cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Hebe Camargo
farkon Rayuwa
An haifi Hebe Camargo ranar Juma'a, Ranar Mata ta Duniya ta 1929, a Taubaté, São Paulo, 'yar Esther Magalhães Camargo da Sigesfredo Monteiro de Camargo, iyayenta dukkansu ƴan asalin ƙasar Portugal ne. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ta zama mawaƙiya a cikin 1940s tare da 'yar uwarta Estela, kamar yadda Rosalinda e-Florisbela ta bayyana. A lokacin aikinta na waka, Camargo ta yi sambas da boleros a gidajen rawa na dare. Ta bar aikinta na kiɗa don ba da ƙarin lokaci a rediyo da talabijin. Assis Chateaubriand ne ya gayyace ta don halartar farkon watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na Brazil, a unguwar Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sana'a
A matsayinta na mawaƙiya, Camargo ta fito a cikin fina-finan barkwanci na Mazzaropi kuma ta fito da Agnaldo Rayol a daya daga cikinsu. A cikin 1950s, ta shiga talabijin kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV Paulista. A cikin 1955, Camargo ta fito a cikin shirin farko na mata a gidan talabijin na Brazil, O Mundo é das Mulheres (Duniya na Mata ne), a gidan talabijin a Rio de Janeiro, wanda ke fitowa sau biyar a mako. A cikin 1960s, Camargo ta koma cibiyar sadarwar Rede Record, inda tayi shekaru da yawa ta ci gaba da gudanar da babban shirin. A lokacin Jovem Guarda zamanin, Hebe ta ba da hanya ga sababbin 'yan wasa masu basira. A ranar Ista Lahadi, 10 Afrilu 1966, hanyar sadarwa ta fara watsa shirye-shiryen Lahadi mai nuna Camargo a matsayin mai hira. Kamfanin jirgin saman Brazil, Varig ne ya dauki nauyin wannan wasan kwaikwayon, tare da tallan da ke nuna Camargo.
An ga Camargo a kusan kowane gidan talabijin na Brazil ciki har da Rede Record da Rede Bandeirantes, a cikin 1970s da 1980s.
A cikin 1980, bayan dogon lokaci ta koma aiki a matsayin mai hira. Daga Maris 1986 zuwa Disamba 2010, Camargo ta kasance a kan hanyar sadarwa ta SBT, inda ta gabatar da shirin talabijin na Hebe, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin shirye-shirye mafi tsawo na cibiyar sadarwa. An kuma watsa wasan kwaikwayon a kan Rede Tupi da Rede Bandeirantes, kuma tana da wasan kwaikwayo na Hebe por Elas (Hebe don Su) a farkon 1990s. Ta kuma gabatar da Fora do Ar, kuma ta shiga cikin Telethon, wasan kwaikwayo na musamman, da kuma Romeu e Julieta, wanda ta buga tare da Ronald Golias da Nair Bello.
A cikin 1995, EMI ta fitar da CD na manyan hits na Camargo. A ranar Ista Asabar, 22 ga Afrilu, 2006, ta yi bikin shirye-shiryenta na dubu a kan SBT. Ta kuma shiga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa, irin su shiga cikin motsi na Cansei, zanga-zangar 2007 mai sukar gwamnatin Brazil.
Camargo tana bikin Sabuwar Shekara a Miami lokacin da ta yi fama da ciwon ciki mai tsanani. Wata sanarwar da asibitin ta fitar daga baya ta bayyana cewa an yi wa Hebe gwajin gwajin laparoscopy, wanda ya gano cutar daji take dauke da shi. A ranar 8 ga Janairu 2010, an shigar da Camargo a Asibitin Albert Einstein a Sao Paulo don tiyata don cire ciwon daji daga peritoneum. Bayan tiyata da chemotherapy, ta koma bakin aiki a ranar mata ta duniya ta 2010, ranar haihuwarka ta 81.
Rashin lafiya da mutuwa
Camargo tana fama da ciwon daji tun 2010. Ta rasu ne da karfe 11:45 na safe (14:45 GMT) a ranar Asabar, 29 ga Satumba, 2012, wani rahoto ya bayyana cewa ta samu bugun zuciya yayin da take barci Wanda hakan yasa ta rasa ranta.
Igboso
Igboso wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Emure dake jihar Ekiti, a Najeriya.
Ilu Oge
Ilu Oge wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Emure dake jihar Ekiti, a Najeriya.
Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)
Alliance for Democracy jam'iyyar adawa ce a Najeriya. An kafa ta ranar 9 ga watan Satumba, 1998. A zaɓen ƴan majalisu na shekarar 2003, a ranar 12 ga Afrilun shekarar 2003, jam'iyyar ta samu kashi 8.8% na yawan kuri'un jama'a da kujeru 34 cikin 360 na ' yan majalisar wakilan Najeriya da kujeru 18 cikin 109 na majalisar dattawan Najeriya. An kafa jam’iyyar ne domin tallata manufar kabilar Yarbawa a tarayyar Najeriya biyo bayan soke zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka gudanar, na ranar 12 ga watan Yunin 1993 da aka yi imanin cewa Cif MKO Abiola, wani hamshakin attajiri ɗan ƙabilar Yarbawa ne ya lashe zaɓen.
A shekarar 2007 Cif Dr. Christopher Pere Ajuwa, na yankin Neja Delta, ya yi takara amma ya sha kaye, a takarar neman kujerar shugaban Najeriya.
Rikici
Jam’iyyar ta yi takun saka tsakanin Mojisola Akinfenwa da Adebisi Akande, inda har zuwa watan Satumban 2006, ɓangaren ƴan Bisi Akande yai maja da wasu jam’iyyun adawa suka kafa jam’iyyar Action Congress.
Manufa da Maƙasudi
Jam'iyyar na shirin gabatar da abubuwa kamar haka:
Halima Krausen
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Krausen a cikin shekarar 1949 a Aachen North Rhine-Westphalia, ga dangin Furotesta da Katolika. Ta musulunta tun tana ƙuruciyarta. Krausen ya yi karatun addinin Islama, addini kwatankwacinsa, da tiyoloji na Kirista a jami'a kuma ya karanci shari'ar Musulunci da falsafa da tauhidi bisa ga al'ada a karkashin Imam Mehdi Razvi. Krausen yana riƙe da ijaza na gargajiya. Ta yi aiki tare da gungun malaman musulmi a kan fassara da sharhin Kur'ani zuwa Jamus daga shekarar 1984 zuwa 1988. Ita ma wani bangare ta fassara hadisin. Krausen ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Cibiyar Tattaunawa tsakanin Addinai a Sashen Tauhidi na Jami'ar Hamburg, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1985. A cikin shekarar 1993, Krausen ya yi aiki tare da Initiative for Islamic Studies don bunkasa manhajar Musulunci.
A shekarar 1996 Imam Mehdi Ravi ya naɗa ta a matsayin magajiyarsa. Krausen ya taba zama mataimakin Razvi. A matsayinta na limami, Krausen ta ba da shawarwarin fastoci da koyar da tarurrukan ƙarawa juna sani game da Ƙur'ani. Bisa la'akari da damuwar al'umma da ka'idojin ladabi na Musulunci, Krausen ya rubuta hudubar juma'a amma bai jagoranci addu'o'in jinsin jinsi ba ko aiki a matsayin khatib.
Iyiola Omisore
Iyiola Ajani Omisore (an haifeshi a ranar 15 ga watan Satumba a shekara ta 1957) ɗan kasuwan Najeriya ne, injiniya, kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi mataimakin gwamnan jihar Osun daga shekara ta 1999 zuwa 2003. Bayan haka, ya zama ɗan majalisar dattawan Najeriya mai wakiltar Osun ta Gabas daga shekara ta 2003 zuwa 2011. Shi ne sakataren jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress na ƙasa a yanzu.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Iyiola Omisore a ranar 15 ga watan Satumba a shekara ta 1957, a cikin gidan sarautar Ile-Ife, inda kuma ya girma. Shi dan Oba David Olajide Omisore ne kuma jikan Lowa Ajani Anibijuwon Omisore, duka tsatson Olode, Ayepe ne.
Iyiola kuma jikan Marigayi Olufewara Kabiyesi Oba Titus Adetoba na gidan sarautar Oseganduku a Ifewara inda mahaifiyarsa, Gimbiya Emila Adejola ta yi sarauta a matsayin Regent har zuwa rasuwarta a shekara ta 2006. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2006 ne aka naɗa mahaifinsa sarauta a matsayin, Olu na garin Olode na farko a karamar hukumar Ife ta Kudu a jihar Osun a Najeriya.
Ilimi
Ya yi karatun firamari a makarantar; SS Peter and Paul Roman Catholic School, da ke Ile-Ife sannan ya yi sakandari a St. John Grammar School Ile-Ife, Jihar Osun, Najeriya daga shekara ta 1972 zuwa shekara ta 1977.
Daga nan ya halarci Federal Polytechnic Owo da ke jihar Ondo a Najeriya. Daga nan ya zauna jarabawar (Full Technological Certificate Examinations) a Kwalejin Fasaha, Reading UK, kuma yaci jarabawar, har-wayau ya sami satifiket na shaidar difloma a fannin, Electrical/Electronics Engineering.
Omisore yana da digiri na injiniya ƙwara biyu da satifiket na shaidar digiri na biyu-(Master's) daga Jami'ar Brunel Uxbridge, da kuma digiri na uku-(PhD) a fannin Kudi na Infrastructure daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Duniya, Paris, Faransa. A halin yanzu yana gudanar da shirinsa na DBA a wannan cibiyar. Abokin Cibiyar Injiniyan Injiniya, Ingila da Wales, ya yi kwasa-kwasai da dama a manyan manyan cibiyoyi daban-daban ciki har da Jami'ar Georgetown, Washington DC, Amurka; Kwalejin ABS, Athens, Girka; Jami'ar Carolina; Kwalejin Yammacin London ; Jami'ar Harvard da Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklungg GmbH, Jamus.
A cikin watan Janairu a shekara ta 2013, ya kammala kuma an ba shi Digiri na Doctorate daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Duniya a Paris.
Kasuwanci
Ya fara rayuwarsa ta farko ta ƙwararrun a shekara ta 1983 tare da Drake da Gordham yayin da yake zaune a Burtaniya, yana cigaba da samun manyan muƙamai na gudanarwa. Bayan shekaru biyu, (division, Drake and Scull (Nig) Ltd) ya dawo da shi Najeriya inda ya kara baje basirar gudanar da ayyuka. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfanonin injiniya; Mechelec Consultants –an Engineering Consultancy outfit and Chrisore Eng Ltd - kamfanin Injiniyan Lantarki.
Yayin da kamfanin, Drake da Scull Nig. Ltd, ya kula da aikin gina filayen saukar jiragen sama 19 da suka haɗa da sansanin sojojin sama na Makurdi da sauran ayyuka kamar su Sokoto da Makurdi Rice Mills, Taraku Oil Mills, Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami’ar Sokoto, Onitsha Flour Mills, Ginin Bankin Arewa (A yanzu Unity Bank). Bankin Duniya Ya Taimakawa Jihohin Plateau, Benue da Nasarawa Lafiya da Aikin Lantarki na Karkara na Imiringi a Jihar Bayelsa.
Mataimakin Gwamna
Omisore ya taɓa zama mataimakin gwamnan jihar Osun daga shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2003 a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Adebisi Akande.
Majalisar Dattawa
Ko da yake ana ci gaba da shari’a, an zaɓe shi a majalisar dattawa don wakiltar mazaɓar Osun ta gabas, a watan Afrilun a shekara ta 2003 ya yi hidima wa jam’iyyar PDP kuma ya yi aiki har wa'adin sa ya kare a shekara ta 2007. An sake zaɓen shi a shekara ta 2007 kuma an naɗa shi kwamitocin harkokin 'yan sanda, gidaje, al'adu da yawon buɗe ido, sufurin jiragen sama da kuma rabon kayayyaki. A cikin watan Mayun shekarar 2008, an naɗa shi mamba a kwamitin haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa kan sake duba kundin tsarin mulki (JCCR). A watan Oktoban a shekara ta 2008, Omisore yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilan Najeriya a zauren majalisar shawara ta 5 a Santo Domingo, Jamhuriyar Dominican.
Takarar Gwamna
Ya tsaya takarar gwamnan jihar Osun a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar PDP, kuma ya sha kaye a zaɓen gwamnan a ranar 9 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2014 a hannun Rauf Aregbesola wanda shi ne gwamna mai ci. Ya tsaya takarar gwamna a dandalin jam’iyyar SDP a zaben gwamnan jihar Osun a shekara ta 2018 inda ya zo na uku a bayan Sanata Ademola Adeleke na jam’iyyar PDP sannan kuma Alhaji Gboyega Oyetola ya na jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress. (APC) ya lashe zaɓen.
Kyaututtuka da nasarori
An ba shi lambar yabo ta Shugabancin Kungiyar Injiniyoyi (NSE) don Tallafawa da Gudunmawa ga Ci gaban Al'umma a shekara ta 2007. Hakanan, an karrama shi da lambar yabo ta Firayim Minista don Babban Gudunmawa ga Ci gaban Sana'ar Injiniya da Al'umma lokacin da NSE ke bikin Jubilee na Zinare a cikin shekara ta 2008.
Alan Rake
Alan Rake (an haife shi a shekara ta 1933) ɗan jarida ne a jaridar da ake bugawa da turanci, kuma marubuci game da Afirka.
Ikot Udo
Ikot Udo ƙauye a ƙaramar hukumar Uruan a jihar Akwa Ibom a Najeriya.
Nahuel molina
Nahuel Molina haifaffen ɗan ƙasar Argentina ne, wanda suka taka rawar gani a yayin da suka taimakawa ƙasar su don ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a shekara ta 2022.
Alan Rake
Rayuwa
A cikin 1968 ya kasance editan labarai na Africa Confidential a takaice.
A cikin 1969 ya fara gyara a mujallar African Development da ake bugawa duk wata-wata daga Landan, daga baya aka sake mata suna izuwa New African. Ya kasance a can a matsayin edita har zuwa ritayarsa a shekarar 1999.
Kaban Mupopo
Tarihin Rayuwa
Mupopo ta fara buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun tana 'yar shekara 11, wanda ɗan'uwanta ya yi masa nuni. Ta taka leda a Green Buffaloes FC da kuma tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Zambia; A matsayinta na kyaftin, ta jagoranci Zambia zuwa gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2014, inda aka fitar da su a matakin rukuni.
Mupopo ta karbi wasannin motsa jiki a cikin bazara na shekarar 2014, inda ta yi gudun mita 53.44 na tsawon mita 400 a taronta na farko a hukumance. Ta wakilci Zambia a gasar Commonwealth na 2014 a Glasgow, inda ta yi 53.09 kuma an fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na karshe. A watan Agusta, ta ci azurfa a 51.21 a gasar cin kofin Afirka a Marrakech, ta karya tarihin Zambia; Ta yi hasarar zinarin ga Folashade Abugan 'yar Najeriya, wacce ta yi gudu a lokaci guda, a wani photo-finish. Mupopo ta cancanci wakiltar Afirka a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta 2014 IAAF, kuma a Marrakech, inda ta zama ta hudu kuma ta inganta tarihinta na kasa zuwa 50.87. Mupopo ta samu tallafin karatu na tsawon watanni 18 daga kwamitin wasannin Olympic na Zambia a shekarar 2015, wanda ya sa ta mai da hankali kan wasannin motsa jiki ba kwallon kafa ba.
Mupopo ta fara halarta a gasar IAAF Diamond League a Doha a watan Mayun 2015, inda ta zo na bakwai a 51.88. A cikin watan Yuli 2015 ta gudu 50.86 a La Chaux-de-Fonds, ta inganta tarihinta na ƙasa da kashi ɗari na daƙiƙa ɗaya. An zabe ta a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar 2015 a birnin Beijing.
Titi Ogufere
Titi Ogufere mai zanen tsarin cikin gida ce ta Najeriya, mai tunani mai mahimmanci kuma mai wallafawa a Essential Media Group. Ita ce Shugabar Ƙirƙire Ƙirƙiren Ƙwararrun a Nijeriya. An kafa aikin lashe kyautar ne a cikin shekarar 2002 kuma tun daga lokacin ta kafa asalin kasa da kasa tare da ayyuka iri-iri masu yawa waɗanda ke da ƙayyadaddun mahallin, sabbin abubuwa, gwaji, mahimmanci da ka'idoji.
Ranar tunani ta duniya
Ranar Tunani a Duniya Ana gudanar da bikin ranar tunani ta duniya duk shekara a ranar 22 ga watan fabrairu ga dukkanin ƙungiyoyin kula da ‎ƴan matan. Ana kuma gudanar da bikin ne a kunyoyi daban daban a duniya baki daya. Rana ce da ake tunawa da ‎‎an uwa mata (da kuma ‎‎an uwa maza) a kowace kasa a duniya maánar kula da kuma tasirin da wannan rana take dashi a duniya baki daya.
A koda yaushe kungiyar kulka da ‎anmatan Najeriya na zabar muhimman matsaloli na duniya da suka shafi ‎‎‎ÿa‎ya mata su zama jigon abunda zaá tattauna a wannan rana.Kungiyar kukla da yanmatan tan amafani da wannna dama domin tayi godia da kuma karantar aládun wasu kasashen,da kuma daidaito wajen kara wayar da kan jamaá da hankali akan damuwar duniya.Ana karbar gudummawa a ranar gudanar da bikin wannann rana domin temakawa kungiyar kula da ‎yan mata. 22 na watan Fabrairu itace ranar da aka zaba saboda shine ranar zagayowar haihuwar wanda ya kafa kuniyar kula da ‎yan mata ta duniya.
Al'adu da Ayyuka
Kowace shekara a ranar 22 na watan fabrairu,Ýan mata daga Garin Burgins a wani wuri da ake kira da Auckland a Kasar New Zealand,suna tashi da asuba,da sauran duhu kafin gari ya waye,su tafi su hau tsaunin Maungawhau/Mount Eden.Anan suna hada wuta da kuma tutar maáikata ,a lokacin da rana take fitowa a saman gulbin su kuma suna daga tutar su ta kungiyar kulawa ta duniya kuma suna rera wakar duniya,suna Magana da wasu mutane da sauran kasashen da suke tunani akan su,sannan su fara da “TUNANI BABBA” wanda yake tafiya tsakanin duniya baki daya.
A lokacin da satin ranar tunani na duniya yake mastowa,kungiyoyin kula da ‎‎yan mat ana duniya daga bangarori daban-daban suna haduwa a ScoutLink,su tattauna a tsakanin sus u kuma gudanar da bikin magabatansu.Wasu membobi daga cikin kungiyoyin kula da ‎yanmata suna amfani da wannan dama suyi aiki tare da tagwainiyar su ,kamar Canada da kuma Dominica.
Wata aláda guda daya da kowane memba na kungiya ke da ita shine,suna kunna kyandir su dora a saman taga loakin da maraice yayi “WANNAN SHINE DAN KARAMIN HASKEN KULAWA TA,KUMA ZAN BARI YA HASKAKA”
Kwallon kafa a Sudan ta Kudu
Hukumar kula da wasan ƙwallon ƙafar Sudan ta Kudu ce ke gudanar da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar Sudan ta Kudu. Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, da kuma gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa. Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shi ne wasan da ya fi shahara a Sudan ta Kudu.
Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Matan Kasar Kamaru 'Yan Kasa da Shekaru 17
Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Kamaru ta kasa da shekaru 17 ta, wakilci Kamaru a gasar kwallon kafa ta matasa ta kasa da kasa.
FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya
Kungiyar ta cancanta a shekarar 2016
Abdul Halim Abdulrahman
Haji Abdul Halim bin Abdul Rahman (10 Nuwamba 1939 - 22 Agusta 2022) ɗan siyasar ƙasar Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin Menteri Besar na Kelantan daga shekarar 1990 zuwa ta 2004, memba ne na  Majalisar dokokin jihar Kelantan (MLA) na Banggol daga watan Agustan 1986 zuwa watan Afrilun 1995 da  Chepa daga watan Maris ɗin 2004 zuwa watan Mayun 2013. Ya kasance memba kuma ma'ajin jam'iyyar Malaysia Islamic Party (MIP), jam'iyya mai mulki Perikatan Nasional (PN) kuma a da Pakistan Rakiyat (PR) kawancen adawa.
Ikot Udo Adia
Ikot Udo Adia ƙauye ne a ƙaramar hukumar Etinan a jihar Akwa Ibom.
Oke Seri
Oke Seri wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Emure dake jihar Ekiti, a Najeriya.
Biyi Bandele
farkon rayuwa
an haife shi a kaduna a cikin garin kafanchan ya zama mai rubuce rubuce yaci gasar rubutu a cikin shekarar 2014 ya koma da zama a lagos a cikin shekarar 1987 ya karanta dirama a university ta ile ife
Boma Goodhead
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Boma a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1970 ga Melford Dokubo, tsohon Alƙalin babbar kotu ta Najeriya. Ta fito daga Buguma a ƙaramar hukumar Asari-Toru a jihar Ribas. Ita ce ƙanwar Asari Dokubo.
Rigima
A yayin taron kwamitin a 2017, ta yi zargin cewa ta yi barazanar "karya kai" ɗan majalisa, Razak Atunwa wanda ya rubuta Wasiƙa zuwa ga shugaban ƙasa Goodluck Jonathan na lokacin, yana neman ya bayyana a gaban wani kwamitin wucin gadi don badaƙalar cin hanci.
Joshua Ogunlola
Joshua Ogunlola (an haife shi 19 Afrilu 1987) ɗan wasan cricket ne na Najeriya. Ya buga wasa a gasar 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division biyar.
Omaje
Omaje wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Emure dake jihar Ekiti, a Najeriya.
Oke Sett
Oke Sett wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Emure dake jihar Ekiti, a Najeriya.
Tsire
Tsire ana yin shi ne da danyen nama da za'a yan-yanka shi kanana da dan fadi sai a samu tsinki siriri sai a tsira shi a cikin tsinken sai a balbada mashi dakakken kuli kuli a kuma yayyafa mashi man gyada a daura bisa waya a gasa shi
Iyayen mu mata kuma nayin na tukunya a gida
Clint Eastwood
Clint Eastwood, Dan Film, Mai bada Umarni kuma Mai Shiryawa a masana'antar Hollywood dake kasar America. An haifeshi a 30 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1930.
Roberts Ogunduyile
Farfesa Sunday Roberts Ogunduyile Malami ne dan asalin kasar Najeriya kuma manajan ilimi. A matsayinsa na Farfesa na Zane-zane na Masana'antu, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Makarantar Fasahar Muhalli a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Akure (FUTA) kuma a matsayin Daraktan Kamfanin cigaban Kasuwancin FUTA. A halin yanzu shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ondo.
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Arnold Schwarzenegger kwararren dan wasan kwaikwayon kasar austria da amurka ne kuma dan kasuwa, sannan mai shirya fina finai, haka zalika kuma dan siyasa.
Hakkin Dan'adam Na Ruwa Da Tsafta
Hakkin Dan Adam na Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli (HRWS), ƙa'ida ce wacce ta yarda cewa tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwar kowane mutum. Majalissar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi a matsayin 'yancin dan adam a ranar 28 ga Yulin shekarar 2010.
Bentley Mulsanne
Ciki na Mulsanne aikin fasaha ne, wanda aka ƙera shi don ƙazantar da mazauna tare da abubuwan ci gaba kamar tsarin infotainment na ƙima, hasken yanayi da za a iya daidaita shi, da zaɓin nishaɗin wurin zama na baya. Ana kula da fasinjojin da ke zama na baya zuwa ga keɓantaccen ƙwarewa da kwanciyar hankali, tare da zaɓuɓɓuka don tebur mai ninkewa, tulun tsummoki mai zurfi, har ma da mai sanyaya champagne.
Hakkin Dan'adam Na Ruwa Da Tsafta
HRWS an amince da ita a cikin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ta yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam, sanarwa da sauran ƙa'idojin. Da Wasu masu sharhi sun samo 'yancin ɗan adam na ruwa fiye da ƙudurin Babban Taro daga Mataki na 11.1 na Yarjejeniyar Tattalin Arziƙi, Tattalin Arziki da Al'adu (ICESCR), suna mai da ita dokar data zama ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa. Sauran yarjejeniyoyin da suka amince da HRWS a fili sun hada da Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wasu nau'ikan nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW) da kuma 1989 na 'yancin yara (CRC). Kudurin farko game da HRWS an zartar da shi ne daga Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 2010. Sun yarda cewa akwai haƙƙin ɗan adam na tsaftar da ke da nasaba da haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa, tun da rashin tsafta na rage ingancin ruwa a ƙasashen, saboda haka tattaunawar da ta biyo baya ta cigaba da jaddada haƙƙin biyu tare. A watan Yulin shekarata 2010, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Majalisar Dinkin Duniya) Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Resolution 64/292 sun amince da 'yancin dan Adam na karbar ingantaccen, mai araha, da tsaftataccen ruwan sha da ayyukan tsafta. A lokacin waccan Babban Taron, ta yarda da hakan don fahimtar jin daɗin rayuwa da duk haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam, lafiyayye da tsaftataccen ruwan sha da kuma tsabtace muhalli a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam. Yarda da samun damar tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsafta a matsayin 'yancin ɗan adam na kyauta a cikin Babban Taron Majalisar (64/292) ya kawo mahimmancin kulawar gwamnati a duk duniya. Cikan rayuwa mai amfani da lafiya zai gudana ta hanyar fahimtar muhimmancin samun ruwa mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli.
Opticum
Opticum wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Emure dake jihar Ekiti, a Najeriya.
Hakkin Dan'adam Na Ruwa Da Tsafta
Wani sabon kudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka yi wa kwaskwarima a shekarar 2015 ya nuna cewa hakkokin biyu sun banbanta da juna to amma sun daidaita.
Chris Evans
Chris Evans ɗan wasan kwakwayo ne na qasar amurka ya fara babban aikinshi na wasan kwaikwayo ne a shekarai 2020 an haifeshi ne a watan yunin shekarai dubu daya da dari tara d tamanin da hudu
Hakkin Dan'adam Na Ruwa Da Tsafta
Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki da Al'adu a cikin Babban Sharhi na 15 ne ya fitar da ma'anar' yancin ɗan adam na ruwa a cikin sharhi 15 wanda aka tsara a shekarata 2002. Fassara ce ba ta ɗaure ba cewa samun ruwa sharadi ne na jin daɗin haƙƙin samun daidaituwar rayuwa, ba tare da rarrabuwa dangane da haƙƙin babban matakin samun lafiya, don haka haƙƙin ɗan adam. Sanarwar ta ce: "'Yancin mutum na ruwa ya ba kowa damar wadatacce, amintacce, karfin iko, mai isa ga jiki da kuma arha don amfanin kansa da na gida."
Bentley Mulsanne
Ƙaddamar da Bentley na sana'a mara misaltuwa a bayyane yake a cikin kujerun fata na hannun Mulsanne, daidaitattun labulen da suka dace, da cikakkun bayanan da aka gama da hannu a cikin ɗakin. Wannan kulawa ga daki-daki alama ce ta gadon Bentley, yana tabbatar da cewa kowane Mulsanne ƙwararren gwani ne.
Hakkin Dan'adam Na Ruwa Da Tsafta
HRWS ts tilastama gwamnatoci su tabbatar da cewa mutane za su iya jin daɗin inganci, wadatacce, karɓa, mai sauƙi, da ruwa mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli. domin samun rahusa ta amfani da ruwa yayi la’akari da yadda tsadar ruwa ya zama mai hana ruwa gudu har ya buƙaci mutum ya sadaukar da kai ga wasu kayayyaki da aiyuka masu mahimmanci. Gabaɗaya, ƙa'idar babban yatsa don wadatar ruwa ita ce kada ta wuce 3-5% na kuɗin shigar iyalai. Samun ruwa yana la'akari da lokacin da aka ɗauka, na dacewa don isa tushen da haɗarin da ke ciki yayin isa ga asalin ruwa. Ruwa dole ne ya kasance mai isa ga kowane ɗan ƙasa, ma'ana cewa bai kamata ruwa ya wuce mita dubu 1,000 ko ƙafa 3,280 ba kuma dole ne ya kasance cikin minti 30. Samuwar ruwa yayi la'akari da cewa shin ana samun wadatar ruwa a wadatacce, abin dogaro da cigaba. Ingancin ruwa yana la'akari da gane ko ruwa mai lafiya ne don amfani, gami da sha ko wasu ayyukan. Don karɓar ruwa, dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙanshi kuma bai kamata ya ƙunshi kowane launi ba. ICESCR tana buƙatar ƙasashe masu rattaba hannu don samun cigaba da girmama duk haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam, gami da na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli dasu tabbatar da suna tsabbace dukkanin abinda ya dace na ruwa da muhallin su. Yakamata suyi aiki cikin sauri dan inganci don haɓaka samun dama da haɓaka sabis. dama wasu abubuwan more rayuwa
Yanayin duniya
Hukumar Kula da Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya ta WHO / UNICEF don samar da Ruwa da Tsabtace Muhalli ta ba da rahoton cewa mutane kimanin miliyan 663 ba su sami ingantattun samun ruwan sha ba kuma sama da mutane biliyan 2.4 ba su da damar samun ayyukan tsabtace muhalli a shekarar 2015. Samun ruwa mai tsafta babbar matsala ce ga sassan duniya da dama. Kafofin da za a yarda da su sun hada da "hanyoyin sadarwar gida, bututun jama'a, rijiyoyin burtsatse, rijiyoyin da aka tona, kare maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da tattara ruwa. Kodayake kashi 9 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen duniya ba su da ruwa, amma akwai "yankuna da aka jinkirta musamman, kamar Saharar Afirka". Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kara jaddada cewa "kimanin yara miliyan 1.5 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar ke mutuwa a kowace shekara kuma an rasa ranakun zuwan su makaranta miliyan 443 saboda cututtukan da suka shafi ruwa da tsafta."
Tushen shari'a da amincewa
Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki da Al'adu (ICESCR) na shekarar 1966 ta tsara haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewar jama'a, da al'adujin wanda aka samo a cikin Sanarwar Duniya kan' Yancin Dan Adam (UDHR) ta shekarar 1948. Babu ɗayan waɗannan takardu na farko da aka yarda da haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsafta. Manyan yarjejeniyoyin kare haƙƙin bil'adama na ƙasa da ƙasa daga baya, duk da haka, suna da tanaji waɗanda suka bayyana haƙƙin samun ruwa da tsafta.
"Dokar 'Yancin Dan-Adam ta Duniya" - wacce ta kunshi yarjejeniya ta shekarar 1966: Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa (ICCPR); 1966: Labari na 11 da na 12 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa da Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki, da Al'adu (ICERS); a shekarar 1948: Mataki na ashirin da biyar 25 na Bayyanar da Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam (UDHR) sun yi rubuce-rubucen canjin' yancin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli da sauran haƙƙoƙin da ke da alaƙa da ruwa da za a amince da su a cikin dokar duniya.
Har ila yau, masanan sun yi kira ga muhimmancin yiwuwar amincewa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da 'yancin bil'adama ga ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a ƙarshen karni na ashirin. Yunkuri biyu na farko don ayyana 'yancin ɗan adam na ruwa ya fito ne daga farfesa masanin shari'a Stephen McCaffrey na Jami'ar Pacific a 1992 da Dokta Peter Gleick a 1999. McCaffrey ya bayyana cewa "Irin wannan haƙƙin ana iya yin tunaninsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na haƙƙin abinci ko abinsha, haƙƙin lafiya, ko mafi mahimmanci, haƙƙin rayuwa. Gleick ya kara da cewa: "samun damar samun ruwa na asali hakki ne na dan'adam a fili kuma a bayyane yake da goyon bayan dokokin kasa da kasa, ayyanawa, da kuma aikin Gwamnati."
Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Al'adu da Al'adu (CESCR) wanda ke kula da bin ka'idojin ICESCR ya zo ga yanke shawara iri ɗaya kamar yadda waɗannan masanan suka yi da Babban Sharhi na 15 a 2002. Ya gano cewa haƙƙin ruwa a fakaice ɓangare ne na haƙƙin samun daidaito na rayuwa kuma yana da alaƙa da haƙƙin babban matakin samun lafiya da haƙƙin samun isassun gidaje da isasshen abinci. Ya bayyana cewa "'Yancin ɗan adam na ruwa ya ba kowa damar wadatacce, amintacce, karɓa, mai wadataccen jiki da kuma araha don amfanin kansa da na gida. Adadin ruwa mai lafiya ya zama dole don hana mutuwa daga rashin ruwa, don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar da ruwa da kuma samar da amfani, girki, buƙatun tsafta na mutum da na gida. ” Countriesasashe da yawa sun amince kuma bisa ƙa'ida sun yarda da haƙƙin ruwa don kasancewa wani ɓangare na wajibai na yarjejeniyarsu a ƙarƙashin ICESCR (misali, Jamus; United Kingdom;  Netherlands  ) bayan wallafa Babban Magana 15.
Wani tsohon mataki na karamin kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Karewa da Kare Hakkokin Dan-Adam ya sake daukar wani mataki a 2005 wanda ya ba da ka'idoji don taimaka wa gwamnatoci don cimmawa da mutunta ‘yancin dan Adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun jagoranci Majalisar Rightsungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sanya Catarina de Albuquerque a matsayin ƙwararriyar masaniya kan batun haƙƙin ɗan adam da ya shafi samun ruwa mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli a shekarar 2008. Ta rubuta cikakken rahoto a cikin 2009 wanda ya bayyana wajibcin hakkin dan adam na tsaftace muhalli, kuma CESCR ta amsa ta hanyar bayyana cewa ya kamata dukkan jihohi su amince da tsaftar muhalli.
Bayan tattaunawa mai karfi, kasashe 122 a hukumance sun amince da "'Yancin Dan Adam na Ruwa da Tsabtace Muhalli" a Babban Kudurin Majalisar 64/292 a ranar 28 ga Yulin 2010. na gida (tsakanin lita 50 zuwa 100 na ruwa ga kowane mutum a kowace rana), duk wasu na ganin shifa ruwa kawai kayi amfani da shi ne a inda ka tsinci kan wanda dole ne ya kasance mai aminci, karɓa kuma mai araha (farashin ruwa bai wuce 3% na kudin shiga na gida), da kuma samun karfin jiki (tushen ruwan ya kasance tsakanin mita 1000 na gida kuma lokacin tarawa bai kamata ya wuce minti 30 ba). ” Babban taron ya ayyana cewa tsabtataccen ruwan sha yana da "mahimmanci ga cikakken jin daɗin rayuwa da sauran 'yancin ɗan adam". A watan Satumban 2010, Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya zartar da wani kuduri wanda ya amince da cewa 'yancin dan Adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli na daga cikin ' yancin samun cikakken yanayin rayuwa.
Kotun Tsakanin Amurka da 'Yancin Dan Adam
An yi la’akari da haƙƙin ruwa a cikin Kotun Tsakiyar Amurka da ke Yancin Dan Adam na Humanungiyar Asalin Sawhoyamaxa v. Paraguay. Batutuwan sun shafi jihohi ne na rashin amincewa da haƙƙin mallakar communitiesan asalin overan asalin yankin kakanninsu. A cikin 1991, jihar ta cire 'yan asalin garin na Sawhoyamaxa daga ƙasar wanda hakan ya haifar da asarar hanyoyin samun muhimman ayyukan su, kamar ruwa, abinci, makaranta da kuma ayyukan kiwon lafiya. Wannan ya faɗi ne tsakanin theungiyar Yarjejeniyar Amurka akan 'Yancin Dan Adam ; shigar da hakkin rayuwa. Ruwa yana cikin wannan haƙƙin, a zaman wani ɓangare na samun damar ƙasa. Kotuna sun bukaci a mayar da filayen, a bayar da diyya, sannan a aiwatar da kayan masarufi da aiyuka, yayin da al'umma ke cikin shirin dawo da filayensu.
Cibiyar Duniya don sasanta rikice-rikicen saka jari
Shari'un da ke tafe daga Cibiyar International Settlement of Settlement of Disputes ( ICSID ) sun shafi kwangilolin da aka kafa tsakanin gwamnatoci da hukumomi don kula da hanyoyin ruwa. Kodayake shari'o'in suna la'akari da tambayoyin saka hannun jari, masu shiri na taka rawa sosai wajen ganin an tabbatar da adalci a kotuna game da filayen mutane. Bayanai na Bankin Duniya sun nuna cewa harkar ba da ruwa ta fara daga 1990s kuma ci gaba mai yawa a harkar cinikayyar ya ci gaba zuwa 2000s.
Azurix Corp v. Ajantina
Babban sananne na farko game da haƙƙin ruwa a cikin ICSID shine na Azurix Corp v. Ajantina. Rikicin ya kasance tsakanin Jamhuriyar Ajantina da Kamfanin Azurix dangane da sabanin da ya taso daga kwantiragin shekaru 30 tsakanin bangarorin don gudanar da aikin samar da ruwa na larduna daban-daban. An yi la'akari game da haƙƙin ruwa a bayyane yayin lokacin sasantawa don biyan diyya, inda aka gudanar da cewa Azurix na da haƙƙin dawo da adalci kan ƙimar kasuwa na saka hannun jari. Wannan ya kasance maimakon dala miliyan 438.6 da aka nema, yana mai ambaton cewa dan kasuwa mai hankali ba zai iya tsammanin irin wannan dawowar ba, idan aka yi la’akari da iyakokin karin farashin ruwa da ci gaban da za a bukata don tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki, tsarin ruwa mai tsafta.
Biwater Gauff Ltd v. Tanzania
Abu na biyu, irin wannan karar da ICSID ta fuskanta shine na Biwater Gauff Ltd v. Tanzania. Wannan ya sake kasancewa batun kamfanin ruwa mai zaman kansa a cikin takaddama ta kwantiragi da gwamnati, a wannan karon Jamhuriyar Tanzania ce. Wannan kwangilar ta kasance don aiki da gudanar da tsarin ruwan Dar es Salaam. A watan Mayu 2005, gwamnatin Tanzaniya ta kawo karshen kwangilar da Biwater Gauff saboda zargin rashin cika alkawuran aiki. A watan Yulin 2008, Kotun ta fitar da hukuncin ta game da karar, inda ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin Tanzania ta karya yarjejeniyar da ta kulla da Biwater Gauff. bata bada komai, yarda da cewa damuwar jama'a ita ce mafi mahimmanci a cikin takaddamar.
Eyo Atang
Eyo Atang ƙauyen ne a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Udung Uko a jihar Akwa Ibom a Najeriya.
Hakkin Dan'adam Na Ruwa Da Tsafta
'Yancin ruwa a cikin dokar gida
Ba tare da kasancewar ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da za ta iya tilasta ta ba, haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa ya dogara da ayyukan kotunan ƙasa. Tushen wannan an kafa shi ta hanyar tsarin mulki na haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu ya da kullum da akeyi ( ESCR ) ta ɗayan hanyoyi biyu: azaman "ƙa'idodin umarni" waɗanda suke da maƙasudai kuma galibi ba masu adalci ba ne; ko kamar yadda kariya ta musamman da tilasta aiwatarwa ta kotuna.
Afirka ta Kudu
A Afirka ta Kudu, haƙƙin samun ruwa yana cikin tsarin mulki kuma ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun. Wannan hujja ce ta sauyin sauyi kaɗan na dabara ta biyu ta tsarin mulki wanda ake kira "ƙirar dokokin ƙira". Wannan yana nufin cewa babban ɓangare na abun ciki da aiwatar da haƙƙin an yi ƙa'idar ƙa'idar gida ta yau da kullun tare da wasu tsayuwa na tsarin mulki.
Mazaunan Bon Vista Mansions v. Karamar Hukumar Kudancin Birni
Babban sananne na farko wanda kotuna suka aikata shine Mazaunan Bon Vista Mansions v. Karamar Hukumar Kudancin Birni. Mazauna wani rukunin gidaje (Bon Vista Mansions) ne suka kawo karar, biyo bayan yankewar ruwan da karamar hukumar ta yi, sakamakon rashin biyan kudin ruwan Wanda hakan ya sanya su cikin matsi. Kotun ta ce bisa biyayya ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu, cewa a tsarin mulki ya kamata dukkan mutane su sami ruwa a matsayin 'yanci.
Arin dalilan yanke shawara ya dogara da Janar Sharhi 12 kan Hakkin Abinci, wanda Kwamitin Majalisar oninkin Duniya kan Economicancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya sanya wa waɗanda ke cikin yarjejeniyar wajibcin kiyayewa da mutunta damar samun wadataccen abinci da ke akwai ta hanyar rashin aiwatarwa duk wani matakan cin amana.
Kotun ta gano cewa dakatar da tushen ruwan da ake da shi, wanda bai bi ka'idojin "adalci da ma'ana" na Dokar Sabis na Ruwan Afirka ta Kudu ba, ya saba wa doka. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yanke shawara ta riga ta kasance kafin a amince da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Shafi na 15.
Mazibuko v. Birnin Johannesburg
An ci gaba da tattauna yawan ruwan da za'a bayar a cikin Mazibuko v. Birnin Johannesburg. Shari'ar ta shafi rarraba ruwa ta bututu zuwa Phiri, ɗayan tsofaffin yankuna na Soweto. Wannan shari'ar ta shafi manyan batutuwa biyu: shin ko manufar garin game da samar da ruwan sha kyauta, kilogram 6 a kowane wata ga kowane mai asusun a cikin garin ya ci karo da Sashe na 27 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu ko Sashe na 11 na Ayyukan Ruwa. Dokar. Batu na biyu kasancewar shin ko girka mitatun ruwa da aka riga aka biya ya halatta. An gudanar dashi a babbar kotun cewa dokokin garin basu bada damar sanya mitoci ba sannan kuma sanya su haramtacce ne. Bugu da ari, yayin da mitoci suka dakatar da samar da ruwa zuwa mazauni da zarar an gama samar da ruwan sha kyauta, wannan ana ganin dakatar da samar da ruwan ba bisa ka'ida ba. Kotun ta rike mazauna Phiri ya kamata a samar musu da ruwa na asali na lita 50 kowane mutum a kowace rana. Aikin Cibiyar Nazarin Nazarin Shari'a (CALS) na Jami'ar Witwatersrand a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu da Cibiyar Pacific a Oakland, California sun raba Kyautar Kyautar Kasuwanci ta Kasuwancin 2008 ta BENNY don aikin da suka yi a kan wannan shari'ar. Cibiyar Pacific Pacific ta ba da gudummawar shaidar shari'a bisa ga aikin Dr. Peter Gleick wanda ke bayyana haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da ƙididdigar bukatun ɗan adam na ruwa.
Manyan wadanda ake kara sun gabatar da karar zuwa Kotun Koli ta Koli ( SCA ) wacce ta tabbatar da cewa an tsara manufofin ruwa na gari ne bisa kuskuren kayan aiki na doka dangane da wajibin garin na samar da mafi karancin saiti a Tsarin Afirka ta Kudu, saboda haka aka ware shi. Kotun ta kuma rike adadin don kasancewar mutum mai mutunci kamar yadda sashi na 27 na kundin tsarin mulki ya nuna a zahiri lita 42 na kowane mutum a kowace rana maimakon lita 50 na mutum daya a kowace rana. Hukumar ta SCA ta bayyana cewa sanya mitocin ruwa ya sabawa doka, amma ta dakatar da umarnin na tsawon shekaru biyu domin ba wa garin damar gyara lamarin.
Indiya
Laifuka biyu da suka fi shahara a Indiya game da haƙƙin ruwa suna misalta cewa kodayake ba a kiyaye wannan a bayyane a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Indiya, kotuna sun fassara ta cewa haƙƙin rayuwa ya haɗa da haƙƙin samun lafiya da isasshen ruwa.
Delhi Ruwayar v. Jihar Haryana
Anan wata takaddama ta amfani da ruwa ta samo asali saboda gaskiyar cewa jihar Haryana tana amfani da Kogin Jamuna don ban ruwa, yayin da mazaunan Delhi suke buƙatar hakan da nufin sha. Anyi la'akari da cewa amfani da gida ya wuce yadda ake amfani da ruwa kuma kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa Haryana dole ne ta ba da isasshen ruwa don zuwa Delhi don amfani da amfanin gida.
Subhash Kumar v. Jihar Bihar
Har ila yau sananne shine batun Subhash Kumar v. Jihar Bihar, inda aka shigar da kwararar kwararar abubuwa daga kayan wanki zuwa Kogin Bokaro ta hanyar shari'ar bukatun jama'a. Kotuna sun gano cewa haƙƙin rai, kamar yadda doka ta 21 ta Tsarin Mulki na Indiya ta tanada, ya haɗa da haƙƙin more ruwa mara ƙazanta. Shari'ar ta gaza kan hujjojin kuma an gabatar da cewa ba a gabatar da karar ba don wata maslaha ta jama'a ba amma don bukatun mai karar ne don haka ci gaba da shari'ar na iya zama cin zarafin aiki.
'Yancin Duniya na Ranar Ruwa
Ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar rayayyun halittu gami da mutane. Sabili da haka, samun ruwa mai tsabta da isasshe haƙƙin ɗan adam ne wanda ba za a iya raba shi ba. Saboda haka, Eco Needs Foundation (ENF) yana ganin ya zama dole a amince da haƙƙin ruwa (tare da tabbatar da ƙarancin adadin ruwa) ta hanyar dacewa da aka gabatar da doka. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tare da alkawurra da dama sun wajabta ta ga dukkan kasashe don tabbatar da raba ruwa daidai tsakanin dukkan 'yan kasa. Dangane da haka, ENF ya fara lura da inganta bikin Ranar 'Yancin Duniya na Ruwa a ranar 20 ga Maris, ranar da Dokta Babasaheb Ambedkar ("mahaifin Indiya ta zamani") ya jagoranci satyagraha na farko a duniya don ruwa a 1927. Ranar Ranar 'Yancin Ruwa ta Duniya ta yi kira da a zartar da doka ta musamman da ta kafa' yancin samun ruwa a duniya. A karkashin jagorancin wanda ya kirkiro Dr Priyanand Agale, ENF ta shirya shirye-shirye iri-iri da dama don tabbatar da 'yancin samun ruwa ga yan kasar ta Indiya.
New Zealand
Ba a kariya ga ESCR a bayyane a cikin New Zealand a halin yanzu, ko dai ta Rightsancin Dan Adam ko Dokar 'Yancin Hakkoki, saboda haka ba a kare haƙƙin ruwa a wurin. Lawungiyar Doka ta New Zealand ta kwanan nan ta nuna cewa wannan ƙasar za ta ba da ƙarin haske ga matsayin doka na haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu.
Amurka
A cikin Pilchen v. Birnin Auburn, New York, wata uwa mai suna Diane Pilchen tana zaune a matsayin hayar haya a wani gida da aka killace, wanda mai shi (mai gidan) ya kasa biyan kudin ruwa na wani lokaci. Birnin Auburn ya biya Pilchen bashin bashin mai gida, kuma ta rufe hidimarta na ruwa ba tare da sanarwa ba lokacin da ta kasa biyan wadannan basussukan, wanda hakan yasa gidan ba mai zama. Gari ya la'anci gidan kuma ya tilastawa Pilchen da ɗanta su ƙaura. Pilchen ya sami wakilcin Projectungiyar Dokar Ba da Amfani da Jama'a ta New York (PULP) a cikin ƙarar. Birnin Auburn ya yi ƙoƙari ba tare da nasara ba don jayayya cewa ruwa ba haƙƙin tsarin mulki ba ne saboda ana iya amfani da ruwan kwalba a maimakon haka, wata hujja da PULP ta yi takara a matsayin wauta. A cikin 2010, Pilchen ta yi nasarar yanke hukunci a inda ta yanke hukuncin cewa rufe ruwan ya keta hakkinta na tsarin mulki, kuma ba za a iya biyan Pilchen da dakatar da samun ruwa ba sakamakon jinkirin biyan wata kudin ruwa.
Tsayayyar Rock Sioux Tribe v. Armyungiyar Injiniyan Sojojin Amurka
A cikin 2016, akwai shahararren shari'ar da aka sani da Tsayayyar Rock Sioux Tribe v. Armyungiyar Injiniyan Sojojin Amurka, inda Sioux Tribe suka ƙalubalanci ginin Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). Wannan bututun danyen mai ya fadada sama da jihohi hudu, wanda ya hada da farawa a Dakota ta Arewa, sannan ya ratsa ta biyu ta Dakota ta Kudu da Iowa, ya ƙare a Illinois. Ajiyar Dutse na Tsaye yana kusa da kan iyakar Arewa da Dakota ta Kudu kuma an gina bututun a tsakanin rabin mil daga gare shi. Tunda an gina bututun a kusa da wurin ajiyar, kabilar sun ji tsoron cewa za a iya lalata mahimmancin tarihi da al'adun tafkin Oahe, duk da cewa bututun ba ya tafiya kai tsaye ta cikin tafkin. Tafkin Oahe yana ba da buƙatun ruwa na asali ga Kabilar Sioux kamar ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli. Gina bututun mai na nufin akwai yiwuwar fuskantar malalar mai a cikin tafkin Oahe, wanda ya sanya kabilar ta damu. Kabilar Sioux ta kai karar kamfanin na DAPL saboda sun yi amannar cewa kirkirar bututun ya sabawa dokar kare muhalli ta kasa (NEPA) da kuma dokar tarihi ta kasa (NHA). Bayan bayanin 2016, kotu ta kasa zuwa ga ƙarshe, don haka kotun ta yanke shawarar yin ƙarin bayanan. Bayan bayanai 5 da aka gabatar a 2017 da kuma bayani 1 a 2018, kotu ta ba da izinin gina bututun, amma kabilar ta Rock Rock na ci gaba da gwagwarmaya don ganin an cire bututun.
Ostiraliya
Hankali a Ostiraliya yana kan haƙƙin ofan Asalin Australiya na ruwa da tsafta. Tarihin mulkin mallaka-ya mamaye mulkin yau da ke tsara tsarin amfani da ruwa ga 'yan asalin Australiya. Akwai yarjejeniyoyin gwamnati da yawa, amma mafi yawansu basu cika yin tasiri sosai ga ikon mallakar toan asalin ƙasar na samun ruwa da tsafta ba A cikin <i id="mwAVo">Mabo v Queensland</i>, 1992, an amince da haƙƙin ativean ativean asali bisa doka a karon farko. 'Yan asalin ƙasar Australiya galibi suna da'awar alaƙar al'adu da ƙasar. Kodayake "al'adu" an san shi a cikin kotu kamar albarkatun ƙasa, al'adun gargajiyar da ruhaniya na Aborigines don shayar da jiki suna da ban tsoro. Yana da kalubale amma ana buƙata don ƙetare darajar al'adunsu da na ruhaniya zuwa fagen shari'a. A yanzu, kusan babu wani ci gaba.
Dokar ruwa ta Ostiraliya tana tsara ruwan ƙasa don 'yan ƙasa waɗanda zasu iya amfani da ruwan ƙasa amma ba za su iya mallaka ba. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, duk da haka, babu wani kwatanci game da cikin ruwa da kuma na ruwa. Sabili da haka, yanayin haƙƙin haƙƙin ruwa na ruwa / raƙuman ruwa sune farkon ayyukanta na jihar. Gwamnatin Commonwealth ta sami iko kan ruwa ta hanyar aron taimakon alaƙar waje, gami da rantsarfin Ba da Talla, Kasuwanci da Comarfin Kasuwanci.
A watan Yunin 2004, CoAC ta kulla wata yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatoci kan shirin National Water Initiative (NWI), don inganta amincewa da 'yan asalin yankin na ruwa. Koyaya, NWI bata damu sosai game da rikitaccen tarihin mulkin-mallaka ba, wanda ya haifar da tsari mai kyau na rarraba ruwa. 'Yan asalin Australiya koyaushe suna neman haƙƙin samun ruwa.
Tasirin wuce gona da iri
Ganin cewa samun ruwa shine tushen damuwa da rikice rikice a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Bahar Rum da sassan Arewacin Amurka tsakanin sauran wurare, wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da masana suna jayayya cewa haƙƙin samun ruwa kuma yana da yanayin canjin ƙasa ko na waje. Suna jayayya cewa idan aka yi la’akari da cewa samar da ruwa a dabi'ance ya wuce kuma ya tsallaka kan iyakoki, jihohi ma suna da hurumin doka kada su yi aiki ta hanyar da ka iya yin mummunan tasiri ga jin daɗin haƙƙin ɗan adam a wasu jihohin. Amincewa da wannan aikin na doka na iya hana mummunan tasirin tasirin "matsalar ruwa" a duniya (a matsayin barazanar nan gaba da sakamako mara kyau na yawan mutane ). Karancin ruwa da kuma yawan amfani da ruwan sha na sanya wannan haƙƙin ya zama mai rikitarwa. Yayinda yawan mutanen duniya ke karuwa cikin sauri, karancin ruwa zai haifar da matsaloli da yawa. Karancin ruwa mai yawa ya kawo batun ko ya kamata a canza ruwa daga wata ƙasa zuwa wata.
Rigimar ruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan
Takaddama kan ruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan ta rinjayi ƙarancin ruwa a yankin Asiya ta Kudu. Kasashen biyu suna da wata yarjejeniya wacce aka riga aka sani da Yarjejeniyar Ruwan Indus. An kafa yarjejeniyar ne don takaita rikici tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan dangane da amfani da kogin Indus da kuma samar da ruwa ga kasashen biyu bayan da kasashen suka sami 'yencin kai. Koyaya, rashin jituwa game da shi ya bayyana. A cewar yarjejeniyar, an bar Indiya ta yi amfani da gabar kogin yamma don ban ruwa da kuma dalilan da ba na cuwa-cuwa ba, yayin da Pakistan ke da rinjaye a kan jirgin. Koyaya, Pakistan ta nuna damuwarta cewa ginin Indiya akan kogunan na iya haifar da matsanancin ƙarancin ruwa a Pakistan. Bugu da ƙari, Pakistan ta yi furucin cewa ana iya amfani da madatsun ruwan da Indiya ta gina don dalilai marasa amfani don juya ruwa da kuma kawo cikas ga samar da ruwan Pakistan. Bugu da kari, yarjejeniyar ta shafi kogunan da suka samo asali daga Jammu da Kashmir, wadanda aka cire su daga kula da jikinsu na ruwa.
Kasuwancin ruwa da samarda jiha
Akwai takaddama game da wanda, idan kowa, alhakin sa ne don tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsafta. Sau da yawa, makarantun tunani guda biyu suna fitowa daga irin wannan maganganun: hakkin jihar ne ta samar da damar samun ruwa mai tsafta ga mutane ta hanyar ba da tallafi da tsabtace muhalli.
Ana ba da kasuwancin ruwa a matsayin amsa ga ƙarancin ƙarancin ruwa wanda ya haifar saboda yawan mutanen duniya sau uku yayin da buƙatar ruwa ya ƙaru sau shida. Ka'idodin muhalli na kasuwa suna amfani da kasuwanni azaman mafita ga matsalolin muhalli kamar lalacewar muhalli da rashin amfani da albarkatu. Magoya bayan masana harkokin tsabtace muhalli sun yi imanin cewa sarrafa ruwa a matsayin fa'idar tattalin arziki ta kamfanoni masu zaman kansu zai kasance mafi inganci fiye da gwamnatocin samar da albarkatun ruwa ga 'yan ƙasa . Irin wadannan masu ikirarin suna ikirarin cewa kudin da gwamnati ke kashewa don bunkasa abubuwan more rayuwa don rabon albarkatun ruwa bai cancanci amfanin kadan na samar da ruwa ba, don haka suke ganin jihar a matsayin mai samar da ruwa mara tasiri. Bugu da ƙari, ana jayayya cewa sake ruwa yana haifar da ci gaba da gudanar da ruwa mai ɗorewa saboda ƙarfin tattalin arziƙi ga masu amfani da su don amfani da ruwa yadda ya kamata.
Abokan adawar sun yi imanin cewa sakamakon ruwa kasancewar haƙƙin ɗan adam ne ban da sa hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kuma yana buƙatar a ba da ruwa ga dukkan mutane saboda yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwa. Samun ruwa a matsayin 'yancin ɗan adam da wasu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke amfani da shi a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da yunƙurin sayar da kamfanoni. 'Yancin ɗan adam na samun ruwa "galibi yana kan dalilai biyu: rashin maye gurbin ruwan sha (" mai mahimmanci ga rayuwa "), da kuma gaskiyar cewa wasu haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da yawa waɗanda aka yarda da su a fili a cikin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya an tsara su a kan (ɗauka) samun ruwa (misali ' yancin cin abinci ). "