cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sare gandun daji a tsakiyar amurka
Tarihi
A karni na sha biyar, aikin noma na Mayan ya rage dazuzzuka sosai, amma bai lalata su gaba daya ba. Kafin zuwan Turawa, gandun daji sun mamaye murabba'in kilomita 500,000 - kusan kashi 90% na yankin. Zuwan mutanen Sipaniya ya haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a sakamakon kamuwa da cututtuka masu saurin yaduwa da 'yan ci suka kawo. Wannan raguwar matsin lamba na ɗan adam ya ba da yawancin ƙasar da aka share don lokacin noma don farfadowa. Daga karshe, tilastawa "tattalin arzikin kudin Turai a Latin Amurka" ya haifar da bukatar fitar da kayayyakin farko, wanda ya gabatar da bukatar samar da filayen noma mai yawa don samar da wadannan kayayyakin. Yayin da noman wasu kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje kamar indigo da rini na cochineal sun yi aiki cikin jituwa tare da ciyayi da ke kewaye da su, da Dai sauran amfanin gona irin su sukari na bukatar yanke filaye da yawan itacen wuta don kara kuzarin aikin tacewa, wanda ya haifar da saren gandun daji cikin gaggawa.
Karni na sha takwas zuwa karni na ashirin Daga karni na goma sha takwas zuwa karni na ashirin, mahogany da ake fitarwa zuwa kayan daki ya zama babban dalilin gajiyar dazuzzuka. Kuma Yankin ya sami canjin tattalin arziki a karni na sha tara ta hanyar "cikakkiyar haɗin kai a tsarin jari hujja na duniya". Wannan, haɗe da rikici tare da Spain, ya ba da fifiko mafi girma ga noman shuka. A cikin karni na goma sha tara da ashirin, sannan Turai da Arewacin Amurka sun zama manyan masu shigo da noman kofi da ayaba a yankin, wanda hakan ya sa ake samun karuwar bukatu a kasar don samar da adadi mai yawa na wadannan amfanin gona da kuma cigaba da aikin share dazuka a kokarin da ake yi na samar da dazuzzuka masu yawa. samun filayen noma masu amfani.
Mafi kwanan nan Kwanan nan, tun daga shekarun 1960, kiwo ya zama dalilin farko na share fage. Dabbobin ciyawa masu ciyayi da Kuma wuraren kiwo na Amurka ta tsakiya ke samarwa (sabanin shanun da ake kiwon hatsi da ake kiwon su a wasu wurare a Amurka) sun dace da gidajen cin abinci na Arewacin ƙasar Amurka kuma wannan kasuwa da alama mara tushe ta haifar da abin da ake kira "haɗin hamburger" ya danganta "salon mabukaci a Arewacin Amurka tare da sare itatuwa a Amurka ta tsakiya". Wannan ya nuna yadda kasashen da suka ci gaba suka yi tasiri a kaikaice a kan yanayi da yanayin kasashe masu tasowa.
A Amurka ta tsakiya, yawan sare dazuzzuka kuma yana barazana ga rayuwar fitattun nau'ikan irin su jaguars, tapirs, da macaws masu ja. ''Ecology PhD, Nicholas School of the Environment. Duke University''.Peccary mai launin fari, da Kuma wani muhimmin nau'in dutse mai mahimmanci ga dazuzzuka na Amurka ta Tsakiya, yana cikin haɗari sosai wanda zai iya ɓacewa nan ba da jimawa ba a yankin. Farin leɓoɓin peccaries suna ƙaura a cikin manyan garkuna don neman 'ya'yan itace da sauran abinci a cikin manyan gandun daji, Kuma suna aiki duka biyun a matsayin mai nuna lafiyar daji da haɗin kai kuma a matsayin babban nau'in ganima ga jaguar.
Shiga
Yin sare itace wani abu ne da ke ƙara sare itatuwa ta hanyoyi da yawa. Sannan Kuma Shiga cikin dazuzzukan da tituna ke kara yawan amfani da albarkatu, kamar saren daji ba bisa ka'ida ba, da farautar naman daji. Ko da yake ka'ida ba ta da illa ga gandun daji, to amma ba a kula da shi ba ya zama ruwan dare a kasashe masu tasowa saboda bukatar katako zuwa gidaje da ake nomawa, da kuma rashin tattalin arziki na masu sana'ar dogaro da kai daga daji da kanta. Bugu da ƙari, kowane nau'i na katako yana buƙatar gina tituna, wanda ke ba da damar shiga cikin sauƙi ga masu neman sabon fili don yin noma. Amfani da itace a matsayin man da ake amfani da shi na farko wajen dafa abinci da dumama yana da nasaba da rashin iya biyan farashin mai a kasashe masu tasowa. Kuma Sakamakon haka, bukatar itacen “daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da su na sare itatuwa”.
A Guatemala, saboda aikin noma da masana'antar katako, kashi 98 cikin ɗari na ainihin gandun daji an lalata su a wannan yanki. Manyan yankunan dazuzzukan, sannan Kuma a cikin mafi yawan yanayi, ana asara ne kawai don lalata wasu bishiyu masu kima. Akwai tasiri na dindindin na tasirin wannan barnar: injuna masu nauyi sun haɗa ƙasa kuma suna sa ta zama mai saurin lalacewa.
Narco-yanke daji
Masana'antar avocado na biliyoyin daloli na Mexico sun zama babbar manufa ga DTOs, waɗanda ke kame gonaki tare da share wuraren da aka ba da kariya don shuka avocado. An san membobin Cartel da fitowa ba tare da an sanar da su ba, dauke da makamai masu sarrafa kansu da sarƙoƙi. Lokacin da mutanen yankin suka yi zanga-zangar cewa an kare yankin daga sare itatuwa, sai kuma a rike su da bindiga tare da ba su umarnin yin shiru. Ba koyaushe ake saran gandun daji ba - masu saran daji suna asirce kawai suna gyara alfarwar dajin, suna dasa itatuwan avocado a cikin wani ɓoye na ƙasa. Wannan al'ada tana ƙara gurɓataccen hayaƙi yayin da gandun daji ke raguwa don samar da ƙarin gonakin gonaki.
Kiwo ba bisa ka'ida ba
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da sare dazuzzuka an ƙaddara shi ne babban kiwo ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, yawancinsa yana faruwa ne a cikin wuraren da aka ba da kariya da kuma yankuna na asali. Sau da yawa, wannan aikata laifuka yana da alaƙa da fataucin muggan kwayoyi da safarar kuɗi. Cin hanci da rashawa ya sa matalautan gandun daji ba su da yuwuwar yin aikin kiyayewa, na tilastawa ko na son rai. Sannan duk Wani da aka yi hira da shi ya fayyace ilimin gama gari a tsakanin al'ummomin gandun daji: manyan masu hannu da shuni ne, masu alaka da siyasa, da narko-masu wadatar da muhalli ke aikata laifukan.
Ƙara yawan fataucin hodar iblis ta Guatemala da Honduras yana da alaƙa da hauhawar asarar gandun daji a yankin. A cikin dazuzzukan gabashin Honduras, adadin sabbin sare dazuzzuka da aka gano ya zarce hekta 5.29 yayin da a Peten na Guatemala, yawan asarar gandun daji ya yi daidai da adadin hodar iblis da ba a taɓa gani ba. A cewar Dr. Kendra McSweeney daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, adadin sare itatuwan daji a yankin kusan 20. kilomita 2 a kowace shekara ya haɓaka zuwa 60 km 2 a kowace shekara a ƙarƙashin tasirin narco - adadin sare gandun daji na kusan 10%. A cikin shekarata 2011, Rio Plátano Biosphere Reserve da ke Honduras ya kasance a matsayin "Al'adun Duniya na Haɗari" ta UNESCO saboda babban matakin sare gandun daji a hannun masu safarar muggan kwayoyi.
Hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da narcotics da asarar gandun daji
Hanyoyi guda uku masu alaƙa sun bayyana yanayin asarar gandun daji bayan kafa cibiyar jigilar magunguna. Kuma Na farko shi ne share gandun daji domin gina tituna na sirri da filayen saukar jiragen sama da motocin da ke safarar miyagun kwayoyi da magungunan kashe qwari da takin zamani ke amfani da su. Na biyu, kwararowar makudan kudade da makamai zuwa yankunan da tuni aka gaza gudanar da mulki na kara tsananta matsin da ake fuskanta a dazuzzuka. Shigar da narco-Capital a cikin waɗannan iyakokin yana ƙarfafa masu mallakar filaye da sauran masu yin wasan kwaikwayo a yankin su shiga cikin fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda yawanci yakan bar al'ummomin ƴan asalin ƙasar su rasa filayensu da rayuwarsu. A ƙarshe, babban ribar da ake samu ga masu fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi yana ƙarfafa DTOs don canza gandun daji zuwa aikin noma don lalata waɗannan ribar. "Inganta" ƙasa mai nisa ba wai kawai yana bawa masu fataucin miyagun kwayoyi damar canza kadarorin su ba tare da fa'ida ba amma kuma yana halatta kasancewar DTO a yankin. Ko da yake canza filaye a cikin dazuzzukan da ke da kariya da kuma al'ummomin ƴan asalin haramun ne, masu fataucin suna da tasirin siyasa da ya dace don tabbatar da hukunci. Dangane da al’ummomin ’yan asalin da aka ware saboda karuwar safarar muggan kwayoyi, ba su da wani karfi wajen fuskantar tashe- tashen hankula da cin hanci da rashawa; Kuma Ana fuskantar barazana ga kungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a a yankin sannan kuma ana baiwa masu gabatar da kara na jihar cin hanci don su rufe ido kan "yankin narko" ba bisa ka'ida ba. A cewar Dr. Kendra McSweeney daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, adadin sare itatuwa a yankin kusan 20. kilomita 2 a kowace shekara ya haɓaka zuwa 60 km2. McSweeney ya ba da misali da kisa mafi girma a kasar Honduras a duniya, yana mai bayanin cewa masu rajin kare hakkin jama'a suna matukar fargabar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu da kuma bayyana ra'ayoyinsu kan lamarin, saboda haka za su iya haifar da illa da barazanar rufe su. Kungiyoyin kare muhalli na kasa da kasa sun yi nuni da mutuwar Jairo Mora Sandoval a matsayin misali na irin wannan shiru da masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi suka yi wa masu kare muhalli, sannan Kuma lamarin da ke nuni da cewa an ji tasirin muhalli da zamantakewar cinikin muggan kwayoyi a duk fadin Amurka ta tsakiya.
Girman yawan jama'a
Yayin da kasashen wannan yanki ke ci gaba da bunkasa, yawan jama'a, da kuma cinikayya da kasashen da suka ci gaba, na matsa lamba kan albarkatun kasa ta hanyar samar da da dama daga cikin al'amuran da aka tattauna a baya, kamar dai yadda ya kamata a cire filayen noma da gidaje. Wani bincike ya nuna cewa karuwar yawan jama'a da ci gaban fasaha a Amurka ta tsakiya ( Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot) a haƙiƙa yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan adadin sare bishiyoyi.
Ahmad Aliyu Al-Huzaify
Ahmad bin Ali Al-Hudhaify ɗaya ne daga cikin mahardata Alqur'ani mai girma kuma ɗaya daga cikin limamai da masu yin Khuɗuba a Masallacin Annabi Muhammad (S A W) da wasu Masallatan a ƙasar Saudiyya, ɗan liman kuma mai yin Khuɗuba a Masallacin ma'aiki (S A W). Ali bin Abdul-Rahman Al-Huzaify, yana aiki a matsayin limami kuma mai Khuɗuba a Masallacin Annabi da ke Madina bayan ya kasance limami kuma mai Khuɗuba a masallacin Quba na Madina, kuma malami ne a jami’ar Taibah da ke Madina, kuma ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Musulunci da ke Madina, inda ya samu digiri na biyu da digirin digirgir inda ya fita da sakamako mai kyau sosai, wanda ya fita ne da first class, ya halarta majalisin karatuka da dama da laccoci da taron ƙarawa juna sani a ciki da wajen Madina.
Sare gandun daji a tsakiyar amurka
Girman yawan jama'a
Sauran yankuna a tsakiyar Amurka sun sami karuwar yawan jama'a, kamar Petén, saboda gano mai da kuma hanyar korar 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa daga yakin basasar Guatemala. Yawan karuwar birane da karuwar yawan jama'a ya haifar da karuwar sare itatuwa. Dangane da kididdigar kwanan nan, yawan jama'ar Amurka ta tsakiya ya ninka cikin kewayon shekaru 15, daga 2.1. miliyan har 2000 zuwa 4.2 miliyan a shekarata 2015.
Ahmad Aliyu Al-Huzaify
A cikin watan Ramadan na shekara ta, 1438, Babban Shugaban kwamiti mai kula da harkokin Masallacin Harami da Masallacin Manzon Allah (SAW) da ke Madina ta sanya Al- Hudhaifi ya jagoranci masu Al'ummar Musulmi a cikin Sallar Tarawihi a Masallacin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama, inda yaci gaba da gudanar da Jagorantar Sallah Tarawihi/Asham/Alkayeji a cikin watan Ramadan a shekarar, 1439 AH da 1440 AH. A shekara ta, 1441 bayan hijira, a ranar 13 ga watan Safar aka yanke shawarar nada shi a matsayin limamin masallacin Annabi a hukumance.
A cikin watan Disambar shekarar, 2022, an ba da izini don ya gabatar da Khuɗuba a Masallacin Annabi.
Sare gandun daji a tsakiyar amurka
Tasirin duniya
Rasa dazuzzukan Amurka ta tsakiya ba kawai barazana ga yankin ba ne; yana da tasiri a duniya. Dazuzzuka suna taimakawa sha da adana carbon dioxide da ke dumama duniya. Amma duk lokacin da aka lalata su, suna ƙara yawan iskar carbon zuwa yanayin don haka dumama duniyar don sha'awar wasu 'yan ƙasa, 'yan kasuwa, da masu fataucin muggan ƙwayoyi. Bayan haka, abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar carbon da ke haifar da tsarin sare dazuzzuka ana ba da rahoton cewa suna da alaƙa kuma suna da alaƙa da hana yanayi kuma suna iya taka rawa wajen ɗumamar duniya. A cikin abin da, Kuma wannan yana da alaƙa da taka rawa wajen haɓakar iskar carbon a cikin yanayi, adadin da aka ruwaito na 10-20% an ƙididdige shi daga matakan sare dazuzzuka. Haka kuma, masu fataucin miyagun kwayoyi a yankin na kara yawan yin hijira ko kaura ga mazauna yankin a lokacin da suke raya hanyoyin a yankunan. Sannan kuma Wannan yana kara yawan talauci da rashin zaman lafiya a yankin. A daya bangaren kuma, bunkasar wadannan masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi a yankin na kara samun da kuma amfani da muggan kwayoyi a cikin al’umma don haka ka iya lalata matasa, iyalai, da kuma samar da wadata a cikin al’umma. Kawar da wurin zama na nau'ikan da ba kasafai ba kamar jaguar, tapirs, da macaws ja na iya rage yawan masu yawon bude ido, wanda lamari ne na gida da na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton cewa ta hanyar sare itatuwan wurare masu zafi kamar na Amurka ta tsakiya, an yi asarar jinsuna 140. Yiwuwar asara ko asarar nau'o'i ko asara, suna ba da gudummawa ga sarkar abinci."
Hakazalika ga gandun daji na Amazonian, dajin ƙasar Amurka ta tsakiya shima "yana kara zafi a cikin gida ta hanyar motsin rai". Ba tare da ƙarin danshi daga haifuwa ba, jimlar ruwan sama yana raguwa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, tare da ƙarancin danshi a cikin iska ya zo da ƙarar daɗaɗɗen wuta. Wadannan gyare-gyare na gida suna da matukar tsanani kuma suna shafar rayuwar al'ummomin da ke kewaye, musamman ma matalauta, kuma mutanen karkara waɗanda suka dogara da ƙasa don rayuwarsu. Bugu da ƙari, da damuwa a kan yanayin gida, lalata dazuzzuka yana da "tasiri mafi girma, yana shafar yanayin duniya da bambancin halittu ".
Bayanan kimiyya da ke da alaƙa da sare bishiyoyi
A wani ɓangare na matakan sare gandun daji na yankin Amurka ta tsakiya, ayyuka masu zuwa suna da alaƙa da fannonin kimiyya. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, bishiyoyin da ke wurin suna shan carbon dioxide kuma suna taimakawa wajen adana wannan abu daga sararin samaniya. Kuma A cikin wanne da gaske, ke ba da gudummawa don taimakawa wajen samar da yanayi ya zama yanayi mafi koshin lafiya. Duk da haka, a cikin aiwatar da saran gandun daji, ana cire bishiyoyi kuma don haka, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan bishiyoyi da ake da su don cire abu kuma zai iya haifar da haɓakar tasirin greenhouse. Haɓaka tasirin greenhouse shine samfurin yanayi wanda ke ɗumamawa. A wannan yanayin, Kuma zai buɗe tasiri daban-daban kamar haɗawa da ambaliya a wasu yankuna, fari a wasu yankuna kuma gabaɗaya yana nuna nau'ikan abubuwan canjin yanayi. Dumamar yanayi na iya haɗawa da duk waɗannan abubuwa da abubuwan da suka faru ta hanyar tarwatsa sararin samaniyar ozone, sannan kuma ya mallaki tasirin da zai iya sanya wasu glaciers da tsarin ƙanƙara su narke sannan su haifar da hawan matakin teku. Ana iya lura da hakan don samar da matsanancin matakan ruwa wanda zai iya yuwuwa ya mamaye filaye kuma ya haifar da ambaliya. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin da ɗumamar yanayi ta hanyar sare bishiyoyi, zai iya haifar da Rana ta hanyar karuwa tare da hasken UV mai karfi wanda zai iya shiga cikin yanayi. Sabili da haka, sarrafa don haifar da wuraren da za su bushe kuma su sami dogon lokaci mai tsawo idan aka kwatanta da adadin hasken rana da ake buƙata akai-akai. Bayan haka, tasirin sauyin yanayi kamar samar da yanayin yanayin da ba a saba gani ba yana da alaƙa tare da dumama yanayi. Kuma Wannan zai kasance ta hanyar rugujewar Layer na Ozone a cikin yanayi da kuma samun ƙasa mai saurin kamuwa da ƙarin hasken rana a wuraren da yawanci ba su da isasshen hasken rana da zafi a cikin yanayi na musamman, kuma yana iya yuwuwar samun rani mai tsayi tare da shi, sannan Kuma a cikin wani ɓangare na ƙãra hasken rana da yanayin da ke da ƙarin buɗe ido don hasken rana ya zo. Zaizayar kasa
Haka kuma, wani fannin da ke da alaƙa da hanyoyin sare dazuzzuka shine zaizayar ƙasa. Kuma A cikin abin da aka lura a matsayin tsari wanda ke faruwa ta dabi'a, duk da haka an lura cewa yana da sauri da kuma samar da shi a cikin adadin da ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ke faruwa lokacin da sarewar daji ya faru. Bishiyoyi da nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu zuwa suna kasancewa a cikin mahalli don da gaske rage saurin yadda ruwa ke tafiya a cikin muhalli. Tushen bishiyun da ke nan suna nan don tabbatar da cewa ba a ɗauke ƙasa daga ruwan da ke wucewa ba. Bugu da ƙari, rashin bayyanar bishiyoyi / nau'in tsire-tsire na iya yuwuwar yin wasa a cikin ɓangaren saman ƙasa don ya ɓace cikin yanayin da yake da sauri kamar. Zazzage ƙasa na iya samun dalili don hana ƙasa mai kyau ta bunƙasa da tabbatar da jinsuna suna girma yadda ya kamata.
Matakan ruwan karkashin kasa
Ana danganta sare dazuzzuka da abubuwan da suka shafi matakan ruwan karkashin kasa. Bishiyoyi suna taimakawa kuma suna ba da gudummawa wajen samar da abin da ke cikin tururin ruwa a cikin yanayi. Saboda haka, sannan Kuma a cikin aikin sare dazuzzuka, wannan na iya nufin ƙarancin tushen bishiyoyi don ba da gudummawar tururin ruwa zuwa sararin samaniya. A cikin abin da ke haifar da raguwar samar da ruwan sama kuma a kaikaice yana taka rawa wajen haifar da illa na jimlar yawan ruwan karkashin kasa.
Ƙoƙarin mayar da illolin
Kasashe da dama sun yi shiri na kiyayewa da kuma cike dazuzzukan saboda karuwar sare itatuwa a baya-bayan nan. Shugabannin 'yan asalin ƙasar, masu kula da filaye na al'umma, da masu kula da wurin shakatawa suna sanya rayuwarsu kowace rana a kan layi don kare gandun daji na Mesoamerica. Har ila yau, al'umma da masu kula da yanki sun haɓaka sanarwar Petén, Kuma wanda ya ƙunshi ƙaddamar da matakai na musamman guda biyar don dawo da gandun daji na yankin: 1) tallafi ga gandun daji na gida da al'ummomin asali don samun ikon mallakar ƙasa; 2) inganta tsaro na yankuna masu kariya; 3) ƙarfafa ƙaddamar da laifukan muhalli; 4) mayar da hankali kan haramtattun dabbobi a matsayin babban dalilin sare itatuwa; da kuma kare al’ummar yankin da ke jefa rayuwarsu cikin kasada don kare muhalli.
Alal misali, a Nicaragua, kula da gandun daji ya ƙunshi sauyawa daga katako zuwa girbin da ba na katako ba tare da ɗorewar hanyoyin sare itace. A Costa Rica, hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su da suka taɓa ƙara matsalar sare dazuzzuka ana yin bincike a matsayin hanyoyin da za a iya sake dasa itatuwa. Sannan Kuma Bugu da ƙari kuma, a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, an aiwatar da "la'aikan katako mai lalacewa" don hana yawaitar sare itatuwa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Shawarwari da shawarwarin da za a iya magance batutuwa irin waɗannan, suna nan don ƙarfafawa da ƙarfafawa mazauna yankin da kuma sake dawo da ƙimar lalacewa a yankin.
Jonathan Okita
Jonathan Yula Okita (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba, 1996). ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga NEC Nijmegen.
Farkon rayuwa
An haife shi a Jamus, yana wakiltar tawagar kasar DR Congo.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
Okita ya fara halartan rukunin farko na Belgium A kulob ɗin Standard Liège a ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu 2016 a wasan da suka yi da Royal Excel Mouscron.
NEC
A ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2018, Okita ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu tare da kulob din Eerste Divisie NEC Nijmegen. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, ya fara buga wa kulob din a wasan da ci 2–1 a waje da Jong FC Utrecht. A ranar 8 ga watan Satumba, ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kulob din a wasan da suka yi waje da Roda JC Kerkrade da ci 3–2. A kakar wasansa ta farko, ya burge NEC, inda ya zura kwallaye 15 sannan ya taimaka aka ci 13 a wasanni 41 da ya buga.
A kakar wasa ta gaba, Okita ya yi fama da yanayinsa, amma har yanzu ya sami nasarar zura kwallaye shida tare da bayar da taimako a ka ci bakwai a wasanni 28. An shirya zai bar kulob din a lokacin bazara na 2020, amma wani bangare saboda cutar ta COVID-19 ya zauna a kulob din da ke Nijmegen.
A ranar 23 ga watan Mayu 2021, Okita ya sami nasarar zuwa Eredivisie tare da NEC ta hanyar doke NAC Breda 2-1 a wasan karshe na wasan. Okita, wanda ya sake shiga tsaka-tsakin kakar wasa tare da kwallaye hudu kuma ya taimaka aka ci hudu a wasanni 33, ya yi wasa a cikin wasannin share fage. Ya ci kwallaye hudu a wasanni uku da aka buga, ciki har da wanda ya ci NAC, ya kasance babban dan wasa a kungiyar.
Ayyukan kasa
An haife shi a Jamus, Okita ɗan asalin Kongo ne. Ya yi wasa acikin tawagar 'yan wasan DR Congo a 1-0 2022 na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a hannun Madagascar a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021.
Ahmed Ibrahim (Dan siyasar Ghana)
Ahmed Ibrahim dan siyasan Ghana ne kuma dan majalisar wakilai ta bakwai a jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu mai wakiltar mazabar Banda a yankin Bono a kan tikitin National Democratic Congress. A halin yanzu shi ne mataimakin shugaban marasa rinjaye a majalisar dokokin Ghana.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ibrahim a ranar 6 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1974, a Banda Ahenkro a yankin Bono na kasar Ghana. Ibrahim ya yi karatu a jami'ar Ghana inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa da falsafa a shekarar 2001.
Aiki
Ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa na Flamingo Publications (Ghana) Limited.
Siyasa
Ibrahim ya fara harkar siyasa a shekarar 2009. bayan an ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben kasar Ghana na shekarar 2008.na mazabarsa. Daga nan ne aka zabe shi a majalisar dokoki ta 5 a jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2009. Bayan kammala wa'adin mulkinsa na farko, Ibrahim ya yanke shawarar sake tsayawa takara a shekara ta 2013. inda ya doke Joe Danquah ya ci gaba da rike kujerarsa. A shekarar 2015. ya tsaya takara kuma ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na majalisar dokokin NDC na mazabar Banda a yankin Bono na Ghana. Ya lashe wannan kujera ta majalisar dokoki a lokacin babban zaben Ghana na 2016 inda ya samu kuri'u 6,167 da ke wakiltar kashi 52.03% yayin da abokin hamayyarsa ya samu kuri'u 5,660 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 47.76%.
Kwamitoci
Ibrahim mamba ne a kwamitin kasafin kudi na musamman; memba na kwamitin sadarwa; mamba a kwamitin raya karkara da kananan hukumomi; kuma memba na kwamitin kasuwanci.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Ibrahim Kirista ne. Yana da aure da yaro daya.
Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica)
Azadirachta indica wanda aka fi sani da icen Dalbejiya, ko Bedi wato neem, bishiyar-nim ko Indian lilac,  kuma a Najeriya ana kiranta dogo yaro ko dogonyaro,  bishiya ce daga cikin dangin Mahogany Meliaceae. tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan halittu guda biyu na iyalan Azadirachta, kuma asalin yankin Indiya ne kuma galibin kasashen Afirka. Yawanci tana girma a yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi. Itacen Neem kuma na girma a tsibiran kudancin Iran. 'Ƴa'ƴan itãcensa da tsabarsa sune asalin man-neem.
Zabtarewar ƙasa a indiya
Bala'i ne a ƙasar Indiya, Wanda yawancinsu suna da alaƙa da yanayin Indiya, suna haifar da asarar rayuka da dukiyoyi masu yawa. Fari, ambaliya, guguwa, dusar ƙanƙara, zabtarewar ƙasa da mamakon ruwan sama ke kawowa, da guguwar dusar ƙanƙara suna haifar da babbar barazana. Bala'i na iya haifar da girgizar ƙasa, ambaliya, fashewar volcanic, zabtarewar ƙasa, guguwa da sauransu. Domin a rarraba shi azaman bala'i, yana buƙatar samun tasirin muhalli mai zurfi da/ko asarar ɗan adam kuma akai-akai yana jawo asarar kuɗi. Sauran hatsarurrukan sun haɗa da guguwar ƙurar rani akai-akai, wadda yawanci ke bi daga arewa zuwa kudu; suna yin barna mai yawa a Arewacin Indiya kuma suna adana ƙura da datti daga yankuna masu busassun itatu. Haka kuma ana samun yawaitar ƙanƙara a sassan ƙasar Indiya, inda hakan ke haifar da mummunar illa ga amfanin gona da ke tsaye kamar shinkafa da alkama da kuma sauran albarkatu masu yawa.
Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica)
Bayanai
Dalbejiya ko icen bedi ice ne mai azumi-girma itace cewa zai iya isa tsayin kimanin 15 –, da wuya 35 –. Yana zubar da yawancin ganye a lokacin damuna. Rassan suna da fadi kuma suna yaduwa. cikakkiyar kambi mai kauri ne tana zagaye ne kuma tana iya kaiwa fadin diamita 20 –. Itacen bedi ko dalbejiya yayi kama da danginsa, chinaberry (Melia azzara|Melia azedarach).
Zabtarewar ƙasa a indiya
Zabtarewar kasa da kankara
Zabtarewar kasa ta zama ruwan dare a cikin Yankin ƙananan Himalayas. Yaran shekarun tsaunukan yankin yana haifar da rarrabuwar duwatsu, waɗanda ke da saurin zamewa. Haɓaka yawan jama'a da matsi na ci gaba, musamman daga sare itatuwa da yawon buɗe ido, na haifar da sare bishiyoyi. Sakamakon da aka tono shi ne tsaunin tuddai wanda ke kara tsananta zaftarewar kasa; tun itace, murfin yana hana ruwa gudu. Sassan Yammacin Ghats suma suna fama da zabtarewar ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Ana yawan samun balaguron balaguro a Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, da Sikkim da dai sauransu. Zaftarewar kasa a Indiya ma tana da matukar hadari saboda iyalai da manoma da yawa na Indiya suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka ko tsaunuka.
Ambaliyar ruwa a Indiya
Ambaliyar ruwa ita ce bala'in da aka fi sani a Indiya. Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya da aka yi a kudu maso yammacin kasar ya sa kogin Brahmaputra da sauran kogunan koguna sun karkatar da bakinsu, wanda galibi ke mamaye yankunan da ke kewaye. Ko da yake suna samar wa manoman shinkafa tushen tushen ban ruwa da takin zamani, amma ambaliya na iya kashe dubban mutane tare da raba miliyoyi. Ruwan sama mai yawa, rashin daidaituwa, ko rashin lokaci na ruwan sama na iya wanke ko lalata amfanin gona. Kusan dukkanin Indiya na fama da ambaliyar ruwa, kuma abubuwan da suka shafi hazo sosai, kamar ambaliyar ruwa da ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya, sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a tsakiyar Indiya cikin shekaru da dama da suka gabata, wanda ya yi daidai da yanayin zafi. A halin yanzu, jimlar hazo na shekara-shekara ya nuna raguwa a hankali, saboda raunin damina mai rauni sakamakon saurin dumamar yanayi a cikin Tekun Indiya  da raguwar yanayin zafin ƙasa da teku. Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai ƙarin abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama masu tsauri tare da tsayin daka na bushewa a tsakiyar Indiya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Cyclones a Indiya
Yankin Matsalolin na Intertropical Convergence na iya shafar dubban mutane Ko Indiyawan da ke zaune a yankunan bakin teku. Cyclogenesis na wurare masu zafi ya zama ruwan dare musamman a arewacin tekun Indiya a ciki da wajen Bay na Bengal. Guguwa tana kawo ruwan sama mai yawa, da guguwa, da iska wanda galibi ke yanke wuraren da abin ya shafa daga agaji da kayayyaki. A cikin Arewacin Tekun Indiya, lokacin guguwar yana gudana daga Afrilu zuwa Disamba, tare da mafi girman aiki tsakanin Mayu da Nuwamba. Kowace shekara, matsakaita na guguwa takwas tare da ci gaba da saurin iska sama da kimanin 63 km/h tsari; Daga cikin waɗannan, biyu sun ƙarfafa zuwa ga guguwa na wurare masu zafi na gaske, waɗanda suka ci gaba da tashi sama da 117 km/h. A matsakaita, wata babbar guguwa (Kashi 3 ko sama) tana tasowa kowace shekara.
A lokacin bazara, Bay na Bengal yana fuskantar zafi mai zafi, yana haifar da ɗimbin iska da rashin kwanciyar hankali waɗanda ke haifar da guguwa. Guguwa da yawa da suka hada da guguwar Calcutta ta 1737, guguwar Bhola ta 1970, guguwar Bangladesh ta 1991, guguwar Odisha ta 1999, da guguwar Fani na shekarar 2019 a Odisha da Cyclone Vayu a Gujarat, sun kai ga yadu a gabar tekun Indiya. da makwabciyarta Bangladesh. Ana ba da rahoton asarar rayuka da asarar dukiya duk shekara a cikin fallasa Tamil Nadu, da West Bengal. Gabar tekun yammacin Indiya, mai iyaka da Tekun Larabawa mafi santsi, ke fuskantar guguwa da wuya kawai; waɗannan galibi suna bugun Gujarat kuma, ƙasa da yawa, Kerala kuma wani lokacin Odisha.
Dangane da lalacewa da asarar rayuka, a shekarata 1999 Odisha cyclone, babban guguwar da ta buge Odisha a ranar 29 ga Oktoba shekarar 1999, shine mafi muni a cikin fiye da karni na hudu. Tare da mafi girman iskar 160 mi/h, yayi daidai da guguwa mai lamba 5. Kusan mutane miliyan biyu sun rasa matsuguni; wasu mutane miliyan 20 kuma guguwar ta rutsa da su. A hukumance, mutane 9,803 ne suka mutu sakamakon guguwar; Ƙididdiga marasa hukuma sun sanya adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya haura 10,100.
Dangane da lalacewa da lalata kadara, Cyclone Amphan, babban guguwa da ta afkawa West Bengal, Odisha da Bangladesh a ranar 20 ga Mayun shekarata 2020 shine, ya zuwa wannan lokacin, mafi muni a Indiya a ƙarni na 21st. Tare da mafi girman iskar 260 km/h zuwa 280 km/h, yayi daidai da guguwa ta 5. Kusan mutane miliyan 5 ( lakh 50) ne aka bar su ba su da matsuguni a West Bengal, Odisha da Bangladesh ; wasu mutane miliyan 10 (1 crore ) sun lalace sakamakon guguwar. A hukumance, mutane 128 ne suka mutu sakamakon guguwar. Lalacewar hukuma da lalata kadara ta kai dala biliyan 13.40 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 13.69 ; ita ce guguwa mafi tsada kuma mafi lalacewa da ta taɓa faruwa a Bay na Bengal.
2021 Cyclone Tauktae ta kashe aƙalla mutane 104, mafi girma cikin shekaru goma.
Damina
Sashen nazarin yanayi na Indiya ya ayyana cewa zagayowar ruwa za ta fi tsanani, tare da karuwar yawan ruwan sama a shekara tare da karuwar fari a shekaru masu zuwa. An yi hasashen tashin damina a kashi 20 cikin 100 akan yawancin jihohi. A 2 Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na °C zai sa damina ta Indiya ta zama abin ƙi. Na 4 °C damina mai tsananin ruwa wanda a halin yanzu yana da damar 1 cikin 100 na shekara zai faru a cikin kowace shekara 10 nan da kimanin 2100. Matsanancin matsakaici da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi da hazo zai ƙaru musamman a gabar tekun yamma da tsakiya da arewa maso gabashin Indiya. Ana sa ran busasshen shekarun za su fi bushewa da bushewa saboda canjin yanayi.
Rivers da glaciers
Ana sa ran samun ruwa mai tsafta ga kowane mutum a Indiya zai ragu ƙasa da cubic meters 1000 nan da shekarar 2025 saboda karuwar yawan jama'a da sauyin yanayi. Kogin kogin Cauvery, Penna, Mahi, Sabarmati, Tapi, Luni da wasu kaɗan sun riga sun yi ƙarancin ruwa. Krishna da Subarnarekha na iya zama haka nan da shekara 2025. Yawan yawan jama'a, ambaliya ta bakin teku da kutsawar ruwa mai gishiri da fallasa ga guguwa ta sa Ganga, Godavari, Krishna da Mahanadi kogin gabar tekun deltas "masu zafi" na raunin canjin yanayi. Glaciers shine babban tushen ruwa ga kogin Himalayan kamar Ganga, Brahmaputra da Indus. 67% na glaciers Himalayan sun ja da baya a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata kuma suna ci gaba da raguwa tare da karuwa. Ganga da Indus na iya zama karancin ruwa nan da shekara 2025. Tun daga shekarar 1962, gabaɗayan glacier yankin ya ragu da 21% daga 2077 km2 zuwa 1628 km2. Wannan zai haifar da ƙarancin ruwa ya zama mai tsanani da lokaci kuma yana iya yin haɗari ga amincin abinci da samar da makamashi.
Hawan matakin teku
Hawan zafin teku da matakin teku yana haifar da asarar yanayin halittun ruwa da nau'ikan halittu, gishiri, zaizayar ruwa da ambaliya da kuma kara aukuwa da tsananin guguwa tare da dukkan bakin tekun. An riga an lura da tasirin canjin yanayi a cikin nutsewar ƙasa na bakin teku a cikin Sundarbans, asarar wuraren dausayi  da murjani reefs ta hanyar bleaching,  da kiyasin hawan teku na 1.06 - 1.75 mm / shekara. Ƙananan-ƙarshen yanayin kiyasin matakan teku a Asiya zai kasance aƙalla 40 cm sama da 2100. IPCC ta kirga cewa za ta fallasa mutane miliyan 13-94 ga ambaliya, tare da kusan kashi 60% na wannan jimillar a Kudancin Asiya. Tashin matakin teku na kusan 100 cm zai mamaye kilomita 5,763 cubic na ƙasar Indiya. Zai yi matukar tasiri ga al'ummomi a cikin manyan biranen kamar Mumbai, Kolkata da Chennai saboda nutsewar kasa da matsanancin yanayi. Ƙara yawan zafin jiki na saman teku yana ƙaruwa da mita, ƙarfi, sikelin da kuma lalata ikon cyclones na wurare masu zafi.
Fari, zafi da guguwa
Ƙasar 500Mha a yankin Asiya Pasifik ya rigaya yana fuskantar lalacewar ƙasa. Lokacin bazara ya riga ya yi zafi a Indiya tare da wasu yankuna akai-akai suna ba da rahoton yanayin zafi kusan 47 °C. A cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, Indiya ta ga yawancin mutuwar sama da 4,620 da ke haifar da raƙuman zafi, bisa ga bayanan da Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta buga, Gwamnatin Indiya. Ma'aikatar hasashen yanayi ta Indiya ta bayyana cewa guguwar da ta afkawa arewacin Indiya a watan Mayun shekarata 2018 mai tsanani ne kuma yawansu na iya karuwa saboda dumamar yanayi. Hakan na faruwa ne saboda karuwar tsananin iska da bushewar kasa wanda ke kara karfin guguwar kura. Hawan zafin saman ƙasa zai fi fitowa fili a yankin arewacin Indiya. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya ba da rahoton cewa lokacin rani na iya wucewa har zuwa watanni 8 a filin Gangetic nan da shekara 2070 idan yanayin zafin duniya ya ƙaru fiye da 2. °C. Ƙaruwa mai tsanani da yawan zafin rana na iya ƙara yawan mace-mace da mutuwar mutane. Irin wannan yanayin ɗumamar yanayi tare da ƙarancin ruwa yana ƙara tasirin fari.
Al'amarin Dikko
Asalin Labari
Dikko ya kasance ministan sufuri mai tasiri a gwamnatin farar hula ta tsohon shugaban kasar Nijeriya Shehu Shagari, watau surukinsa. Anyi watsi da gwamnatin ta farar hula a wani ku' da Jenar Muhammadu Buhari ya jagoranta, sannan an kafa sabuwar gwamnatin ak karkashin mulkin shugaba Muhammadu Buhari. A rana ta biyu na mulkin shugaba Buhari ya zayyano jerin ma'aikatan gwamnati da ake zargi da laifuka. Dikko, wanda yake a saman jadawalin wanda ake zargi da barnar biliyoyin kudade na dalar Amurka (wasu sunce dala biliyan shida) daga rarar man fetur da aka samu daga asusun gwamnati. Dikko yayi hijira zuwa Burtaniya, inda ya zauna a London kuma ya zamo asalin dan adawar gwamnatin mai ci.
Duk da cewa Izra'ila bata da dangantaka ta siyasa da Najeriya, akwai dan dangantaka da baza'a rasa ba a tsakanin kasashen. Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta kasance muhimmiyar tushen samar da man fetur ga Izra'ila, sannan kuma Kasar Izra'ila na taka muhimmin rawa wajen samar da kayany yaki ga Najeriya. An buƙaci hukumar leƙen asiri ta Izra'ila Mossad da ta nemo maɓuyar Dikko kuma ta maido shi gida Najeriya don ya fuskanci hukunci.
Hijira
A shekarar 1983 ne aka hambarar da gwamnatin Najeriya a juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi karkashin jagorancin Manjo-Janar Muhammadu Buhari, aka kafa sabuwar gwamnatin soja karkashin jagorancin Buhari. A rana ta biyu a kan karagar mulki, Buhari ya fitar da jerin sunayen tsoffin jami’an gwamnatin da ake zargi da aikata laifuka daban-daban. Dikko, wanda shi ne kan gaba a jerin sunayen, ana zarginsa da yin almubazzaranci da wasu makudan kuɗaɗe da suka kai dalar Amurka biliyan 6 (majiyoyin sun ce adadin ya kai kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 6) na ribar man fetur daga baitul malin kasar. Dikko ya gudu zuwa Birtaniya, ya zauna a birnin Landan, kuma ya zama mai sukar tsarin mulkin a sa inda yake gudun hijira.
Duk da cewa a wancan lokacin Isra'ila ba ta da huldar diflomasiyya da Najeriya, amma ba a samu alakar da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu ba. Musamman Najeriya ta kasance wata muhimmiyar hanyar samar da man fetur ga Isra’ila, kuma Isra’ila ta kasance babbar mai samar da makamai ga Najeriya. Hukumar leken asirin Isra’ila Mossad ce ta dora alhakin gano Dikko tare da dawo da shi Najeriya domin gurfanar da shi gaban kuliya.
Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica)
Bayanai
Akasin haka, ganyen pinnate suna da tsawon kimanin 20 - 40 cm, tare da 20 zuwa 30 matsakaici tsawo da ganye kore mai duhu mai tsawon 3 –. Sashin tsakiya na fallen ganyen tashar tana ɓacewa sau da yawa. Petioles gajere ne.
Al'amarin Dikko
Satar mutane
A ranar 30 ga watan Yuni 1984, wani wakilin Mossad yana tuki a Queensway, a Bayswater, ya hango Dikko. Ya ajiye motarsa sannan yaje wajen Dikko a kafa zuwa gidansa da ke Porchester Terrace. Nan take aka sanar da Admoni, kuma ya ba da umarnin sanya ido a gidan. Tun daga wannan lokacin, gidan ya kasance ana sa ido a kai, yayin da ’yan Najeriya suka yi amfani da babban hukumarsu ta Landan a matsayin sansaninsu, suka shirya wani aikin garkuwa da mutane. A halin da ake ciki, Mossad ta dauki Levi-Arie Shapiro, likita dan Isra'ila wanda ya kasance mai ba da shawara kuma mai kula da sashin kulawa a Asibitin HaSharon. Zai tashi zuwa London kuma ya shiga cikin aikin. Aikin Shapiro zai kasance ya saka bututun endotracheal don hana shi Dikkon shakewa da kan sa yayin da ake jigilar shi a cikin akwati.
Kirsten De Laender
Kirsten De Laender (an haife ta a watan Yuli 22, 1993) 'yar ƙasar Beljiyam ce ta nakasassu. Wasannin Paralympics dinta na farko shine London 2012, inda ta sami lambar tagulla a boccia don gaurayawan nau'ikan BC3. De Laender kuma ya fafata a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara ta 2016 a Rio de Janeiro.
Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica)
Bayanai
Ya'yan itacen masu santsi ne (masu walƙiya), ana kiransu drupe suna kama da zaitun wanda ya bambanta ta siffar tsawo oval zuwa kusan zagaye, kuma lokacin cikakke ya14–28 millimetres (0.55–1.10 in) ta10–15 millimetres (0.39–0.59 in). Fatar 'ya'yan itace (exocarp) siriri ne kuma ɓacin rai mai ɗanɗano (mesocarp) yana da launin shuɗi-fari kuma yana da yawa. Mesocarp shine 3–5 millimetres (0.12–0.20 in) kauri. Farar, harsashi na ciki mai ƙarfi (endocarp) na 'ya'yan itacen yana ɗauke da guda ɗaya, da wuya biyu, ko uku, elongated tsaba (kernels) waɗanda ke da gashin launin ruwan.
Akanyi kuskure wajen kamanya icen dalbejiya da wani ice mai kama dashi suna bakain. Shima icen Bakain yana da ganye masu tsini da kuma 'ya'yan itace masu kama da juna. Bambanci ɗaya shine cewa ganyen neem yana da pinnate amma ganyen bakain Pinnation yana da biyu-biyu ko uku-uku.
Ilimin Halittu da Muhallinsu
Bishiyar dalbejiya wato neem tayi fice matuqa saboda juriya ga karancin ruwa. Yawanci yana wanzuwa a yankuna da ke da rani da kuma matsakaicin zafi, masuadadin ruwan sama na 400–1,200 millimetres (16–47 in). Icen na iya girma a yankuna daban daban na duniya, amma yana dogara ne mafi akasari da yanayin ruwan dake karkashin kasa. Sannan zai iya tsirowa ko wani irin nau'in na duniya, amma yafi wanzawa a nau'in kasa da ake kira sandy soil, suna ya dogara ne sosai akan matakan ruwan karkarshin ƙasa. Bedi na iya girma a cikin nau'ikan ƙasa daban -daban, amma yana haɓaka mafi kyau akan zurfin zurfin ƙasa da yashi. Yana da yanayi na wurare masu zafi zuwa bishiyar ƙasa kuma yana wanzuwa a matsakaicin yanayin zafin shekara na 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). Zai iya jurewa sama zuwa yanayin zafi sosai kuma baya jure zafin da ke ƙasa 5 °C (41 °F). Dalbejiya yana ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyin da ke ba da inuwa waɗanda ke bunƙasa a cikin yankunan da ke fuskantar fari kamar busasshen bakin teku, gundumomin kudancin Indiya, da Pakistan. Bishiyoyin ba su dogara game da samun ruwa ba kuma suna bunƙasa ko da da digon ruwa ne, komai ingancin. A Indiya da ƙasashe masu zafi inda yakin ƙasar Indiya suka isa, ana yawan samun bishiyoyin Dalbejiya da ake amfani da su don rufe tituna, kusa da wuraren bauta, makarantu da sauran irin waɗannan gine -gine na mutum ko a mafi yawan yadudduka. A yakuna masu karancin ruwan sama, akan shuka bishiyoyin dalbejiya acikin manyan filaye.
Icen a matsayin ciyawa
akan dauki ganyen icen a matsayin ciyawa mara amfani a wasu sassa na duniya, musamman a yankunan Gabas ta Tsakiya, ƙasashen Saharar Afirka da Yammacin Afirka da jihohin Tekun Indiya, da wasu sassan Ostiraliya. A yanayin muhalli, yana rayuwa da kyau a cikin irin wannan muhallin ga nasa, amma ba a tantance ainihin matsayinsa na ciyawa ba.
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, an zartar da cewa Icen dalbejiya a matsayin ciyawa mara amfani na na ajin B da C a Yankin Arewacin Kasar, Ostiraliya, ma'ana dole ne a sarrafa shuka ta da yaduwar ta kuma ba a yarda a shigo da tsirrai ko propagules cikin NT ba. Shari'a ta yarda a siya, a saida, ayi sufurinta ko irin ta. An kaddamar da ita a matsayin ciyawa a sanadiyyar mamaye hanyoyin ruwa da tayi a " Top End " na yankin.
Bayan an gabatar da icen a kasar Ostiraliya, a 1940s, an dasa A. indica a yankin Arewa don samar da inuwa ga shanu. An kafa gonaki na gwaji tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980 a Darwin, Queensland, da Yammacin kasar Australia, amma masana'antar sarrafa icen dalbejiya ta Ostiraliya ba ta tabbatar da mai yiwuwa ba. Yanzu itacen ya bazu zuwa cikin savanna, musamman a kusa da hanyoyin ruwa, kuma ana samun yawan mutane da yawa a yankunan.
Sinadarai daga Bishiyar
'Ya'yan itacen dalbejiyan, iri, ganye, mai tushe, da kuma bawon icen na dauke da sinadarai masu dumbin yawa wanda ake kira phytochemicals, wasu da aka fara ganowa daga iri, kamar azadirachtin wanda aka sarrafa su a shekarun 1960s matsayin maganin kwari antifeedant, tsaida yaduwa, da kuma maganin kwari. Amfani daga icen a yayinda ake murƙushe kilogiram 2 na yayan tsaba icen yakan kai kusan gram 5.
Bugu da kari sinadarin azadirachtin da limonoids masu alaƙa, man iri ya ƙunshi glycerides, polyphenols iri-iri, nimbolide, triterpenes, da beta-sitosterol. Man yana da launin rawaya, bitter oil, yana da ƙamshi kamar tafarnuwa kuma ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 2% na mahaɗan limonoid. Ganyen yana ƙunshe da quercetin, catechins, carotenes, da bitamin C.
Kirsten De Laender
Aiki
A gasar cin kofin duniya ta Boccia a shekarar 2010 a Lisbon, ta samu lambar tagulla a matsayin wani bangare na biyu.
Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica)
Matsayin kayan lambu
Ana cin sashin furen da 'yayan itacen a matsayin kayan lambu a kasar Indiya. Ana shirya abinci mai kama da miya mai suna veppampoo charu a cikin Tamil (an fassara shi da "neem flower rasam ") wanda aka yi da furen bedi a yankunan Tamil Nadu. A Bengali, ana soya ganyen neem a cikin mai tare da eggplant (brinjal). ana kiran girkin neem begun bhaja kuma shine abu na farko yayin cin abinci a Bengali wanda ke matsayin abinci washe harshe, ana cinshi da shinkafa. Ana amfani sassan dalbejiya a yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya, musamman a Kambodiya, Laos (inda ake kira kadao ), Thailand (inda aka sani da sa-dao ko sdao ), Myanmar (inda aka sani da tamar ) da Vietnam (inda aka sani da sầu đâu kuma ana amfani dashi wajen dafa salatin gỏi sầu đâu ). Ko da an dafa shi da sama sama, dandanon sa na da ɗaci sosai, kuma ba duk mazaunan waɗannan ƙasashe ke cin wanan nau'in abincin ba. A Myanmar, ana dafa ganyen neem da sashen furanni da 'ya'yan tamarind wato tsamiya don rage dacinsa kuma ana ci a matsayin kayan lambu. Ana kuma cin ganyen neem mai tsami tare da tumatir da miya miya a Myanmar.
Kirsten De Laender
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na bazara na 2012, a London, ta sami lambar tagulla a Mixed Pairs BC3, tare da Pieter Cilissen da Pieter Verlinden. Ta kuma yi gasa a Mixed Individual BC3.
Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam a Nicaragua
Haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Nicaragua yana nufin haƙƙin mutum, siyasa da zamantakewa da aka ba kowane ɗan adam a Nicaragua. Nicaragua ta sami fahimtar haƙƙin ɗan adam daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Nicaragua da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. Nicaragua kasa ce ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wadda ta bayyana cewa an ba da dama ga muhimman hakkokin bil'adama, kamar 'yanci daga bauta da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, ga dukan 'yan Adam ba tare da nuna wariya ba.
Kirsten De Laender
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na bazara na 2016, ta yi gasa a Boccia Mixed Pairs BC3.
Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica)
Magungunan Gargajiya
Ana amfani da samfuran da aka cire daga icen dalbejiya a wajen maganin gargajiya na Indiya na tsawon ƙarnuka,  amma babu isasshen shaidar asibiti don nuna fa'idodin amfani da bedi don dalilai na magani. A manya mutane, ba a kafa takamaiman ka'idojin shan maganin ba, kuma yin amfani da dalbejiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci yana da aminci, amma yayin amfani da shi na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da matsalar koda ko hanta; a ga ƙananan yara, man-dalbejiya na da guba kuma yana iya sanadiyyar mutuwa. Bedi na iya haifar da bari wato zubewar ciki, rashin haihuwa, da ƙarancin sukari na jini.
Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam a Nicaragua
A cikin shekara ta 2019, zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati ta bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar don mayar da martani ga sauye-sauyen da gwamnatin Sandinista National Liberation Front (A cikin Mutanen Espanya Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional FSLN) ta yi na gwamnati na tsarin tsaron zamantakewar ƙasar. Wannan ya haifar da martani daga kungiyoyin ‘yan sanda, ‘yan sanda na kasa, da kungiyoyin sa ido da kula da su. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa an kashe masu zanga-zangar 328 a wani koma baya (ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Satumba na shekara ta 2019). Wannan ya jawo hankalin duniya game da aiwatar da yancin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasar tare da ƙungiyoyi irin su Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Amirka da ke kayyade abubuwan da suka faru a matsayin cin zarafi na Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya.
Al'amarin Dikko
Faruwar Lamarin
Da yammacin ranar 3 ga Yulin 1984, jirgin Nigeria Airways Boeing 707 ya isa filin jirgin saman Stansted daga Legas. Jirgin dai ya iso babu kowa, kuma matukin jirgin ya sanar da hukuma cewa jirgin ya iso ne domin karɓar kayan diflomasiyya daga babbar hukumar Najeriya. A cikin jirgin akwai jami’an tsaron Najeriya da dama, wadanda suka bayyana kansu a fili tare da bayyana cewa sun je ne domin kare kayan. An bayar da rahoton kasancewarsu ga reshe na musamman na Scotland Yard. Washegari aka yi garkuwa da Dikko a kofar gidansa a lokacin da yake fita domin yawo, aka tafi da shi a cikin motar Yusufu. Daga nan sai Shapiro ya yi masa maganin maye. However, the abduction was witnessed by Dikko's secretary, Elizabeth Hayes, who quickly notified the authorities. Sai dai kuma sakatariyar Dikko Elizabeth Hayes ta shaida lamarin inda ta sanar da hukuma cikin gaggawa.
An sanya Dikko da Shapiro a cikin akwati daya mai girman mita 1.2 × 1.2 × 1.6, yayin da wakilan Mossad Alexander Barak da Felix Abithol suka mamaye na biyu. However, proper documentation that would have ensured that the cargo could not be inspected was not provided. The crates were also not labeled as diplomatic bags, as required by Article 27(4) of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. As a result, customs officials who had received an all-ports warning alerting them to the kidnapping while the crates were being processed at the airport Duk da haka, ba a ba da cikakkun takardun da za su tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya duba kayan ba. Har ila yau, ba a sanya akwatunan a matsayin jaka na diflomasiyya ba, kamar yadda doka ta 27(4) ta yarjejeniyar Vienna ta 1961 kan huldar diflomasiyya ta bukata. Hakan ya sa jami’an kwastam da suka soma gargadin dukkan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ke sanar da su yadda aka yi garkuwa da su a lokacin da ake sarrafa akwatunan a filin jirgin sama sun sami damar buɗe akwatunan ba tare da saba wa yarjejeniyar ba tare da dakile garkuwar. An kai Dikko asibiti; bai samu rauni ba.
Bayan nan
An kama maza goma sha bakwai; four were convicted and sentenced to prison terms of 10 to 14 years: Shapiro, Barak, Abithol, and Yusufu. huɗu an yanke musu hukuncin zaman gidan yari na shekaru 10 zuwa 14: Shapiro, Barak, Abithol, da Yusufu.
An saki dukkan mutanen huɗun bayan sun yi aiki tsakanin shekaru shida zuwa takwas da rabi, kuma an kore su cikin nutsuwa.
Ramuwar gayya
A wani mataki na ramuwar gayya, an kama wasu injiniyoyin Birtaniya biyu a Najeriya tare da yanke musu hukuncin daurin shekaru goma sha hudu bisa zargin satar wani jirgin sama mai zaman kansa. The two British engineers had their charges overturned and were released after serving 25 months. Injiniyoyi biyu na Burtaniya an soke tuhumar da ake musu kuma an sake su bayan sun shafe watanni 25 suna aiki.
Sakamakon
Gwamnatin Najeriya da Isra'ila ba su taba amincewa da wata alaka da lamarin ba. Duk da haka, nan da nan gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kori wasu mambobi biyu na Babban Hukumar Najeriya a Landan, ciki har da Babban Kwamishinan. An yanke huldar jakadanci da Najeriya tsawon shekaru biyu. An kusa kama shugaban kamfanin jiragen sama na Nigeria Airways a wani lokaci da ‘yan sandan Birtaniyya suka kama.