cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Albarkatun dan'adam
Haihuwa da haɓaka tarbiyya
A cikin 1920, James R. Angell ya ba da jawabi ga wani taro kan bincike na ma'aikata a Washington yana ba da cikakken bayani game da buƙatar binciken ma'aikata. Wannan ya riga ya kai ga kafa Ƙungiyar Binciken Ma'aikata. A cikin shekarata 1922 an buga ƙaran farko na The Journal of Personnel Research, yunƙurin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Majalisar Bincike ta Ƙasa da Gidauniyar Injiniya. Hakanan a cikin Amurka, cibiyar farko ta ilimi mai zurfi wacce aka keɓe don karatun wurin aiki- Makarantar Masana'antu da Ma'aikata - wacce aka kafa a Jami'ar Cornell a shekarata 1945. A cikin shekarar 1948 abin da zai zama mafi girma ƙwararrun ƙungiyar HR - Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) - wanda aka kafa a matsayin American Society for Personnel Administration (ASPA).
A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, a halin yanzu, amfani da Stalin na ba da izini ya yi amfani da shi ta hanyar "Sashen HR" daidai a cikin Jam'iyyar Bolshevik, Orgburo, ya nuna tasiri da tasiri na manufofi da ayyuka na albarkatun ɗan adam,  da Stalin. da kansa ya yarda da mahimmancin albarkatun ɗan adam, an misalta shi a cikin yawan tura shi, kamar yadda yake a cikin tsare-tsaren shekaru biyar da kuma tsarin Gulag.
A cikin rabin karshen karni na 20,  ƙungiyar sun ƙi sosai, yayin da ƙwararrun kula da ma'aikata suka ci gaba da faɗaɗa tasirin su a cikin ƙungiyoyi.A {asar Amirka, kalmar  ar masana'antu da ma'aikata" ta zo amfani da ita don yin nuni musamman ga batutuwan da suka shafi wakilcin gama kai, da yawa.  yin la'akari da sana'ar proto-HR a matsayin "gwamnatin ma'aikata". ayyukan HR na yanzu sun samo asali ne da bukatun kamfanoni a cikin shekarata 1950s don haɓakawa da riƙe basira.
A ƙarshen karni na 20, ci gaban sufuri da sadarwa ya sauƙaƙe motsin ma'aikata da haɗin gwiwa. Kamfanoni sun fara kallon ma'aikata a matsayin kadara. "Gudanar da albarkatun ɗan adam" saboda haka. ya zama babban lokaci don aikin-ASPA har ma da canza suna zuwa Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) a shekarata 1998.
"Gudanar da babban jarin mutum " (HCM ) wani lokaci ana amfani da shi daidai da "HR", ko da yake "jallar ɗan adam" yawanci tana nufin raƙuman ra'ayi na albarkatun ɗan adam; watau ilimin da mutane ke kunshe da kuma iya ba da gudummawa ga kungiya. Sauran sharuɗɗan wani lokaci da ake amfani da su don bayyana filin HRM sun haɗa da "Gudanar da Ƙungiya", "Gudanar da Ma'aikata", "Gudanar da basira", " Gudanar da Ma'aikata ", "Gudanar da Ma'aikata", da kuma "Gudanar da Jama'a".
A cikin shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai
Shahararrun ayyukan watsa labarai da yawa sun nuna yadda ake gudanar da albarkatun ɗan adam a cikin aiki. A cikin jerin talabijin na Amurka na Ofishin, wakilin HR Toby Flenderson wani lokaci ana nuna shi a matsayin abin ƙyama saboda yana tunatar da abokan aiki akai-akai game da manufofin kamfani da dokokin gwamnati. Dogon wasan barkwanci na Amurka Dilbert akai-akai yana kwatanta manufofin HR na bakin ciki ta hanyar hali Catbert, "mugun daraktan albarkatun ɗan adam". Manajan HR shine taken taken a cikin fim ɗin Isra'ila na shekarar 2010 Manajan Albarkatun Jama'a, yayin da HR ɗin HR shine babban jarumi a cikin shekarata 1999 fim ɗin Faransanci Ressources humaines. Babban jigo a cikin matan cin abinci na BBC sitcom, Philippa, manajan HR ne. Jarumi na telenovela na Mexico Mañana Es Para Siempre darektan albarkatun ɗan adam ne. Up In the Air ya ta'allaka ne akan "downsizer" na kamfani Ryan Bingham (George Clooney) da tafiye-tafiyensa. Yayin da fim ɗin ke ci gaba, ana nuna HR a matsayin aikin sarrafa bayanai wanda ke hulɗa da mutane a matsayin ma'auni, wanda zai iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau ga mutane na gaske.
Ayyukan kasuwanci
Dave Ulrich ya lissafa aikin HR kamar haka:
A matakin macro, HR ita ce ke kula da jagorancin ƙungiyoyi da al'adu. HR kuma yana tabbatar da bin ka'idodin aiki da aiki, waɗanda suka bambanta ta yanayin ƙasa, kuma galibi suna kula da lafiya, aminci, da tsaro. Dangane da wurin yanki, ana iya aiwatar da dokoki daban-daban. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen tarayya, ana iya samun dokokin tarayya da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga manajojin HR su saba da su don kare kamfaninsu da ma'aikatansa. A cikin {asar Amirka, muhimman dokoki da ka'idoji na tarayya sun haɗa da Dokar Ka'idodin Ma'aikata na 1938, wanda ya haɗa da kafa mafi ƙarancin albashi da kuma kare haƙƙin wasu ma'aikata don samun karin lokaci. Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Tarayya ta shekarar 1964 ta kare kariya daga nuna bambanci kuma ta hana yin kowane yanke shawara na haya ko kora dangane da launin fata, shekaru, jima'i, da jinsi. Dokar izinin Iyali da Lafiya ta ba ma'aikatan da suka cancanta har zuwa makonni goma sha biyu na hutun da ba a biya ba saboda dalilai na iyali da na likita. Tabbatar da kamfanin ya bi duk dokoki da ka'idoji muhimmin al'amari ne na HR kuma zai kare kamfanin daga kowane irin 'alhakin doka'. A cikin yanayi inda ma'aikata ke sha'awar kuma an ba su izini bisa doka don gudanar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa, HR za ta zama babban haɗin gwiwa na farko tare da wakilan ma'aikaci (yawanci ƙungiyar ma'aikata ). Sakamakon haka, HR, yawanci ta hanyar wakilai, yana shiga cikin ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani tare da hukumomin gwamnati (misali, a Amurka, Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa ) don ci gaba da abubuwan da ta sa gaba.
Gudanar da albarkatun ɗan adam yana da ayyuka na asali guda huɗu: ma'aikata, horarwa da haɓakawa, ƙarfafawa, da kiyayewa. Ma'aikata shi ne ɗaukar aiki da zaɓin yuwuwar ma'aikata da aka yi ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, aikace-aikace, hanyar sadarwa, da sauransu. Akwai manyan abubuwa guda biyu don ɗaukar ma'aikata: jawo ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikata waɗanda suka cika buƙatun ƙungiyar da ɗaukar kayan aiki. Dole ne Ma'aikatan HR su ƙirƙiri dalla-dalla a dabarun daukar ma'aikata kuma su sami tsarin aikin da za a gabatar yayin daukar ma'aikata. Na gaba, manajoji na iya sanya dabaru a cikin wurin ta hanyar ɗaukar albarkatun, ta hanyar faɗaɗa don nemo mafi kyawun ma'aikata da za a iya ɗauka ga ƙungiyar. Daukar ma'aikata yana da matukar fa'ida tunda kowane kamfani yana son ƴan takara mafi kyau. Yin amfani da dabaru irin su kafofin watsa labarai na iya ɗaukar hankalin masu neman aiki. Horowa da haɓaka shine mataki na gaba kuma ya ƙunshi ci gaba da aiwatar da horo da haɓaka ƙwararrun ma'aikata masu dacewa. Anan, ana ganin ƙarfafawa azaman maɓalli don kiyaye ma'aikata ƙwararru sosai. Wannan ya haɗa da fa'idodin ma'aikata, ƙimar aiki, da lada. Fa'idodin ma'aikata, kimantawa, da lada duk ƙarfafawa ne don kawo mafi kyawun ma'aikata. Aiki na ƙarshe, kiyayewa, ya haɗa da kiyaye sadaukarwar ma'aikata da aminci ga ƙungiyar. Sannan Kuma Sarrafa don riƙe ma'aikata ya haɗa da ayyuka masu mahimmanci don ci gaba da ƙarfafa ma'aikata da mayar da hankali don haka za su zaɓa su ci gaba da aiki kuma su kasance cikakke don amfanin kungiyar. Wasu kasuwancin suna yin duniya kuma suna ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Sassan HR suna da aikin tabbatar da cewa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin za su iya aiki kuma mutane za su iya sadarwa a cikin al'adu da kan iyakoki. Har ila yau, horo na iya shiga cikin kula da motsi, musamman ga 'yan kasashen waje ; kuma akai-akai yana shiga cikin tsarin haɗaka da saye. HR ana kallon gabaɗaya azaman aikin tallafi ga kasuwancin, yana taimakawa rage farashi da rage haɗari.
Ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubale na HRM akai-akai shine magance ra'ayi na haɗin kai (ganin kamfani a matsayin haɗin kai, wanda ya kamata ace ma'aikata da ma'aikata su yi aiki tare don kyakkyawar manufa) da kuma tabbatar da haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci na ma'aikata da masu daukan ma'aikata tare da kowa. sha'awa.
Sana'o'i
There are half a million HR practitioners in the United States and millions more worldwide. The Chief HR Officer or HR Director is the highest ranking HR executive in most companies. He or she typically reports directly to the chief executive officer and works with the Board of Directors on CEO succession.
A cikin kamfanoni, matsayi na HR gabaɗaya ya faɗi cikin ɗayan nau'ikan biyu: janar da ƙwararru. Gabaɗaya suna goyan bayan ma'aikata kai tsaye tare da tambayoyinsu, korafe-korafensu, da yin aiki akan ayyuka da yawa a cikin ƙungiyar. Suna iya "ma'amala da dukkan bangarorin aikin albarkatun ɗan adam, don haka suna buƙatar ɗimbin ilimi. Sanna Kuma Ayyukan ƙwararrun ma'aikatan albarkatun ɗan adam na iya bambanta sosai, ya danganta da bukatun ma'aikatansu." Kwararru, akasin haka, suna aiki a cikin takamaiman aikin HR. Wasu masu aikin za su yi aiki gaba ɗaya a matsayin ko dai na gama-gari ko ƙwararre yayin da wasu za su sami gogewa daga kowane kuma su zaɓi hanya daga baya. An zaɓi matsayin manajan HR a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyuka a Amurka, tare da matsayi na #4 ta CNN Money a shekarata 2006 da matsayi na #20 ta wannan ƙungiya a cikin shekarar 2009, saboda biyan kuɗi, gamsuwar mutum, tsaro na aiki., ci gaban gaba, da fa'ida ga al'umma.
Tuntuɓar albarkatun ɗan adam hanya ce ta aiki mai alaƙa inda mutane za su iya aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara ga kamfanoni da kammala ayyukan da aka fitar daga kamfanoni. A cikin shekarata 2007, akwai shawarwarin HR 950 a duk duniya, wanda ya zama kasuwar dalar Amurka biliyan 18.4. Manyan kamfanonin samar da kudaden shiga guda biyar sune Mercer, Ernst & amp; Young, Deloitte, Watson Wyatt (yanzu wani yanki na Towers Watson ), Aon (yanzu ya hade da Hewitt ), da kuma PwC consulting. Domin a shekarata 2010, HR consulting ya kasance matsayi na #43 mafi kyawun aiki a Amurka ta CNN Money.
Wasu mutane da ke da PhDs a cikin HR da filayen da suka danganci, kamar masana'antu da ilimin halin jama'a da gudanarwa, farfesoshi ne waɗanda ke koyar da ka'idodin HR a kwalejoji da jami'o'i. Ana samun su galibi a Kwalejoji na Kasuwanci a cikin sassan HR ko Gudanarwa. Yawancin furofesoshi suna gudanar da bincike kan batutuwan da suka faɗo a cikin yankin HR, kamar biyan kuɗi, ɗaukar ma'aikata, da horo.
Albarkatun ɗan adam na zahiri
Fasaha tana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ayyukan HR. Yin amfani da fasaha yana ba da damar samun damar bayanai tsakanin ƙungiyoyi, yana kawar da lokacin yin ayyukan gudanarwa, ba da damar kasuwanci don aiki a duniya, da kuma rage farashi. Fasahar watsa labarai ta inganta ayyukan HR a fagage masu zuwa:
E- daukar ma'aikata
Fasahar bayanai ta rinjayi daukar ma'aikata galibi. A da, masu daukar ma'aikata sun dogara da bugawa a cikin wallafe-wallafe da kuma kalmomin baki don cike gurbi. Kwararrun HR ba su iya aika aiki a wuri fiye da ɗaya ba kuma ba su da damar yin amfani da miliyoyin mutane, wanda ya sa lokacin jagorancin sababbin ma'aikata ya kasance da wahala. Kuma Tare da amfani da kayan aikin daukar ma'aikata na e-mail, ƙwararrun HR za su iya aika ayyukan yi da bin diddigin masu neman dubunnan ayyuka a wurare daban-daban duk a wuri ɗaya. Tambayoyi na tambayoyi, binciken bayanan baya da gwaje-gwajen magunguna, da shiga jirgi duk ana iya duba su akan layi. Wannan yana taimaka wa ƙwararrun HR su ci gaba da lura da duk buɗaɗɗen ayyukansu da masu nema ta hanyar da ta fi sauri da sauƙi fiye da da. Har ila yau daukar ma'aikata na e-mail yana taimakawa kawar da iyakoki na wurin yanki.
Hirsch Barenblat
Hirsch Barenblat (an haife shi a shekara ta 1914) mawaƙi ne kuma shugaba, sananne  saboda matsayinsa na shugaban 'yan sandan Ghetto na Yahudawa a Będzin Ghetto da kuma shari'o'in shari'a a Poland da Isra'ila wanda Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta wanke shi a shekarar 1963.
Albarkatun dan'adam
Tsarin bayanan albarkatun ɗan adam
ƙwararrun HR gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar takardu masu yawa a kullun, kama daga buƙatun canja wuri na sashe zuwa takaddun harajin ma'aikaci na sirri. Dole ne fom su kasance cikin fayil na dogon lokaci. Yin amfani da tsarin bayanan albarkatun ɗan adam (HRIS) ya ba da damar kamfanoni su adana da kuma dawo da fayiloli a cikin tsarin lantarki don mutane a cikin ƙungiyar don samun dama ga lokacin da ake bukata, ta haka ne ya kawar da buƙatar fayilolin jiki da kuma yantar da sarari a cikin ofishin. Har ila yau, HRIS yana ba da damar samun damar bayanai a cikin lokaci; Ana iya samun damar fayiloli a cikin daƙiƙa guda. Samun duk bayanan a wuri ɗaya kuma yana ba wa ƙwararru damar yin nazarin bayanai da sauri kuma a cikin wurare da yawa saboda bayanin yana cikin wuri mai mahimmancin sosai.
Hirsch Barenblat
Duba kuma
Kapo
Haƙƙin rayuwa
Zubar da ciki
Kalmar "haƙƙin rayuwa" ana amfani da ita a cikin muhawarar zubar da ciki ta hanyar waɗanda suke so su kawo karshen aikin zubar da ciki, ko a kalla rage yawan aikin, kuma a cikin mahallin ciki, kalmar hakkin rai ya kasance. Paparoma Pius XII ya ci gaba a lokacin 1951 Papal encyclical :"Kowane mutum, hatta yaron da ke cikin mahaifa, yana da hakkin rayuwa kai tsaye daga Allah ba daga iyayensa ba, ba daga kowace al'umma ko hukuma ba. Saboda haka, babu wani mutum, babu wata al'umma, babu ikon ɗan adam, babu kimiyya, babu alamu ko kaɗan ko likita, eugenic, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, ko ɗabi'a wanda zai iya ba da ko ba da ingantaccen take na shari'a don zubar da gangan kai tsaye. na rayuwar mutum marar laifi… Paparoma Pius XII, Jawabi ga Ungozoma kan yanayin Sana'ar su Papal Encyclical, Oktoba 29, 1951." A cikin 1966 taron kasa na Bishops Katolika (NCCB) ya tambayi Fr. James T. McHugh zai fara lura da abubuwan da ke faruwa a sake fasalin zubar da ciki a cikin Amurka An kafa Kwamitin Haƙƙin Rayuwa na Ƙasa (NRLC) a cikin 1967 a matsayin Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Rayuwa don daidaita kamfen ɗin jahohinta a ƙarƙashin inuwar Babban Taron Kasa na Katolika na Bishops. Don yin kira ga ƙarin fa'ida mai fa'ida, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, manyan shugabannin Minnesota sun ba da shawarar tsarin ƙungiya wanda zai raba NRLC daga sa ido kai tsaye na Babban Taron Kasa na Bishops Katolika da kuma farkon 1973 NRLC Daraktan Fr. James T. McHugh da mataimakinsa na zartarwa, Michael Taylor, sun ba da shawarar wani tsari na daban, wanda ke sauƙaƙe tafiyar NRLC zuwa ga 'yancin kai daga Cocin Katolika na Roman Katolika.
Da'a da hakkin rayuwa
Wasu masu amfani da ɗabi'a suna jayayya cewa "haƙƙin rayuwa" inda akwai shi, ya dogara da yanayin wanin kasancewa memba na nau'in ɗan adam￼￼. Masanin falsafa Peter Singer sanannen mai ba da wannan hujja ne. Ga Singer, haƙƙin rayuwa yana dogara ne akan ikon tsarawa da kuma hasashen makomar mutum. Wannan ya shimfiɗa ra'ayi ga dabbobin da ba ɗan adam ba, kamar sauran birai, amma tun da ba a haifa ba, jarirai da nakasassu masu tsanani sun rasa wannan, ya furta cewa zubar da ciki, rashin jinƙai na jarirai da da kisansu za a iya barta (amma ba wajibi ba) a cikin wasu yanayi na musamman, misali game da naƙasasshen jariri wanda rayuwarsa za ta kasance cikin wahala.
Masana ilimin halittu da ke da alaƙa da haƙƙin nakasa da kuma nazarin nakasassu al'ummomin sun yi jayayya cewa ilimin Singer ya dogara ne akan tunanin iyawar nakasa.
Hukuncin kisa
Masu adawa da hukuncin kisa suna jayayya cewa cin zarafi ne na 'yancin rayuwa, yayin da magoya bayansa ke jayayya cewa hukuncin kisa ba cin zarafi ba ne na 'yancin rayuwa saboda 'yancin rayuwa ya kamata a yi amfani da shi tare da nuna rashin amincewa da adalci. 'Yan adawa sun yi imanin cewa hukuncin kisa shine mafi munin take hakkin dan adam, saboda hakkin rayuwa shine mafi muhimmanci, kuma hukuncin kisa ya keta shi ba tare da larura ba kuma yana haifar da azabtarwa ga wanda aka yanke wa hukunci. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama na adawa da hukuncin kisa, suna masu kiransa, "zalunci, rashin mutuntaka, da wulakancin hukunci." kuma Amnesty International ta yi la'akari da shi a matsayin "na karshe, wanda ba za a iya dawo da shi ba na 'Yancin Dan Adam".
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da, a cikin 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, da 2016 kudurori marasa ma'amala da ke kira da a dakatar da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a duniya, da nufin soke hukuncin kisa.
Kashe-kashen da jami'an tsaro ke yi
Ka'idodin Ka'idojin Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya don Tilasta Doka ya ƙirƙiri wani tsari wanda aka gane cewa dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya suna da nauyi a kan duk 'yan wasan jiha, kuma hakan ya ce dole ne 'yan wasan jiha su sani kuma su sami damar yin amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa don haƙƙin ɗan adam. Haƙƙin rayuwa a mafi yawancin haƙƙin da ba za a iya raba shi ba ne ga kowane ɗan adam a doron ƙasa, duk da haka, akwai wasu yanayi da ake buƙatar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jihohi su ɗauki tsattsauran mataki, wanda zai iya haifar da kashe fararen hula da jami'an tsaro.
Albarkatun dan'adam
Horowa
Fasaha tana ba ƙwararrun HR damar horar da sabbin membobin ma'aikata a cikin ingantacciyar hanya. Wannan yana ba ma'aikata damar samun damar shiga jirgi da shirye-shiryen horo daga kusan ko'ina. Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar masu horarwa don saduwa da sababbin hayar fuska da fuska lokacin kammala takaddun da suka dace don sababbin ma'aikata. Horarwa a cikin azuzuwan kama-da-wane yana ba ƙwararrun HR damar horar da ɗimbin ma'aikata cikin sauri da kuma tantance ci gabansu ta hanyar shirye-shiryen gwaji na kwamfuta. Wasu masu ɗaukan ma'aikata suna zaɓar haɗa malami tare da horo na kama-da-wane ta yadda sabbin ma'aikata ke karɓar horon da ake ganin suna da mahimmanci ga rawar. Ma'aikata suna da iko mafi girma akan koyo da ci gaban su; za su iya shiga cikin horo a lokaci da wurin da suka zaɓa, wanda zai iya taimaka musu wajen gudanar da daidaitattun ayyukansu da rayuwa. Manajoji suna iya bin diddigin horon ta hanyar intanet, wanda Kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen rage raguwar tsadar horo da horo.
Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi
Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi (ADHD) cuta ce ta tabin hankali na nau'in ci gaban neurodevelopment. Ana siffanta shi da wahalar kulawa, wuce gona da iri, da aiki ba tare da la'akari da sakamakon ba, wanda in ba haka ba bai dace da shekarun mutum ba. Wasu mutane tare da ADHD kuma suna nuna wahalar daidaita motsin rai ko matsaloli tare da aikin zartarwa. Don ganewar asali, bayyanar cututtuka ya kamata ya bayyana kafin mutum ya kai shekaru goma sha biyu, ya kasance fiye da watanni shida, kuma ya haifar da matsala a akalla wurare biyu (kamar makaranta, gida, ko ayyukan nishaɗi). A cikin yara, matsalolin kulawa na iya haifar da rashin aikin makaranta. Bugu da ƙari, akwai haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu cututtuka na tunani da rashin amfani da kayan aiki. Kodayake yana haifar da rashin ƙarfi, musamman a cikin al'ummar zamani, mutane da yawa tare da ADHD na iya ci gaba da kula da ayyukan da suka sami ban sha'awa ko lada (wanda aka sani da hyperfocus).
Haƙƙin rayuwa
Kashe-kashen da jami'an tsaro ke yi
Abubuwan da suka dace don kashe jami'an tsaro an tsara su ta hanyar ka'idodin Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya don tilasta doka. Duk wani mummunan mataki da jami’an tsaro za su dauka, dole ne a dau wasu ka’idoji da aka gindaya a sashin Amfani da karfi na littafin Aljihu kan ‘yancin dan Adam ga ‘yan sanda. Muhimmin ka'idar Littafin Aljihu da ke tattare da amfani da karfi na kisa shi ne cewa duk sauran hanyoyin rashin tashin hankali ya kamata a yi amfani da su da farko, sannan a bi da su daidai gwargwadon amfani da karfi. Yin amfani da karfi daidai gwargwado zai iya, kuma a wasu yanayi, zai iya komawa ga karfi mai kisa idan jami'in tsaro ya yi imanin da gaske cewa kawo karshen rayuwar farar hula daya zai haifar da kare rayuwarsu, ko kuma ta 'yan uwansa farar hula, kamar yadda yake. wanda aka zayyana a cikin ya Halatta don Amfani da Makami na Littafin Aljihu. Littafin Aljihu kuma ya fayyace a cikin 'Bayanin Haƙƙin Amfani da Ƙarfi da Bindigogi' cewa akwai tsauraran matakan da ake bi don tabbatar da gaskiya a tsakanin hukumomin tilasta bin doka na jiha dangane da haƙƙinsu na yin amfani da ƙarfi. Cibiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa sun zayyana lokacin da kuma inda jami'an tilasta bin doka za su iya samun isasshen ƙarfi a hannunsu. Ƙungiyar Shugabannin 'Yan Sanda ta Duniya tana da 'Manufofin Samfura' waɗanda ke haɗa bayanai daban-daban daga manyan majiyoyi. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tsare-tsaren ƙirar sun bayyana cewa jami'an tilasta bin doka za su yi amfani da ƙarfin da ya dace don samar da yanayi mai kyau zuwa ga ƙarshe, suna ba da takamaiman tunani ga lafiyar kansu da sauran farar hula. An bai wa jami'an tsaro ikon shiga cikin hanyoyin da sashen ya amince da su don kawo karshen wani lamari cikin aminci kuma an ba su ikon yin amfani da kayan aikin da aka bayar don warware batutuwan da suka faru a yanayin da ake buƙatar su kare kansu ko wasu daga lalacewa, zuwa kawo mutane masu juriya a ƙarƙashin kulawa, ko kuma a amince da abubuwan da suka faru ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Ba a ambaci abin da ya kamata a fassara "mahimmancin ma'ana" a matsayin ma'ana ba, amma an yi nuni ga hanyar da mutum mai hankali ya yi don tantance yadda ya kamata mutum ya fuskanci yanayi. Duk da haka, an ba da haske ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru irin su kisan Michael Brown da Darren Wilson ya yi a Ferguson, Missouri, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali na jama'a, cewa akwai rikicewa da muhawara game da amfani da bindigogi da kuma kashe wuta. Sashen 'Tsarin Amfani da Makamai' yana ba da tsarin da dole ne jami'an tilasta bin doka su ci gaba yayin amfani da bindigogi. Ya bayyana cewa dole ne su bayyana kansu a matsayin jami'in tilasta bin doka, bayar da gargadi mai kyau, kuma su ba da isasshen lokaci don mayar da martani (idan har lokacin ba zai iya haifar da cutar da wakili ko wasu fararen hula ba) kafin a iya yin amfani da karfi mai kisa. a yi amfani da shi a cikin iyakokin dokokin duniya.
Yossi Beinart
Yossi Beinart (1956 - 2017) shi ne Shugaba na Kamfanin Kasuwancin Tel Aviv, daga 2014 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2017.
Haƙƙin rayuwa
Kashe-kashen da jami'an tsaro ke yi
Yayin da Littafin Aljihu kan Hakkokin Dan-Adam na 'Yan Sanda ke bayyana yanayin ilimi wanda jami'an tilasta bin doka za su iya yin amfani da karfi mai kisa, yanayin zahirin da 'yan sanda suka yi kashe-kashen suna da dacewa. Rosenfeld ya bayyana cewa, "akwai ɗimbin wallafe-wallafen da ke ba da dalilin gaskata cewa yanayin zamantakewa ma yana da wani ɓangare na yadda za a iya yin kisan gilla." Rosenfeld ya bayyana cewa, "akwai bincike da yawa da aka gudanar wanda ya danganta yadda jami'an tilasta bin doka ke amfani da karfi mai kisa zuwa yawan laifukan tashin hankali a yankin, girman yawan mutanen da ba na asali ba da kuma matsayin zamantakewar al'umma da abin ya shafa." Daidaita kwatancin yadda kashe-kashen ‘yan sanda ke iya faruwa a fadin hukumar abu ne mai wahala idan aka yi la’akari da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin al’umma daga jiha zuwa jiha. Perry, Hall da Hall sun tattauna abubuwan da suka faru a duk faɗin Amurka na waɗanda suka zama masu tuhuma sosai kuma an rubuta su sosai a ƙarshen 2014, suna magana game da yin amfani da ƙarfi mai muni daga jami'an 'yan sanda farar fata a kan farar hula maza baƙi marasa makami. Babu wani hakki na doka wanda ya ba wa jami'an tsaro ikon yin amfani da karfi mai muni bisa la'akari da jinsin mutumin da suke mu'amala da su, akwai kawai hakki na doka don shiga cikin karfi na mutuwa idan akwai tsoro mai ma'ana ga rayuwar ku ko rayuwar wasu. Duk da haka, binciken Propublica na bayanan tarayya game da harbe-harben 'yan sanda tsakanin 2010 zuwa 2012, ya nuna cewa fararen hula maza bakar fata sun fi kashe 'yan sanda sau 21 fiye da matasan farar hula maza. Yin amfani da muggan ƙarfi daga jami'an tilasta bin doka a Amurka ya haifar da jin daɗin jama'ar Amurka cewa 'yan sanda ba su kare su ba. Tsarin shari'a ya fi gano cewa waɗannan jami'an sun yi aiki ne a cikin iyakokin doka saboda ayyukan mutanen da aka harbe an yanke hukunci cewa ya isa ya zama abin tambaya game da halin dan sandan ya ji tsoro ga rayukansu ko na wasu. Coppolo ya binciki dokar Connecticut kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa yin amfani da ƙarfi dole ne a biyo bayan rahoton da ke tantance ko ƙarfin kisa na jami'an tilasta bin doka ya yi daidai da zama dole a cikin yanayi. Coppolo ya kuma bayyana cewa dole ne a ba da amsa mai ma'ana mai mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar imani cewa gaskiyar da aka gabatar da ita na iya haifar da haƙiƙanin haɗarin mutuwa ko cutar da jiki.
Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi
Duk da kasancewar mafi yawan bincike da gano cutar tabin hankali a cikin yara da matasa, ba a san ainihin musabbabin hakan ba a mafi yawan lokuta. An kiyasta abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta sun hada da kusan kashi 75% na hadarin. Bayyanar nicotine yayin daukar ciki na iya zama haɗarin muhalli. Ga alama baya da alaƙa da salon tarbiyya ko tarbiyya. Yana rinjayar kusan 5-7% na yara lokacin da aka gano su ta hanyar ka'idodin DSM-IV da 1-2% lokacin da aka gano ta hanyar ka'idodin ICD-10. Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, an kiyasta zai shafi mutane miliyan 51.1 a duniya. Farashin yana kama da juna tsakanin ƙasashe kuma ya dogara galibi akan yadda ake gano shi. Ana bincikar ADHD kusan sau biyu sau da yawa a cikin yara maza fiye da na 'yan mata, kodayake galibi ana yin watsi da cutar a cikin 'yan mata saboda alamun su sun bambanta da na maza. Kimanin kashi 30-50% na mutanen da aka gano a lokacin ƙuruciya suna ci gaba da samun alamun bayyanar har zuwa girma kuma tsakanin 2-5% na manya suna da yanayin. A cikin manya rashin natsuwa na ciki maimakon hyperactivity na iya faruwa. Sau da yawa suna haɓaka ƙwarewar jurewa waɗanda ke haifar da wasu ko duk nakasarsu. Yanayin na iya zama da wahala a gano baya ga wasu yanayi, da kuma bambanta daga manyan matakan aiki waɗanda har yanzu suke cikin kewayon halaye na yau da kullun.
Kawu Peto Dukku
Kawu Peto Dukku sha hudu ga watan janairun shekara dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da takwas - biyu ga watan afrelu a shekara ta dubu biyu da goma (14 ga watan January a shekarar 1958 – 2 gawat April a shekara ta 2010) an zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Gombe ta Arewa a jihar Gombe, Nigeria, wanda ya karbi mulki a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu a shekara ta 2007. Ya kasance dan jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).
Shlomo Baum
Shlomo Baum (1928 - Janairu 17, 1999) mayaƙin kwamandojin sojan Isra'ila ne. Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Unit 101 na rundunar tsaron Isra'ila, inda ya kasance a matsayin mataimakin Ariel Sharon mataimakin kwamanda kenan.
Kawu Peto Dukku
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Dukku a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1958 kuma ya sami diploma na farko a fannin harkokin kasuwanci.
Shlomo Baum
Baum ya zauna a Abu Tor, unguwar Yahudawa da Larabawa gauraye a Urushalima.
Baum ya shahara da siyasarsa na hannun dama, da goyon bayan matsugunan Isra'ila a yankunan da Isra'ila ta kama a yakin kwanaki shida, da kuma adawa da sasanta yankunan.
Kawu Peto Dukku
Sana'a da siyasa
Bayan an zabe Dukku a matsayin dan majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, an nada Dukku matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan jihohi da kananan hukumomi. An kuma nada shi mamba a kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin jiragen sama da wasanni. A cikin tantancewar tsakiyar wa’adi na Sanatoci a watan Mayun shekara ta 2009, ThisDay ya lura cewa bai dauki nauyin wani kudiri ba, amma ya dauki nauyin kudiri bakwai, ya ba da gudummawar muhawara a zauren majalisa kuma yana aiki a cikin aikin kwamiti. Wata majiya ta bayyana shi a matsayin Sanata mai shiru wanda ba kasafai yayi magana a zauren majalisar dattawa ba.
Mutuwa
Dukku ya rasu a Kaduna bayan gajeriyar jinya a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 2010. Ya bar ‘ya’ya shida, mata uku da tsowa uwa guda daya.
Albarkatun dan'adam
Ilimi
Wasu jami'o'i suna ba da shirye-shiryen karatu don albarkatun ɗan adam da fannoni masu alaƙa. Makarantar Masana'antu da Harkokin Kwadago a Jami'ar Cornell ita ce makaranta ta farko a duniya don nazarin matakin koleji a cikin HR. A halin yanzu tana ba da ilimi a matakin digiri na farko, na digiri, da matakan ƙwararru, kuma tana gudanar da shirin digiri na haɗin gwiwa tare da kuma Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management.
Factory reset
Saitin na'ura ko factor reset a turance, wanda kuma aka sani da hard reset ko master reset, Wani tsarin gudanarwar software ne mai mayar da na'urar wacce take aiki da lantarki (Android, Windows etc) zuwa yanayin tsarinta na asali ta hanyar goge duk bayanan da aka adana akan na'urar waɗanda asalin na'urar bata da su. Ana amfani da madannai na na'urar a lokacin da ake buƙatar mayar da na'urar zuwa saitunan ta na asali. Yin hakan zai iya goge Dukkanin bayanai, saituna, da aikace-aikacen da suke a baya akan na'urar. Ana yin wannan sau da yawa don gyaran wasu matsalolin da na'ura ke fuskanta, amma kuma ana iya yin hakan don mayar da na'urar zuwa saitunan ta na asali. Irin waɗannan na'urorin waɗanda ke aiki da lantarki sun haɗa da wayoyin hannu.
Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi
Shawarwari na gudanarwa na ADHD sun bambanta ta ƙasa kuma yawanci sun haɗa da wasu haɗakar shawarwari, canje-canjen salon rayuwa, da magunguna. Jagoran Birtaniya kawai ya ba da shawarar magunguna a matsayin magani na farko a cikin yara masu fama da cututtuka masu tsanani da kuma magani da za a yi la'akari da su a cikin wadanda ke da matsakaicin bayyanar cututtuka waɗanda ko dai sun ƙi ko sun kasa inganta tare da shawarwari, ko da yake ga manya magungunan magani ne na farko. Jagororin Kanada da Amurka suna ba da shawarar layin farko na sarrafa ɗabi'a a cikin yaran da ba su kai makaranta ba yayin da ake ba da shawarar magunguna da jiyya tare bayan haka. Jiyya tare da abubuwan kara kuzari yana da tasiri na akalla watanni 14; duk da haka, ba a san tasirinsu na dogon lokaci ba kuma akwai yuwuwar illar illa.
Factory reset
Yanda yake
Tun da sake saitin na’urar ya ƙunshi goge duk bayanan da aka adana a cikin na'urar baya ga asalin na kan na'urar, ainihin ra'ayi ɗaya ne da sake tsarawa rumbun kwamfutarka. Aikace-aikacen da aka riga aka shigar da bayanai akan katin ajiya na katin (kamar katin microSD ) ba za a goge su ba. Da zarar an sake saitin to zai goge duk bayanan da aka adana a cikin naúrar.
Haƙƙin rayuwa
Kashe-kashen da jami'an tsaro ke yi
A cikin Graham v. Connor, wani mai ciwon sukari da ke fama da ciwon sukari wani jami'in da ya shaida al'amuran da suka sa ya yi zargin Graham, ya sa Graham ya sami raunuka da yawa, wanda ya ci gaba da kai karar 'yan sanda. amfani da karfi fiye da kima. Kotun kolin Amurka ba ta sami labarin ciwon sukari a cikin kanta da ke da yuwuwar yin barazana ga jami'in tilasta bin doka ba. Kotun Koli ta gano cewa dole ne a yi la'akari da jimillar al'amura a lokacin da lamarin ya faru a lokacin da ake yanke hukunci ga jami'in maimakon yin la'akari da abin da ya faru tare da yin la'akari da hankali, wanda a cikin yanayin Graham ya yanke shawarar cewa mai ciwon sukari ya haifar da halayyar halayyar. fuskar ta na iya zama barazana ga jami'an tilasta bin doka ko wasu farar hula. Wannan yana sa yana da wahala a iya gano abin da ya zama kyakkyawan bayanin ingantaccen yanayin da jami'in tilasta bin doka zai iya yin amfani da karfi na mutuwa. A cikin Tennessee v. Jami'in Garner Elton Hymon ya amsa kiran sata; Lokacin da ya shiga bayan gidan da ake magana a kai, Hymon ya shaida wani ya gudu ya umarci wanda ake zargin, wanda daga baya aka bayyana shi a matsayin wani yaro dan shekara 15 mai suna Edward Garner, da ya tsaya. Garner ya fara hawan shingen, kuma Hymon ya ci gaba da harbe shi da da bindiga a bayan kai. Kotun kolin ta ce bisa ga gyara na hudu, jami'in tilasta bin doka da ke bin wani ba zai iya amfani da karfi mai kisa don kammala aikin ba sai dai idan jami'in ya yi imanin cewa mutumin yana da babbar barazana ga jami'in ko wasu. A Amurka inda Kwaskwarima na Biyu ya bai wa farar hula 'yancin ɗaukar makamai, kowane mutum ɗaya zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwar ɗan sanda ko wasu farar hula, kamar yadda mai yiwuwa, kowane mutum ɗaya na iya ɓoye makami.
Factory reset
Saituna
Sake saituttukan na’ura na iya gyara yawancin matsalolin aiki na yau da kullun (watau kamar freezing) a turance, amma baya cire tsarin aiki na na'urar. Hakanan ana iya amfani da sake saitin na'urar don mayar da ita kamar sabuwa domin siyarwa, sabuntawa, lalata, gudummawa ko wasu canja wurin mallaka ta hanyar cire bayanan sirri da daidaitawa masu alaƙa da mai shi kamar na baya.
Albarkatun dan'adam
Ilimi
Yawancin kwalejoji da jami'o'i suna gidaje sassa da cibiyoyi masu alaƙa da filin, ko dai a cikin makarantar kasuwanci ko a wata kwaleji. Yawancin makarantun kasuwanci suna ba da darussa a cikin HR, galibi a cikin sassan gudanarwarsu. Gabaɗaya, makarantun sarrafa albarkatun ɗan adam suna ba da ilimi da bincike a fagen HRM daga difloma zuwa damar matakin digiri. Kwasa-kwasan matakin masters sun haɗa da MBA (HR), MM (HR), MHRM, MIR, da sauransu. (Duba Jagoran Kimiyya a Ci gaban Albarkatun Dan Adam don manhaja. ) Jami'o'i daban-daban na duniya sun dauki nauyin horar da masu kula da ma'aikata tare da samar musu da dabarun mu'amala da juna ta yadda za su kyautata alaka a wuraren aikinsu. Kamar yadda fannin sarrafa albarkatun ɗan adam ke ci gaba da haɓakawa saboda ci gaban fasaha na juyin juya halin masana'antu na huɗu, yana da mahimmanci sosai ga jami'o'i da kwalejoji su ba da kwasa-kwasan da suka dace da gaba.
Haƙƙin rayuwa
Kashe-kashen da jami'an tsaro ke yi
A New Zealand, Rahoton Da'ar 'Yan Sanda na Shekara-shekara ya gano cewa sama da shekaru goma 'yan sanda sun harbe tare da kashe mutane bakwai, daya daga cikinsu ba shi da wani laifi kuma duk shari'o'in da aka gano 'yan sanda suna aiki da hakkinsu na doka. New Zealand tana da tsayayyen tsari wanda duk wani ɗan ƙasa da ke son yin amfani da makami bisa doka dole ne ya bi ta; wannan yana haifar da yanayi ta hanyar da daidaitaccen farar hula ba zai haifar da barazana ga rayuwar jami'an tilasta bin doka ko kuma ta wasu ba.
Matsayin da dokokin kasa da kasa ke tsammanin jihohi su yi aiki iri daya ne a duk fadin hukumar, dole ne jami'an tsaro su yi amfani da karfi mai mutuƙar mutuwa lokacin da ainihin barazanar cutarwa ga jami'an tilasta bin doka ko wasu farar hula. Gaskiyar ita ce, kowace jiha ta bambanta a cikin abin da ya zama yanayin da ya dace ga jami'an tilasta bin doka don mayar da martani da karfi mai kisa saboda jihohi a duk faɗin duniya suna da nasu yanayi na musamman, doka, al'adu da yawan jama'a.
Euthanasia/Kisan kai/rataya
Waɗanda suka yi imani da cewa mutum ya kamata ya yanke shawarar kashe kansa ta hanyar rataya suna amfani da hujjar cewa mutane suna da hakkin zaɓar, yayin da masu adawa da halatta rataya suna jayayya a kan dalilin cewa dukan mutane suna da hakkin yin zabi. hakkin rayuwa. Ana kiransu da yawa a matsayin masu haƙƙin ɓata rai.
The Ghanaian Chronicle
The Ghanaian Chronicle jarida ce ta Turanci da ake bugawa kullum daga Accra, Ghana. Tana da kwafin kwafi 45,000, wanda ya sa ta zama babbar jarida mai zaman kanta a Ghana.
Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi
Littattafan likitanci sun bayyana alamun alamun kama da na ADHD tun ƙarni na 18. An yi la'akari da ADHD, ganewar asali, da kuma maganin sa masu rikitarwa tun daga 1970s. Rigingimun sun shafi likitoci, malamai, masu tsara manufofi, iyaye, da kuma kafafen yada labarai. Batutuwa sun haɗa da abubuwan da ke haifar da ADHD da kuma amfani da magungunan ƙara kuzari a cikin jiyya. Yawancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun yarda da ADHD a matsayin rashin lafiya na gaske a cikin yara da manya, kuma muhawara a cikin al'ummomin kimiyya sun fi mayar da hankali kan yadda ake gano shi da kuma bi da shi. An san yanayin a hukumance da rashin hankali (ADD) daga 1980 zuwa 1987, yayin da kafin wannan an san shi da halayen hyperkinetic na yara.
Factory reset
Misalai
Ana iya samun sake saitin na'urar ta hanyoyi daban-daban dangane da na'urar lantarki. Ga wasu na'urori, ana iya yin wannan ta shiga (device's Service Menu. Other devices) Wasu na'urori na iya buƙatar cikakken sake shigar da software. Sashe na gaba yana lissafin wasu na'urorin lantarki gama gari da yadda za'a iya sake saita su zuwa saitunan masana'anta.
Tsarin
Sake saitin na'urar na kwamfuta zai mayar da kwamfutar zuwa tsarin aikin kwamfutar na asali da kuma goge duk bayanan mai amfani da ke cikin kwamfutar. Windows 8 na Microsoft da Windows 10, da MacOS na kamfanin Apple, suna da zaɓuɓɓuka don wannan.
Albarkatun dan'adam
Ƙungiyoyin sana'a
Akwai ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da yawa, waɗanda wasu ke ba da horo da takaddun shaida. The Society for Human Resource Management, wanda ke tushen a Amurka, ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun HR, tare da mambobi sama da kimanin 285,000 a cikin ƙasashe 165. Yana ba da rukunin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Ma'aikata (PHR) takaddun shaida ta Cibiyar Takaddun Shaida ta HR. Cibiyar ma'aikata da Ci gaba, ta hanyar Ingila, ita ce mafi kyawun ƙwararru HR.
Dansa pausa
" Dansa pausa " ƙaramar ƙungiyar ce ta Panetoz ta Sweden mai yawan kabilu. An sake tane akan Warner Music Sweden a cikin shekara,a watan Fabrairu 2012, ta kai saman Sverigetopplistan, Jadawalin Singles na Yaren mutanen Sweden a makon 19/2012 mai kwanan wata 11 ga Mayu 2012.
"Dansa pausa" ta biyo bayan wakoki guda uku na Panetoz da ba su kai ga jadawali ba, wato "Mama Africa", "Känn dig fri" da "Mer än ord".
Albarkatun dan'adam
Ƙungiyoyin sana'a
Ƙungiyoyi da yawa kuma suna yin hidima a cikin HR. Cibiyar Masu Ma'aikata (IOR) ƙungiya ce ta ƙwararrun daukar ma'aikata, tana ba wa membobin ilimi, tallafi da horo. WorldatWork yana mai da hankali kan "jimlar lada" (watau diyya, fa'idodi, rayuwar aiki, aiki, ƙwarewa, da haɓaka aiki), yana ba da takaddun shaida da shirye-shiryen horarwa da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da biyan kuɗi da daidaiton aiki-rayuwa. Sannan kuma Sauran ƙungiyoyin niche sun haɗa da {ungiyar {asashen Amirka don Koyarwa &amp; Ci gaba da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙasashen Duniya.
Babban ƙungiyar ilimi wacce ta dace da HR ita ce Cibiyar Gudanarwa wacce ke da sashin HR. Wannan rarrabuwa ta shafi nemo hanyoyin inganta tasirin HR. Cibiyar ta buga mujallu da yawa da aka keɓe a wani ɓangare don bincike akan HR, ciki har da Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanarwa da Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanarwa,  kuma tana gudanar da taro a shekara-shekara.
Labarai
Littattafan ilimi da masu aiki waɗanda ke hulɗa da HR na musamman:
Factory reset
Tsarin
A kan na'urorin Android, akwai zaɓin sake saitin bayanan masana'anta a cikin Settings wanda zai bayyana zai goge duk bayanan na'urar tare da sake saita duk saitunan ta. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar ne a lokacin da na'urar ke da matsala ta fasaha da ba za a iya gyara ta ta amfani da wasu hanyoyi ba, ko kuma lokacin da mai shi ke son cire duk bayanansu na sirri kafin sayarwa, bayarwa, dawowa ko zubar da na'urar. Bayan yin nazari, Avast! an ba da rahoton cewa ana iya dawo da bayanan ta amfani da software na forensics wanda ke da yawa kuma yana samuwa a bainar jama'a. A kan wayoyin hannu na Samsung, aikin sake saitin masana'anta baya shafar Tutar Knox. Don haka, baya sake saita na'urar zuwa saitunan masana'anta na asali kuma ba hanya ce ta mayar da na'urar zuwa jihar da ta dace da garantin masana'anta. Bayanai akan katin SIM da katin microSD ba a goge su ba.
Albarkatun dan'adam
Labarai
Labarai masu alaƙa:
Factory reset
Tsarin
Ana iya mayar da wasu na'urori da yawa zuwa saitunan masana'anta, kamar talabijin, raka'a GPS ko kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu.
Service menu
Yawancin na'urorin lantarki suna da (menu) tare da kayan aiki da saitunan da ake kira (service menu), wanda yawanci ya haɗa da kayan aiki wanda ke yin sake saitin masana'anta. Wannan kayan aiki ya fi yawa a cikin na'urori masu nuni, kamar su na'urorin talabijin da na'urorin kwamfuta. Ana samun dama ga waɗannan menus ta hanyar latsa maɓallin maɓalli.
Adana bayanai
Game cartridges, musamman waɗanda aka kera don hannun Nintendo masu kula da adana bayanai, na iya haɗawa da zaɓin sake saiti na masana'anta wanda zai iya share duk waɗannan bayanan nan take daga harsashi, farawa ko dai ta zaɓi takamaiman saiti a cikin (menu) na zaɓi ko ta shigar da haɗin maɓalli na musamman yayin farawa.
Shmil Ben Ari
Shmil Ben Ari ( שמיל בן ארי  ; haife Fabrairu 7, 1952) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Isra'ila.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifeshi ne a Urushalima, ga dangin Yahudawa Sephardic tare da iyayen da suka yi hijira daga Maroko da Tunisiya. Ya yi karatu a Beit Zvi.
A matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, Ben Ari ya kasance tauraro na jerin lambobin yabo na TV Meorav Yerushalmi (Jerusalem Mix), mashahuran shirye-shiryen irin su Hostages, Zinzana, Merhav Yarkon, Our Boys da Rechov Sumsum da fina-finai irin su An Electric Blanket mai suna Moshe (don wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Fina-Finan Isra'ila ), Buzz, Rayuwa A cewar Agfa , Lovesick akan Titin Nana , Bala'i na Nina da Abokan Yana . A matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na murya, Ben Ari ya yi muryar Ibrananci na Shifu a cikin Kung Fu Panda ikon amfani da sunan kamfani da Don Lino a cikin Shark Tale.
Haƙƙin maye gurbi
" Haƙƙin maye gurbi (RTR) " dokoki ne da ake da su a wasu jihohin Indiya waɗanda ke ba wa 'yan ƙasa damar cire ko maye gurbin ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke rike da mukaman Sarpanch, Mukhiya, Kamfanin kamfani da Magajin Gari a cikin gwamnati.
Tarihi
A Indiya ta zamani, Sachindra Nath Sanyal ne ya fara neman 'yancin maye gurbin ma'aikatan gwamnati. Sachindra Nath Sanyal wasu ne suka rubuta bayanin kungiyar Hindustan Republican Association a cikin Disamba Shekarata 1924. A cikin littafinsa an rubuta cewa, "A wannan jamhuriya masu zabe za su sami 'yancin kiran wakilansu, idan ana so, in ba haka ba dimokuradiyya za ta zama abin izgili."
Muhawarar Tunawa da zababbun wakilai na da dadadden tarihi a dimokuradiyyar Indiya; har an tattauna lamarin a Majalisar Zartarwa. Sannan Kuma Muhawarar ta ta'allaka ne kan imanin cewa 'yancin yin kira dole ne ya kasance tare da 'yancin zaɓe kuma masu jefa ƙuri'a dole ne a samar musu da maganin 'idan abubuwa sun lalace'. Sai dai Dr. BR Ambedkar bai amince da wannan gyara ba.
Yayin da wasu mambobin suka yi imanin cewa Recall zai taimaka wajen ilimin siyasa na mutane kuma zai karfafa masu jefa kuri'a suyi tunani, Kuma wasu sun yi jayayya cewa ba zai dace ba a samar da tanadin Tunawa a farkon dimokuradiyyar Indiya. An ji cewa Recall zai mayar da mazabar fagen fama tsakanin ’yan takara kuma ba dole ba ne ya sanya su zama masu adawa da hamayyar siyasa.
“Idan akwai wasu bata gari ko wasu bakaken tunkiya da suka rasa amincewar mazabarsu har yanzu suna son ci gaba da wakiltar mazabar a majalisar, saboda wasu munanan lokuta bai kamata mu lalata mazabarmu ba. Sannan Kuma Ya kamata mu bar shi kamar yadda yake, ga kyakkyawar ma'anar membobin da abin ya shafa "Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel a ranar 18 ga Yuli yayin da yake tattaunawa game da gyare-gyaren da aka ba da shawara kan ikon tunawa a cikin muhawarar majalisar wakilai.
A lokaci guda, duk da haka, wasu membobin sun ji tsoron cewa ƙungiyoyin ƙauye ko na gundumomi na iya zama masu mulkin kama-karya ba tare da Ƙaddamar Amincewa ko Tunawa ba.
Dokar Tunawa ta farko ta zo ne a matsayin tanadin rashin amincewa kan Sarpanch da membobin Gram Sabha suka yi a Uttar Pradesh a cikin shekarata 1947.
Jihohin da ke da dokokin Tunawa a matakin Panchayat
An aiwatar da Tunawa a matakin Panchayat a cikin jihohin Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Maharashtra da Himachal Pradesh <ref name="HP_Law".
Dama Don Tunawa Sarpanch shima kwanan nan ya wuce don Haryana.
Ayyukan Sa-kai na Wuta
Sabis na Wuta na daji, ƙungiya ce ta masu sa kai a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda ke taimaka wa hukumomin kashe gobara na gida don murƙushe gobarar daji. Haɗa kai da Tebur National Park, VWS ita ce kawai nau'in sa a Afirka ta Kudu.
Haƙƙin maye gurbi
Jihohin da ke da dokokin Tunawa a matakin Panchayat
Hanyar Tunawa akan Sarpanch hanya ce ta mataki 2 wacce 'yan ƙasa za su iya farawa kai tsaye. Bayan lokacin kulle-kulle na shekaru 1-2 daban-daban daga jaha zuwa jaha, wasu adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a na Gram Sabha suna buƙatar gabatar da sa hannunsu / yatsan yatsan hannu da ƙara ofishin tattarawa. Bayan tabbatar da sa hannun, Kuma an shirya taron duk membobin Gram Sabha kuma idan yawancin Gram Sabha suka kada kuri'ar adawa da Sarpanch mai zaman, an cire Sarpanch.
Ayyukan Sa-kai na Wuta
VWS tana da manyan ayyuka guda uku:
Haƙƙin maye gurbi
Rashin Tasirin Haƙƙin Tunawa da dokoki a matakin Panchayat
Tun a shekarar 1947 aka fara yin tunawa a Uttar Pradesh kuma a Madhya Pradesh sama da shekaru goma yanzu amma ba a yi motsa jiki sosai a matakin Gram Panchayats ba, saboda rashin sanin yakamata.
Duk da cewa mazauna kauyukan da ke cikin wadannan jihohin suna da ikon cire Sarpanch dinsu kai tsaye, Kuma cin hanci da rashawa da Sarpanch na wadannan jihohin ya yi yawa kuma ya yadu.
Jihohin da suke da dokokin Tunawa a matakin Municipal
An aiwatar da Tunawa a matakin Municipal a cikin jihohin Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand da Rajasthan.
Ayyukan Sa-kai na Wuta
Ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda ke ba da damar sashin yin aiki da kansa da sarrafa nasu kuɗi da albarkatun su. VWS ta samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni don tsira da kuɗi.
Haƙƙin maye gurbi
Haƙƙin Tunawa da kudirin da aka gabatar na MP da MLA
Kundin Tsarin Mulki (gyara) Kudiri game da haƙƙin masu jefa ƙuri'a na tunawa da zaɓaɓɓun wakilai an gabatar da shi a Lok Sabha ta CK Chandrappan a cikin shekarata 1974 kuma Atal Bihari Vajpayee ya goyi bayan wannan amma kudurin bai zartar ba.
Ayyukan Sa-kai na Wuta
Masu kashe gobara suna yin jira na sa'o'i 24 a rana, na kwanaki 365 na shekara. Kamar kowace ƙungiyar sa kai, membobin suna iya taimakawa tare da kashe gobarar daji a matakai daban-daban. Yayin da wasu suna samuwa ne kawai a ƙarshen mako ko bayan sa'o'i, wasu na iya taimakawa a kowane lokaci na rana ko dare.
Akwai sassa daban-daban a cikin Rukunin, ciki har da Ma'aikatan kashe gobara, Tallafin Dabarun (Drivers, Caterers, Medical Teams, Technical Support teams), Planners, Admin, da sauran mahimman ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyar tana tafiya cikin sauƙi a cikin shekara.
Hukumar ta VWS ta bayar da ayyukan kashe gobara na tsawon sa’o’i ga TMNP da sauran masu mallakar filaye ba tare da wani caji ba, kuma za ta ci gaba da yin hakan a matsayin wata alama ta jajircewarsu na taimakawa al’ummar Cape Town da ceton rayuka da dukiyoyin jama’a, da kuma kiyaye muhalli. na Fynbos.
An buɗe sabon reshe na VWS a Jonkershoek, Stellenbosch a cikin shekarar 2009. Tana ba da sabis na kashe gobara na sa kai ga CapeNature a cikin Jonkershoek, Kogelberg, Hottentots Holland da Limietberg wuraren ajiyar yanayi, yanki mai girman ha 290 000 na montane fynbos. Tun a shekarar 2009 an ƙara ƙarin tashoshi biyu zuwa ƙungiyar, Kudancin (2012) da Grabouw (2015). A halin yanzu akwai masu aikin sa kai kusan 220 a cikin wannan ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da aka tsara sosai.
Haƙƙin maye gurbi
Haƙƙin Tunawa da kudirin da aka gabatar na MP da MLA
Hukumar zabe ta Indiya ta yi adawa da wannan Hakki kuma an yi muhawara tare da ba da haske a cikin siyasar Indiya.
Kudirin memba mai zaman kansa, Dokar wakilcin Jama'a (gyara), shekarata 2016 Varun Gandhi ya gabatar da shi a Lok Sabha.
Kogin Bonny (River)
Kogin Bonny (River) kogi ne a Jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Tasisin ruwa da ke tafiya tare da kogin suna samar da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin tsibirin Bonny da Fatakwal, babban birnin jihar Rivers, wanda ke gefen kogin.
Amjad Ali Aazmi
Amjad Ali Aazmi (Urdu) (Nuwamba 1882 - 6 Satumban shekarar 1948), wanda mabiya suka fi sani da Sadr al-Shariah (Urdu,  Shugaban Dokar Musulunci) Badr-e-Tariqat (Shining Moon of the Spiritual Mythology ko Tariqah) ya kasance lauyan Musulunci, marubuci kuma tsohon Babban Mufti na Indiya. An haifi Amjad Ali a shekara ta 1882 (1300 Hijri), a cikin Mohalla Karimuddin Pur, Ghosi, gundumar Mau, Uttar Pradesh, Indiya. Sunan mahaifinsa shine Hakim Jamaluddin Ansari. Mahaifinsa da kakansa malamai ne a fannin tauhidin addini da kuma maganin Unani.
Ya'akov Cahan
Ya'akov Cahan ko Kahan ( יעקב כהן , an haife shi 26 ga Yuni 1881; ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1960) mawaƙin Isra'ila ne, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mai fassara, marubuci kuma masanin harshen Ibrananci.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ya'akov Cahan a Slutsk, a cikin daular Rasha, yanzu Belarus. Ya yi hijira zuwa Birtaniya na Palestine a cikin shekarar 1934.