cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Sao Tome and Principe
Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka kan Ayyukan Ɗancin Dan Adam na São Tomé da Príncipe ya bayyana cewa gwamnati gabaɗaya tana girmama haƙƙin ɗan ƴa na' yan ƙasa, duk da matsaloli a wasu yankuna.
São Tomé da Príncipe na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 11 na Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara da aka kiyasta "yanci" a cikin binciken Freedom in the World na 2006 wanda Freedom House ta buga a kowace shekara, ƙungiyar da ke goyon bayan dimokuradiyya wacce ke sa ido kan haƙƙin siyasa, 'yancin farar hula, da' yancin yada labarai a duniya. A kan sikelin daga 1 (mafi yawan kyauta) zuwa 7 (mafi ƙarancin kyauta), São Tomé ya sami 2 don haƙƙin siyasa da 'yancin jama'a.
'Yancin siyasa
Daga samun 'yancin kai a 1975 har zuwa 1990, kasar ta kasance jam'iyya daya da ke da ƙuntataccen haƙƙin siyasa. A cikin 1990, 'yan ƙasa sun amince da kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya kafa dimokuradiyya ta jam'iyyun da yawa.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gudanar da zabuka tara na kasa a São Tomé da Príncipe: zabuka hudu na shugaban kasa (a 1991, 1996, 2001, da 2006) da biyar na Majalisar Dokoki (1991, 1994, 1998, 2002, da 2006). Dukkanin wadannan zabuka an gudanar da su ne gabaɗaya kyauta, adalci, da kuma bayyane ta masu sa ido na cikin gida da na duniya.￼
Ƴancin jama'a
Ƴancin taro, ƙungiya, motsi, da addini an tabbatar da su ta hanyar kundin tsarin mulki kuma gwamnati tana girmama su gabaɗaya. Ana girmama 'yancin ilimi.
Ƴanci na ƴan jarida
A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, "Dokar ta ba da ƴancin magana da na ƴan jarida, kuma gwamnati gabaɗaya tana girmama waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Har ila yau, ya lura cewa wasu 'yan jarida suna yin tantance kansu. "
Talabijin da rediyo suna aiki da jihar kuma babu tashoshin masu zaman kansu, saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki da kasuwa. Babu wata doka da ta hana kafa irin waɗannan tashoshin kuma duk jam'iyyun adawa suna da damar yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na gwamnati, gami da akalla minti uku a kowane wata a talabijin. Jaridu da takardun adawa da ke sukar gwamnati suna yawo kyauta.￼
Sauran shahararrun kungiyoyin 'yancin' yan jarida kamar su Reporters Without Borders (RSF), Cibiyar Harkokin Labarai ta Duniya (IPI), da Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida (CPJ) ba su haɗa da São Tomé a cikin rahotannin shekara-shekara ba.
Tsarin shari'a da shari'a
Wani bangare na shari'a mai zaman kansa, gami da Kotun Koli tare da mambobin da aka zaba, kuma suna da alhakin, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, an kafa ta hanyar raba gardama ta 1990 kan mulkin jam'iyyun da yawa. Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a kan gwamnati da shugaban kasa, amma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da ita. Tsarin kotun yana da yawa, ba shi da ma'aikata, ba shi na isasshen kuɗi, kuma yana fama da jinkiri mai tsawo a cikin shari'o'in sauraro.
Dokar ta ba da haƙƙin shari'ar jama'a mai kyau, haƙƙin daukaka kara, haƙƙin wakilcin shari'a, kuma, idan matalauta, haƙƙin lauyan da jihar ta nada. Ana zaton wadanda ake tuhuma ba su da laifi, suna da 'yancin fuskantar shaidu, da kuma gabatar da shaidu a madadin kansu. Koyaya, rashin isasshen albarkatun ya haifar da tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci kafin shari'a kuma ya hana bincike sosai a cikin shari'o'in aikata laifuka.
Halin jami'an tsaro
Babu rahotanni cewa gwamnati ko jami'anta sun aikata kisan kai ko kisan kai ba bisa ka'ida ba, azabtarwa, ko ɓacewar siyasa.
Yanayin kurkuku
An bayyana yanayin kurkuku a kasar a matsayin "mai tsanani, amma ba barazana ga rayuwa ba" a cikin rahoton ma'aikatar jihar. An bayar da rahoton cewa wuraren sun cika, kuma abinci bai isa ba. An tsare wasu fursunoni kafin a yi musu shari'a tare da fursunoni da aka yanke musu hukunci.
Gwamnati ta ba da izinin masu sa ido kan haƙƙin ɗan adam su ziyarci kurkuku.
Hukuncin kisa
An soke hukuncin kisa a São Tomé da Príncipe a shekarar 1990. São Tomé da Príncipe sun tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Biyu ga Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2017.
Nuna bambanci a cikin al'umma
Dokar ta samar da daidaito ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa ba tare da la'akari da jima'i ba, kabilanci, asalin launin fata, halin siyasa, imani, ko tabbacin falsafa, kuma yayin da gwamnati ke aiwatar da waɗannan tanadi, mata sun fuskanci nuna bambanci. Rikicin cikin gida akan mata ya faru, gami da fyade, amma ba a san girman matsalar ba. Kodayake mata suna da 'yancin yin amfani da shari'a - ciki har da ma'aurata da yawa sun ƙi kawo matakin shari'a ko kuma ba su san hakkinsu ba a karkashin doka. Hadisi ya hana mata yin rikice-rikice na cikin gida a waje da iyali.
Dokar ta tanadi cewa mata da maza suna da daidaitattun 'yancin siyasa, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa. Duk da yake mata da yawa suna da damar samun dama a ilimi, kasuwanci, da gwamnati, a aikace mata har yanzu suna fuskantar nuna bambanci na al'umma.
Rashin kula da yara bai yadu ba; duk da haka, akwai karancin kariya ga marayu da yara da aka watsar. Aikin yara matsala ce.
Babu rahotanni cewa an fataucin mutane zuwa, daga, ko a cikin kasar.
Hakkin ma'aikaci
Hakkin shirya, yajin aiki, da ciniki gaba ɗaya an tabbatar da su kuma ana girmama su. Ƙungiyoyin kwadago kalilan ne, amma ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun yi amfani da shirin rarraba ƙasa na gwamnati don jawo hankalin ma'aikata. Saboda rawar da take takawa a matsayin babban ma'aikaci a bangaren albashi, gwamnati ta kasance babban mai magana da ma'aikata a kan dukkan batutuwa, gami da albashi. Yanayin aiki a yawancin gonakin koko na jihar suna da tsanani.
Yanayin tarihi
Shafin da ke biyowa yana nuna ƙididdigar São Tomé da Príncipe tun 1975 a cikin rahotanni na Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke buga kowace shekara. Matsayi na 1 shine "kyauta"; 7, "ba kyauta ba".
Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya
Matsayin São Tomé da Príncipe game da yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya kamar haka:
Golden Dzyga
The "Golden Dzyga" ( yaren Ukrain  ) ya kasance wani muhimmi lambar yabo da ake badawa don nasarori da ci gaban sinima na ƙasar Ukrain. An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta 2017 ta Ukrainian Film Academy, bikin yabo na farko ya faru a Afrilu 20, 2017 a "Fairmont Grand Hotel Kyiv."
Zaɓin fina-finai da ƙaddarar masu nasara
An fara gabatar da fina-finan don ba da lambar yabo ta kasa na farko daga ranar 20 ga Fabrairu zuwa 20 ga Maris, 2017. Fina-finan da aka fara a lokacin 2016 - daga Janairu 1 zuwa Disamba 31 - an karɓi su don shiga cikin tsarin zaɓin. Cikakken jerin fina-finan da suka fafata a gasar cin lambar yabo ta Fina-Finai ta Farko sun ƙunshi fina-finai 54: 12 daga cikinsu - fina-finai masu cikakken tsayi, 15 - gajerun fina-finai, 19 - Documentaries, 8-animated. An ƙaddamar da jimlar fina-finai 76, An ƙaddamar da masu fafutuka ta hanyar rufe kallon da ba na kasuwanci ba na kwafin fina-finai na kan layi.
A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2017, Hukumar Kula da Fina-Finai ta fitar da taƙaitaccen jerin sunayen mutane 17 da aka zaɓe don Kyautar Fina-Fina ta Ƙasa na Farko.
Kyauta
An bayar da kyautar ta Golden Dzyga a nau'ikan 22 masu zuwa (2020):
Alama
Babban alamar lambar yabo ta National Film Award ita ce mutum-mutumi na "Golden Dzyga", wanda ke nuna saurin cigaban cinema na Ukrainian ( ukr. дзиґа - eng. top (abin wasa) ). Bugu da ƙari, taken yana tunawa da girmamawa ga abubuwan kirkire-kirkire na fitaccen mai daukar hoto Dziga Vertov. Dziga Vertov sunan fasaha ne na David Abelovich Kaufman. DA Kaufman, an haife shi a Białystok a 1896, ya mutu a Moscow a 1954. Ya zama majagaba kuma sanannen marubucin fina-finai, wanda 1929 wanda ya yi Mutum mai Kyamarar Fim ya sami karbuwa - ta mujallar Burtaniya " Sight &amp; Sound " a matsayin mafi kyawun fim na kowane lokaci.
Wani dan kasar Ukrainian mawaƙi Nazar Bilyk ne ya waƙe kyautar "Golden Dzyga" kamar haka: "Babban abin da ke cikin abun da ke ciki shi ne firam ɗin da aka yi da fim, ma'auni na zinariya wanda ke jujjuyawa a hankali, yana wakiltar cinematography. A cikin siffa, mutum-mutumin ya yi kama da guguwa, wuta, sion, wanda dukkansu ke nuni da ci gaba da sabunta fina-finan kasa."
Cibiyar Fina-Finai na Oleksandr Dovzhenko (Ukraine)
Cibiyar Fina-finai ta Kasar Ukraine na Oleksandr Dovzhenko (kuma Cibiyar Dovzhenko ) ita ce tarihin fina-finai na jihar da kuma tarin al'adu a Kyiv, Ukraine.
Tarihi
An kafa ta ne a cikin shekara ta 1994 wanda shugaban kasar Ukraine ya bada umurnin kafa ta. A shekara ta 2000, Cibiyar Dovzhenko ta haɗu da tsohuwar Kamfanin Buga Fina-Finai na Kyiv (wanda aka kafa a 1948), wanda shine kadai kuma mafi girma a cikin Ukraine, kuma ya karbi dukiyarsa, kayan aiki, da tarin fina-finai. Tun 2006 Cibiyar ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Duniya. Studio na Fim ɗin Animation na Ukrainian (aka Ukranimafim, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1990) an haɗa shi zuwa Cibiyar a cikin 2019.
Daga 2016 zuwa 2019 tsoffin wuraren masana'antu na Cibiyar sun sami cikakken gyare-gyare, kuma an canza su zuwa rukunin al'adu masu yawa. A cikin Satumba 2019 Cibiyar ta buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Fim na farko a Ukraine.
Tsarin
Cibiyar Dovzhenko tana gudanar da ajiyar fina-finai, sinadarai da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na fina-finai na dijital, Gidan Tarihi na Fina-Finai, tarihin fina-finai da kuma gidan rediyo. Cibiyar tana cikin wani bene mai hawa takwas a gundumar Holosiiv ta Kyiv. Har ila yau, cibiyar na aiki da wurin yin zane-zane na kujeru 300 Scene 6, wanda ke kan bene na shida tare da kiɗan wasan kwaikwayo masu zaman kansu da yawa da kamfanonin fasaha da ƙungiyoyi.
Tarin
Tarin fina-finai na Cibiyar Dovzhenko ya ƙunshi fiye da Fina-finai 7,000 na Ukrainian, Rashanci, Amurka da kuma fasalin Turai, shirye-shirye da fina-finai masu rai; dubban takardun ajiya, hotuna, fastoci da sauran kayan tarihi waɗanda ke wakiltar tarihin cinema na Ukrainian daga farkon karni na ХХ har zuwa yau. Fim ɗin fim mafi dadewa da Cibiyar ta adana ya kasance tun 1910, kuma an shirya fim ɗin fasalin mafi tsufa na Ukrainian a cikin tarin Cibiyar a cikin 1922.
Shege
Mara uba ko mara Asali
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
A Jami'an (SSS), A matsayin Department of State Services (Dss), ne hukumomin tsaro na Najeriya da kuma daya daga uku gaje kungiyoyi da National Security Organization (NSO). Hukumar tana karkashin fadar shugaban kasa ta Tarayyar Najeriya, kuma tana kai rahoton ayyukanta ga ofishin hukumar NSA. Babban nauyin da ya rataya a wuyanta shi ne a cikin kasar kuma ya hada da yaki da leken asiri, tsaro na cikin gida, yaki da ta'addanci, da sa ido da kuma binciken wasu nau'ikan manyan laifuka da ake yiwa jihar. Ana kuma dorawa alhakin kare manyan jami’an gwamnati, musamman shugaban kasa, mataimakin shugaban kasa, gwamnonin jahohi da shugabannin jihohi da gwamnatocin da suka kai ziyara tare da iyalansu.
Eva Lemezova
Eva Lemezova 'yar Czechoslovakia ce mai tseren tseren nakasassu. Ta yi gasa a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1976 da wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1980. Ta lashe lambobin yabo hudu, zinare uku, da azurfa daya.
Roscoe Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota
A babban matsayi, garin yana da kantin sayar da kaya, makaranta da sauransu. Yau - kadan ya rage don gano shi ban da rukunin gidaje a kusurwar Cty 27 blvd. da Cty 11 blvd.
Eva Lemezova
Aiki
A gasar wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi na 1976 a Örnsköldsvik, ta lashe lambobin zinare uku: a cikin slalom III (lokaci 2: 03.74), giant slalom III (lokaci 2: 25.49), da kuma Super hade III, gaban dan wasan Jamus ta Yamma, Traudl Weber.
Roscoe Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota
Tarihi
An shirya Garin Roscoe a cikin 1858, kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Roscoe, Illinois, garin mahaifar wani farkon mazaunin.
Eva Lemezova
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1980 a Geilo, ta gama na biyu a cikin 3A slalom, tare da lokacin 1:39.93, bayan Cindy Castellano na Amurka a 1:25.84. Ta kasance ta hudu a cikin giant slalom, tare da lokaci na 3: 07.95 (bayan Cindy Castellano a 2: 39.58, Kathy Poohachof a 2: 42.58 da Franciane Fischer tare da 2: 52.27).
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
hedikwatar ta a Abuja. Kamar yadda shelar shugaban kasa ta 1999 ta nuna, hukumar SSS tana aiki ne a matsayin sashe a cikin ma’aikatar tsaro da kuma karkashinta mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro.
Roscoe Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota
Taswira
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 35.8 murabba'in mil (92.6 km 2 ), wanda 35.8 murabba'i mil (92.6 km 2 ) kasa ce kuma 0.03% ruwa ne.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Asalin
Cika daya daga cikin alkawuran da ya yi a jawabinsa na farko na kasa a matsayinsa na shugaban kasa, Ibrahim Babangida a watan Yunin 1986 ya bayar da doka mai lamba 19, ta rusa hukumar tsaro ta kasa (NSO) tare da sake fasalin jami'an tsaron Najeriya zuwa hukumomi uku daban-daban a karkashin ofishin kungiyar. kodinetan tsaron kasa. Hukumar tsaron farin kaya (SSS) ta dora alhakin leken asirin cikin gida, tare da Darakta Janar Ismaila Gwarzo da Mataimakin Darakta Laftanar Col. AK Togun. Hukumar leken asiri ta kasa (NIA) ta kula da bayanan sirri na waje da kuma hana leken asiri. Hukumar leken asiri ta tsaro (DIA) ce ke da alhakin gudanar da bayanan sirri da suka shafi sojoji a waje da cikin Najeriya. Hedikwatar hukumar ta farko tana lamba 15, Awolowo road, Ikoyi a Legas ; A halin yanzu dai wannan rukunin yana dauke da hukumar yaki da masu yi wa tattalin arzikin kasa zagon kasa ta EFCC. Daga karshe dai an mayar da hedikwatar ta SSS zuwa Abuja a lokacin mulkin Janar Sani Abacha, hedkwatar da aka fi sani da "Yellow House", tana gefen arewa na shiyyar makamai uku a kan titin Aso a Maitama, Abuja.
Roscoe Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 784, gidaje 258, da iyalai 222 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 21.9 a kowace murabba'in mil (8.5/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 265 a matsakaicin yawa na 7.4/sq mi (2.9/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 99.36% Fari, 0.26% Ba'amurke, 0.13% Ba'amurke da 0.26% Asiya.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Umarni
Manufar hukumar SSS ita ce ta kare tare da kare Tarayyar Najeriya daga barazanar cikin gida, tabbatar da tabbatar da aiwatar da dokokin aikata laifuka a Najeriya, da samar da shugabanci da ayyukan shari'a ga hukumomin tarayya da na jihohi. Ana kuma tuhumar SSS da kare Shugaban kasa, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa, Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai, Gwamnonin Jihohi, danginsu, sauran manyan jami’an gwamnati, tsoffin shugabannin kasa da matansu, da wasu fitattun ‘yan takarar ofis. na Shugaban kasa, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa da Gwamnoni, da shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatocin kasashen waje da suka kai ziyara. Hukumar SSS a kullum ta saba da ayyuka daban-daban da ake bukata ta hanyar haifar da barazanar tsaro a Najeriya da suka hada da yaki da ta'addanci da masu tayar da kayar baya.
Nasara, gazawa da kuma kisa
Hukumar SSS ta yi nasara mai ma'ana wajen gudanar da aikin ta na tsaro na cikin gida na farko. Hukumar tun a farkon farko ta na da alaka da kama dan kunar bakin wake dan kasar Masar Omar Mohammed Ali Rezaq a shekarar 1993 a lokacin da yake kokarin shiga Najeriya ta kan iyakar Najeriya da Benin. Amurka dai na neman Rezaq ne saboda ya jagoranci harin bam da aka kai wa kungiyar Abu Nidal a jirgin EgyptAir a shekarar 1985 daga baya aka mika shi ga Amurka bayan an samu bukatar a hukumance daga ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka.
Traudl Weber
Traudl Weber ita 'yar wasan tseren tsalle-tsalle ce ta Yammacin Jamus. Ta wakilci Jamus ta Yamma a tseren tsalle-tsalle a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi ta 1976.
Roscoe Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Akwai gidaje 258, daga cikinsu kashi 44.6% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 80.2% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 2.3% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 13.6% kuma ba na iyali ba ne. Kashi 11.2% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 3.5% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 3.04 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.30.
Traudl Weber
Ta ci lambar azurfa a taron Mata na Alpine Combination III, taron Giant Slalom III na Mata da taron Slalom na Mata. A kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan Eva Lemezova, mai wakiltar Czechoslovakia ta lashe lambar zinare. Haka kuma babu lambar tagulla da aka bayar a kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Nasara, gazawa da kuma kisa
A watan Oktobar 2010, SSS sun kama tarin makamai da alburusai da suka samo asali daga Iran a tashar jirgin ruwa ta Apapa da ke Legas ; hakan duk da takunkumin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kakabawa Iran. Makaman da suka hada da makaman roka, harsasai da turmi, an boye su ne a cikin kwantena goma sha uku da aka bayyana karya a matsayin “kayan gini”, ana zargin cewa ana amfani da Najeriya ne a matsayin wurin jigilar kayayyaki yayin da Gambia ta kasance kasa ta karshe da za ta kai makaman.
Roscoe Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 31.8% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 6.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 28.1% daga 25 zuwa 44, 25.1% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 8.3% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 37. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 114.8. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 105.0.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Nasara, gazawa da kuma kisa
An kuma bayyana cewa hukumar ta kutsa kai cikin kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayin addini a kasar ciki har da kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Satumban 2001, an kama wasu masu gabatar da kara guda shida 'yan Pakistan da kungiyar Tabliq, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Musulmi ta gayyace a jihar Benue a jihar Benue bisa zarginsu da keta haddin shige da fice sannan aka kore su a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba. A cewar wikileaks, Mista Kayode Are, "Darekta Janar na SSS ya nuna damuwa game da kudaden da ake ba wa kungiyar, wanda ya zo ta hanyar wayar tarho daga Pakistan, Indiya da Malaysia ". Hakazalika a cewar WikiLeaks, a shekarar 2009 an kama wani mai wa'azi mai tafiya a jihar Taraba kuma an kore shi.
Roscoe Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $56,719, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $59,167. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $35,909 sabanin $25,469 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin ya kasance $20,472. Kusan 2.6% na iyalai da 3.1% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 3.5% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 3.0% na waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka.
Thuli Brilliance Makama
Thuli Brilliance Makama, lauyar muhalli ce ta Swazi. Ita Lauya ce kuma Babbar Darakta ta ƙungiyar kore Yonge Nawe/ Friends of the Earth Swaziland, ƙungiyar muhalli da ke mai da hankali kan adalcin muhalli. An ba ta lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman a cikin shekarar 2010. Da yake zama lauya mai kula da muhalli a Swaziland, Thuli ta yi ƙoƙari ta tabbatar da cewa an yi la'akari da ra'ayoyin al'ummar yankin yayin yanke shawara game da muhalli. Thuli babbar mai ba da shawara ce ga Afirka na Oil Change International, tana ba da dabarun jagoranci da goyon bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe ga ayyukan ƙungiyar a nahiyar.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Nasara, gazawa da kuma kisa
Hukumar SSS ta kuma samu wasu nasarori wajen yaki da masu garkuwa da mutane a Najeriya tare da kama wasu masu garkuwa da mutane tare da kubutar da wadanda suka mutu. A watan Oktobar 2011, hukumar ta ceto Limamin cocin Katolika na St Bernard Eguahulo a karamar hukumar Orhionmwon ta jihar Edo, Rev. Fr Sylvester Chukwura, daga maboyar wanda ya yi garkuwa da shi. Masu garkuwar dai an basu kudin fansa ne daga bisani jami’an SSS suka yi musu kwanton bauna. A lokaci guda kuma, hukumar SSS ta kuma kama wani mai garkuwa da mutane a jihar Edo mai suna Binebi Sibete, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin kasurgumin mai garkuwa da mutane. Ana neman Binebi da wasu abubuwa da ya kashe jami’in SSS a shekarar 2010 da kuma kona jirgin sintiri na gwamnatin jihar a Gelegele.
Thuli Brilliance Makama
Ayyukan Shari'a
Lokacin da aka fara zartar da Dokar Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Swaziland a cikin shekarar 1992, an yi la'akari sosai game da shigar da jama'a a cikin yanke shawara da za su yi tasiri ga muhalli. A cikin shekarar 2002, lokacin da aka gyara wannan doka, an ƙarfafa ainihin shigar jama'a tare da takamaiman tanadi wanda ya ba da izinin haɗa wakili ɗaya daga wata ƙungiyar sa kai ta muhalli a cikin hukumar gudanarwar Hukumar Muhalli ta Swaziland. Sai dai ministan muhalli na farko da aka ɗorawa alhakin aiwatar da wannan tanadi ya zaɓi yin watsi da dokar tare da ware ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Duk da matsin lamba daga Makama da ƙungiyarta, Yonge Nawe Environmental Action Group, ministar ta ki bin wannan doka. Da take fuskantar yuwuwar wannan rashin biyayyar na iya kafa misali ga ministocin nan gaba, Makama da ƙungiyarta sun yanke shawarar yin hamayya da abin da ministar ta yi a babbar kotun Swaziland. A cikin watan Afrilun 2009, shekaru uku da fara shari’ar, Babbar Kotun Swaziland ta goyi bayan matakin Makama kuma ta yanke hukuncin cewa Hukumar Gudanar da Muhalli ta Swaziland, kamar yadda Ministan Muhalli ya naɗa, an kafa shi ba bisa ƙa’ida ba. Hukuncin kotun ya tabbatar da cewa a yanzu ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli za su samu gurbi a Hukumar Gudanarwa, inda za su iya sa ido kan ayyukan Hukumar Muhalli da kuma haɗa da halastaccen ra'ayi na ƙungiyar kare muhalli a cikin tattaunawar tasu. Hukuncin da babbar kotun ta yanke ya baiwa al'ummomin yankin da ke zaune kusa da wuraren ajiyar kaya masu zaman kansu, cewa a ƙarshe hukumomin da suka dace za su amince da gwagwarmayarsu.
Bata suna
Yin kazafi
Thuli Brilliance Makama
Kyauta
An naɗa Thuli ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi nasara ga mafi kyawun lambar yabo ta muhalli, Kyautar Goldman a cikin shekarar 2010
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Nasara, gazawa da kuma kisa
An caccaki hukumar SSS kan barin Umar Farouk Abdul Mutallab, dan kunar bakin wando, ya shiga jirgin da ya tashi daga Legas daga Legas, duk da cewa mahaifinsa ya gargadi jami’an tsaro kan ra’ayin ‘ya’yansa masu tsauri kan Amurka. A nata bangaren, SSS ta ce mahaifin Mista Mutallab bai sanar da ita ba game da ‘ya’yansa da ake zargi da tsatsauran ra’ayi, hukumar ta ce mahaifin Mista Mutallab ya tattauna da jami’ai a ofishin jakadancin Amurka da ke Abuja, kuma ya nemi taimakon wani tsohon mai ba Najeriya shawara kan harkokin tsaro. Hukumar SSS dai ta ce hukumomin Amurka ba su bayar da bayanan da Mista Mutallab babba ya ba su ba, haka kuma tsohon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro bai tuntubi hukumar ba don haka sun kasa yin aiki da bayanan da basu samu ba.
Thuli Brilliance Makama
Manazarta
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Bata suna
ko bata ma mutum suna ta hanya mara kyau
Tsaftatatce
Abu mai tsafta
mara daudaPure na iya koma zuwa:
Romelu Lukaku
Romelu Lukaku (an haife shi 13 ga watan mayun shekarar 1993) yakasance ɗan wasan kwallan kafa na kasar Belgium wanda yake taka leda a klobin Inter milan na kasar Italiya. A halin yanzu kuma yana taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta klobin Chelsea F.C.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Nasara, gazawa da kuma kisa
Haka kuma hukumar ta sha suka sosai sakamakon harin bam da aka kai a gidan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Abuja ranar 26 ga watan Agustan 2011. Kungiyar Boko Haram da ke da alaka da kungiyar Al-Qaeda reshen Magrib (AQIM) ta dauki alhakin harin bam da aka kai da mota wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 24; kungiyar ta sha fama da rikicin Boko Haram da ya faro sakamakon kashe shugabansu da 'yan sanda suka yi bayan kama shi. Al’ummar Najeriya dai na kara sukar hukumar ne bayan da jaridu suka yi ta yada labaran da ke cewa hukumar ta samu bayanan sirri game da harin bam daga Amurkawa. Daga baya wannan labarin ya zama karya ne bayan da aka bayyana cewa hukumar SSS ce ta samu wasu sahihan bayanan sirri daga wasu majiyoyi a cikin kungiyar Boko Haram game da wani hari da ke shirin kaiwa Abuja. Hukumar leken asirin ta bayyana wasu muhimman gine-gine da ma'aikatun gwamnati a matsayin harin, inda daga bisani hukumar ta kara kaimi a Abuja, sannan ta shawarci jami'an diflomasiyya da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da ke birnin da su dauki kwararan matakan tsaro ga ma'aikatansu da wuraren. Rahoton na karshe na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan lamarin ya tuhumi mashawarcin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan harkokin tsaro a Abuja da mataimakinsa, ana zarginsu da sakaci idan aka yi la’akari da yadda aka ba su “isassun bayanan sirri kan yiwuwar harin kunar bakin wake”, amma duk da haka sun kasa aiwatar da matakan da suka dace. Dukkan mutanen biyu an sauke su daga mukamansu.
A farkon watan Nuwamban shekarar 2011, jaridun Najeriya sun yi ta yada labaran da ke cewa gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara kan tafiye-tafiye kan Najeriya. Shawarwari na tafiye-tafiye a cewar jaridun ya hada da barazanar hare-haren bama-bamai a manyan otal-otal da ke Abuja da ‘yan kasashen waje ke yawan zuwa. Nan take labarin ya haifar da firgici a tsakanin jama’a da kuma zargin rashin iya aiki da ake yi wa jami’an tsaro, wato SSS. Labarin ya kuma yi zargin cewa jakadan na Amurka ya bayar da wata sanarwa da ke bayyana cewa Amurka ta yi wannan gargadin ne kai tsaye saboda hukumomin tsaron Najeriya sun gaza yin aiki da bayanan sirrin da aka raba musu a baya. A karshe dai an shawo kan lamarin ne a lokacin da mai ba shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro, Gen. Owoye Andrew Azazi ya bukaci shaidun da ke nuna cewa lallai Amurkawa sun yi irin wannan gargadin ko kuma jakadan na Amurka ya fadi abin da aka alakanta shi da shi a jaridu. Labarin ya zama karya ne, barazanar da ake yi wa otal-otal a haƙiƙanin binciken sirri ne na yiwuwar barazanar da hukumar SSS ta yi a watannin baya wanda aka yi ta yawo a cikin da’irar gwamnati. Hukumar SSS ta kasa sarrafa bayanai a kan lokaci kuma da ya dace wanda hakan ya sa jama’a suka rasa kwarin gwiwa ga kungiyar.
Hukumar ta yi asarar ma’aikata da dama a bakin aiki, yayin da ba a bayyana yawan mace-macen da aka yi a wasu lokuta a kafafen yada labarai ba. A yayin bikin cikar Najeriya shekaru 50 a Abuja a ranar 1 ga Oktoban 2010, wani bam da aka dana a mota ya halaka mataimakin daraktan hukumar da Mista Tahir Zakari Biu jami’in hukumar yaki da yi wa tattalin arzikin kasa zagon kasa ta EFCC a lokacin da suke kokarin kwashe motocin da aka yi watsi da su a bakin hanya. kilomita daga wurin da aka yi bikin. Kungiyar fafutukar kwato yankin Neja Delta (MEND) ta dauki alhakin kai harin. Hukumar SSS ta samu nasarar gano rajistar motar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen kai harin inda daga bisani ta kama wasu da ake zargi a Legas, wanda ya shirya aikin Mista Henry Okah da hukumomin kasar Afirka ta Kudu suka kama aka gurfanar da shi a Afirka ta Kudu bisa zargin ta’addanci. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 2007 an harbe wani jami’in tsaro (SPO) da ke aiki da cikakken kariya na Mista Onyema Ugochukwu, dan takarar gwamnan jihar Abia a karkashin jam’iyyar PDP a shekarar 2007 a wani yunkurin kashe shugaban makarantarsa. An harbi mai tsaron lafiyar a ka da kuma a hannunsa. A shekarar 2013, an samu cikas a wani harin da jami’an tsaro suka kai a jihar Nasarawa da ke tsakiyar kasar domin kamo shugaban kungiyar asiri ta Ombatse wanda da yawa ke ikirarin cewa yana da karfin iko da ake amfani da shi wajen gurgunta wasu kabilu musamman Fulani, lamarin da ya haifar da dimbin jami’an tsaro. Ma’aikatan da suka mutu ciki har da wasu mutane shida na SSS da ake zargin an kashe ta hanyar amfani da karfin sihiri
Kungiyar kwallon kafa a Najeriya ta kasa
Hukumar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya (wanda aka fi sani da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya har zuwa 2008) ita ce hukumar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya. An kaddamar da ita a hukumance a shekarar 1945 kuma ta kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Najeriya ta farko a shekarar 1949. Ya koma CAF a 1959 da FIFA a 1960. Hedikwatar NFF tana cikin birnin Abuja.
Kamar yadda na 2008 ya shirya wasanni uku: Gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya, Amateur League da Women's League, da kuma gasa biyar, ciki har da gasar cin kofin tarayya da na mata. Za a yi zabe mai zuwa na 2022
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Nasara, gazawa da kuma kisa
A cikin watan Fabrairun 2013, SSS ta tarwatsa wata kungiyar ta'addanci karkashin jagorancin jami'an Iran da ke tattara bayanan sirri don kai hare-hare a kan Amurka da Isra'ila a cikin kasar.
Rigima
A cikin wani rahoto na musamman a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2020, Peoples Gazette ta ruwaito dogon bayani da ke fallasa son zuciya da son zuciya a cikin daukar ma’aikatan Hukumar Tsaro ta Jihar da Bichi ke jagoranta, rahoton ya zama sananne da badakalar daukar ma’aikata ta SSS. Rahoton ya ruwaito majiyoyi da dama, ciki har da ma’aikatan hukumar, wadanda suka bayar da alkaluman yadda hukumar ta yi watsi da ka’idojin daukar ma’aikata domin fifita wasu daga kananan hukumomin babban daraktan hukumar da kuma yankin Arewacin Najeriya a kan yankin Kudu.
Shugabanni a shiyyar Kudu da Tsakiyar Najeriya sun soki tsarin tare da yin barazanar gurfanar da hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya da babban darakta a gaban kotu.
Romelu Lukaku
Farkon rayuwa
An haifa Romelu Lukaku (13  gawatan Mayu a shekara ta 1993) an  haife shi a garin Antwerp na kasar Belgium.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Rigima
Duk da cewa an wargaza wannan shahararriyar hukumar ta NSO, sabuwar kafa ta tsaro a 1990 ta ci gaba da yin aiki ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ba tare da wani hukunci ba. Gwamnati ta haramta ƙungiyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar NANS da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jami'o'i, ƙungiyar tsakiyar dukkanin malaman jami'a da malaman jami'a. An yi wa wasu 'yan kasa da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba hari ba tare da biyan diyya na gwamnati ba. An kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan adam sosai. Dokar mai lamba 2 ta ci gaba da kasancewa a cikinta, kuma an tsare ‘yan kasar da dama a karkashinta, duk da cewa an rage wa’adin da aka bari na tsarewa ba tare da tuhuma ba daga watanni shida zuwa makonni shida a watan Janairun 1990. Tare da taimakon wannan da wasu dokokin da suka tauye 'yanci, yawanci ana yin su ne a baya, ana tsare da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na gwamnati kamar Gani Fawehinmi, Tai Solarin, da Balarabe Musa a kai a kai. Duk da soke dokar lamba 4, gwamnati na da gogewa da yawa tare da kungiyoyin yada labarai. A cikin 1988 Newswatch an haramta shi na tsawon watanni shida, kuma an ci gaba da cin zarafin 'yan jarida, malamai, da masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a daga jami'an tsaron jihar.
Jami’an tsaron gwamnati na yawan cin zarafi, kamawa, da kuma tsare editoci da ‘yan jaridu daga mujallu masu sukar tsarin mulki. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1997 Aoetokunbo Fakeye, wakilin tsaro na The News, an kama shi. A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, Jenkins Alumona, editan The News, jami'an SSS sun kama shi a wani gidan talabijin na Legas. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, Onome Osifo-Whiskey, manajan editan mujallar Tell, jami’an SSS a Legas sun kama shi a lokacin da yake tuka mota zuwa coci tare da ‘ya’yansa. A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, Osifo-Whiskey ya yi gargadin cewa mujallar ta samu rubutacciyar barazanar kisa, wadda ta lissafa sunayen ma’aikatan 27. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, jami'an SSS sun kama Babafemi Ojudu, editan News/Tempo. Rafiu Salau, editan gudanarwa na News/Tempo, an kuma kama shi a tsakiyar watan Nuwamba. An tsare tsohon shugaban hukumar editan jaridar The Guardian, kuma Farfesan aikin jarida da ya ziyarce shi a wata jami’ar Amurka, Olatunji Dare, an tsare shi cikin dare tare da kwace fasfo dinsa da ya zo daga Amurka a ranar 2 ga watan Yunin 1997. An ce ya kai rahoto ga hukumar DSS don karbo fasfo dinsa. Bayan da jami’an SSS suka yi masa tambayoyi a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni game da ayyukansa a kasashen waje, sai aka mayar da fasfo dinsa.
Makamai da kayan aiki
Tun daga shekarar 2010, daidaitattun bindigogin harin da SSS Combat Operatives/Security Protection Officers (SPO) ke amfani da su sune IMI Tavor Tar-21 da masana'antun Sojoji na Isra'ila suka samar da makamin kariya na sirri na FN P90, bindigar FN F2000, duka biyu an kera su. ta FN Herstal ; waɗannan bindigogi sun maye gurbin Uzi a matsayin makamin harin farko na SSS. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan suna amfani da makamai na gefe daban-daban da bindigogi daga masana'antun da yawa da suka hada da Beretta, Glock, da Browning.
Clay Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota
Clay Township birni ne, da ke a cikin gundumar Hubbard, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 49 a ƙidayar 2000.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Makamai da kayan aiki
Hukumar ya kuma tura van saka backscatter X-ray screeners daga Basix Technologies domin ganowa da bama (bama-bamai) saboda wani upsurge a fashewar bamabamai tasowa daga wani Boko Haram a arewa gabashin Najeriya. A cikin wannan aikin yaƙar ta'addanci, hukumar ta kuma yi amfani da jam'in IED ta wayar hannu don kariya ta VIP a wuraren jama'a kamar filayen wasa da kuma tsarin wayar hannu don amfani da ayarin motocin.
Clay Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota
An sanya sunan garin Clay don ajiyar yumbu na halitta a cikin iyakokinsa.
Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42
Tarin abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓacewar iska daga AP 42 tarin bayanai ne na Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) game da gurbatar iska, wanda aka fara bugawa a shekarata 1968. , bugu na ƙarshe shine na 5th daga 2010.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Makamai da kayan aiki
Saboda yawan masu amfani da wayar salula ta GSM a Najeriya da kuma yadda ake amfani da wayar salula a matsayin babbar hanyar sadarwa ta masu garkuwa da mutane da kuma 'yan ta'adda, ya sa hukumar ta samu damar dakile kiran waya. An tura masu kama lambar IMSI da masu gano hanyar sigina don shiga tsakani da bin diddigin hanyoyin sadarwar wayar GSM da tauraron dan adam.
Clay Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota
Geography
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 36.1 sqmi, wanda daga ciki 33.4 sqmi   ƙasa ce kuma 2.7 sqmi   (7.56%) ruwa ne.
Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42
Tarihi
AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors shine tarin abubuwan da ke fitar da gurbacewar iska, a wasu kalmomin lambobi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da adadin gurɓataccen abu da aka fitar a cikin sararin samaniya tare da wani aiki. Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka ce ta fara tattara wannan tarin kuma ta buga shi a cikin shekarar 1968. A cikin shekarar 1972, an sake dubawa kuma an fitar da shi azaman bugu na biyu ta Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka EPA. A cikin shekarar 1985, bugu na huɗu na gaba ya kasu kashi biyu: Juzu'i na tun daga lokacin ya haɗa da ma'ana mai tsayayye da abubuwan fitar da tushen yanki, kuma juzu'i na II ya haɗa da abubuwan fitar da tushen wayar hannu. Juzu'i na I a halin yanzu yana cikin bugu na biyar kuma ana samunsa akan Intanet. Ba a ci gaba da jujjuya juzu'i na II kamar haka, to amma ana samun samfuran tarwatsewar iska ta hanya don ƙididdige hayaki daga ababan hawa da na ababan hawa da kayan aikin hannu akan yanar gizo.
State Security Service (Nijeriya)
Makamai da kayan aiki
Hukumar tana kula da jerin motocin alfarma masu sulke da kuma SUVs da ake amfani da su wajen jigilar shugaban kasa, mataimakin shugaban kasa da manyan baki masu ziyara. Sauran motocin galibi SUVs da Kamfanin Ford Motor Company, Toyota da Lexus ke samarwa kuma hukumar na amfani da su.
Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42
Tarihi
A cikin amfani na yau da kullun na yau da kullun, Juzu'i na I na haɗar abubuwan da ake fitarwa ana kiransu da AP 42 kawai.
Clay Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 49, gidaje 23, da iyalai 16 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 1.5 a kowace murabba'in mil (0.6/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 116 a matsakaicin yawa na 3.5/sq mi (1.3/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 97.96% Fari da 2.04% Ba'amurke.
Akwai gidaje 23, daga cikinsu kashi 13.0% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 65.2% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 4.3% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 30.4% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 26.1% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance na mutane ne, kuma babu wanda ke da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.13 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi ya kasance 2.56.
Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42
Abun ciki
Abubuwan da ke fitar da gurɓataccen iska yawanci ana bayyana su azaman nauyin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da nauyin raka'a, girma, nisa, ko tsawon lokacin aikin da ke fitar da gurɓataccen abu (misali, kilogiram na ɓarna da ke fitowa a kowace megagram na kwal da aka ƙone). Abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen kimanta hayaki daga wurare daban-daban na gurɓataccen iska. Sannan A mafi yawan lokuta, abubuwan sune kawai matsakaicin duk bayanan da ake samu na inganci karɓuwa, kuma gabaɗaya ana ɗauka su zama wakilcin matsakaicin dogon lokaci.
Ma'auni don ƙididdige fitar da hayaki kafin a yi amfani da matakan rage hayaƙi shine:
Kathy Poohachof
Kathy Poohachof 'yar kasar Amurka ce mai wasan tseren tsalle-tsalle. Ta wakilci Amurka a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi a shekarar 1980 a Geilo, Norway da kuma a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1984 a Innsbruck, Austria. Gabaɗaya, ta sami lambobin azurfa biyar a tseren tsalle-tsalle.
Jihadin Danfodio
Jahadin Sakkwato na 1804 – 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Jihadin Jamaa ko Jihadin Usman dan Fodio, juyin juya hali ne a Najeriya da Kamaru a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin musulunci kuma malami Usman Dan Fodiyo, daya daga cikin tsofaffin dalibansa Sarki Yunfa ya kore shi daga Gobir.
Clay Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $36,250, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $45,625. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $30,750 sabanin $23,750 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $28,130. Babu iyalai da 5.4% na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da waɗanda ba ƙasa da goma sha takwas ba kuma babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka haura 64.
Jihadin Danfodio
Usman Dan Fodiyo ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar jihadi da sarkin Gobir na Arewacin Najeriya. A hankali ne sojojin Usman Danfodiyo suka mamaye daular Gobir, inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya Sokoto, karkashin jagorancin Usman Danfodiyo, wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a Afrika a karni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin Afirka.
Fage
Daular Kanem-Bornu ta kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar karni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a fadin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar Hausa guda biyu sune Gobir da Zamfara. Haka nan daular Kanem-Bornu ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, amma yaki tsakanin kasashen Hausa da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a karshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin Hausawa, sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.
Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42
Abun ciki
kuma don fitar da hayaki bayan raguwa ana amfani da su:
Jihadin Danfodio
Kai har zuwa yaki
Usman dan Fodio, wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790. Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin Gobir ; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin Gobir Nafata, Sarkin Gobir, ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. A 1801, Sarkin Gobir Yunfa, tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel. Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan dan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan Fodio suka yi zuwa Gudu. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin Amirul Muminin, kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga Gobir.
Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42
Abun ciki
Ana amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da fitar da iska ta hanyar ƙirar yanayi da sauran su don tantance adadin gurɓataccen iska da ake fitarwa daga tushe a cikin wuraren masana'antu.
Jihadin Danfodio
Yaƙe-yaƙe
Kananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya mayar da martani da kame kauyen Matankari, wanda ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa.
Da kame Gobir, masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan Hausawa da dama, kuma daular Sokoto ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846.
Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42
Babi
A mafi yawan lokuta, abubuwan da ke cikin babi na biyar 5 an haɗa su don yanayin da ba a kula da su ba kafin a aiwatar da tsarin rage fitar da iska da yanayin sarrafawa bayan an aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin rage fitar da iska.
Babi na bakwai 7 "Tsarin Ma'ajiyar Ruwa" an sadaukar da shi ga hanyoyin ƙididdige asarar da aka fitar daga ƙirar tanki guda shida da aka yi amfani da su don ajiyar ruwa na Organic: kafaffen rufin (a tsaye da a kwance), rufin iyo na waje, domed waje (ko an rufe) rufin iyo, rufin ciki mai iyo, sannan sararin tururi mai canzawa, da matsa lamba (ƙananan da babba). Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka tare da haɗin gwiwar EPA ne suka samar da tsarin a Babi na 7.
Jihadin Danfodio
Kafa Daular Sokoto
Muhammed Bello, dan Usman ɗan Fodio, ya mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na Sokoto a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga Sakkwato a matsayin shugaban addini na Jihadin Fulani tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa. Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani.
Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42
Babi
Hukumar EPA ta samar da wata manhaja mai suna "TANKS" wacce ke aiwatar da dabarar babi na 7 don kididdige asarar hayaki daga tankunan ajiya. Fayil ɗin mai saka shirin tare da jagorar mai amfani, da lambar tushe ana samun su akan Intanet.
Babi na 5 da 7 da aka tattauna a sama suna kwatanta irin bayanan da ke cikin sauran surori na AP 42. Kuma Yawancin abubuwan da ke haifar da fitar da hayaki a Babi na 5 da tsarin lissafin hayaƙi a Babi na 7 da shirin TANKS su ma sun shafi sauran nau'ikan masana'antu da yawa ban da masana'antar mai.
Jihadin Danfodio
Gado
Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na yammacin Afirka daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa Masarautar Massina Seku Amadu, wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur Umar Tall, wanda ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar Adamawa Modibo Adama.
Daular Sakkwato ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani Najeriya ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.
Lindy Rodwell
Lindy Rodwell ,(an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun 1962, a Johannesburg ), ƴar Afirka ta Kudu ce masaniyar dabbobi ce kuma masaniyar kiyayewa. Ta yi aiki a kan tanadin matsugunin dausayi da girman yawan jama'a ga cranes na ƙasar Afirka ta kudu da hamadar sahara, kogin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da kambi mai launin toka da kuma kogin da ke cikin hatsarin gaske.
Aiki
An bai wa Lindy Rodwell lambar yabo ta BSc ( Zoology ) da kuma Babbar Diploma a fannin Ilimi daga Jami'ar Cape Town. Daga baya ta zama mai kula da shirye-shiryen Afirka na ƙungiyar Crane Working Group of the Endangered Wildlife Trust.
Rodwell a halin yanzu mataimakiya ce ta amintattun namun daji da ke cikin haɗari da asusun namun daji na duniya. Ta kafa ƙungiyar Nature's Valley Trust (NVT), Ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta, tare da mijinta, James van Hasselt. NVT tana mai da hankali a kan batutuwan da suka shafi kiyayewa tare da Hanyar Lambu.
Eugene Keazor
Eugene Akosa Keazor CPM (7 Yuli 1907 - 1975) ɗan sandan Najeriya ne. Daga shekarar 1959 har zuwa lokacin da Najeriya ta sami 'yancin kai a shekara mai zuwa ya rike mukamin babban jami'in' yan sanda da wani dan Afirka ya yi a mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, inda ya yi ritaya a 1964. Hakanan ana jin daɗin cewa a matakai da yawa a cikin aikinsa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan Jami'an 'Yan Sanda na Yankin da ke cikin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Biritaniya.
Yankin Teso
Yankin tana da faɗin kasa kilomita 13,030.6 kuma tana da kimanin mutane miliyan 2.5 na kabilar Iteso da Kumam.
Eugene Keazor
Rayuwar farko
Keazor aka haife shi a Obosi, Eastern Najeriya (a cikin abin da yake a yanzu jihar Anambra ) a kan 7 Yuli 1907, to Ikeazor Uba Oboli I, a gida sarki da kuma farkon sabon tuba zuwa Kristanci a Obosi.
Yankin Teso
A siyasance, gundumar Pallisa ba ta cikin yankin Teso duk da cewa kabilun Iteso sun mamaye manyan sassan wannan gundumar.
Eugene Keazor
Rayuwar farko
Matashin Keazor ya sami shiga sabuwar makarantar Obosi Community sannan kuma Dennis Memorial Grammar School a Onitsha a 1920 yana ɗan shekara 13. Ya kasance memba mai aiki a cikin Scouts Boy na Najeriya kuma an zaɓe shi don Inaugural World Scout Jamboree a Olympia, London a 1920.
Gombe State Drugs and Medical Consumables Management Agency
Hukumar Kula da Magunguna da Magunguna ta Jihar Gombe wata hukuma ce da Gwamna Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya ya kafa a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2023 don samar da tabbataccen tushen magunguna masu inganci, masu araha da sauki da sauran kayayyakin masarufi a jihar.
Eugene Keazor
Sana'a
Keazor ya sami matsayin Mataimakin Kwamishinan 'Yan sanda a 1959, mafi girman mukami da wani ɗan Afirka ya taɓa samu a cikin abin da zai zama rundunar ' yan sandan Najeriya yayin da har yanzu tana ƙarƙashin umarnin Gwamnatin Biritaniya. Ya bambanta kansa da hidima a matsayin wani ɓangare na rundunar 'yan sanda na rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka tura zuwa Kongo-Kinshasa a lokacin rikicin 1960.