cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Tuffa
Tarihi
Itacen tuffa na daga cikin itacen farko da aka fara nomawa. 'Ya'yan itacen ta sun fi shekaru dubbai kyau. Ance Alexander the Great ya gano tuffa dwarf a Asiya orarama a 300 BC. Asiya da Turai sun yi amfani da tuffa na hunturu a matsayin abinci mai mahimmanci na dubunnan shekaru. Daga lokacin da Turawa suka iso, Ajantina da Amurka sun yi amfani da tuffa a matsayin abinci ma. An kawo apples zuwa Arewacin Amurka a cikin 1600s. A farko apple gõnaki a Arewacin Nahiyar Amirka da aka ce ya zama kusa Boston a 1625. A cikin 1900s, masana'antun 'ya'yan itace masu tsada, inda apple ke da matukar mahimmanci, sun fara haɓaka.
Maguzanci
A cikin tarihin Norse, allahiya Iðunn tana ba da tuffa ga alloli a cikin Prose Edda (wanda aka rubuta a ƙarni na 13 da Snorri Sturluson ) wanda ya sa su matasa har abada. Masanin Ingilishi HR Ellis Davidson ya ba da shawarar cewa tuffa suna da alaƙa da ayyukan addini a cikin maguzancin Jamusawa. Daga can ne, ta yi ikirarin, cewa arna na Norse ya ci gaba. Ta nuna cewa an gano bokitin tuffa a wurin da aka binne jirgin na Oseberg a Norway. Ta kuma yi tsokaci cewa an gano fruita fruitan itace da goro (an bayyana I (unn da canzawa zuwa na goro a Skáldskaparmál ) a cikin kabarin farko na mutanen Jamusawa a Ingila . An kuma gano su a wani wuri a cikin nahiyar Turai. Ta ba da shawarar cewa wannan na iya kasancewa yana da ma'ana ta alama . Kwayoyi har yanzu alama ce ta haihuwa a Kudu maso Yammacin Ingila.
Dafa abinci
Wani lokaci ana cin tuffa bayan an dafa shi. Sau da yawa ana cin tuffa ba tare da an dafa ba. Hakanan ana iya sanya tuffa a cikin abubuwan sha.
Naman 'ya'yan itacen yana da ƙarfi tare da ɗanɗano ko'ina daga tsami zuwa mai daɗi. Tuffa da aka yi amfani da su don girki suna da tsami, kuma suna buƙatar dafa shi da sukari, yayin da sauran tuffa suna da daɗi, kuma ba sa bukatar girki. Akwai wasu tsaba a cibiya, waɗanda za a iya cire su da kayan aikin da ke cire ainihin, ko ta amfani da wuƙa a hankali.
Sunan kimiyya na itacen apple na jinsin da ke cikin harshen Latin shine Malus. Yawancin apples waɗanda mutane ke girma da su na Malus domestica ne.
Ana kuma sanya tuffa a cikin ruwan apple na apple da cider. Yawancin lokaci, cider ya ƙunshi ɗan barasa, kusan kamar giya. Yankunan Brittany a Faransa da Cornwall a Ingila an san su da apple ciders.
Yadda ake shuka Tuffa
Akwai fiye da 7.500 da aka sani cultivars (iri) na apples. Akwai nau'o'in noma daban-daban don yanayin yanayi mai yanayi da yanayi. Largeayan tarin kayan gona na kayan lambu sama da 2,100 Frua Fruan ita Fruan Nationalasa a Englandasar Ingila. Yawancin waɗannan nau'o'in noman suna girma ne don cin sabo (tuffa mai zaki). Koyaya, wasu suna girma ne kawai don girki ko yin cider. Cider apples yawanci ma tart ci nan da nan. Koyaya, suna ba cider dandano mai ɗanɗano wanda apples ɗin zaƙi ba za su iya ba.
Mafi yawan shahararrun nau'ikan Tuffa suna da taushi amma mai kaifi. Hakanan ana buƙatar fata mai launi, saukin jigilar kaya, juriya na cuta, siffar ' Red Delicious ', da shahararren ɗanɗano. Tuffa na zamani yawanci sun fi na tsofaffin ɗakunan girki. Wannan saboda shahararrun dandano a cikin tuffa sun zama daban. Yawancin Arewacin Amurka da Turawa suna jin daɗin tuffa mai zaki. Tuffa mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano tare da wuya kowane ɗanɗano na acid ya shahara a Asiya da Indiya.
A Ƙasar Ingila
A kasar Ingila akwai kusan nau'ikan Tuffa iri 3000. Mafi yawan nau'in tuffa da ake shukawa a Ingila shine 'Bramley seedling', wanda shahararren Tuffa ne mai dafa abinci.
Lambunan Tuffa ba su da yawa kamar yadda suke a farkon shekarun 1900, lokacin da ba safai ake kawo apple daga wasu ƙasashe ba. Kungiyoyi irin su Common Ground suna koyar da mutane game da mahimmancin ofa ofan itace da ƙananan ofa fruitan itace.
A Arewacin Amurka
Yawancin Tuffa suna girma a cikin yankuna masu yanayi na Amurka da Kanada. A wurare da yawa inda noman Tuffa yake da mahimmanci, mutane suna da babban biki:
Rukuni
Tuffa suna cikin ƙungiyar Maloideae. Wannan shi ne wani subfamily na iyali Rosaceae. Suna cikin gida iri ɗaya da pears.
Cape Verde escudo
Ana rubuta adadin gabaɗaya ta amfani da cifrão azaman mai raba goma, kamar   don 20 escudos, ko   na 1000.
Tarihi
escudo ya zama kudin Cape Verde a cikin 1914. Ya maye gurbin ainihin Cape Verde a farashin réis 1000 = 1 saqo. Har zuwa 1930, Cape Verde ta yi amfani da tsabar kudi na Portuguese, kodayake Banco Nacional Ultramarino ya ba da takardun banki musamman don Cape Verde tun daga 1865.
Har zuwa 'yancin kai a 1975, Cape Verde escudo daidai yake da escudo na Portuguese. Daga baya, ya ragu, ya ragu da kusan kashi 30 cikin ɗari a 1977-78 da ƙarin kashi 40 cikin ɗari a 1982-84. Bayan haka, ya kasance daidai gwargwado a kan escudo na Portuguese.
A tsakiyar 1998 yarjejeniya tare da Portugal sun kafa ƙimar escudo na Portuguese 1 = 0.55 Cape Verdean escudos. Tun lokacin da aka maye gurbin escudo na Portuguese tare da Yuro, Cape Verdean escudo an haɗa shi zuwa Yuro a farashin 1 EUR = 110.265 CVE. Wannan peg yana samun goyan bayan wani wurin bashi daga gwamnatin Portugal.
Tsabar kuɗi
A ƙarƙashin mulkin Portuguese, an ƙaddamar da tsabar kudi a cikin 1930 a cikin ƙungiyoyi na 5, 10, 20 da 50 centavos da 1 escudo. An buga centavos 5, 10 da 20 a cikin tagulla yayin da centavos 50 da escudo 1 sun kasance cikin nickel-bronze. A 1953, Bronze 1 escudo, nickel-bronze An gabatar da escudos da azurfa 10 escudos, sannan aka gabatar da escudos 50 na tagulla da nickel-bronze 5 escudos a 1968.
Bayan 'yancin kai, an ba da tsabar kudi a cikin 1977 a cikin ƙungiyoyi na 20 da 50 centavos, 1,, 10, 20 da 50 escudos. Centavo tsabar kudi sun kasance aluminium, 1 da  escudos sun kasance nickel-bronze kuma manyan ƙungiyoyin sun kasance kofi-nickel. Yayin da hauhawar farashin kaya ya ci gaba, tsabar kudi centavo suna ɓacewa a hankali daga wurare dabam dabam kuma a lokacin da aka sabunta tsabar kudin tsabar kudin escudo 1 ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a wurare dabam dabam.
An gabatar da tsabar kudin yanzu a cikin 1994. Mafi ƙanƙanta shine escudo-plated-karfe 1 escudo, kodayake 1 escudo baya yawo da kyau kuma masu siyarwa sukan zagaya zuwa biyar mafi kusa a aikace. Wannan tsabar ta zo ne da salo ɗaya kawai, mai ɗauke da kunkuru na teku, yayin da sauran ƙungiyoyin suka zo da salo guda uku. Waɗannan su ne escudos-steel-steel 5, nickel-plated-steel 10, 20 da 50 escudos, da bimetallic, decagonal 100 escudos. Jerin zane-zane guda uku suna da ɗaya da ke nuna dabbobin gida (Tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe), na biyun na jiragen ruwa na tarihi ne tare da sunayensu, kuma na ƙarshe na tsiro da ferns na asali. An ba da tsabar escudo Heptagonal 200 a cikin 1995 don tunawa da cika shekaru 50 na FAO da shekaru 20 na 'yancin kai. Wani tsabar escudo 200, an fitar da wannan zagayen ne a shekara ta 2005 don tunawa da cika shekaru 30 da samun 'yancin kai. Zagayawa na tsabar kudin escudo 200 bai cika yaɗuwa kamar sauran ƙungiyoyi ba amma har yanzu ana rarraba su da karɓa tare da bayanin escudo 200. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">]
Bayanan banki
A cikin 1914, Banco Nacional Ultramarino ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin ƙungiyoyi na 4, 5, 10, 20 da 50 centavos. A cikin 1921, an ba da bayanin kula don 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 da 100 escudos. Jerin bayanin kula na gaba, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1945, ya tsallake duk ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙasa da escudos 5 (waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da tsabar kuɗi) kuma sun haɗa da bayanan escudo 500. An maye gurbin bayanan escudo guda 10 da tsabar kudi a cikin 1953, tare da cire bayanin escudo 5.
An gabatar da silsila ta uku a cikin 1992 a cikin ƙungiyoyin 200, 500, 1000, tare da ƙari a cikin 1999 na 2000  da 5000  bayanan escudo. A cikin 2005, an sake fasalin bayanin kula na 200 escudo, sannan 500  da 1000  biyo baya a cikin 2007.
A ranar 22 ga Disamba, 2014, Banco de Cabo Verde ya gabatar da sabon jerin takardun kudi waɗanda ke girmama mutanen Cape Verde a fagen adabi, kiɗa, da siyasa. Ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi na 200, 1,000 da 2,000 escudos da aka bayar a cikin 2014, tare da tsohon yanzu an buga shi akan polymer, da takardun banki na 500 da 5,000 escudos da aka bayar a cikin 2015.
Ƙofar Ƙwaya
Kofa kwaya tarihi ya nuna cewa ta samo asali ne daga wani Basaraken Habe mai suna Sarkin kwaya, wanda ke mulki a wani gari da ake kira kwaya, da ke kudu da birnin jihar Katsina.
Aikin da yake yi wannan Basarake shi ne, sama wa Sarki hatsi, kamar irinsu su dawa da gero da sauransu, domin amfanin gidan Sarkin a wan nan lokaci.
Tarihi
An ce, ta ita wannan kofar kwaya ce Wali Jodoma, wanda Sarkin Katsina na lokacin ya kora, ya bi ya fita ya bar jihar katsina
Aisha Salaudeen
Aisha Salaudeen (an haife ta ranar 26 ga Satumban shekarar 1994) 'yar Najeriya ce ma'aikaciyar jarida, mai fafutukar kwatar hakkin mata, kuma marubuci ya wadda a halin yanzu tana aiki ne tare da CNN. A shekarar 2020, ta samu lambar yabo ta Gwarzuwar Afirka a fannin labarai. Ta kasance baƙuwa mai jawabi a taron adabi na Ake Arts and Book Festival a shekarata 2020.
Ƙofar Ƙwaya
Tarihi
Tarihi ya nuna cewa, da shi wannan Waliyyin ya fita, sai ya juya baya ya tsine wa kofar ya ce, “ba za a yi wani abin kirki a kofar ba, sai bayan karni guda.
Aisha Salaudeen
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Aisha Salaudeen a garin Jos, jihar Filato, a Najeriya. Ta bar kasar ne a shekarar 2012 inda ta karanci ilimin kasuwanci a jami’ar Bradford, ta kasar Ingila.
Ƙofar Ƙwaya
Tarihi
Ga yadda Katsinawa ke cewa, kusan kowace kofa ta sami ci gaba aman banda kofar kwaya.
To, amma yanzu din nan, da take ci gaba karni guda ne ya cika.
Ita ce yanzun xaka iya bi kaje Dutsinma, Runka, Kankara, Funtua Zaria, kaduna, Abuja da Sauransu.
Masallacin Shitta-Bey
Masallacin Shitta-Bey masallaci ne da kuma cibiyar koyar da addinin musulunci a Legas. Yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin masallatai a Najeriya. Masallacin yana a filin Martins Ereko, a Tsibirin Legas a jihar Legas, Nijeriya. An kafa shi ne a shekarar 1892, sannan Hukumar kula da kayan tarihi ta Nijeriya ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ginin tarihi a shekarar 2013.
Abiodun Koya
Abiodun (Abby) Koya (An haife ta a 22 ga Disamba 1980) yar wasan gargajiya / opera, marubuciyar waƙa, mawaƙiya, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma taimakon jama'a ce wadda ke zaune a Amurka. Tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun mawaƙan wasan opera waɗanda suka fito daga Afirka. Abiodun Koya ya yi rawar gani a Fadar White House, a bikin rantsar da Shugaban kasa da kuma Babban Taron Demokradiyya. An haife ta ne a jihar Ogun ta Najeriya, mahaifinta ya karfafa gwiwa, wanda ya gabatar mata da kade-kade lokacin da take da shekaru uku, Koya ta zama mai sha'awar waka lokacin da ta cika shekara shida, tana kada goge da rera wakokin gargajiya a coci. Ta bar Nijeriya a 2001 zuwa Amurka inda ta karanci Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a Jami’ar Gundumar Columbia, Washington, D.C Ta ci gaba da karatun wakoki don digirinta na biyu a Jami’ar Katolika, Washington. D.C.
Koya tana shugabantar wata kungiyar agaji kuma tana gudanar da ayyukanta na bada shawarwari.
Manazarta
http://ladybrille.blogspot.lu/2008/05/africas-opera-divas-chinwe-enu-abiodun.html
http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/abiodun-koya-set-for-the-big-stage/
Wake
Al'adu
Wakes mako, al'adar biki na Ingilishi
Parish Wake, wani suna na Welsh gŵyl mabsant, bukin da aka gudanar akan bukin shekara-shekara na majibincin Ikklesiya.
Bukky Ajayi
Zainab Bukky Ajayi (2 ga Fabrairu 1934 – 6 July 2016) ƴar fim ce ƴar Najeriya.
Rayuwa da aiki
Bukky Ajayi an haife ta kuma ta girma a Najeriya amma ta kammala karatunta a Ingila, United Kingdom a bayan tallafin karatun gwamnatin tarayya. A 1965, ta bar Ingila zuwa Najeriya inda aikinta ya fara a matsayin mai gabatarwa da kuma bayar da labarai ga Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya a shekarar 1966. Ta kasance fim ɗinta na farko a cikin shirin talabijin Village Headmaster a lokacin '70s kafin ta ci gaba da fitowa a cikin Checkmate, wani shirin talabijin na Najeriya wanda aka gabatar a karshen shekarun 1980 zuwa farkon 1990s.
A lokacin da take wasan kwaikwayo, ta fito a fina-finai da sabulai da dama ciki har da Aikin Mahimmanci, Zoben Diamond, Mayu da sauransu. A shekarar 2016, an gano irin gudummawar da ta bayar a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya bayan ita da Sadiq Daba an ba su lambar yabo ta Masana'antu a Gwarzon Afirka na Masu sihiri na 2016 .
Amadou Cissé
Amadou Boubacar Cissé (an haife shi a shekarar 1948 ) ɗan siyasan Nijar ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Ministan Nijar a lokuta biyu, daga ranar 8 zuwa ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1995 ya kuma sake zama minista daga ranar 21 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1996 zuwa ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1997. Ya jagoranci wata kungiyar siyasa, Union for Democracy and the Republic (UDR-Tabbat), tun daga shekarar 1999, sannan kuma aka nada shi Karamin Ministan Tsare-tsare a shekarar 2011.
Mansuri-ye Vosta
Mansuri-ye Vosta ( Persian , kuma Romanized kamar Manşūrī-ye Vosţá ; wanda aka fi sani da Aḩshām-e Bakhshū'ī, Manşīreya, Manşīrīā, da Manşūrī )  wani ƙauye ne a cikin Gundumar Ahram, a cikin Gundumar Tsakiya ta Gundumar Tangestan, Lardin Bushehr, Iran. A ƙidayar jama'a a shekara ta 2006, yawan jama'arta sunkai kimanin mutum 67, a cikin iyalai 18.
Amadou Cissé
Harkar siyasa
Cissé, memba ne na ƙabilar Fula, an haife shi a Yamai. Ya fara aiki da Bankin Duniya a shekarar 1982, da farko a Nijar, amma ya fara a shekarar 1983 ya kasance yana Washington, DC, a Amurka. A Bankin Duniya ya kasance mai kula da ayyukanta na Afirka ta tsakiya, yana ma'amula da shirye-shiryen dai-daita tsarin da taimako.
Biyo bayan zaben majalisar dokoki na watan Janairun shekarar 1995, wanda kawancen National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD) da Jamhuriyar Nijar ta Demokradiyya da Gurguzu (PNDS) suka lashe, mafi rinjayen majalisar ya kunshi masu adawa da Shugaba Mahamane Ousmane. Maimakon gabatar da sunaye uku ga Ousmane, wanda daga cikinsu zai zabi Firayim Minista, mafi rinjaye sun gabatar da Hama Amadou a matsayin dan takararta tilo. Karyata wannan, Ousmane ya zaɓi Cissé a matsayin Firayim Minista. Kamar Amadou, Cissé memba ne na MNSD, amma mafi rinjaye na majalisar sun ƙi nadin nasa kwata-kwata, kuma MNSD ba da daɗewa ba ta fitar da shi daga jam'iyyar saboda karɓar matsayin. Bayan makonni biyu, Ousmane ya nada Hama Amadou a matsayin Firayim Minista, ya maye gurbin Cissé, wanda ya sha kaye a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, tare da wakilai 43 da ke goyon bayan kudirin kuma 40 na adawa da shi. Masu adawa da kudirin sun ce ya sabawa kundin tsarin mulki saboda Cissé bai kafa gwamnati ba tukunna.
Hakkin Yan Asalin Kasa
Haƙƙin Ƴan Asalin Ƙasa Hakkoki ne na filaye da albarkatun ƙasa da ke cikin su, ko dai a ɗaiɗaiku ko a dunkule, galibi a cikin ƙasashen da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka. Haƙƙoƙin ƙasa da albarkatun ƙasa suna da mahimmancin mahimmanci ga ƴan asalin ƙasar saboda dalilai da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da: mahimmancin addini na ƙasar, zaɓin kai, ainihi, da abubuwan tattalin arziki. Filaye wata babbar kadara ce ta tattalin arziki, kuma a wasu al’ummomin ‘yan asalin kasar, yin amfani da albarkatun kasa na kasa da ruwa ne ke zama tushen tattalin arzikin gidansu, don haka bukatar mallakarsu ta samo asali ne daga bukatar tabbatar da samun damar samun wadannan albarkatun. Ƙasa kuma na iya zama muhimmiyar kayan gado ko alamar matsayin zamantakewa. A cikin al'ummomin ƴan asalin ƙasar da yawa, kamar a cikin yawancin al'ummar Australiya na Aboriginal, ƙasar wani muhimmin sashi ne na ruhinsu da tsarin imani.
Amadou Cissé
Harkar siyasa
Bayan wani juyin mulki da aka yi wa Ousmane a cikin Janairun shekarata 1996, wanda Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara ya jagoranta, an nada Cissé a matsayin Karamin Ministan Tattalin Arziki, Kudade da Tsare-tsare a watan Agusta shekarar 1996. Ranar 21 ga watan Disamba,shekarar 1996, ya sake zama Firayim Minista. An nada shi mataimakin shugaban jam’iyya mai mulki, Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP), a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 1997, a babban taron jam’iyyar na kasa. A ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1997, Maïnassara ya kori gwamnatinsa, wanda ya nada Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki ya maye gurbin Cissé a matsayin Firayim Minista.
Bayan kisan Maïnassara a watan Afrilun shekarar 1999, Cissé ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takara a zaben shugaban kasa na watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1999, kuma saboda wannan ne aka kore shi daga cikin jam'iyar RDP karkashin shugaban jam'iyyar Hamid Algabid a ranar 18 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1999. Fada na zahiri ya barke a hedkwatar jam'iyar RDP tsakanin magoya baya da masu adawa da Cissé, wanda ya haifar da shiga tsakanin 'yan sanda. Jam'iyarsa ta RDP ta tsayar da shi a matsayin dan takararta na shugaban kasa a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, kuma shi ne dan takarar da aka sanar da farko a zaben, amma daya bangaren ya goyi bayan takarar Algabid, kuma shi an barwa Kotun Jiha domin ta yanke hukunci a cikin su biyun da zasu iya tsayawa takarar dan jam'iyar RDP. Kotun ta amince da takarar Algabid kuma ta ki amincewa da takarar Cissé a ranar 3 ga Satumba. A ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, Cissé ya kirkiro wata sabuwar jam’iyya, Union for Democracy and the Republic (UDR), a matsayin rarrabuwa daga RDP.
Hakkin Yan Asalin Kasa
An magance da'awar filaye na asali tare da nasarori daban-daban a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa tun farkon lokacin mulkin mallaka. Irin wannan da'awar na iya dogara ne akan ƙa'idojin dokokin duniya, yarjejeniyoyin, dokar gama gari, ko tsarin mulki na cikin gida ko dokoki. Laƙabin ƙabila (wanda kuma aka sani da taken Indigenous, take na asali da sauran sharuɗɗan) koyaswar doka ce ta gama gari cewa haƙƙoƙin ƙasa na ƴan asalin ƙasar zuwa ga al'adar al'ada sun ci gaba bayan ɗaukan ikon mallaka a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka. Amincewa da kare haƙƙin ƴan ƙasa da na al'umma bisa doka ya ci gaba da zama babban ƙalubale, tare da tazarar da ke tsakanin filaye da aka sani a hukumance da na al'ada da kuma sarrafa shi babban tushen rashin ci gaba, rikice-rikice, da lalata muhalli.
Amadou Cissé
Abubuwan da suka faru tun daga shekarar 2009
Boubacar Cissé ya kasance shahararren dan adawa ga Mamadou Tandja dan gajeren rayuwa a Jamhuriya ta 6 na shekarar 2009 – 2010, yayin da aka nada shi a matsayin shugaban tawaga ta bangaren gamayyar jam'iyyun adawa da yawa yayin tattaunawar rikicin ECOWAS da gwamnati. Ana sa ran jam'iyyar sa ta UDR-Tabbar za ta fafata a zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisar dokoki na shekara ta 2011.
Hakkin Yan Asalin Kasa
Dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa
Takaddun tushe na haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar a cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa sun haɗa da Yarjejeniyar Ƙungiyoyin Yan Asalin Ƙasa da Ƙabila, 1989 (" ILO 169 "), Sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya game da Haƙƙin Yan Asalin, Yarjejeniyar Kawar da Duk Wani nau'i na Wariyar launin fata, da Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin jama'a da na siyasa, Yarjejeniyar Amurka akan 'yancin dan adam, da sanarwar Amurka kan 'yancin 'yan asalin.
Amadou Cissé
Abubuwan da suka faru tun daga shekarar 2009
Bayan Mahamadou Issoufou ya ci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Janairu – Maris 2011 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin Shugaba a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu 2011, an nada Cissé a cikin gwamnati a matsayin Ministan Stateasa na Tsare-tsare, Ci Gaban Yanki, da Cigaban Al'umma a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 2011.
Hakkin Yan Asalin Kasa
Doka ta gama gari
Taken Aboriginal, wanda kuma aka sani da sunan ɗan ƙasa (Ostiraliya), take na al'ada (New Zealand), taken Indiya na asali (US), shine rukunan doka na gama gari cewa haƙƙin ƙasa na ƴan asalin ƙasar zuwa al'adar al'ada ta ci gaba bayan ɗaukan ikon mallaka. Hakanan ƴan asalin ƙasar suna iya samun wasu haƙƙoƙi akan ƙasar Crown a yankuna da yawa.
Ostiraliya
A tarihi an tauye haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar koyarwa iri-iri irin su terra nullius. wanda shine kalmar Latin ma'ana "ƙasar da ba ta kowa ba" A cikin 1971, gungun mutanen Meriam a Ostiraliya sun ba da da'awar mallakar su na tsibirin Mer a cikin mashigar Torres. A cikin da'awarsu ta shari'a sun bayar da cewa ƙasarsu ta asali ce kuma keɓantacce, mallakar Meriam ne kuma ke mulki, inda a tarihi suka gudanar da al'amuranta na siyasa da zamantakewa. Bayan shekaru da kotunan shari'a ta fara sauraren ƙarar, kuma bayan mutuwar daya daga cikin wadanda suka shigar da kara (Eddie Mabo), hukuncin da babbar kotun ta yanke ya ba da tabbacin cewa dan ƙasar ya mallaki fili da kuma ƙaryata tatsuniya na terra nullius.
Kanada
Babban shari'ar ga taken Aboriginal a Kanada shine Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (1997). Wani muhimmin lamari don taken Aborigin shine Tsilhqot'in Nation v. British Columbia (2014).
Latin Amurka
Yayin da tsarin siyasar wasu ƙasashen Latin Amurka ke ƙera samun dimokuradiyya da bude ido don saurare da rungumar ra'ayoyin tsirarun wadannan batutuwan da suka shafi hakkin ƙasa sun fito fili a fagen siyasar ƙasar. Duk da wannan sabon “sake karramawa” kadan-kadan, har yanzu ’yan asalin kasar na daga cikin matalautan kasashe kuma galibi ba su da damar samun albarkatu kuma suna da ƙarancin damar ci gaba da ci gaba. Yanayin shari'a na haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka ya bambanta sosai. Har yanzu akwai babban bambancin haƙƙoƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar, dokoki da karɓuwa a duk faɗin nahiyar. A shekara ta 1957, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO), ta sanya yarjejeniyar ILO 107. Wannan yarjejeniya ta haifar da dokoki da ka'idoji don kariya da haɗin kai na 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin ƙasashe masu zaman kansu. Duk ƙasashe masu zaman kansu na Latin Amurka da Caribbean na lokacin sun amince da wannan yarjejeniya. Tun daga shekarun 1960 suka fara tare da amincewa da iƙirarin farko na ƙasar ƴan asalin ƙasar tun lokacin mulkin mallaka. A cikin shekara ta 1989 ILO ta yi Yarjejeniyar 169 ; Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi ƴan asali da ƙabilu a cikin ƙasashe masu zaman kansu, wanda ke sabunta ILO 107 na 1957. A cikin wannan al'ada kuma an fahimci kusanci da mahimmancin dangantaka tsakanin ƙasa da ainihi, ko kuma ainihin al'ada mai mahimmanci. A yau, kasashe 15 na Latin Amurka da Caribbean sun amince da wannan yarjejeniya. Hatta a kasashen da aka amince da shi, takaita aiwatar da shi ya haifar da tashe-tashen hankula game da ‘yancin mallakar filaye na asali kamar zanga-zangar ma’adinan Escobal a Guatemala.
New Zealand
An amince da haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar a cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi da aka yi tsakanin Masarautar Burtaniya da sarakunan Maori daban-daban. An yi watsi da yarjejeniyar kanta sau da yawa, amma kotunan New Zealand yawanci sun yarda da kasancewar take na asali. Takaddama game da haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar sun kasance sun ta'allaka ne kan hanyoyin da Māori ya yi asarar mallaka, maimakon ko suna da mallakar tun farko.
Amurka
<div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; Shawarar tushe don taken Aboriginal a Amurka shine Johnson v. McIntosh (1823), wanda Babban Mai Shari'a John Marshall ya rubuta.
Ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka a Amurka an mayar da su zuwa wuraren ajiyar Indiya da kabilan ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Harkokin Cikin Gida na Amurka.
Mexico
Shekaru bayan juyin juya halin Mexico na 1910 ya ga sauye-sauyen noma (1917-1934), kuma a cikin labarin 27 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Mexiko an soke tsarin encomienda, kuma an tabbatar da haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa na gama gari ga al'ummomin gargajiya. Don haka an ƙirƙiri tsarin ejido, wanda a aikace yakamata ya ƙunshi ikon saka hannun jari na masu zaman kansu na kamfanoni na ƙasashen waje da masu gidaje da ba su nan, kuma ya ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar damar wani yanki don yin aiki da rayuwa.Tun daga shekarun 1980 zuwa 1990, manufofin tattalin arzikin Mexico sun fi mayar da hankali kan ci gaban masana'antu da kuma jawo babban birnin ketare. Gwamnatin Salinas ta ƙaddamar da wani tsari na mayar da ƙasa mai zaman kansa (ta hanyar PROCEDE-program). A cikin 1992, a matsayin (kafin) sharadi ga Mexico don shigar da Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Arewacin Amurka (NAFTA) tare da Amurka da Kanada, art.4 da art.27 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki an canza su, ta hanyar abin da ya zama mai yiwuwa a mayar da shi ga kamfanoni. al'umma ejido-land. Wannan ya lalata tushen tsaro na al'ummomin ƴan asalin don samun haƙƙin ƙasa, kuma tsoffin ejidatorios yanzu sun zama ƴan ta'adda ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da matsugunan su na yau da kullun. (duba kuma rikicin Chiapas )
Papaikou, Hawaii
Papaikou wuri ne da aka sanya ƙidayar (CDP) a cikin gundumar Hawaii, Hawaii, Amurka, kuma yana da ƴan mil mil arewa da kujerar gundumar, Hilo. Yawan Papaikou ya kasance 1,314 a ƙidayar 2010, ya ragu daga 1,414 a ƙidayar 2000.
Geography
Papaikou yana gefen gabas na tsibirin Hawaii a19.79389°N, -155.09667°W (19.794022, -155.096531). Hanyar Hawaii 19 ta ratsa cikin al'umma, tana jagorantar kudu 5 mi zuwa Hilo da arewa maso yamma 37 mi zuwa Honoka.
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, Papaikou CDP yana da yawan fadin 4.9 km2, wanda daga ciki 3.7 km2   ƙasa ne kuma 1.1 km2  , ko 23.03%, ruwa ne. CDP tana iyaka da Tekun Pasifik daga Hokeo Point a arewa zuwa Kekiwi Point a kudu.
Yanayi
Papaikou yana da yanayi na dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi (Af) tare da yawan ruwan sama a duk shekara.
Alkaluma
Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 24.2% a ƙarƙashin shekarun 18, 7.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 24.8% daga 25 zuwa 44, 23.2% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 20.1% 65 ko fiye. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 97.2. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 96.3.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga gida shine $37,031 kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga iyali shine $40,446. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $25,000 sabanin $24,205 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na CDP shine $13,782. Kusan 12.1% na iyalai da 15.0% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 18.0% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 7.6% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
Ya'u Gwarmai
Hon. Ya’u Gwarmai (an haifeshi ranar 3 ga watan Maris, 1970) a garin Gwarmai da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar Kunchi, a Jihar Kano. Ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne mai kishin al'ummar yan kinshi, dama ƙasa baki ɗaya. An zabe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar jiha sau biyu a shekarar 2015 da kuma 2019
Karatu
Hon. Gwarmai ya yi karatun framare ɗinsa a Danbatra Central a 1976, ya kammala kuma a 1982 da takardar shedan kamma framare. A1984 da 1987 ya cigaba da karatu kolejin ilimi mai nisa a kano (Continue Education Central, Kano) sannan daga bisani ya koma Jami'ar Bayero da ke Kano, Jihar Kano, daga 2012 zuwa 2014 don cigaba da karatun digiri na biyu (Masters) a fannin kasuwanci wato (MBA).
Siyasa
Gwarmai ya fara siyasa a matsayin kansila bayan nan ya zama mataimakin sakatare sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin wakili (delegate) na jamiyyar su a matakin karamar hukuma sanna, ya zama wakili har ila yau a matakin jiha. Hon. Gwarmai an zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar jiha a shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015 da kuma 2015 zuwa 2019.
Mama Teresa
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (an haifi Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu,  Albanian:   ; a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta alif  1910, zuwa    5 ga watan Satumba, Shekara ta alif 1997), wacce akafi sani a matsayin Mother Teresa da kuma girmama a cikin cocin Katolika a matsayin Saint Teresa na Calcutta,  an Albanian - Indian  Roman Katolika Nun, da mishan. An haife ta ne a Skopje (yanzu itace babban birnin Arewacin Makedonia ), sannan wani ɓangare na Kosovo Vilayet na Daular Ottoman. Bayan ta zauna a Skopje shekaru goma sha takwas, sai tai ƙaura zuwa Ireland sannan kuma ta tafi Indiya, inda ta zauna mafi yawan rayuwarta.
A shekarar alif 1950, Teresa ta kafa Mishanarai na Tallafawa, a wani taron addini na Roman Katolika wanda ya kai 4,500 na nunsshekarana aukuwa a kasashe 133 a shekarata 2012. Ikilisiya tana kula da gidaje don mutanen da ke mutuwa ta HIV / AIDS, kuturta da tarin fuka. Hakanan yana gudanar da dafa abinci na dafa abinci, kayan dafa abinci, asibitocin tafi-da-gidanka, shirye-shiryen ba da shawara ga yara da na iyali, harma da marayu da makarantu. Wakilai suna yin alwashi na tsabta, talauci, da biyayya, sannan kuma suna yin alƙawarin hudun - don ba da "yardar rai kyauta ga matalautan matalauta."
Teresa ta samu karramawa da dama, ciki har da 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize da kuma 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. Ta kasance sananne a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar, shekarata 2016, kuma ranar tunawa da mutuwarta (5 ga watan Satumba) ita ce ranar bikinta.
Wani mutum mai rikitarwa a rayuwarsa da kuma bayan mutuwarta, mutane da yawa suna alfahari da Teresa saboda aikinta na kyautatawa. An yaba mata da yin Allah wadai kan lamurra daban-daban, irin su ra'ayoyinta game da zubar da ciki da hana haihuwa, kuma ana sukar ta da mummunan yanayi a cikin gidajen ta na masu mutuwa. Navin Chawla ne ya rubuta tarihinta wanda aka ba da izini kuma aka buga shi a Shekara ta alif 1992, kuma ta kasance 'yan fim da sauran littattafai.A 6 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2017, Teresa da St-Francis Xavier an ba su sunayen abokan tarayya na Archdiocese na Roman Katolika na Calcutta.
Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Teresa Anjezë Gonxhe (ko Gonxha) Bojaxhiu ( Albanian:  ; Anjezë ne cognate na "Agnes". Gonxhe yana nufin "furebud" ko "karamar fure" a cikin Albanian ) a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta alif 1910 a cikin dangin Kosovar Albanian    a Skopje (yanzu babban birnin Arewacin Makedoniya ), Daular Ottoman. An yi mata baftisma a Skopje, kwana bayan haifuwarta. Daga baya ta yi la’akari da ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, ranar da aka yi mata baftisma, ‘bikinta na gaskiya’.
Ta kasance ƙaramar yarinyar Nikollë da Dranafile Bojaxhiu (Bernai). Mahaifinta, wanda ke da hannu a cikin siyasar Albaniya a cikin Ottoman Macedonia, ya mutu a shekara ta alif 1919, lokacin yana dan shekara takwas. Wataƙila ya fito ne daga Prizren, Kosovo, kuma wataƙila mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga ƙauyen kusa da Gjakova.
Dangane da tarihin daga Joan Graff Clucas, Teresa ta kasance a cikin shekarunta lokacin da labaru game da rayuwar mishaneri da hidimarsu a Bengal ya burge ta ; har ta kai shekara 12, ta hakikance cewa yakamata ta sadaukar da rayuwarta ga addini. Shirin ta ya ƙarfafa a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta alif 1928, yayin da tayi addu'a a farfajiyar Madonna na Madina na Vitina-Letnice, inda ta saba yin aikin haji.
Teresa ta bar gida a shekarar alif 1928, yayin da take da Shekara 18, don shiga Sisters of Loreto a Loreto Abbey a Rathfarnham, Ireland, don koyan Turanci tare da ra'ayin zama mishan; Ingilishi shine harshen koyar da Yan'uwa mata na Loreto a Indiya. Ba ta taɓa ganin mahaifiyarta ko ƙanwarta ba. Iyalinta sun zauna a Skopje har zuwa shekarar alif 1934, lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Tirana.
Ta isa Indiya a Shekara ta alif 1929, kuma ta fara ta novitiate a Darjeeling, a cikin ƙananan Himalayas, inda ta koya Bengali da kuma koyarwa a St. Teresa ta School dake kusa da Conven dinta. Teresa ta dauki alwashin farko na addini a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu, Shekara ta alif 1931. Ta zaɓi zama mai suna bayan Thérèse de Lisieux, mai tsaro na mishan na mishan;  saboda wata macen zawara a cikin gidan masarautar ta riga ta za bi wannan suna, Agnes ya zaɓi yaren rubutun Mutanen Espanya (Teresa).
Teresa ta yi alƙawura a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, Shekara ta alif 1937, yayin da take malama a makarantar koyar da adami ta Loreto a, gabashin Calcutta. Ta yi aiki a wurin kusan kusan shekaru ashirin kuma an nada ta a matsayin shugabar mata a shekarar alif 1944. Duk da cewa Teresa ta ji daɗin koyarwa a makarantar, amma ta damu sosai da talaucin da ke kewaye da ita a Calcutta. Yunwar Bengal na shekarar alif 1943, ya kawo tashin hankali da mutuwa a cikin birni, kuma Ranar Yakin 1946 kai tsaye ya fara lokacin tashin hankalin Musulmi da Hindu.
Mishan cikin Sadaka
A ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, shekarar alif 1946, Teresa ta sami abin da ta bayyana daga baya a matsayin "kira a cikin kira" lokacin da ta yi tafiya ta jirgin ƙasa zuwa wurin ajiyar kayayyaki na Loreto a Darjeeling daga Calcutta don komawar ta shekara-shekara. "Ya kamata in fita daga cikin tashoshin don taimakon talakawa yayin da nake zaune a cikinsu. Umarni ne. Rashin faɗuwa dã ya kasance yana rushe imani. " Daga baya Joseph Langford ya rubuta, "Ko da yake ba wanda ya san shi a lokacin, 'yar'uwar Teresa ta zama Uwar Teresa".
Ta fara aikin mishan tare da matalauta a cikin shekarar alif 1948, sauya al'ada ta Loreto ta al'ada tare da sari, farin auduga sari tare da shudin iyaka. Teresa ta amince da zama ɗan baƙon Indiya, ta yi watanni da yawa a Patna don karɓar horo na asali a Asibitin Holy Family kuma ta shiga cikin tutocin. Ta kafa makaranta a Motijhil, Kolkata, kafin ta fara kula da matalauta da masu fama da yunwa. A farkon shekarar alif 1949, wasu gungun matasa mata sun hadar da Teresa a cikin kokarin ta, sannan ta aza harsashin kafa sabuwar kungiyar addini da ke taimaka wa "mafi talauci a cikin matalauta".
Ubangijinmu nason in zama yantattar mai bauta wacce aka lullube cikin talaucin yesu, A yau, na ilimantu da darussa masu kyau. Talaucin talaka dole yayi masu tsanani, sanda nake neman gida nayi tafiya har saida kafafuna sukayi ciwo, nayi tunanin cewa tyaushe ne zasu bar wannan ciwo ga rayuwata, ina neman gida, abinci da lafiya. Sai jindadin loreto yashafe ni, yace kawai ki fadi Kalmar duk wani abu zai zama naki, haka dai mai shafar yacigaba da cewa..., cikin budaddiyar zabi, Dan Allah na kuma dan sona agare ki, na zaba inyi komi danke bazan bar wani hawaye ya sauka daga ida nunki ba. A ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, Shekara ta alif 1950, Teresa ta sami izini daga Vatican don ikilisiyar diocesan, wanda zai zama mishaneri na Sadaka. A cikin maganganun ta, zai kula da "masu fama da yunwa, tsirara, marasa gida, guragu, makafi, kutare, duk waɗannan mutanen da suke jin ƙin sonsu, marasa ƙauna, waɗanda ba su kula da su ba a duk faɗin jama'a, mutanen da suka zama nauyi ga jama'a kuma kowa ya nisanta dashi ”.
A shekarar alif 1952, Teresa ta buɗe hospice dinta na farko da taimako jami'ai daga Calcutta. Ta sauya hanikalin Hindu da aka yi watsi da ita zuwa Gidan Kalighat na Mutuwa, kyauta ne ga matalauta, ta kuma sanya mata suna Kalighat, Gidan Zuciyar Mai Tsabta (Nirmal Hriday). Wadanda kawo wa gida samu likita da hankali da kuma damar da za su mutu tare da mutunci a cikin daidai da ban-gaskiyarsu: Musulmi suna karanta Kur'ani, 'yan Hindu samu ruwa daga ganges, kuma Katolika samu matsananci unction. "Kyakkyawan mutuwa", in ji Teresa, "don mutane waɗanda suka rayu kamar dabbobi su mutu kamar mala'iku - suna ƙauna da so." Ta buɗe ofishi ga waɗanda ke da kuturta, suna kiranta Shanti Nagar (Birnin Zaman Lafiya). Kungiyoyin mishan na Agaji sun kafa cibiyoyin cutar kuturta, a ko'ina cikin Calcutta, suna ba da magunguna, riguna da abinci. Mishan din na Agaji sun karu da yawaitar yara marasa gida; a shekarar alif 1955, Teresa ta bude Nirmala Shishu Bhavan, Gidan Yaran Yara na Zuciya, a zaman mafaka ga marayu da matasa marasa gida.
Ikilisiyar ta yafara jawo hankalin ma'aikata da gudummawowi, kuma har ya zuwa shekarar 1960, sun bude ofisoshin marayu, gidajen marayu da gidajen kuturu a cikin ko'ina na kasar Indiya. Daga nan Teresa ta faɗaɗa ikilisiya a ƙasar waje, ta buɗe gida a Venezuela a shekara ta alif 1965, tare da ’yan’uwa mata biyar. An bi gidaje a Italiya (Rome), Tanzania da Austria a cikin shekarar 1968, kuma a cikin shekarun 1970 ikilisiya ta buɗe gidaje da tushe a Amurka da dama ƙasashe a Asiya, Afirka da Turai.
An kafa mishan na Missionaries of Charity Brothers a shekarar alif 1963, kuma reshe ne mai dauke da tunani na San’uwa ya biyo baya a shekarar 1976. Lay Katolika da waɗanda ba Katolika ba sun sami rajista a cikin -kungiyar Ma'aikata na Uwar Teresa, Masu aikin Marasa lafiya da wahala, da kuma mishan na Ma'aikatan Sadaka. Da yake amsa buƙatu daga firistoci da yawa, a cikin Shekara ta alif 1981, Mama Teresa ta kafa kungiyar Corpus Christi Movement na Firistoci tare da Joseph Langford mishaneri na Ubanni a cikin Shekara ta alif 1984, don haɗu da manufofin sana'a na mishan na ba da agaji tare da kayan aikin rayuwar firistoci. Ya zuwa shekarar alif 1997, majami'ar Calcutta mai mambobi 13 sun girma zuwa fiye da 'yan'uwa mata 4,000 waɗanda ke kula da marayu, gidajen kula da cutar kanjamau da cibiyoyin bayar da agaji a duk duniya, suna kula da' yan gudun hijirar, makafi, nakasassu, tsofaffi, mashaya giya, gajiyayyu da marasa gida da waɗanda ambaliyar ta shafa, annoba da kuma yunwa. A shekara ta 2007, mishan mishan na Charity ya ƙididdige kimanin 'yan’uwa 450 da ’yan’uwa mata 5,000 a duk duniya, waɗanda ke aiki mishan 600, makarantu da mafaka a cikin ƙasashe 120.
Sadaka ta kasa da kasa
Teresa ta ce, "Da jini, Ni dan Albaniya ne. Ta zama ɗan ƙasa, Ba'indiye ne. Ta wurin bangaskiya, ni wata mazhabar Katolika ce. Game da kirana, ni na duniya ce. "Game da zuciyata, gaba daya na daga cikin zuciyar Yesu ne." Luwararru cikin harsuna biyar-Bengali,  Albanian, Serbian, Turanci da Hindi - ta yi tafiye-tafiye na lokaci-lokaci a wajen India saboda dalilai na bil-adama.
A tsaunin Siege na Beirut a shekarar 1982, Teresa ta ceci yara 37 da aka makale a wani asibiti kafin ta hanyar tsagaita wuta na wucin gadi tsakanin sojojin Isra’ila da masu gwagwarmayar Falasdinawa.Tare da ma'aikatan kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross, ta bi ta yankin yaki zuwa asibiti don kwashe matasa marasa lafiya.
Lokacin da gabashin Turai ta sami karuwa a ƙarshen 1980s, Teresa ta faɗaɗa ƙoƙarinta ga ƙasashen Kwaminisanci waɗanda suka ƙi Mishan Mishan na Sadaka. Ta fara shirye-shirye da dama, ba tare da wata damuwa ba game da matsayinta na hana zubar da ciki da kisan aure: "Babu wanda ya ce menene, ya kamata ka karba shi da murmushi ka yi aikinka." Ta ziyarci Armenia bayan girgizar kasa na 1988 kuma ta sadu da Nikolai Ryzhkov, Shugaban Majalisar Ministocin.
Teresa ta yi tafiya don taimakawa masu fama da yunwa a Habasha, wadanda suka kamu da radadin cutar a Chernobyl da kuma wadanda girgizar ta shafa a Armenia. A 1991, ta koma Albania a karon farko, inda ta buɗe Ofishin mishan na Charity Brothers gida a Tirana.
A shekarar 1996, Teresa ta fara aiki da misalai 517 a cikin kasashe sama da 100. Mishanninta na Rahamar sun karu daga goma sha biyu zuwa dubbai, suna masu hidimar "matalautan matalauta" a cibiyoyi 450 na duniya. An kafa Ofishin mishan na farko na Charity a cikin Amurka a yankin South Bronx na New York City, kuma har ya zuwa shekarar 1984 ikilisiya tana gudanar da rukunoni 19 a cikin ƙasar.
Karayar lafiya da mutuwa
Teresa ta sami bugun zuciya a Rome a 1983 yayin da ta ke ziyartar Paparoma John Paul II. Bayan harin na biyu a 1989, ta sami na'urar bugun zuciya. A 1991, bayan cutar huhu a Mexico,tana da karin matsalolin zuciya. Kodayake Teresa ta ba da shawarar yin murabus a matsayin shugabar mishan na Sadaka, a cikin wata takaddar sirri da 'yar'uwar ikilisiyar suka zabe ta ta ci gaba kuma ta yarda ta ci gaba.
A watan Afrilun 1996,ta fadi,ta karya kashinta na wuya, kuma bayan wata hudu ta kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro da ciwon zuciya. Kodayake Teresa ta yi aikin tiyata, amma lafiyar ta tana raguwa. A cewar Akbishop na Calcutta Henry Sebastian D’Souza, ya umarci wani firist da ya yi aikin fitarwa (tare da izininsa) lokacin da aka garzaya da ita asibiti da matsalolin bugun zuciya saboda yana tunanin watakila shaidan ne ya same shi. .
A ranar 13 Maris 1997 Teresa ta yi murabus a matsayin shugabar Mishan of Charity, kuma ta mutu ne a ranar 5 ga Satumba. Lokacin da ta mutu, mishaneri na Sadaka yana da 'yan'uwa mata sama da 4,000 da kuma ɗan uwan mambobi 300 waɗanda ke aiki a ofisoshi 610 a cikin ƙasashe 123. Waɗannan sun haɗa da baƙi da gidaje ga mutanen da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar HIV, AIDS, kuturta da tarin fuka, dafaffen dafa abinci, shirye-shiryen kula da yara da na yara, marayu da makarantu. Missionungiyar mishan ta Charan agaji ta taimaka da abokan aikinta waɗanda suka ƙidaya sama da miliyan ɗaya a shekarun 1990.
Teresa ta ajiye a cikin wani akwati da aka bude a St Thomas, Calcutta, tsawon mako guda kafin jana'izarta. Ta samu jana'izar hukuma daga gwamnatin Indiya bisa godiya saboda hidimta wa talakawan dukkan addinai a kasar. Taimakawa ta hanyar firistoci guda biyar, Sakatariyar Kudi ta Kasa Angelo Sodano, wakilin Paparoma, ya yi bikin ƙarshe. Mutuwar Teresa ta kasance makoki a cikin mutane da kuma al'ummomin addini. Firayim Minista na Pakistan Nawaz Sharif ya kira ta "mutum ne da baƙonsa ba kuma wanda ya daɗe yana da babban buri. Tsawon rayuwarta tsawon rai ga kulawa da talakawa, marassa lafiya, da nakasassu na daga cikin mafi girman misalai na bautarmu ga bil'adama. " A cewar tsohon Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, "Ita ce Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Tana da zaman lafiya a duniya".
Indiya
Gwamnatin Indiya ta fara amincewa da Teresa da farko ne a fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na farkon ƙarni, ta karɓi Padma Shri a shekarar alif 1962, da lambar yabo ta Jawaharlal Nehru don Fahimtar ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar alif 1969. Daga baya ta sami wasu lambobin yabo na Indiya, wadanda suka hada da Bharat Ratna (lambar yabo mafi girma a Indiya) a shekarar alif 1980. Littafin tarihin Teresa wanda Navin Chawla ya wallafa, a cikin Shekara ta alif 1992. A cikin Kolkata, wasu 'Hindu bauta mata a matsayin abin bauta.
Don tunawa da bikin cikarta shekara 100 da haihuwar ta, gwamnatin Indiya ta bayar da tsabar kudi ₹ 5 na musamman (yawan kudin da Teresa ta samu lokacin da ta je Indiya) a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2010. Shugaba Pratibha Patil ta ce, "Clad cikin fararen sari mai launin shudi, ita da 'yan uwan Mishan na Charity sun zama alamar ta bege ga mutane da yawa - tsofaffi, gajiyayyu, marasa aikin yi, marasa lafiya, marasa lafiya, marasa lafiya. da akayi watsi dasu daga iyalansu. "
Ra'ayoyin Indiya akan Teresa ba masu dacewa ba kamar yadda kowane dan kasan ke ganinta. Aroup Chatterjee, likita ne da aka haife shi a Calcutta wanda ya kasance mai fafutuka a cikin tatsuniyar biranen shekaru kusan 1980 kafin ya koma Burtaniya, ya ce "bai ma taɓa ganin wata tsawa ba a cikin waɗannan rukunin gidajen". Binciken nasa, wanda ya hada da tambayoyi sama da 100 tare da masu sa kai, da sanatoci da kuma wasu da suka saba da mishan Mishanai, an bayyana su a cikin littafin 2003. da ke da masaniyar Teresa. Chatterjee ta soki ta game da gabatar da "al'adar wahala" da mummunan gurbata ta Calcutta, yin karin gishiri game da aikin da aka yi mata ta hanyar amfani da kudi da kuma gata a wajen ta. A cewarsa, wasu matsalolin tsabtace tsabta da ya soki (na sake amfani da allura, alal misali) bayan mutuwar Teresa a Shekara ta alif 1997.
Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya, mayor na Kolkata daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2010, ya ce "ba ta da wani tasiri a kan talakawa na wannan birni", ta sami lafiya a maimakon ta yi maganin ta kuma ta ba da labarin gari: "Babu shakka akwai talauci a Calcutta, amma ba ta taɓa kasance wani gari na kutare da masu bara ba, kamar yadda UwaTeresa ta gabatar da shi. " A gefen Hindu, Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata ta yi karo da Teresa a kan Christian Dalits amma ta yaba mata a cikin mutuwa kuma ta aiko da wakili don yi mata jana'izarta. Ita dai Vishwa Hindu Parishad, ta yi adawa da matakin da gwamnati ta dauka na yi mata jana’iza. Sakatare Giriraj Kishore ta ce "aikinta na farko shine Cocin da hidimar zamantakewa ba ta faru ba", inda ta zarge ta da fifita Kiristoci da kuma yin “baftisma a ɓoye” na masu mutuwa. A wani gaban-shafin, fortnightly frontline ta sallami zargin a matsayin "patently na ƙarya" kuma ya bayyana cewa suna da "yi wani tasiri a kan jama'a ji na ta aikin, musamman a Calcutta". Wanda ya yaba da "kulawa ta rashin son kai", karfin jiki da jarumkntaka, marubucin lambar yabo ya soki kamfen din da Teresa takeyi inkari game da zubar da ciki da kuma ikirarin ta na siyasa.
A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2015, Mohan Bhagwat, shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin reshen Hindu, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, ya ce manufar Teresa ita ce "maida mutumin, wanda ake yi masa hidima, ya zama Kirista". Tsohon kakakin kungiyar ta RSS MG Vaidhya ya goyi bayan kimantawar Bhagwat, kuma kungiyar ta zargi kafofin watsa labarai da "gurbata gaskiya game da kalaman Bhagwat". Dan majalisar wakilai na Trinamool Derek O'Brien, shugaban CPI Atul Anjan da kuma babban ministan Delhi Arvind Kejriwal sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da zancen da Bhagwat yayi.
Wani wurin
. Teresa ta karbi kyautar Ramon Magsaysay Award dan zaman lafiya da fahimtar duniya, an bata ne dan aikinta a South or East Asia, a shekarar alif 1962. Acewar wallafin, "Kungiyar amintattu sun martaba ta dan tausayawan ta akan talaucin wasu kasashe, wanda akan wannan aikin ne ta fara sabon taron addini".A farkon 1970s, ta zama wata gwarzuwa a duniya. shaharar za'a iya dangana shi da Malcolm Muggeridge's 1969 documentary, Something Beautiful for God, da Kuma littafinsa na 1971 mai wannan sunan. Wanda Muggeridge ke kokarin tafiyar da rayuwarsa tsaftatacciya. Lokacin daukar fim, wani dauka da akayi a yanayin haske mara tasiri. anyi tunanin zai zama anfani ne ga masu aikin.
A kusan wannan lokacin, duniyar Katolika ta fara girmama Teresa a bainar jama'a. Fafaroma Paul VI ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Paparoma John XXIII P kyautar zaman lafiya a shekara ta alif 1971, inda ta yaba da aikinta tare da talakawa, nuna irin gudummawar kirista da kokarin tabbatar da zaman lafiya, kuma ta sami kyautar ta Pacem a Terris Award a shekarar alif 1976. Bayan mutuwarta, Teresa ta sami ci gaba cikin sauri a kan hanyar zuwa saint.
Gwamnatoci da kungiyoyin farar hula sun karrama ta, sannan ta nada wani wakilin girmamawa na Umarni na Australiya a Shekara ta alif 1982. "don hidimtawa al'ummar Australiya da dan adam baki daya". Kasar Burtaniya da Amurka sun ba wasu lambobin yabo masu yawa, wadanda suka kammala a cikin Lamarin Ingantawa a shekarar alif 1983. da zama dan kasa na Amurka mai girmamawa a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar alif 1996. Kasar Teresa ta kasar Albania ta ba ta lambar Zinare ta Jama'a a Shekara ta alif 1994, amma karbarta da wannan lamarin da Haitian Legion of Honor ta kasance mai rikitarwa. An soki Teresa da cikakken goyon baya ga Duvaliers da rashawa na 'yan kasuwa irin su Charles Keating da Robert Maxwell ; Ta rubuta wa alkalin shari'ar Keating, inda ta nemi a bashi damar.