cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Bonheur Mugisha
Ayyukan kasa
An gayyaci Mugisha don shiga cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 23 a lokacin bazara na 2021 amma bai yi ba saboda ci gaba da cutar ta COVID-19. A cikin watan Janairu, shekarar 2022 ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa babban ƙungiyar don wasan sada zumunci da Guinea. Ya buga babban wasansa na farko a duniya a wasan farko a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2022 kuma ya ci gaba da bayyana a wasannin biyu.
Walƙiya mai haɗari
Yajin walƙiya ko walƙiya shine fitarwar lantarki tsakanin yanayi da ƙasa. Yawancin ya samo asali ne a cikin gajimare na cumulonimbus kuma yana ƙarewa a ƙasa, wanda ake kira walƙiya -zuwa ƙasa (CG). Wani nau'in yajin da ba a saba sabawa ba, walƙiya daga ƙasa zuwa gajimare (GC), walƙiya ce mai haɓakawa zuwa sama wanda aka fara daga wani abu mai tsayi kuma yana shiga cikin gajimare. Kusan kashi 69 cikin 100 na duk abubuwan da ke faruwa na walƙiya a duk duniya suna faruwa ne tsakanin yanayi da abubuwan da ke daure ƙasa. Yawancin su ne intracloud (IC) walƙiya da gajimare-zuwa-girgije (CC), inda fitarwa kawai ke faruwa a cikin sararin samaniya. Walƙiya tana afkawa matsakaicin jirgin sama na kasuwanci aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara, amma injiniyanci da ƙira na zamani yana nufin wannan ba matsala bace. Motsin jirage ta cikin gajimare na iya haifar da tashin walƙiya.
Walƙiya guda ɗaya ita ce "flash", wanda ke da sarƙaƙƙiya, tsari mai yawa, wasu sassa waɗanda ba a fahimta sosai ba. Yawancin CG suna walƙiya kawai "busa" wuri ɗaya na jiki, wanda ake magana da shi azaman "ƙarewa". Tashar gudanarwa ta farko, haske mai haske, wanda ake iya gani kuma ana kiranta "yajin", kusan inci ɗaya ne kawai a diamita, amma saboda tsananin haske, sau da yawa ya fi girma ga idon ɗan adam da hotuna. Fitowar walƙiya yawanci tsayin mil ne, amma wasu nau'ikan watsawar a kwance na iya kaiwa sama da dubun mil a tsayi. Dukan filasha yana ɗaukar ɗan juzu'in daƙiƙa ɗaya kacal
Raunin
Hatsarin walƙiya na iya haifar da munanan raunuka, kuma suna da mutuwa a tsakanin kashi 10 zuwa 30% na lokuta, tare da kusan kashi 80% na waɗanda suka tsira suna samun raunuka na dogon lokaci. Wadannan raunuka masu tsanani ba yawanci ba ne suke haifar da ƙonawar zafi, tun da halin yanzu yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci don zafi da kyallen takarda; A maimakon haka, jijiyoyi da tsokoki na iya lalacewa kai tsaye ta hanyar babban ƙarfin lantarki da ke samar da ramuka a cikin membranes na tantanin halitta, tsarin da ake kira electroporation.
A cikin yajin kai tsaye, igiyoyin lantarki a cikin tashar walƙiya suna wucewa kai tsaye ta cikin wanda aka azabtar. Yawan faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kusa da mafi ƙarancin na'urorin lantarki (kamar ɗan adam), yana haifar da iskar da ke kewaye da ionize kuma ta karye, sannan kuma walƙiya na waje yana karkatar da mafi yawan magudanar ruwa ta yadda ya zagaya "zagaye" jiki, yana rage rauni. .
Abubuwan ƙarfe da ke hulɗa da fata na iya "maida hankali" ƙarfin walƙiya, idan aka yi la'akari da shi shi ne mafi kyawun jagorar halitta da kuma hanyar da aka fi so, wanda ya haifar da mummunan rauni, kamar konewa daga narkakkar da ƙarfe ko ƙafe. Akalla lokuta biyu (2) ne aka bayar da rahoton inda wani yajin aikin sanye da iPod ya samu munanan raunuka sakamakon haka.
A lokacin walƙiya, to Amman kodayake, halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar tashar da kewayen jiki na iya haifar da manyan filayen lantarki da EMPs, waɗanda zasu iya haifar da ɓacin rai (surges) a cikin tsarin juyayi ko bugun zuciya, yana ɓata ayyukan yau da kullun. Wannan tasirin na iya bayyana lokuta inda kamawar zuciya ko kamawa ya biyo bayan yajin walƙiya wanda bai haifar da rauni na waje ba. Hakanan yana iya yin nuni ga wanda aka azabtar ba a buga shi kai tsaye ba kwata-kwata, amma kawai yana kusa da ƙarshen yajin.
Wani illar walƙiya akan masu kallo shi ne ga jinsu. Sakamakon girgizar tsawa na iya lalata kunnuwa. Hakanan, kutsewar wutar lantarki ga wayoyi ko belun kunne na iya haifar da lalatar amo.
Epidemiology
Kimanin al'amura kimanin 240,000 game da walƙiya na faruwa a duniya kowace shekara.
A cewar National Geographic, kimanin mutane kimanin 2,000 a duk shekara ana kashe su a duniya ta hanyar walƙiya. Dangane da waɗannan alkalumman, to, matsakaicin ɗan adam yana da kusan ɗaya daga cikin 60,000 zuwa 80,000 damar faɗaɗa wa walƙiya a cikin rayuwar kusan shekaru 65-70. Haka kuma, saboda karuwar wayar da kan jama'a da ingantattun masu kula da walƙiya da kariya, adadin masu mutuwan walƙiya a kowace shekara yana raguwa a kowace shekara.
A cewar Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta Kasa, a cikin shekaru 40 da suka wuce, Amurka ta yi asarar rayuka 51 a duk shekara, lamarin da ya sa ya zama na biyu mafi yawan sanadin mutuwar masu nasaba da yanayi bayan ambaliya. A cikin Amurka, tsakanin 9 zuwa 10% na waɗanda aka kashe sun mutu, tare da matsakaicin mutuwar 25 na shekara-shekara a cikin shekaru goma na shekarar 2010 (16 a cikin shekarata 2017).
A Kisii da ke yammacin Kenya, kimanin mutane kimanin 30 ne ke mutuwa a kowace shekara sakamakon tsawa. Yawan kashewar walƙiyar Kisii na faruwa ne saboda yawan tsawa da kuma saboda yawancin gine-ginen yankin suna da rufin ƙarfe.
Wadannan kididdigar ba su nuna bambanci tsakanin hare-haren kai tsaye ba, inda wanda aka azabtar ya kasance wani bangare na hanyar walƙiya, sakamakon kai tsaye na kusa da wurin ƙarewa, kamar igiyoyin ruwa na ƙasa, da kuma sakamakon, inda abin da ya faru ya taso daga abubuwan da suka biyo baya, kamar gobara. ko fashewa. Ko da mafi yawan ƙwararrun masu amsawa na farko ba za su iya gane raunin da ya shafi walƙiya ba, balle cikakkun bayanai, wanda ma'aikacin likita, mai binciken 'yan sanda, ko kuma a wani lokaci da ba kasafai ƙwararren ƙwararren walƙiya na iya samun wahalar gano yin rikodin daidai ba. Wannan yana watsi da gaskiyar cewa walƙiya, a matsayin abin da ya faru na farko, na iya ɗaukar alhakin gaba ɗaya da sakamakon haɗari.
Rikicin kai-tsaye na iya yin sama da adadin da aka ruwaito.
Tasiri kan ciyayi
Bishiyoyi sune masu jagorantar walƙiya akai-akai zuwa ƙasa. Tunda ruwan 'ya'yan itace maras nauyi ne, juriyar wutar lantarki ya sa ya yi zafi da zafi zuwa tururi, wanda ke fitar da bawon a wajen hanyar walƙiya. A cikin yanayi masu zuwa, bishiyoyi suna girma wurin da suka lalace kuma suna iya rufe shi gaba ɗaya, yana barin tabo a tsaye kawai. Idan lalacewar ta yi tsanani, to bishiyar ba za ta iya farfadowa ba, kuma rubewar ya taso, daga ƙarshe ya kashe bishiyar gaba ɗaya.
A yankunan da ba su da yawa kamar Gabas mai Nisa na Rasha da Siberiya, walƙiya na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haddasa gobarar dazuzzuka. Hayaki da hazo da wata babbar gobarar dajin ke fitarwa na iya haifar da cajin wutar lantarki, tare da kunna ƙarin gobara a ƙasan kilomita da yawa sosai.
Fasa duwatsu
Lokacin da ruwa a cikin dutsen da ya karye ya yi saurin zafi ta hanyar yajin walƙiya, sakamakon fashewar tururi zai iya haifar da tarwatsewar dutse da kuma jujjuya duwatsu. Yana iya zama wani muhimmin al'amari na zaizayar wurare masu zafi da tsaunuka na wurare masu zafi waɗanda ba a taɓa samun dusar ƙanƙara ba. To Amman Shaidar faɗuwar walƙiya ta haɗa da filayen maganadisu marasa kuskure.
Lalacewar lantarki da tsarin
Wayoyin hannu, modem, kwamfuta, da sauran na’urorin lantarki na iya lalacewa ta hanyar walƙiya, saboda cutar da ke tattare da wuce gona da iri na iya isa gare su ta hanyar jack ɗin wayar, kebul na Ethernet, ko wutar lantarki. Kusa-kusa yana iya haifar da EMPs, musamman a lokacin " fitowar walƙiya".
Wutar walƙiya tana da saurin tashi sosai, akan tsari na kusan 40 kA a cikin microsecond. Don haka, masu gudanar da irin wannan igiyoyin suna nuna alamar tasirin fata, yana haifar da mafi yawan igiyoyin ruwa suna gudana ta hanyar waje na mai gudanarwa.
Baya ga lalacewar wayoyi na lantarki, sauran nau'ikan lalacewar da za a yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da tsari, gobara, da lalacewar kadarori.
Rigakafi da raguwa
Fannin tsarin kariyar walƙiya babbar masana'anta ce a duk duniya saboda tasirin walƙiya kan gine-gine da ayyukan ɗan adam. Walƙiya, kamar yadda ya bambanta a cikin kaddarorin da aka auna a fadin oda mai girma kamar yadda yake, na iya haifar da tasiri kai tsaye ko kuma yana da tasiri na biyu (2); kai ga rugujewar kayan aiki ko tsari ko kuma kawai haifar da gazawar firikwensin lantarki mai nisa; zai iya haifar da dakatar da ayyukan waje saboda matsalolin tsaro ga ma'aikata yayin da tsawa ta kusa kusa da wani yanki kuma har sai ta wuce isasshe; yana iya ƙone kayayyaki marasa ƙarfi da aka adana a cikin adadi mai yawa ko tsoma baki tare da aiki na yau da kullun na kayan aiki a lokuta masu mahimmanci sosai.
Yawancin na'urori da tsarin kariya na walƙiya suna kare tsarin jiki a cikin ƙasa, jirgin sama a cikin jirgin ya kasance sanannen keɓanta. Yayin da aka biya wasu hankali ga ƙoƙarin sarrafa walƙiya a cikin sararin samaniya, duk ƙoƙarin da aka yi ya kasance mai iyaka a cikin nasara. Chaff da azurfa iodide kristal an ƙirƙira su don yin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da ƙwayoyin gajimare, kuma an ba su kai tsaye cikin gajimare daga wani jirgin sama mai wuce gona da iri. An ƙera ƙashin ne don magance alamun wutar lantarki na guguwar daga ciki, yayin da aka ƙirƙiri fasahar gishirin iodide na azurfa don tunkarar ƙarfin injina na guguwar.
Tsarin kariya na walƙiya
Ana amfani da ɗaruruwan na'urori, gami da sandunan walƙiya da tsarin canja wurin caji, don rage lalacewar walƙiya da tasiri hanyar walƙiya.
A cikin shekarata 1962, Hukumar ta USAF ta sanya ginshiƙan hasumiya mai kariyar walƙiya a duk wuraren da aka harba makami mai linzami na Jupiter MRBM na Italiya da Turkiyya bayan wasu hare-hare biyu da ke ɗauke da makamai masu linzami.
Tsarin kulawa da faɗakarwa
Har yanzu ba a iya tantance ainihin wurin da walkiya za ta kasance da kuma lokacin da zai faru. Koyaya, an ƙirƙira samfura da tsare-tsare daban-daban na sarƙaƙƙiya don faɗakar da mutane yayin da yuwuwar yajin aikin ke ƙaruwa sama da matakin da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar kimanta haɗarin yanayi da yanayin wurin. Wani muhimmin ci gaba shi ne a fannin gano walƙiya ta hanyar na'urorin kallo na tushen ƙasa da na tauraron dan adam. Ba a yi hasashen buguwa da walƙiya na yanayi ba, amma matakin dalla-dalla da waɗannan fasahohin suka rubuta ya inganta sosai a cikin shekaru a ƙalla 20 da suka gabata.
Ko da yake yawanci ana danganta shi da tsawa a kusa, walƙiya na iya faruwa a ranar da kamar babu gajimare. Ana kiran wannan abin da ya faru da "kullun daga shuɗi [sky]"; Walƙiya na iya afkawa har zuwa mil kusan 10 daga gajimare.
Walƙiya tana tsoma baki tare da sigina na rediyo na amplitude (AM) fiye da siginar daidaitawa (FM), yana ba da hanya mai sauƙi don auna ƙarfin walƙiya na gida. Don yin haka, ya kamata mutum ya daidaita daidaitaccen mai karɓar raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na AM zuwa mitar ba tare da tashoshi masu watsawa ba, kuma ya saurari ƙuƙumma a tsakanin madaidaicin. Ƙarfi ko walƙiya na kusa zai haifar da tsagewa idan an kunna mai karɓar zuwa tasha. Yayin da ƙananan mitoci ke yaɗuwa tare da ƙasa fiye da na sama, ƙananan ƙananan igiyoyin igiya (MW) (a cikin kashi 500-600). kewayon kHz) na iya gano alamun walƙiya a nesa mai tsayi; idan band longwave (153-279 kHz) yana samuwa, yin amfani da shi na iya ƙara wannan kewayon har ma da ƙari.
An ƙirƙira tsarin gano walƙiya kuma ana iya tura shi a wuraren da walƙiya ke haifar da haɗari na musamman, kamar wuraren shakatawa na jama'a. An tsara irin waɗannan tsare-tsare don gano yanayin da aka yi imanin zai taimaka wa faɗakarwar walƙiya da kuma ba da gargaɗi ga waɗanda ke kusa da su don ba su damar ɗaukar matakan da suka dace.
Tsaro na sirri
Cibiyar Tsaro ta Walƙiya ta Ƙasar Amirka tana ba da shawara ga jama'ar Amirka da su yi shiri don kare lafiyarsu lokacin da hadari ya faru kuma su fara shi da zarar an ga walƙiya na farko ko aka ji tsawa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, saboda walƙiya na iya tashi ba tare da faɗuwar ruwan sama ba. Idan za a iya jin aradu kwata-kwata, to akwai hadarin walƙiya. Wuri mafi aminci shine cikin gini ko abin hawa. Idan a ciki, guje wa kayan lantarki da famfo, gami da shawa. Hatsarin ya kasance har zuwa mintuna a ƙalla 30 bayan walƙiya ko tsawa ta ƙarshe.
Cibiyar Tsaro ta Walƙiya ta Ƙasa ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da hanyar FB (flash to boom) don auna nisa zuwa yajin walƙiya. Walƙiyar walƙiya da sakamakon tsawa na faruwa a kusan lokaci guda. Amma haske yana tafiyar kilomita kusan 300,000 a cikin dakika 1, kusan sau miliyoyi gudun sauti. Sauti yana tafiya a hankali cikin sauri kusan 340 m/sec (ya danganta da yanayin zafi), don haka ana ganin walƙiyar walƙiya kafin a ji aradu. Hanya don tantance tazara tsakanin yajin walƙiya da mai kallo ya haɗa da kirga daƙiƙa tsakanin walƙiyar walƙiya da tsawa. Sannan, a raba uku don tantance tazarar kilomita, ko da biyar tsawon mil. Ya kamata a dauki matakan gaggawa don guje wa walƙiya idan lokacin FB ya kasance daƙiƙa kimanin 25 ko ƙasa da haka, ma'ana, idan walƙiya ya kusa kusa da 8. km da 5 mil.
Wani rahoto ya nuna cewa ko mutum yana tsaye, yana tsugunne, ko yana kwance a waje yayin da ake tsawa ba kome ba ne, domin walƙiya na iya tafiya tare da ƙasa; wannan rahoton ya ba da shawarar kasancewa a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan tsari ko abin hawa ya fi aminci. A cikin Amurka, matsakaicin adadin masu mutuwa na shekara-shekara daga walƙiya yana kusan mutuwar mutane 51 a kowace shekara, kodayake kwanan nan, a cikin lokacin shekarata 2009 zuwa 2018, Amurka ta sami matsakaicin asarar walƙiya 27 kawai a kowace shekara. Ayyuka mafi haɗari sun haɗa da kamun kifi, kwale-kwale, zango, da golf. Mutumin da ya ji rauni ta hanyar walƙiya ba ya ɗaukar cajin wutar lantarki, kuma ana iya kula da shi lafiya don neman taimakon gaggawa kafin isowar sabis na gaggawa. Walƙiya na iya shafar ƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ke sarrafa numfashi.
Yawancin bincike da aka gudanar a Kudancin Asiya da Afirka sun nuna cewa ba a yi la'akari da illolin walƙiya da muhimmanci a can ba. Wata tawagar bincike daga Jami'ar Colombo ta gano cewa ko a unguwannin da suka fuskanci mace-mace sakamakon walkiya, ba a dauki matakan kariya daga guguwar da za ta yi gaba ba. A shekarar 2007 ne aka gudanar da taron kwararru kan yadda za a wayar da kan jama'a game da walƙiya da kuma inganta matakan kariya daga walƙiya, tare da nuna damuwa cewa ƙasashe da dama ba su da ƙa'idojin kafa sandunan walƙiya a hukumance.
Sanannen al'amura
Kamar yadda irin wannan sau da yawa ba shi da ma'ana, kodayake sai mai yiwuwa walƙiyar walƙiya ta shiga, don haka rarraba shi a matsayin "al'amarin walƙiya" ya rufe dukkan tushe.
A cikin jirgin
Ana yawan afkawa jiragen sama da walƙiya ba tare da lahani ba, tare da buga irin na kasuwanci da aka saba yi aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara. Wani lokaci, ko da yake, sakamakon yajin aiki yana da tsanani sosai.
Wutar walƙiya mafi tsayi
Wutar walƙiya ta shekarar 2020 a kudancin Amurka ta kafa tarihi mafi tsayi da aka taɓa ganowa. Jirgin ya yi nisan mil 477 (kilomita 768) a kan Mississippi, Louisiana, da Texas, duk da cewa yana tsakanin gajimare ne kuma bai taba kasa ba. Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya ta tabbatar da matsayinta na karya rikodin a cikin Janairun shekarata 2022.
Talansan
Talansan dai shi ne wurin da aka gwabza fada a Futa Jallon da ke kasar Guinea a yanzu, inda dakarun musulmi suka yi nasara. Yakin ya kasance wani muhimmin lamari a cikin jihadin da aka samar da Imaman Futa Jallon a cikinsa.
Jagororin da aka kafa na yankin sun yi adawa da jam'iyyar maraba, wadanda ke adawa da Musulunci. Yakin Talansan wani gagarumin nasara ne ga masu fafutuka. Talansan wani wuri ne a gabas da Timbo a gabar kogin Bafing. A bisa al’ada, rundunar musulmi 99 ta yi galaba a kan wata rundunar kafirci da ta fi girma sau goma, inda suka kashe da yawa daga cikin abokan hamayyarsu. Duk da haka, gwagwarmayar maida jama'a ta ci gaba da fuskantar turjiya, musamman daga makiyayan Fulbe. Da kyau sun ji tsoron cewa masu fafutuka za su yi amfani da addinin su tabbatar da ikon rayuwarsu.
Yawancin majiyoyin sun yi yaƙin kusan 1727 AD (1140 AH), a farkon jihadi. Wasu sun ce yaƙin ya faru ne a cikin shekarun 1747 ko 1748, bayan shekaru da yawa na yaƙin da aka yi asarar bayanan. Wani sashi na tarihin Fulani na gargajiya da wata al'ummar mishan ta buga a 1876 ya goyi bayan ranar farko, yana mai cewa yakin ya faru ne a farkon jihadi, kuma an nada Alfa na Timbo (Karamokho Alfa) bayan nasara. Ya yi mulki shekara goma sha takwas.
Higdem Township, Polk County, Minnesota
Garin Higdem gari ne, da ke cikin gundumar Polk, Minnesota, Amurka. Yana daga cikin Babban Forks - ND - MN Metropolitan Area Statistical Area. Yawan jama'a ya kai 99 a ƙidayar 2000.
Yaƙin Porédaka
Yakin Porédaka (13 ga Nuwamba 1896) wani ɗan ƙaramin aiki ne wanda sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka fatattaki dakarun Imaman Futa Jallon na ƙarshe, bayan haka aka shigar da Fouta Djallon cikin ƙungiyar Senegambia.
Culver Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Culver Township birni ne, da ke a gundumar Saint Louis, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 294 a ƙidayar 2010.
Delavan Township, Faribault County, Minnesota
Garin Delavan birni ne, da ke cikin Faribault County, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 275 a ƙidayar 2000.
Culver Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Hanyar US 2 tana aiki azaman babbar hanya don garin. Babbar Hanya 2 tana gudana gabas – yamma tare da layin kan iyaka na Culver Township tare da kusancin Garin Stoney Brook.
Al'ummar da ba ta da haɗin gwiwa ta Culver, a cikin garin Culver, tana da nisan mil 27 arewa maso yamma da garin Duluth a mahadar titin Saint Louis County Highway 7 (CR 7) da County Road 8 (CR 8).
Delavan Township, Faribault County, Minnesota
Garin Delavan asalin ana kiransa Guthrie Township, kuma ƙarƙashin sunan na ƙarshe an shirya shi a cikin 1858. An sake masa suna a cikin 1872 bayan birnin Delavan, Minnesota.
Yaƙin Porédaka
Fage
Futa Jallon ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin jihohi masu cin gashin kai na karshe a Senegambia. A shekara ta 1890 Bokar Biro ya karbi mulki a juyin mulki bayan ya kashe dan uwansa, kuma ya fara sanya mutanen da suke masa biyayya a kan mukamai. An fara gwagwarmayar gani-ga-gani, inda Bokar Biro ya yi asara fiye da sau daya ya kuma dawo da mulki. Faransawa sun yanke shawarar shiga tsakani, kuma sun aika da wani karamin runduna suna neman yarjejeniya tare da sharuɗɗan da suka fifita muradun su akan Burtaniya. Bokar Biro ya yi kamar ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar, amma lokacin da aka bincika takardar a Saint Louis, sai ya zama cewa a madadin sa hannun Bokar Biro ya rubuta "Bismillah", ma'ana "da sunan Allah".
Delavan Township, Faribault County, Minnesota
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 35.5 sqmi, wanda daga ciki 33.3 sqmi   ƙasa ce kuma 2.2 sqmi   (6.28%) ruwa ne.
Yaƙin Porédaka
Yaƙi
A karshen damina a karshen shekara ta 1896 Faransa ta aike da dakaru daga Senegal, Guinea da Sudan, inda suka taru a Futa Jallon. Wani shafi na Faransa ya kama Timbo a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba 1896. Bokar Biro ya kasa samun goyon bayan sarakunan wajen yin tir da Faransawa. Ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1896 Bokar Biro ya gwabza fada a filin Porédaka. Hadaddiyar rundunar sojojin Faransa da Fulbe karkashin jagorancin dan uwansa Umaru Bademba Barry sun yi adawa da shi. Sojojin Faransa sun lalata sojojinsa. Wani mawaƙin da ya kwatanta yaƙin ya ce Bokar Biro ya cika alkawari. Bai gudu daga Faransawa ba, amma fashewar bindigar ya kashe shi. Bokar Biro ya rasu tare da shi.
Culver Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Wani yanki na Culver Township yana cikin Fond du Lac Indian Reservation.
Yaƙin Porédaka
Sakamako
Faransawa sun kafa mazaunin Timbo. Sun amince da ‘yancin Alfa Yaya, sarkin da ya goyi bayansu, suka nada Umaru Bademba a matsayin almajiri. Bayan 'yan watanni an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kariya kuma a watan Yuni 1897 Ernest Noirot ya zama mai kula da jihar. Noirot ya sadaukar da kansa don kawar da cibiyar bauta. Da farko Faransawa sun ajiye tsarin sarakunan da ake da su, ko da yake sun kawar da duk wani mai adawa. A cikin shekarar 1904 Faransawa sun sake fasalin tsarin mulki, tare da cire ikon shugabannin. A 1905 suka kama Alfa Yaya suka tura shi gudun hijira.
Delavan Township, Faribault County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 275, gidaje 116, da iyalai 83 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 8.3 a kowace murabba'in mil (3.2/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 158 a matsakaicin yawa na 4.7/sq mi (1.8/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.55% Fari, 1.09% Ba'amurke, da 0.36% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye.
Higdem Township, Polk County, Minnesota
An shirya Garin Higdem a cikin 1879, kuma an ba shi suna don Arne O. Higdem, jami'in gunduma.
Delavan Township, Faribault County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Akwai gidaje 116, daga cikinsu kashi 25.0 cikin 100 na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 66.4% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 2.6% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 27.6% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 22.4% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma 12.1% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.37 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.81.
Kisan kiyashi a jihar Sokoto, Oktoba 2021
Kisan gillar da aka yi a jihar Sokoto a watan Oktoban 2021 ya kasance kisan kiyashi da ya faru a kasuwa a Sokoto, Najeriya. ‘Yan bindiga da aka fi sani da ‘yan bindiga ne suka yi kisan kiyashin. Akalla mutane 40 ne aka kashe baki ɗaya, lamarin da ya janyo suka daga gwamnan jihar Godwin Obaseki da shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari.
Higdem Township, Polk County, Minnesota
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 23.4 sqmi, wanda daga ciki 23.2 sqmi ƙasa ce kuma 0.2 sqmi (0.68%) ruwa ne.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 99, gidaje 37, da iyalai 28 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 4.3 a kowace murabba'in mil (1.6/km 2). Akwai rukunin gidaje 38 a matsakaicin yawa na 1.6/sq mi (0.6/km 2). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 96.97% Fari, 3.03% daga sauran jinsi. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 3.03% na yawan jama'a.
Akwai gidaje 37, daga cikinsu kashi 35.1% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 70.3% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 2.7% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 24.3% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 21.6% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 2.7% na da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.68 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.11.
A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 27.3% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 9.1% daga 18 zuwa 24, 34.3% daga 25 zuwa 44, 20.2% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 9.1% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 34. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 130.2. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 118.2.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $46,563, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $52,500. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $41,250 sabanin $20,938 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $18,333. Akwai 13.3% na iyalai da 10.3% na yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 10.0% na ƙasa da goma sha takwas kuma babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka haura 64.
Cututtukan da gurɓatar yanayi ke haifarwa
Cututtuka da gurbatar yanayi ke haifarwa, suna haifar da rashin lafiya na yau da kullun da mutuwar kusan mutane miliyan 8.4 kowace shekara. Koyaya, gurɓataccen abu yana karɓar ɗan ƙaramin abin sha'awa daga al'ummar duniya. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gurbatar yanayi yana haifar da cututtuka da yawa wanda sau da yawa yana da wuya a iya daidaita layi tsakanin sanadi da Kuma sakamako.
Delavan Township, Faribault County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 21.1% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 6.5% daga 18 zuwa 24, 26.2% daga 25 zuwa 44, 28.4% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 17.8% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 42. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 111.5. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 106.7.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $40,893, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $44,167. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $35,781 sabanin $18,036 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $24,100. Kusan 2.6% na iyalai da 4.5% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da babu ɗayan waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekara sha takwas da 3.9% na waɗanda 65 ko sama da su.
Cututtukan da gurɓatar yanayi ke haifarwa
Cututtukan gurbacewar iska
A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), gurbacewar iska na da nasaba da mutuwar mutane kusan miliyan 7 da wuri. Anan ne takaitattun cututtuka da gurbatar iska ke haifarwa:
Gurbacewar ruwa
A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC): “ Cututtukan ruwa suna haifar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za a iya yada su kai tsaye ta gurɓataccen ruwa. Sannan Yawancin cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa suna haifar da ciwon gudawa [A kula: ba duk cututtukan da aka lissafa a ƙasa ke haifar da gudawa ba]. Kashi tamanin da takwas na masu fama da gudawa a duniya suna da alaƙa da rashin tsaftataccen ruwan sha, rashin isasshen tsafta ko rashin tsafta. Wadannan lokuta Kuma suna haifar da mutuwar mutane miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, yawanci a cikin yara ƙanana. Dalilin mutuwar da aka saba shine rashin ruwa. Galibin cututtukan gudawa da mace-mace na faruwa a kasashe masu tasowa saboda rashin tsaftataccen ruwa, rashin tsafta, Duk da rashin tsafta. Sauran cututtuka na ruwa ba sa haifar da gudawa; a maimakon haka wadannan cututtuka na iya haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da ciwon fata, da kuma lalata gabobi.
Jagoranci
Tushen gubar gubar / gurɓatawar sun haɗa da hakar ma'adinai, narkewa, masana'anta da ayyukan sake yin amfani da su.
Arsenic
Arsenic wani abu ne da ke faruwa a zahiri kuma ana iya samun shi a cikin abinci, ruwa, ko iska. Akwai kuma tushen masana'antu na arsenic, gami da hakar ma'adinai da narkewa. “Mutane suna fuskantar hauhawar adadin sinadarin arsenic na inorganic ta hanyar shan gurbataccen ruwa, Kuma yin amfani da gurbataccen ruwa wajen shirya abinci da ban ruwa na amfanin gona, hanyoyin masana’antu, cin gurbataccen abinci da shan taba. Tsawon dogon lokaci ga arsenic inorganic ... na iya haifar da guba na arsenic na kullum. Sanna kuma Raunin fata da ciwon daji na fata sune mafi yawan halayen halayen."
Culver Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Tarihi
Culver Township an nada shi don Joshua B. Culver, magajin gari na farko na Duluth, Minnesota.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 35.1 sqmi  34.6 sqmi   ƙasa ce kuma 0.5 sqmi , ko 1.45%, ruwa ne.
Garuruwan maƙwabta
Wadannan suna kusa da Culver Township :
Alkaluma
A ƙidayar 2000 akwai mutane 285 a cikin gidaje 99, gami da iyalai 72, a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 8.2 a kowace murabba'in mil (3.2/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 118 a matsakaicin yawa na 3.4/sq mi (1.3/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 92.28% Fari, 5.96% Ba'amurke, da 1.75% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane jinsi sun kasance 0.35%.
Daga cikin gidaje 99 kashi 36.4% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 61.6% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 8.1% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 26.3% kuma ba na iyali ba ne. 20.2% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne kuma 10.1% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.70 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.05.
Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 29.5% a ƙarƙashin shekarun 18, 6.0% daga 18 zuwa 24, 27.7% daga 25 zuwa 44, 21.4% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 15.4% 65 ko fiye. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 35. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 115.9. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 101.0.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga gidan shine $38,333 kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga iyali shine $41,875. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $35,833 sabanin $16,705 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $15,028. Kimanin kashi 9.0% na iyalai da 12.7% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 13.4% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara sha takwas ba da 18.4% na waɗannan sittin da biyar ko sama da haka.
Lague Byiringiro
Lague Byeringiro (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Rwanda wanda ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar APR ta Rwanda da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Rwanda.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
Byringiro ya samu daukaka zuwa kungiyar farko ta APR a gasar Premier ta Rwanda (RPL) a watan Janairu, shekara ta 2018, kuma ya taka leda a gasar cin kofin Heroes daga baya a wannan watan. An zabi shi don Gwarzon Matashin Shekarar a 2018 RPL Awards bayan APR ta lashe taken ta na 17. Sun kuma lashe Super Cup a wancan lokacin. Byingiro ya yi jinya a watan Maris a shekarar 2019,bayan ya yi fama da yagewar kafarsa yayin wasan gasar da suka yi da Sunrise FC. A watan Mayun, shekarar 2020 ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiragin shekaru biyu. An yi watsi da gasar Premier ta 2019-20 saboda annobar COVID-19 a Ruwanda, kuma Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Rwanda ta ba APR taken gasar.
An saita shi don halartar gwaji tare da kulob din Switzerland FC Zürich a cikin Afrilu 2021.
Matasa
Byeringiro ya wakilci tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na kasa a lokacin neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na U-20 na 2019, ya zura kwallo a ragar Kenya a zagayen farko. Bayan 'yan watanni ya buga wasa daya tare da 'yan wasan Rwanda U23 a lokacin neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na U-23 na 2019.
Senior/Babban
An fara kiran Byeringiro zuwa babban tawagar kasar a watan Maris 2019 gabanin wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika da Ivory Coast, yana zaune a kan benci yayin shan kashi da ci 3-0. Daga nan ne manaja Vincent Mashami ya kira shi a watan Oktoba don wasan sada zumunci da Tanzaniya, kuma ya kasa fitowa. A watan Nuwamba 2020, an sanya shi cikin tawagar wucin gadi gabanin wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2021 da Cape Verde, amma an bar shi a cikin jerin sunayen yayin yanke karshe.
Dokar gurbataccen mai ta 1973
Dokar Gurbacewar Mai na shekarar 1973 ko Dokar Gurɓacewar Mai na 1973, 33 USC Babi na 20 §§ 1001-1011, wata dokar tarayya ce ta Amurka wacce ta gyara dokar Amurka ta 75. . Dokar Majalisar ta dore da kudurin Amurka na sarrafa fitar da gurbataccen mai daga jiragen ruwa da kuma amincewa da takunkumin da aka yi wa yankunan bakin teku a cikin ruwa masu kan iyaka.
Majalisar dokokinƙasar Amurka ta 93 ta zartar da dokar ta HR 5451 kuma shugaban Amurka na 37 Richard Nixon ya zartar a ranar 4 ga Oktoban shekarata 1973.
Tarihin OILPOL
Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don hana gurɓacewar teku ta Oil (OILPOL) taron ƙasa da ƙasa ne da Burtaniya ta shirya a shekarata 1954. An yi taron a London, Ingila daga 26 ga Afrilun, shekarar 1954 zuwa 12 ga Mayu, shekarata 1954. An kuma kira taron na kasa da kasa ne domin sanin yadda ake zubar da dattin datti wanda zai iya haifar da gurbacewar yanayi a cikin tekun.
Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don rigakafin gurɓacewar teku ta hanyar mai, a shekarata 1954 an rubuta ainihin rubutun cikin Ingilishi da Faransanci. An gyara ka'idar muhalli a shekarun 1962, 1969, da 1971.
gyare-gyaren OILPOL na shekarata 1971 sun ƙaddamar da hukunce-hukuncen teku waɗanda ba za a iya soke su ba don Babban Barrier Reef da ke cikin Tekun Coral. gyare-gyaren yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa sun gabatar da tanadin kula da ƙira don jiragen ruwa masu tafiya cikin teku waɗanda ke ƙayyadaddun tsarin samar da tankunan ruwa da iyakokin girman tankunan jiragen ruwa.
Abubuwan da Dokar
Canje - canjen na shekarata 1973 ya jaddada yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don rigakafin gurɓacewar ruwa ta hanyar mai, 1954 ta hanyar bin gyare-gyaren yarjejeniyar ta shekarun 1969 da 1971.
Soke Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1973
An soke dokar jama'a ta Amurka ta shekarata 1973 ta hanyar kafa dokar hana gurɓacewar ruwa daga jiragen ruwa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, shekarar 1980.
Bumi
Buumi (bambance-bambance masu yawa : Buumy, Bumy, Bumi, da dai sauransu) ya kasance lakabin sarauta na Serer a cikin Serer pre-colonial Kingdoms of Sine, Saloum da kuma baya Baol. Duk waɗannan masarautun Serer kafin mulkin mallaka yanzu suna cikin Sanagal na zamani. Koyaya, Gambiya ta yau, ana kiranta Lower Saloum kuma tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Masarautar Saloum. Bumi ya kasance dan gidan sarauta ne. Shi ne farkon wanda ya gaji sarautar Maad a Sinig (Sarkin Sine) ko Maad Saloum (sarkin Saloum). A wasu lokuta, Buumi na iya yin aiki a matsayin mai mulki idan sarki ya zama ƙarami, kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof, wanda aka naɗa kawunsa mai mulki har sai Maad Ama Joof ya girma. A cikin Sine kafin mulkin mallaka, Buumi yakan zauna a Somb Rongodior. A lokuta da dama, Maad a Sinig ne ya zaɓe shi a matsayin magajinsa, duk da haka, Babban Jaraff da Majalisar Zaɓe mai daraja ta gaba daya sun yanke shawarar wane dan gidan sarauta ne zai gaje gadon sarauta. Lokacin da Maad a Sinig ya mutu ba tare da nada Buumi nasa ba, kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Mbackeh Neb Njie, "thilas" (na biyu a kan karagar mulki) na iya gaje shi kamar yadda ya faru da Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb. Joof.
Buumi ya kasance mutum mai mahimmanci a cikin masarautun Serer. Suna da nasu sojojin sannan kuma sun jagoranci rundunar sojojin kasar a lokutan yaki. A Yaƙin Fandane-Thiuthioune (18 Yuli 1867) wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙin Somb, Buumi Somb ya umarci sojojin gabashin Sine. A cikin Masarautar Saloum, wacce ke da tsarin siyasa mai kama da Masarautar Sine, Buumis biyu mafi mahimmanci sune. : Buumi Kaymor (Buumi na Kaymor) da Buumi Mandak (Buumi na Mandak). Dukansu sun zauna a Kaymor da Mandak (a cikin Saloum), bi da bi. A cikin Sine, akwai kuma Buumi Nguess (Buumi na Nguess ) da Buumi Ndidor (Buumi na Ndidor). Ko da yake dukkansu manyan mutane ne, bai kamata a ruɗe su da "Buumi" (magajinsu ba).
Manazarta
(in French) Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine- Saloum. Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987. pp 37-39
Potiskum Airstrip
Potiskum Airport filin jirgin sama ne dake a Potiskum a jihar Yobe a Najeriya. Hanya ta biyu, gabas zuwa yamma titin jirgin sama na iya yin aiki a baya.
Gyara tsarin gurɓatar muhalli (PPR)
Gyaran farashin gurɓatawa (PPR) shine tsarin daidaita farashin kasuwa don haɗawa da tasirin muhalli kai tsaye akan ma'auni, misali ƙura da iskar gas daga injunan konewa musamman a cunkoson ababen hawa. Wannan dabarar ta bambanta da tsare-tsaren haraji na muhalli na gabaɗaya, kuma inda ba a samun ma'aunin tasirin akan ɗan gajeren lokaci ko kwatancen zaɓin harajin da ya shafa don saka hannun jari ko aiki.
Wani waje (nau'in gazawar kasuwa) yana wanzuwa inda farashin kasuwa ya keɓe haɓakar gurɓatawa da ƙauna. Duk A irin wannan yanayi, yanke shawara na kudi ko na daidaikun mutane na hankali (na son kai) na iya haifar da cutar da muhalli, da kuma tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da gazawa.
Shirye-shiryen haraji da aka gyara gurɓatawa
Gyaran farashin muhalli zai iya zama faɗin tattalin arziki, ko kuma mai da hankali sosai (misali musamman ga wani yanki (kamar samar da wutar lantarki ko zirga-zirga) ko wani batun muhalli (kamar sauyin yanayi). "Kayan aikin da aka dogara da kasuwa" ko "kayan aikin tattalin arziki don kariyar muhalli" ana iya keɓance su gwargwadon tasirin ƙazanta da za a iya aunawa a matsayin tserewa ga dindindin na sakaci na tasirin yanayi ta hanyar fasahohin gurɓata yanayi. Misalai Kamar sun haɗa da canjin harajin kore (ecotaxation), izinin gurɓatawa mai ciniki, ko ƙirƙirar kasuwanni don fasahar muhalli.
Gabaɗaya akwai nau'ikan zaɓuɓɓuka guda uku da ake da su:
Ciwace Ciwacen daji Surface epithelial-stromal
Surface epithelial-stromal ciwace-ciwacen daji rukuni ne na neoplasms na ovarian wanda zai iya zama mara kyau ko m. Neoplasms a cikin wannan rukuni ana tsammanin an samo su ne daga epithelium na ovarian (gyaran peritoneum ) ko daga ectopic endometrial ko tube na fallopian (tubal). Ciwon daji na irin wannan kuma ana kiransa ovarian adenocarcinoma. Wannan rukuni na ciwace-ciwacen daji yana da kashi 90% zuwa 95% na duk lokuta na ciwon daji na ovarian ; duk da haka ana samun su ne kawai a cikin matan da suka shude amma ban da Amurka inda kashi 7% na al'amuran ke faruwa a mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 40. Serum CA-125 sau da yawa yana haɓaka amma yana da daidai 50% kawai don haka ba alamar ƙwayar cuta ba ce mai amfani don tantance ci gaban jiyya. 75% na mata masu ciwon daji na ovarian suna samuwa a cikin matakan ci gaba; duk da haka ƙananan marasa lafiya suna iya samun kyakkyawan tsinkaye fiye da tsofaffi marasa lafiya.
Rabewa
Epithelial - stromal ciwace -ciwacen daji an rarraba su akan nau'in Siffofin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ƙayyade ko ƙwayar cuta ta epithelial-stromal ba ta da kyau, ƙwayar iyaka, ko m (shaida ta malignancy da stromal mamayewa). Ciwon daji na kan iyaka yana da yuwuwar rashin tabbas.
Wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi serous, mucinous, endometrioid, fili cell, da kuma brenner (transitional cell) ciwace-ciwacen daji, ko da yake akwai 'yan gauraye, undifferentiated da unclassified iri.
Ciwon daji mai tsanani
Abubuwan da zasu iya haɗawa da:
Hasashen
Hasashen ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, kamar yawancin neoplasms, ya dogara da
Adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar na ciwace-ciwacen kan iyaka da muggan ciwace- ciwacen da ke tsare a cikin ovaries sune 100% da 70% bi da bi. Idan peritoneum yana da hannu, waɗannan ƙimar sun zama 90% da 25%.
Yayin da shekarun rayuwa na shekaru 5 na ciwace-ciwacen kan iyaka suna da kyau, bai kamata a ga wannan a matsayin shaida na magani ba, saboda sake dawowa zai iya faruwa shekaru da yawa bayan haka.
Mucinous ciwace-ciwacen daji
Ciwon daji na mucinous :
Pathology
Ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji suna da alaƙa da rufin sel masu tsayi na columnar tare da apical mucin da rashin cilia, kama da bayyanarsa tare da ƙananan mahaifa ko epithelia na hanji. Siffar na iya kama da ciwon daji ko ciwon daji na ovarian, amma yawanci ya samo asali ne daga appendix (duba mucinous adenocarcinoma tare da yanayin asibiti Pseudomyxoma peritonei ). Ana amfani da mamayewar stromal bayyananne don bambance ciwace-ciwacen kan iyaka da ciwace-ciwacen daji.
Hasashen
Yawan rayuwa na shekaru 10 don ciwace-ciwacen kan iyaka da ke ƙunshe a cikin ovary, ƙwayar cuta mara kyau ba tare da mamayewa ba, da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta masu haɗari sun fi 95%, 90%, da 66% bi da bi. Wani yanayin da ba kasafai ba amma abin lura da ke da alaƙa da mucinous ovarian neoplasms shine pseudomyxoma peritonei. Kamar yadda ciwace-ciwacen mucinous na ovarian na farko yawanci ba su da alaƙa (a cikin kwai ɗaya), gabatar da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu yana buƙatar keɓance asalin wanda ba na ovarian ba, yawanci ƙari.
Ciwon daji na endometrioid
Ciwon daji na endometrioid yana da kusan kashi 20% na duk cututtukan daji na ovarian kuma galibi suna da muni (carcinomas endometrioid). An yi su da glandan tubular masu kama da kamanni ko m endometrium. 15-30% na ciwon daji na endometrioid yana faruwa a cikin mutane masu ciwon daji na endometrium, kuma waɗannan marasa lafiya suna da kyakkyawan ganewa. Suna bayyana kama da sauran ciwace-ciwacen daji na epithelial-stromal, tare da wurare masu ƙarfi da cystic. Kashi 40% na waɗannan ciwace-ciwace suna da alaƙa da juna, lokacin da bangarorin biyu, metastases galibi suna nan.
Hasashen
Hasashen sake yana dogara ne akan yaduwar ƙwayar cuta, da kuma yadda bambance-bambancen ciwon ya bayyana. Hasashen gabaɗaya ya ɗan fi muni fiye da ciwace-ciwacen daji ko mucinous, kuma adadin rayuwa na shekaru 5 ga marasa lafiya da ciwace-ciwacen da ke cikin ovary kusan 75%.
Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen daji sun kasance masu tayar da hankali, tsawon shekaru biyar na rayuwa don ciwace-ciwacen da ke cikin ovaries kusan 65%. Idan ciwace-ciwacen ya yadu fiye da ovary a ganewar asali, tsinkayen ba shi da kyau
Brenner ciwon daji
Ciwon daji na Brenner su ne ciwace-ciwacen kwayoyin halitta-epithelial stromal cell ciwace-ciwacen daji wanda kwayar epithelial (wanda ke bayyana wadannan ciwace-ciwacen daji) wani tantanin halitta ne na wucin gadi. Waɗannan suna kama da kamannin epithelia na mafitsara. Ciwon daji na iya zama ƙanana zuwa manya sosai, kuma yana iya zama da ƙarfi ko cystic. A ilimin tarihi, kumburin ya ƙunshi ƙuƙuka na sel na tsaka-tsakin da aka ambata a baya a cikin nama da ke kewaye da su wanda yayi kama da kwai na yau da kullun. Ciwon daji na Brenner na iya zama mara kyau ko mara kyau, dangane da ko ƙwayoyin tumor sun mamaye nama da ke kewaye.
Ƙananan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta
Kananan ciwon daji na kwai (SCCO) gabaɗaya ana rarraba su cikin ciwace-ciwacen epithelial masu alaƙa da keɓantattun siffofi na endocrin.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta amince da SCCO a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in huhu guda biyu: Small Cell Ovarian Cancer of Hypercalcemic Type (SCCOHT) da Small Cell Ovarian Cancer of Pulmonary Type (SCCOPT).
Ƙananan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta ba safai ba ne kuma masu tayar da hankali, suna ba da gudummawa ga kasa da 2% na duk cututtukan gynecologic. Matsakaicin shekarun ganewar asali shine shekaru 24, kuma yawancin marasa lafiya kuma suna da hypercalcemia (62%). Yawanci yana kasancewa tare da babban ƙari ɗaya ɗaya. Yawancin mata suna mutuwa a cikin shekara guda da ganewar asali.
Magani
Don ƙarin bayani na gaba ɗaya, duba ciwon daji na ovarian.
Bincike ya nuna cewa a layin farko na maganin Ciwon daji na Ovarian Ovarian (EOC), Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin tare da Carboplatin wani zaɓi mai gamsarwa ga Paclitaxel tare da Carboplatin. A cikin mutanen da ke da EOC mai saurin dawowa, bincike ya gano cewa Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin tare da Carboplatin shine mafi kyawun magani fiye da Paclitaxel tare da Carboplatin.
Don ci-gaban ciwon daji na wannan tarihin tarihi, Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar hanyar chemotherapy wanda ya haɗu da intravenous gudanarwa (IV) da intraperitoneal (IP). Abubuwan da aka fi so na chemotherapeutic sun haɗa da maganin platinum tare da haraji.
Metastases
Don ciwace-ciwacen daji na epithelial-stromal, wuraren da aka fi sani da metastasis sune kogon pleural (33%), hanta (26%), da huhu (3%).
Tasiri akan haihuwa
Haihuwa bayan jiyya na ciwace-ciwacen daji na epithelial-stromal ya dogara ne akan ilimin tarihi da matakin farko don raba shi zuwa farkon kan iyaka (ko fiye da mara kyau) tare da matakan ci gaba na kan iyaka (ko mafi muni). Gudanar da ra'ayin mazan jiya (ba tare da oophorectomy na biyu ba) na farkon matakan ciwace-ciwacen kan iyaka an kiyasta cewa zai haifar da damar sama da 50% na ciki na kwatsam tare da ƙarancin haɗarin sake dawowar ƙwayar cuta (0.5%). A gefe guda kuma, a lokuta masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji, an kiyasta yawan masu juna biyu da aka yi ba zato ba tsammani ya kai kashi 35 cikin ɗari kuma haɗarin sake dawowa mai mutuwa 2%.
Trondhjem Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota
Garin Trondhjem birni ne, da ke cikin Otter Tail County, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 171 a ƙidayar 2000.
An shirya garin Trondhjem a cikin 1873, kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Trondhjem, a Norway.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 33.9 murabba'in kilomita (87.8 km 2 ), wanda 33.1 murabba'in mil (85.7 2 ) kasa ce kuma 0.8 murabba'in mil (2.2 km 2 ) (2.48%) ruwa ne.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 171, gidaje 62, da iyalai 51 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 5.2 a kowace murabba'in mil (2.0/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 68 a matsakaicin yawa na 2.1/sq mi (0.8/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.83% Fari, 0.58% Asiya, da 0.58% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.58% na yawan jama'a.
Akwai gidaje 62, daga cikinsu kashi 33.9% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 74.2% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 4.8% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 17.7% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 14.5% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma 6.5% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.76 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.04.
A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 28.1% a ƙasa da shekaru 18, 7.0% daga 18 zuwa 24, 25.1% daga 25 zuwa 44, 25.1% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 14.6% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 38. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 119.2. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 105.0.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $26,750, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $28,750. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $22,500 sabanin $12,083 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin ya kasance $18,710. Babu daya daga cikin iyalai da kashi 1.9% na yawan jama'a da ke rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci.
Cekeen Tumuli
Tumuli na Cekeen suna cikin Sashen Diourbel na Yankin Diourbel. Yankin Diourbel da birnin Diourbel sun kasance wani ɓangare na Masarautar Baol da ta riga ta yi wa mulkin mallaka, a yanzu yanki ne na Senegal ta yau.