cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kafafen watsa labarai a Ghana
karni na 19
Gwamnan mulkin mallaka Sir Arnold Hodson ya gabatar da tashar rediyo ta farko, mai suna Radio ZOY, a cikin 1935. Babban amfani da ita shine yada farfaganda don samun goyon bayan mulkin mallaka. In the mid-19th century, a diverse number of African-owned papers appeared that were largely unrestricted by the colonial government. This led to a surge of independent press, which in part led to the independence of Ghana.
Bayan 'yanci
Bayan sanarwar ranar 7 ga Maris 1957 da Ghana ta samu daga Kasar Ingila, jaridu kusan huɗu ne kawai. Jagora Kwame Nkrumah daga karshe ya mallaki dukkan 'yan jaridu a Ghana kuma ya gan ta a matsayin kayan aikin hukuma, yana ba da farfaganda da ke karfafa haɗin kan kasa da kirkirar tsarin tsarin kayan aiki na jihohi don kula da kafofin yada labarai. Canja wurin kafofin watsa labarai ya canza hannuwa daga na farar hula zuwa na soja, kuma jerin kamewa da dauri na adawar siyasa da Nkrumah ya yi matukar tasiri kan kafofin yada labarai. 'Yan adawa Ashanti Pioneer, wadanda suka yi aiki tun daga shekarun 1930, Nkrumah ya rufe su bayan an sanya su cikin takunkumi. Bayan hambarar da Nkrumah a wani juyin mulki, yawancin hanyoyin jihar sun canza hannu, duk da cewa har yanzu suna karkashin ikon jam'iyyar mai mulki. National Liberation Council (NLC) ta sanya tsauraran matakai a kan gidajen sayar da kayayyaki na cikin gida; misali, Dokar jita-jita a shekarar 1966 wacce ta hana kowa karar jaridun mallakin gwamnati.
A cikin 1969, zaɓaɓɓiyar gwamnatin farar hula ta Kofi Busia wacce ta biyo bayan NLC an bar ta da adadi mai yawa na kafafen yada labarai karkashin ikon jihar. Busia ta soke ayyuka daban-daban tare da sallamar mai jaridar Daily Graphic mallakar gwamnati saboda adawa da Busia, wanda ya ɗaukaka kara don tattaunawar Afirka da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Koyaya, lokacin da Ignatius Kutu Acheampong ya hambarar da gwamnatin Busia, ya sake dawo da tsauraran matakan kula da kafafen yada labarai tare da danniya a kan kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar yanke kudaden kasashen waje. Koyaya, kafofin watsa labarai da dama na adawa ba su sami matsala ba a lokacin mulkin Acheampong, kuma a shekara ta 1978 sun karu a kiraye-kirayensu na dimokiradiyya mai jam'iyyu da yawa a Ghana.
Janar Akuffo ne ya kifar da gwamnatin Acheampong a watan Mayu 1978, wanda ya sauya wasu manufofin magabatansa da suka gabace shi ya kuma saki 'yan jarida da mambobin adawa. Wannan ya haifar da kafa takaddun jam'iyya biyu: Star na Popular Front Party (PFP) da Gong Gong na People's National Party (PNP). Mulkin Akuffo bai daɗe ba, ya ƙare a wani juyin mulki da Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jerry Rawlings, waɗanda suka soke dokokin 'yan jarida waɗanda Acheampong ya zartar. Rawlings ya maye gurbin babban editan jaridar Daily Graphic wanda ya soki hukuncin kisan na AFRC,  duk da cewa ba su da ikon yin hakan saboda ya kaskantar da kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriya ta Uku, wanda ya ce dole ne a maye gurbinsu da Hukumar 'Yan Jaridu. Bayan watanni takwas na mulkin AFRC, wanda ya yi alkawarin sake fasalin kafofin watsa labarai amma a karshe ba ta samu ba, sai aka mayar da mulki ga zaɓaɓɓen demokradiyya PNP tare da Hilla Limann a ranar 24 ga Satumba 1979. Limann ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga sake fasalin kafofin yaɗa labaru, ya kafa Kwamitin 'Yan Jaridu mai mambobi 12 a ranar 25 ga Yulin 1980. A cikin jawabin nasa ya ce:
"Ni, a matsayina na zaɓaɓɓen Shugaban ƙasar Ghana, a shirye nake har abada don miƙa wuya ga gwajin acid na yanke hukuncin jama'a game da iƙirarin waɗanda suke tunanin suna wakiltar jama'a fiye da ni ko wani shugaban siyasa. Bluff, zage-zage da girman kai a kowane bangare dole ne su daina yanzu, don haka Hukumar 'Yan Jarida za ta iya aiki ta hanyar da wadanda ba su taba samun bakin gatari na kashin kai ba. Na dade ina daya daga cikin masu fada a ji da kaina. Tunda an bayyana ayyukan Hukumar 'Yan Jaridu a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, ba zan iya tabbatarwa da mambobinta da' yan jaridarmu cewa gwamnatina za ta mutunta, ta daukaka da kare Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba don haka ta yi duk abin da za mu iya don taimaka wa 'yan Jaridu Hukumar ta sauke nauyin da ke kanta, a cikin maslaha ga jama'a wanda dukkanmu muke da matakan digiri daban-daban."
Hukumar 'Yan Jarida, kamar yadda doka ta tanada, ita ce ta binciki korafe-korafen da ake yi game da' yan jaridu, da tabbatar da 'yancin' yan jarida da samar da dokoki da lasisin da ya kamata ga kafofin yada labarai. A lokacin mulkin Limann, ya mutunta sabon Tsarin Mulki kuma ya yarda da suka daga kafofin watsa labarai. Wannan bai dade ba duk da haka, kamar yadda John Rawlings, yana ambaton "cin hanci da rashawa da rashin tsari," ya sake kwace mulki a karkashin Provisional National Defence Council a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1981, kuma ya soke sauye-sauyen kafofin watsa labarai masu sassaucin ra'ayi da Limann ya kirkiro. A karkashin sabuwar gwamnatin, an soke Tsarin Mulki na Uku, tare da Hukumar 'Yan Jarida. Ta hanyar jaridar Daily Graphic mallakar gwamnati a ranar 5 ga Janairun 1982, ya gaya wa manema labarai cewa su jagoranci “Yakin Mai Tsarki” kuma su jagoranci juyin juya halin. Rawlings ya zartar da wasu dokoki wadanda suka hana sukar gwamnati ko manufofinta, ta kori editocin da ke sukar sa sannan ya zartar da dokoki da dama kamar Dokar Kare Rigakafi da Dokar lasisin Jarida wacce ta ba da damar tsarewa ba tare da an yanke hukunci ga ‘yan jarida ba, da kuma dakile ci gaban kafafen yada labarai masu zaman kansu. Sakatariyar Watsa Labarai ta PNDC Joyce Aryee a 1983 ta kare ikon gwamnati kai tsaye:
"Ba na ganin news media press suna kwance a waje da cibiyoyin siyasa da muke da su. Anan ne nake jin ya kamata mutane su fahimci cewa 'yan jaridu sun banbanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. A cikin yanayi irin namu, inda ya kamata mu sanin lamirin mutane, kuma inda muke da matsalar rashin iya karatu da rubutu, kuna amfani da cibiyoyi kamar 'yan jarida don yin ilimin."
Manufofin ba wai kawai sun shafi kafofin watsa labarai ba har ma da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Ghana, tare da kora da yawa ko ritaya da wuri. Sakamakon haka, wasu kafofin watsa labarai sun guji duk tattaunawar siyasa gaba ɗaya kuma sun mai da hankali kan wasu batutuwa kamar wasa ko nishaɗi maimakon.
1992-2000
Duk abin da ya faru a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ba za a iya sakewa daga tsarin tsarin mulki na yau ba. Babu wanda zai kasa yin godiya ga mahimmancin juyin juya halin 31 ga Disamba wajen kawo 'yan Ghana zuwa mashigar Jamhuriyya ta huɗu, da kafa ƙa'idodin adalci na zamantakewar al'umma wanda zai sa tsarin mulki ya zama zahirin rayuwa - yin hakan na nufin gurbata tarihin Ghana tare da ajiye wadancan muhimman darussa wadanda hakika zasu bunkasa wannan matakin na kwarewar Ghana.
Bugu da kari, Rawlings ya sha alwashin mutunta Fasali na 12 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ghana, inganta 'yancin' yan jarida, hakkin bangarorin masu zaman kansu da na jihohi da kuma wadannan 'yanci su zama karin' yancin dan adam. An kirkiro sabuwar Hukumar 'Yan Jaridu ta kasa (daga baya ga Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Ghana) mai' yanci daga gwamnati, wanda zai kula da ayyukan da aka ambata a baya. Duk da wadannan sabbin sauye-sauyen, Shugaba Rawlings da gwamnatin NDC sun ci gaba da sukar 'yan jaridu masu zaman kansu, suna masu kiranta "mara sa hankali a siyasance" kuma ta hanyar amfani da riba ne. Wani jami'in gwamnati ya yi iƙirarin cewa kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu "sun gwada iyakokin gwamnati", yayin da wasu kuma suka zarge ta da nuna Majalisar ba ta da ƙarfi. Wata kungiya mai suna Abokan Dimokiradiyya ta yi ikirarin cewa tana da sa hannun dubu daya da ke nuna adawa da kafafen yada labarai masu zaman kansu. Editoci daga Free Press da New Statesman sun ba da rahoton cewa an aika musu da barazanar kisa daga NDC saboda sukar gwamnatin. Valerie Sackey wacce mataimakiya ce ga Shugaba Rawlings, ta lura cewa 'yan jaridu masu zaman kansu suna da aikin bayar da halattacciyar suka ga gwamnati da kuma yin abin da ya dace, maimakon kawai nuna cewa gwamnati na kokarin rufe bakinsu.
2000-yanzu
Bayan zaben a 2000 na John Kufuor rikice-rikice tsakanin kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da gwamnati sun ragu. Kufuor ya kasance mai goyon bayan 'yancin' yan jarida kuma ya soke dokar ɓarna da aikata laifi, kodayake ya ci gaba da cewa dole ne kafofin watsa labaru su yi aiki yadda ya kamata. An bayyana kafofin yada labaran na Ghana a matsayin "daya daga cikin wadanda ba su da cikakkun bayanai" a Afirka, suna aiki ba tare da takaita hanyoyin yada labarai ba. 'Yan jarida masu zaman kansu galibi suna ɗauke da suka game da manufofin gwamnati. Kafofin watsa labarai, da kafafen yada labarai musamman, sun kasance masu karfin gwiwa wajen bayar da labarin zaben shugaban kasar ta Ghana a shekarar 2008, kuma kungiyar Ghana Journalists Association (GJA) ta yaba wa John Atta Mills game da zaben nasa, tare da fatan samar da kyakkyawar dangantakar‘ yan jarida da gwamnatin.
'Yan Jarida sun tilastawa Gwamnati ta yarda cewa jami'ai suna da lissafi .... A gare ni kyakkyawar alama ce a gare ni cewa kafofin watsa labarai na Ghana sun yi wani tasiri a kan dimokiradiyya tun kafuwar Jamhuriyya ta 4
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin Sin ko kawai Mandarin shine yaren gwamnati da ilimi na babban yankin China da Taiwan, tare da sanannun banbance na Hong Kong da Macau inda ake yawan amfani da yaren Sinawa da ake kira Cantonese.
Kafafen watsa labarai a Ghana
2000-yanzu
Seyd, C., 4 June 1999
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan harsunan yanki biyar na kasar Sin. Yana yaduwa fiye da kowane nau'in yanki, daga duk yankin arewacin ƙasar Sin zuwa lardin Yunnan da ke kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin. A cikin wannan babban yanki akwai bambance -bambancen yanki da yawa a cikin ƙamus, don haka wani wanda ya tashi daga Beijing zuwa Yunnan bai iya fahimtar mutanen da ke magana da yarensu na Yunnanhua ba. Matsalar ta fi girma ga mutum a Burtaniya ko Amurka don zuwa Australia. Saboda haka, tun daga shekarun 1920, gwamnatin ƙasar Sin ta kafa harshe na ƙasa bisa tushen yaren Beijing da kuma a kan kalmomin da aka fi fahimta da karin magana.
Birnin Tarihi na Ahmadabad
Birnin tarihi na Ahmadabad ko Tsohon Ahmedabad, birni mai katanga na Ahmedabad a Indiya, Ahmad Shah I na Gujarat Sultanate ne ya kafa shi a shekara ta 1411. Ya kasance babban birnin Sultanate Gujarat kuma daga baya muhimmiyar cibiyar siyasa da kasuwanci ta Gujarat. A yau, duk da kasancewar cunkoson jama'a da rugujewa, har yanzu tana zama alamar zuciyar ɗan birni Ahmedabad. UNESCO ta sanya shi a matsayin Garin Tarihi na Duniya a cikin Yuli 2017.
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin shine daidaitaccen yare. Ba yaren kowa bane, amma matsakaici mai kyau tsakanin nau'ikan harsuna daban -daban da yare ɗaya kowa zai iya fahimta da sadarwa da shi. Duk da cewa ya dogara ne da yaren Beijing, amma bai yi daidai da yaren Beijing ba.
Kafafen watsa labarai a Ghana
2000-yanzu
Saboda sabuwar 'yancin yada labarai, masana'antar wasan bidiyo a Ghana na bunkasa.
Tallé
Tallé wani ƙauye ne a cikin Sashin Boudry na lardin Ganzourgou a tsakiyar Burkina Faso. Kauyen yana da yawan mutane 689.
Kafafen watsa labarai a Ghana
Alaka da kafafan yada labarai na kasashen waje
Kafofin yada labaran Ghana na da kyakkyawar dangantaka da kafofin yada labarai na kasashen waje, tare da yawancin ‘yan jaridun duniya daga kungiyoyin Yammacin Turai da na Afirka da ke Asiya da ke Accra babban birnin kasar. Ba a hana ‘yan jarida cikas yayin aikin su, kuma ba a bincikar bayanan cikin ko fita kasar. Babban kamfanin dillacin labarai, Kamfanin dillacin labarai na Ghana, Nkrumah ne ya kafa shi a shekarar 1957 don samar da daidaitattun bayanai kan labaran gida da na duniya. Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya taimaka wajan baiwa kamfanin jagora da taimakon fasaha har zuwa shekarar 1961. Hukumar ta samu rajista daga kungiyoyi sama da 140 da kuma kanfanin dillacin labarai shida a shekarar 2000.
Mandarin Chinese
Makarantu suna amfani da yare da ake kira tsayayyen Mandarin, Putonghua (普通话/普通話) ma'ana "na kowa (magana)" ko Hanyu (汉语/漢語) ma'ana "harshen Han ". A wurare kamar Malaysia, an san shi da Huayu (华语/華語). A Taiwan, an san shi da Guoyu (国语/國語) ma'ana "harshen ƙasa." Akwai ƙananan bambance -bambance a cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin.
Birnin Tarihi na Ahmadabad
Tarihi
Mazaunan farko sun kasance a kudancin tsohon birni na yanzu kuma a bakin kogin Sabarmati. An san shi da Ashaval ko Ashapalli. Asha Bhil ta kasance sarkin Ashaval. A karni na sha daya, Karna na daular Chaulukya da ke mulki daga Anhilwad Patan (1072-1094) ya mai da garin babban birnin kasar kuma ya sanya masa suna Karnavati (garin Karan) ko Shrinagar (birni mai wadata) da Rajnagar (garin sarki).
Kafafen watsa labarai a Ghana
Kalubale ga kafofin yada labaran Ghana
Duk da 'yanci na dangi, kafofin yada labarai a Ghana na fuskantar wasu kalubale. 'Yan jarida a Ghana galibi ba su cika albashi ba, ba sa samun wadataccen aiki, kuma galibi ba sa samun horo. A sakamakon haka, 'yan jaridu a Ghana sun sami kansu cikin saukin cin hanci da kuma bincikar kansu. Ingancin shirye-shiryen watsa labarai na rediyo da talabijin yana da ƙasa. Game da jaridu, yanayin mallakar jaridu na da siyasa a siyasance tare da yawancin jaridu suna goyon bayan bangaren gwamnati ko na jam’iyyun adawa. Jarida guda ɗaya tak, mallakar mallakar gwamnati ta Daily Graphic da gaske ana rarraba ta ƙasa.
'Yancin' yan jarida
Kodayake tsarin mulki da doka sun tanadi 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da kuma' yan jaridu, wani lokacin gwamnati na ta tauye wa] annan 'yancin. 'Yan sanda na kame' yan jarida ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wasu 'yan jaridar na yin takunkumin kansu. Tsarin mulki ya hana kutsa kai cikin sirri, iyali, gida, ko rubutu, kuma gwamnati tana girmama waɗannan hanin a aikace.
Mandarin Chinese
Sama da mutane miliyan 800 ke magana da yaren Mandarin a duk duniya, fiye da kowane yare. Yawancin mutanen da ke ƙaura daga yankin Greater China yanzu suna magana da Mandarin, yayin da a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata galibin yaren Cantonese ko Taishanese, wani yare na Sinawa na gida.
Babayo Garba Gamawa
Babayo Garba Gamawa (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1966 – 14 June 2019) dan kasuwa ne dan Najeriya kuma shi ne Sanata mai wakiltar Bauchi ta Arewa a Jihar Bauchi a shekara ta 2011. Ya kasance yana da alaka da jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party (PDP).
Mandarin Chinese
Standard Mandarin yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma guda shida a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Sauran Ingilishi ne, Faransanci, Spanish, Rashanci da Larabci.
Babayo Garba Gamawa
Sana'ar siyasa
Babayo Garba Gamawa ya taba zama mataimakin gwamna da kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Bauchi. Ya zama mataimakin gwamnan Bauchi lokacin da aka tsige Alhaji Mohammed Garba Gadi daga mukaminsa. Lokacin da aka daukaka karar wannan tsigewar kuma aka ga hukuncin da aka yanke na asali bai dace ba, Gadi ya isa ofisoshi don kwato kujerarsa. Gamawa ya ki barin kujerarsa, sai magoya bayansa suka yi bore a kan titi, suna masu cewa “Gamawa ne sahihin mataimakin gwamna”. Magoya bayan Gadi, sun yi shelar cewa "mai gida ya iso, mai riya ya nade tabarmansa." Daga karshe Gamawa zai amince kuma Gadi zai sake karɓar kujerarsa na Mataimakin Gwamna.
Birnin Tarihi na Ahmadabad
Tarihi
Ahmed Shah I ya aza harsashin ginin Bhadra Fort wanda ya fara daga Manek Burj, tushe na farko na birnin a shekara ta 1411 wanda aka kammala a shekara ta 1413. Ya kuma kafa dandalin farko na birnin Manek Chowk, dukansu suna da alaƙa da almara na Hindu saint Maneknath. . Sultanatensa na Gujarat (1411-1573) ya yi mulki daga birnin har zuwa 1484. Jikansa Mahmud Begada ya canza sheka babban birnin kasar daga Ahmedabad zuwa Muhammadabad daga 1484 zuwa 1535 amma ya yi katanga na biyu na birnin. Daga baya Ahmedabad ya sake zama babban birnin sultan har sai da ya fada hannun Mughals a shekara ta 1573. A lokacin mulkin Mughal (1572-1707), Bhadra Fort ya zama kujerar Gwamnan Gujarat. Garin ya bunƙasa tare da ƙara ƙauyuka da dama a cikin birnin da kewaye. Daga cikin mutanen birnin ba a tantance kiyasin ba. Akwai wasu kiyasin girman birni a cikin ayyukan lokacin: Ferishta, Ain-i-Akbari, da Mirat-i-Ahmadi. A cewar Ain-i-Akbari (1580), akwai puras 360, daga cikinsu tamanin da huɗu ne kawai suke bunƙasa; A cewar Ferishta akwai, a cikin 1600, 360 mahalla, kowane kewaye da bango; Mirat-i-Ahmadi a wani nassi yana cewa, irin wannan ta kasance da yawan al'ummarta cewa tana dauke da puras 380, kowanne pura kwata ne kusan gari; A wani nassin kuma ya ambaci unguwanni goma sha biyu na gari da sauran su a waje, kuma a cikin cikakken bayanin birnin ya ambace su da sunaye 110 da 19 daga cikinsu suka zauna karkashin mulkin Mughal. Bajamushe matafiyi Mandelslo (1638) ya ambata ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka masu dogaro kusan wasannin lig guda bakwai. A lokacin gwagwarmayar Mughal da Maratha (1707-1753) don sarrafa birnin, an cutar da birnin kuma an lalatar da yankuna da dama. Ganuwar birnin ta lalace a fadace-fadace kuma cinikin ya shafa. An raba kudaden shiga na birni tsakanin sarakunan Mughal da Maratha. Daga baya a lokacin mulkin Maratha (1758-1817), an raba kudaden shiga na birni tsakanin Peshwa da Gaekwad. Wadannan sun shafi tattalin arzikin birnin saboda karin haraji. A cikin 1817, Ahmedabad ya faɗi ƙarƙashin mulkin Kamfanin Burtaniya wanda ya daidaita birnin a siyasance kuma ya inganta kasuwancin. Yawan jama'a ya tashi daga 80,000 a 1817 zuwa kusan 88,000 a shekara ta 1824. A cikin shekaru takwas da suka biyo baya an ba da haraji na musamman kan man ghee da sauran kayayyaki kuma a kan £25,000 (Rs. 2,50,000) an gyara ganuwar birnin. A daidai wannan lokaci ne aka kafa wani kantom a wani wuri da ke arewacin birnin. Yawan jama'a ya tashi (1816) zuwa kusan 95,000. Sauran kudaden jama'a bayan an gama katangar an yi amfani da su don ayyukan gundumar. Tsohon birnin ya ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar harkokin siyasa a lokacin yunkurin 'yancin kai na Indiya karkashin Mahatma Gandhi.
Kafafen watsa labarai a Ghana
'Yancin' yan jarida
A cikin 2002 gwamnatin Ghana ta binciki kafofin yada labarai ta Intanet game da rikicin kabilanci a Arewacin Ghana.
Birnin Tarihi na Ahmadabad
Garuruwa
Fada a cikin tsari, wanda ya rufe yanki mai girman eka arba'in da uku, Bhadra sansanin yana da kofofi takwas, manya uku, biyu a gabas daya kuma a kusurwar kudu maso yamma; matsakaita uku, biyu a arewa daya kuma a kudu; da ƙanana biyu, a yamma. An kammala ginin Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad a shekara ta 1423. Yayin da birnin ya fadada, an fadada katangar birnin. Don haka katanga na biyu Mahmud Begada ya yi shi a shekara ta 1486, jikan Ahmed Shah, wanda ke da katanga na waje mai tsawon kilomita 10 (6.2 mi) a kewayensa kuma ya kunshi kofofi 12, bassoshi 189 da kuma sama da fadace-fadace 6,000 kamar yadda aka bayyana a Mirat-i- Ahmadi. Ganuwar katangar birni na biyu, tana gudana a yamma na kusan mil mil da kwata uku tare da bankin Sabarmati, da kuma shimfida gabas a siffa mai madauwari, sun haɗa da yanki mai nisan mil biyu a baya.
Zaire (kudi)
Zaire ( Faransanci : zaïre, lambar ZRZ, ZRN ) ita ce rukunin kuɗin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo sannan na Jamhuriyar Zaire daga 1967 har zuwa 1997. Sai dai guda shida daga cikin jerin takardun banki 79 da aka fitar suna ɗauke da hoton Mobutu Sese Seko. daban-daban kudade sun wanzu: The zaire (1967-1993, ZRZ ), da nouveau zaïre (1993-1998, ZRN ).
Mandarin Chinese
Rubutu
An rubuta Mandarin tare da haruffan Sinanci da ake kira Hànzì (漢字 ko 汉字) wanda a zahiri yana nufin "haruffan Han". Kowane Hànzì yana da lafazi da ma'anarsa. Ƙamus na talakawa zai ƙunshi haruffa kusan 10,000. Mandarin da ake Magana yana amfani da kalmomin hadewa da yawa, kalmomin da ke haɗa ma'anoni kamar yadda Ingilishi ke yi a cikin kalmomin kamar "gun bindiga," "motar kashe gobara," "filin wasa," da dai sauransu.
Zaire (kudi)
Tarihi
A ranar 9 ga Satumbar 1983, an rage darajar zaire zuwa kusan zaires 28 a kowane SDR (Z1 = 0.035425 SDRs). Bayan haka, kudin ya sha ruwa. Kudin ya ci gaba da rasa ƙima, tare da farashin musaya na dalar Amurka ɗaya da aka nuna a ƙasa a wasu lokuta:
Birnin Tarihi na Ahmadabad
Kofofi
Yawancin mutane sun yi imanin cewa Ahmedabad yana da kofofi 12 amma wasu masana tarihi sun ba da shawarar samun 16. Daga baya wani masanin ilimin halitta ya gano cewa Ahmedabad yana da kofofi 21. Bhadra Fort yana da kofofi takwas, manya uku, biyu a gabas daya kuma a kusurwar kudu maso yamma; matsakaita uku, biyu a arewa daya kuma a kudu; da ƙanana biyu, a yamma. A cikin garun birni na kagara na biyu, akwai ƙofofi goma sha takwas, manya goma sha biyar, ƙanana uku. Daga cikin goma sha biyar, an rufe daya, kuma an kara biyu daga baya. Waɗannan ƙofofin sun fara ne daga kusurwar arewa maso yamma, uku a bangon arewa, Shahpur a arewa maso yamma, Delhi a arewa, da Dariyapur a arewa maso gabas; hudu a bangon gabas, Premabhai, kofa da Birtaniyya ta gina, a arewa maso gabas, da Kalupur a gabas, da Panchkuva, kofar da Birtaniya ta gina, a gabas, da Sarangpur a kudu maso gabas; hudu a bangon kudu, Raipur da Astodiya a kudu maso gabas, da Mahuda, rufaffiyar kofa, da Jamalpur a kudu; bakwai a bangon yamma, Khan Jahan, Raikhad da Manek a kudu maso yamma; Ƙofofi uku na kagara, Ganesh, da Ram, da Baradari a tsakiya. da kuma kofar Khanpur dake arewa maso yamma. Sabbin ƙofofi biyu, Prem Darwaja da Ƙofar Panchkuva da Birtaniyya ta ƙara bayan buɗe layin dogo a 1864.
Zaire (kudi)
Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1967, Bankin Kongo ya ƙaddamar da tsabar kudi a cikin ƙungiyoyin sengi 10, 1 likuta da makuta 5, tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi biyu na aluminum kuma mafi girma a cikin cupro-nickel. A shekarar 1973, an fara fitar da sulallai na farko da Bankin Zaire ya fitar, wato cupro-nickel 5, 10 and 20 makuta. A cikin 1987, an ƙaddamar da sabon tsabar kudin, wanda ya ƙunshi tagulla 1, 5 da kuma zaires 10 a cikin 1988.
Bayanan banki
A cikin 1967, Babban Bankin Kongo ya gabatar da bayanin kula don 10, 20 da 50 makuta, 1 da 5 zaires (wanda kuma aka nuna a matsayin 100 da 500 makuta). A cikin 1971, an gabatar da bayanan zaire guda 10. A shekarar 1972, Bankin Zaire ya fara fitar da bayanan kudi na zaires 1, 5 da 10, sai kuma makuta 50 a shekarar 1973., Zaires 5000 a 1988, zaires 10,000 a 1989, 2000, 20,000 da 50,000 zaires a 1991 kuma, a ƙarshe, 100,000, 200,000, 500,000, 0,000, 000, 000, 000, 9,000
Olivier Mbaizo
Olivier Mbaissidara Mbaizo ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Kamaru wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kamaru.
Zaire (kudi)
Bayanan banki
Takardar kudin zaire 5,000,000, wacce ta fara yaduwa a karshen shekarar 1992, ba a yarda da ita a matsayin takardar kudi na tsawon makonni da dama ba a wasu sassan kasar nan (musamman a arewa maso gabas), kuma a wasu sassan kasar an karbe ta ne kawai a wani bangare na kasar. darajarsa. Ɗayan dalili na wannan rashin yarda shine kuskuren nahawu a lambar Faransanci akan bayanin kula, wanda ya karanta "cinq miliyoyin zaïres" maimakon "cinq millions de zaïres".
Mandarin Chinese
Rubutu
Hanzi sune tsarin akida: hali ɗaya yana nufin ra'ayi ɗaya. Dabbobi daban -daban an samo su ne daga masu akidar ta hanyar haɗa su. Hakanan ana iya rubuta Mandarin da sauti (wato: an rubuta kamar yadda ake magana) tare da haruffan Latin kamar yadda da gaske ba za ku iya ganin haruffan daga haruffan Hanzi ba. Wannan shi ake kira fassara. Mafi mashahuri tsarin fassarar harshe ana kiransa Pinyin.
Zaire (kudi)
New Zaire (1993-1998)
Sabuwar Zaire ( Nouveau Zaïre  ), alamar "NZ", ISO 4217 code ZRN, ya maye gurbin zaire na farko a 1993 a kan canjin canjin sabon zaire 1 = 3,000,000 tsohon zaire. An raba shi zuwa sabon makuta 100 (alama: "NK"). An fitar da wannan kudin ne kawai a cikin takardar kudi kuma an yi fama da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki sosai zuwa wanda ya gabace shi har zuwa shekarar 1997.
Mandarin Chinese
Rubutu
Wasu haruffan Sinawa ainihin hotuna ne na ainihin abubuwan da suke wakilta. Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, mutane sun zaɓi rubuta juzu'i mafi sauƙi waɗanda suka fi sauƙi a rubuta amma ba su yi kama da ainihin abin ba, kamar yadda mutane a wasu lokuta sukan zana sandar maza maimakon zana mutane da jikinsu na zahiri, makamai, ƙafafu, da sauransu. Ga wasu misalai:
Kauyen Iliya
Manazarta
42.0714°N, 22.7928°W
Olivier Mbaizo
Union Douala
Mbaizo ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a Union Douala na MTN Elite One league a cikin shekarar 2016. Ya taimaka wa Douala zuwa matsayi na 4 a teburin gasar kuma ya fito a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Afirka ta CAF da Zamalek SC.
Rainbow FC
A cikin shekarar 2017, Mbaizo ya buga wa Rainbow FC wasanni 10 a kakar wasa ta bana.
Mandarin Chinese
Rubutu
Yawancin haruffa, duk da haka, ana yin su ta hanyar haɗa hotuna, ta amfani da ɗaya don ba da ma'ana gaba ɗaya, ɗayan kuma don wakiltar sauti. Misali, "媽 mā" (inna) ana yin ta ta ƙara 女 (nǚ, mace mutum) zuwa 馬 (mǎ, doki). Ɓangaren "ma" yana nan don wakiltar sauti.
Birnin Tarihi na Ahmadabad
Unguwa
A Pol shi ne irin rukunin gidaje na tsohon birni. Akwai kusan 356 pols da aka kwatanta a cikin ayyukan tarihi. An kafa tsarin rukunin gidaje a lokacin mulkin Mughal-Maratha da aka raba (1738-1753) saboda rikicin addini tsakanin Hindu da Musulmai. Bayan haka (1780-1832), lokacin da ganuwar birnin ta daina fakewa daga 'yan fashi, ƙofar pol da agogon ya zama kariya mai mahimmanci. Chabutro wani shinge ne na musamman kamar tsari don ciyar da tsuntsaye wanda za'a iya samuwa a cikin Pols da yawa.
Olivier Mbaizo
Philadelphia Union
A watan Afrilu 2018, an rattaba hannu Mbaizo zuwa ƙungiyar MLS ta Bethlehem Steel Philadelphia Union bayan burge ƙungiyar farko yayin horon kafin afara zango. Yayin da aka sanya hannu tare da kungiyar, Mbaizo galibi za a ba da shi aro zuwa Baitalami na kakar 2018. Ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙungiyar a watan Satumba, yana farawa a cikin nasara 2–0 akan Sporting Kansas City.
Ayyukan kasashen waje
Mbaizo ya yi aiki da hanyarsa ta zuwa matakin tawagar kasar Kamaru wanda ya fara da matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a cikin shekarar 2014 kuma a baya-bayan nan ya sami kiran horo tare da babbar kungiyar. A cikin shekarar 2017, ya bayyana tare da Kamaru U-20's a 2017 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations. Ya fara dukkan wasanni uku kuma yana buga kowane minti daya na matakin rukuni na kungiyar. Mbaizo ya zura kwallo a raga a wasansu na biyu na gasar, inda suka doke Sudan da ci 4-1 a ranar 2 ga Maris 2017.
Zaire (kudi)
New Zaire (1993-1998)
A ƙasa akwai jerin rahotannin farashin musaya ta Baitul malin Amurka (sabbin zaires akan dalar Amurka):
Kafafen watsa labarai a Ghana
Jaridu
Kimanin jaridu 135 ake bugawa a Ghana, gami da jaridu 16 masu zaman kansu da kuma jaridu 9 na kullum. Gudummawar da adadi mai yawa na jaridu na jihohi da masu zaman kansu ke bayarwa ya haifar da yanayi daban-daban na yada labarai a Ghana. Takardun jihohi kamar su Daily Graphic da Ghanaian Times sun saba da ingantawa da karfafa goyan baya ga manufofin gwamnati da bin layi mai bin ra'ayin mazan jiya, ba kamar yadda 'yan jaridu masu zaman kansu suka fallasa kyawawan ayyukan jami'an gwamnati da rashin kyakkyawan tsarin tafiyar da al'amuran gwamnati ba.
Kwamitin yada labarai na kasa na Ghana, kwamiti mai zaman kansa, an kafa shi ne domin sanya ido tare da karbar korafe-korafe game da kafafen yada labarai. Hukumar ta karbi korafe-korafe 50 a 2002, kuma a cikin Mayu 2001, ta tilasta wa Chronicle na Ghana ta ba da hakuri kan wallafa "labaran karya" a kan mutane ba tare da kwararan hujjoji ba. Koyaya, ba a kula da irin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen saboda rashin iko.
Talabijan da rediyo
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan juyin mulkin 1966 na Nkrumah ta hanyar National Liberation Council (wacce ta riƙe maƙarƙashiyar Jiha a kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasar), Ghana Broadcasting Corporation ta sanar da doka ga, "watsa shirye-shirye a fagen al'adu, ilimi, bayanai da nishaɗi, don nuna ci gaban kasa da buri, da kuma watsa shirye-shirye a cikin manyan yarukan Ghana da Turanci.”
Rediyon FM ya fara ne a shekarar 1988, wanda ya baiwa gidajen rediyon kasashen waje damar shigowa cikin kasar, kamar su Voice of America, Radio France Internationale da kuma watsa labarai na BBC a kan 101.3FM. Zanga-zangar da jama'a suka yi a shekarar 1995 game da kwace kayan aiki daga wani gida mai zaman kansa, Radio EYE, ya tilasta wa gwamnati ta samar da mitocin FM da yawa ga wasu tashoshin masu zaman kansu, abin da ya haifar da wani sabon zamani na "watsa labarai da yawa". Tattaunawar tattaunawa ta wayar tarho kan lamuran gida da na ƙasa sun shahara sosai a gidan rediyon Ghana. Baya ga tashoshin Turanci, akwai da yawa a cikin yaren gida. A cikin 2007, FM 86 da tashoshin gajeren zango uku sun wanzu.
Intanet
Kimanin 'yan Ghana miliyan 4.2 ne suka yi amfani da Intanet a shekarar 2012, kimanin kashi 17% na yawan jama'ar. Babu wani ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin 2014 kamar yadda rahoton kididdigar Duniya na Intanet ya ruwaito "akwai masu amfani da Intanet na 5,171,993 a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2014, 19.6% na yawan jama'a, a kowane IWS."
Zaire (kudi)
New Zaire (1993-1998)
An sake maye gurbin sabon zaire da Franc na Kongo a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1998, a kan canjin 1 franc = 100,000 sabon zaires jim kadan bayan Jamhuriyar Zaire ta zama Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo sau ɗaya, a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1997.
Takardun kuɗi
A cikin 1993, Bankin Zaire ya ba da bayanin kula a cikin 1, 5, 10 da 50 sabon makuta, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 da 100 sabbin zaires. An bi waɗannan, a cikin 1994, ta bayanin kula don sabbin zaires 200 da 500. A cikin 1995, 1000, 5000 da 10,000 an gabatar da sabbin bayanan zaire, yayin da a cikin 1996, an ƙara sabbin bayanan zaire 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000 da 1,000,000. Duk sabbin bayanan zaire sun ƙunshi hoton Mobutu Sésé Seko sanye da riga mai hula.
Kafafen watsa labarai a Ghana
Intanet
Ba shi da iyakancewa daga gwamnati.
Manazarta
Ghana
Mandarin Chinese
Rubutu
A yawancin yarukan Sinawa na dā, haruffa ɗaya gaba ɗaya sun isa kalma ɗaya, amma Mandarin da ake magana da shi na zamani yana amfani da yawancin mahadi kamar "媽媽 māma," wanda shine kawai "mama,"
Olivier Mbaizo
Ayyukan kasashen waje
Mbaizo ya samu kiransa na farko a cikin watan Nuwamba 2020 don buga wasannin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2021. Ya buga wasa a Kamaru a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, inda ya fara da ci 4-1 a kan Mozambique.
Girmamawa
Philadelphia Union
Mandarin Chinese
Rubutu
Wasu misalai suna nuna hanyoyi daban -daban na haɗa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa:
Jerin Sunayen Mazabun Karamar Hukumar Alkaleri
Karamar Hukumar Alkaleri ta jihar Bauchi tana da mazabu guda Goma a karkashinta.
ALKALERI. PALI. GAR. GWARAM. MAIMADI. DAN KUNGIBAR. BIRIN/ GIGARA/ YANKARI. YULI/ LIM.
Tawagar Ƴan wasan Sanda ta Maza na Najeriya
Tawagar Ƴan wasan sanda ta maza na Najeriya tana wakiltar Najeriya a gasar kwallon sanda ta kasa da kasa. An bai wa tawagar tagulla a gasar wasannin Afirka ta 1987.
Mandarin Chinese
Rubutu
Kamar dai yadda Ingilishi da ake amfani da shi a Burtaniya yana son "man fetur" amma Ingilishi da ake amfani da shi a Amurka kusan koyaushe yana amfani da "mai," harsunan yanki daban -daban a China na iya amfani da kalmomin haɗewa daban -daban don kiran abu ɗaya.
A cikin Mandarin da ake Magana, yawancin kalmomi mahadi ne na hali saboda tsawon lokaci Mandarin ya ɓace sautuka da yawa waɗanda suka wanzu a farkon nau'ikan Sinanci. Saboda asarar sauti, kalmomin Sinanci da yawa sun ƙare sun zama masu yin homophones, don haka an ƙara ƙarin haruffa zuwa kalmomi don rarrabe su. Misali, taken Sinanci na waƙar zaki mai cin zaki a cikin Den Den施 氏 食 狮 史 ana kiransa " Shī Shì Shí Shī Shǐ ", kuma kowane hali a cikin waƙar ana furtawa da harafi iri ɗaya, amma tare da sautuka daban-daban. A cikin tsoffin nau'ikan Sinawa, da ana iya rarrabe haruffa daban -daban waɗanda ke yin taken, saboda suna iya yin sauti daban da juna.
Don haka, kalmomin haruffa ɗaya a cikin Sinanci na gargajiya kamar ya zama kalmomin haɗin Mandarin don rarrabe irin waɗannan kalmomin daga homophones ɗin su, in ba haka ba za a iya kuskure haruffan da aka ambata don irin haruffa masu sauti kamar don haka ya sa harshen magana yake da wahalar fahimta ba tare da kalmomin haɗe -haɗe ba.
Bambanci tsakanin Mandarin (Lafazin Beijing) da Yaren Beijing
An bayyana Mandarin kuma an tsara shi bisa lafazin Beijing. A ƙasar Sin, akwai yaruka sama da 600,000 da karin lafazi duk da cewa dukkansu suna amfani da yaren Sinanci da haruffa, amma yadda suke furtawa da wasu maganganu sun bambanta. Dole ne kasar Sin ta sami daidaitaccen lafazi don ba wa dukkan mutane damar fahimtar juna da sadarwa. Beijing ta kasance babban birnin China sama da shekaru 1,000, don haka China ta ayyana Beijing Accent a matsayin daidaitaccen Mandarin.
Har ila yau, Beijing tana da wasu yarukan gida waɗanda Mandarin ko daidaitaccen yaren Sinanci bai haɗa da su ba tukuna. Amma kasancewar Beijing ita ce babban birni har ma da cibiyar siyasa, tattalin arziki, al'adu da ilimi na China, ana samun ƙarin sabbin yarukan Beijing ko za a karɓa a matsayin Mandarin ko daidaitaccen yaren Sinanci. Sauran yarukan, kamar su Shangajin, Cantonese, Hakka da sauransu, suna da ƙarancin damar da za a haɗa su cikin Mandarin ko daidaitaccen yaren Sinanci ko kuma duk China ta yarda da su.
Samfuran masu zuwa wasu yarukan Beijing ne waɗanda har yanzu ba a karɓe su a matsayin daidaitaccen Mandarin ba.倍儿: bèi'ér na nufin 'sosai';拌 蒜: bànsuàn na nufin 'tawaya';不吝: bùlìn yana nufin 'kada ku damu'; Ò: cuò na nufin 'ci';出溜: chūliū na nufin 'zamewa';大老 爷儿们 儿: dàlǎoyérmenr na nufin 'maza, maza';
Kiki Mordi
Kiki Mordi (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Augusta shekarar 1991) ta kasance ƴar jaridar Najeriya ce, fitacciyar ƴar sadarwa, mai shirya fim Kuma marubuciya. A shekarar 2016, ta sami lambar yabo ta mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen Rediyo (South-South) a babbar cibiyar Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards.
Mandarin Chinese
Bambanci tsakanin Mandarin (Lafazin Beijing) da Yaren Beijing
Samfuran masu zuwa wasu yarukan Beijing ne waɗanda tuni an karɓi su a matsayin Mandarin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.二把刀: èrbǎdāo yana nufin 'ba ƙwararre ba'; Ē 儿: gēmenr na nufin 'kyawawan abokai maza';抠门儿: kōuménr na nufin 'parsimony';小儿 小儿: dǎxiǎo'ér na nufin 'tun ƙuruciya'
Kiki Mordi
Aiki
Mordi ta kasance ƴar' jarida ce a Najeriya, fitacciyar yar' sadarwa, mai yin fim kuma marubuciya ce. A yanzu haka ita ce wakilin BBC mai rehoto na Eye Africa a BBC, kuma shugabar gabatarwa na WFM 91.7. A shekarar 2017, ta fara gwagwarmaya ta yanar gizo don kawo karshen cin zarafin da ƴan'sanda keyi saboda cin-zarafinsu da suka yi bayan da wasu' yan sandan Najeriya suka mamaye gidanta tare da tuhumar ita da saurayinta da cewa su ƴan'ƙungiyar asiri ne. A shekara ta 2015, an zabe ta ne don Mai gabatar da Matasa Mai gabatarwa (TV / Rediyo) a Babban Gidan Rediyon Najeriya Merit Awards.. A shekarar 2016, ta sami lambar yabo ta mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen Rediyo (South-South) a babbar cibiyar watsa labarai ta Najeriya. An ba ta lambar yabo na On-Air Personality of the Year (Mata) a lambar yabo ta Matasa duka. A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba shekarar 2019, an ba ta lambar yabo ta The Future Awards Africa a Prize for Journalism category.
Rayuwa a Baya
A shekarar 2019, ta samar da fim din labari mai suna "Life at the Bay" a Legas, Najeriya. Fim din ya ba da labarin mazaunan Tarkwa Bay da tsira da gwagwarmayar rayuwar matan su. .
A ranar 17 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2019, fim din Nora Awolowo an zabe ta hanyar Bikin Gasar Fim ta Duniya (Real Time International Film Festival)..
A ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2019, an zabi fim din don nunawa a Babban Fim din Kasa da Kasa na Afirka (AFRIFF). .
Labaran 2019 na Jima'i dan cin Jarabawa
A ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2019, Mordi tare da tawagarta a BBC Africa Eye sun fitar da wani shirin na tsawon awa daya wanda ya nuna karin Malaman da ke da laifin cin zarafin daliban da suka haddasa dakatar da Dakta Samuel Oladipo, malami a Sashen ilimin tattalin arziki, Jami'a. na Legas. . A ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2019, majalisar dattijan Najeriya ta saurari kiran 'yan Najeriya tare da sake gabatar da dokar hana fitina kuma an karanta ta a zauren majalisar dattawa. .
Gwarzo (sunan mahaifi)
Gwarzo sunan mahaifi ne a Najeriya wanda zai iya koma zuwa
Harshen Jagham
Harshen Jagham, Ejagham, wanda aka fi sani da Ekoi, harshe ne na Ekoid dake Najeriya da Kamaru wanda mutanen Ekoi ke amfani da ita. E- dake cikin kalmar Ejagham na wakiltar prefix na aji don "harshe", kwatankwacin Bantu ki- a yaren KiSwahili
Ekoi na daya daga cikin mutane da dama da ke amfani da akidar Nsibidi, watakila kuma su ne suka kirkiro su.
Tsarin Rubutu
John R. Watters da Kathie Watters sun kirkiro haruffan Jagham a shekarar 1981.
Yaruka
Ekoi ta bambanta da sauran yare. Yaren Ejagham sun kasu zuwa kashi na Yamma da na Gabas:
Askia Muhammad
Askia Muhammad marubuci ne, Ɗan jarida, furodusa, mai sharhi, kuma Ɗan jarida ne mai daukar hoto. A Ƙungiyar Ƴan Jaridu ta baƙaƙen fata saboda aikin da ya yi a gidan Rediyon Jama'a na ƙasa, tare da farko "Kyauta ga ƙwarai" don kyaututtukan da ya yi game da "Mississippi da Tunawa da Ni" da "Mike Tyson: Duba Kanku" da na uku sanya lambar "Jinjina ga Kyau" ga "Ethel Payne Postage Stamp".
Harshen Jagham
Yaruka
Blench (2019) kuma ya lissafo Ekin a matsayin harshen Ejagham.
Askia Muhammad
Ya yi aiki a matsayin editan Muhammad Speaks kuma a matsayin shugaban ofishin Washington na The Final Call, manyan jaridu na Ƙasashen Musulmi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sharhi ga Rediyon Jama'a na kasa da kuma marubucin jaridar Washington Informer. Shi ne mawallafin littafin Bayan Layin Abokai.
Mutuwa
Ya rasu ranar 17 ga watan Faburairu, 2022.
Harshen Jagham
Tsari
Ekoi yana da azuzuwan suna kamar haka, wanda aka jera anan tare da makamantan su na yaren Bantu. Watters (1981) ya ce akwai kaɗan fiye da na Bantu saboda haɗuwa (aji na 4 zuwa 3, 7 zuwa 6, da dai sauransu), ko da yake Blench ya lura cewa babu wani dalili na tunanin cewa harshen asalin na da nau'o'in suna da yawa kamar proto. - Bantu. ('N' na nufin harafin da ke fita ta hanci. 'j' shine "y". )
Stuttgart
Stuttgart [lafazi : /stutegart/] birni ce, da ke a ƙasar Jamus. A cikin birnin Stuttgart akwai mutane 623,738 a kidayar shekarar 2015. An gina birnin Stuttgart a karni na goma bayan haifuwan annabi Issa. Fritz Kuhn, shi ne shugaban birnin Stuttgart. Babban birni da yankin babban birni suna cikin jerin manyan yankuna 20 na Turai ta GDP; Mercer ya jera Stuttgart a matsayin na 21st akan jerin biranen 2015 ta ingancin rayuwa; hukumar kirkire-kirkire 2tunanin ya sanya birnin na 24th a duniya cikin biranen 442 a cikin Innovation Cities Index; birni a matsayin birni na Beta na duniya a cikin bincikensu na 2020. Stuttgart na ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka karɓi gasa a hukumance na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA na 1974 da 2006.
Faisal Hawar
Faisal Ahmed Yusuf "Hawar" (Somali, فيصل هوار) (an haife shi a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da uku 1963A.C) ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan ƙasar Somaliya ne. Shi ne Shugaba kuma wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Ci gaban Somaliya ta Duniya da kuma Kamfanin Albarkatun Maakhir.
Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Hawar Faisal Ahmed Yusuf a shekara ta 1963 a birnin Aden na kasar Yemen. Iyalinsa sun fito ne daga yankin Las Khorey da ke arewacin yankin Sanaag na Somaliya, tungar 'yan kabilar Warsangali na Harti Darod. Mahaifin Faisal, marigayi Haji Hawar, ya kasance fitaccen manaja mai kula da harkokin man fetur na Biritaniya da ke Yemen.
Sana'a
Hawar ya fara aikinsa ne a shekarar 1991 a matsayin mai kula da ingancin tsarin kwamfuta tare da Etisalat, babban kamfanin sadarwa a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. A shekara ta 1998, ya zama Shugaban Ayyukan IT na Babban Bankin Musulunci na Abu Dhabi, wanda a lokacin yana farawa. Hawar ya shiga kamfanin sadarwa na tauraron dan adam Thuraya Group na Etisalat a shekara. A matsayinsa na Babban Jami'in Watsa Labarai na kamfanin tsakanin shekarun 2007-2008, ya jagoranci wasu sassa biyar, ma'aikata 89, kuma ya gudanar da jimillar Capex/Opex na dalar Amurka miliyan 30. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Ofishin Watsa Labarai/Daraktan IT na sashin sadarwa na Zanzibar na Etisalat.
Hawar yana bayar da shawarwari ga hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban. Ya kuma kafa kamfanoni masu ba da shawara da dama, wadanda suka taimaka wajen samun fahimtar juna tsakanin hukumomi da masu zaman kansu. Bugu da kari, Hawar ya kasance jagora wajen jawo masu saka hannun jarin kasashen waje kai tsaye a Somaliya. Don haka, ta hanyar kamfaninsa na Makhir Resource, ya kulla yarjejeniya a shekarar 2012 tare da wani kamfanin zuba jari na Girka don bunkasa tashar kasuwanci ta Las Khorey.
Har ila yau, Hawar ya tsunduma cikin tsarin siyasa a Somaliya. A lokacin mulkin Shugaba Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Hawar ya taimaka wajen sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 1 a taron FOCAC. Daga baya ya goyi bayan takarar Shire Haji Farah a lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na yankin arewa maso gabashin Puntland mai cin gashin kansa na shekara ta 2014. Yayin da yake aiki a matsayin wakilin Puntland a Kuwait, Hawar ya kuma kula da wata yarjejeniya a Dubai tsakanin gwamnatin Puntland da wani kamfanin Kuwaiti don bunkasa kayan aiki a filin jirgin sama na Garowe da jami'ar Maakhir. Yarjejeniyar dai ta kai dala miliyan 10 kuma asusun bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasashen Larabawa (KFAED) na kasar Kuwait ne ya dauki nauyinta. A watan Oktoban 2013, Ministan Kudi na Puntland Farah Ali Jama da Mataimakin Darakta na KFAED Hamad Al-Omar sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar bayar da tallafi a Kuwait. Yarjejeniyar za ta sanya Asusun ya kara dala miliyan 10, wanda za a ware dala miliyan 6 don gudanar da aikin aikin filin jirgin saman Garowe, sauran kuma za a ware domin aikin Jami'ar Maakhir.
Kyauta
A shekara ta 2013, Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na Somaliya ya nada Hawar a matsayin Gwarzon Shekara don karrama aikin sa na kasuwanci da jagoranci.
Kabilar Yakö
Mutanen Yakurr (ko kuma Yakö da Yakạ) suna zaune ne a ƙauyuka biyar na Jihar Cross River (Obono 2001, shafi na 200.p 3), a Najeriya. An fi sanin su da Umor, Ekoli, Ilomi, Nkoibolokom da Yakurr be Ibe. A dalilin matsalolin harshe da Turawan da suka ziyarci yankin na farko suka fuskanta, an san ƙauyuka da sunaye wadanda ba daidai ake kiransu ba – Ugep, Ekori, Idomi, Nko da Mkpani (Okoi-Uyouyo 2002). Daga ƙarshe, sun zamo samfurin yakpanikpani (kalmar Lokạ dake nufin "dabarun"), suna ne, wanda Enang (1980) ya ce mutanen Ugep sun ba su bayan an yaudare su a cikin rikici ( Yakurr News ).
Yanki
An fi samun mutanen Yakurr a yankunan da ke tsakanin latitudes 50 401 da 60 101 na arewacin equator da longitudes 80 21 da 60 101 gabas da Greenwich Meridian da 120 km daga arewa maso yammacin Calabar, babban birnin jihar Cross River. Ana samun su a karamar hukumar Yakurr a yau kuma su ne kabila mafi girma a jihar. Sun hada iyakokinsu daga arewa da gabas da kabilun Assiga, Nyima da kabilun Agoi na karamar hukumar Yakurr, ita hada iyaka daga kudu da karamar hukumar Biase sannan ta hada iyaka daga yamma da karamar hukumar Abi.
Zuwa shekarar 1935, mutanen Yakurr suna da yawa kimanin 22,000 da 38,000 ta 1953 (1939, 1950, da 1964; Hansford et al. 1976; da Crabb 1969). Kananan hukumomi da jihohi sunyi watsi da kididdigar yawan jama'ar Yakurr bisa ƙidayar jama'a ta 1991su saboda rashin daidaituwarsu. Har yanzu ba'a saki sakamakon kidayar jama’a ta shekara ta 2006 da gwamnatin Najeriya ta yi akan yawan mutanenta ba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">]
Asali
Harshen da Yakurr ke magana shi shine Lokạ, yaren Upper Cross River. Iwara (1988) ya bayyana harshen a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan harsunan jihar Cross River, zasu iya kwatantuwa da mutanen Efik dangane da yawan masu magana da ita, wacce ke da matsayi na musamman na lingua franca a jihar. A cewar Ethnologue, mutane 120.000 ne ke magana a da harshen a shekarar 1989 (Eberhard et al. 2019).
Richard Mofe-Damijo
Richard Eyimofe Evans Mofe-Damijo (an haife shi 6 ga Yuli shekarata 1961), wanda aka fi sa ni da RMD, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Nijeriya, marubuci, furodusa, kuma lauya. Ya kuma kasance tsohon Kwamishinan Al'adu da yawon bude ido a jihar Delta. A shekara ta 2005 ya lashe lambar yabo ta kwalejin finafinai ta Afirka don Gwarzon Jarumi a Matsayin Babban Matsayi Ya karɓi Kyautar Gwargwadon Rayuwa a bikin ba da lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Afirka na 12 a cikin 2016
Kabilar Yakö
Asali
Mutanen Yakurr suna ɗabi'u daban daban na zamantakewa, amma ɗabi'ar harshe, siyasa, addini da al'adu. A rashin ajiyayyun rubuce-rubucen, tsarin harshe, siyasa, addini da al'adu iri ɗaya na daga cikin tabbatattun shaidu na kafa zuriya da alaƙar halitta mai karfi.
Richard Mofe-Damijo
Rayuwar farko
Mofe-Damijo haifaffen garin Aladja ne na masarautar Udu, kusa da Warri, jihar Delta. Ya halarci kwalejin Midwest, Warri da Anglican Grammar School kuma ya kasance memba na Clubungiyar wasan kwaikwayo. Ya shiga Jami'ar Benin don ci gaba da karatunsa kuma ya karanci Theater Arts. A 1997 Mofe-Damijo ya sake komawa jami’a ya karanci aikin lauya a jami’ar ta Legas ya kuma kammala a shekarar 2004
Kabilar Yakö
Asali
Hijirar mutanen Yakurr daga ƙasar kakanninsu ta faro ne tun daga shekara ta 1617 miladiyya, a lokacin da aka samu rashin fahimtar juna tsakanin su Yakurr da maƙwabtansu, sakamakon keta al'adar binne su ya tilasta wa maƙwabtansu yaƙi da su, wanda ya sa aka kore su daga ƙasarsu ta gado.
Richard Mofe-Damijo
Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa a jami'a, Mofe-Damijo ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu na talabijin a ƙarshen shekarun 80 da ake kira Ripples. Kafin haka, yana da aiki tare da Jaridun Concord da Metro Magazine a matsayin mai kawo rahoto. Daga cikin iyaka shine fim na farko wanda ya sami karɓar yabo daga marubuci / furodusa A shekarar 2005 a bikin budurwa ta African Movie Academy Awards Mofe-Damijo ta lashe kyautar Gwarzuwar Jaruma a Matsayin Gwarzo.
Kabilar Yakö
Asali
Tarihin hijira na mutanen Yakurr, kamar yadda Ubi (1986 da 1978) ya bayar, ya kasance, tsakanin 1617 zuwa 1677, Yakurr sunyi hijira daga wannan mahaifar kakanni domin neman sabuwar kasa bayan anci galabar sojojinsu a hannun Akpa. Kusan AD 1660, wasu matafiya na Yakurr sun kafa sabbin gidajen zama a yankuna da suke a yanzu. Wadannan wurare sune Idomi da Ugep. A tsakanin shekara ta 1677 zuwa 1707, wasu 'yan ciranin Yakurr sun kafa garuruwan Ekori da Nko. Tsakanin 1707 da 1737 duk da haka wata ayarin 'yan hijira na Yakurr ta kafa mazaunin Mkpani.
Richard Mofe-Damijo
Harkar siyasa
An nada Mofe-Damijo a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kan al’adu da yawon bude ido ga Gwamnan wancan lokacin Emmanuel Uduaghan a 2008, sannan ya zama kwamishina na al’adu da yawon bude ido na Jihar Delta, Najeriya a shekarar 2009 Wa'adinsa ya kare a 2015
Kabilar Yakö
Asali
Dalilan da ya sa 'yan kabilar Yakur suka sake matsuguni a sabbin yankuna sun kasance musamman saboda bukatu na albarkatun kasa, sakamakon karuwar al'umma ta wata fuskar da kuma rikice-rikicen ta wata fuskar. Wannan cigaban na taimakawa ta hanyar auratayya da ƙaƙƙarfan magabata a cikin tsarin iyali. Don haka ya kasance mai sauƙi ga mutanen suyi ƙaura zuwa sababbin ƙauyuka. Wannan ya haifar da ɗan kamanceceniya a cikin sunayen 'yan gudun hijira da kuma na mutanen kauyukan da suka riska a duk ƙauyukan Yakurr.
Richard Mofe-Damijo
Rayuwar mutum
Mofe-Damijo ya auri 'yar jarida / mai wallafa a Najeriya, May Ellen-Ezekiel (MEE). Bayan mutuwarta a 1996, Richard Mofe-Damijo ya sake aurar da mutuncin TV, Jumobi Adegbesan, wanda daga baya ya bar TV zuwa duniyar kamfanoni.
Mofe-Damijo na da ‘ya’ya hudu: biyu tare da matar sa ta yanzu da kuma biyu daga auren da ya yi a baya.
Ƙungiyar Ƴancin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya
Ƙungiyar  'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya (ILHR) ƙungiya ce ta kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke da hedkwata a cikin Birnin New York.