cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sinima a Botswana
Tarihin farko
Fim ɗin mai suna Bechuanaland Protectorate an yi shi ne a lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu kuma yana da nasaba da sojojin APC da suka dawo gida daga Arewacin Afirka bayan sun yi nasarar dawowa Botswana. Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi sarkin kabilar Bathoen II.
Bill Lewis mai shirya fina-finai na Cape Town ya zo yankin Botswana a 1947 don yin fim na ziyarar sarauta a gona inda sojojin APC suka kasance. Ba'amurke Tom Larson kuma ya zo a ƙarshen Shekarun 1940; ya yi fim na wasu shirye -shirye guda biyu, daya mai taken "Masu Rainmakers na Okavango " wanda aka saki a 1948.
1950 zuwa 1960
1953 ya ga samar da " Remmants of a Mace Race ", wanda mazaunin Molepolole Louis Knobel ya samar, wani Bature ne wanda ke aiki da Sabis ɗin Bayanai na Afirka ta Kudu. Wannan fim ɗin yayi cikakken bayanin rayuwar mutanen San dake zaune a hamadar Kalahari, wanda ya haɗa da ɓangaren Botswana. An samar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan kamfanin "Kalahari Films" kuma ya ɗauki tsawon mintuna 17.
" Mafarauta ", fim ɗin 1957 na Amurka John Marshall shima ya shafi mutanen da ke zaune a Kalahari, kamar yadda shirin BBC, " The Lost World of the Kalahari ", ya nuna Laurens van der Post.
Nunin Amurka " Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom " shima ya zo yin fim a kusa da Botswana sau da yawa a cikin shekarun 1960.
Botswana ta sami ƴencin kanta a 1966, kawo sauye -sauyen siyasa, zamantakewa da al'adu a yankin, gami da yadda aka shirya fina -finai da bunƙasa a sabuwar ƙasar Afirka ta lokacin.
Ain't Nobody
Ain't Nobody waka ce ta kungiyar funk ta Amurka Rufus da babban mawaƙin Amurka Chaka Khan. An sake waƙar ce a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin studio guda huɗu waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin kundin rayuwarsu Stompin 'a Savoy a shekarar ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da uku (1983). "Ba kowa bane" cikin sauri ya tattara shahara, kuma ya kai lamba ta ɗaya akan <i id="mwGA">ginshiƙin Billboard</i> R & amp;B na Amurka da lamba guda ashirin da biyu 22 akan Billboard Hot 100 na Amurka. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin sa hannun Khan.
Sinima a Botswana
Tarihin kwanan nan
Wasan barkwanci na 1981, " Dole ne Alloli Su Yi Hauka " a Botswana kuma ya zama babban abin bugawa na duniya; ya shafi wani jami'i guda uku da jerin abubuwan da ba na hukuma ba: 1988's " The Gods Must Be Crazy II " shi ma ya shahara, duka fina -finan da suka sa ɗan wasan Namibia Nǃxau ǂToma ya zama sanannen tauraron fim, yayin da " Crazy Safari " na 1991 shine farkon jerin abubuwan da ba na hukuma ba. wani kamfanin fina -finai na Hong Kong mai suna Orange Sky Golden Harvest, wanda kuma ya fito da Nǃxau ǂToma. Sauran biyun, "Mahaukaci a Hong Kong" (1993) da "Dole ne Alloli Su Kasance Masu Ban dariya A China" (1995) ba a yin fim a ƙasar Botswana.
Ain't Nobody
Rufus keyboardist David "Hawk" Wolinski tayi rubuta waƙa a kusa da wani maimaita synthesizer madauki goyon baya da wani Linn LM-1 drum kwamfuta; duk da haka, John "JR" Robinson, mawaƙin makaɗa, ya buga ganguna na gaske don zaman rikodi. Ƙungiyar ta yi ƙuri'ar demokraɗiyya kuma sun yanke shawarar haɗa waƙar a cikin kundin kundin su. Da zarar an yi rikodin waƙar, masu zartarwar Warner sun so fitar da wata waƙa a matsayin farkon waƙar. Wolinski ya yi barazanar ba wa mawaƙin Amurka Michael Jackson da mai shirya fina- finan Amurka Quincy Jones don faifan Jackson Thriller idan waƙar ba ta zama jagora ɗaya ba. Alamar ta yi nadama kuma "Ba kowa ba ne" kuma an buga lamba ta ɗaya a kan taswirar R&B don satin da zai ƙare a ranar 15 ga watan Oktobar shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da uku(1983).
Sinima a Botswana
Tarihin kwanan nan
An yi fim ɗin Disney na 2000 " Whispers: An Elephant's Tale " a Botswana, tare da tauraruwar tauraruwar Hollywood Angela Bassett. Daga baya, a lokacin 2009, an yi rikodin sassan fim ɗin Indiya na yaren Tamil na Saravanan, "Ayan " a Botswana.
Ain't Nobody
Hakanan an haɗa waƙar a kan faifan sauti zuwa fim ɗin Breakin ' na shekarar alif ta 1984. Magoya bayan wasu kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kasar sun karbe wakar a Burtaniya , tare da kalmomin: Babu wanda yake kauna (dan wasa), yana faranta min rai, yana sanya ni jin haka..
Sinima a Botswana
Kamfanonin sinima
Botswana tana da kamfanonin fina -finai da fina -finai da yawa, ciki har da New Capitol Cinemas da Gaborone Cine Center.
Ain't Nobody
Weekly charts
Original version
Remix
Jaki Graham version
A cikin shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da hudu (1994,) mawaƙiyar Burtaniya Jaki Graham ta fito da murfiyar ta " A wannan lokaci ba kowa bane ya san ta ". An sake waƙar a zama na farko kuma jagora ce, ɗaya daga kundi na huɗu da na ƙarshe, Real Life. Siffar Graham ta kai lamba ɗaya a kan Chart ɗin Rawar Billboard na Amurka na makwanni biyar gami da kasancewa cikin manyan bidiyon da aka fi so na BET (Charts Black Entertainment Charts). Mawakiyar ta kuma kai lamba guda arbain da hududu 44 a Burtaniya, lamba guda sha daya 11 a Iceland da lamba guda sha bakwai 17 a Ostiraliya.
Tarba mai mahimmanci
Larry Flick daga Billboard ya kira waƙar sa "ta fasa", kuma ya bayyana cewa Graham "ta dawo tare da babban karatun Rufus pop / soulnugget . Track shine sabo a cikin farmakin nau'ikan nau'ikan waƙoƙin waƙoƙin ta divas daban -daban. Wannan, duk da haka, shine ainihin ma'amala, godiya ga babban fara'a na Graham da tarin abubuwan cakuda waɗanda suka fito daga peppy NRG zuwa gidan tsoka. Kulob ɗin wuta mai ƙarfi ya buge, kada ku yi mamaki idan rediyo crossover ya yi kira. ” Jaridar Ingilishi Karatun Yammacin Post yayi sharhi, "Wannan shine ɗayan murfin da baya inganta ainihin. Amma waƙar Chaka Khan sanannen ruhi ne kuma Jaki Graham ta bayyana kyakkyawar harba, koda muryarta ba ta da ƙarfi sosai don ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Mai wuya kada a yi waka tare. ”
Bidiyon kiɗa
Bidiyon kiɗan na "Ba kowa ba ne" darektan fina -finan Amurka kuma furodusa Antoine Fuqua ne ya jagoranci.
Charts
A cikin shekarar alif ɗari tara da casa'in da biyar 1995, mawaƙin Jamaica Diana King ya yi rikodin murfin guda ɗaya na " Ain't Nobody ", wanda aka saki a matsayin na uku daga cikin kundi na farko, Tougher Than Love. Ya kai lamba guda chasain da biyar 95 a kan Billboard Hot 100, lamba guda hudu 4 a kan ginshiƙi Playboard na Billboard Hot Dance Club da lamba guda sha uku 13 akan Chart Singles UK.
Year-end charts
Rapper LL Cool J ya yi rikodin waƙar don waƙar sauti zuwa fim ɗin shekarar alif ta 1996 Beavis da Butt-Head Do America. An sake shi azaman sautin waƙa na biyu, waƙar ta hau kan lamba guda arbain da hudu 46 akan Billboard Hot guda dari 100, lamba huɗu akan Hot Rap Singles Chart da lamba guda ashirin da bakwai 27 akan taswirar Waƙoƙin Billboard Hot R &amp; B/Hip-Hop. A wajen Amurka, waƙar ta shahara a cikin Burtaniya, inda waƙar kuma ta kasance abin faɗa ga Gwen Dickey da KWS (sun kai lamba guda ahirin da bakwai 21) da The Course (lamba ta takwas).
Bidiyon kiɗan wannan sigar, wanda Michael Martin ya jagoranta, wanda Jonathan Heuer ya shirya, da kuma fim ɗin Martin Coppen, an ɗan yi fim ɗinsa a Dutsen Hood na Oregon. Hakanan yana nuna ƙungiya mai cike da baƙi da suka haɗa da Maia Campbell, Brian McKnight, Alfonso Ribeiro, Cedric the Entertainer, John Salley, da John Witherspoon.
Charts
In 2003, English-Irish pop group Liberty X released a version of the song titled "Being Nobody", produced by Richard X, as the lead single from Richard X's debut studio album Richard X Presents His X-Factor Vol. 1 (2003), as well as the lead single from Liberty X's second studio album Being Somebody (2003). The song is a pseudo-mashup, taking the lyrics of "Ain't Nobody" and placing them over an instrumental interpolation of The Human League's "Being Boiled". Additional elements from both songs were also used such as the recurring synth line from "Ain't Nobody" and the line "OK, ready? Let's do it." in the intro of the main mix are from the intro of "Being Boiled".
Liberty X first performed "Being Nobody" on Ant &amp; Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway on February 8, 2003. They also performed it twice on Top of the Pops, with other performances on The National Lottery Wright Ticket and CD:UK.
Critical reception
The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics. It was deemed "instantly memorable" by RTÉ.ie reviewer Linda McGee, whilst Louis Pattison of NME believed it was "Truly, a record to get over-excited about." Alexis Kirke of musicOMH said: "The marriage of the credible dance-bootleg production of Richard X with high profile pop-act Liberty X is not only a perfect career-expanding synergy for both, but also a powerful musical synergy in which the seventies meets the eighties during the noughties." Writing for ukmix.org, Martin P gave the song five stars out of five and called it "It's pure pop perfection with a twist of R&B – one of the best Liberty X singles!"
Sauyin Yanayi na Ghana
Yanayin Ghana na wurare masu zafi. Bakin gabas yana da dumi kuma an san shi a bushe, kusurwar kudu maso yamma na Ghana yana da zafi da danshi, kuma arewacin Ghana yana da zafi kuma a bushe. Ghana tana kan Tekun Guinea, 'yan digiri kaɗan daga arewacin Equator yana ba ta yanayi mai dumi.
Ain't Nobody
Scooter version
"Yana da wani Biz (Shin ba Babu wanda)" ne guda ta Jamus wuya dance band babur. An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Maris, 2012, a matsayin na biyar guda ɗaya daga kundin ɗakin studio ɗin su na goma sha biyar The Big Mash Up.
Sauyin Yanayi na Ghana
Ilimin yanayi
Yanayin ƙasar Ghana na wurare masu zafi kuma akwai manyan yanayi biyu: damina da lokacin rani. Arewacin Ghana na fuskantar dumin ta daga watan Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar watan Oktoba yayin da Ghana ta Kudu ke fuskantar dumin ta daga Maris zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba. Yanayi mai zafi na Ghana yana da ɗan sauƙi saboda latitude. Wata mummunar iska, busasshiyar, tana kadawa a arewa maso gabashin Ghana daga watan Disamba zuwa Maris, yana rage danshi kuma yana haifar da kwanaki masu zafi da dare a arewacin Ghana.
Matsakaicin yanayin yau da kullun yana zuwa daga 30°C (86°F) a rana zuwa 24°C (75°F) da daddare tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano tsakanin kashi 77 da kashi 85. A yankin kudancin Ghana, akwai lokutan yanayi daban-daban: Afrilu zuwa Yuni da Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Matsaloli suna faruwa a yankin arewacin Ghana a tsakanin watannin Maris da Afrilu, sai kuma a biyo bayan ruwa a wasu lokuta har zuwa watan Agusta da Satumba, lokacin da ruwan sama ya kai kololuwa. Ruwan sama yana zuwa daga santimita 78 zuwa 216 (inci 31 zuwa 85) a shekara.
Ain't Nobody
Jerin jerin waƙoƙi
CD guda (waƙa 2) Saukewa
Sauyin Yanayi na Ghana
Ilimin yanayi
Tushe:weatherbase.com
Ain't Nobody
Siffar Felix Jaehn
A cikin shekara ta 2015, mai shirya kiɗan Jamusawa da DJ Felix Jaehn sun fitar da remix mai taken " Ba kowa (Yana Ƙaunar Ni Mafi Kyawu) " wanda ke nuna waƙoƙin mawaƙan Burtaniya Jasmine Thompson. Shine jagora guda ɗaya don babban sunan sa na farko na shekara ta 2016 EP Felix Jaehn. Remix ya dogara ne akan sakin solo na waƙar ta Thompson a cikin shekara ta 2013, lokacin da Thompson ya kasance 13, wanda ya hau kan lamba guda 32 akan Chart Singles UK. Koyaya, Felix Jaehn remix ya zama babban nasarar taswirar ƙasa da ƙasa, yana kan lamba ɗaya ko biyu a cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa (gami da lamba ta biyu a Burtaniya) da kuma manyan guda 10 a sauran ƙasashen Turai da Ostiraliya.
Sauyin Yanayi na Ghana
Canjin yanayi a Ghana
Canjin yanayi a Ghana zai yi tasiri sosai ga ƙasar. Saboda kasar tana zaune a mahadar yankuna uku na ruwa, ana sa ran yanayin kasar ta Ghana ya canza matuka. Dangane da lura da sauyin yanayi na shekaru 20, ana hasashen cewa masara da sauran kayan amfanin gona zasu rage da kashi 7% nan da 2050. Bayanan da ke akwai kuma sun nuna hauhawar mizanin tekun na 2.1 mm a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, wanda ke nuna hauhawar 5.8 cm, 16.5 cm da 34.5 cm kafin 2020, 2050 da 2080.
Ain't Nobody
Jerin waƙa
Weekly charts
Sauyin Yanayi na Ghana
Canjin yanayi a Ghana
Canje-canje a cikin ruwan sama, da sauran yanayi mai tsananin gaske da hauhawar ruwa a tekun gishirin ruwan bakin ruwa, ana sa ran zai shafi ingancin abinci, a bangaren noma da kamun kifi. Tattalin arzikin kasa yana fuskantar wahala daga tasirin canjin yanayi saboda ya dogara da fannoni masu saurin sauyin yanayi kamar noma, makamashi, gandun daji, da sauransu. Haka kuma, ana sa ran samun ruwa mai tsafta zai haifar da kalubale ga duka tsabtace ruwa, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki wanda ke samar da kashi 54% na karfin wutar lantarkin kasar. Bugu da kari, da alama Ghana za ta ga wasu cututtuka, kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da kwalara saboda yanayin yanayi na canzawa.
Ain't Nobody
Jerin waƙa
Decade-end charts
Ciwon daji mai launi
Ciwon daji mai launi (CRC), wanda kuma aka sani da ciwon hanji, ciwon hanji, ko kansar dubura, shine ci gaban kansa daga hanji ko dubura (sassan babban hanji). Ciwon daji shine rashin girma na sel wadanda ke da ikon mamayewa ko yada zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Alamomi da alamomi na iya haɗawa da jini a cikin bayan gari, canjin hanji, raguwar nauyi, da jin gajiya koyaushe.
Yawancin ciwon daji na launin fata suna faruwa ne saboda tsufa da kuma yau da kullum na rayuwar dan adam, tare da kananan adadin lokuta kawai saboda rashin lafiyar kwayoyin halitta. Sauran abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da abinci, kiba, shan taba, da rashin motsa jiki. Abubuwan da ake ci waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin sun haɗa da jan nama, naman da aka sarrafa, da barasa. Wani abu mai haɗari shine cututtukan hanji mai kumburi, wanda kuma ya haɗa da cutar Crohn da ulcerative colitis. Wasu daga cikin cututtukan da aka fada wadanda ke haifar da ciwon daji na launin fata sun hada da polyposis na iyali adenomatous polyposis da ciwon daji mara polyposis na hanji; duk da haka, wadannan suna wakiltar ƙasa da 5% na lokuta. Yawanci yana farawa ne azaman ƙwayar cuta mara kyau, sau da yawa a cikin nau'in polyp, wanda bayan lokaci ya zama cutar kansa.
Ana iya gano kansar hanji ta hanyar samun samfurin hanji a lokacin sigmoidoscopy ko colonoscopy. Daga nan sai a yi hoton likita don sanin ko cutar ta yadu. Bincike yana da tasiri don hanawa da rage mace-mace daga ciwon daji na launin fata. Ana ba da shawarar yin nuni, ta ɗayan hanyoyin da yawa, farawa daga shekaru 45 zuwa 75. A lokacin colonoscopy, ana iya cire ƙananan polyps idan an same su. Idan an sami babban polyp ko ƙari, ana iya yin biopsy don bincika ko ciwon daji ne. Aspirin da sauran magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal suna rage haɗarin. Ba a ba da shawarar amfani da su gabaɗaya don wannan dalili ba, duk da haka, saboda illa.
Magungunan da ake amfani da su don ciwon daji na launin fata na iya hadawa da wasu hadin tiyata, maganin radiation, chemotherapy da maganin da aka yi niyya. Ciwon daji da ke tsare a bangon hanji na iya warkewa ta hanyar tiyata, yayin da ciwon daji da ya yaɗu a ko'ina ba zai iya warkewa ba, tare da kulawa da kulawa don inganta rayuwa da alamomi. Yawan rayuwa na shekaru biyar a Amurka yana kusa da 65%. Yiwuwar rayuwa ta mutum ya dogara da yadda ciwon daji ya ci gaba, ko za a iya kawar da kansa ko a'a tare da tiyata da kuma lafiyar mutum gaba ɗaya. A duniya baki daya, ciwon daji na colorectal shine nau'in ciwon daji na uku da aka fi sani, wanda ke da kusan kashi 10% na dukkan cututtukan. A cikin 2018, an sami sabbin mutane miliyan 1.09 da mutuwar 551,000 daga cutar. Ya fi zama ruwan dare a kasashen da suka ci gaba, inda sama da kashi 65% na masu kamuwa da cutar ake samu. Ba shi da yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza.
Alamomi Cutar Daji
Alamu da alamun ciwon daji na launi sun dogara ne akan wurin da ciwon daji ke cikin hanji, da kuma ko ya yada wani wuri a cikin jiki ( metastasis ). Alamomin faɗakarwa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da: ƙaran maƙarƙashiya, jini a cikin stool, raguwar stool caliber (kauri), asarar ci, asarar nauyi, da tashin zuciya ko amai a cikin wanda ya haura shekaru 50. Kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji ba sa bayar da rahoton wata alama.
Zubar da jini na dubura ko anemia alamun haɗari ne a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 50. Rage nauyi da canje-canje a al'adar hanjin mutum yawanci sun shafi kawai idan suna da alaƙa da zubar jini na dubura.
Dalili
Kashi 75-95% na cututtukan ciwon daji na launin fata suna faruwa a cikin mutanen da ba su da ƙarancin haɗarin kwayoyin halitta. Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da tsufa, jima'i na maza, yawan cin mai, sukari, barasa, jan nama, naman da aka sarrafa, kiba, shan taba, da rashin motsa jiki. Kusan kashi 10% na lokuta suna da alaƙa da rashin isasshen aiki. Haɗarin barasa yana bayyana yana ƙaruwa fiye da abin sha ɗaya kowace rana. Shan gilashin ruwa 5 a rana yana da alaƙa da raguwa a cikin haɗarin ciwon daji na launin fata da adenomatous polyps. Streptococcus gallolyticus yana da alaƙa da ciwon daji na launi. Miliyoyin mutane ne ke cinye wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus a kullum don haka na iya zama lafiya. 25 zuwa 80% na mutanen da ke da Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus bacteremia suna da ciwace-ciwacen launin fata. Seroprevalence na Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus ana ɗaukarsa azaman ɗan takara alama mai amfani don farkon hasashen raunin hanji mai fa'ida a cikin haɗarin yawan jama'a. An ba da shawarar cewa kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus antigens ko antigens da kansu a cikin jini na iya zama alamomi ga carcinogenesis a cikin hanji.
Pathogenic Escherichia coli na iya ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na launi ta hanyar samar da kwayoyin halitta na genotoxic, colibactin.
Ciwon ciki mai kumburi
Mutanen da ke da cututtukan hanji mai kumburi ( ulcerative colitis da cutar Crohn ) suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji na hanji. Haɗarin yana ƙaruwa tsawon lokacin da mutum ke da cutar, kuma mafi muni da tsananin kumburi. A cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari masu haɗari, ana ba da shawarar rigakafin aspirin da na yau da kullun. Sa ido na Endoscopic a cikin wannan yawan mutanen da ke da haɗari na iya rage haɓakar ciwon daji na launin fata ta hanyar ganewar asali da wuri kuma yana iya rage yiwuwar mutuwa daga ciwon daji na hanji. Mutanen da ke da cututtukan hanji mai kumburi suna lissafin ƙasa da 2% na cututtukan daji na hanji kowace shekara. A cikin wadanda ke da cutar Crohn, kashi 2 cikin 100 suna samun kansar launin fata bayan 10 8% bayan shekaru 20 shekaru, da kuma 18% bayan shekaru 30. A cikin mutanen da ke da ulcerative colitis, kimanin kashi 16 cikin dari suna tasowa ko dai ciwon daji ko ciwon daji na hanji fiye da 30. shekaru.
Genetics
Wadanda ke da tarihin iyali a cikin dangi biyu ko fiye da na farko (kamar iyaye ko 'yan'uwa) suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta sau biyu zuwa uku kuma wannan rukunin yana da kusan kashi 20% na duk lokuta. Yawan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna da alaƙa da haɓakar cutar kansar launin fata. Mafi na kowa daga cikin waɗannan shine ciwon daji marasa polyposis colorectal (HNPCC ko Lynch syndrome) wanda ke cikin kusan kashi 3% na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji. Sauran cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji mai ƙarfi sun haɗa da ciwon Gardner da adenomatous polyposis na iyali (FAP). Ga mutanen da ke da waɗannan cututtukan, ciwon daji kusan koyaushe yana faruwa kuma yana da kashi 1% na cututtukan daji. Ana iya ba da shawarar jimlar proctocolectomy ga mutanen da ke da FAP a matsayin ma'aunin rigakafi saboda babban haɗarin malignancy. Colectomy, cire hanji, bazai isa a matsayin ma'aunin rigakafi ba saboda babban haɗarin ciwon daji na dubura idan duburar ta kasance. Mafi yawan ciwon polyposis da ke shafar hanji shine serrated polyposis syndrome, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɗarin 25-40% na CRC.
Maye gurbi a cikin nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta ( POLE da POLD1 ) an haɗa su da ciwon daji na iyali.
Yawancin mace-mace saboda ciwon daji na hanji suna da alaƙa da cutar metastatic. Halin da ke bayyana yana taimakawa wajen yiwuwar cutar cututtuka, metastasis da ke hade da ciwon daji na hanji 1 ( MACC1 ), an ware shi. Wani abu ne na rubutun da ke tasiri ga bayanin haɓakar haɓakar hanta. Wannan jinsin yana da alaƙa da yaduwa, mamayewa da watsar da ƙwayoyin cutar kansar hanji a cikin al'adar tantanin halitta, da haɓakar ƙari da metastasis a cikin mice. MACC1 na iya zama manufa mai yuwuwa don shiga tsakani na kansa, amma ana buƙatar tabbatar da wannan yuwuwar tare da nazarin asibiti.
Abubuwan Epigenetic, irin su methylation na DNA mara kyau na masu haɓaka ƙari, suna taka rawa wajen haɓaka ciwon daji na launin fata.
Yahudawan Ashkenazi suna da kashi 6% na hadarin kamuwa da adenoma sannan kuma ciwon daji na hanji saboda maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar APC da ya fi yawa.
Pathogenesis
Ciwon daji mai launi cuta ce da ta samo asali daga sel epithelial da ke rufe hanji ko dubura na gastrointestinal tract, galibi sakamakon maye gurbi a cikin hanyar siginar Wnt wanda ke haɓaka ayyukan sigina. Ana iya gada ko samun maye gurbin, kuma galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin kwayar cutar ta hanji. Mafi yawan rikitattun kwayoyin halitta a cikin dukkan ciwon daji na launin fata shine kwayar halittar APC, wanda ke samar da furotin na APC. Protein na APC yana hana tarin furotin β-catenin. Ba tare da APC ba, β-catenin yana tarawa zuwa manyan matakan kuma ya canza (motsi) zuwa cikin tsakiya, yana ɗaure zuwa DNA, kuma yana kunna fassarar proto -oncogenes. Waɗannan kwayoyin halitta galibi suna da mahimmanci don sabuntawa da bambance-bambancen kwayar halitta, amma idan aka bayyana rashin dacewa a manyan matakan, suna iya haifar da ciwon daji. Yayin da APC ke canzawa a yawancin ciwon daji na hanji, wasu ciwon daji sun karu da β-catenin saboda maye gurbi a cikin β-catenin (CTNNB1) wanda ke toshe rushewar kansa, ko kuma yana da maye gurbi a cikin wasu kwayoyin halitta masu aiki irin na APC kamar AXIN1, AXIN2, TCF7L2 ., ko NKD1.
Bayan lahani a cikin hanyar siginar Wnt, wasu maye gurbi dole ne su faru don tantanin halitta ya zama mai cutar kansa. Sunan furotin p53, wanda aka samar ta hanyar TP53 gene, yawanci yana lura da rarrabuwar tantanin halitta kuma yana haifar da tsarin mutuwar su idan suna da lahani na hanyar Wnt. Daga ƙarshe, layin tantanin halitta ya sami maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar TP53 kuma yana canza nama daga ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mara kyau zuwa ciwon daji na sel na epithelial. Wani lokaci kwayar halittar p53 ba ta canza ba, amma wani furotin mai kariya mai suna BAX an canza shi a maimakon haka.
Sauran sunadaran da ke da alhakin mutuwar kwayar cutar da aka yi amfani da su da yawa a cikin ciwon daji na colorectal sune TGF-β da DCC ( An share a cikin Ciwon daji na Colorectal ). TGF-β yana da maye gurbi mai kashewa a cikin aƙalla rabin ciwon daji na launin fata. Wani lokaci TGF-β ba a kashe shi ba, amma ana kashe furotin na ƙasa mai suna SMAD. DCC yawanci yana da share ɓangaren chromosome a cikin ciwon daji mai launi.
Kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na dukkanin kwayoyin halittar dan adam ana bayyana su a cikin ciwon daji na launin fata, tare da kusan kashi 1% na yawan bayyanar cututtuka a cikin ciwon daji idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in ciwon daji. Wasu kwayoyin halitta su ne oncogenes : suna da yawa a cikin ciwon daji na colorectal. Alal misali, kwayoyin halittar da ke ɓoye sunadaran KRAS, RAF, da PI3K, waɗanda yawanci ke motsa tantanin halitta don rarrabawa don amsawa ga abubuwan haɓaka, na iya samun maye gurbin da ke haifar da haɓakar haɓakar kwayar halitta. Tsarin lokaci na maye gurbi yana da mahimmanci a wasu lokuta. Idan maye gurbin APC na baya ya faru, maye gurbin KRAS na farko sau da yawa yakan ci gaba zuwa ciwon daji maimakon cutar hawan jini mai iyakancewa ko raunin iyaka. PTEN, mai hana ƙari, yawanci yana hana PI3K, amma wani lokaci yana iya zama rikiɗewa kuma yana kashewa.
M, bincike-bincike-genome ya bayyana cewa za a iya rarraba carcinomas masu launin launin fata zuwa nau'in ciwon daji da marasa hawan jini. Bugu da ƙari, maye gurbi na oncogenic da inactivating da aka kwatanta don kwayoyin halitta a sama, samfurori marasa hypermutated sun ƙunshi CTNNB1, FAM123B, SOX9, ATM, da ARID1A. Ci gaba ta hanyar wani nau'i na abubuwan da suka faru na kwayoyin halitta, hypermutated ciwace-ciwacen daji suna nuna nau'i na ACVR2A, TGFBR2, MSH3, MSH6, SLC9A9, TCF7L2, da BRAF. Maganar gama gari tsakanin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta, a duk nau'in ciwon daji, shine shigar da su a cikin hanyoyin siginar Wnt da TGF-β, wanda ke haifar da ƙara yawan aiki na MYC, dan wasa na tsakiya a cikin ciwon daji na launi.
Polyp zuwa jeri na ci gaban kansa shine samfurin gargajiya na cututtukan ciwon daji na colorectal. Tsarin polyp zuwa jerin ciwon daji yana bayyana matakan sauye-sauye daga ciwace-ciwacen daji zuwa ciwon daji na launin fata tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Tsakanin polyp zuwa jerin CRC sune maye gurbi, sauye-sauyen epigenetic da canje-canje masu kumburi na gida. Za a iya amfani da jerin polyp zuwa CRC azaman tushen tsarin don kwatanta yadda takamaiman canje-canjen kwayoyin ke haifar da nau'ikan ciwon daji daban-daban.
Lalacewar filin
An fara amfani da kalmar "ciwon daji na filin" a cikin 1953 don bayyana wani yanki ko "filin" na epithelium wanda aka riga aka tsara (ta hanyar abubuwan da ba a san su ba a lokacin) don ƙaddamar da shi zuwa ci gaban ciwon daji. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da kalmomin "ciwon daji na filin", "carcinogenesis filin", "lalacewar filin", da " tasirin filin " don bayyana cutar da ta rigaya ko riga-kafin neoplastic wanda sabon ciwon daji zai iya tasowa.
Lalacewar filin suna da mahimmanci wajen ci gaba zuwa kansar hanji.
Duk da haka, kamar yadda Rubin ya nuna, "Yawancin binciken da aka yi a cikin binciken ciwon daji an yi shi ne akan ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi a cikin vivo, ko kuma a kan ƙananan ƙwayoyin neoplastic foci in vitro . Amma duk da haka akwai shaidar cewa fiye da kashi 80 cikin 100 na maye gurbi da aka samu a cikin mutator phenotype ɗan adam ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace na faruwa ne kafin farkon haɓakawar haɓakar clonal na ƙarshe." Hakanan, Vogelstein et al. ya nuna cewa fiye da rabin maye gurbi da aka gano a cikin sun faru ne a wani lokaci na pre-neoplastic (a cikin wani lahani na fili), yayin haɓakar sel na zahiri. Hakanan, sauye-sauyen epigenetic da ke cikin ciwace-ciwace na iya faruwa a cikin lahani na filin pre-neoplastic.
An faɗaɗa ra'ayi game da tasirin filin "tasirin filin etiologic", wanda ya ƙunshi ba wai kawai kwayoyin halitta da canje-canjen pathologic a cikin sel pre-neoplastic ba har ma da tasirin abubuwan muhalli na waje da canje-canjen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na gida akan juyin halitta na neoplastic daga farkon ƙari zuwa mutuwa. .
Epigenetics
Bugu da ƙari, canjin epigenetic na magana na miRNAs, sauran nau'ikan sauye-sauye na epigenetic na yau da kullun a cikin cututtukan daji waɗanda ke canza matakan maganganu na kwayar halitta sun haɗa da hypermethylation kai tsaye ko hypomethylation na tsibiran CpG na ƙwayoyin halittar furotin da sauye-sauye a cikin tarihin tarihi da gine-ginen chromosomal waɗanda ke yin tasiri ga bayyanar halittar. A matsayin misali, 147 hypermethylations da 27 hypomethylations na furotin codeing genes aka akai-akai hade da colorectal cancers. Daga cikin kwayoyin hypermethylated, 10 sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin 100% na ciwon daji na hanji, kuma wasu da yawa sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin fiye da 50% na ciwon daji na hanji. Bugu da ƙari, 11 hypermethylations da 96 hypomethylations na miRNAs suma suna da alaƙa da ciwon daji na launi. methylation mara kyau (aberrant) yana faruwa ne a sakamakon al'ada na al'ada na al'ada kuma haɗarin ciwon daji na launin fata yana ƙaruwa yayin da mutum ya tsufa. Ba a san tushen da abin da ke haifar da wannan methylation mai alaƙa da shekaru ba. Kusan rabin kwayoyin halittar da ke nuna sauye-sauyen methylation masu alaka da shekaru su ne kwayoyin halittar da aka gano suna da hannu wajen haifar da ciwon sankarar launi. Wadannan binciken na iya ba da shawarar dalilin shekaru da ke hade da haɗarin haɓakar ciwon daji na launin fata.
Ragewar Epigenetic na maganan gyaran enzyme na DNA na iya haifar da rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halitta da na epigenomic na ciwon daji. Kamar yadda aka taƙaita a cikin articles Carcinogenesis da Neoplasm, don ciwon daji na lokaci-lokaci a gaba ɗaya, ƙarancin gyare-gyare na DNA yana faruwa lokaci-lokaci saboda maye gurbi a cikin kwayar gyaran DNA, amma yana da yawa akai-akai saboda sauye-sauye na epigenetic wanda ke rage ko yin shiru na maganganun gyaran DNA. .
Canje-canjen Epigenetic da ke cikin haɓakar ciwon daji na launin fata na iya shafar martanin mutum ga ilimin chemotherapy.
Genomics | Epigenomics
Wani labari na tushen Epigenome (EpiC) na kansar launin fata an gabatar da shi a cikin 2021 yana gabatar da nau'ikan haɓakawa 4 a cikin mutanen da ke da CRC. Jihohin Chromatin da ke amfani da alamomin tarihi guda 6 ana siffanta su don gano ƙananan nau'ikan EpiC. Hanyar haɗakarwa ta hanyar warkewa dangane da abubuwan da aka gabatar da ijma'i a baya (CMSs) da EpiCs na iya haɓaka dabarun jiyya na yanzu.
Andeel
Andeel wato shi ya kasan ce ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Masar wato Egypt. Ayyukansa sun shiga cikin gaba tun lokacin juyin juya halin Masar a shekarar 2011.
Ciwon daji mai launi
Hoto na likita
Wani lokaci ana gano ciwon daji mai launin fata akan CT scan.
Andeel
Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Andeel a Kafr al-Sheikh a shekarar 1986. Andeel yakan ziyarci Alkahira tare da iyayensa duk da basa zama a can. Ya ce yana son Alkahira tun yana karami kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa can tun yana dan shekara goma sha bakwai bayan ya kammala makarantar sakandare. Aikinsa na farko shi ne jaridar Al Gael. Bayan shekara guda, ya koma jaridar Al Dostour inda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin shahararren mai zane-zanen fim Amr Selim. Daga nan ne, Andeel ya koma wani takarda mai zaman kansa, Al Masry Al Youm, kuma ya haxa mujallar wasan kwaikwayo na kwata-kwata, Tok-Tok. Andeel yana son majigin yara tun yana yaro. Mahaifinsa ya nuna masa aikin mai zane-zanen masar din nan Salah Jaheen, wanda ya ce ya yi matukar tasiri a aikin nasa. Yawancin ayyukan da Andeel ya bayyana kafin Jaheen ya kasance baƙon abu ne, don haka ganin aikin Jaheen game da Misira ya kasance abin motsawa ga shiga cikin zane-zanen. Kafin ya zama shahararren mai zane-zane, Andeel ya gwada sa'arsa a rubutun rubuce-rubuce da kuma wasan ban dariya.
Mafi yawan ayyukan Andeel ya dogara ne da izgili na siyasa. Kawun nasa ya gaya masa cewa kakan mahaifinsa dan fim ne wanda ya yi wani fim mai suna Dawakai, wanda ya kai shi bikin nuna finafinai na Berlin. Saboda wariyar launin fata, ba a manta da babbar kyauta ba duk da cewa ya cancanci hakan, kuma a jirgin ruwan da ya koma Masar ya jefa kwafin fim ɗin guda ɗaya a ciki kuma ya yi ritaya daga sinima. Sanin wannan haushi ya tilasta Andeel ya koma Alkahira ya zama ƙwararren mai zane-zane a ƙuruciya, tare da yin gajerun fina-finai (kamar “Waye Ya San?”, Wani fim ɗin psychedelic noir da aka saita a yankin yamma ta yamma), yana rubutun rubutun TV., tsara zane-zane, hadin gwiwa wajen kirkirar mujallar barkwanci ta "Tok Tok", kaddamar da "Radhio Kafril Sheikh el Habeeba," da kuma amfani da Facebook sosai. Yana karatun satifiket a aikin zamantakewa. A shekarar 2012, ya yi aure.
Ciwon daji mai launi
Hoto na likita
Ana tabbatar da kasancewar metastases ta hanyar CT scan na ƙirji, ciki da ƙashin ƙugu. Wasu yuwuwar gwajin hoto kamar PET da MRI ana iya amfani da su a wasu lokuta. Ana amfani da na ƙarshen sau da yawa don raunukan dubura don tantance matakin sa na gida da kuma sauƙaƙe shirye-shiryen riga-kafi.
Odunlade Adekola
Kuruciya
Adekola dan asalin Otun Ekiti ne, jihar Ekiti.
Ciwon daji mai launi
Histopathology
Ana ba da rahoton halayen tarihin tarihin ƙwayar cuta daga nazarin nama da aka ɗauka daga biopsy ko tiyata. Rahoton ilimin cututtuka yana ƙunshe da bayanin halayen ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ciki har da ƙwayoyin tumor guda biyu da kuma yadda ciwon daji ke shiga cikin kyallen takarda masu lafiya kuma a ƙarshe idan ciwon ya bayyana an cire shi gaba daya. Mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji na hanji shine adenocarcinoma, wanda ya ƙunshi tsakanin kashi 95% zuwa 98% na duk cututtukan daji na colorectal. Sauran, nau'ikan da ba su da yawa sun haɗa da lymphoma, adenosquamous da carcinoma cell squamous. An gano wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan suna da ƙarfi Ana iya amfani da Immunohistochemistry a lokuta marasa tabbas.
Odunlade Adekola
Ilimi
Odunlade Adekola ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St John da kwalejin St. Peter da ke Abeokuta dake jihar Ogun sannan ya yi jarrabawar kammala makarantar sakandare ta Afirka ta Yamma kafin ya wuce Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, (MAPOLY) inda ya samu takardar shaidar difloma. Odunlade ya ci gaba da karatunsa kuma a watan Mayun 2018, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci a jami'ar Legas.
Ciwon daji mai launi
Tsayawa
Matsayin ciwon daji ya dogara ne akan binciken rediyo da ilimin cututtuka. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran nau'o'in ciwon daji, ciwon daji yana dogara ne akan tsarin TNM wanda yayi la'akari da yadda ƙwayar farko ta yada da kuma kasancewar metastases a cikin nodes na lymph da sauran gabobin da ke nesa. An buga bugu na AJCC na 8 a cikin 2018.
Odunlade Adekola
Aiki
Odunlade Adekola ya fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne a shekarar 1996, a shekarar ya shiga kungiyar kwararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Najeriya. Ya yi tauraro, rubutawa, shiryawa da bayar da umarni a fina-finan Najeriya da dama a tsawon shekaru. A watan Afrilun 2014, Adekola ya lashe lambar yabo ta African Movie Academy Award don gwarzon jarumin shekara. A watan Disambar 2015, ya yi bikin shiga harkar waka ta Najeriya. Hotunan Odunlade a lokacin daukar fim ana amfani da su a matsayin memba na intanet a duk fadin Najeriya.
Ciwon daji mai launi
Rigakafi
An yi kiyasin cewa kusan rabin cututtukan da suka kamu da cutar sankarar launin fata suna faruwa ne saboda abubuwan rayuwa, kuma kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na duk ana iya yin rigakafinsu. Ƙara yawan sa ido, yin motsa jiki, cin abinci mai yawan fiber, da rage shan taba da shan barasa yana rage haɗarin.
salon rayuwa
Abubuwan haɗari na rayuwa tare da shaida mai ƙarfi sun haɗa da rashin motsa jiki, shan taba sigari, barasa, da kiba. Ana iya rage haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji ta hanyar kiyaye nauyin jiki na yau da kullun ta hanyar haɗuwa da isasshen motsa jiki da cin abinci mai kyau.
Binciken da ake yi a yanzu yana danganta cin jan nama da naman da aka sarrafa zuwa babban haɗarin cutar. Tun daga shekarun 1970s, shawarwarin abinci don hana ciwon daji na launin fata sau da yawa sun haɗa da ƙara yawan amfani da hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, da rage cin nama da nama da aka sarrafa. Wannan ya dogara ne akan nazarin dabba da nazarin duban baya. Duk da haka, babban binciken da ake tsammani ya kasa nuna wani tasiri mai mahimmanci na kariya, kuma saboda dalilai masu yawa na ciwon daji da kuma rikitarwa na nazarin dangantaka tsakanin abinci da lafiya, ba shi da tabbas ko wani takamaiman tsarin abinci na abinci (a waje da cin abinci mai kyau) zai sami tasiri mai mahimmanci na kariya. A cikin 2018 Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Kasa ta bayyana cewa "Babu wani tabbataccen shaida cewa abincin da aka fara a lokacin balagagge wanda ba shi da kitse da nama da yawan fiber, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kayan lambu yana rage haɗarin CRC ta hanyar digiri mai mahimmanci na asibiti."
A cewar Asusun Binciken Ciwon daji na Duniya, shan barasa da kuma cinye naman da aka sarrafa duka suna kara haɗarin ciwon daji na colorectal
Game da fiber na abinci, rahoton ciwon daji na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya na 2014 ya lura cewa an yi hasashen cewa fiber na iya taimakawa wajen hana ciwon daji na colorectal, amma yawancin binciken ba su fitar da wannan ba, kuma matsayin kimiyya ya kasance ba a sani ba tun daga 2014. Wani bita na 2019, duk da haka, ya sami shaidar fa'ida daga fiber na abinci da dukan hatsi. Asusun Binciken Ciwon daji na Duniya ya lissafa fa'idar fiber don rigakafin ciwon daji a matsayin "mai yiwuwa" kamar na 2017.
Ana ba da shawarar aikin motsa jiki mafi girma. Motsa jiki yana da alaƙa da raguwar raguwar hanji amma ba haɗarin kansar dubura ba. Babban matakan motsa jiki yana rage haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji da kusan kashi 21%. Zauna akai-akai na tsawon lokaci yana da alaƙa da yawan mace-mace daga ciwon daji na hanji. Ba a kawar da haɗarin ta hanyar motsa jiki na yau da kullum, kodayake an saukar da shi.
Magunguna da kari
Aspirin da celecoxib sun bayyana suna rage haɗarin ciwon daji na launin fata a cikin waɗanda ke cikin haɗari mai girma. Ana ba da shawarar aspirin ga waɗanda ke da shekaru 50 zuwa 60, ba su da haɗarin zubar jini, kuma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya don hana ciwon daji na launin fata. Ba a ba da shawarar ba a cikin waɗanda ke cikin matsakaicin haɗari.
Akwai sheda na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar calcium, amma bai isa ba don ba da shawara. Shan bitamin D da matakan jini suna da alaƙa da ƙarancin haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji.
Nunawa
Kamar yadda fiye da 80% na ciwon daji na colorectal ya tashi daga adenomatous polyps, nunawa ga wannan ciwon daji yana da tasiri don ganowa da wuri da kuma rigakafi. Ganewar cututtukan ciwon daji na launin fata ta hanyar yin gwaje-gwaje yana nuna yakan faru shekaru 2-3 kafin ganewar asali na lokuta masu alamun bayyanar. Ana iya cire duk wani polyps da aka gano, yawanci ta hanyar colonoscopy ko sigmoidoscopy, don haka ya hana su juya zuwa ciwon daji. Nunawa yana da yuwuwar rage mutuwar cutar kansar launin fata da kashi 60%.
Babban gwaje-gwajen gwaji guda uku sune colonoscopy, gwajin jini na gabobin ciki, da sigmoidoscopy mai sassauƙa. Daga cikin ukun, sigmoidoscopy kawai ba zai iya bincika gefen dama na hanji ba inda aka sami kashi 42% na ciwon daji. Sigmoidoscopy mai sauƙi, duk da haka, yana da mafi kyawun shaida don rage haɗarin mutuwa daga kowane dalili.
Gwajin jini na ɓoyayyiya (FOBT) na stool yawanci ana ba da shawarar kowace shekara biyu kuma yana iya zama tushen guaiac ko immunochemical. Idan an sami sakamako na FOBT mara kyau, yawanci ana tura mahalarta don gwajin colonoscopy na gaba. Lokacin da aka yi sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 1-2, gwajin FOBT yana rage yawan mutuwar ciwon daji da kashi 16 cikin 100 kuma daga cikin waɗanda ke shiga cikin tantancewa, za a iya rage yawan mutuwar ciwon daji har zuwa 23%, ko da yake ba a tabbatar da rage yawan mace-mace ba. Gwaje-gwajen rigakafi daidai ne kuma baya buƙatar canjin abinci ko magani kafin gwaji.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun haɗa da kama-da -wane colonoscopy da gwajin gwajin DNA (FIT-DNA). Ƙwararren ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar CT scan ya bayyana yana da kyau kamar daidaitaccen colonoscopy don gano ciwon daji da manyan adenoma amma yana da tsada, yana da alaƙa da bayyanar radiation, kuma ba zai iya cire duk wani ci gaban da aka gano na al'ada ba kamar yadda daidaitaccen colonoscopy zai iya. Gwajin gwajin DNA na Stool yana neman alamomin halittu masu alaƙa da ciwon daji na launin fata da raunukan da suka rigaya, gami da canza DNA da haemoglobin na jini. Kyakkyawan sakamako yakamata a bi shi ta hanyar colonoscopy. FIT-DNA yana da mafi ƙarancin inganci fiye da FIT kuma don haka yana haifar da ƙarin sakamako mara kyau. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kamar na 2016 don sanin ko tazarar gwajin shekaru uku daidai ne.
Shawarwari
A Amurka, ana ba da shawarar yin gwajin tsakanin shekaru 50 zuwa 75 shekaru. Ƙungiyar Ciwon daji ta Amirka ta ba da shawarar farawa tun yana da shekaru 45. Ga waɗanda ke tsakanin shekaru 76 zuwa 85, yanke shawarar tantancewa ya kamata a keɓance shi. Ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin haɗari, yawanci ana farawa da kusan 40.
Ana ba da shawarar hanyoyin dubawa da yawa ciki har da gwajin tushen stool kowane shekaru 2, sigmoidoscopy kowace shekara 10 tare da gwajin rigakafi na fecal a kowace shekara biyu, da colonoscopy kowace shekara 10. Ba a san wanne daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyi biyu ba ne mafi kyau. Colonoscopy na iya samun ƙarin ciwon daji a ɓangaren farko na hanji, amma yana da alaƙa da farashi mai girma da ƙarin rikitarwa. Ga mutanen da ke da matsakaicin haɗari waɗanda suka sami babban ingancin colonoscopy tare da sakamako na al'ada, Ƙungiyar Gastroenterological Association ta Amirka ba ta ba da shawarar kowane nau'i na nunawa a cikin shekaru 10 bayan colonoscopy ba. Ga mutane sama da 75 ko waɗanda ke da tsawon rayuwar ƙasa da 10 shekaru, ba a ba da shawarar dubawa ba. Yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 10 bayan an gwada ɗaya daga cikin mutane 1000 don amfana. USPSTF ta lissafta dabaru guda bakwai masu yuwuwa don tantancewa, tare da mafi mahimmancin abu shine cewa aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan dabarun ana amfani da su yadda ya kamata.
A Kanada, daga cikin waɗanda ke da shekaru 50 zuwa 75 a cikin haɗarin al'ada, ana ba da shawarar gwajin rigakafi na fecal ko FOBT kowace shekara biyu ko sigmoidoscopy kowace shekara 10. Colonoscopy ba shi da fifiko.
Wasu ƙasashe suna da shirye-shiryen tantance launin launi na ƙasa waɗanda ke ba da gwajin FOBT ga duk manya a cikin wani rukunin shekaru, yawanci farawa tsakanin shekaru 50 zuwa 60. Misalan ƙasashen da ke da tsarin tantancewa sun haɗa da United Kingdom, Australia, Netherlands, Hong Kong da Taiwan.
Magani
Maganin ciwon daji na launin fata na iya zama da nufin warkarwa ko ragewa. Shawarar abin da ake son ɗauka ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da lafiyar mutum da abubuwan da ake so, da kuma matakin ƙwayar cuta. Ƙididdiga a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu yawa shine muhimmin sashi na ƙayyade ko majiyyaci ya dace da tiyata ko a'a. Lokacin da aka kama kansar launin fata da wuri, tiyata na iya zama magani. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka gano shi a matakai na gaba (wanda metastases ke samuwa), wannan yana da wuyar gaske kuma sau da yawa ana ba da magani ga palliation, don kawar da bayyanar cututtuka da ciwon daji ke haifar da shi kuma ya sa mutum ya ji dadi sosai.
Tiyata
Idan an sami ciwon daji a farkon mataki, ana iya cire shi a lokacin colonoscopy ta amfani da daya daga cikin fasaha da yawa, ciki har da endoscopic mucosal resection ko endoscopic submucosal dissection. Ga mutanen da ke da ciwon daji na gida, abin da aka fi so shine cikakken cirewar tiyata tare da isassun tazara, tare da ƙoƙarin samun magani. Hanyar zaɓin ita ce partel colectomy (ko proctocolectomy don raunukan duburar) inda aka cire ɓangaren hanji ko duburar da abin ya shafa tare da sassan mesocolon da samar da jini don sauƙaƙe cire ƙwayoyin lymph nodes. Ana iya yin wannan ko dai ta hanyar buɗewar laparotomy ko laparoscopically, dangane da abubuwan da suka shafi mutum ɗaya da abubuwan raunuka. Ana iya sake haɗa hanjin ko kuma mutum ya sami colostomy.
Idan akwai 'yan metastases a cikin hanta ko huhu, ana iya cire su. Ana iya amfani da chemotherapy kafin tiyata don rage ciwon daji kafin yunƙurin cire shi. Wurare guda biyu da aka fi samun yawaitar cutar kansar launin fata sune hanta da huhu. Ga peritoneal carcinomatosis cytoreductive tiyata, wani lokacin a hade tare da HIPEC za a iya amfani da a yunƙurin cire ciwon daji.
Chemotherapy
A cikin duka ciwon daji na hanji da dubura, ana iya amfani da chemotherapy ban da tiyata a wasu lokuta. Shawarar da za a ƙara chemotherapy a kula da ciwon hanji da dubura ya dogara da matakin cutar.
A Stage I ciwon daji na hanji, ba a bayar da chemotherapy, kuma tiyata shine tabbataccen magani. Matsayin ilimin chemotherapy a cikin Stage II ciwon daji na hanji yana da muhawara, kuma yawanci ba a ba da shi ba sai an gano abubuwan haɗari kamar ƙwayar cutar T4, ciwon daji mara bambanci, mamayewar jijiyoyin jini da na perineural ko rashin isasshen samfurin node na lymph. Hakanan an san cewa mutanen da ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ba su da kyau na ƙwayoyin gyaran gyare-gyaren da ba su dace ba ba su amfana da ilimin chemotherapy. Don mataki na III da Stage IV ciwon daji, chemotherapy wani bangare ne na jiyya.
Idan ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ga ƙwayoyin lymph ko gabobin da ke nesa, wanda shine yanayin da mataki na III da mataki na IV ciwon daji na ciwon hanji, ƙara magungunan chemotherapy fluorouracil, capecitabine ko oxaliplatin yana ƙara tsawon rai. Idan nodes na lymph ba su ƙunshi ciwon daji ba, amfanin chemotherapy yana da rikici. Idan ciwon daji yana da yawa ko kuma ba a sake shi ba, to magani yana da lafiya. Yawanci a wannan saitin, ana iya amfani da adadin magungunan chemotherapy daban-daban. Magungunan chemotherapy don wannan yanayin na iya haɗawa da capecitabine, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin da UFT. Magungunan capecitabine da fluorouracil suna canzawa, tare da capecitabine kasancewar maganin baka da fluorouracil shine maganin jijiya. Wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin da ake amfani da su don CRC sune CAPOX, FOLFOX, FOLFOXIRI, da FOLFIRI. Magungunan Antiangiogenic kamar su bevacizumab ana yawan ƙara su a cikin layin farko. Wani nau'i na kwayoyi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin layi na biyu sune masu hana masu karɓan haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar epidermal, waɗanda FDA ta amince da su guda uku suna aflibercept, cetuximab da panitumumab.
Bambanci na farko a cikin kusanci zuwa ƙananan ciwon daji na dubura shine haɗa maganin radiation. Sau da yawa, ana amfani da shi tare da chemotherapy a cikin yanayin neoadjuvant don ba da damar aikin tiyata, ta yadda a ƙarshe ba a buƙatar colostomy. Koyaya, bazai yuwu a cikin ƙananan ciwace-ciwacen daji ba, a cikin wannan yanayin, ana iya buƙatar colostomy na dindindin. Ana kula da ciwon daji na dubura mataki na IV kama da mataki na IV ciwon daji.
Sashe na IV ciwon daji na launin fata saboda ciwon peritoneal carcinomatosis za a iya bi da shi ta amfani da HIPEC tare da tiyata na cytoreductive, a wasu mutane.
Radiation therapy
Duk da yake haɗuwa da radiation da chemotherapy na iya zama da amfani ga ciwon daji na dubura, ga wasu mutanen da ke buƙatar magani, chemoradiotherapy na iya ƙara yawan ƙwayar cuta mai tsanani, kuma ba a nuna shi don inganta yawan rayuwa ba idan aka kwatanta da radiotherapy kadai, ko da yake yana da alaƙa. tare da ƙaramar maimaitawar gida. Amfani da radiotherapy a cikin ciwon daji na hanji ba na yau da kullun ba ne saboda ji na hanji zuwa radiation. Kamar yadda yake tare da chemotherapy, ana iya amfani da radiotherapy azaman neoadjuvant don matakan asibiti T3 da T4 don ciwon daji na dubura. Wannan yana haifar da raguwa ko raguwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, shirya shi don aikin tiyata, kuma yana rage yawan maimaitawar gida. Don ciwon daji na dubura na gida, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy ya zama daidaitaccen magani. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da tiyata ba zai yiwu ba, an ba da shawarar maganin radiation don zama magani mai mahimmanci game da ƙwayoyin cuta na CRC, wanda kashi 10-15% na mutanen da ke da CRC suka haɓaka.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy tare da masu hana wuraren bincike na rigakafi yana da amfani ga nau'in ciwon daji na launin fata tare da rashin daidaituwa na gyaran gyare-gyare da rashin kwanciyar hankali na microsatellite. An amince da Pembrolizumab don ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwan CRC waɗanda ba su da ƙarancin MMR kuma sun kasa jiyya na yau da kullun. Yawancin mutanen da suka inganta, duk da haka, har yanzu suna tabarbarewa bayan watanni ko shekaru. Sauran nau'in ciwon daji na colorectal kamar na 2017 har yanzu ana nazarin su.
Kulawar jin daɗi
Ana ba da shawarar kula da jin daɗi ga duk mutumin da ya sami ci gaba da ciwon daji na hanji ko kuma yana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka.