cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Malawi kwacha
Kwacha / / ˈkwætʃə / ; ISO 4217 : MWK, sunan hukuma Malawi Kwacha ) kudin Malawi ne tun daga 1971, wanda ya maye gurbin fam na Malawi . An raba tambala 100 . Kwacha ya maye gurbin wasu nau'ikan kudi, wato fam din Burtaniya, Rand na Afirka ta Kudu, da dalar Rhodesian, wadanda a baya suke yaduwa ta hanyar tattalin arzikin Malawi . Ana yin gyare-gyaren canjin kwacha na lokaci-lokaci, amma tun 1994 farashin canji ya tashi. A cikin 2005, Bingu wa Mutharika  ya sanya matakan gudanarwa don daidaita farashin musaya da wasu kudade.  Babban bankin Malawi ne ke ba da bayanan banki. A watan Mayun 2012, Bankin Reserve na Malawi ya rage darajar kwacha da kashi 34% kuma ya cire shi daga dalar Amurka.
Bayani
An fara amfani da sunan kwacha a Zambiya, inda aka fara amfani da kwacha na Zambia a shekarar 1968. Ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Chinyanja ko Chichewa ma'ana "ya waye", yayin da tambala ke fassara da "zara" a Chichewa. Sunan tambala ne saboda zakara dari suna sanar da wayewar gari.
Sa'adu Abubakar
An haifi mai martaba Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Sa'adu Abubakar III a 24 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta Alif da Dari tara da hamsin da shidda  (1956), a sananniyar masarautar nan ta gidan sarkin musulmi dake Sakkwato a Arewacin Najeriya). Shi ne kuma ke riƙe da mukamin shugaban kungiyar Musulmi ta Najeriya wato (Jama'atu Nasril Islam, (JNI)). Bayan sarautar kasar Sakkwato kuma shi ne shugaban sama da mutane miliyan saba'in na musulman Najeriya wadanda sune suke sama da rabin mutanen Najeriya. Mai martaba Sa'adu Abubakar ya hau karagar mulki ne bayan rasuwar yayan sa wanda shi ne ke kan karagar kafin rasuwar sa wato Muhammadu Maccido, wanda ya rasu sakamakon hadarin jirgin sama daya rutsa dasu.
Alaba Jonathan
Fara wasa
Alaba Jonathan tafara wasan kwallon kafa tun tana matashiya a Navy Angels. Bayan tayi rashin nasarar samun gurbi a senior Navy Angels, ta koma Pelican Stars a shekarar 2010 inda ta cigaba da zama a amatsayin kwantaragi.
Malawi kwacha
Tarihi
Kwacha ya maye gurbin fam na Malawi a shekarar 1971 akan kudi kwacha biyu zuwa fam daya.
Alaba Jonathan
Matakin kasa
Jonathan yar'wasan ƙungiyar Nigeria's national team ce kuma ta buga wasa ma ƙungiyar. Jonathan ta wakilce Najeriya amatsayin mai tsaron gida ta uku a gasar 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup a kasar Jamus. kafin nan a 2010, ta buga gasar U-20 World Cup for the Nigeria U-20's.
Malawi kwacha
Tarihi
one British pound sterling was equal to approximately 883.43 kwachas, one US dollar was equal to 725.16 kwachas and one South African rand was equal to 47.69 kwachas. one Euro is equivalent to 797.42 Kwachas.
Tsabar kudi
Tsabar kuɗi na farko da aka gabatar a cikin 1971 sun kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin 1, 2, 5, 10 da 20 tambala. A shekarar 1986, an kuma gabatar da tsabar tambala 50 da kwacha 1. A cikin Janairu 2007, tsabar kwacha 5 da 10, waɗanda a zahiri suna ɗauke da kwanan wata na 2006, an kuma sake su zuwa wurare dabam dabam. A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2012 an fitar da sabbin tsabar kudi 1, 5 da 10 kwacha don rarrabawa
Tsabar tambala 1 da 2 sun ƙunshi ƙarfe da aka yi da tagulla. Tsabar tambala 5 na karfe ne da aka yi da nickel. Tsabar tambala 50 da kwacha 1 sun hada da karfen tagulla.
Bayanan banki
A cikin 1971, an gabatar da takardun banki masu kwanan wata 1964 a cikin darikar tambala 50, 1, 2 da 10 kwacha. An gabatar da takardun kwacha guda 5 a shekarar 1973 lokacin da aka dakatar da takardar kwacha 2. An gabatar da takardun kwacha guda 20 a shekarar 1983. An fitar da tambala 50 a karshe a shekarar 1986, inda aka buga kwacha 1 na karshe a shekarar 1992. A shekarar 1993, an bullo da takardar kwacha 50, sai kwacha 100 a 1993, kwacha 200 a 1995, kwacha 500 a 2001 da kwacha 2000 a watan Nuwamba 2016 don saukaka matsananciyar karancin kudi.
Tun daga shekara ta 2008, ƙungiyoyin banki masu zuwa suna gudana: A cewar wata kasida a cikin Nyasa Times mai kwanan wata 9 ga Maris, 2012, a cikin watanni shida masu zuwa Bankin Reserve na Malawi zai gabatar da sababbin jerin bayanai, ciki har da wata takarda ta 1,000-kwacha, sau biyu mafi girma a halin yanzu. Gwamna Dr. Perks Ligoya ya sanar da bayanan a Biantyre a ranar 8 ga Maris. Sabbin bayanan kula za su kasance mafi ƙanƙanta a girman fiye da bayanin kula na yanzu, waɗanda ke aiki azaman ma'auni na yanke farashi. De La Rue ne za a buga sabon bayanin kula na kwacha 1,000.
A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2012, Nyasa Times ta ruwaito cewa Babban Bankin Malawi ya gabatar da sabuwar takardar kwacha 1,000 a cikin rarrabawa tare da sabbin bayanan da aka tsara. Sabuwar takardar kwacha 1,000 an kimanta kusan dalar Amurka 4. Sabon kwacha yana da fuskar shugaban kasa na farko Kamuzu Banda a gaba kuma baya ɗauke da hoton silin masara na Mzuzu.
An sami sabon bayanin kwacha 20 yana ɗauke da kuskure. A bayan bayanin akwai wani gini da aka bayyana shi da Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Domasi (wanda a yanzu ake kira da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Domasi). Sai dai kuma an ruwaito cewa, ginin na Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Machinga ne.
Babban bankin Malawi zai sake duba sabon dangin bayanin kula don su kasance masu "makafin abokantaka". A cewar kungiyar makafi ta Malawi, bayanan da aka samu a halin yanzu sun tada digo-digo don taimakawa wajen amincewa da darikokin, amma dige-dige sun yi kadan don yin amfani.
Fred Barber
Fred Barber (an haife shi a shekara ta 1963) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Abida Parveen
Abida Parveen (An haifeta ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1954), yar kasar Pakistan ce, yar darika ce, kuma mawaƙiya. Ita ce kuma take yin zane da gano sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci. Abida Praveen tana ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan da ake biyan su kuɗi sosai a Pakistan. Kiɗanta da kida sun sami kyaututtaka masu yawa, kuma ana kiranta da suna 'Sarauniyar Sufi music'.
Farkon rayuwa
Ana kiran Parveen a matsayin ɗayan manyan mawaƙa na duniya. Ta waka yafi ghazals, Thumri, Khyal, qawwali, Raga (Raga), Sufi dutse, Classical, Semi-na gargajiya music kuma ta forte, Kafis, wani solo Genre tare da feat. Irfan kuma harmonium, ta amfani da wani sharhin na songs by Sufi kasida. Parveen na waka a Urdu, Sindhi, Saraiki, Punjabi, Larabci da Persian. Ta kuma rera wata shahararren waƙar a cikin harshen Nepali mai suna "Ukali Orali Haruma" ta mawaƙin Nepali Tara Devi a cikin wani kide a Kathmandu, Nepal wanda Govinda ya halarta. A shekarar 2017, SAARC ta nada ta a matsayin 'Jakadan Zaman Lafiya'.
Parveen sananniya ce ta waƙoƙinta a cikin babbar murya Yaar ko Humne daga kundin Raqs-e-Bismil da Tere Ishq Nachaya wanda shine fassarar wakoki na Bulleh Shah. Pakistan 's biyu mafi girma farar hula lambar yabo da Hilal-e-Imtiaz da aka saukar gare Abida Parveen da shugaban kasar Pakistan domin 2012.
Parveen an haife ta a mohalla Ali Goharabad a Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. Ta fara horar da kade-kade tun daga mahaifinta, Ustad Ghulam Haider, wacce take kira da Baba Sain da Gawwaya. Yana da nasa makarantar kiɗa inda Parveen ta sami wahayi na sadaukarwa daga. Ita da mahaifinta koyaushe suna yin a wuraren bautar Sufi Saints. Kyautar Parveen ta tilasta mahaifinta ya zaɓi ta a matsayin magajin musika a kan hisa twoansa biyu. Ta girma, ta halarci makarantar kade-kade na mahaifinta, inda aka aza harsashinta a kida. Daga baya Ustad Salamat Ali Khan na Sham Chaurasia gharana shima ya koyar da ita kuma ya kula da ita. Parveen koyaushe tana tuna cewa ba a tilasta mata yin wannan sana'ar ba kuma ta rera ta kalam ta farko lokacin da take ɗan shekara 3.
Aiki
Parveen ta riga ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayon a Dargahs da Urs a farkon 1970s, amma a 1973, akan Radio Pakistan, ta sami nasarar farko ta farko tare da waƙar Sindhi Tuhinje zulfan jay band kamand widha. A shekarar 1977 aka gabatar da ita a matsayin wata mawakiya a hukumance a Rediyon Pakistan. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Parveen ta tashi zuwa matsayi kuma a yanzu ana ɗaukarta ɗayan fitattun masu fasaha na Pakistan. Ta yi kwaikwayon wakokin Sufi tare da sabon asali, wanda ke nuna alamar farkon wannan tafiya a Sultana Siddiqui 's Awaz-o-Andaz a 1980.
Parveen tana balaguron ƙasa ne, sau da yawa ana yin wasanni a wuraren sayarwa. Hazrat Amir Khusrau Society of Art and Al'adu, wanda ya ba da LP na waƙoƙin ta a shekarar 1988. Ta 1989 yi a London ta Wembley Conference Center aka watsa shirye-shirye a kan BBC. Parveen ta bayyana dalilanta na yin tafiye tafiye na kasa da kasa don yada yaduwar Sufism, zaman lafiya da sakon Allah. Ta yin hakan, ta kuma inganta al'adar Pakistan.
A cikin shekarun 1990s, Parveen ta ba da lasisi na ghazoals din ta na Bollywood, tunda 'dan uwanta na ruhaniya', Khan, suka yi rikodin wakoki don Bollywood. Kwanan baya Abida ta yi a babban bikin Sindh Festival wanda Bilawal Bhutto Zardari ya shirya a Thatta.
Bayyana a Coke Studio
Parveen ta fara yin a wasanni a duniya tun daga Pakistan show Coke Studio</i> a 2010. Ta rera waƙoƙi uku: "Ramooz-e-Ishq", "Nigah-e-Darwaishaan", da "Soz-e-Ishq" a cikin jerin 1 (Dalili), 3 (Hasashe), da 5 (Ganewa), bi da bi 3. Parveen ta ce ta yaba da shirin saboda tana ba da yanayin Dargahi. Ta yi sharhi: "'Wannan aikin wanda Rohail Hyatt ya fara hakika yana da girma kuma ina so in kasance cikin sa na dogon lokaci. Waƙar da ke fitowa daga wannan aikin ta isa ga zuciya da ruhu kuma koyaushe tana yaba waƙar ta hanya ba tare da ɓoye saƙon gaskiya na kalams ba. Wannan dandamali yana ginu ne akan waɗancan sakonnin dattawan Sufi. '" An sake gayyatar ta a cikin lokaci 7 a 2014. Ta rera waka "Mein Sufi Hoon" tare da Rais Khan kuma suka yi "dost" a zaman solo. Ta kuma yi "Chaap Tilak" (Wani shahararren waka na Sufi wanda mawakin Sufi Amir Khusro ya gabatar ) a cikin kaho tare da Rahat Fateh Ali Khan. Abida shima wani bangare ne na lokacin 9. Waƙar ta farko tare da sauran masu fasaha a cikin kakar, "Ae Rah Haq K Shaheedo" an sadaukar da ita ga shahidai. Bayan wannan sai ta rera waka tare da Ali Sethi mai taken "Aaqa", a sa'ilin da ake kira "Maula-i-Kull".
karatu
Abida ta sami digiri na biyu daga Sindh sannan kuma ta koyi Urdu, Sindhi da Farsi musamman.
Aure da Iyali
A 1975, Abida ta auri Ghulam Hussain Sheikh, babban mai gabatar da shiri a Rediyon Pakistan, wanda ya yi ritaya daga aikinsa a shekarun 1980s don gudanarwa da kuma ba da jagoranci ga aikin Parveen. Bayan da ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a jirgin sama na duniya a farkon shekarun 2000, 'yarsu Maryam ta dauki wannan matsayin. Akwai wata ma'ana cewa aikin Parveen ya dauki hanyar kasuwanci mafi yawa sakamakon hakan. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu Pereha Ikram da Marium Hussain, da kuma ɗa Sarang Latif wanda darektan kiɗa ne. Dukkan yaran guda uku suna aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara. Iyalinta sun fahimci bukatarta na riyaz (wasan kwaikwayon kiɗa na yau da kullun) da kuma sararin samaniya da ake buƙata don yin wannan ɗabi'ar.
Tsarin tufafi
Parveen tana da nau'ikan suturar suttura wacce ta ƙirƙira kanta don sauƙi da ta'aziyya. Tana sanye da tsummoki mai tsayi da aka sanya ta a saman kai da mayafi. Kullum tana tare da ajrak, sindhi duppatta, wanda ta ce ta fito ne daga dargah (mausoleum) na Sufi saint Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai kuma mayafin ta cike da.
Sauran
Parveen ta ɗauki Bayyat kuma ta zama almajiri Najeeb Sultan, maigidanta na ruhaniya. Parveen ta kamu da ciwon zuciya yayin wasan kwaikwayon a Lahore a ranar 28 Nuwamba 2010. Angiography da angioplasty an yi mata. Ta sake dawo da lafiyarta jim kadan.
Fina-finai
Duk da cewa Parveen babbar mawakiya ce, amma ba ta taɓa sanya muryarta ga fina-finai ba. An yi amfani da waƙoƙin da aka riga aka yi rekodin su a cikin fina-finai, duk da haka. Yanzu ta yarda ta ba da muryarta ga fina-finai kan dagewa kan magoya bayanta da kuma Farooq Mengal. Parveen ya bayyana ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin tambayoyi da talabijin na safiya nuna saboda halayenta na kunya. Parveen ta ce ta ci gaba da samun tayin daga masu shirya fina -finai na Bollywood watau Subhash Ghai da Yash Chopra amma ta ci gaba da raguwa da su kamar yadda ta tsintar da kanta a cikin Sufism kuma lokaci ya yi da za a yada Sakon Allahntaka. Ta samu kyautuka daga wurin Shah Rukh Khan ga Ra.One kuma daraktan kiɗa ARRehman ya yi mata wasu waƙoƙi.
Yoro Lamine Ly
Yoro Lamine Ly (an haife shi ranar 27 ga watan Agustan 1988) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ya buga wa FC Shirak ta ƙarshe a gasar Premier ta Armenia.
Ƙasashen Duniya
Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 10 Mayu 2018
Madarounfa (gari)
Madarounfa  ko Madarunfa gari ne, da ke a yankin Maradi, a ƙasar Nijar. Shi ne babban birnin sashen Madarounfa. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2011, jimilar mutane 66 403 ne.
David Papys M'Bodji
David Amadou "Papys" M'Bodji (an haife shi ranar 13 ga watan Yulin 1984) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senagal mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.
Delphine Djiraibe
Delphine Djiraibe (an haife ta ranar 1 ga watan Disamba, 1960). lauya 'yar ƙasar Chadi ce kuma wadda ta kafa ƙungiyar Chadi don haɓakawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. A 2006 ta kuma kafa Cibiyar Shari'a ta Jama'a (PILC). BBC ta bayyana ta a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun lauyoyin da ke kare hakkin dan Adam a Chadi".
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Djiraibe a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1960 a Koumra, Chadi. Ta yi digiri na farko a Moundou da digiri a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Marien Ngouabi a 1989.
Fage
A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na mulkin kama-karya na Hissène Habré, Djiraibe tana karatun shari'a a Kongo Brazzaville. Bayan da Idriss Deby ya hambarar da Habre a tawaye a 1990, Djiraibe ta koma Chadi ta ga yunwa da fatara a tsakanin jama'a. Lamarin ya sa ta zama mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama kuma ta samo kungiyar Chadi don ingantawa da kare hakkin dan adam.
Aikin kare hakkin dan Adam
Aikin Djiraibe ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan kudaden shiga daga Bankin Duniya wanda ke samun tallafi daga kasar Chadi da Kamaru don bunkasa man fetur da bututun mai. Djiraibe ta bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da kudaden shiga daga bututun don tallafawa ci gaban gida maimakon sojojin Chadi, kuma aikin bututun ya kara talauta kauyukan yankinsa: "An kwashe filayensu don aikin mai.Suna samun diyya amma ba tare da shiri ba. Kudaden da suka samu an kashe su haka kuma a yanzu ba su da komai.” Djiraibe ta kuma yi ikirarin cewa kudaden shigar man fetur ya zama sanadin yakin basasar kasar na 2005-2010, inda ya kira su "la'ananne".
Marie Branser
Marie Branser (an Haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta 1992 a Leipzig ) ƴar asalin ƙasar Guinea ce kuma ta kasance haifaffiyar Jamus, wacce a da ita ma ta wakilci Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango a gasar Olympics. Ita ce ta taba samun lambar zinare a gasar Judo ta Afirka sau biyu. A cikin shekarar 2021, ta shiga gasar tseren kilo 78 na mata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan.
Delphine Djiraibe
Aikin kare hakkin dan Adam
A cewar Cibiyar Shari’a da ‘Yancin Bil Adama ta Robert F. Kennedy, yunƙurin Djiraibe ya sa gwamnatin Chadi ta fara yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan ta. Djiraibe ta ja kunnen Bankin Duniya da ya sanya takunkumi kan gwamnatin Chadi wajen kashe kudaden shigar mai. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin da Deby ya yi ta murkushe abokan hamayyarsa na siyasa, ya fara kamfen na tabbatar da Djiraibe ya fita daga Chadi. Daga karshe an ba ta izinin tafiya zuwa Paris.
Marie Branser
Jamus
Branser ta samu lambar azurfa daya da tagulla uku a gasar Judo ta kasar Jamus, amma ba ta taba wakiltar Jamus a babbar gasar kasa da kasa ba.
DR Congo
A cikin shekarar 2019, ta canza ƙasarta zuwa Kongo don ƙoƙarin cancantar shiga wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020. Har yanzu tana zaune kuma tana atisaye a Leipzig amma tana wakiltar Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo a gasar kasa da kasa.
Delphine Djiraibe
Aikin kare hakkin dan Adam
Djiraibe ta kasance mai sukar Kungiyar Hadin kan Afirka, tana mai kiranta "ba ta dace ba" kuma "kulob mai zaman kansa don abokai". Ta goyi bayan shari'ar da aka yi wa tsohon shugaban kasar Habré a shekara ta 2005, inda ta ce shari'ar ta nuna "cewa Afrika ma za ta iya taka rawa wajen yaki da 'yancin dan Adam kuma za ta iya yin yaki a kasarta."
Marie Branser
DR Congo
A cikin shekarar 2020, ta lashe lambar zinare a cikin mata 78 kg bikin a gasar Judo ta Afirka na 2020 da aka gudanar a Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Delphine Djiraibe
Kyauta
A shekarar 2004, an ba ta kyautar Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award saboda aikinta.
Marie Branser
DR Congo
A watan Mayun 2021, ta ci gaba da rike kambunta na gasar bayan ta lashe gasar mata ta kilogiram 78 a gasar Judo ta Afirka ta 2021 da aka gudanar a Dakar, Senegal.
Guinea
A cikin shekarar 2022, Branser ta yanke shawarar sauya dan kasar zuwa Guinea, saboda rashin aiki da sakaci na kungiyar Judo ta Congo tun lokacin gasar Olympics. Bayan sauya shekar, ta ci gaba da lashe gasar African Open a 2022 a Dakar a wasanta na farko zuwa Guinea.
Diana Athill
Diana Athill OBE (21 gawa ta Disamba a shekara ta1917 –) ta kasance editan wallafe-wallafen Burtaniya, marubuci kuma marubuci. An haifeta a Norfolk, Ingila. Ta yi aiki tare da wasu manyan marubutan karni na 20 a kamfanin buga littattafai na Landan Andre Deutsch Ltd. Ta yi ritaya daga Deutsch a shekarar ta 1993 tana da shekara 75, bayan ta kwashe sama da shekaru 50 tana bugawa.
An naɗa Athill a matsayin Jami'in Umarni na Masarautar Burtaniya (OBE) a cikin karramawar Sabuwar Shekarar ta 2009.
A shekarar ta 2008, ta ci lambar yabo ta Costa Book Award saboda littafin da ta rubuta mai suna Somewhere Towards The End, wani littafi ne da ya shafi tsufa.
Athill ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Janairun 2019 yana da shekara 101.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Zamanin fim ɗin Bidiyo, wanda kuma aka sani da zamanin bidiyo na gida, lokaci ne a cikin fina -finan Najeriya, yawanci daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980/farkon shekarun 1990 zuwa tsakiyar 2010, lokacin da aka yi fina -finan Najeriya ta amfani da tsarin bidiyo mai araha. Zamanin bunƙasar bidiyo ya ɓullo bayan faduwar zamanin Zinariya na fina -finan Najeriya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Kalmar " Bidiyo ta gida " ta samo asali ne daga manufar zama a gida don kallon fina -finan, sabanin fina -finan Golden Age wanda ake kallo a gidajen sinima.
Bugaje
Bugaje wani gari ne a cikin jihar Katsina.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Wannan zamanin ya kasance mafi kololuwa a cikin yawan shirye-shiryen fina-finan Najeriya. Kamar a shekara ta 2004, aƙalla ana shirya fina -finai huɗu zuwa biyar a kowace rana a Najeriya, kuma fina -finan sun riga sun mamaye fuskokin talabijin a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirka kuma ta hanyar faɗaɗawa, Karibiyan da mazauna ƙasashen waje,  tare da fina -finan suna tasiri sosai ga al'adu. a cikin ƙasashen Afirka da yawa, da 'yan fim ɗin sun zama sunaye a duk faɗin nahiyar. Har ila yau bunƙasar ta haifar da koma baya ga finafinan Najeriya a ƙasashe da yawa, waɗanda ake tsammanin suna son hana  sake dawo da Najeriya  (ko "Nigerialization of Africa"). An ba da rahoton farmakin da aka kai kan shagunan da ke sayar da fina -finan Najeriya, da Gwamnatocin da suka gabatar da matakan kariya, kamar gabatar da haraji mai tsoka ga gidajen samarwa da/ko 'yan wasan da ke son yin fim a ƙasashensu,  kazalika haramcin fina-finan Najeriya kai tsaye.
A wannan zamanin, masana'antar fim ta Najeriya ta girma ta zama babbar ma'aikata a Najeriya, tana samar da ayyuka sama da miliyan kuma tana ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 5% na GDP. A kololuwar zamanin a kusan 2008, masana'antar ta zama ta biyu mafi girma a cikin fina -finai, sakin kusan finafinan bidiyo 200 kowane wata. Sai dai a wannan lokaci, masana'antar shirya finafinai ta Najeriya ta lalace zuwa masana'antar da ba ta da ƙwarewa, tare da mamaye masu aikin da ba su da horo a harkar fim. Haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka ma ya kasance mafi ƙima, tare da gidajen samarwa suna gudana cikin asara tare da rufe sutturar su. Wannan ci gaban ya haifar da buƙatar sake fasalin masana'antar fim, tare da haihuwar Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya.
Ƙaddamarwa a cikin shekarun 1990
Fitowar kasuwar fina-finan bidiyo a Najeriya ta samo asali ne daga shekarun 1980 lokacin da shirye-shiryen talabijin suka bunƙasa. Mugun Haɗuwa da Jimi Odumosu, wani fim mai ban tsoro na 1980 wanda aka saki kai tsaye a talabijin, shi ne shiri na farko da ya zama mai nuni ga yadda yin fim mai fa'ida kai tsaye a bidiyo zai iya kasancewa. An inganta fim ɗin sosai kafin a nuna shi a talabijin, kuma a sakamakon haka, tituna sun cika da safe da kwafin bidiyo na watsa shirye -shiryen da aka yi rikodin. An ba da rahoton cewa fim ɗin ya fara yin tasiri nan take a kasuwar Alaba, gundumar kasuwanci wacce daga baya ta zama cibiyar watsa bidiyo a cikin wannan lokacin sannan kuma ta zama cibiyar cin zarafin haƙƙin mallaka a Najeriya. Tun da Tashin Hankali, ya zama ruwan dare, musamman a biranen Kudancin Najeriya don ganin kwafin bidiyon shirye-shiryen talabijin da aka yi rikodin suna ciniki akan tituna.
Wannan hanyar da masu samarwa da masu rabawa a Kasuwar Alaba ta karba da gina ta don sake farfado da harkar fim, tun da al'adar sinima ta Najeriya na fuskantar koma baya matuka. Fim na farko da aka samar a bidiyo a Najeriya shi ne Soso Meji na 1988, wanda Ade Ajiboye ya shirya. An kuma haska fim ɗin a ƴan sinimomin da ake da su a lokacin. Daga baya, Alade Aromire ya shirya Ekun (1989) a faifan bidiyo, wanda aka nuna shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa, Iganmu. Koyaya, bunƙasar da aka samu a wannan zamanin galibi ana tsammanin rayuwar Kenneth Nnebue ce ta fara zama a ɗaure (1992). Nnebue yana da kaset na faifan bidiyo da aka shigo da su daga waje wanda daga baya yayi amfani da su don ɗaukar fim ɗin sa na farko akan kyamarar Bidiyo. Kodayake Rayuwa a daure ana yawan ɗaukarsa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin "fim ɗin bidiyo na kasuwanci na farko", masana tarihi da yawa sun yi jayayya cewa masana'antar fim ɗin bidiyo ta riga ta fara bunƙasa kafin Rayuwa a ɗaure, saboda haka ba zai iya zama fim ɗin kasuwanci na farko ba. Bugu da ƙari, Nnabue, da kansa, ya kasance yana shirya fina-finan bidiyo na yaren Yarabawa kafin Rayuwa a Daure, tare da fim ɗinsa na farko shine Aje Ni Iya Mi (1989), wanda kuma yana da fa'ida sosai.
Sauran fina-finan da aka saki a farkon wannan zamanin suma sun haɗa da: Circle of Doom (1993) da Glamor Girls (1994). Mutanen fina-finan da suka fara wannan lokacin, galibi ana kiranta "ƙarni na biyu", sun haɗa da: Amaka Igwe, Alade Aromire, Zeb Ejiro, Chico Ejiro, 'Yan uwan Amata, Femi Lasode, Liz Benson, Kenneth Nnebue, Richard Mofe Damijo, Zack Orji, Pete Edochie, Sam Loco Efe, Galadima ta Amurka, Yinka Quadri, Jide Kosoko, Omotola Jalade, Genevieve Nnaji, Kenneth Okonkwo, Kanayo O. Kanayo, Bob-Manuel Udokwu, tare da wasu da suka kasance a zamanin Golden, kamar Tunde Kelani, Olu Jacobs, Joke Silva da sauran su.
A shekara ta 1993, an yi bikin Fim ɗin Ƙasa a karon farko a Najeriya, kuma takardar fitar da fim ɗin masana'antar ta yi rikodin matsakaitan fina-finan Yarbawa hamsin, fina-finan Ingilishi ashirin da biyar, fina-finan Hausa biyar, da Ibo ɗaya-fim ɗin harshe. Gwamnatin Fim ta Najeriya, Jos ce gwamnatin Najeriya ta kafa shi a watan Nuwamba 1995 don taimakawa ci gaban matasan Najeriya masu hazaka a harkar shirya fim. Kamar yadda a wannan lokacin a cikin 1995, Hukumar Censors ta Najeriya ta yi rikodin fina -finai 177, adadin wanda ya ƙara ƙaruwa zuwa 233 a 1996. Ya ragu a 1997 zuwa 214, amma a 1998 ya sake ƙaruwa zuwa 356. Adadin fina -finan da aka yi wa rajista a 1999 ya kai 389.
Boom na shekarun 2000
Adadin finafinan bidiyo na Najeriya da aka yi rajista a 2000 kusan ya ninka darajar 1999, tare da fina-finai 712. Ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin 2001 zuwa 2002, tare da 974 da 1,018 bi da bi. Daga nan ya rage sau ɗaya zuwa 761 a 2003. Adadin fina-finan bidiyo daga Najeriya ya kai kololuwa a shekarar 2005, inda adadin fina-finan da aka yi wa rajista ya kai 1,711. Tsawon shekaru, kallon fina -finan Najeriya ya bazu ko'ina cikin Afirka, kuma tare da ɗimbin masu sauraro a Turai, da Asiya.
Kamar a shekara ta 2004, ana shirya aƙalla fina-finai huɗu zuwa biyar a kowace rana a Najeriya. Fina-finan Najeriya sun riga sun mamaye allon talabijin a duk faɗin Nahiyar Afirka da ƙari, mazauna ƙasashen waje. Har ila yau, 'yan fim ɗin sun zama sunaye a duk faɗin nahiyar, kuma fina -finan sun yi tasiri sosai ga al'adu a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka; tun daga sutura zuwa magana da amfani da lafuzan Najeriya. An danganta hakan ne saboda finafinan Najeriya sun ba da labaran “masu alaƙa”, wanda ya sa fina -finan ƙasashen waje su tara turɓaya a kan ɗakunan shagunan bidiyo, duk da cewa suna da arha sosai.
Wannan bunƙasar duk da haka ta haifar da koma baya ga fina-finan Najeriya a ƙasashe da yawa; Misali, an samu rahoton shagunan sayar da fina-finan Najeriya da 'yan sanda ke kai wa hari a Ghana ; a cewarsu, "suna fafutukar kada fina -finan Najeriya su mallake su". Wasu Gwamnatoci da yawa sun kuma gabatar da matakan kariya, wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da gabatar da haraji mai tsoka ga gidajen samarwa waɗanda ke son yin fim a ƙasashensu. A watan Yulin 2010, Ghana ta fara neman dalar Amurka 1,000 daga ƴan wasan Najeriya da suka ziyarce ta da kuma dala 5,000 daga furodusoshi da daraktoci. Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ma ta yi kokarin haramta fina-finan Najeriya. Jean Rouch, wani zakaran fasaha na 'yan asalin Nijar, ya kwatanta Nollywood da cutar kanjamau. Ya bayyana cewa da alama akwai  Nijeriyanci  na Afirka, yana cikin damuwa cewa duk nahiyar ta zo don  yatsu da yatsun ta hanyar Najeriya .
A cewar ƙungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta Najeriya, kowane fim a Najeriya yana da damar kallon mutane miliyan 15 a Najeriya kuma kusan 5 miliyan a wajen Najeriya. Cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, masana’antar ta zama ta uku mafi girma a fina -finai a duniya. Duk da haka, wannan bai fassara zuwa masana'antar fina -finai ta kasuwanci ba idan aka kwatanta da sauran manyan cibiyoyin fina -finai a duk faɗin duniya; ƙimanta ƙimar masana'antar a kusan dalar Amurka 250 miliyan, tunda yawancin fina -finan da aka shirya an yi su da arha. Masana'antar fim ko da kuwa ta zama babban ma'aikaci a Najeriya. Kamar yadda a 2007, tare da jimlar adadin faifan bidiyo 6,841 da aka yi rijista da kimanin mutane 500,000 da ba su yi rijista ba, kiyasin kudaden shiga da aka samu ta hanyar tallace -tallace da hayar fina -finai a jihar Legas kadai an kiyasta ₦ 804 miliyan ($ 5 miliyan) a kowane mako, wanda ya kai kimanin ₦ 33.5 biliyan ($ 209 miliyan) kudaden shiga ga jihar Legas a kowace shekara. Kusan diski 700,000 aka sayar a kasuwar Alaba a kowace rana, tare da jimlar kudaden shiga da masana'antar fim a Najeriya ta samar da su ya kai ₦ 522. biliyan ($ 3 biliyan) kowace shekara, tare da abun cikin watsa shirye -shiryen da aka kimanta ₦ 250 biliyan ($ 1.6 biliyan).
Yanayin rashin tsari da ƙwarewa
Masana'antar fina-finan Najeriya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ɗaukar ma'aikata a Najeriya, tana samar da ayyuka sama da miliyan kuma tana ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 5% na tattalin arzikin ƙasar. A kololuwar lokacin bidiyo a kusan 2008, masana'antar ta zama ta biyu mafi girma a fina-finai, sakin kusan finafinan bidiyo 200 kowane wata. Sai dai, bayan wannan batu, masana'antar fina -finan Najeriya ta fara tabarbarewa zuwa masana'antar da ba ta da hangen nesa, tare da mamaye mutane da dama ba tare da sanin harkar fim ba.
A cewar darakta Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen, yanzu ana iya yin fim a cikin kwanaki hudu; Chico Ejiro, wanda ya jagoranci fina-finai sama da 80 a cikin shekaru 5, a koyaushe ana ba da rahoton cewa yana alfahari da cewa zai iya kammala shirya fim a cikin kwanaki uku kawai. "kowa na iya zama mai shirya fim a Nollywood na yau", ɗan fim Mahmood Ali-Balogun, ya taɓa yin tsokaci mai ɗaci.
Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa sun lura da yanayi inda suke nunawa akan saiti kuma ana rubuta rubutun yayin da suke kan saiti, kuma an harbi duk al'amuran su a rana ɗaya. Hakanan, ƴan wasan kwaikwayo sun tabbatar da yanayin al'amuran yau da kullun na dole ne su sanya tufafin kansu kuma su gyara nasu don harbin fim. An ba da rahoton cewa taurarin taurarin, galibi suna aiki akan fina-finai da yawa a lokaci guda, a sakamakon haka ba zai bayyana ba lokacin da yakamata. Sau da yawa, 'yan baranda na cikin gida suna jinkirta harbi, wadanda ke karban kudi don "kariya" kafin su ba da damar yin fim a "yankunansu". An kuma soki masana'antar a wannan zamanin saboda jigogin ta, waɗanda galibi ke hasashen maita da baƙar fata.
UNESCO, wacce a baya ta sanya masana'antar a matsayin ta biyu mafi girma a masana'antar shirya fina-finai a cikin rahotonta na 2008 game da Kasuwancin Fina-Finan Duniya, ta ƙi nuna finafinan Najeriya a cikin rahotonta na gaba, saboda ta yi la'akari da fina-finan "ƙwararrun ƙwararru/abubuwan da ba na yau da kullun ba".
Ragewa
Bayan kololuwa wajen samar da fina -finai a 2005 zuwa 2008, lambobin suna ta raguwa akai-akai. An danganta raguwar wannan yanayin yin fim saboda manyan ƙeta na haƙƙin mallaka, wanda ya hana saka hannun jari a fina -finan bidiyo. A cewar Bankin Duniya, kusan kashi 90 na faifan DVD da ke yawo a Najeriya kwafin doka ne, tare da sabbin fitowar suna jin daɗin kusan sati biyu, wanda aka fi sani da "Lokacin Mating", kafin sigar su mara lasisi ta zama mai yawa a kasuwa.
Mai shirya fina-finai Amaka Igwe ita ma ta taba furta cewa "fashin teku ya kai kashi 82 cikin ɗari na kasuwar Najeriya," matsalar da ta danganta da gazawar masu rarraba fim su fahimci manufar bukatar kasuwa da wadata ta. Leila Djansi ta kuma lura cewa masu rarrabawa a wasu lokutan a zahiri sune manyan sarakunan cin zarafi; yana ambaton yanayi inda masu rarraba ke kulle kwafin DVD na asali a cikin shagunan su kuma a maimakon haka suna sayar da kwafin marasa izini waɗanda masu rabawa suka samar don samun kuɗi da kansu, yayin da suke gaya wa masu shirya fina -finan cewa fina-finan su "ba sa siyarwa" kuma za su iya zuwa su ɗauke su. duk lokacin da suke so.
Koyaya, wannan bai iyakance ga DVD kawai ba, saboda akwai kuma ƙaruwar hanyoyin sadarwa na talabijin, waɗanda suka fara nuna fina -finan Najeriya da kansu ba tare da izini daga masu shirya fim ba. Sakamakon wannan, yawancin masu saka hannun jari na " Alaba cartel ", waɗanda ke sarrafa kusan kashi 90 cikin ɗari na masana'antar bidiyo, sun fara jigilar kuɗin su zuwa wasu ayyukan kasuwanci maimakon. An kuma dora koma-baya a wannan zamanin a kan kin amincewa da Gwamnati ta bayar da tallafi da kudade, da rashin ingantattun kayan aikin rarraba fina -finai na 'yan asalin, da kuma, ƙarin kuɗin da ake samarwa a Najeriya.
Shirye shirye
An samar da finafinan bidiyo a wannan zamanin akan mafi ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi kuma basa wucewa ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya, saboda an harbe su ta amfani da kyamarorin bidiyo masu arha ba tare da ingancin silima da ake buƙata ba, kuma an shirya su tare da injin VCR na asali. Waɗannan fina-finan galibi ana tallafa musu ne da 'Yan kasuwa waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin masu shirya finafinai; waɗannan 'yan kasuwa galibi suna da iko a kan mahimman fannoni na samarwa, kamar simintin gyare -gyare, kuma suna tabbatar da cewa an yi fim ɗin ta hanyar da suka yi imanin zai jawo hankalin masu sauraro masu dacewa don haka su dawo da saka hannun jari.
Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"
Jami'ar American University of Nigeria Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya (AUN) jami'a ce mai zaman kanta a Yola babban birnin Adamawa, Najeriya. Tana gabatar da ilimi na gaba da sakandare ta hanyar fasahar sassaucin ra'ayi irin na Amurka a matakin digiri na biyu, da matakin ƙwararru. An kafa ta a shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003. AUN, "Jami'ar Ci gaba" ta farko a Afirka, Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa (NUC) ta bada izinin kafa ta. Fannukan koyarwa na yanzu guda 93, akwai akalla ɗalibai kimanin 1,500 a matakan karatun digirin ta da digiri na biyu. a matsayinta na jami'a ta farko mai tsarin sifar koyarwa irin na Amurka a yankin Saharar Afirka Hukumar kula da jami’o’i ta ƙasa (NUC) ce ta karrama AUN.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Shirye shirye
Cikin fina-finan yawanci samar da harbi a kan wuri a duk faɗin Najeriya da hotels, gidajensu, da kuma ofisoshin sau da yawa takalman fitar da su masu da kuma bayyana a cikin credits. Mafi shahararrun wuraren yin fim shine biranen Lagos, Enugu, Abuja da Asaba. Koyaya, galibin manyan biranen Najeriya ana amfani da su don samar da bidiyo, saboda masana'antun yanki daban -daban da ke cikin ƙasar. a cikin kusan makonni biyu zuwa uku,
Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"
Tarihi
Tsohon mataimakin shugaban Najeriya kuma ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar PDP a zaɓen shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, Atiku Abubakar ne ya kafa ta a shekara ta dubu biyu da huɗu 2004, Jami'ar American University of Nigeria ta fara daukan ɗalibanta na farko a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da biyar 2005. Jami'ar tana nan a babban birnin Yola, jihar Adamawa.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Rarrabawa
Bayan kammalawa, ana fitar da hotunan bidiyo kai tsaye akan bidiyo (wanda aka sani da " Bidiyo na gida "); an kwafi su cikin kwafin kaset na bidiyo kusan 200,000 (kuma daga baya VCDs da DVD), sannan aka rarraba su zuwa kasuwanni, kulob-kulob na bidiyo da ƙarshe gidaje daban-daban. Yawancin masu ba da Tallafi suna zaune ne a cikin babbar kasuwa mai cike da rudani da ake kira Idumota a Legas, yayin da ake rarraba fina -finan sosai a Alaba, wata kasuwa a Ojo. Sauran cibiyoyin rarraba bidiyo na Gida a duk faɗin ƙasar sun haɗa da: Hanyar Iweka a Onitsha, Anambra, da Pound Road a Aba, Abia. Masu shirya bidiyon sun fitar da fina-finai cikin ƙima mai ban mamaki a cikin shekara guda kuma ana ba da sabbin taken zuwa shagunan Najeriya da rumfunan kasuwa kowane mako, inda matsakaicin bidiyon ke sayar da kwafi 50,000. Hari na iya siyar da dubu ɗari da yawa.
Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"
Tarihi
Da farko an fara sanya wa Jami'ar suna ABTI American University of Nigeria kafin daga baya aka canza zuwa AUN wanda itace jami'ar farko a yankin sahara na Afurka mai tsarin koyarwa irin na Amurka (irinta guda ɗaya ne a Afurka American University a Cairo, Egypt). AUN tana daga cikin kungiyar Global Liberal Arts Alliance. Shugaban jami'ar na yanzu shine Dr. Margee Ensign, magabatansa sune Dr. David Huwiler, Dr. Michael Smith, Dr. Margee Ensign, Dr. Dawn Dekle.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Nau'i da jigogi
Finafinai, a wannan zamanin su ne mafi yawa daga cikin romance, wasan kwaikwayo, comedy da allahntaka nau'o'i, da kuma ma ƴan ayyuka. Jigogin da aka bincika sun haɗa da: fansa, cin amana, soyayya, ƙiyayya, tsafi, siyasa da sauransu. Sau da yawa suna da jigogi waɗanda ke magance matsalolin ɗabi'a da ke fuskantar mutane na zamani. Felix Muchimba ya ce: "Labarun sun kasance a bayyane duk da cewa suna da ban mamaki kuma cike da motsin rai: matan suna kuka kuma masu son kuɗi ne masu son kuɗi; maza ma suna da tausayawa da ramuwar gayya".
Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"
Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri makarantar a matsayin jami'a da za ta mai da hankali kan lamuran ci gaba yayin ba da ilimi wanda aka ƙirƙira bisa kyawawan salon koyarwa na Amurka a darussa da ilmantarwa. Sassan makarantan na farko guda uku sune Arts & Sciences, Kasuwanci & Kasuwanci, da IT & Kwamfuta. A cikin 2007, an canza sunan cibiyar zuwa suna na yanzu na Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya (AUN). Ajin majagaba na ɗalibai 92 sun sauke karatu a shekara ta 2009. Kowane aji tun daga lokacin ya kammala karatunsa akan jadawalin.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Nau'i da jigogi
Yawancin finafinan bidiyo kuma suna da jigon allahntaka da na addini wanda ya haɗa da sihiri ( Juju ) da rikicin addini na zamani tare da addinin gargajiya. Juju wata ƙungiya ce da ake tuntubar ta don dalilai ɗaya ko wani lokacin da ake buƙata, yawanci ilimin halin ɗabi'a, an lulluɓe ta da ikon allahntaka. Wasu fina -finai suna inganta bangaskiyar Kirista ko ta Islama, wasu fina -finan kuma suna da wa'azin bishara. Wasu, duk da haka, suna magance tambayoyin bambancin addini.
Mihrab
A Mihrab ( محراب pl. محاريب  ) wani gurbi ne a bangon masallaci. Yana nuna mafuskanta (alkiblar Kaaba a Makka, alkiblar da ya kamata Musulmai su fuskanta yayin addua). Bangon da mihrab din yake a ciki shine " katangar alƙibla ."
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Nau'i da jigogi
Sauran jigogin da aka saba nunawa a cikin waɗannan fina-finan sun haɗa da: fashi da makami, wasan al'ada, hamayya, rikice -rikice, cin zarafin jima'i, aikata laifuka, karuwanci, kisan kai, haɗama, son rai, rashin haƙuri, kishi, hassada, girman kai, girman kai, kafirci, ha'inci, sihiri, tsakanin wasu. Labarun da ke cikin waɗannan fina-finan an “sake faɗo su daga cikin hanjin al’ummar Najeriya, [a matsayin] adadi mai yawa yana fitowa daga tsarin imaninmu da halinmu na danganta yawancin abubuwa zuwa ga, ba sa’a ko wani laifin namu ba amma mugayen dabarun mugayen mutane. Wasu da yawa suna mai da hankali kan samun wadatattun makirce -makircen mutane a yau da mugayen abokan aikin sa. Duk da haka wasu suna nuna kyakkyawar rayuwar talakawan Najeriya, soyayyarsu da soyayyarsu da abin takaici da raɗaɗinsu ".
Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"
Tarihi
A shekarar 2008, Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta kasa (NUC) ta amince da shirye-shiryen AUN kuma ta sake tabbatar da hakan a shekarar 2013. A cikin shekara ta 2012, AUN ta ƙaddamar da shirin matakin karatun digiri na gaba, babban digiri na biyu a Fasahar Sadarwa. Tun daga nan, ƙarin shirye-shirye har zuwa Ph.D. Hukumar NUC ta amince da matakin.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Masu suka
Yayin da wasu ke yaba wa wannan zamani na fina-finan Najeriya don kafa masana'antar fina -finan Najeriya a matsayin masana'antar da za ta iya ci gaba, wasu kuma sun bayyana shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi munin abubuwan da suka taba faruwa a masana'antar shirya fina-finan Najeriya, saboda zamani ne lokacin da gabaɗayan rashin hangen nesa, ƙa'idodi da ƙwarewa tsakanin masu aikin,  yawancinsu basu da horo na yau da kullun a harkar fim.
Fred Baron
Fred Baron (an haife shi a shekara ta 1901) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"
Tarihi
A shekara ta 2014 ne, aka buɗe ɗakin karatu na Robert A. Fasto da Cibiyar Koyon e-Learning.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Masu suka
Ofaya daga cikin manyan sukar da masana'antar fina -finan Najeriya ta samu a wannan zamanin shine mummunan hoto na sihirin sihiri da sihiri, ta haka yana ba wa wasu mutane raunin ra'ayi game da Najeriya da ma Afirka. Sau da yawa masu sukar al'adu sun koka game da "al'amuran macabre cike da sihiri" a cikin fina -finan. Jean Rouch, wani ɗan fasaha daga Nijar ya bayyana daraktoci da furodusan Najeriya a matsayin firistocin voodoo waɗanda ke yin mugun aiki a kan masu sauraro a wasu ƙasashe, kuma suna samun ƙarin masu sauraro a sakamakon.
Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"
Wuri
AUN tana Yola babban birnin jihar Adamawa. Harabar AUN ta mamaye yankin ciyayi tsaftata na savannah wanda galibi ana amfani da su azaman filin noma.
Zamanin fim na Bidiyo a Najeriya
Masu suka
An kuma soki masana’antar don inganta rashin bin doka da kuma riko da alfasha; wasu hotuna na gani da aka nuna a fina-finan da aka ƙiyasta 18 sun haɗa da: ayyukan jima'i, tsiraici, batsa, munanan kalmomi (la'ana), suturar da ba ta dace ba, kisan kai, fyaɗe, tashin hankalin gida (musamman akan mata), shan taba, cin zarafi da cin zarafi. An yi jayayya cewa waɗannan suna cutar da matasa da sauran al'umma.
Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"
Harabar Makaranta
Babban harabar ya ƙunshi gine-gine 17 da suka haɗa da Zauren zama guda tara, ɗakin cin abinci mai faɗi, babban zauren farawa mai ɗaukar nauyi 3,500 wanda kuma ke aiki azaman wasan ƙwallon kwando na cikin gida da filin wasan ƙwallon raga, Cibiyar ɗalibai na sadaukarwa, ginin gudanarwa mai taken muhalli, Makarantar Arts & Kimiyyar gini, da ginin Peter Okocha wanda ke dauke da Makarantar Koyon Shari'a da kuma dakin karatu. Wani sabon gini mai girma na Sashin karatun Shari'a tare da dakin taro mai kujeru 100 yana buɗewa a cikin 2022. Robert A. Fasto Library da E-Learning Center, wanda ya ci nasarar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Ƙasashen Duniya na 2013, ya ƙunshi ɓangaren ɗakin karatu tare da fiye da 250,000 na dijital, dakunan karatu, ɗakunan karatu, yankunan karatu, Cibiyar Rubutu, azuzuwa don shirin Sabon Gidauniya, Sashen Ba da Shawarwari da Cibiyar Koyarwar Jama'a. Cibiyar Arewa, wacce a da ta kasance wurin wucin gadi, tana kan titin babban harabar.
Rayuwar dalibai
Sabbin dalibai suna fara ayyukan al'umma daga farkon semester a lokacin Freshmen Orientation. A cikin shekaru hudun su, ana ƙarfafawa ɗalibai su ba da kansu da himma a cikin kowane ayyuka na yau da kullun, na yau da kullun da Ofishin ke shirya kusan kowace rana na mako. Dalibai suna aiki tare da mutane da ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma, gami da makarantu, dakunan shan magani, ƙungiyoyin al'umma, da ƙaramar hukuma.
Karatu
Jami'ar ta ƙunshi makarantu shida, waɗanda ke ba da manyan digiri na farko da tsarin digiri:
Gini
Harabar AUN na da fadin hekta 2,400. Gida ce ga kusan ɗalibai 1,400 da membobin malamai 87. Aikin wurin bita na zamani a jami'a ya karɓi nassi daga American Library Association na Ƙasashen Duniya a 2013.
Shugabanci
Kwamitin Amintattu na AUN ya kunshi dan kasar Amurka daya, Farfesa Tulane a fannin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama’a, Dokta William Ellis Bertrand, da fitattun ‘yan Najeriya 12, tare da Sanata Ben Obi a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Makaranta. Membobin BoT na AUN sun fito ne daga bangarori daban-daban a fannin ilimi, masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. Shugaba/Mataimakin Shugaban AUN shine Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa. Majalisar Zartarwa ta Shugaban kasa (PEC) ita ce babbar ƙungiyar gudanarwa kuma tana da a matsayinta na Provost/VP for Academic Affairs, shugabanin Makarantu shida, Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa na Gudanarwa / Magatakarda, Kuɗi, da Harkokin Student / Rayuwa; da shugabannin Tsaro, Gudanar da Shiga, Tallafin Fasaha, Tsare-tsare na Jiki, Talla & Sadarwa, da Abubuwan Jami'o'i. Majalisar dattijai ce ke da alhakin kula da harkokin ilimi da kuma kula da manhajoji yayin da taron wanda ya kunshi dukkan ma’aikatan da ke da mafi karancin digiri na farko, ta kan hadu a kalla sau daya a kowane zangon karatu domin karbar rahoton ci gaban da jami’ar ta samu daga shugaban kasa.
Adaba FM
Adaba FM (88.9 MHz) gidan rediyo ne da ke Ilara-Mokin a karamar hukumar Ifedore a jihar Ondo, Najeriya.
Muhammad Inuwa Wushishi
Laftana janar (mai ritaya) Muhammad Inuwa Wushishi CFR GCON,an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 1940, Ya Mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2021) ya kasance Chief of Army Staff (COAS), Najeriya daga watan October shekarar  1981 zuwa watan Oktoba shekara ta 1983 lokacin Jamhoriyar Najeriya ta Biyu.
Mayahi (gari)
Mayahi gari ne, da ke a yankin Maradi, a ƙasar Nijar. Shi ne babban birnin sashen Mayahi. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2011, jimilar mutane 94 160 ne.
Frederick Banks
Frederick Banks (an haife shi a shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da tamanin da takwas 1888A.C - ya mutu a shekara ta 1957) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Masallacin Al Abbas
Al-Abbās Masallaci ko Masjid al-Abbās ( مسجد الامام العباس  ) shine ƙabarin 'Abbas ibn' Alī. Ya tsallaka ne daga Masallacin Imām Husayn da ke Karbalā, Iraq.
Baruten
Baruten karamar hukuma ce, dake a Jihar Kwara, Nijeriya.
Salou Djibo
Laftanar Janar Salou Djibo (an haifeshi ranar 15 ga Afurilu, 1965 ) sojan Jamhuriyar Nijar ne. Djibo ya kuma karbe ragamar mulkin kasar Nijar ne daga hannun Mamadou Tandja sakamakon wani shiryayyen juyin mulki da aka shirya a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2010. Gwamnatin soja ta karkashin jagoran Djibo ta maida mulki ga fararen hula bayan zaben da aka gudanar a kasar shekarar 2011.
Gareth Barry
Gareth Barry (an haife shi a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da daya 1981A.c) Miladiyya.shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Salou Djibo
Tashin sa da rayuwar iyalai
Anhaifi Salou Djibo a kauyen Namaro a 1965. Dan kabilar Zarma ne. Djibo nada aure da yaya biyar.
Aikin Soja
A shekarar 1995, Djibo ya shiga tirenin na aikin soja a garin Bouaké, kasar Côte d'Ivoire kafin ya zama ofisa a 1996. Ya zama Laftanar na biyi a 1997 kuma ya kara samun karin girma zuwa Kaftin a shekarar 2003 He was commissioned da kuma mukamin Mejo a 2006. Djibo has also received training in Morocco and China.
Pategi
Pategi karamar hukuma ce, dake a Jihar Kwara, Nijeriya.
Salou Djibo
Aikin Soja
Djibo yayi aiki da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda yayi aikin gudanar da zaman lafiya a kasar Kwaddibuwa shekarar 2004. Kwango 2006.
Juyin mulki na 2010
Jim kadan bayan ya karbe ragamar Jamhuriyar Nijar, gwamnatin sa tayi alkawarin damka mulki ga fararen hula tare da fatan kafa gangariyar demokaradiya.
Ritaya
Djibo yayi ritaya daga aikin soja jim kadan bayan mika mulkin sa.
Malawi laban
Fam shine kudin Malawi har zuwa 1971. Daga 1932, Malawi (wanda aka sani da Nyasaland ) ta yi amfani da fam na Kudancin Rhodesian. A cikin 1955, an ƙaddamar da sabon kuɗi, Rhodesia da Nyasaland fam. An maye gurbin wannan da fam na Malawi a 1964, bayan Malawi ta sami 'yancin kai. An raba fam din zuwa shillings 20 kowanne daga cikin pence 12. An maye gurbin fam ɗin da kwacha na decimal a cikin 1971, akan ƙimar 2 kwacha = 1 fam.
Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1964, an ba da tsabar kudi a cikin jan karfe-nickel kuma a cikin ƙungiyoyin 6d, 1/-, 2/– da 2/6. Duk sun ɗauki hoton Hastings Banda. An gabatar da tsabar kudi na 1d a cikin 1967. 1d yana da gefen santsi yayin da duk sauran tsabar kudi sun katse milling 4 × 4.
Takardun kuɗi
A ranar 6 ga Yuli 1964, Nyasaland ta sami 'yancin kai daga Biritaniya kuma an sake masa suna Malawi. Shekaru biyu, Elizabeth II, ta kasance shugabar kasa a matsayin Sarauniyar Malawi. Bayan zama jamhuriya a shekara ta 1966, Malaŵi ya zama kasa mai jam'iyya daya a karkashin shugabancin Hastings Kamuzu Banda, wanda ya kasance shugaban kasa har zuwa 1994, lokacin da aka hambarar da shi daga mulki. Hoton nasa ya bayyana a gaban dukkan bayanan da aka fitar a cikin shekaru talatin da ya yi yana mulki, tare da al'amuran baya da ke jaddada muhimmancin noma ga tattalin arzikin Malawi. Bayanan kula a lokacin shugabancinsa kuma suna ɗauke da alamun ruwa (da kuma na'urorin rajista na baya) na zakara, alamar Jam'iyyar Banda ta Malawi Congress Party. Jeri na farko na bayanin kula mai kwanan wata 1964 kuma Bankin Reserve na Malawi ya fitar ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin 5/-, 10/-, £1 da £5.
Aly Male
Aly Male (an haife shi ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamban 1970) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal. Ya buga wasanni 30 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal daga 1992 zuwa 1997. An kuma sanya sunan shi a cikin ƴan wasan Senegal da za su taka leda a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika a 1992.
King Nadolo
King Munyaradzi Nadolo (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba 1995) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a kulob ɗin Dynamos FC da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Zimbabwe.
Kulob
Nadolo ya fara babban aiki da kulob ɗin Highlanders FC a kasarsa ta Zimbabwe, inda ya shiga babban kungiyar a shekarar 2014. A shekara ta 2016, Nadolo ya jawo hankali daga kasashen waje, yana fuskantar a Afirka ta Kudu.
A cikin watan Fabrairu 2020, Nadolo ya koma kulob ɗin Dynamos Harare.
Ƙasashen Duniya
Nadolo ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 2016, inda ya zo a minti na 76 da Charlton Mashumba ya maye gurbin Charlton Mashumba a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da Madagascar a gasar COSAFA 2016. An sanya sunan shi a cikin 'yan wasan Zimbabwe don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2020, ya buga dukkan wasannin rukuni uku yayin da Zimbabwe ta fice a matakin rukuni.
Edu (Nijeriya)
Edu Karamar Hukuma ce, dake a Jihar Kwara, Nijeriya.