cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Babu Zaman Lafiya Ba Tare Da Adalci Ba
Babu Zaman Lafiya Ba Tare da Adalci ba ( NPWJ ) ko Non C'è Pace Senza Giustizia (NPSG) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Italia, wacce Emma Bonino, ɗan siyasan Italiya, tsohon memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai kuma memba na Majalisar Dattawa ta yanzu ya kafa a shekarata 1993. . NPWJ dogara ne a Roma, kuma shi ne memba na kwamitin na NGO hadin gwiwa domin kotun kasa da kasa (CICC) ya kuma bijiro da batun kafa jam'iyya na Non violent Magance M Party, an NGO da Janar (category I) da shawara Status a United Nations ECOSOC. Manyan shirye-shiryen sun hada da batun hukunta manyan laifuka na duniya, yi wa mata kaciya, dimokiradiyya ta MENA, gami da kuma aikin Iraki. 'Yancin dan adam sun fi fuskantar barazana a yanayi na rikici, inda hatta kasashen duniya kan inganta matakan gajere da nufin dakatar da fadan, amma wanda ke haifar da karin rikici, cigaba da rashin hukunci da lalata dokar, sai dai idan sun bayar da alhakin laifuffukan. da kuma sasantawa ga wadanda abin ya shafa. Adalci, dimokiradiyya da bin doka da oda ginshikai ne na dorewar zaman lafiya ta hanyar tabbatar da 'yanci na gari da' yancin ɗan'adam. Ayyukan NPWJ na asali tun daga shekarar 1993 an tsara su ne don inganta kafa Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuffuka ta dindindin a matsayin wani ɓangare na ingantaccen tsarin hukunta masu aikata laifuka na duniya don rigakafin, hanawa da gurfanar da laifuffukan yaƙi, laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da kisan kare dangi.
Shirin Shari'a na Kasa da Kasa
NPWJ na shirin shari'ar manyan laifuka na kasa da kasa har yanzu yana mai da hankali ne a kan kokarin kasa da kasa da na kasa don dawo da doka da samar da gaskiya da kwatowa ga wadanda suka aikata laifuka a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa, ta hanyar Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa, ko kuma ta Kotun kasa da kasa ko Kotuna, na kasa gabatar da kara ko wasu hanyoyin aiwatar da lissafi. Gurin su shi ne Babban manufar shirin kasa da kasa na hukunta masu aikata laifuka shine tabbatar da cewa duk wata hanyar da za'a bi, an tsara ta kuma ana aiwatar da ita ta yadda zata bada gudummawa wajan dawo da doka, tana biya bukatun masu ruwa da tsaki kuma tana biye da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam. Yayinda NPWJ ke cigaba da aiki zuwa ga gama-gari na Dokar ta ICC ta Rome ta hanyar inganta amincewarsa da aiwatar da dokoki masu inganci, abinda aka lura yawancin abin da ta fi mayar da hankali shi ne tabbatar da cewa an magance wadannan laifuka ta hanyar shari'ar kasa da ta kasa da kasa ko kuma hanyoyin aiwatar da lissafi, tare da ICC a matsayin mai kara kuzari, a matsayin waliyyi kuma makoma ta karshe.
Shirin Kaciyar Mata
Shirin kaciyar mata, wanda aka fara shi a shekara ta 2000, ya yi bayani ne kan daya daga cikin yaduwar da kuma tsari na take hakkin dan'adam na mutuncin kansa, wanda aka aikata ga miliyoyin mata da 'yan mata a duk duniya, wanda kuma ba a kalubalance shi a karkashin hujjar mutunta al'adun gida. Abinda dai ake so ko Babbar manufar shirin FGM ita ce samar da yanayin siyasa, shari'a da zamantakewar al'umma wacce ke kalubalantar halaye da halaye a kan kaciyar tare da inganta watsi da ita, ta fuskar ingantawa da kuma kare hakkokin mata da 'yan mata, gami da inganta amincewa da aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Maputo kan Hakkokin Mata a Afirka. Shirin yana inganta dabarun masu rajin kare hakkin mata da masu aikata fannoni da ke aiki a kan kaciyar mata FGM da kuma inganta sauye-sauye na shari'a a matsayin kayan aiki mai tasiri na canjin halaye domin juya akalar al'adun zamantakewar jama'a game da FGM.
Tsarin Dimokiradiyya na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka
Shirin dimokiradiyya na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, wanda aka fara a shekarata 2003, ya kuma magance yanayin inda akasari keɓaɓɓun ƙa'idodi na duniya lungu da sako sau da yawa a keɓe da sunan kwanciyar hankali na siyasa da zato rashin dacewar al'adu. Babban manufar shirin MENA Demokradiyya shi ne inganta dabi'un dimokiradiyya, cibiyoyin sassaucin ra'ayi da budewa gwamnati ta hanyar kirkirar hanyoyin siyasa na tuntuba wadanda ke amincewa da wadanda ba ‘yan jihar ba, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin farar hula a matsayin halattaccen kuma takaddama mai dacewa don tattaunawa da cibiyoyin Jiha kan batutuwan sake fasalin dimokiradiyya. Ana gudanar da wannan shirin ne a matakin kasa da kuma na shiyya, tare da hadin gwiwar gwamnatoci da dama, da wadanda ba na gwamnati ba da kuma abokan hulda, da nufin samar da shawarwari masu inganci da karko da hanyoyin tattaunawa kan sake fasalin dimokiradiyya.
Aikin Iraq
A cikin tsarin MENA Demokradiyya, aikin Iraki, wanda aka fara a shekarata 2006, yana ba da gudummawa ga tsarin mulki da tsarin kafa hukumomi a Iraki ta hanyar inganta tattaunawa tsakanin shugabannin daga dukkanin bangarorin siyasa kan batutuwan da suka fi dacewa da siyasa, gami da musamman abin da ya dace na nauyi da iko a matakai daban-daban na Jihohi, Gundumomi, Gwamnoni, Garuruwa da wajaje. Ta hanyar samar da dama don muhawara a bayyane da sanarwa, aikin Iraki na da nufin taimakawa hanawa ko warware rikice-rikicen tattaunawar da kuma gano mafita mai dorewa.
Dubaru
Abubuwan fifiko don aiki don duk shirye-shiryen an zaɓi su bisa ga buƙatu kamar yadda aka ƙaddara a ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da duk masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin ƙira da aiwatar da ayyuka. A cikin ayyukan bayar da shawarwari, NPWJ na wayar da kan jama'a da kuma inganta muhawara ta jama'a ta hanyar yakin neman zabe na siyasa da aiwatar da muhimman shirye-shirye, kamar taron kasa da kasa da na shiyya, wadanda galibi ake daukar nauyinsu tare da shirya su tare da Gwamnatin kasar da suke ciki, tare da karfafa kawance tsakanin cibiyoyin gwamnati, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da sauran masu fada a ji a cikin al'umma, don samun damar mallakar masu ruwa da tsaki duk na siyasa da kuma sakamakon. NPWJ ta kuma dauki nauyin ba da taimako ta fuskar fasahar zamani, ta hanyar shigar da kwararrun masanan shari'a ga gwamnatoci don tsara dokoki da kuma taimakawa wajen tattaunawa a kan kayan kare hakkin bil adama na kasa da kasa. A ƙarshe, NPWJ ta sami ƙwarewar filin musamman a cikin "taswirar tashe-tashen hankula" da manyan takardu game da keta dokokin jin kai na ƙasa da ƙasa a yankunan da rikice-rikice ya shafa da kuma aiwatar da shirye-shiryen sadarwar kai da kai tsakanin al'ummomin cikin rikice-rikice da yankunan da ke bayan rikici kan batutuwan shari'ar masu aikata laifuka ta ƙasa da ƙasa.
Elmwood Park Il
Elmwood Park IlWani birni ne a cikin yankin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
El paso Il
El Paso IlWani birni ne a cikin yankin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Numidia
Numidia (Berber: Inumiden; 202–40 BC) ita ce tsohuwar daular Numidians da ke arewa maso yammacin Afirka, wanda da farko ta ƙunshi yankin da a yanzu ya zama Aljeriya ta zamani, amma daga baya ta faɗaɗa abin da a yau ake kira Tunisiya, Libya, da wasu sassa na Maroko. Tun asali an raba siyasar tsakanin Massylii a gabas da Masaesyli a yamma. A lokacin Yaƙin Punic na Biyu (218-201 BC), Masinissa, sarkin Massylii, ya ci Syphax na Masaesyli don haɗa Numidia zuwa masarauta ɗaya. Masarautar ta fara ne a matsayin ƙasa mai cikakken iko kuma daga baya ta canza tsakanin kasancewa lardin Romawa da ƙasar abokin ciniki na Romawa.
'Yanci
Masana tarihi na Girka sun kira waɗannan mutane da “Νομάδες” (watau Nomads), wanda ta hanyar fassarar Latin ya zama "Numidae" (amma cf. kuma daidai amfani da Nomades). Masanin tarihi Gabriel Camps, duk da haka, ya yi jayayya da wannan da'awar, yana fifita a maimakon asalin Afirka don wannan lokacin.
Sunan ya fara bayyana a Polybius (karni na biyu BC) don nuna al'ummomi da yankunan yammacin Carthage ciki har da dukan arewacin Aljeriya har zuwa kogin Mulucha (Muluya), kimanin kilomita 100 mi. yammacin Oran.
Numidians sun ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu masu girma: Massylii a gabashin Numidia, da Masaesyli a yamma. A lokacin sashe na farko na Yaƙin Punic na Biyu, Massylii na gabas, ƙarƙashin sarkinsu Gala, sun haɗa kai da Carthage, yayin da Masaesyli na yamma, ƙarƙashin sarki Syphax, sun kasance tare da Roma. Masarautar Masaesyli da ke ƙarƙashin Syphax ta tashi daga kogin Moulouya zuwa Oued Rhumel. Duk da haka, a cikin 206 BC, sabon sarkin Massylii na gabas, Masinissa, ya haɗa kansa da Roma, kuma Syphax na Masaesyli ya canza mubaya'arsa zuwa bangaren Carthaginian. A ƙarshen yaƙin, Romawa masu nasara sun ba da dukan Numidia ga Masinissa na Massylii. A lokacin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 148 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, yankin Masinissa ya tashi daga Moulouya zuwa iyakar yankin Carthaginian, da kuma kudu maso gabas har zuwa Cyrenaica har zuwa gabar tekun Sirte, ta yadda Numidia ta kewaye Carthage gaba daya (Appian, Punica, 106). sai dai wajen teku. Bugu da ƙari, bayan kama Syphax sarki a zamanin yau Maroko tare da babban birninta a Tingis, Bokkar, ya zama vassal na Massinissa. Massinissa ya kuma kutsa har zuwa kudu bayan Atlas zuwa Gaetuli kuma Fezzan yana cikin yankinsa.
A cikin 179 BC Masinissa ya sami kambu na zinariya daga mazaunan Delos yayin da ya ba su kayan abinci. An kafa wani mutum-mutumi na Masinissa a Delos don girmama shi da kuma wani rubutu da wani ɗan ƙasar Rhodes ya keɓe masa a Delos. 'Ya'yansa maza kuma sun gina gunkinsa a tsibirin Delos kuma Sarkin Bitiniya, Nikodedes, ya keɓe wani mutum-mutumi ga Masinissa.
Bayan mutuwar Masinisa mai tsayi a kusa da 148 BC, dansa Micipsa ne ya gaje shi. Lokacin da Micipsa ya mutu a shekara ta 118 BC, ’ya’yansa biyu Hiempsal I da Aderbal da shege jikan Masinissa, Jugurtha, suka gaje shi tare da juna. Hiempsal da Jugurtha sun yi jayayya nan da nan bayan mutuwar Micipsa. Jugurtha ya kashe Hiempsal, wanda ya kai ga bude yaki da Aherbal.
Asia Abdelmajid
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Asiya Mohammed Tom Taher Al-Katiabi a Omdurman, Sudan a 1943 ga Batoul Mohammed Ahmed Al-Sheikh Al-Jali. Iyalan Al-Katiabi sun gabatar wa Sudan da waƙoƙi da dama kamar su Mawaki Al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir da Dan uwanta Abdulmajid ne ya rene ta, wanda kamar mahaifinta na biyu ne, ta saka sunansa a matsayin na mahaifi.
Asiya ta yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta Abdel Moneim da ke birnin Khartoum, sannan ta yi karatu a makarantar Middle School ta Karry. A shekarar 1959 ta shiga Kwalejin Malamai da ke Omdurman, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a wannan kwaleji bayan ta kammala a 1962. Asiya ta tafi ƙasar Masar a cikin 1968 don yin karatu a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Alkahira, a Sashen Mukaddashin, kuma ta kammala a 1972. Ita ce kan gaba a rukuninta da suka haɗa da Ahmed Zaki,, , , dad. Ta sami digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Ilimin Larabci da Ci Gaban Karatu a Khartoum, kuma a lokacin karatunta a Alkahira, ta shiga cikin ƙaramin aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo "Al-Bakashin" a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Khiam wanda Farid Shawqi ya fito acikin shirin.
Sana'a
Asiya tana son wasan kwaikwayo tun kuruciyarta lokacin da take yin labaran litattafai na matakin farko. A Makarantar Karry, ta shiga ƙungiyar riko a ƙarƙashin Farfesa Buthaina Khaled, don gabatar da ƙwararrun wasan kwaikwayo na Larabci da na duniya kamar Shajar al-Durr, Cleopatra da Cinderella. A wasu lokuta takan taka rawar maza a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Asiya ta samu sha'awar Farfesa Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim wadda ta rubuta labarinta a mujallar Muryar Mata.
Lokacin da Sudan TV ta fara aiki a shekara ta 1963, Asiya tana shiga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Helmy Ibrahim da sauransu. Bugu da kari, ta kasance cikin shirin Ramadan tare da Al-Fadl Saeed [ar] wanda aka gabatar kai tsaye. An yi jerin shirye-shiryen kyauta tsawon shekaru biyu a jere saboda babu kasafin kudi.
Petrolina
Asali
Wanda a da ake kira Passagem de Juazeiro (lit. 'Passage of Juazeiro'), babu wani labari guda daya bayyana asalin sunan Petrolina. Ɗaya daga cikin ka'idar ita ce sunan yana cikin girmamawar sarki Pedro I na Brazil da abokinsa Leopoldina, yayin da wani ya ce Petrolina an kira shi ne don 'kyakkyawan dutse' (Portuguese: Pedra Linda) da aka samu a kan bankunan São Francisco.
Asia Abdelmajid
Sana'a
A shekarar 1965, a bikin cika shekara guda da juyin juya halin Oktoba, ta gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo Pamseeka, wanda shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na farko da aka nuna a dandalin sabon matakin kasa a Omdurman. Ta taka rawar gani kuma ƴan jaridu suna kiranta "'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko ta Sudan"
Petrolina
Tarihi
Haɓakar Petrolina da tagwayen garin Juazeiro a ƙarshen karni na 20 shine sakamakon gina madatsar ruwa ta Sobradinho da wadatar ruwa don ban ruwa a cikin waɗannan ƙasa mara kyau. Watakila yankin shi ne kadai a cikin yankin Arewa maso Gabas da ya samu yawan jama'a ta hanyar hijira. Yayin da yawan jama'a a jihohin Pernambuco da Bahia gaba ɗaya ya karu da kashi 50.1 cikin ɗari tsakanin 1970 zuwa 1990, ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu a Petrolina-Juazeiro. Shekaru da yawa tattalin arzikin kwarin São Francisco ya dogara ne akan yawan kiwo da noman abinci.
Asia Abdelmajid
Mutuwa
Asiya ta mutu a yammacin ranar 3 ga watan Mayu, 2023, sakamakon raunukan da ta samu bayan wani harsashi da ya biyo ta cikin gidanta da ke birnin Khartoum sakamakon rikicin da ya ɓarke a Sudan wanda ya fara a ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu, 2023 tsakanin Sojoji na Sudan da kuma Rapid Support Force.
Petrolina
Tarihi
Tun daga shekarun 1960 tare da manufofin raya kasa da gwamnati ta aiwatar, nan da nan kwarin ya zama mai cin gajiyar muhimman jari don ci gaban tattalin arziki, an fassara shi zuwa gina manyan hanyoyi, kara karfin wutar lantarki, inganta tsarin tsaftar muhalli da dai sauransu. Zuba jarin da aka yi a fannin noma tare da dasa sassan ban ruwa na Bebedouro da Senador Nilo Coelho, wanda hakan ya sa aka kafa masana’antun da ke da alaka da cibiyar noman yankin, musamman masu sana’ar tumatur, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, masaku da sauransu. Noma ya bunkasa ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle tare da noman ban ruwa shine babban hanyar samun kudin shiga da ayyukan yi a Petrolina. Cibiyar Petrolina-Juazeiro ta zama mai samar da amfanin gona iri-iri da aka yi ban ruwa, da suka hada da inabin tebur da mangwaro da jiragen dakon kaya ke sayarwa kasashen Turai da Amurka, da sauran amfanin gona ga kasuwannin cikin gida, ciki har da ayaba. , kwakwa, guavas, passion fruit, kankana, tumatir masana'antu, kankana da albasa, da sauransu. Sakamakon ban ruwa, masu noman Petrolina-Juazeiro suna samar da kashi 90% na abubuwan da kasar ke fitarwa na mangwaro da kuma kashi 30% na inabin tebur, lamarin da ya raba jihohin São Paulo da Rio Grande do Sul a matsayin wadanda suka fi fitar da wadannan kayayyakin.
Asia Abdelmajid
Mutuwa
An binne ta cikin sa'o'i kadan da harbe-harbe a filin kindergarten da take aiki, saboda yana da hadari a kai ta makabarta a lokacin da ake tsaka da gwabza yaƙin.
Elsah Il
Elsah IlWani birni ne a cikin yankin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Kungiyar Kariya Ta Duniya
Kungiyar Kariya ta Duniya (PI) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta duniya wacce aka keɓe don kare masu kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam (HRDs). Manufarta ta bayyana shi ne dan inganta tsaro da kariya daga "'yan kungiyar farar hula da aka yi wa barazana da hanyoyin da ba na tashin hankali ba, musamman ma wadanda ke gwagwarmayar neman hakkokinsu da na wasu kamar yadda dokar jin kai ta duniya da ta' yancin dan adam ta tabbatar da su. taro ".
Kungiyar Kare Kariya ta fara ayyukanta a shekarata 1998 a matsayin tsohon Ofishin Turai na Peace Brigades International (PBI-BEO) kuma tana da hedikwata a Brussels. Tama Yin aiki a kan ka'idar cewa "masu kare hakkin dan'adam suna daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan da ke yaki da rashin hukunci da sunan adalci", PI tana gudanar da ayyukan filaye a kasashe da dama ( Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo, Uganda, Nepal, Thailand, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras ) da yankuna masu fama da rikici kamar Gabas da kusurwar Afirka tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi masu haɗin gwiwa na cikin gida.
Tana bai wa masu kare hakkin dan Adam (watau kungiyoyin kwadago, 'yan jarida, ' yan madigo, 'yan luwadi, masu jinsi biyu da masu kare kansu, mambobin kungiyoyin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, da sauransu) horo, ilimi da kayan aiki, kamar Dokar Kariya ga Masu Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ", don samar da matakan kariya a cikin aikinsu tare da basu damar "kare dukkan haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam".  Kungiyar kare hakkin dan'adam ta kasa da kasa tana da niyyar tattara jama'ar kasa da na duniya (majalisu, gwamnatoci, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kafofin yada labarai da ra'ayoyin jama'a ).
Tarihi
A shekarata 1998, ta shirya sauraro a zauren Majalisar Tarayyar Turai inda masu kare hakkin dan'Adam daga kasashen Colombia da Guatemala suka halarta. Tun daga wannan lokacin, PI na tallafawa ci gaba da aiwatar da "sabbin dabaru da kayan aiki don kariya ga HRDs ta hanyar inganta dabarun tsaro nasu, don haka kuma ba su damar inganta kariyar wasu" (ƙungiyoyin da abin ya shafa, shaidu, Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu al'ummomi, matan HRD's, LGBTI, da sauransu).
Daga shekarata 1999 zuwa shekarata 2002, PI ta shirya taron karawa juna sani game da Dabarun Lura da Kasashen Duniya don kungiyoyin INGOs da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a duk Turai. A lokaci guda, ana gudanar da ayyukan horo kan tsaro da kariya na HRD a cikin kasashe sama da ashirin (a tsakanin wasu, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Honduras, Bolivia, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Uganda, Kenya, Ingushetia, Serbia, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, India da Thailand ).
Daga shekarar 2004, kungiyar ta ƙaddamar da ayyukan gajere da na dogon lokaci a cikin Asiya, Afirka da Latin Amurka. Abin lura, ya buɗe a cikin shekarata 2006 na farko #Protection Desks a Nepal, wanda shine tsari na gari na dindindin wanda makasudin sa shine bincika barazanar da ke tattare da haƙƙin ɗan adam, horar da ƙungiyoyin masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na cikin gida da kuma lura da ayyukansu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an bude teburin #Protection a kasashen Colombia, Guatemala, Uganda da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo.
A cikin shekarata 2009, PI kuma ta bayar da rahotonta na shekara-shekara na farko wanda ke wakiltar "shekarun kwarewa a cikin kariya ta filin".
Manufofi
A magana gabaɗaya, manufar kungiyar Kariya ta Duniya ita ce "ba da gudummawa don tabbatar da cika alkawurra na ƙasa da ƙasa don kare masu kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam - mutanen da, ɗayansu ko kuma tare da wasu, suke ɗaukar matakai don haɓaka ko kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam". A ƙarshe yana mai da hankali kan manufofi biyu :
A cikin kowane aiki, Layin Kariya yana bin ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya a cikin dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya da musamman Sanarwar Majalisar oninkin Duniya kan Masu Kare 'Yancin Dan Adam (1998), Sharuɗɗan EU game da HRD da Ka'idodin Jagora na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ga' Yan Gudun Hijira ( Ka'idodin Deng ).
Yayinda yake sanya fifikon inganta ingantattun masu kare hakkin bil'adama game da kula da tsaro, kariya da kuma koyar da ilimin halayyar dan'adam, da kansu da kuma wadanda suka amfana da aikinsu, shirin Kariya na Duniya na PI shima ya maida hankali ne kan ayyukan siyasa da shawarwari, domin hukumomin kasa da na kasa da kasa da sauran manyan masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin lamuran kariya suna aiwatar da ayyukansu dangane da kariya ga masu kare hakkin dan adam.
Aikin Kariya na Duniya
Dangane da gabatarwar shekara-shekara ta 2008, rawar International ba ta "maye gurbin gwamnatoci" a cikin nauyin da ke kansu na kare masu kare hakkin bil'adama ba amma don "ba da shawara ga masu karewa kan inganta tsaronsu ta bin hanyoyin da aka gwada-da-gwaji" da kuma haɓaka aikin da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da cibiyoyin duniya ke yi a wannan fagen. Sabili da haka, PI yana ɗaukar fannoni da yawa na ayyuka :
Teburin Kariya
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, Kungiyar Kare Kariyar Kasa da Kasa ta karkata akalarta zuwa saiti da cigaba na asali da kuma dogon zango : teburin kariya (PDs). PDs tsari ne na dindindin wanda ke baiwa masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sani da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci don fifita batutuwan tsaro da kariya a cikin shirin su na aiki (watau : a cikin jarida ko ƙungiyar kwadago) kuma don haɓaka nasu tsarin tsaro dangane da horon da masu horar da PI suka bayar a filin. An haɓaka PDs tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke aiki a cikin ƙasar da aka yi niyya da ƙungiyoyin abokan tarayya na cikin gida. An buɗe Teburin Kariyar farko a Nepal a cikin shekarata 2006 kuma ya yi aiki tare da "ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na NGO a yankuna masu rikici tare da ƙananan kabilu, waɗanda abin ya shafa da kwamitocin al'umma da kan batutuwan da suka shafi tsaro kamar fataucin mutane". Tun daga wannan lokacin, International Protection ta bunkasa sosai kuma ta buɗe sabon PD a cikin Uganda, Colombia, Guatemala da Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyar Congo. Haka kuma, kungiyar na shirye-shiryen kafa sabon Teburin Kariya a Thaïland wanda ya kamata ya kasance mai aiki a kasashe daban-daban na yankin, daga Pakistan zuwa Indonesia.
Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
A shekara ta 2004, Kungiyar Kare Kariya ta kasa da kasa ta jagoranci aikin lura a DRC kuma ta shirya tarurrukan karawa juna sani guda biyu kan Jagororin EU akan HRDs. Daga shekarata 2006 har zuwa shekarata 2007, ya ci gaba tare da horar da masu kare su: daga cikin wadanda suka amfana, akwai kungiyoyi 185 na kungiyoyin farar hula da suka fito daga yankuna 13 na rikici. Tare da wannan, Kungiyar Kare Kariya ta kasa da kasa ta bunkasa ayyukan bayar da shawarwari na yau da kullun don inganta kariya ga HRDs, galibi ana nufin ofisoshin jakadancin Turai, da MONUC da kuma masu ruwa da tsaki na kasa da na cikin gida, musamman wadanda ke da hannu a sake fasalin bangaren shari'ar Congo.
A watan Yulin shekarata 2006, PI ta shirya wani taro tare da 30 Congo HRDs, Michael Matthiessen, Javier Solana 's sirri wakilin domin yancin yan Adam da kuma wahala ' s Special Duniya, Reine Alapini. A shekarata 2006, PI ta samar da "Les armes de l'impunité" ("Makamai na Rashin Hukunci"), shirin fim wanda ya ba da labarin kisan Pascal Kabungulu, wani mai kare haƙƙin bil'adama na ƙasar Kwango, wanda ya yi aiki a "Ligue des Droits de l'Homme dans la Région des Grands Lacs "(kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Babban Lakes) da NGOungiyar Furotesta ta" Héritiers de la Justice "(Magadan Adalci), kuma suna yin tir da tsoratar da kai tsaye ko cin zarafin zahiri ga masu kare waɗanda suka yi rubuce-rubucen cin zarafin da aka yi yakin Congo na biyu.
A watan Mayun na shekarata 2009, Kungiyar Kare Kariya ta nemi a sake yi masa shari'ar Maheshe. Serge Maheshe dan jaridar Kwango ne da ke aiki da Rediyon Okapi, rediyon da Monuc ke tallafawa, wanda aka kashe a Bukavu a watan Yunin na shekarata 2007. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta International, shari'ar "wacce ta gudana a gaban Sojojin da ke Bukavu a matakin farko da kuma daukaka kara, ba ta mutunta ka'idojin adalci da adalci ba ballantana a kai ga bayyanar da gaskiya. Duk da wannan, an yankewa farar hula uku hukuncin kisa a cikin Mayu 2008 ". kungiyarta sake bayyana duk abin da aka gani game da shari'ar ɗaukaka ƙara a cikin cikakken rahoto mai taken Rapport d'observation du procès d'appel «Maheshe» devant la cour militaire du Sud-Kivu (RD Congo) da kuma suivi des recours. 'Yar jaridar Beljiyam Colette Braeckman, kwararriyar DRC ce ta dauki nauyin aikin da kiran sake-jarrabawa da sake fitinar, "duk sun fi dacewa kamar Didace Namujimbo, wani dan jarida daga Bukavu wanda shi ma ya yi aiki da Monuc— wanda bai dauki wani mataki na farar hula ba ga duk wadanda suka bayar da gudummawar nasa - an kashe shi a irin wannan yanayi a shekarar 2008 ".
Duba kuma
Masu kare hakkin dan adam
Bayanan kula
a. ^ Wannan kudurin ya yi la’akari da kirkirar wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Musamman na Sakatare Janar a kan masu kare hakkin Dan-Adam (wanda Hina Jilani ke zaune a lokacin, wanda Margaret Sekaggya ta gaje ta a shekarar 2008) a matsayin “babbar nasara ga dukkan mutanen da ke yakar kowace rana don aiwatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam "kuma sun gane cewa masu kare haƙƙin bil'adama" a ƙasashe da yawa sun fi fuskantar cin zarafi saboda ayyukansu, [...] suna buƙatar kariya daga al'ummomin duniya ".
Opah Clement
Opah Clement Tukumbuke Sanga (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya wanda ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Beşiktaş ta Turkiyya, aro daga ƙungiyar Simba Queens ta Tanzaniya, da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta Tanzaniya.
Tarihin Laberiya
Laberiya kasa ce da ke yammacin Afirka da aka kafa ta mutane masu launi daga Amurka. Kungiyar Bakar Mulki ta Amirka ce ta ba da tallafi da kuma shirya ƙaura na Ba-Amurkan Amirka, na kyauta. Adadin mace-mace na waɗannan matsugunan ya kasance mafi girma a cikin ƙauyuka da aka ruwaito tare da rikodin zamani. Daga cikin bakin haure kusan kimanin 4,571 da suka isa Laberiya tsakanin shekarar 1820 zuwa shekarar 1843, mutane 1,819 ne kawai suka tsira (39.8%).
Opah Clement
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Clement ya buga wa tawagar Tanzaniya 'yan kasa da shekara 20 wasa. Clement ta fara taka leda a tawagar kasar Tanzaniya yayin gasar COSAFA ta mata ta shekarar 2020.
Tarihin Laberiya
A shekara ta 1846, bakar fata na farko gwamnan Laberiya, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, ya bukaci majalisar dokokin Liberiya da ta ayyana 'yancin kai, amma ta hanyar da za ta ba su damar ci gaba da tuntuɓar ACS. Majalisar ta yi kira da a gudanar da zaben raba gardama, inda 'yan kasar Laberiya suka zabi 'yancin kai. A ranar 26 ga Yuli, shekara ta 1847, ƙungiyar masu rattaba hannu ta goma sha ɗaya ta ayyana Laberiya a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. ACS da gwamnatocin jahohin arewa da dama da ɓangarorin mulkin mallaka sun ci gaba da ba da kuɗi da tallafi har zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 1870s. Gwamnatin Amurka ta ƙi yin aiki bisa buƙatun ACS na mayar da Laberiya ta zama mulkin mallaka na Amurka ko kuma ta kafa wata hukuma ta musamman a kan Laberiya, amma ta yi amfani da "kariyar ɗabi'a" akan Laberiya, tana shiga tsakani lokacin da barazana ta bayyana ga fadada yankunan Laberiya ko ikon mallakar ƙasa. Bayan 'yancin kai na Laberiya, an zabi Roberts a matsayin shugaban farko na Laberiya.
Gelson Dala
Jacinto Muondo “Gelson” Dala (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Yulin shekarata 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Angola wanda ke taka leda a Al-Wakrah a cikin Gasar Taurari ta Qatar a kan aro daga kulob din Rio Ave na Portugal. Zai iya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya ko a gaba.
Tarihin Laberiya
Laberiya ta ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai a duk lokacin da turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa Afirka a karshen karni na 19, yayin da ta ci gaba da zama a fagen tasirin Amurka. Shugaba William Howard Taft ya bama Amirka goyon bayan da ke ba Laberiya a matsayin fifiko a manufofinsa na ketare. Tun daga shekarar 1920, tattalin arzikin ya mayar da hankali ne kan cin gajiyar albarkatun kasa. Masana'antar roba, musamman Kamfanin Firestone, ya mamaye tattalin arzikin. Har zuwa 1980, 'ya'yan asalin Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ne ke sarrafa Laberiya ta hanyar siyasa, waɗanda aka sani tare da Americo-Liberian, waɗanda suka ƙunshi ƴan tsiraru na jama'a. Mummunan hambarar da gwamnatin Americo-Liberia a waccan shekarar ya haifar da yakin basasa guda biyu da ya lalata kasar, na farko daga 1989 zuwa 1997 da na biyu daga 1999 zuwa 2003.
Gelson Dala
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
An haife shi a Luanda, Gelson ya fara aikinsa da CD Primeiro de Agosto na gida. A cikin watan Yulin 2015, an ba da rahoton cewa SL Benfica ta Portugal ta neme shi. Ya zira kwallaye 23 a wasanni 27 yayin da kungiyarsa ta lashe Girabola a 2016, kuma daga baya shi da abokin wasansa Ary Papel sun rattaba hannu kan kungiyar Sporting Clube de Portugal kan kudaden da ba a bayyana ba kan kwangiloli tare da sakin yuro miliyan 60.
Al'ummar Afirka
Kasashen waje na Afirka shine tarin al'ummomin duniya da suka fito daga 'yan asalin Afirka ko kuma mutanen Afirka, dake cikin Amurka. Kalmar da aka fi sani da zuriyar Yammacin Afirka ta Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka waɗanda aka bautar da su zuwa Amurka ta hanyar cinikin bayin Atlantika tsakanin ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19, tare da mafi yawan jama'a a kasar Brazil, Amurka, da Haiti. Duk da haka, ana iya amfani da kalmar don yin nuni ga zuriyar 'yan Arewacin Afirka waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa wasu sassan duniya. Wasu  "hanyoyi huɗu na zagayawa" na wannan ƙaura daga Afirka. Kalmomin ƴan ƙasashen Afirka a hankali sun shiga amfani da su a hankali a farkon ƙarni na 21. Kalmar waje ta samo asali daga Girkanci διασπορά ( diaspora, a zahiri "watsawa") wanda ya sami karbuwa a cikin Ingilishi dangane da ƙaurawar Yahudawa kafin a yi amfani da shi ga sauran jama'a.
Gelson Dala
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
Bayan ya isa Lisbon a cikin watan Janairun 2017, Gelson Dala ya fara buga wasa a Sporting B a LigaPro a ranar 15 ga Janairu, yayi wasan da cikakkun 90 mintuna na nasarar 4-0 a Portimonense. Bayan kwana takwas ya zira kwallon farko, inda ya bude 1-1 a gida ƙunnen doki tare da SC Covilhã. Ya zira kwallaye 13 a cikin wasanni 17 a farkon kakar wasa a gasar, ciki har da hudu a 2 Afrilu a 5-1 nasara akan SC Olhanense. An fara kiran shi zuwa babban tawagar Jorge Jesus a wasan Primeira Liga a CD Feirense a ranar 13 ga Mayu, ya rage ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin rashin nasara da ci 2-1, amma ya fara buga wasansa na farko bayan kwanaki takwas a wasan karshe na gasar. kakar, maye gurbin sunan Gelson Martins a ƙarshen nasarar 4-1 akan GD Chaves a Estádio José Alvalade.
Al'ummar Afirka
Mafi ƙanƙanta, an yi amfani da kalmar a cikin malanta don komawa zuwa ƙaura na baya-bayan nan daga yankin Saharar Afirka. Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) ta ayyana kasashen Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje da cewa sun kunshi: ‘yan asalin Afirka da ke zaune a wajen nahiyar, ba tare da la’akari da ‘yan kasar ba, kuma masu son bayar da gudummawar ci gaban nahiyar da gina kungiyar tarayyar Afrika. ". Dokar da ta kafa ta bayyana cewa za ta "gayyata tare da karfafa cikakken hadin kai na mazauna kasashen Afirka a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na nahiyarmu, wajen gina kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka".
Watsewa ta hanyar cinikin bayi
Yawancin ƴan ƙasashen waje na Nahiyar Afirka sun bazama a ko'ina cikin Amurka, Turai, da Asiya a lokacin cinikin bayi a Tekun Atlantika, Trans-Saharan da Tekun Indiya. Tun daga karni na 8, Larabawa sun kwashe bayi na Afirka daga tsakiya da gabashin nahiyar Afirka (inda ake kira Zanj ) suna sayar da su zuwa kasuwanni a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Indiyawan Indiya, da Gabas Mai Nisa. Tun daga karni na 15, Turawa suka kama ko siyan bayi daga Afirka ta Yamma suka kawo su Amurka da Turai. Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantic ya ƙare a karni na 19. Watsewar ta hanyar cinikin bayi na wakiltar ƙaura mafi girma a tarihin ɗan adam. Tasirin tattalin arziki a nahiyar Afirka ya yi muni sosai, yayin da aka kwashe tsararraki na matasa daga cikin al'ummominsu da kuma tashe-tashen hankula. Wasu al'ummomi da zuriyar bayin Afirka suka kafa a Amurka, Turai, da Asiya sun rayu har zuwa yau. A wasu lokuta, ’yan asalin Afirka sun yi aure da ’yan Afirka da ba na asali ba, kuma zuriyarsu ta shiga cikin al’ummar yankin.
Gelson Dala
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
Komawa cikin ajiyar da aka yi a ranar 30 Satumban 2017, Gelson ya ci kwallaye uku a cikin nasarar gida 4-3 akan CD Santa Clara.
Ayyukan kasa
Gelson ya fara buga wa Angola wasa na farko a duniya a ranar 13 ga watan Yunin 2015 a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2017 da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya a Estádio Nacional da Tundavala, inda ya ci biyu a ci 4-0. A ranar 4 ga Yuli, ya zura kwallaye biyun biyu a wasan da suka doke Swaziland a Luanda inda suka yi nasara da ci 4-2 a jumulla a zagayen farko na neman shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka na 2016.
Girmamawa
Angola
Wasan shandado
Shandado wasa ne da ake gudunar dashi a fage. Fage fili ne da ake zuwa ayo wasani na wargi, idan aka aiki yaro,ko aka sa shi kiwo ya kiya ko ya yado busashe, ana sa mayan fage suyi masa hukunci. Idan kaka tayi za'a tara jama'a sai a fidda sarkin dado,za'a tara makada,samari da yan mata, yan mata zasuyi girki,su daka fura, suyi dambu,su tatsi nono daga busashe.Yan garuruwa da yawa makusanta sukan zo(akan yi wasan da dare).Idan gari y waye yan gari sai su dauki baki su kai gidajensu su basu abinci,fura,dambu da nono,idan yamma tayi baki zasu koma garuruwansu,sai a yanke kaji a soye da goro a basu su tafi dasu.Ana yin wasan duk shekara.Idan yan wani gari suma sukaje wasan shan dado a garin da aka gayyacesu sukan linka masu garan da suka basu.
Enekia Lunyamila
Enekia Kasonga Lunyamila (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2002) ƙwararriyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Tanzaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga AUSFAZ a cikin Ƙwararrun Mata na Maroko, kuma ga ƙungiyar mata ta Tanzaniya.
Tarihin Laberiya
Tarihin Farko (kafin-1821)
Masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa yawancin ƴan asalin ƙasar Laberiya sun yi hijra zuwa gabas tsakanin ƙarni na 12 zuwa 16 miladiyya. Masu binciken Kasar Portuguese sun kafa hulɗa da mutanen ƙasar daga baya aka sani da "Liberia" a farkon shekarar 1462. Sun sanya wa yankin suna Costa da Pimenta ( Pepper Coast ), ko Tekun hatsi, saboda yawan barkono na melegueta, wanda ya zama abin so a dafa abinci na Turai.
A shekarar 1602 mutanen Holland sun kafa wurin kasuwanci a Grand Cape Mount amma sun lalata shi bayan shekara guda. A shekarar 1663, Ingilishi ya kafa ƴan wuraren kasuwanci a Tekun Pepper. Ba a sami ƙarin sanannun ƙauyuka da Turawa suka yi ba har zuwa 1821 na baƙar fata masu 'yanci daga Amurka.
Emden Il
Emden IlWani birni ne a cikin yankin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Nabil Lasmari
Nabil Lasmari (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu 1978) tsohon ɗan wasan badminton ne na Faransa- Algeriya. A Faransa, ya buga wa Roubaix wasa, ya lashe gasar zakarun kasa na maza guda hudu a shekarun 1998, 2000, 2002 da 2004. Yayin da yake wakiltar Aljeriya, Lasmari ya lashe gasar cin kofin Afrika a shekarun 2006 da 2007, da kuma 2007 All-Africa Games. Ya halarci gasar Olympics ta shekarar 2008 a birnin Beijing na kasar Sin. Yanzu yana aiki a matsayin koci a kulob din Chantecler a Bordeaux, Faransa.
Wasannin Afirka duka (All-African Games)
Men's singles
Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka
Men's singles Men's doubles Mixed doubles
BWF International Challenge/Series
Men's singles Men's doubles Mixed doubles
Wasan shandado
Yadda ake gudanar da wasan
Idan ana gudanar da shandado ana sa lema,bara,alkali da sarauniya,akan bi hanyoyin da lema,bara,alkali da sarauniya ke biyowa a nome ta tas ba haki idan damina tazo,duk saurayi ko budurwar da bata zo ba sai a tada lema da bara suje su taho da shi/ita,akwai kuma shuwagabannin fage da suke zaune bakin bishiya suna lura da kowa,idan an shiga gida to hadari ne ya taso,anan za'a kwana duka(samari da yanmata)cikin gonakai.
Bakin kalmomi
1.Fage na nufin fili
2.busashe na nufin dabbobi
3.lema na nufin dan aike
4.bara na nufin yar aike
5.alkali na nufin mai Yanke hukunci
6.haki na nufin ciyawa
Enekia Lunyamila
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Kasonga ta buga wa tawagar mata ta Tanzaniya a lokacin gasar COSAFA ta mata ta shekarar 2020 da gasar COSAFA ta mata ta shekarar 2021. Ta ci kwallo daya tilo, kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasan karshe na shekarar 2021 da Malawi don taimakawa Tanzaniya lashe gasar a karon farko a tarihinta.
Jami'ar Harvard
Harvard Jami'a ce mai zaman kanta dake Cambridge, Massachusetts a Amurka. An kirkireta a 1634 inda ake kiranta da kolegin Harvard Examples include: Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard's professional schools... won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. [...] Harvard's age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes. Spaulding, Christina (1989). "Sexual Shakedown". In Trumpbour, John (ed.). How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. pp. 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. ... [Harvard's] tremendous institutional power and prestige [...] Within the nation's (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning ... David Altaner (March 9, 2011). "Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2012. Collier's Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world's most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636. Newport, Frank (August 26, 2003). "Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place". Gallup. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013. Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2006). "Ending Early Admissions: Guess Who Wins?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020. The most prestigious college in the world, of course, is Harvard, and the gap between it and every other university is often underestimated. Hoerr, John (1997). We Can't Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard. Temple University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781566395359. Wong, Alia (September 11, 2018). "At Private Colleges, Students Pay for Prestige". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2020. Americans tend to think of colleges as falling somewhere on a vast hierarchy based largely on their status and brand recognition. At the top are the Harvards and the Stanfords, with their celebrated faculty, groundbreaking research, and perfectly manicured quads.
Enekia Lunyamila
Girmamawa
Tanzaniya
Mutum
Vitalina Bibliv
Vitalina Nikolaevna Bibliv (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoban, 1980, Vasilkov, Kiev yankin, Ukrainian SSR ) ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ukraine, jarumar fina-finai kuma ‘yar wasan talabijin. Wacce ta lashe lambar yabo ta Yula National Prize (2019), Jaruma da aka karrama a Ukraine (2020).
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Vitalina Bibliv a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoban, 1980, a birnin Vasilkov, Kyiv yankin.
Malamin makaranta Inna Pushkareva ya taimaka mata wajen zabar wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin sana'a. A ranar Malamai a aji na tara, an umurci Vitalina da ta taka rawa a matsayin Verka Serduchka. Duk da tana shakka, malamin ya kara mata karfin gwiwakwarjininta.
Bayan ta kammala makaranta, Vitalina tayi karatu a Makarantar Al’adu. A cikin wata hira, ta ayyana cewa tun tana makaranta ta yi mafarkin zama ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo sannan kuma tayi aiki a circus.
A cikin 2003-2004 ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Kyiv Free Stage Theater. Daga 2003 zuwa 2008 ta yi aiki a matsayin jarumar fim a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kyiv "Atelier 16". Tun a shekara ta 2008 - a makarantar Kiev Academic Theater mai suna “Golden Gate", yayin da tayi aiki tare da Kyiv Academic Young Theater, wajen samar da hukumar "TE-ART". A shekara ta 2015, Vitalina Bibliv ta zama ‘yar wasan a gidan wasa, tana taka rawa a matsayin Glory a cikin wasan kwaikwayon "Stalkers" na Stas Zhirkov. Fitowarta sinima a karo na farko ya faru a shekara ta 2004 - wani rawa da ta taka a jerin wasan TV mai suna "So Makãho" wanda Nikolai Kaftan ya jagoranta. Masu sukar sun ba da kulawa ta musamman ga fim ɗin Waƙar Waƙoƙi (fim ɗin 2015) wanda Eva Neymann ya jagoranta, inda Vitalina ta fito a matsayin mahaifiya Bayahudiya. Ana ganin shirin a a matsayin fim mafi kyawu a Turai (2012), fim mafi kyawun fim na gasar kasa da kasa na cikin gida na Odessa International Film Festival (2015).
Tana koyarwa a Kwalejin Al'adu da Fasaha ta Kyiv, kuma tana zama kuma tana aiki a Kyiv.
Kyiv Academic Theatre "Golden Gate"
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo "Atelier 16"
Manazarta
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Elvaston Il
Elvaston IlWani birni ne a cikin yankin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Emington Il
Emington IlWani birni ne a cikin yankin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka
Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria
Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria (NPN) ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).
Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN
Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin Najeriya bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi da Janar Yakubu Gowon suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirin kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin dimokuradiyya, kungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulki don sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattauna tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1978, aka kafa jam’iyyar National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta kunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta. A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar Joseph Tarka, tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma Remi Fani-Kayode, tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP. A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya-shiyya don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta zabi sabon shugabanta, Augustus Akinloye, dan kabilar Yarbawa kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaben dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.
Zabe
Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarar manyan zabuka biyu, na 1979 da na 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na majalisar dattawa da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan al'ummar Igbo, jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.
Moshood Abiola, wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. Adamu Ciroma, tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party.
Tsohon Carthage
Carthage ( / ˈkɑːr θ ɪ dʒ / ) ƙauye ne wanda da a yanzu aka fi sani da Tunisiya ta zamani wanda daga baya ta zama city-state sannan kuma daula. Phoenicians ne suka kafa ta a karni na tara BC, Carthage ya kai tsayinsa a karni na hudu BC a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya kuma tsakiyar daular Carthaginian, mai  iko a tsohuwar duniyar da ta mamaye yammacin duniya. Bahar Rum. Bayan Yaƙin Punic, Romawa sun lalata Carthage a cikin 146 BC, waɗanda daga baya kuma suka sake gina birnin ya mai kyau. An kafa Carthage a kusan shekara ta 814 BC ta hannun 'yan mulkin mallaka daga Tyre, babban birni na ƙasar Finisiya da ke cikin Lebanon ta yau. A karni na bakwai kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, bayan cin nasarar Finikiya da Daular Neo-Assuriya ta yi, Carthage ta zama mai cin gashin kanta, a hankali ta fadada mulkinta na tattalin arziki da siyasa a yammacin Bahar Rum. A shekara ta 300 BC, ta hanyar sarari na yankuna, vassals, da Satellite states, Carthage ta mallaki mafi girman yanki a yankin, gami da bakin tekun arewa maso yammacin Afirka, Kudancin Iberia (Spain, Portugal, da Gibraltar) da tsibiran Sicily, Sardinia., Corsica, Malta, da kuma tsibirin Balearic.
Daga cikin tsoffin biranen duniya mafi girma da mafi arziki, wurin dabarun Carthage ta ba da damar samun ƙasa mai albarka da manyan hanyoyin kasuwancin teku. Babban hanyar sadarwar ta ta kai har zuwa yammacin Asiya, yammacin Afirka da arewacin Turai, tana samar da kayayyaki iri-iri daga ko'ina cikin duniyar da ta gabata, baya ga fitar da kayan amfanin gona da kayayyaki masu tarin yawa. Wannan daular kasuwanci ta sami tsaro ta daya daga cikin manyan jiragen ruwa mafi girma da karfi a cikin tsohuwar tekun Mediterrenean, da kuma sojojin da suka hada da sojojin haya da mataimaka na kasashen waje, musamman Iberian, Balearics, Gauls, Birtaniyya, Sicilians, Italiya, Helenawa, Numidians da Libyans.
A matsayinta na mai babban iko na yammacin Bahar Rum, babu makawa Carthage ta shiga rikici da makwabta da abokan hamayya da yawa, daga 'yan asalin Berbers na Arewacin Afirka zuwa Jamhuriyar Roman ta asali. Bayan ƙarni na rikici tare da Sicilian Helenawa, haɓakar kasarsa tare da Roma ta ƙare a cikin Yaƙin Punic (264-146 BC), wanda ta ga wasu manyan yaƙe-yaƙe mafi girma kuma mafi girma a zamanin da. Carthage da kyar ta guje wa halaka bayan Yaƙin Punic na Biyu, kuma Romawa sun lalata su a cikin 146 BC bayan Yaƙin Punic na uku da na ƙarshe. Daga baya Romawa sun kafa sabon birni a wurinsa. Duk ragowar wayewar Carthaginian sun zo ƙarƙashin mulkin Romawa a ƙarni na farko AD, kuma daga baya Roma ta zama mai babban iko a Rum, wanda ta share hanyar tashi a matsayin babbar daula.
Duk da yanayin daularsa, al'adar Carthage da asalinta sun kasance da tushe a cikin al'adunta na Phoenician-Kanana, kodayake nau'ikan da aka fi sani da Punic. Kamar sauran mutanen Phoenician, al'ummarta ta kasance birni, kasuwanci, kuma ta karkata zuwa teku da kasuwanci; Ana bayyana wannan a wani bangare ta hanyar sanannun sabbin abubuwan da suka shahara, gami da samar da serial, gilashin mara launi, allon masussuka, da tashar jirgin ruwan cothon. Carthaginians sun shahara saboda bajintar kasuwanci, bincike, da tsarin gwamnati na musamman wanda ya haɗa abubuwa na dimokuradiyya, oligarchy, da jamhuriya, gami da misalan zamani na tantancewa da ma'auni. Duk da kasancewarta ɗaya daga cikin al'adun da suka fi tasiri a zamanin da, Carthage galibi ana tunawa da ita don dogon lokaci da rikici mai ɗaci da Roma, wanda ya yi barazanar haɓakar Jumhuriyar Roman kuma kusan canza yanayin wayewar Yammacin Turai. Saboda lalata kusan dukkanin rubutun Carthaginian bayan Yaƙin Punic na Uku, yawancin abin da aka sani game da wayewar sa ya fito ne daga tushen Roman da Girkanci, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun rubuta a lokacin ko bayan Yaƙin Punic, kuma zuwa digiri daban-daban an tsara su ta hanyar tashin hankali. Shahararru da halayen masana game da Carthage a tarihi sun nuna ra'ayin Greco-Roman da ta mamaye, kodayake binciken archaeological tun daga ƙarshen karni na 19 ya taimaka wajen ba da ƙarin haske da haɓaka kan wayewar Carthagin.
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Hanyoyi a Botswana
Botswana tana da hanyar sadarwa na tituna, masu inganci da iya aiki iri-iri, jimlar kusan 31747 km. Sauran waɗannan, 20000 km an shimfida (wannan ya haɗa da 134 km na manyan motoci. The reminder 11747 km darajar ba ta da kyau. Ana nuna nisan hanya a cikin kilomita kuma ana nuna iyakar saurin Botswana a cikin kilomita cikin sa'a (kph) ko ta amfani da alamar iyakar gudun ƙasa (NSL). Wasu nau'ikan abin hawa suna da matsakaicin matsakaicin iyaka daban-daban waɗanda aka tilasta su ta iyakokin gudu, misali manyan motoci.