cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Microsoft Windows
Tarihin Siga
A ranar 14 ga Satumbar, 2000, Microsoft ya fitar da Windows Me (Millennium Edition), wanda ya kasance na karshe na DOS na Windows. Windows Me ta haɗu da haɓakar ƙirar gani ta gani daga takwararta ta Windows NT na Windows 2000, tana da lokutan saurin sauri fiye da sifofin da suka gabata (wanda duk da haka, yana buƙatar cire ikon samun damar ainihin yanayin DOS yanayi, cire daidaituwa tare da wasu tsofaffin shirye-shirye), ya fadada aikin multimedia (gami da Windows Media Player 7, Windows Movie Maker, da Windows Image Acquisition tsarin don dawo da hotuna daga sikanan kyamarori da kyamarori na dijital), ƙarin abubuwan amfani na tsarin kamar Tsarin Tsaron Fayil da Tsarin Sakewa, da kayan aikin sadarwar gida da aka sabunta. Koyaya, Windows Me ya fuskanci zargi saboda saurin sa da rashin kwanciyar hankali, tare da lamuran daidaito na kayan aiki da cire ainihin yanayin DOS tallafi. PC World sunyi la'akari da Windows Me a matsayin ɗayan mafi munin tsarin aiki da Microsoft ya taɓa fitarwa, kuma mafi ƙarancin kayan fasaha na zamani kowane lokaci.
Windows NT
A watan Nuwamba 1988, sabuwar ƙungiyar haɓaka tsakanin Microsoft (wacce ta haɗa da tsoffin masu haɓaka Digital Equipment Corporation Dave Cutler da Mark Lucovsky) sun fara aiki a kan sabon juzu'i na IBM da kuma tsarin OS / 2 na Microsoft da ake kira "NT OS / 2". NT OS / 2 an yi niyya don zama amintacce, tsarin aiki mai amfani da yawa tare da daidaiton POSIX da kuma mai daidaitaccen sassa, portararar kernel tare da yawaita tallafi da tallafi ga gine-ginen masarrafai masu yawa. Koyaya, bayan nasarar sakin Windows 3.0, ƙungiyar cigaban NT ta yanke shawarar sake aiwatar da aikin don amfani da ƙaramin tashar 32-bit na Windows API da aka sani da Win32 maimakon na OS / 2. Win32 ya kasance yana da irin wannan tsari na Windows APIs (yana barin aikace-aikacen Windows da ake da su a sauƙaƙe zuwa dandamali), amma kuma ya goyi bayan ƙarfin kernel na NT da yake. Bayan amincewar da ma'aikatan Microsoft suka yi, ci gaba ya ci gaba a kan abin da ke yanzu Windows NT, farkon sigar 32-bit na Windows. Koyaya, IBM ya ƙi amincewa da canje-canjen, kuma daga ƙarshe yaci gaba da haɓaka OS / 2 da kansa.
Windows NT shine farkon tsarin aikin Windows wanda ya dogara da kwayar cuta. An tsara kernel ɗin a matsayin microkernel wanda aka gyara, wanda tasirin Mach microkernel wanda Richard Rashid ya haɓaka a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon, amma ba tare da cika duk ƙa'idodin microkernel mai tsabta ba.
Sakin farko na tsarin aiki da aka samu, Windows NT 3.1 (mai suna don haɗa shi da Windows 3.1) an sake shi a cikin Yuli 1993, tare da sigar don ayyukan ayyukan tebur da sabobin. Windows NT 3.5 an sake shi a watan Satumbar 1994, yana mai da hankali kan ci gaban aiki da tallafi ga Netll's NetWare, sannan Windows NT 3.51 ya biyo baya a watan Mayu 1995, wanda ya haɗa da ƙarin haɓakawa da tallafi ga gine-ginen PowerPC. Windows NT 4.0 an sake shi a watan Yunin 1996, yana gabatar da tsarin sake fasalin Windows 95 zuwa jerin NT. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2000, Microsoft ya saki Windows 2000, wanda ya gaji NT 4.0. An saka sunan Windows NT a wannan lokacin don sanya babban hankali akan alamar Windows.
Windows XP
Babban fasalin na gaba na Windows NT, Windows XP, an sake shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2001. Gabatarwar Windows XP na da nufin daidaita jerin Windows 9x na masu amfani da kayayyaki tare da gine-ginen da Windows NT ta gabatar, canjin da Microsoft ya yi alƙawarin samarwa mafi kyau aiwatarwa akan magabata na tushen DOS. Windows XP kuma za ta gabatar da keɓance mai amfani wanda aka sake tsara shi (gami da sabunta menu na farko da kuma "mai daidaitaccen aiki" Windows Explorer), ingantaccen hanyoyin watsa labarai da fasalolin hanyoyin sadarwa, Internet Explorer 6, haɗewa da ayyukan Microsoft na .NET Fasfo, hanyoyin don taimakawa samar da daidaito software da aka tsara don sifofin Windows da suka gabata, da aikin Taimako na Nesa.
A kasuwa, Windows XP yanzu an siyar dashi cikin manyan bugu biyu: "Home" bugu an yi niyya ne ga masu amfani, yayin da aka buga "ƙwararru" ɗin zuwa muhallin kasuwanci da masu amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma ya haɗa da ƙarin tsaro da hanyoyin sadarwa. Gida da Kwararru daga baya sun kasance tare da bugun "Media Center" (an tsara shi don PCs na wasan kwaikwayo na gida, tare da girmamawa kan goyan bayan kunna DVD, katunan tuner na TV, aikin DVR, da sarrafawar nesa), da bugun "Tablet PC" (wanda aka tsara don na'urori masu hannu da ke saduwa da bayanai dalla-dalla game da kwamfutar hannu, tare da tallafi don shigar da alƙalamin alƙalami da ƙarin aikace-aikacen da aka kunna alkalami). Babban tallafi na Windows XP ya ƙare a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2009. supportarin tallafi ya ƙare a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2014.
Bayan Windows 2000, Microsoft suma sun canza jadawalin fitowar ta don tsarin aikin sabar; abokin aikin uwar garken Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, an sake shi a watan Afrilun 2003. An bi shi a watan Disamba na 2005, ta Windows Server 2003 R2.
Windows Vista
Bayan wani aikin ci gaba mai tsawo, an sake Windows Vista a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2006, don lasisin juz'i da 30 ga Janairu, 2007, don masu amfani. Ya ƙunshi sabbin abubuwa da yawa, daga kwasfa da aka sake fasaltawa da ƙirar mai amfani zuwa manyan canje-canje na fasaha, tare da mai da hankali kan siffofin tsaro. An samo shi a cikin wasu bugu daban-daban, kuma ya sha fuskantar wasu zargi, kamar faduwar aikin, ƙara lokacin buɗa, sukar sabon UAC, da tsaurara yarjejeniyar lasisi. An saki takwarar uwar garken Vista, Windows Server 2008 a farkon 2008.
Windows 7
A ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2009, Windows 7 da Windows Server 2008 R2 an sake su a matsayin RTM (saki ga masana'antu) yayin da na farko aka sake shi ga jama'a watanni 3 bayan haka a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 2009. Ba kamar wanda ya gabace ta ba, Windows Vista, wacce ta gabatar da babban yawan sababbin abubuwa, Windows 7 an yi niyya don zama mai mayar da hankali, haɓaka haɓaka zuwa layin Windows, tare da manufar dacewa da aikace-aikace da kayan aikin da Windows Vista ta riga ta dace da su. Windows 7 tana da tallafi na taɓawa da yawa, Windows shell da aka sake zanawa tare da ɗawainiyar ɗawainiya, tsarin sadarwar gida da ake kira HomeGroup, da haɓaka aikin.
Windows 8 da 8.1
Windows 8, magajin Windows 7, an sake shi gaba ɗaya a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2012. An sami sauye-sauye masu yawa a kan Windows 8, gami da gabatar da ƙirar mai amfani da ke kewaye da harshen ƙirar Metro na Microsoft tare da ingantawa don na'urori masu tushen taɓawa azaman Allunan da all-in-one PCs. Waɗannan canje-canje sun haɗa da Allon farawa, wanda ke amfani da manyan tiles waɗanda suka fi dacewa don hulɗar taɓawa da ba da izinin nuni na ci gaba da sabunta bayanai, da sabon kundin aikace-aikace waɗanda aka tsara da farko don amfani akan na'urori masu taɓa taɓawa. Sabuwar sigar ta Windows ta bukaci mafi ƙarancin ƙuduri na 1024 × 768 pixels, yadda ya kamata ta yadda bai dace da netbooks ba tare da fuska 800 × 600 pixel.
Sauran canje-canjen sun haɗa da haɓaka haɗin kai tare da ayyukan girgije da sauran dandamali na kan layi (kamar cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a da ayyukan Microsoft na OneDrive (tsohon SkyDrive) da sabis na Xbox Live), sabis ɗin Windows Store don rarraba software, da sabon nau'in da aka sani da Windows RT don amfani dashi na'urorin da ke amfani da gine-ginen ARM. Sabuntawa ga Windows 8, wanda ake kira Windows 8.1, an sake shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2013, kuma ya haɗa da fasali irin su sabon girman tayal live, zurfafa hadewar OneDrive, da sauran gyare-gyare da yawa. Windows 8 da Windows 8.1 sun sha fuskantar wasu zargi, kamar cire menu na Farawa.
Windows 10
A ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2014, Microsoft ya sanar da Windows 10 a matsayin magajin Windows 8.1. An sake shi a ranar 29 ga Yulin, 2015, kuma yana magance gazawa a cikin tsarin mai amfani wanda aka fara gabatarwa tare da Windows 8. Canje-canje a kan PC sun haɗa da dawowar Fara Menu, tsarin tebur na kama-da-wane, da kuma ikon gudanar da ayyukan Windows Store a cikin windows akan tebur maimakon a yanayin cikakken allo. Windows 10 an ce za a iya sabunta shi daga kwararrun Windows 7 tare da na’urorin SP1, Windows 8.1 da Windows Phone 8.1 daga cikin Get Windows 10 Application (na Windows 7, Windows 8.1) ko Windows Update (Windows 7).
An gina tallafi na yare da dama cikin Windows tun daga Windows 3.0. Za'a iya canza yare don maɓallan keyboard da kuma kewayawa ta hanyar Yankin Yanki da Kwamitin Kula da Harshe. Aka sanya dukkan bangarorin tallafi na harsuna masu shigowa, kamar masu Editan Hanyar shigarwa, ana shigar dasu kai tsaye yayin shigar Windows (a cikin Windows XP da kuma a baya, fayilolin harsunan Asiya ta Gabas, kamar Sinanci, da rubutun dama-zuwa-hagu, kamar larabci, na iya buƙata da za a shigar daban, kuma daga abin da aka ce Control Panel). Hakanan za'a iya shigar da IME na ɓangare na uku idan mai amfani yana jin cewa wanda aka bayar ɗin bai isa ba don buƙatun su.
Harsunan tsaka-tsakin yanayi don tsarin aiki kyauta ne don zazzagewa, amma wasu yaruka suna iyakance ga wasu kwafin Windows. Rukunin Hadaddiyar Harshe (LIPs) ana iya sake rarraba su kuma ana iya zazzage su daga Cibiyar Zazzagewa ta Microsoft kuma a girka su don kowane ɗab'in Windows (XP ko daga baya) - suna fassara mafi yawa, amma ba duka ba, na keɓaɓɓiyar Windows ɗin, kuma suna buƙatar wani yare harshe ( - yaren da Windows aka shigo dashi dashi da farko). Ana amfani da wannan don yawancin harsuna a cikin kasuwanni masu tasowa. Cikakken Harsunan Harshe, wanda ke fassara cikakken tsarin aiki, ana samun su ne kawai don takamaiman bugu na Windows (Ultimate da Ciniki bugu na Windows Vista da 7, da duk bugun Windows 8, 8.1 da RT ban da Harshe Guda). Ba su buƙatar takamaiman harshe tushe, kuma ana amfani da su don ƙarin mashahuri harsuna kamar Faransanci ko Sinanci. Waɗannan harsunan ba za a iya zazzage su ta Cibiyar Zazzagewa ba, amma ana iya samun su azaman zaɓaɓɓuka na zaɓi ta hanyar sabis ɗin Updateaukaka Windows (ban da Windows 8).
Harshen kewayawa na aikace-aikacen da aka sanya ba ya canzawa ta canje-canje a cikin harshen haɗin Windows. Samuwar harsuna ya dogara da masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen da kansu.
Windows 8 da Windows Server 2012 suna gabatar da sabon Kwamitin Gudanar da Harshe inda za a iya sauya canje-canje da yarukan shigarwa lokaci guda, kuma za a iya sauke fakitin harshe, ba tare da la'akari da nau'insa ba daga wani wuri na tsakiya. Aikace-aikacen Saitunan PC a cikin Windows 8.1 da Windows Server 2012 R2 suma sun haɗa da shafi na saitunan takwara don wannan. Canza harshen haɗin yanar gizo kuma yana canza yaren kayan aikin Windows Store da aka sanya ajalinsu (kamar Mail, Maps da News) da wasu takamaiman ƙa'idodin masarrafar Microsoft (kamar Remote Desktop). Limituntatawa na sama don fakitin harshe duk da haka suna aiki, sai dai ana iya sanya cikakkun fakitin harshe don kowane bugu ban da Harshe Guda, wanda ke tallata kasuwanni masu tasowa.
Owerri Municipal
Owerri Municipal na daya daga cikin Kananan hukumomin dake a jihar Imo a kudu maso Gabas, Nijeriya.
Microsoft Windows
Tarihin Siga
Tallafin Dandamali
Windows NT ya haɗa da tallafi don dandamali daban-daban kafin kwamfutar sirri ta x86 ta zama mafi iko a cikin duniyar ƙwararru. Windows NT 4.0 da kuma magabata sun goyi bayan PowerPC, DEC Alpha da MIPS R4000. (Kodayake wasu waannan dandamali suna aiwatar da sarrafa 64-bit, tsarin aiki ya dauke su kamar 32-bit.) Koyaya, Windows 2000, magajin Windows NT 4.0, ya sauke tallafi ga dukkan dandamali ban da ƙarni na uku x86 (wanda aka sani da IA-32 ) ko sabo-sabo a yanayin 32-bit. Layin abokin harka na dangin Windows NT har yanzu yana gudana akan IA-32, kodayake layin Windows Server ya daina tallafawa wannan dandamali tare da sakin Windows Server 2008 R2.
Tare da gabatar da gine-ginen Intel Itanium (IA-64), Microsoft ya fitar da sababbin nau'ikan Windows don tallafawa shi. Sigar Itanium na Windows XP da Windows Server 2003 an sake su a lokaci guda tare da takwarorinsu na al'ada x86. Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, wanda aka fitar a 2005, shine tsarin Windows abokin ciniki na ƙarshe don tallafawa Itanium. Layin Server na Windows yana ci gaba da tallafawa wannan dandalin har zuwa Windows Server 2012; Windows Server 2008 R2 shine tsarin aiki na Windows na ƙarshe don tallafawa gine-ginen Itanium.
A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2005, Microsoft ya fitar da Windows XP Professional x64 Edition da Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions don tallafawa x86-64 (ko kuma kawai x64), tsara ta takwas na gine-ginen x86. Windows Vista ita ce farkon kwastomomin Windows NT da za a sake a lokaci guda a cikin bugun IA-32 da x64. x64 har yanzu ana tallafawa.
Bugun Windows 8 da aka sani da Windows RT an kirkireshi ne musamman don kwamfutoci masu tsarin ARM kuma yayin da har yanzu ana amfani da ARM don wayoyin hannu na Windows tare da Windows 10, kwamfutar hannu tare da Windows RT ba za a sabunta su ba. Farawa daga Windows 10 Fall Creators Sabuntawa kuma daga baya ya haɗa da goyan baya ga PCs tare da tsarin AM.
Windows CE
Winaows tsarin CE (bisa huku fi a da aka sani da Windows Embedded Compact), sigar Windows ce wacce ke aiki a kan ƙananan kwamfutoci, kamar tsarin kewaya tauraron dan adam da wasu wayoyin hannu. Windows Embedded Compact ya dogara ne da kwayarsa wacce aka keɓe, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Windows CE kernel. Microsoft ta ba da lasisin Windows CE ga OEM da masu kera na'urar. OEMs da masu yin na'urori na iya canzawa da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin musayar masu amfani da gogewa, yayin da Windows CE ke ba da tushen fasaha don yin hakan.
An yi amfani da Windows CE a cikin Dreamcast tare da Sega na kansa OS na kayan aikin. Windows CE ita ce ginshikin da Windows Mobile ya samu daga gare ta. Magajinsa, Windows Phone 7, ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da aka gina daga Windows CE 6.0 R3 da Windows CE 7.0. Windows Phone 8 duk da haka, yana dogara ne akan NT-kwaya ɗaya kamar Windows 8.
Windows Embedded Compact ba za a rikita shi da Windows XP aka saka ba ko kuma Windows NT 4.0 aka saka ba, sigar da aka yi amfani da ita ta Windows dangane da kwayar Windows NT.
Xbox OS
Xbox OS suna ne mara izini wanda aka baiwa nau'ikan Windows wanda yake aiki akan Xbox One. Yana da ƙarin takamaiman aiwatarwa tare da girmamawa akan ƙwarewa (ta amfani da Hyper-V) saboda yana da tsarin aiki guda uku waɗanda suke gudana lokaci ɗaya, wanda ya ƙunshi ainihin tsarin aiki, na biyu wanda aka aiwatar dashi don wasanni da kuma yanayi mai kama da Windows don aikace-aikace. Microsoft na sabunta OS One na OS kowane wata, kuma ana iya zazzage wadannan sabuntawa daga sabis na Xbox Live zuwa Xbox kuma a sanya a gaba, ko ta amfani da hotunan dawo da wajen layi da aka zazzage ta PC Core na tushen Windows 10 ya maye gurbin na Windows 8 a cikin wannan sabuntawa, kuma wani lokacin ana kiran sabon tsarin da "Windows 10 akan Xbox One" ko "OneCore". Tsarin Xbox One kuma yana ba da damar daidaitawa ta baya tare da Xbox 360, kuma tsarin Xbox 360 ya kasance yana dacewa da ainihin Xbox. aikin Xbox
Tsarin Kula da Siga
A cikin 2017 Microsoft ya sanar da cewa zai fara amfani da Git, tsarin sarrafa sigar buɗe ido wanda Linus Torvalds ya kirkira. Microsoft a baya ta yi amfani da tsarin sarrafa sigar mallakar ta da ake kira "Source Depot". Microsoft ya fara haɗa Git a cikin Server Foundation Server a cikin 2013, amma Windows ya ci gaba da dogaro da Source Depot. Saboda babban tarihinsa, na tsawon shekaru masu yawa, lambar Windows code ba ta dace sosai da yanayin rashin ci gaban Linux wanda asalin Git aka ƙirƙire shi don sarrafawa. Kowace ma'ajiyar Git tana dauke da cikakken tarihin duk fayilolin, wanda ya tabbatar da rashin aiki ga masu haɓaka Windows saboda rufe wurin ajiyar yana ɗaukar awanni. Microsoft na ta aiki a kan wani sabon aiki da ake kira Virtual File System for Git (VFSForGit) don magance wadannan matsalolin.
Tsaro
Microsoft na fitar da facin tsaro ta hanyar Sabunta Windows Update kamar sau daya a wata (galibi Talata ta biyu ga wata), kodayake ana samun muhimman bayanai a gajerun tazara idan hakan ya zama dole. A cikin nau'ikan Windows bayan da ya haɗa da Windows 2000 SP3 da Windows XP, ana iya saukar da sabuntawa ta atomatik da shigar idan mai amfani ya zaɓi yin hakan. Sakamakon haka, Sabunta 2 na Windows XP, da kuma Sabis na Sabunta 1 don Windows Server 2003, masu amfani sun girke shi da sauri fiye da yadda zai iya kasancewa.
Duk da yake jerin Windows 9x sun ba da zaɓi na samun bayanan martaba don masu amfani da yawa, ba su da masaniyar damar samun dama, kuma ba su ba da izinin isa garesu ba; don haka ba gaskiya bane tsarin aiki mai amfani da yawa. Kari akan haka, sun aiwatar da kariya ne kawai ta bangaren kwakwalwa. Haka kuma an soki su da yawa saboda rashin tsaro.
Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka
Hukumar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da jama'a ta Afirka ( ACHPR ) ƙungiya ce ta shari'a da aka ɗorawa alhakin ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da na gamayya (mutane) a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirka tare da fassara Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a. la'akari da korafe-korafen ɗaiɗaikun mutane na keta dokokin Yarjejeniya. Wannan ya haɗa da binciken take haƙƙin ɗan adam, ƙirƙira da amincewa da shirye-shiryen aiki don ƙarfafa haƙƙin ɗan adam, da kafa hanyar sadarwa mai tasiri a tsakanin su da jihohi don samun bayanan farko kan take haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ko da yake hukumar ACHPR tana ƙarƙashin cibiyar gwamnatin yanki.
Microsoft Windows
Tsaro
Tsarin Windows NT na tsarin aiki, akasin haka, masu amfani ne da gaske, kuma suna aiwatar da cikakken ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Koyaya, yawancin fa'idodi kasancewar kasancewar tsarin aiki mai amfani da yawa na gaskiya an rushe shi ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa, kafin Windows Vista, asusun mai amfani na farko wanda aka ƙirƙira yayin aikin saitin shine asusun mai gudanarwa, wanda kuma shine tsoffin sababbin asusu. Kodayake Windows XP ba ta da iyakantattun asusu, amma yawancin masu amfani da gida ba su canza zuwa nau'in asusu tare da ƙananan haƙƙoƙi ba - wani ɓangare saboda yawan shirye-shiryen da ba su buƙatar haƙƙin mai gudanarwa ba - kuma don haka yawancin masu amfani da gida suna gudana a matsayin mai gudanarwa koyaushe.
Windows Vista tana canza wannan ta hanyar gabatar da tsarin daukaka dama mai suna Control Account Account User. Lokacin shiga kamar matsakaiciyar mai amfani, ana ƙirƙirar logon kuma ana sanya alama ta ƙunshe da gata kawai. Ta wannan hanyar, sabon zaman logon bashi da ikon yin canje-canje wanda zai iya shafar ɗaukacin tsarin. Lokacin shiga azaman mai amfani a cikin ƙungiyar Masu Gudanarwa, ana sanya alamun alama guda biyu daban. Alamar farko ta ƙunshi duk gatan da galibi ake bayarwa ga mai gudanarwa, na biyu kuma an ƙuntata alama daidai da abin da mai amfani zai karɓa. Aikace-aikacen mai amfani, gami da kwasfa na Windows, ana farawa tare da takamaiman alama, wanda ke haifar da ragin yanayi na gata koda a ƙarƙashin asusun Gudanarwa. Lokacin da aikace-aikace ya buƙaci babbar dama ko "Gudu azaman mai gudanarwa", UAC zai faɗi don tabbatarwa kuma, idan aka ba da izini (gami da takaddun mai gudanarwa idan asusun da yake neman ɗaukaka ba memba ne na rukunin masu gudanarwa ba), fara aiwatar da amfani alamar da ba ta takaita ba.
Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka
Hukumar na haɗuwa sau biyu a shekara, yawanci a watan Maris ko Afrilu da Oktoba ko Nuwamba. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tarurrukan na faruwa ne a Banjul, inda sakatariyar Hukumar take; ɗayan yana iya kasancewa a kowace ƙasa ta Afirka.
Microsoft Windows
Tsaro
Takaddun bayanan da WikiLeaks ya wallafa, wanda aka sanya wa suna Vault 7 wanda aka kirkira tun daga 2013 zuwa 2016, sun yi bayani dalla-dalla game da damar da CIA ke da ita na yin aikin sanya ido ta hanyar lantarki da kuma yakin intanet, kamar ikon iya karya tsarin aiki kamar Microsoft Windows.
A watan Agusta 2019, masanan komputa sun ba da rahoton cewa yanayin raunin tsaro na BlueKeep, CVE-2019-0708, da ke iya shafar tsofaffin nau'ikan Microsoft Windows da ba a haɗu ba ta hanyar Protocol na Remote Desktop, wanda ke ba da damar yiwuwar aiwatar da lambar ta nesa, na iya yanzu ya haɗa da lahani masu alaƙa mai suna DejaBlue, yana shafar sababbin juzu'in Windows (ma’ana, Windows 7 da sauran sigar kwanan nan) haka nan. Bugu da kari, masana sun ba da rahoton raunin tsaro na Microsoft, CVE-2019-1162, dangane da lambar gado da ta shafi Microsoft CTF da ctfmon (ctfmon.exe), wanda ya shafi dukkan nau'ikan Windows daga tsoffin Windows XP zuwa nau'ikan Windows 10 na baya-bayan nan; facin da zai gyara aibin yanzu haka.
Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka
Abun ciki
Hukumar ta buɗe kofofinta a shekara ta 1987 tare da alkawuran kariya da juyin halitta na ƴancin ɗan Adam na Afirka. Majalisar shugabannin ƙasashe da gwamnatoci, sun yanke shawararsu ne da kuri’ar kashi biyu bisa uku na mafi rinjayen wakilan kowace ƙasa. ACHPR ta kuma ƙunshi mambobi goma sha ɗaya, waɗanda aka zaɓa ta hanyar jefa ƙuri'a a asirce a Majalisar Shugabannin Jihohi da gwamnatocin OAU (daga baya, Majalisar AU). Waɗannan membobin, waɗanda ke hidimar wa'adin shekaru shida da za a sabunta su, an zaɓe su ne daga cikin ƴan Afirka masu daraja mafi girma, waɗanda aka san su da ɗabi'a, mutunci, rashin son kai da cancantar al'amuran ƴancin ɗan adam da na jama'a" (Charter, Mataki na 31) da, wajen zaɓar waɗannan mutane, ana ba da la'akari musamman "ga mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar shari'a".
Microsoft Windows
Tsaro
Izinin Fayil
Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka
Abun ciki
Membobin za su more cikakken ƴancin kai wajen gudanar da ayyukansu kuma su yi hidima bisa ga kashin kai (watau, ba wakiltar jihohinsu ba); duk da haka, babu wata ƙasa memba da za ta iya samun fiye da ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ƙasa a cikin Hukumar a kowane lokaci. Membobin za su zaɓa, daga cikin lambar su, shugaba da mataimakin shugaba, waɗanda kowannensu zai cika wa'adin shekaru biyu.
Microsoft Windows
Tsaro
Duk nau'ikan Windows daga Windows NT 3 sun dogara ne akan tsarin izini na tsarin fayil wanda ake kira da AGDLP (Lissafi, Duniya, Yankin Yanki, Izini) wanda ake amfani da izinin fayil a fayil / babban fayil a cikin 'ƙungiyar gida' wanda kuma ke da sauran 'kungiyoyin duniya' a matsayin membobi. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin duniya suna riƙe da wasu rukuni ko masu amfani dangane da nau'ikan Windows da aka yi amfani da su. Wannan tsarin ya bambanta da sauran samfuran dillalai kamar su Linux da NetWare saboda rabon 'tsaye' izinin da ake amfani da shi kai tsaye zuwa fayil ɗin ko babban fayil ɗin. Koyaya ta amfani da wannan tsari na AGLP / AGDLP / AGUDLP yana ba da izinin yin amfani da ƙananan izinin izini kuma yana ba da damar sauye-sauye masu sauƙi ga rukunin asusun ba tare da sake shigar da izinin izini a kan fayiloli da manyan fayiloli ba.
Aiwatar da Madadin
Saboda shaharar tsarin aiki, an saki aikace-aikace da yawa wadanda ke da nufin samar da daidaito da aikace-aikacen Windows, ko dai a matsayin tsarin hada-hada ga wani tsarin aiki, ko kuma a matsayin wani tsari wanda zai iya gudanar da software da aka rubuta don Windows daga akwatin. Wadannan sun hada da:
Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka
Umarni
Hukumar tana da faffaɗan alhaki guda uku su ne kamar haka:
Maƙasudin da ke sama wataƙila an dakatar da su yayin da aka sanya Hukumar cikin nauyi mai nauyi, musamman batutuwan kuɗi a ƙarshen 80s, yayin da suke ƙoƙarin kammala ayyukan ƙasashen. Ƙasashen Afirka, ban da Habasha da Laberiya, suna da tasiri sosai daga mulkin mallaka, gaba daya suna da raunin gwamnati, da raguwar tattalin arziki. Don cimma wannan buri, an wajabta wa Hukumar ta “tattara takardu, gudanar da nazari da bincike kan matsalolin Afirka a fagen ‘yan Adam da jama’a, da haƙƙi, da shirya tarurrukan karawa juna sani, taron karawa juna sani da tarurruka, yada bayanai, karfafa cibiyoyi na ƙasa da na gida da suka shafi dan Adam. da haƙƙin mutane kuma, idan lamarin ya taso, ya ba da ra'ayoyinsa ko ba da shawarwari ga gwamnatoci" (Charter, Art. 45).
Tare da kafa kotunan Afirka kan yancin ɗan adam da jama'a (a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar Yarjejeniya ta shekara ta 1998 kuma ta fara aiki a cikin Janairun shekara ta 2004), Hukumar za ta sami ƙarin aikin shirya ƙararraki don gabatar da hurumin Kotun. A wata shawara da ta yanke a watan Yulin shekara ta 2004, Majalisar AU ta yanke shawarar cewa za a haɗa Kotunan ƴancin Bil Adama da Jama'a a nan gaba tare da Kotun Shari'a ta Afirka.
Hanyoyi na musamman
Hukumar tana da wasu tsare-tsare na musamman na wakilai na musamman, kungiyoyin aiki da kwamitoci masu bincike da bayar da rahoto kan wasu batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam, kamar ƴancin faɗin albarkacin baki, ƴancin mata, ƴan asalin ƙasar da azabtarwa. Kowace hanya tana shirya da gabatar da rahoton ayyukanta ga Hukumar a kowane zama na yau da kullun.
Nairaland
Nairaland dandalin intanet ne na Ingilishi na Najeriya. Seun Osewa ya kasance hamshakin dan kasuwan Najeriya ne Kuma ya kafa shafin a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2005, ya kuma kasance shine gidan yanar gizo na 6 da aka fi ziyarta a Najeriya.
A halin yanzu tana da masu rajista sama da miliyan 2.64 tare da batutuwa sama da miliyan 6.19 da aka ƙirƙira zuwa yau, kuma an kiyasta kusan kashi 3% na masu amfani da Intanet a Najeriya suna rajista a kan Nairaland, idan aka kwatanta da masu amfani da Facebook miliyan 11 na Najeriya, wanda yayi daidai da kusan kashi 20%. na yawan jama'ar Intanet. Rajista ya zama dole kawai don yin posting, yin sharhi ko liking posts.
Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka
Cibiyar sadarwa
Ƙungiyar ta ACHPR ta dogara ne da wata hanyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) waɗanda ake buƙata su mika rahoton ga hukumar duk bayan shekara biyu. Hukumar ta baiwa ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda 514 matsayin masu sa ido.
Nairaland
2014 4chan wasan kwaikwayo
A lokacin cutar Ebola cutar annoba, masu amfani daga 4chan rajista a kan Nairaland a 2014 to propagate ƙarya da'awar cewa Amirkawa da Turawa suna yada cutar Ebola a cikin sihiri al'ada ta hanyar bauta wa 4chan ta " Ebola-chan " meme (an anime personification na cutar Ebola).
2014 lokacin saukarwa
A ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2014, bayan nasarar yin kutse, Nairaland ta tafi layi a takaice. Masu satar bayanan sun sami damar shiga, da kuma goge abubuwan da ke cikin, uwar garken gidan yanar gizon da kuma madadin. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, ya dawo kan layi bayan an kwato wasu bayanai daga ajiyar waje. Koyaya, an yi asarar posts ɗin mai amfani da rajista tsakanin 10 ga Janairu, 2014, da Yuni 22, 2014. Ana buƙatar masu amfani da asusun ajiyar kuɗi su sake yin rajista.
Ka'idar makircin QAnon
A cikin Agusta 2020, Daily Beast ta ba da rahoton cewa wasu masu amfani a Nairaland suna haɓaka ka'idar makircin QAnon.
Yan daji
Yan daki Qauye ne a cikin qaramar hukumar kaita
Brown Ideye
Brown Ideye (an haife shi a shekara ta 1988) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nijeriya. Ya buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Nijeriya daga shekarar 2010.
Emilia Clarke
Emilia Isobel Euphemia Rose Clarke (an haife ta 23 Oktoba 1986) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya. An fi saninta da hotonta na Daenerys Targaryen a Game of Thrones. Ta sami lambobin yabo daban-daban, gami da lambar yabo ta Masarautu, lambar yabo ta Saturn, nadin Zabin Zaɓen Critics' Choice Award da kuma nadin firamare huɗu na Emmy Award. A cikin 2019, Time ya sanya mata suna ɗaya daga cikin  mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya.
Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya
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Emilia Clarke
Clarke yayi karatu a Cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta London, yana fitowa a cikin shirye-shiryen da yawa. Fitowarta ta farko a gidan talabijin ta kasance baƙo a cikin opera ta sabulun likita ta BBC One a cikin 2009, tana da shekaru 22. A shekara ta gaba, mujallar Screen International ta yi mata suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Stars of Gobe" Triassic Attack (2010). Clarke tana da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Daenerys Targaryen, a cikin HBO epic fantasy series tv Game of Thrones (2011–2019).
Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya
Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif dari tara da hamsin da biyu(1952 ) miladiyya. ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma masanin gine-gine wanda aka zaɓa a majalisar dattijan Najeriya a shekara ta 2007, wanda ya wakilci mazaɓar Kano ta Kudu a jihar Kano a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar All Progressive Congress (APC). An zaɓi Kabiru Gaya mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan majalisar tarayya (IPU) na Afirka a babban taron ƙungiyar karo na 135 a Geneva, Switzerland a Oktoba 2016.
Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Gaya daga shekara ta alif 1961 zuwa-1964 da Tsangaya Primary School inda ya gama makarantar firamari a shekarar 1968 babban dan uwansa a lokacin shi ne Shugaban Makarantar sannan kuma Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban makarantar wanda ya koyar da shi Lissafi a makarantar firamare. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati ta Birnin Kudu daga shekarar 1969 zuwa 1973 inda ya samu takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC) da Kwalejin Ilimin Kimiyya daga 1974-1975 inda ya sami IJMB. Ya sami digiri a fannin Gine-ginen daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello a 1977
An zabi Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya a majalisar dattijan Kano ta Kudu a 2007. An kuma nada shi a kwamitocin kan gas, Gidaje da na kasashen waje, Jihohi & Kananan hukumomi, da Albarkatun Man Fetur da Ayyuka.
Orsu
Orsu na daya daga cikin Kananan hukumomin dake a jihar Imo a kudu maso Gabas, Nijeriya.
Mounir Majidi
Mounir Majidi ( cikakken suna Mohamed Mounir El Majidi, منير الماجيدي  ; an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu 1965) ɗan kasuwan Morocco ne. Ya kasance babban sakataren Sarki Mohammed VI tun 2000 kuma shugaban gidan sarauta, SIGER, tun 2002. Har ila yau, shi ne shugaban kungiyar al'adun Maroc, kungiyar da ke gudanar da bikin Mawazine, na Fath Union Sport (FUS) Rabat, na makarantar wasanni ta Mohammed VI, da kuma gidauniyar asibitin Cheikh Zaid.
Ƙuruciya
Dan ma'aikacin gwamnati ne, Mounir Majidi an haife shi kuma ya girma a wani yanki mai karamin karfi na Rabat). Ya sami manyan maki a makaranta, kuma daga baya aka zaɓe shi dan zama makarantar gida tare da ɗan uwan Mohammed VI na marigayi Naoufel Osman, ɗan Ahmed Osman da Gimbiya Lalla Nuzha ('yar'uwar Hassan II ).
Mounir Majidi abokin karatunsa ne na dan uwan marigayi Mohammed VI "Nawfal Osman", dan Ahmed Osman da Gimbiya Lalla Nuzha ('yar'uwar Hassan II ). Ya yi karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta a Strasbourg, Faransa inda ya yi aiki a Sagem kuma ya zauna na wasu shekaru kafin ya tafi birnin New York inda ya kammala MBA a Jami'ar Pace. Ya koma Maroko ya yi aiki a kamfanoni daban-daban mallakar ONA kafin ya kafa kamfanin talla (FC COM ko FC Holding). Bayan da aka nada Mohammed VI an zabe shi a matsayin da yake yanzu.
A shekara ta 1985, Mounir Majidi ya ƙaura zuwa Strasbourg, Faransa, don nazarin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Louis Pasteur. Bayan kammala karatunsa kuma ya yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a SAGEM, ya ƙaura zuwa birnin New York inda ya kammala MBA a fannin kudi a Jami'ar Pace.
Mounir Majidi yana sana’o’i da dama, yawancinsu suna da alaka da yadda yake tafiyar da hannun jarin Sarki a ONA da FC Com na kamfanin talla. Bugu da ƙari, yana jagorantar bikin kiɗa na Rabat, Mawazine – ta hanyar "Ƙungiyar Al'adun Maroc" wanda yake shugabanta. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rabat FUS Rabat,  kuma shugaban kuma wanda ya kafa Kwalejin kwallon kafa ta Mohammed VI (Académie Mohammed VI de kwallon kafa).
Mounir Majidi ya koma Maroko ya yi aiki a Banque Commerciale du Maroc, ONA da Caisse de dépôt et de gestion. A shekara ta 1997, ya kafa Sadarwar Sadarwa ta Farko (FC COM), kamfanin tallan tallan tallace-tallace tare da nasa samfurin allunan talla.
Sakataren Sarki Mohammed VI
A shekara ta 2000, Sarki Mohammed VI ya zabe shi a matsayin sakatarensa na sirri. Shi ne mai kula da sake tsara tsarin tafiyar da harkokin fadar Sarki da kula da harkokin sarauta. A shekara ta 2002, Sarki Mohammed ya nada Mounir Majidi a matsayin shugaban SIGER, gidan sarauta, da burin sabunta shi da kuma karfafa shi. Bugu da ƙari, yana jagorantar dabarun ci gaba na ONA da Société Nationale d'Investissement (SNI): waɗannan kamfanoni guda biyu sun zama fikafikan makamai na canjin tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Manufar Majidi ita ce kafa sabon tsarin tafiyar da harkokin tattalin arziki a kusa da "masu zaratan kasa", musamman a fannonin samun bunkasuwa kamar su sadarwa, makamashi, sufuri, banki, kiwon lafiya, yawon bude ido, gidaje da dillalai. Wannan dabarar tana da nufin mayar da Maroko a matsayin babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki a yankin arewa maso yammacin Afirka, da ma duk fadin nahiyar.
Sauran ayyukan
A shekara ta 2003, Sarki Mohammed ya nada Mounir Majidi shugaban gidauniyar Cheikh Zaid don gudanar da ayyuka da ci gaban asibitin Cheikh Zaid da ke Rabat. Mounir Majidi ya tsara tare da tura sabon tsarin tattalin arziki ga asibitin, wanda ya haifar da dawo da kwanciyar hankali na kudi da cin gashin kai. Daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2012, yawan kuɗin ya tashi daga Yuro miliyan 2,9 zuwa Yuro miliyan 24,6. A shekarar 2005, Sarkin ya baiwa Mounir Majidi shugabancin kungiyar al'adun Maroc, kungiyar da ke gudanar da bikin Mawazine na shekara. Majidi ya mayar da bikin zuwa taron kasa da kasa ta hanyar kawo sabon tsarin tattalin arziki na taron, wanda ya haifar da riba mai yawa, duk lokacin da aka ba da kyauta mai kyau da kuma kyauta ga 95% na mahalarta. Daga cikin mashahuran masu fasaha na kasa da kasa da suka kasance a kan matakin bikin akwai Whitney Houston (2008), Stevie Wonder (2009), Sting (2010), Mariah Carey (2012), Justin Timberlake (2014). A cikin Disamba 2007, an zabi Mounir Majidi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Fath Union Sport na Rabat kuma ya ƙaddamar da wani shiri na zamani wanda aka ƙaddara ya zama abin koyi na ƙasa ga sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni: sabunta abubuwan more rayuwa, ma'anar siyasar wasanni, da haɓakar ƙungiyoyin wasanni. alamar FUS. An sake zabei sa a matsayin shugaba a watan Maris 2014. A shekarar 2008, Sarki Mohammed ya sanar da kafa makarantar horar da kwallon kafa ta Mohammed VI sannan ya zabi Mounir Majidi a matsayin shugaban aikin. A karkashin kulawar sa, makarantar ta bude kofofinta a watan Satumbar 2009, tare da sabbin kayayyakin more rayuwa gaba daya daga abokan hulda masu zaman kansu.
Rigima
A watan Yunin 2012 jaridar Le Monde ta Faransa da kuma wasu jaridu masu zaman kansu na Morocco sun tuhumi Majidi da cin hanci da rashawa na miliyoyin daloli. Ba a kawo wani mataki na shari'a a Maroko ba amma Majidi ya kai karar dan jaridar Moroko Ahmed Benchemsi, marubucin labarin Le Monde kuma wanda ya kafa TelQuel, saboda bata suna a Faransa. Majidi kuma ya yi iƙirarin baƙar fata. A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni 2015 Babban Kotun Paris ta wanke Benchemsi kuma ba a bayar da diyya ba.
Yankuna na Ghana
Yankunan Ghana sune matakin farko na tsarin mulkin ƙasashe a cikin Jamhuriyar Ghana. A halin yanzu akwai yankuna goma sha shida, an sake rarraba su don dalilai na gudanarwa cikin gundumomi na gida 216.
Asali
An kafa tsoffin iyakokin yankuna goma a hukumance a cikin 1987, lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da Yankin Yammacin Yammaci a matsayin sabon yankin gudanarwa na jihar. Kodayake gabatarwar a hukumance ta kasance ne a 1987, Yankin Yammacin Yamma ya riga ya yi aiki a matsayin yanki na gudanarwa tun bayan ballewar yankin na Upper Region a watan Disambar 1982, gabanin kidayar kasa ta 1984. An gudanar da zaben raba gardama kan kirkirar sabbin yankuna shida a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 2018 - an amince da dukkan sabbin yankuna da aka gabatar.
Abu-Hudhayfah ibn Utbah
Abū Ḥudhayfa ibn ʿUtba (Larabci: أبو حذيفة بن عتبة; mutuwa 633), cikakken suna Abū Ḥudhayfa ibn ʿUtba ibn Rabīʿa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin Sahabban Manzon Allah Muhammad (S.A W) na farko. Ɗa ne ga Utba ibn Rabi'a, ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Banu Abd Shams. Ɗan'uwa ne ga Walid ibn Utba da Hind bint Utba, matar Abu Sufyan ibn Harb.
Yana da bawa da ake kira Salim Mawla Abi Hudhayfa, shahararre ne daga cikin Sahabban Annabi Muhammad kuma masanin Kur'ani, wanda ya ƴanta shi kuma ya ayyana shi amatsayin ɗansa har sai sanda aka saukar da ayoyin Alkur'ani da suka soke yin hakan, sai ya ɗauki Salim amatsayin babban abokin.
Mutuwa
Ya rasu tare da ɗan da ya raina, Salim Mawla Abi Hudhayfa a yaƙin Musaylima zamanin khalifah Abu Bakr.
Yan dadawa
Yan daddawa dai kauye ne da yake a karkashin karamar hukumar malumfashi da ke a jihar katsina
Maxwell Anikwenwa
Maxwell Anikwenwa (An haifeshi a shekara ta 1940). Limamin cocin Anglican ne a Najeriya.
Aiki
Ya kuma kasance Shugaban Cocin Najeriya.
Ya yi ritaya a matsayin Bishop na Awka, Babban Bishop na Nijar kuma Shugaban Coci a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba 2010.
Abdullah na Saudi Arabia
Abdullah ya mutu ne daga matsalolin cututtukan huhu yana da shekara 90. An'uwansa Salman sun ɗauki matsayinsa na sarki.
Yan doki
Yan doki Qauye ne a cikin qaramar hukumar kaita dake jihar katsina
Masallacin Sidna Ali
Masallacin Sidna 'Ali (Larabci: مسجد سيدنا علي, Masjid Sidna 'Ali; Hebrew: מסגד סידנא עלי, Misgad Sidna Ali) wani masallaci ne da ke cikin ƙauyen Al-Haram da ba a cika ba a bakin teku a arewacin yankin Herzliya a ƙasar Isra'ila. . Ya yi aiki, tun daga 1998, a matsayin duka biyun masallaci da makarantar addini.
Masallacin yana kusa da wani kabari da ake kyautata zaton na wani waliyyi ne, Ali b. Alim wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1081. Mawallafin tarihin Sultan Baybars, Muhyi al-Din (ya rasu a shekara ta 1292) ya bayyana Ali a matsayin babban malami kuma ma'aikacin mu'ujiza. A cewar Mujir al-Din (rubutu a shekara ta 1496), Baybars sun ziyarci kabarin a shekarar 1265. Baybars sun yi addu'ar samun nasara kafin su kwato Arsuf daga hannun 'yan Salibiyya. Bikin shekara-shekara wanda aka tabbatar a nan cikin karni na 15 ya ci gaba har zuwa 1940s.
Ginin da ake da shi ya ƙunshi sassa daban-daban na gine-gine da gyare-gyare na shekaru daban-daban, duk da haka Petersen ya yi iƙirarin cewa babu wani daga kafin karni na 15, yayin da Taragan ya gano abubuwa, musamman ƙofar ƙofar minaret, wanda ya dace da salon sauran gine-ginen addini na Mamluk na farko daga 1270s. -90s, lura da cewa duk da cewa babu wani rubutaccen takarda da ya rage don tallafawa irin wannan farkon ranar masallaci. Bangaren ginin da aka bayyana a matsayin mafi dadewa a shekarar 1950 ya bace. Taragan ya sanya aikin gina arcades ɗin da aka ajiye zuwa wani lokaci tsakanin ƙarni na goma sha uku zuwa na sha biyar, tare da ƙarin ƙarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci da aka yi a ƙarshen karni na 15, gami da rijiyar, abin tunawa da marmara a kan kabarin da hasumiya da ba a san ko wanene ba. An kara dakunan da ke hawa na biyu da kuma rubutun da aka ajiye a gaban mihrab. Wani harin bama-bamai da sojojin ruwa suka kai a yakin duniya na daya da kuma sake gina wannan minaret din. An yi manyan ayyukan gyarawa a cikin 1926, 1950s da 1991–1992.
Gomoa Pomadze
Gomoa Pomadze birni ne, da ke a tsakiyar yankin Ghana. Yana kusa da Winneba akan babbar hanyar Cape Coast zuwa Accra. Shi ne shafin don Kwalejin Jami'ar Perez wacce ita ce jami'a ta farko mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a yankin Tsakiya. Nana Apata Kofi V shine sarkin garin.
Kurfi Umaru
Kurfi Umaru (an haife shi a shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da biyu 1952) a kurfi, jihar katsina. memba ne a jam'iyyar APC kuma ya kasance Sanata a majalisar dokoki ta Najeriya har zuwa watan Mayun shekarar 2019. Umaru ya samu ilimi ne a Najeriya amma ya halarci wani lokacin bazara a Jami'ar Jihar Kansas a Amurka. Ya wakilci Katsina Central. An kayar dashi a matakin farko na APC.
Sam Rogers (fullback)
Sam Rogers (an haife shi Afrilu 12, 1995) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka kuma koci wanda a halin yanzu shine babban koci a Makarantar Sakandare ta Hanover. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Virginia Tech, kuma ya ɓata lokaci akan jerin sunayen Los Angeles Rams da Buffalo Bills.
Kurfi Umaru
Farkon Rayuwa
An haifeshi a karamar hukumar Kurfi dake Jihar Katsina a shekarar 1952. Dan siyasa ne a jamiyar APC wanda yayi matsayin dan majalisar dokoki na jiha.
Sam Rogers (fullback)
Aikin makarantar sakandare
A makarantar sakandare, Rogers ya buga matsayi da yawa, gami da kwata-kwata, da gudu baya, faffadan mai karɓa, da kuma matsayi na tsaro da yawa. Ya garzaya don yadudduka 1,178 da ƙwanƙwasa 18 kuma ya jefa don yadi 1,006 da ƙwanƙwasa shida a matsayin babba, kuma ya kama wucewar 5 don yadi 90. A lokacin, ya kuma buga kwallon kwando da lacrosse.
Aikin koleji
Rogers ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Virginia Tech.
Los Angeles Rams
Los Angeles Rams ne suka tsara Rogers a zagaye na shida, 206th gabaɗaya, a cikin 2017 NFL Draft. Shi ne na uku na hudu na Virginia Tech Hokies da za a zaba a waccan shekarar. An yi watsi da shi a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2017, kuma an rattaba hannu a kan tawagar horar da Rams washegari. Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ajiyar / nan gaba tare da Rams a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2018. A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 2018, Rams sun yi watsi da Rogers.
Aikin koyarwa
Bayan wasansa na NFL ya ƙare, Rogers ya shiga Shirye-shiryen Kwalejin Benedictine a matsayin mataimakin koci ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 2018. Daga baya ya shiga ma’aikatan horar da almajiransa, Hanover High School, ya fara a matsayin mataimaki a 2019 kuma ya zama babban koci a 2020.
Englefeld, Saskatchewan
Englefeld ( yawan jama'a na 2016 : 285 ) ƙauye ne a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin Karamar Hukumar St. Peter No. 369 da Sashen Ƙidaya Na 15. Kauyen yana da nisan kilomita 32 gabas da birnin Humboldt akan Babbar Hanya 5.
Tarihi
An ba wa al'ummar sunan Peter Engel, abbot na Saint John's Abbey, wanda ke Collegeville, Minnesota. Ba a san dalilin da ya sa aka rubuta sunan Engel daban da sunan kauyen ba.
An ƙirƙiri Englefeld azaman ƙauye ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1916.
Kurfi Umaru
Ilimi
Bayan yasamu damar kammala karatunsa na farko, ya fara zuwa Kwalejin Malamai na Katsina, inda daga nan ya wuce zuwa makarantar horar da malamai. Bayan ya yi koyarwa a matsayin malami har tsawon shekara guda, sai ya ci gaba da zuwa Babbar Kwalejin Malamai, a Kano, inda ya sami takardar shedar karatu ta Ilimin Ƙasa (NCE).
Englefeld, Saskatchewan
Alkaluma
A cikin kididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekarar 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Englefeld yana da yawan jama'a 259 da ke zaune a cikin 105 daga cikin 114 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. -9.1% daga yawanta na 2016 na 285. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 0.66 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 392.4/km   a cikin 2021.
Kurfi Umaru
Ilimi
Kurfi na daga cikin membobin kungiyar United Nigeria Peoples Congress (UNPC).
Englefeld, Saskatchewan
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2016, ƙauyen Englefeld ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 285 da ke zaune a cikin 107 daga cikin 117 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. 13.3% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 247. Tare da filin ƙasa na 0.65 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 438.5/km   a cikin 2016.
Arts da al'adu
Hog Fest - Englefeld Hog Fest Uba Florian Renneberg ne ya shirya shi a 1972. Taron tara kuɗi na shekara-shekara na 40 ya kawo mutane 1270 a cikin ƙarshen ƙarshen Yuli (Yuli 1 – 3, 2011) wanda ya haɗa da wasan wuta na ranar Kanada, bukukuwan kasuwar carnival / manoma, wanda ya ƙare a cikin biki tare da aladu 16 kyafaffen, da rufewa tare da karin kumallo na pancake. A matsayin wani ɓangare na 25th Hog Fest (wanda aka yi bikin a 1996) a 7 tsayi (17 ft dogon) alade fiberglass an gina shi a saman ginin Koenders Manufacturing da ke Englefeld tare da Babbar Hanya 5.
Englefeld Gallery
Yanayi (Climate)
Yanayi shine matsakaicin yanayi na yau da kullun, wanda aka saba da shi tsawon shekaru 30. Ƙari da ƙarfi, shine ma'anar da canjin yanayin canjin yanayi a tsawon lokacin da ya fara daga watanni zuwa miliyoyin shekaru. Wasu daga cikin canjin yanayi da ake yawan aunawa sune zazzabi, zafi, matsin yanayi, iska, da hazo. A taƙaice, yanayi shi ne yanayin abubuwan da tsarin tsarin yanayi ya ƙunsa, wanda ya haɗa da teku, ƙasa, da kankara a doron ƙasa. Yanayin wani wuri yana shafar latitude / longitude, ƙasa, da tsayin sa, da kuma ruwayen ruwa da ke kusa da su.
Za'a iya rarrabe yanayi gwargwadon matsakaita da matsakaicin jeri na masu canji daban -daban, galibi yawan zafin jiki da hazo. Tsarin rarrabuwa da aka fi amfani da shi shine rarrabewar yanayi na Köppen.
Paleoclimatology shine nazarin tsoffin yanayi. Tun da akwai 'yan kallon kai tsaye na yanayin ƙasa kafin ƙarni na 19, ana samun paleoclimates daga masu canza wakili waɗanda suka haɗa da shaidar ba-biotic kamar ɓoyayyen da ake samu a cikin gadajen tafki da kankara, da kuma shaidar halittu kamar zoben itace da murjani. Samfuran yanayi su ne ƙirar lissafi na canjin yanayi na baya, na yanzu da na gaba. Canjin canjin yanayi na iya faruwa akan tsawon lokaci da gajeren lokaci daga abubuwa da dama; an tattauna dumamar yanayi a ɗumamar yanayi. Dumamar yanayi yana haifar da sake rarrabawa. Misali, "a 3 Canjin ° C a matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara -shekara yayi daidai da jujjuyawar isotherms na kusan kilomita 300-400 a cikin latitude (a cikin yanayin zafi) ko mita 500 a tsayi. Don haka, ana tsammanin nau'ikan za su iya hawa sama zuwa sama ko zuwa sandunan a cikin latitude don mayar da canjin yanayin yanayi ".
Ma'anar Yanayi
Yanayi (daga κλίμα  klima, ma'ana karkata) ne fiye da bayyana a matsayin yanayin kaddarance a kan wani dogon lokaci. Matsakaicin matsakaicin lokacin shine 30 shekaru, amma ana iya amfani da wasu lokutan dangane da manufar. Har ila yau, yanayin ya haɗa da ƙididdiga ban da matsakaita, kamar girman girman bambancin yau da kullun ko na shekara zuwa shekara. Ƙididdigar ƙamus na ƙungiyoyin gwamnatoci a kan canjin yanayi (IPCC) 2001 kamar haka:
Nthabiseng Mosia
Aiki
Mosia da abokan aikinta sun yi tunanin samar da ingantaccen wutar lantarki mai araha ga gidajen da grid ɗin Afirka ta Yamma ba su yi aiki ba, a lokacin karatunsu na digiri. Tare sun sami manyan kudade don aikin daga gasa da hackathons a cikin Amurka, kamar D-Prize a cikin 2015 da Columbia Venture Competition 2016. Kudade na farko ya baiwa Mosia da abokan aikinta damar gudanar da binciken samar da makamashi a cikin gidaje 1,500 na Saliyo.
Easy Solar, ciniki a duniya kamar Azimuth, an ƙirƙira shi a cikin 2016 a matsayin yunƙurin kasuwanci don faɗaɗa isar da ingantattun na'urorin makamashin hasken rana (kamar fitilu da tsarin gida) a cikin Saliyo da ke ƙarƙashin samarwa. Kamfanin yana ba da yunƙurin kuɗi, irin su haya-zuwa-mallaka, akan tsarin biyan kuɗi don taimaka wa matalauta gidaje su sami nasu na'urorin hasken rana.
Bincike ya nuna cewa kusan daya daga cikin gidaje dari na karkara a Saliyo ke samun wutar lantarki. Tun da aka kafa kamfanin Easy Solar ya yi ikirarin bai wa gidaje 30,000 wutar lantarki. Kamfanin na shirin fadada kasuwancin nan ba da jimawa ba zuwa kasashen Laberiya da Guinea da ke makwabtaka da kasar.
Mosia kuma mai ba da shawara ce don faɗaɗa damammaki ga matan Afirka.
Labaran Abdul Madari
Labaran Abdul Madari, wanda aka fi sani da Abdul Madari, dan majalisa ne daga jihar Kano kuma dan siyasar Najeriya. An zabe shi Shugaban Masu Rinja a karo na biyu a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kano a ranar 15 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2020.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Abdul Madari a shekara ta 1968 a Madarin Mata na karamar hukumar Warawa ta jihar Kano. Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Kawo Cikin Gari da ke Warawa, da kuma Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati da ke Garko. Madari ya kuma halarci Kwalejin Malami ta Minjibir don samun shedar karatun sa ta Grade II kuma ya samu difloma daga Makarantar Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya da ke Kano.