugaban gidauniyar Guri-Vie Meilleure.
Tarihin rayuwa
Issoufou haifaffen Mainé-Soroa, wani gari a cikin yankin Diffa na Nijar. Ta yi makarantar firamare a Mainé-Soroa da kuma makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata a Yamai.
Aïssata Issoufou Mahamadou na ɗaya daga cikin matan Nijar na farko da suka fara neman ilimin kimiya. Ta sami digiri a binciken ma'adinai da ci gaba daga ( Makarantar Geology na kasa ) a Nancy, Faransa. Daga nan ta samu digiri na biyu a fannin ilmin sunadarai daga Jami’ar Yamai, wacce a yanzu ake kira da Jami’ar Abdou Moumouni. Issoufou Mahamadou gangarawa cikin mineralogy rabo na SOMAIR, kasar hakar ma'adinai kamfanin na Nijar da kuma wani na biyu na Areva.
Issoufou Mahamadou ya bayyana kanta a matsayin mai sha'awar shugabannin kare hakkin jama'a na Amurka Martin Luther King Jr da Coretta Scott King. A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2012, Aïssata Issoufou Mahamadou ta ziyarci Cibiyar King a Atlanta kuma ta gana da shugabanta, Bernice King, a wani bangare na ziyararta zuwa Amurka, inda take neman tallafi don rage talauci da rashin kiwon lafiya a Nijar. Issoufou Mahamadou ya ba Sarki wata annoba mai ƙunshe da alamun gicciye waɗanda mutanen Abzinawa suka ƙera.
Matan faIn March 2018, First Lady Aïssata Issoufou and the Ministry of Health partnered with the Merck Foundation, the charitable foundation of the Merck &amp; Co. pharmaceutical company, to increase access to healthcare in Niger. The partnership between Issoufou and Merck, which was announced on International Women's Day, focused on oncology, diabetes, and fertility services and training in Niger. The foundation also named Issoufou Mahamadou as an Ambassador of its "Merck More than a Mother" campaign, which aims to break social stigmas against infertility and childless women.
Rural Municipality of Heart's Hill No. 352
Gundumar Rural Municipality of Heart's Hill No. 352 ( yawan 2016 : 244 ) gundumar karkara ce (RM) a cikin lardin Kanada na Saskatchewan a cikin Sashin ƙidayar jama'a na 13 da Sashen No. 6. Yana cikin yankin yamma-ta tsakiya na lardin, yana kusa da iyakar Alberta.
Tarihi
RM na Hill's Hill No. 352 an haɗa shi azaman gundumar karkara a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1910.
Al'ummomi da yankuna
Al'ummomin da ba a haɗa su ba suna cikin RM.
Gwamnati
RM na Dutsen Zuciya mai lamba 352 ana gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar zaɓaɓɓun majalissar ƙaramar hukuma da naɗaɗɗen gudanarwa wanda ke yin taro a ranar Alhamis ta farko bayan Litinin ta farko na kowane wata. Reve na RM shine Gordon Stang yayin da mai gudanarwa shine Calvin Giggs. Ofishin RM yana cikin Luseland.
Lahadi
Lahadi rana ce daga cikin ranakun mako, itace rana ta farko da mako ke farawa da ita, ranar Lahadi na ɗaya daga cikin ranakun da ake gabatar da hutun aikin gwamnati a mafiya yawan ƙasashen duniya har da Najeriya. Daga ita sai ranar Litinin, gabanin ta kuma ranar Asabar.
Sarah Nnodim
Sarah Nnodim (an haifeta ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1995) ita ce ’yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Nijeriya da ke buga wa ƙungiyar Amazons ta Nasarawa gasar zakarun mata ta Nijeriya. Tana taka leda a duniya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya, kasancewar a baya ta kasance mamba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekaru 20 ta Najeriya wacce ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 20.
Kagarko
Kagarko karamar hukuma ce a jihar Kaduna, a Najeriya. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kagarko. Ta mamaye yanki mai girman 2,356 km2 da yawan jama'a 239,058 dangane da ƙidayar 2006. Nasara Rabo ke jagorantar Ƙaramar hukumar. Lambobin tura saƙo zuwa yankin sune 802.
Sarah Nnodim
Kulab
A matakin kulab, tana yi wa Nasarawa Amazons wasa a Gasar Matan Najeriya.
Kagarko
Iyakoki
Karamar hukumar Kagarko (Wogon) tana da iyaka da karamar hukumar Kachia a arewa, karamar hukumar Jaba daga gabas, jihar Neja zuwa yamma da kuma babban birnin tarayya Abuja a kudu.
Sarah Nnodim
Na duniya
Nnodim ta wakilci Najeriya a dukkan matakai, bayan da ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ‘yan kasa da shekaru 17 na FIFA a shekarar 2010 da 2012 da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta mata‘ yan ƙasa da shekaru 20. A waccan gasa ta karshe, tana daga cikin ƙungiyar da ta kai wasan karshe amma ta yi rashin nasara a kan Jamus.
Kagarko
Yaruka/Kabilu
Mutanen dai manoma ne. Mutanen Batinor (Koro) sune ke da rinjaye a yankin. Sauran sun hada da Fulani, Gbagyi, Ham, Hausa da Adara. Suna aiki tukuru kuma galibi manoma, kusan kashi 70% na ginger da ake nomawa a jihar Kaduna daga Kagarko suke.
Kujerun gargajiya
Kagarko ya ƙunshi sarakuna uku:
Sarah Nnodim
Na duniya
A matakin manya ta kasance daga cikin kungiyar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 2015 FIFA. An fitar da ita ne a wasan karshe na Najeriya na gasar, lokacin da suka sha kashi a hannun Amurka da ci 1 da 0 a wasa na uku na rukuni. Nnodim ta karbi katin gargadi guda biyu, duka na biyun ta baya, inda ta bar Najeriya tare da mata 10 a wasan ƙarshe na minti 20 na wasan bayan ta saukar da dan wasan Amurka, Sydney Leroux.
Kagarko
Kujerun gargajiya
2. Jere Royaldom : Sarkin Jere, Marigayi Dr. Sa'ad Usman (OFR)
3. Koro masarautar : Ere-Koro, Ere Yohanna Akaito (JP), mai hedikwata a Kurmin Jibril (Maraban Kubacha) ;
Sashen Albarkatun man Fetur
Sashen Albarkatun Man Fetur (DPR) wani sashe ne a ƙarƙashin Ma’aikatar Albarkatun Man Fetur ta Tarayyar Najeriya (FMPR), DPR na da hakkin da ya rataya a wuyanta na tabbatar da bin ƙa’idojin man fetur, dokoki da ka’idoji a Masana’antar Mai da Gas.. sallamar daga waɗannan nauyin da ya shafi idanu da yadda ake gudanar a hakowa gurin gine-ginen, samar da rijiyoyin, samar da dandamali da kuma fulositeshan (flowstation), ɗanyen mai fitarwa tashoshi, matatun mai da ajiya da kuma wajajen tara mai da yawa (depots), famfo tashoshin, kiri kantuna, wani wurare inda man fetur da aka ko dai adana ko sayar Hakanan yana kula da aminci da sauran ƙa'idoji da suka shafi fitarwa da shigo da kayayyakin cikin ƙasar. A zaman wani ɓangare na ayyukanta, sashen yana kula da ɓangarorin da ke gaba da gaba a masana'antar man fetur ta Najeriya. Gwamnatin Tarayya na Najeriya ya gabatar da National Production Monitoring Systems (NIPMS) wajen saka idanu da Sarauta da waɗanda aka biya su da kuma bukatar lura daga dukkan kungiyoyin da ake rubutu a man fetur a Najeriya. Sashin yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Daraktan Albarkatun Man Fetur, kasancewar shi shugaban gudanarwa. A halin yanzu (2016), Engr. Auwalu Sarki shi ne darakta a DPR. DPR tana da alhaki ga FMPR
Sa ido sosai
DPR ta fara ne a matsayin bangaren (Hydrocarbon) a ƙarƙashin Ma’aikatar Harkokin Jihar Legas, tare da kulawa kai tsaye daga Gwamna-Janar. A cikin 1970, an sassaƙa sunan DPR saboda faɗaɗa ayyukan cikin ma'aikatar. A farkon shekarar 1971 FGN ta kirkiro Kamfanin Mai na Ƙasa (NNOC), don gudanar da ayyukan kasuwanci a cikin masana'antar mai. Sashen ya zama MPR a cikin shekarar 1975. A cikin shekarar 1977, Kamfanin Man Fetur na Kasa (NNPC) an kafa shi ta dokar 33 ta 1977 ta hanyar haɗakar MPR da NNOC. Hakanan, ya haifar da ƙirƙirar mai, mai kula da masana'antu. A cikin shekarar 1985, an sassaƙa MPR daga NNOC yayin da NNPC ta kasance. A cikin wannan shekarar, an mayar da PI zuwa MPR.
Manazarta
1. https://www.petrolplaza.com/organisations/2397
2. https://cdnetng.org/?q=node/3162
3. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/368817-buhari-appoints-new-dpr-director.html
4. http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2015/11/minister-directs-free-distribution-of-hoarded-petroleum-products-in-abuja/
5. https://www.petrolplaza.com/organisations/2397
Lalla Malika Issoufou
Lalla Malika Issoufou (an haife tane a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1975) likita ce yar asalin ƙasar Nijar, kuma majiɓinci da yawa na agaji. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban ƙasar Nijar, tare da Aatassata Issoufou Mahamadou, daga 7 ga Afrilu 2011 zuwa 2 Afrilun shekarar 2021 a matsayin matar shugaban Mahamadou Issoufou ta biyu.
Haihuwa
An haifi Lalla Malika Issoufou a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1975 a Niamey, Nijar. Ta yi digirin digirgir a fannin likitanci daga Jami’ar Abdou Moumouni kuma ta yi aiki a Asibitin Kasa da ke Yamai daga Janairun 2001 zuwa Satumba 2003.
Karatu
Issoufou, ta hanyar gidauniyar Tattali Iyali, a kai a kai tana gabatar da abinci ga ma'aikatan da ke aiki a Sojojin Nijar da matansu a lokacin Azumin Ramadan. Gidauniyar na da niyyar inganta yanayin mata da kananan yara a Nijar; don inganta abinci mai gina jiki na mata masu juna biyu da yara ‘yan kasa da shekara biyar (don haka a rage mutuwar jarirai da mata masu juna biyu) da kuma yaki da sayar da haramtattun magunguna da kuma jabun magunguna. Issoufou ya yi rubuce-rubuce kan hatsarin da cututtukan fistula na haihuwa ke haifarwa ga matan Nijar yayin haihuwa.
Issoufou ya auri tsohon shugaban Nijar Mahamadou Issoufou kuma suna da yara uku. Ta raba matsayin matar shugaban kasar Nijer tare da matar farko Issoufou, Aïssata Issoufou Mahamadou.
Upton, Maine
Upton birni ne, da ke cikin gundumar Oxford, Maine. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 69 a ƙidayar 2020.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da jimillar yanki na 41.83 sqmi  wanda, 39.51 sqmi   nasa ƙasa ne kuma 2.32 sqmi   ruwa ne.
ƙidayar 2010
A ƙidayar 2010 akwai mutane 113, gidaje 61, da iyalai 30 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance 2.9 PD/sqmi. Akwai rukunin gidaje 199 a matsakaicin yawa na 5.0 /sqmi. Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.2% Fari da 1.8% Ba'amurke. Daga cikin gidaje 61, kashi 13.1% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da suke zaune tare da su, kashi 45.9% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 1.6% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 1.6% na da namiji da ba mace a wurin, sai kashi 50.8% ba dangi ba ne. 36.1% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne kuma 18% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 1.85 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi ya kasance 2.40.
Ƙididdigar 2000
Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta 2000, akwai mutane 62, gidaje 33, da iyalai 20 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 1.6 a kowace murabba'in mil (0.6/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 173 a matsakaicin yawa na 4.3 a kowace murabba'in mil (1.7/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.39% Fari da 1.61% na Asiya.
Daga cikin gidaje 33 kashi 9.1% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da suke zaune tare da su, kashi 51.5% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 6.1% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 36.4% kuma ba na iyali ba ne. 24.2% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne kuma 3.0% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 1.88 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.14.
Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 6.5% a ƙarƙashin shekarun 18, 1.6% daga 18 zuwa 24, 17.7% daga 25 zuwa 44, 51.6% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 22.6% 65 ko fiye. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 56. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 106.7. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 114.8.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga gida shine $35,000 kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga iyali shine $55,625. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $26,250 sabanin $0 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $24,320. Akwai 19.0% na iyalai da 27.3% na yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da waɗanda ba ƙasa da goma sha takwas ba kuma babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka haura 64.
Tsaigumi UAV
Tsaigumi UAV dai wani jirgin leƙen asiri ne da sojin saman najeriya ta haɗa shi. shugaba Muhammadu Buhari shi ya ja gaba wajen ƙirƙirar wannan jirgi.
Suna da gabatarwa
An sanya wa wannan jirgi suna ne da harshen hausa wanda yake nufin leƙen asiri. An gabatar da wannan jirgi ne a shekarar 2018
Falimery Ramanamahefa
Falimery Dafé Ramanamahefa (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1991) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Malagasy wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga kungiyar Championnat National 2 club Châteaubriant da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Madagascar.
Harsunan Ƙasar Nijar
Harsunan hukuma
Faransanci, wanda aka gada daga lokacin mulkin mallaka, shine harshen hukuma. Mutanen da suka sami ilimi galibi suna magana ne a matsayin yare na biyu (20% na mutanen Nijar sun iya karatu a Faransanci, har ma da kashi 47% a cikin birane, suna girma da sauri yayin da ilimin ya inganta ). Duk da cewa ƴan Nijar masu ilimi har yanzu suna cikin masu ƙaramin kaso na jama'a, harshen Faransanci shine yaren da hukumomin gwamnati (kotu, gwamnati, da sauransu) ke amfani da shi, kafofin watsa labarai da ƴan kasuwa. Duba kuma: Faransanci na Afirka Nijar tana da harsunan ƙasa goma na hukuma, wato Larabci, Buduma, Fulfulɗe, Gourmanchéma, Hausa, Kanuri, Zarma & Songhai, Tamasheq, Tassawaq, Tebu. Waɗannan harsunan ƙasa guda goma, danginsu na yare, kusan kashi na yawan mutanen da ke magana da su, ƙayyadaddun yankunansu, da ƙarin bayani kamar haka:
Musulunci a Najeriya
Mutane sama da 154,000,000 yan Najeriya musulmai ne kenan sama da rabin yan kasar wato 70% ne ke bin tafarkin addinin Musulunci. Mafi yawan musulman Najeriya mabiya Sunnah ne, Duk da haka da akwai mabiya Dariku da Shi'a marasa rinjaye a wadansu daga cikin biranen kasar kamar Zariya, Borno, Neja, Sokoto, Kano da dai sauran su. Duba Shi'a a Najeriya. Mafi yawan musulman Nigeria mazauna ne na bangaren arewacin kasar, sannan akwai adadin mabiyan musulunci a yankin kudu mask gamma na kasar Nigeria. Akwai kadan daga mabiya Ahmadiyya darikar da ta fara a karni na 19 a kasar Indiya. Kungiyar da take bincike akan harkokin addinai ta Duniya wato Pew Forum on religious diversity tace kash 12%.
Na musulman Najeriya mabiya Shi'a ne, yayin da 3% ke bin Ahmadiyya.
BRC Azare
Gidan rediyon BRC Azare wani katafaren gidan rediyo ne a garin Azare ta karamar hukumar katagum dake jihar Bauchi wanda yake tafiya daidai da zamani ka sauti rangadau za ku iya kamashi a duk inda kuke a arewacin Najeriya akan mita 94.6 a zangon FM.
Mohammed Abdullahi
Mohamed Ali Ahmad Abdelaal (محمد علي على أحمد عبدالعال; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Yuli 1990) ɗan wasanJudoka ne ɗan Masar. Ya fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2016 a gasar tseren kilo 81 na maza, inda Khasan Khalmurzaev ya fitar da shi a zagaye na uku.
Ya yi takara a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2020 a gasar maza ta kilogiram 81.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Mohamed Abdelaal at the International Judo Federation
Mohamed Abdelaal at JudoInside.com
Mohamed Abdelaal at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)
Alexandre Ramalingom
Alexandre Ramalingom (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Maris 1993) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kungiyar CS Sedan Ardennes. An haife shi a Faransa, yana wakiltar tawagar kasar Madagascar.
Aikin kulob
Ramalingom ya fara aikinsa a rukunin Faransa a  Marignane da Île-Rousse. Ya koma ƙungiyar AC Ajaccio a shekara ta 2015, kuma ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da su a rashin nasara da ci 3-0 a gasar Ligue 2 a Stade de Reims a ranar 20 ga watan Maris 2017.
Rosemary Inyama
Rosemary Inyama (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba 1913, ba a san ranar da ta mutu ba) 'yar Najeriya ce mai ilimi, 'yar siyasa, kuma 'yar kasuwa kuma mai son ci gaban al'umma.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Inyama Rosemary Ike a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba 1913 ga Mazi Okoronkwo Ike da Madam Otonahu Ike a Arochukwu, Igboland, Nigeria. Ta halarci makarantar tunawa da Mary Slessor inda daga baya ta zama malama. Lokacin da ta yi aure a shekara ta 1934, ta yi murabus daga koyarwa. Duk da haka Inyama tana da a cikin abubuwan da suka shafi al'umma. Ta fara Cibiyar Koyar da Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a shekarar 1935 wanda ya zama sana'a mai riba kuma ta koya wa mata dabarun da za su iya amfani da su a wurin aiki ko a gida.
A shekarar 1942 Inyama ta samu lasisin siyan zinare kuma ta fara sana’ar shigo da zinare daga Ghana da kera kayan ado daga gare ta. Ta kasance daya daga cikin mata na farko a yankin da suka sami asusun banki, tare da bankin Continental Bank da ke Aba. Inyama ta tsunduma cikin harkar kasuwanci na saye da sayar da kayan abinci har lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya (1967-70) ta kawo karshen kasuwancin. Ta kafa Girl Guide a gundumar, kuma ta taimaka wajen samo jarirai marasa uwa a gida a shekarar 1965. A lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya ta tattaro kungiyoyi daban-daban na Ututu, Ihechiowa, Isu, Ewe da Arochukwu karkashin tutar kungiyar matan Arochukwu. Inyama ta kasance mamba a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC) kuma ta shirya kungiyar mata. Wata ‘yar kasuwa mai cin gashin kanta wacce ta tara dukiya mai tarin yawa, Inyama ta koyar da dukkan ‘ya’yanta a jami’a tare da sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar mata da al’ummarta baki daya. An ba ta lambobin yabo da dama saboda hidimar da ta yi.
Inyama ta auri wani malamin makaranta PK Inyama kuma daya daga cikin 'ya'yansu, Hycientha Inyama Nwauba ya zama karamin jakadan Najeriya a NY. Sauran 'ya'yansu sune Nnenna Inyama, Jennifer Inyama da Okoro Inyama.
Peter Konyegwachie
Peter Konyegwachie ( MON an haifi 26 ga watan Nuwamba 1965 a Legas ) ɗan wasan damben Najeriya ne. Ya fito daga Ogwashi-Uku. Garin da ya samar da wani babban wasan (ƙwallon ƙafa) mai girma, Austin "Jay Jay" Okocha. Garin shine hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar Aniocha ta kudu a jihar Delta, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Adaigbo. A gasar wasannin bazara ta 1984 ya lashe lambar azurfa ta farko a Najeriya a cikin Featherweight maza (54-57 kg).
Konyegwachie ya zama ƙwararre a cikin 1986 kuma ya ci nasarar yaƙe -yaƙe na farko 15 kafin wani mai tafiya ya dakatar da shi a 1990. Ya yi ritaya bayan fafatawar a 15-1-0.
Kadalaveni
Kadalaveni wani kauye ne a cikin jihar Karnataka ta kudu, a Indiya. Tana cikin Gauribidanur taluk na gundumar Chikkaballapura a Karnataka. Tana da nisan kilomita 6 daga babban birni Gauribidanur da 44 kilomita daga babban yankin gundumar Chikkaballapura
Tarihi
An yi amannar cewa sunan ƙauyen Kadalaveni ya samo asali ne daga yaren asalin Kannada kalmar "Kaalu Harida Oni (ಕಾಲು ಹರಿದ ಓಣಿ)" wacce ke nufin Wurin da ke kwararar kwata, tare da lokaci ya canza zuwa "Kadalaveni".
Yawan jama'a
Jimlar yanki na kauye ya kai kadada 880.32. Kadalaveni yana da yawan mutane kimanin mutum 2,512 tare da maza 1,254 da mata 1,258. Akwai kimanin gidaje 599 a ƙauyen Kadalaveni. Garin Gauribidanur gari ne mafi kusa da Kadalaveni wanda yake kimanin nisan kilomita 6.
Wurare
Kadalaveni yana da kasa iri na kayan aiki.