cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Gidan shakatawa na Cross River
Biodiversity
Rukunin galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji mai laushi. Nau'in bishiyoyi na al'ada sun haɗa da Musanga cecropioides, itacen corkwood na Afirka ko itacen laima, Irvingia gabonensis bush mango Berlinia confusa, Coula edulis, Hannoa klaineana, Klainedoxa gabonensis, mahogany na Afirka da jan ƙarfe. An gano kimanin nau'ikan shuke-shuke 1,568, daga cikinsu 77 suna cikin Najeriya. Wadannan sun hada da tsire-tsire masu fure 1,303, lichens 141 da nau'in moss 56. Torben Larsen ya tattara kusan nau'in malam buɗe ido 600 a cikin ƙungiyar Oban a cikin 1995, kuma ya kiyasta cewa akwai yiwuwar nau'in 950 a cikin rukuni.
Kodayake ba a bincika wurin shakatawa sosai ba, an rubuta nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350. Yana daya daga cikin sassa biyu na Najeriya inda aka sami greenbul na Xavier. Sauran nau'o'in da ba a saba gani ba a Najeriya sun hada da bat hawk, Cassin's hawk-eagle, crested guineafowl, gray-throated rail, olive long-tailed cuckoo, bare-cheeked trogon, lyre-tailed honeyguide, green-backed bulbul, grey-throed tit-flycatcher da Rachel's malimbe. An ƙidaya nau'in maciji 42. Akwai akalla nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 75, gami da buffalo na Afirka, giwaye na gandun daji na Afirka da ke cikin haɗari, chimpanzee na yau da kullun, Preuss's red colobus da Sclater's guenon da kuma drill mai haɗari sosai. Rukunin na iya ƙunsar chimpanzees 400, kodayake ba a gudanar da bincike ba.
Damuwa
Dajin ya kasance ba a taɓa shi ba a cikin yankunan da ba su da sauƙin isa, amma a gefen gefen aikin ɗan adam ya shafa shi sosai. A wasu wurare, sake girma na biyu ya faru, amma wasu yankuna suna dauke da shuke-shuke na man dabino da roba. Kashe katako ba bisa ka'ida ba babbar barazana ce, kuma tana ƙaruwa. Yawan ƙauyuka a cikin yankin shinge yana ƙaruwa, kuma manoma suna fara shiga. Matakan farauta, kamun kifi da noma na ɗan lokaci suna ƙaruwa, kuma suna lalata yanayin halittu. Chemicals da aka yi amfani da su don kamun kifi sun shafi tarin kifi.
An gwada hanyar da za ta shafi al'ummomin cikin gida wajen gudanar da gandun daji a cikin yankunan da ke cikin yankuna tare da wasu nasarori a cikin tsoffin da sabbin ƙauyukan Ekuri a arewa maso yammacin yankin Oban. Mazauna ƙauyen suna da haƙƙin kusan 250 km2 na ƙasar gandun daji, kuma suna rayuwa ta hanyar aikin gona da siyar da kayayyakin gandun daji masu daraja, gami da nama na nau'in da ke cikin haɗari kamar chimpanzee da drill. An kafa aikin gandun daji na Ekuri tare da taimakon jami'an wurin shakatawa da masu ba da gudummawa na kasashen waje don inganta gudanar da gandun daji da samun damar kasuwanni. Tare da horo da tallafin kuɗi, mazauna ƙauyen sun kafa hanyoyin girbi gandun daji ta hanyar da za ta ɗorewa, kuma yanzu suna da sha'awar kiyaye shi. Wannan ya bambanta da mummunan tasirin da ake gani lokacin da kamfanonin katako na waje ko shuka suka shiga wani yanki kamar wannan.
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka yankewa hukunci
Komawa gida
"Da zarar dan kasa ya yi lokaci kuma ya biya bashinsa ga al'umma, bai kamata a tauye su daga ainihin 'yancin yin zabe ba," in ji Judith Browne-Dianis, co-director of Advancement Project.
Gidan shakatawa na Cross River
Wurin da yake
Yankin Okwangwo yana tsakiyar a kan daidaitattun  / 6.28333°N 9.23333°E / 6. 28333; 9.23333. Ya ƙunshi tsohuwar Boshi, Okwangwo da Boshi Extension Forest Reserves. Rukunin yana da yanki na kimanin 920 km2 a tsawo na 150 - 1,700m sama da matakin teku. An raba shi daga yankin Oban zuwa kudu da kusan kilomita 50 na gandun daji mai cike da damuwa. Yana kwance kudu maso yammacin Obudu Plateau kuma nan da nan zuwa gabashin Ajiyar dazuzzukan Kogin Afi, wanda aka raba shi daga wannan ajiyar ta Dutsen Mbe Community Forest.
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka yankewa hukunci
Komawa gida
Bincike ya nuna cewa tsofaffin mutanen da ke daure da za su iya kada kuri'a, samun aiki da ilmantar da kansu ba su da yuwuwa su sake yin laifi da komawa cikin tsarin hukunci.
Gidan shakatawa na Cross River
Wurin da yake
Gidan ajiyar daji na Takamanda a Jamhuriyar Kamaru yana da iyaka tare da ƙungiyar Okwangwo zuwa gabas. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008 an inganta Takamanda zuwa wurin shakatawa na kasa ta hanyar aikin hadin gwiwa tare da Kungiyar Kula da Kayan Kayan Kudancin da Gwamnatin Kamaru, tare da kariya ga gorilla na Cross River mai haɗari babban burin. Gidan shakatawa na Takamanda na 676 km2 zai kuma taimaka wajen kiyaye giwaye na gandun daji, chimpanzees, da drills.
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka yankewa hukunci
2014 canje-canje a cikin maido da haƙƙin mallaka
A cikin shekarata 2014, Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe ya cire duk tuhume-tuhumen miyagun ƙwayoyi daga jerin laifukan “tashin hankali” na gamayya, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka cancanci tsarin dawo da haƙƙin kada kuri’a ta atomatik na Virginia ga mutanen da ba su da laifi.
Gidan shakatawa na Cross River
Wurin da yake
Ƙasa tana da tsaunuka, tare da tsaunukan duwatsu da tsaun-tsire. Manyan maki suna cikin Dutsen Sankwala a arewa (1,700 m) da kuma Dutsen Mbe a kudu maso yamma (1,000 m). Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na iya zama kusan 4,280 mm, galibi yana fadowa a lokacin rigar tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba. Kogin Oyi, Bemi da Okon, masu ba da gudummawa ga Kogin Cross, sun zubar da wannan rarrabuwa. An rufe tsaunuka masu tsawo a cikin tsaunuka, tare da gandun daji a cikin kwari. Ƙananan ƙasa, rabuwa ta rufe da gandun daji masu laushi, tare da yankunan savanna inda mutane suka lalata gandun daji. Ƙasa a cikin tsaunuka da yankunan da ke ƙasa suna da haɗari ga rushewa da leaching lokacin da aka cire su daga shuke-shuke.
Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka yankewa hukunci
2014 canje-canje a cikin maido da haƙƙin mallaka
A cikin shekarata 2014, Babban Mai Shari'a Eric Holder ya yi kira da a dawo da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a gabanin wani jawabi a Jami'ar Georgetown. Holder ya ce, "Lokaci ya yi da za a sake yin la'akari da dokokin da ke hana mutanen da ba sa karkashin kulawar tarayya ko jiha."
Gidan shakatawa na Cross River
Biodiversity
Yankin Okwangwo yana da tsire-tsire daban-daban, tare da kimanin nau'in 1,545 da ke wakiltar iyalai 98 da aka rubuta. Wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in suna cikin yankin. Sauran ba a san su ba har zuwa kwanan nan. [yaushe?<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">] Fiye da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 280 an rubuta su, gami da tsuntsayen dutse masu launin toka, wanda ke haifuwa a cikin tsaunukan Mbe da greenbul na zinariya, wanda ba shi da yawa a Najeriya. Tsuntsu mai launin toka yana kusa da barazana.
Gidan shakatawa yana da kusan kashi 78% na nau'in dabbobi da ake samu a Najeriya, gami da chimpanzee na yau da kullun da gorilla na yamma, da guenon na Sclater mai haɗari, biri da drill na Preuss, wanda ke zaune a cikin waɗannan yankunan wurin shakatawa. Sauran manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗa da giwayen gandun daji na Afirka da ke cikin haɗari da kuma buffalo na Afirka. Rukunin na iya ƙunsar chimpanzees 200, kodayake ba a gudanar da bincike ba.
Cibiyar Kare Lekki (LCC)
Cibiyar Kare Lekki (LCC) tana da 78 ha Kare albarkatun ƙasa a Lekki, Jihar Legas Najeriya.
Tarihi
An kafa Cibiyar a cikin shekarar 1990 don zama alamar kiyaye bambancin halittu da cibiyar ilimin muhalli. Kamfanin Chevron Corporation na gidauniyar kiyayewa ta Najeriya (NCF) ce ta gina ginin, a matsayin wurin da aka keɓe don ciyayi da namun daji na Lekki Peninsula. Tuni dai kamfanin ya samar da kudade na shekara-shekara don gudanar da Cibiyar.
Manufar
Gidauniyar kiyayewa ta Najeriya kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ta sadaukar da kai don dorewar ci gaba da kiyaye dabi'a. Har ila yau tana aiki a matsayin yanki na kiyaye halittu da cibiyar wayar da kan muhalli. Gidauniyar tana da nufin adana nau'ikan halittu da muhallin Najeriya, inganta ɗorewa yayin amfani da albarkatun kasa da kuma ba da shawarar ayyukan da ke rage tasirin muhalli da hana barnatar albarkatu. NCF ta yi aiki tukuru don wayar da kai a kan muhalli da inganta alhaki. Cibiyar tana kan babbar hanyar Lekki-Epe a cikin Lekki Peninsula, daura da Chevron.
Bayani
Wurin ajiyar da ke da fadin kasa hectare 78 yana kan gabar tekun Lekki, kusa da tafkin Lekki da kuma kusa da tafkin Legas. Tana ba da kariya ga ciyayi mai dausayi na yankin Lekki wanda ya ƙunshi fadama da wuraren zama na savannah. Kusa da wurin ajiyar, akwai wani tudu na bishiyoyin kwakwa wanda ke kaiwa ga kyakkyawan shimfidar mota da Park Visitors. An ba ta da yalwar tsirrai da na dabbobi. An keɓe katafaren fili na dausayi don kallon namun daji. Hanyoyi masu tasowa suna ba da damar kallon dabbobi kamar birai, kada, maciji da tsuntsaye iri-iri. Akwai kuma wurin kiyayewa da ɗakin karatu. Gidauniyar kiyaye muhalli ta Najeriya ce ke kula da wuraren dausayi, kuma a yanzu haka ta haɗa da wani tsari na hanyoyi guda takwas, tare da hanyoyin tafiya da tsakuwa don tsallaka magudanar ruwa. An gina titin jirgin ruwa a cikin shekarar 1992 don wadatar da ra'ayin 'yan yawon bude ido na dumbin albarkatu na wurin ajiyar yanayi wanda ke lullube kan wani yanki na mangrove. Abubuwan jan hankali na gefen hanyar sun haɗa da yanayin fadama, ɓoye tsuntsu, wuraren hutawa da gidan bishiyar. Shafin 1.8 Hanyar yanayi na kilomita a bayan manyan gine-ginen tana da alaƙa da waƙoƙin katako guda biyu. Hanya mai ƙarfi ta katako wacce ke kaiwa ga hanyar yanayi, tana bayyana shimfidar ƙasa mai faɗi da ciyayi mai cike da ciyayi mai cike da namun daji, gami da wadataccen tsiro da namun ruwa. Akwai kuma wani gidan bishiya wanda ke da tsayin mitoci ashirin da ɗaya dandali inda mutum zai iya kallon wurin shakatawa, wurin baƙo da filin wasan yara a tsakanin itatuwan. Boyewar tsuntsu yana kallon wani fadama/marsh wanda ke da gida ga kadawa da lura da kadangaru. Wurin ajiyar yanayi ya ratsa wani nau'in ciyayi: gandun daji na biyu, dajin fadama da ciyayi na Savanna. Ana iya ganin nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa a nan kuma wannan kuma sanannen wuri ne don balaguron makarantu. Rayuwar dabbobi masu shayarwa, kodayake galibi na dare ana ganin wani lokaci. Kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, da macizai da dama ana samun su a nan. Rayuwar Amphibian ta ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari. Akwai tsari mai siffar mazugi wanda ke aiki a matsayin dakin taro na laccoci, taro da karawa juna sani. A kallo na farko, akwai tarin hotuna masu ban mamaki na nau'ikan dabbobi da ke cikin hatsari da kuma shuke-shuken da aka rubuta a cikin gilashin da ke kusa da zauren.
NECOM House
NECOM House (Tsohon NITEL Tower da kuma gabanin haka, ginin NET ) wani gini ne da ke Legas. An kammala ginin mai hawa 32 a shekarar 1979, kuma yana da hedkwatar NITEL. Hanyoyin sadarwar da ke saman hasumiyar ta zama fitilar hasken wuta ga tashar jirgin ruwa ta Legas. An gina ginin da siminti. Ginin ya kasance mafi tsayi a yammacin Afirka a lokacin da aka kammala. Ndị mgbasa ozi kwuru na e rere ụlọ ahụ na West African Aluminum Products PLC maka ijeri naira anọ n'afọ 2011. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ onye Chief Alani Bankole bụ nna onye bụbu onyeisi ụlọ omebe iwu Naijiria.
Cibiyar Kare Lekki (LCC)
Bayani
An yi kokarin ceto nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban, masu rarrafe da na tsuntsaye daga bacewa. Dabbobin da ke cikin hatsarin sun hada da kudan daji, kada, birai, squirrels, maciji, kada, kadangaru, duikers, manyan beraye da alade. Yayin da itatuwan ke karbar bakuncin birai da sauran nau'ikan birai, wuraren da ke budadden ciyayi na da gida ga bushbucks, maxwell's duikers, manyan beraye, alade, mongooses, hawainiya, squirrels da kuma nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa. Ana kuma samun masu kula da wurin shakatawa a matsayin jagora. Cibiyar Kiyayewar Lekki tana da hanyar tafiya mafi tsayi a Afirka.
Manazarta
<references group="" responsive="1">
Gidan shakatawa na Cross River
Biodiversity
Gidan gorilla ya kunshi tsaka-tsaki, tsaunuka da kuma wuraren savannah da aka samo a cikin wani hadaddun tsaunuka masu tsawo tare da kwari masu tsawo, tare da tsaunuka waɗanda suka tashi har zuwa 2,000m. Babban tushe ga gorillas shine Dutsen Mbe, tare da yawan mutane 30 zuwa 40, ba a riga an haɗa su a cikin wurin shakatawa ba. A shekara ta 2003 an yi tunanin cewa Boshi Extension Forest a arewacin rarrabuwa da Okwa da Ononyi Hills a kudu sun kasance tare da mutane 50-60, gabaɗaya suna zaune a cikin ƙananan mutane kuma sabili da haka suna cikin haɗarin haɗarin kwayar halitta. Gorillas ma suna da rauni ga farauta, amma gabaɗaya mutanen Boki na yankin sun fi son karamin wasa. Koyaya, a lokacin 1990-1998, watakila mafarauta sun kashe gorillas biyu a kowace shekara.
Damuwa
Akwai kimanin ƙauyuka 66 a cikin yankin da ke kewaye da wurin shakatawa, tare da mazauna ƙauyen da ke dogara da wurin shakata don rayuwarsu. Tare da karuwar yawan mutane, ana rasa gandun daji don aikin gona da konewa da kuma katako ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wasu masunta suna amfani da sunadarai (gamalin 20, herbicide) don kashe kifin. An yi tunanin cewa an kawar da nau'o'i uku na primate. Kashe katako, bisa doka da ba bisa ka'ida ba, a cikin yankin da kuma wurin shakatawa da kansa sun haifar da asarar mazauni, kuma hanyoyin katako sun buɗe gandun daji ga masu farauta. Snares da aka saita don kama ƙananan dabbobi suna haifar da rauni ga manyan jinsuna. Makiyaya Fulani sun shiga cikin ajiyar don kiwon shanu tare da Bushi-Ranch axis. Akwai ci gaba da farautar giwaye a kan iyaka tsakanin Najeriya da Kamaru. Babban burin katako ba bisa ka'ida ba shine Carpolobia, Garcinia da ebony, dazuzzuka da ba su da yawa a waje da wurin shakatawa. 'Yan sanda sun yi ƙoƙari su hana waɗannan ayyukan, amma suna da nakasa saboda rashin kuɗi.
mallakar ƙasa a yankin ya kasance tare da ikon ƙasa, wanda dole ne ya sami izinin al'umma don canja wurin ƙasa. Mutanen yankin, tare da dalili, suna da shakku game da alkawuran gwamnati cewa za su sami taimakon tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci don musayar barin ƙasarsu, kuma a maimakon haka suna buƙatar biyan kuɗi mai yawa. Wannan ya yi takaici da kokarin da za a yi na hada da Afi River Forest da Mbe Mountains Community Forest a cikin wurin shakatawa, yana hana ingantaccen kokarin kiyayewa.￼
Halin yawon bude ido
Gwamnatin Tarayya tana neman masu saka hannun jari don bunkasa damar yawon shakatawa na muhalli a cikin wannan da sauran wuraren shakatawa na kasa. An ba wurin shakatawa taken "The Pride Of Nigeria". Garin yawon bude ido, kimanin sa'a daya daga Calabar, zai ba ba baƙi tushe daga inda za su kalli wurin shakatawa, tare da masauki, gidan cin abinci da gidan kayan gargajiya na namun daji. Ayyuka sun haɗa da kallon wasan, kallon tsuntsaye, bin diddigin gorilla, hawan dutse ko yawo, kamun kifi na wasanni, jirgin ruwa da lambun Botanical da Herbarium a Butatong.
Abubuwan jan hankali sun haɗa da Kwa Falls, a cikin wani kunkuntar, mai tsawo kusa da maɓuɓɓugar Kogin Kwa. An ɓoye tafkin zurfi a ƙarƙashin faduwar ruwa a ƙarƙashin babban rufin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi kafin a sare daji. Agbokim ya fadi a kan Kogin Cross ya sauka a cikin kimanin 7 a kan dutse a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Akwai wani karamin lambun kiwon dabbobi da ke da nau'ikan dabbobi da ba a samu a Najeriya ba, wanda ya taimaka wajen ceton wasu nau'o'in da ba a saba gani ba daga halaka.
Dokar mallakar fasaha
Zane-zanen (topography) na haɗaɗɗun da'irori wani fanni ne a cikin kariyar mallakar fasaha.
NECOM House
Wuta
Gidan Necom ya gamu da gobara biyu tun lokacin da aka gina shi; ɗaya a cikin shekarar 1983 wanda ya haifar da babbar illa ga ginin, ɗayan kuma a cikin shekarar 2015  wanda ya shafi saman ginin.
Dokar mallakar fasaha
A cikin dokar mallakar fasaha ta ƙasar Amurka, "aikin abin rufe fuska" tsari ne mai girma biyu ko uku ko hoto na wani hadedde da'ira (IC ko "guntu"), watau tsari akan guntu na'urorin semiconductor kamar transistor da kayan aikin lantarki masu wucewa. kamar resistors da interconnections. Ana kiran shimfidar wuri aikin abin rufe fuska saboda, a cikin ayyukan photolithographic, yawancin etched yadudduka a cikin ainihin ICs an ƙirƙira su ta amfani da abin rufe fuska, wanda ake kira photomask, don ba da izini ko toshe haske a takamaiman wurare, wani lokacin don ɗaruruwan kwakwalwan kwamfuta akan wafer lokaci guda.
Saboda yanayin aikin jumlolin abin rufe fuska, ƙirar da ba za a iya kiyaye su yadda ya kamata a ƙarƙashin dokar haƙƙin mallaka (sai dai ƙila a matsayin kayan ado). Hakazalika, saboda aikin mashin lithographic na mutum ba abu ne mai kariya a sarari ba; Hakanan ba za a iya kiyaye su da kyau a ƙarƙashin dokar haƙƙin mallaka ba, kodayake duk wani tsari da aka aiwatar a cikin aikin yana iya zama haƙƙin mallaka. Don haka tun daga shekarun 1990s, gwamnatocin ƙasa suna ba da haƙƙin mallaka-kamar keɓantaccen haƙƙoƙin da ke ba da keɓancewar lokaci mai iyaka don haifuwa na musamman. Matsakaicin haƙƙin haƙƙin kewayawa yawanci yakan gajarta fiye da haƙƙin mallaka waɗanda ke aiki akan hotuna.
Dokokin kasa da kasa
An gudanar da taron diflomasiyya a Washington, DC, a cikin 1989, wanda ya amince da Yarjejeniya kan Kaddarorin Ilimi game da Haɗin Kai, wanda kuma ake kira Yarjejeniyar Washington ko Yarjejeniyar IPIC. Yarjejeniyar, wacce aka sanya wa hannu a Washington a ranar 26 ga Mayu, shekarata 1989, tana buɗe ne ga ƙasashe membobi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) Hukumar Kula da Kayayyakin Hankali ta Duniya (WIPO) da ƙungiyoyin gwamnatocin da suka cika wasu sharudda. An shigar da yarjejeniyar ta hanyar yin la'akari da yarjejeniyar tafiye -tafiye na kungiyar ciniki ta duniya (WTO), bisa ga gyare-gyare masu zuwa: wa'adin kariya ya kasance akalla shekaru 10 (maimakon shekaru takwas) daga ranar shigar da aikace-aikacen ko na cin kasuwa na farko a duniya, amma Membobi na iya ba da wa'adin kariya na shekaru 15 daga ƙirƙirar shimfidar-tsarin; keɓantaccen haƙƙi na mai ƙaƙƙarfan tsare-tsare, in har ya ci gaba da ƙunsar ƙirar shimfidar wuri da aka sake bugawa ba bisa ka’ida ba; yanayin da za a iya amfani da zane-zane na shimfidawa ba tare da izinin masu haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka ba; wasu ayyukan da aka yi cikin rashin sani ba za su zama ƙeta ba.
Mataki na 35 na tafiye-tafiye dangane da yarjejeniyar IPIC ya ce:"Membobi sun yarda da ba da kariya ga zane-zane-zane (topographies) na haɗaɗɗun da'irori (wanda ake magana da shi a cikin wannan Yarjejeniyar a matsayin 'tsari-tsari') daidai da Articles 2 zuwa 7 (ban da sakin layi na 3 na Mataki na 6), Mataki na 12 da sakin layi 3 na Mataki na ashirin da 16 na Yarjejeniya Ta Hanyar Hankali Game da Haɗin Kai, da kuma, a Bugu da kari, don biyan waɗannan tanadi. Takardun TAFIYA"Mataki na 2 na yarjejeniyar IPIC yana ba da ma'anoni masu zuwa:
Ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar IPIC, kowane Ƙungiya mai Kwangila ya wajaba don tabbatacciyar haƙƙin mallaka, Kuma a duk faɗin yankinta, ko a'a. Irin wannan wajibcin ya shafi zane-zane na asali ta ma'ana cewa sakamakon kokarin basirar mahaliccinsu ne kuma ba ruwan kowa ba ne a tsakanin masu yin shimfidar shimfidar wuri da masu kera na'urori masu hadewa a lokacin halittarsu.
Ƙungiyoyin masu Kwangila dole ne, aƙalla, suyi la'akari da waɗannan ayyuka a matsayin haramun idan an yi su ba tare da izinin mai haƙƙin haƙƙin ba: haifuwa na ƙirar ƙira, da shigo da, siyarwa ko wasu rarraba don dalilai na kasuwanci. layout-tsarin ko haɗaɗɗen da'ira wanda aka haɗa ƙirar-tsarin. Koyaya, ana iya yin wasu ayyuka cikin 'yanci don dalilai masu zaman kansu ko don dalilai kawai na ƙima, bincike, bincike ko koyarwa.
Amurka
Lambar Amurka (USC) ta ayyana aikin abin rufe fuska a matsayin "jerin hotuna masu alaƙa, duk da haka ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ko sanya su, suna da ko wakiltar ƙayyadaddun tsari, nau'i uku na ƙarfe, rufi, ko kayan semiconductor wanda ke nan ko cire su daga yadudduka na samfurin guntu na semiconductor, kuma a cikin abin da dangantakar hotuna da juna ya kasance kamar kowane hoto yana da tsarin saman nau'i ɗaya na samfurin guntu" [(17 USC § 901 (a) (2))]. An fara ba da haƙƙin keɓantaccen aikin abin rufe fuska a cikin Amurka ta Dokar Kariya ta Semiconductor Chip na shekarata 1984.
A cewar 17 USC § 904, hakkoki a cikin abin rufe fuska na semiconductor yana aiki na shekaru 10 na ƙarshe. Wannan ya bambanta da wa'adin shekaru 95 don ayyukan haƙƙin mallaka na zamani tare da marubucin kamfani; 17 _ 17 USC § 117 yana ba da software na kwamfuta. Duk da haka, kamar yadda shari'a ta amince da amfani da adalci a ayyukan haƙƙin mallaka fiye da ɗari ɗari kafin a tsara su a cikin Dokar Haƙƙin mallaka na shekarata 1976, yana yiwuwa kotunan su ma su sami irin wannan kariya ta shafi aikin rufe fuska.
Katy Perry (prison service)
Ilimi da rayuwar sirri
Perry yana da digiri na farko da na biyu a fannin ilimin Islama da Gabas ta Tsakiya daga Jami'ar Hebrew ta Kudus, sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Haifa da Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa. Perry ya auri Ofer Perry, wani ma'aikacin banki mai zaman kansa kuma tsohon VP na Talla a Hukumar Gidan Wasiƙa, kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku.
Biyu daga cikin ’yan’uwan Perry, Ehud Yifrach da S. (wanda daga baya ya zama shaida na jiha) an kama su a cikin 2013 bisa zargin ba da cin hanci ga ma’aikatan Kamfanin Ruwa na Tel Aviv, Mei Avivim. Perry ta matsa wa ma'aikatan IPS su ayyana ɗan'uwanta a matsayin " fursunonin aiki " waɗanda ke yin aikin dafa abinci da tsaftacewa kuma suna samun ƙarin 'yancin motsi a kurkuku. An same su da laifin zamba da cin hanci, kuma sun yi zaman gidan yari daidai da hidimarta a IPS. A gefe guda kuma, an yi zargin cewa ta yanke hulda da dan uwanta a shekarar 2015, kuma ba ta yi kokarin yin tasiri a kan lamarinsu ba.
Ayyuka
Bayan an sake ta, ta yi karatu a Jami’ar Hebrew ta Kudus, kuma a lokacin karatunta ta shiga hidimar kurkuku a 1987.
Ta yi aiki a sashin leken asiri a matsayin jami'ar tantance laifuka kuma a matsayin mai tushe da jami'in kasafin kudi. Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami’ar tantance masu laifi da masu aikata laifuka a gundumar Kudu, sannan ta yi aikin leken asiri a gidan yarin Ayalon. Perry ta yi aiki a Babban Rundunar IDF daga 1982 zuwa 1984.
A watan Afrilun shekarar 2018, an kara mata girma zuwa mukamin kwamishina. A watan Agusta 2019, an naɗa ta Shugabar Gundumar Kudanci a Hidimar Kurkuku ta Isra’ila. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin hedkwatar gundumar a IPS.
A cikin Disamba 2020, Ministan Tsaro na Cikin Gida, Amir Ohana, ya yanke shawarar naɗa Perry a matsayin Kwamishinan IPS na 18.
A ranar 24 ga Janairu, shekarar 2021, an naɗa Perry Kwamishiniyar gidajen yari kuma aka kara mata girma zuwa mukamin Manjo-Gondar.
A lokacin aikinta, hutun kurkukun Gilboa ya faru, don haka Perry ta fuskanci kiraye-kirayen yin murabus.
Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Upper Vaal
Upper Vaal WMA, ko Upper Vaal Water Area (coded: 8), yanki ne na Gudanar da Ruwa wanda ya haɗa da manyan koguna masu kai komo: kamar Kogin Wilge, Kogin Liebenbergsvlei, Kogin Mooi da Kogin Vaal, kuma yana rufe madatsun ruwa masu kai komo:
Iyakoki
Yankunan magudanan ruwa na uku C11 zuwa C13, C21 zuwa C23, da C81 zuwa C83.
Dokar mallakar fasaha
Amurka
Haƙƙoƙin aikin rufe fuska suna da alaƙa da haƙƙin mallaka fiye da sauran haƙƙoƙin keɓaɓɓen kamar haƙƙin mallaka ko alamun kasuwanci. To A gefe guda kuma, ana amfani da su tare da haƙƙin mallaka don kare abin da ake karantawa kawai (ROM) wanda ke ɗauke da software na kwamfuta.
Mawallafin software don na'ura wasan bidiyo na tushen harsashi na iya neman kariya ta lokaci guda na kadarorinsa a ƙarƙashin gine-ginen doka da yawa:
Dokar haƙƙin mallaka ta al'ada ta shafi software mai tushe (tushen, binary) da haruffa na asali da fasaha. To Amma ranar karewa na wa'adin ƙarin haƙƙin keɓantacce a cikin aikin da aka rarraba ta hanyar abin rufe fuska ROM zai dogara ne akan wani ɗan  Fassarar da ba a gwada ainihin buƙatun § 902(b): (b) Kariya a ƙarƙashin wannan babin (watau, azaman aikin abin rufe fuska) ba zai kasance don aikin abin rufe fuska ba wanda -
( 17 USC § 902,  ). A ƙarƙashin fassarar guda ɗaya, aikin abin rufe fuska mai ɗauke da taken wasan gaba ɗaya ba na asali bane, saboda abin rufe fuska ROM gabaɗaya yana iya zama sanannen ƙira, ko ƙaramin bambancin aikin abin rufe fuska don kowane taken farko da aka saki don wasan bidiyo a yankin.
Sauran kasashe
Dokar Ostiraliya tana nufin ayyukan abin rufe fuska a matsayin "shimfidu masu cancanta" ko ELs.
A Kanada ana kiyaye waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ƙarƙashin [Haɗin gwiwar Dokokin Topography (a shekarata 1990, c. 37)].
Suleman Asonya Adokwe
Suleiman Asonya Adokwe dan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma dan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar Nasarawa ta Kudu a majalisar dattawa. An haife shi a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1954 kuma dan kabilar Alago ne.
Israel Polack
Isra'ila Pollak ( ישראל פולק  ; 1909-1993) ɗan Austro-Hungary ne haifaffen Romanian, Chilean da masana'antun masaku na Isra'ila. An fi saninsa da kafa kamfanin Polgat na Isra'ila.
Suleman Asonya Adokwe
Farkon Rayuwa
Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare, Adokwe ya tafi karatu na gaba, inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin zamantakewa, Masters a fannin Nazarin aiki.Ya karanci fannin shari'a kuma ya sami digirin digirgir na shari'a daga nan aka kira shi zuwa Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya.
Dokar mallakar fasaha
Sauran kasashe
A cikin Tarayyar Turai, an gabatar da wani tsari na sui generis da ke kare ƙirar kayan da umarnin 87/54/EEC wanda aka watsa a duk ƙasashe membobin.
Suleman Asonya Adokwe
Aiki
Adokwe ya yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin gwamnatin jihar Nasarawa daga 1979 zuwa 1999. Ya kai matsayin Babban Sakatare, daga nan kuma aka nada shi Kean is human Yada Labarai da Harkokin Cikin Gida daga 2003 zuwa 2006.
Dokar mallakar fasaha
Sauran kasashe
Indiya tana da Dokar Tsare-tsaren Tsare-tsare na Semiconductor Integrated Circuits, shekarar 2000 don irin wannan kariyar.
Israel Polack
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Israel Pollak ga dangin Orthodox na Yahudawa a Borșa, gabas Maramureș. A cikin 1925, ya ƙaura zuwa Gura Humorului, Bukovina, daga baya kuma zuwa Cernăuți. Yayin da yake Cernăuți ya yi karatu a yeshiva da kuma masana'antar masaku. A cikin shekarar 1935, ya kafa wani kamfani na irinsa a cikin birnin.
Suleman Asonya Adokwe
Siyasa
Adokwe ya tsaya takarar sanata a gundumarsa ta Nasarawa ta Kudu a zaben 2007 kuma yayi Nasarawa lashe zaben a jam’iyyar PDP. Bayan ya hau kujerarsa a Majalisar Dattawa a watan Mayun 2007, an nada shi a kwamitocin Majalisar Dattawa, a fannin Tsaro da Leken Asiri, Sojojin Ruwa, Tsare-tsaren Kasa, Man Fetur da Kasuwan hannun Jari. Adokwe yana goyon bayan kungiyoyin kwadago, wanda ya ce zai iya bayar da kyakkyawar suka ga gwamnati, saboda shugabanninsu na gujewa cin hanci da rashawa da goyon bayan dimokuradiyya a cikin kungiyoyin. Adokwe ya sake tsayawa takarar Sanata mai wakiltar Nasarawa ta Kudu a jam’iyyar PDP a zaben Afrilun 2011. An kuma zabar shi karo na biyu, inda ya samu kuri’u 108,844 yayin da Tanko Wambai na jam’iyyar CPC ya samu kuri’u 103,320. Adokwe ya sake tsayawa takara karo na uku a zaben Sanatan Nasarawa ta Kudu a shekarar 2015 a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP inda ya sha kaye a zaben a hannun Arc Salihu H. Egyebola na jam’iyyar APC wanda ya samu kuri’u 95,781 yayin da Adokwe ya samu kuri’u 91,760. Bayan kammala zaben, Adokwe ya garzaya kotun sauraron kararrakin zabe da ke zamanta a jihar Lafia Nasarawa domin kalubalantar nasarar Arc Egyebola. A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2015 kotun ta yi watsi da karar Adokwe saboda rashin cancanta. Da rashin gamsuwa da hukuncin, Adokwe ya garzaya kotun daukaka kara a jihar ta Markurdi Benue, daga bisani kotun daukaka kara ta tabbatar dashi matsayin wanda yayi nasara. Daga nan ne kotun ta umarci INEC da ta mayar da Sanata Adokwe a matsayin zababben dan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar mazabar Nasarawa ta Kudu.
Dokar mallakar fasaha
Sauran kasashe
Japan ta dogara da "Dokar Game da Tsarin Da'irar Na'urar Haɗin Kan Semiconductor".
Israel Polack
Sana'ar kasuwanci
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ya yi hijira zuwa Chile inda ɗan'uwansa Marcos ya yi hijira kafin yakin. A can tare da 'yan uwansa da surukai ya kafa "Pollak Hnos." kamfanin yadi. A cikin 1960, Pinhas Sapir, Ministan Masana'antu na Isra'ila a lokacin, ya gayyaci Pollak don yin aliyah da kuma kafa masana'anta a Kiryat Gat. Sabon kamfani na Pollak, Polgat, ya girma zuwa kamfani mafi girma na yadi, tufafi da kuma saƙa a Isra'ila. A ƙarshe ya zama kamfani na jama'a wanda aka yi ciniki da hannun jari a kasuwar hannun jari ta Tel Aviv. A cikin 1970, Pollaks sun kafa Bagir, sashin maza don kwat da riguna.
Dokar mallakar fasaha
Sauran kasashe
Brazil ta kafa Doka No. 11484, na shekarata 2007, don tsara kariya da rajistar haɗe-haɗe da hotuna.
Israel Polack
Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin shekarar 1990, an ba Pollak lambar yabo ta Isra'ila saboda gudummawa ta musamman ga al'umma da ƙasar Isra'ila.
A cikin shekarar 1992, Jami'ar Ibrananci da ke Urushalima ta karrama shi.
A cikin shekarar 1993, Technion ya karrama shi a Haifa.
Uganda Green Party
Jam'iyyar Green Party ta Uganda, jam'iyyar siyasa ce mai kalar kore a Uganda. Jam'iyyar ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta himmatu wajen kyautata yanayin muhalli maimakon siyasa. Babban manufarta ita ce kare muhalli da wuraren zama.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Jam'iyyun siyasa sun yi rajista da hukumar zabe ta Uganda
Bikin Kalibi
Bikin Kalibi biki ne na shekara-shekara da sarakuna da mutanen Sankana, wani gari a gundumar Nadowli-Kaleo da ke Yankin Upper West na Ghana. Yawancin lokaci ana yin bikin ne a cikin watan Afrilu.
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don tunawa da nasarar da mutanen yankin suka samu akan maharan bayi da Babatu da Samori ke jagoranta a shekara ta 1896. Haka nan kuma ya zama lokacin da ake roƙon kakanni lafiya da wadata.
Haƙƙin Dokokin Ayyukan Jama'a
Haƙƙin Dokokin Ayyukan Jama'a a ƙasar Indiya sun ƙunshi dokoki na doka waɗanda ke ba da garantin isar da sabis na sabis na jama'a daban-daban da gwamnati ke bayarwa ga ɗan ƙasa tare da samar da hanyar hukunta ma'aikacin gwamnati da ya gaza wajen ba da sabis ɗin da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin doka. Dokar ‘yancin yin hidima na nufin rage cin hanci da rashawa a tsakanin jami’an gwamnati da kuma kara nuna gaskiya da rikon amana a tsakanin jama’a. Madhya Pradesh ta zama jiha ta farko a Indiya da ta kafa dokar Haƙƙin Hidima a ranar 18 ga Agustan shekara ta 2010 kuma Bihar ita ce ta biyu da ta zartar da wannan doka a ranar 25 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011. Yawancin wasu jihohi kamar Bihar, Delhi, Punjab, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand Maharashtra da West Bengal sun gabatar da irin wannan doka don aiwatar da haƙƙin yin hidima ga ɗan ƙasa.
Tsarin tsari
Tsarin gama gari na dokokin a jihohi daban-daban sun haɗa da, ba da “haƙƙin ayyukan jama’a”, wanda jami’in da aka naɗa zai ba jama’a cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci. Ayyukan jama'a waɗanda za a ba su a matsayin haƙƙi a ƙarƙashin dokoki ana sanar da su gabaɗaya ta hanyar sanarwar Gazette. Wasu daga cikin ayyukan jama'a na gama gari waɗanda za a yi a cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci a matsayin haƙƙi a ƙarƙashin Ayyukan Manzanni, sun haɗa da ba da takardar shaidar kabilanci, haihuwa, aure da na gida, haɗin lantarki, katin jefa ƙuri'a, katunan rabo, kwafin bayanan ƙasa, da sauransu.
Za a iya daukaka kara daga odar hukumar daukaka kara ta farko zuwa ga hukumar daukaka kara ta biyu, wacce za ta iya karba ko kin amincewa da bukatar, ta hanyar yin odar a rubuce da ke bayyana dalilan umarnin da kuma kusanci ga mai bukata, kuma zai iya ba da umarni. ma'aikacin gwamnati don ba da sabis ga mai nema ko zai iya zartar da hukunci ga jami'in da aka zaɓa saboda ƙarancin sabis ba tare da wani dalili mai ma'ana ba, wanda zai iya kama daga Rs. 500 zuwa Rs. 5000 ko yana iya ba da shawarar shari'ar ladabtarwa. Ana iya biyan mai nema daga hukuncin da aka yanke wa jami'in. An baiwa hukumomin daukaka karar wasu iko na Kotun Farar Hula yayin da suke kokarin kara karkashin Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, kamar samar da takardu da bayar da sammaci ga jami'an da aka zaba da masu daukaka kara.
Bikin Willa
Bikin Willa biki ne na shekara -shekara wanda sarakuna da mutanen Takpo ke yi a gundumar Nadowli da ke Yankin Upper West na Ghana. Yawancin lokaci ana yin bikin ne a cikin watan Afrilu. Wasu kuma suna da'awar an yi bikin ne a watan Maris.
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don yin godiya ga allan kakanninsu, neman jagora da kariya da kwantar da alloli na haramin Wilaa.
Bikin Ahumkan
Bikin Ahumkan biki ne na shekara -shekara wanda sarakuna da mutanen Kibi da ke Yankin Gabashin Ghana ke yi. Yawancin lokaci ana yin bikin ne a cikin watan Yuni.
Ciwon huhu
Ciwon huhu yanayi ne mai kumburin huhu da farko yana shafar kananan buhunan iska da aka sani da alveoli. Alamun yawanci sun hada da wasu hadewar tari mai albarka ko bushewa, ciwon ƙirji, zazzabi, da wahalar numfashi. Tsananin yanayin yana canzawa.
Bikin Ahumkan
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Ciwon huhu
Yawanci ana haifar da ciwon huhu ta hanyar kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta ko kwayoyin cuta kuma kasa da kasa ta wasu kananan kwayoyin cuta, wasu magunguna ko yanayi kamar cututtuka na autoimmune. Abubuwan hadari sun hada da cystic fibrosis, cututtukan huhu na huhu (COPD), cutar sikila, asma, ciwon sukari, gazawar zuciya, tarihin shan taba, rashin iya tari (kamar bin bugun jini), da raunin garkuwar jiki. Ana gano cutar sau da yawa akan alamomi da gwajin jiki. X-ray na kirji, gwajin jini, da al'adun sputum na iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da ganewar asali. Ana iya rarraba cutar ta inda aka samo ta, kamar al'umma- ko asibiti da aka samo ko ciwon huhu mai alaka da lafiya.
Bikin Ahumkan
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don nuna alamar wani abin da ya faru a baya. Mutanen yankin suna tabbatar da amincinsu ga manyansu.
Jamhuriyyar Kalakuta
Jamhuriyar Kalakuta ita ce sunan mawaki kuma dan gwagwarmayar siyasa Fela Kuti ya ba wa rukunin jama'a da ke ɗauke da danginsa, 'yan kungiyarsa, da ɗakin ɗaukar hoto. Tana a 14 Agege Motor Road, Idi-Oro, Mushin, Lagos, Nigeria, tana da asibitin kiwon lafiya kyauta, da wurin yin rikodin. Fela ya ayyana ta mai cin gashin kanta daga jihar da gwamnatin mulkin soji ke mulka bayan ya dawo daga Amurka a shekarar 1970. Gidan ya kone kurmus a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 1977 bayan farmakin da sojoji dubu suka kai musu.
Ciwon huhu
Akwai alluran rigakafi don hana wasu nau'ikan ciwon huhu. Sauran hanyoyin rigakafin sun hada da wanke hannu da rashin shan taba. Jiyya ya dogara da ainihin dalilin. Ciwon huhu da aka yi imani da shi na kwayoyin cuta ana bi da shi da maganin rigakafi. Idan ciwon huhu ya yi tsanani, gabaɗaya wanda ya kamu da cutar yana kwance a asibiti. Ana iya amfani da maganin oxygen idan matakan oxygen yayi kasa.
Jamhuriyyar Kalakuta
Asalin suna
"Kalakuta" ta kasance ba'a ga gidan kurkuku mai suna "Calcutta" da Fela ke zaune. Asalin sunan ya samo asali ne daga sanannen Black Hole na gidan kurkukun Calcutta a Indiya.
Ciwon huhu
Kowace shekara, ciwon huhu yana shafar kusan mutane miliyan 450 a duk duniya (kashi 7% na yawan jama'a) kuma yana haifar da mutuwar kusan miliyan 4. Tare da gabatar da maganin rigakafi da alluran rigakafi a cikin karni na 20, rayuwa ta inganta sosai. Duk da haka, a kasashe masu tasowa, da ma a cikin manya, kanana da masu fama da rashin lafiya, ciwon huhu ya kasance kan gaba wajen mutuwa. Ciwon huhu yakan gajarta lokacin wahala tsakanin waɗanda ke kusa da mutuwa don haka ana kiransa "abokin tsohon".
Jamhuriyyar Kalakuta
Batun waƙa
Kafin harin da aka kai gidan Fela, ya yi wani tarihin da ake kira Zombie, game da mulkin sojan Najeriya. A cikin wani bakin waƙa, waƙar, an kira sunan sojoji da aljannu don yin biyayya ga umarni a makance. Ɗaya daga cikin layin waƙar, a Yammacin Afirka Pidgin Turanci, ya ce, "Zombie no go walk sai dai in ka ce in yi tafiya", watau, aljan ba zai yi tafiya ba sai an umarce shi. Fela dai ya ji takaicin irin matsayin da sojojin Najeriya ke da shi wanda ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma tsoratar da al’ummarsu daga masu hannu da shuni da masu hannu da shuni, tare da yin makauniyar bin umarni na tsoratar da ‘yan Najeriya.
Wakar ta shahara a Najeriya, inda ta harzuka shugaban kasa Janar Olusegun Obasanjo. Sojoji dai ba su ji daɗin sukar da Fela ke yi a kai a kai ba, inda suka ce bai dace a samu jamhuriya a cikin jamhuriya ba. Tabloid na Najeriya na ɗauke da tatsuniyoyi masu daɗi amma ba a tabbatar da su ba na ƴan matan da aka lalatar da su harabar gidan da kuma lalata da 'yan ƙungiyar Fela suka yi.
Hari
A yayin harin da sojojin Najeriya suka kai a Jamhuriyar Kalakuta, an jefar da mahaifiyar Fela, Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Thomas daga tagar hawa na biyu. Ta rasu ne bayan ta shafe kusan makonni takwas a cikin suma.
Fela ya gaza a shirinsa na farko na bikin cika shekara guda da korar jamhuriyar Kalakuta inda ya auri wasu mawakansa 27 da ke goyon bayansa a wani bikin daurin aure a ofishin lauyansa, Tunji Braithwaite. Bayan kwana biyu, a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairun, 1978, ya auri wasu mata 27 da aka fi sani da “Sarauniya” a asirce a otal din Parisona da ke kan titin Ikorodu a Legas. Fela ya ce ba zai yi huldar auratayya da dukkan matan ba kamar yadda tabo ya nuna, amma ya aurar da su ne saboda ba su samu aikin yi ba bayan an kona ɗakin ɗaukar hoton. A cewar Fela, a al’adar Yarbawa, idan mace ta kasance cikin hatsarin zama a cikinta, ya zama wajibi namiji a cikin al’ummarta ya aure ta a matsayin hanyar ba da kariya.
Gidan tarihi
A cikin shekarar 2012, Babatunde Fashola, Gwamnan Legas, ya fara wani shiri na sake gina gidan da mayar da shi gidan tarihi. A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba, 2012 ne aka buɗe gidan tarihi na Jamhuriyar Kalakuta a hukumance, domin tunawa da cikar Fela shekaru 74 da haihuwa. Ya ƙunshi nunin tufafin Fela, kayan Kiɗa da zane-zane, da gidan abinci da otal.
Bikin Gyenpren
Bikin Gyenpren biki ne na shekara -shekara wanda sarakuna da mutanen Kwahu Tafo a Yankin Gabashin Ghana ke yi. Yawancin lokaci ana yin bikin ne a cikin watan Yuni.
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don nuna alamar wani abin da ya faru a baya.
Ebenezer Ako-Adjei
Dr. Ebenezer Ako Adjei (17 ga Yuni 1916 - 14 ga Janairun shekarar 2002) ɗan asalin ƙasar Ghana ne, ɗan siyasa, lauya kuma ɗan jarida. Ya kuma kasance memba na ƙungiyar United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC), jam'iyyar siyasa ta farko ta Ghana (sannan Gold Coast). A matsayinsa na uban kafa na Ghana, yana daya daga cikin shugabannin UGCC da aka tsare a lokacin fafutukar neman 'yancin kan Ghana daga Burtaniya, kungiyar da aka fi sani da Manyan Shida.
An haife shi a Adjeikrom, ƙaramin ƙauye a yankin Akyem Abuakwa, Ako Adjei ya yi karatun sa na manyan jami'a a Amurka da Ingila. Bayan karatunsa a ƙasashen waje, ya dawo gida don shiga cikin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar Gold Coast don samun 'yancin siyasa ta hanyar shiga United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) a matsayin memba na kafa. Ako Adjei ya taka rawa wajen shigar da Kwame Nkrumah cikin fagen siyasar Ghana lokacin da ya bashi shawarar cikakken mukamin Sakataren Shirye -shiryen UGCC.
Bayan samun 'yancin kan Ghana, Ako Adjei ya yi aiki a wurare daban -daban na siyasa ciki har da zama Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Adalci na sabuwar ƙasar da aka haifa, Ghana. Ya kuma zama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Ghana na farko lokacin da aka canza mukamin daga Ministan Harkokin Waje zuwa Ministan Harkokin Waje a watan Mayun shekarar 1961. Ako Adjei duk da haka an hana shi harkokin siyasa bayan an tsare shi bisa zargin shirya makircin kashe shugaban kasa na lokacin Kwame Nkrumah a harin bam na Kulungugu a 1962.
Kogin Zinariya
An haifi Ebenezer Ako Adjei a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1916 a Adjeikrom a yankin Akyem Abuakwa. Adjeikrom ƙaramin al'umma ne masu aikin gona da aka samu a Yankin Gabashin Ghana (sannan Kogin Zinariya). Mahaifinsa shine Samuel Adjei, manomi kuma dan kasuwa, wanda ake tunanin sunan Ako Adjei inda aka haife shi, kuma mahaifiyarsa Johanna Okaile Adjei. Duk iyayen sun fito ne daga La, wani yanki kusa da tekun bakin teku a Accra. Yana da 'yan'uwa maza da mata da yawa amma shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin yaran mahaifinsa.
Iliminsa na farko ya fara ne a Yankin Gabas a Makarantar Firamare ta Busoso Railway, inda ya yi tafiyar mil 14 zuwa makaranta ya dawo gida. An kai shi Accra inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Junior ta La Presbyterian tun daga aji 3. Bai iya yaren Ga wanda shine yaren mahaifiyarsa ba, duk da haka, yana iya karatu da rubuta Twi, kuma yana magana da Dangme. Ya ci gaba a Babban Makarantar La Presbyterian har zuwa 1933 lokacin da ya isa Standard Six. A cikin Maris 1933 ya ci nasarar samun gurbin karatu don yin karatu a Makarantar Grammar Christ Church, makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta wacce ke kan gaba. Ya koma Babban Makarantar La Presbyterian bayan wata guda a Makarantar Grammar Christ Church saboda baya son makarantar.
Daga nan aka shawo kan mahaifinsa don ya tura shi Accra Academy, sannan wata makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta tana ƙoƙarin neman ƙafafunta ta hanyar taimakon matasa masu ƙwazo. A watan Afrilu 1933 ya shiga Accra Academy kuma yana son ta a can. Ya yi tafiyar mil hudu daga La zuwa Jamestown (inda makarantar take a lokacin), saboda ba zai iya biyan kudin motar bas wanda kusan pence biyu ne. A cikin 1934 ya zauna don jarrabawar Junior Cambridge kuma ya wuce. Yayin da yake Accra Academy, ya sami matsala wajen biyan kuɗin littattafan, duk da haka, wani memba na ma’aikatan, Mista Halm Addo (ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa makarantar), ya kasance yana taimaka masa da kuɗin littattafai. A watan Disamba, 1936 yana ɗaya daga cikin candidatesan takarar da Accra Academy ta gabatar don Babban Makarantar Cambridge da ta bar Jarrabawar Shedar. Daga cikin 'yan takarar da suka ci jarabawar, guda biyu ne kacal suka samu kebewa daga Hukumar Jarabawar Matriculation London. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan ɗaliban shine Ako Adjei.
Ya yi koyarwa na ɗan lokaci a Kwalejin Accra a 1937 kafin ya shiga ƙaramin ma'aikacin farar hula a watan Yuni 1937. Daga Yuni 1937 zuwa Disamba 1938 ya kasance Babban Jami'in Ma'aikata na Ƙasa na biyu a cikin Ma'aikatan farar hula na Gold Coast. An ba shi aiki don taimakawa Harold Cooper, Mataimakin Sakataren Mulkin Mallaka na Turawa, da JES de Graft-Hayford don tsarawa da kafa Sabis ɗin Watsawa na Gold Coast.
A lokacin da yake karatu a Accra Academy Ako Adjei yana sha’awar aikin jarida, ya rubuta wa jaridar African Morning Post, wata jarida ta Nnamdi Azikiwe, wanda daga baya ya zama shugaban Najeriya na farko. Azikiwe ya kuma nuna sha'awar sa kuma ya shirya masa karatu a Jami'ar Lincoln, Pennsylvania, Amurka. A watan Nuwamba 1938, ya yi murabus daga aikin farar hula ya tafi Ingila a watan Disambar wannan shekarar.
Amurka
A cikin Janairu 1939, ya isa Jami'ar Lincoln, Pennsylvania don maraba da K.A.B. Jones-Quartey, ɗalibi daga Gold Coast wanda Ako Adjei ya sani saboda aikinsa tare da Accra Morning Post. Jones-Quartey ya kasance tare da shi don maraba da shi ta wani ɗalibin Gold Coast wanda aka gabatar da shi a matsayin Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah (Kwame Nkrumah). A Jami'ar Lincoln an zaunar da shi a Zauren Houston kuma ya buga wa jami'ar ƙwallon ƙafa (ƙwallon ƙafa). Ya yi rajista don kwasa -kwasai a Kimiyyar Siyasa, Tattalin Arziki, Sociology, Turanci, Latin da Falsafa.
Ako Adjei ya raba daki ɗaya a Hall Houston tare da Jones-Quartey kuma ɗakinsu yana gaban ɗakin Nkrumah, wanda ya fi girma girma saboda Nkrumah ɗalibi ne na gaba da digiri. Ako Adjei ya kulla alaka ta kud -da -kud da Nkrumah duk da gibin shekaru da da alama akwai tsakanin su. Tare da gungun ɗalibai, galibi suna tattaunawa mai zafi (wanda aka sani da zaman bijimin) game da 'yantar da ƙasashen Afirka daga mamayar mulkin mallaka. Daga cikin ɗaliban Afirka waɗanda ke shiga cikin tattaunawar akai-akai akwai Jones-Quartey, Ozuomba Mbadiwe, Nwafor Orizu da Ikechukwu Ikejiani.
Ƙasar Ingila
Ako Adjei ya koma Ingila don ci gaba da burinsa na zama lauya. Aikin koyarwarsa a Jami'ar Fisk ya ba shi kuɗi don yin rajista a Haikali Mai Ciki a farkon watan Mayu 1944. Ko da yake ya sami isasshen kuɗi don fara karatun yana buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi don kammala shi. Mahaifinsa ya yi hayar wani ɗan gidan dangi wanda ke Lane na Ofishin Jakadancin da ke Accra ga wani ɗan kasuwa na Lebanon kan fam 10 a shekara don shekaru hamsin (50) kuma ya ɗauki hayar shekaru talatin (30) a gaba. Mahaifinsa ya mutu kafin a kammala tattaunawar don haka shi da 'yan uwansa sai da suka rattaba hannu kan takardu kafin dan kasuwa na Lebanon ya biya jimlar £ 300.
A Biritaniya, Ako Adjei ya kasance mai sha'awar siyasa mai mulkin mallaka. Bayan kawo karshen yakin duniya na biyu, wasu yan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Asiya sun sami 'yancin kai, wannan ya sanya daliban mulkin mallaka daga Yammacin Afirka sun fi damuwa da yanayin gida kuma ya sa suka nemi a soke mulkin mallaka a Afirka ta Yamma.
Ako Adjei ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a kungiyar Daliban Afirka ta Yamma (WASU) kuma ya zama shugabanta. Nkrumah ya isa Biritaniya a cikin 1945, 'yan makonni bayan isowarsa London, Ako Adjei ya rutsa da shi a lokacin zagayen sa a matsayin shugaban WASU. Nkrumah yana fuskantar matsalolin masauki kuma a sakamakon haka ya karɓe shi a lambarsa ta No.25 Lauvier Road, har sai ya sami masauki (Nkrumah) a lamba 60 Burghley Road, kusa da Tufnel Park Tube Station. Nkrumah yana zaune a wurin har ya bar London a 1947. Daga nan Ako Adjei ya gabatar da Nkrumah ga WASU da Kojo Botsio wanda daga baya ya zama na hannun daman Nkrumah. Da yake tunawa da kwanakinsa na WASU, Ako Adjei ya ba da labari, “Lokacin da Nkrumah ya isa London na kasance Shugaban WASU a lokacin. Na dauki Nkrumah zuwa Sakatariyar WASU inda na gabatar da shi ga Kankam Boadu da Joe Appiah, wadanda sauran membobin kwamitin zartarwa ne na WASU, da Kojo Botsio wanda a lokacin muka yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Dakunan kwanan dalibai, a No.l South Villas, Garin Camden, London NWI Dole ne in ce zuwan Nkrumah da shiga cikin aikin WASU ya ƙarfafa Ƙungiyar. A kan wannan yanayin ne muka shirya Babban Taron Pan-African Congress wanda aka yi a Manchester a 1945 tare da George Padmore da Nkrumah a matsayin Sakatarorin Hadin gwiwa da ni kaina a matsayin daya daga cikin masu shirya ayyukan. "
Ako Adjei ya ci dukkan jarabawar sa ta Bar kuma an kira shi zuwa mashaya a Haikali na ciki a cikin Janairu 1947.
Koma zuwa Kogin Zinariya
Ako Adjei ya dawo Kogin Zinariya a watan Mayu 1947 kuma a watan Yuni 1947, ya yi rajista a mashayar Ghana. Nufinsa na farko shi ne ya kafa "sarkar jaridu" don ci gaba da tayar da zaune tsaye, kwas ɗin da ya sadaukar da kansa yayin da yake London. Duk da haka, bai iya fara jaridu ba saboda yanayin kuɗin sa a lokacin, daga baya ya shiga ɗakin Adumoa-Bossman da Co don yin aiki a matsayin mai aikin lauya mai zaman kansa.