cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Umar M Shareef
Umar M Shareef, fitaccen mawakin Hausa ne, na soyayya ko kuma na nanaye, sannan an sanshi a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo na masana'antar Kanywood. Umar M Shareef yana da kyakkyawar alaka da dukkan yan wasan kwaikwayon Hausa na Kanywood wanda ya samu lambar yabo daga bangare daban-daban.
Tarihi
An haifi jarumin a shekarar 1989 a karamar hukumar Igabi ta jihar Kaduna, shahararren mawakin Hausa ne sannan kuma jarumi ne a masana'antar kannywood wanda ya shahara a kasar Najeriya da sauran kasashen afrika. Jarumi kuma mawaki yana da mabiya a kasashe da dama a fadin duniya, Wanda a kullum burinsa bai wuce ya ga ya burgesu ba.
Karatu
Jarumin ya fara karatun Qur'ani tun yana karami a gida kafin ya shiga makarantar boko wacce izuwa yanzu ya kai matakin digiri wanda ya ke yi a Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna (KASU)
Wakoki
Asalin fara wakarsa ta dalilin wata yarinya da yake so amma ya kasa sanar mata har izuwa lokacin da ya yanke shawarar tinkararta amma sai bata fito ba hakan ya sa ya tafi yana rera waka. Jarumin ya jima yana waka amma taurarinsa ya fara haskawa ne a shekara ta 2007 sannan yayi wakoki da dama a bangare daban-daban na soyayya, siyasa, da wakokin biki da suka haɗa da;
Albums/Kundi
Sannan yanzu yayi albums da dama kamar su:
Haɗaka
Sannan yayi wakoki da mawaka da dama kamarsu;
Fina-finai
Ya fito a finafinai da dama kamarsu;
Bugu da kari mafi yawan fina-finansa ya fito ne a companin FKD wanda mallakin Ali Nuhu ne. Sannan shi ne mamallakin Shareef studio wanda sun shirya fina-finai kamar su
Karramawa
Jarumin ya sha karban kyautar karramawa da kyautar girmamawa da dama a fadin duniya daga kungiyoyi da dama kamar su
Da sauransu
Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya kasance daga cikin manyan jaruman da suka ziyarci sassa daban-daban na duniya. Jarumin ya ziyarci kasashe da dama wadda suka haɗa da : Niger, Ghana, Cameron, Chad, da sauransu.
Iyali
Umar M Shareef yana da mata daya Maryam da yara biyu jarumin da kuma Hafsat.
Sista Afia
Francisca Gawugah (Duncan Williams)  (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamban 1993) wadda aka sani da sunan Sista Afia, mawaƙiyar kasar Ghana ce kuma marubuciyar waƙa daga Accra. Ta samu karbuwa ne biyo bayan fitowar wakarta mai suna "Jeje", wacce ke dauke da zane-zane mai raye-raye na Shatta Wale da Afezi Perry.
Rayuwar farko da aiki
Sista Afia mawakiyar Afro-pop ce, kuma jika ga Bishop ɗan ƙasar Ghana Nicholas Duncan-Williams. Ta girma a Accra da Kumasi. Ta halarci Reverend John Teye Memorial Institute kafin ta koma Burtaniya don ci gaba da aikin jinya.
Sista Afia ta koma Ghana a shekarar 2015 domin fara harkar waka. Ta sami karbuwa daga mawaki Bisa Kdei kuma ta hada kai kan wakar ' Kro Kro No'.
Josephine Obiajulu Odumakin
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Odumakin a garin Zaria, Kaduna a ranar 4 ga watan Yulin 1966 kuma ta girma ne a gidan Roman Katolika.
Sista Afia
Rigima
Sista Afia ta shiga tsaka mai wuya tare da mawakiya Freda Rhymz bayan mai rera waka.
Josephine Obiajulu Odumakin
Ilimi
Ta samu digiri na farko a karatun Ingilishi a 1987, sannan ta yi digiri na biyu kan Jagora da Shawara da digirgir a fannin Tarihi da Manufofin Ilimi daga Jami'ar Ilorin.
Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu
Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu ita ce Uwargidan Gwamnan Jihar Legas kuma matar Babajide Sanwo-Olu.
Josephine Obiajulu Odumakin
Kunnawa da kamawa
An sha kama ta saboda gwagwarmayarta, an tsare ta sau 17 a lokacin mulkin soja na Ibrahim Babangida
Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu
Ayyuka
Sanwo-Olu ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a Jami’ar Lagos Akoka, Yaba campus, da MBBS, ta kuma ci gaba da samun takardar shaidar kammala digiri a Asibiti da Kula da Lafiya (PGDHM) da kuma Diploma a fannin Anesthesia (DA). Sannan tana da digiri na biyu a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a (MPH) da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin kasuwanci (MBA).
Josephine Obiajulu Odumakin
Kunnawa da kamawa
Tana da hannu a cikin shari'oi sama da 2,000 inda aka raina haƙƙin mace. Shari’ar ta hada da kisan ba gaira ba dalili da ‘yan sanda ke yi wa mata ko mazansu. Hakkin yaransu suma makarantar Najeriya ko kula da asibitocin sun yi watsi da su.
Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu
Ayyuka
Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu ya yi aiki da gwamnatin jihar Legas na tsawon shekaru 25, inda ta zama babban daraktan kula da lafiya kuma babban jami’in gudanarwa a cibiyar lafiya ta Harvey Road Comprehensive Health Centre da ke Yaba, kafin daga bisani a mayar da ta babban asibitin Somolu.
Josephine Obiajulu Odumakin
Nasarori
A shekarar 2013, an baiwa Odumakin lambar yabo ta mata na kasa da kasa daga Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka. Michelle Obama da John Kerry ne suka bayar da kyautar a babban dakin taro na Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Dean Acheson babban dakin bikin ranar mata ta duniya. A cikin shekarar 2019, Dokta Odumakin ya ba da horo ga mahalarta a Taron Bita na 10 na Civilungiyoyin Civilungiyoyin Professionalungiyoyin ,wararru, Inganci da Ciwo (CSO-CPET) mai taken Motsa Mata don Canji. Horon na shekara-shekara ne, kuma ana yinsa ne don haɓaka iyawa da haɓaka ƙwarewa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin fararen hula, haɓakawa da motsa halayen ɗabi'a a cikin harkokin kasuwancin CSOs da ƙirƙirar sabbin mafita ga ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.
Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu
Ayyuka
Ita ma mai fafutukar mata da yara ce.
Josephine Obiajulu Odumakin
Kungiya
Kasancewarsa babban darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin 'Yancin Dan Adam & Nazarin Dimokiradiyya; shugabar da ta kafa kungiyar Women Arise for Change Initiative; shugaban Task Force na kungiyar Citizen Forum; shugaban cibiyar canji a cigaban al'umma & wayar da kan jama'a; shugaban cibiyar sa hannun dimokiradiyya; kuma mai magana da yawun alungiyar Societyungiyoyin Civilungiyoyin Civilungiyoyin Jama'a a Nijeriya, an kuma san ta a matsayin jajirtaccen mayaƙa wanda ƙalubalen da ya ke nunawa game da cin zarafin ɗan Adam ya nuna ta ga mawuyacin abubuwan da ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin gwamnatocin da suka fi zalunci da Najeriya ta taɓa gani.
Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu
Rayuwa ta sirri
Dr. Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu ta auri Babajide Olusola Sanwo-Olu.
Josephine Obiajulu Odumakin
Iyali
Tana auren Yinka Odunmakin.
Arthur Banner
Arthur Banner (an haife shi a shekara ta 1918 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1980) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Filin jirgin saman Zinder
Filin jirgin saman Zinder filin jirgi ne dake a Zinder, babban birnin yankin Zinder, a ƙasar Nijar.
Selebobo
Selebobo (sunan haihuwa: Udoka Chigozie Oku) mawaƙin Nijeriya ne kuma marubucin wakoki. An haife shi a ran 29 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta 1992, a birnin Enugu.
Lumi (kudi)
Masarautun Afirka LUMI sabon kuɗi ne mai iyakacin ƙwarewa. An kafa ta a matsayin mai ba da izini na doka a cikin Dokar Bankin 2014 na Accompong, ƙauyen ƴan asalin ƙasar Jamaica, kuma Babban Bankin Solar Reserve Bank na Accompong ya ba wa jama'a a matsayin kudin Jihar Maroon Mai Girma tare da buga bayanan banki na zahiri. a Kanada. LUMI ta fito ne daga Ministan Kudi na lokacin kuma wanda ya kafa Gwamnan Bank of Accompong, HH Chief Timothy McPherson, injiniyan kudi na duniya wanda ya fito daga yankin Maroon mai sarauta na Sarauniya Nanny na Maroons a tsibirin Jamaica.
Kodayake AKL Lumi na farko an buga shi a cikin 2016  don amfani a cikin Accompong, tun daga 2020 an karɓi LUMI a matsayin kuɗin hukuma ta hukumomin gwamnati, gami da: Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Jihohi, Ƙasashe, Yankuna da Masarautun Yankin Afirka na 6th (ECO-6), Jahar ƴan Afirka, Ƙungiyar Masarautar Afirka, Ƙasar Ingila ta Afirka, da Babban Bankin Ƙasashen Afirka. Sai dai Bankin Jamaica ya yi kashedi game da kudin, yana mai cewa "Duk wani da ake zargin bayar da kudin tsibirin Jamaica ta wani mutum ko wani mahaluki wanda ban da bankin Jamaica ba shi da izini kuma ya saba wa dokar bankin Jamaica"
Wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar makamashin hasken rana ta hanyar yarjejeniyar siyan wutar lantarki, kudin yana da darajar 100Kwh na makamashin hasken rana, tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙima a hatsi 4 na zinariya (0.2592 grams) na 1 AKL. An daina amfani da lumi azaman kudin Accompong. A maimakon haka, yanzu babban bankin kasashen Afirka ne ke bayar da shi. Kanar Richard Currie ne ya raba Babban Bankin Solar Reserve a lokacin da ya maye gurbin Kanar Ferron Williams a matsayin sabon zababben shugaban kasa na Accompong.
Bayanan kula
A halin yanzu akwai takardar banki 1 kawai, wanda ke wakiltar lumi 1. A cikin 2021, Babban Bankin Kasashen Afirka (ADCB) ya ba da rahoton jimillar dalar Amurka tiriliyan 1.1 na mu'amala tsakanin Afirka da kasashen waje ta duniya ta hanyar amfani da LUMI; wannan ya yi daidai da fiye da kashi uku na jimillar GDP na nahiyar Afirka a dalar Amurka tiriliyan 2.7 a shekarar 2021.
Hyderabad
Hyderabad (lafazi: /haiderabad/) birni ne, da ke a jihar Telangana, a ƙasar Indiya. Shi ne babban birnin jihar Telangana. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2011, jimillar mutane miliyan takwas. An gina birnin Hyderabad a karni na sha shida bayan haifuwan annabi Issa.
Ashley Barnes
Ashley Barnes (an haife shi a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da tara (1989) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Hakar ma'adinai
Hakar ma'adinai shine hakar ma'adanai masu mahimmanci ko wasu abubuwan ilimin ƙasa daga Duniya, yawanci daga jikin ƙasa, lode, vein, seam, reef, ko ajiya. Waɗannan kuɗaɗen suna samar da kayan masarufi wanda ke da fa'idar tattalin arziƙi ga mai hakar gwal.
Ma’adanan da aka gano ta hanyar hakar ma’adinai sun hada da karafa, gawayi, shallen mai, gemstones, farar ƙasa, alli, dutse mai girma, gishirin dutsen, potash, tsakuwa, da yumbu. Ana buƙatar hakar ma'adinai don samun duk wani abu wanda ba za a iya haɓaka ta hanyar aiwatar da aikin gona ba, ko kuma mai yiwuwa a ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar wucin gadi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ko masana'anta. Ma'adanan ma'adanai da yalwa sun haɗa da hakar duk wani abu mara sabuntawa kamar su fetur, gas, ko ma ruwa.
Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na zamani sun haɗa da neman ma'adanan ƙasa, nazarin fa'idar ribar ma'adinan da ake son samarwa, hakar abubuwan da ake so, da sake dawo da ƙasar bayan an rufe ma'adinan.
Mesa
Mesa tana daga cikin nau'ukan macizai wato macijiya sai dai ita Mesa babbar macijiya ce don kuwa tana da hatsarin gaske, tunda har mutane takan haɗiye ba tare da wani ɓata lokaci ba. Mafi akasari mesa tana rayuwarta ne a daji tana haɗiye namun daji har na ruwa takan haɗiye kada da kifi da sauran halittun ruwa. Ana kuma samunta a yankunan Afirka Asiya da kuma ƙasar Ostireliya (Australia) a waɗannan yankunan Mesa ta fi yawa, sai kuma irin ƙasashen Indiya Bangladesh, Pakistan, China da dai sauransu. Ana samun Nau'ukan mesa har kusan kala arba'in da biyu (42) a faɗin duniya. .
Hakar ma'adinai
Ayyukan hakar ma'adanai galibi suna haifar da mummunan tasirin mahalli, yayin aikin hakar ma'adinai da kuma bayan rufe ma'adinai. Don haka, yawancin al'ummomin duniya sun zartar da ƙa'idoji don rage tasirin. Tsaron aiki ya daɗe yana damuwa, kuma ayyukan yau da kullun sun inganta aminci a cikin ma'adinai.
Mesa
Yadda Mesa take haihuwa
Mesa tana haihuwa ne ta hanyar yin ƙwai kamar ƙadangare, tsaka maciji da dangin su. Matan mesa su ne suke ƙyanƙyashe ƙwansu da kansu. Sai dai duk da haɗarin da ke tattare da mesa mutane suna farautarta sosai saboda wasu suna cin namanta, ana kuma amfani da fatarta wajen ɗinka takalma, jaka da maɗaurin wando (belt) dai sauransu.
Hakar ma'adinai
Tsohon Misira
Tsoffin Masarawa sun yi malachite a Maadi. Da farko, Masarawa sunyi amfani da duwatsu masu launin koren malachite don kayan ado da tukwane. Daga baya, tsakanin 2613 da 2494 BC, manyan ayyukan gine-gine sun buƙaci balaguro zuwa ƙasashen waje zuwa yankin Wadi Maghareh don tabbatar da ma'adinai da sauran albarkatun da babu su a cikin Misira kanta. An kuma gano wuraren neman kayan turquoise da na jan ƙarfe a Wadi Hammamat, Tura, Aswan da sauran wurare daban-daban na Nubia a Tsibirin Sinai da Timna.
Hakar ma'adinai a Misira ya faru ne a farkon dauloli. Ma'adanai na zinare na Nubia suna daga cikin mafi girma kuma mafi girman kowane a cikin Tsohon Misira. Wadannan marubutan sun bayyana ne ta hanyar marubucin Girkanci Diodorus Siculus, wanda ya ambaci sanya wuta a matsayin hanya daya da ake amfani da ita wajen farfasa dutsen da ke dauke da zinaren. Ana nuna ɗayan rukunin gidaje a ɗayan sanannun taswira. Masu hakar ma'adinan sun ragargaza ma'adinan kuma sun nika shi da ƙamshi mai kyau kafin su wanke foda don ƙurar zinaren.
Tsohon Girka da Rome
Ma'adinai a Turai yana da dogon tarihi. Misalan sun hada da ma'adanan azurfa na Laurium, wanda ya taimaka wajen tallafawa jihar birni ta Athens. Kodayake suna da bayi sama da 20,000 da ke aiki da su, amma fasahar su ta kasance daidai da ta magabatan su. A wasu ma'adanai, kamar a tsibirin Thassos, 'yan Faransa sun sassaka marmara bayan sun isa karni na 7 BC. An kawo marmar din kuma daga baya masana binciken kayan tarihi sun gano cewa anyi amfani da shi a cikin gine-gine ciki har da kabarin Amphipolis. Philip II na Macedon, mahaifin Alexander the Great, ya kama ma'adinan zinariya na Mount Pangeo a cikin 357 BC don ba da kuɗin kamfen ɗin sa na soja. Hakanan ya kama ma'adinan zinare a cikin Thrace don ƙirƙirar tsabar kuɗi, a ƙarshe ya samar da tan 26 a shekara.
Koyaya, Romawa ne suka kirkiro manyan hanyoyin hakar ma'adinai, musamman amfani da manyan ruwa da aka kawo ta mahaƙar ta hanyar magudanan ruwa da yawa. An yi amfani da ruwan don dalilai daban-daban, gami da cire abubuwa masu nauyi da kuma tarkacen dutse, wanda ake kira hakar mai, da kuma hada-hadar wanka, ko nikakke, ores da tukin injina masu sauƙi.
Romawa sun yi amfani da hanyoyin hakar ma'adanai a babban sikelin don hango jijiyoyin ma'adanai, musamman ma wanda aka daina amfani da shi yanzu wanda ake kira hushing. Sun gina magudanan ruwa da yawa don samar da ruwa ga ma'adinan. A can, ruwan da aka ajiye a cikin manyan tafkunan ruwa da tankuna. Lokacin da aka bude cikakken tanki, ambaliyar ruwan ta dauke kayan da aka dora musu nauyi don fallasa gadon da ke karkashin da kowane jijiyoyin zinariya. Daga nan wuta ta yi aiki a kan dutsen don dumama dutsen, wanda za a kashe shi da rafin ruwa. Sakamakon girgizar zafin da ya haifar ya fashe dutsen, wanda ya ba da damar cire shi ta hanyar ƙarin rafuka na ruwa daga tankunan da ke sama. Masu hakar ma'adinan Roman sunyi amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin don yin aikin cassiterite a cikin Cornwall da gubar dalma a cikin Pennines.
Fasahar Roman ba ta takaita ga hakar ma'adinai ba. Sun bi jijiyoyin karkashin kasa da zarar an fara samun damar hakar ma'adinai. A Dolaucothi sun dakatar da jijiyoyin kuma sunyi amfani da adit ta cikin dutsen da ba dutse don magudanar wuraren. Hakanan an yi amfani da irin waɗannan adon don shigar da aiki, musamman mahimmanci lokacin da aka yi amfani da saitin wuta. A wasu sassan shafin, sun ratsa teburin ruwan kuma sun lalata ma'adinan ta hanyar amfani da nau'ikan injina, musamman ma masu juya ruwa-ruwa. An yi amfani da waɗannan sosai a ma'adinan tagulla a Rio Tinto a Spain, inda ɗayan jerin ya ƙunshi irin waɗannan ƙafafun 16 da aka shirya biyu-biyu, da ɗaga ruwa kimanin mita 24 (ƙafa 79). An yi musu aiki a matsayin matattarar masarufi tare da masu hakar ma'adinai da ke tsaye a saman tebur. Yawancin misalai na irin waɗannan na'urori an samo su a cikin tsohuwar ma'adinan Roman kuma wasu misalai yanzu ana adana su a Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya da Gidan Tarihi na Walesasa na Wales.
Na da Turai
Ma'adinai azaman masana'anta ya sami canje-canje masu ban mamaki a zamanin Turai. Masana'antar hakar ma'adanai a farkon ƙarni na Tsakiya sun fi mai da hankali ne akan hakar tagulla da baƙin ƙarfe. Hakanan an yi amfani da wasu karafa masu daraja, galibi don ƙyalli ko tsabar kuɗi. Da farko, ana samun karafa da yawa ta hanyar hakar ma'adinai, kuma ana fitar da ma'adanin ne daga zurfin zurfin, maimakon ta hanyar zurfafan ma'adanai. Kusan karni na 14, yawan amfani da makamai, kayan yaƙi, masu motsa jiki, da takalmin dawakai ya ƙaru da buƙatar ƙarfe. Misali, masanan zamanin da, galibi ana ɗauke da farantin da ya kai kilogiram 100 (45 kilogiram) ko sulke da takobi, mashi da sauran makamai. Babban dogaro da baƙin ƙarfe don dalilan soja ya haifar da samar da baƙin ƙarfe da ayyukan hakar.
Rikicin azurfar na shekarar 1465 ya faru ne lokacin da dukkan ma'adinai suka isa zurfin da ba za a iya sake amfani da sandunan a bushe da fasahar dake akwai ba. Kodayake yawan amfani da takardun kudi, lamuni da tsabar kudi na jan ƙarfe a wannan lokacin ya rage darajar, da kuma dogaro da, ƙarafa masu daraja, zinariya da azurfa har yanzu suna da mahimmanci ga labarin ma'adinai na da.
Saboda bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin zamantakewar al'umma, karuwar hakar ma'adinai ya yadu daga tsakiyar Turai zuwa Ingila a tsakiyar karni na sha shida. A nahiya, ma'adinan ma'adinai mallakar na kambi ne, kuma an haƙƙaƙe wannan haƙƙin mallaka. Amma a Ingila, an taƙaita haƙƙin haƙar ma'adinai ga zinare da azurfa (waɗanda Ingilishi kusan ba su da ajiya) ta hanyar yanke hukunci na 1568 da doka a 1688. Ingila na da baƙin ƙarfe, tutiya, tagulla, gubar, da ma'adanai. Masu mallakar ƙasa waɗanda suka mallaki ƙananan ƙarfe da gawayi a ƙarƙashin ƙauyukansu to suna da ƙarfin ƙarfafawa don cire waɗannan ƙarfe ko don ba da rancen ajiyar kuɗi da karɓar kuɗi daga masu aikin hakar ma'adinai. Ingilishi, Jamusanci, da Dutch babban birni sun haɗu don haɓaka kuɗin haɓaka da tacewa. An kawo ɗaruruwan ƙwararrun masanan Jamus da ƙwararrun ma'aikata; a shekara ta 1642 wani yanki na yan kasashen waje 4,000 masu hakar ma'adinai da narkar da tagulla a Keswick a tsaunukan arewa maso yamma.
Amfani da ikon ruwa a cikin hanyar mills na ruwa ya yawaita. An yi amfani da injinan haƙar ruwa a murƙushe ma'adinai, ɗaga ma'adanan daga raƙuman ruwa, da kuma yin ɗakunan shiga ta iska mai ƙarfi. An fara amfani da hoda baƙar fata a hakar ma'adinai a Selmecbánya, Masarautar Hungary (yanzu Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia) a 1627. Baƙi hoda ya ba da izinin fashewar dutsen da ƙasa don sassautawa da bayyanar jijiyoyin ƙasa. Ayukan iska mai ƙarfi ya fi sauri fiye da saita wuta kuma ya ba da izinin hakar ƙananan ƙarfe da ma'adanai da ba za a iya hana su ba. A cikin 1762, aka kafa makarantar farko ta hakar ma'adanai a cikin wannan garin a can.
Mafi yawan ilimin dabarun hako ma'adinan zamani sun fito ne daga littattafai kamar su Biringuccio's De la pirotechnia kuma mai yiwuwa mafi mahimmanci daga Georg Agricola's De re metallica (1556). Wadannan littattafan sun yi bayani dalla-dalla kan hanyoyin hakar ma'adinai daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su a ma'adinan Jamusawa da Saxon. Babban batu a cikin ma'adinai na da, wanda Agricola yayi bayani dalla-dalla, shine cire ruwa daga raƙuman ma'adanai. Yayin da masu hakar gwal suke zurfafa don samun sabbin jijiyoyi, ambaliyar ta zama babbar matsala. Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta zama ingantacciya sosai da wadata tare da ƙirƙirar fanfunan inji da dabbobi.
Afirka
Metarfe ƙarfe a Afirka ya faro sama da shekaru dubu huɗu. Daga ƙarni na 19, haƙar zinare da lu'u-lu'u a kudancin Afirka na da babban sakamako na siyasa da zamantakewar jama'a.
Oceania
Zinare da haƙo kwal sun fara a Australia da New Zealand a ƙarni na 19. Nickel ya zama mai mahimmanci a cikin tattalin arziƙin New Caledonia.
Amurka
A zamanin da, Amurkawa na farko sun haƙo tagulla da yawa a Tekun Manyan Keweenaw da kuma kusa da Isle Royale; ƙarfe jan ƙarfe ya kasance har yanzu kusa da farfajiyar lokacin mulkin mallaka. 'Yan asalin ƙasar sun yi amfani da tagulla mafi ƙarancin tagulla daga aƙalla shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata; an gano kayayyakin jan karfe, kwanson kibiya, da sauran kayan tarihi wadanda suka kasance wani bangare na babbar hanyar sadarwar kasar. Masu binciken Faransawa na farko da suka ci karo da wuraren ba sa amfani da karafan saboda wahalar jigilar su, amma daga ƙarshe an yi ciniki da tagulla a duk faɗin nahiyar tare da manyan hanyoyin ruwa. A cikin tarihin mulkin mallaka na farko na Amurka, "an kwashe zinariya da azurfa na asali da sauri kuma an mayar da su zuwa Spain a cikin gwanayen zinariya da azurfa", zinariya da azurfa da suka samo asali galibi daga ma'adinai a Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Turquoise mai kwanan wata a 700 AD an haƙa shi a cikin pre-Columbian America; a cikin Cerillos Mining District a New Mexico, an kiyasta "kimanin tan 15,000 na dutse daga Dutsen Chalchihuitl ta amfani da kayan aikin dutse kafin 1700."
A cikin 1727 Louis Denys (Denis) (1675-1741), sieur de La Ronde - ɗan'uwan Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure da surukin René Chartier - sun karɓi umarnin Fort La Pointe a Chequamegon Bay; inda 'yan ƙasar suka sanar da shi tsibirin jan ƙarfe. La Ronde ya sami izini daga kambin Faransa don sarrafa ma'adinai a cikin 1733, ya zama "farkon mai hakar ma'adinai a tafkin mafifici"; shekaru bakwai bayan haka, barkewar cuta tsakanin Sioux da Chippewa ta dakatar da hakar ma'adinai.
Yin hakar ma'adanai a cikin Amurka ya zama gama gari a cikin karni na 19, kuma Majalisar Wakilan Amurka ta zartar da Dokar Janar na Mining na 1872 don ƙarfafa haƙar ma'adinan ƙasashen tarayya. Kamar yadda yake tare da California Gold Rush a tsakiyar karni na 19, hakar ma'adanai da ƙarafa masu daraja, tare da kiwon dabbobi, ya zama abin tuki a Haɓakar Yammacin Amurka zuwa gabar tekun Pacific. Tare da binciken kasashen yamma, sansanonin hakar ma'adinai suka tashi kuma "suka bayyana wata ruhi ta daban, gadon da zai dawwama ga sabuwar kasar"; Masu Rushewar Zinare za su fuskanci matsaloli iri ɗaya kamar na Rus Rushan ƙasa na yamma mai wucewa wanda ya gabace su. Taimakon hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, mutane da yawa sun yi tafiya zuwa Yamma don samun damar aiki a cikin ma'adinai. Garuruwan yamma kamar Denver da Sacramento sun samo asali daga garuruwan hakar ma'adanai.
Lokacin da aka bincika sabbin wurare, galibi zinare ne (placer sannan lode) sannan kuma azurfa waɗanda aka ƙwace su kuma suka fara fitarwa. Sauran karafa galibi za su jira layin dogo ko magudanan ruwa, saboda ƙurar zinare mai laushi da kayan masarufi ba sa buƙatar narkewa kuma suna da saukin ganewa da jigilar kaya.
Iman Essa Jasim
Iman Essa Jasim (ana kuma cewa Jassim ko Jassem, an haife ta a 9 ga Yulin 1997) ƴar tseren Bahrain ce Ta shiga gasar tseren mita 100 na mata a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016. An haife ta Endurance Essien Udoh a Nijeriya a ranar 9 ga Yuli 1997. .
A Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta cikin gida na Asiya na shekarar 2016 ƙungiyar ta da ta haɗa da Salwa Eid Naser, Kemi Adekoya, da Aminat Yusuf Jamal sun kafa sabon Rikicin Asiya da Gasar na 3: 35.07 a wasan gudun yada kanin wani na Mata 4x400m.
Ben Barnett
Ben Barnett (an haife shi a shekara ta 1969), shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Mairo Jinadu
Mairo Jinadu (an haife ta a 28 ga watan Disamba 1984) yar tseren Najeriya ce. Ta fafata a tseren mita 4 × 100 na mata a Gasar Wasannin bazara ta 1968.
Gumel
Gumel ko koma Gumal (kamar yadda ƴan asalin ƙasar ke kiran sa) birni ne kuma da Akwai masarautun gargajiya a jihar Jigawa, Nijeriya.
Yanayin Muhalli
Gumel yana 120 km arewa maso gabas da kano, kuma yana da kusan 20 kilomita kudu da iyakar arewacin Najeriya da Nijar. A shekarar 2007 an kiyasta yawan mutanen Gumel ya kai 44,158. Gumel, ita ma ta zama Gummel, birni da masarautun gargajiya, arewacin jihar Jigawa, arewacin Najeriya. Dan Juma na birnin Kano (kilomita 121 kudu maso yamma) da mabiyansa na kabilar Manga (Mangawa) ne suka kafa Masarautar kimanin shekara ta 1750. Jim kadan bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1754, ta zama jihar da ta kasance abar gadar daular Bornu. Masarautar ta tsira daga hare-haren Fulani na jihadin Usman dan Fodio (“Yakin tsarki”) a farkon karni na 19 kuma ba ta taba shiga cikin daular Fulani ta Sakkwato ba. A shekarar 1845 aka mayar da babban birnin Gumel daga Tumbi (kilomita 20 a arewa a Nijar a yau) zuwa wannan wuri. Yaki da Hadejia da ke kusa da Kano, da Zinder (Damagaram) ya addabi masarautu tun daga 1828; An ci gaba da yakin da Hadejia har zuwa lokacin da aka kashe Sarkin Gumel Abdullahi a yakin a shekarar 1872. Hare-haren bayi a karshen karni da Damagaram ya kara lalata Gumel. Sarki Ahmadu ya mika wuya ga Turawan Ingila a shekarar 1903, sannan aka shigar da masarautar Gumel cikin lardin Kano. A 1976 ta zama jihar Kano, kuma tun a shekarar 1991 tana cikin jihar Jigawa.
Garin Gumel ya kasance babbar cibiyar kasuwan yankin - gero da dawa sune manyan abinci - kuma ya zama wurin tattara gyada ( gyada), wanda ake jigilar su zuwa cikin birnin Kano don fitar da su ta jirgin kasa. Ana amfani da ma'auni na farar ƙasa da diatomaceous a cikin gida a wurare masu warwatse. Garin yana da cibiyar horar da gonaki da babbar kwalejin horar da malamai. Gumel dai yana kan babbar hanyar da ta hada shi da Kano da Hadejia, kuma cibiya ce ta hanyoyin kananan hukumomin jihar Jigawa. Pop. (2006) karamar hukuma, 107,161.
Tarihi
An kafa Masarautar kimanin shekara ta 1750 da Dan Juma na Kano da mabiyansa na kabilar Mangawa. Jim kadan bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1754, ta zama jihar da ta kasance abar gadar daular Bornu. Masarautar ta tsira daga hare-haren Fulani na jihadin Usman dan Fodio a farkon karni na 19, ba ta taba shiga cikin daular Fulani ta Sakkwato ba. Wurin da Gumel yake a halin yanzu ya samo asali ne sakamakon ƙaura daga garin Tumbi a shekara ta 1845 da ke cikin ƙasar Nijar a yanzu. Masarautar ta sha fama da yaki da garuruwan Hadejia, Danzomo, Kano, da Zinder tun 1828. An ci gaba da yakin da Hadejia har zuwa rasuwar Sarkin Gumel, Abdullahi, a shekarar 1872. Kafin sarki Ahmadu ya karbi mulkin Birtaniya a shekarar 1903, ana yawan kai hare-haren bayi daga garin Zinder. A 1976 Gumel ta zama jihar Kano, kuma tun 1991 tana cikin jihar Jigawa kusa da Danzomo, Gagarawa, Sule Tankarkar, da Maigatari.
Mai Martaba Sarkin Gumel na yanzu, HRH Alh. Ahmed Mohammed Sani II (CON) shine sarkin Gumel na 16. Sarkin dai ya kammala karatunsa ne, a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, a Jami’ar Jihar Ohio ta kasar Amurka. Yana da kane mai suna Abdullahi Muhammad Sani II, wanda ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a jami’ar jihar Michigan ta kasar Amurka, inda ya yi digiri a fannin injiniyan lantarki. Tun a shekarar 1981 ne Sarkin ya hau karagar mulki. Fadar sarki ba ta isa ga wadanda sarki ya gayyata a wurin, da ‘yan gidan sarauta, da jami’an fadar sarki (majalisar masarauta, wacce ake kira Majlis)..
Jerin Sarakunan Gumel
Sarakuna
Tattalin Arziki
Gumel tana matsayin cibiyar tattalin arzikin yankin farko. Ana tattara dawa, gero, da gyada a nan ana jigilar su zuwa Kano a kan babbar hanya ta sakandare inda ake fitar da su ta jirgin kasa.
Marati
Marati dayane daga cikkin manyan yarukan kasar Indiya.
Jahun
Jahun Karamar Hukuma ce dake a Jihar Jigawa, Arewa maso yamman Nijeriya.
Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa
Wannan jerin jagororin gudarwa ne da gwamnonin Jihar Adamawan Najeriya wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1991-08-27 lokacin da aka raba jihar Gongola zuwa jihohin Adamawa da Taraba.
Benin
Benin, tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen yammacin Afrika,  kuma ita ƙaramar ƙasa ce, da can ana cimata dukome, a shekara ta 1894 ƙasar faransa ta mamaye ta har zuwa shekara ta 1960 sannan ta samu ƴancin kanta. Benin ta yi iyaka da ƙasashe huɗu, su ne; daga gabacin ta Najeriya, daga yammacin ta Togo, daga arewacin ta Nijar, daga arewa maso yammaci ta burkina faso, Benin ƙasa ce me tsawo daga kudanci zuwa arewaci (650 )km, kuma tsawanta daga gabance, zuwa yammace ( 110 ) km, harshen Faransanci shi ne yaren ƙasar, tana da yawan mutane kimanin (4,418,000 ) a shekara ta 1988, babban birnin ta Cotonou yawan mutanen ta sun kai (1050) , Benin tana da yaruka masu ɗinbun yawa ( fun, adja buriya hausa dande ) da suran su.
Kaymu
Kaymu kasuwa ce ta kan layi da aka kafa a cikin 2013, tana samar da samfuran C2C da B2C na gida a Afirka, Turai da Asiya. Dandalin yana ba masu siye da masu siyarwa damar saduwa don yin yarjejeniya akan sabbin kayan kwalliya da aka yi amfani da su, wayoyin hannu, kayan ado, da kayan gida.
Tarihi
An fara kaddamar da Kaymu a Najeriya da Pakistan a watan Janairun 2013 kuma a cikin watanni 27 ya bude aiki a wasu kasashe 32. Kaymu ya kwafi samfurin eBay; ba ya bayar da tallace-tallacen samfur na ɓangare na farko, kuma yana da gidajen yanar gizo daban-daban ga kowace ƙasashen da take aiki a ciki. Babban abokin hamayyar Kaymu shine OLX mallakar Naspers wanda ke aiki a cikin ƙasashe sama da 100 kuma suna gudanar da ƙirar C2C.
A watan Janairun 2013, Kaymu ya sami tallafin iri da ba a bayyana ba daga Intanet na Roket kuma ya fara aiki a Najeriya da Pakistan. Kaymu ya girma daga ma'aikaci na 10 zuwa 60 a cikin watanni tara kuma ya buɗe ayyuka a Ghana da Maroko a cikin Oktoba 2013, kafin ya fadada zuwa wasu ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin shekara ta biyu na aiki.
Kamar yadda a watan Yuni 2015, ayyukan Kaymu sun girma har zuwa Mozambique, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar,  Slovenia, Sri Lanka,  Bulgaria,  Uzbekistan, da Philippines. Kaymu yana aiki a kasashe 35, 17 daga cikinsu suna Afirka, da sauran a Turai da Asiya.
A halin yanzu Kaymu yana da ayyuka a yankuna da ƙasashe masu zuwa:
A cikin 2016, Kaymu ya zama Jumia a Afirka.
Masu zuba jari
Kaymu yana samun goyon bayan wani ɗan ƙasar Nepal Rajib Kumar Mehta, ƙarƙashin inuwar ƙungiyar Jumia Group. Shugaban Kamfanin Intanet na Roket Oliver Samwer ya bayyana kamfaninsa a matsayin dandalin da ke gina kamfanonin intanet maimakon a matsayin masu saka hannun jari, masu kirkire-kirkire ko masu shigar da kaya kamar yadda wasu ke ganin su. Roket Internet yana kula da duk harkokin kasuwancinsa a Afirka ta hanyar rukunin Intanet na Afirka wanda ya raba hannun jari tsakanin Roket Internet, MTN da Millicom.
Rigima
Kaymu, kamar sauran kamfanoni masu tasowa waɗanda ke cikin jerin kamfanonin da ke samun goyon bayan Intanet na Roket, an soki su saboda ƙirar kwafi da liƙa. Roket Internet yana ɗaukar samfuran kasuwanci waɗanda suka yi nasara a Turai da Amurka kuma suna rufe su a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Kaymu yana ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan samfuran, kuma an kwatanta shi don kwafi ƙirar eBay.
Bert Barlow
Bert Barlow (an haife shi a shekara ta 1916 - ya mutu a shekara ta 2004), shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Surat
Surat Ya kasan ce birni ne, da ya ke a jihar Gujarat, a ƙasar Indiya. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2011, akwai jimilar mutane 4,467,797. An gina birnin Surat kafin a karni na sha shida bayan haifuwan annabi Issa.
Brucellosis
Brucellosis cuta ce ne da ake samu daga dabbobi, wanda ke faruwa ta hanyar shan madarar da ba a daɗe ba daga dabbobi masu dauke  da cuta, ko kusanci da ruwan dake. Hakanan ana kiranta da undulant fever, zazzabin Malta, da zazzabin Mediterranean.
Kwayoyin cutar da ke haifar da wannan cuta, Brucella, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, Gram-negative, wadanda basu motsi,basu fidda spore, masu siffiar zagaye ko kuma sanduna. Suna aiki azaman kwayoyin cutar da bazasu iya, rayuwa su kadai ba.kuma suna haifar da cututtuka na yau da kullum, wanda yawanci yana ci gaba har karshen  rayuwa. kwayoyin cutar guda hudu sune ke  cutar da mutane: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, da B. suis. B. Abortus ba shi da cutarwa fiye da B. melitensis kuma shi ne da farko cutar ta shanu. B. canis yana shafar karnuka. B. melitensis shine nau'in da ya fi kamuwa da cuta; yakan cutar da awaki da tumaki lokaci-lokaci. B. suis na tsaka-tsakin jijiyoyi ne kuma galibi yana cutar da aladu. Alamomin sun hada da yawan zufa da ciwon gabobi da tsoka. An gane Brucellosis a cikin dabbobi da mutane tun farkon karni na 20.
Alamomin cuta
Alamun sun kasance kamar waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wasu cututtuka masu yawa na zazzaɓi, amma tare da ciwon jiki da gumi na dare. Tsawon lokacin cutar na iya bambanta daga 'yan makonni zuwa watanni masu yawa ko ma shekaru.
A mataki na farko na cutar, zaman kwayar cutar a cikin jini yana faruwa sannan zata iya kaiwa zuwa classic triad na u zazzabin, zufa (sau da yawa tare da wani irin yanayi na wari, da kuma ciwon jiki da kuma kashi. Gwajin jini a zahiri suna nuna ƙarancin garkuwar jiki  da yawan  jini, suna nuna wasu haɓakar enzymes na hanta kamar aspartate aminotransferase da alanine aminotransferase, kuma suna nuna tabbataccen halayen Bengal rose da Huddleston. Gastrointestinal bayyanar cututtuka faruwa a cikin 70% na lokuta kuma sun hada da tashin zuciya, amai, rage cin abinci, rashin niyya nauyi asara, ciwon ciki, maƙarƙashiya, zawo, an kara girma hanta, hanta kumburi, hanta ƙurji, da kuma kara girman saifa
Bincike
Binciken brucellosis ya dogara ne akan:
Tabbataccen ganewar cutar brucellosis yana buƙatar keɓanta kwayoyin cutar daga jini, ruwan jiki, ko wasu gabban jiki, amma hanyoyin serological na iya zama kawai gwaje-gwaje da ake samu a yawancin wurare.awon daya nuna akwai kwayar cutar na  jini yana tsakanin 40 zuwa 70% kuma ba shi da inganci ga B. abortus fiye da B. melitensis ko B. suis.
Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Ɗan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu
An kaddamar da Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu ( SAHRC ) a watan Oktoba 1995 a matsayin cibiya babi tara (chapter nine institution.) mai zaman kanta. Ta zana aikinta daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar Dokar Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta shekarar 1994.
Kwamishinonin
Ana ba wa waɗanda aka nada wa'adin shekaru bakwai.
2009/2010
An nada kwamishinoni bakwai na tsawon shekaru bakwai a shekarar 2009/2010, wato Adv Lawrence Mushwana, Dr Pregaluxmi Govender, Ms Lindiwe Mokate, Adv Bokankatla Malatji, Adv Loyiso Mpumlwana, Ms Janet Love (part-time) da Dr Danfred Titus (bangare) - lokaci). Mushwana, wanda a baya shi ne Mai Kare Jama'a, an zabe shi a matsayin shugaba kuma an zabi Govender mataimakin shugaba a watan Oktoban 2009. A watan Yulin 2010, kwamitin shari’a na Majalisar ya yanke shawarar baki daya cewa rashin bayyana hukuncin da Mpumlwana ya yi a kan sa a lokacin da ake gabatar da sunayen ‘yan takarar ya nuna cewa bai cancanta ba kuma ya cancanta ya yi aiki a SAHRC.
A cikin watan Fabrairu 2014, Advocate Mohamed Shafie Ameermia an nada shi kwamishinan mai mai da hankali kan gidaje da samun adalci.
Bill Bainbridge
Bill Bainbridge (an haife shi a shekara ta 1922) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Ɗan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu
2017
A cikin wa'adin shekaru bakwai na shekarar 2017, Bongani Christopher Majola ya zama shugabar hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka ta Kudu, tare da Fatima Chohan mataimakiyar shugabar hukumar. Kwamishinonin cikakken lokaci sune Adv Bokankatla Joseph Malatji, Philile Ntuli, Adv Andre Hurtley Gaum, Matlhodi Angelina (Angie) Makwetla. Kwamishinonin na wucin gadi sune Adv Jonas Ben Sibanyoni da Christoffel Nissen.
Suka
Kungiyar kwadago ta Solidarity ta soki hukumar kan abin da ta ce na nuna wariyar launin fata da wariyar. Wani bincike da aka yi ya nuna cewa hukumar ta SAHRC ta fi iya fara bincike da kanta inda mai laifin farar fata ne, kuma ta fi yin sassauci wajen hukunta masu aikata bakaken fata.
Zarge-zargen kabilanci biyu
An gabatar da korafe-korafe a SAHRC kan dan siyasar Julius Malema da ke da cece-kuce game da wasu kalamai da ya yi. Malema ya ce "ku kashe Boer " (Boer ma'ana farar Afirka ta Kudu / Afrikaner ), cewa "ba ya yin kira da a yanka farar fata ba tukuna" kuma ya yi kalaman wariyar launin fata ga Indiyawan Afirka ta Kudu, yana zarginsu da cin zarafin bakar fata. A watan Maris din shekarar 2019 ne Hukumar SAHRC ta bayyana cewa ba a gano kalaman Malema da nuna kiyayya ba ne, inda ta ce babu wata hujja da doka ta sanya aka yanke kalaman Malema a matsayin kalaman kiyayya. Hakan ya faru ne duk da cewa babbar kotun birnin Johannesburg ta same Malema da laifi a shekara ta 2011 na kalaman nuna kiyayya da rera wakar "Shoot the Boer".
Kwamishinonin SAHRC sun yarda cewa hukumar na nuna son zuciya ga bakaken fata. Dokta Shanelle Van Der Berg ta SAHRC ta ba da hujjar hukuncin da SAHRC ta yanke a kan Malema inda ta bayyana cewa majalisar na amfani da kofuna daban-daban na abin da ya kunshi kalaman nuna kiyayya dangane da jinsin wanda ake zargi da aikata laifin, saboda tarihin kasar. Priscilla Jana, kwamishiniyar da ke da alhakin kabilanci da al'amurran da suka shafi daidaito, ta bayyana cewa SAHRC tana da "da gangan ga masu aikata laifuka baƙar fata a cikin abubuwan da suka shafi kalaman launin fata da aka yi wa fararen fata saboda yanayin tarihi".
Kaugama
Kaugama Karamar Hukuma ce dake a Jihar Jigawa, Arewa maso yamman Nijeriya.
Stephanie Kalu
Stephanie Kalu (an haife ta a 8 ga Mayu 1993) haifaffiyar Amurika ce ƴar asalin Najeriya wanda ta ƙware a cikin tseren mita 100, mita 200 da mita 4 x 100. Ta wakilci Nijeriya a tarurruka da dama da suka hada da 2012 World Junior Championship in Athletics, 2013 Summer Universiade da 2013 World Championship in Athletics. Haka kuma za ta fafata a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2015 yayin wakiltar Najeriya.
Filin jirgin saman Kairo
Filin jirgin saman Kairo shi ne babban filin jirgin sama dake birnin Kairo, babban birnin Misra.
Bill Baldwin
Bill Baldwin (an haife shi a shekara ta 1907 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1982) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Tsohon Garin Ghadames
Tsohon Garin Ghadames (Larabci: مدينة غدامس القديمة) tsohon birni ne na Ghadames na zamani, Libya kuma daya daga cikin manyan biranen hamada na Libya. Wanda ake kira "Jewel na Hamada" an yi rajistar wurin a matsayin abin tarihi na UNESCO tun 1986.
Gine-gine
Tsohon birnin Ghadames birni ne da ke da bakin teku. An raba shi zuwa unguwanni bakwai tare da wuraren taruwar jama'a daban-daban duk an haɗa su don yin babban birni ɗaya. Zane-zanen gine-ginen ya dogara ne akan yanayin Saharar da kuma yadda mazauna wurin ke kallon busasshen yanayi. Tsarin haɗin kai ya taimaka wa mazauna wurin yin amfani da sararin samaniya da kuma rufewa. An yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki don kariya daga mummunan yanayi da kuma samar da haske da samun iska ga gidaje masu hawa hudu.
Cooper Legrand
Cooper Legrand (an haife shi 30 Disamba 1998) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Mauritius wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Kingston City da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Mauritius.
Abin rufe fuska
Abin Rufi Fuska a Lokacin cutar Koronavirus (COVID-19) ta 2019-20
Balık ekmek
Balık ekmek ( IPA : Ba'lɯk ek'mek), ya kasan ce wani abu ne na yau da kullun wanda ake cin abinci akan titi a cikin abincin Turkiyya. Sandwich ce ta filet na soyayyen ko gasasshen kifi ( galibi mackerel, ko sauran kifi mai kama da haka ), wanda aka yi amfani da shi tare da kayan lambu iri-iri, a cikin burodin burodin Turkawa. Yawanci ana yin sa ne akan filin Eminönü kai tsaye daga jirgin ruwan da aka shirya shi.
Abin rufe fuska
Shawarar Gwamnati
gwamnati ta bada shawarar Sanya abun rufe fuskoki yayin cutar sankara a shekara ta 2019-20 ta sami shawarwari daban-daban daga hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da gwamnatoci daban daban. Batun ya zama batun tattaunawa, tare da hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da gwamnatoci sun nuna rashin jituwa a kan yarjejeniya ta duniya don sanya safar fuska.
Dalili
Wasu daga cikin dalilan da suka sa jami'an kiwon lafiya na kasar suka bada shawdaar amfani da abin rufe fuska har ga mutane masu koshin lafiya sun hada da: 1. (kamuwa daga cututtukan da ba a nuna su ba tukuna). Mutane da yawa na iya kamuwa da cuta ba tare da alamu ko kawai tare da alamu masu sauki ba. 2. Rashin kiyaye dacewar jama'a a wurare da yawa a kowane lokaci. 3. Rashin daidaito da farashi (rashin jituwa). Idan mutane masu kamuwa da cuta ne kawai an rufe abin rufe fuska, wataƙila za a zuga su su yi hakan. Mutumin da ya kamu da cutar na iya ɗaukar nauyi, kamar yin siyayya har ma ana nuna masa wariya. Mai bincike a jami’ar Leeds, Stephen Griffin, ya ce: "Sanya abin rufe fuska na iya rage damar da mutane za su iya shafa wa fuskarsu, wanda shine babban tushen kamuwa da cuta ba tare da tsabtace hannu ba."
Balık ekmek
Sunan yana hade da kalmomin Baturke balık (kifi) da ekmek (burodi).
Abin rufe fuska
Shawarar Gwamnati
Rufin fuska wata na'ura ce mai amfani, wacce za a iya amfani da ita wacce ke haifar da katanga tsakanin baki da hanci ga masu cutarwa da cutarwa a cikin mahallin. Ana amfani da abin rufe fuska don taimakawa wajen toshe manyan ruwa-ruwa, yayyafa, toka, ko yaduwar da za su iya ƙunsar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta idan an sa su da kyau, hana waɗannan abubuwan da hanci. abin rufe din tiyata na iya taimakawa wajen rage yaduwar cutar da kuma toshe wasu abubuwa. Abin rufe fuska na tiyata ba'a tsara su bane don toshewa ko toshe kananan ƙananan abubuwa a cikin iska wanda za'a iya watsa shi ta hanyar tari, hanci, ko wasu hanyoyin kiwon lafiya. Abin rufe fuska na tiyata kuma ba su bayar da cikakkiyar kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran abubuwan gurɓata saboda tazara mai dacewa tsakanin saman fuska da fuska. Abin rufe fuska tiyata ana yin sa ne da kayan gado wanda aka kera ta amfani da hayaki mai narkewa.
Abun rufe fuska N95 shine matattara wanda ya dace da samfurin N95 na Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ma'aikatar ɗan adam ta Amurka. Yana tace aƙalla kashi 95 na barbashin iska wanda ke ba da kariya daga abubuwan daban, amma ban da iskar gas. Kamar na tiyata, da N95 an yi shi ne da kayan narkewar ƙwayar 'polypropylene' mai narkewa. Masalin fuska mai dacewa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Tarayyar Turai shine mai ba da numfashi na FFP2.
Shawarwari daga Kungiyoyin Lafiya Kungiyoyin lafiya sun bada shawarar cewa mutane su rufe bakinsu da hanci da gwiwar hannu, ko kuma yin amfani da takarda na nama kuma a jefar dashi kan tsaye. An ba da shawarar abin rufe fuska ga wadanda suka kamu, kamar yadda abin rufe fuska zai iya iyakance adadin nisa da nisa daga magana, numfashi, da tari.
Shawarwarin Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya Shawarar Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ga jama'a a cikin mahallin COVID-19 ya ba da goyon baya ga amfani da abin rufe fuska a cikin halaye masu zuwa: Sanya abin rufe fuska idan kuna kulawa da mutumin da ake zargi da kamuwa da cuta 2019-nCoV. • Saka abin rufe fuska idan kuna tari ko hancin. • Fuskin rufe suna da amfani ne kawai lokacin da aka yi amfani dasu a hade tare da tsaftacewa da hannu akai-akai tare da tsabtace hannun da ruwan sha ko sabulu da ruwa. • Idan kun sa abin rufe fuska, to lallai ne ku san yadda ake amfani da shi da kuma zubar da shi yadda yakamata.
Filin jirgin saman Hurghada
Filin jirgin saman Hurghada shi ne babban filin jirgin sama dake birnin Hurghada, a cikin yankin Bahar Maliya, a ƙasar Misra.
Abin rufe fuska
Shawarar Gwamnati
Amfani da abin rufe fuska da manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa a Afirka • Benin: Tun daga ranar 8 ga Afrilu, hukumomin Benin sun fara tilasta yin amfani da abin rufe fuska don dakatar da kamuwa da cutar coronavirus. • Kamaru: Magajin garin Kamaru ya ba da sanarwar cewa saka abin rufe ido zai zama dole don rage yaduwar cutar coronavirus. • Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo: Yanzu rufe yankin wajibi ne a babban birnin. • Kasar Habasha: Majalisar ministocin kasar Habasha ta haramta girgiza hannu tare da amincewa da rufe fuska a wuraren da jama'a ke • Guinea: Alpha Alpha Conde na Guinea ya ba da shawarar saka masks. • Kenya: Sanya abin rufe fuska ya zama dole. Dole ne gwamnati ta yi taka tsantsan game da jama'ar Kenya don gujewa jama'a da aka gano a matsayin hanya mafi kyau don hana kamuwa da cuta. • Laberiya: Ranar 21 ga Afrilu, dole ne ku sa abin rufewa ko abin rufewa a cikin jama'a. • Maroko: Saka abin rufe fuska ya zama tilas. • Nigeria: Hukumar NCDC ta shawarci 'yan Najeriya da su rufe fuska don hana kamuwa da cutar coronavirus • "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: When and how to use masks". World Health Organization. World Health Organization. 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
Filin shakatawa na Virunga
Filin shakatawa na Virunga shi ne wurin shakatawa na kasa a cikin kwarin Rbert na Albertine a gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1925 kuma yana cikin farkon yankunan kariya a Afirka. A cikin tsawa, ya fara daga 680 m (2,230 ft) a kwarin Semliki zuwa 5,109 m (16,762 ft) a tsaunukan Rwenzori. Daga arewa zuwa kudu ya fadada kimanin kilomita 300 (mil mi 190), galibi kan iyakokin duniya da Uganda da Rwanda a gabas. Ya mamaye yanki na 8,090 km2 (3,120 sq mi).
Akwai duwatsu masu aiki da duwatsu biyu a cikin wurin shakatawa, Dutsen Nyiragongo da Nyamuragira. Sun fasalta fasalin mahalli da namun daji da yawa. Fiye da nau'ikan faunal da na fure guda dubu 3 aka rubuta, wanda sama da 300 suna da alaƙa da Albertine Rift gami da gabashin gorilla (Gorilla beringei) da biri na zinariya (Cercopithecus kandti).
An samu munanan hare-hare da dama daga kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye, kuma an kashe masu gadin wurin da yawa.
Bill Barker
Bill Barker (an haife shi a shekara ta 1924 - ya mutu a shekara ta 2002) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Filin shakatawa na Virunga
Tarihi
A farkon 1920s, da yawa daga masu goyon bayan kungiyar kiyayewa ta Turai sun goyi bayan shawarar kirkirar wani yanki mai kariya a arewa maso gabashin Kongo ta Kongo, daga cikinsu akwai Victor van Straelen, Jean Massart da Jean-Marie Derscheid. Lokacin da aka kafa Filin shakatawa na Albert a watan Afrilu 1925 a matsayin filin shakatawa na farko a Afirka, an dauke shi a matsayin wurin da ya dace da kimiya da nufin yin nazari da kiyaye namun daji da kuma abin da ake kira da 'dadadden' mafarautan masu tara Afirka. A cikin 1926, Derscheid ya jagoranci aikin farko na Belgium zuwa zane-zane na Filin shakatawa na Albert, wanda ya kewaye yanki na 500 km2 (190 sq mi) a kusa da tsaunukan Dutsen Karisimbi da Dutsen Mikeno. Yankin da aka kiyaye ya faɗaɗa a cikin 1929 ta Filin shakatawa na Virunga, wanda ya ƙunshi tsaunukan Virunga, ɓangarorin yankin Rutshuru da filayen kudu na tafkin Edward. Girman sa na farko na 2,920.98 km2 (1,127.80 sq mi) an fadada shi mataki zuwa mataki a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. 'Yan asalin ƙasar sun rasa haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa na gargajiya a cikin wannan aikin, kuma an kore su daga yankin da aka kiyaye. Tsakanin ƙarshen 1930s da 1955, an tura kimanin mutane Rwandophone 85,000 zuwa Masisi da ke kusa da Arewacin Kivu.
A cikin 1934, an kafa Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge a matsayin hukumar kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a Kongo ta Beljiyam. Tsakanin farkon shekarun 1930s da 1961, masana kimiyya ne na ƙasar Belgium sun gudanar da balaguro da yawa zuwa Albert National Park, na biyu wanda Gaston-François de Witte ya jagoranta. Sun yi karatu kuma sun tattara samfurin dabbobin daji na Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique; bincika ƙabilun da ke wannan yankin; yayi nazarin ayyukan aman wuta, da burbushin halittu.
An sake fasalin dokokin ƙasa a cikin shekarun 1960 bayan Kongo ta Beljiyam ta sami yancin kai kamar Jamhuriyar Kongo, kuma ƙasar ta bayyana mallakar ƙasa, abin da ya cutar da mutanen yankin sosai. Farauta ba bisa doka ba a cikin yankunan kariya sun ƙaru. A shekarar 1969, aka hade wuraren shakatawa biyu karkashin sunan Filin shakatawa na Virunga, wanda aka ayyana shi a matsayin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO a shekarar 1979.
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad ko Amdavad birni ne, da ke a jihar Gujarat, a ƙasar Indiya. Shi ne tsohon babban birnin jihar Gujarat. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2011, akwai jimilar mutane 5,633,927. An gina birnin Ahmedabad a karni na sha ɗaya bayan haifuwan annabi Issa.
Knox Mutizwa
Knox Mutizwa (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba 1993) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaban Golden Arrows da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Zimbabwe.
Filin shakatawa na Virunga
Tarihi
A cikin 1996, an sanya gandun dajin a matsayin rukunin Ramsar mai matukar muhimmanci ga kasashen duniya.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, an gina madatsun ruwa masu amfani da wutar lantarki guda hudu wadanda ke samar da wutar lantarki ga kananan kamfanoni kuma wadanda ke amfana da mutanen karkara sama da 200,000.