cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Harry Ascroft
Harry Ascroft (an haife shi a shekara ta 1995) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Asturaliya.
Barbados
Barbados ko Babedos (da Turanci: Barbados; da Faransanci: Barbade) ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Amurka. Babban birnin ƙasar Barbados birnin Bridgetown ne. Barbados tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita murabba'i 430. Barbados tana da yawan jama'a 294,560, bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2020. Barbados tsibiri ce a cikin Tekun Karibiyan.
Daga shekara ta 2018, gwamnan ƙasar Barbados Sandra Mason ce. Firaministan ƙasar Barbados Mia Mottley ce daga shekara ta 2018.
Dambe
Dambe fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasan wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar kaddamarwa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu kalubalen kamar karyayyun mukamuki da hakarkari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.
Al'adun masunta ne da gungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi.
Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020.
Yadda ake dambe
A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan.
A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron.
A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya.
Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro.
A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara.
Al-Risalah (Ibn Abi Zayd)
Al-Risalah al-Fiqhiyyah ( الرسالة الفقهية  ) Ne a Ash'ari aqidah da Maliki fiqh littafin da aka rubuta ta hanyar Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (922 - 996 AZ) don koyon addinin Musulunci a kasashen arewacin Afirka.
Gabatarwa
A littafin "Ar-Risala" ne mai Mukhtasar a Maliki fiqh, rubuta da Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani, wanda aka wa lakabi da "Malik al-Saghir" da kuma Sheikh na Malikis a Maghreb, a kan shawarar da ya dalibi Sheikh Mahrez bin Khalaf al-Bakri al-Tunusi al-Maliki (951 - 1022 CE).
Dangane da wannan, Imam Ibn Abi Zaid ya ce, yayin da yake jawabi ga Sheikh Mahrez : Dalilin bayar da shawarar Sheikh Mehrez shi ne abin da Imam Ibn Abi Zayd ya ambata a cikin jawabinsa gare shi kuma:
Manufofi
Al-Risalah, kamar yadda ya tabbata daga kalmomin Ibnu Abi Zaid, littafi ne na ilimin addinin Musulunci da na fikihu, wato, littafin da aka tanada don talib da muridi tare da bayyanar da zamani.
Al-Qayrawani da kansa ya tabbatar da hakan a cikin takaddar Risala yayin da yake cewa:
Abubuwan da ke ciki
Imam al-Qayrawani ya raba littafinsa mai suna "Risalah" zuwa gida biyu:
Richard Hachiro
Richard Hachiro (an haife shi a shekara ta 1998) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a kulob ɗin CAPS da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Zimbabwe.
Kulob
Hachiro ya fara babban aikinsa na kulob din tare da Herentals FC a cikin shekarar 2017. A cikin watan Fabrairu 2020, Hachiro ya koma kulob ɗin CAPS United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba.
Ƙasashen Duniya
Hachiro ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu 2018, ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Winston Mhango a minti na 47 a wasan sada zumunci da Botswana da ci 1-0.
Zuraida Kamaruddin
Datuk Zuraida binti Kamaruddin (Jawi: زريدة بنت قمرالدين; an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1958) ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya taɓa aiki a matsayin Ministan Masana'antu da Kasuwanci a cikin gwamnatin Barisan Nasional (BN) a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Ismail Sabri Yaakob, Ministan Gidaje da Karamar Hukumar sau biyu a cikin gwamnatin Perikatan Nasional (PN) a ƙarƙashin tsohon Firayim Ministan Muhyid Yassin da Pakatan Har (PH) a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsohon Firayim Mista Mahatapan. Ta kasance memba na majalisar (MP) na Ampang daga Maris 2008 zuwa Nuwamba 2022.
Zuraida ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Adalci ta Jama'a (PKR) daga Mayu 2007 zuwa Fabrairu 2020. Ta kasance Shugabar Mata ta PKR daga Mayu 2007 zuwa Nuwamba 2018 sannan mataimakiyar shugaban kasa daga Nuwamba 2018 zuwa Fabrairu 2020 lokacin da ta yi murabus daga jam'iyyar a watan Fabrairun 2020 don shiga Jam'iyyar 'Yan asalin Malaysia (BERSATU) tare da babban abokinta na siyasa, Mataimakin Shugaban PKR da Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki Azmin Ali da 'yan majalisa da yawa da suka haɗa kai da Azmin. Zuraida ta kasance tare da BERSATU kuma ta kasance memba na Majalisar Koli ta BERSATu daga Fabrairu 2020 zuwa Mayu 2022 kafin ta yi murabus don shiga Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM). Ta kasance memba na PBM daga Yuni zuwa Disamba 2022 inda ta kasa sake zabar ta a karkashin tutarsu a babban zaben Malaysia na Nuwamba 2022, inda ta jefa kuri'a kashi 4.4 cikin 100 na masu jefa kuri'u a kujerar majalisa ta Ampang wacce ta rike tun 2008 a matsayin dan takarar PKR.
Ayyukan da ba na siyasa ba
A shekara ta 1998, ta zama mai ba da shawara da horo don ba da shawara ga Petronas, Oriflame, Nutrimetics, da Shinetsu a Texas.
Sauran mukamai sun haɗa da kasancewa memba na Kwamitin Daraktoci na Maahad Tahfiz Az-Zahra, Mai ba da shawara na ALQAS Education & Charity Home, Mai ba le shawara na taimakon jin kai na GEMMA da Ƙungiyar Daliban Malaysia a Yemen. Har ila yau, ita ce ta kafa kuma shugabar WIRDA, Cibiyar Kula da Al'umma wacce ke ba da shawara da kariya ga kungiyoyin da ke cikin bukata ciki har da uwaye marasa aure, matafiya, masu tuba da matasa.
PKR da nasarar babban zaben 2008
Zuraida ta lashe kujerar Ampang a babban zaben 2008 wakiltar PKR, inda ta doke wanda ya riga ta Rozaidah Talib da rinjaye na kuri'u 3,676. Ta samu nasarar kare kujerar a duka zaben 2013 da 2018 tare da karuwar rinjaye.
Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Mata ta PKR kafin Haniza Talha ta gaje ta. An zabe ta ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban jam'iyyar PKR kuma a lokaci guda ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Mata ta Pakatan Harapan har zuwa 24 ga Fabrairu 2020.
Har ila yau, ita ma mai ba da shawara ce ga Cibiyar Kula da Mata ta Selangor (Malay: Institut Wanita Berdaya Selangor, IWB), wani tanki na Gwamnatin Jihar Selangor.
Peggy Ovire
Peggy Ovire Enoho wanda aka fi sani da Peggy ƴar Najeriya ce, mai shirya fina-finai kuma ƴar wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ga “Mafi Alƙawarin Jaruma Na Shekara (Turanci)” a bugun City People Entertainment Awards 2015.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Ovire ta fito ne daga Ughelli a jihar Delta a Najeriya. An haife ta a cikin dangin ƴaƴa shida wanda ita ce ta ƙarshe da iyayenta suka haifa. An haifi Ovire a jihar Legas inda a halin yanzu ta kasance mafi yawan lokutan rayuwarta. Ovire ya halarci makarantar Itire Nursery da Primary School a Surulere da AUD Secondary School wanda kuma ke cikin Surulere a jihar Legas. Ovire ta kammala karatunta na gaba da sakandare ta yi rajista a Jami’ar Jihar Delta, Abraka amma daga karshe za ta kammala a Jami’ar Ambrose Alli inda ta samu digirin farko na Kimiyya a Bankin da Kudi.
Sana'a
Ovire kafin ta fara fitowa a masana'antar fina-finan Najeriya Nollywood, ta fara sana'arta a matsayin abin koyi kamar yadda ta bayyana a wata hira da jaridar The Punch print media house. Ta kuma bayyana fim dinta na farko da Uche Nancy ta shirya. Aikin fim na Ovire ya fito fili tare da rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin mai suna Mazajen Legas. Ovire ta yi ikirarin cewa jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin sun kawo mata shaharar ta kuma ta zama sananne a wajen kasarta ta haihuwa Najeriya.
Shirya fim
Ovire tare da kasancewarsa jarumi kuma abin koyi shima furodusan fim ne kuma ya shirya fina-finai kamar su Ufuoma, Fool Me once da kuma sauran mata.
Zhan, Kurdistan
Zhan ( Persian , kuma Romanized kamar Zhān ; wanda kuma aka sani da Zān da Zheyān )  wani kauye ne a cikin garin Gundumar Bisaran, a cikin Babban Gundumar Sarvabad County, Lardin Kurdistan, Iran. A ƙidayar jama'a a shekara ta 2006, yawan jama'arta yakai kimanin mutane 864, a cikin iyalai 219.
Diffa (sashe)
Diffa sashe ne daga cikin sassan dake a yankin Diffa, na Jamhuriyyar Nijar. Babban birnin sashen shine garin Diffa. Bisaga kidayar 2011, yawan mutane a sashen ya kai 209,249.
Harry Ashby
Harry Ashby (an haife shi a shekara ta 1875 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1926) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Nasiru Ado Bayero
Nasiru Ado Bayero (An haife shi ne a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairu na shekara ta alif dari tara da sittin da hudu (1964) Miladiyya (A.c). kuma shi ne sarki na (2 )na Bichi . Ya hau gadon sarautar ne daga hannun dan uwansa Aminu Ado Bayero wanda aka ambaci sunan sa a matsayin Sarkin Kano   na (15 ),   biyar bayan sauke dan uwansa kuma mai auren kanwarsa Muhammad Sanusi II da Gwamna Abdullahi Umar Ganduje yayi .  Kafin hawan sa kan kujerar sarauta, Bayero Chiroma ne na masarautar Kano kuma hakimin gundumar Nassarawa a lokacin mulkin Muhammad Sanusi II.
Iyali
An haifi Nasiru Ado Bayero a ranar( 2) ga watan Fabrairu shekarar( 1964 )a Kano, da ga marigayi Ado Bayero wanda shi ne Sarkin Kano mafi dadewa a tarihin Kano. Shi ne da na uku ga marigayi Ado Bayero kuma shi ne dan fari da aka haifa a gidan masarautar Kano da aka fi sani da gidan dabo. Ya m Siblings hada Sanusi Ado Bayero da tsohon Chiroma daga shekarar (1990 )zuwa shekarar (2015) wanda ya daga baya ya yi nasara, da kuma Aminu Ado Bayero da 15th Sarkin Kano.
Illimi
Nasiru Ado Bayero ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Kano, daga nanne ya wuce zuwa Jami'ar Maiduguri da ke Jihar Borno don karatun fannin sadarwa wato "Mass Communication" a shekara ta (1987 ), ya kammala karatun Harvard Business School sannan kuma yana da satifiket a harshen Jamusanci a shekara ta ( 1993 ).
Ayyuka
Nasiru Ado Bayero ya samu gogewa wajen aiki tare da Bankin Kasuwancin Nahiyar Afirka, daga baya ya koma Kamfanin Coastal Corporation a Houston, Texas sai kuma Hamlet Investment Ltd London. Shine shugaban kamfanin Enclo Limited da kamfanin 9 Mobile Nigeria.
Titles da alkawari
A ranar( 6 )ga watan mayu shekara ta (1994), an nada Nasir Ado Bayero a matsayin tafidan Kano kuma hakimin Waje daga mahaifinsa marigayi Ado bayaro Sarkin Kano na 13 sannan kuma daga baya ya sauya shi zuwa hakimin karamar hukumar Nassarawa, sannan aka mayar da shi Tarauni a kan wannan matsayin. Ya samu daukaka zuwa Turakin Kano, da kuma Sarkin Dawakin Tsakargida a shekara ta (2000). A shekara ta (2015), Sarkin Kano na 14 Muhammad Sanusi II ya nada shi a matsayin Chiroman Kano.
2021 Italian by-elections
2021 za a gudanar da zaben cike gurbin Italia don maye gurbin membobin majalisar dokokin Italia.
Nasiru Ado Bayero
Shiga
A ranar (9 )ga watan Maris, a shekara ta (2019), Nasiru Ado Bayero ya hau kan karagar mulki bayan an nada dan uwansa Aminu Ado Bayero a matsayin Sarkin Kano na( 15 ).
2021 Italian by-elections
Jerin
Za a gudanar da zabe a yanki na 12 na Tuscany a ranar 31 ga Maris 2021 don maye gurbin Pier Carlo Padoan, wanda ya yi murabus a watan Oktoba na 2020. .
Sanoussi Jackou
Sanoussi Tambari Jackou (an haife shi a shekara ta 1940 ) ɗan siyasar Nijar ne kuma Shugaban Jam’iyyar ta Nijar don Kula da Kai (PNA-Al'ouma). Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Nijar shekarata daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 1994 kuma ya yi aiki a gwamnati a matsayin Ƙaramin Ministan Ilimi Mai zurfi, Bincike, Fasaha, da Hadakar Afirka daga baya a cikin shekarata 1990s. Ya kasance Mataimakin a Majalisar Ƙasa daga shekarar 2004 zuwa 2010.
Rayuwar farko da aikin gwamnati
An haifi Jackou a cikin Kornaka, wanda ke cikin yankin yanzu Dakoro na Yankin Maradi. Mahaifinsa babban Tuareg ne yayin da mahaifiyarsa Hausawa ce. Ya yi aikin gwamnati tun daga shekarar 1970.
Bayan yunkurin juyin mulki da bai yi nasara ba ga gwamnatin Seyni Kountché a ranar 15 ga Maris, 1976, an kame Jackou a ranar 20 ga Maris. An ɗaure shi na tsawon shekaru 11; bayan mutuwar Kountché, an sake shi a ranar Nuwamba 23, 1987. Ya sake komawa aikin gwamnati a watan Maris na shekarar 1988.
Filin jirgin saman Accra
Filin jirgin saman Kotoka ko Filin jirgin saman Accra, shi ne babban filin jirgin sama dake birnin Accra, babban birnin ƙasar Ghana.
Sanoussi Jackou
Jamhuriya ta biyar
PNA-Aloumat ba ta sami kujeru ba a zaben majalisar dokoki na 1999, kuma Jackou ya kasance ɗan adawa ba tare da wakilci a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa ba har tsawon shekaru biyar masu zuwa. A zaben majalisar na watan Disambar 2004, an zabi Jackou ga Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a matsayin dan takara a yankin Maradi ; shi kaɗai ne dan takarar PNA-Aloumat da ya ci kujera. A lokacin – 2009, Jackou ya kasance daga cikin 'yan adawa, yana shiga cikin rukunin majalisar dokoki na Jamhuriyar Nijar ta Demokradiyya da Gurguzu (PNDS). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Tsare-tsare a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa a wancan lokacin na majalisar.
Baya ga takarar kujera a majalisar ƙasa, Jackou ya kuma tsaya takarar kujerar majalisar ƙaramar hukumar Dakoro a 2004.
Jackou yana daya daga cikin wakilai 14 da suka gabatar da korafi a kan gwamnatin Firayim Minista Hama Amadou a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2007. Bayan haka an kayar da gwamnatin Amadou a cikin ƙuri'ar rashin amincewa a ranar 31 ga Mayu. Jackou ya kuma nuna adawa ga zaɓen Seyni Oumarou don maye gurbin Amadou.
Kamar shugabannin PNDS, Jackou ya fito fili ya yi tir da Allah wadai da yunƙurin ƙara wa'adin shugaba Mamadou Tandja zuwa watan Disambar shekarar 2009, lokacin da tun farko aka tsara za a ƙare shi. A wani taron gangami da aka yi a ranar 22 ga Disambar 2008 a Yamai, Jackou ya kira irin wannan yunƙurin a matsayin "mummunan dare" " juyin mulki " daga magoya bayan gwamnati.
Jamhuriya ta shida
Jackou da PNA-Aloumat sun zaɓi shiga cikin zaɓen majalisar dokokin na watan Oktoba na 2009, wanda manyan jam'iyyun adawa suka ƙaurace masa. A wata hira da aka yi a watan Agusta na shekara ta 2009, Jackou ya bayyana cewa PNA-Aloumat sun yanke shawarar shiga ne saboda yin hakan ya zama dole "don tabbatar da wanzuwar jam'iyyarmu"; ya ce shiga cikin zabe yana da mahimmanci ga manufar jam'iyyar siyasa kuma ba shi da sha'awar jagorantar jam'iyyar da ba ta shiga zabuka. Ya buga misali da ƙauracewar da ‘yan adawa suka yi a zaben majalisar dokoki na 1996, wanda ya ce kuskure ne. Duk da shawarar da ya yanke na shiga zaben, Jackou ya ce a cikin wannan hira cewa jam'iyyarsa ba ta rabu da manyan 'yan adawa ba. Game da zaben raba gardama na tsarin mulki a watan Agusta na 2009, Jackou ya ce ya goyi bayan matsawa zuwa tsarin shugaban kasa na gwamnati, yana mai cewa ya dade yana son irin wannan tsarin, amma yana sukar wasu sauye-sauyen tsarin mulki; ya ce majalisar dattijan da ake shirin kafawa ba za ta yi amfani da wata manufa mai mahimmancin doka ba kuma za ta jinkirta yin doka ne kawai, yayin batar da kuɗi.
Tsayawa a matsayin dan takarar PNA-Aloumat, an sake zaɓar Jackou a Majalisar Wakilai ta Kasa a watan Oktoba na 2009; ya sake kasancewa dan takarar PNA-Aloumat daya tilo da ya ci kujera. Majalisar kasa ta fara ganawa don sabon wa'adin majalisa a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, kuma Jackou ya jagoranci taron farko saboda matsayinsa na tsohon Mataimakin Mataimakin Majalisar. A jawabinsa na bude taron, Jackou ya bayyana sabuwar majalisar dokokin kasar a matsayin mafi kyau da Nijar ta taba yi, yayin da ya kuma jaddada mahimmancin aikin majalisar dokokin: “Ba mu da wani gefe na kuskure. Mu wakilai ne na gaske na mutane kuma muna fuskantar babban kalubale. " Kodayake al'adar za ta kasance mafi tsufa mataimaki ( président du Bureau d'âge ) da ke shugabanci na ɗan gajeren lokaci kaɗan kafin Majalisar Dokoki ta zaɓi Shugaban ƙasa don jagorantar aikinta, Jackou ya ce, saboda an ƙaddamar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki tun a baya wa'adin majalisa, ya zama wajibi na farko ga Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa ta tsara tare da daukar sabbin ka'idojin cikin gida wadanda zasu dace da sabon tsarin tsarin mulki. Sakamakon haka, wakilai tara, gami da Jackou, an zaɓi su zauna a wani kwamiti na wucin gadi wanda aka ba shi alhakin tsara sabbin ka'idojin cikin gida.
Sakamakon da aka samu na dokokin cikin gida na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya samu karbuwa ne ta hanyar jefa kuri'a. Jackou ya shugabanci na karshe a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 2009, lokacin da wakilan suka zabi Seyni Oumarou a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Ƙasa. Oumarou ya yaba wa Jackou saboda "kwazo" da ya nuna wajen jagorantar taron farko. Jim kaɗan bayan haka, lokacin da aka kafa kwamitocin dindindin na Majalisar ,asa, an sake nada Jackou a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Tsare-tsare.
Babban cocin Enda Mariam, Asmara
Siffantarwa
Cocin (a cikin tsarin katako mai sauƙi) ya kasance a Asmara tun ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. A farkon 1930s, gwamnan Italia na Asmara ya ba da umarnin ƙirƙirar ingantaccen tsari tare da kayan gini na zamani kuma ƙarƙashin kulawar masu zanen Italiya.
Sanoussi Jackou
Jamhuriya ta shida
A cikin zaɓuka cikin gida da aka gudanar a ranar 27 ga Disambar 2009, an zabi Jackou a matsayin kansila na birni a Dakoro. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairun 2010, an hambarar da Shugaba Tandja a <i id="mwfA">juyin mulkin soja</i>. Wata gwamnatin da aka kira Majalisar koli don maido da dimokiradiyya (CSRD) ta karɓi mulki kuma nan take ta rusa Majalisar Dokoki, tare da sauran cibiyoyin gwamnati.
Jackou ya goyi bayan takarar Mahamadou Issoufou a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Janairu – Fabrairu 2011, yana mai bayyana cewa "lokaci ya yi da Mahamadou Issoufou zai jagoranci Nijar". Issoufou ya lashe zaɓen; bayan ya hau mulki a matsayin Shugaban kasa, ya nada Jackou a matsayin Mashawarci na Musamman ga Shugaban ƙasa, tare da mukamin Minista, a ranar 20 ga Afrilun 2011.
Babban cocin Enda Mariam, Asmara
Siffantarwa
Dukansu manyan bangarorin biyu da kuma manyan hasumiyar murabba'i masu kangado wadanda suka tallafeta an gina su ne a cikin wasu yadudduka na tubali da dutse, suna yin kwatankwacin yadudduka na itace da dutse na gine-ginen Aksumite, dabarar da aka yi amfani da ita tsawon ƙarnika a tsaunukan Eritriya. An sanya katako masu goyan bayan katako a cikin waɗannan gine-ginen "taken biri".
Sanoussi Jackou
Jamhuriya ta shida
A taron PNA-Aloumat karo na biyar a watan Fabrairun 2014, an sake zaɓar Jackou a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar.
Babban cocin Enda Mariam, Asmara
Siffofin da suka gabata
A bayanansa na ziyarar da Eritrea da gwamnatin Italia, Ferdinando Martini ta aika zuwa Eritrea a 1891 bisa laákari da irin halin rashin mutuncin da yake da shi game da duk al 'amuran da suka shafi Abisiniya na asali, ya bayyana cocin da ke Asmara a lokacin da ba shi da mutunci kamar na bukkoki na ciyawa a gonakin Italiyanci. Buga na huɗu (1896) na littafinsa ya haɗa da hoto na cocin, tsawonsa ya kai mita bakwai, tare da bangon gargajiyar "kan biri" da rufin soro wanda ƙarancin katangar ta goyi bayan abin da yake gaban bangon.
Sanoussi Jackou
Matsayin siyasa
Jackou, wanda mahaifinsa Buzaye ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Hausawa, ya nuna kulawa ta musamman game da rikicin Abzinawan Nijar da wasu kungiyoyi. An ambato shi a cikin maye gurbin wakilai na 2005 don rufe ci gaba da kasancewar bautar a cikin al'umma da kuma iƙirarin wasu wakilai sun riƙe bayi.
A wata muhawara da aka nuna a gidan talabijin ta 2007, ya yi gargadin cewa 'yan adawar majalisar ma sun yi adawa da ƴan tawayen Abzinawa na MNJ: "Ina faɗin haka ga masu tayar da kayar baya: ku kula, sojojin dimokiradiyya ba sa tare da ku kamar yadda suke a shekarun 1990."
Babban cocin Enda Mariam, Asmara
Siffofin da suka gabata
Wani hoto na 1922 na cocin da hasumiyoyinsa guda biyu a cikin sifarsu ta 1920 ya nuna cewa a lokacin ba shi da wata alama ta zamani, ta Turai.
Sanoussi Jackou
Matsayin siyasa
Jackou ya fito fili yana sukar rashin hukunta waɗanda suka kashe Shugaba Baré a juyin mulkin watan Afrilun 1999.
Babban cocin Enda Mariam, Asmara
Sauran manyan gine-ginen addini
Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren tarihi na addini guda uku a cikin garin, sauran kuma sune: Cocin Uwargidanmu na Rosary da kuma Babban Masallacin Kulafah Al Rashidan.
Sanoussi Jackou
Matsayin siyasa
A matsayina na mataimaki daga wata ƙaramar jam’iyya, Jackou ya kasance mai himma wajen aiwatar da dokar sake fasalin kada kuri’a, yana goyon bayan gabatar da kuri’a guda daya don zabukan shekarar 2009, amma kuma yana ba da shawarar yin watsi da dokokin da ke bukatar iya harshen Faransanci tsakanin ‘yan takara, da kuma tallafawa jerin sunayen‘ yan kasa guda daya ga wasu Kujerun majalisar.
Babban cocin Enda Mariam, Asmara
Bukin shekara-shekara
Ana yin bikin Nigdet na cocin (bikin addini) na Maryamu a ranar 30 Nuwamba (1 ga Disamba idan shekara mai zuwa ta Miladiyya shekara ce ta tsalle).
Sanoussi Jackou
Mai latsawa
Jackou kuma yana da jaridar mako-mako da ke Niamey, La Roue de l'Histoire. A ranar 18 ga Mayu 2002, aka kama shi, tare da mawallafin jaridar, saboda kalaman da ke sukar Firayim Minista Hama Amadou, da kuma maganganun da aka yi wa Ministan Kasuwanci Seini Oumarou. Daga karshe aka yankewa Jackou hukuncin daurin watanni huɗu, hukuncin tarar CFA 100,000, kuma an tilasta wa jaridar biyan diyyar CFA miliyan 2 ga jami’an biyu.
A watan Disambar 2004, an sake kame Jackou saboda "tsokanar ƙabilanci" a lokacin da ya bayyana a wani shirin tattaunawa a rediyo, sai kawai aka sake shi a ranar 9 ga Janairun 2005. Jackou ya yi aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani tsakanin ƙungiyoyin farar hula karkashin jagorancin Hadin gwiwar Inganta inganci da daidaito kan tsadar rayuwa, nuna adawa da karin harajin amfani, da gwamnati a watan Afrilun 2005.
Rayuwar mutum
Jackou da matarsa Françoise suna da yara mata huɗu. Babbar, Rakiatou Kaffa-Jackou Minista ce a gwamnatin Najeriya, sannan wani, Guimbia, ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamnan Yamai.
Yala
Yala haramar hukuma ce dake a Jihar Cross River a shiyar kudu maso kudancin Nijeriya.
Yakuur
Yakuur haramar hukuma ce dake a Jihar Cross River a shiyar kudu maso kudancin Nijeriya. Babban birninta shine garin Ugep. An ƙirƙiri ƙaramar hukumar (LGA) daga ƙaramar hukumar Obubra a shekarar 1987.
Manyan matsugunai a karamar hukumar sun haɗa da: Ugep, Mkpani, Idomi, Ekori, Inyima, Nko, Assiga, Agoi Ibami, Agoi Ekpo, da Agoi Efreke.
Dokar Kwadago ta Najeriya
Tarihi
• Dokar Aiki, 2004
• Dokar Masana'antu, 2004
• Dokar fansho, 2004
• Dokar Rigingimun Ciniki, 2004
• Dokar da Aka Gyara a Kungiyar Kwadago, 2005
• Dokar Biyan Ma'aikata, 2010
• Dokar Mafi qarancin Albashi, 2011
• Dokar garambawul ta fansho, 2014.
Fansho
Dokar fansho ta shekara ta 2004 ta kafa tsarin fansho na ba da gudummawa ga mutanen da ke aiki a ma'aikatun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu na Najeriya. Adadin da za a ba da gudummawa ga fansho ya zama kashi 7% na albashin ma'aikaci. Hakanan ya bayyana cewa idan ma’aikaci ya mutu cewa dangi na gaba shi ne karbar fansho da duk wata fa’ida daga tsarin inshorar rayuwarsu. A cikin aikin, yana bawa ma'aikatan da suka yi ritaya damar karɓar fa'idodin ritaya.
Bar
A karkashin dokar da aka zartar a shekara ta 2004, kowane ma'aikaci yana da izinin hutun kwana ashirin da daya bayan ya yi aiki na tsawon watanni goma sha biyu na ci gaba da aiki kuma game da mutanen da ke ƙasa da shekaru 16 shekarun 12. Banda wannan dokar shine batun da ma'aikaci da ma'aikaci suka yarda da tsawaita lokacin samun izinin hutu daga watanni 12 zuwa watanni 24, amma bai fi watanni 24 ba. Hakanan ma'aikata suna da har zuwa kwanaki 12 na biyan bashin hutun rashin lafiya a kowace shekara inda aka bar ma'aikaci barin aikinsa muddin likita mai rajista ya tabbatar da cutar (Adesegun-Smith, 10-11). Mace kuma tana da damar hutun haihuwa idan dai har ta ba da rubutacciyar takardar shaidar likita daga likitan da ke nuna cewa bai kamata ba ko ba za ta iya aiki ba. Takardar shaidar likita ta ba wa mace damar yin aiki na kimanin makonni shida kafin haihuwar jaririnta da makonni shida bayan haihuwar jaririnta. Tana kuma bin aƙalla kashi 50% na albashinta na yau da kullun muddin tana aiki har na tsawon watanni shida. An kuma ba ta damar karin hutun minti biyu da nufin kula da danta.
Sufuri
Dokar kwadago ta samar da sufuri ga ma'aikata a cikin yanayin da zasu wuce 16 km. A wannan yanayin, maigidan zai iya ba da sufuri kyauta. Hakanan ya zama tilas cewa abin hawa yana cikin yanayi mai kyau, tsafta, kuma ba cunkushewa ba.
Asusun Gidaje na Kasa
A karkashin Dokar Najeriya, ma’aikatan da ke yin sama da fam 3,000 dole ne su ma su ba da kashi 2.5% na albashin su ga Asusun Gidaje na Kasa, wanda ke karkashin kulawar Babban Bankin Mortgage na Najeriya. Duk kamfanin da ya kasa cire kashi 2.5% daga cikin cakin albashi na mai aiki zai iya fuskantar tarar ₦ 50,000.
Minarewa
Dokar Aiki ta shekara ta 2004 ta ba da izinin kananan hanyoyi daban-daban da za a iya dakatar da ma'aikata. Hanya ta farko ita ce idan mutuwar ma'aikaci ya mutu. Na biyu shi ne cewa kowane ɓangare na iya dakatar da kwangilar aikin muddin aka ba ɗayan sanarwa. Adadin sanarwar da aka bayar yana zuwa kamar haka: sanarwar rana ta kwangila wacce tayi kasa da watanni uku, sanarwar mako guda ga kwangilar da ta dauki sama da watanni uku amma kasa da shekaru biyu, makonni biyu na kwangilar da ke da ya wuce fiye da shekaru biyu amma ƙasa da shekaru biyar, da wata ɗaya don kwangilar da ta ɗauki fiye da shekaru biyar. Hakanan a cikin yarjejeniyar kwangilar, duk biyan mafi akasarin ana biyan ma'aikaci ne kafin kwantiraginsa ya kare.
Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mambilla
Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mambilla, wani aikin samar da wutar lantarki ne mai karfin 3,050 MW wanda ke ƙarƙashin bunƙasa wutar lantarki a tarayyar Najeriya. Idan aka kammala, zai zama mafi girman shigarwar da ake samarwa a cikin kasar, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a Afirka.
Wuri
Tashar wutar lantarkin tana cikin Kauyen Kakara, a jihar Taraba, Najeriya. Wannan yana kusa da garin Gembu, kusa da kan iyaka da garin Kamaru. Tashar wutar tana zaune a hayin Kogin Donga, kuma ta kunshi madatsun ruwa guda hudu da kuma gidajen wuta biyu na karkashin kasa. Gembu yana da kusan kilomita 413 km, ta kan hanya, kudu maso gabas na Wukari, babban gari mafi kusa, duk a cikin jihar Taraba.
Bayanai
An gina shi a cikin shekara ta 1982, babban madatsar Mambilla babbar madatsar ruwa ce mai ƙanƙara da kuma tafki a 1300 m sama da matakin teku. Daga wannan madatsar ruwa, ana karkatar da ruwa daga tafkin zuwa bangaren yamma na tsaunin ta hanyar ramuka masu amfani da ruwa guda hudu (4) wadanda suka kai 33 km, ƙananan dam 4 ne suka kama, (a) Nya (b) Sum Sum (c) Nghu da (d) Api Weir.
Ci gaba
A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta 2017, Majalisar zartarwa ta Tarayya (FEC) ta amince da bayar da kwangilar ginin ga wata gamayyar da ta hada da:
(a) Kamfanin Gezhouba
(b) Sinohydro da
(c) CGCOC Group.
An tsara aikin dasa wutar lantarkin na Mambilla na sama da shekaru 40. Ana sa ran haduwa da madatsun ruwa guda hudu a fadin Kogin Donga. An bayar da rahoton binciken farko na yiwuwar samar da wutar na Mambilla Hydropower plant wanda Moto Columbus ya gudanar a shekara ta 1972, amma yunkurin gina tashar wutar har ya zuwa yanzu bai yi nasara ba.
Kudade
Jimlar kudin aikin an yi kasafin kudi a kan dalar Amurka biliyan 5.8. Bankin Exim na kasar Sin ya amince zai ba da rancen kashi 85 (Dalar Amurka biliyan 4.93) don ginin. Za'a biya kudaden kai tsaye ga kungiyar hadin gwiwar a wasu bangarori, yayin da aikin ke cigaba da gudana. Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya ta kuduri aniyar bayar da gudummawar kashi 15 cikin 100 (Dalar Amurka miliyan 870) na kudin ginin.
Gina
A watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2017, an yi ƙoƙarin fara ginin wannan tashar wutar lantarki. Ko yaya, saboda matsaloli daban-daban, gami da zaizayar ƙasa, da kuma karar da aka shigar a Kotun sasanta rikicin duniya, aikin ya sake tsayawa cak. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2020, bayan ƙudurin ƙarar, an yi sabbin yunƙuri na cigaba da ginin.
Ana sa ran gini zai dauki a kalla shekaru bakwai 7 daga farawa zuwa karshen gama aiki duka, saboda yanayin fasahar aikin. Kwanan wata da za'a iya cikawa ta gaskiya shine a shekara ta 2030.
Tada kura
A dai-dai lokacin da ake tsammanin gama akin wutar lantarakin na mambila. wani rahoto da BBC Hausa ta fitar ya tayar da kura, inda rahoton ya bayyana ba’a fara aikin wutar ba, fiye da shekara arba`in da fara maganar ai`watar da aikin wutar lantarkin ta mambila.
Sauran la'akari
Ana sa ran gina wannan tashar wutar lantarki zai samar da ayyuka na wucin gadi da na dindin 50,000. Za'a sayar da wutar da aka samar ne ga Kamfanin Sadarwa na Najeriya, wanda zai watsa shi zuwa wurare biyu, inda za a hada shi da wutar lantarki ta Najeriya;
(a) layin watsa wutar lantarki mai karfin 330kV daya mai girma zai hadu da Jalingo sai kuma layukan tura wutar lantarki mai karfin 330kV mai hazo biyu zai hadu zuwa Makurdi Dukkanin sabbin tsarin tura wutar lantarki 700 km.
Willington, South Carolina
Willington wuri ne da aka keɓe (CDP) a cikin gundumar McCormick, South Carolina, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 177 a ƙidayar 2000.
Tarihi
Gidan Calhoun-Gibert da Gidan Guillebeau an jera su akan Rijistar Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa.
Geography
Willington yana nan a33.96833°N, -82.45333°W (33.968197, -82.453232).
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, CDP tana da yawan yanki na 6.0 sqmi, wanda daga ciki 6.0 sqmi   ƙasa ce kuma 0.04 sqmi   (0.67%) ruwa ne.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 177, gidaje 68, da iyalai 43 da ke zaune a cikin CDP. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 29.6 a kowace murabba'in mil (11.4/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 80 a matsakaicin yawa na 13.4/sq mi (5.2/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na CDP ya kasance 15.25% Fari, 82.49% Ba'amurke da kashi 2.26% na Asiya.
Akwai gidaje 68, daga cikinsu kashi 25.0% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 41.2% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 22.1% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 35.3% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 33.8% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma 14.7% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.60 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.41.
A cikin CDP, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 25.4% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 10.7% daga 18 zuwa 24, 25.4% daga 25 zuwa 44, 24.3% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 14.1% waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko kuma mazan. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 38. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 96.7. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 100.0.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin CDP shine $31,429, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na iyali shine $33,750. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $35,227 sabanin $21,250 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na CDP shine $14,057. Babu daya daga cikin iyalai da kashi 7.0% na yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a kasa da layin talauci.
Ƙididdigar 2010
Yawan jama'ar CDP a shekarar 2010 ya kai 142. 85.92% na CDP Bakar fata ne ko Ba'amurke ne kuma kashi 14.08% fari ne. Babu wanda ya kasance dan Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila.
Harry Aston (1855)
Harry Aston (an haife a shekara ta 1855 - ya mutu bayan shekara ta 1914), shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Ka'idodin Jagora na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Kasuwanci da 'Yancin Dan Adam
UNGPs sun kunshi ginshikai guda uku wadanda suka bayyana yadda yakamata jihohi da kasuwanci su aiwatar da tsarin:
Tarihi
UNGPs sun zo ne sakamakon kokarin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi shekaru da dama na kirkirar mizanin 'yancin dan adam na duniya ga' yan kasuwa. A farkon shekarun 1970, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki ta bukaci Sakatare Janar ya kirkiro wani kwamiti don yin nazari kan tasirin kamfanonin kasashen duniya (TNCs) kan ayyukan ci gaba da alakar kasashen duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kirkiro Hukumar kan Hukumomin Kasa da Kasa a shekarar 1973, da nufin samar da tsarin gudanar da aiki na TNCs. Aikin Hukumar ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon shekarun 1990, amma kungiyar daga karshe ta kasa amincewa da lambar da za a iya yarda da ita saboda sabani iri-iri tsakanin kasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa. An rushe kungiyar a cikin 1994. Muhawara game da nauyin kasuwanci dangane da haƙƙin ɗan adam ya zama sananne a cikin 1990s, yayin da kamfanonin mai, gas, da kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai suka faɗaɗa zuwa yankuna masu wahala, kuma yayin da al'adar samar da kaya daga waje ba cikin sutura da takalmi ta jawo hankali ga matalauta masu aiki yanayi a cikin sassan duniya. Yawo daga waɗannan damuwar an ƙirƙiri wasu manyan abubuwa guda biyu.
A watan Agusta 1998, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ingantawa da Kare 'Yancin Dan Adam ya kafa Rukunin Aiki a kan Hukumomin Kasashen Duniya. Hakanan kungiyar Aiki tayi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi don haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin ɗan adam na hukumomi. Zuwa 2003 sun kammala rubutun ƙarshe na "msa'idodi kan Hakkokin ofungiyoyin andasashe da Sauran Enteran Kasuwa game da 'Yancin Dan Adam" (Ka'idodin). Yayin da Ka'idoji suka sami tallafi daga wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kamar Cibiyar Turai ta Uku (CETIM) ko Amnesty International, daftarin ya gamu da babbar adawa daga bangaren kasuwanci, kuma Hukumar kare hakkin dan adam a karshe ta yanke hukunci a 2004 cewa tsarin ba shi da wata doka tsaye.
A shekara ta 2005, a yunƙurin shawo kan rarrabuwar kawuna game da haƙƙin haƙƙin ɗan adam na kasuwanci, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta nemi nadin wakili na musamman na Sakatare-Janar (SRSG) kan batun haƙƙin ɗan adam da TNCs. A watan Yulin 2005, an nada farfesa Harvard John Ruggie a wannan matsayin na farkon shekaru biyu wanda daga nan aka kara shi zuwa karin shekara. A shekara ta 2008, bayan kammala aikinsa na farko na shekaru uku, Ruggie ya gabatar da kwamitin kare hakkin bil adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tare da tsarin "Kare, Mutuntawa da kuma Magani" a matsayin hanya mai ma'ana don karfafa tattaunawar. Wannan tsarin ya fayyace aikin da Jiha ta ke da shi na karewa daga cin zarafin bil adama da ya shafi kasuwanci, da nauyin da ke kan kamfanoni na mutunta hakkin dan adam, da kuma bukatar karfafa hanyoyin samun dacewa da ingantattun magunguna ga wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin bil adama. Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ya yi maraba da rahoton Ruggie kuma ya tsawaita aikinsa har zuwa shekara ta 2011 tare da aikin "aiki da aiki" da "inganta" tsarin. Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ya nemi Ruggie da ya ba da shawarwari na zahiri kan yadda jihar za ta iya hana cin zarafin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, don yin karin bayani kan girman nauyin da ke kan kamfanoni, da kuma bincika zaɓuɓɓuka don ingantattun magunguna waɗanda ake samu ga waɗanda ayyukan kamfanoni ke shafar haƙƙin ɗan adam. A cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa, Ruggie ya gudanar da shawarwari masu yawa tare da kungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki ciki har da gwamnatoci, 'yan kasuwa, da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Ruggie yayi niyyar ƙirƙirar "mahimmin matsayi wanda tunanin 'yan wasan zai iya haɗuwa—wani tsari wanda ya fayyace nauyin da ya dace da 'yan wasan, kuma ya samar da tushe wanda tunani da aiki za su iya ginawa a kan lokaci ". Aikin Ruggie ya haifar da Ka'idodin Gudanar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Kasuwanci da 'Yancin Dan Adam, wanda ya gabatar da shi ga Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam a watan Yunin 2011. Ruggie ya ce,"Gudummawar ka'idojin Ka'idodin Jagora baya cikin ƙirƙirar sabbin wajibai na dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa amma don ƙarin bayani game da tasirin ƙa'idodin da ayyukan da ake da su ga jihohi da kasuwanci; haɗa su cikin tsari guda ɗaya, mai ma'ana kuma mai cikakken tsari; da gano inda tsarin mulki na yanzu ya gaza da yadda za a iya inganta shi."
Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam gaba daya ya amince da Ka'idodin Jagora, don haka ya kirkiri matakin farko na duniya kan wannan batun.
A watan Yunin 2011, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta zartar da kuduri mai lamba 17/4, ta amince da karshen wa'adin Ruggie a matsayin SRSG kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da TNCs da Sauran Masana'antu, kuma gabaɗaya ya amince da Ka'idodin Jagora wanda ya sanya su zama matattarar isharar duniya game da kasuwanci da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Allyari, Majalisar ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki don mai da hankali kan yaɗuwar duniya da aiwatar da Prina'idodin Jagora. OHCHR tana ba da tallafi mai gudana da shawarwari ga theungiyar Aiki, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun masana biyar masu zaman kansu, na daidaitaccen wakilcin yanki, na tsawon shekaru uku. Membobin Rukunin Aikin Yanzu sune Michael Addo, Alexandra Guaqueta, Margaret Jungk, Puvan Selvanathan, da Pavel Sulyandziga. Taro na farko kan Kasuwanci da 'Yancin Dan Adam ya gudana a ranar 4 zuwa 5 ga Disamba, 2012, a Geneva, Switzerland.
== Ginshikan uku ==
Hakkin Jiha na kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
Rukunin farko na Ka'idodin Jagora shine aikin jihar don karewa daga keta haƙƙin bil adama ta hanyar tsarawa, tsara manufofin, bincike, da aiwatarwa. Wannan ginshiƙi ya sake tabbatar da abubuwan da ake da su a halin yanzu a ƙarƙashin dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya, kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin sanarwar 1948 ta Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam.
Batutuwa a yankunan da rikici ya shafa
Yankin da ya kasance abin dubawa sosai a ƙarƙashin ginshiƙi na farko shi ne dangane da tallafawa mutunta kasuwanci na haƙƙin ɗan adam a yankunan da ke fama da rikici a ƙarƙashin jagorancin 7. Batun farko da ya bayyana game da wannan ƙa'idar ita ce fassarar kalmar "yankunan da rikici ya shafa". SRSG tayi amfani da wannan kalmomin don nuna niyyar faɗaɗa ƙa'idodin ɗaukar hoto fiye da ma'anar rikice-rikicen makamai a cikin dokar agaji ta duniya. Lokacin bayyana aikin ka'idar 7, dole ne a ba da la'akari ga iyakokin ma'anar sassauƙa waɗanda UNGP, a matsayin kayan aikin doka mai laushi, ke aiki da kuma mahimmancin tushen ka'idar. Inda batun tare da fassarar ka'ida ta 7 ta kasance game da wane irin rikici ne za'a bar shi daga ka'idar.
Wani yanki na rashin tabbas wanda ya kasance shine alaƙar da ke tsakanin 'mummunan zagi' da 'yankunan da rikici ya shafa' wanda ke tasiri kai tsaye kan zartar da ƙa'idar 7 ga manyan laifuka a cikin yankunan rikici wanda ke buƙatar jihohin ƙasashe su yi tasiri ga kamfanonin da ke aiki a yankin. Babban cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam na faruwa ne a yankunan rikici, da yankunan da ba a samun rikici, kamar a cikin Statesasashe masu taurin kai da mulkin kama-karya. Tambayar da aka sani a nan ita ce ko ƙa'ida ta 7 ta shafi manyan cin zarafi a yankunan da ba sa fama da rikici. Bugu da ƙari, ƙa'idar 7 tana da aikace-aikace iri ɗaya a duk faɗin dimokiradiyya, masu iko, da Statesannun ƙasashe inda ake cin zarafin da suka samo asali yayin rikice-rikice ko kuma ƙa'idodin aikace-aikacen da ke dogaro da losingasar da rasa ikonsu akan yankinta.
Batutuwa tare da samun dama ga magungunan gida
Batun da aka gabatar tare da ginshiƙi na uku na Ka'idodin Jagora shine ƙalubalen samar da magunguna masu inganci ga waɗanda abin ya shafa, musamman tare da maganin shari'a ga waɗanda ke fama da hukumomin ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke aiki a sama da jiha ɗaya. Ruggie ya lura da cewa Ka'idojin Jagora sun fi tasiri wajen gano rashin isashshen damar samun hanyar shari'a fiye da gyara shi. Ya isar da cewa inda ka'idojin da ke jagorantar suka yi karanci shi ne cewa sun dukufa ne don gano matsalolin da kuma karfafa Jihohi don shawo kansu, amma sun kasa tabbatar da hakan a aikace. Ka'idodin Jagora sun kasa fahimtar rashin daidaiton iko dangane da albarkatu da bayanai tsakanin wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin kamfanoni da kuma kamfanonin kansu. Wani batun kuma ya shafi Sharhi ne ga Ka'idar Jagora ta 2 wacce ta bayar da cewa "an yarda wa jihohin gida" da su dauki matakan tabbatar da samun magunguna. Wannan harshe ya sha suka mai yawa saboda rashin kunya da rashin fahimta inda wadanda ke cin zarafinsu ta hanyar manyan kamfanoni na yau da kullun ke fuskantar cikas na hanyoyin da ba za a iya magance su ba don magance su a cikin kasar da ke karbar bakuncin kuma ba su da wani waje da za su nemi taimako. Anan Ka'idodin Jagora sun kasa bayar da takamaiman jagora kan yadda za a bi hanyoyin da za a bi don magance matsalolin jihohin gida kuma sun kasa yin bayani dalla-dalla kan 'gibin shugabanci' don taimakawa jihohin cikin gida don aiwatar da hanyoyin tabbatar da kamfanoninsu ba su keta hakkin bil'adama a kasashen waje. Bugu da kari, masu sharhi sun kuma nuna damuwa game da nuna karfi kan hanyoyin da ba na shari'a ba da kuma hanyoyin son rai wadanda ba su bai wa wadanda abin ya shafa damar samun kariya daga cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam da ya shafi kasuwanci. Abin da aka ba da shawara shi ne cewa Ka'idodin Jagora ya kamata su kafa cikakkun magunguna waɗanda ke ɗaure doka da dacewa da haƙƙin haƙƙin ɗan adam na jihohi da 'yan kasuwa a cikin jihar mai karɓar bakunci da ƙasa ta asali. Ingantaccen localarfin gida shine zaɓin da aka fi so don tabbatar da samun damar gama gari ga magungunan shari'a a cikin dogon lokaci.
Amsawa da aiwatarwa
UNGPs sun sami karɓuwa da tallafi daga jama'a da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kuma kamfanoni da yawa sun bayyana goyon bayansu a bainar jama'a. Misali, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya "goyi bayan" UNGPs sosai, yana kiran su "tushe da sassauƙa ga kamfanoni kamar namu", kuma General Electric ya rubuta cewa UNGPs "sun taimaka wajen fayyace bambancin matsayi da nauyi na jihohi da cibiyoyin kasuwanci a wannan yankin" kuma cewa "babu shakka za su zama fitila mai dorewa ga kamfanonin kasuwanci da ke neman (don) bunkasa ayyukansu da samfur bayarwa yayin girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam ". Har ila yau, UNGPs sun gamu da suka, musamman daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kare hakkin dan adam irin su Human Rights Watch, wadanda ke jayayya da cewa rashin tsarin aiwatar da aiki, “ba za su iya bukatar kamfanoni da su yi komai ba kwata-kwata. Kamfanoni na iya ƙin ƙa'idodin kwata-kwata ba tare da sakamako ba-ko kuma su rungume su a bainar jama'a alhali ba su yin komai don aiwatar da su.
UNGPs sun kirkiro darussan ga dokar kasa da kasa, musamman game da rawar da wadanda ba ‘yan jihar ba suke takawa a dokar kasa da kasa da mahimmancin mahimman hanyoyin samun doka. Nasarar UNGPs na iya kasancewa sanadin rawar da 'yan wasan da ba na Gwamnati suka taka ba, musamman a wannan yanayin, neman' yan kasuwa. Abin da tasirin UNGPs yake nunawa shine ci gaban ƙa'idodin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa kamar waɗanda suka shafi diflomasiyya da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa za su ci gaba da samun gudummawa daga masu rawar Jiha. Koyaya, ci gaba a yankuna kamar dokar tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da dokar muhalli ta ƙasa da ƙasa wacce ke tasiri kai tsaye ga actorsan wasan da ba na Stateasa ba, na iya buƙatar wata hanya daban daga tsarin al'adun gargajiyar gargajiyar kuma zana daga abubuwan lura da abubuwan da ake yi na waɗanda ba 'yan jihar ba idan dokoki masu inganci. ne da za a halitta a cikin wadannan yankunan.
Kayan aiki ne mai ɗauke da doka
Duk da tallafi daga jama'a da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, wasu masu ruwa da tsaki sun yi tambaya kan ko UNGPs sun kafa kyakkyawan misali ga harkokin kasuwanci, suna jayayya cewa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya kamata su sami "wajibi" don fahimtar hakkoki, maimakon kawai "nauyi". Sauran sun ce UNGPs suna buƙatar babban tsarin aiwatar da lissafi wanda zai iya sanya tsarin aiwatar da doka. Magoya baya, duk da haka, suna kare UNGPs don ƙirƙirar yarjejeniya sosai fiye da kowane ƙoƙari na baya don ƙirƙirar kasuwancin duniya-haƙƙin ɗan adam.