cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sharman Joshi
Sauran
A cikin shekara ta 2009, ya dauki bakuncin wasan wasan a gidan talabijin na Real TV da ake kira PokerFace: Dil Sachcha Chehra Jhootha, wanda ya dogara da wasan wasan Burtaniya da ake kira PokerFace. An karrama shi da zama memba na memba na Fim da Talabijin na Duniya na Kwalejin Fim &amp; Talabijan ta Asiya. Sharman yana nufin zama nau'in-jefa yayin aikinsa kuma yayi magana game da shi a taron TEDxYouth@OIS TEDx a Mumbai a cikin Janairu, shekara ta 2017.
Jacqueline Foster
Jacqueline Foster, Baroness Foster na Oxton, DBE ( née Renshaw ) yar siyasa ce a jam'iyyar Conservative ta Biritaniya kuma tsohon memba ne a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Ingila.
A watan Disamban 2020, aka sanarwar cewa za a ba ta Matsayin Rayuwa bayan nadin da Firayim Minista Boris Johnson ya yi a matsayin wani bangare na Darajojin Siyasa na 2020. A cikin Janairu 2021, an kara mata matsayi zuwa matsayin Baroness Foster of Oxton, na Oxton a karkashin gundumar Merseyside.
Fara aiki
An haifi Jacqueline Foster a Liverpool kuma ta yi karatu a Prescot Girls' Grammar School. Ta yi aiki a British Airways na sama da shekaru ashirin.
Tsakanin 1981 zuwa 1985 ta bar British Airways kuma ta zama Manaja a Austria don Horizon, Ma'aikaciyar Yawon shakatawa ta Burtaniya kafin ta koma British Airways bayan shekaru hudu. A cikin 1989, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Cabin Crew '89, ƙungiyar ƙwadago mai zaman kanta kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Babban Sakatare. Ta ci gaba da aiki a British Airways har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe ta matsayin MEP a 1999. Ta kuma zauna kuma ta yi aiki a Faransa da Sifaniya. Tana fahimtar harsunan Faransanci da Jamusanci.
Shiga siyasa
A shekarar 1988, bayan jawabin Bruges da Margaret Thatcher, ta yi adawa da shigar Biritaniya cikin tsarin kudaden Turai guda ɗaya tare da shiga cikin Sashin zamantakewa. Tare da gogewarta na rayuwa da aiki a Turai, koyaushe tana riƙe da ƙwaƙƙwaran Euro.
Foster ta haɗe ayyukan ta na ƙungiyar kasuwanci tare da kuma harkokin ta na memba na Jam'iyyar Conservative, aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Twickenham Conservative Association da kuma rike da ofisoshin siyasa na son rai iri-iri na yankin Greater London. A babban zaɓe na 1992, ta kasance 'yar takarar Conservative a Newham South, kujera ta Labour a gabashin London. Dangane da yanayin ƙasa, Foster ta yanke yawancin Labour. An tantance ta a matsayin ‘yar takarar Eastleigh a zaben fidda gwani na shekarar 1994 amma ta sha kaye a zaben.
1997 babban zaben Burtaniya
Ta ci gaba da neman zaɓe kuma a Nuwamban 1995 ne Eric Forth ya kada ta a zaɓen yankunan Bromley da Chislehurst. A cikin watan Agusta 1996 an zabe ta don zama ɗan ƙaramin kujera na Peterborough, inda dan majalisa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Brian Mawhinney ke ƙaura zuwa wani yanki da ke kusa. Ta koma Peterborough don yaƙin neman zaɓe kuma tana cikin ƴan takara masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a wannan zaɓen da suka ayyana adawarsu da kuɗaɗen Turai guda.
Zaben Turai na 1999
A zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 1999, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a Arewa maso Yamma sun zabi Foster a matsayin na biyar a jerin 'yan takarar su. Ta lashe kujerar karshe da aka samu akan tsarin rukunonin.
Aiki a matsayin MEP
A lokacin wannan wa'adi na farko (1999-2004), an zabe ta a kowacce shekara a matsayin shugabar muhimmin kwamiti na MEPs.
Ayyukanta na siyasa sun kasance a matsayin mai magana da yawun masu ra'ayin rikau kan harkokin sufuri da yawon bude idanu da kuma mamba a kwamitin masana'antu. Ta kware a fannin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, tare da wasu ayyuka da suka hada da sufuri ta ruwa, titina da jiragen kasa.
Bayan ibtila'in 9/11 Foster ta kasance mai Rapporteur/mai tsara labari na Dokokin wanda suka gabatar da mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodin tsaro a filayen jirgin saman Turai. Wannan ya hada da sabbin ka’idoji da suka bukaci a rika tantance ma’aikatan filin jirgin yayin da suke shiga wurare masu muhimmanci, kamar yadda ya faru a Burtaniya.
Ta goyi bayan yunƙuri na buƙatar kamfanonin jiragen sama don biyan fasinjojin da suka rasa tashin jiragensu. Sauran bangarorin da ta mayar da hankali a kai sun hada da:
A matsayinta na mamba a majalisar hadin gwiwa ta kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific (ACP) ta zama mai magana da yawun majalisar dokokin da kasar Zimbabwe, inda daga baya aka hana ta shiga kasar.
Cin nasara a 2004; sake zabe a 2009
An sake zabar Foster a matsayin 'yar takara a zaben majalisar Turai na 2004 a matsayi na hudu a jerin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, don haka ba a sake zabe ba lokacin da Conservatives suka lashe kujeru uku kawai. Bayan da ta kware a fannin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, ta zama mai ba da shawara ga Airbus kan dokokin EU bayan da aka nada ta Shugabar Harkokin Turai na Aerospace, Space and Defence Industries (ASD), wanda ke Brussels (2005-2009). Ta ci gaba da taka rawa a waɗannan yankuna a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Sky & Space Parliamentary Intergroup.
A shekarar 2009 ta zo ta uku a jerin 'yan takarar Conservatives na yankin Arewa maso Yamma a zaben majalisar Turai kuma an zabe ta a matsayin MEP, inda jam'iyyar Conservative ta lashe kujeru uku a karo na biyu. An sake nada ta a matsayin Kakakin Sufuri sannan kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Shugabar Sky & Space da Animal Welfare Intergroups na majalisar kuma a matsayin memba na Wakilan EU-US. Bugu da kari ta zauna a matsayin memba na kwamitin muhalli. An zabe ta mataimakiyar shugabar tawagar 'yan mazan jiya na MEPs a 2013, kuma an sake zabar ta a kowace shekara. A cikin 2013, ta yi jayayya da Jam'iyyar Conservative tana da yarjejeniyar zaɓe tare da Jam'iyyar Independence ta Burtaniya.
Zaben Turai na 2014
Foster ta cinye kuri'u a jerin 'yan takarar Arewa maso Yamma na zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2014. Conservatives sun riƙe MEPs biyu.
Bayan zaben ne aka sake nada ta a matsayin mai magana da yawun sufuri, wacce ta kasance kwararra a fannin sufurin jiragen sama da na sama kamar da, kuma ta kasance mai magana da yawun yawon bude ido. Ita ce mai tsara shirin 'Rahoto kan Amintaccen Amfani da RPAS' (drones) a cikin farar hula. Ta ci gaba da zama a Kwamitin Muhalli. Ta ci gaba da aiki kan harkokin tsaro tare da hukumomin Amurka da sauran kasashen duniya. An sake zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyoyin majalissar Sky & Space da Animal Welfare Intergroups. Ta kasance memba a Wakilin EU/US kuma an nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar tawagar Ostiraliya/New Zealand tare da mai da hankali kan kulla yarjejeniyar kasuwanci.
Ana yawan gayyatar ta don yin jawabi ga taron jiragen sama/aerospace, irin su Royal Aeronautical Society (drones & emissions ciniki), da kuma kiranta don yin sharhin siyasa akan dukkan bangarorin biyu. Ita memba ce ta RAeS da kuma Kungiyar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Turai.
Foster ta kuma taka rawa kan batutuwan da suka shafi bangaren Sufurin Ruwa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta kuma Memba na Mersey Maritime Ltd. daga 2016 zuwa Yuni 2019.
An sake zabar Foster, ba tare da hamayya ba, a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban tawagar Conservatives na MEPs a watan Nuwamba 2018 yana aiki shekaru shida a cikin duka.
Ta tsaya takara a karshen wa'adin 2014-2019 kuma ba ta tsaya takara a zaben Turai na watan Mayun 2019 ba.
An nada ta shugabar din Conservative Clubs na Arewa maso Yamma a shekarar 2010.
An nada Foster matsayin Dame Kwamandan Order of the British Empire (DBE) a Girmama Maulidan 2019.
Marietta Brew Appiah-Oppong
Marietta Brew Appiah-Oppong (an haife ta a Tema), 'yar Ghana ce mai aikin shari'a kuma tsohuwar babban lauyan Ghana kuma ministar shari'a ta Ghana. Shugaba Mahama ne ya nada ta a shekarar 2013. Ita ce mace ta biyu da ke rike da wannan mukami a kasar, ta farko ita ce Mrs. Betty Mould-Iddrisu. Zamanta a matsayin babban mai shigar da kara na Ghana ya kare ne a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 2017. An nada ta a matsayin kotun sasantawa ta kungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta duniya daga ranar 1 ga Yulin 2018 na tsawon shekaru uku. Ita memba ce Majalisar Daraja ta Gana Association of Restructuring and Insolvency Advisors (GARIA).
Ilimi
Marietta ta fara karatun ta a Makarantar Iyaye ta Tema. Ta yi karatun sakandire a St Roses Senior High (Akwatia) inda ta yi karatun ta na yau da kullun (O level) da Advanced Level Certificate (A level). Daga nan ta samu digirin ta na digiri na uku (LLB) daga Jami’ar Ghana da ke Legon da kuma takardar shaidar sana’arta ta aikin lauya daga Makarantar Koyon Aikin Shari’a ta Ghana, (Makola). Daga nan ta tafi Cibiyar Nazarin Zamantakewa ta Hague da ke Netherlands don samun Digiri.
Aiki
Marietta ta kasance lauya mai aiki tsawon shekaru ashirin da suka gabata inda ta fara aikinta a Fugar and Co. law firm. Daga nan ta koma zama babban abokin tarayya a kamfanin lauyoyi na Lithur Brew and Co. Ita mamba ce Majalisar Daraja ta Ghana Association of Restructuring and Insolvency Advisors (GARIA).
Siyasa
Ta kasance mamba a hukumar bincike ta Ghana @50 sannan kuma mamba ce a hukumar kogin Volta (VRA) da marigayi shugaban kasa John Atta-Mills ya nada a shekarar 2009. An nada Marietta Brew Appiah-Oppong a matsayin babban mai shigar da kara na Ghana. kuma ministan shari'a na Ghana na tsohon shugaban kasa John Dramani Mahama daga Fabrairu, 2013 zuwa 6 ga Janairu 2017.
Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya
A cikin watan Yuni 2018, an nada ta don yin aiki na shekaru 3 a Kotun Hulɗar Kasuwanci ta Duniya na tsawon shekaru uku tsakanin 1 Yuli 2018 - 30 Yuni 2021. An yanke shawarar nada ta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2018. , a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na ICC a birnin Paris.
Markus Salcher
Markus Salcher (an haife shi 1 Yuni 1991) ɗan Austriya mai tsalle-tsalle ne kuma Gasar Paralympic. Ya halarci gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi a shekarar 2014 a birnin Sochi na kasar Rasha, inda ya lashe lambobin zinare biyu.
Mohamed Elneny
Mohamed Naser Elsayed Elneny (Larabci: محمد ناصر السيد النني; an haife shi 11 ga Yuli 1992) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Masar wanda ke buga wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Arsenal da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar.
Abubakar shehu lawal giwa
DR ABUBAKAR SHEHU LAWAL GIWA,
Mohamed Elneny
Elneny ya fara babban aikinsa a gasar Premier ta Masar, kafin ya koma kulob din Basel na Switzerland a watan Janairun 2013. Ya lashe kofuna takwas a Basel, ciki har da Super League na Swiss a kowane kakar wasanni hudu. A cikin Janairu 2016, an canza shi zuwa Arsenal.
Elneny ya fafata ne a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 don tawagar Masar ta kasa da shekara 23, kuma ya buga wa babbar kungiyar wasa a gasar cin kofin Afirka na 2017, 2019 da 2021, da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018.
Abubakar shehu lawal giwa
haifaffen cikin garin giwa ne Dane ga Dr shehu lawal giwa, a halin yanzun Abubakar shine ciyaman na garin giwa. mahaifin Sa yanada iyalai da yawa, ya rasu yabar su
Markus Salcher
Ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar Super-G ta maza a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi ta 2022 da aka gudanar a birnin Beijing na kasar Sin.
Cibiyar Ahmed Baba
Cibiyar Ahmed Baba, a hukumance Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Islamace ta Ahmed Baba, ɗakin karatu ne da cibiyar bincike a Timbuktu. An kafa cibiyar a cikin shekarar 1973, tare da tallafin farko daga Kuwait. An ba ta suna ne bayan masanin Timbuktu na ƙarni na 17 Ahmad Baba al Massufi.
Abubakar shehu lawal giwa
Farkon rayuwa
An haife shi a cikin garin giwa da ya girma ya koma Kaduna ya cigaba da karatun shi na Boko Dana islama, mahaifin shi babban mutum ne attajirin a cikin garin giwa.
Cibiyar Ahmed Baba
Gine-gine
Wani masanin gine-ginen Afirka ta Kudu ne ya tsara ginin na yanzu kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 2009, wanda kudinta ya kai kusan Yuro miliyan 5.8. Tana da fadin murabba'in mita 4,600 kuma ta haɗa da tsarin kwandishan don adana daidaitattun rubutun da aka ajiye a ciki, da kuma tsarin kashe gobara ta atomatik. Ta maye gurbin wani gini mai shekaru 40 da ya ruguje.
Abubakar shehu lawal giwa
Ilimi
Abubakar yayi karatun Boko tun daga matakin firamare a inda yanzun yakai matakin dakta.
Cibiyar Ahmed Baba
Rubutun hannu
Cibiyar tana dauke da rubuce-rubuce kusan 20,000 da suka shafi tarihin Mali, gami da Tarikh al-Sudan. Yawancin rubuce-rubucen sun kasance daga ƙarni na 14 zuwa 16, kuma yawancin an rubuta su da Larabci amma wasu suna cikin harsunan gida, irin su Songhai, Tamashek da Bamanankan, ko ma a cikin mafi nisa, ɗaya kowanne cikin Baturke da Ibrananci, tare da batutuwa. wanda ya shafi likitanci, ilmin taurari, wakoki, adabi da shari'ar Musulunci.
Nigeria, Muna Godiya
" Najeriya, Muna Godiya " ita ce tsohuwar taken Najeriya, wacce aka yi amfani da ita daga 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960 zuwa 1978. Waƙar Najeriya ta yanzu mai suna “ Tashi Ya ‘Yan Uwa ” an yi amfani da ita a shekarar 1978, inda ta maye gurbin “Nigeria, Mu gaishe ka”.
Abubakar shehu lawal giwa
siyasa
Dan siyasa ne a Karamar hukumar giwa, inda a yanzun yake matsayin ciyaman na garin giwa, gwarzon ciyaman ne, ya Yi ayyuka da dama a garin giwa , Kuma ya kawo ma garin cigaba, yana daya daga cikin ciyamomi da baza a manta dasu ba a tarihin Karamar hukumar ta giwa.
Nigeria, Muna Godiya
Tarihi
“Nigeria, Mun gaishe ka” an karbe ta a matsayin wakar kasa ta farko a Najeriya a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. Lillian Jean Williams, Baturiya da ta rayu a Najeriya lokacin da ta samu ‘yancin kai ne ta rubuta wakokin waƙar. Frances Berda shi ne ya tsara waƙar don "Nigeria, Mun gaishe ka."
Markus Salcher
Ci gaban 'yan wasa
Saboda yanayin wasanni na danginsa Markus an yi ƙoƙari na farko akan skis a farkon rayuwarsa. Lokacin da yake da shekaru uku kacal an fara kunna skis a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta gida (SV Tröpolach a yankin Nassfeld skiing) da iyalinsa sun taimaka wajen bunkasa fasaha mai zurfi da kuma sha'awar wasanni da wuri. An sami gogewar tseren farko tun yana ɗan shekara biyar lokacin da Markus ya fara fafatawa a gasar tseren gudun kan gida da takwarorinsu marasa nakasa. Ko da yake waɗannan tseren na farko ba su yi nasara da yawa ba, sha'awar neman ƙwararrun sana'a a matsayin ƙwararren ski bai ragu ba. Tuntuɓar farko zuwa fagen ƙwararrun wasannin nakasassu an yi su ne a lokacin hunturu na 2000. Tun lokacin lokacin sanyi na 2003/2004 Markus ya kasance memba na ƙwaƙƙwaran ɗan wasa na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na Tarayyar Skiing ta Australiya (ÖSV). Baya ga burin Markus da kwazon kai, Makarantar Sakandare ta Wasanni (SSLK Klagenfurt) na bukatar a ba shi babban kaso a ci gaban kwarewar matashin dan wasa na sirri da na motsa jiki, tun daga shirye-shiryen horar da kwararru na farko zuwa ga karɓuwa cikin Ƙungiyar Skiing ta Ƙasar Austria.
Nigeria, Muna Godiya
Tarihi
Wakar kasa ta biyu mai suna “Tashi ya ku ‘yan uwa” ta maye gurbin “Najeriya, Mu gaishe ka” a shekarar 1978.
Cibiyar Ahmed Baba
Rubutun hannu
Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da shirin na ƙididdige rubuce-rubucen, wanda Norway da Luxembourg ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar UNESCO, tare da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan daga cikinsu da aka bincika tun daga watan Janairu 2013.
Abubakar shehu lawal giwa
Aure
Abbakar yana da mata daya da Yara biyar suna zaune a cikin garin kaduna da iyalanshi.
Cibiyar Ahmed Baba
Konewa
A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2013, yayin da sojojin Mali karkashin jagorancin Faransa suka kwace filin jirgin saman Timbuktu, inda 'yan kishin Islamar Abzinawa da suka tsere suka kona ginin da suke amfani da shi a matsayin wurin kwana. Kafin da kuma lokacin aikin, an adana fiye da Rubutun Timbuktu 300,000 daga Cibiyar da kuma daga ɗakunan karatu masu zaman kansu kuma an ƙaura zuwa wurare masu aminci. A cikin watan Yuli 2014 UNESCO ta shiga Cibiyar Ahmed Baba a cikin gaggawar neman taimakon kuɗi don adanawa, maido, da ƙididdige rubutun.
Nigeria, Muna Godiya
Waƙoƙi
Namu masoyi ƙasar haihuwa
Ko da yake kabilanci da harshe na iya bambanta
A cikin 'yan uwantaka mun tsaya
'Yan Najeriya duka, suna alfahari da yin hidima
Mahaifiyar mu mai martaba.
Tutar mu za ta zama alama
Wannan gaskiya da adalci suna mulki
A cikin aminci ko yaƙi girmama',
Kuma wannan muna ƙidaya a matsayin riba,
Don mika wa yaranmu
Banner ba tare da tabo ba.
Ya Ubangijin dukkan halitta
Mohamed El Shenawy
Mohamed El Sayed Mohamed El Shenawy Gomaa (Larabci: محمد السيد محمد الشناوي جمعة; an haife shi 22 Disamba 1988) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Masar wanda ke buga wa Al Ahly da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida.
Ya fara taka leda a matsayin matashi a kungiyar Al Ahly amma an sake shi a shekarar 2009, inda ya koma Tala'ea El Gaish. Ya shafe lokaci a matsayin aro tare da Haras El Hodoud kafin ya koma Petrojet a shekarar 2013. Ya koma Al Ahly a watan Yulin 2016 sannan ya raba Sherif Ekramy da matsugunai, ana masa kallon daya daga cikin masu tsaron gida mafi kyau a Afirka. Ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Premier sau 3 a jere a Masar 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19 da 2019-20 da 2 a jere CAF Champions League seasons 2019-20 da 2020-21
Nigeria, Muna Godiya
Waƙoƙi
Ka ba da wannan buƙatunmu ɗaya.
Mohamed Elneny
Rayuwa ta sirri
Elneny musulmi ne mai kishin addini.
Mutanen Bono
Bono, wanda kuma ake kira Brong da Abron, mutanen Akan ne na yammacin Afirka. Bonos yawanci ana yiwa alama Akan piesie ko Akandifo wanda Akan sunan asalinsa ne. Bono shine asali da shimfiɗar jariri na Akans. Bono na ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilar Akan mafi girma kuma ƴan matan aure ne. Mutanen Bono suna magana da Bono Twi na yaren Akan. Harshen Twi, don haka yaren Bono ya samo asali ne daga Sarkin Bono Nana Twi. A karshen karni na goma sha biyar, al'ummar Bono suka kafa masarautar Gyaaman a matsayin fadada jihar Bono a yanzu Ghana da Cote d'Ivoire.
A cikin karni na 12 lokacin da Bonos ya gano zinari a kogin Twi da Prabom a hayin kogin Tain, Bonos ya zama mai karfin gaske saboda arzikinsa na zinare a Bonoman. Bonos ya yi amfani da ƙurar zinari a matsayin ma'auni na kuɗi a Bonoman da kuma a kasuwanni daban-daban na Djenne, Timbuktu da Arewacin Afirka .A mafi yawan lokuta, an yi amfani da ma'auni na zinariya (abramboo) don sanin yawan adadin zinariya da ya kamata a canza don kaya. An lura da mutanen Bono da fasaha wajen yin simintin tagulla, saƙa na yadi (gagawuga, kyenkyen da kente), tukwane da sauransu. Kusan 1471, lokacin da Portuguese suka isa gabar tekun Gold, Begho na Bonoman na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin biranen Afirka ta Yamma mai yawan jama'a 12,000.
Mohamed Elneny
Rayuwa ta sirri
A watan Yulin 2019, an gano gawar wani mutum, wanda ake kyautata zaton barawo ne da ke yunkurin satar igiyoyin lantarki, a gidan Elneny a El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Masar. Mahaifinsa ne ya gano gawar, inda nan take ya kai rahoton lamarin ga ‘yan sanda. Ana kyautata zaton wutar lantarki ce ta kama mutumin a kokarin satar igiyoyin.
A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2021, masu daukar nauyin Arsenal Lavazza sun fara "tattaunawar gaggawa" tare da kulob din bayan Elneny ya buga wani sakon twitter ga mabiyansa kusan miliyan 5, don nuna goyon baya ga Falasdinu yayin rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu na 2021, gami da hoton da da alama ya goge Isra'ila daga taswira. na Yammacin Asiya, ya maye gurbinsa da hotuna masu goyon bayan Falasdinu. Wannan ya haifar da martani daga kwamitin wakilai na Yahudawan Burtaniya.
Mutanen Bono
Bono Manso, wani birni mai tarihi, ya taka rawar gani sosai a cinikin bayi a tekun Atlantika, kuma a zamanin da, ƴan Afirka mazauna waje sukan ziyarci don ƙarin koyo game da tarihinsu. A al'adance, Bono ita ce cibiyar al'adun Akan, kuma yawancin al'adun Akan sun samo asali ne daga Bono, misali. dangi (abusua), ntoro, Akan ganguna (fontomfrom, atumpan), Akan nomenclature, laima da ake amfani da su don sarakuna, alamomin adinkra, whisk tashi, ƙaho na hauren giwa, kayan kai, takubban al'umma. Bonos yana yin raye-rayen gargajiya na Akan da yawa kamar Kete, Adowa, fontomfrom, da sauran raye-raye.
Etymology
Bono yana nufin "majagaba" ko "ɗan fari a ƙasar". A zamanin da, a cikin Bonos idan mace ta haihu a karon farko ana kiranta abonowoo.
Tarihi
Bonos yayi ƙaura daga tsohuwar Ghana. Sakamakon sanya su a wani aikin, sun gudu zuwa kudancin kogin Black Voltaire da gandun daji na tsakiyar Ghana don ci gaba da bautar Bono da ruhaniyarsu. Dangane da al'adar baka, wata damuwa ta Bonos ta fito daga wani rami da ake kira Amonwi kogon saboda girgizar kasa a Pinihini kusa da Fiema a jihar Nkoransa, kuma ya haɗu tare da tsohuwar rukunin a can. Tare da jagoran kasancewa Ohene Asaman tare da yin shawara tare da allahnsa (bosom buru / bosomuru) don jagora, allah ya shawarce shi ya gina birane ko jihohi. Don haka Allah ya samu sunansa na yabo na Biakuru, ma’ana “mai gina garuruwa”. Bonos ya ci gaba da gina wani gari mai suna Yefiri (a zahiri "muna fitowa daga cikin kogon"). Ohene Asaman na dangin falcon Ayoko da Bonohemaa Ameyaa Kesse sun gina wani gari a matsayin tsawo kuma suka sanya masa suna Bono Manso wanda ya zama babban birnin Bonoman tare da ƙungiyar dangi bakwai masu karfi. An sanya wa wasu ƙauyuka sunan abosom da suka mamaye ƙasar. Krontihene ya tsaya har yanzu a Yefiri. An ƙarfafa iyalan da suka zo tare su zauna ba tare da juna ba, a sassa daban-daban na yankin da aka samu.
Manufar Bonos na Bonoman (Jihar Bono)
A al’adance, a da, ba za a iya kafa kasa ba tare da uwar sarauniya ba, duk da cewa an kafa jihohi da yawa ba tare da sarki ba. Kamar yadda magajin ya kasance (kuma har yanzu) a cikin layin mata kuma kamar yadda kawai kakanni na uwa suka kasance (kuma ana girmama su), yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa mace ta jinin sarauta ta haifi jihar. Shi ya sa uwar gimbi ta mallaki jaha, kamar yadda uwa take da yaro. A koyaushe ana kallon sarauniya a matsayin ɗiyar wata ta Bonos, wanda ke wakiltar halayen mata na Nyame, Mafi Girma wanda ya halicci sararin samaniya ta hanyar haihuwar rana (Amowia). Don haka ana ɗaukar rana a matsayin ɗan wata kuma ana siffanta ta da Sungod. Saboda haka ana wakilta sarauniya a matsayin babbar allahntakar Uwar-moon, sarki a matsayin Sungod, da kuma jihar a matsayin sararin samaniya. Azurfa tana wakiltar hasken wata a matsayin kalar uwar sarauniya, kamar yadda zinariya, kalar rana, ke wakiltar sarki. An gane daga wani kusurwa, jikunan sama bakwai Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupitar, Venus da Saturn suna mulkin sama. Ƙabilu bakwai ko dangi na matrilineal suna wakiltar su a duniya kuma suna mulkin jihar.
Nigeria, Muna Godiya
Waƙoƙi
A taimake mu mu gina kasa
Inda ba a zaluntar mutum ba
Mohamed El Shenawy
Ya buga wasansa na farko a Masar a watan Maris na 2018 a wasan sada zumunci kuma an zabe shi a matsayin mai tsaron ragar tawagarsu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2018, inda ya buga wasanni biyu na farko.
Nigeria, Muna Godiya
Waƙoƙi
Haka kuma da zaman lafiya da yalwa
Suka
A lokacin da aka fara sanar da “Nigeria, Mu gaishe ka”, sabuwar wakar ta kasa ta fuskanci suka saboda wasu dalilai. Jaridar Daily Service, da Jaridar ƙungiyar Yarbawa ta Egbé Ọmọ Odùduwà, ta fara gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da taken ƙasar, wanda ya kai ga kafa wani kwamiti da zai tattara sa hannun a matsayin koke.
Hamza bin Husain
Hamzah bin Al Hussein, OSJ (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Maris 1980) shi ne ɗa na huɗu na Sarki Hussein bin Talal na Jordan gabaɗaya kuma na farko da matarsa ta huɗu da aka haifa a Amurka, Sarauniya Noor. An ba shi suna Yarima na Jordan a shekarar 1999, matsayin da ya rike har sai dan uwansa, Sarki Abdullah II, ya soke shi a shekara ta 2004. Shi memba ne na daular Hashemite, dangin sarauta na Jordan tun a shekarar 1921, kuma zuriyar Muhammad ce ta ƙarni na 41. A halin yanzu an yi imanin cewa Hamzah yana cikin tsare-tsare tun watan Afrilu na shekarar 2021, bayan an zarge shi da yunkurin lalata Masarautar Jordan da kuma tayar da tashin hankali. Hamzah ya yi watsi da matsayinsa na yarima a watan Afrilun 2022.
Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Maris 1980, Hamzah bin Al Hussein ya yi ikirarin kakanninmu tare da annabin Musulunci Muhammad ta hanyar iyalin Hashemite. Sarauniya Noor ta bayyana a cikin tarihin rayuwarta cewa ita da Sarki Hussein sun kira Hamzah bayan Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib.
Hamzah ya sami ilimin firamare a Jordan da Amman, sannan ya halarci Makarantar Harrow a Ingila. Daga nan sai ya shiga Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, ya fita a matsayin jami'in kwamishinan a cikin Jordan Arab Legion a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, tare da kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Sandhurst Overseas Sword, wanda aka ba wa mafi kyawun ɗan ƙasa da HRH Prince Saud Abdullah Prize, wanda aka gabatar wa ɗan ƙasa tare da mafi kyawun alamar duka a cikin batutuwa na ilimi.
Da yake aiki a matsayin jami'in rundunar sojin Larabawa ta 40th Armored Brigade, Hamzah ya halarci darussan soja da yawa a Jordan, Burtaniya, Poland, Jamus da Amurka. A halin yanzu yana riƙe da matsayin Brigadier a cikin Sojojin Larabawa na Jordan, ya yi aiki tare da rundunar Jordan-United Arab Emirates da ke aiki a tsohuwar Yugoslavia a ƙarƙashin laima na masu kiyaye zaman lafiya na duniya. A shekara ta 2006, ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Harvard.
An rantsar da Hamzah a matsayin Regent a lokuta da yawa kuma an ba shi izini ga Sarki Abdullah II a kan ayyuka da yawa a cikin Masarautar da kasashen waje. Ya jagoranci Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Royal a Sashin Makamashi. Har ila yau, shi ne Shugaban girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Jordan, kuma shi ne shugaban kwamitin amintattu na Gidan Tarihin Motar Royal, Shugaban Royal Aero Sports Club na Jordan da Shugaban Al-Shajarah (Tree) Protection Society.
Hamzah ƙwararren matukin jirgi ne mai juyawa da kuma matukin jirage, kuma yana shiga wasu wasanni kamar Jujitsu da harbi-harbi.
Batun Mayewa/Magaji
A ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1999, Sarki Hussein ya mutu kuma babban ɗansa Yarima Abdullah bin Al Hussein ya hau gadon sarautar Jordan, bayan da aka sanya makonni biyu a baya don ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai mulki a madadin ɗan'uwan sarki, Yarima Hassan bin Talal. A wannan rana, bisa ga sha'awar mahaifinsa, Sarki Abdullah II ya ba da umarnin cewa shi, bi da bi, ba ɗansa ba zai gaji shi ba amma ɗan'uwansa, Hamzah, wanda saboda haka aka ba shi taken yarima.
Kusan shekaru shida bayan haka, a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba 2004, Sarki Abdullah ya cire Hamzah a matsayin yarima. A cikin wata wasika daga Abdullah zuwa Hamzah, wanda aka karanta a gidan talabijin na jihar Jordan, ya ce, "Yana da wannan matsayi na alama ya hana 'yancinku kuma ya hana mu ba ku wasu nauyin da kuka cancanci cikawa".
Babu wanda ya gaji taken a lokacin, amma wasu masu sharhi sun yi imanin cewa mai yiwuwa ne cewa Abdullah ya yi niyyar sanya sunan ɗansa, Yarima Hussein, don ya gaji shi a wani lokaci a nan gaba. Mataki na 28 (B) na kundin tsarin mulkin Jordan ya ba da cewa ɗan fari na sarki ya gaji kambin kai tsaye a kan mutuwar sarki sai dai idan sarki ya sanya ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa ya gaji kujerarsa a matsayin yarima, amma Abdullah II ya tabbatar da cewa ɗansa Hussein zai gaji shi ta hanyar sanya shi a matsayin yariman kambin a ranar 2 ga watan Yulin 2009.
Gidan Yari
A ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu 2021, BBC ta buga bidiyon Hamzah inda ya ba da rahoton cewa an tsare shi a gidan yari a matsayin wani ɓangare na zalunci ga masu sukar. An bayyana cewa an ba da bidiyon ga BBC ta hanyar lauyan Hamzah. A ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu 2021, Sarki Abdullah II ya nuna a fili cewa tashin hankali da Hamzah, wanda ya yi alkawarin aminci a gare shi kwana biyu bayan da aka fara kama shi a gidansa, ya ƙare kuma Hamzah yanzu "a fadarsa a ƙarƙashin kariya ta". Abdullah ya kuma bayyana cewa rikicin da ya haifar da kama gidan Hamzah ya fara ne lokacin da shugaban ma'aikatan soja na Jordan ya ziyarci Hamzah kuma ya gargadi shi ya daina halartar tarurruka tare da masu sukar gwamnati. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, Hamzah ya bar matsayinsa na sarauta na yarima, yana mai cewa "gaskatawarsa ta mutum" ba ta dace da "hanyar, yanayin da hanyoyin zamani na cibiyoyinmu ba". Wata daya da ta gabata, an ruwaito cewa ya nemi gafara ga Sarki a cikin wata wasika, yana so ya "juya shafin a kan wannan babi a tarihin kasarmu da danginmu". A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, Sarki ya sanar da cewa an tsare Hamzah a gidansa kuma an iyakance hanyoyin sadarwa da motsinsa saboda "halayensa da burinsa".
Aure da iyali
Hamzah ya auri 'yar uwansa ta biyu, Princess Noor bint Asem bin Nayef, a Fadar Al Baraka a Amman a ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2003. An gudanar da bikin auren a ranar 27 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2004 a Fadar Zahran. Hamzah da Noor sun sake aure a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba 2009. Ma'auratan suna da 'yar:
A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 2012, Hamzah ya auri Basmah Bani Ahmad Al-Outom. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata hudu da' ya'ya maza biyu:
NAPPS
Kungiya ce masu zaman kansu ta kasa (National Association of Proprietors of Private Schools, NAPPS) ita ce kungiya mafi girma ta makarantu masu zaman kansu a Najeriya. Tana da rassa a jihohi talatin da shida, ako wacce jiha daga cikin jahohin Najeriya tana da reshe guda daya sannan kuma babban ofishin ta yana Abuja
Blaaz
Nabil Franck Assani (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1988), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mataki Blaaz, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na hip hop na Benin daga Kano, Najeriya.
Rayuwa ta farko da farawar aiki
A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha ɗaya, Blaaz ya yi sha'awar kiɗa. A farkon shekara ta 2006 ya fara rap a matsayin mawaki mai sauƙi. Amma wannan ba ya sha'awar mahaifiyarsa da farko saboda ba ta son ɗanta ya yi aiki a cikin kiɗa.
Kwarewarsa ta hanyar hadin gwiwa
Ya bayyana a karo na farko a cikin kundin Fool Faya a cikin 2007. A cikin wannan shekarar Blaaz ya bayyana tare da Cyano-gêne a kan "Hard lyrical" wanda ya biyo bayan "Alerte Rouge" wanda ya yi nasara sosai har Cotonou City Crew ya yanke shawarar yin aiki tare da shi. Kyakkyawan haɗin gwiwa ne wanda bai taɓa daina haɓaka mai zane ba wanda ya fara ta hanyar lura da shi ta hanyar " Ou est ma monnaie " na ƙungiyar CCC. A mixtape wanda kuma shi ne mafi sauke song na lokutan. Nasarar wannan ɗayan kuma ta kawo Blaaz a cikin 2008 tare da sakin ɗayan " Aller Retour " wanda kuma shine ɗayan da ya sanar da sakin kundi na farko mai suna Ghetto Blaazter a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2008. Mafi kyawun waƙa na 2008 tare da guda Aller Retour yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa a Benin. Ana buƙatar Blaaz a ko'ina a Benin da yankin da ke cikin gida don kide-kide da sauransu.... Daga 2008 har zuwa ƙarshen shekara ta 2010 mun same shi a cikin mixtape W.A.R. Abubuwa sun canza tare da lokaci kuma Blaaz ya yi tafiya zuwa Gabon don sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da lakabin gabonese Eben Entertainment a cikin 2011. Tare da Eben, ya nuna dawowarsa da Ya kuma kasance a kan mixtape na Eben Family 3 na ƙungiyar Eben Entertainment da aka sanar don 2012. Tare da Nouvelle Donne Music, rapper din Benin ya sanya hannu kan waƙarsa ta farko "Ne me laisse pas tomber ". Ya kuma ɗauki lakabin kansa: 意-Made-Men a cikin wannan shekarar 2012, wanda ya ba shi damar ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayi na uku a bayan ƙungiyar CCC rukunin mafi kyawun mai zane ko ƙungiyar shekara ta mujallar UMA a cikin 2013 ·. Blaaz zai yi wani
John Ntim Fordjour
Reverend John Ntim Fordjour dan siyasan Ghana ne kuma dan majalisar dokoki ta bakwai na jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu mai wakiltar mazabar Assin ta kudu a shiyyar tsakiya a kan tikitin New Patriotic Party. A halin yanzu yana rike da mukamin mataimakin ministan ilimi bayan Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo ya nada shi kuma ya samu amincewar majalisar.
Aiki
Shi ne mataimakin ministan ilimi na yanzu kuma dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Assin ta kudu na majalisar dokokin Ghana, shugaban kungiyar abokantaka ta majalisar dokokin Ghana da Kanada, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan ma'aikatun ribar riba da kuma memba. na kwamitin zaben majalisar dokoki kan harkokin kasashen waje. Shi ne Babban Fasto na VBCI Higher Heights Sanctuary a East Legon.
Siyasa
Fordjour memba ne na New Patriotic Party.
A zaben 2016, ya samu kuri’u 23,308 daga cikin sahihin kuri’u 39,887 da aka kada wanda ke wakiltar kuri’u 58.99% ya zama dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Assin ta Kudu.
A halin yanzu shi ne mataimakin shugaban kwamitin riko na mambobi da kuma memba na kwamitin harkokin waje a majalisa. John Ntim Fordjour memba ne na hukumar gudanarwa ta Ghana Integrated Iron & Steel Development Corporation (GIISDEC) kuma yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin saka hannun jari da dabaru na hukumar.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Fordjour yana da aure kuma yana da yara uku, dukansu mata. Shi Kirista ne.
Ƴancin koyo
'Yancin Koyo (FTL) shiri ne na ilimi na jaha a Michigan yana taimakawa makarantu ƙirƙirar ko samun babban aiki, yanayin ilmantarwa na ɗalibi ta hanyar samarwa kowane ɗalibi da malami damar aiki kai tsaye, Sannan daidaitaccen samun damar zuwa koyo aiki a ƙarni na 21.
An fara shirin ne a cikin shekarar 2002 lokacin da Majalisar Dokokin Michigan da gwamna suka sadaukar da kudade na jihohi da tarayya (Title II, D) zuwa Matakin Nuna Shirin. Ganin kyakkyawan sakamako na farko, jihar ta fadada shirin a cikin shekarata 2004. Michigan ta ware sama da dala miliyan 30 a cikin asusun tarayya da na jiha don haɗa sama da ɗalibai 23,000 a gundumomin makarantu 100 da gine-gine 191 - galibi makarantun tsakiya.
Burin farko na FTL
FTL tana ba da horo da albarkatun da ake buƙata don canza makarantu-kuma hakan yana yin haka. Sannan Ƙwararren ƙima kuma cikakke yana auna tasirin shirin don haɗa darussan da aka koya da mafi kyawun ayyuka - ana samun sakamako na farko akan gidan yanar gizon 'Yanci don Koyo.
Jerin Sunayen Mazaɓu na Ƙaramar Hukumar Bunkure
Karamar Hukumar Bunkure dake jahar kano Tana da Mazaɓu guda goma (10) a karkashinta. Ga jerin sunayen su kamar haka;
Namenj
Ali Jubril Namanjo wanda aka fi sani da suna Namenj, ɗan Najeriya ne kuma mawaƙin Afrobeat kuma marubucin waƙa haifaffen birnin Ibadan, jihar Oyo, Najeriya Album.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Namenj kuma ya girma a Ibadan, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Iyayensa sun fito ne daga arewacin Najeriya; mahaifinsa mutumin Kontagora ne a Jihar Neja, mahaifiyarsa daga Jihar Kano ,,,. Iyayen Namenj sun koma Ibadan, suna zaune a unguwar Hausawa, ana kiranta Sabi, inda aka haifi Namenj. Ya yi karatun firamare da sakandire a Ibadan.
Yayin girma, Namenj ya haɓaka da sha'awar kiɗa, sauraron waƙoƙin yamma na Westlife, Celine Dion da Dan Maraya. Yana magana da harsuna da yawa: Hausa, Yoruba, da Ingilishi. , Namenj yana karatu a National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Kano study centre.
Sana'a
Namenj ya fara rikodin kiɗa a cikin 2012. A shekarar 2015, ya yi wani fim a cikin harshen Hausa na Adekunle Gold 's hit "Orente", wanda ya dauki hankula sosai a shafukan sada zumunta. Tun shigarsa harkar waka, Namenj ya fitar da wakoki da dama.
Ya sami lambobin yabo don karrama waƙarsa, gami da lambar yabo ta emPawa Africa.
Fitowar Namenj sun haɗa da:
Dokar Inshora
Dokar inshora ita ce aikin doka da ke kewaye da inshora, gami da manufofin inshora da da'awar. Za a iya rarraba shi zuwa kashi uku - tsarin kasuwancin inshora; ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke cikin manufofin inshora, musamman game da manufofin mabukaci; da ka'idojin da'awa da hikima.
Tarihi
Sigar farko ta inshora mai yiwuwa inshorar ruwa ne, koda yake nau'ikan haɗin kai (inshorar ƙungiyar kai) ta wanzu kafin wannan. Inshorar ruwa ta samo asali ne daga 'yan kasuwa na Hanseatic league da masu kudi na Lombardy a cikin ƙarni na 12 da 13, an yi rikodin su da sunan Lombard Street a cikin Birnin London, kasuwar inshorar ciniki mafi tsufa. A waɗancan kwanakin farko, inshora ya kasance tare da faɗaɗa mercantilism, da bincike (da kuma amfani) na sabbin hanyoyin zinariya, azurfa, kayan yaji, furs da sauran kayayyaki masu daraja - gami da bayi - daga Sabuwar Duniya. Ga waɗannan 'yan kasuwa masu cin kasuwa, inshora shine "hanyar da ya faru cewa a kan hasarar ko halakar kowane jirgin ruwa ba ya biyo baya ga wani mutum ba, amma asarar ta fi sauƙi a kan mutane da yawa fiye da a kan 'yan kaɗan ... ’yan kasuwa, musamman ma na kanana, ana sha’awar su kara himma da son rai da ‘yanci.
Fadada cinikin tekun Ingilishi ya sanya Landan zama cibiyar kasuwar inshora wacce, a ƙarni na 18, ita ce mafi girma a duniya. Marubuta sun zauna a sanduna, ko sabbin shagunan kofi na zamani irin su wanda Edward Lloyd ke gudanarwa akan Titin Lombard, suna la'akari da cikakkun bayanai game da "kasanci" na 'yan kasuwa da ke nuna iyakar da za su raba kan kasadar da ke tattare da rubuta "scratch" na su. ko sanya hannu kan takardun da aka nuna musu.
A lokaci guda, alkali na ƙarni na goma sha takwas William Murray, Lord Mansfield, yana haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan ka'idar inshora har zuwa lokacin da ta kasance ba ta canzawa har zuwa yau - aƙalla idan ya shafi kasuwanci, kasuwancin da ba na mabukaci ba - a cikin hukunce-hukuncen gama-gari. Mansfield ya zana daga "hukumomin kasashen waje" da "'yan kasuwa masu hankali"
"Waɗanda manyan ka'idoji waɗanda za a iya la'akari da su a matsayin dokar gama-gari na teku, da kuma dokar gama gari ta 'yan kasuwa, waɗanda ya sami rinjaye a cikin duniyar kasuwanci, kuma kowace tambaya ta inshora ta kasance cikin sauƙi. Don haka ya shahara da hukunce-hukuncensa, don haka girmama su a cikin kasashen waje.”
A ƙarni na 19 na zama memba na Lloyd's an tsara shi kuma a cikin shekara ta 1871, an zartar da Dokar Lloyd, wanda ya kafa kamfani na Lloyd don zama wurin kasuwa ga membobin, ko "Sunaye". Kuma a farkon karni na ashirin, an tsara tsarin tsarin inshora na gaba ɗaya a cikin shekara ta 1904 a cikin Dokar Inshorar Marine ta 1906, tare da sakamakon cewa, tun daga wannan ranar, dokar inshora na ruwa da wadanda ba na ruwa ba sun bambanta, kodayake tushen asali. akan ka'idodin asali iri ɗaya.
Ka'idodin inshora
Hukunce-hukuncen dokokin gama gari a tsoffin membobin daular Burtaniya, gami da Amurka, Kanada, Indiya, Afirka ta Kudu, da Ostiraliya daga ƙarshe sun samo asali ne daga dokar Ingila da Wales. Abin da ke banbance hukunce-hukuncen shari'a da takwarorinsu na dokokin farar hula shi ne manufar dokar da alƙali ya kafa da kuma ka'idar yanke shawara - ra'ayin, a mafi sauƙi, cewa kotuna suna da alaƙa da hukunce-hukuncen kotunan da suka gabata na matsayi ɗaya ko mafi girma. A cikin mahallin dokar inshora, wannan yana nufin cewa hukunce-hukuncen alkalan kasuwanci na farko irin su Mansfield, Lord Eldon da Buller bound, ko kuma, a wajen Ingila da Wales, sun kasance aƙalla mai gamsarwa ga waɗanda suka gaje su suna la'akari da irin tambayoyin doka.
A cikin doka ta gama gari, ma'anar kwangilar inshorar kasuwanci shine canja wurin haɗarin da aka yi shawarwari cikin yardar kaina tsakanin takwarorinsu na ikon ciniki iri ɗaya, daidai da (ko a'a) kariyar kotuna. Marubucin yana da fa'ida, ta hanyar tsara sharuddan manufofin, na zayyana madaidaicin iyakokin rufewa. Wanda ake son inshora yana da daidai kuma akasin fa'ida na sanin takamaiman haɗarin da ake shirin yin inshorar daki-daki fiye da yadda mai rubutawa zai iya samu. Tsakanin yanke shawara na inshora na kasuwanci na Ingilishi, don haka, su ne ka'idodin da aka haɗa da cewa mai rubutawa yana ɗaure ga sharuɗɗan manufofinsa; kuma cewa hadarin yana kamar yadda aka kwatanta masa, kuma babu wani abu na abin da ya yanke shawarar inshorar da ya ɓoye ko ɓarna a gare shi.
A cikin dokar farar hula, inshorar inshora ya kasance yana da alaƙa da kariya ga masu rauni, maimakon a matsayin na'ura don ƙarfafa kasuwancin ta hanyar yaduwar haɗari. Civil law hukunce-hukuncen - a cikin sosai general sharuddan - ayan tsara abun ciki na inshora yarjejeniya a hankali, kuma mafi a cikin ni'imar da insured, fiye da na kowa shari'a hukunce-hukuncen, inda insurer ne wajen mafi kyau kariya daga yiwuwar cewa hadarin ga wanda ya karɓi ƙima na iya zama mafi girma fiye da abin da aka yi ciniki da shi. A sakamakon haka, yawancin tsarin shari'a a duk duniya suna amfani da ka'idodin doka na gama gari don yanke hukunci game da takaddamar inshorar kasuwanci, ta yadda aka yarda cewa mai insurer da masu inshorar sun kasance mafi ko žasa daidaitattun abokan tarayya a cikin rarraba nauyin tattalin arziki na haɗari.
Menene Manyan Ka'idodin Inshora?
Akwai manyan ƙa'idoji guda 7 na Inshora, waɗanda aka yi bayaninsu a ƙasa sune kamar haka:
Haƙƙoƙin Ma'aikata a cikin Masana'antar Tattara Nama ta Amurk
Haƙƙoƙin ma'aikata a cikin masana'antar tattara nama ta Amurka ana tsara su ne ta Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa (NLRB), wacce ke tsara ƙungiyar. Tsaro da Lafiya ta Ma'aikata tana tsara yanayin aminci da lafiyar da ya dace ga ma'aikata a cikin masana'antar tattara nama ta Amurka. A cewar masana masana'antar tattara nama ta Amurka, duk da ka'idojin tarayya ta hanyar OSHA da sa ido kan masana'antu, ma'aikata a masana'antar samar da nama ba su da ƙarancin hukuma da ƙarancin kariya. Ma'aikata a cikin masana'antu suna yin ayyuka masu wuyar gaske a cikin yanayi masu haɗari, kuma suna cikin haɗari mai mahimmanci don cutar da jiki da ta hankali. Baya ga yawan raunin da ake samu, ma'aikata na cikin haɗarin rasa ayyukansu lokacin da suka ji rauni ko don ƙoƙarin tsarawa da yin ciniki tare. Yawancin bincike na masana'antar sun gano ma'aikatan baƙi - "yawan kaso na yawan ma'aikata a cikin masana'antar" - musamman a cikin haɗarin rashin samun cikakkiyar kariya ta haƙƙin aikinsu.
Dokar Inshora
Riba da lamuni mara nauyi
Yawancin, kuma har zuwa 2005 duka, hukunce-hukuncen shari'a na gama gari suna buƙatar mai inshorar samun sha'awa mai ƙima a cikin batun inshorar. Ribar da ba ta da tabbas ita ce dangantaka ta doka ko daidaito tsakanin mai inshorar da abin da ya shafi inshorar, dabam da kasancewar dangantakar inshora, wanda wanda insured ɗin zai kasance da ƙiyayya da abin da ya faru na abin da ya faru, ko akasin haka zai ɗauki amfana da rashin faruwarsa. An daɗe da riƙe sha'awar da ba za ta iya zama dole ba a cikin kwangilolin inshora don bambance su, a matsayin kwangilolin da za a iya aiwatarwa, daga yarjejeniyoyin caca da ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba (daure "a cikin girmamawa kawai) da kuma kashe al'adar, a cikin ƙarni na sha bakwai da goma sha takwas, na fitar da manufofin rayuwa. akan rayuwar baki. An cire abin da ake buƙata don sha'awar insured a cikin dokar Ingilishi ba na ruwa ba, mai yiwuwa ba da gangan ba, ta tanadin Dokar Caca ta 2005 .Ya a dokar inshorar ruwa da sauran tsarin dokokin gama gari, duk da haka; kuma ƴan tsarin dokoki ne za su ba da damar mai insho ya murmure dangane da lamarin da bai haifar da hasara ta gaske ba, ko an dogara da koyarwar sha'awa ta insurance, ko kuma kamar yadda yake a cikin tsarin dokokin gama gari, kotuna sun dogara da ƙa'idar. na diyya don ɗauka cewa mai insho ba zai iya dawowa fiye da asararsa na gaskiya ba.
Haƙƙoƙin Ma'aikata a cikin Masana'antar Tattara Nama ta Amurk
Halayen masana'antar samar da nama ta Amurka
A cikin masana'antar samar da nama, an ayyana "cin nama" a matsayin "dukkan samar da kayan nama ciki har da sarrafa dabbobi." Wannan ya haɗa da samar da naman sa, naman alade, kaji, da kifi. Iyakar masana'antar samar da nama ta Amurka tana da girma; tana yanka da sarrafa dabbobi sama da biliyan 10 a kowace shekara. Tun daga 2004, kamfanoni huɗu suna sarrafa masana'antar samar da nama ta Amurka da gaske. Rushewa, kamfanoni sun gudanar da 81% na samar da naman sa, 59% na samar da naman alade da 50% na kasuwar kaji. A cikin masana'antar kiwon kaji, Tyson da Perdue suna sarrafa kowane mataki na samar da kaji, daga kiwon kajin zuwa jigilar nama zuwa shagunan kayan abinci.
Dokar Inshora
Mafi kyawun imani
Koyarwar uberrimae fides - mafi kyawun bangaskiya - tana nan a cikin dokar inshora na duk tsarin dokokin gama gari. Kwangilar inshora kwangila ce ta bangaskiya mai kyau. Mafi mahimmancin furci na wannan ƙa'idar, a ƙarƙashin koyaswar kamar yadda aka fassara shi a Ingila, shine mai inshorar mai zuwa dole ne ya bayyanawa mai insure daidai duk abin da ya sani kuma shine ko zai zama abu ga mai insurer. Wani abu abu ne idan zai rinjayi mai insurer mai hankali wajen tantance ko rubuta haɗari, kuma idan haka ne akan waɗanne sharuddan. Idan ba a gaya wa mai insurer duk wani abu game da haɗarin ba, ko kuma idan an yi ɓarna a cikin kayan, mai insurer na iya guje wa (ko "sake") manufar, watau mai insurer na iya ɗaukar manufofin kamar yadda ba ta da tushe daga farkon, dawo da ƙimar kuɗi. biya. Kwangilolin da aka sake dawo da su (tsakanin masu reinsurers da masu insurers/cedents) suna buƙatar mafi girman matakin bangaskiya mai kyau, kuma irin wannan kyakkyawan bangaskiyar ana ɗaukar ginshiƙi na reinsurance. Domin yin reinsurance mai araha, mai reinsurer ba zai iya kwafin rubutaccen insurer mai tsada da kuma da'awar kula da farashi ba, kuma dole ne ya dogara da cikakkiyar fayyace da gaskiya na mai insurer. A sakamakon haka, mai reinsurer dole ne ya yi bincike da kyau kuma ya biya biyan kuɗin da'awar na gaskiya na mai insurer, bin dukiyar cedent.
Haƙƙoƙin Ma'aikata a cikin Masana'antar Tattara Nama ta Amurk
Halayen masana'antar samar da nama ta Amurka
Da alama adadin dabbobin da aka yanka a masana'antar noman nama na karuwa. A cikin shekara ta 2010, an yanka kusan dabbobin kasa biliyan 10.2 da kuma kiwon su don abinci a Amurka. A cewar rahoton da Farm Animal Rights Movement, bisa bayanai daga Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA), waɗannan lambobi sun nuna karuwar 1.7% daga bayanan shekara ta 2009. An sami karuwar 0.9% a yawan jama'ar Amurka tsakanin shekara ta 2009 da shekara ta 2010, "ma'ana dabbobi [yanka] kowane mutum ya karu kadan" da 0.8%.
Dokar Inshora
Garanti
A cikin kwangilolin kasuwanci gabaɗaya, garanti shine ƙayyadaddun kwangila, ketare wanda ke ba da haƙƙin diyya shi kaɗai; alhãli kuwa sharadi shi ne batun batun kwangilar, wanda idan yanayin bai gamsu ba, kwangilar ba za ta ɗaure ba. Sabanin haka, garantin gaskiya ko yanayin al'amura a cikin kwangilar inshora, da zarar an keta shi, ya kori mai insure daga abin alhaki a ƙarƙashin kwangilar daga lokacin da aka keta; yayin da keta wani yanayi kawai ke haifar da da'awar diyya kawai.
Haƙƙoƙin Ma'aikata a cikin Masana'antar Tattara Nama ta Amurk
Kididdigar alƙaluma na Meatpacker
Yayin da aikin noma na Amurka ya dogara da ma'aikatan ƙaura a ƙarnin da ya gabata, dubban baƙi, galibi daga Mexico, Guatemala, da El Salvador, yanzu suna tafiya arewa don yin aiki a wuraren yanka da masana'antar sarrafa nama. A cewar wani bincike a cikin Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, "mafi yawan ma'aikatan da suke yin nama matalauta ne, da yawa baƙi ne da ke gwagwarmayar rayuwa, kuma yawancin yanzu suna aiki a yankunan karkara." A cikin shekara ta 1998, Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice da Bayar da Halittu ta ƙiyasta cewa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na ma'aikatan tattara nama a Nebraska da Iowa baƙi ne ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. USDA ta buga irin waɗannan lambobi, tana ƙididdige adadin ma'aikatan sarrafa nama na Hispanic sun tashi daga ƙasa da 10% a cikin 1980 zuwa kusan 30% a cikin shekara ta 2000. Rashin haƙƙin ma’aikatan da ba su da takardun aiki ya sa jama’a ba za su iya ganin su ba. Bugu da kari, bin hukuncin Kotun Koli na 2002 a Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta Kasa
Dokar Inshora
Dokokin kamfanonin inshora
Dokokin inshora da ke gudanar da kasuwancin inshora galibi ana nufin tabbatar da rashin ƙarfi na kamfanonin inshora. Don haka, wannan nau'in ƙa'ida yana gudanar da tsarin ƙima, tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare, ƙimar kuɗi da sauran matakai daban-daban na "ofishin baya".