cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sinima a Senegal
Shekarun 1970: "Shekarar Zinare"
Safi Faye, wacce ta fara fitowa a shekarar 1972 tare da ɗan gajeren fim ɗin ta La Passante (The Passerby) wanda ita ma ta fito a ciki, ƙwararren masanin kishin ƙasar Faransa kuma ɗan fim Jean Rouch ya ƙarfafa ta da yin amfani da yin fim a matsayin kayan aikin ƙabilanci. Ya lallashe ta da neman ilimi a harkar shirya fim. Ta yi nazarin ilimin ɗabi'a a École pratique des hautes études sannan a Makarantar Fim ta Lumière kuma ta tara kuɗin da ake buƙata don samar da fina -finai ta hanyar karɓar aiki a matsayin abin koyi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma tasirin sauti na fim. Ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin ɗabi'a daga Jami'ar Paris a 1979 kuma nan da nan ta fara nazarin samar da bidiyo a Berlin. Ta sami tallafin kuɗi don Kaddu Beykat daga Ma'aikatar Haɗin Kan Faransanci kuma ya zama fim ɗin farko da wata 'yar Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara ta yi ta kasuwanci ta rarraba kuma ta sami karbuwa a duniya. Duk da cewa an sake shi, an haramta shi a Senegal. A cikin 1976 ta sami lambar yabo ta FIPRESCI daga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Masu Fina -Finan Duniya da Kyautar OCIC. Sannan ta saki Fad'jal da Goob na nu a 1979.
Shekarun 1980 don gabatarwa: raguwar aikin fim
Safi Faye ya ci gaba da yin umarni a shekarun 1980 tare da Man Sa Yay a 1980 da Les âmes au soleil a 1981. A cikin 1983, Faye ya ba da umarnin fim ɗin fim ɗin Selbé: Daya Daga cikin Mutane da yawa wanda ya biyo bayan wata mace mai shekaru 39 da ake kira Sélbe wacce ke aiki don tallafa wa 'ya'yanta takwas tun da mijinta ya bar ƙauyensu don neman aiki. Selbé yana tattaunawa akai-akai tare da Faye, wacce ba ta kan allo, kuma tana bayanin alakarta da mijinta da rayuwar yau da kullun a ƙauyen.
Kodayake ta ci gaba da shirya fina -finai a cikin 1980s, tare da sake fitowa daga baya kamar su Racines noires da Elsie Haas, femme peintre et cinéaste d'Haiti a 1985 da Tesito a 1989, fina -finan ta, galibi suna rigima a cikin gida, an nuna su a Turai amma ba kasafai a Senegal ba ko Afirka. Bayan 1983 cinema ta Senegal ta sami raguwar gaske, wani ɓangare saboda rashin kuɗin gida. Daraktoci irin su Sembene sun kasance masu wadatar arziki don ci gaba da yin fina -finai, tare da Camp de Thiaroye (1987), da Guelwaar (1992) amma ƙasar ba ta da albarkatun cikin gida da kuɗin da ake buƙata don haɓaka masana'antar da cika ƙimar ta. Ko a yau a Senegal yawancin masu shirya fina -finai da mutanen da ke da ilimin shirya fim, musamman a Dakar, amma ba su da albarkatu. Duk wani fina -finan da aka shirya tun kusan kusan an samu kuɗi daga ƙasashen waje kuma an nuna su a bukukuwan fina -finai na duniya maimakon a Senegal. Duk da haka, Sembène zai ci gaba da jagorantar wasu fina -finai da yawa, amma saboda ci gaba da saka hannun jari a fina -finansa ta kamfanonin fina -finan Amurka kamar New Yorker Films. A cikin 2000 ya jagoranci Faat Kiné wanda ya ba da muhimmiyar mahimmiyar fahimta game da Senegal ta zamani, bayan mulkin mallaka da rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin wannan al'umma. Fim ɗin yana magana kan jigogi na ciki ba tare da aure da zina ba kuma yana nazarin bambance -bambancen da ke tsakanin ɗalibai na tsakiya da na ƙasa da talauci tare da rabe -raben arziki da na zamani, da gwagwarmaya cikin ƙima tsakanin abin da ya gabata da na yanzu a Senegal. Sembène ya jagoranci fim ɗinsa na ƙarshe a 2004 tare da fasalinsa, Moolaadé. Ta ci lambobin yabo a bikin Fina -Finan Cannes da Fim ɗin FESPACO a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Fim ɗin, wanda aka shirya a wani ƙaramin ƙauyen Afirka a Burkina Faso, ya bincika batun rigimar mata da ake takaddama akai.
Valerio Truffa shine ɗayan fitattun daraktocin fina -finan Senegal. Hakanan shine shugaban makarantun fim a Bénin da Madagascar, da sauransu. Amadou Tidiane Niagane shi ne daraktan sinima na ma'aikatar al'adu ta Senegal a 2007.
Tashar Jirgin Kasa ta Huju Chongnyon
Tashar Huju Ch'ŏngnyŏn tashar jirgin ƙasa ce a Koŭp-rodongjagu, Kimhyŏngjik-kun, Lardin Ryanggang, Koriya ta Arewa, a kan layin Pukpu na Koriya ta Koriya.
Tarihi
Tashar, da farko ana kiranta tashar Huju, an buɗe ta ne a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba shejara 1987 ta hanyar Jirgin Ruwa na Koriya, tare da sauran ɓangaren gabashin na farko na Layin Pukpu tsakanin Huju da Hyesan. Ya karɓi sunansa na yanzu a kusan 2012.
Aharon Appelfeld
Aharon Yaron ( Hebrew פלפלד; Ervin Appelfeld; an haife shi Fabrairu 16, 1932 - Janairu 4, 2018). Haifaffen Romaniya ne ɗan Isra'ila wanda ya samu kyautar Nobel kuma wanda ya kuɓuta daga kisan kiyashin yahudawa.
A 2007, Appeneld's Badenheim 1939 an daidaita shi don matakin kuma aka yi shi a Cibiyar Gerard Behar da ke Urushalima.
Javi Varas
Javier 'Javi' Varas Herrera (an haifeshi ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, 1982) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron raga.
Ya buga wasannin La Liga 151 sama da yanayi takwas, a matsayin wakilin Sevilla, Celta da Las Palmas. Ya kara wasanni 117 a cikin Segunda División, a cikin aikin ƙwararru na shekaru 12.
Sevilla
An haife shi a garin Seville, Andalusia, Varas ya isa Sevilla FC yana ɗan shekara 23 bayan ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa mai son a yankinsu na asali (duk da cewa kulob ɗin ya siya shi shekaru biyu da suka gabata). Ya ciyar da farko uku yanayi tare da B tawagar, tofa wasanni 13 a shekarar 2006-07 kamar yadda suka ciyar da su Segunda Division karo na farko har abada, kuma lokaci-lokaci horar da babban tawagar.
Varas ya zama zabin farko na Sevilla a tsakiyar 2010-11, akan Palop mai shekaru 37. Ya bayyana a wasanni 21 yayin da kungiyar ta gama ta biyar kuma ta cancanci shiga gasar UEFA Europa League.
A karkashin sabon manaja Marcelino García Toral, Varas ya ci gaba a matsayin mai farawa na yau da kullun. A ranar 22 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 2011, ya saka dan wasan da ya taka rawar gani a karawar da suka yi da FC Barcelona, inda ya ceci harbi takwas-ciki har da bugun fanareti na lokacin rauni daga Lionel Messi -a wasan da aka tashi 0-0.
Varas ya rasa mahimmancin sa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, bayan isowa cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2013 daga Portuguese Beto. Ya ba da gudummawar da tara ya bugawa kamar yadda Sevilla lashe 2013-14 Europa League, amma ya da wani sauran canza a cikin hukunci wasan kanta.
Valladolid
A ranar 25 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2014, Varas ya shiga Real Valladolid a kwantiragin shekara guda. Ya rasa wasanni hudu na gasar a lokacin farko da kakar sa kawai, yayin da tawagarsa ta gaza samun ci gaba da buga wasa.
Shekarun baya
A ranar 12 ga watan Yuli na shekarar 2015, Varas ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da UD Las Palmas, wanda aka sabunta zuwa babban rukunin. A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2017, bayan da ya ba da gudummawa ga dindindin na su, wakili na kyauta ya koma matakin na biyu da yankin ƙasarsa ta hanyar yarda da kwangilar shekaru biyu a Granada CF.
Varas ya shiga SD Huesca a ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2019, don ragowar kamfen ɗin sama. A watan Oktoba, ya sanar da yin ritaya yana dan shekara 37.
Daraja
Seville B
Sevilla
Askia Mohammed Benkan
SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG ,
kusan 1500.]] Askia Mohammad Benkan, ko Askiya Muhammad Bonkana, shi ne mai mulki na uku a daular Songhai daga 1531 zuwa 1537.
Princess Peters
Gimbiya Osayomwanbor Peters wacce aka fi sani da Gimbiya Peters a fannin waka, mawakiya ce a Nijeriya, marubuciya, tana yin rikodin kuma tana yin zane-zane, 'yar fim, furodusa kuma mai son taimakon jama'a. Ta fara aikinta ne na kida tun tana karama sosai kuma ta fara harkar waka cikin kade-kade da kundi na farko a shekara ta 2007 karkashin Lentyworld Productions, ana yi mata lakabi da sarauniya saboda kyanta.
Askia Mohammed Benkan
Mohammad Benkan ya karɓi mulki ne bayan da aka kashe Askiya Musa (ɗan Askia Mohammad I ). An kashe Musa a ƙauyen Mansura a ranar Laraba, 12 ga watan Afrilu 1531, kuma a wannan ranar, Mohammad Benkan ya zama Askia:
Safi Faye
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Safi Faye a 1943 a Dakar, Senegal, ga dangin Serer mai kishin addini. Iyayenta, Fayes, sun fito ne daga Fad'jal, wani ƙauye a kudu da Dakar. Ta halarci Makarantar Al'ada a Rufisque kuma ta karɓi takardar shedar koyarwa a 1962 ko 1963, ta fara koyarwa a Dakar Senegal.
Askia Mohammed Benkan
"Saboda rashin tausayin Musa na kawar da abokan gaba, ƴan’uwansa suka hada baki suka kashe shi. A cikin wannan hargitsi ne Benkan, Kurmina-fari (kuma Kan-fari, ma'ana kyaftin soja na Kurmina tare da Kurmina-fari shine babban kyaftin a daular) kuma dan Umar Komadiakha (dan'uwan Askia Mohammad )., ya kwace mulki duk da adawar da Alu (daya daga cikin ‘ya’yan Askia Mohammad ) ya yi masa ya dauki mukamin Askia."
Safi Faye
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
A cikin 1966 ta je bikin Dakar na Negro Arts kuma ta sadu da ɗan asalin Faransa kuma ɗan fim Jean Rouch. Ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi amfani da yin fim a matsayin kayan aikin ƙabilanci. Tana da rawar taka rawa a fim dinsa na 1971 Petit à petit. Faye ta ce ba ta son fim ɗin Rouch amma yin aiki tare da shi ya ba ta damar koyan yin fim da cinéma-vérité. A cikin 1970s ta yi nazarin ilimin ɗabi'a a École pratique des hautes études sannan a Makarantar Fim ta Lumière. Ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin abin koyi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma a cikin tasirin sauti na fim. A shekara ta 1979, ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin ɗabi'a daga Jami'ar Paris. Daga 1979 zuwa 1980, Faye ya yi nazarin samar da bidiyo a Berlin kuma ya kasance baƙo malami a Jami'ar Kyauta ta Berlin. Ta sami ƙarin digiri a cikin ilimin ɗabi'a daga Sorbonne a 1988.
Kaddu Beykat
Kaddu Beykat (wanda aka fi sani da Wasiƙa daga Kauye na da Lettre paysanne) fim ne na Senegal na 1975 wanda Safi Faye ya jagoranta. Fim ne na farko da wata mace 'yar Afirka da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara ta yi da aka rarraba shi a kasuwanci kuma ta kawo karramawar darakta a duniya. An mayar da hankali kan soyayya, yana ba da tarihin rayuwar mutane na yau da kullun a ƙauyen Senegal.
Princess Peters
Rayuwa da ilimi
Peters mawaƙi ne kuma 'yar wasa. An haifeta a garin Benin, jihar Edo, Nigeria. Ita ce ta 8 a cikin dangi da ke da yara goma. Princess tayi NCE a Biology da Hadakar Kimiyya a 2006 a Kwalejin Ilimi Benin, yanzu Tayo Akpata University, da Benson Idahosa University, don neman digiri a Mass Communication.
Askia Mohammed Benkan
Don tabbatar da matsayinsa Benkan ya kori Askia Mohammad, kawun mahaifinsa zuwa tsibirin Kangaba, a cikin kogin Nijar zuwa yammacin Gao. Musa wanda a baya ya tsige Askia Mohammad (mahaifinsa), ya ba shi damar ci gaba da zama a Gao. Benkan ya naɗa ɗan uwansa Uthman ibn Amar a matsayin Kurmina-fari. Tarikh al-Sudan yana ɗauke da wannan bayanin na kotunsa:
Safi Faye
Aikin fim
Faye tayi fim ɗin farko, wanda ita ma ta shirya fim, gajere ne na 1972 mai suna La Passante (The Passerby), wanda aka zana daga abubuwan da ta fuskanta a matsayin mace baƙi a Paris. Yana bin wata mata (Faye) tana tafiya akan titi tana lura da halayen maza kusa. Faye fim ɗin farko na fim ɗin shi ne Kaddu Beykat, wanda ke nufin Muryar Manoma a Wolof kuma an san shi a duk duniya a matsayin Harafi daga Ƙauye na ko Labari daga Kauye na. Ta sami tallafin kudi ga Kaddu Beykat daga Ma'aikatar Hadin Kan Faransa. An sake shi a 1975, shine fim ɗin farko da wata mace 'yar Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ta shirya don rarraba ta ta kasuwanci kuma ta sami karɓuwa a duniya ga Faye. A kan sakinsa an haramta shi a Senegal. A cikin 1976 ya ci lambar yabo ta FIPRESCI daga Ƙungiyar Ƙididdigar Fina -Finan Duniya (daura da Chhatrabhang ) da lambar yabo ta OCIC.
Kaddu Beykat
Labarin Fim
Ngor saurayi ne da ke zaune a wani ƙauyen Senegal da ke son auren Coumba. Gudana fari a ƙauye ya shafa ta amfanin gona na gujiya da kuma a sakamakon, Ngor ba su iya biyan sadaki ga Columba. Yana zuwa babban birnin Senegal, Dakar, don ƙoƙarin samun ƙarin kuɗi kuma ana amfani da shi a can. Ya koma mazauna ƙauyen kuma ya ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru game da garin tare da sauran maza. Labarin, wanda ke nuna rayuwar mazauna ƙauyen na yau da kullun, an ba shi cikin wasiƙar wasiƙa ga abokinsa daga ƙauyen, Faye ya faɗa.
Princess Peters
Aikin Waƙa
Gimbiya Peters ta fara waka a cikin kungiyar mawakan yara na cocin da ke yankin inda take ibada tare da iyayenta. Ta Kwarewa ne ta fara harkar waka tare da kundi na farko mai suna "Kpomwen Ijesu" a shekarar 2007 karkashin Lentyworld Productions sannan ERHUN a 2011. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta saki fitattun waƙoƙi da faifai waɗanda suka hada da, Urhuese, Ose, Ogboviosa da sauransu.
Safi Faye
Aikin fim
An fi sanin fina-finan Faye a Turai fiye da Afirka ta asali, inda ba kasafai ake nuna su ba.
Princess Peters
Aikin Waƙa
Princess ta ci kuma ta samu kyaututtuka da dama wadanda suka hada da Maranatha awards USA tare da sauran manyan mawakan Najeriya wadanda suka hada da Mercy Chinwo, Steve Crown, Judikay, Frank Edwards
Safi Faye
Rayuwar mutum
Faye, wanda ke zaune a Paris, auren ta ya mutu kuma tana da 'ya mace guda.
Askia Mohammed Benkan
"Askiya Muhammad Bonkana ta yi wa kotun kawanya, inda ta kara girmanta, da kawatata, tare da kawatata da manyan fadawanta fiye da kowane lokaci. Ya ba da manyan riguna, ya ƙirƙira nau'ikan kayan kida iri-iri (sau'o'i na kaho kamar fotorifo, da ganga mai zurfin sautin gabbanda), kuma ya ɗauki nauyin mawaƙa maza da mata da yawa. Ya ba da yalwar yawa da alherai. A lokacin mulkinsa an sami tagomashi na Allah, an buɗe kofa, kuma an albarkace shi."
Benkan ya yi ƙoƙarin sauya manufar kawunsa na dogaro da garuruwa, maimakon haka ya gwammace ya samu tallafi daga manoma. Sai dai bayan gazawar sojoji da suka yi, musamman sun sha mumunar kaye a hannun Muhammadu Kanta, Sarkin Masarautar Kebbi na farko. Shi kansa Muhammad Benkan an sauke shi ne a shekara ta 1537, kuma Askiya Isma'il ɗan Askiya al-hajj Muhammad ya gaje shi. Muhammad Bonkana ya makance kafin ya rasu a wajajen shekara ta 1559.
Kanta ya taɓa zama Leka-fari kuma Barde, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kyaftin din Askia Mohammed. Duk da haka, Kanta Kotal ya yi wa Askia tawaye, tare da mabiyansa suka shiga cikin yankin Kebbawa suka mamaye kuma suka kafa jihar Kebbi mai cin gashin kanta.
Rashid Assaf
Rashid Assaf ( 13 ga Agusta, 1958 -), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ɗan Siriya wanda ke da ayyukan silima, wasan kwaikwayo da talabijin.
Souad Bendjaballah
Souad Bendjaballah lauya ce 'yar kasar Aljeriya, mai fafutukar kare hakkokin mata kuma 'yar siyasa.
Rashid Assaf
Tarihin Rayuwa
Aikin fasaha ya fara ta hanyar makaranta da ƙungiyoyin matasa. Sa'an nan ya shiga cikin Artists Guild a matsayin koyo. Farkonsa ya kasance a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na jami'a a farkon shekarun saba'in, sannan ya koma aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa kuma ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo da dama a kan dandalinsa, ya kuma shiga cikin fim ɗin "The Borders (fim) " tare da Duraid Lahham. A talabijin, farkon Assaf ya kasance tare da sanannen darekta kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Salim Sabry, wanda aka ba shi aikin tauraro a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na " Al Basata " wanda shahararren marubuci Khairy Al Dahabi ya rubuta a farkon shekarun tamanin. Bayan haka, ya gabatar da ayyuka masu yawa, ciki har da: Sashen Wuta, Doctor, Al- Burkan, Al- Abaid, kuma ya yi fice a cikin jerin fantasy kamar Al- Fawares, Al- Kawasir, Gwagwarmayar Al-Ashaos, Al - Masloub, da ayyukan tarihi irin su madubai, Neman Salah Al-Din, 'Ya'yan Al-Rashid, kuma a cikin mahallin wasan kwaikwayo na Badawiyya ya gabatar da jerin Ras Ghlais a sassa na farko da na biyu.
Souad Bendjaballah
Tarihin rayuwa
Souad memba ne na ƙungiyar bincike Tarihin mata a Bahar Rum tare da Fatima-Zohra Guechi kuma ta halarci wannan taron a watan Nuwamba 1999 a Jami'ar Constantine 1. A ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba, 2003, an nada ta Ministar Delegate ga Ministan Ilimi mataki na sama, mai kula da binciken kimiyya. Ta rike wannan matsayi har zuwa shekarar 2012. A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2012, an naɗa ta Ministar Haɗin kai, Iyali da Matsayin Mata a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Abdelmalek Sellal. An sake naɗa ta kan mukamin a karkashin gwamnati ta biyu ta Abdelmalek Sellal yayin da aka yi kwaskwarima na Satumba 11, 2013. Ta rike wannan matsayi har zuwa watan Mayun na shekarar 2014.
Rashid Assaf
Ayyuka
2008
Souad Bendjaballah
Tarihin rayuwa
A shekarar 2017 ta kasance ministar hadin kai.
Rashid Assaf
Ayyuka
Jerin Saqr 2021
Princess Peters
Aikin fim
Peters ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a rukunin wasan kwaikwayo na cocin ta yana da shekaru 8 kuma ya yi fim a fim dinta na farko a 2004 Peters ya fito a fina-finai kamar; 'Yan Mata Ba Su Murmushi, Game da Gobe, Gida a Cikin Gudun Hijira. Ta kuma shirya finafinai kamar likeofar inyaddara; Singik Clinik; Edehi.
Aikin taimako
Peters ita ce ta kirkiro da shirin kafa hannayen hannu da kuma Gidauniyar Gimbiya Peters inda take gudanar da ayyukanta na jin kai domin karfafa mabukata a cikin al’umma, ta gabatar da wani shiri “zawarawa suna murna” a shekarar 2016 don samar da kudaden kasuwanci na farawa don tallafawa zawarawa a Benin, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.
Kyauta, yabo
a kuma lamban girmad
Hakam Balawi
Hakam Umar As'ad Balawi ( Larabci : حكم بلعاوي ; 1938 - Nuwamba 2020) ɗan siyasan Falasdinu ne kuma marubuci. Ya kasance Ambasada a ƙasar Libya da Tunisia daga 1973 zuwa 1975 da kuma daga 1983 zuwa 1984. Ya kuma kasance Ministan cikin gida daga 2003 zuwa 2005 lokacin gwamnatin Yasser Arafat.
An haifi Balawi a Bal'a, Dokar Burtaniya ta Falasdinu. Ya mutu a ranar 28 Nuwamba Nuwamba 2020 yana da shekara 82.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
Sa’ad bn Abi Waqqas (Larabci: سعد بن أبي وقاص), wanda aka fi sani da Sa’ad bn Malik, yana daga cikin sahabban annabin musulunci. Rahotanni sun ce Saʿd shi ne mutum na bakwai da ya musulunta, wanda ya yi yana dan shekara goma sha bakwai. An san shi sosai saboda kwamandansa a yakin al-Qadisiyyah da kuma cin nasarar Farisa a 636, gwamnansa a kan Farisa, da baƙon diflomasiyyarsa zuwa China a 651.
Judith Kanakuze
Judith Kanakuze (Satumba 19, 1959 - Fabrairu 7, 2010) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Ruwanda kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da aka fi sani da zartar da doka kan cin zarafin jinsi, gami fito da ma'anar fyade a mataki na farko a Ruwanda, da bayar da gudummawar adadin jinsi na tsarin mulki wanda ya bukaci wakilcin mata ga hukumomin gwamnati. Ta yi aiki a fannoni da yawa, ciki har da abinci mai gina jiki da aikin gwamnati, kafin ta zama fitacciyar shugabar mata bayan kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Rwanda a 1994, inda ta rasa yawancin danginta. Kanakuze ta kafa ƙungiyar mata ta farko Réseau des Femmes kuma ta wakilci muradun mata a yarjejeniyar Arusha da kuma kwamitin Ruwanda don kafa tsarin mulki. Ƙididdigar jinsi da ke buƙatar mata su haɗa aƙalla kashi 30 cikin 100 na hukumomin gwamnati daga baya cikin sauri ta sa shigar mata ya zarce adadin da aka keɓe a majalisa. An zabe ta a Majalisar a 2003 kuma an sake zaben ta karo na biyu a 2008. A lokacin wa'adinta, ta jagoranci taron 'ƙungiyar yan majalisa mata na Rwanda.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
Iyali
An haifi Saʿd a Makka a shekara ta 595. Mahaifinsa shine Abu Waqqas Malik ibn Uhayb ibn Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah daga dangin Banu Zuhrah na kabilar Quraishawa. Uhayb bn Abd Manaf kawun uba ne ga Aminah bint Wahb, mahaifiyar Muhammad. Mahaifiyar Saʿd ita ce Hamnah bint Sufyan ibn Umayya ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf.
Yana dan shekara goma sha bakwai lokacin da ya musulunta. Ya haifi 'ya'ya da yawa, daga cikinsu' ya'yansa Umar da Aamir da 'yarsa A'isha sun fi shahara.
Martanin Mahaifiya game da musuluntar Saʿd
Sa’ad ya ruwaito:
"Sa'a bayan sa'a, na je wurinta ina tambayarta ko in kawo mata abinci ko abin sha amma ta ci gaba da ki, ta nace ba za ta ci ba ta sha har ta mutu ko na bar addinina. Na ce mata, 'Yaa Ummaah! Duk da tsananin son da nake yi maka, hakika so na Allah da ManzonSa ya fi karfi. Wallahi, da kuna da rayuka dubu kuma kowanne yana tafiya daya bayan daya, ba zan bar addinin nan da komai ba. ' Lokacin da ta ga na ƙaddara sai ta tuba ba da son rai ba ta ci ta sha.
An yi nuni da wannan a cikin ayar Alƙur'ani 31: 14-15.
Yaƙe -yaƙe
A cikin 614, Musulmai suna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa tsaunuka na Makka don yin salla tare da Muhammadu, lokacin da ƙungiyar mushrikai suka lura da su. Sun fara cin zarafi da yakarsu. Sa`ad ya buge wani mushriki ya zubar da jininsa, wanda aka ruwaito ya zama Musulmi na farko da ya zubar da jini da sunan Musulunci.
Ya yi yaƙin Badar tare da ƙaninsa ʿUmayr. Kasancewarsa a ƙuruciyarsa kawai, an hana Umayr damar shiga yaƙi, amma bayan ya yi fama da kuka, daga baya Muhammed ya ba shi izinin yin yaƙi. Sa’ad ya koma Madina shi kadai; MayUmayr yana daya daga cikin musulmai goma sha hudu da suka mutu a yakin.
A yakin Uhudu, an zabi Saʿd a matsayin maharba tare da Zayd, Saʿīb (dan Uthman ibn Mazūn) da sauransu. Saʿd yana cikin waɗanda suka yi fafutukar kare Muhammad bayan wasu Musulmi sun bar matsayinsu. Muhammadu ya karrama shi ta hanyar ayyana shi daya daga cikin maharba mafi kyau na wancan lokacin. A lokacin yaƙin, Muhammad ya tara masa wasu kibiyoyi.
Hajjin bankwana
Ya kamu da rashin lafiya a lokacin Aikin Hajjin Bankwana, kuma yana da 'ya mace kawai a wannan lokacin. Sa'ad ya ce:
"Ya Manzon Allah. Ina da dukiya kuma ina da 'ya mace daya tilo da zan gada daga wurina. Shin zan ba da kashi biyu bisa uku na dukiyata a matsayin Sadaqah? ”“ A’a, ”Annabi ya amsa. "To, (zan ba) rabin?." tambayi Sa'ad da Annabi sake ce 'a'a.' "Sannan, (zan ba) na uku? ' ya tambayi Sa'ad. Annabi yace. “Na ukun yana da yawa. Lallai barin magadan ku da wadata ya fi abin da ya kamata ku bar su su dogara da shi da yin bara daga mutane. Idan kuka ciyar da wani abu don neman riba da shi da yardar Allah, za a ba ku lada akanta ko da kuwa burodi ce da kuke sanyawa a bakin matarka."
A zamanin Khalifa Umar 634-644
Sa`ad Ibn Abi Waqqas, shine wanda ya gina birnin Kufa na kasar Iraqi a lokacin mulkin Umar bn Khattab.
Har ila yau, Saʿd ya yi yaƙi a ƙarƙashin umurnin Umar a kan sojojin Sassanid a Yaƙin al-Kadisiyyah da Yaƙin Nahāvand. Daga baya aka nada shi gwamnan Kufa da Nejd a lokacin halifancin Umar.
Wasu ruwayoyin sun bayyana cewa duk da cewa Umar ya sauke shi daga mukaminsa na gwamna, amma ya ba da shawarar cewa halifan da ya gaje shi ya sake saka Saʿd, tun da Umar bai sauke Saʿad ba saboda wata yaudara.
Yana daga cikin mutane shida da Umar bn Al-Khattab ya tsayar a matsayin khalifanci na uku.
Stow, Maine
Stow birni ne, da ke a gundumar Oxford, Maine, a ƙasar Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 393 a ƙidayar 2020.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
A zamanin Khalifa Usman zamanin 644-656
ThUthman ya aiwatar da shawarar marUmar kuma ya nada Saʿd a matsayin gwamnan Kufa.
Stow, Maine
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da jimillar yanki na 24.34 sqmi  wanda, 24.21 sqmi   ƙasa ce kuma 0.13 sqmi   ruwa ne. Ruwan ruwan Bickford Slides yana kan Bickford Brook a cikin garin.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
A zamanin Khalifa Usman zamanin 644-656
Musulman kasar Sin sun saba wa Saʿd da gabatar da Musulunci a kasar Sin a shekara ta 650, a lokacin mulkin sarki Gaozong na Tang. An kuma gano wani masallaci a gundumar Lalmonirhat na Bangladesh, wanda aka ce shi ne ya gina a shekarar 648, sannan kuma a cikin gida ake kiran sunansa da sunan masallacin Abu Akkas.
Stow, Maine
ƙidayar 2010
A ƙidayar 2010, akwai mutane 385, gidaje 149 da iyalai 109 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance 15.9 PD/sqmi. Akwai rukunin gidaje 232 a matsakaicin yawa na 9.6 /sqmi. Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 97.7% Fari, 0.8% Ba'amurke, 0.3% Ba'amurke, da 1.3% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
A zamanin Halifa Mu'awiyah 661-664
Ya rayu tsawon sahabbai goma masu albarka, kuma ya mutu attajiri yana da shekaru tamanin, kusan shekara ta 674. Saʿd yana cikin aljanna goma da aka yi masa alƙawarin.
Stow, Maine
ƙidayar 2010
Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 44. 22.3% na mazauna kasa da shekaru 18; 7.6% sun kasance tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 24; 21.2% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 34.6% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 14.3% sun kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Tsarin jinsi na garin ya kasance 52.2% na maza da 47.8% mata.
Ƙididdigar 2000
A ƙidayar 2000, akwai mutane 288, gidaje 115 da iyalai 80 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance 11.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (4.6/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 181 a matsakaicin yawa na 7.4 a kowace murabba'in mil (2.9/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 97.22% Fari, 0.35% Ba'amurke, 1.04% Ba'amurke, 0.69% Asiya, da 0.69% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.35% na yawan jama'a.
Akwai gidaje 115, daga cikinsu kashi 33.9% na da yara ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 62.6% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 3.5% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 30.4% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 25.2% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 9.6% na da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.50 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.03.
25.0% na yawan jama'ar kasa da shekaru 18, 4.9% daga 18 zuwa 24, 30.6% daga 25 zuwa 44, 27.4% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 12.2% wadanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko fiye. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 101.4. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 94.6.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga gida shine $27,125 kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga iyali shine $35,417. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $28,750 kuma mata $18,750. Kudin shiga kowane mutum ya kasance $15,122. Kusan 2.8% na iyalai da 6.1% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 8.5% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara sha takwas ba da 15.8% na waɗanda 65 ko sama da haka.
Fadar Bazara
Fadar bazara fada ce a Beijing, China. Yawanci an fi rinjayi tsawan tsayi (tsayin mita 60) da Kogin Kunming. Ya mamaye faɗin murabba'in kilomita 2.9, kashi uku cikin uku na ruwan. Fadar ta kasance wurin tarihi na UNESCO.
Tsakanin 1750 da 1764 Masarautar Qianlong ta ƙirƙiro Lambun Clear Ripples (Fadar bazara), yana faɗaɗa yankin tafkin tare da aiwatar da wasu ci gaba bisa dutsen da shimfidar sa. A lokacin yakin Opium na biyu (1856-60) sojojin kawancen suka lalata lambun da gine-ginenta. Tsakanin 1886 da 1895 an sake gina shi da Sarki Guangxu kuma aka sake masa suna zuwa Fadar Baƙin, don amfani da Empress Dowager Cixi. Ya lalace a cikin 1900 ta hanyar rundunar balaguro ta duniya yayin murƙushe tashin Dambe kuma bayan shekaru 24, ya zama wurin shakatawa na jama'a a cikin 1924.
Akwai gine-gine da yawa a cikin Fadar Baƙin da suka haɗa da Majami'ar Bayar da Girgije, Haikalin ɗabi'ar Budda da Haikalin Tekun Hikima.
Quanita Adams
Quanita Adams ƴar Cape Town ce, a ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu - tushen wasan kwaikwayo kuma ƴar wasan kwaikwayo. Ta fito cikin fina-finan Gafara tare da Arnold Vosloo, Cape of Good Hope, da Skeem, kuma ta fito kan mataki a cikin fitattun wasannin Gaskiya a Fassara da A Ƙafarta. Ita ce wacce ta yi nasara a 2008 na Fleur du Cap Award don Mafi Kyawun 'Yar Taimakon Tallafi don rawar da ta taka a Cissie, wanda ya ci a shekarar 2004 na Fleur du Cap Award don Mafi Kyawun '' ' Yar Fim don Waƙar Waƙa da A Ƙafarta, da Wanda ya ci a shekara ta 2003. Kyautar Fleur du Cap Kyauta don Mafi Kyawun Haɗuwa don Yan mata masu launi. Quanita, kuma taka rawar da Uwar Laetitia a SAFTA-lashe kyknet drama, Arendsvlei .
Bugu da ƙari , s shi ma ya ƙirƙiri jerin talabijin Riveiria, wanda ya dogara da yarinya 'yar aji 7 da ta girma a lokacin wariyar launin fata. Vinkel en Koljander shine ɗayan abubuwan da Ms Adams ta ƙirƙira.
Kendo Kobayashi
Kendo Kobayashi (ケンドーコバヤシ, Kendō Kobayashi, born 4 July 1972) is a Japanese comedian and actor. His real and former stage name is Tomoharu Kobayashi (小林 友治, Kobayashi Tomoharu). He is nicknamed Ken Koba (ケンコバ), Koba (コバ), and Mr. Yaritai Hōdai (Mr.やりたい放題, Misutā Yaritai Hōdai). He is represented with Yoshimoto Creative Agency of Yoshimoto Kogyo in Tokyo. He graduated from the Yoshimoto New Star Creation (NSC) in Osaka.
Kobayashi ya sauke karatu daga makarantar Elementary Municipal Higashitanabe, Osaka Municipal Nakano Junior High School, da Hatsushiba Tondabayashi High School. Ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin na kulob din rugby a lokacin makarantar sakandare.
Na yau da kullun da jerin iri-iri
Fitowa na yanzu
Amfanin kabewa a jikin Dan Adam
Gabatarwa
Hanyoyi da ake amfani da kabewa ga rayuwar al’umma suna da yawan gaske musamman ma ga lafiyar jiki, domin Hausawa na cewa “abincinka maganinka”. To ita kabewa Allah ya yi mata baiwa da yawa da take taimakawa, a jiki dan’adam ya samu ingantacciyar lafiya. Kuma ga ita kabewar ba ta da wuyar samuwa haka ma wajen sarrafata babu wata wuya. Ana miya da ganyen ko ‘ya’yan kabewan. Ga dai wasu daga cikin amfaninta.
Gyaran Fata
tana kare fata daga zafin ranar da ke wa fatar jikin mutum illa ya sa ta yi sumul-sumul. Da haka ne masana kiwon lafiya ke mata kirari da ‘mai maida tsohuwa yarinya’.
Tana taimaka wa masu ciwon cutar sikari
domin tana rage yawan ‘Glucose’ bayannan kuma ta kara masu yawan ‘Insulin’ da jiki ke samarwa.
Tana riga-kafin cutar daji
Kamar yadda cibiyar bincike a kan cutar daji ta kasar Amurka ta tabbatar da cewar, duk abincin da ya kunshi sinadarin da ake kira ‘betacarotene’ ya na ba jiki kariya daga cutar daji, kuma an tabbatar da cewar kabewa na dauke da wannan sinadarin mai yawa.
Lafiyar zuciya
a cikin kabewa akwai wasu sinadarai dake rage yawan ‘closteral’ a jikin dan’adam wanda hakan ke taimaka wa zuciya. Amma wannan ya na kunshe ne a cikin su ‘ya’yan kabewa.
Karin sha’awar jima’i
Ƴa’yan kabewa na Kunshe da wani sinadari da ake kira da suna ‘zinc’ wanda masana suka bayyana da cewar ¼ na cikin coffin na kunshe da kasha 17 na abin da mutum ke bukata na wannan sinadari a kullun wanda hakan ke kara sha’awa ga namiji.
Maganin gajiya
Akwai sinadarin ‘potassium’ wanda ya ke taimakawa wajen wartsakar da gajiya da ake fuskanta wajen aikace-aikacen yau da kullun. Ita kabewa na kunshe da wannan sinadarin.
Spartacus (film)
Spartacus wani Fim ne, na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na 1960 na Amurka Spartacus Stanley Kubrick ne ya kirkiro, [3] Dalton Trumbo ne ya rubuta shi, kuma an daidaita shi daga littafin Howard Fast na 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya dogara ne akan rayuwar Spartacus, wanda ya jagoranci boren bawa a zamanin da, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na Yaƙin Bauta na Uku. Tony Curtis ya buga Antoninus, Laurence Olivier ya nuna babban janar na Roman kuma ɗan majalisa Marcus Licinius Crassus, Peter Ustinov yana wasa dillalin bawa Lentulus Batiatus, John Gavin yana wasa Julius Kaisar, Jean Simmons yana wasa Varinia, Charles Laughton yana buga Sempronius Gracchus, Kirk Douglas kuma yana taka leda. Anthony Mann, darektan farko, an maye gurbinsa bayan makon farko na yin fim da Douglas, wanda kasuwancin Bryna Productions ke kula da samarwa. Don ɗaukar ayyukan jagoranci, Kubrick, wanda a baya ya yi aiki tare da Douglas akan Hanyoyi na ɗaukaka (1957), an kawo shi cikin jirgin. Shi ne fim ɗin farko da Kubrick ya ba da umarni wanda ba shi da cikakken ikon ƙirƙirar abubuwa. A matsayinsa na memba na Hollywood Goma a lokacin, Dalton Trumbo marubucin allo ya kasance baƙar fata. Shugaba John F. Kennedy ya kalli Spartacus a kan layin tsinke na Legion na Amurka bayan Douglas ya bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa Trumbo ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya taimaka wajen dakatar da baƙar fata; -An buga saboda shima an saka shi baƙar fata.
Production
Rashin iyawar Kirk Douglas ya kai ga matsayin jagora a cikin Ben-Hur na William Wyler ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar Spartacus. Douglas ya ji takaicin cewa Wyler ya zabo Charlton Heston a kansa saboda a baya sun hada kai a kan fim din Gano Labari. Ba da daɗewa ba, littafin Spartacus na Howard Fast, wanda ke da irin wannan jigo-mutumin da ke ƙalubalantar ikon daular Romawa-wanda Edward (Eddie) Lewis, mataimakin shugaba ne a kamfanin fim na Douglas, Bryna Productions (mai suna bayan Douglas's) ya ba Douglas shawarar. ina). Douglas ya gamsu sosai don amfani da kuɗin kansa don siyan zaɓi akan littafin daga Fast. Bayan Douglas ya shawo kan Olivier, Laughton, da Ustinov don shiga cikin fim din, Universal Studios a karshe ya amince da samar da kudade don shi. Daraktan fim din kuma zai kasance Olivier.[10][11] Lewis ya fara samarwa lokacin.
Manazarta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartacus_(film)
Hadisin Goma da aka yi musu alkawarin Aljanna
Siffar hadisin da aka tattara a cikin Jamiʿ at-Tirmidhi ya tafi kamar haka:
"An karbo daga Abdurrahman ibn Awf cewa: Manzon Allah yace:
Dubi na yan Sunna
Tarin Hadisi na Sunni, wanda ake kira Kutub al-Sittah (tarin hadisai guda shida), ya haɗa da: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawood, Al-Sunan al-Sughra, Jami` at-Tirmidhi da Sunan ibn Majah. Sahih al-Bukhari da Sahih Muslim ana ɗaukarsu mafi amintattun waɗannan tarin.
Ahlussunna sun ce an rarrabe sahabban Annabi MUHAMMAD zuwa kungiyoyi goma sha biyu 12 kuma daga cikin wadannan aljanna goma da aka yi alkawari sun kasance na farko.
Dubi na yan Shia
'Yan Shi'a sun yi watsi da wannan hadisin gaba daya saboda ba su da wadannan hadisai a cikin litattafansu na hadisansu. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa an ƙirƙiro waɗannan hadisai ne a cikin ƙungiyoyin Ahlussunna a zamanin daular Umayyawa kamar yadda hadisai suka bambanta a tsakanin su akan su wanene waɗannan mutane 10.
Zodi Ikhia
Zodi Ikhia (c. 1919 - Fabrairu 16, 1996) ɗan siyasar Nijar ne.
Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi a kusa da 1919 a Winditen, Ikhia ya fito ne daga dangin Abzinawa masu Arziƙi; mahaifinsa babban mutum ne daga Taghagar. Ya yi karatun firamare a Yamai sannan ya yi karatunsa na gaba a Ecole William Ponty da ke Dakar. A 1941 ya fara koyarwa ga makarantun makiyaya. Ya ci gaba da zama darektan makaranta, na farko ga Ecole des enfants de troupe a Bingerville daga baya Ecole des Kel Gress d'Arzérori.
A 1946, ya shiga jam'iyyar Neja Progressive Party, jam'iyyar Nijar reshen jam'iyyar African Democratic Rally. A cikin 1948 an zaɓe shi a matsayin babban majalisar Tahoua. Tun daga shekarar 1948 ya fara aiki a ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Nijar. A shekarar 1949, ya shiga ƙungiyar masu zaman kanta ta Nijar (UNIS), ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR). An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Faransa a zaɓen 1951, a cikin jerin UNIS ƙarƙashin jagorancin Georges Condat (wanda ya lashe kujerun Nijar biyu). A shekara ta gaba an zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Nijar, mai wakiltar Filingué, da kuma Babban Majalisar Faransa ta Yammacin Afirka. Ya kasance a cikin Babban Majalisar har zuwa 1957.
A cikin majalisar dokokin Faransa, ya zauna a cikin ƙungiyar UDSR har zuwa 1953. Daga nan ya shiga ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu ta ƙasashen waje (IOM). A Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa, ya yi wa’adi da dama a Hukumar Ilimi ta Ƙasa. A cikin Janairu 1953, an haɗa shi a cikin Hukumar Samar da Masana'antu. Bayan ya koma IOM, Zodi ya zama saniyar ware a siyasance. Zodi ya tsaya a matsayin ɗan takara a jerin UNIS a zaɓen 1956. Ya rasa kujerar sa, bayan da sabon jerin sunayen Condat, Nigerien Action Bloc, ya sha kaye.
Bayan zaɓen Zodi da mabiyansa suka sake haɗuwa, kuma a ranar 6 ga Maris, 1957 suka kafa sabuwar jam'iyya mai suna Niger Democratic Front (FDN). FDN tana da alaƙa da Yarjejeniyar Afirka. Ya gyara mujallar jam'iyyar L'Unité ( Unity ).
Lokacin da aka kafa gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Nijar ta farko a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1958, Ikhia ya zama ministan ilimi, matasa da wasanni. A aikinsa na Ministan Ilimi, ya samu saɓani da Ministan cikin gida. A shekarar 1960 ya samu muƙamin sakataren tsaron ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, ya ziyarci Isra'ila.
Daga baya Zodi Ikhia ya zama ministan harkokin Afirka.
A 1963, ya shiga cikin juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba. An kama shi aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. An yi masa afuwa daga hukuncin kisa kuma aka canza masa hukuncin zaman gidan yari. An sake shi daga kurkuku a shekara ta 1971. Bayan an sake shi daga gidan yari, ya fice daga harkokin siyasa.
Mutuwa
Ya rasu a Yamai a shekara ta 1996.
Bera
Ɓera ƙananan rodent ne. A dabi'ance, an san beraye suna da hakori mai kaifi, kananan kunnuwa zagaye, wutsiyar su mai tsawo ne, suna da gashi a jiki, da yawan kiwo. mafi sanannen nau'in bera shine linzamin gida na kowa ( Mus musculus ). Beraye kuma sanannu ne kamar sauran dabbobi. A wasu wurare, wasu nau'ikan ɓerayen filaye suna da suna gama gari. An san su da mamaye gidaje don abinci da wurin kwanciya.
An rarraba beraye a ƙarƙashin umarnin Rodentia. A wasu yanayi, ana iya ɗaukar beraye larura. Vermin babban tushe ne na lalacewar amfanin gona kamar yadda aka san su da haifar da lalacewar tsarin da yada cuta. Beraye suna yada cuta ta hanjinsu kuma galibi masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta. A Arewacin Amurka, ƙura mai numfashi wanda ya sadu da ƙwayar linzamin kwamfuta yana da alaƙa da hantavirus, wanda zai iya haifar da cututtukan huhu na hantavirus (HPS).
Ainihin maras motsi, beraye na biyan raunin gani da ƙwarewar ji. Sun dogara ne da ƙanshin ƙanshin su don nemo abinci da kuma gujewa masu lalata su.
A cikin daji, an san beraye don gina ramuka masu wuyar fahimta. Waɗannan burbushin suna da ƙofofi masu tsayi kuma suna sanye da ramuka masu tserewa. A cikin aƙalla nau'ikan guda ɗaya, tsarin gine-ginen burrow halaye ne na gado.
Ire-iren dabbobin da aka sani da beraye
Beraye da suka fi na yau da kullun su ne murus, a cikin tsari ɗaya da berayen gama gari. Su kisan kai ne, tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran dangi na kusa.
Mice ne na kowa gwaji dabbobi a dakin gwaje-gwaje da bincike na ilmin halitta da kuma tunani filayen musamman domin su ne dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma saboda su raba wani babban mataki na homology tare da mutane. Su ne tsarin halittar dabbobi masu amfani da dabbobi, wanda aka fi sani da beraye. A linzamin kwamfuta genome an jerin, da kuma kusan dukkan linzamin kwamfuta genes da mutum homologs. Linzamin kwamfuta yana da kimanin nau'i-nau'i tushe biliyan 2.7 da 20 na chromosomes. Hakanan ana iya sarrafa su ta hanyoyin da suka saba wa doka da mutane, kodayake masu rajin kare haƙƙin dabbobi sukan ƙi. Mousewayar ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa linzami ne wanda aka canza ɗaya wanda ya sa ɗaya ko fiye da ƙwayoyinta suka zama marasa aiki ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayoyin halitta.
Dalilan zabin beraye sune kanana kuma basu da tsada, suna da abinci iri-iri, ana kiyaye su cikin sauki, kuma suna iya hayayyafa da sauri. Yawancin ƙarnuka na ɓeraye za a iya kiyaye su a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Beraye suna da nutsuwa sosai idan aka tashe su daga haihuwa kuma aka basu isasshen saduwa da mutane. Koyaya, wasu sanannu an san su da saurin yanayi.
Halaiya
Masu bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Neurobiology ta Max Planck sun tabbatar da cewa beraye suna da yanayin fuska iri-iri. Sunyi amfani da hangen nesa don hango motsin zuciyar mutum kamar jin daɗi, ƙyama, tashin zuciya, ciwo, da tsoro.
Kamar yadda dabbobi
Mutane da yawa suna siyan beraye a matsayin abokan gida. Za su iya zama masu wasa, masu ƙauna kuma suna iya yin amfani da abubuwan da ake gudanarwa. Kamar berayen dabbobin bera, bai kamata a bar berayen dabbobin ba tare da kulawa ba a waje saboda suna da masu farauta da yawa, gami da (amma ba'a iyakance shi ba) tsuntsaye, macizai, ƙadangare, kuliyoyi, da karnuka. Beraye mata suna da warin da ya fi na mata. Koyaya, beraye sune masu kula da kyau kuma a matsayin su na dabbobin gida basa buƙatar wanka. Beraye masu lura da kyau na iya yin dabbobin gida masu kyau. Wasu samfuran kulawa da linzamin kwamfuta sune:
Abinci
A yanayi, ɓeraye suna yawan cin ciyawa, suna cin kowane irin 'ya'yan itace ko hatsi daga tsire-tsire. Koyaya, ɓera suna dacewa da biranen birni kuma an san su da cin kusan nau'ikan tarkacen abinci. A cikin kamewa, ana ciyar da beraye cin abincin bera mai ƙyalƙyali. Wadannan kayan abinci sun kammala cikakke, amma har yanzu suna bukatar kayan lambu iri-iri.
Beraye ba su da abinci na musamman don cuku. Za su ci cuku ne kawai saboda rashin ingantattun zabi.
Kamar abinci
Beraye sune kayan abinci a cikin yawancin ƙananan dabbobi masu cin nama. Mutane sun taɓa cin beraye tun zamanin da. A Burtaniya ta Biritaniya, har yanzu ana ba da soyayyun beraye ga yara a matsayin maganin jama'a don yin jika-gado ; yayin da Jared Diamond ya ba da rahoton ƙirƙirar beraye da ake amfani da su a Ingila a matsayin ƙarin abincin abinci a lokacin rabon WW II. Beraye abinci ne na abinci a duk gabashin Zambiya da arewacin Malawi, inda suka kasance tushen tushen furotin na lokaci-lokaci. Berayen gona sanannen abinci ne a Vietnam da ƙasashe maƙwabta. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, kodayake, bera ba abu ne na abinci ba.
A cikin kasashe daban-daban ana amfani da beraye a matsayin abinci na dabbobin gida kamar macizai, kadangaru, kwadi, tarantula, da tsuntsayen ganima, kuma shagunan dabbobi da yawa suna ɗaukar beraye don wannan dalilin.
Kalmomin gama gari waɗanda ake amfani dasu don magana zuwa shekaru daban-daban / girma na ɓera idan aka siyar don abincin dabbobi sune "pinkies", "fuzzies", "crawlers", "hoppers", da "manya". Pinkies sabbin beraye ne waɗanda basu riga sun yi fur ba; fuzzies suna da wasu fur amma basu da motsi sosai; kuma masu tsalle suna da cikakkun gashin gashi kuma suna da cikakken motsi amma sun fi ƙananan beraye girma. Beraye ba tare da Jawo ba sun fi sauƙi ga dabba ya cinye; duk da haka, beraye tare da Jawo na iya zama mai gamsarwa azaman abincin dabbobi. Ana amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗan don nuni zuwa matakan girma na beraye (duba ratwa mai zato ).
Asifa Quraishi
Asifa Bano Quraishi (aka Asifa Quraishi-Landes) (an haife ta a watan Yuli 17, 1967) ba'amurkiya ce malama ce kuma masaniyar shari'a. Ita farfesa ce a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, inda take koyar da kwasa-kwasan shari'ar Musulunci da dokokin tsarin mulkin Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakardar shari'a a kotunan tarayya ta Amurka. Littattafanta na baya-bayan nan suna magana ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi tsarin mulkin Musulunci, dangane da batun raba ikon shari'a da kuma hanyoyin tafsirin nafsi. Quraishi ta kuma rubuta labarai ga kafafen yada labarai irin su The Washington Post da Middle East Eye da ke bayani kan lamura da batutuwan da suka shafi Musulunci.
Quraishi memba ce a kwamitin kafa kungiyar lauyoyin musulmi ta kasa (NAML), kungiyar 'yar uwarta ta Muslim Advocates, da ke San Francisco, da kuma Musulman Amurkawa akan Koyo da Activism (AMILA). Ita ma yar uwa ce a kungiyar mata musulmai, kuma ta taba zama shugabar kungiyar matan musulmi.
Quraishi ya sami zama mabiyi ga Guggenheim a 2012.
Mamata Banerjee
Mamata Banerjee (an haifeta a ranar 5 ga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1955) yar siyasa ce ta Indiya wacce ke aiki a matsayin na takwas kuma na yanzu babban minista a jihar West Bengal ta Indiya tun ranar 20 ga watan Mayu shekarata 2011, mace ta farko da ta rike ofishin. Mamata Banerjee ta yi aiki sau da yawa a matsayin Ministar Majalisar Tarayyar, ta zama Babban Ministan Yammacin Bengal a karon farko a cikin shekarar 2011. Ta kafa All India Trinamool Congress (AITC ko TMC) a cikin shekarata alif 1998 bayan ta rabu da Majalisar Indiya ta Indiya, kuma ta zama shugabar ta ta biyu daga baya a shekarar 2001.
Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Yammacin Bengal daga Bhabanipur daga shekarata 2011 zuwa shekarata 2021. Ita ce babbar ministar yammacin Bengal ta uku da ta fadi zabe daga mazabarta, bayan Prafulla Chandra Sen a shekarata alif 1967 da Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee a shekarata 2011. Ta jagoranci jam'iyyarta zuwa ga gagarumin nasara a zaben shekarata 2021 na babban taron majalisar dokokin Bengal.
Adlène Guedioura
Adlène Guedioura ( عدلان قديورة; an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba 1985) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Aljeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Aljeriya.
A matakin kulob din, Guedioura ya yi wasa a Sedan, Noisy-le-Sec, L'Entente SSG da Créteil a Faransa, Kortrijk da Charleroi a Belgium, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Nottingham Forest, Crystal Palace, Watford, Middlesbrough da Sheffield United a Ingila, da Al-Gharafa a Qatar.
An haife shi a Faransa, a matakin kasa da kasa yana wakiltar Algeria, mahaifar mahaifinsa wanda shi ma ya taka leda a kungiyar. An san Guedioura don harbin dogon zango mai ƙarfi. A cikin lokacin 2011 – 12, ya ci "Goal of the Season" a duka Nottingham Forest da Wolverhampton Wanderers. Ana tunanin shi ne dan wasan kwallon kafa na farko da ya taba lashe kyautar kungiyoyin biyu a kakar wasa daya.
Rayuwar farko
Guedioura, an haife shi a La Roche-sur-Yon, Faransa, Mahaifiyarsa'yar Sipaniya (Enriqueta Soreira Pons, tsohuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta Spain ),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan Algeria Nacer Guedioura.
Farkon aiki
Ya fara buga kwallon kafa mai son tare da Racing Paris a matakin matakin kwallon kafa na biyar na Faransa, inda kyawunsa a kungiyar ya jawo hankalin kulob din Sedan na Ligue 2, wanda ya koma a 2004. Guedioura ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami damar samun damar ƙungiyar ta farko a Sedan kuma ya bar kulob ɗin a 2005 don shiga ƙungiyar Noisy-le-Sec ta huɗu. Ya buga wasanni 15 gaba daya a kungiyar inda ya zura kwallo daya.
Daga nan ya koma mataki na uku tare da L'Entente SSG a cikin 2006. Ya buga wasanni 21 a kungiyar, inda ya zura kwallaye 3. Ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar US Créteil-Lusitanos ta Faransa a 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye 6 a wasanni 24.
Belgium
Guedioura ya koma Belgium a lokacin rani na 2008, ya koma Belgian Pro League Kortrijk kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. Ya yi jimillar wasanni 10 a Kortrijk. Ya shafe rabin kakar wasa tare da kungiyar kuma ya koma kungiyar ta Pro League Charleroi a cikin Janairu 2009, kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara da rabi. Ya buga wasanni 25 a kungiyar a matsayin kaftin, inda ya zura kwallo daya, kafin ya koma kungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers ta kasar Ingila aro a watan Janairun 2010 har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta bana.
Wolverhampton Wanderers
A cikin sa'o'i 24 da isowarsa Wolves, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi babu ci da Liverpool, nan da nan ya zama dan wasa na yau da kullun yayin da kulob din ya tabbatar da tsira a gasar Premier a karon farko. Ya fara wasan Wolves na farko a wasan da suka doke Tottenham da ci 1-0 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2010. Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kulob din a wasan karshe na kakar wasa ta bana don samun nasara a kan Sunderland, bayan haka an tabbatar da cewa ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba, ana kyautata zaton yana yankin. £2m. Guedioura ya sami karaya bayan da Steve Sidwell na Aston Villa ya fafata a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2010. A ranar 30 ga Maris, Guedioura ya dawo wa Wolves bayan watanni 6 yana jin rauni a karawar da Blackpool Reserves, ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 kuma ya ci wasan 2–1, tare da Guedioura ya zura kwallo a ragar yadi 25. A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, Guedioura ya fara bayyanar da tawagarsa bayan watanni 6 ya ji rauni a Wolves, yana wasa 75 mintuna a gasar Premier League Everton. A ranar 8 ga watan Mayu ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier ta 2010/2011 yayin nasarar 3-1 a wasan gida da West Bromwich Albion.