cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Abdullah II dan Kanem
Abdullahi II Kaday ya kasance dan uwan Ibrahim Nikale ne, ya gaji Nikale ne bayan Nikale ya rasa madafun iko a gwagwarmayar sa da yakeyi dan neman ma Yerima shugaban arewa. Shi ne kuma sarkinda ya dawo da gadon sarauta ta hanyar gadon uba, wanda akeyi tin a baya ga Sarakuna n Sefuwa.
Albani Zaria
Farkon rayuwa da Ilimi
Albani ya samo asali ne daga jahar Kano a Arewacin Najeriya amma an haife shi ne a Muchia Sabon Gari, Zariya. Ya yi karatun farko a yankin kafin ya koma Kwalejin Barewa. Ya yi karatun Mass Communication a Jami’ar Bayero, Kano. Ya samu digiri a fannin Fasahar Sadarwa daga Jami’ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola, a Jihar Adamawa. Kafin rasuwarsa, yanada Digiri na biyu wato M.Sc a fannin injiniyarin din lantarki da injiniyarin din kayan wuta a ABU Zariya. Wannan baya ga babban karatunsa a cikin Sanin Addinin Musulunci musamman Hadisi, bayan da ya kwashe shekaru da yawa yana nazarin ɗaruruwan littafan hadisi kuma yana koyarwa. Babban iliminsa da kuma ikonsa a Arewacin Najeriya ya sa ya karɓi suna na 'Albani', an samo sunan ne daga shahararran malamin Hadisi Wato Muhammad Nasuriddin Albani. Dalibansa, wadanda yawancinsu a yanzun malamai ne masu karantarwa, sun bazu a duk fadin ƙasar, musamman ma a jihohin Arewa musamman a jihohin Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Plateau, Bauchi da sauran Arewa da Kudancin Najeriya har ma da wasu kasashen Yammacin Afirka
Mutuwa
Ƴan bindigar sun harbe Sheikh Muhamman Auwal Albani Zariya tare da ɗaya daga cikin matansa a cikin garin Zariya a kan hanyarsu ta dawowa gida bayan sun halarci karatun Tafsirin yamma da suka saba zuwa a cikin garin. Matarsa ta mutu a daidai lokacin da aka harbe ta, a yayin da shi kuma aka garzaya da Sheikh zuwa asibitin St. Luka da ke yankin wusasa a Zariya inda aka ce ya mutu. Jagoran Boko Haram mai suna Abubakar Shekau, ya dauki alhakin kashe Sheikh Albani.
Helen Oyeyemi
Helen Oyeyemi FRSL (an haifeta ranar 10 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1984) marubuciya ƴar Burtaniya ce kuma marubuciyar gajerun labarai.
Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Oyeyemi a Najeriya kuma ta girma a Lewisham, South London  tun tana da shekaru hudu. Oyeyemi ta rubuta littafinta na farko, Yarinyar Icarus, yayin da take karatun matakin A-matakinta  a Cardinal Vaugha Memorial School. Ta halarci Kwalejin Corpus Christi, Cambridge. Tun 2014 gidanta yana Prague.
Erica Ogwumike
Erica Erinma Ogwumike (an haife ta a ranar ga watan Satumba 26, 1997) 'yar wasan ƙwallon kwando ne 'yar ƙasar Amurka. Ta buga wasan kwando na kwaleji a Rice Owls.
Hukumar kare hakkin ɗan Adam
Kalmar tana iya komawa ga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, na ƙasa ko na ƙasa da aka kafa don wannan dalili, kamar cibiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam na ƙasa ko (yawanci na wucin gadi) kwamitocin gaskiya da sulhu.
Erica Ogwumike
A watan Yulin 2020, ta bayyana shawararta ta buga wa tawagar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Najeriya a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo. Baya ga wasannin motsa jiki, Ogwumike ita ma kwararriyar likita ce kuma a halin yanzu tana makarantar likitanci.
High school Career/aikin makaranta
Ogwumike ta buga wasan kwallon kwando na Sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Cypress Woods, tana rike da tarihin mafi yawan maki a makarantar sakandare ta Cypress Woods yayin da ta ci maki 2,227 na aiki, 1,141 rebounds da 440 sata; a duk wasanni 143 da ta buga a makarantar.
Hukumar kare hakkin ɗan Adam
Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa
An kafa kwamitocin kare hakkin dan Adam na kasa da na kasa a kasashe da dama domin ingantawa da kare hakkin ‘yan kasarsu, kuma galibin kwamitocin kungiyoyin jama’a ne amma suna da ‘yancin kai daga jihar. A wasu ƙasashe jami'in tsaro yana yin wannan rawar. Kwamitocin da ke kasa jihar ce ta dauki nauyinsu sai dai inda aka nuna.
Erica Ogwumike
College Career/Aikin koleji
Ogwumike ta fara aikinta na kwaleji ne da kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Pepperdine Waves inda ta samu maki 18.4 da maki 7.5 da kuma taimakawa 2.3 a kowane wasa a kakar wasa ta farko. Ta koma Jami'ar Rice a 2016, inda ba za ta iya buga kakar 2016-17 ba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta Rice Owls saboda dokokin canja wuri. A kakar wasan ta na biyu a cikin shekarar 2017, ta sami matsakaicin maki 17.9, sake dawowa 9.3 da taimako 1.9 a kowane wasa. A cikin ƙaramin shekarunta, ta sami matsakaicin maki 16.5, sake dawowa 10.5 da taimako 2.7. Ta buga babbar shekararta a matsayin ɗalibar da ta kammala digiri, ta sami maki 19, ta sake komawa 10.3 da taimako 2.7.
Dawud dan Kanem
Dawud ya kasance Yan kishiya suke shida Kanem sarki Idris a ƙarni na 14 a Kanem Borno. Bayan mutuwar Idris, gwagwarmayar neman kanbun sarauta n ta fara. An zabi Dawud a matsayin Mai a kan abokan hamayyarsa, wato 'ya'yan Idris kenan. Wannan ya sa yaran sun nuna rashin jin daɗi su da kuma adawarsu, saboda hakan nema suka yi ikirarin yaƙi da Dawud da magoya bayansa; wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikicen a tsakanin Idrisus da Daouds tsawon ƙarni. An yi imanin cewa rikicin nema ya raunana daular Sefuwa kuma ya sa daular tayi rauni daga duk wasu hare-hare da ake kawowa daga waje.
Erica Ogwumike
Sana'a/aiki
A ranar 17 ga watan Afrilun, 2020, New York Liberty ta zaɓi Ogwumike a matsayin zaɓi na 26 a cikin 2020 WNBA Draft. An sayar da ita ga Minnesota Lynx daga baya a wannan dare. Minnesota Lynx ta yi watsi da ita tare da Linnae Harper kwanaki bayan daftarin.
Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Ogwumike a Cypress, Texas. Tana da ’yan’uwa mata uku waɗanda su ma suna buga ƙwallon kwando- Nneka da Chiney na Los Angeles Sparks, da Olivia na Jami’ar Rice Owls.
Muhammad Ali Luqman
Muhammad Ali Luqman (6 Nuwamba Nuwamba 1898 – 24 Maris 1966), ya kasan ce wani lauya ne dan Yemen, marubuci, kuma ɗan jarida. Ya kafa Faṫāṫ Al-Jazirah ( فَـتَـاة الْـجَـزِيْـرَة  ), jaridar farko mai zaman kanta a Yemen.
Musulunci Alkahira
Tushen Fustat da farkon zamanin Musulunci
Tarihin Alkahira ya fara ne, a ha}i}a, da mamaye Masar da Larabawa Musulmi suka yi a shekara ta 640, a qarqashin kwamanda Amr ibn al-As. Ko da yake Iskandariya ita ce babban birnin Masar a wancan lokacin (kuma ya kasance a tsawon zamanin Ptolemaic, Roman, da Byzantine), Larabawa masu cin nasara sun yanke shawarar kafa sabon birni mai suna Fustat don zama babban birnin gudanarwa da cibiyar sojojin Masar. Sabon birnin yana kusa da wani kagara na Roman-Byzantine wanda aka sani da Babila a bakin kogin Nilu (yanzu yana cikin Tsohon Alkahira), kudu maso yamma na daga baya na Alkahira daidai (duba ƙasa). Zaɓin wannan wurin yana iya kasancewa saboda dalilai da yawa, ciki har da ɗan kusancin kusancinsa da Larabawa da Makka, tsoron ƙarfin tasirin Kiristanci da Hellenistic a Alexandria, da raunin Alexandria ga hare-haren Byzantine da suka isa ta teku (wanda ya faru da gaske). Wataƙila ma mafi mahimmanci, wurin da Fustat ya kasance a mahadar Masar ta ƙasa (Nilu Delta) da Masarautar Masar (Kogin Nilu da ke gaba da kudu) ya sa ya zama wuri mai mahimmanci daga inda za a iya sarrafa ƙasar da ke kan kogin Nilu, da yawa. kamar yadda tsohon birnin Memphis na Masar (wanda ke kudu da Alkahira a yau) ya yi. (Tsarin kafa sababbin garuruwan da ke cikin kasa shi ma ya kasance wanda aka yi ta maimaita shi a duk tsawon lokacin da Larabawa suka mamaye, tare da wasu misalan irin su Qayrawan a Tunisiya ko Kufa a Iraki). masallacin farko, Masallacin Amr bn al-As, wanda aka yi ta sake gina shi tsawon shekaru aru-aru amma har yanzu yana nan.
Fustat ya girma cikin sauri ya zama babban birni, tashar jiragen ruwa, da cibiyar tattalin arzikin Masar, tare da Alexandria ya zama birni mafi girma na lardi. A shekara ta 661 ne duniyar musulmi ta shiga karkashin ikon Umayyawa, babban birninsu na Damascus, har zuwa lokacin da Abbasiyawa suka yi musu juyin mulki a shekara ta 750. Halifan Ummayya na karshe, Marwan na biyu, ya yi zamansa na karshe a Masar amma an kashe shi a ranar 1 ga Agusta. 750. Bayan haka Masar, da Fustat, suka wuce karkashin ikon Abbasiyawa. Abbasiyawa sun yi bikin sabuwar mulkinsu a Masar ne ta hanyar kafa sabuwar hedkwatar gudanarwa mai suna al-Askar, a arewa maso gabashin Fustat, karkashin jagorancin gwamnansu Abu Aun. An kammala ginin birnin da harsashin ginin wani katafaren masallaci (wanda ake kira Jami' al-Askar) a shekara ta 786, kuma ya hada da fadar gidan gwamna mai suna Dar al-Imara. Babu wani abu na wannan birni da ya rage a yau, amma kafuwar sabbin manyan biranen mulki da ke wajen babban birnin ya zama abin da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a tarihin yankin. Ahmad Ibn Tulun kwamandan sojojin Turkiyya ne wanda ya taba yiwa halifofin Abbasiyawa hidima a Samarra a lokacin da aka dade ana rikicin mulkin Abbasiyawa. Ya zama gwamnan Masar a shekara ta 868 amma cikin sauri ya zama shugabanta mai cin gashin kansa, yayin da yake amincewa da ikon halifan Abbasiyawa. Ya yi tasiri sosai har daga baya halifan ya ba shi damar shi ma ya mallaki Sham a shekara ta 878. A wannan lokaci na mulkin Tulunid (a karkashin Ibn Tulun da 'ya'yansa), Masar ta zama kasa mai cin gashin kanta a karon farko tun lokacin da aka kafa mulkin Rum a shekara ta 30 BC. Ibn Tulun ya kafa sabon babban birnin mulki a shekara ta 870, wanda ake kira al-Qata'i, arewa maso yammacin al-Askar. Ya hada da wani sabon katafaren fada (har yanzu ana kiransa Dar al-'Imara), filin fareti na hippodrome ko na soja, da abubuwan more rayuwa kamar asibiti (bimaristan), da wani babban masallaci da ya wanzu har yau, wanda aka fi sani da Masallacin Ibn Tulun. wanda aka gina a tsakanin 876 da 879. Ibn Tulun ya rasu a shekara ta 884 kuma ‘ya’yansa maza sun yi mulki na wasu ‘yan shekarun da suka gabata har zuwa 905 lokacin da Abbasiyawa suka aike da runduna don sake kafa ikon kai tsaye suka kona al-Qata’i a kasa, suka bar masallacin kawai. Bayan haka, Masar ta sami wani ɗan lokaci a wata daular Ikhshidid, waɗanda suka yi mulkin Abbasiyawa a tsakanin 935 zuwa 969. Wasu daga cikin gine-ginen da suka yi, musamman a ƙarƙashin Abu al-Misk Kafur, baƙar fata eunuch (asali daga Habasha) wanda ya yi mulki a matsayin. Mai mulki a cikin wannan lokaci na ƙarshe, mai yiwuwa ya yi tasiri ga zaɓin wurin da Fatimidawa za su kasance a nan gaba don babban birninsu, tun da ɗaya daga cikin manyan lambuna na Kafur da ke gefen magudanar ruwa na Khalij an shigar da shi cikin manyan fadojin Fatimid na baya.
Kafuwar al-Qahira (Alkahira) da zamanin Fatimid
Fatimidiyyawa, khalifancin Shi’a Isma’ili da ke garin Ifrikiya (Tunisiya) sun mamaye Masar a shekara ta 969 Miladiyya a zamanin Halifa al-Mu’izz. Sojojin nasu, wadanda akasarinsu na Kutama Berbers ne na Arewacin Afirka, karkashin jagorancin Janar Jawhar al-Siqilli. A cikin 970, ƙarƙashin umarnin al-Mu'izz, Jawhar ya tsara, kafa, da kuma gina sabon birni don zama mazaunin da cibiyar iko ga Khalifofin Fatimid. Sunan garin al-Mu'izziyya al-Qaahirah, "Birnin Al-Mu'izz Mai Nasara", daga baya aka kira shi "al-Qahira", wanda ya sanya mana sunan Alkahira na zamani. Birnin yana arewa maso gabashin Fustat kuma na manyan biranen gudanarwa da Ibn Tulun da Abbasiyawa suka gina a baya. Jawhar ya shirya sabon birnin ta yadda a tsakiyarsa akwai Manyan Fadaje da ke dauke da halifofi, da iyalansu, da cibiyoyin gwamnati. An kammala manyan fadoji guda biyu: na gabas (mafi girma daga cikin biyun) da na yamma, a tsakaninsa akwai wani muhimmin fili mai suna Bayn al-Qasrayn ("Tsakanin Fadaje Biyu"). Babban masallacin birnin, Masallacin Al-Azhar, an kafa shi ne a shekara ta 972 a matsayin masallacin Juma'a da kuma cibiyar koyo da koyarwa, kuma a yau yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin jami'o'i a duniya. Babban titin birnin, wanda aka fi sani da titin Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah a yau (ko titin al-Mu'zz) amma a tarihi ana kiransa Qasabah ko Qasaba, ya fito ne daga daya daga cikin kofofin birnin na arewa (Bab al-Futuh). ) zuwa kofar kudu (Bab Zuweila) sannan ta wuce tsakanin manyan fada ta Bayn al-Qasrayn. A karkashin Fatimids kuwa, Alkahira birni ne na sarauta wanda ke rufe ga jama'a kuma dangin Halifa kawai, jami'an gwamnati, rundunonin sojoji da sauran mutanen da suka dace da ayyukan gwamnati da birninsa. Fustat ya kasance na ɗan lokaci babban cibiyar tattalin arziki da birni na Masar. Daga baya ne Alkahira ta girma ta mamaye sauran garuruwan cikin gida, ciki har da Fustat, amma a wasu lokuta ana ɗaukar shekarar 969 a matsayin "shekara ta kafa" na birni na yanzu.
Al-Mu'izz tare da shi da na'urorin gudanarwa na Halifanci Fatimid, ya bar tsohon babban birninsa na Mahdia, Tunisia, a shekara ta 972, ya isa birnin Alkahira a watan Yunin 973. Daular Fatimid da sauri ta samu karfin da zai iya tsayawa a matsayin barazana ga gwamnatin kasar. kishiyantar Halifancin Sunna Abbasid. A zamanin Halifa al-Mustansir (1036-1094), wanda shi ne mafi dadewa a duk wani shugaba na musulmi, daular Fatimid ta kai kololuwarta amma kuma ta fara durkushewa. Wasu ’yan bangar masu karfi, wadanda suka yi aiki a madadin halifofi, sun yi nasarar farfado da ikon daular a wasu lokuta. Badar al-Jamali ɗan ƙasar Armeniya (yana kan mulki daga 1073-1094) musamman ya sake gina katangar Alkahira a cikin dutse, tare da ƙofofi masu ban mamaki, waɗanda ragowarsu har yanzu suna nan kuma an faɗaɗa su a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ayyubid daga baya. Karshen karni na 11 kuma lokaci ne na manyan al'amura da ci gaba a yankin. A wannan lokaci ne daular Seljuk (Turkiyya) mai girma ta mamaye mafi yawan kasashen musulmi na gabacin duniya. Zuwan Turkawa wadanda galibinsu mabiya Sunna ne, ya kasance wani dogon lokaci a cikin abin da ake kira "Revival Sunni" wanda ya kawo koma baya ga ci gaban Fatimidawa da na Shi'a a Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin 1099 Crusade na farko ya kame Kudus, kuma sabbin jihohin 'yan Salibiyya sun zama babbar barazana ga Masar. Sabbin sarakunan musulmi irin su Nur al-Din na daular Zengid ta Turkiyya ne suka dauki nauyin kai farmakin gaba daya kan 'yan Salibiyya.
A karni na 12 raunin Fatimidawa ya yi tsanani ta yadda a karkashin Halifa Fatmid na karshe, al-'Adid, sun nemi taimako daga Zengids don kare kansu daga Sarkin Kudus, Amalric, a lokaci guda kuma suna kokarin yin hadaka da su. na karshen don kiyaye Zengids a cikin rajistan. A shekara ta 1168, yayin da 'yan Salibiyya suka yi tattaki a birnin Alkahira, Fatimid waziri Shawar, ya damu cewa za a yi amfani da birnin Fustat mara tsaro a matsayin sansanin da za a yi wa Alkahira kawanya, ya ba da umarnin a kwashe shi sannan kuma ya cinnawa birnin wuta. Yayin da masana tarihi ke yin muhawara game da girman barnar (kamar yadda Fustat ya bayyana ya ci gaba da wanzuwa bayan wannan), kona Fustat duk da haka yana nuna wani muhimmin lokaci a cikin durkushewar wannan birni, wanda daga baya Alkahira da kanta ta rufe shi. Daga karshe Salah ad-Din (Saladin), kwamandan Zengid wanda aka baiwa mukamin wazirin Al-Adid a birnin Alkahira, ya shelanta kawo karshen da ruguza daular Fatimidiyya a shekara ta 1171. Ta haka ne Alkahira ta koma karkashin mulkin ‘yan Sunna, da kuma sabon babi. a cikin tarihin Masar, da na tarihin birnin Alkahira, ya buɗe.
Hawan Alkahira a zamanin Ayyubid da Mamluk
Mulkin Salahad-Din shi ne farkon daular Ayyubid, wadda ta yi mulkin Masar da Sham, kuma ta ci gaba da yakar 'yan Salibiyya. Har ila yau, ya fara gina wani babban katafaren katafaren katafaren katafaren katafaren gini (Babban Katafaren Alkahira na yanzu) a kudu, wajen birnin mai katanga, wanda zai zaunar da sarakunan Masar da gwamnatin jihar shekaru aru-aru bayan haka. Wannan ya kawo karshen matsayin Alkahira a matsayin babban birni na fada kuma ya fara wani tsari wanda birnin ya zama cibiyar tattalin arziki wanda Masarawa na kowa ke zaune kuma bude ga matafiya na kasashen waje. A cikin ƙarnin da suka biyo baya, Alkahira ta haɓaka zuwa cikakkiyar cibiyar birni. Rushewar Fustat a tsawon lokaci guda ya share hanyar hawansa. Sarakunan Ayyubid da sarakunan Mamluk da suka biyo bayansu, waxanda suke musulmi ‘yan Sunna ne masu kwadayin kawar da tasirin Fatimidin Shi’a, suka ci gaba da ruguzawa tare da maye gurbin manyan fadojin Fatimid da nasu gine-gine. Masallacin Al-Azhar ya koma cibiyar Sunna, kuma a yau shi ne cibiyar nazarin kur'ani da shari'ar Musulunci a duniyar Musulunci ta Sunna.
A shekara ta 1250 daular Ayyubid ta lalace kuma mulki ya koma mulkin da Mamluk ke sarrafawa. Mamluks sojoji ne da aka saya a matsayin matasa bayi (sau da yawa daga yankuna daban-daban na Eurasia ta Tsakiya) kuma aka tashi zuwa aikin sojan sarki. Sun zama jigo a cikin sojojin Ayyubid a karkashin Sultan al-Salih kuma daga karshe sun zama masu karfin da za su yi wa kansu mulkin kasar a rikicin siyasa a lokacin yakin Salibiyya na bakwai. Tsakanin 1250 zuwa 1517, sarautar ta wuce daga wannan mamluk zuwa wani a cikin tsarin maye wanda gabaɗaya ba gado bane, amma kuma akai-akai tashin hankali da hargitsi. Duk da haka, daular Mamluk ta ci gaba da abubuwa da yawa na daular Ayyubid a gabanta, kuma ita ce ke da alhakin tunkude ci gaban Mongols a shekara ta 1260 (wanda ya fi shahara a yakin Ain Jalut) da kuma kawo karshen karshen yakin 'yan Salibiyya a cikin Levant.
Karkashin mulkin Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad (1293-1341, gami da masu mulki), Alkahira ta kai ga gaci ta fuskar yawan jama'a da dukiya. Wani kiyasi da aka saba ambato na yawan jama'a a karshen mulkinsa, ko da yake yana da wuyar tantancewa, ya ba da adadi kusan 500,000, wanda ya sa Alkahira ta zama birni mafi girma a duniya bayan China a lokacin. Duk da kasancewarsu gungun sojoji, Mamluk sun kasance ƙwararrun magina kuma masu ɗaukar nauyin gine-gine na addini da na jama'a. Yawancin abubuwan tarihi na Alkahira sun kasance tun daga zamaninsu, gami da da yawa mafi ban sha'awa. Har ila yau birnin ya samu ci gaba daga kula da hanyoyin kasuwanci tsakanin Tekun Indiya da Bahar Rum. Bayan mulkin al-Nasir, duk da haka, Masar da Alkahira sun sami bullar cutar a lokuta da dama, tun daga Mutuwar Baƙar fata a tsakiyar karni na 14. Al'ummar Alkahira sun ragu kuma sun ɗauki ƙarni suna murmurewa, amma ta kasance babbar birni na Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Karkashin Ayyubids da Mamluk na baya, hanyar Qasaba ta zama wurin da aka fi dacewa da gina gine-ginen addini, kaburburan sarauta, da wuraren kasuwanci, wanda akasari sarki ne ko kuma na masu mulki ke daukar nauyinsa. Wannan kuma shi ne inda manyan biranen Alkahira suka bunkasa, inda suka zama babban yankin tattalin arzikinta na kasuwanci da kasuwanci na kasa da kasa. Yayin da babban titin ya cika da shaguna da sarari don ci gaba, an gina sabbin gine-ginen kasuwanci a gabas, kusa da Masallacin Al-Azhar da kuma haramin al-Hussein, inda yankin souq na Khan al-Khalili. har yanzu a yau, ci gaba da ci gaba. Wani muhimmin al'amari na haɓaka halayen biranen Alkahira shi ne karuwar wuraren waƙafi, musamman a lokacin Mamluk. Wakafi sun kasance amintattu na sadaka a ƙarƙashin shari'ar Musulunci waɗanda suka tsara ayyuka, ayyuka, da hanyoyin samar da kudade na yawancin cibiyoyin addini da na jama'a waɗanda masu mulki suka gina. Yawancin lokaci an zana su ne don ayyana hadaddun gine-gine na addini ko na jama'a waɗanda suka haɗa ayyuka daban-daban (misali masallaci, madrasa, makabarta, sebil) waɗanda galibi ana samun kuɗin shiga daga gine-ginen kasuwanci na birane ko wuraren noma na karkara. A ƙarshen karni na 15, Alkahira kuma yana da manyan gine-gine masu amfani da haɗe-haɗe (wanda aka sani da rab', khan ko wikala, dangane da ainihin aikin) inda ƙananan benaye biyu suka kasance don kasuwanci da dalilai na ajiya da kuma labarun da yawa a sama. an ba su hayar ga masu haya.
Alkahira a matsayin babban birnin lardi na Daular Usmaniyya
Daular Usmaniyya ta mamaye Masar a shekara ta 1517, a karkashin Selim I, kuma ta kasance karkashin mulkin Ottoman tsawon shekaru aru-aru. A cikin wannan lokaci, jiga-jigan yankin sun yi ta gwabzawa a tsakanin su ba tare da kakkautawa ba don neman mulki da tasiri na siyasa; wasu daga cikin su ‘yan asalin Daular Usmaniyya, wasu kuma daga kabilar Mamluk da ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a matsayin wani bangare na masu fada aji a kasar duk kuwa da rasuwar masarautar Mamluk.
Alkahira ta ci gaba da kasancewa babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki kuma daya daga cikin muhimman biranen daular. Ya kasance babban wurin shirya aikin hajji (Hajji) zuwa Makka. Duk da yake gwamnonin Ottoman ba manyan ma'abota gine-gine ba ne kamar na Mamluks, amma duk da haka Alkahira ta ci gaba da bunkasa kuma sabbin unguwanni sun yi girma a wajen tsohon ganuwar birnin. Gine-ginen Ottoman a Alkahira ya ci gaba da samun tasiri sosai kuma an samo shi daga al'adun zamanin Mamluk na gida maimakon gabatar da tsayayyen hutu tare da baya. Wasu mutane, irin su Abd ar-Rahman Katkhuda al-Qazdaghli, wani jami'in mamluk a cikin Janissaries a karni na 18, sun kasance ƙwararrun majiɓintan gine-gine. Da yawa daga cikin tsofaffin ƴan ƙasar Burgeoi ko manyan gidaje waɗanda aka adana a birnin Alkahira a yau tun daga zamanin Daular Usmaniyya, kamar yadda wasu sabil-kuttabs (haɗaɗɗen kiosk na rarraba ruwa da makarantar karatun Kur'ani).
Alkahira karkashin Muhammad Ali Pasha da Khedives
Sojojin Faransa Napoleon sun mamaye Masar na dan lokaci daga 1798 zuwa 1801, bayan haka wani hafsan Albaniya a cikin sojojin Daular Usmaniyya mai suna Muhammad Ali Pasha ya mai da Alkahira babban birnin wata daula mai cin gashin kanta wacce ta dade daga 1805 zuwa 1882. Daga nan kuma birnin ya koma karkashin ikon Ingila har sai da Masar ta samu izinin zama kasar Masar. yancin kai a 1922.
Karkashin mulkin Muhammad Ali an gyara babban birnin Alkahira gaba daya. An ruguje da yawa daga cikin abubuwan tarihinta na Mamluk da ba a yi amfani da su ba domin gina sabon masallacin sa (Masallacin Muhammad Ali) da sauran fadoji. Daular Muhammad Ali kuma ta gabatar da tsarin gine-ginen daular Usmaniyya zalla, musamman a salon Baroque na marigayi Ottoman. Ɗaya daga cikin jikokinsa, Isma'il, a matsayin Khedive tsakanin 1864 zuwa 1879, ya jagoranci aikin gina tashar ruwa ta Suez na zamani. Tare da wannan sana'a, ya kuma gudanar da aikin gina wani katafaren sabon birni mai salon turawa zuwa arewa da yammacin cibiyar tarihi ta Alkahira. Sabon birnin ya kwaikwayi gyare-gyare na ƙarni na 19 na Haussman na Paris, tare da manyan boulevards da murabba'ai sun kasance wani ɓangare na tsarawa da shimfidawa. Ko da yake ba a cika cikar hangen nesa na Isma'il ba, wannan sabon birni ya hada da yawa daga cikin Garin Alkahira a yau. Wannan ya bar tsofaffin gundumomi na Alkahira masu tarihi, ciki har da birni mai katanga, ba a kula da su ba. Ko da Citadel ya rasa matsayinsa na gidan sarauta lokacin da Isma'il ya koma sabon fadar Abdin a 1874.
Masallatai
Yayin da masallacin farko a Masar shi ne Masallacin Amr bn al-As da ke Fustat, Masallacin Ibn Tulun shi ne masallaci mafi dadewa da ya ci gaba da rike siffarsa na asali kuma ba kasafai misali ne na gine-ginen Abbasiyawa ba, tun daga zamanin al'ada na wayewar Musulunci. An gina shi a shekara ta 876-879 miladiyya bisa salon da babban birnin Abbasiyawa na Samarra na kasar Iraki ya yi wahayi. Yana daya daga cikin manyan masallatai a birnin Alkahira kuma ana yawan ambatonsa a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyaun masallatai.
Daya daga cikin muhimman cibiyoyi masu dawwama da aka assasa a zamanin Fatimid, shi ne masallacin Azhar da aka kafa a shekara ta 970 miladiyya, wanda ke fafatawa da Qarawiyyin dake birnin Fes na neman mukamin jami'a mafi dadewa a duniya. A yau jami'ar al-Azhar ita ce babbar cibiyar koyar da ilimin addinin musulunci a duniya kuma daya daga cikin manyan jami'o'in kasar Masar da ke da cibiyoyi a fadin kasar. Masallacin da kansa yana riƙe da mahimman abubuwan Fatimid amma an ƙara shi kuma an faɗaɗa shi a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa, musamman ta sarakunan Mamluk Qaitbay da al-Ghuri da Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda a ƙarni na 18. Sauran abubuwan tarihi na zamanin Fatimid sun hada da babban masallacin al-Hakim, masallacin al-Aqmar, masallacin Juyushi, masallacin Lulua, da masallacin Salih Tala'i. Mafi shaharar kayan gine-gine na Alkahira na da, duk da haka, sun kasance daga zamanin Mamluk, daga 1250 zuwa 1517 AD. Sarakunan Mamluk da manyan mutane sun kasance masu sha'awar sha'awar addini da ilimi, yawanci gina gine-gine na addini ko jana'izar wadanda ayyukansu zasu iya hada da masallaci, madrasa, Khanqah (na Sufaye), wuraren rarraba ruwa (sabils), da makabarta don kansu da iyalansu. Daga cikin sanannun misalan abubuwan tarihi na Mamluk a Alkahira akwai katafaren Masallacin-Madrasa na Sultan Hasan, Masallacin Amir al-Maridani, Masallacin Sultan al-Mu'ayyad (wanda aka gina tagwayen minare a saman kofar Bab Zuwayla). rukunin Sultan Al-Ghuri, wurin jana'izar Sultan Qaytbay a makabartar Arewa, da kuma manyan abubuwan tarihi guda uku a yankin Bayn al-Qasrayn wanda ya kunshi rukunin Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun, Madrasa na al-Nasir Muhammad. da Madrasa Sultan Barquq. Wasu masallatai sun haɗa da spolia (sau da yawa ginshiƙai ko manyan) daga gine-ginen da Romawa, Rumawa, ko Copts suka gina.
Wuraren ibada da mausoleum
Har ila yau, birnin Alkahira ya kasance wurin da wasu muhimman wuraren ibada na addini kamar masallacin al-Hussain (wanda ake kyautata zaton cewa hubbaren yana dauke da shugaban Husayn bn Ali), Mausoleum na Imam al-Shafi'i (wanda ya kafa mazhabar Shafi'i), daya daga cikin mazhabobin fiqihu Ahlus-Sunnah, da Kabarin Sayyida Ruqayya, da Masallacin Sayyida Nafisa, da sauransu. Wasu daga cikin wadannan wuraren ibada suna cikin manya-manyan wuraren makabarta da aka fi sani da birnin Matattu ko kuma al-Qarafa a Larabci, wadanda ke daura da birnin mai tarihi. Makabartun sun samo asali ne tun daga kafuwar Fustat, amma da yawa daga cikin fitattun kuma shahararrun gine-ginen mausoleum sun fito ne daga zamanin Mamluk.
Ganuwar da kofofi
Lokacin da Fatimids suka kafa Alkahira a matsayin babban birni a shekara ta 969, an rufe shi da da'irar bango. Waziri Badr al-Gamali ne ya sake gina su da dutse a ƙarshen karni na 11 miladiyya, waɗanda sassansu ke wanzuwa a yau a Bab Zuwayla a kudu da Bab al-Futuh da Bab al-Nasr a arewa. Ayyubids ne suka tsawaita kuma suka gyara bangon a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban shirin Salah ad-Din na kare alƙahira da Fustat ta bango ɗaya. Kwanan nan an tono sassan wadannan katangar kusa da wurin shakatawa na Al-Azhar, ciki har da wasu kofofin Ayyubid kamar Bab al-Barqiya.
Citadel
Salah ad-Din (Saladin) ya fara gina katafaren katafaren gini a shekara ta 1176 don zama kujerar mulkin Masar, tare da kammala ginin karkashin magajinsa. Tana kan titin tsaunin Muqattam da ke kusa da ke kallon birnin. Citadel ya kasance mazaunin sarakunan Masar har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19, kuma an canza shi akai-akai a ƙarƙashin sarakunan da suka biyo baya. Musamman ma, Muhammad Ali Pasha ya gina masallacin Muhammad Ali na karni na 19 wanda har yanzu ya mamaye sararin samaniyar birnin tun daga inda yake.
Kasuwanni da gine-ginen kasuwanci
Mamluks, da kuma na Ottoman na baya, suma sun gina wikalas (caravanserais; wanda aka fi sani da khans) don gina 'yan kasuwa da kayayyaki saboda muhimmiyar rawar da ciniki da kasuwanci ke takawa a tattalin arzikin Alkahira. Misali mafi shahara kuma mafi kyawun kiyayewa shine Wikala al-Ghuri, wanda a zamanin yau kuma yana karbar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na Al-Tannoura na Masarautar Masarawa na Rawar Al'ada. Shahararriyar Khan al-Khalili sanannen cibiyar souq ce da cibiyar kasuwanci wacce kuma ta haɗa ayarin motoci. Wani misali na gine-ginen kasuwanci na tarihi shine Qasaba na Radwan Bay na karni na 17, wanda yanzu yana cikin yankin al-Khayamiyya wanda sunansa ya fito daga kayan ado na ado (khayamiyya) har yanzu ana sayar da su a nan.
Matsayin adanawa
Yawancin wannan yanki mai tarihi yana fama da rashin kulawa da lalacewa, a cikin wannan yanki na ɗaya daga cikin mafi talauci da cunkoso a babban birnin Masar. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin mako na Al-Ahram, satar abubuwan tarihi da kayayyakin tarihi na Musulunci a yankin Al-Darb al-Ahmar na barazana ga kiyaye su na dogon lokaci.
Abdulaziz bin Salman Al Saud
Abdulaziz Bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( عبد العزيز بن سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود  سعود ) (an haife shi a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin 1960) Miladiyya.ɗan gidan Saud ne. Ya kasance mataimakin ministan mai na Saudiyya tsakanin shekara ta 2005 da shekara ta 2017. A watan Afrilun shekara ta 2017, an ba shi karamin ministan harkokin makamashi. A ranar 8 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 2019. An ba da doka ta sarauta don nada shi a matsayin ministan makamashi, masarauta ta farko da ta riƙe wannan fayil ɗin.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Yarima Abdulaziz a shekara ta alif 1960. Shi ne ɗa na huɗu ga Sarki Salman bin Abdulaziz. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Sultana bint Turki Al Sudairi, wacce ta mutu tana da shekara 71 a watan Yulin shekara ta 2011. Ta kasance diyar kawun Yarima Salman, Turki bin Ahmed Al Sudairi, wanda ya taba zama gwamnan lardin Asir. Abdulaziz bin Salman shine dan uwan marigayi Fahd bin Salman, marigayi Ahmed bin Salman, Sultan bin Salman, Faisal bin Salman da Hassa bint Salman (an haife shi a shekara ta alif 1974).
Ayyuka
Abdulaziz bin Salman ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a Jami’ar Man Fetur da Ma’adanai ta King Fahd, sannan ya biyo bayan wani lokaci a matsayin mukaddashin darakta a cibiyar binciken a can, inda ya ke kula da karatun makamashi. Daga baya, ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan sashin binciken tattalin arziki da masana'antu a wannan makarantar.
A shekara ta alif 1987, ya zama mai ba da shawara a ma'aikatar mai. A lokacin da yake aiki, an ce yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da ministan mai, Hisham Nazer. Yarima Abdulaziz ya sami mukamin mataimakin ministan mai a watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1995. An kuma nada shi a matsayin sakataren harkokin man fetur, kungiyar da aka kafa a watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1996. Bugu da kari, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin ba da shawarwari game da makamashi.
Matsayinsa na mataimakin ministan mai ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 2005 lokacin da aka nada shi mataimakin ministan mai. Wa’adin sa a matsayin mataimakin ministan mai ya kare ne a ranar 22 ga watan Afrilun shekara  2017 lokacin da ya zama karamin ministan harkokin makamashi. A yayin wannan rawar, ya sami babban ci gaba a tattaunawa da memba na OPEC na Kuwait don ci gaba da samar da shi a yankin da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu, bayan dakatar da shekaru hudu.
A ranar 8 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2019 an nada shi a matsayin ministan makamashi.
Tasiri
A matsayinsa na mataimakin ministan mai, ana kallon Yarima Abdulaziz a matsayin babban mutum a cikin siyasar Saudiyya tunda ya yi mu'amala da babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga ta Masarautar, man fetur. An ce yana da farin jini kuma yana da magoya baya da suka ci gajiyar goyon bayan da suke nuna masa da mahaifinsa, Sarki Salman. An dauki Yarima Abdulaziz a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan da za su taka leda a Kasar Saudiyya a lokacin da jikokin Ibn Saud suka fara mulkin kasar. An kuma dauke shi a matsayin wanda zai iya maye gurbin tsohon ministan mai, Ali Naimi. .
Sauran ayyuka
Yarima Abdulaziz memba ne na kwamitin gwamnonin kungiyoyi masu zuwa: Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi ta Oxford, Clubford Energy Policy Club da Cibiyar Man Fetur. Shi ne shugaban girmamawa na Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Saudiyya. Shi ne kuma babban mai kulawa na Kungiyar Sadaka ta Yarima Fahd bin Salman don Kula da Marasa Lafiya.
== Rayuwar mutum == Abdulaziz bin Salman ya auri Sara bint Khalid bin Musaid bin Abdulaziz (an haife shi a shekara ta 1966). Suna da yara uku.
Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu
Patrick Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta  1937 - ya mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1967) wani hafsan sojan Najeriya ne wanda ya taka rawar gani a juyin mulkin soja na farko da aka yi a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966, wanda ya hambarar da Jamhuriyar Nijeriya ta Farko.
Bayan Fage
An haifi Patrick Chukwuma Nzeogwu a Kaduna babban birnin yankin Arewa ga iyayen Ibo na kabilar Anioma a Garin Okpanam na Yankin Yammacin Yamma (kusa da Asaba a cikin jihar Delta ta yanzu ). Nzeogwu ya halarci makarantar firamaren Katolika ta Saint Joseph da ke Kaduna don karatun firamare sannan kuma ya yi karatun sakandare ya halarci kwalejin da ke gasar tsere ta John da ke Kaduna, inda ya zama abokai na kud da kud da Christian Anufuro.
A watan Maris na shekara ta 1957, Nzeogwu ya shiga soja a matsayin babban jami'in soja a rundinar Najeriya ta Yammacin Afirka sannan ya ci gaba da samun horo na watanni 6 a Kasar Ghana, sannan Gold Coast. Ya kammala karatunsa a Ghana kafin watan Oktoban shekara ta 1957 sannan ya wuce zuwa Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst inda aka ba shi izini a matsayin hafsan hafsoshi a shekara ta 1959. Daga baya ya halarci kwas na jami'in platoon a Hythe da kuma kwas ɗin kwamandan platoon a Warminster. Max Siollun, wani soja tarihi da aka bayyana Nzeogwu a matsayin "ibada Katolika, a teetotaler, wani maras smoker, kuma duk da kasancewa da takardun shaidar, bai ciyar da yawa lokaci ke bi mata".
Aikin soja
Bayan dawowarsa Najeriya a watan Mayun shekara ta 1960, an tura Nzeogwu zuwa Bataliya ta 1 a Enugu inda Manjo Aguiyi-Ironsi ya kasance babban kwamanda na biyu a karkashin wani jami'in Birtaniyya. Daga baya aka lika shi zuwa Bataliya ta 5 a Kaduna inda ya zama abokai da Olusegun Obasanjo. Abokan aikinsa na Hausa a Sojojin Najeriya sun ba shi suna " Kaduna " saboda kusancinsa da garin. Bayan ya yi aiki a Kongo a shekara ta 1961, an sanya Nzeogwu a matsayin jami’in horarwa a Depot na horar da Sojoji da ke Zariya na kimanin watanni 6 kafin a tura shi Legas don jagorantar sashin leken asirin soja a Hedikwatar Soja inda shi ne jami’in farko na Najeriya.
Wanda ya rigaya ya jagoranci rundunar ta Nigerian Intelligence Corps (NAIC) shi ne Sashin Tsaron Field (FSS) na Royal Nigerian Army, wanda aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1962 tare da Kyaftin PG Harrington (BR) a matsayin Babban Jami'in Ma'aikata na Biyu (GSO2 Int). FSS ta kasance kungiyar tsaro ce wacce ayyukanta suka hada da tantance sojojin Najeriya (NA), tattara bayanan tsaro da kuma dakile bayanan sirri. Manjo Nzeogwu shi ne Babban Jami’in Nijeriya na farko da ya fara wannan nadin daga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 1962 zuwa shekara ta 1964. A matsayin sa na jami'in leken asirin soja, ya shiga binciken cin amanar kasa da laifi na Obafemi Awolowo da sauran membobin jam'iyyar Action Group. A cewar Olusegun Obasanjo, "Chukwuma yana da wasu kalamai masu zafi da zai yi game da tsaron kasa na (Nijeriya), da kuma wadanda ake bincika. Idan yana da yadda yake so, sai ya ce, yadda yake bi da duk lamarin zai kasance daban ". Nzeogwu an ba da rahoton adawa da wasu abokan aikinsa a matsayinsa na jami’in leken asirin soja har ma sun yi artabu da karamin Ministan Sojoji, Ibrahim Tako. Sakamakon haka, an tura shi zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya da ke Kaduna inda ya zama Babban Malami.
Shiryawa
Shirye-shiryen juyin mulkin ya fara ne tare da wasu matasa masu ilimi a jami'a wadanda suka yi niyyar juyin juya halin soja ta kasa ta hanyar kwace iko a manyan biranen Kaduna (yankin Arewa) da Ibadan (Yankin Yammaci), sannan daga baya suka karbe ikon Lagos (Tarayya) Yankin ƙasa). Nzeogwu an ba shi aikin jagorantar juyin juya hali a yankin Arewa wanda ya fara da Operation Damisa a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966 kuma, a matakai na gaba, Operation Kura, Operation Zaki da Operation Giwa wanda da a ce an kashe kisan kafa arewa.
Nzeogwu ya fara shiri ne ta hanyar shirya atisayen dare biyu "Damisa" (Operation Tiger) don horar da sojoji sabbin dabarun fada. Atisayen ya samu amincewar ne daga mahukuntan runduna ta daya Brigade da alama ba su san ainihin manufar Nzeogwu da Birgediya Manjo, Alphonso Keshi ya aika da sakonni zuwa dukkan bangarorin da ke aiki a karkashin Birged don ba da gudummawar sojoji ga nasarar aikin. A lokacin da Manjo Keshi ya fahimci "Operation Damisa" haƙiƙa makircin sojoji ne ya yi latti don tunkarar aikin.
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966, Nzeogwu ya jagoranci wasu sojoji a wani atisayen soja, inda ya kai su hari a gidan firaministan arewa, Sir Ahmadu Bello a wani mummunan juyin mulki da ya kashe kisan gillar. Firimiyan Arewa da Yammacin Najeriya. Firayim Minista ( Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ), da wani ministan tarayya ( Festus Okotie-Eboh ), da manyan hafsoshin soja daga shiyyoyin Arewa da na Yammacin kasar su ma an kashe su da danyen aiki. Daga gwamnatin da ke akwai, Firayim Ministan yankin Gabas ( Michael Okpara ), Shugaban tarayyar Najeriya ( Nnamdi Azikiwe ) da Shugaban Sojojin Ibo ( Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ) fitattu ne wadanda suka tsira.
Kisa
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 15 ga watan  Janairun shekara ta 1966, Nzeogwu ya jagoranci wasu sojoji  a wani atisayen soja, inda ya kai su harin gidan Firimiyan Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardaunan Sakkwato a wani juyin mulki da aka kashe kisan Firimiyan Arewa da Yammacin Najeriya. Firayim Minista ( Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ), da wani ministan tarayya ( Festus Okotie-Eboh ), da manyan hafsoshin soja daga shiyyoyin Arewa da na Yammacin kasar su ma an kashe su da danyen aiki. Daga gwamnatin da ke akwai, Firayim Ministan yankin Gabas ( Michael Okpara ), Shugaban tarayyar Najeriya ( Nnamdi Azikiwe ) da Shugaban Sojoji ( Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ) fitattu ne wadanda suka tsira.
Tsarin aikin Nzeogwu a Arewa ba karamin gudummawa ya yi ba wajen nasarar juyin mulkin a Arewacin Najeriya.
A cewar wani rahoto na Musamman na Ofishin ‘yan sanda na Najeriya, Nzeogwu ya zartar da hukuncin kisa a kalla sojoji 4 da jami’an tsaro na‘ yan sanda ciki har da daya daga cikin mutanen da ke cikin tawagarsa (Sajan Daramola Oyegoke). Nzeogwu ya kuma halarci kisan Col. Raph Shodeinde, babban jami'insa a Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya kuma an ba da rahoton ya yi ta harbi ba ji ba gani ga mata da yara da ke gudu.
Bayan jiran sanarwar ta safiyar ranar ta rediyo daga Manjo Adewale Ademoyega a Legas wanda hakan ba ta faru ba saboda gazawar juyin mulki a Legas, Manjo Nzeogwu ya yi sanarwar tsakiyar rana, inda ya ayyana dokar soja a Arewacin Najeriya.
Kamu
Biyo bayan sanarwar daga Kaduna, da kuma bayanin cewa Nzeogwu na tattara rundunoni don kai hari Legas wanda ya kasance babbar dama a lokacin, Kwamandan rundunar, Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi ya tura wakilai karkashin jagorancin wani mutum Maj. Nzeogwu an girmama shi sosai, Laftanar Kanar. Conrad Nwawo, zuwa Kaduna don sasantawa da tattaunawar sulhu da Maj. Nzeogwu da yiwuwar mika wuya. Maj. Nzeogwu ya gindaya sharudda wadanda Gen. Ironsi ya yarda. Aguyi Ironsi ya karbi mulki, sannan daga baya aka kama Nzeogwu a Legas a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966 sabanin yarjejeniyoyin da aka kulla a baya tsakanin Nzeogwu da Ironsi. An tsare shi a kurkukun tsaro na Kirikiri Mafi Girma a Lagas kafin a canza shi zuwa gidan yarin Aba da ke yankin Gabas inda aka sake shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 1967 da Gwamnan yankin Gabas kuma Shugaban Biafra Chukwuemeka Ojukwu na gaba.
Yakin basasa da mutuwa
A ranar 30 ga watan Mayun, shekara ta 1967, Biafra ta ayyana ’yancinta daga Nijeriya; Wannan ya samo asali ne daga yawan kashe-kashen da ake yi wa 'yan kabilar Ibo a Arewacin Najeriya da kuma kin shugaban mulkin soja na wancan lokacin Janar Yakubu Gowon don tattara jami'an tsaro don dakatar da kashe-kashen.
A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1967, Nzeogwu - wanda aka ciyar da su da daraja na wani Biafran Laftanar Kanar - aka kama a tarko a wani dako kusa da gano haka yayin gudanar da wani dare bincike aiki da tarayya dakarun na 21st bataliya karkashin Captain Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi.
An kashe shi cikin aiki kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa; amma yayarsa ta dage cewa ya kashe kansa don gudun kada wulakanta shi daga sojojin tarayya. Bayan fatattakar umarnin Biafra da shugaban sojojin Najeriya Janar Yakubu Gowon ya bayar, cewa a binne shi a makabartar sojoji da ke Kaduna tare da cikakken girmamawar sojoji.
Legacy
Wasu ra'ayoyi sun sanya Nzeogwu a matsayin mai neman sauyi amma duk da haka ayyukansa tare da wadanda suka yi juyin mulkin a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta  1966 sun haifar da da mai ido ga zababbiyar gwamnatin Najeriya ta dimokiradiyya. Juyin mulkin ya haifar da kisan manyan jami'an gwamnati kuma ya ba da damar yin shekaru 13 na mulkin soja (daga shekara ta 1966 zuwa shekara ta  1979), wanda gwamnatin dimokradiyya ta Najeriya ta yi wa alama daga shekara ta  1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983, wanda kuma wani tsoma bakin soja ya dakatar da shi wanda ya kara Shekaru 16 har zuwa Shekara ta  1999.
Hankaka
Hankaka wani tsuntsu ne mai ɗan girma kamar shaho, wanda ke da farin ƙirji sauran jikinsa kuma baƙi. Shidai hamkaka baya rayuwa sai inda ke da dogayen bishiyoyi kamar manyan Marake da dogayen giginyu, haka yasa Hausawa ke masa kirari da "Hankaka mai gidan sama".
YADDA HANKAKA YAKE YADUWA
Asalin yadda hankaka yake yin karuwa shine, kamar kowanne Tsuntsu shima hankaka macen tana yin kwai ne kamar guda uku zuwa shida. Sannan kuma sai tayi kwanci daganan ta kyankyashe. Bahaushe yace "hankaka maida dan wani naka", wannan karin maganar wani hasashe ne na malam bahaushe dan yana ganin hankaka kandauki kwai na Kaza ko na Agwagwa ko gunya ko ma mai kyau ya tashi yayi sama dashi. To me yake dashi? shidai wannan kwan hankaka yana kaishi ne can kan shekar shi inda macen ke kwanci, daidai lokacin da zata kyankyashe ne kuma wannan kwan da namijin hankaka ya dauko shima kuma ya rube, shine zai zama abincin yan tsakin hankakin.
Bola Odeleke
Bola Odeleke (an haife ta a shekara ta 1950) fasto ce, mai wa’azin bishara, mai kafa da kuma babban mai kula da majami’ar Power Pentecostal.
Farkon rayuwa
Ta fito ne daga garin Ibadan, babban birnin jihar Oyo, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ta yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Ilesa, garin mahaifiyarsu. Ta zama Krista a shekarar 1970 amma ta fara wa’azin ta ne a watan Nuwamba 1974 sannan a watan Agusta 2014, ta yi bikin cika shekaru 40 a cikin hidimarta. Ta zama bishop a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1995 kuma ita ce mace ta farko daga Afirka da ta zama bishop
Ahmad (sarkin Kanem Bornu)
Ahmad Alimi shine shugaban masarautar Bornu a karshen karni na sha takwas da farkon karni na sha tara. A ƙarshen mulkinsa, mutanen Fulani da ke cikin Daularsa sun amsa kiran tawaye wanda Usman Dan Fodio yake  jagoranta a yammaci. Alimi ya zabura tunda ai Bornu ta kasance daular Musulunci ce. Ya fara magana ne da Muhammed Bello da Usman ta hanyar wasika, daga karshe ya bar wa dansa rikon kwarya a shekara ta 1808. A lokacin ya kasance mai rauni ne kuma makaho. Ya mutu bayan 'yan watanni kadan da aukuwan haka.
Ndjamena
Ndjamena ko N’Djamena (Fort-Lamy kafin shekarar 1973) birni ce, da ke a ƙasar Cadi. Ita ce babban birnin kasar Cadi. Ndjamena tana da yawan jama'a 1,092,066, bisa ga jimillar 2012. An gina birnin Ndjamena a shekarar 1900.
Wushi-wushi
Wushi-wushi ko safiyo (da Latinanci Dendrocygna bicolor) tsuntsu ne.
Eric Molebatsi
Eric Molebatsi tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. Ya fito daga gundumar Letlhakeng na Botswana kuma yana aiki har zuwa 2011. Tsakanin 2002 da 2004, ya kuma taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Botswana.
Sana'ar wasa
Molebatsi ya fara wasansa ne a shekara ta 2002 a lokacin da ya buga wasa a kungiyoyi irinsu NICO FC (2007  -2009  kamar ,Motlakase (2010)  Ya kuma wakilci Botswana a gasar cin kofin COSAFA na shekarar 2004.  Ya buga wasan a karshe a kulob ɗin Satmos FC a cikin shekarar 2011 bayan haka ya yi ritaya
Joel Mogorosi
Joel Mogorosi (an haife shi a watan Agusta 2, 1984) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Motswana wanda a halin yanzu yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Gaborone United ta Botswana da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Botswana. An san shi da saurin wasansa da ƙafafu masu sauri. Mogorosi ya ci kwallonsa ta farko ta kasa da kasa ta hanyar jefa kwallo mai tazara da Togo a ranar 4 ga watan Satumban 2010. Kwallonsa ta biyu ta kasa da kasa ita ce ta doke Sweden a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 2011.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Mogorosi ya fara buga wasansa na farko a hukumance a Botswana a ranar 31 ga watan Mayun 2008 da Madagascar a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFA, wasan ya kare babu ci.
Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Botswana da Togo a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika, Botswana ta ci wasan da ci 2-1.
Ya zura kwallaye biyun sa na farko a wasan sada zumunci da Sudan ta Kudu, Botswana ta ci wasan da ci 3-0.
Moundou
Moundou (lafazi: /mundu/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Cadi. Shi ne babban birnin yankin Logone Occidental. Ndjamena yana da yawan jama'a 137,929, bisa ga jimillar 2012. An gina birnin Moundou a shekarar 1923.
Bir I dan Kanem
Sultan Biri Ibn Dunama shi ne ɗan Mai Dunama I, kuma shi Fasam ne daga ƙabilar Kayi. Sultan Biri ya yi sarauta a matsayin sarkin Kanem, a farkon farkon daular Kanem
Uwarsa ta wahalar da shi don kashe wani barawo daya tabayi.
Sinima a Somaliya
Sinima a Somaliya yana nufin masana'antar fim a Somaliya. Siffofin farko na nuna fim ɗin jama'a a cikin ƙasar sune labaran Italiya na manyan abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1937 an samar da fim ɗin Sentinels na Bronze (wanda aka bayar a Fim ɗin Fim na Venice ) a Ogaden Somalia, tare da kusan dukkan 'yan wasan Somaliya. Girma daga cikin Somali mutane 's arziki Thomason, da farko' yan alama-tsawon Somali fina-finai da kuma cinematic bukukuwa fito a cikin farkon shekarun 1960s, nan da nan bayan 'yancin kai. Bayan kirkirar hukumar da ke kula da Hukumar Fina -Finan Somaliya (SFA) a 1975, yanayin fina -finan cikin gida ya fara fadada cikin sauri. A shekarun 1970 zuwa farkon shekarun 1980, shahararrun kide -kide da aka fi sani da riwaayado sune babban abin tafiya a bayan masana'antar fina -finan Somaliya. Fina-finan almara da na zamani gami da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na ƙasashen duniya sun bi sahu, wanda aka samu sauƙaƙe ta hanyar haɓaka fasahar bidiyo da hanyoyin sadarwar talabijin na ƙasa. A cikin shekarun 1990 da 2000, wani sabon fim na ƙarin fina-finan da suka shafi nishaɗi ya fito. An kira shi Somaliwood, wannan matakin farko, motsi na fina-finai na matasa ya ƙarfafa masana'antar fina-finan Somaliya kuma a cikin aiwatar da gabatar da sabbin labaran labarai, dabarun talla da dabarun samarwa.
Shekarun 1910 zuwa 1950
Bayar da labari wata tsohuwar al'ada ce a al'adun Somaliya. Ƙaunar sinima a Somaliya kawai zamani ne, na gani na jiki da ci gaba da wannan ingantacciyar al'ada ta baka.
Siffofin farko na baje kolin fina -finan jama'a a Somaliya sun kasance labaran Italiya na manyan abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin mulkin mallaka a cikin Italiyanci Somaliland. Misalan irin waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da Somalia: Gheledi (1913), Somalia italiana (1913), Somalia: Le bellezze del fiume Nebi (1913), Sotto la Croce del Sud - Somalia Italiana (1926), Visioni della Somalia italiana (1929) da Viaggio di SM il Re a Somalia (novembre-dicembre 1934) (1934).
A cikin shekarun 1930 da 1940, farkon ƴan wasan Somaliya da masu fasahar fim sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ma'aikatan Italiya don samar da fina-finan Fascist a cikin gida. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka samar na ƙarshe sun haɗa da Dub'aad da Sentinels na Bronze. An ba da fim ɗin Sentinels na Tagulla ( Sentinelle di bronzo ) a cikin Festival di Venezia na 1937 a matsayin "Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin mulkin mallaka na Italiya", inda ya lashe Kofin Italiya.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1950 akwai ɗan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Cinecitta na Rome da daraktocin farko na Somaliya. Sakamakon haka, a cikin 1963 Hajji Cagakombe Miyi Iyo Magaalo ("The Countryside and the City" ko "Town & Village"), haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar Somaliya-Italiyanci, shine fim ɗin farko na cikakken fasali na ƙasar.