cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Cibiyar Devatop don Ci gaban Afirka
Tarihi
Cibiyar Devatop ta fara ne a cikin shekara ta 2013 a matsayin Cibiyar Ci gaban Hidimar Matasa ta Ƙasa ta Joseph Osuigwe Chidiebere. Bayan da Osuigwe ya yi mu’amala da wadanda aka yi wa fataucin jinsi, ya ji bacin rai a kan yadda ake safarar mutane a Najeriya, kuma hakan ya sa shi ya kaddamar da wata hidimar al’umma da za ta horar da dubban matasa, matasa, malamai, da mata kan yadda za a yaki fataucin mutane. Ya yi hadin gwiwa da Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai yaki da miyagun kwayoyi da laifuffuka (UNODC) da Hukumar Hana Fataucin Bil Adama ta kasa (NAPTIP) don aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban na yaki da safarar mutane. A shekara ta 2014, ya kafa wata tawaga ta matasa don ci gaba da yin tasiri, wanda hakan ya kai ga kafa cibiyar Devatop don ci gaban Afirka.
Vision da manufa
Manufar Devatop ita ce gina ƙasa ba tare da fataucin mutane ba kuma inda aka baiwa matasa damar ci gaban ƙasa. Ayyukanta su ne: Yaƙi da hana fataucin mutane, cin zarafin jinsi, da cin zarafin yara. Don ba da tallafin ilimi ga yara masu rauni. Don karfafawa mata da matasa su zama wakilai na ci gaban ƙasa da kuma taka rawar gani wajen yaƙi da safarar mutane.
Tasiri da jayayya
Ta hanyar horar da ita, bayar da shawarwari, da shirye-shiryen talabijin da rediyo, an wayar da kan mutane sama da miliyan daya kan yaƙi da fataucin bil'adama da kawar da cin zarafin mata. Devatop yana aiki da matasa musamman don rigakafin fataucin mutane. Wasu mutane sun fusata kan yadda Devatop ke amfani da matasa wajen yaki da safarar mutane. Tunanin ƙungiyar dai shi ne, tunda matasa ne kan gaba wajen fataucin mutane, to akwai buƙatar a basu horo da basu kwarin guiwa domin su kasance a sahun gaba wajen yakar wannan munanan laifuka. Ƙungiyar ta samar da kayayyakin ilimi da kuma hidima ga yaran da ke gudun hijira. Aƙalla makarantu 90 a cikin al'ummomin 85 sun amfana daga gudummawar ilimi da tarukan karawa juna sani.
Haɗin kai
Ƙungiyar ta yi hadin gwiwa da:
Selma Rosun
Ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar matasa ta Afirka ta shekarar 2009, ta kare a matsayi na goma a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2010, ta biyar a Gasar Wasannin Afirka ta shekarar 2011, ta shida a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2012, ta lashe lambar tagulla a Jeux 2013 de la Francophonie, ta zo na goma sha biyu a gasar Commonwealth ta shekarar 2014, ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2014, ta kare na shida a gasar Afirka ta shekarar 2015, na bakwai a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2016, ta hudu a shekarar 2017 Jeux de la Francophonie, na bakwai a gasar Commonwealth ta 2018, ta biyar a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2018 kuma ta biyar a Gasar Wasannin Afirka na shekarar 2019.
Cibiyar Devatop don Ci gaban Afirka
Makarantar Koyon Rigakafin Fataucin Bil Adama da sauran Al'amura masu alaƙa
A cikin shekara ta 2015, ƙungiyar ta fara aikin gwaji akan Cibiyar Kula da Rigakafin Fataucin Bil Adama da sauran Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa. Wanda ya ƙirƙiro, Mista Osuigwe ya ce, “Cibiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan Horowa, Shawarwari, Bincike, Kafafen Yada Labarai, Bugawa da ƙarfafawa. A kashin farko na aikin gwajin, an horas da matasa 120 daga jahohi 6 na Najeriya, inda suka yi tasiri ga rayuwar mutane 6000 cikin watanni 9. Sun kuma bayar da rahoton faruwar lamarin fataucin mutane. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka ruwaito ita ce Amina da aka yi garkuwa da su daga Abuja zuwa Kano domin auren dole.”  Daga karshe muka kubutar da ita.
Selma Rosun
Mafi kyawun jifa na sirri shine mita 53.98, wanda aka samu a watan Mayu 2019 a Savona.
Cibiyar Devatop don Ci gaban Afirka
TALKAM
A ranar 25 ga Oktoban shekara ta 2018, Cibiyar Devatop don Ci gaban Afirka ta ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ta TALKAM don ba da rahoton fataucin mutane da cin zarafin jinsi; da kuma kafar yada bayanan fataucin bil adama da za ta taimaka wajen tattara bayanai na nau’ukan safarar mutane daban-daban da kuma kokarin da gwamnatoci ke yi na magance su a kowace jihohi guda 36 na Najeriya. TALKAM wani sabon shiri ne wanda ke mayar da hankali kan yin amfani da kayan aikin fasaha da sadarwa don yin magana game da fataucin bil adama, cin zarafi da ƙaura ba bisa ka'ida ba. Yana sa ido, tantancewa, bayar da rahoto, bayar da shawarwari da zaburar da ayyuka a tsakanin al'umma, masu tsara manufofi, gwamnati, da kuma mafi mahimmanci don canza halin da ake ciki a Najeriya.
Usman Abd'Allah
Usman Abd'Allah Usman Abd'Allah (an haife shi a shekara ta 1974) shi ne kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya-Faransa. Rayuwar farko Tsohon dan wasan Najeriya Usman Abd'Allah shi ne babban mai horar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Enyimba.[1][2][3][4][5] An haife shi kuma aka haife shi a jihar Kano da ke arewacin Najeriya. Ya kammala karatunsa a can. Ya fara makarantar firamare ta Tarauni sannan ya wuce makarantar Government Secondary School, Kazaure, kafin ya karanci kimiyyar sinadarai a Kaduna State Polytechnic inda ya kammala a shekarar 1989.[6]
Cibiyar Devatop don Ci gaban Afirka
TALKAM
Ƙungiyar ta fara shirin TALKAM na mako-mako na rediyo da talbijin na yaki da safarar mutane da kaura a gidan rediyon kare haƙƙin dan Adam 101.1FM Abuja. Shirin wanda ke zuwa duk ranar Juma'a daga ƙarfe 10 na safe zuwa ƙarfe 10:30 na safe, ya ƙunshi kwararru don wayar da kan 'yan ƙasar kan sabbin hanyoyin safarar mutane da hijira, tare da ba su damar shiga waya don yabawa ko bayar da rahoto a yayin wasan.
Zinariya
asalamu alaikum sakun zuwa ga shugaban kasar niger muhamed bazoum mu yan niger muna neman ka igata muna harakar ma adanai kasa kamar su zinariya zuwa gawaye uraniyu da saurana su wasalama
Usman Abd'Allah
manazarta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usman_Abd'Allah
Cibiyar Devatop don Ci gaban Afirka
Ƙarshen shawarwarin kaciyar mata
Domin kare ‘yancin mata da ‘yan mata, Cibiyar Devatop ta ci gaban Afirka, ta hannun Babban Daraktanta, Joseph Osuigwe, ta kaddamar da shirin kawo karshen FGM Advocacy, inda ta sanya kungiyar a cikin manyan kungiyoyin da ke yaki da kaciyar mata a Najeriya. Devatop ya samu tallafi daga The Girl Generation  da The Pollination Project don horar da  sama da 210 masu ba da shawara  a Jihar Imo da Abuja. Masu ba da shawara da aka horar suna ɗaukar matakai don isa ga membobin al'umma 15,000.
Hanns Vischer
Malan Hanns Vischer, CMG, CBE (1876-1945) ɗan ƙasar Switzerland ne, haifaffen Biritaniya, wanda ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin ilimi ga gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya. An nada shi Daraktan Ilimi na farko na yankin Arewa kuma ya kirkiro manufofin farko na ilimin boko ga yankin. Bayan da ya yi ritaya daga aikin mulkin mallaka, ya yi aiki a matsayin mamba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari kan Ilimi a yankunan damina na Biritaniya na tsawon shekaru goma sha shida.
Tarihin rayuwa
Ischer an haife shi ga Rosalie da Adolphe Vischer, mahaifinsa marubuci ne kuma marubuci ne kuma kakansa na uba, Wilhem Vischer, Furotesta farfesa ne a Jami'ar Basle kuma ya kasance zuriya daga zuriyar dillalan siliki.[1]. Rosalie Fischer kuma ta kasance daga dangin kasuwanci da ke da alaƙa da cinikin masaku, danginta, Sarasins, sun kasance na al'adun Huguenot da ke gudanar da kasuwanci a Basel.[1] Vischer ya yi karatunsa na farko a Basel da Niesky, Jamus, ya tafi Ingila kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Kudu maso Gabas, Ramsgate kafin ya sami digirinsa na farko da na biyu daga Kwalejin Emmanuel, Cambridge.
Tasharsa ta farko ita ce a Bornu, a nan ya ji labarin cinikin ayari da hanyar bayi tsakanin Tripoli da Bornu. A cikin 1906, Vischer ya yi tafiya ta cikin Sahara, daga Tripoli zuwa Kukawa don nazarin wasu al'adu da ka iya yin tasiri ga mutanen Kanuri. Daga cikin fasinjojin da ke cikin wannan tafiya akwai ‘yantattun bayi da mahajjata daga Makkah da masu tuka rakuma da jagorori daga Nijar[2]. A cikin 1908, Vischer ya sami digiri na biyu a sashin ilimi don bunkasa makarantar masana'antu a Nasarawa, Kano. Shi kaxai ne aka ba shi shawara a kan wannan mukami, ta hanyar ilimin Larabci da Hausa da Fulatanci da Kanuri amma kuma saboda ya kasance mai tausayin al’adun Kanuri ne[1]. Don shirya shi don sabon matsayinsa, an tura shi Masar da Sudan don yin karatun Kuttab da makarantu a Mansoura, Bulaq da Giza da Sudan.
James Scott-Hopkins
Sir James Sidney Rawdon Scott-Hopkins (29 Nuwamba 1921 - 11 Maris 1995) ɗan siyasa ne na jam'iyyar Conservative dake Biritaniya.
Aiki
Ya shiga aikin sojan Burtaniya a shekarar 1939. An ba shi izini a cikin 3rd QAO Gurkha Rifles a cikin 1942 kuma ya yi aiki a kan iyakar Arewa-Yamma, yana ba da umarnin Kamfanin C na Bataliya ta 4, kuma a Burma har zuwa 1946, bayan da ya ɗauki kwamiti na yau da kullun a cikin Infantry na King's Own Yorkshire a 1944. Ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar 1950 kuma ya zama manomi.
Takara
Scott-Hopkins ya fito takara a Bedwellty a 1955. Ya kasance ɗan majalisa (MP) na mazabar North Cornwall daga 1959 har sai da ya rasa kujera a hannun Liberal John Pardoe a 1966. Ya taba zama sakataren majalisar tarayya a MAFF 1962–64. An sake zabe shi a matsayin MP na West Derbyshire a zaben fidda gwani na 1967, kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa 1979.
Ɗan majalissa
Magajinsa shine Matthew Parris. Ya yi aiki, a lokaci guda (zuwa 1979), a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) daga 1979, lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a mazabar Hereford da Worcester Turai, yana aiki har zuwa 1994
Bronwyn Bishop
Bronwyn Kathleen Bishop AO (née Setright ; an haife shi a watan 19 Oktoba 1942) tsohon ɗan siyasa ne na Ostiraliya. Ta kasance dan majalisar tarayya na kusan shekaru 30, mafi tsawon lokacin hidimar da mace ta yi. Memba ce a Jam'iyyar Liberal, ta kasance minista a Gwamnatin Howard daga 1996 zuwa 2001 kuma Shugabar Majalisar Wakilai ne daga 2013 zuwa 2015. An haifi Bishop a Sydney kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya ne kafin ya shiga siyasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jaha na New South Wales Liberals daga 1985 zuwa 1987, sannan ta ci zaɓe ga Majalisar Dattawa a zaɓen tarayya na 1987. Ta zama sanata mace ta biyu a jihar kuma na farko da jama'a suka zaba. A cikin 1994 Bishop ya canza zuwa Majalisar Wakilai, inda ya lashe zaben cike gurbi na Sashin Mackellar. Ta kasance minista inuwa a ƙarƙashin John Hewson, Alexander Downer, da John Howard.
Taran Kano
Shi shura, Wanda aka fi sani da Taran Kano a Hausa ( ma’ana Kano na tara ko majalisa ta tara), majalisace a masarautar Kano. Shi ai nafin lokacin kafuwar wannan majalissu shine Wanda har yau ake Mahawara kansu. Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, shi majalisar ta kun shi hukumomi tara, Wanda ukku daga cikinsu suna gaba da sarki, sai wasu ukku suna dai-dai da sarki da sauran ukkun kuma suna kasa da sarki.
James Scott-Hopkins
Iyali
Ya auri Geraldine Hargreaves a Eton a cikin shekarar 1946 yana da (Ƴaƴa uku, 'ya daya).
Mutuwa
Ya mutu a Westminster, yana da shekaru 73.
Aruwa Ameh
Aruwa Ameh (an haife shi 10 Disamba 1990) dan kwallon kafa na Najeriya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin wanda yake fitowa don Bayelsa United a Lijar Najeriya. A shekarar 2007, lokacin ya yi aiki tare da Kaduna United, ya kasance mafi yawan bukatar shigo a Lijar Najeriya. Ameh ya mutu cikin jin-dama bayan goma sha takwas a shekarar 2011 a Kaduna.
manazarta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruwa_Ameh
Mamadou Mariem Diallo
Mamadou Mariem Diallo (an haife shi ranar 2 ga watan Maris ɗin 1967) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal. Ya buga wasanni goma a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal daga 1993 zuwa 1994. An kuma sanya sunan shi a cikin ƴan wasan Senegal da za su taka leda a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika a shekara ta1992.
72 (alƙalami)
72 (sabaʼin da biyu) alƙalami ne, tsakanin 71 da 73.
Churchill Oliseh
Churchill Oliseh manajan ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya ne wanda ke kula da FC Ebedei. Shi ne mahaifin Sekou Oliseh kuma ɗan'uwan Azubuike Oliseh, Egutu Oliseh da Sunday Oliseh.
'Yancin aikin Jarida a Eritrea
Ko da yake kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Eritiriya ya ba da tabbacin ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da yada labarai, amma an sanya Eritrea a matsayin daya daga cikin kasashen da suka fi muni ta fuskar ‘yancin ‘yan jarida. A shekarar 2004, 'Yan jaridu a Eritrea a karkashin gwamnatin Isaias Afwerki sun kasance cikin kulawa sosai.
Churchill Oliseh
Churchill Oliseh yana da nasaba da gano ɗan wasan Najeriya Obafemi Martins yana buga ƙwallon titi a Legas.
'Yancin aikin Jarida a Eritrea
Matsayin doka
Gwamnatin Eritriya ta zartar da wasu dokoki don takaita 'yancin 'yan jarida a kasarta. A shekara ta 1996, an kafa wata doka ta hana watsa shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da 'yan jarida, wadanda a yanzu suna bukatar lasisi don samun damar yin aiki. A shekarar 2001, an dakatar da duk kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu, barin kafofin watsa labarai na gwamnati a matsayin madadin kawai. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin iyakoki, "dole ne a gabatar da littattafan watsa labarai don amincewar gwamnati kafin a fito da su" a cewar Freedom House.
Tun daga 2001, an kama 'yan jarida da dama ba tare da wani tuhuma ba a cewar kwamitin kare 'yan jarida (CPJ), ciki har da 'yan jarida 17 da aka daure a Eritriya tun daga ranar 1 ga watan Disamba 2015. Daga cikin dauri na baya-bayan nan, a shekarar 2011 an kama wasu 'yan jarida hudu da ke aiki a gidan rediyo da talabijin na gwamnati (Dimtsi Hafash) tare da daure su. Babu wani bayani kan yanayin wadanda aka daure; da yawa ana jin sun mutu tun daga lokacin, duk da cewa a kowane hali babu tabbaci. A cikin 2014, lauyoyi sun yi ƙoƙari su matsa wa kotunan Sweden don bincika laifukan cin zarafin bil adama, azabtarwa, da kuma sace mutane, saboda daure dan jaridar Sweden-Eritrea Dawit Isaak a cewar kwamitin kare jarida. Hukumomin Eritrea sun ki ba da hadin kai kuma an rufe karar. Yayin da ake samun rahotannin cewa Isaak ya mutu a tsare a shekarar 2011, ba a tabbatar da hakan ba, wasu rahotanni kuma na cewa mai yiwuwa yana raye a shekarar 2015.
Matsayin siyasa
Yawancin 'yan jarida sun tsere daga Eritrea saboda tursasawa da dauri ba bisa ka'ida ba. Bugu da ƙari, ƴan jaridan da suka ci gaba da biyayya da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan tantance kansu. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar masu adawa ta fara ƙirƙira da yaɗa wata jarida ta ƙasa, Echoes of Forto, a Asmara. Tawagar da ke ciki da wajen kasar ce ta rubuta jaridar. Kungiyar da ke da sabanin ra'ayi ta bayyana takardar a matsayin aikin gwaji, kuma tana fatan fadada ta.
Rediyo Erena, wanda masu fafutuka na Eritrea da kuma Reporters Without Borders daga Paris ke gudanarwa, an kaddamar da su a shekara ta 2009. Ana iya shiga ta hanyar intanet, tauraron dan adam, da dandalin “kira-da-saurara”. Duk da cewa kasar Eritriya tana daya daga cikin kasashe mafi karancin kutse a intanet a duniya, kusan kashi 1 cikin dari, har yanzu gwamnati na kokarin toshe gidajen yanar gizo da dama da 'yan gudun hijirar Eritriya ke gudanarwa. An yi imanin cewa hukumomi na sa ido kan hanyoyin sadarwa ta imel kuma wasu masu amfani da su suna zargin cewa masu ba da labari na gwamnati suna bin diddigin ayyukan masu amfani a wuraren shan intanet.
Tun daga shekara ta 2004, ba a yarda da 'yan jarida na kasashen waje a Eritrea sai dai idan sun kasance a shirye su ba da rahoto mai kyau game da kasar da siyasarta.
'Yan jarida da dama sun shiga kasar a boye kuma a lokuta da dama shugaban Eritiriya ya amince da yin hira da gidajen talabijin kamar Al-Jazeera ko Sweden TV. Sai dai a shekara ta 2013, gwamnatin Eritiriya ta hana tashar Aljazeera na tsawon makwanni biyu, saboda yadda ta yi ta yada zanga-zangar da aka yi a gaban ofisoshin jakadancin kasar a garuruwa daban-daban kamar London, Rome, da Stockholm.
Abubuwa na sirri
Biyo bayan dokokin da aka zartar na tace kafafen yada labarai da jaridu, an tsare ‘yan jarida da dama tun shekara ta 2001.
Dawit Habtemichael
Dawit malami ne kuma ɗan jarida wanda aka daure a gidan yari ba tare da wani tuhuma ba a shekarar 2001. Tsoffin abokan aikinsa a jaridar Echo sun dauke shi a matsayin mai hazaka, mai tsauri da kwazon aiki. Ya kafa wata jarida mai zaman kanta, Meqaleh, inda ya rubuta labarai masu mahimmanci a cikin littafinsa na yau da kullum. Ba da daɗewa ba ‘yan sanda suka tsare shi a makarantar da yake aiki. A cewar kungiyar Reporters Without Borders, Dawit ya mutu a gidan yari a shekarar 2010 tare da editan mujallar Matios Habteab.
Dawit Isaak
Dawit Isaak ɗan jaridar Sweden ne kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Sweden wanda gwamnatin Eritiriya ta ɗaure a gidan yari a shekara ta 2001 ba tare da shari'a ba. Aikinsa na farko a Eritriya shi ne wakilin jaridar Setit na farko a kasar.
An kama shi ne a gidansa da ke birnin Asmara. A cikin Afrilu 2002, CPJ ta ba da rahoton cewa dole ne a kwantar da Dawit a asibiti saboda azabtarwa. A watan Nuwamba 2005 aka sake shi daga gidan yari, amma bayan kwana biyu aka sake daure shi. An sha yada jita-jitar mutuwar tasa, amma ba a san ko yana raye ko ya rasu ba.
Fessayah "Joshua" Yohannes
Mawaki ne, mai wasan circus kuma marubucin labari. A cewar Aaron Berhane, an san Yohannes a matsayin mutum mai son zuciya, abokantaka da rikon amana. Tare da wasu editocin Eritrea, an kama Yohannes a ranar 23 ga watan Satumba, 2001, a gidansa. Akwai bayanan da ke cewa ya rasu a shekarar 2006 ko 2007, saboda matsalolin lafiya.
Idris Abu'Are
Idris Abu'Are ya kasance hamshakin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda yake karantawa jama'a da karatuttukan karawa juna sani kan tarihin 'yancin kai na Eritriya. Bayan shekarar 1991, Abu'Are ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje kuma yana ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga jaridar Eritrea al-Haditha ta gwamnati.
Idris ya yi suka sosai a ma’aikatar, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki da jaridar Tsigenay kuma ya buga tarin gajerun labarai a shekarar 1992. Koyaya, gwamnati ta sanya shi baƙar fata saboda ra'ayinsa kuma an kama shi a cikin Oktoba 2001. Yana da aure yana da 'ya daya kuma ya ci gaba da zama a gidan yari.
Yirgalem Fisseha Mebrahtu
A ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu, 2009, an kama Yirgalem Fisseha Mebrahtu tare da wasu mutane kusan 30 a ginin gidan rediyon; Ita kadai ce mace a cikin wadanda aka kama. An zarge ta da cewa tana da alaka da kafafen yada labaran kasashen waje; wasu tuhume-tuhumen da ake zargin sun hada da yunkurin kashe shugaban kasa da kuma bata ‘yan siyasa. Ta shafe shekaru biyu na farko a gidan yari a gidan yarin Mai Swra, inda ita ma aka azabtar da ita.
Gwarzon Malamin Afirka: Usman Dan Fodiyo (Littafi)
Gwarzon Malamin Afirka Usman Dan Fodiyo (A larabce: أسطورة إفريقيا وعالمها الشيخ عثمان بن فودي) littafi ne wanda babban mai bincike kuma marubuci dan kasar Katar Ali Bin Ghanim Alhajri ya wallafa kan tarihin rayuwar Shehin malami Usman Dan Fodiyo a shekara 2022. Littafin ya samu karbuwa inda ya haska rayuwar malamin tun daga farkon rayuwar sa zuwa kafa sabuwar daular musulunci a Arewacin Najeriya da ma wasu yankunan gabashin Afirka. Littafin na iya kasancewa babban aikin bincike da wani balarabe yayi akan rayuwar Shehu Usman Dan Fodiyo a cikin kwanakin nan.
Kunshiya
Littafin na dauke da fasali guda hudu:
3. Kokarin Usman Dan Fodiyo wajen karfafa tsarin mulki: wannan fasalin yana dauke da tsarin mulki wannan Usman Dan Fodiyo ya kafa, ta yadda littafin ya bayyana makan iko a daular musulunci da irin rabe-rabe na yankunan daular.
4. Kokarin Usman Dan Fodiyo a fegen ilimi: a wannan fasali, marubucin littafin ya anbaci irin ci gaba da harkar ilimi ta samu zamanin Usman Dan Fodiyo. Ya kuma ambaci iri gudunmawar da malamin ya bayar wajen karatun mata a wannan zamin. Fasalin ya tabo gefen gudunmawar malamin wajen rubuce-rubucen littafai da wake irin na labaci.
Derren Brown
Derren Brown (an haife shi 27 ga watan Fabrairu 1971) ne English mentalist, illusionist, mai zane-zane,ne  da kuma mawallafin. Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin 1992, inda ya fara halarta ta talabijin tare da Derren Brown: Mind Control a cikin 2000, kuma tun daga lokacin da ya samar da ƙarin nunin don mataki da talabijin. Nunin sa na 2006 Wani Abu Mugu Wannan Hanyar tazo kuma nunin sa na 2012 Svengali ya lashe kyautar Laurence Olivier guda biyu don Mafi Nishaɗi. Ya yi karon farko na Broadway tare da wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon na 2019 na Sirri. Ya kuma rubuta littattafai ga masu sihiri da sauran jama'a.
Allan Rogers
Allan Ralph Rogers (an haife shi 24 Oktoban shekarar 1932) ɗan siyasan Jam'iyyar Labour ne na Burtaniya. Ya kuma kasance ɗan Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) mai wakiltar Kudu maso Gabashin Wales daga 1979 zuwa 1984, kuma dan majalisa (MP) mai wakiltar Rhondda a Wales daga 1983 har zuwa lokacin da ya sauka a babban zaben 2001.
Aikin majalisa
A lokacin da ya zama dan majalisar wakilai, Rogers ya yi aiki a kwamitin al'amuran Welsh, kwamitin lissafin jama'a da kwamitin binciken Turai.
Jaridar The Guardian ta zayyano cewa ana yi masa tayin takwarorinsa ne domin neman wani dan takarar da ya hau kujerarsa, domin yana daya daga cikin mafi aminci ga Labour, tayin da ya yi zargin ya ki amincewa.
Cheick Omar Diabate
Nijar
Da yake karɓar muƙamin Gernot Rohr a matsayin kocin Nijar a 2014, Diabate ya jagoranci Menas zuwa Cape Verde da ci 3-1 da kuma 1-1 da Mozambique, a ƙarshe ya kasa samun tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2015.
Tun da farko, shi ne mataimakin kocin tawagar ƙasar amma an ba shi aikin kammala yaƙin neman tikitin shiga gasar bayan tafiyar Rohr. Ya kuma yi ƙarin haske kan matakin da hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Togo ta ɗauka na dakatar da gasar wasannin cikin gida tare da ba su tabbacin ci gaba da gasar.
Manazarta
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Muhammadjon Rakhimov
Kulab
A watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, Rakhimov ya sanya hannu kan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta FC Istiklol.
Na duniya
Rakhimov ya fara taka leda a kasa da kasa a wasan sada zumunci da suka tashi 0-0 da kulob din Syria, inda ya maye gurbin Nozim Babadjanov a minti na 70.
Kididdiga dai-dai kamar wasan buga 7 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2020
Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Eritrea
Gwamnatin Eritrea ta ci gaba da yin watsi da zarge-zargen da cewa na da alaka da siyasa. A matsayin wani yunƙuri na yin gyare-gyare, jami'an gwamnatin Eritrea da wakilan ƙungiyoyin sa-kai sun halarci tarurrukan jama'a da tattaunawa da dama. Wani sabon yunkuri mai suna Citizens for Democratic Rights a Eritrea, wanda ke da nufin samar da tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnati da 'yan adawa, an kafa shi a farkon shekara ta 2009.
Dubawa
Eritrea kasa ce mai jam’iyya daya wacce a cikinta aka dage zaben ‘yan majalisar dokokin kasa akai-akai, kuma ana daukar tarihin hakkin dan Adam a cikin mafi muni a duniya. Tun bayan rikicin Eritiriya da Habasha a shekarun 1998–2001, rikon kare hakkin dan Adam na Eritrea ya kara tabarbarewa. Ana yawan take haƙƙin ɗan adam daga gwamnati ko a madadin gwamnati. 'Yancin fadin albarkacin baki, jarida, taro, da taro sun iyakance. Ana kama waɗanda suke bin addinan “marasa rajista”, suna ƙoƙarin tserewa daga ƙasar, ko kuma su guje wa aikin soja kuma ana saka su a kurkuku. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty, Eritriya na daya daga cikin kasashen da suka fi fuskantar danniya a duniya. A cikin ’yan shekarun nan, an sami ƙarin matakan hana masu ibada yin ibadarsu. Wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka fi tuhumar su ne Shaidun Jehobah, da kuma ’yan ikilisiyoyin bishara. Gwamnatin Eritrea ta rufe majami'unsu, kuma ta tsananta wa membobin ikilisiyoyi da dama. Bayan ’yancin kai, gwamnatin Shugaba Isaias Afwerki ta hana Shaidun Jehobah duk wani hakki na musamman. Babu memba da zai iya samun kowane taimakon gwamnati, ko amfani da kowane sabis na gwamnati. Ba a yarda Shaidun Jehovah su sami katin shaida na ƙasa ba, idan ba tare da wanda ba a yarda su saka hannu a fagen siyasa da zamantakewa na Eritrea. Katin shaida na ƙasa yana ba ƴan ƙasa damar shiga rayuwar yau da kullum, da kuma mu'amala da gwamnati ko wata cibiyar kuɗi. Gwamnati ta soma ƙyale ’yan’uwan Shaidun Jehobah su yi imaninsu a cikin gidansu ba bisa ƙa’ida ba. Har yanzu an hana su gudanar da aiki a duk wani fili na jama'a. Iyalai da dama sun tsere daga kasar don neman mafaka a kasashen waje saboda yawan zalunci da dauri. A cewar Amnesty International, a halin yanzu akwai iyalai 250 da suka bar Eritrea domin neman mafaka a kasashen waje. Ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa ba a yarda su yi aiki a Eritrea. Addinai masu rijista, tushen ƙidayar jama'a sune Cocin Orthodox Tewahedo Church (ɗariƙar miaphysite Oriental Orthodox), Cocin Roman Katolika, Ikilisiyar Lutheran Eritrea, da Sunni Islama. Ana tsananta wa duk wasu addinai, ciki har da wasu ƙungiyoyin Islama, kamar Shi'a, da sauran ƙungiyoyin Kiristanci, kamar kowace ɗariƙar Furotesta da yawa (ban da Cocin Lutheran na Eritrea) da kuma Shaidun Jehovah. An bai wa dukkanin mabiya addinin Kirista ’yancin yin ibada har zuwa shekara ta 2002 lokacin da gwamnati ta haramta ibada da taro a wajen ‘yan darikar ‘rejista’. Ikklisiyoyi masu bishara a Eritrea sun kasance wasu ƙungiyoyin addini da aka fi tsananta wa. Don ƙungiyoyin addini su shiga kuma su aiwatar da imaninsu cikin yanci dole ne su nemi rajista tare da Sashen Harkokin Addini. Gwamnati ta kwace coci-coci da gine-ginen addini da dama.
A shekara ta 2003, an sami rikodi da aka kama da aka yi wa ’yan cocin bishara. Jami’an tsaro na zuwa wuraren tarurrukan addini ko bukukuwan aure daban-daban don gudanar da kamun ludayin jama’a, “’Yan sanda sun ware bukukuwan aure na addini a cikin gidaje a matsayin wani lokaci don tattara masu imani. Ya zama al’ada ga gwamnati ta sa mabiyan su yi watsi da imaninsu: “An matsa wa fursunonin ne ta hanyar azabtarwa ko kuma musguna musu, tare da barazanar tsare su har abada, su sa hannu kan takardar amincewa da wasu sharuɗɗan sakin, kamar kada su halarci addini. tarurruka. An ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta wa wasu su yi watsi da imaninsu kuma sun yarda su koma Cocin Orthodox.” Yawancin wadannan fursunonin addini an sha fuskantar shari'a a asirce da kuma hukuncin dauri a asirce. Kawo yanzu dai ba a san dalilin da ya sa ‘yan ta’adda a coci-coci ba, kamar yadda kungiyar kare hakkin bil’adama ta Amnesty International ta ce, “ci gaba da murkushe kungiyoyin addini marasa rinjaye, gwamnati ba ta taba yin hakan ba amma da alama tana da alaka da matakin da gwamnati ta dauka kan matasa masu kokarin kaucewa soji. aikin yi". Ana yawan azabtar da fursunonin addini a Eritrea. 'Yancin gudanar da ibada na daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da dubban 'yan kasar Eritriya suka fice daga kasar. Akwai dubban 'yan Eritrea a Habasha, Sudan, Isra'ila, Turai da kuma Yamma suna neman mafaka.
'Yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida suna da matukar tauyewa yayin da ake tauye 'yancin yin taro, kungiyoyi, motsi da kuma addini. Baya ga adawar siyasa, kafafen yada labarai kuma su ne abin da gwamnatin ta ke kaiwa hari. A shekara ta 2001, an daure 'yan jarida goma sha uku saboda goyon bayansu ga ministocin da suka nuna adawa. Daga cikin su, Fesshaye Yohannes ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Janairu, 2007, a gidan yarin Eiraeiro da ke arewa maso gabashin kasar. Baya ga ‘yan jarida, an daure daruruwan ‘yan siyasa da sojoji.
A shekara ta 2015, rahoton hukumar ta UNHRC mai shafuka 500 ya yi cikakken bayani kan zarge-zargen kisan gilla, azabtarwa, yi wa kasa hidima na tsawon lokaci ba da jimawa ba da kuma aikin tilastawa, ya kuma nuna cewa cin zarafin mata, fyade da kuma tsawaita aikin lalata da jami'an jihar ke yi. The Guardian ta buga rahoton r na 'yawan cin zarafin bil'adama "a kan iyaka da ma'auni da ba kasafai ake shaidawa a wani wuri ba". Majalisar ta kuma tabbatar da cewa wannan cin zarafi na iya zama laifukan cin zarafin bil adama. Barbara Lochbihler, ta kwamitin kula da kare hakkin bil adama na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, ta ce rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani game da ''mummunan take hakkin dan Adam', kuma ya nuna cewa ba za a ci gaba da ba da tallafin da EU ke bayarwa don raya kasa a halin yanzu ba tare da sauyi a Eritrea ba.
Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Eritiriya ta mayar da martani inda ta bayyana rahoton na hukumar a matsayin "zargin daji" wanda sam sam ba su da tushe balle makama. A wata sanarwa da mai baiwa shugaban kasar Eritiriya shawara Yemane Gebreab ya fitar ta zargi kwamitin da kasancewa mai "bangare daya gaba daya", ta kuma nuna cewa "Eritirea ta yi watsi da zargin siyasa da rashin tushe da kuma shawarwarin da kungiyar COI ta bayar. Ya yi imanin cewa harin da ba shi da tushe ba wai kawai kan Eritrea ba, har ma da Afirka da kasashe masu tasowa." Rahoton Hukumar Binciken (CoI) ya dogara ne kan shaidar wasu mutane 833 da ba a san sunansu ba da ake zargin 'yan Eritrea ne. Dangane da haka, wani adadi mai yawa na al'ummar Eritiriya sun yi watsi da rahoton kwamitin bincike. 'Yan Eritriya 230,000 ne suka sanya hannu kan takardar korafe-korafe kan takardar sannan 'yan Eritrea 45,000 ne suka bayar da shaidar kare Eritrea, wanda bai bayyana a cikin rahoton ba. 'Yan Eritrea 850 sun nemi da su gabatar da kansu don bayyana kansu a Geneva kuma su ba da shaidarsu ga UNHRC a kan takardar. Bugu da kari, sama da 'yan Eritrea 10,000 ne suka yi zanga-zangar adawa da rahoton a Geneva. Kasashe da dama kuma sun yi watsi da kalaman batanci na rahoton, musamman Amurka da China. A wani taron da aka tsara, jami’in diflomasiyyar Amurka Eric Richardson ya ce takardar Eritiriya ba ta da “tsaro da daidaito” kamar yadda rahoton Koriya ta Arewa da Amurka ba za su iya tallafawa harshen rubutun ba tare da yin kwaskwarima ba. Bugu da kari, mai baiwa shugaban kasar Eritiriya shawara Yemane, ya zargi Habasha da "wasu munanan laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da kisan kiyashin da ake yi wa al'ummarta", yana mai cewa babban abin mamaki ne yadda Habasha za ta iya amfani da majalisar wajen ganin an amince da kudurin kan Eritrea.
Tun bayan rikicin Eritriya da Habasha a shekarun 1998-2001, al'amuran kare hakkin bil'adama na kasar na fuskantar suka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ana zargin gwamnati ko kuma a madadin gwamnati na aikata laifukan take hakkin ɗan adam. 'Yancin fadin albarkacin baki, jarida, taro, da ƙulla sun iyakance. Ana kama waɗanda suke bin addinan “marasa rajista”, suna ƙoƙarin tserewa daga ƙasar, ko kuma su guje wa aikin soja kuma ana saka su a kurkuku. A lokacin gwagwarmayar neman ‘yancin kai na Eritiriya, hukumomin Habasha sun tafka ta’asa da dama a kan fararen hular Eritriya marasa makami (maza, mata da yara). Kusan, sojojin Habasha sun kashe fararen hula 90,000 na Eritrea. A lokacin yakin Eritriya da Habasha na shekarar 1998, gwamnatin EPRDF ta kuma kori tare da kwace kadarorin 'yan Eritrea da Habasha 77,000 masu zaman kansu. Yawancin 'yan Eritrea da Habasha 77,000 'yan asalin Eritriya an yi la'akari da su da kyau ta yanayin rayuwar Habasha. An kore su ne bayan an kwace musu kayansu.
Duk 'yan Eritriya masu shekaru 18-40 dole ne su kammala aikin aikin ƙasa na wajibi, wanda ya haɗa da aikin soja. Tsakanin daliban manyan makarantu 10,000 zuwa 25,000 ne ke shafe shekara ta 12 na karatu a daya daga cikin sansanonin masu yi wa kasa hidima, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne sansanin da ke kusa da Sawa. An aiwatar da wannan hidimar ta kasa ne bayan da Eritrea ta samu 'yancin kai daga Habasha, a matsayin hanyar kariya daga duk wata barazana ga Eritriya, da sanya girman kan kasa, da samar da al'umma masu tarbiyya. Hidimar kasa ta Eritiriya na bukatar dogon lokaci, na wa’adin shiga aikin soja, wanda wasu ‘yan Eritriya ke barin kasar domin gujewa.
Rahoton Human Rights Watch na watan Agusta na shekarar 2019 ya yi ikirarin cewa makarantar sakandare ta Eritrea ta tilasta wa dalibai shiga aikin soja ko na gwamnati da ba su da iyaka kuma da yawa sun tsere daga kasar saboda wannan. Kungiyar ta bayyana tsarin ilimi na Eritriya a matsayin na'urar daukar ma'aikata da ke cin zarafi ga dalibai da suka hada da azabtarwa, matsananciyar yanayin aiki da rashin isasshen albashi don tallafawa iyalansu.
A watan Yunin 2022, wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan kare hakkin bil'adama a kasar Eritrea, Mohamed Abdelsalam Babiker, ya fitar da wani rahoto yana mai suka game da tabarbarewar yanayin 'yancin dan Adam a kasar. Daga cikin laifukan da aka yi rikodin, shigar da sojoji tilas, kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba, bacewar da azabtarwa sun kasance ruwan dare. Rahoton ya kuma shafi shigar kasar Eritrea a yakin da ake yi da makamai a kasar Habasha. An yi garkuwa da 'yan gudun hijirar Eritrea da ke sansanonin Habasha tare da tilasta musu fada.
Gyaran baya
Jami'an gwamnatin Eritrea da wakilan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun halarci tarurrukan jama'a da tattaunawa da dama. A cikin waɗannan zaman sun amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci kamar, "Mene ne 'yancin ɗan adam?" , "Wane ne ke ƙayyade menene haƙƙin ɗan adam?", da "Me ya kamata a gabaci, haƙƙin ɗan adam ko na gama gari?" .
74 (alƙalami)
74 (sabaʼin da huɗu) alƙalami ne, tsakanin 73 da 75.
Hakkin Ɗan Adam a Eritrea
Gyaran baya
A shekara ta 2007, gwamnatin Eritrea ta hana yi wa mata kaciya. Majalisun yanki da shugabannin addini suma suna ci gaba da nuna rashin amincewarsu da yin amfani da yankan mata. Sun ambaci abubuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya da ’yancin kai a matsayin abin da ya fi damunsu lokacin da suka faɗi haka. Bugu da ƙari, suna roƙon mutanen karkara da su yi watsi da wannan tsohuwar al'ada.
A farkon shekara ta 2009, an kafa wani sabon yunkuri mai suna Citizens for Democratic Rights a Eritrea da nufin samar da tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnati da 'yan adawa a farkon shekara ta 2009. Kungiyar ta kunshi talakawan kasa da wasu makusantan gwamnati. An kaddamar da wannan yunkuri ne a wani taro na kwanaki biyu a birnin Landan, bayan yunkurin tattaunawa da aka yi a baya ya ci tura.
Freedom House
An dauki Eritrea "ba 'yanci ba" bisa ga Freedom House Freedom a cikin rahoton 2022 na Duniya, wanda ya yi scoring 1/40 akan 'yancin siyasa da 2/60 akan 'yancin jama'a.
Yanayin Tarihi
Mai zuwa shine ginshiƙi na ƙimar Eritrea tun a shekarar 1993 a cikin rahoton 'Yanci a Duniya, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba". 1
Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya
Matsayin Eritiriya game da yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil adama na kasa da kasa sune kamar haka:
Afrikawan Saudiyya
Afrikawan Saudiyya su ne mazaunan Saudiyya Bakar fata ƴan asalin Afirka. Afro-Saudis sune mafi girman rukuni na Afro-Arab. Ana yaduwa a duk faɗin ƙasar amma galibi ana samun su a manyan biranen Saudiyya. Afro-Saudis suna jin Larabci kuma suna bin Musulunci. Asalin su ya samo asali ne tun a shekaru aru-aru da suka gabata ga Musulman Afirka da suka yi hijira a Saudiyya da kuma cinikin bayi na Larabawa.
Tarihi
Larabawa da Afirka sun kasance suna tuntuɓar juna, farawa da hanyoyin musayar obsidian na ƙarni na 7 BC. An ƙarfafa waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa ta haɓaka daular Masar na karni na 4 BC. Masana kimiyya sun nuna yiwuwar wanzuwar matsuguni a Larabawa, daga mutanen yankin kahon Afirka, tun farkon karni na 3 da 2 BC.
Yawan jama'a
A shekarar 2021, yawansu ya kai 3,500,000, wato kashi 10% na mutanen Saudiyya 35,000,000.
Sadiyah
Sadiyah ( السعدية   ;  Kurdish) wani gari ne a cikin Diyala Governorate, Iraq. Tana kusa da Kogin Diyala kilomita 8 kudu da Jalawla. Larabawa, Kurdawa da Turkawa ne ke zaune a garin. Anyi jayayya dashi kuma ya sami masaniyar Balarabiya sosai a zamanin Saddam. K
Kungiyar Badr ce ke iko da Sadiyah.
Tarihi
Sadiyah ta kasance tsakiyar garin iyanan a gundumar Sadiyah tun zamanin Daular Usmaniyya. Kurdawa Kalhor da Sanjâbi sun yi amfani da Sadiyah a matsayin makiyayar hunturu waɗanda za su biya bashin haƙƙin makiyaya ga Ottomans. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tawayen a shekara ta 1920, Sadiyah ta faɗi a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta 1920 galibi saboda aikin ƙabilar Kurdawa ta Dilo.
Kurdawa sune kashi 50% na garin a kidayar shekara ta 1947 da 40.5% a cikin shekara ta 1957. Larabawa sun kasance 47.1% na yawan jama'a a cikin shekara ta 1957, yayin da Turkmenen Iraki suka kasance 12.4%. A kidayar shekara ta 1965, Larabawa sun fi rinjaye da 58.4% yayin da Kurdawa suka kasance 24.7% sannan Turkmen ya kasance 9.6%. A kidayar shekara ta 1977, yawan Larabawa ya karu zuwa 90.2%, yayin da Kurdawa da Turkmens suka kasance 5.1% da 4% bi da bi. A cikin shekara ta 1987, Larabawa sun kasance 87.8% na yawan, Kurdawa sun kasance 16.8% da Turkmens sun kasance 5.4%, yayin da lambobin sun kasance 83.1%, 9.9% da 7% na Larabawa, Kurdawa da Turkmens, bi da bi a cikin shekara ta 1997. Atesididdigar kwanan nan sun bayyana cewa Kurdawa sun zama 38% a cikin shekara ta 2003 da 12% a cikin shekara ta 2012.
Bayan faduwar Saddam Hussein a cikin shekara ta 2003, Yankin Kurdistan ya matsa wa Larabawa mazauna Khanaqin da su zauna a Sadiyah wanda hakan ya kara yawan Larabawa. An tura Peshmerga zuwa garin ne a shekara ta 2011 bayan da gwamnatin tarayya a Bagadaza ta nemi ta magance hare-haren da ake kaiwa kan Kurdawan yankin. Tsananin tsaro bayan kifar da gwamnatin Saddam Hussein a cikin shekara ta 2003, ya tilasta wa wasu Kurdawa barin garin.
ISIS da bayansa
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, ISIS ta kwace Sadiyah, bayan da jami'an tsaron Iraki suka yi watsi da mukamansu. An kuma kame wasu kauyuka da ke kewayen tsaunukan Hamrin. Sadiyah aka kama da Popular janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a Forces a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2014. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2018, kashi 80% na yawan Kurdawa ba su koma garin ba.
Hukumar Kula da Nakasassu ta Ƙasa
Hukumar Kula da nakasassu ta ƙasa (NCPD) hukuma ce a Najeriya.An kafa hukumar a shekarar 2012.
Manufar wannan Hukumar ita ce ta hana a nunawa nakasassu wariya, tare da sanya kowane ɗaya daga cikinsu ya samu daidaito da dama kamar sauran mutane marasa nakasa.
An kafa NCPD a matsayin fitowar dokar (Haramta) Dokar, 2019 don hana wariya ga nakasassu da tabbatar da an sanya su a kowane fanni.
Safiya Musa
Safiya musa Ta kasance fittaciyar jaruma ce a masana`antar Kannywood
Aikin fim
Safiya Musa, ta kasance fittaciyyar tsohuwar jaruma a masana’antar shirya fina-finan Hausa na Kannywood.
Safiya musa dai tauraruwar ta dade tana haskawa a masana'antar shirya fina finan hausa da tayi tasirin da ba za'a taba mantawa da ita ba.
Aure
Tayi aure kuma ta nada ya'ya
CCCP Fedeli alla linea
CCCP Fedeli alla Linea ( Italian pronunciation: [tʃiˌtʃitʃiˈpːi feˈdeli ˌalːa ˈlinea] ) sun kasance ƙungiyar Italiyanci da aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 1982 a Berlin ta mawaƙi Giovanni Lindo Ferretti da mawaƙa Massimo Zamboni. Membobin da kansu sun ayyana salon ƙungiyar a matsayin "Musica Melodica Emiliana- Punk Filosovietico" (" Emilian Melodic Music- pro-Soviet punk ").
Sunan su, CCCP, ya samo asali ne daga rubutun cyrillic na SSSR, acronym na Rasha ga Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Republics, kodayake an furta bin sautin Italiyanci.
CCCP ya bar abubuwan da aka saba da su na dutsen punk, kuma ya kai ga saɓanin saɓani na dutsen mayaƙa, kiɗan masana'antu, jama'a, electropop, kiɗan Gabas ta Tsakiya, har ma da kiɗan ɗakin yayin da suke isar da waƙoƙin su hangen nesa na ɗan adam, har ila yau suna gabatar da abubuwa. na gidan wasan kwaikwayo da falsafar rayuwa a cikin nunin su.
Ayyukan CCCP sun shafi dozin masu fasaha kamar Marlene Kuntz, Massimo Volume, da Offlaga Disco Pax.
1981–1983: Kafa
An kafa CCCP a cikin 1981 lokacin da Ferretti ya sadu da Zamboni (dukkansu sun fito ne daga Reggio Emilia ) a cikin diski a Kreuzberg ( Berlin ). Da zarar sun dawo gida sun kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar da ake kira MitropaNK. A lokacin bazara mai zuwa Ferretti, Zamboni da bassist Umberto Negri sun koma Berlin: a lokacin wannan tafiya ce aka haifi CCCP Fedeli alla Linea. Membobin ƙungiyar sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da injin ƙwanƙolin maimakon ainihin ganga.
Sunan ƙungiyar suna bikin shaharar ƙaramar al'adar Emilia yayin da kuma suke yaba Tarayyar Soviet, ƙirƙirar hanyar haɗi tsakanin Rasha da lardin Emilia-Romagna.
A wannan lokacin ƙungiyar ta yi sau da yawa a cikin Jamus, suna wasa wasu kulab na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Berlin kamar Kob ko Spectrumin. Dindindin su a Berlin ya rinjayi sautin ƙungiyar ta hanyar masana'antar gida. Al'adar Berlin ta Gabas da al'ummar musulmin yankin yammacin garin suma sun yi tasiri ga kalmomin Ferretti.
Wasannin kide-kide na farko a Italiya sun gamu da martani mara kyau daga taron, yana jagorantar ƙungiyar don ƙara sabbin membobi biyu a cikin layi: Annarella Giudici "Benemerita soubrette ", da mai wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Danilo Fatur. Annarella, Fatur, da ɗan ƙaramin lokaci Silvia Bonvicini (na biyu "Benemerita soubrette " ) sun ba da gudummawa don nuna halayen kide-kide ta hanyar buga zane-zane mai ban dariya yayin wasan su.
1984–1985: EPs na farko
A cikin shekara ta 1984 ƙungiyar ta saki Ortodossia, EP ɗin su na farko akan lakabin mai zaman kansa Attack Punk Records. A cikin wannan shekarar an saki Ortodossia II EP, wanda ya haɗa da waƙoƙi guda uku waɗanda aka riga aka haɗa su a cikin EP na farko ("Live in Pankow", "Spara Jurij", da "Punk Islam") da ƙarin waƙa ta huɗu ("Mi ami ? "). 1985 sun ga sakin EP na uku, Compagni, Cittadini, Fratelli, Partigiani.
1986: Fitar da kundi
Yawancin masu sukar kiɗa suna ɗaukar wannan kundi ɗaya daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙin Italiyanci na zamani, kuma babban ci gaba ga duk ƙungiyoyin punk na Turai. Tallace -tallacen kundin ya jawo Virgin Dischi, reshen Budurwar Italiya don shiga ƙungiyar. Wasu daga cikin magoya bayan kungiyar sun ga wannan matakin a matsayin cin amana kuma sun yi wa lakabi da kungiyar " CCCP fedeli alla lira " tare da lira (tsohuwar kudin Italiya kafin gabatar da Yuro ) maimakon linea ('layi' a ma'anar 'layin jam'iyyar', a layi tare da taken Soviet).
1987 - 1988: An sanya hannu don Budurwa
A cikin 1987 ƙungiyar ta yi rikodin kuma ta saki na farko guda ɗaya ''Oh! Battagliero da kundi na biyu, Socialismo e Barbarie'', wanda aka yi shi da babban kasafin kuɗi idan aka kwatanta da na farko. Aiki ne mai ƙarancin haɗin kai, wanda ya gudana daga kiɗan Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa sigar dutsen waƙar Soviet, daga waƙoƙin Katolika zuwa wasan motsa jiki.
A cikin wannan shekarar, CCCP ta saki guda Gobe (Voulez vous un rendez vous), sigar murfin mawaƙa da mai zane Amanda Lear.
1989: Kundin na uku
Kundin na uku, Canzoni, Preghiere, Danze del II Millennio - Sezione Europa (1989), ya rattaba hannu kan sauya musikarsu zuwa electropop. Keyboard, maimakon guitar, ya zama kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci. Yanzu kiɗan Gabas ta Tsakiya yana tasiri sautin su kuma yana da taushi fiye da na bayanan da suka gabata. Yana maye gurbin asalin zamantakewar siyasa tare da rikice -rikicen sihiri, da maƙasudin masana'antar su tare da synthpop mai ƙarancin juyi.
1989–1990: Litfiba da rasuwa
A shekara ta 1989 CCCP, Litfiba, da Beraye sun yi rangadi a Tarayyar Soviet ( Moscow da Leningrad ). A Moscow sun taka rawa a cikin gidan sarauta cike da sojoji sanye da kayan sojoji. Sojojin sun miƙe lokacin da ƙungiyar ta taka a ƙarshen kide kide da waƙar Soviet "A Ja Ljublju SSSR".
A cikin wannan shekarar guitarist Giorgio Canali, bassist Gianni Maroccolo, masanin keyboard, Francesco Magnelli, da mawaƙa Ringo De Palma (ukun na ƙarshe sun bar Litfiba saboda wasu bambance -bambancen zane -zane tare da manajan ƙungiyar Alberto Pirelli) sun shiga kuma sun canza ƙungiyar.
Kungiyar, wanda membobi takwas suka hada yanzu, sun yi rikodin kundi na huɗu Epica Etica Etnica Pathos a cikin ƙauyen 700 da aka watsar. Wannan faifan yana nuna wani juyin halitta na kiɗa don ƙungiyar. CCCP ya kai ga zenith ɗin su tare da wannan kundi, Frank Zappa -wasan kwaikwayo na salo mai salo wanda shima yana tsaye azaman kundin kundin kide -kide na sirri, tare da ɗakunan hadaddun abubuwa kamar "MACISTE contro TUTTI", " waƙar swan " su, da sauyawa zuwa sabbin abubuwan son rai na Consorzio Suonatori Indipendenti (CSI), sabuwar ƙungiyar da aka haifa daga tokar CCCP.
Acronym da aka yi amfani da shi don sabon sunan ƙungiyar, CSI, yana tunatar da sabon halin da ake ciki a Tarayyar Soviet, tare da Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) ( Italian  (CSI)). Tare da ƙirƙirar CIS, Tarayyar Soviet kuma a lokaci guda ƙungiyar ta daina wanzuwa.
CCCP ya wargaje yadda ya dace ranar 3 ga Oktoban 1990, a daidai wannan ranar haɗuwar ta Jamus, kuma membobin suka ci gaba da wasu ayyukan.
Post-CCCP
Lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ta durkushe, Ferretti da Zamboni sun yanke shawarar yin layi tare da ɗaukar matakin siyasa kaɗan. An sake sunan Consorzio Suonatori Indipendenti (CSI) tare da jerin waƙoƙi daga Ko del Mondo ( Polygram, 1993). Suna hanzarta haɓakawa zuwa wani nau'in kiɗan dutsen dutsen (mafi yawan raunin-rashi) tare da Linea Gotica ( Polygram, 1996).
Lokacin da CSI ta wargaje a 1999, Ferretti ya yi muhawarar solo tare da Co-dex (2000), sannan ya kafa Per Grazia Ricevuta (PGR) kuma ya saki PGR (2002) wanda ya jagoranci zuwa kiɗan duniya.
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a watan Disambar shekara ta alif dari tara da sha biyu (1912) a jihar Bauchi a wancan zamanin, a yankin Arewacin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa, Balewa Yakubu Dan Zala, dan asalin Gere ne, mahaifiyarsa kuma Fatima Inna 'yar Gere ce kuma asalin ta Fulani ce. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a gidan hakimin garin Gere, gundumar cikin masarautar Bauchi.
Ilimi
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ya fara karatunsa ne a makarantar Alqur’ani da ke Bauchi; a lokacin da masu mulkin mallaka na kudu suka fara yunkurin ilimantar da mutanen yankin Arewa, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa yana cikin yaran da aka tura makarantar Elementary ta Tafawa Balewa, bayan kammala karatun Alqur’ani. Daga nan ya wuce Makarantar Lardin Bauchi. Shima kamar sauran mutanen zamaninsa, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Barewa wadda a lokacin ake kira da Katsina College, inda ya kasance dalibi mai lamba 145. Ahmadu Rabah, wanda daga baya aka fi sani da Ahmadu Bello, dalibi ne mai lamba 87, kuma yana da shekara biyu a sama, yayin da Abubakar Imam ke gabansa da shekara guda. Kwalejin dai na da tazarar kilomita da dama daga Bauchi kuma ba ta kusa da tashar jirgin kasa ko kuma zirga-zirgar jama'a. Lokacin hutu, wanda shine sau biyu a duk shekara, Abubakar Tafawa balewa yana yin tattaki ne zuwa gida, tafiyar fiye da kilomita 400. Ya kan yi tafiyar kilomita 40 a rana, kafin ya samu wurin hutawa a wani kauye da ke kusa, Wanda gaba daya tafiyar takan daukeshi kwanaki 10.