cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Anthony Ukpabi Asika
Anthony Ukpabi Asika (28 ga Yuni 1936 - 14 ga Satumba 2004) ya kasance ma'aikacin ilimi kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati a Najeriya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya a zamanin mulkin soja na Janar Yakubu Gowon, wanda aka nada lokacin da wanda ya gada, gwamnan yankin Gabas Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, ya jagoranci jihar Biafra zuwa ballewa.
Hussaini Akil
Hakoah Sydney City Gabas da Bankston
A cikin Shekarar 2016 Akil ya shiga Hakoah Sydney City East, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 10 a lokacin shekarar 2016 NPL NSW. A cikin shekara ta 2017 ya koma Bankston City FC, yana wasa wasanni 24 kuma ya zira kwallaye biyu a cikin shekara ta 2017 NPL NSW 2.
St George FC
Akil ya koma NPL NSW 2 ta St George FC a cikin shekara ta 2018, inda ya buga wasanni 25 kuma ya ci 10 a kakarsa ta farko. A cikin 2019, a matsayin kyaftin na kulob din, Akil ya buga wasanni 24 kuma ya ci 5. A shekarar 2020, ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni biyu.
Anthony Ukpabi Asika
Bayan Fage
An haifi Asika a Onitsha a jihar Anambra ta zamani a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1936. Mahaifinsa shine Edward Obiozo Asika na Daular Ijelekpe a ƙauyen Ogbeoza, Onitsha. Ya yi karatu a matsayin St. Patrick's College, Calabar, Edo College and University College, yanzu Jami'ar Ibadan. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda na Majalisar Garin Onitsha (1953), Ma'aikaci a Sashen Kasuwanci da Fitar da kaya, Legas, Ma'aikaci a Hukumar Talla ta Arewacin Najeriya, Kano. Asika ya yi karatu a Jami'ar California, Berkeley a Amurka daga 1961 zuwa 1965 sannan ya zama malami a Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Ibadan tsakanin 1965 zuwa 1967. Malami ne mai ilimi.
Hussaini Akil
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A cikin shekarar 2008 Hussein ya wakilci Australia a matakin U-19 Schoolboy, inda ya halarci wasannin sada zumunta na kasa da kasa a Burtaniya.
A cikin shekarar 2010, Kocin Emile Rustom ya kira Akil zuwa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 23 ta Lebanon, don wasan sada zumunci da Syria a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba. An maye gurbin Akil a filin wasa a minti na 45 da fara wasa da Mohamad Haidar, yayin da Lebanon ta ci 2-0.
Anthony Ukpabi Asika
Administrata na Gabas ta Tsakiya
An nada Asika a matsayin mai kula da Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya a watan Oktoban 1967 a lokacin yakin basasar Biafra, wanda aka kafa a Enugu wanda a zahiri shi ne babban birnin jihar da ta balle. Rediyon Biyafara ya yi amfani da laƙabin “Lord Haw Haw” ga Asika, wanda ya kasance ɗan asalin Igbo mai goyon bayan gwamnatin tarayya. Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare a 1970 yana da alhakin gudanar da babban ɓangaren tsoffin yankunan Biafra. An ce gwamnatinsa tana fama da yunwa da kudi. Ya yi matukar adawa da kirkiro sabbin jihohi. Yayin da yake gwamna, shi ma memba ne a Kwamitin Fasaha kan Binciken Ƙididdigar Ƙasa daga 1973 zuwa 1975.
Sana'a daga baya
Asika daga baya shi ne Jagoran tawagar tawagar shugaban kasa zuwa Nijar, Chadi da Kamaru wadanda suka tattauna akan sake bude iyakokin Najeriya a shekarar 1985. Asika ta sha fama da bugun jini a shekarar 1996, tana bukatar kulawar likita mai yawa, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ba ta da lafiya. Ya rasu a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2004.
Asika ta auri marigayi Cif Mrs. Chinyere Asika, kuma ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya uku: Obi, Nkiru da Uju.
Elsa Chyrum
Elizabeth Chyrum, wacce aka fi sani da Elsa Chyrum, 'yar fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ce ta Eritiriya da ke zaune a Burtaniya.
Ƙuruciya da ilimi
An haifi Elizabeth Chyrum a Burtaniya (Birtaniya).
Kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Eritrea
Chyrum ta zama mai fafutuka wajen kare hakkin dan Adam na Eritrea lokacin da aka kori 'yan Eritrea da Habasha 70,000 zuwa Eritrea a lokacin yakin Eritriya da Habasha wanda kuma ya fara a shekarar 1998. Ita da sauran 'yan Eritrea a Turai sun kirkiro Network of Eritrean Professionals in Europe don mayar da martani. Chyrum ta ziyarci Eritrea a tsakiyar shekarar 2001, inda ta shaida yadda ake azabtarwa da daure daliban jami'a 2000, sannan ta koma Birtaniya. Ta taimaka wajen samo 'yan Eritriya don 'Yancin Dan Adam da Dimokuradiyya a Burtaniya (EHDR-UK), Gabas da Horn of Africa Masu Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (EHAHRDP) da Human rights concern (HRCE). A cikin 2000s, an yi wa Chyrum kamfen kuma ta taimaka wajen sakin 'yan gudun hijirar Eritriya a Libya, Malta, Saudi Arabia, da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami mafakar siyasa a Turai, Australia da Kanada.
Chyrum ta yi kamfen a Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHRC) don a mai da hankali kan take hakkin dan Adam a Eritrea. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun nadin wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan kasar Eritrea, Sheila B. Keetharuth. Chyrum ta halarci taron UNHRC tana la'akari da nadin, yayi magana da kansa ga jami'an diflomasiyyar da ke cikin taron, tana ba da "shaida ta farko". Ta yi magana da kanta da kowane ɗaya daga cikin ’yan Eritriya shida da suka halarci taron.
A cikin watan Maris 2014, Chyrum ta fara yajin cin abinci a Geneva a gaban tawagar dindindin na Djibouti, a madadin 'yan gudun hijirar Eritrea 267 da aka tsare a Djibouti. Ta bayyana cewa ana kula da ‘yan gudun hijirar a matsayin masu aikata laifuka kuma ba a basu isasshiyar kulawar lafiya ba. Chyrum ta bayar da hujjar cewa a karkashin yarjejeniyar Geneva, da yarjejeniyar 1967 da ta shafi matsayin 'yan gudun hijira da kuma Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan 'Yancin Bil Adama da Jama'a, Djibouti ta zama wajibi ta baiwa 'yan Eritrea kariya da 'yanci daga zalunci.
Chyrum yayi ƙoƙarin tallafawa 220 (ko 250  ) 'yan gudun hijirar Eritrea a Malta waɗanda aka yi barazanar korar su zuwa Eritrea a 2002. Ta ba da shawarar cewa su tube tsirara a matsayin dabarar rashin biyayya ga jama'a don hana korar su. An kai 'yan gudun hijirar zuwa Eritrea, kuma an azabtar da 180 tare da yi musu tambayoyi. Chyrum ta bayyana cewa an gudanar da mutum na tsawon kwanaki 55 a cikin jirgin helikwafta, a yanayin zafi har zuwa 50 C, bayan da fatarsa ta zare aka tsare shi tsawon wata takwas tare da daure hannu daya da hannu a bayansa. Dan gudun hijirar ya tsira kuma yana karatun doka a Kanada a shekarar 2015, a cewar Chyrum. Ilimi game da makomar 'yan gudun hijirar na shekarar 2002 ya haifar da goyon bayan jama'a da gwamnati ga 'yan gudun hijirar Eritrea a Malta. A shekarar 2015, Chyrum ta ziyarci Malta inda ya gana da tsohon shugaban Malta George Abela da Dionysus Mintoff, wani limamin coci, wanda shi ma ya yi kamfen don nuna adawa da korar 'yan gudun hijirar.
Tun daga 2021, Chyrum ta kasance darektan Kula da Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Eritrea, wacce ta kafa.
Abubuwan ra'ayi
A shekarar 2015, Chyrum ta danganta manyan dalilan da 'yan Eritrea ke neman mafaka ga zaluncin gwamnati, rashin daidaiton tattalin arziki, tsawon shekaru 20 na aikin soja, leken asirin gwamnati kan talakawan kasa, rashin yanayin kiwon lafiya. Ta ce, "zaka iya fahimtar da kanka dalilin da yasa mutane zasu gwammace su mutu a teku, ko kuma yayin da suke tsallaka hamadar Sahara, da su ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin wannan halin."
Chyrum ta bayyana a shekarar 2015 cewa yana da wahala a ci gaba da cin zarafin bil adama na duniya a Eritrea.
Kyauta
Al'ummar Eritiriya Don 'Yancin Dan Adam da Kariyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira sun ba Chyrum lambar yabo mai daraja ta musamman a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni 2009 saboda "Yaƙin neman 'yancin ɗan adam, gabaɗaya, da aikinta na rashin gajiyawa tare da 'yan gudun hijira, musamman". Asmarino Media Independent Media ta ayyana Chyrum a matsayin "mace mafi kyawun shekara" na 2012 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga 'yancin ɗan adam na Eritrea.
Afrikaans
Afrikaans yare ne na Yammacin Jamus wanda akasari ana magana dashi a Afirka ta Kudu da Namibia. Yaren ne yaren da ya bunkaysa tsakanin baƙi na AfrikanFurotesta, ma'aikata marasa matsuguni, da bayi da Kamfanin Dutch East India ( Dutch  suka kawo yankin Cape a kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu. - VOC) tsakanin 1652 da 1705. Yawancin waɗannan farkon mazaunan sun fito ne daga Proasar Lardin (yanzu Netherlands ), kodayake akwai da yawa daga Jamus, wasu daga Faransa, kaɗan daga Scotland, da wasu ƙasashe daban-daban. Marassa aikin da bayin sun kasance 'yan Malas, da Malagasy ban da Khoi da Bushmen ' yan asalin ƙasar.
Bincike na JA Heese ya ce har zuwa shekarar 1807, kashi 36.8% na magabatan Fararen Afrikaans masu magana da yaren Holland ne, 35% Bajamushe ne, 14.6% Faransanci ne kuma 7.2% ba farare ba (asalin Afirka da / ko Asiya ). Sauran masu binciken suna tambaya game da adadi na Heese, amma, kuma musamman ma abubuwan da ba fari ba da Heese ta ambata suna cikin shakka.
Ƙananan tsiraru daga waɗanda suka yi magana da Afirkaans a matsayin yare na farko ba fari ba ne. Yaren ya zama sananne da "Cape Dutch". Daga baya, wani lokacin ana kiran Afrikaans "African Dutch" ko "Dutch Dutch". An dauki Afirkaans a matsayin yaren Dutch har zuwa farkon karni na 20, lokacin da ya fara yaduwa sosai a matsayin yare daban. Sunan Afrikaans a sauƙaƙe kalmar Dutch ce ta Afirka, kuma yaren kuma nau'in Afirka ne na Yaren mutanen Holland.
Mallam Musa
Sarki Mallam Musa shine sarkin farkon na ƙabilar Fulani inda shine ya assasa gidan Ƙabilar Mallawa a masarautar Zazzau. Mallam Musa yayi mulki daga shekarar 1804 zuwa 1821. Mallam Musa ya amshi tutar Musulunci daga Mujaddadi Usman Dan Fodiyo. Mallam Musa ya amshi sarauta ne daga hannun Sarkin Haɓe (Hausa) na karshe mai suna Makau inda ya kafa bangaren Daular Musulunci ta Sokoto a Zariya a karkashin tutan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodio.
Tarihi
Asalin garin zaria sarakunan Haɓe ne ke mulkan su, wanda sukayi sarauta tun daga shekarar 1505 zuwa 1802, A shekarar 1804 ne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodio yayi jihadi, inda ya yaƙi sarkin gobir mai suna Yunfa, a Yaƙin Ƙwoto, daga nan ne ya fara yaɗa sarautarsa da musulunci zuwa masarautun Hausawa, A zariya akwai Mallam Musa wanda ya daɗe yana da’awar zuwa ga addinin musulunci, Mallam Musa Bafillatani ne, Jin Jihadin Usman Ɗan Fodio yas shima ya karɓa Tuta daga Usman Ɗan Fodio. Da Mallam Musa da Yamusa mutumin fulani Barno suka doso zaria suka yaƙi sarki Makau ɗan ƙabilar Haɓe, Makau sai ya gudu shi da mutanensa zuwa Zuba, wani gari ne na Gwari da Koro a yankin Abuja a yau, Mallam Musa sai ya zama Sarkin zazzau na farko daga ƙabilar Fulani, bayan rasuwarsa sai aka naɗa Yamusa a shekarar 1821 a matsyin sarkin zazzau, shi kuma fulanin Barno ne, daga nan ne Bare-Bari da Fulanin Mallawa Suka fara sarauta a kasar zazzau.
Й
Й - Letter daga cikin Rasha haruffa.
Wambai Giwa
Abdullahi Giwa wanda aka fi sani da Wambai Giwa, ɗan asalin jihar Kano ne wanda ya riƙe muƙamin "Wambai" a zamanin Muhammad Nazaki. ￼￼Mutum ne mai tarin dukiya da tasiri, a tarihin Kano na tunawa da shi wajen lura da yadda za'a faɗaɗa katangar Kano da kuma yadda ya jagoranci cin zarafi da Kano ta yi wa Katsina ta hanyar Karaye.
Rayuwa
Duk da yake babu labarin tarihinsa a littafin tarihin Kano, Wambai yana zama babban majalisa ga Sarkin Kano kuma a mafi yawan lokuta an keɓe shi ga ƴan gidan sarauta. Giwa ita ce kalmar Hausa ta “Giwa”, sannan kuma ana amfani da ita a matsayin abin koyi ga masu nuna ƙarfin hali.
An san Wambai Giwa saboda dukiyarsa da taimakonsa. A ƙoƙarina na taya Sarkin Kano murna, an ɗora masa alhakin faɗaɗa katangar Kano. Wambai ya ɗauki ginin bango daga ƙofan Dogo zuwa Ƙofan Gadonḳaia, da ƙofan Dakawuyia zuwa ƙofan Kabuga, da Kofan Kansakali. Wannan sana'ar ta kashe masa abinci calabash dubu da shanu hamsin a kullum. Bayan kammala ta, sai ya yanka shanu ɗari uku, ya yi wa ma’aikatan leburori dubu ɗaya, tare da kyaututtuka masu yawa ga malaman Musulunci. Lokacin da Sarkin Musulmi ya dawo daga yaƙi, Wambai ya ba shi dawakai ɗari.
Domin jin daɗin ayyukan Wambai da karamcin da Muhammad Nazaki ya yi, ya ba shi jagorancin Karaye, yanki mai dabarun yaƙin Kano da Katsina. A matsayinsa na Sarkin Karaye, ya jagoranci balaguro da dama da suka yi nasara a Katsina kuma ya kwashi ganima.
Tasiri da mutuncin Wambai Giwa ya haifar da fargabar cewa zai yi tawaye, aka kuma juya masa baya a lokacin da El Kutumbi ya hau mulki.
Al'ummar Afrikaner
Afrikaners fararen fata ne 'yan Afirka ta Kudu da ke magana da harshen Afrikaans a matsayin harshen uwa kuma suna bin al'adun Afirkaans. Mafi yawan su suna Dutch, Jamus, Faransa Huguenot, kakanninsa. Hakanan ana kiranta da Boere, Voortrekkers da Burgers, kodayake suna ƙarƙashin ma'anoni daban-daban. A Afirka ta Kudu akwai kimanin fararen fata miliyan 3 tare da Afrikaans a matsayin harshen uwa, wanda za a iya ɗaukar su Afrikaners ne idan sun zaɓi bin al'adun ƙabilar Afrikaans.
Idris Nuradeen
Idris Nuradeen Idris Nuradeen (an haife shi ranar 15 ga watar Janairu 2002) shi ne dan kwallon kafa na Najeriya wanda yake fitowa don Smorgon a kansu daga BATE Borisov a matsayin wanda yake karbar gano.
Duke Udi
Duke Udi (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 1976) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya.
Sana'a
Udi ya fara taka leda a Concord FC a cikin shekarar 1993 kuma yana cikin tawagar Shooting Stars FC da ta lashe gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya a cikin shekarar 1995. Daga nan ya koma ƙungiyar Grasshopper a Switzerland kuma ya taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai a shekara ta 1995–96.
A shekara ta 2002, ya taka leda a Rasha league tare da FC Krylia Sovetov Samara. 2006 fasali na Lobi Stars FC kafin shirya komawa Shooting Stars. A ranar 28 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2008, ya bar Akwa United FC ya koma Niger Tornadoes.
Bayan ya sami lasisin koci a Amurka, an ɗauke shi aiki don kocin Giwa FC a cikin watan Yulin shekara 2014.
Ƙasashen Duniya
Ya buga wa Najeriya wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, a wasansa na ƙarshe a gasar cin kofin duniya a shekara ta 2002. `
Ya Musa
Ya Musa (daga 1821-1834) shine Sarki na biyu a masarautan Zazzau bayan kafa tuta da kawo karshen mulkin sarakunan Haɓe a Zazzau, ya gaji Mallam Musa inda yayi sarauta daga shekarar 1821 zuwa shekara ta 1834. Ya Musa shine ya assasa gidan Kabilar Barebari a mulkin Zazzau bayan kafa tutar Shehu Danfodio Akan kira shi Musa’s Madaiki.
Nilla
Nilla alama ce ta Nabisco wacce ke da alaƙa ta kusa da layinta na vanilla -flavored, wafer -style cookies. Sunan sigar gajeriyar sigar vanilla ce, bayanin martaba na gama gari ga duk samfuran Nilla. Da farko an sayar da shi azaman Nabisco Vanilla Wafers, an canza sunan samfurin a shekara ta 1967 zuwa gajeriyar hanyar Nilla Wafer.
Samfurin Nilla na ainihi shine Nilla wafer, mai zagaye, siriri, kuk ɗin wafer mai sauƙi wanda aka yi da gari, sukari, gajarta, da ƙwai. Da farko an ɗanɗana shi da ainihin vanilla, waƙoƙin Nilla da farko an ɗanɗana su da vanillin na roba tun aƙalla a shekara ta 1994, canji wanda ya haifar da wasu suka. A halin yanzu, an bayyana Nilla wafers yana da "ɗanɗano na halitta da na wucin gadi", bisa ga jerin abubuwan da ke cikin akwatin.
Nilla kuma tana samar da samfura iri-iri, ciki har da ɓawon burodi. An fara gabatar da ɓawon burodi a cikin shekara ta 1992 tare da keɓaɓɓun ɓawon burodi kamar na sauran kukis na Nabisco, Oreos da Honey Grahams.
Tarihi
Gustav A. Mayer na Jamus-American confectioner Gustav A. Mayer a tsibirin Staten ne ya fara ƙirƙira girke-girke na wainar vanilla ko waken sukari. Ya sayar da kayan girkinsa ga Nabisco, Nabisco ya fara samar da biskit da sunan Vanilla Wafers a shekara ta 1898. Bayan da shekara ta 1940, Vanilla waina ya zama wata babbar sashi a Kudancin abinci matsakaitan banana pudding, da kuma Nabisco fara buga a banana pudding girke-girke a kan Vanilla waina ce da aka akwatin. Ba a canza sunan samfurin zuwa "Nilla Wafers" ba sai a shekara ta 1967. A cikin shekara ta 2013 alamar ta ƙaddamar da kamfen na talla akan Facebook da sauran gidajen yanar gizon kafofin watsa labarun da aka yi niyya ga uwaye. New York Times ta lura da kasancewarsa ta musamman saboda Mondelez International, kamfanin da Kraft ya ƙirƙira don mallakar alamar, ya yanke shawarar kashe duk kuɗin tallansa akan kafofin watsa labarun maimakon haɗin dandamali na talla. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya haifar da karuwar kashi 9% na siyar da Nilla. Nabisco a baya ya yi amfani da wasu dabarun tallan don haɓaka alamar, gami da abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin mutum kamar ɗaukar nauyin gasa pudding keɓaɓɓen gasa a wuraren shakatawa.
Ynana amfani
Nilla wafers kayan abinci ne na yau da kullun a cikin pudding na banana kuma saboda haka ya shahara sosai a Kudancin Amurka. A cikin Atlanta da Houston, suna cikin jerin samfuran kuki guda biyar mafi siyarwa.
Duk da cewa ba a sanyar da su a hukumance a Burtaniy Ba shagunan da suka kwre kan samfuran Amurka da aka shigo da suna iya duakar su saboda shaharan su ba kiya Amurka da mazauna yankin.
Nilla wafers da alamar su ma sun shiga cikin karatun kimiya wafers da kansu galibi ana amfani dasu don saukake gudanar da maganganun ga beraye a gwaji. An yi amfani da alamar nilla don nazarin fifiko mabukaci game da banbancin fakiti.
Margot Parker
Margaret Lucille Jeanne Parker (an haife ta a ranar 24 Yuli 1943) yar siyasa ce ta Turai wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) a yankin Gabashin Midlands tsakanin 2014 da 2019. An haife ta a Grantham kuma ta yi karatu a Kesteven da Grantham Girls School da kuma Jami'ar De Montfort, inda ta karanta Law.
Parker ta tsaya takarar Libertas a zaben 2009 na Turai a Gabashin Midlands. Ita ce ta biyu a jerin jam’iyyar; jam'iyyar ta samu kashi 0.6% na kuri'un da aka kada kuma babu kujeru.
Ta koma UK Independence Party (UKIP) a shekara na gaba. Ta tsaya a Sherwood a babban zabe na 2010, inda ta kammala 5th (kiri'u 1,490, 3%). A cikin 2012, ta tsaya a zaben Corby, ta zo na uku da kuri'u 5,108 (14.3%).
A shekara ta 2014, an zaɓi Parker a matsayin ɗan takara na biyu akan jerin Gabas ta Tsakiya don UKIP a shirye-shiryen zaben majalisar Turai na 2014. Daga baya an zabe ta tare da Roger Helmer a matsayin MEP na UKIP na yankin Gabashin Midlands.
Bayan zaben Henry Bolton a matsayin shugaban UKIP a 2017, an nada Parker mataimakin shugaba. Baya da Bolton ya ki Amin cewa da aniyar ajiye takara bayan kuri’ar rashin amincewa da kwamitin zartarwa na UKIP ya yi, Parker ta yi murabus a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba.
A lokacin shugabancin Gerard Batten, Parker ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawu a harkokin cikin gida kuma mataimakiyar shugabar jam'iyyar Independence Party ta Burtaniya, amma ta yi murabus daga mukaminta da zama memba na jam'iyyar a watan Afrilun 2019, ta koma jam’iyyar Brexit Party, tare da Jane Collins & Jill Seymour, tana ambaton karewar Batten na Carl Benjamin ta tweet na 2016 yana mai cewa "ba zai ma yi fyade ba" dan majalisar Labour Jess Phillips.
Bikin Adae Kese
Bikin Adae Kese (babban wurin hutawa) muhimmin biki ne duk da cewa ba kasafai ake samun irin sa ba tsakanin mutanen Ashanti a Ghana. Akwai manyan lokutta biyu na wannan bikin. 1 Shi ne awukudae da akwadidae  Yana ɗaukaka nasarorin masarautar Asante. An fara yin bikin ne don samun nasarar mulkin jama'a, bayan yaƙin da Ashantis ta samu 'yancin kai, a Yaƙin Feyiase wanda suka yi yaƙi da mutanen Denkyira. Haka nan shi ne lokacin da ake yin bikin tsarkake Odwira a wuraren ibada na ruhohin kakanni. Gaba ɗaya, wannan ya yi daidai da lokacin girbin doya kuma saboda haka Turawa suka kira wannan al'ada "al'adan Doya". Ana yin bikin kowane sati biyu da mutane bisa ga kalandar Akans dangane da zagayowar kwanaki arba'in da biyu da watanni tara a kalandarsu. Galibi ana gudanar da wannan biki don bukukuwan ƙarshe na takamaiman nasarori da muhimman al'amuran mutanen masarautar Ashanti. Bikin ranar hutu ce don haka an hana yin aiki a ranar.
Kiyayewa
Shi ne bikin ƙarshen shekara na kalandar Akan. Bikin Adae na tara (wanda ke faruwa kowane mako shida). Adae Kese yana shigo da Sabuwar Shekara, tare da ranakun tsakanin watan Yuli zuwa Oktoba, kodayake wasu Akans kamar Akim, Akwamu, da Ashanti suna bikin Sabuwar Shekara a cikin Janairu. Ana kuma yin bikin a Fadar Manhyia. Ya ƙumshi abubuwan ibada waɗanda ke da nufin tsarkake ruhun dakunan gidan sarki daga membobin gidan sarauta da sauran manyan mutane.
Tarihi
Al'adar gudanar da wannan biki ta shahara tsakanin 1697 zuwa 1699 lokacin da aka sami mulkin ƙasa ga mutanen Ashante bayan yakin neman 'yancin kai, Yaƙin Feyiase, a kan Denkyira. An lura da bikin daga baya har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa Stool na Zinariya (kursiyin) a cikin 1700. Bikin ya kasance lokacin keɓe ragowar sarakunan da suka mutu. An ajiye gawawwakin a cikin kabarin da aka binne Bantama, wani yanki na masarautar Kumasi. Adae Kese ya kawo hanyar haɗi da matakin ban gaskiya da haɗin kai tsakanin rayayyu da ruhohin kakanni. A farkon zamaninsa, wannan biki yana da fa'ida ta sadaukarwa, ta mutum da dabba. Da farko ana yin babban bikin ne a Hemmaa, kusa da fadar sarki kusa da wurin da kakannin kakanni na sarakuna. An yi kashi na biyu kuma mafi mahimmancin bikin a Bantama, wanda kuma shi ne makabartar ƙarshe ta sarakunan Asante, kuma an san shi da "sanannen al'adar Bantama" saboda sadaukarwar da aka yi ta kasance babba. Lokacin da aka sanar da bikin, ta hanyar buga ganguna, mutane sun buya don tsoron kada a zaɓe su don sadaukar da ɗan adam. A matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada, hadayar tumaki ma ta kasance. Ko sadaukarwar ɗan adam ta kasance ko ba ta kasance batun muhawara ba, amma gaskiyar ita ce al'ummomin Afirka sun ɗauki waɗannan bukukuwan a matsayin "haɗuwa tsakanin masu rai da matattu."
Al'adu
Bikin Adae Kese yana biye da al'adu iri ɗaya kamar na Adae, duk da haka, bambanci a cikin bukukuwan shi ne babban yana ɗaukar tumaki don yin hadaya ga Stool. Ana yin bikin tsarkake Odwira yayin Adae Kese a wuraren ibada na ruhohin kakanni. Gaba ɗaya, wannan ya yi daidai da lokacin girbin doya, don haka ne ma Turawa suka kira wannan al'adar ta doya. Ana yin bikin a wannan kakar don gode wa alloli da kakanni don girbi mai kyau. Haka nan ana amfani da lokacin don fitar da sabuwar doya.
Kowace shekara biyar, babban mai mulkin Asante ne ke karɓar bakuncin Bikin Adae Kese wanda ke ɗaukar makonni biyu ana yinsa. A matsayin biki na jihar, ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka da garuruwa da yawa, a cikin yankin gargajiya da aka sani da Odwira, yana haɗa Ashanti daga kowane fanni na rayuwa (Odwira yana nufin tsarkakewa), wanda ke halarta kuma ya rungumi bikin. Asantehene, mai sarautar Kumasi, yana riƙe da sarauniyar sarauniya da sarauniyarsu a wannan lokacin lokacin da dukkansu suka fito cikin cikakken tsari. Rawa da bugun ganguna wani bangare ne na wasan kwaikwayo. Bikin kuma shi ne lokacin da mutane ke ba da tabbacin amincewarsu ga sarkin Ashante na yanzu. Wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka cancanta ana ba su lambobin yabo a wannan ranar aukuwa. Har ila yau, sarkin yana yin biki mai zaman kansa a cikin ɗakunan fadarsa tare da waɗanda aka keɓe na gidan sarauta da sauran jami'ai.
Sharhi kan kalangu Mai Magana
Daga cikin sauran ayyukan da ke faruwa a ranar bikin, ana ɗaukar sarkin ta cikin titunan Kumasi cikin jerin gwano. Robert Sutherland Rattray ne ya rubuta sigar da ke tafe na bugun a 1923: "Oh, Mai Ruwan Allah, Da kyar na farka na tashi. Ni, mai bugun sarkin masara ta Ashanti, Da kyar nake farkawa. Na sanya kaina in tashi, "Oh, Mai Ruwan Allah, Da kyar na farka na tashi. Ni, mai bugun sarkin masara ta Ashanti, Da kyar nake farkawa. Na sanya kaina in tashi, Da wuri sosai, Suna magana da ni kuma zan fahimta.
Akwai fadama, fadama, fadama, Wanda zai iya hadiye giwa. Kogi na iya zama ƙarami a cikin kwarin Tsakanin manyan tsaunuka. Amma yana gudana har abada abadin. Idan kun tafi wani wuri kuma ina kiran ku (ruhun giwa)
Ku zo. Tsuntsu ya yi cara da safe, Tsuntsu ya farka ya yi cara, Da wuri sosai, Suna magana da ni kuma zan fahimta.
Na kwanta, amma ban ji bacci ba, Na kwanta amma idanuna basu rufe ba, Ga agogo uku na dare. Ina tunanin abokaina da suka bar ni suna barci, Amoafo-Awuku-Zakara-tsohon-tsuntsu wanda kasusuwansa suka yi ƙarfi. Tsuntsu, barka da safiya, barka da safiya. Tsuntsu ya yi cara da safe, Tsuntsu ya farka ya yi cara, Da wuri sosai, Suna magana da ni kuma zan fahimta.
Sama tana da fadi, fadi, fadi, Duniya tana da fadi, fadi, fadi, An ɗaga sama, An saita ɗayan, A zamanin d, a, tuntuni, tuntuni.
Allah Maɗaukaki, wanda mutane ba su dogara gare shi, ba su faɗuwa a kansa, Muna yi muku hidima. Lokacin da Ubangiji Allah ya nuna muku wani abu Da fatan za ku amfana da shi. Idan muna son 'fari' za mu samu, Idan muna son 'ja' za mu samu. Shi wanda muka dogara kuma ba mu fadowa, Allah, barka da safiya. Kai wanda muke bautawa a ranar Asabar, Barka da safiya, Tsuntsu ya yi cara da safe, Tsuntsu ya farka ya yi cara, Da wuri sosai, Suna magana da ni kuma zan fahimta.
Ruwa ya tsallaka hanya, Rantsuwa ta haye rafi; Wane ne babba a cikinsu? Shin ba mu yanke hanyar da za mu hadu da wannan rafi ba? Kogin ya samo asali tun da daɗewa, Kogin ya samo asali ne daga Mahalicci. Ya halicci abubuwa, Tano mai tsarki, mai tsabta (yana nufin babban allahn Ashantis) Zo nan, Tano; Yana cin raguna, Ta, mai girma, mai ƙarfi Wanda muke bautawa ranar Litinin.
Yana zuwa, yana zuwa, A hankali kadan, a hankali, a hankali, Yi hankali kada ku yi tuntuɓe, A hankali kadan, a hankali, a hankali. Za ku zo ku zauna, Cif, za ka zo ka zauna. '' Kon! Kon! Kon! '' Babban mutum, ɗan Osai, ya zauna. Sarki ya zauna Wanda ya ruguza garuruwa ya zauna, Wanda ba ya gafartawa, Ya ɗauki kujera ya zauna."
Osinachi Ohale
Osinachi Marvis Ohale (An haifeta a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1991) ta kasance yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Nijeriya, wacce take buga baya, kuma tana buga ma gasar Seria A ta mata, a ƙasar italiya ga kulob din A.S Roma, kuma tana cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata a Najeriya.
Kariyan ta na kulub
A shekarar 2016, ta shiga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Sweden Damallsvenskan ta Vittsjö GIK, inda ta buga wa kungiyar wasa har sau 22 kafin ta koma Vaxjo DFF watanni goma sha takwas daga baya a cikin watan Agusta na shekara ta 2018.
A ranar 11 ga watan Satumbar a shekara ta( 2019) ta sanya hannu kan CD Tacón ta Sipaniya a kan canjin dindindin, ta buga wasanta na farko a kulob din a wasan da ta doke Sporting de Huelva da ci 3-0 kwanaki uku kacal.
A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin a shekara ts (2020) ta rattaba hannu a kan kungiyar AS Roma ta mata, dan Najeriyar ya rabu da kungiyar CD Tacon ta kasar Sipaniya, wacce a yanzu ake wa lakabi da Real Madrid a watan da ya gabata (Yunin shekarar 2020) bayan karewar kwantiragin ta da kamfanin Primera Iberdrola. Ta shiga kungiyar mata ta Serie A din ne a kan yarjejeniyar shekara daya kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba. Dangane da matsayinta na tarihi, Ohale ta fada wa gidan yanar gizon kungiyar: “Na zabi Roma ne saboda abubuwa da yawa; abubuwan ban mamaki da yawa game da kulob din, game da wannan birni da kuma wannan ƙasa da suka ba ni sha'awa. " "Na ji kamar zai zama babban abu a gare ni, bincika da kuma fuskantar sabbin abubuwa da sabon ƙalubale."
Kariyanta na duniya
Ta wakilci Nijeriya a wasannin Gasar Mata na Afirka na shekara ta 2010, da 2014, da 2016 dakuma 2018. Ta lashe gasar a duka lokuta hudun.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
Manufar Krulak-Mendenhall wani balaguro ne na gano gaskiya wanda gwamnatin Kennedy ta aika zuwa Kudancin Vietnam a farkon Satumba 1963. Makasudin ziyarar ita ce bincikar ci gaban yakin da gwamnatin Vietnam ta Kudu da kuma masu ba da shawara ga sojojin Amurka suka yi a kan 'yan tawayen Viet Cong. Victor Krulak da Joseph Mendenhall ne suka jagoranci wannan manufa. Krulak babban janar ne a rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Amurka, yayin da Mendenhall ya kasance babban jami'in ma'aikatar harkokin waje da ya kware wajen tunkarar al'amuran Vietnamese.
Pyotr Zaychenko
Pyotr Petrovich Zaychenko ( Пётр Петрович Зайченко  ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu 1943 - 21 Maris 2019) ɗan fim ɗin Rasha ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.
Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 1990, Zaychenko ya buga Ivan Shlykov a cikin Pavel Lungin 's Taxi Blues.
Ya kasance darektan reshen Volgograd na Union of Cinematographers na Tarayyar Rasha.
Tilku
Tilku ( Persian , Kuma Romanized kamar yadda Tīlkū. wanda kuma aka sani da Khrān Khvāh, Īrān Shāh, Mīrānshāh, Mīrzā Īrānshāh, da Tīlkūh )  ƙauye ne a Tilakuh Rural District, Ziviyeh District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. A ƙidayar shekara ta 2006, yawanta ya kai a shekara ta 966, a cikin iyalai shekara ta 201. Kurdawa ne ke zama a ƙauyen.
Osinachi Ohale
Kariyanta na duniya
Ta kuma kasance a cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya na FIFA na Kofin Duniya na Mata a shekara ta 2011, da 2015 dakuma 2019
Krulak Mendenhall mission
An kaddamar da wannan balaguron kwana hudu na guguwa ne a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1963, a daidai lokacin da aka gudanar da taron kwamitin tsaro na kasa (NSC), wanda kuma ya zo ne bayan da dangantaka ta kara tsami tsakanin Amurka da Kudancin Vietnam. Rikicin jama'a ya barke a Kudancin Vietnam yayin da zanga-zangar mabiya addinin Buddah ta nuna adawa da wariyar addini da gwamnatin Katolika ta shugaba Ngô Đình Diệm ke ta'azzara. Bayan farmakin da aka kai a wuraren ibadar addinin Buddah a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane kusan dari, Amurka ta ba da izinin gudanar da bincike kan yuwuwar juyin mulki ta hanyar igiyar igiya zuwa jakadan Amurka Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
Amazon
Amazon (Amazônia (Brazil Portuguese) ko Amazonia (Furtigal na Turai)) (kuma ana kiranta Floresta Amazônica, Selva Amazônica, Floresta Equatorial da Amazônia, Floresta Pluvial ko Hileia Amazônica) daji ne mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano wanda ya mamaye yawancin Basin Amazon na Kudancin Amurka. Wannan tafkin ya kai murabba'in kilomita miliyan 7, wanda fadin murabba'in kilomita miliyan 5 da rabi yana da dazuzzuka masu zafi.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
A cikin abubuwan da suka gabatar ga NSC, Krulak ya gabatar da wani rahoto mai kyau game da ci gaban yakin, yayin da Mendenhall ya gabatar da mummunan hoto na gazawar soja da rashin jin dadin jama'a. Krulak ya yi watsi da goyon bayan da jama'a ke ba Viet Cong, yana jin cewa ƙoƙarin sojojin Vietnam a fagen ba zai shafi rashin jin daɗin jama'a da manufofin Diệm ba. Mendenhall ya mayar da hankali ne wajen auna ra'ayin 'yan Biyetnam na birane kuma ya kammala da cewa manufofin Diệm sun kara yiwuwar yakin basasa na addini, kuma suna sa 'yan Vietnam ta Kudu su yi imani cewa rayuwa a karkashin Viet Cong za ta inganta rayuwar su. Rahotanni daban-daban sun sa shugaban Amurka John F. Kennedy ya tambayi mashawartansa biyu "Ku biyu kun ziyarci ƙasa ɗaya, ko ba haka ba?"
Amazon
Kogin Amazon
Kogin Amazon babban kogi ne na Kudancin Amirka wanda ke tasowa a cikin tsaunin Andes, a cikin tafkin Lauri ko Lauricocha, a cikin Peru kuma yana gudana cikin Tekun Atlantika, kusa da tsibirin Marajó, a Brazil. Tare da hanyarsa, yana karɓar sunayen Tunguragua, Apurímac, Marañón, Ucayali, Amazonas (daga mahadar kogin Marañon da Ucayali, a cikin Peru ), Solimões da kuma Amazonas (daga mahadar kogin Solimões da Negro, a Brazil). Da dadewa, an yi imanin cewa kogin Amazon shine kogi mafi girma a duniya kuma na biyu a tsayi, amma bincike na baya-bayan nan kuma ya nuna shi a matsayin kogin mafi tsayi a duniya. Shine kogin da ke da mafi girma a cikin ruwa mai ruwa a duniya, wanda ya wuce murabba'in kilomita miliyan 7, yawancin dazuzzuka masu zafi.
Cheick N'Diaye
Cheick Tidiane N'Diaye (an haife shi ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1985) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a Stade Briochin.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
Rahoton da ba a kammala ba ya kasance batun muhawara mai zafi da na sirri tsakanin manyan mashawartan Kennedy. An tattauna matakai daban-daban game da Vietnam, kamar samar da sauyin gwamnati ko ɗaukar jerin matakan zaɓe da aka tsara don gurgunta tasirin Ngô Đình Nhu, ɗan'uwan Diệm kuma babban mashawarcin siyasa. Ana ganin Nhu da matarsa Madame Ngô Đình Nhu a matsayin manyan musabbabin matsalolin siyasa a Kudancin Vietnam. Sakamakon rashin cikakkar tafiyar Krulak da Mendenhall ya haifar da manufa ta gaba, manufar McNamara–Taylor.
Amazon
Halittar halittu
Dazuzzukan dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi suna da nau'o'in halittu masu rai, kuma dazuzzukan dazuzzukan { asar Amirka sun fi na dazuzzukan Afrika da Asiya. Tare da fadin dazuzzukan dazuzzuka mafi girma a cikin nahiyar Amurka, dazuzzukan Amazon suna da nau'ikan halittu marasa misaltuwa. Ɗaya daga cikin goma da aka sani a duniya suna zaune a cikin dajin Amazon. Wannan ya ƙunshi mafi girma tarin tsire-tsire masu rai da nau'in dabbobi a duniya.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
Fage
Bayan harbin Huế Phật Đản a ranar 8 ga Mayu, tashin hankalin jama'a ya barke a Kudancin Vietnam. Gwamnatin shugaba Ngô Đình Diệm ta Roman Katolika ta bindige mabiya addinin Buddah guda tara bayan da suka ki amincewa da dokar hana fita daga tutocin addinin Buddha a Vesak, ranar haihuwar Gautama Buddha da kuma gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati. Bayan harbe-harbe, shugabannin addinin Buddah sun fara neman Diệm don samun daidaiton addini da diyya da kuma yin adalci ga iyalan wadanda aka kashe. Yayin da Diệm ya kasance mai jajircewa, zanga-zangar ta karu. Kona kansa da aka yi wa malamin addinin Buddah Tích Quảng Đức a wata mahadar jama'a ta Saigon ya zama bala'i ga dangantakar jama'a ga gwamnatin Diệm, yayin da hotunan taron suka yi kanun labarai na farko a duniya kuma suka zama alamar manufofin Diệm. Yayin da ake ci gaba da zanga-zangar, Sojojin Jamhuriyar Vietnam (ARVN) na musamman da ke biyayya ga dan uwan Diệm Ngô Đình Nhu sun kai farmakin Xá Lợi Pagoda a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, inda aka kiyasta adadin wadanda suka mutu ya haura dari da dama tare da haddasa barna mai yawa a karkashin sojojin. ayyana dokar soja. An rufe jami'o'i da manyan makarantu a daidai lokacin da ake gudanar da zanga-zangar goyon bayan mabiya addinin Buda. A halin da ake ciki, yakin da ake yi da 'yan tawayen Viet Cong ya fara yin rauni a cikin jita-jita na fadan kabilanci tsakanin sojojin ARVN. Hakan ya kara tabarbare ne sakamakon yunkurin juyin mulkin da jami’an ARVN daban-daban suka yi, wanda ya dauke hankali daga ‘ yan tawayen. Bayan hare-haren pagoda, gwamnatin Kennedy ta aika da Cable 243 zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka, Saigon, yana ba da umarnin bincika madadin shugabanci.
Cheick N'Diaye
Sana'a
N'Diaye ya fara aikinsa ne da Olympique Noisy-le-Sec, ƙungiyar CFA2 (matashi na biyar a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa) a unguwar bayan birnin Paris.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
Ƙaddamarwa da balaguro
A karshen taron kwamitin tsaro na kasa (NSC) da aka yi a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, an amince da cewa fifikon shi ne samun karin bayani kan halin da ake ciki a Vietnam. Sakataren tsaron Amurka Robert McNamara ya ba da shawarar tura Manjo Janar Victor Krulak zuwa wata ziyarar gano gaskiya cikin gaggawa. NSC ta yarda cewa Joseph Mendenhall - Jami'in Harkokin Waje tare da gogewar Vietnam - zai raka shi kuma su biyun sun fara aikin daga baya a wannan rana.
Amazon
Halittar halittu
Yankin yana da kimanin nau'in kwari miliyan 2.5, dubunnan tsire-tsire, da tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa kimanin 2,000. Ya zuwa yanzu, a kimiyance an rarraba aƙalla nau'ikan tsire-tsire 40,000, kifaye 3,000, tsuntsaye 1,294, dabbobi masu shayarwa 427, amphibians 428 da dabbobi masu rarrafe 378 a yankin. Ɗaya daga cikin biyar na dukan tsuntsaye a duniya suna zaune a cikin dazuzzuka na Amazon. Masana kimiyya sun bayyana tsakanin 96,660 zuwa 128,843 nau'in invertebrates a Brazil kadai.
Cheick N'Diaye
Sana'a
A 2005, ya sanya hannu don Rennes. Ya yi bayyanar sau ɗaya kawai ga kulob ɗin Brittany, a gasar Coupe de la Ligue tare da Montpellier.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
Ƙaddamarwa da balaguro
A cikin tafiya ta kwanaki hudu, mutanen biyu sun zagaya a duk fadin kasar Vietnam kafin su koma Washington don gabatar da rahotonsu. Krulak ya ziyarci wurare 10 a duk yankuna hudu na Corps na ARVN kuma ya tattauna da Jakadan Amurka Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., shugaban sojojin Amurka a Vietnam Janar Paul Harkins da ma'aikatansa, masu ba da shawara na Amurka 87 da jami'an ARVN 22. Mendenhall ya tafi Saigon, Huế, Da Nang da wasu garuruwan lardi da dama, yana magana da abokanan Vietnam. Kiyasin da suka yi na lamarin ya kasance akasin haka. Mecklin ya rubuta bayan haka cewa "aiki ne mai ban mamaki, tafiya mil dubu ashirin da hudu da tantance wani yanayi mai sarkakiya kamar Vietnam da dawowa cikin kwanaki hudu kacal. Alama ce ta jihar da gwamnatin Amurka ke ciki." Tashin hankalin da ke tsakanin shugabanninta ya yi nuni da aikin. Mendenhall da Krulak sun ƙi juna sosai, suna magana da juna kawai idan ya cancanta. Mecklin da Krulak sun shiga cikin rikici yayin tashin jirgin na dawowa. Krulak ya ki amincewa da shawarar Mecklin na dawo da faifan talabijin da gwamnatin Diệm ta yi watsi da su zuwa Amurka, yana ganin matakin cin zarafi ne. Bayan doguwar muhawara mai daci a cikin jirgin, Krulak ya yi kira ga Mecklin da ya bar fim din a Alaska a lokacin da aka dakatar da man fetur a Elmendorf Air Force Base, yana mai nuna cewa darektan USIS ya kasance tare da fim din a Alaska.
Cheick N'Diaye
Sana'a
Bayan ya bar Rennes a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2014, N'Diaye ya shafe shekara guda ba tare da kulob ba kafin ya shiga tare da Sedan a cikin watan Yunin 2015.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
Bayar da rahoto
Hukumar NSC ta koma zama a safiyar ranar 10 ga watan Satumba domin jin rahotannin tawagar. Mendenhall ya sami gogewa a cikin al'amuran Vietnamese, wanda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Jakadan Amurka Elbridge Durbrow na baya. Durbrow ya bukaci Diệm a lokuta da dama da ya aiwatar da garambawul na siyasa. Krulak wani sojan ruwa ne da aka sani da imaninsa na yin amfani da aikin soja don cimma manufofin harkokin waje. Halinsa ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da "Brute", wanda ya samo asali daga aikin kokawa a Kwalejin Naval. Mataimakin Sakataren Tsaro Roswell Gilpatric ya lura cewa Mendenhall ana ɗaukarsa "tare da babban zato a gefen kogin Virginia [Pentagon, hedkwatar Ma'aikatar Tsaro]", yayin da Krulak ya kasance "ƙaunar duniya kuma an amince da Pentagon. a bangaren farar hula da na soja”.
Cheick N'Diaye
Sana'a
A cikin watan Yunin 2016, N'Diaye ya rattaɓa hannu kan matakin Stade Briochin na mataki na biyar.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
Bayar da rahoto
Asalin Krulak da Mendenhall sun bayyana a sabanin nazarin yakin. Krulak ya ba da cikakken kyakkyawan nazari game da ci gaban soja tare da rage tasirin rikicin addinin Buddah akan yakin ARVN da Viet Cong. Ƙarshensa shine "[t] yana harbin yaƙin yana ci gaba da tafiya cikin sauri. Rikicin siyasa ya yi tasiri sosai, amma tasirin bai yi yawa ba.” Krulak ya tabbatar da cewa har yanzu ana bukatar yawan fadace-fadace, musamman a yankin Mekong Delta, wanda ake daukarsa a matsayin yanki mafi karfi na Viet Cong. Krulak ya tabbatar da cewa dukkan matakan jami'an ARVN sun san rikicin addinin Buddah amma ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ba su yarda akidun addini su yi illa ga dangantakarsu ta soja ba. Ya yi imanin cewa jami'an ARVN suna da biyayya kuma ana iya sa ran aiwatar da duk wani umurni da suke ganin halal ne. Krulak ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa rikicin siyasar bai yi illa ga alakar sojan kasashen biyu ba. Da yake tafiya tare da ra'ayin Vietnamese game da shugabanninsu, Krulak ya annabta cewa akwai rashin gamsuwa a tsakanin jami'an, wanda ya yi imanin cewa an fi mayar da hankali ga Ngô Đình Nhu, ƙane na Diệm wanda aka fi gani a matsayin ikon da ke bayan tsarin mulki. Krulak ya yi imanin cewa yawancin jami'ai sun so ganin bayan Nhu amma wasu kaɗan ne suka yarda su yi juyin mulki. Krulak ya ruwaito cewa masu ba da shawara na Amurka uku sun soki Nhus da kakkausar murya tare da ba da shawarar tashi daga Kudancin Vietnam don gujewa bala'in hulda da jama'a a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Krulak ya ji cewa waɗannan matsalolin sun fi ƙarfin abin da ya yi imanin cewa an yi nasarar ƙoƙarin soja kuma za a ci nasara a yakin ba tare da la'akari da shugabancin siyasa ba. Ya yi annabta cewa ARVN ba ta da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi don sauƙaƙe haɓakar mulki kuma yana jin cewa ba za su murƙushe duk wata tsoka da suke da ita ba. Krulak ya kammala da kyakkyawan fata, "Excluding the very serious political and military factors external to Vietnam, the Viet Cong war will be won if the current US military and sociological programs are pursued, irrespective of the grave defects in the ruling regime." Mendenhall bai amince da hakan ba kuma ya bayar da hujjar cewa kyamar Diệm ta kai matakin da zai yiwu rugujewar mulkin farar hula. Ya ba da rahoton "sarautar ta'addanci" a Saigon, Huế da Da Nang, yana lura da cewa ƙiyayyar da aka saba keɓancewa ga Nhus ta yaɗu zuwa Diệm gabaɗaya. Mendenhall ya tabbatar da cewa yawancin 'yan Vietnam sun yarda cewa rayuwa a ƙarƙashin Diệm ta fi muni fiye da mulkin Viet Cong. Mendenhall ya yi tunanin cewa yakin basasa a kan dalilan addini zai yiwu. Ya yi hasashen cewa za a iya cin nasara a yakin ne kawai tare da sauya tsarin mulki, in ba haka ba Kudancin Vietnam za ta ruguje cikin fadan bangaranci ko kuma wani gagarumin hari na gurguzu. Saɓanin yanayin rahotannin ya haifar da sanannen tambayar Kennedy, "Ku biyu kun ziyarci ƙasa ɗaya, ko ba haka ba?"
Muhawara
Krulak ya yi ƙoƙari ya bayyana bambance-bambancen da aka kwatanta ta hanyar nuna cewa Mendenhall ya bincika yankunan birane, yayin da ya shiga cikin karkara "inda yakin yake". Krulak ya tabbatar da cewa al'amuran siyasa a Saigon ba za su kawo cikas ga ci gaban soji ba, yana mai cewa "Za mu iya yin taka-tsan-tsan don cin nasara a yakin da Nhu ya rage." Mataimakin sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Roger Hilsman ya tabbatar da cewa, banbancin dake tsakanin rahotannin da suka saba wa juna "shine bambancin ra'ayi na soja da na siyasa". A yayin muhawara kan bambance-bambancen ra'ayi, Mendenhall ya tabbatar da cewa Saigon ya sha wahala "kusanci cikakkiya" biyo bayan hare-haren pagoda. Mendenhall ya ba da rahoton cewa ma'aikatan gwamnati na Vietnam suna tsoron ganin su tare da Amurkawa. Ya tuna wata ziyara lokacin da ya yi shiru yayin da mai masaukin baki dan Vietnam ya zagaya cikin dakin, yana neman boye makirufo. Mendenhall ya tabbatar da cewa "Saigon yana da nauyi da yanayin tsoro da ƙiyayya" kuma mutanen sun fi tsoron Diệm fiye da Viet Cong. Ya ba da rahoton cewa yawancin ma'aikatan gwamnati ba sa kwana a gida saboda fargabar kama jami'an tsaron sirri na Nhu. A baya-bayan nan dai jami’ai da dama sun shafe mafi yawan kwanakinsu suna tattaunawa a kan sakin ‘ya’yansu, wadanda aka daure a gidan yari saboda shiga zanga-zangar goyon bayan mabiya addinin Buda. Mendenhall ya tabbatar da cewa hargitsin cikin gida yanzu shine fifiko mafi girma fiye da yakin da ake yi da 'yan gurguzu.
A yayin taron NSC, Frederick Nolting - wanda ya riga Lodge a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Kudancin Vietnam - ya dauki batun nazarin Mendenhall. An ɗauke shi a matsayin mai neman afuwar Diệm, Nolting ya nuna cewa Mendenhall ya kasance mai raɗaɗi game da Kudancin Vietnam tsawon shekaru da yawa. Mecklin ya kara ingiza ra'ayin Mendenhall tare da yin kira ga gwamnati da ta matsa lamba kai tsaye kan Saigon ta hanyar dakatar da taimakon da ba na soji ba, a kokarin kawo sauyi na gwamnati. A cikin kalmomin Mecklin: "This would unavoidably be dangerous. There was no way to be sure how events would develop. It was possible, for example, that the Vietnamese forces might fragment into warring factions, or that the new government would be so incompetent and/or unstable that the effort against the Viet Cong would collapse. The US should therefore resolve now to introduce American combat forces if necessary to prevent a Communist triumph midst the debris of the Diệm regime." Takardun Pentagon sun yi nuni da cewa Mecklin ya fahimci ramummuka na mulkin soja da Krulak da Mendenhall suka yi watsi da su. Ko ta yaya, Mecklin ya kammala da cewa ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da inganta tsarin mulki, ta yarda da sakamakon, kuma ta yi la'akari da shigar da sojojin Amurka don dakatar da yiwuwar nasarar Viet Cong.
Sai taron NSC ya ji mummunan hasashen da Phillips ya yi na halin da ake ciki a yankin Mekong Delta. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa Shirin Hamlet na Dabarun ya zama tartsatsi a cikin yankin delta, yana mai cewa "Kungiyar Viet Cong tana cin duri". Lokacin da aka lura cewa kwanan nan Phillips ya ga wani yaƙi a yankin delta, Kennedy ya tambayi Phillips don tantance shi. Phillips ya amsa da cewa: “To, ba na son saba wa Janar Krulak, amma dole ne in gaya maka, ya shugaban kasa, cewa ba mu ci nasara a yakin ba, musamman a yankin Delta. Sojojin sun gurgunce, suna cikin bariki, kuma wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ke faruwa a wani lardi da ke kusa da Saigon.” Phillips ya tabbatar da cewa cire Nhu ita ce kadai hanyar da za a inganta lamarin. Phillips ya tabbatar da cewa hanya daya tilo ta cire Nhu ita ce kawo Kanar Edward Lansdale, jami'in CIA wanda ya karfafa matsayin Diệm shekaru goma da suka gabata, shawarar da Kennedy ya yi watsi da shi. Phillips ya ba da shawarar matakai uku:
A muhawarar da ta biyo baya, Kennedy ya tambayi Phillips abin da zai faru idan Nhu ya mayar da martani game da ratsewar ta hanyar karkatar da kudade daga hannun sojoji don inganta dabarunsa. Lokacin da Kennedy ya tambayi ko Nhu zai zargi Amurka da duk wani lalacewar soji da ya haifar, Phillips ya amsa cewa ARVN za ta yi tawaye, saboda jami'an ARVN da ke cikin jerin sunayen 'yan Viet Cong ba za su bari 'yan gurguzu su yi sako-sako ba. Phillips ya ce, idan Nhu ya yi kokarin karkatar da tallafin soji daga hannun sojojin don tsara makircinsa, Amurkawa za su iya kai kudaden kai tsaye zuwa karkara cikin akwatuna.
Rashin jituwa mai ƙarfi
Ganawar ta zama tirjiya a lokacin da Krulak ya katse Phillips, yana mai cewa masu ba da shawara kan sojan Amurka a kasa sun ki amincewa da kimar jami'in na USOM. Phillips ya yarda cewa duk da cewa an samu ingantuwar yanayin soji gaba daya, amma ba haka lamarin yake ba a yankunan da ke da matukar muhimmanci. Phillips ya lura cewa mai ba da shawara kan soji na lardin Long An kusa da Saigon, ya ba da rahoton cewa Viet Cong sun mamaye Hamlets Strategic Hamlets 200 a cikin makon da ya gabata, wanda ya tilasta wa mazauna kauyen tarwatsa matsugunin. McNamara ya girgiza kai saboda rahotannin da suka bambanta. Lokacin da Krulak ya yi wa Phillips ba'a, Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Wajen W. Averell Harriman ba zai iya kame kansa ba kuma ya kira Janar "Wawa ne". Phillips ya karbe mulki daga hannun Harriman ta hanyar diflomasiyya kuma ya tabbatar da cewa yaki ne don zukata da tunani maimakon tsantsar awo na soja.
Mecklin ya haifar da ƙarin damuwa ta hanyar ba da shawarar yin amfani da sojojin Amurka don kawar da mulkin Diệm da cin nasara a yakin. Ya kara da cewa, "Lokaci ya yi da Amurka za ta yi amfani da matsin lamba kai tsaye don kawo sauyi na gwamnati, duk da rashin kunya". Mecklin ya tabbatar da cewa za a samu koma baya idan aka yanke taimakon kawai, don haka dole ne sojojin Amurka su gyara matsalar kai tsaye. Daga baya Mecklin ya rubuta wa shugaban USIS Edward R. Murrow cewa ya nace cewa sojojin Amurka za su yi maraba da yaki a cikin lamarin gurguzu. A lokacin da yake komawa Amurka, ya tabbatar da cewa yin amfani da sojojin Amurkan zai karfafa juyin mulkin da kuma kara kwarin gwiwa kan 'yan Viet Cong. Ya kuma yi kira da a samar da injiniyan juyin mulki. Ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta kara nuna niyya.
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К - Letter daga cikin Rasha haruffa.
Krulak Mendenhall mission
Rashin jituwa mai ƙarfi
Rashin baƙin ciki da Phillips da Mecklin suka bayyana ya ba Frederick Nolting mamaki, wanda ya riga Lodge a matsayin jakadan Amurka a Saigon. Nolting ya ce asusun Phillips "ya yi mamakin jahannama daga gare ni. Na kasa gaskata kunnuwana." Nolting ya tabbatar da cewa Mecklin yana da rauni a tunanin mutum don wanke kwakwalwa saboda kwanan nan ya rabu da matarsa. A lokacin, Mecklin yana zaune tare da 'yan jarida David Halberstam da Neil Sheehan na New York Times da UPI bi da bi. Halberstam da Sheehan dukkansu sun sami lambobin yabo na Pulitzer kuma sun kasance masu sukar Diệm.