cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Erna Kretschmann
Ƙirƙiri
Daga 1960 zuwa gaba, Erna da Kurt Kretschmann sun canza yankin tare da gidan ajiyar su zuwa "Gidan Kula da Yanayi": Ba tare da umarnin gwamnati ko tallafin kudi ba, an yi amfani da kayan aikin muhalli da kuma nuna lambun, An gina gidajen baƙi kuma an shirya darussan horo don ƙarfafa baƙi don yin aikin kiyaye yanayi. Ta hanyar kokarinsu, "cibiyar sadarwa ta masu kiyaye dabi'a, masu sha'awar yanayi da masoya yanayi" suka fito. A karo na farko (har zuwa 1964) Erna Kretschmann har yanzu tana da cikakken aiki a Frankfurt (Oder) don tabbatar da rayuwar dangi. A shekarar 1964 ta amince da aikin na wani lokaci a cikin kantin sayar da littattafai na mutane a Bad Freienwalde don samun karin lokaci don "Gidan Kula da Yanayi". Daga shekarar 1968 ita da mijinta sun kula da wannan ginin.
Erna Kretschmann ta aiwatar da ayyukanta na al'adu da siyasa a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan kuma, ta hanyar ayyukanta masu yawa, ta daɗe tana ɗaukar nauyin rayuwar iyali; Mijinta, a gefe guda, yi aiki da yawa da son rai, saboda ba a aiwatar da damuwar sa cikin sauri kuma a kai a kai a cikin injin kayan aikin jihar. Ko ta yaya, tana kulawa da kula da halittun halittu a "Gidan Kula da Yanayi", don kula da dubban baƙi, don rubuta labarai kan tambayoyi game da kiyaye yanayin halitta da kuma kula da wasiƙarta da ta mijinta: Don haka tana da yawancin ayyukan kiyaye yanayin ta hanyar tallafin kuɗi da fasaha. "Har wa yau, sake maimaitawa, da sanin wannan yarinyar, kwarewar diflomasiyarta, muhimmin rakiyar ta a lokacin, altrizim, ingantata na kyakkyawan dalili, abokantaka, da yardarta ta tsaya ta Kurt, wani bangare kuma ba da damar kai tsaye ga alherin da ba a iya jurewa ba. Mutane nawa kuka ba da farin ciki, bege, suka ba da gudummawar rayuwa, abun ciki, mutum nawa za ku iya cin nasara don kiyaye yanayin!"
Jawabi
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Jerin Sahabbai
B
Bilal bin rabaha
Saniabad, Kerman
Saniabad ( Persian , kuma Romanized ko S̄ānīābād )  wani ƙauye ne a cikin Gundumar Fahraj Rural, a cikin Gundumar Tsakiya ta Gundumar Fahraj, Lardin Kerman, Kasar Iran. A ƙidayar jama'a ta shekara ta 2006, yawan jama'arta yakai kimanin mutum 89, a cikin iyalai 20.
Mamadou Diatta
Mamadou Diatta (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Afrilun 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya.
Sana'a
A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan 2020, Diatta ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrun sa na farko tare da Pau FC. Ya fara wasansa na farko tare da Pau a wasan 1-1 Ligue 2 da Rodez AF a ranar 29 ga ga watan Agustan 2020.
Solange Yijika
Solange Yijika fitacciyar 'yar fim ce ta Kamaru      also much present in the Nigerian theatre and film producer, ma ta kasance a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Nijeriya  da furodusan fim, kuma ta kasance mai fafutuka ga mata da yara hakkoki. Ita ce 'yar wasan da aka fi sani a cikin yankin Afirka ta Tsakiya kuma babbar jigo a bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Kamaru (CAMIFF).
Rayuwa da ilimi
Yijika ta fito ce daga Arewa maso Yammacin Kamaru. Ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Yaoundé II, Soa, Kamaru.
Ayyuka
Yijika ta kasance muhimmiyar fuska a masana'antar Fina-Finan Kamaru tun farkon bayyanar ta kusan shekara ta 2005. A cikin kamfe guda biyu na yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro a Kamaru wanda Global Fund for the fight against Malaria, Tuberculosis and Aids (Global ta tallafawa don yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro, tarin fuka da cutar kanjamau), an yi amfani da ita a matsayin ta na mai kwalliya a cikin fastocin. Ta kuma kasance mai fafutukar tabbatar da adalci ga mata da yara a duniya. Ta kasance jakadiya ce a karo na 1 na Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Duniya (CAMIFF) a shekarar 2016.
Yijika ta kasance a cikin masana'antar fina-finai ta Kamaru a yawancin shirye-shirye da yawansu suka kai 20 kuma tana mai karɓar yabo da yawa ne da suka haɗa da AMAA da NAFCA.
Har yanzu a shekarar 2012, an saka ta a fim din Nollywood, " Jini ko Wine ", wanda Henry Neba Awantoh da Jim Iyke suka shirya kuma Neba Lawrence ya ba da umarnin, wanda Ruth Kadiri ta rubuta.
A cikin 2013, ta kasance yar takarar don SONNAH Awards.
Ta fito a fim din, " Decoded ", wanda Brenda Elung ta shirya - ita ma 'yar fim ce kuma Akim Macaulay da Enah Johnscott suka ba da umarni a 2013, inda ta yi aiki tare da' yan wasan Ghana da Kamaru kamar Van Vicker, Jeffery Epule da Desmond Wyte.
Ta kasance daya daga cikin masu jagoranci a tattaunawar a 2016 na bikin ba da lambar yabo ta Afirka, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 8 ga Yuli a Cibiyar Taro ta Duniya, Abuja, Najeriya tare da Richard Mofe Damijo, dan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya kuma dan siyasa.
A fim din 2017, " Bayyanar da Jaruntaka don Warkarwa ", wanda Musing Derick Tening ya bayar da umarni kuma Tessy Eseme ta shirya, ta yi rawar " Jazmine Juma ". An fara fim din a Landan.
An gabatar da ita ce don samun lambar yabo a karo na 2 na lambar yabo ta CAMIFF, wanda aka gudanar tsakanin Afrilu 24-29, 2017 a Buea, Kamaru tare da wasu 'yan wasan Camerwood da Nollywood suma an tsayar. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu ɗaukar nauyin CAMIFF 2018 tare da Nollywood Ramsey Nouah.
Bobo-Dioulasso
Bobo-Dioulasso (lafazi: /bobo dyulaso/) birni ne, da ke a yankin Hauts-Bassins, a ƙasar Burkina Faso. Shi ne babban birnin yankin Hauts-Bassins. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2015, jimilar mutane fiye da dubu dari biyar. An gina birnin Bobo-Dioulasso a karni na sha ɗaya bayan haifuwan annabi Issa.
Nicole Amarteifio
Nicole Amarteifio (an haife ta a shekara ta 1982) manajan daraktan fim na Ghana ne, furodusa, kuma marubuciya.
Kasuwan Kurmi
Kasuwan Kurmi wani babban Kasuwa ce dake cikin garin birnin Kano, a Jihar Kano, Nijeriya. Tsawon Sarkin Kano Muhammad Rumfa ne yasamar da'ita, tun a karni na goma sha biyar (15), har yanzu ana amfani da kasuwar a wannan karni na 21th. a 2003, Sale Ayagi shine chairman na yan kungiyar kasuwar.
Navi Pillay
Navanethem "Navi" Pillay (an haife ta ranar 23 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 1941) ƙwararriyar masaniyaf shari'a ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Kwamishinan Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga 2008 zuwa 2014.'Yar Afirka ta Kudu 'yar asalin Tamil ta Indiya, ita ce mace ta farko da ba farar fata ba a Kotun Koli ta Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkaliya ta Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya da Shugabar Kotun Hukunta Laifukan Ruwanda. .Wa'adinta na shekaru huɗu a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan a hukumar kare Ƴancin Ɗan Adam ya fara a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2008 kuma an ƙara ƙarin shekaru biyu a 2012. Yarima Zeid bin Ra'ad ne ya gaje ta a watan Satumban 2014.A cikin Afrilun shekarar 2015 Pillay ta zama Kwamishina ta 16 na Hukumar Yaƙi da Hukuncin Kisa ta Duniya. Har ila yau, tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane 25 a hukumar yaɗa labarai da dimokuraɗiyya da ƙungiyar masu rajin kare hakkin bil'adama ta Reporters Without Borders ta kaddamar.
Kasuwan Kurmi
Kasuwan Kurmi ta bayar da aron sunan ta ga wata kungiyar wasa kwallon kafa. .
Navi Pillay
Fage
An haifi Pillay a shekara ta 1941 a wata matalauta unguwar Durban, lardin Natal, Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu. Ita 'yar asalin Tamil ta Indiya ce kuma mahaifinta direban bas ne. Ta auri Gaby Pillay, lauya, a cikin Janairu 1965. Tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. Al'ummar Indiya sun tallafa mata da gudummawa, ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Natal tare da BA a shekarar 1963 da LLB a 1965. Daga baya ta halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard, ta sami LLM a 1982 da kuma Dikita na Digiri na Kimiyyar Shari'a a 1988. Pillay ita ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ta farko da ta sami digiri na uku a fannin shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard.
Rastafari
Rastafari ko Rastafariyanci (ko kuma Rasta) memba ne na mabiyan addinin Rastafari. Yawancin Rastafariyya suna rayuwa a yankin Karibiyan galibi a Jamaica. Rastafari sun ce Haile Selassie na Itofiya, shine Jah (takaice daga Jehovah wato Ubangiji). Sun ce Yesu ya sake dawowa cikin siffar Haile Selassie I, ko Jah, kamar yadda ya yi alƙawari a cikin Baibul, kuma zai kai su Sihiyona, aljanna kenana ko Habasha. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke bayyana mai Rastafariyya: ba sa shan giya, ba sa aske gashin kansu, suna shan tabar wiwi, suna da tsayayyen abinci na yau da kuma kullun (galibi sunfi cin ganyayyaki), kuma sun yi imani da kuma Jah da Sihiyona, wato Ubangiji da Aljanna. Abincinsu ana kiransa I-tal wanda aka samo asali daga kalmar mahimmanci, kuma wani abu ne kamar kosher na Yahudawa, amma wani lokacin bashi da nama sam. Kulle-kulle kayan ado ne na yau da kullun na Rastafariyya. A gare su, tsoro ya nuna ruhaniya: kalmar "tsoro" tana nufin "tsoron Ubangiji". Yanayi shine muhimmin bangare na rayuwar Rastafari. Suna son komawa Afirka da rayuwa ta al'ada. Sun yi imanin cewa shan wiwi na taimaka musu wajen tuntuɓar Jah, kuma rayuwarsu ta inganta idan suna yin zuzzurfan tunani.
Rastafari da al'adun su
Da yawa daga cikin mawaƙan reggae suna daga cikin harkar Rastafari, ciki har da shahararren mawakin nan Bob Marley, wanda ya mutu a 1981. Rapper Snoop Dogg ya zama dan Rastafariya a shekarar 2012. Ya yi kundin waƙoƙin sa na salon reggae.
Jerin Sahabbai waɗanda ba larabawa ba
Wadannan su ne sahabban Annabi wadanda ba larabawa ba.
Harshen larabci
Larabci
Franck Rabarivony
Franck Rabarivony (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba 1970 a Tours) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasa mai tsaron gida.
Ya fara wasan sa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Auxerre a cikin shekarar 1993. A lokacin aikinsa na shekaru 21 mai ban mamaki ya kuma taka leda a Real Oviedo, Vitória de Guimarães, Skoda Xanthi da Stade Tamponnaise.
Duk da cewa bai taba buga wasa a Madagascar ba, amma duk da haka ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malagasy inda ya buga wasa daya tilo a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamban 2003 da Benin a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika a shekarar 2004.
Sulaiman Adamu Kazaure
Sulaiman Adamu Kazaure (An haife shine a ranar 19 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 1963) a karamar hukumar Kazaure da ke jihar Jigawa.
Karatu
Adamu ya kammala karatun digirinsa a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke garin Zariya a shekara ta, 1984 da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniya wanda yasamu damar fita da (Second Class Upper Honours) a fannin Injiniya; sannan kuma ya samu digirin digirgir na Kimiyya a cikin (Gina) Project Management daga Jami'ar Karatu, United Kingdom a shekara ta, 2004.
Aiki da Mukaman Siyasa
Ya fara aikin gwamnati ne a Hukumar Raya Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCDA) a shekarar (1985) inda ya kula da ayyukan gina tituna da gadoji a yankin Abuja ta tsakiya; da kuma Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Ruwa (WRECA) ta Jihar Kano, inda ya tsara, kulawa da gudanar da ayyukan ruwa da madatsun ruwa da dama. daga Baya kuma Adamu ya kafa haɗin gwiwar Integrated Engineering Associates (IEA) babban kamfani na tsari, lantarki, injiniyanci da injiniyan injiniya inda ya shiga cikin tsarawa, ƙira, kulawa da sarrafa gine-gine da ayyuka da yawa a Nijeriya. A shekara ta, (1995 zuwa 2000) Qungiyar IEA ta nadashi a matsayin Babban Mashawarci a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Man Fetur (Special) Trust Fund. A matakin aiwatarwa ya yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Ayyuka akan ayyuka da yawa, musamman a ƙarƙashin shirin PTF Urban/Semi-Urban, Regional and Rural Water Supply Programme, National Farm Power Machinery Rehabilitation Programme da National Waterways Development Project (Dredging of River Niger). Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Gudanarwa ta Tsarin Injiniya a Najeriya, COREN a shekara ta (2006 zuwa 2009).
Sulaiman mai bincike ne kuma mai gudanar da harkokin siyasa.Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa (North West), na rusasshiyar Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), daga shekara ta (2010 zuwa 2013) kuma ya taba rike mukamai a manyan kwamitocin jam’iyya da dama da kuma na yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Buhari-Okadigbo a shekara ta (2003), Buhari-Ume-Ezeoke (2007), Buhari-Bakare a shekarar (2011), da Buhari-Osinbajo (2015).Ya shirya shirin Buhari na shekarar (2003) da Buhari Program a shekara ta (2007) da Buhari Program for Change a shekara ta ( 2011).
A watan Oktoban shekarar( 2015) shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya nada shi a matsayin ministan Ruwa da Albarkatun kasa. a shekara ta ( 2015 zuwa 2019) Hakama a karo na biyu aka sake tabbatar dashi akan mukaminsa na ministan Ruwa da Albarkatun kasa a shekara ta (2019).
Nasara
Ya kasance wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Hukumar Tashoshin Ruwa ta Najeriya don Mafi kyawun Shekarar Ƙarshe a Injiniya, a shekara ta, 1984.
A halin yanzu Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Injiniya a Najeriya (ACEN). Har ila yau, memba ne na American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) da Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE). Ya yi aiki a majalisar gudanarwa ta Majalisar Dokokin Injiniya a Najeriya, COREN (2006 zuwa 2009) kuma ya kasance a kwamitoci daban-daban na ACEN da NSE.
North Battleford Crown Colony
Arewacin Battleford Crown Colony ( yawan 2011 164) al'umma ce da ba ta da haɗin kai a cikin gundumar Karkara ta Arewa Battleford No. 437 a cikin Saskatchewan, Kanada wanda ƙididdigar ƙidayar Kanada ta ayyana yanki na ƙidayar jama'a. Yana kusa da Birnin North Battleford kuma gida ne ga Asibitin Saskatchewan North Battleford.
Geography
Kasancewa a cikin gundumar Karkara ta Arewa Battleford No. 437, reshen ƙidayar jama'a ta Arewa Battleford Crown Colony tana da iyaka da Birnin North Battleford zuwa arewa da gabas kuma yana kan iyakar arewa maso gabas na Kogin Saskatchewan ta Arewa. Garin Battleford yana ƙetare kogin zuwa yamma yayin da Gundumar Rural na Kogin Yaƙi mai lamba 438 ke haye kogin zuwa kudu.
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na 2021 da Kididdiga Kanada ta gudanar, Arewacin Battleford Crown Colony yana da yawan jama'a 104 da ke zaune a cikin 0 na jimlar 0 na gida mai zaman kansa, canjin -32.5% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 154. Tare da yankin ƙasa na 1.27 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 81.9/km a cikin 2021. In the 2011 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the North Battleford Crown Colony recorded a population of 164 living in 5 of its 8 total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2006 population of 153. With a land area of 1.26 km2, it had a population density of in 2011.
<div aria-describedby="canada-census-footnotes" aria-labelledby="canada-census-caption" class="canada-census toccolours mw-collapsible" role="figure"> Canada census – North Battleford community profile References: 2021 2011 earlier
Kula da lafiya
Arewacin Battleford Crown Colony gida ne ga Asibitin Saskatchewan North Battleford,  cibiyar kula da tabin hankali, wacce ke 1 Jersey Street. Yankin Lafiya na Prairie Arewa ne ke gudanar da shi. A halin yanzu asibitin yana da gadaje 252, kodayake a halin yanzu ana kan gina asibitin da zai maye gurbin wanda a ƙarshe zai sami gadaje 284 da zarar an kammala ginin a cikin bazara na 2018.
Manazarta
52.736°N, -108.261°W<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"> 52.736°N, -108.261°W
Nicole Amarteifio
Tarihin rayuwa
A shekarar 2006, Amarteifio ta koma Accra, Ghana, don yin aiki a ci gaban tattalin arziki a gidauniyar ci gaban Afirka. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙaura zuwa Afirka, tana da ra'ayin gabatar da shiri kamar "Sex and the City" a Accra. Amarteifio ta dawo Amurka don halartar Jami'ar Georgetown kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a kan sadarwa a cikin 2010. A Georgetown, ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Mike Long, wanda ya ƙarfafa mata sha'awar rubutun allo. Amarteifio ta sami aiki a Bankin Duniya a matsayin na farko-farkon mai tsara dabarun yada labarai a Accra. Bayan 'yan watanni da komawa Gana, sai ta fara gabatar da ra'ayinta ga kwararru a talabijin, wadanda suka ki karbar aikin amma suka karfafa mata gwiwar koyon yadda ake rubuta wasan kwaikwayo.
Amarteifio ta kirkiro kasafin kuɗi kuma ta fahimci cewa tana buƙatar kuɗi ne kawai don farawa maimakon samar da cikakken lokaci. Don koyo game da samarwa, ta bi aikin masana'antar watsa labaru da yawa kuma ta shiga kwasa-kwasan kwaleji. Amarteifio ta gano rubutattun labaran "Sex and the City" da kuma abubuwan da suka nuna a yanar gizo, kuma tayi amfani dasu azaman samfuri na rubutun ta, da kuma labarai daga kawayenta a duk fadin Afirka. Ta sami 'yan wasa a wajen yin kira, kuma ta tuntubi wani tsohuwa' yar ajinsu mai suna Maame Adjei, don ta taka rawar Zainab. Adjei ya tafi makaranta a Connecticut tare da Nana Mensah, wanda Amarteifio ya zaɓa don halin Sadé. Amarteifio ta yi amfani da wasu filman fim ɗin ƙasar Gana, Amarteifio sun fi daukar fim ɗin ta a ƙarshen mako da dare don kada su yi karo da aikinta a Bankin Duniya.
Yanayin farko na shirinta, An African City, an sake shi akan Youtube a cikin Maris 2014. Hakan ya biyo bayan rayuwar abokai biyar ne da suka koma Afirka bayan sun zauna a ƙasashen waje kuma suna tafiya kan soyayya, sana'o'i, da kuma rayuwar dare a babban birnin Ghana, tare da tattaunawa kai tsaye game da jima'i. Amarteifio na nufin ƙirƙirar tattaunawa game da abin da ke Afirka, da kuma kawar da abubuwan da aka haramta. An soki jerin don wakiltar haruffan elitist waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da yawancin matan Afirka. Amarteifio ya kawar da wannan sukar, yana mai tambayar ra'ayin matsakaiciyar mace 'yar Afirka. Lokaci na biyu na wasan kwaikwayon ya fito a cikin 2016. Jerin shirye-shiryenta na TV na biyu, mai ban sha'awa na siyasa da ake kira Jamhuriyar, an kuma sake shi a cikin 2016, dangane da shari'o'in gaske a Accra.
An kira Amarteifio "Shonda Rhimes na Ghana." An nada ta daya daga cikin Matan 100 na OkayAfrica a 2018. Fim din ta na farko, Kafin Alkawura, wanda aka fara shi a Seattle International Film Festival a cikin 2018. Wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, yana bin alakar Afua da Nii yayin da suke tunanin aure.
Abubakar Girei
Abubakar Halilu Girei (an haife shi ne a ranar 14 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1954) an zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar mazabar Adamawa ta Tsakiya ta Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya a farkon Jamhuriya ta Hudu ta Najeriya, bayan tsayawar sa takara a jam’iyyar PDP. Ya hau mulki a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun shekarata 1999.
Bayan samun kujera a majalisar dattawa, an bashi matsayi a kwamitin ayyukan majalisa, Harkokin Banki da Kudade, Harkokin cikin Gida (mataimakin ciyaman), da kuma Harkar Basukan cikin Gida da Kasashen Waje.
Acikin watan Junairun 2011, Girei ya fito takara na kujerar majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar Adamawa ta Tsakiya a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP a zaben shekara ta 2011, amma yazo na uku a zaben fidda gwani. Alhaji Bello Tukur, tsohon shugaban ma'aikata ga gwamna Murtala Nyako, ne ya lashe zaben.
Kuruciya da Karatu
An haifi Sanata Abubakar H. Girei a ranar 14 ga watan March 1954 a karamar hukumar Girei a Jihar Adamawa. Ya halarci shahararriyar kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya don karatunsa na sakandare, sannan ya zarce zuwa Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, inda yayi karatunsa na digiri a Quantity Survey sannan kuma digiri na biyu a Business administration (MBA). Ya kasance Kwararren Mabiyin gwaje-gwajen filaye (Chartered Quantity Surveyor), mai bunkasa Gidajen Haya kuma mai kula da gine-gine.
Senata Girei ya kasance Mabiyin Cibiyar Ma'aikatan Gwaje-Gwaje na Najeriya, kuma mabiyin Nigerian Institute of Management, kuma memba na National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS) Kuru, Jos, inda ya rike mukamin Monita Jenar na SEC 31.
Navi Pillay
Kyaututtuka
An ba ta digirin girmamawa
Masallacin Atiq, Awjila
Masallacin Atiq (ana kuma kiransa Babban Masallacin, ko masallacin al-Kabir) (Larabci: عتیق مسجد) masallaci ne a ƙauyen Oji na Awjila, a cikin saharar yankin Cyrenaica da ke gabashin Libya. Al'umma ta faro ne tun zamanin da. Tun lokacin da Larabawa suka karbe shi a karni na bakwai, Musulunci ya kasance yana taka rawar gani a rayuwar Awjila. Masallacin na ƙarni na 12, mafi tsufa a yankin, yana da gidaje masu banƙyama waɗanda aka yi da mudbrick da farar ƙasa wanda ke ba da haske da iska.
Wuri
Awjila da gabar da ke kusa da gabar Jalu sun kebe, garuruwa daya tilo da ke kan babbar hanyar hamada tsakanin Ajdabiya, kilomita 250 (160 mi) zuwa arewa maso yamma, da Kufra, kilomita 625 (388 mi) zuwa kudu maso gabas. Oasis yana samar da kwanan wata mai inganci. Mutanen da ke gabar tekun galibi Berber ne, kuma wasu har yanzu suna magana da asalin asalin Berber. Ya zuwa shekarar 2005 yaren Awjila yana cikin haɗari sosai. Masallacin yana cikin tsohon garin yankin na Awjila.
Tarihi
Larabawa sun fara kamfen kan Daular Byzantine jim kaɗan bayan Muhammad ya mutu a shekara ta 632, da sauri suka mamaye Siriya, Farisa da Misira. Bayan sun mamaye Alexandria a shekara ta 643, sai suka ratsa tekun Bahar Rum na Afirka, suka ɗauki Cyrenaica a 644, Tripolitania a 646 da Fezzan a 663. Sidi 'Abdullāh ibn Sa'ad ibn Abī as-Sarḥ ne ya mamaye yankin da ke kusa da Awjila. An kafa kabarinsa a Awjila wajajen 650. Bayan gabatarwa a karni na bakwai, Addinin Islama koyaushe ya kasance babban tasiri ga rayuwar masarautar. Marubucin tarihin Larabawa Al-Bakri ya ce tuni akwai masallatai da dama a kusa da gabar dajin a karni na 11. Farawa a cikin 1960s, masana'antar mai ta haifar da ci gaba a ƙauyen mai bacci sau ɗaya. Zuwa 1968, yawan ƙauyen ya ƙaru zuwa kusan mutane 2,000, kuma a 1982 ya tashi sama da 4,000, waɗanda masallatai goma sha biyu ke tallafawa.
Tsarin
Babban Masallacin Atiq shine tsohon masallaci a yankin. Ginin yanzu yana zuwa karni na 12. An sake dawo da shi a cikin 1980s. Oasis ya kasance wurin da za a kalli husufin rana na 29 Maris 2006, kuma an sake gyara masallacin a shirye-shiryen baƙi.
Akwai madogara ta itacen dabino a kowane gefen ƙofar shiga masallacin. Ginin tubalin laka wanda ba a saba gani ba ya mamaye yanki na murabba'in mita 400 (4,300 sq ft) kuma an rufe shi da gidaje masu kwalliya guda 21 waɗanda aka yi da tubalin laka da farar ƙasa. Kowane dome yana da ƙananan ƙofofi don haske ya shiga cikin ginin. Gidaje kuma suna aiki don kiyaye yanayin cikin gida, suna samar da wani nau'i na kwandishan yanayi.
Bangunan suna da santimita 40 (16 a ciki). Kofofin tara sun shiga cikin cikin ginin, inda ginshiƙai da baka da yawa ke haifar da faɗi, haske, sanyi da kwanciyar hankali. Kusa da mihrab akwai mahimmin juji na minbar, inda liman yake tsaye. Masallatai a kasashen Larabawa da Gabashin Afirka suna da irin wannan adon, wanda ke iya nuna cewa masu ginin masallacin sun bi makarantar Ibadi ta Islama.
Sulaiman Adamu Kazaure
Sarautar Gargajiya
Da kuma Galadiman Kazaure a shekara ta (2021) Hakimin Roni a shekara ta (2021)
Masallacin Atiq, Awjila
Manazarta
Bayanan kula
Ambato
Majiya
Usman dan Fodiyo
Usman Dan Fodiyo
Wilson Harris
Sir Theodore Wilson Harris (24 Maris 1921 - 8 Maris 2018) marubucin Guyan ne. Ya rubuta waƙa,, amma tun daga nan ya zama sanannen marubuci.
Salon rubutun sa galibi ana ce da shi abu ne wanda ba shi da ma'ana. An yi tunanin Harris yana ɗaya daga cikin sautuka na asali da sabbin abubuwa a cikin adabin bayan Turanci.
Ditshwanelo
Ditshwanelo ( Setswana for "rights"), ko Cibiyar hakkin dan Adam ta Botswana, kungiya ce ta kare hakkin dan Adam da aka kafa a shekarar 1993 a Botswana. Tana da nufin inganta yancin ɗan adam ta hanyar ilimi da shugabanci. Kungiyar ta yi gangamin adawa da hukuncin kisa da kuma hakkin LGBT. Domin bayar da shawararta ta sami lambobin yabo daga Hukumar tuntuba ta kasa des droits de l'homme da OutRight Action International.
Ayyuka
Alice Mogwe ce ta kafa Ditshwanelo a cikin 1993 a matsayin Cibiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Botswana. Kungiyar ta yi kamfen a kan batutuwa daban-daban na kare hakkin dan adam tare da mai da hankali kan batutuwan ilimi da harkokin mulki. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da shawarwari kyauta ga al'amuran shari'a, yana tallafawa mutanen San a arewacin Botswana da kuma shirya bikin fim na 'yancin ɗan adam na shekara-shekara a Gaborone. Ta kuma yi kamfen na yakar kyamar baki, misali shirya taron bita na kwana daya a shekarar 2001 mai taken "Wariyar launin fata, da nuna wariyar, kyamar baki da sauran ra'ayoyi masu alaka a Botswana".
Ditshwanelo ta dade tana kira da a soke hukuncin kisa, tana jayayya cewa kundin tsarin mulki na Botswana ya kamata ya mutunta mutunta bil'adama na dukan Botswanans, ciki har da masu laifi, da kuma bayar da rahoto ga FIDH, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya a shekarar 1998. A shekara mai zuwa, ta hana yin rashin adalci ta hanyar tsayar da hukuncin kisa ga mutanen San guda biyu, Gwara Brown Motswetla da Tlhabologang Phetolo Maauwe. An zarge su da laifin kisan kai a shekarar 1995 kuma Kotun daukaka kara ta sake su a 2006, bayan shekaru goma sha daya. Kungiyar ta tunatar da gwamnatin Botswana a shekarar 2018 cewa kasashen Afirka 42 sun daina yanke hukuncin kisa, kuma a yanzu Botswana ce kasa daya tilo a cikin kungiyar raya kasashen kudancin Afirka da ta same ta. An kashe Mmika Michael Mpe a shekarar 2020 saboda sa hannu a fashi da kisan Reinette Vorster a shekarar 2014. A martanin da ya mayar, Ditshwanelo ya yi sharhi "Mun sake nanata cewa asarar duk rayuwa abu ne mai matukar nadama koyaushe. Muna kara kira ga gwamnatinmu da ta binciko sauran nau’ukan hukunce-hukuncen aikata manyan laifuka.”
Ditshwanelo kuma ta mayar da hankali kan haƙƙin LGBT a Botswana. Ta yi kamfen don halatta liwadi a shekarar 1995 kuma ta shirya taron zagaye a shekarar 1998. A cikin 2003, ba ta yi nasara ba ta adawa da shirye-shiryen aikata laifukan jima'i na madigo. LEGABIBO ('Yan Madigo, Gays & Bisexuals na Botswana) an kafa su azaman hanyar sadarwa da Ditshwanelo ke goyan bayan kuma tana amfani da ofisoshin Ditshwanelo. Majiɓincin Ditshwanelo shine babban Bishop na Afirka ta Tsakiya Walter Khotso Makhulu. Lokacin da masu suka suka yi tambaya kan dalilin da ya sa cocin ke goyon bayan kungiyar da ke inganta yancin LGBT, Makhulu ya ce "Eh Littafi Mai Tsarki ya ce ya saba wa [luwadi]. Amma an rubuta shi a zamaninsa da kuma lokacinsa.”
Kyauta
Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta 'Yan Luwadi da Madigo ta Duniya (OutRight Action International ) ta gabatar da lambar yabo ta Felipa de Souza ga Ditshwanelo a shekara ta 2000, tare da amincewa da shawararta na sha'awar jima'i. Hukumar tuntuba ta kasa des droits de l'homme ta baiwa Ditshwanelo sannan kuma shugaba Alice Mogwe lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam a shekarar 2012, inda ta yi bikin aikinta na bayar da shawarwari ga ci gaban yankin tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve.
Daur
Daur ko Dahur na iya nufin to:
Aminu Saira
Aminu Muhammad Ahmad ansansa da Aminu Saira (an haife shi 20 ga watan Afrilu,a shekara ta alif dari Tara da sba'in da tara (1979) ya kasance Ɗan shirin fim ne kuma mai bada umarni kuma mai bada labari. Ana ganin sa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke sake fasalin Kannywood dan dacewa da zamani a yanzu kuma mafi shahara ɗan wasan Kannywood.
Idris Garba
Manjo Janar Idris Garba ya kasance Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Benuwe daga shekara ta 1987 zuwa shekara ta alif 1988 da kuma Gwamnan Jihar Kano daga shekara ta alif 1989 zuwa shekara ta 1992.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Idris Garba an haife shi ne a watan Yuli na shekara ta 1947 agarin Gulu, Nigeria, Lapai karamar (karamar Hukuma) a Jihar Niger. Yayi karatun sakandare a makarantar Sojan Najeriya, Zaria daga shekara ta 1963 zuwa shekara ta 1967.
Horon Soja
Ya shiga Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya, Kaduna, kuma an ayyana shi a matsayin laftanal na biyu a shekara ta 1968. Ya halarci kwasa-kwasai da dama kamar yadda yake a jerin layuka masu zuwa kamar haka:
Canjin yanayi a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka
Canjin yanayi a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka (MENA), yana nufin canje-canje a cikin yanayin yankin (MENA) da martani na gaba, daidaitawa da dabarun rage ƙasashe a yankin. A cikin 2018, yankin (MENA) ya fitar da tan biliyan 3.2 na carbon dioxide kuma ya samar da kashi 8.7% na hayaƙin mai gurɓataccen yanayi (GHG) duk da cewa kashi 6% ne kawai na yawan duniya. Wadannan fitowar galibi sun fito ne daga bangaren makamashi, wani bangare ne na tattalin arzikin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka saboda yawan albarkatun mai da iskar gas da ake samu a yankin.
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bankin Duniya da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya sun amince da ita a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kalubalen duniya a karni na 21, canjin yanayi a halin yanzu yana da tasirin da ba a taba gani ba ga tsarin halittun duniya. Canjin yanayin duniya da canjin yanayin teku, canjin yanayin hazo da karuwar yawan yanayi na yanayi sune wasu manyan tasirin sauyin yanayi kamar yadda Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC). Yankin (MENA) ya kasance mai saukin kamuwa da irin wannan tasirin ne saboda yanayin busashiya da rashin ruwa, yana fuskantar kalubalen yanayi kamar karancin ruwan sama, yanayin zafi mai yawa da busasshiyar ƙasa. Yanayi na yanayi wanda ke haifar da irin wannan ƙalubalen ga (MENA IPCC) ce tayi hasashen zai iya tsananta cikin ƙarni na 21. Idan fitar hayaki mai gurɓataccen abu ba a rage shi ba sosai, wani ɓangare na yankin (MENA) yana fuskantar haɗarin zama ba za a iya rayuwa ba kafin shekarar 2100.
Ana tsammanin canjin yanayi zai sanya babban damuwa a kan karancin ruwa da albarkatun gona a cikin yankin (MENA), wanda ke barazana ga tsaron kasa da kwanciyar hankalin siyasa na dukkan kasashen da aka hada. Wannan ya sanya wasu kasashen (MENA) shiga cikin batun sauyin yanayi a matakin kasa da kasa ta hanyar yarjeniyoyin muhalli kamar yarjejeniyar Paris. Hakanan ana kafa manufofin a matakin ƙasa tsakanin ƙasashe (MENA), tare da mai da hankali kan haɓaka kuzarin sabuntawa.
Gani Fawehinmi
Cif Abdul-Ganiyu Oyesola Fawehinmi, Gani, GCON, SAN (an haife shi a 22 ga watan Afrilun 1938 – 5 Satumban 2009) ya kasance mawallafi, publisher, philanthropist, social critic, Ɗan rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, ɗan siyasa, Senior Advocate of Nigeria
Comoran Franc
Faransanci ( franc comorien ; فرنك قمري   ; alamar: FC ; ISO 4217 code: KMF ) kudin hukuma ne na Comoros. An raba shi da sunan shi zuwa santimita 100, kodayake ba a taɓa fitar da adadin santimita ba.
Tarihi
Faranshi na Faransa ya zama kudin Comoros bayan tsibiran sun zama kariyar Faransa a 1886. A shekara ta 1891, Sultan Said Ali bin Said Omar na Grande Comore ( Ngazidja ) ya fitar da tsabar kudi da suka kai centimi da francs wadanda ke yawo tare da kudin Faransa. A cikin 1912, Comoros ya zama lardin Madagascar, wanda kuma mallakar Faransa ne. An rarraba takardun banki na Faransa da tsabar kudi a cikin mulkin mallaka. Baya ga batun gaggawa na ƙananan bayanan canje-canje a cikin 1920, kuɗin Faransa yana yaɗa shi kaɗai har zuwa 1925.
A ranar 1 ga Yulin 1925, gwamnatin Faransa ta kulla yarjejeniya da Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas don ƙirƙirar Banque de Madagascar, hedkwata a birnin Paris, kuma ta ba ta wani yanki mai zaman kansa don ba da kuɗi ga mulkin mallaka na Madagascar. Malagasy franc (Faransanci: franc malgache ) yayi daidai da franc na Faransa kuma tsabar kudin Faransa sun ci gaba da yaduwa yayin da Madagascar ba ta da tsabar kanta har zuwa 1943.
Lokacin da Comoros ta zama wani yanki na Faransa dabam a cikin 1945, an canza sunan bankin da aka ba da shi zuwa Banque de Madagascar et des Comores (har yanzu yana da hedikwata a Paris). An buɗe ofishin reshe a Comoros a shekara ta 1953. Yayin da aka canza takardun banki don nuna sabon matsayi na Comoros, tsabar kudi ba a canza ba kuma suna dauke da sunan Madagascar kawai. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 1945, an kafa CFA franc na Madagascar-Comores kuma an ƙayyadadden ƙimarsa a kan 1.7 Faransa francs. Tsofaffin tsabar kudi da takardun banki na Madagascar sun ci gaba da yawo a matsayin wannan sabon kudin. A ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1948, an ƙara darajar CFA franc zuwa francs 2 na Faransa.
A cikin 1950, gwamnatin Faransa ta karɓi mafi yawan ikon mallakar Banque de Madagascar et des Comores. A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1960, an sake fasalin Faransanci, tare da tsofaffin francs 100 ya zama sabon franc 1. (Décret n°59-1450 du 22 décembre 1959) Sabon canjin canjin shine 1 Madagascar-Comores CFA franc = 0.02 francs Faransa (50 Madagascar-Comores CFA francs = 1 franc Faransa).
A ranar 26 ga Yuni 1960, Madagascar ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa, kuma an ƙirƙiri Institut d'Émission Malgache (mai hedkwata a Antananarivo ) don ba da kuɗi ga Madagascar kawai. Madagascar ta bar yankin CFA daga ranar 1 ga Yuli 1973.
A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 1979, gwamnatin Comoros ta rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar de coopération monétaire entre la République Française et la République fédérale islamique des Comores, yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar kuɗi tare da Faransa, wanda ya mai da Comoros wani ɓangare na yankin franc (amma ba wani ɓangare na yankin CFA franc ba). ). Wannan yarjejeniya ta tanadi kafa tsarin daidaita daidaito tsakanin Faransa Franc da Comorian franc da canji kyauta tsakanin kudaden biyu, wanda babban bankin Comorian ya ba da garantin bude asusun gudanar da ayyuka ( compte d'operation ) a Faransa. Baitul mali ( Trésor jama'a ) don sarrafa duk ma'amaloli na musayar. Kashi 65 cikin 100 na asusun ajiyar waje na Comoros ana gudanar da shi ne a cikin Yuro a cikin wannan asusun. Wannan asusun yana kama da adibas na dare tare da Baitul Malin Faransa: yana iya ɗaukar riba kuma yana iya, a cikin yanayi na musamman, sanya ma'auni mara kyau. Duk da haka, don hana wannan asusun daga nuna wani abu mai ɗorewa, an kafa matakan rigakafi da dama.
An kafa kwanciyar hankali na Comorian franc akan tsauraran tsarin kuɗi da tsarin bashi, wanda takamaiman matakan tsaro guda biyu ke ƙulla: ana buƙatar babban bankin ya kiyaye murfin musanya na waje na 20% na alhakin gani, kuma ba a yarda gwamnati ta zana fiye da Kashi 20% na rasit na kasafin kudin shekarar da ta gabata daga asusun babban bankin su. Ministocin kudi na yankin franc (Faransa, yankin CFA da Comoros) suna ganawa duk shekara. Yarjejeniyar tsakanin Faransa da Comoros ta kasance daidai da yarjejeniyar da Faransa ta yi da yankin CFA. Ci gaba ne na dangantakar hadin gwiwa ta kudi tsakanin kasashen biyu da ta wanzu sama da karni guda.
Bilal Ibn Rabaha
Bilal daya daga cikin manyan sahabbai, ya yi imani da Annabi a farkon Musulunci, Bilal baki ne, dan asalin kasar Habasha, kuma shi ne Ladan na farko a tarihin musulunci.
Comoran Franc
Tarihi
Har zuwa 1994, Comorian franc yana da alaƙa da franc na Faransa akan ƙimar Comorian franc 50 zuwa franc 1 na Faransa. An canza wannan a ranar 12 ga Janairu 1994, lokacin da aka rage darajar kudin tare da rage darajar CFA franc. duk da haka, an rage darajar Comorian franc  % zuwa sabon farashin 75 na Comorian franc na Faransa 1, yayin da sabon farashin CFA franc ya kasance 100 CFA francs zuwa franc 1 na Faransa. Tare da ƙirƙirar Yuro a cikin Janairu 1999, Comorian franc ya kasance mai ƙima, a ƙimar sa, zuwa sabon kudin. Canjin musanya yanzu 491.96775 Comoran franc zuwa 1 Yuro.
Tarayyar Turai Monetary Union
A cikin 1998 a cikin tsammanin Tarayyar Kuɗin Kuɗi na Turai, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta yi magana game da yarjejeniyar kuɗi da Faransa ta yi da yankin CFA da Comoros kuma ta yanke hukuncin cewa:
Babban Bankin
Dokokin Babban Bankin Comoros ( Banque Centrale des Comores / البنك المركزي القمري Al-Bank al-Markazi al-Qomori ) ya bayyana cewa kwamitin gudanarwarsa zai kasance da mambobi takwas da za a zaba daga gwamnatin Comoriya, babban bankin Faransa. ( Banque de France ) da gwamnatin Faransa. Matsayin mataimakin darektan babban bankin Comoros yana hannun wani jami'in Banque de France, wanda ke da alhakin manufofin kuɗi. Tun daga ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1999, duk kuɗin aikin babban bankin an daidaita shi zuwa Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Daren dare na Yuro ( EONIA ) wanda ke haifar da daidaita bambance-bambancen ƙimar riba tare da Yuro. BCC tana aiwatar da tsarin ajiyar tilas (30% na ajiya) da tsarin sa ido na banki. Hedkwatar tana cikin Moroni, kuma gwamnan bankin na yanzu Mer Said Ahmed Said Ali.
Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1890, Sultan Said Ali na Bambao, Ngazidja ya ba da tagulla 5 da centimi 10 da azurfa 5 francs. An buga tsabar kuɗin a Paris zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kuɗin da aka yi daidai da kuɗin Faransa. Tsabar kudi guda uku sun daina aiki a ka'idar a cikin 1912 amma ƙananan ƙungiyoyi biyu suna ci gaba da haɓaka gabaɗaya a ƙarshen 1930. Ana yawan amfani da tsabar tagulla guda biyu don dalilai na sihiri-addini. uku suna ɗauke da irin wannan rubutun, ciki har da kwanan watan 1308 bayan Hijira, wanda ya yi daidai da kalandar miladiyya 1890/91 AD.
A cikin 1920s, ƙarancin tsabar kudi ya haifar da samar da alamun masu zaman kansu daga babban kamfanin mulkin mallaka a Ngazidja da kuma shukar sukari a kan Mayotte. Ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da 25 da 50 centimes da 1 da 2 francs. An yi amfani da aluminum da tagulla a cikin waɗannan alamun. A cikin 1964, an ƙaddamar da tsabar kuɗi musamman don amfani a cikin Comoros, wanda ya maye gurbin tsabar Madagascar da ake amfani da su a baya. Aluminum 1 FC, 2 FC, da 5 FC da aluminum-bronze 10 FC da 20 An ba da tsabar kudi FC. A cikin 1975, an ƙaddamar da nickel 50 francs, sannan nickel 100 ya biyo baya. FC a 1977 da nickel 25 FC 1981. Nickel-plated-karfe ya maye gurbin nickel bayan 1990. Cibiyar ta Institut d'Émission des Comores ta ba da tsabar kudi tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1977, yayin da babban bankin ya fitar da tsabar kudi tun 1981.
Har zuwa 1975, Faransanci kawai ya bayyana akan tsabar kudi na Comorian. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an kuma yi amfani da Comorian. Monnaie de Paris ya kasance yana hakowa gabaɗayan tsabar tsabar Comorian. Ana nuna wannan ta alamar mint na cornucopia akan tsabar kudi, ana iya gani zuwa hagu na kwanan wata, kodayake an cire wannan daga 1994 50. FC yanki bisa bukatar gwamnatin Comorian. Ana kera tsabar kuɗin a wurin su a Pessac, Gironde.
Na 5 FC tsabar kudin ana lakabi reali, yana nufin ainihin Mutanen Espanya ; ta 2 FC coin ana laƙabi da nusu, ma'ana "rabi", da kuma 1 FC tsabar kudin "robo", ma'ana "kwata". Na 1 FC, 2 FC, 5 FC da 10 FC tsabar kudi ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba saboda ƙarancin darajarsu. Na 25 FC da 100 FC tsabar kudi sun ƙunshi kalmar "Augmentons la production alimentaire" ( Bari mu ƙara yawan samar da abinci ). Na 5 FC coin ya ƙunshi kalmar "Conférence Mondiale sur les Pêches" ( Taron Duniya akan Kamun kifi ). Duk waɗannan kalmomin guda biyu suna nuni ne ga shirye-shiryen Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Comoros na daya daga cikin kasashe 114 da suka ba da tsabar kudi na FAO. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani akan tsabar kudi na FAO anan.
Bayanan banki
An ba da kuɗin takarda na Comorian na farko a cikin 1920. Ya ƙunshi batun gaggawa na tambarin gidan waya na Madagascar da aka sanya a cikin kati don ba su damar yawo a matsayin kuɗi. An ba da ƙima na centimes 50 da franc 1.
Mutum-mutumin Emotan
Mutum- mutumin Emotan wani gunki ne mai girman mutum wanda aka yi shi don girmama Emotan, hamshakin attajirin da ya kasance yana yin ciniki a kasuwar Oba da ke daular Benin ta tsohuwar masarautar Benin a zamanin mulkin Oba Uwaifiokun da mai girma Oba Ewuare. Oba Akenzua II ne ya kaddamar da mutum-mutumin a ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1954 kuma an ajiye shi a gaban kasuwar Oba a cikin birnin Benin.
Comoran Franc
Bayanan banki
Loi ordinaire 62-873 da 31 ga watan Juillet 1962, Mataki na 12, ya baiwa Banque de Madagascar et des Comores damar ci gaba da bayar da bayanan kula a Comoros bayan da Madagascar ta fara fitar da kudinta, amma tun daga 1 ga Afrilu 1962, sun sami " COMORES " a kan su. Ƙungiyoyin 50 FC, 100 FC, 500 FC, 1,000 FC da 5,000 An bayar da FC. Kamar yadda a cikin Decret 64-1038 du 07 Oktoba 1964, takardun banki ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba sun daina kasancewa takardar doka a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1964. Rubutun da aka wuce gona da iri sun yada har zuwa 1976, lokacin da 500 FC, 1,000 FC da 5,000 An gabatar da FC ta Institut d'Émission des Comores, 50 FC da 100 Ana maye gurbin bayanan FC da tsabar kudi. Babban bankin ya karbi aikin samar da kudin takarda a shekarar 1984. 2,500 FC da 10,000 An gabatar da bayanin kula na FC a cikin 1997, sannan 2,000 suka biyo baya FC a 2005. 2,500 FC bayanin kula da aka demonetized a kan 31 Janairu 2007.
Banque de France ne ke buga takardun banki na Comorian a masana'antar takarda a Vic-le-Comte da ayyukan buga su a Chamalières, duka a Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne. Na 500 FC, 1,000 FC, 2,000 FC, 5,000 FC, da 10,000 Bayanan FC na 2005 da 2006 sun ƙunshi ƙungiyar tauraro na EURion, tare da wasu ingantattun hanyoyin tsaro don sa su zama masu wahala ga jabu.
Alassane Ouattara
Alassane Ouattara (lafazi: /alasan watara/) ɗan siyasan kasar Côte d'Ivoire ne. An haife shi a ran ɗaya ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 1942 a Dimbokro, Côte d'Ivoire.
Alassane Ouattara shugaban kasar Côte d'Ivoire ne daga shekarar 2011 (bayan Laurent Gbagbo).
Samantha Biffot
Samantha Biffot (an haife ta a shekara ta 1985) marubuciya ce yar Gabon mazauniyar Faransa, mai shirya fim da kuma daraktan fim.
Tarihin rayuwa
A shekara ta 2013, jerin shirye-shiryenta na TV L'Œil de la cité ( Idon birni) sun sami kyautar mafi kyawun jerin Afirka a bikin Fina-finai da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou. Jerin yayi nazarin laifukan al'ada da matsalolin muhalli da zamantakewar al'umma, tare da kowane ɓangaren yana da ɗabi'a a ƙarshen. Ta ce tarihin Amurkan Amurkawa ne ya shafeta daga Crypt, kuma Institut Gabonais de l'Image et du Son ce ta samar da jerin nata. A shekarar 2016, Biffot ya fitar da shirin fim din The African Who Wanted to Fly, wanda ke nuna rayuwar maigidan kung fu na Gabon Luc Bendza. Fim ɗin ya karɓi Kyautar Juri na Musamman a bikin Escales Socumentaires de Libreville tare da sanya masa suna Mafi kyawun Fina-finai a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Burundi na 2017 da Audiovisual. An kuma nuna dan Afirka da ke Son Tashi a Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München din Afirka na Fim a New York.
Har ila yau, a cikin 2016, Biffot ta yi rubuce-rubuce da kuma samar da fasalin Afirka na jerin TV Iyaye Yanayin d'Emploi. A cikin 2017, ta ba da umarnin shahararren jerin Taxi Sagat, wanda Sagat ya zama mai tasi kuma ta sanya mahayan cikin yanayi na ban dariya, kamar kiran budurwarsa. Biffot ta yi aiki tare da Oliver Messa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na 2019 Sakho & Mangane, game da 'yan sanda biyu da ke warware shari'o'in da suka shafi na al'ada. An yi fim ɗin a Dakar kuma ya ɗauki shekaru uku don ƙirƙirar. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2019, ta jagoranci wani taron bita ga yaran Samba a madadin kungiyar NGO ta Samba Labs, saboda ta yi la’akari da cewa ba a ba matasan Gabon isassun hanyoyin da za su bayyana ra’ayinsu ba.
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré (lafazi: /rok mark kristian kabore/) ɗan siyasan Burkina Faso ne. An haife shi a ran ashirin da biyar ga Afrilu a shekara ta 1957 a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré shugaban ƙasar Burkina Faso ne daga shekarar 2015 (bayan Michel Kafando).
Ƴancin gwaji
Gwajin da alkali mai shari'a ya lura dashi ba tare da nuna bangaranci ba shine shari'a mai adalci. Hakkoki daban-daban masu alaƙa da shari'ar gaskiya an yi shelar su a fili a cikin Mataki na 10 na Bayyanar da Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwaskwarima na shida ga Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, da Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Turai na' Yancin Dan Adam, da kuma sauran kundin tsarin mulki da shela da yawa a ko'ina duniya. Babu wata dokar kasa da kasa mai daurewa wacce ke bayyana abin da ba fitina ba ce; alal misali, haƙƙin shari'ar yanke hukunci da sauran mahimman hanyoyi sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.
Ma'anarta a cikin dokokin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya
Haƙƙin fitina cikin adalci yana da matukar taimako wajen bincika a cikin maganganu da yawa waɗanda ke wakiltar dokokin ƙasa da na gargajiya, kamar Sanarwar Universalan Adam na Duniya (UDHR). Ko da yake (UDHR) ta ba da wasu haƙƙoƙin shari'a na adalci, kamar ɗauka cewa ba shi da laifi har sai an tabbatar da wanda ake tuhuma da laifi, a cikin babban tanadin shi ne Mataki na 10 wanda ke cewa:"'Kowane mutum na da cikakkiyar daidaito ga bahasi na adalci a bainar jama'a ta hanyar kotu mai zaman kanta ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, wajen tabbatar da hakkokinsa da wajibai da kuma duk wani laifi da ake tuhumarsa da shi.'"Wasu shekaru bayan an karɓi (UDHR), haƙƙin tabbatar da adalci ya bayyana a cikin Yarjejeniyar duniya ƴancin Siyasa (ICCPR). An kiyaye haƙƙin shari'ar adalci a cikin Labarai na 14 da 16 na ICCPR waɗanda ke ɗauke da dokar ƙasa da ƙasa kan waɗancan jihohin da ke cikin ta. Mataki na 14 (1) ya kafa ainihin haƙƙin tabbatar da shari’a, aya ta 14 (2) ta tanadi zato na rashin laifi, kuma doka ta 14 (3) ta bayyana jerin mafi ƙarancin haƙƙin shari’ar adalci a shari’ar laifi. Mataki na 14 (5) ya tabbatar da hakkin wanda aka yanke wa hukunci ya sami babbar kotun da za ta sake duba hukuncin da aka yanke masa ko hukuncin da aka yanke masa, sannan kuma doka ta 14 (7) ta hana yin hatsari sau biyu. Mataki na 14 (1) ya faɗi cewa:"'Duk mutane za su kasance daidai a gaban kotuna da kotuna. Dangane da yanke hukunci kan duk wani laifi da ake tuhumarsa da shi, ko game da hakkoki da wajibai game da kararraki a gaban doka, kowane mutum na da hakkin ya sami damar sauraren karar da ya gabatar a gaban jama'a ta hanyar kotun da take da iko da 'yanci ba tare da son kai ba wacce doka ta kafa. Ana iya cire 'yan jaridu da jama'a daga duka ko sashin shari'ar saboda dalilai na ɗabi'a, tsarin jama'a ko tsaron ƙasa a cikin al'ummar dimokiradiyya, ko kuma lokacin da sha'awar rayuwar keɓaɓɓu na jam'iyyun ke buƙata, ko kuma gwargwadon tsananin a cikin ra'ayi na kotu a cikin yanayi na musamman inda tallata jama'a zai nuna bambanci ga bukatun adalci; amma duk hukuncin da aka yanke a cikin wani laifi ko kuma a wata kara a shari'ar za a bayyana shi sai dai inda maslahar yara ba tare da bukatar hakan ba ko kuma shari'ar ta shafi rigimar aure ko kulawar yara. '"
Taron Geneva
Yarjejeniyar Geneva (GC) da Proarin ladabi (APs) suna buƙatar duk wani fursunonin yaƙi da ke fuskantar shari'ar ya sami hukuncin da ya dace. Misali, Labarai na 102-108 na Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta Uku ta 1949 dalla-dalla game da adalcin gwaji a kan fursunonin yaki. Sauran tanade-tanaden na bukatar "gwaji na yau da kullun"; "tsare tsare na shari'ar da ta dace"; "kotun da ba ta nuna son kai kuma a kai a kai ana girmama ka'idodin tsarin shari'a na yau da kullun"; "Kotun da ake kafawa a kai a kai wacce ke tabbatar da dukkan alkawurran shari'a wadanda mutanen wayewa suka yarda da su ba dole bane"; da "kotu da ke bayar da muhimman abubuwan 'yanci da rashin son kai."
Ma'anar a cikin dokar haƙƙin ɗan Adam na yanki
'Yancin yin shari'a mai adalci yana kunshe a cikin kasida 3, 7 da 26 na Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a (ACHPR).
Hakanan an sanya haƙƙin fitina cikin adalci a cikin ƙa'idodi na 5, 6 da 7 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Yancin ɗan Adam da kuma ƙa'idodi na 2 zuwa na 4 na Yarjejeniyar ta 7 ga Yarjejeniyar.
Hakkin yin shari'a mai adalci ya kasance yana kunshe a cikin shafuffuka na 3, 8, 9 da 10 na Yarjejeniyar Amurka akan 'Yancin Dan Adam.
Hakkin fitina na gaskiya
An bayyana haƙƙin fitina cikin adalci a yawancin ƙasashe da na ƙasashen duniya game da haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan haƙƙoƙin ɗan Adam kuma duk kayan haƙƙin ɗan Adam na duniya sun sanya shi a cikin labarin fiye da ɗaya. Hakkin samun kyakkyawan shari’a yana daya daga cikin hakkokin dan Adam da kuma babbar shari’ar shari’a wacce aka kafa akan fassarar wannan ‘yancin dan Adam. Duk da bambance-bambancen kalmomi da sanya wasu hakkoki na shari'ar adalci, kayan aikin kare hakkin dan Adam na kasa da kasa sun ayyana 'yancin yin shari'ar adalci a cikin maganganu iri daya. Manufar dama ita ce tabbatar da dacewa da adalci. A matsayin mafi karancin ‘yancin fitina cikin adalci ya hada da wadannan hakkoki na shari’ar adalci a shari’ar farar hula da masu laifi :