cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Nau'in kiɗa
Wakar addini
Kiɗan al'adun gargajiya yawanci yana nufin waƙoƙin da aka kirkira a ƙarni na ashirin, waɗanda ake rubuta su a matsayin gaskiyar duniya da manyan batutuwan lokacin da aka tsara su. Masu fasaha ciki har da Bob Dylan ; Bitrus, Bulus da Maryamu ; James Taylor ; da Leonard Cohen sun sauya waƙoƙin jama'a zuwa abin da aka sani a yau. Sabbin mawaka kamar su Ed Sheeran (mutanen gargajiya) da The Lumineers (jama'ar Amurka) misalai ne na waƙar gargajiya ta zamani, wacce aka rikodin ta kuma dace da sabuwar hanyar sauraren kiɗa (ta yanar gizo) - ba kamar hanyar gargajiya ta watsa kida da baka ba.. Kowace ƙasa a duniya, a wasu lokuta kowane yanki, yanki da al'umma, suna da nasu salon waƙoƙin jama'a. Bangarorin daban-daban na al'adun gargajiya suna haɓaka ta kowane wuri, asalin al'adu da tarihi. Saboda kiɗan da aka haɓaka a wurare daban-daban, yawancin kayan kiɗan suna da halaye ga wuri da yawan mutane-amma ana amfani da wasu ko'ina: maballin ko piano accordion, nau'ikan sarewa ko ƙaho, banjo, da ukulele. Duk kiɗan Faransanci da na mutanen Scotland suna amfani da kayan alaƙa masu alaƙa kamar su abin ɗoki, garaya da bambancin jakar bututu.
Rarraba na atomatik
Hanyoyi na atomatik na gano kamanceceniya, dangane da haƙa bayanai da nazarin abubuwan da suka faru tare, an haɓaka don rarraba taken taken don rarraba kiɗan lantarki.
Fitowar sababbin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu da nau'ikan halittu
Sabbin nau'ikan na iya bayyana ta hanyar haɓaka sababbin sifofi da salon kiɗa da kuma ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sabon rarrabuwa. Kodayake abin tunani ne don ƙirƙirar salon kida ba tare da alaƙa da nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke akwai ba, sabbin salo galibi suna bayyana ne a ƙarƙashin tasirin nau'o'in da suka gabata.
Tsarin asalin nau'ikan nau'ikan kiɗa yana bayyana, sau da yawa a cikin tsarin jadawalin rubutu, yadda sababbin nau'ikan suka samo asali a ƙarƙashin rinjayar tsofaffi. Idan nau'uka biyu ko sama da haka da ke akwai suka haifar da sabon sabo, za a iya cewa haɗuwa a tsakanin su ya faru. Yawaitar shahararrun kiɗa a ƙarni na 20 ya haifar da ƙayyadaddun nau'ikan nau'ikan mawaƙa 1,200. Misalan nau'ikan fusion sun hada da jazz fusion, wanda shine haduwar jazz da kidan kade, da kuma kasar rock wanda yake hade da kidan kasar da kidan rock.
Tasirin zamantakewar al'umma akan zabar kiɗa
Tun da kida ya zama cikin sauki ( Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, da sauransu), mutane da yawa sun fara sauraron salon kida da fadi da fadi. Kari akan haka, asalin zamantakewar jama'a shima yana taka rawa babba cikin fifikon kiɗa. Hali shine babban mai ba da gudummawa don zaɓar kiɗa. Wani da ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin "ɗan tawaye" zai zaɓi salon waƙoƙi masu nauyi kamar ƙarfe mai nauyi ko dutse mai ƙarfi, yayin da wani kuma wanda yake ganin cewa sun fi “annashuwa” ko “hutawa” zai zaɓi salon waƙoƙi masu sauƙi kamar jazz ko kiɗan gargajiya. Akwai manyan abubuwa guda biyar waɗanda suke wanzu waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin fifikon kiɗa waɗanda ba su da jinsi,  kuma yana nuna martani / motsin rai / tasiri. Wadannan dalilai guda biyar sune:
Jinsi
Nazarin ya nuna cewa yayin da mata suka fi son kiɗan da ke da fa'ida, maza sun fi son sauraren kiɗa mai nauyi. Wannan wani lokaci ana haɗa shi tare da kan iyaka da mutane masu adawa da zamantakewa.
Shekaru
Shekaru wani mahimmin abu ne wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga fifiko na kiɗa. Akwai shaidu da ke nuna cewa zaɓi na kiɗa na iya canzawa yayin da mutum ya tsufa. Nazarin Kanada ya nuna cewa matasa suna nuna sha'awar mawaƙa masu kida yayin da manya da tsofaffi suka fi son nau'ikan gargajiya irin su rock, opera, da jazz.
Pierre Mauroy
Pierre Mauroy [lafazi : /piyer morwa/] ɗan siyasan Faransa ne. An haife shi a shekara ta 1928 a Cartignies, Faransa; ya mutu a shekara ta 2007 a Clamart, Faransa. Pierre Mauroy firaministan kasar Faransa ne daga Mayu 1981 zuwa Yuli 1984 (bayan Raymond Barre - kafin Laurent Fabius).
Tsohon Garuruwan Djenné
Tsohon Garuruwan Djenné wani gungu ne na ilimin kimiya na tarihi da na birane dake cikin birnin Djenné, a ƙasar Mali. Ya ƙunshi wuraren binciken kayan tarihi guda huɗu, wato Djenné-Djeno, Hambarkétolo, Kaniana da Tonomba. A cikin 1988, UNESCO ta sanya shi cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya.
Tarihi
Da yake zaune tun 250 BC, Djenné ya zama cibiyar kasuwa da kuma muhimmiyar hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin cinikin zinari na trans-Sahara. A karni na 15 da 16, ta kasance daya daga cikin cibiyoyin yada addinin Musulunci. Gidajenta na gargajiya, wadanda kusan 2,000 suka tsira, an gina su a kan tuddai (toguere) a matsayin kariya daga ambaliyar ruwa na yanayi.
Raphael Bocco
John Raphael Bocco (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, 1989) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Tanzaniya wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Simba, a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.
Abubakar Nagar
Abubakar Nagar shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin wuraren Deoria gundumar a Kasar India Jihar Uttar Pradesh.
An sanya wa Abubakar nagar sunan Maulana Hakeem Abubakar (a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 1879 - 10 January 1070), mashahurin Hakeem, malami kuma Malami. Mahaifin Maulana Abubakar, Haji Mahmood Ali sanannen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ma'aikacin zamantakewar Calcutta [kolkata]. Bayan tsananin adawa da mulkin Biritaniya, Haji Mahmood ya gudu daga Calcutta kuma bayan yawo a wurare da yawa, daga karshe ya isa Ghazipur.
Raphael Bocco
Aikin kulob
An haife shi a Dar es Salaam, Bocco ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob ɗin Azam kusan shekaru 10.
Bengal ta Yamma
Bengal ta Yamma jiha ce, da ke a Gabashin ƙasar Indiya. Tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba’i 88,752 da yawan jama’a 91,347,736 (in ji ƙidayar shekarar 2011). Jihar tarayyar Indiya ce daga shekara ta 1905. Babban birnin jihar da birnin mafi girman jihar Calcutta ne. Gopal Krishna Gandhi shi ne gwamnan jihar. Jihar Bengal ta Yamma tana da iyaka da jihohin da yankunan biyar (Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha da Sikkim) da ƙasa uku (Bangladesh, Bhutan da Nepal).
Raphael Bocco
Aikin kulob
Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu da kulob ɗin Simba a watan Yuni 2017. Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangilar shekaru biyu a cikin watan Afrilu 2021.
Maud Meyer
Maud Meyer yakasance mawakiyar Nijeriya ce. An haifi Maud ne a birnin Patakwal (Port Harcourt), dake ƙasar Nijeriya.
Hyundai Tucson
Na farko-ƙarni Hyundai Tucson, samar daga 2004 zuwa 2009, alama Hyundai ta shiga cikin m SUV kasuwar. Tucson ya fito da wani tsari na zamani da na zamani, yana nuna himmar Hyundai don samar da aiki da ƙima. A ciki, Tucson ya ba da kwanciyar hankali da aiki na ciki, sanye take da fasali masu dacewa da sararin kaya. Tucson na ƙarni na farko yana da injunan silinda huɗu masu inganci mai ƙarfi, yana ba da isasshen aiki don tuƙi na birni da abubuwan ban sha'awa na waje. A matsayin ƙaramin SUV mai sauƙi da ingantaccen tsari, Tucson ya sami farin jini a tsakanin iyalai da mutane masu aiki waɗanda ke neman abin hawa mai araha kuma mai araha.
Barbara Minishi
Barbara Minishi yar fim ce ta Kenya, Mawaƙi, mai ɗaukar hoto da kuma daraktan zane-zane waɗanda jigogin binciken su ke tafiyar da su ta hanyar tafiye-tafiye na tatsuniyoyi na kai, Nature, Alchemy & Arcana da ilhama na zane-zane na gani. A matsayin darektan zane-zane ta yi aiki a kan fina-finai da bidiyon kiɗa, da kuma Kapringen (A Hijacking), wani fim ɗin fasalin Danish daga 2003. A Kenya, tana cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu daukar hoto na kayan ado. An nuna jerin hotuna na Minishi a cikin littafin 9 Masu ɗaukar hoto daga Kenya da aka buga tare da haɗin gwiwar National Museums of Kenya.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Barbara Minishi, daga Nairobi, Kenya, ta kammala karatun digiri a 2003 da digiri na BA a fannin sadarwa. Aikinta na ƙwararriyar Mai ɗaukar hoto ta fara ne lokacin da ta fahimci hotunan haɗin zuciya da ke tattare da ita.
Minishi ta ce, “Hoto shi ne yadda na fara bincike na kere-kere kuma ko ta yaya mutum zai iya cewa kyamarar ta zama kayan aiki a gare ni don fallasa, ɓata, da wasa da irin waɗannan rubutun na ainihi. 'muryata' da kuma hanyar zama ce ta haifar da 'al'amuran' waɗanda zan iya shiga tare da jigogi kamar ra'ayi da kabilanci, ƙasa da abin mallaka, magana mai motsa rai, tasirin birni da kyau.
Duk da 'nasara' na kasuwanci na fara tambayar matsayina na Mace na Bayar da Kayayyakin, da yadda hangen nesa na, alƙibla da aikina zai iya rikidewa daga wani aiki mai mahimmanci na bincike da nishaɗantarwa wanda ya shafi masu sauraro tare da samar da sarari don shiga da shiga tare da su. masu sauraro.
Ayyukana sun ci gaba da haɓaka kuma tare da shi ma kayan aikin da na ƙirƙira da su, waɗanda a yanzu sun haɗa da Fim, Rawa, Zanen Makamashi, Aikin Mafarki da Sauti mai Sauti da mai Motsi.
Yanzu na sami kaina a cikin buɗaɗɗen sararin samaniya, tare da ci gaba da jujjuyawar taɗi na gani, labarin bincike na zahirin ilimi, tambaya ta mata da tunani na allahntaka.
Akwai hulɗa tare da ɓoyayyun niyya da haɗin gwiwa tare da bayyana canji mai tasowa tare da haɗin kai mai hankali tare da sabon wuri mai faɗi, al'adu da ra'ayoyi."
Ayyukanta na ci gaba da haɓakawa kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki akan rubuce-rubuce da jagorantar fim ɗin fasalinta da sauran ayyukan irin su gajerun fina-finai na gwaji, bidiyo salo, shirye-shiryen da aka ba da izini, Zane-zane, da Rubutu.
Kyauta
Minishi ta lashe mafi kyawun Darakta saboda aikinta a fim ɗin Nairobi Half Life a 2014 African Magic Viewer's Choice Awards a cikin Maris 2014.
Dunyashe
Dunyashe wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Mai'adua, a Jihar Katsina.
Tsibiran Andaman da Nicobar
Tsibiran Andaman da Nicobar yanki ne, da ke a ƙasar Indiya, tsakanin tekun Bengal da tekun Andaman. Yana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita murabba’i 8,249 da yawan jama’a 380,520 (in ji ƙidayar shekarar 2012). Jihar tarayyar Indiya ce daga shekara ta 1956. Babban birnin yanki da birnin mafi girman yanki Port Blair ne. Devendra Kumar Joshi shi ne laftanan-gwamnan yankin.
Agenda 2063
Agenda 2063 wani tsari ne na shirye-shiryen da aka gabatar kuma a halin yanzu ana aiwatar da shi ta Tarayyar Afirka. An karbe shi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2015 a taron 24 na Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnatocin Tarayyar Afirka a Addis Ababa. An fara kiran irin wannan ajanda ne daga Majalisar Tarayya ta 21 a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2013, shekaru 50 bayan kafuwar Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka, a matsayin shirin shekaru 50 masu zuwa. Manufofin da aka bayyana na Agenda sune ci gaban tattalin arziki (gami da kawar da talauci a cikin ƙarni ɗaya), haɗin kai na siyasa (musamman ta hanyar kafa tarayya ko haɗin kai na Afirka), inganta dimokuradiyya da adalci, kafa tsaro da zaman lafiya a duk nahiyar Afirka, karfafa asalin al'adu ta hanyar "farfadowar Afirka" da manufofin Afirka, daidaito tsakanin jinsi, da kuma 'yancin siyasa daga ikon kasashen waje.
Shugaba Alassane Ouattara na Côte d'Ivoire ne ya gabatar da rahoton nahiyar na farko game da aiwatar da Agenda 2063 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2020, wanda ke nuna farkon sake zagayowar rahoto na shekaru biyu. Yana auna ci gaba a kan saitin manufofi da aka ayyana don Shirin Aiwatar da Shekaru Goma na farko kuma an ƙaddamar da shi tare da allon layi na kan layi wanda ke nuna ci gaba a kowane yanki na Agenda da yankuna na ƙasa.
Ayyuka masu mahimmanci
Agenda ya haɗa da manyan ayyukan 15, waɗanda aka gano a matsayin mabuɗin don ba da damar da hanzarta ci gaba a duk fannoni na ci gaba. Waɗannan su ne:
Evi Edna Ogholi
Evi Edna Ogholi (6 Yuli 1965 – ) mawakiyar Nijeriya ce.
Agenda 2063
Aiwatarwa
An kafa Bankin Zuba Jari na Afirka da Asusun Kudi na Afirka, tare da hedkwatar da za a gina a Tripoli, Libya da Yaoundé, Kamaru, bi da bi. An shirya Masar don karbar bakuncin Hukumar sararin samaniya ta Afirka. An kirkiro Pan African Virtual da E-University (PAVEU) a matsayin hannun dijital na Jami'ar Pan-African kuma tana ba da saiti na farko na darussan uku.
Yawancin ayyukan suna riƙe da rashin kuɗi, kamar hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai saurin gudu, hukumar sararin samaniya, da Dam din Inga.
Haɗin waje
Agenda 2063 ci gaba dashboard a shafin yanar gizon NEPAD
Yankin yancin ciniki na Afirka
Yankin Ciniki na Afirka (AFTZ) yanki ne na cinikayya kyauta wanda aka sanar a taron koli na EAC-SADC-COMESA a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2008 ta shugabannin Kudancin Afirka (SADC), Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Gabas da Kudancin Afrika (COMESA) da Kudanci na Afirka (EAC).
Yankin Ciniki na Afirka kuma ana kiransa Yankin Cinikayya na Afirka a wasu takardun hukuma da sakonnin manema labarai.
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012 an kara ra'ayin don hada da ECOWAS, ECCAS da AMU.
A watan Yunin 2015, a taron koli na Tarayyar Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu, an kaddamar da shawarwari don ƙirƙirar Yankin Ciniki na Continental (CFTA) tare da dukkan jihohin Tarayyar Afrika 55 a shekarar 2017.
Galadima
Galadima wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Mai'adua, a Jihar Katsina.
Yankin yancin ciniki na Afirka
Sa hannu
Shugabannin bangarorin kasuwanci guda uku na AFTZ, COMESA, EAC, da SADC, sun sanar da yarjejeniyar, tare da manufar kirkirar yankin cinikayya kyauta guda daya da za a kira shi Yankin Ciniki na Afirka, wanda ya kunshi kasashe 26 tare da GDP na kimanin US $ 624bn (£ 382.9bn). An yi fatan cewa yarjejeniyar Yankin Ciniki na Afirka za ta sauƙaƙa samun dama ga kasuwanni a cikin yankin AFTZ kuma ta kawo ƙarshen matsaloli saboda yawancin ƙasashe membobin AFTZ na ƙungiyoyin yanki da yawa.
Yankin Ciniki na Afirka da aka sanar a taron koli na EAC-SADC-COMESA (wanda aka fi sani da taron koli na AFTZ da Tripartite) yadda ya kamata shine cikar mafarki sama da shekaru ɗari a cikin yin, yankin kasuwanci wanda ya mamaye tsawon nahiyar Afirka daga Cape zuwa Alkahira, daga Arewacin Afirka har zuwa kudancin Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu (Cape Town). Cecil Rhodes da sauran masu mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ne suka yi tunanin mafarkin Cape zuwa Alkahira a cikin shekarun 1890 kuma an bayyana shi a cikin mahallin da sassan daban-daban ciki har da, amma ba a iyakance shi ba, manufofi masu zuwa: Cape zuwa Alhira Road, Cape zuwa Alhairo Railway, Cape zuwa Cairo Telegraph, da Cape zuwa Cairo Trade Union.
DA
Da, DA, DA, DA, kuma wasu bambance-bambancen karatu na iya koma zuwa to:
Yankin yancin ciniki na Afirka
Sa hannu
Duk da yake wasu iko, musamman Jamus da Portugal suna da yankuna ko wuraren tasiri a yankin kasuwanci na Cape zuwa Alkahira da aka yi la'akari da su, babban mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar Cape zuwa Alihira zai kasance Burtaniya da Daular Burtaniya. Babban bambanci a cikin ra'ayin asalin yankin Cape zuwa Alkahira da kuma halin da yake ciki yanzu shi ne cewa Yankin Ciniki na Afirka shine kirkirar Kasashen Afirka don amfanin juna da ci gaban kasashe membobin AFTZ, mutanensu da dukan nahiyar Afirka maimakon yankin kasuwanci don amfanin Burtaniya. Daga ƙarshe, ana fatan AFTZ za ta zama babban gini ga hadin kan Afirka da kuma cimma burin Afirka a karkashin jagorancin Tarayyar Afirka.
Wani muhimmin bambanci tsakanin asalin da na yanzu shine cewa AFTZ ya ƙunshi yanki mafi girma fiye da wanda ko da Cecil Rhodes zai iya tunaninsa. Tunanin Cape zuwa Alkahira na asali a lokacin Cecil Rhodes kuma yanzu a ƙarƙashin AFTZ yanki ne na cinikayya kyauta wanda ya mamaye dukan nahiyar daga Cape Town a Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Alkahora a Misira. Cecil Rhodes' Cape to Cairo zai hada da kasashe da yawa. Bayanan da ke cikin Cape zuwa yankin Alkahira na yanzu wanda AFTZ ta tabbatar ya ƙunshi mafi yawan Afirka, kusan rabin ƙasashe (26 daga cikin 54), fiye da rabin samarwa, kasuwanci, yawan jama'a, ƙasa da albarkatu. Idan ya tabbatar da iyawarsa kuma ya zama ƙungiyar tattalin arziki da ta dace da gaske, AFTZ na iya yin gasa da kowane ƙungiyar tattalin arziki tare da manyan albarkatun ƙasa, manyan kasuwanni, matasa, da babbar ƙwarewar fasaha (yawanci ta hanyar SADC gabaɗaya da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu musamman).
Baya ga kawar da membobin da ke da ma'ana da kuma matsalar kasashe membobin da suka shiga cikin wasu tsare-tsaren hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki na yanki da tsare-tsare na hadin gwiwoyin siyasa da tsaro na yanki waɗanda zasu iya yin gasa da ko lalata juna, Yankin Ciniki na Afirka ya ci gaba da niyyar karfafa ikon cinikayya na AFTZ yayin tattaunawar yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa.
Masu sharhi sun yi imanin cewa yarjejeniyar Yankin Ciniki na Afirka za ta taimaka wa cinikayya ta cikin yanki da haɓaka ci gaba.
Dogon Dawa
Dogon Dawa ƙauye ne a ƙaramar hukumar Kaita, da ke a jihar Katsina.
Yankin yancin ciniki na Afirka
Muhimmancin tarihi na AFTZ
Taron EAC-SADC-COMESA an dauke shi tarihi ne saboda a karo na farko, tun lokacin da aka haifi Tarayyar Afirka, manyan gine-gine da yawa na EAC sun hadu kan yadda za a haɗa yankuna da kuma matsawa zuwa zurfafawa da fadada hadin kai a cikin Yarjejeniyar Abuja gaba ɗaya don kafa AEC. Bugu da ƙari, a karo na farko da aka kafa haɗin kai na gaske, daga arewa zuwa kudancin nahiyar. AFTZ (EAC, COMESA da SADC) a halin yanzu suna da jimillar yawan mutane miliyan 527 da jimilwar GDP na dala biliyan 625. A cikin girman da iyawa, AFTZ tana gasa da yawancin rukunin kasuwanci.
SADC ita ce mafi girma daga cikin rukunin kasuwanci na membobin AFTZ kuma tana rufe yawan mutane miliyan 248 da kuma yankin da jimlar GDP ta kai dala biliyan 379 a shekara ta 2006.
An kafa COMESA a cikin 1994 a matsayin maye gurbin Yankin Kasuwanci na Musamman. Ya haɗa da ƙasashe 20, tare da jimlar GDP na US $ 286.7bn a shekara ta 2006. Daga cikin mambobinta akwai Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda da Sudan.
EAC, mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin rukunin kasuwanci na membobin dangane da GDP, yana da GDP na US $ 46.6bn a shekara ta 2006.
Ƙasashen membobin
Kasashen EAC-SADC-COMESA na Yankin Ciniki na Afirka sun hada da kasashe masu zuwa:
Taron Tattalin Arziki na AFTZ
Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati masu zuwa sun halarci taron na AFTZ Tripartite:
Masu wakilci masu zuwa sun wakilci Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati na ƙasashe masu zuwa:
Jami'ai masu zuwa sun wakilci kungiyoyinsu a taron koli na uku:
Har ila yau a cikin halarta akwai manyan jami'an zartarwa na
Shugaban SA a kan AFTZ
Shugaba Kgalema Motlanthe na Afirka ta Kudu yana magana a Kampala, Uganda, a taron al'ummomin tattalin arziki na yanki uku na Afirka, ya yi jayayya cewa AFTZ muhimmiyar mataki ce a hadewar tattalin arzikin Afirka da kuma hadin kan nahiyar. Tare da babban rashin tabbas a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya biyo bayan karuwar farashin abinci da makamashi kuma, kwanan nan, rikice-rikice a cikin kasuwannin kuɗi, Motlanthe ya ba da shawarar cewa zuwan AFTZ ba zai iya kasancewa a kan lokaci ba.
Duk da yake Afirka da sauran kasashe masu tasowa suna da tasiri a kan yanke shawara da suka kawo tsarin kudi na kasa da kasa zuwa gefen rushewa, ba tare da dalili ba, matalauta da marasa lafiya na waɗannan ƙasashe za su ɗauki nauyin matsalar tattalin arziki. "Yana da mahimmanci cewa ana haɓaka ingantaccen matakan gyara don rage mummunan tasirin rikice-rikicen, kuma dole ne a haɗa ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin shugabancin cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi na duniya", in ji Motlanthe.
A lokaci guda, ya zama dole a yi aiki don inganta tsarin cinikayya na duniya wanda ya sanya damuwar kasashe masu tasowa, gami da ƙasashen Afirka, a tsakiya.
Ya kuma bukaci Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (Comesa), Kungiyar Gabashin Afirka (EAC), da Kudanfin Kudancin Afrika (SADC), kara hadin kai zuwa ga mafi girman hadin kai.
"Tsarin da muke fara a yau yana nuna mataki na tarihi don cika wajibai a karkashin Tarayyar Afirka da tsarin Yarjejeniyar Abuja na hadin kan nahiyar, wanda ya fahimci cewa Al'ummomin Tattalin Arziki na Yankin sune gine-gine ga Al'ummar Tattalin arzikin Afirka. "
"A matsayin mataki na gaba na fadada kasuwannin yanki a Afirka, tsarin da muka ƙaddamar a yau zai sanya mu cikin matsayi mai ƙarfi don amsawa yadda ya kamata ga karuwar gasa ta tattalin arzikin duniya kuma zai fara shawo kan ƙalubalen da membobin kungiyoyin yanki da yawa suka kawo.
"Saboda haka bari mu yanke shawara da ya dace don yin aiki a hankali kuma tare da ƙuduri don kafa yanki ɗaya na cinikayya kyauta wanda zai haɗa yankunanmu uku cikin ɗaya, "
Yunkurin juyin mulkin Najeriya a 1976
Yunkurin Juyin mulkin Najeriyar a shekarar alif 1976 yunkuri ne na juyin mulkin soja wanda aka yi a Najeriya a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar alif 1976 lokacin da wani bangare na hafsoshin Sojoji, karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Kanar Buka Suka Dimka, suka yi yunkurin hambarar da gwamnatin Janar Murtala Mohammed. (wanda shi da kansa ya karɓi mulki a juyin mulkin 1975 ). An kashe Mohammed ne a Legas, tare da mai taimaka masa a- Laftanar Akintunde Akinsehinwa, lokacin da aka yi wa motar tasa kwanton-bauna a Ikoyi a kan hanyar zuwa Barikin Dodan, ta hanyar wasu sojoji karkashin jagorancin Dimka. A wani shiri da ya shirya wa kasar, Dimka ya ambaci cin hanci da rashawa, yanke hukunci, kamewa da tsarewa ba tare da gurfanar da shi gaban kotu ba, rauni daga bangaren Mohammed da rashin tsari baki daya a matsayin dalilan kifar da gwamnatin. Sojojin gwamnati sun murkushe yunkurin juyin mulkin sa’o’i da yawa bayan haka.
Tosin Jegede
Tosin Jegede mawakiyar Nijeriya ce.
David Trezeguet
David Trezeguet (an haife shi a shekarar 1977 a birnin Rouen, na ƙasar Faransa). ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne a ƙasar Faransa. Ya bugawa Ƙungiyar ƙwallon  ƙafar ƙasar Faransa daga shekara ta 1998 zuwa shekara ta 2008.
Yunkurin juyin mulkin Najeriya a 1976
Bayan farautar makonni uku, an kama Dimka a kusa da Abakaliki da ke kudu maso gabashin Najeriya a ranar 6 ga Maris 1976. Bayan wani kotu Martial, Dimka da kuma wani 6 co-maƙarƙashiya aka kashe da harbe-harben tawagar a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu, shekarar alif 1976.
Kwararrafa
Kwararrafa, wata tsohuwar daula ce da rukunin ƙabilun da ake kira Ƙawancen-Kwa (Kwa-Group) suka kafa ta a yankin Arewacin Kogin Binuwai.
Tarihi
Daula ce da wasu masana tarihi suke ganin an kafa ta a cikin ƙarni na 14. Ta kuma yi sharafinta daga wannan ƙarni har zuwa cikin ƙarni na 17 (Dinslage da Leger, 1996). Haka nan, Okpeh da Ochefu (babu lokacin bugu) sun ambata cewa tarihi ya tabbatar da samuwar wata daula mai suna Kwararrafa a arewa da kogin Binuwai. Wannan daula ta haɗaka tsakanin waɗannan ƙabilu masu asali guda, Jukunawa ne suka shugabance ta.
Asali da Yararruka
Rubuce-rubuce masu tarin yawa, kamar irin su Dr. Dawuda (2011), Mac-Leva (2009), Okunna, Emman, Gausa, da Solomon, (2014), Ujorha (2012), Dinslage da Leger (1996), sun ruwaito cewa, yarurrukan da suka kafa wannan daular ƙwance ta Kwararrafa daga Gabas suka fito tare da ayyana Yamen a matsayin tushen su.
Yaƙuƙuwa
Mutanen Daular Kwararafa, mutane ne masu matuƙar jarumtaka wajen yaƙi, an ruwaito cewa, sun yi galaba a yaƙin da suka gwambza da manyan masarautun ƙasar Hausa waɗanda suka haɗa da Kano, Katsina , Dutse , Ningi, da kuma Zazzau (Wikipedia, 2016; Northern Nigerian Publishing Company, 1970; Sanusi, 2009). Wannan magana, ana iya ƙarfafarta da sunayen wasu unguwanni guda biyu da ke cikin garuruwan Kano da Zariya. Agarin Kano akwai wata unguwa mai suna “Yakasai”, wacce ruwayar kunne-ya-girmi-kaka ta sheda mana cewa kalma ce da ke nufin “Za mu dawo ko muna dawowa” wacce ta fito daga bakin su Jukunawa a lokacin da suka ci Kano da yaƙi. Haka nan kuma akwai unguwa mai suna ‘Tudun Jukun” a cikin garin Zariya.
Durƙushewa Rikicin shugabanci (tattaunawa da sarkin Pindiga), gujewa hare-hare daga daular Barno ta wani gefen, da kuma mayaƙan musulunci na daular Shehu Ɗanfodiye daga wani gefen (David, 2013; Boumo, 2011), na daga cikin manyan dalilan da ya kawo ƙauracewar wasu yarurrukan daga wannan yankin suka ƙetara zuwa kudu da Kogin na Binuwai.
Yaƙin Basasar Afghanistan (1996–2001)
Wannan labarin ya kunshi Tarihin Afghanistan tsakanin Bama da Taliban tayi wa Kabul, kuma sun kafa Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan a ranar 27 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1996,  , da mamayewar Amurka da birtaniya yayi wa Afghanistan a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoban Shekara ta 2001:  a lokacin da wani bangare ne na yakin basasar Afganistan da ya fara a cikin shekara ta  1989, sannan kuma wani bangare ne na yakin (a fadi mafi girma) a Afghanistan wanda ya fara a cikin shekara 1978.
Jahar musulunci ta Afghanistan gwamnatin na zaune a matsayin gwamnatin Afghanistan na mafi yawan} ƙasashen duniya, da Masarautar musulunci ta taliban a Afghanistan duk da haka tana karbuwa daga Saudi Arabia, Pakistan da kuma Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.
Ministan tsaron kasar na jahar musulunci Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, ya kirkiri Kunigiyar hada kai(Arewacin hadaka) a cikin 'yan adawa ga Taliban. Kungiyar hada kai ta hada dukkan kabilun Afghanistan: Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras, Turkmens, wasu Pashtuns da sauransu. A yayin rikicin, kungiyar Taliban ta samu tallafin soja daga Pakistan da kuma taimakon kudi daga Saudiyya. Pakistan ta tsoma baki a Afghanistan, tana tura dakaru da sojoji na kungiyar Frontier Corps da Soja akan kungiyar hadaka  Al-Qaeda tallafawa Taliban da dubunnan mayaka da aka shigo da su daga Pakistan, kasashen Larabawa, da Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Manyan mahalarta
Ahmad Shah Massoud (na kungiyar hadaka da jahar musulunci ta Afghanistan ), Mullah Mohammad Omar (na Taliban ) da Osama Bin Laden tare da Ayman al-Zawahiri (don Al-Qaeda da bukatun wasu Larabawa ) su ne manyan shugabannin kungiyar. yakin da ke zaune a Afghanistan. Akwai wasu shugabannin, galibi daga Pakistan (kamar Pervez Musharraf da kuma daga baya Janar Mahmud ) a gefe guda kuma daga Kungiyar hadaka (watau Haji Abdul Qadeer, Abdul Rashid Dostum ) a wancan gefen, wanda, amma, ba koyaushe yake cikin Afghanistan kanta ba. Ingancin rayuwar jama'ar Afghanistan ya dogara sosai da takamaiman shugaban da ke kula da yankin da suke zaune kai tsaye. Cikin wuri ya bambanta game da rayuwa da tsari a yankuna daban-daban.
Gungiyar hada (Kawancen Arewa)
A cikin dukkanin tarihin ayyukanta, Hadaddiyar kungiyar Musulunci ta Ceto ta Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Ahmad Shah Massoud, wani dalibin injiniya na Jami'ar Kabul ya zama shugaban soja wanda ya taka rawa wajen fitar da sojojin Soviet daga Afghanistan, yana samun kudi masa sunan barkwanci Lion na Panjshir. Mabiyansa kuma suna kiransa Smer Sāheb-e Shahīd ( Commanderaunataccen Kwamandanmu na Shahada ). Jaridar Wall Street Journal a wancan lokacin ta sadaukar da kayan murfin nata ga Massoud yana kiransa "Afganistan da ya ci Yakin Cacar Baki". Bayan ficewar sojojin Soviet daga Afghanistan da kuma rugujewar gwamnatin Mohammad Najibullah mai samun goyon bayan Soviet, Massoud ya zama Ministan Tsaro a 1992 karkashin gwamnatin Burhanuddin Rabbani. Bayan hauhawar kungiyar Taliban a shekarar 1996, Massoud ya koma matsayin madugun adawar da ke dauke da makamai, yana aiki a matsayin kwamandan soja na Hadaddiyar Daular Musulunci.
Massoud mutum ne mai zurfin addini da ruhaniya, wanda ke tsananin adawa da fassarar addinin Islama da Taliban ko Al-Qaeda suke bi. Musulmin Sunni shi ma yana dauke da littafin Sufi-mystic al-Ghazali koyaushe.
'Yan Taliban sun sha ba Massoud mukamin iko don sanya shi dakatar da juriyarsa. Massoud ya ki saboda bai yi yaki don kare karfi ba. Ya bayyana a wata hira:
Taliban suka ce; "kazo ka amshi mukamin pirayim minista ka  kasance tare da mu", wai zasu aje babban ofishi a kasar, shugaban kasan ce. Amma a wani farashi ?! Bambamci tskanin mu shine duk hanyoyin mu da dokokin jama'ar mu da jahar mu.baza mu yarda da dokokin yar jejeniya,ko kuma sare ma dokokin dimokaraddiyar zamani ba. Mu muna kalubalantar salon mulkin ake kira " Masarautar Afghanistan"
Massoud ya hakikance cewa tsarin dimokiradiyya ne kawai zai iya tabbatar da dorewar zaman lafiya a Afghanistan. Ya so ya shawo kan Taliban su shiga tsarin siyasa wanda zai kai ga zaben dimokiradiyya a nan gaba.
A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2001, kwana biyu kafin harin na 11 ga Satumba a Amurka, wasu da ake zargin wakilai ne na kungiyar Al-Qaeda suka kashe Massoud a lardin Takhar na Afghanistan. Jana'izar, kodayake ana yin ta a karkara, dubun dubatar mutane ne suka yi ta makoki. Shekarar da ta biyo baya, shugaban Afghanistan Hamid Karzai ya ba shi suna "Jarumi Kasa". Ranar mutuwarsa, 9 ga Satumba, ana kiyaye ta a matsayin ranar hutu a ƙasar Afghanistan, wanda aka fi sani da "Ranar Massoud". Shekarar da ta biyo bayan kisan nasa, a shekarar 2002, an zabi Massoud don kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya (wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, ba a taba bayar da shi ba bayan mutuwa).
Hyundai Veracruz
Hyundai Veracruz, wanda aka samar daga 2007 zuwa 2012, shine Hyundai's midsize crossover SUV, wanda aka ƙera don yin gasa tare da ƙarin ƙirar ƙira a cikin ɓangaren. Veracruz ya nuna wani tsari mai ladabi da kyan gani, yana nuna sararin samaniya da kuma ciki. A ciki, Veracruz ya ba da layuka uku na wurin zama, wanda ke ɗaukar fasinjoji har bakwai cikin sauƙi. Veracruz ya nuna himmar Hyundai ga aminci da abubuwan ci gaba, yana mai da shi zaɓi mai amfani da dangi. Zaɓuɓɓukan injin sun haɗa da injin V6 mai ƙarfi, yana ba da isasshen ƙarfi don tukin birni da balaguron balaguro. Veracruz ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar sunan Hyundai don gina manyan SUVs masu inganci da ƙima.
Yaƙin Basasar Afghanistan (1996–2001)
Gungiyar hada (Kawancen Arewa)
Wani dan gudun hijirar, wanda ya takurawa danginsa 27 cikin wata tsohuwar motar jeep don tserewa daga Taliban zuwa yankin Massoud, ya bayyana yankin Massoud a matsayin "kusurwa ta karshe ta Afghanistan". Game da rayuwarsa a yankin Massoud ya ce: "Ina jin 'yanci a nan. babu wanda ke damu na.Ina yin aiki na. Ina kula da iyalina. Ina zama yadda nake so a wannan yankin. ” Massoud ba shi da wani tasiri a rayuwar mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan Abdul Rashid Dostum wanda ya shiga kungiyar Hadin Kan don yakar kungiyar Taliban.
A yankin Massoud, ba dole ba ne mata da 'yan mata su sanya burqar Afghanistan. An ba su izinin yin aiki da zuwa makaranta. Aqalla sau biyu da aka sani, Massoud da kansa ya shiga tsakani game da shari'ar auren dole. Duk da cewa gamsuwa da Massoud ya yi cewa maza da mata sun daidaita kuma ya kamata su sami 'yanci iri daya, dole ne kuma ya yi aiki da al'adun Afganistan, wadanda ya ce zai bukaci tsararraki ko sama da haka don cin nasara. A ra'ayinsa, ana iya cimma hakan ne ta hanyar ilimi.
Massoud ya kirkiro cibiyoyin dimokiradiyya wadanda aka tsara su cikin kwamitoci da yawa: siyasa, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da tattalin arziki. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun zo wurinsa da kansu lokacin da suke wata jayayya ko matsala kuma suka roke shi ya magance matsalolinsu.
Daruruwan dubunnan 'yan gudun hijira ne suka tsere daga Taliban zuwa yankunan Massoud. A shekarar 2001, Massoud da shahararren mai daukar hoto kuma tsohon jakadan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Reza Deghati ya bayyana halin kunci da ‘yan gudun hijirar Afghanistan suka shiga tare da neman taimakon jin kai.
Abdul Rashid Dostum
Bayan karuwar kungiyar Taliban da kwace Kabul, Abdul Rashid Dostum ya hada kai da kungiyar kawancen Arewa (United Front) da kungiyar Taliban. Stungiyar Arewa ta haɗu a karshen 1996 ta Dostum, Ahmad Shah Massoud da Karim Khalili a kan Taliban. A wannan lokacin an ce yana da kusan dakarun mazaje 50,000 da ke da goyon bayan jiragen sama da tankuna.
Yawa kamar sauran shugabannin kawancen Arewa, Dostum shima ya fuskanci rikici tsakanin kungiyarsa kuma daga baya aka tilasta shi ya mika ikonsa ga Janar Abdul Malik Pahlawan. Malik ya shiga tattaunawa a asirce da Taliban, wadanda suka yi alkawarin girmama ikonsa a galibin arewacin Afghanistan, don jin tsoron Ismail Khan, daya daga cikin makiyan su. A kan haka, a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1997, Malik ya kama Khan, ya ba da shi kuma ya bar Taliban suka shiga Mazar-e-Sharif, yana ba su iko da yawancin arewacin Afghanistan. Saboda wannan, aka tilasta Dostum ya gudu zuwa Turkiyya. ba da dadewa ba Malik ba da dadewa ba ya fahimci cewa Taliban bata da gaskiya a alkawarinsu yayin da yake ganin an kwance damarar mutanensa. Sannan ya sake hadewa da kawancen Arewa, ya kuma bijire wa tsoffin abokansa, yana kore su daga Mazar-e-Sharif. A watan Oktoba 1997, Dostum ya dawo daga gudun hijira kuma ya sake daukar caji. Bayan Dostum ya sake karbar ikon Mazar-e-Sharif na dan lokaci, Taliban ta dawo a 1998 kuma ya sake tserewa zuwa Turkiyya.
Haji Abdul Qadeer
Haji Abdul Qadeer (c. 1951 a Jalalabad, Afghanistan - 6 ga Yuli, 2002 a Kabul, Afghanistan) (Larabci: الحاج عبد القادر) fitaccen shugaban anti-Taliban ne na Pashtun a cikin United Front. Ya kasance dan uwan Abdul Haq, sanannen shugaban gwagwarmaya kan mamayar Soviet a Afghanistan. Iyalan Qadeer sun kasance dangi ne masu karfi a al'adance, suna da alaqa da tsohon sarkin Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir Shah. Haji Abdul Qadeer yana da tushe a gabashin Afghanistan kuma shi ne gwamnan lardinsa Nangarhar kafin 'yan Taliban su karbi mulki.
Qadeer ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Afghanistan a bayan gwamnatin Taliban bayan Hamid Karzai. A ranar 6 ga Yulin 2002, wasu ‘yan bindiga suka kashe Qadeer da surukinsa. An kuma kashe wani dan sa, Haji Mohammed Zaher a Kabul shi ma a 2002.
Taliban
Mullah Mohammed Omar ne ya shugabanci sojojin Taliban a lokacin yakin basasar Afghanistan. Mullah Omar ya bayyana kansa Amir-ul-Momineen (Amirul Muminina). Ba a daukar masa hoto da kyar kuma ya yi magana da 'yan jarida kai tsaye. Da yawa  sun ga Mullah Omar a matsayin mutumin da aka zaɓa daga hukumar leken asirin Pakistan, ISI.
Mabiyan kungiyar Taliban sun ce an haifi Mullah Omar ne a lardin tsakiyar Uruzgan, a shekarar 1962. Sauran kafofin sun sanya haihuwarsa a Kandahar, kamar 1959. Sun kuma ce ya yi karatu a makarantun Islamiyya da yawa a wajen Afghanistan, musamman a Quetta, Pakistan. A 1980s ya shiga cikin juriya game da mamayar Soviet. An yi imanin cewa ya rasa idanunsa ne yayin yakar Soviet a matsayin mataimakin Babban Kwamanda a jam'iyyar Harakat-i Islami ta Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi. A cikin 1994, Mullah Omar ya kwace mulki a Kandahar ta hanyar tumbuke gungun 'yan daba da sojoji a bayyanar farko ta kungiyar Taliban.
Mullah Omar yana da kyakkyawar alaqa da wani sanannen dan siyasa a duniya: Osama bin Laden. Ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yan bin Laden. Ya ki amincewa da bukatun Amurka da yawa don ya ba da Osama bin Laden, wanda aka kashe a watan Mayu na 2011 a cikin boye boye da mambobin United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group da kungiyar Leken Asiri ta SAD / SOG suka yi bisa umarnin Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama.
Wani nazari daga likitocin kare hakkin dan adam (PHR) ya ce: "Kungiyar Taliban ita ce bangare na farko da ke ikirarin iko a Afghanistan da ta auna mata don tsananin zalunci da kuma azabtar da su da keta haddi. A iya sanin PHR, babu wani tsarin mulki a duniya da ya tilasta rabin yawan jama'arta cikin kama-kama a gida, ya hana su azabar azaba ta zahiri. . "
Bayan karbe iko da babban birnin Kabul a ranar 26 ga Satumbar, 1996, kungiyar Taliban ta ba da umarni na hana mata yin aiki a wajen gida, zuwa makaranta, ko barin gidajensu sai dai idan wani dan uwansu ya raka su. A cikin jama'a, dole ne a lullube mata daga kai har zuwa kafarta cikin burki - suturar tsawon jiki tare da bude raga kawai don gani. Ba a ba wa mata damar sanya fararen (kalar tutar Taliban) safa ko takalmi ba, ko takalmin da zai iya yin kara yayin da ake shigarsu. Hakanan, gidaje da gine-gine dole ne a zana musu tagogin tagoginsu ta yadda ba za a iya ganin mata a ciki ba. Kusan an hana mata shiga rayuwar jama'a, an hana su damar kula da lafiya, ilimi, da aiki kuma ba a ba su damar yin dariya ta yadda wasu za su ji su ba.
'Yan Taliban, ba tare da wata kotu ta ainihi ba ko saurare, sun yanke hannayen mutane ko hannayensu a lokacin da ake zarginsu da sata. 'Yan kungiyar Taliban da suka yi kaurin suna daga mashahurin "Ma'aikatar Inganta nagarta da Rigakafin Mataimakin" sun kalli tituna suna gudanar da mugunta, bugun mutane a bainar jama'a lokacin da suka ga abin da suke dauka a matsayin dabi'ar da ba ta dace da Musulunci ba.
Pakistan
Janar Pervez Musharraf, mai ritaya mai tauraruwa hudu wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Hadin Gwiwar Kwamitin Sojoji daga 1998 zuwa 2001 da kuma Babban hafsan hafsoshin Sojojin Pakistan daga 1998 zuwa 2007, sun taka rawar gani wajen tsara rawar Pakistan a farar hula na Afghanistan yaki. A cikin 2001, zai ci gaba da zama shugaban mulkin sojan Pakistan da kuma Shugaban Kasa. Janar Pervez Musharraf ne ke da alhakin tura dubun-dubatar ‘yan kasar Pakistan don yin yaki tare da Taliban da Bin Laden a kan Ahmad Shah Massoud. A jimilce an yi imanin akwai 'yan Pakistan dubu 28,000 da ke yaki a cikin Afghanistan tare da sojojin Massoud. 20,000 sojoji ne na yau da kullun na Pakistan ko dai daga Frontier Corps, na 50th Airborne Division ko kuma sojoji na 12 na yau da kullun, kuma an kiyasta kimanin 8,000 mayakan da aka dauka a cikin madarasas masu cika matakan Taliban na yau da kullun. Kimanin Talibanan Taliban 25,000 na yau da kullun don haka ya kunshi fiye da Pakan ƙasar Pakistan 8,000. Wani daftarin aiki da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta yi a 1998 ya tabbatar da cewa "kashi 20 zuwa 40 na sojojin Taliban na yau da kullum 'yan Pakistan ne." Takardar ta ci gaba da cewa iyayen wadannan 'yan Pakistan din "ba su san komai ba game da shigar dansu da kungiyar Taliban har sai an dawo da gawarwakinsu zuwa Pakistan." Wani karin mayaka 3,000 na sojojin Taliban na yau da kullun sun kasance mayaƙan Larabawa da Asiya ta Tsakiya. Daga kusan 45,000 na Pakistan, Taliban da sojojin Al Qaeda da ke yaki da sojojin Massoud 14,000 ne kawai Afghanistan (Taliban).
Laftana-Janar Mahmud Ahmed, tsohon darekta-janar na hukumar leken asirin ta Pakistan (ISI), shi ne ke da alhakin tallafawa kungiyar ta Taliban. Yawancin jami'an ISI, kamar Laftana-Janar Hamid Gul, Laftanar-Janar Naseem Rana, Laftanar-Janar Ziauddin Butt da Kanar Sultan Amir Tarar mai ritaya, sun taka rawa a yakin. Jami'an sun ba da taimakon kudi, tattalin arziki, dabaru, da kuma na soji ga Taliban. An jagoranci sojojin Pakistan masu fada a karkashin jagorancin soja na Janar Naseem Rana, tunda shi ne babban kwamandan soja na dukkan sojojin Pakistan din. Kanar (wanda ya yi ritaya) Tarar ne ya ba da horon Taliban kuma, Janar (mai ritaya) Hamid Gul ke kula da taimakon kuɗi. Manjo-Janar Ziauddin Butt ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ayyukan leken asiri a karkashin Janar Naseem Rana. A duk wannan yakin, dukkan manyan hafsoshin sojan kasar sun kai rahoto ga Janar Naseem Rana wanda, ba shakka, ya gabatar da kimantawarsa sannan daga baya ya yiwa Janar Musharraf bayani game da kokarin da ya jagoranta a Afghanistan. Janar Musharraf ya kuma tura samari sojoji da sojoji wadanda ke karkashin Janar Naseem don yakar kawancen Arewa, kuma babu daya daga cikinsu da Janar Musharraf ko Janar Naseem Rana suka fada kan dalilin da ya sa aka tura su zuwa yakin, a madadin Taliban, kan makiyin da bai bayyana yakin Pakistan ba, Kawancen Arewa. Sojojin Pakistan sun yi yakin tare da Khaki Shalwar Qameez, maimakon sanya kayan yaki na hukuma, kamar yadda Janar Naseem Rana ya umarce su. Janar Naseem Rana ne ya yi hakan a kokarin boye asalin sojoji 'yan Pakistan ne, da kuma kaucewa matsin lambar kasa daga gwamnatin Navaz Sharif da matsin lambar kasashen duniya daga Yammacin duniya.
Ahmad Shah Massoud a asirce ya aika da manzo wanda ya tuntubi Navaz Sharif, Firayim Minista a wancan lokacin. Details na Pakistan Army da ISI 's hannu da aka bayar ga Prime Ministan Sharif. Lokacin da Sharif ya yi kokarin shiga tsakani, Janar Musharraf ya dakatar da Sharif, kuma ya kira Taliban a matsayin "kadara masu kima" da "Masu kare Pakistan gaba-da-gaba", saboda haka ya yi watsi da duk wani umarni daga Sharif na dakatar da goyon bayan Pakistan ga Taliban. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2008, tsohon mataimakin sakataren harkokin John Negroponte ya kare Janar Musharraf, ya kuma san dukan tarihin ISI. John Negroponte ya fayyace cewa an canza lokaci kuma ISI na kokarin yaki da ta'addanci.
Masu lura da al'amurra hira da Human Rights Watch, a Afghanistan da Pakistan da rahoton cewa Pakistan Army sufurin jiragen sama Corps 4th Army tsokana rundujar soja masu dawaki 's kula da jirgin sama taimaka Taliban sojojin a lokacin fama da gudanar da marigayi 2000, da kuma cewa manyan jami'an Pakistan ta m dillancin kuma sojojin da hannu a cikin shirin babbar Taliban ayyukan soja. Kamar yadda yaki cigaban, Pakistan Army tura ta 50th Airborne Division da Frontier Corps don samar da logistic support zuwa Taliban kamfen a kan Massoud ta sojojin.
Pakistan da Saudi Arabia sun kirkiro kawance mai zurfin dabaru kan batutuwa da dama daya daga cikin mahimmancin shine Afghanistan. Bayan juyin mulkin da Musharraf ya yi a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1999, babban birnin Saudiyya Riyadh shi ne babban birnin kasar waje na farko da Pervez Musharraf ya fara ziyarta, don nuna muhimmancin da ya ba dangantakar PAK da Saudiyya. Shugaba Musharraf ya karrama Sarki Abdullah ne ta hanyar ba shi lambar yabo mafi girma a Pakistan, Nishan-e-Pakistan, a wani bikin saka jari a fadar shugaban kasa. A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2007, Wakilin Masallatai Biyu Masu Alfarma Sarki Abdullah ya ba da lambar girmamawa ta Sarki Abdul Aziz, ga Shugaban Pakistan Gen. Pervez Musharraf yayin wani biki a fadarsa da ke Riyadh. Shugaban Pakistan na farko da ya taba karɓar wannan babbar daraja ta Saudiyya.
Al-Qaeda
Ayman al-Zawahiri shine "sarki " na biyu kuma na karshe na Jihadin Islama na Masar. A 1998 al-Zawahiri bisa tsari ya hade Jihadin Islama na Masar zuwa kungiyar bin Laden. Sau da yawa ana bayyana shi a matsayin "mai jiran gado" ga Osama bin Laden, duk da cewa zababben tarihin bin Laden ya ambace shi da "ainihin kwakwalwar" ta al-Qaeda. Ayman al-Zawahiri ya yi amannar cewa yana boye a Yankunan Kabilanci na Tarayya da ke karkashin jagorancin wasu masu sharhi yayin da wasu masu lura da al'amura ke ganin yana iya boyewa a manyan biranen Pakistan ko kuma wani wuri.
Daga 1996 zuwa 2001 Osama Bin Laden da Ayman al-Zawahiri sun zama kasa ta gari cikin kasar Taliban. Bin Laden ya tura mayaka Larabawa don su shiga yaki da United Front, musamman abin da ake kira 055 Brigade. Mayakan Larabawa a karkashin Bin Laden ne suka yi sanadiyyar mummunan kisan kiyashi a yakin, inda suka kashe daruruwan fararen hula a yankunan da United Front ke iko da su. Wani rahoto da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar ya ambato shaidun gani da ido a kauyuka da dama suna kwatanta mayakan Larabawa dauke da dogayen wukake da ake amfani da su wajen yanka makogwaro da fatar mutane. A halin da ake ciki, an san mayaka na Brigade ta 055 ta Brigade da aikata kisan kai a dunkule kafin fuskantar barazanar karbe su da sojojin abokan gaba kansu.
Hadin kai tare da Harkar Musulunci na Uzbekistan (IMU)
Harkar Musulunci ta Uzbekistan (IMU) gungiya ce ta mayaƙa da aka kafa a 1991 tare da ƙawancen ƙawance da Al Qaeda. An kiyasta cewa IMU a ƙarshen 1990s kusan maza 2000 ne masu ƙarfi, kuma sun ba da gudummawar kusan mayaka 600 don yaƙin Taliban a kan Massoud, suna cikin shiga Taloqan, inda suka yi yaƙi tare da Brigade na 055 na Bin Laden. Ba a sani ba idan IMU ta yi aiki kai tsaye tare da Taliban ko kuma tana da wata dangantaka da su, ganin cewa ‘yan Taliban din‘ yan kabilar Pashtun ne wadanda suka yi fada da kabilun da ba na Pashtun na Afghanistan ba. A cikin 2001 IMU ta lalace sosai yayin yaƙi tare da Taliban akan sojojin ƙawancen da Amurka ke jagoranta a Afghanistan. Wasu mayaƙansu da ba a san su ba sun tsere tare da ragowar 'yan Taliban zuwa Waziristan a Pakistan inda suka kirkiro wata ƙungiya mai bin sahun gaba. An kashe shugaban IMU na tsawon lokaci Tahir Yuldashev a sakamakon wani harin wuce gona da iri da Amurkawa suka kai a Kudancin Waziristan. Abu Usman ya gaje shi a matsayin sabon shugaban IMU. A yau akwai kimanin mayaƙan IMU 2,500 zuwa 4,000 da ke zaune a yankunan kabilu na Pakistan da Afghanistan.
Taliban ta hau karagar mulki
Bayan faduwar Najibullah mai ra'ayin gurguzu - a shekarar 1992, bangarorin siyasar Afghanistan suka amince kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da raba madafun iko (yarjejeniyar Peshawar). Yarjejeniyar Peshawar ce ta kirkiro daular Islama ta Afghanistan. Tun ranar farko da aka kafa ta har zuwa karshen 1994, sabuwar kungiyar Daular Islama ta Afghanistan (ISA) ta gamu da farmaki daga kungiyar Gulbuddin Hekmatyar ta Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin da ke dauke da makamai, da kudi da kuma bayar da umarni daga makwabtan Pakistan. Masanin Afghanistan Amin Saikal ya kammala a cikin Afghanistan ta zamani: Tarihin Gwagwarmaya da Tsira :
A halin da ake ciki, kudancin Afghanistan ba ya karkashin ikon mayakan sa-kai da ke samun goyon bayan kasashen waje ko kuma gwamnati a Kabul, amma shugabannin yankin kamar Gul Agha Sherzai da mayakansu ke mulki. A cikin 1994, kungiyar Taliban (kungiyar da ta samo asali daga Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam - makarantun addini na ‘yan gudun hijirar Afghanistan a Pakistan) sun kuma ci gaba a Afghanistan a matsayin kungiyar siyasa da addini, wanda aka ruwaito yana adawa da zaluncin gwamnan yankin. [39] <> A shekara ta 1994, kungiyar Taliban ta karbi iko a larduna da dama a kudanci da tsakiyar Afghanistan.
Mutanen Akan
Akan wata ƙabila ce da ke zaune a yankunan kudanci na ƙasar Ghana da Ivory Coast a yanzu a Yammacin Afirka. Harshen Akan (wanda aka fi sani da Twi /Fante) rukuni ne na yaruka a cikin reshen Tano na tsakiya na rukunin gidan Potou-Tano na dangin Niger-Congo. Rukunin ƙungiyoyin mutanen Akan sun haɗa da:
Hakanan ana iya samun al'adun Akan a cikin Amurka, inda aka kame wasu Akans a matsayin fursuna. Kusan kashi goma cikin ɗari na jiragen ruwa na bayi waɗanda suka tashi daga Kogin Zinariya sun ƙunshi mutanen Akan. Asalin tushen arziki a cikin tattalin arzikin Akan shine zinariya. Koyaya, kamewa da sayarwar mutanen Akan sun kai kololuwa yayin rikicin Fante da Ashanti (kamar yadda duka suka sayar da yawancin waɗanda suka kama a matsayin fursunonin yaƙi). Rikicin Akan ya haifar da adadi mai yawa na fursunonin soja, da aka sani da "Coromantee" ana sayar da shi cikin bautar. Sojojin Coromantee da sauran fursunonin Akan sun shahara da yawaitar tawayen bayi da dabarun juriya na shuka. Waɗannan fursunonin ana jin tsoron su a cikin Amurka duka. Gadonsu ya bayyana a cikin kungiyoyi kamar Maroons na Caribbean da Kudancin Amurka.