cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasar Afirka ta Tsakiya
Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi na Afirka ta Tsakiya
Manufofin CEMAC sune haɓaka kasuwanci, kafa cibiyar kasuwanci ta gaskiya, da ƙarin haɗin kai tsakanin al'ummomi da ga ƙasashe da yankuna marasa galihu. A cikin 1994, ya yi nasarar gabatar da ƙuntatawa ga ƙididdiga da raguwa a cikin iyaka da adadin kuɗin fito. A halin yanzu, ƙasashen CEmac suna raba tsarin kuɗi na bai ɗaya, tsari, da tsarin shari'a, kuma suna kiyaye jadawalin kuɗin fito gama gari kan shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen da ba na CEMAC ba. A ka'ida, an kawar da jadawalin kuɗin fito kan ciniki tsakanin CEAC, amma an jinkirta aiwatar da wannan cikakken aiki. Motsin jari a cikin CEmac kyauta ne.
Makasudai
Babban burin shi ne kafa kasuwar gama-gari ta Afirka ta Tsakiya. A taron shugabannin Malabo da na gwamnatocin da aka yi a shekarar 1999, an gano fannoni hudu da kungiyar ta ba da fifiko:
Ayyukan zaman lafiya da tsaro
Kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya sun amince da yarjejeniyar hana cin zarafi a karshen taro karo na biyar na kwamitin ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro na MDD a Afirka ta tsakiya da aka gudanar a birnin Yaoundé na kasar Kamaru. Yarjejeniyar wadda aka kulla a ranar 9 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1994, ta zo ne bayan ganawa ta kwanaki biyar da tattaunawa tsakanin kwararrun soja da ministocin kasashen Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon da Sao Tomé da Principe. A taron koli na kwamitin ba da shawara na dindindin na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tambayoyin Tsaro a Afirka ta Tsakiya wanda ya gudana a Yaoundé a tsakanin 25-26 Fabrairu 1999, kasashe membobin sun yanke shawarar kirkiro wata kungiya don inganta, kiyayewa da karfafa zaman lafiya da tsaro a Afirka ta Tsakiya., wanda za a kira shi Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro a Afirka ta Tsakiya (COPAX). Ka'idar COPAX ta fara aiki yanzu.
Ƙungiyoyin fasaha na majalisar COPAX
An amince da oda a tsaye don COPAX, gami da na CDS, MARAC da FOMAC a watan Yuni 2002 a babban taron koli na 10th a Malabo.
A watan Janairun 2000, Gabon ta dauki nauyin atisayen wanzar da zaman lafiya a yankin "Gabon 2000" da nufin kara karfin jihohin ECCAS a fagen wanzar da zaman lafiya da rigakafin rikice-rikice da sarrafa su. Wannan darasi yana wakiltar aikace-aikacen kai tsaye na tsarin RECAMP na Faransa (ƙarfafa ƙarfin wanzar da zaman lafiya na Afirka).
An gudanar da babban taron koli na ECCAS da CEMAC a Libreville a ranar 23 ga Yuni 2000. Ministocin harkokin wajen kasashe 10 na Afirka ta Tsakiya sun yi taro a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo a ranakun 16 da 17 ga watan Agustan 2001 don tattauna batun tsaro a yankinsu da yaki ya daidaita. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce ta dauki nauyin taron, kuma Rwanda ce kawai ta ki halarta.
An gudanar da taron hafsoshin hafsoshin tsaro a Brazzaville a watan Oktoban 2003, inda aka yanke shawarar cewa za a samar da wata rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya mai girman birged domin shiga tsakani a yankunan tsakiyar Afrika da ba su da kwanciyar hankali. Wannan zai iya zama ɗaya daga cikin birged biyar da Tarayyar Afirka ta tsara na rundunar Jiragen Sama na Afirka, birged ɗaya ga kowane yanki ( Arewa, Yamma, Tsakiya, Gabas da Kudancin Afirka ). Taron ya ba da shawarar cewa masu shirye-shiryen soji daga kowace jihohin ECCAS su kafa wata kungiya da za ta tantance bayanan rundunar. Sun kuma ba da shawarar kafa wata cibiyar horar da zaman lafiya ta hadin gwiwa da atisayen soji duk bayan shekaru biyu. Na farko a cikin wadannan shi ne faruwa a Chadi.
MICOPAX
Manufar tabbatar da zaman lafiya a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (MICOPAX) wani aiki ne na zaman lafiya a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya karkashin jagorancin ECCAS. Tana da hannu a yakin Bush na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da rikicin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya na 2012-2013.
Abimbola Adelakun
Abimbola Adunni Adelakun (an haife shi ne a ranar 15 ga watan Satumba ) marubucin Najeriya ne.
Tarihin rayuwa
An haife ta ne a garin Ibadan, SouthWest Nigeria, tayi karatun ne a Jami’ar Ibadan, inda ta kammala karatun ta na digiri na farko da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin sadarwa da fasahar harshe. Ta kammala karatunta na digiri na uku. mai riƙewa a cikin rawa da wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Texas, Austin.
Tana aiki da jaridar The Punch a Legas, Najeriya, a matsayin marubuciya. Ta yi aiki da jaridar The Punch a Legas, Najeriya, a matsayin marubuciya. Ta yi nazarin al'adun Afirka na zamani kamar yadda suke rayuwa kuma ana yin su ta hanyar tabarau na aikin, jinsi, Afirka, da karatun Yarbanci. Tana rubuta labaran ilimi wadanda aka buga su a cikin mujallu daban-daban da suka hada da Jaridar Mata da Addini, da Jaridar Al'adu da Nazarin Matan Afirka. Wasu daga cikin labarinta sun hada da 'Zuwan Amurka: Race, Class, Nationality and Mobility in “African” hip hop' 2013; Pentikostal Panopticism da Phantasm na “Ultarshe ”arfi” 2018; 'Ruhun ya sanyawa thean suna: Sunayen Pentikostal da Trans-xa'a' 2020; 'Bakin Rai Yana da Ruwa! Halin Rayuwar Najeriya!: Harshe da Dalilin da Ya sa Baƙin Aiki Ya shafi Matsalar 2019; 'Pastocracy: Yin siyasar Pentikostal a Afirka' 2018; 'Godmentality: Pentikostalizim kamar yadda akeyi a Najeriya' 2017; 'Fatalwowi na Ayyuka da suka gabata: Gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Jinsi, Addini da Cwazon Al'adu' 2017; 'Annabce-annabce masu ban mamaki: Binciken Pentecoarfin Pentikostal a Afirka' 2017; 'Sauya Addini: Taron Studentaliban Makarantar Sakandare' 2014; 'Nazarin Nazarin Yarbanci' da 'An ƙi ni, saboda haka ni: Maƙiyi a cikin Yarjejeniyar Yorùbá'
Ita ce marubucin littafin ''Underarƙashin Brownarƙashin Brownarfin Ruwan Kasa. ''
Muhammad Badamosi
Muhammed Badamosi An haife shi a ranar 27 Disambar 1998, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Gambiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Serbian Čukarički akan aro daga ƙungiyar Kortrijk ta Belgium da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Gambia.
Real de Banjul
Bayan kakar wasa tare da Jolakunda a cikin Gasar Nawettan, GFA League First Division, Real de Banjul ce ta lashe tseren don sanya hannu kan sabbin ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa a Gambiya. Ya fara Real de Banjul a cikin shekarar 2015 yayin da yake da niyyar zama sabon tauraro a rukunin farko na GFA League. Duk da haka, bai gane mafarkinsa ba saboda dole ne ya yanke aikinsa na Real de Banjul don matsawa zuwa gasar Premier ta Senegal. Ya buga ƙasa da wasanni 15 a Real de Banjul kuma ya zura ƙwallaye biyu kafin ya bar ƙungiyar a shekarar 2016.
Olympique de Ngor
Bayan shafe ƙasa da cikakken kakar wasa tare da Real de Banjul, Badamosi ya koma kulob ɗin gasar Premier ta Senegal, Olympique de Ngor a kan aro na kakar daga Real de Banjul. Wataƙila bai sami damar samun ragamar raga a baya ba a cikin rukunin farko na GFA League, amma ya yi amfani da lokacinsa a Senegal yayin da ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal. A cikin shekararsa ta farko, ya yi rajistar ƙwallaye bakwai a wasanni goma sha uku yayin da ya zama abin da manyan ƙungiyoyi da dama ke zawarcinsa.
Sanaar kasashen waje
Matashi
Babba
OPEC
Kungiyar Kasashe Masu Fitar da Man Fetur ( OPEC,/ˈoʊ pɛk/OH-pek ) ƙungiya ce ta kasashe. An kafa ta a ranar 14 ga watan Satumbar 1960 a Bagadaza ta kasashe biyar na farko (Iran, Iraki, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, da Venezuela), tun a 1965, tana da hedkwata a Vienna, Austria, kodayake Austria ba ta cikin kungiyar OPEC. , da 13 Kasashen membobi sun kai kimanin kashi 44 da 81.5 na yawan man da ake hakowa a duniya kashi dari na arzikin man fetur da aka tabbatar a duniya, wanda ya baiwa kungiyar OPEC babban tasiri kan farashin mai a duniya wanda a baya kungiyar da ake kira "Seven Sisters" na kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa suka kayyade. Kafa OPEC ya kawo sauyi ga ikon mallakar kasa a kan albarkatun kasa, kuma shawarar da kungiyar ta OPEC ta yi ta taka rawar gani a kasuwar man fetur ta duniya da huldar kasa da kasa. Tasirin na iya zama mai ƙarfi musamman lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe ko rikice-rikicen jama'a ke haifar da tsawaitawa a cikin wadata. A cikin shekarun 1970, takunkumin hako mai ya haifar da tashin gwauron zabi a farashin mai da kuma kudaden shiga da kuma arzikin kungiyar OPEC, wanda hakan ya dade yana haifar da tasiri ga tattalin arzikin duniya. A cikin shekarun 1980, OPEC ta fara tsara manufofin samar da kayayyaki ga kasashe mambobinta; gabaɗaya, idan aka rage abin da ake nufi, farashin mai yana ƙaruwa. Wannan ya faru kwanan nan daga ƙudirin 2008 da 2016 na ƙungiyar don rage yawan abin da aka samu.
Masana tattalin arziki sun bayyana OPEC a matsayin misali na littafin karatu na ƙungiyar da ke ba da haɗin kai don rage gasa a kasuwa, amma wanda tuntubarsa ta sami kariya ta rukunan rigakafi na ƙasa a ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. A shekarun 1960 da 1970, OPEC ta yi nasarar sake fasalin tsarin samar da mai a duniya ta yadda hukumar yanke shawara da mafi yawan ribar ke hannun kasashe masu arzikin man fetur. Tun a shekarun 1980, OPEC ta yi tasiri sosai wajen samar da man fetur a duniya da daidaiton farashinsa, saboda yawan ha’inci da mambobin kungiyar ke yi a kan alkawurran da suka yi wa juna, kuma kamar yadda alkawurran da mambobin kungiyar ke yi na nuna abin da za su yi ko da kuwa babu OPEC.
Kasashen OPEC na yanzu sun hada da Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Jamhuriyar Congo, Saudi Arabia, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Venezuela. A halin da ake ciki, Ecuador, Indonesia da Qatar, sun kasance mambobin kungiyar OPEC. An kafa wata babbar kungiya mai suna OPEC a karshen shekarar 2016 domin samun karin iko kan kasuwar danyen mai ta duniya.
Ƙungiya da tsari
A cikin jerin matakai a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, OPEC ta sake fasalin tsarin samar da mai a duniya don goyon bayan kasashe masu samar da mai da kuma nesanta kansu daga oligopoly na manyan kamfanonin mai na Anglo-American (The Seven Sisters). Haɗin kai tsakanin jihohin da ke hako mai a cikin OPEC, ya sa su sami sauƙi a mayar da haƙon mai zuwa ƙasa da kuma tsara farashin mai don amfanin su ba tare da fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnatoci da kamfanoni na Yamma ba. Kafin kafa kungiyar OPEC, an hukunta daidaikun jihohin da ke hako mai saboda daukar matakin sauya tsarin tafiyar da harkokin hakar mai a iyakokinsu. An tilastawa kasashe ne ta hanyar soji (misali a shekarar 1953, Amurka da Birtaniya sun dauki nauyin juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Mohammad Mosaddegh bayan ya mayar da man fetur din Iran kasa) ko kuma ta fuskar tattalin arziki (misali Seven Sisters sun rage yawan man fetur a wata jiha da ba ta yarda da hakan ba, sannan ta kara habaka samar da mai a wani waje) a lokacin da aka yi abin da ya saba wa muradun ’yan’uwa mata bakwai da gwamnatocinsu.
Ma’anar tsarin da kungiyar ta OPEC ke da shi shi ne cewa tana da muradin gamayya ga mambobinta su takaita wadatar man fetur a duniya domin samun karin farashi. Sai dai babbar matsalar da ke tsakanin kungiyar ta OPEC ita ce ta dace daidaikun mambobin su yi magudin alkawurra da kuma samar da mai gwargwadon iko.
Masanin kimiyyar siyasa Jeff Colgan ya yi zargin cewa OPEC tun a shekarun 1980 ta gaza cimma burinta (iyaka kan samar da mai a duniya, daidaita farashin, da kuma kara yawan kudaden shiga na dogon lokaci). Ya gano cewa membobi sun yaudari kashi 96% na alkawuransu. Matukar dai kasashe mambobin kungiyar sun cika alkawuran da suka dauka, saboda alkawurran sun nuna abin da za su yi ko da kuwa babu OPEC. Babban dalilin da ya sa ake yawan yin magudi shi ne, OPEC ba ta hukunta mambobinta saboda rashin cika alkawuran da suka dauka.
Buick Skylark
Buick Skylark, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1953, ya zama daidai da ladabi da salo. A cikin tsararraki daban-daban, Skylark ya samo asali tare da zamani, yana daidaita ƙirar sa don dacewa da kowane zamani. A cikin shekarun 1960s, Skylark ya rungumi salon samartaka da hoto mai kayatarwa, wanda ke nuna fitattun layukan jiki da kuma siffa mai santsi. A cikin 1980s, ya canza zuwa cikin ƙaramin mota mai tuƙi ta gaba, tana ba da damar canza abubuwan zaɓin mabukaci.
Sunan Skylark ya fara bayyana akan ƙayyadaddun kayan alatu mai iya canzawa ta amfani da chassis na Buick Roadmaster na tsawon shekaru biyu, sannan an sake buɗe shi a cikin 1961 azaman babban abun ciki na alatu madadin matakin shigarwa na Buick Special wanda Skylark ya dogara akansa. Sannan an sanya shi azaman ƙirar aikin alatu na Buick lokacin da aka ba da Buick GSX. Kamar yadda GM ya fara raguwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, Skylark ya zama ƙirar matakin shigarwa lokacin da aka yi amfani da farantin suna na musamman azaman ƙirar kunshin, sannan a cikin 1980s an ba da shi azaman abin hawa mai tuƙi a gaba inda duka biyun coupe ne kuma sedan na tsararraki uku daban-daban.
British Columbia
British Columbia, wadda aka fi sani a saukake da BC, ita ce yammacin Kanada, tana tsakanin Tekun Pasifik da Dutsen Rocky. Tana da yanayi daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da rairayin bakin teku masu duwatsu, rairayin bakin teku masu yashi, dazuzzuka, tafkuna, tsaunuka, hamadar cikin ƙasa,  kuma tana da iyaka da lardin Alberta zuwa gabas, yankuna na Yukon da Yankunan Arewa maso Yamma zuwa arewa, da jihohin Amurka na Washington, Idaho da Montana a kudu da Alaska a arewa maso yamma. Tare da kiyasin yawan mutane kimanin 5.3miliyan a shekarar qidaya na 2022, ita ce lardin Kanada na uku mafi yawan jama'a. Babban birnin British Columbia shine Victoria kuma birni mafi girma shine Vancouver. Vancouver shine yanki na uku mafi girma a cikin Kanada ; a ranar 2021 ya kasance mutane miliyar biyu da dubu dari shida a Metro Vancouver.
Asali
Sarauniya Victoria ta zaɓi sunan ne, tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na British Columbia a shekarar (1858–1866), watau, ya zama mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a shekarar 1858. Yana nufin Gundumar Columbia, sunan Birtaniyya a yankin da Kogin Columbia yake, a kudu maso gabashin British Columbia, wanda shine sunan da aka riga aka yi wa Sashen Yarjejeniyar Columbia na Kamfanin Hudson's Bay. Sarauniya Victoria ta zaɓi gundumar British Columbia don bambanta abin da ke cikin sashin Burtaniya na Gundumar Columbia daga Amurka ("American Columbia" ko kuma "Kudancin Columbia"), wanda ya zama yankin Oregon a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1848, sakamakon yarjejeniyar.
Iyaka
British Columbia tana da iyaka daga yamma da Tekun Pasifik da jihar Alaska ta kasar Amurka, zuwa arewa da Yankunan Arewa maso Yamma, daga gabas da lardin Alberta, daga kudu kuma tana da iyaka da jihohin Amurka na Washington, Idaho. da Montana. An kafa iyakar kudancin British Columbia ta yarjejeniyar Oregon a shekarar 1846, kodayake tarihinta yana da alaƙa da ƙasashe har zuwa kudancin California. Yankin British Columbia yana da kilomita 944,735. Garin gaɓar tekun British Columbia ya kai fiye da kilomita 27,000, kuma ya haɗa da tudu masu zurfi, tsaunuka da kusan tsibiran 6,000, waɗanda yawancinsu ba kowa bane. Lardi ne kawai a cikin Kanada da ke iyaka da Tekun Pacific.
Rakhel Feygenberg
Rakhel Feygenberg ( Yiddish , 1885–1972), sau da yawa sananne da sunan alkalami na Ibrananci Rakhel Imri ( רחל אמרי ), marubuciya Yar kasar Isra'ila ne haifaffiyar Rasha, marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo, mai fassara kuma Yar  jarida wanda ta rubuta cikin Yadish da Ibrananci. Ta rubuta kuma ta buga sosai daga farkon shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sitin.
Tarihin Rayuwar ta
Feygenberg an haife a Lyuban, Minsk Governorate, kasar Rasha Empire, a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da da tamanin da biyar. Mahaifinta Ber, wanda dan malamin Lyuban ne, ya rasu tana da shekara hudu. Ta sami ilimi a cikin Yahudanci, Rashanci da Yiddish daga kakanta, rabbi, da kuma mahaifiyarta Soreh Epstein, wacce ita ce yar uwar marubuci Zalmen Epstein, kuma daga masu koyarwa masu zaman kansu a garin. Ta rubuta littafinta na farko, mai suna Yosef un Roze, tana da shekaru 13 amma danginta sun tilasta ta kona shi. A cikin shekarunta na Yan matan cin ta kakarta ta kawo ta Odesa, kuma ta zauna tare da dangi yayin da take aiki a kantin sayar da tufafi na tsawon shekaru hudu. A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da biyar, a wannan lokacin, ta buga labarinta na farko, ɗan gajeren labari mai suna Kinder yohren (shekarun yara) wanda ya fito a cikin mujallar adabi ta Dos lebn. Marubuciya Shaul Ginzberg, wacce ta buga labarin ta, ta burge ta kuma ta taimaka mata ta koma Saint Petersburg inda ta sami takardar shedar malami. Ta kuma shiga karatun adabi a Saint Petersburg amma ta daina lokacin da ta rasa kudin karatun. Daga nan ta koma Lausanne, Switzerland, kuma ta shiga darussan adabi, amma ta sake yin watsi da karatunta saboda rashin kuɗi. Ta ci gaba da rubutawa da buga gajerun labarai da litattafai a wannan lokacin. Ta koma Rasha da kuma yi aiki a matsayin malama a cikin Volhynia Governorate na 'yan shekaru. Ta auri wani masanin sinadarai da abokin iyali mai suna G. Shapiro, wanda ya girme ta sosai, a cikin 1914; sun zauna a Yanovka (yau Bereslavka, Ukraine ) kuma suna da ɗa. Ta daina rubuta shekaru biyar na farko da suka yi aure. A shekara ta 1919, a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Rasha an lalata gidanta a cikin wani gungume, kuma ita da ɗanta sun ɓoye cikin waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.
Sana'ar rubutu
Daga baya a cikin 1919 Feygenberg ta koma Odesa kuma ta fara rubutawa da sake bugawa. Musamman ma, ta mai da hankali kan rubuce-rubuce game da pogros na Yahudawa da ta rayu a ciki, kuma ta shiga cikin ƙoƙarin tattara shaidu daga waɗanda suka tsira. Ta bar Ukraine a 1921 kuma ta yi lokaci a Chișinău da Bucharest. A tsakiyar 1920s ta zauna a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da Falasdinu na wajibi, Warsaw, da Paris. A lokacin da take a Falasdinu, ta zargi kafafan adabin da ke wurin da nuna wariya ga Yiddish, yayin da suka fassara yawancin litattafai mafi ƙanƙanta na Turai zuwa Ibrananci amma kusan ba su taɓa yin rubuce-rubucen asali da Yadish ba.
Ta bar Turai ta dindindin zuwa Falasdinu ta tilas a 1933, inda ta zauna a Tel Aviv kuma ta fara bugawa a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Rakhel Imri. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga Der Moment da wallafe-wallafe daban-daban na yaren Ibrananci kamar Haaretz, Davar, HaOlam HaZeh da Kuntres. A wannan zamanin, ta fara gaskata cewa ya kamata marubutan Yiddish su zauna a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kuma cewa marubuta a Palestine dole ne su mai da hankali kan rubuce-rubucen yaren Ibrananci. Ta fara tallafawa fassarar wasu mafi kyawun ayyukan Yiddish zuwa Ibrananci, ta buga fassarorin ayyukan Isra'ila Joshua Singer da David Bergelson a cikin Ibrananci. Ta kuma fara fassara nata ayyukan yaren Yiddish zuwa Ibrananci. Bayan lokaci, kuma musamman bayan Holocaust, ta rasa bangaskiyarta cewa wallafe-wallafen Yadish da Ibrananci za su ci gaba da kasancewa masu mahimmanci, kuma sun fi mai da hankali kan fassarar zuwa Ibrananci.
Feygenberg ta mutu a Tel Aviv a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da biyu.
Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya
Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (WTO) kungiya ce ta gwamnatoci da ke tsarawa da sauƙaƙe kasuwancin duniya. Tare da ingantacciyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gwamnatoci suna amfani da ƙungiyar don kafawa, sake dubawa, da kuma tilasta dokokin da ke tafiyar da kasuwancin duniya. Ta fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 1995, bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Marrakesh ta 1994, don haka ya maye gurbin Babban Yarjejeniyar Tariffs and trade (GATT) wacce aka kafa a 1948. WTO ita ce babbar kungiyar tattalin arziki ta duniya, tare da kasashe mambobi 164 da ke wakiltar sama da kashi 98% na cinikin duniya da GDP na duniya.
WTO tana saukaka kasuwanci a cikin kayayyaki, ayyuka da kuma ikon tunani tsakanin kasashe masu shiga ta hanyar samar da tsarin yin shawarwari kan yarjejeniyoyin ciniki, wanda yawanci ke da nufin ragewa ko kawar da haraji, kaso, da sauran hani; wakilan gwamnatocin membobi ne suka sanya hannu kan waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin kuma majalisarsu ta amince da su. Har ila yau, WTO tana gudanar da warware takaddama mai zaman kansa don tabbatar da bin yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci da mahalarta taron da kuma warware takaddamar da suka shafi kasuwanci. Ƙungiyar ta hana nuna bambanci tsakanin abokan ciniki, amma tana ba da keɓancewa don kare muhalli, tsaron ƙasa, da sauran mahimman manufofi. WTO tana da hedikwata a birnin Geneva na kasar Switzerland. Babban hukumar da ke yanke shawara ita ce taron Ministoci, wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan ƙasashe mambobi kuma yawanci ana taruwa a kowace shekara; An jaddada ijma'i a duk yanke shawara. Babbar majalisa ce ke gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullun, wanda ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan membobi. Sakatariya mai ma'aikata sama da 600, karkashin jagorancin Darakta-Janar da wakilai hudu, tana ba da sabis na gudanarwa, ƙwararru, da fasaha. Kasafin kudin WTO na shekara ya kai dala miliyan 220, wanda mambobi ke ba da gudummawar su bisa la'akari da adadin kasuwancin duniya.
Bincike ya nuna cewa WTO ta inganta harkokin kasuwanci da rage shingen kasuwanci. Har ila yau, ya yi tasiri ga yarjejeniyar ciniki gabaɗaya; Wani bincike da aka yi a shekarar 2017 ya gano cewa, mafi yawan yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci na fifiko (PTAs) har zuwa wannan lokacin suna magana a sarari a kan WTO, tare da kaso mai tsoka na rubutu da aka kwafi daga yarjejeniyar WTO. Buri na 10 na muradun ci gaba mai dorewa na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya kuma yi nuni da yarjejeniyar WTO a matsayin kayan aikin rage rashin daidaito. Sai dai masu sukar sun ce ba a raba fa'idar ciniki cikin 'yanci da WTO ke samu.
Tarihi
Yarjejeniya ta farko ta WTO kan haraji da ciniki (GATT), an kafa ta ne ta hanyar yerjejeniyar kasashe 23 a shekara ta 1947 bayan yakin duniya na biyu bayan wasu sabbin cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu da suka sadaukar da hadin gwiwar tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa-kamar bankin duniya (kafa 1944) ) da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (wanda aka kafa 1944 ko 1945). Kwatankwacin cibiyar kasuwanci ta duniya, mai suna Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ba ta fara kamar Amurka ba. da sauran masu rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba su amince da yarjejeniyar kafawa ba,   don haka a hankali GATT ta zama kungiyar ta kasa da kasa.
Wilfried Zaha
Dazet Wilfried Armel Zaha (an haife shi 10 ga watan Nuwambar 1992), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kulob ɗin Crystal Palace Premier League da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ivory Coast.
Zaha ya ci gaba zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta Crystal Palace daga makarantar su, a cikin shekarar 2010. A cikin shekaru uku na farko da ya cika a Selhurst Park, ya zira ƙwallaye 18 a dukkanin gasar. A cikin watan Janairun 2013, an canza shi zuwa Manchester United akan farashin farko na £ 10 miliyan (ɗan wasan Crystal Palace mafi tsada da aka sayar a lokacin). Zaha ya ci gaba da zama a matsayin aro a Palace har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana, inda ya taimaka musu komawa gasar Premier. Bayan rashin nasara 2013-2014 kakar tare da Manchester United (mafi yawan kashe a kan aro a Cardiff City ), Zaha ya koma Palace a watan Agustan 2014 a kan wani kakar aro aro, kafin ya koma kulob din a kan dindindin a watan Fabrairun 2015. Tun daga lokacin ya zama ɗan wasa na 12 da ya fi zura ƙwallaye a ƙungiyar.
An haife shi a Ivory Coast, Zaha ta girma a Ingila tun yana da shekaru huɗu. Ya buga wasansa na farko ne a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila a shekarar 2012, inda ya bayyana a wasanni biyu da ba a gasa ba (wanda ya zo a shekarar 2013). Bayan da bai buga wa Ingila wasa ba har tsawon shekaru huɗu, ya sauya sheka zuwa Ivory Coast gabanin gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2017.
Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Zaha ya ƙaura tare da danginsa - ciki har da 'yan uwansa takwas - zuwa Thornton Heath a cikin gundumar London na Croydon, yana da shekaru huɗu. Ya yi karatu a Whitehorse Manor Junior School, Thornton Heath da Selsdon High School, Selsdon.
Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a makaranta, kuma ya shiga makarantar Crystal Palace yana da shekaru 12.
An zargi Zaha da yin ruwa ; Ko da yake, Roy Hodgson, wanda ya horar da shi a matakin kulob a Crystal Palace da kuma na duniya a Ingila, ya ce: "Wilf Zaha ba ya nutse a bugun fanariti. Ana buga shi wani lokaci - wani lokacin ana buga shi ko rashin daidaituwa ba tare da bugun fanariti ko kuma ba - saboda yana gudu da irin wannan saurin kuma yana da irin wannan karfin da kwallon. Amma lallai ba ya nutsewa.” Hodgson ya kuma ce yadda Zaha ya zama dan wasan nutsewa saboda "kamfen" ne kuma hakan ya sa alkalan wasa suka kore shi daga kuskure.
ASE Essaouira
Amal Sportive d'Essaouira, wacce kuma a kafi sani da Amal Essaouira ko ASE, ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ce ta Morocco. Kulob din tana taka leda a Nationale 1, gasa mafi girma a Morocco. A cikin shekarar 2014, ASE ta shiga cikin Gasar Ƙwallon Larabawa.
Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Morocco
Tawagar kwallon kwando ta kasar Morocco tana wakiltar Morocco a gasar kwallon kwando ta kasa da kasa. Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Masarautar Moroccan ce ke tafiyar da ƙungiyar, wanda kuma aka sani da FRMBB. Kungiyar ta fito a FIBA AfroBasket sau 20 kuma ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar 1965. A shekara ta 1968, Morocco ta zama ta biyu a matsayi na biyu wato (runners-up).
Roster na yanzu
A AfroBasket 2017:
Last rosters
Tawagar Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta FIBA 2013. AfroBasket 2015:
Ferrari Monza
Ferrari Monza daya ne daga cikin jerin motocin da Ferrari ya gina. A farkon 1950s, Ferrari ya canza daga yin amfani da ƙaramin injin Gioacchino Colombo -tsara V12 a cikin ƙaramin aji na masu tseren wasanni zuwa layin injin silinda huɗu wanda Aurelio Lampredi ya tsara. An yi wahayi zuwa ga nasarar haske da ingantaccen motar 2.5 L 553 F1, masu tseren wasanni masu silinda huɗu sun yi nasara cikin nasara a ƙarshen 1950s, wanda ya ƙare tare da fitattun 500 Mondial da 750 Monza.
Kusan dukkan Monzas suna da 2250 mm na wheelbase, ban da 250 da 860 Monza.
1953
1953 shekara ce mai ban tsoro ga Ferrari, farawa da sabon jerin Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Kamfanin ya haɓaka al'adar su na V12-powered 250 MM tare da sabon 340 MM da 375 MM kuma ya gabatar da sabon silinda 625 TF da 735 S. Tare da wannan yawan motoci, Ferrari ya sami damar share wasan farko na gasar tseren motoci.
625 TF
Mai tseren motsa jiki mai rufaffiyar silinda na farko daga Ferrari shine 625 TF na 1953. Yayi kama da 250 MM ɗan leƙen asiri na Vignale a mafi yawan al'amura, 625 TF yayi amfani da 2.5 L (2498) cc/152 in³) madaidaiciya-4 daga motar 625 F1 maimakon 250's 3.0 L V12. Wata karamar mota ce, mai guda 2,250 mm (89 a) wheelbase a matsayin 250 amma har ma ya fi sauƙi a 730 kg (1,610 lb). Injin ya samar da 220 hp (164 kW) da 7,000 rpm kuma zai iya tura ƙaramin titin zuwa sama da 240 km/h (150 mph).
Motar mai nauyi ta yi muhawara a hannun Mike Hawthorn a Monza ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1953. Ko da yake ba zai iya ci gaba da tsayin daka a waccan waƙar ba, Hawthorn ya kawo motar zuwa matsayi na huɗu a farkon fitowarta.
Rufe guda 625 TF berlinetta, ɗaya daga cikin Ferraris na ƙarshe da Vignale ya tsara kuma ya gina, an ƙirƙira shi a cikin bazara na 1953. Per Giulio Vignale, an lalata shi a cikin wuta. Akwai jita-jita cewa an sake fasalinsa azaman Spyder ta Scaglietti a cikin 1954 amma wannan bai tabbata ba.
Buick Electra
Buick Electra babbar mota ce ta alfarma da Buick ke ƙerawa kuma ya tallata shi daga 1959 zuwa 1990, sama da ƙarni shida. An gabatar da shi azaman maye gurbin layukan Roadmaster, Electra yayi aiki a matsayin layin flagship Buick sedan ta hanyar gabaɗayan samarwa kuma an ba da shi azaman sedan mai fasinja mai hawa huɗu tare da sedan kofa biyu, mai canzawa kofa biyu, da tashar kofa biyar. bambance-bambancen wagon.
Domin ƙarni na shida, wanda aka gabatar don samfurin shekara ta 1985, Electra ya sake yin wani gagarumin raguwa, kuma ya ɗauki ginin unibody da kuma sabon GM na gaba-drive C Platform - ya zama tare da bambance-bambancen da aka gyara, Oldsmobile 98 da Cadillac Deville da Fleetwood, da cikakken girman kamfani na farko, unibody, injunan juzu'i, motoci masu tuƙi na gaba.
Denis Daluri
Denis Yongule Daluri (An haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Sudan ta Kudu wanda kwanan nan ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar Kalubalen Maltese ta Lija Athletic da kuma tawagar ƙasar Sudan ta Kudu.
Aikin kulob
Daluri ya taba buga wasa a Geelong SC, Brisbane Strikers da Green Gully.
A ranar 20 ga watan Janairu, 2022, ƙungiyar Lija Athletic ta Maltese ta sanar da sa hannun Daluri.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Daluri ya fara taka leda a Sudan ta Kudu a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba, 2019, a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2022 da Equatorial Guinea.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Baya ga kasancewarsa ɗan ƙasar Sudan ta Kudu, Yongule ɗan ƙasar Australiya ne saboda ƙaura na dindindin a wurin.
Kimiyyar zamantakewa
Kimiyyar zamantakewa, ɗaya ce daga cikin rassan kimiyya mai sadaukar da kai ga nazarin al'ummomi da alaƙa tsakanin daidaikun mutane a cikin waɗannan al'ummomin. An yi amfani da kalmar a da don komawa fagen ilimin zamantakewa, ainihin "kimiyyar al'umma", wanda aka kafa a karni na 19. Bayan ilimin zamantakewa, yanzu ya ƙunshi nau'o'in ilimi iri-iri da suka haɗa da ilimin halin ɗan adam, ilimin kimiya na tarihi, tattalin arziki, yanayin yanayin ɗan adam, ilimin harshe, kimiyyar gudanarwa, kimiyyar sadarwa da kimiyyar siyasa.
Mustapha Carayol
Mustapha Soon Carayol (an haife shi 4 ga watan Satumbar 1988), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Gambia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger na Burton Albion da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gambia.
Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gasar EFL don Middlesbrough, Brighton &amp; Hove Albion, Huddersfield Town, Leeds United, Nottingham Forest da Ipswich Town. Ya kuma taka leda a Cyprus da Turkiyya a Apollon Limassol da Adana Demirspor da kuma a gasar kwallon kafa ta Milton Keynes Dons da Torquay United da Lincoln City da Bristol Rovers da Gillingham da kuma wasanni da dama tare da kungiyoyin da ba na gasar ba Crawley Town da Kettering Town.
Farkon aiki
An haife shi a Banjul, Carayol ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasa na matasa tare da Swindon Town kuma lokacin da Paul Ince ya ƙaura daga Swindon ya zama manajan Macclesfield Town a shekarar 2006 ya ɗauki Carayol tare da shi a matsayin mai horarwa. A lokacin an ambato shi yana cewa "Na yi farin cikin tsaftace dukkan takalman kungiyar farko a duk kakar wasa don wannan damar".
Lokacin da Ince ya zama manajan Milton Keynes Dons a cikin shekarar 2007, ya sake sanya hannu kan Carayol, yana ba shi kwangilar ƙwararrun sa ta farko. Ya buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar MK Dons da Sheffield United a gasar cin kofin League a ranar 28 ga Agustan 2007 kuma ya ci gaba da bayyana a wasa guda daya.
A cikin Oktoba 2007, Carayol ya shiga Crawley Town a kan aro don samun ƙarin ƙwarewar ƙungiyar farko. Hakan ya biyo bayan wasan da Carayol ya buga da su a filin atisaye na Crawley makon da ya gabata. Carayol ya fara buga wasansa na Crawley Town, wanda ya ci, a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Aldershot Town. Ba da daɗewa ba, ba da daɗewa ba an tsawaita lamunin Carayol tare da Crawley Town na wani wata kuma har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. Sannan Carayol ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Grays Athletic da Stafford Rangers.
Torquay United
A ranar 13 ga Yulin 2008, Torquay United ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu.
Carayol ya buga wasansa na farko na Torquay United, a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta bana, inda ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Danny Stevens a minti na 68, a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Histon. A farkon kakarsa a Torquay United, Carayol ya buga wasanni talatin a kulob din kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kai ga ci gaba da komawa League Two.
Lokacin da ya biyo baya ya ga Carayol yana yin bayyanarsa na farko na kakar a kan 15 Agustan 2009, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Scott Rendell a cikin minti na 68th, kuma ya zira kwallaye a cikin asarar 5-3 da Dagenham &amp; Redbridge. Fitowar Carayol na karshe a kulob din kafin ya koma Kettering Town ya zo ne a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2009, inda ya kafa manufa don kulob din, a cikin rashin nasara 2-1 da Rochdale. Bayan ya dawo daga lamuni a Kettering Town, Carayol ya fara bayyanarsa a ranar 6 ga Fabrairun 2010, inda ya buga mintuna 45 a wasan, a cikin rashin nasara 1-0 da Hereford United. Daga nan sai Carayol ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a karon farko cikin watanni biyar, a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Cheltenham Town a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2010. Carayol ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye hudu a ragar Darlington, Rochdale,  Grimsby Town  da Bury. Daga baya Carayol ya kammala kakar 2009–2010, inda ya buga wasanni 30 kuma ya zura kwallaye shida.
A ranar 17 ga Satumbar 2009 ya shiga Kettering Town akan yarjejeniyar lamuni ta gaggawa ta watanni uku. Carayol ya buga wasansa na farko na Kettering Town washegari, a cikin rashin nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Crawley Town. Carayol dai ya buga wasanni biyar ne kawai, saboda fama da rauni a kafarsa wanda hakan ya sa ya yi jinyar wata guda.
Isabella Matambanadzo
Isabella Matambanadzo (an haife ta 5 Yuni 1973) marubuciya ce ' yar Zimbabwe, jinsi kuma mai fafutukar mata da ke aiki tare da Dandalin Mata na Afirka. Tare da gogewar aikin jarida, rediyo da talabijin, ta yi amfani da kafofin watsa labarai don haɓaka muryoyin mata. Har ila yau, tana da kwarewa wajen bayar da rahotanni kan labaran karya a ciki da wajen Afirka, inda a baya ta yi aiki da Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Reuters daga 1999 zuwa 2001.
Mustapha Carayol
Torquay United
Tare da kwantiraginsa ya ƙare a ƙarshen kakar 2009-2010, Carayol ya ƙi sabon kwantaragi a Torquay United, amma ya ƙi shi kuma sakamakon haka, an cire shi daga ƙungiyar farko a wasan karshe na kakar. da Notts County, da kuma, dangantaka mai rauni tare da Manajan Paul Buckle.
Othmane El Goumri
Othmane El Goumri ( عثمان الكومري  ; an haife shi 28 ga watan Mayun 1992), ɗan tseren nisa ɗan Morocco ne. Ya wakilci kasarsa a gasar cin kofin duniya na waje da daya na cikin gida. A shekarar 2016 an dakatar da shi shiga gasar har na tsawon shekaru biyu saboda rashin bin ka’ida a fasfo dinsa na halitta. Ya yi takara a tseren gudun fanfalaki na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2020.
Mustapha Carayol
Torquay United
.
Isabella Matambanadzo
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Isabella Matambanadzo a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1973 ga Paul da Creacie Matambanadzo a yankin masana'antu na Pelandaba, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Ita ce ta farko a cikin yara hudu. Shekarunta na farko sun kasance tare da mahaifiyarta da kakarta waɗanda suka gabatar da ita game da mata. Gidansu ya koma Highfield, Harare, inda ta yi makarantar firamare da sakandare. A shekarar 1994 ta samu takardar shaidar difloma a Cibiyar Hulda da Jama'a ta Zimbabwe, ta kuma ci gaba da samun Diploma ta kasa a fannin Sadarwar Sadarwa a Harare Polytechnic a shekarar 1995. Ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Rhodes tare da summa cum laude BA a cikin Aikin Jarida, Adabi da Nazarin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Afrilu 1999.
Sana'a
Daga 1999 zuwa 2001, Matambanadzo ya shirya, rubutawa, gyarawa da kuma 156 na mako-mako na KiSwahili, Faransanci da labaran Turanci yana nuna gidan talabijin na Afirka Journal na Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Reuters.
Othmane El Goumri
Mafi kyawun mutum
Waje
Isabella Matambanadzo
Sana'a
Daga shekara ta 2003 zuwa 2007 ta kasance memba a kwamitin babban sakataren MDD mai kula da mata da 'yan mata da cutar kanjamau a Afirka ta Kudu. Ana buga rahotanninta da gudummawarta tare da na sauran membobin a matsayin Facing the Future Tare: Rahoton Kwamitin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan Mata, 'yan mata da HIV/AIDS a Kudancin Afirka.
Othmane El Goumri
Mafi kyawun mutum
Cikin gida
Manazarta
<references group="" responsive="1">
Masa,uda Ibrahim
Masa,uda Ibrahim Yar Agadaz jaruma ce a masana antar fim ta Hausa wato kanniwud, sannan Kuma furodusa ce masana antar fim tayi fina finai da dama a masana antar yanzun take tashe ta. Ta fito a Shirin fim Mai dogon zango na Tashar Arewa 24 Mai suna DADIN KOWA inda ta fito a suna zuby, shine fim din da ya daukaka ta a idon duniya kowa ya San ta.
Isabella Matambanadzo
Sana'a
A cikin 2004 da 2006, Matambanadzo ta kasance mai hira, mai daukar hoto kuma mai bincike ga Dokta Kaori Izumi kan yancin mata da ƙasa da ƙasa a Kudancin Afirka. Ofishin reshen yankin kudanci da gabashin Afrika FAO ne ya wallafa rahoton.
Masa,uda Ibrahim
Takaitaccen Tarihin Ta
Masa,Uda Ibrahim an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan nuwamba a agadaz. Haifaaffiyar kasar nijar ce ta girma acan tayi karatun firamare da sakandiri a garin agadaz. Bayan ta gama ta zo jihar Kano ta shiga masana antar fim ta Hausa wato kanniwud, an Fi sanin ta da yar agadez a masana antar. Fim din da ya Kara fito da ita shine fim din"yar agadez " Wanda darakta aminu Saira ya Bada umarni, Umar S k mazugal yayi furodusin da Kuma nura Umar UK Wanda su kayi a shekarar 2011, tare da jarumi sani danja, Ibrahim maishinku,da Kuma nafisa Abdullahi, shine fim dinta na biyu a masana antar. Tana kwaikwayon salon Tsohuwar jaruma safiya Musa, wacce suka zo suka zama kawaye. Ta shigo masana antar fim a shekarar 2010 ta hannun furodusa Umar S K mazugal. Itace C.E.O na kamfanin Yar Agadez investment.
Isabella Matambanadzo
Sana'a
Daga 2004 zuwa 2009, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na gidan rediyon VOP. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 2006, an kama Matambanadzo da wasu amintattu biyar daga gidan rediyon VOP Zimbabwe bisa zargin yin aiki ba tare da lasisi ba. Ta yi nuni da cewa, an yi hakan ne domin hana yada labarai masu zaman kansu a Zimbabwe. A wancan lokacin, Zimbabwe na fama da rashin kwanciyar hankali a siyasance da cin zarafi da cin mutuncin 'yan jaridu masu zaman kansu. Ba da jimawa ba aka sake su bisa beli kuma aka dage sauraron karar zuwa ranar 25 ga Satumbar 2006, inda a karshe aka janye tuhumar. Matambanadzo da sauran membobi sun fara fafutuka a game da 'yancin 'yan jarida. Don aikinta, an gane ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 11 Front Line Women Defenders Defenders 2007 ta Amnesty International.
Saidi Janko
Saidy Janko (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Oktobar 1995), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a kulob ɗin Bundesliga na VfL Bochum, a matsayin aro daga Real Valladolid. Ko da yake Janko da farko an san shi a matsayin dama-baya, shi ne daidai iya taka leda a ɓangaren dama. An haife shi a ƙasar Switzerland, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa da ƙasa a Switzerland har zuwa matakin ƙasa da shekara 21 kafin ya koma buga wa tawagar ƙasar Gambiya tamaula a babban mataki.
Isabella Matambanadzo
Sana'a
Matambanadzo na ci gaba da taka rawa wajen fafutukar kare hakkin mata da jinsi a yankunan da ake gudun hijira, rashin kasa da kuma hakkin yara. Dangane da batun bautar da zamani, jaridar Financial Gazette (Zimbabwe) ta lura cewa Matambanadzo ya bukaci gwamnati da ta kara matsin lamba ta diflomasiyya a kan Kuwait don yin la'akari da inda duk wata mace 'yar Zimbabwe da aka yi safarar ta zuwa Kuwait. Ta kuma yi kira ga gwamnatin Zimbabwe don ganin mata su samu daidaito a harkokin siyasa.
Saidi Janko
Janko ya fara aikinsa da FC Zürich kafin ya koma Manchester United a shekarar 2013. Bayan lamuni tare da Bolton Wanderers, Janko ya koma kulob ɗin Celtic na Scotland a shekarar 2015. Yana da lamuni ga Barnsley kafin ya koma Saint-Étienne na dindindin a cikin Yulin 2017.
Manchester United
Janko ya fara aikinsa a FC Zürich. Ya koma Manchester United a ranar ƙarshe na canja wurin bazara a shekarar 2013. Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa uku kacal da David Moyes ya yi a lokacin kasuwar musayar rani ta shekarar 2013. A kakarsa ta farko, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Gwarzon Ɗan Wasan Kasuwanci. A ranar 26 Agustan 2014, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar cin kofin League da Milton Keynes Dons, ya buga rabin farko kafin a maye gurbinsa da abokin hamayyarsa Andreas Pereira yayin da United ta yi rashin nasara da ci 4-0.
A ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairu, 2015, ranar ƙarshe na canja wurin, Janko ya shiga ƙungiyar Championship Bolton Wanderers a matsayin aro don sauran kakar wasa, tare da Andy Kellett yana tafiya ta gaba ɗaya na lokaci guda. Ya buga wasansa na farko a kulob ɗin a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, yana farawa a gasar 3-1 da Fulham ta doke a filin wasa na Macron. Ya ketare ya taimaka wa Eiður Guðjohnsen ya rama ƙwallon kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci, kafin ya zura ƙwallo a raga a minti na 80 daga yadi 25.
Buick Riviera
Buick Riviera wata mota ce ta alfarma ta sirri wacce Buick ya tallata daga 1963 zuwa 1999, ban da shekarar ƙirar 1994. Kamar yadda Janar Motors ya fara shiga cikin kasuwar motar alfarma na sirri. Riviera ya sami yabo sosai ta hanyar 'yan jaridu na kera motoci. babban-profile na halarta na farko. Ya kasance ƙirar ƙasa a kan sabon dandalin GM E da aka fara debuting don shekarar ƙirar 1963 kuma ya kasance farkon samfurin Riviera na farko na Buick.
Ba kamar sauran GM E dandali na tsayayye ba, Oldsmobile Toronado da Cadillac Eldorado, Riviera ta kasance farkon injin gaba. / dandamalin tuƙi na baya, yana canzawa zuwa tuƙi na gaba wanda ya fara da shekarar ƙirar 1979.
Franck Atsu
Edem Komlan Franck Atsou (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta 1978 a Lomé ) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Togo wanda ya bugawa Esteghlal Ahvaz ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar Iran Pro League.
Matsayi
Yakan taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan mai tsaron gida.
Aikin kulob
Ya koma kungiyar Aboomoslem ta Iran a shekara ta 2006 kuma ya shafe shekaru 2 tare da su kafin ya koma champion Persepolis a shekarar 2008 inda ya zauna na kaka daya sannan ya koma Esteghlal Ahvaz inda kungiyarsa ta koma mataki na daya.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Ya ci wa Togo wasanni 46, na farko ya zo ne a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba 1996 da Gabon. Ya kasance memba na tawagar Togo a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2006.
Kididdigar sana'ar kulob
Sabuntawar Ƙarshe 1 Yuni 2010
CFA franc Yammacin Afirka
CFA franc na yammacin Afirka ( Faransanci : franc CFA ko kuma kawai franc, ISO 4217 code: XOF ; gajarta: F.CFA ) ita ce kudin da kasashe takwas masu zaman kansu ke amfani da shi a yammacin Afirka wadanda suka hada da Tarayyar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi na Yammacin Afirka (UEMOA; Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine ): Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nijar, Senegal da Togo. Waɗannan ƙasashe takwas suna da jimillar yawan jama'a 105.7 mutane miliyan a cikin 2014, da kuma jimlar GDP na dalar Amurka 128.6 biliyan (kamar na 2018).
Farkon CFA yana nufin Communauté Financière Africaine ("Ƙungiyar Kuɗi na Afirka"). Babban bankin kasashen yammacin Afirka ne ke fitar da kudin (BCEAO; Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest ), wanda yake a Dakar, Senegal, don membobin UEMOA. Ana rarraba franc ɗin zuwa santimita 100 amma ba a taɓa fitar da tsabar kuɗi ko takardun banki da aka ƙididdige su ba. An gudanar da samar da bayanan kuɗi na CFA franc da tsabar kudi a Chamalières ta Bankin Faransa tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1945.
Kudin CFA na Afirka ta Tsakiya yana daidai da darajar CFA ta Afirka ta Yamma, kuma yana yawo a wasu jihohin tsakiyar Afirka. Dukansu ana kiransu da sunan CFA franc.
A watan Disambar 2019 ne aka sanar da cewa, za a sake fasalin kudin CFA na yammacin Afirka, wanda zai hada da canza masa suna da eco da rage rawar da Faransa ke takawa a cikin kudin. Kungiyar bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika (ECOWAS) wacce mambobin kungiyar UEMOA suma mambobi ne, na shirin bullo da nata kudin bai daya ga kasashe mambobinta nan da shekarar 2027, wanda kuma suka amince da sunan eco a hukumance.
Tarihi
An gabatar da kudin CFA ga ƙasashen da Faransa ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a Afirka ta Yamma a shekara ta 1945, wanda ya maye gurbin faransa na yammacin Afirka. Kasashen yammacin Afirka da suke amfani da kudin CFA sun hada da Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Sudan ta Faransa, Mauritania, Nijar, Sénegal, Togo da Upper Volta. An ci gaba da amfani da kudin ne a lokacin da wadannan kasashen da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka suka sami ‘yancin kai, sai dai a kasar Mali (tsohon Sudan ta Faransa), wadda ta maye gurbinsu a daidai da kudin CFA da franc din ta a shekarar 1961.
A cikin 1973, Mauritania ta maye gurbin CFA franc tare da ouguiya a farashin 1 ouguiya = 5 francs. Mali ta karbo kudin CFA a shekarar 1984, a kan kudi 1 CFA franc = 2 francs Malian. Tsohon mulkin mallaka na Portuguese na Guinea-Bissau ya karɓi CFA franc a cikin 1997, ya maye gurbin peso Guinea-Bissau akan ƙimar 1 CFA franc = 65 pesos.
An danganta kudin zuwa Faransa Franc a F.CFA 1 = F 2. daga 1948, ya zama 1 F.CFA = NF 0.02 bayan gabatarwar sabon franc a 1 sabon franc = 100 tsohon francs. A cikin 1994 an rage darajar kudin da rabi zuwa F.CFA 1 = F 0.01. Daga 1999 tun daga lokacin an haɗa shi zuwa Yuro akan €1 = F 6.55957 = F.CFA 655.957
Tsabar kudi
Don tsabar kuɗi da aka buga kafin faran CFA, duba Franc na yammacin Afirka
Daga 1959 gaba, girman girman da abun da ke ciki na tsabar kudi ya canza kadan, duk da haka "Faransa Faransanci" kuma an cire kullun Marianne mai salo daga duk tsabar kudi, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da taken "Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest" tare da zane a kan 1, 5, 10, da 25 francs wanda ke nuna bayanan gazelle, wanda aka ɗauka daga al'amuran mulkin mallaka, da kuma abin rufe fuska na kabilanci tsakanin ɗarikar, wanda ya zama alamar ƙungiyar kuɗi ta Afirka ta Yamma. Nickel-Steel 100 franc tsabar kudi da aka gabatar a 1967, sai kuma cupro-nickel 50 franc tsabar kudi a 1972. Waɗannan kuma sun ƙunshi abin rufe fuska na kabilanci. Ƙananan, tsabar bakin karfe 1 franc an gabatar da su a cikin 1976, tare da maye gurbin manyan tsabar kudi na aluminum 1 franc, kuma an buga su har zuwa 1995. Tsabar kudi na franc 10 da 25 sun ga wani sabon salo a shekarar 1980, wanda ke nuna iyali suna amfani da famfon ruwa da wata budurwa mai kayan aikin sinadarai, bi da bi. An ƙaddamar da tsabar bimetallic 250 franc a cikin 1992 don rage yawan canji. Wadannan tsabar kudi, duk da haka, sun kasance marasa farin ciki a yankuna da yawa kuma an dakatar da su bayan 1996. Duk da haka, har yanzu suna da doka. A cikin 2003, an gabatar da tsabar bimetallic 200 da 500 franc, tare da maye gurbin ƙananan bayanan ƙididdiga. Kamar duk sauran tsabar kudin CFA na yamma, waɗannan sun nuna alamar abin rufe fuska.
Ba kamar wasu tsabar kuɗi na CFA na Afirka ta Tsakiya ba, ba a fitar da tsabar kuɗi na zamani da ke nuna sunayen ƙasashe membobin ɗaya ɗaya, ko wasu haruffa ko alamun alama.
Takardun kuɗi
Lokacin da aka gabatar da CFA franc, bayanin kula da Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique Occidentale ya fitar a cikin ƙungiyoyin 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, da kuma 1,000 francs suna cikin yaduwa. An ƙara 500 franc a cikin 1946, sannan na 5,000 na francs a 1948. A shekara ta 1955, Institut d'Emission de l'AOF et du Togo ta ɗauki nauyin samar da kuɗin takarda, inda ta ba da bayanin kula akan 50, 100, 500, da 1,000 francs.
A shekara ta 1959, BCEAO ta ɗauki nauyin bayar da kuɗin takarda kuma ta sake dawo da takardar kuɗin franc 5,000. Ban da wasu batutuwa na farko, bayanan BCEAO suna ɗauke da wasiƙa don nuna ƙasar da aka fitar. Lambobin haruffan ƙasa sune kamar haka:
Ana amfani da lambobin ƙasar don ganowa da kuma rarraba tsabar kuɗi tsakanin ƙasashen CFA franc, da kuma mayar da takardun banki zuwa ƙasarsu ta asali.