cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Alamomin Ciwon Daji
Jerin alamomin
Kwayoyin al'ada suna girma kuma suna rarraba, amma suna da iko da yawa akan wannan haɓakar. Suna girma ne kawai lokacin da abubuwan haɓaka suka motsa su. Idan sun lalace, birki na kwayoyin zai hana su rarrabawa har sai an gyara su. Idan ba za a iya gyara su ba, suna yin tsarin mutuwar kwayar halitta (apoptosis). Za su iya raba iyakacin adadin lokuta kawai. Sun kasance ɓangare na tsarin nama, kuma suna zama a inda suke. Suna buƙatar samar da jini don girma.
Wadatar kai a cikin alamun girma
Yawanci, ƙwayoyin jiki suna buƙatar hormones da sauran kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke aiki azaman sigina don girma da rarraba. Kwayoyin ciwon daji, duk da haka, suna da ikon girma ba tare da waɗannan sigina na waje ba. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda kwayoyin cutar kansa zasu iya yin haka: ta hanyar samar da waɗannan sigina da kansu, wanda aka sani da alamar autocrine ; ta hanyar kunna hanyoyin sigina na dindindin waɗanda ke amsa waɗannan sigina; ko ta hanyar lalata 'kashe masu kunnawa' wanda ke hana haɓakar girma daga waɗannan sigina ( ra'ayi mara kyau ). Bugu da kari, rarrabuwar tantanin halitta a al'ada, sel marasa ciwon daji ana sarrafa su sosai. A cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, waɗannan hanyoyin suna raguwa saboda sunadaran da ke sarrafa su suna canzawa, suna haifar da haɓaka girma da rarraba tantanin halitta a cikin ƙwayar cuta.
Rashin hankali ga sigina na hana girma
Don sarrafa rarrabuwar tantanin halitta, sel suna da matakai a cikin su waɗanda ke hana haɓakar tantanin halitta da rarrabawa. Ana tsara waɗannan hanyoyin ta hanyar sunadaran da aka sani da ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙari. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna ɗaukar bayanai daga tantanin halitta don tabbatar da cewa ya shirya don rarraba, kuma za su dakatar da rarraba idan ba haka ba (lokacin da DNA ta lalace, misali). A cikin ciwon daji, waɗannan sunadaran sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta suna canza su don kada su hana rarrabawar kwayar halitta yadda ya kamata, ko da lokacin da tantanin halitta yana da matsala mai tsanani. Wata hanyar da sel ke hana rarrabuwar kawuna ita ce sel na yau da kullun suma za su daina rarrabuwa a lokacin da sel suka cika sararin da suke ciki kuma su taɓa wasu sel; aka sani da hana lamba. Kwayoyin cutar daji ba su da hana lamba, don haka za su ci gaba da girma da rarrabuwa, ba tare da la'akari da kewayen su ba.
Kaucewa shirin mutuwa tantanin halitta
Kwayoyin suna da ikon 'hala kansu'; wani tsari da aka sani da apoptosis. Ana buƙatar wannan don kwayoyin halitta suyi girma da haɓaka yadda ya kamata, don kiyaye kyallen jikin jiki, kuma ana farawa lokacin da tantanin halitta ya lalace ko ya kamu da cutar. Kwayoyin ciwon daji, duk da haka, sun rasa wannan ikon; ko da yake sel na iya zama na rashin al'ada sosai, ba sa shan apoptosis. Kwayoyin ciwon daji na iya yin haka ta hanyar canza hanyoyin da ke gano lalacewa ko rashin daidaituwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa siginar da ta dace ba zata iya faruwa ba, don haka apoptosis ba zai iya kunnawa ba. Hakanan suna iya samun lahani a cikin siginar ƙasa da kanta, ko sunadaran da ke cikin apoptosis, kowannensu kuma zai hana apoptosis mai kyau.
Yiwuwar kwafi mara iyaka
Kwayoyin jiki ba su da ikon rarraba har abada. Suna da iyakataccen adadin rarrabuwa kafin sel su kasa rarraba ( senescence ), ko mutu (rikicin). Dalilin kuma waɗan nan shingen shi ne da farko saboda DNA a ƙarshen chromosomes, wanda aka sani da telomeres. Telomeric DNA yana gajarta tare da kowane rabo na tantanin halitta, har sai ya zama gajere yana kunna jin daɗi, don haka tantanin halitta ya daina rarrabawa. Kwayoyin ciwon daji suna ƙetare wannan shinge ta hanyar sarrafa enzymes (telomerase) don ƙara tsawon telomeres. Don haka, za su iya rarraba har abada, ba tare da fara jin daɗi ba.
Kwayoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da wani shiri na zahiri, iyakar Hayflick, wanda ke iyakance haɓakar su zuwa kusan 60-70 ninki biyu, a wannan lokacin suna isa matakin jin daɗi.
Za'a iya shawo kan wannan iyaka ta hanyar kashe su pRB da p53 sunadaran sunadaran ƙwayar cuta, wanda ya ba su damar ci gaba da ninka har sai sun kai ga wani mataki da ake kira rikici, tare da apoptosis, karyotypic disarray, da kuma lokaci-lokaci (10 -7 ) fitowar tantanin halitta marar mutuwa wanda zai iya. ninki biyu ba tare da iyaka ba. Yawancin ƙwayoyin ciwon daji ba su dawwama.
Na'urar kirgawa ga tantanin halitta ninki biyu shine telomere, wanda ke raguwa a girman (rasa nucleotides a ƙarshen chromosomes) yayin kowace tantanin halitta. Kusan kashi 85 cikin 100 na masu ciwon daji suna daidaita telomerase don tsawaita telomeres kuma sauran 15% suna amfani da hanyar da ake kira Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres.
Ciwon nama da metastasis
Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa shine ikon su na mamaye ƙwayoyin maƙwabta. Shi ne abin da ke nuna ko ƙwayar cuta ba ta da kyau ko mara kyau, kuma ita ce dukiyar da ke ba da damar yada su a jiki. Kwayoyin ciwon daji dole ne su fuskanci sauye-sauye masu yawa domin su sami ikon yin metastasize, a cikin tsari mai yawa wanda ke farawa da mamaye gida na sel cikin kyallen da ke kewaye. Sannan dole ne su mamaye magudanar jini, su tsira a cikin mummunan yanayi na tsarin jini, su fita daga wannan tsarin sannan su fara rarrabuwa cikin sabon nama.
Deregulated metabolism
Yawancin kwayoyin cutar kansa suna amfani da madadin hanyoyin rayuwa don samar da makamashi, gaskiyar da aka yaba tun farkon karni na ashirin tare da ƙaddamar da hasashe na Warburg, amma yanzu kawai samun sabon sha'awar bincike. Kwayoyin ciwon daji da ke nuna tasirin Warburg suna haɓaka glycolysis da fermentation na lactic acid a cikin cytosol kuma suna hana mitochondria kammala numfashi na aerobic na yau da kullun (oxidation na pyruvate, da citric acid sake zagayowar, da sarkar jigilar lantarki ). Maimakon cikakken oxidizing glucose don samar da yawan ATP mai yiwuwa, ƙwayoyin kansa sun gwammace su canza pyruvate zuwa tubalan ginin don ƙarin sel. A gaskiya ma, ƙananan ATP: ADP rabon da wannan tasiri ya haifar yana iya taimakawa wajen kashe mitochondria. Mitochondrial membrane m yana da hyperpolarized don hana ƙarfin lantarki-m permeability canjin pores (PTP) daga jawo apoptosis.
Ana bincikar cin abinci na ketogenic a matsayin maganin adjuvant don wasu cututtuka,  ciki har da glioma,  saboda rashin iyawar ciwon daji a cikin metabolizing jikin ketone.
Kaucewa tsarin rigakafi
Duk da ciwon daji da ke haifar da ƙãra kumburi da angiogenesis, sun kuma bayyana cewa za su iya guje wa hulɗa tare da tsarin garkuwar jiki ta hanyar asarar interleukin-33. (Duba rigakafin cutar kansa )
Halayen Haɓakawa
Takardar da aka sabunta ta kuma gano halaye biyu masu tasowa. Waɗannan ana lakafta su kamar haka tunda samun su yana haifar da haɓakar “alamomi” da aka ɗauka.
Rashin kwanciyar hankali
Kwayoyin ciwon daji gabaɗaya suna da matsanancin rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal wanda ke daɗa muni yayin da cutar ke ci gaba. Kwayoyin HeLa, alal misali, suna da haɓaka sosai kuma suna da tetraploidy 12, trisomy 6, 8, da 17, da lambar chromosome na modal na 82 (maimakon adadin diploid na al'ada na 46). Ƙananan maye gurbi shine mafi kusantar abin da zai fara tumorigenesis, amma da zarar sel sun fara sake zagayowar-fusion-gada (BFB), za su iya canzawa a cikin sauri da sauri. (Dubi rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halitta )
Kumburi
Abubuwan da aka gano na baya-bayan nan sun nuna rawar da kumburin gida ke takawa wajen haifar da nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa. Kumburi yana haifar da angiogenesis da ƙarin amsawar rigakafi. Lalacewar matrix na waje da ake buƙata don samar da sabbin hanyoyin jini yana ƙara rashin daidaituwar metastasis. (Duba kumburi a cikin ciwon daji )
Suka
Wani labarin a cikin Nature Reviews Cancer a shekara ta 2010 ya nuna cewa biyar daga cikin 'alamomin' suma suna da halayyar ciwace-ciwacen daji. Alamar mugunyar cuta ɗaya ce ita ce ikonta na mamayewa da daidaitawa.
Wani labarin a cikin Journal of Biosciences a cikin 2013 ya yi jayayya cewa bayanan asali na yawancin waɗannan alamomin sun rasa. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ciwon daji cuta ce mai matakin nama kuma waɗannan alamomin matakin salon salula suna yaudara.
Danylo Sakhnenko
Sakhnenko Danylo ( dan kasar Ukraine; An haife shi a shekara ta 1875, Ekaterinoslav - ya mutu a shekara ta 1930, a Kharkiv) ma'aikacin gidan sinima ne na Ukraine kuma darektan fim. Ya kwashe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Ekaterinoslav.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ya zauna a Mandrykivka (yankunan Ekaterinoslav). Sinima ta fada hannun kinopnitorner E. Zailer, wanda ya isa birnin tare da salon sinima na Parisa kuma ya kirkiro sinimar «Electrobioscope» a nan. A lokacin ginin «Bioscope» Zailer ya lura da wani wayayyen saurayi; Sakhnenko kuma nan da nan ya umurce shi da ya karkatar salon fim ɗin. Bayan rabin shekara, Sakhnenko ya samu wani aikin, sa'an nan - magabacin aikin.
A shekara ta 1908, a cewar Arnold Cordyum, wakilin sanannen kamfanin Faransa "Brothers Pate and Co" (Pathé), lokacin da ya isa Ekaterinoslav, mutumin ya miƙa Sakhnenko don yin aiki a matsayin wakilin fim din a mujallar "Pate"., cewa ganin komai, san komai! ». Don yin wannan, an ba wa mai ba da rahoto tare da kyamarar fim, akwatunan fim da yawa da kuma ba da umarni.
A wannan shekarar ne Sakhnenko ya yi fim game da barkewar cutar kwalara a cikin birnin. Lokacin da ya dauki fim din a kan Dnipro a cikin 1910 don kamfanin "Hanyar", ya karbi wasiƙar irin wannan abun ciki daga gare ta: "Farashin kayan da aka aika don shekara ta gabata yana rufe farashin cinemaarat, saboda haka, cirewa. na'ura ta tafi mallakin wakilin".
Fagen fim
A 1911 a Ekaterinoslav nasa atelier «Family» da «South-Rasha Cinematographic Joint-Stock Company Sakhnenko, Shtolinin da Ко» suka kafa tarihin fim «Zaporizhzhya Sich» game da feat na Zaporozhian Cossacks da Koshtova Ataman Ivan Sulfurs a yaƙi da Taman Sulfurs. da Turkawa a karni na 17. Wannan shine fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Ukrainian. Hoton da aka yin fim tare da sa hannu na zuriyar The Zaporozhian Cossacks a kauyen Lotsmanska Kamianka (yanzu - wani ɓangare na Dnipro). An yiwa wannan wuri lakabi a matsayin mafi dacewa don yin fim, bincika kogin Dnipro a cikin tazara daga Katerynoslav zuwa Oleksandrivsk.
A lokacin rani na 1911, hotuna da aka nuna a lokacin yawon shakatawa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na M. Sadovskyi a Katerynoslav, yin fim mafi kyau na wasan kwaikwayo na tawagar - "Naimychka" I. Karpenko-Karogo da " Natalka Poltavka " I. Kotliarevskyi wanda Zankovetska ya fito a matsayin jarumin shirin (fim ya kasance a cikin akwatin ofishin har zuwa 1930).
1912 - fim din al'adu "Love of Andrew" ((labarin shirin dangane da "Taras Bulbа" na Mykola Hohol) da sauransu.
1913 - art film "Mazepa" (labarin shirin dangane da wake "Poltava" O. Pushkin).
1914 - fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Mykhailo Starytskyi ya samu karbuwa "Bohdan Khmelnytskyi".
Bayan fama da gazawar kudi, masu hannun jari sun watsar da farfagandar fim na repertoire na gargajiya kuma sun fara cire wasan kwaikwayo na layi na biyu ( "Hrytsko Holopupenko", "Ta yaya na shiga!") da fina-finai tare da farfagandar soja, wanda a lokacin Duniya ta farko. an ware kuɗin kasafin kuɗi, kuma ya amintar da masana'antun daga haɗarin tattalin arziki.
A cikin shekara ta 1920, Sakhnenko ya kasance ma'aikacin fim a matsayin soji na 1 kuma ya zauna a Rostov-on-Don.
A cikin 1925 tare da M. Lider tare da fim din al'adu "The murder of the village correspondent Malynovskyi".
Daga shekara ta 1925 ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci a cikin Central Laboratory of All-Ukrainian Photo Cinema Management ( Kharkiv ).
Wakilan Majalisar Tarayyar Najeriya daga Kwara
Tawagar Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya daga Kwara ta ƙunshi Sanatoci uku masu wakiltar Kwara ta Tsakiya, Kwara ta Kudu, da Kwara ta Arewa, da wakilai shida masu wakiltar Baruten/Kaiama, Ekiti/Isin/Irepodun/Oke-ero, Asa/Ilorin West, Ilorin Gabas/Kudu, Offa. /Oyun/Ifelodun, da Edu/Moro/Patigi.
Danylo Sakhnenko
Abubuwan da ya bari
Daukakin bukukuwan fina-finai na Festival of Screen Arts "Dnipro-Cinema", wanda ake gudanar wa a Dnipro tun shekara ta 2004, daga 2008 aka canza masa suna Danylo Sakhnenko don karramawa. Hakanan ana ba da lambar yabo ta Sakhnenko a bikin.
A cikin shekara ta 2010, kwafin ɗayan fina-finai 23 na D. Sakhnenko, wanda ya tsira gaba ɗaya, ya koma Dnipro. Wasan kwaikwayo ne mai sassa 4 "The poor man died in a military hospital" (1916, a ciki Sakhnenko dauki bangare a matsayin mai aiki). An adana ainihin aikin a cikin tarihin fina-finai da takardun hotuna a Krasnogorsk (yankin Moscow, kasar Russia).
Ibrahim Balarabe-Abdullahi
Ibrahim Balarabe-Abdullahi ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yanzu haka yake rike da mukamin kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Nasarawa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban majalisar dokokin jihar Nasarawa ta 5 a shekarar 2015 kuma baki daya aka sake zabe shi a karo na biyu a matsayin kakakin majalisa ta 6 a 2019. Balarabe-Abdullahi yana wakiltar mazabar Umaisha/Ugya a majalisar dokokin jihar a karkashin jam’iyyar APC. Mohammed Okpoku na jam’iyyar APC (Mazabar Udege/Loko) ne ya tsayar da Balarabe-Abdullahi a matsayin kakakin majalissar ta 6 sannan Aliyu Dogara ya mara masa baya. na APC (Mazabar Wamba).
A watan Janairun 2020 ne shugabannin jam’iyyar Balarabe-Abdullahi na ƙasa suka kaɗa kuri’ar amincewa da shugabancinsa na majalisar dokokin jihar Nasarawa inda suka ce shi ne. wani kadara ga jam'iyyar.
Ƙungiyar kare muhallin Oregon
Ƙungiyar kare muhallin Oregon, kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta siyasa a cikin jihar Oregon ta ƙassr Amurka, wacce ke fafutukar kafa doka dangane da manufofin muhalli kan matakan gida, jihohi da na kasa. Kuma tana da alaƙa da Muhalli Amurka, ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin muhalli a cikin jihohi talatin. An kafa shi a Portland, Oregon, yana da mambobi sama da 35,000 a duk faɗin jihar. Hakanan ana haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Bincike da Manufofin Oregon na Muhalli, ƙungiyar 'yar uwarsa 501(c)(3).
Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri muhallin Oregon a cikin 2007 don gina Ƙungiyar Binciken Sha'awar Jama'a ta Jihar Oregon (OSPIRG, wani yanki na Ƙungiyar Binciken Sha'awar Jama'a) shirye-shiryen muhalli. OSPIRG dalibai ne suka fara shi a Jami'ar Oregon, wanda Ralph Nader ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, wanda ya yi rangadin magana a harabar kwaleji a farkon shekarun 1970.
Yakin neman zabe
Tun daga shekarata 2014, Muhalli Oregon yana aiki akan kamfen don dakatar da siyar da katako ta Bybee a wajen wurin shakatawa na Crater Lake. Muhimman wuraren zama na namun daji da ke kewaye da tafkin Crater yana fuskantar barazana daga masu satar bulldozers, backhoes da chainsaws. wurin shakatawa, kamfanonin katako suna yunƙurin kawar da dubban kadada na gandun daji - ƙasar da ke ba da mafakar ruwa na kogin Rogue da Umpqua, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don kiyaye lafiyar Steelhead, Coho da salmon Chinook. Dangane da waɗannan barazanar, kuma Muhalli Oregon yana kira ga Majalisa don ƙirƙirar sabon yankin jeji mai cikakken tsaro wanda ya kai kadada 500,000 na jeji kuma ya haifar da hanyar namun daji mai nisan mil 75. Bayan tattauna yakin fuska da fuska tare da fiye da 60,000 Oregonians, a cikin shekarata 2013, ƙungiyar ta ba da ra'ayoyin jama'a sama da 10,000 ga Ma'aikatar gandun daji ta Amurka don tallafawa dakatar da siyarwa.
A cikin shekarar 2012, muhallin Oregon ya ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe don ƙarfafa haɓakar rufin hasken rana 250,000 a Oregon nan da shekara 2025. A cikin Yuli shekarata 2012, kungiyar ta fitar da wani sabon rahoto, "Solar Works for Oregon," wanda ya bayyana babbar damar rana don samar da wutar lantarki, kare muhalli, da samar da ayyukan yi ga Oregonians. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa Oregon na iya samar da isassun wutar lantarki daga rufin rufin rana a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa zuwa wutar da gidajen Oregon na yau da kullun 250,000-ko duk gidajen da ke Portland. Har ila yau, Oregon na iya samar da makamashin hasken rana sau 30 kamar yadda yake yi a yau - yana hana ton miliyan 3.8 na gurbataccen iskar carbon dioxide, kwatankwacin daukar motoci 730,000 daga kan hanya.
A cikin shekarata 2007 Muhalli Oregon yayi kamfen don sabunta makamashi da Auna 49, ma'aunin zaɓe game da shirin amfani da ƙasa.
Memba
Muhalli Oregon yana aiki tare da Asusun don Sha'awar Jama'a don gudanar da ayyukan tara kuɗi da ci gaban membobinsu, yana amfani da ɗimbin masu zazzagewa da masu kira waɗanda ke tuntuɓar kofa zuwa kofa na Oregon, a kan tituna da ta waya. Sannan Kuma Da yake fuskantar suka game da daukar ma'aikata da ayyukan yi, a cikin shekarata 2009 asusun ya kasance wanda ake tuhuma a cikin karar da masu fashin baki na yanzu da na baya suka kawo.
Ƴancin siyasa
'Yancin siyasa (wanda kuma aka sani da ikon cin gashin kansa na siyasa ko hukumar siyasa ) muhimmin ra'ayi ne a tarihi da tunanin siyasa kuma daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwa na cikin al'ummomin dimokuradiyya. An bayyana 'yancin siyasa a matsayin 'yanci daga zalunci ko tilastawa, rashin yanayin nakasa ga mutum da kuma cika sharuddan ba da damar, ko rashin yanayin rayuwa na tilastawa, Kamar misali tilascin tattalin arziki, sannan a cikin al'umma. Kodayake 'yancin siyasa ana yawan fassara su da kyau a matsayin' yanci daga haramtattun halaka na waje akan aiki, Hakanan yana iya batun aikin motsa jiki mai kyau, da damar da kuma damar da za su iya aiki da kai. Har ila yau, ra'ayin na iya haɗawa da 'yanci daga ƙuntatawa na ciki kan aikin siyasa ko magana (misali daidaituwar zamantakewa, daidaito, ko kuma halayen da ba su dace ba). Manufar 'yancin siyasa tana da alaƙa da ra'ayoyin 'yancin ɗan adam da 'yancin ɗan adam, waɗanda a cikin al'ummomin dimokuradiyya galibi ana ba da kariya ta doka daga ƙasa.
Babban jami'an kula da muhalli na tarayyar turai
Darakta-Janar na Muhalli (DG ENV) Babban Darakta ne na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, mai alhakin manufofin muhalli na Tarayyar Turai. A cikin shekarar 2010 "ayyukan da suka dace [canjin yanayi] a cikin DG Environment" an koma zuwa sabon DG Climate Action (DG CLIMA). A lokaci guda kuma an kafa DG Energy (ENER). Kwamishinan a shekarata 2022 shine Virginijus Sinkevičius.
Manufar
Babban aikin DG shi ne ƙaddamarwa da ayyana sabbin dokokin muhalli da tabbatar da cewa matakan da aka amince da su, an aiwatar da su a zahiri a cikin ƙasashe membobin Tarayyar Turai. Gabaɗayan sanarwar manufa ta shekarar 2005 ita ce: "Kare, kiyayewa da inganta muhalli don al'ummomin yanzu da na gaba, da haɓaka ci gaba mai dorewa". Bayanin manufa ya kasu kashi-kashi kamar haka:
Tsarin
DG muhalli yana tushen ne a Brussels kuma an tsara shi zuwa Ofishin Babban Darakta, Mataimakin Darakta-Janar da Daraktoci har guda 6:
Tarihi
Manufar muhalli ta EU ta fara ne azaman tarin dokoki da ba su da takamaiman tushen yarjejeniya. Babu wani sashe da aka keɓe don lamuran muhalli a cikin shekaru 15 na farko na kasancewar Hukumar Tarayyar Turai. A cikin shekarar 1973 an ƙirƙiri sashin muhalli a cikin Masana'antar DG kuma a cikin 1981 aka kafa Babban Darakta-Janar Muhalli (DG). Duk da haka, ya kasance DG mai rauni a cikin Kwamishinan shekaru da yawa saboda rashin ƙwarewar cibiyoyi da albarkatun ɗan adam; Jami'ai 5 a cikin shekarata 1973 sun girma zuwa jami'ai 60 a cikin 1980s.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Bayani
An rubuta tsarin ELKI a cikin Java kuma an gina shi a kusa da tsarin gine-gine na zamani. Mafi yawan abubuwan da aka haɗa a halin yanzu suna cikin tari, ganowa da kuma fihirisar bayanai. Kuma Gine -ginen da ya dace da abu yana ba da damar haɗuwa da algorithms na sabani, nau'ikan bayanai, ayyukan nesa, fihirisa, da matakan ƙima. Mai tarawa na lokaci-lokaci Java yana haɓaka duk haɗin kai zuwa irin wannan matsayi, yana mai da sakamako mai ƙima idan sun raba manyan sassan lambar. Lokacin haɓaka sabbin algorithms ko tsarin fihirisa, abubuwan da ke akwai za a iya sake amfani da su cikin sauƙi, sannan kuma nau'in aminci na Java yana gano kurakuran shirye-shirye da yawa a lokacin tattarawa.
Ƴancin siyasa
Ra'ayi
Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban tare da bakan siyasa suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da abin da suka yi imani ya ƙunshi 'yancin yin siyasa.
Babban jami'an kula da muhalli na tarayyar turai
Tarihi
Shirin Ayyukan Muhalli na Biyar wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairu shekarar 1993 ya nuna canji a tsarin DG muhalli na tsara manufofi. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya gabatar da DG da manufofinsa a cikin haske na zamani da ingantaccen haske. Shirin ya nuna cewa ba za a yi dokar a bayan kofofin ba kawai, amma tare da duk abokan hulɗar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.
Ƴancin siyasa
Ra'ayi
Falsafar siyasa ta hagu gabaɗaya tana haɗa ra'ayin 'yanci tare da kyakkyawar 'yanci ko baiwa ƙungiya ko wani mutum damar tantance rayuwarsu ko fahimtar iyawarsu. Kuma A wannan ma'anar, 'yanci na iya haɗawa da 'yanci daga talauci, yunwa, sannan kuma cututtuka da za a iya magance su, da zalunci da kuma 'yanci daga karfi da tilastawa, daga duk wanda za su iya.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Bayani
An yi amfani da ELKI a kimiyyar bayanai misali don tari sperm whale codas, clustering phoneme, don gano ɓarna a cikin ayyukan jirgin sama,  don sake rarraba keke, da hasashen zirga-zirga.
Babban jami'an kula da muhalli na tarayyar turai
Tarihi
A watan Nuwamba na shekarata 2016 EC ta daidaita sunayen duk manyan shugabannin don tabbatar da daidaito tare da cire "da" daga sunan, inda aka canza daga "Directorate-General for Environment" zuwa "Directorate-General for Environment".
Ƴancin siyasa
Ra'ayi
Masu adawa da zaman jama'a suna ganin 'yanci mara kyau da tabbatacce a matsayin abubuwan da suka dace na 'yanci. Kuma Irin wannan ra'ayi game da haƙƙoƙin na iya buƙatar ciniki mai amfani, kamar sadaukar da haƙƙin samfurin aikin mutum ko 'yancin yin tarayya don ƙarancin wariyar launin fata ko ƙarin tallafin gidaje. Masu adawa da zamantakewar al'umma sun bayyana mummunan ra'ayi na 'yanci wanda tsarin jari-hujja ya amince da shi a matsayin "'yancin son kai".
Anarcho-yan jari-hujja suna ganin haƙƙin mara kyau a matsayin tsarin da ya dace. Ayn Rand ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ka'idar ɗabi'a da ke bayyanawa da kuma ba da izini ga 'yancin yin aiki na mutum a cikin yanayin zamantakewa". Sannan Kuma Ga irin wannan sassaucin 'yan sassa,' yanci mai kyau yana da sabani tun lokacin da ake kira 'yancin halayyar wanda ta hanyar ma'anar maƙarƙashiyar wasu la'akari. Duk da wani haƙƙin da ake zargi wanda ke buƙatar sakamako na ƙarshe (misali gidaje, ilimi, sabis na kiwon lafiya da sauransu) waɗanda mutane suka samar a zahiri haƙƙi ne na bautar wasu.
Masanin falsafar siyasa Alasdair MacIntyre ya yi hasashen 'yanci dangane da dogaron mu na zamantakewa da sauran mutane.
Masanin tattalin arziki na tunawa da Nobel Milton Friedman, ya yi jayayya a cikin littafinsa Capitalism and Freedom cewa akwai 'yanci iri biyu, wato 'yancin siyasa da 'yancin tattalin arziki, kuma idan ba tare da 'yancin tattalin arziki ba ba za a iya samun 'yancin siyasa ba.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Makasudai
An samar da aikin jami'a don amfani da shi wajen koyarwa da bincike. An rubuta lambar tushe tare da haɓakawa da sake amfani da ita a zuciya, to amma kuma an inganta ta don aiki. Gwajin gwaji na algorithms ya dogara da yawancin abubuwan muhalli kuma cikakkun bayanan aiwatarwa na iya yin tasiri mai yawa akan lokacin aiki. ELKI yana da niyya don samar da tushen codebase tare da kwatankwacin aiwatar da algorithms da yawa.
Ƴancin siyasa
Ra'ayi
A cikin kasidarsa mai taken "Me yasa Kasuwar ke Sauka Dimokuradiyya", Robin Hahnel ya yi tsokaci game da ra'ayin Friedman na 'yancin tattalin arziki, yana mai cewa za a samu tauye 'yancin wasu a duk lokacin da wani ya yi amfani da 'yancinsa na tattalin arziki. Kuma Ya yi jayayya cewa irin wannan cin zarafi yana haifar da rikice-rikicen da aka warware ta hanyar tsarin haƙƙin mallaka, sabili da haka yana da mahimmanci a yanke shawarar abin da ya fi kyau ko mafi muni tsarin haƙƙin mallaka, sannan kuma duk da haka Friedman kawai yana ɗaukan haƙƙin mallaka na yanzu kuma baya tambayar su.
Babban jami'an kula da muhalli na tarayyar turai
Albarkatu
Babban Darakta na Muhalli yana da ma'aikata kusan 650 ma'aikatan gwamnati.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Makasudai
A matsayin aikin bincike, a halin yanzu baya bayar da haɗin kai tare da aikace-aikacen leken asirin kasuwanci ko haɗin kai zuwa tsarin sarrafa bayanai na gama gari ta hanyar SQL. Lasisin haƙƙin mallaka ( AGPL ) na iya zama cikas ga haɗin kai a cikin samfuran kasuwanci; duk da haka ana iya amfani dashi don kimanta algorithms kafin haɓaka aiwatar da kansa don samfurin kasuwanci. Bugu da ƙari, aikace-aikacen algorithms yana buƙatar ilimi game da amfani da su, sigogi, da nazarin wallafe-wallafen asali. Ga Masu sauraro dalibai ne, masu bincike, masana kimiyyar bayanai, da injiniyoyin software.
Ƴancin siyasa
Ra'ayi
Masanin falsafar siyasa Nikolas Kompridis ya bayyana cewa neman 'yanci a wannan zamani za a iya raba shi gabaɗaya zuwa manufofi guda biyu masu zaburarwa, wato kuma 'yanci a matsayin 'yancin kai ko 'yancin kai da 'yanci a matsayin ikon haɗa kai tare da sabon mafari.
An kuma yi la'akari da 'yancin siyasa a cikin adawa da kuma yanayin dangantakar iko, ko ikon aiki akan ayyuka, ta Michel Foucault. Hakanan an gano shi tare da wasu nau'ikan ayyukan fasaha da al'adu ta Cornelius Castoriadis, Antonio Gramsci, Herbert Marcuse, Jacques Rancière da Theodor Adorno.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Gine-gine
An ƙirƙira ELKI a kusa da tushen tushen bayanai, wanda ke amfani da tsarin bayanan tsaye wanda ke adana bayanai a cikin rukunin ginshiƙai (mai kama da iyalai ginshiƙai a cikin bayanan NoSQL ). Wannan jigon bayanai yana ba da binciken maƙwabci mafi kusa, bincike kewayo/radius, da aikin tambayar nisa tare da haɓakar fihirisa don faɗuwar matakan rashin kamanni. Algorithms dangane da irin waɗannan tambayoyin (misali k-kusa-makwabcin algorithm, na gida outlier factor da DBSCAN ) kuma za a iya aiwatar da su cikin sauƙi da fa'ida daga haɓakar index. Har ila yau, tushen bayanan bayanai yana ba da saurin tattara bayanai masu inganci don tarin abubuwa da tsarin haɗin gwiwa kamar jerin maƙwabta mafi kusa.
Ƴancin siyasa
Ra'ayi
John Dalberg-Acton ya ce: "Mafi tabbatacciyar jarrabawa da muke yanke hukunci kan ko da gaske kasa tana da 'yanci shi ne adadin tsaron da 'yan tsiraru ke samu."
Gerald C. MacCallum Jr. ya yi magana game da sasantawa tsakanin 'yanci mai kyau da mara kyau, kuma yana mai cewa dole ne wakili ya sami cikakken 'yancin kai a kan kansa. Yana da triadic dangane da juna domin kusan abubuwa uku ne, wato wakili, takurawar da suke buƙatar 'yantar da su da kuma manufar da suke fata.
Babban jami'an kula da muhalli na tarayyar turai
Albarkatu
Kwamishinonin da suka gabata:
Akhtem Seitablayev
Akhtem Shevketovich Seitablayev, ( Crimean Tatar , dan kasar Ukraine, Ахтем Шевкетович Сеитаблаев   ; an haife shi 11 Disamba 1972) ɗan wasan Tatar na Crimean ne, marubucin allo kuma darektan fina-finai da ke zaune a Ukraine. Shi ne darektan manyan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da Haytarma a cikin 2013 da Addu'ar Wani a 2017 . Ya bayyana rashin amincewarsa da mamaye yankin Crimea da Tarayyar Rasha ta yi, sannan kuma fina-finansa na kan makomar wasu fitattun 'yan Tatar na Crimea sun sha yabawa a duk cikin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet amma masu ra'ayin kishin Rasha masu tsaurin ra'ayi suna suka.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Gine-gine
ELKI yana yin amfani da mu'amalar Java da yawa, ta yadda za'a iya fadada shi cikin sauƙi a wurare da yawa. Misali, nau'ikan bayanai na al'ada, ayyukan nesa, sifofin fihirisa, algorithms, na'urorin shigar da bayanai, da na'urorin fitarwa za a iya ƙara da haɗa su ba tare da canza lambar da ke akwai ba. Wannan ya haɗa da yuwuwar ayyana aikin nisa na al'ada da amfani da fihirisar data kasance don haɓakawa.
Hausa Literature
Litreture na Hausa duk wani tarin rubuce -rubuce na aiki a cikin yaren Hausa, a yalwace ya haɗa da ƙarin zane -zane kamar Shayari, almara, waƙa, kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin al'adun Hausawa, sauran nau'ikan adabin Hausa sun haɗa da adabin baka wanda yawancinsu sun kasance rubuce. Hanyar adabin Hausa ta ƙunshi hanyar yin rikodi, adanawa, da watsa ilimi da nishaɗi, musamman a cikin rawar zamantakewa, tunani, ruhaniya, ko siyasa.
Akhtem Seitablayev
Kurucya
An haifi Seitablaiev a shekara ta 1972 a Yangiyo'l, sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na Uzbek SSR. A lokacin Stalinism, hukumomin Soviet sun kori iyayensa zuwa Uzbekistan a cikin Sürgün tun lokacin da 'yan Tatar na Crimea na ɗaya daga cikin kabilu da dama da suka fuskanci gudun hijira a duniya a zamanin Stalin. Ya halarci makaranta a Uzbekistan kuma ya kasance a can tare da iyalinsa har sai da suka koma Crimea a lokacin Perestroika a 1989, inda ya fara aikin fim a 1992 bayan ya kammala makarantar Cultural Cultural Enlightenment School.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Gine-gine
ELKI tana amfani da gine-ginen mai ɗaukar sabis don ba da damar haɓaka bugu azaman fayilolin jar daban.
ELKI yana amfani da ingantattun tarin abubuwa don aiki maimakon daidaitaccen API na Java. Ga madaukai misali an rubuta kama da C++ iterators : Ya bambanta da na'urorin Java na yau da kullun (waɗanda za su iya jujjuya abubuwa kawai), Kuma wannan yana adana ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, saboda mai haɓakawa na iya amfani da ƙima na farko don adana bayanai. Rage tarin datti yana inganta lokacin aiki. Ingantattun ɗakunan karatu irin su GNU Trove3, Koloboke, da fastutil suna amfani da irin wannan ingantawa. ELKI ya haɗa da tsarin bayanai kamar tarin abubuwa da tarin abubuwa (don, misali, binciken maƙwabta mafi kusa ) ta amfani da irin wannan ingantawa.
Kallon gani
Tsarin gani yana amfani da SVG don fitowar zane mai ƙima, da Apache Batik don ƙaddamar da ƙirar mai amfani da kuma fitarwa maras nauyi zuwa PostScript da PDF don haɗawa cikin sauƙi a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya a cikin LaTeX. Ana iya gyara fayilolin da aka fitar tare da masu gyara SVG kamar Inkscape. Tunda ana amfani da zanen gadon cascading, Kuma za'a iya sabunta ƙirar zane cikin sauƙi. Abin baƙin ciki shine, Batik yana da saurin jinkiri kuma yana da ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwa, don haka abubuwan gani ba su da ƙima sosai zuwa manyan saitin bayanai (don manyan saitin bayanai, ƙaramin samfurin bayanan ne kawai ake gani ta tsohuwa).
Kyauta
Shafin 0.4, wanda aka gabatar a "Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases" shekarata 2011, wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyi daban-daban don gano sararin samaniya, ya lashe kyautar "mafi kyawun kyautar takarda" na taron.
Hade algorithms
Zaɓi algorithms da aka haɗa:
Tarihin sigar
Shafin 0.1 (Yuli shekarata 2008) ya ƙunshi Algorithms da yawa daga bincike na gungu da gano abubuwan da ba su da kyau, da kuma wasu sifofi kamar R*-itace. Abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kan sakin farko ya kasance kan taru na sararin samaniya da haɗin kai algorithms.
Akhtem Seitablayev
Sana'a
Daga 1992 zuwa 2004 ya yi aiki a Jihar Simferopol Crimean Tatar Theater, inda ya jagoranci wasanni da dama ciki har da ayyukan Alexander Pushkin. A 2005 ya fara aiki a Kyiv Academic Theatre of Drama and Comedy a gefen hagu na Dnieper. A cikin 2009 ya shirya fim ɗinsa na farko, Quartet for Two. A cikin 2013 ya jagoranci fim din Haytarma (Turanci: Komawa) dangane da ainihin rayuwar Amet-khan Sultan, dan Tatar Crimean da ke tashi sama kuma sau biyu Hero na Tarayyar Soviet wanda ya shaida Sürgün amma ya yi nasarar kauce wa kora saboda zuriyar mahaifinsa Lak. da kuma tsoma bakin Timofey Khryukin kwamandan sojojin sama na 8. Jaridar Kyiv Post ta yaba da fim din da cewa "dole ne a gani ga masu sha'awar tarihi" kuma Komsomolskaya Pravda ya soki fim din saboda yadda jami'an NKVD suka yi tashe-tashen hankula yayin da suke nuna mata da yara da aka kora a cikin wani yanayi mai tausayi.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Tarihin sigar
Shafin 0.2 (Yuli shekarata 2009) ya ƙara aiki don nazarin jerin lokaci, musamman ayyukan nesa don jerin lokaci.
Sigar 0.3 (Maris shekarata 2010) ya tsawaita zaɓin algorithms gano anomaly da abubuwan gani.
Akhtem Seitablayev
Sana'a
Jakadan kasar Rasha a Crimea Vladimir Andreev ya ce fim din ya “karkace daga gaskiya”, ya kuma kai hari kan fim din saboda ‘yan Tatar na Crimea ne suka shirya shi, wadanda ya ce sun cancanci a kore shi daga kasar, amma ya yarda cewa a zahiri shi bai kalli fim din ba, kuma ya kafa nasa fim din. ra'ayin cewa fim din ba daidai ba ne kawai saboda Crimean Tatars ne suka yi shi. Sai dai kuma umarnin da Andreev ya bayar na gaya wa ‘yan Rashan da aka gayyata zuwa fim din cewa kada su halarta, ya sa wasu janar-janar na Rasha da dama da aka gayyata a farkon fim din aka soke, ko da yake wasu na ganinsa. Kalaman Andreev sun haifar da kakkausar suka da suka kai ga yin murabus, yayin da Seitablayev cikin raha ya gode wa Andreev da ya ba fim din talla kyauta.
A cikin shekara ta 2015, dangin Seitablayev da fim ɗin an nuna su a cikin wani shirin da ba a ba da rahoto ba game da mamaye yankin Crimea na Rasha.
Janet Penn
Janet Penn 'yar wasan tseren nakasassu ta Amurka ce, ta kware a kan tseren kankara mai tsayi da kuma wasan motsa jiki na Nordic. Ta wakilci Amurka a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1980, wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1984, da na nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1988. Ta lashe lambobin yabo uku a tseren tsalle-tsalle: lambar zinare da tagulla biyu.
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Tarihin sigar
Shafin 0.4 (Satumba shekarata 2011) ya ƙara algorithms don hakar bayanai na geo da goyan bayan bayanai masu alaƙa da yawa da tsarin ƙididdiga.
Janet Penn
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1980, a Geilo, Penn ta lashe tagulla a tseren tsalle-tsalle, tseren 2A mai girma na slalom; Ta sanya ta uku da lokacin 2:46.91, bayan 'yan kasar Canada Lana Spreeman da 2:39.60 da Lorna Manzer a 2:46.88.
Shekaru hudu bayan haka, a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin hunturu na 1980, a Innsbruck, Penn ta dauki lambar zinare a cikin slalom LW4 tare da lokacin 1:30.00, (azurfa don Reinhild Möller a 1: 43.55 da tagulla ga Elisabeth Zerobin a cikin 1: 43.99). Penn ita ce ta uku a tseren giant slalom na LW4, da 1:45.85, bayan Jamus Reinhild Möller da 1:36.24 da Kanada Lana Spreeman da 1:39.18.
Gidan Kayan Tarihi Na Bisa Aberwa
Gidan kayan tarihi na Bisa Aberwa wani gidan kayan gargajiya ne mai zane-zane na itace, yumbu, siminti, zane-zane da hotuna a Nkontompo a cikin Babban birni na Sekondi-Takoradi na Yankin Yamma, a ƙasar Ghana. Gidan tarihin yana da kusan kayan tarihi 2,200 na gwagwarmayar Afirka. Hakanan sassa sassaka da hotuna na ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a da sauran baƙar fata a cikin Faransai, Fotigal da Sifen Caribbean.
Hausa Literature
Ainihin adabin Hausa tushe ne mai tushe a kan waƙoƙi, karin magana ko wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ana rarrabe irin waɗannan ayyukan gwargwadon lokutan tarihi, ko kuma riko da wasu fasalulluka na ado ko salo.
Gidan Kayan Tarihi Na Manhyia Palace
Gidan kayan tarihi na Manhyia Palace gidan kayan gargajiya ne na tarihi da ke Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana kuma yana cikin Fadar Manhyia. Da farko an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1925 a matsayin wurin zama mai zaman kansa na Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh I (wanda ke dawowa daga kusan shekaru talatin na gudun hijira), a halin yanzu gidan kayan tarihi yana ba da haske mai kyau game da al'adun Ashantiland da gadon al'adun Ghana tun kafin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya. Da farko tana yin hidima "don tunawa da ('yan Ashanti) sarakuna, sarauniya da shugabanni da kuma isar da dukiyoyin tarihinsu da al'adunsu ga tsararraki masu zuwa". kuma gabaɗaya yana fasalta gabatarwar bidiyo da mahimman abubuwan tarihi waɗanda suka shafi Ashantiland da zuriyar Ghana. An gyara shi a cikin shekarar 1995 a kusan cedi 12,000 sannan daga baya Otumfuo Opoku Ware II, Sarki na 15 ya sake bude wa jama'a a ranar 12 ga watan Agustan a waccan shekarar a matsayin wani bangare na bikin Jubilee na Azurfa.
Janet Penn
Aiki
Ta kuma yi gasa a gasar tseren motsa jiki ta Nordic na nakasassu a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi na 1988 a Innsbruck, ba tare da ta isa filin wasa ba. Ta kare matsayi na 4 a tseren gajeren zango mai nisan kilomita 5 LW3/4/9 (a bayan Kanada Francine Lemire, Bajamushe Anneliese Tenzler da Monika Waelti ta Swiss), da matsayi na 5 akan nisan kilomita 10 LW3/4/9 (a cikin gabanta Francine Lemire, Anneliese Tenzler, Monika Waelti da Gisela Danzl na Austriya).
Tsarin haɓaka muhalli na KDD
Tarihin sigar
Shafin 0.5 (Afrilu shekarata 2012) yana mai da hankali kan kimanta sakamakon bincike na tari, ƙara sabbin abubuwan gani da wasu sabbin algorithms.
Sigar 0.6 (Yuni shekarata 2013) tana gabatar da sabon daidaitawa na 3D na daidaitawa iri ɗaya don ganin bayanai, baya ga abubuwan da aka saba da su na algorithms da tsarin fihirisa.
Hausa Literature
Tarihin asali
jihad of Shehu Usman dan Fodio, were Hausa royalist and Emires engaged themselves more in literature, it was in this period time that Hausa people know much about Islamic literature and Arabic literature, royalist like Usman dan Fodio, Muhammed Bello.
Adabin farko
An samo asalin adabin Hausa tun daga ƙarni na 14 zuwa ƙarni 15, da Hausawa suka rubuta mafi yawan rubuce -rubucen su a cikin nassosi, a wannan lokacin Hausawa na yin rubutun Larabci da ake kira " Ajami" ta ɗan asalin Hausa, amma a lokacin Hausawa ba su yin suna da wata hanya ta adana rubuce-rubucensu na tarihi a cikin rumbun adana bayanai, daya daga cikin mawakan farko ya hada da Ibn Al-Sabbagah da Muhammad Al-Barnawi. Sauran marubutan farko sun haɗa da Abdullahi Sikka da Sheikh Jibril Ibn Umar, waɗanda ayyukansu ba za a iya samun su a cikin waɗannan shekarun ba zuwa tarihi a cikin adabin Hausa, sai dai a ji su a cikin tarihi.
Adabin karni na 19
Akwai rubuce-rubucen addini da yawa da Usman dan Fodio, da kanensa Abdullahi dan Fodio, shima daya daga cikin 'yarsa Nana Asmaʼu ya rubuta wakokin addini da yawa, a cikin Larabci, Hausa, da Fula amma a rubutun Larabci da ake kira rubutun ajami, ana daukar Nana Asma'u. daya daga cikin fitattun mata marubuta a Arewacin Najeriya.
Akhtem Seitablayev
Sana'a
Daga 2016 zuwa 2017 ya jagoranci shirin Another's Prayer, bisa ga ainihin rayuwar Saide Arifova, darektan kindergarten wanda ya ceci yara Yahudawa fiye da 80 a lokacin Holocaust ta hanyar sauya jerin sunayen kabilanci da koya musu su yi koyi da al'adun Tatar na Crimean da harshe don ɓoye su daga Gestapo. Daga karshe ‘yan Nazi sun yi zargin cewa tana da hannu wajen boye yaran Yahudawa tare da azabtar da ita, amma ta ki cin amana ko wane suna. Bayan da sojojin Red Army suka sake karbe ikon Crimea ta sake kubutar da su ta hanyar bayyana wa NKVD cewa yaran Yahudawa ne, ba Tatar na Crimea ba, don haka an bar su su zauna a Crimea maimakon a kai su jeji. Fim ɗin ya fara halarta a ranar 18 ga Mayu 2017, ranar tunawa da Sürgün. Tun da farko ya kamata a dauki fim din a Crimea, amma bayan mamaye Crimea da Tarayyar Rasha ta yi a shekara ta 2014 an yanke shawarar cewa za a yi fim din a yankin Ukraine da Georgia.
Hausa Literature
Adabin karni na 20
A lokacin samun 'yancin kai, litattafan farko da aka rubuta cikin harshen Hausa a farkon karni na 20 sakamakon gasar da Rupert East ya kafa a karshen shekara ta 1933 a karkashin Ofishin Fassara na arewacin Najeriya da yawa malamai, marubuta da masana suka tsunduma kansu cikin gasa, Abubakar Imam ne ya lashe gasar tare da wani sabon labari mai suna Ruwan Bagaja ma'ana Ruwan Magani, daga baya a waccan shekarar Ofishin Fassara ya sake buga wani littafi da Muhammadu Bello Kagara mai taken " Ganɗoki ", waɗannan littattafan suna ƙarfafa marubuta da masu karatu a duk Arewacin Najeriya., tare da littattafai masu yawa da za su zo.
Ƴancin siyasa
Tarihi
Hannah Arendt ta bibiyi tushen ra'ayi na 'yanci zuwa tsohuwar siyasar Girka. A cewar bincikenta, manufar 'yanci a tarihi ba ta rabu da ayyukan siyasa. Siyasa ba sai wanda ya ‘yantar da kansa daga bukatu na rayuwa domin su shiga cikin harkokin siyasa. SannanA cewar Arendt, ra'ayin 'yanci ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ra'ayin Kirista na 'yancin son rai, ko 'yanci na ciki, a kusan karni na 5 AZ kuma tun daga lokacin an yi watsi da 'yanci a matsayin wani nau'i na aikin siyasa ko da yake, kamar yadda ta ce, 'yanci. shi ne "rayon d'être na siyasa".
Sauya gurbatacciyar iskar gas
Gasification wani tsari ne wanda ke canza biomass - ko burbushin man fetur na tushen carbonaceous abubuwa zuwa gases, ciki har da mafi girma juzu'i: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), da carbon dioxide ( CO ). Ana samun wannan ta hanyar mayar da martani ga kayan abinci a yanayin zafi mai yawa (yawanci> 700 °C), ba tare da konewa ba, ta hanyar sarrafa adadin iskar oxygen da/ko tururi da ke cikin halayen. Gas ɗin da aka samu ana kiransa syngas (daga haɗakar gas) ko iskar mai samarwa kuma ita kanta man fetur ne saboda ƙonewar H 2 da CO wanda iskar gas ɗin ya ƙunshi. Ana iya samun wutar lantarki daga konewar iskar gas da ke biyo baya, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin tushen makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa idan an sami mahaɗan gas ɗin daga kayan abinci na biomass.
Hausa Literature
Marubutan Hausa
An kasafta marubutan Musulunci gwargwadon shekarar da suka rayu.
Akhtem Seitablayev
Rayuwa ta sirri
A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2018, ya fitar da wata sanarwa don nuna goyon baya ga Oleg Sentsov, wani darektan fina-finai da aka kama a Crimea karkashin Rasha. Ya auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Ivanna Diadiura, kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku. Babban 'yarsa Nazly 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce, mai rawa, kuma abin koyi wanda kuma ta taka rawa a cikin shirin Haytarma.
Ƴancin siyasa
Tarihi
Arendt ya ce 'yancin siyasa a tarihi yana adawa da ikon mallaka ko ikon son rai tun a zamanin d Girka da Roma ra'ayin 'yanci ba ya rabuwa da aiki kuma bai taso ba a matsayin rikici tsakanin so da kai. Hakazalika, ra'ayin 'yanci a matsayin 'yanci daga siyasa ra'ayi ne da ya samo asali a zamanin yau. Wannan ya saba wa ra'ayin 'yanci a matsayin ikon "fara sabon abu", wanda Arendt yana gani a matsayin mai daidaitawa ga yanayin ɗan adam na halitta, ko kuma yanayin mu a matsayin "sabon farko kuma saboda haka mafari".
A ra'ayin Arendt, aikin siyasa shine katsewar tsari na atomatik, na halitta ko na tarihi. 'Yancin da za a fara sabon abu, don haka fadada ne na "'yancin kiran wani abu a cikin halitta wanda ba a da, sannan wanda ba a ba da shi ba, ba ma a matsayin wani abu na fahimta ko tunani ba, wanda saboda haka, a zahiri, ba za a iya saninsa ba. ".
Makarantar Lagos City Polytechnic
Makarantar Lagos City Polytechnic Polytechnic politaknik ce mai zaman kanta a Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Makarantar na koyar da kwasa-kwasan Diploma na ƙasa a fannin Accountancy, Ilimin Banki & Kudade da Nazarin Kasuwanci. Kwalejin Kwamfuta ta birnin Legas (Lagos City Computer College) tana da alaƙa da ita politakanik din. Hukumar kula da ilimin fasaha ta kasa ta amince da makarantar.
Gidan Kayan Tarihi Na Bisa Aberwa
Tarihi
Kwaw Ansah, wani mai shirya fina-finai da ya samu lambar yabo, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na farko na TV Africa ne ya kula da gidan tarihin. Tarin kayan tarihi ya fara a shekaru 40 da suka gabata.
Hausa Literature
Labari
An fara gabatar da litattafan Hausa ga Hausawa a lokacin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya, lokacin da aka hada kan yankin Arewa da Kudancin Najeriya, kusan 1800 zuwa 1930 duk Littattafan Hausa da rubuce -rubucen suna cikin rubutun Larabci "Ajami" saboda rikice -rikicen Islama, har zuwa zuwan Turawan Burtaniya. Turawan mulkin mallaka a shekara ta 1904, lokacin da turawan mulkin mallaka suka tilastawa Hausawa samun ilimin Yammacin Turai, kusan a shekara ta 1930 yawancin Hausawa sun saba da karatu da rubutu ta amfani da rubutun Latin, a cikin shekara ta 1933 Fassarar Ofishin Arewacin Najeriya ta shirya gasar rubutu a ƙarƙashin mulkin Rupert East, da yawa marubutan Hausa da malamai sun halarci, gasar da ta fito da buga littafin Hausa na Arewacin Najeriya na farko da aka sani da Ruwan Bagaja ta Abubakar Imam, shekaru bayan haka Ofishin Fassara ya buga wani littafin Hausa na Muhammadu Bello Kagara mai suna " Ganɗoki ", shekaru bayan haka wani Littafin Magana Jari Ce na Abubakar Imam, tare da ƙarin littattafan Hausa da za a buga gaba.
Wasan kwaikwayo na al'adu
Wannan nau'in adabin Hausa da aka yi niyyar nuna wasan kwaikwayo yayin wani taro, an haɗa tsari a cikin adabin al'adun Hausa tare da kida da rawa a cikin " Dandali " da aka sani da opera, sabanin wasan opera na Ingilishi da Girkanci kamar kamannin gini, Dandali wuri ne kawai na buɗe kowa zai sami wurin da ya dace da kansa, Ana yin wasa da baki ta hanyar marubucin wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka yi niyyar aiwatarwa, ya ƙunshi babban tattaunawa tsakanin haruffa da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo.
Wasan kwaikwayo na zamani
Wasan kwaikwayo na zamani a cikin adabin Hausa an kafa shi ne a shekara ta 1999 ta gidan sinima na harshen Hausa, tun daga wannan lokacin yawancin Hausawa mazauna ƙauyuka da garuruwa sun watsar da wasan kwaikwayo na al'adu saboda fasahar ƙwarewa a wasan kwaikwayo
Sauya gurbatacciyar iskar gas
Amfanin gasification shi ne cewa syngas na iya zama mafi inganci fiye da konewa kai tsaye na kayan abinci na asali saboda ana iya ƙone shi a yanayin zafi mai girma ta yadda madaidaicin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio zuwa ingantaccen ingantaccen tsarin Carnot ya bayyana. Sanna Kuma Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Syngas azaman tushen hydrogen a cikin ƙwayoyin mai, duk da haka syngas ɗin da yawancin tsarin gas ɗin ke samarwa yana buƙatar ƙarin aiki da gyarawa don cire gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska da sauran iskar gas kamar CO da CO don dacewa da ƙarancin zafin jiki mai amfani. amma high-zazzabi m oxide man fetur Kwayoyin suna iya kai tsaye yarda gauraye H2, CO, CO, tururi, da methane.
Makarantar Lagos City Polytechnic
Injiniya Babatunde Odufuwa ne ya kafa makarantar a shekarar 1990 a matsayin makarantan gaba da sakandare mai zaman kanta ta farko a Najeriya. Makarantar ta samu karbuwa a hukumance a shekarar 1995. A watan Disamba 2002 makarantar ta gudanar da taron yaye dalibanta na biyu, inda dalibai kusan 300 suka sami Difloma da kuma Difloma ta kasa. Wani mai ba da rahoto na Sunday Sun ya soki makarantar a cikin shekara ta 2006 wanda ya gano matsaloli a wajen daukan dalibai da kuma rashin isassun ma'aikata.
Sauya gurbatacciyar iskar gas
An fi kona Syngas kai tsaye a cikin injunan gas, to ana amfani da su don samar da methanol da hydrogen, ko kuma an canza su ta hanyar Fischer-Tropsch zuwa man fetur na roba. Ga wasu kayan iskar gas na iya zama madadin zubar da ƙasa da ƙonewa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar fitar da gurɓataccen yanayi kamar methane da barbashi. Kuma Wasu matakai na iskar gas suna da niyya don tace abubuwan toka masu lalata kamar su chloride da potassium, ba da damar samar da iskar gas mai tsabta daga kayan abinci mai matsala. A halin yanzu ana amfani da iskar iskar gas a ma'aunin masana'antu don samar da wutar lantarki. Gasification na iya haifar da ƙananan adadin wasu gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar SO x da fiye da konewa.
Tarihi
An samar da makamashi a sikelin masana'antu ta hanyar iskar gas tun farkon karni na 19. Tun Da farko an sanya gawayi da peat gas don samar da iskar gas na gari don haskakawa da dafa abinci, tare da sanya hasken titi na farko na jama'a a Pall Mall, London a ranar 28 ga Janairu, shekarata 1807, ba da daɗewa ba don samar da hasken iskar gas na kasuwanci ga mafi yawan biranen masana'antu har zuwa ƙarshen 19th. karni lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa da hasken lantarki. An ci gaba da amfani da iskar gas da syngas a cikin tanderun fashewa kuma mafi mahimmanci wajen samar da sinadarai na roba inda ake amfani da shi tun daga shekarun 1920. Dubban shafuka sun bar ragowar masu guba. An gyara wasu shafuka, yayin da wasu kuma har yanzu gurɓatacce ne.