cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Florence Koehler ne adam wata
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ta koma Roma a cikin 1930s.A watan Janairun 1944,lafiyarta ta gaza kuma aka kai ta asibiti inda aka gano tana da ciwon daji. Ta mutu a Roma a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1944. Koehler ta bar kayanta zuwa Sharpe, wanda ta shirya nunin aikinta a cikin 1948.An ba da gudummawar tarin kayan adonta da zane-zane ga Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island da Gidan Tarihi na Everson,bi da bi. Tarin takardunta da wasiƙun nata na ƙarƙashin ɗakin karatu na Arthur da Elizabeth Schlesinger akan Tarihin Mata a Amurka a Harvard.
Federico Chiesa
Federico Chiesa Cavaliere OMRI ( Italian pronunciation: [fedeˈriːko ˈkjɛːza; ˈkjeːza ] ; an haife shi ne a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 1997) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Italiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Serie A Juventus da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Italiya. Dan tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne Enrico Chiesa.
Girmamawa
Juventus
Manazarta
1. ^ "Comunicato Ufficiale N. 45" [Official Statement No. 45] (PDF) (in Italian). Lega Serie A. 18 September 2018. p. 5. Retrieved 14 June 2021. 2. ^ Federico Chiesa – UEFA competition record ( archive ) 3. ^ Federico Chiesa at WorldFootball.net 4. ^ Luciano Canepari. "Federico". DiPI Online (in Italian). Retrieved 23 October 2018. 5. ^ Luciano Canepari. "chiesa". DiPI Online (in Italian). Retrieved 23 October 2018. 6. ^ "Federico Chiesa incontra a Coverciano i bambini della Settignanese (Foto)". www.fiorentina.it (in Italian). Redazione Fiorentina.it. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
Abbas Umar Masanawa
Abbas Umar Masanawa (An haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, shekarar alif 1969) kuma ya fito daga jihar Katsina. Ya yi karatun Noma a fannin tattalin arziƙi a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya a shekarar ta alif.1992. Shugaban ƙasa Muhammadu Buhari ya amince da naɗin Abbas Umar Masanawa a matsayin Manajan Daraktan Kamfanin Buga kuɗi da Haƙo Ma’adanai na Najeriya. Hakan ya biyo bayan shawarar da Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya Godwin Emefiele ya bayar a wata takarda mai ɗauke da kwanan watan Agusta 28, ga shugaban ƙasar, inda aka amince da shi.
Tarihi
An haifi Abbas Umar Masanawa Ranar 7 ga watan Agustan 1969, a cikin tsohuwar birnin Katsina a Unguwar Masanawa. Ya fara karatun firamare ne a makarantar firamare ta Sararin Kuka, daga nan kuma ya tafi makarantar jeka ka dawo ta Ƙofar ƴan ɗaka, daga nan kuma ya tafi Kwalejin Barewa Zariya inda ya yi karatun Sakandare. Masanawa ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a babbar jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria da digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziƙin noma sannan kuma ya yi karatun MBA a jami'ar Same kafin ya wuce jami'ar Havard.
Aiki
Masanawa shi ne Manajan Darakta na Kamfanin Buga kuɗi da Haƙo Ma’adanai na Najeriya @NSPMC, wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru ashirin (20) yana gogewa a ɓangarori daban-daban, ya kasance Mataimakin Babban Manaja na Bankin Zenith Plc, mai ba Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya shawara na musamman sannan kuma ya naɗa shi a matsayin Babban Daraktan Kudi da Dabaru a Kamfanin Buga kuɗi da Ma'adinai na tsaron Najeriya.
Atsedu Tsegay
Atsedu Tsegay Tesfay (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba 1991) ƙwararren ɗan wasan tsere ne na Habasha. A cikin shekarar 2012, ya ci Prague Half Marathon a cikin lokaci na 58:47 - mafi kyawun wasan marathon na shekara da tarihin Habasha.
Babban bayyanarsa na farko a duniya shine a gasar matasa ta duniya a shekarar 2010 a wasannin motsa jiki, inda ya kasance a matsayi na shida a wasan karshe na mita 5000. A cikin shekarar 2011 ya ci Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale tare da rikodin kwas na mintuna 58:11 da Corrida de Langueux a wani rikodin kwas na mintuna 27:46. Ya kuma zo na biyu a gasar Half Marathon na Rabat a waccan shekarar.
A farkon shekara ta gaba ya dauki lambar tagulla a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta shekarar 2012. Ya kuma lashe gasar São Silvestre de Luanda a karshen wannan shekarar. A cikin shekarar 2013 yana da iyakacin fita amma ya zo na hudu a gasar Half Marathon na Lille kuma ya lashe Great Ethiopian Run  da Delhi Half Marathon (karya rikodin kwas a tseren karshe).
Ebiti
ebiti wani kauye ne acikin garin ifo local government acikin jihar ogun
Abule ojo
Wannan wani kauye ne dake cikin karamar hukumar Abeou kuta, a cikin jihar Ogun.
Mogos Tuemay
Mogos Tuemay Abraha (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 1997) ɗan wasan tseren nesa ne na Habasha. Ya yi takara a tseren manya na maza a gasar 2019 IAAF Cross Country Championship da aka gudanar a Aarhus, Denmark. Ya kare a matsayi na 18. A wannan shekarar, ya kuma fafata a gasar tseren mita 5000 na maza a gasar Diamond League ta Shanghai ta shekarar 2019, inda ya kare a matsayi na 13 da wani sabon bajinta na 13:15.04.
Ya buga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika a shekarar 2016 da kuma a shekarar 2018.
A cikin shekarar 2020, ya lashe bugu na 63 na Campaccio da aka gudanar a San Giorgio su Legnano, Italiya.
Nassirou Sabo
Nassirou Sabo ɗan siyasar Nijar ne. An naɗa shi Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziƙi a cikin gwamnati mai suna Maris 2, 1990. Daga baya, ya zama ministan harkokin waje, haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwar Afirka a gwamnatin firaministan ƙasar Hama Amadou wanda aka naɗa a ranar 5 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2000, yana riƙe da muƙamin har sai da Aïchatou Mindaoudou ya maye gurbinsu a gwamnati mai zuwa, wadda aka naɗa a ranar 17 ga watan Satumba. 2001. Ya kasance memba na National Movement for Development of Society (MNSD) kuma ya taɓa zama sakataren harkokin tattalin arziƙi da kuɗi na jam'iyyar.
Sabo ya gana da firaministan ƙasar Sin Zhu Rongji a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 2000.
Alarare
Wannan wani kauyene a karamar hukumar egbeda a cikin jihar Oyo a nigeria
Oje owede
oje owede Wannan kauyene dake Karamar hukumar saki west a jahar oyo
Kirista Onoh
Christian Chukuwuma Onoh, wanda aka fi sani da CC Onoh, (27 Afrilu 1927 – 5 May 2009) dan kasuwa ne kuma lauya ɗan Najeriya wanda ya zama gwamnan jihar Anambra a shekarar 1983 a karshen jamhuriya ta biyu ta Najeriya. Shi ne kuma surukin Emeka Ojukwu.
Fage
An haifi Onoh a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1927 a Enugu Ngwo, a cikin ƙasar kwal da ke jihar Enugu a yanzu. Mahaifinsa ya rasu yana da shekaru 8 a duniya, kuma dan uwansa Donald Oji ya rene shi. Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1940, ya yi aiki a matsayin dan kwangila, sannan ya samar da insifeto sannan kuma mai sayar da dabbobi. Ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu daga waɗannan kamfanoni, ya ba da kuɗin karatunsa a Ƙasar Ingila, inda ya sami digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Wales a Aberystwyth a 1957.
A 1958, an zaɓi Onoh dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Enugu. Daga baya ya yi murabus domin ya zama shugaban ‘yan asalin kasar na farko na hukumar kula da kwal ta Najeriya. Daga 1961 zuwa 1966 ya kasance a hukumar kula da layin dogo ta Najeriya. A lokacin yakin basasa, an nada Onoh a matsayin mai kula da babban birnin Enugu. A 1970 ya koma rayuwa ta sirri a matsayin mai sayar da katako. Ya kasance memba ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Club 13, wacce ta rikide zuwa jam’iyyar People’s Party (NPP), amma daga baya ya koma jam’iyyar NPN. Ya yi yakin neman zaɓen gwamnan jihar Anambra a jam’iyyar NPN a shekarar 1979. Daga nan aka nada shi shugaban hukumar ma’adanai ta Najeriya, sannan a shekarar 1982 ya zama shugaban kamfanin ma’adinai na Associated Ore Mines.
Gwamnan jihar Anambra
An zaɓi Onoh a matsayin gwamnan jihar Anambra a watan Oktoban 1983 a dandalin jam'iyyar NPN, inda ya doke ɗan takarar jam'iyyar NPP mai ci Jim Nwobodo. Zaɓen dai ya fuskanci tursasawa da tashin hankali da kuma magudin zaɓe. An tafka muhawara a zaben, amma daga ƙarshe ya yanke hukuncin a gaban kotun koli. Watanni uku bayan zaben, wato ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1983, sojoji suka karbi ragamar mulki a ƙarƙashin Janar Muhammadu Buhari da Onoh, tare da dukkan sauran gwamnonin farar hula.
Daga baya aiki
Onoh ya ci gaba da tayar da jijiyar wuya a samar da wata kasa ta daban ga mutanen Waawa, kuma hakan ya samu a ƙarshe lokacin da gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin Janar Ibrahim Babangida ta ƙirkiro jihar Enugu a shekarar 1991. Tsohon alkalin kotun kolin Anthony Aniogulu ya ce "Christian Onoh... ya kasance ko da yaushe kuma yana yaki da rashin adalci. Amma ba zai damu da yin amfani da hanyar zalunci don yakar zalunci ba.”
Rayuwa ta sirri
Ƴarsa, Nuzo Onoh, ita ce mashahurin marubucin Birtaniya kuma majagaba na Horror na Afirka, {   }, yayin da dayar sa, Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu, ta zama sarauniyar kyau, mashawarcin shugaban ƙasa, daga bisani kuma jakadiyar Najeriya a Masarautar Spain. Ana kuma tunawa da ita game da cece-kuce da aurenta da Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Ikemba na Nnewi kuma tsohon shugaban kasar Biafra, wanda ya haura shekaru talatin a duniya. Soyayyarsu ta kasance abin magana a cikin ƙasa a farkon shekarun 1990s. Wata ƴar mai suna Lilian Onoh ita ce jakadiyar Najeriya a Namibiya a halin yanzu. Shi ma dansa Josef Onoh ya shiga harkokin siyasa ya zama shugaban kwamitin majalisar dokokin jihar Enugu kan kudi da kasafin kudi. Josef Onoh kuma shine mamallakin shahararren otal na musamman, The Arriba (Voodoo Lounge) Enugu { } kuma mai bawa gwamnan jihar Enugu shawara na musamman. A halin yanzu shi ne Shugaban Hukumar Raya Babban Birnin Enugu kuma yana neman takarar Gwamnan Jihar Enugu a karkashin Jam’iyyar PDP  {  } Christian Onoh ya rasu ne a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2009 yana da shekaru 82 a duniya.
Mukesh Anbani
Mukesh Anbani
Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani (an Haife shi 19 Afrilu 1957) dan kasuwa ne dan Indiya. A halin yanzu shi ne shugaba da kumMasana'antu Reliance, kamfani mafi mahimmanci na Indiya ta kimar kasuwa.Tare da kiyasin darajar dala biliyan 87.2 har zuwa watan Mayu 2023, shi ne mafi arziki a Asiya kuma na 13 mafi arziki a
Kirista Onoh
Jikoki
Onoh na da jikoki goma sha tara daga cikinsu akwai Candice Onyeama, wadda ta samu lambar yabo ta Birtaniya furodusa, marubuci, kuma darakta kuma diyar Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya, Geoffrey Onyeama { } Christian C Onoh Jnr (111) Chineme Odumegwu-Ojukwu da Jija Carmen Orka-Gyoh.
Ogbigbi
Ogbigbi kauye ne a karamar hukumar iseyin na jihar oyo
Towotunsen
Towotunsen Wani qauye ne a karamar hukumar Ijebu North a garin Ogun.
Janbu
janbu wani kauye ne acikin garin ifo local government acikin jihar ogun
Atunwa
Atunwa kauye ne a karamar hukumar iseyin a karkashin jihar oyo nigeria
Gwarzon ɗan Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafar Afirka na Shekara
Hukumar kwallon kafar Afirka CAF ce ke bayar da kyautar gwarzon dan wasan kwallon ƙafa ta Afrika da ake ba wa gwarzon dan wasan kwallon kafa na Afirka a kowace shekara, tun a shekarar 1992. Mujallar France Football ta bayar da kyautar gwarzuwar kwallon kafa ta Afirka a baya tsakanin shekarar 1970 zuwa shekarar 1994. Canje-canjen ya haifar da lambobin yabo na Golden Ball a layi daya da aka ba Abedi Pele da George Weah a cikin shekarar 1993 da shekarar 1994  ta mujallar duk da kuma cewa CAF ta dauki nauyin karramawar na wadancan shekaru Rashidi Yekini da Emmanuel Amuneke ne suka samu, da kuma kyaututtuka biyu da aka baiwa Abedi Pele a shekarar 1992. Faransa Football ta dakatar da zaben daga shekarar 1995 bayan da aka bude gasar Ballon d'Or ta Turai - wacce ita ma mujallar ta bayar - ga dukkan 'yan wasa a gasar ta Turai.
A cikin shekarar 1991 mujallar Afrique Football ta sanya lambar yabo. An dakatar da shi a cikin 2003.
Samuel Eto'o da Yaya Touré sun fi lashe kyautar sau hudu (4 kowannensu ya lashe), Didier Drogba wanda ya lashe sau biyu, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi yin wasa na biyu (4), mafi matsayi na uku (3), kuma mafi sau uku a saman uku (9). Haifaffen Faransa Frédéric Kanouté, Riyad Mahrez da Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang ne kawai 'yan wasan da suka lashe kyautar a Turai (da farko Kanouté da Aubameyang sun fito cikin ƙungiyar Faransa ta kasa da shekaru 21 kafin su wakilci Mali da Gabon, bi da bi).
Kyautar Kwallon Kafa ta Faransa (1970-1994)
Kyautar da Mujallar France Football ta bayar an ba da kyautar ga gwarzon dan kwallon Afrika tsakanin 1970 zuwa 1994. An dakatar da bayar da kyautar ne a shekarar 1995 bayan da aka bude kyautar gwarzon dan kwallon Turai ( Ballon d’Or ) ga ‘yan wasan da ba na Turai ba, kyautar da aka baiwa George Weah a waccan shekarar. An riga an maye gurbinsa da lambar yabo a hukumance da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka ta bayar tun 1992.
Kesewa Aboah
Kesewa Arbell Lavinia Aboah (an haife ta a watan Mayu 1994) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma 'yar Burtaniya ce.
Rayuwar da iyali
Aboah an haife ta ah landan, kasar ingila, ita Charles Aboah, Yar asalin kasar gana ce tayi kware gurin kwalliya a kamfanin noma lauya Mai aiki, tare da Camilla Lowther, a kasar British ta kasan ce Mai illmi fasaha da kimiya masaniyar kwalliya ce Kuma kwararriyar mace awanan fanin na mata,sanan kakarta Yar amurka ce dake ban garen kaldonia Wanda aka fi sanin ta da Lavinia (née Joyce).sun kasance ita da iyalan ta talakawa ne Yan kungiyar British labarin Wanda ake masu lakani da  British nobility,  Earl of Lonsdale. Aboah's ta kasance kwararriyar da gada agun kakarta sunan ta Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther, ta koyane agun mahaifin ta Lancelot Lowther, 6th Earl of Lonsdale. Ta kasance mai tallatar wa ayyukan yau da kullum,. aboah ta zauna tare da Yan uwan mahaifin ta sun kasance Yan siyasar kasar gana ne, William Kwasi Aboah
Aboah ya yi karatu a Millfield, makarantar kwana a Somerset, kuma daga baya ya sami digiri na fasaha daga Makarantar Kayayyakin ) a Birnin New York.
Yin samfuri
Aboah an sanya hannu tare da VIVA Model Management da DNA Model. Ta yi aikin ƙirar ƙira ta farko lokacin tana ɗan shekara shida, yin ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar Jigsaw. Ta yi samfuri a cikin tallan tallace-tallace don Alexander McQueen da Miu Miu. A cikin 2010 Aboah da 'yar uwarta an nuna su a cikin wani tallan tallace-tallace na H&amp;M.
A cikin 2017 ta yi tafiya a titin jirgin sama don nunin salon salon AW17 na Coach New York. A cikin Satumba 2018, Aboah, tare da 'yar uwarta, Adwoa, da dan uwanta, Alewya Demmisse, Mario Sorrenti ne ya dauki hotonsa a matsayin fuskokin yakin AW18 na MANGO TARE. An nuna ta a cikin Vogue, Mujallar Telegraph, Ƙauna, da iD kuma an tsara ta don Marc Jacobs, Michael Kors, da Burberry. An dauki hotonta tare da Kate Moss don Love 18 mujallar soyayya.
A cikin Nuwamba 2018, Aboah an nuna shi a cikin ASAP Rocky 's bidiyon kiɗa don waƙar " Sundress ".
Issak Sibhatu
Issak Sibhatu (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Maris 1989) ɗan wasan tseren nesa ne na ƙasar Eritrea wanda ya ƙware a tseren mita 5000 da cross-country running.
Kesewa Aboah
Yin samfuri
A watan Fabrairun 2019, ta yi tafiya a titin jirgin sama don nuna salon salon Simone Rocha 's Fall 2019. A watan Satumba na 2019, Aboah shine fuskar Links na kamfen ɗin ɓatanci na London.
Issak Sibhatu
An haife shi a Adiblay. A matsayinsa na karami, ya fafata a gasar kananan yara a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IAAF, inda ya kare a matsayi na shida a shekarar 2007 da na sha shida a shekarar 2008. Ya kare a matsayi na biyar a tseren mita 3000 a gasar matasa ta duniya a shekarar 2005.
Kesewa Aboah
Art
Pierre Lagrange, wanda ya riga ya saba da dangin Aboah, an gabatar da shi ga zane-zane na Aboah ta hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa. Ya umurce ta da ta ƙirƙira zanen aiki don H. Huntsman &amp; Sons. Ta gama aikinta, mai suna The Joy in Dancing With My Sisters, sannan an halicce ta a cikin ƙirar jaket ɗin bespoke don alamar. An ba ta izini don ƙirƙirar yanki na biyu don taga nunin Huntsman, wanda ta yi wa lakabi da Duk Mata da Ni.
Issak Sibhatu
A matsayinsa na babba, ya gama a matsayi 24th a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta shekarar 2009. Tawagar Eritriya ta samu lambobin tagulla a gasar qungiyar; duk da haka wurin da Sibhatu ya yi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa don ƙidaya a cikin maki na ƙungiyar.
Mafi kyawun lokacin sa na sirri shine 3:39.71 mintuna a cikin tseren mita 1500, wanda aka samu a Yuli 2008 a Madrid ; 8: 07.34 mintuna a cikin tseren mita 3000, wanda aka samu a watan Mayu 2005 a Arusha; da mintuna 13:24.10 a tseren mita 5000, wanda aka samu a watan Yunin 2009 a Lugano.
Hassana Alidou
Hassana Alidou (an haife ta 29 ga Maris, 1963) ta kasance jakadiyar Nijar a Amurka da Kanada daga 2015 zuwa 2019. Sannan ta zama malama ta farko a wurin zama na Cibiyar Tarayyar da Cibiyar Jami'ar Adalci ta Jama'a.
'Yar'uwarta tagwaye Ousseina Alidou, ƙwararriya ce ta ƴan Afirka da ta ƙware a nazarin mata Musulmai a Afirka, kuma farfesa a Sashen Nazarin Afirka da Amirkawa a Jami'ar Rutgers.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Alidou ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Niamey a 1987, B.S. a fannin ilimin harshe. Ba za ta iya yin karatun digiri a Nijar ba, ta sami Thomas Jefferson Fellowship wanda ta yi amfani da shi a Jami'ar Illinois. Bayan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin harshe a 1991. Bayan ta koyar a Illinois, ta koma Nijar a 1993 kuma ta kasance malama a Jami'ar Niamey.
Ifote
ifote wani kauye ne acikin garin ifo local government acikin jihar ogun
Jane Long
Jane CS Long ƙwararriyar masaniyar Amurka ce mai ilimin makamashi da yanayi. Ta kasance Mataimakin Darakta a Labarin Kasa na Lawrence Livermore kuma memba ce a Kungiyar (asar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya.
Long is the Kravis Senior Contributing Scientist, and the Environmental Defense Fund.
Long itace Babban Masanin Kimiyyar bada Gudummawa na Kravis, da kuma Asusun Tsaron Muhalli.
Rayuwa
Long ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin kimiyyavdaga Makarantar Injiniya ta Jami'ar Brown da masanan da digirgir daga jami'ar California, Berkeley.
Daga shekara ta 1997 zuwa shekara ta 2003 Long tayi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Makarantar Mackay na Kimiyyar Duniya da Injiniya a Jami'ar Nevada, Reno.
A halin yanzu tana aiki azaman mai tsara yanayi a Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta California.
Olubunmi Ayodeji Adetunmbi
Rayuwar Siyasa
An zaɓi Adetunmbi a ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairun 2019, a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Ekiti ta Arewa da mai ci, Sanata Duro Faseyi, inda Adetunmbi ya samu ƙuri’u 60,689, yayin da Faseyi ya samu ƙuri’u 49,209.
Shama Aboobakar
Shama Aboobakar (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1983) 'yar  wasan badminton ce ta ƙasar Mauritius.
Olubunmi Ayodeji Adetunmbi
Rayuwar Siyasa
Ya kuma kasance tsohon ɗan majalisar dattawa a majalisar dattijai ta 7 da ta shafe shekara ta 2011-2015 inda ya samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun sanata na 7 na shekara.
Shama Aboobakar
Sana'a
Ta yi takara a shekarun 2006 da 2010 Commonwealth Games a cikin mata guda ɗaya, biyu, gauraye biyu, da kuma taron ƙungiya. A shekarar 2012, ta zama zakara a gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Mauritius da Botswana na kasa da kasa a gasar women's singles.
Olubunmi Ayodeji Adetunmbi
Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Adetumbi ranar 22 ga watan Agustan 1955. Ya halarci Jami'ar Ibadan. Yana da BSc a fannin Tattalin Arziƙi na Noma sannan kuma yana da MSc a fannin Tattalin Arziƙi.
Shama Aboobakar
Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka
Women's singles Women's doubles Mixed doubles
BWF International Challenge/Series
Women's singles Women's doubles Mixed doubles
Kananan Dazuzzukan Najeriya
dazuzzukan Najeriyar wani yanki ne na wurare masu zafi a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya da kuma kudu maso gabashin Benin. Yankin yana da yawan jama'a, kuma yana da manyan garuruwa da dama da suka haɗa da Lagos, Ibadan, da kuma Benin City. Har yanzu akwai gagarumin murfin bishiyar, amma ragowar gandun daji na ƙara wargajewa. Yankin ya fi ɗauri a bakin tekun kuma ya fi bushewa a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da gungun ciyayi da ke tafiya daidai da bakin tekun na tsawon kilomita 400 na yankin.
Geography
Dazuzzukan na Najeriya suna da iyaka da kudanci da itatuwan mangoro na bakin teku da mashigin tekun Guinea, a gabas da kogin Neja da yankinsa, a arewa kuma da gandun daji na Guinea-savanna mosaic. A yamma yana da iyaka da Dahomey Gap, yanki mai bushewa a bakin teku inda gandun daji-savanna mosaic ya kai har zuwa teku, ya raba dazuzzuka na Lower Guinea, wanda dazuzzuka na Najeriya ke ciki, daga gandun daji na Upper Guinea na yamma. Afirka.
Yanayi
Yanayin ecoregion shine yanayi na wurare masu zafi na savanna - bushewar hunturu ( Köppen weather classification (Aw) ). Wannan yanayin yana da alaƙa da yanayin zafi ko da a cikin shekara, da lokacin rani. Watan bushewa yana da ƙasa da milimita 60 na hazo, kuma ya fi bushewa fiye da matsakaicin wata.
Flora da fauna
Kusan kashi 48 cikin 100 na yankin an rufe gandun daji ne, galibin bishiyoyin boradleaf. Wani kashi 36% na gandun daji ne, kashi 5% na birni ne kuma an gina shi, saura kuma ƙasa ce mai dausayi da ciyawa. Saboda ruwan sama yana raguwa tare da nisa daga teku, ecoregion yana nuna yanayin yanayi tare da yankunan ciyayi masu kama da bakin teku. Mafi kusa da teku shine yankin dajin ruwan sama, sannan yankin dajin mai gauraye mai gauraye da mafi nisa a yankin shakatawa. A cikin yankin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan bishiyoyi na yau da kullun sune na dangin Leguminosae ( Brachystegia ), Cylicodiscus gabunensis, Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum, Piptadeniastrum africanum, kuma ta dangin Meliaceae ( Entandrophragma, Guarea, Khaya ivorensis
Kola Adewusi
Kola Adewusi ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne, wanda ya taɓa riƙe muƙamin mataimakin gwamnan jihar Osun tun shekarar 2022. An zaɓi Adewusi mataimakin gwamna a zaɓen gwamnan jihar Osun a shekara ta 2022.
Kananan Dazuzzukan Najeriya
Flora da fauna
Duk da yake gaba ɗaya matakan ƙarancin dabbobi suna da ƙasa a cikin ecoregion, akwai wasu sanannun nau'ikan endemic. Gunon farin-maƙogwaro mai haɗari ( Cercopithecus erythrogaster ) ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin wannan ecoregion. Ibadan malimbe ( Malimbus ibadanensis ) da ke cikin haɗari yana cikin yankin shakatawa na arewa. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan na Neja-Delta ya yi rikodin kwayar halitta mai ƙarewa ( Genetta cristata ). Hakanan an yi rikodin gecko dutsen Najeriya ( Cnemaspis petrodroma ) da kuma toad na Perret ( Bufo perreti ) a yankin.
Wurare masu kariya
Yawanci, kusan kashi 17% na ecoregion suna ƙarƙashin wani nau'i na kariyar hukuma, gami da:
Saida Menebhi
Saida Menebhi (an haife ta a shekara ta 1952, Marrakesh - ta mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1977, Casablanca ) mawaki 'yar Maroko ce kuma 'yar gwagwarmaya na  kawo sauyi ta Markisanci Ila al-Amam. A shekara ta 1975, ita, tare da wasu membobin kungiyar biyar, an yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru bakwai a kurkuku saboda ayyukan kin jinin kasa. A gidan yari a Casablanca, ta shiga yajin cin abinci kuma ta mutu a rana ta 34 ta yajin aikin.
Sace mutane
A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976, aka sace Saida Menebhi aka tsare shi - tare da wasu mata masu fafutuka 3 - a kurkukun Moulay Sherif da ke Casablanca, wanda yanzu aka sani da babbar cibiyar azabtarwa a zamanin Sarki Hassan II. A can, sun sha azaba iri daban-daban na azabtarwa ta zahiri da ta jiki kafin a kai su gidan yarin farar hula a Casablanca. Menebhi da abokan aikinta Fatima Okasha da Rabiaa al-Futooh an yanke musu hukunci na har abada tsare shi a kurkukun farar hula na Casablanca.
Neptune
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Masanin gine-gine da zane
Masanin gine-gine shine mutumin da ke tsarawa da kuma kula da gine-gine. Yin aikin gine-gine yana nufin samar da ayyuka dangane da ƙirar gine-gine da sararin da ke cikin rukunin da ke kewaye da gine-ginen da mutane ke zaune ko kuma amfani da su a matsayin babban manufarsu. Etymologically, kalmar Architecture ta samo asali ne daga tsarin gine-ginen Latin, wanda ya samo asali daga Hellenanci ( arkhi-, chief + tekton, magini), watau babban magini. Buƙatun ƙwararrun masu gine-gine sun bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri. Hukunce-hukuncen gine-ginen suna shafar lafiyar jama'a, don haka dole ne maginin ya sami horo na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi ilimi mai zurfi da ƙwarewa (ko horarwa) don ƙwarewar aiki don samun lasisin yin gine-gine. Aiki, fasaha, da kuma buƙatun ilimi don zama injiniyan gine-gine sun bambanta ta hanyar hurumi, kodayake nazarin gine-gine na yau da kullun a cibiyoyin ilimi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka sana'ar gaba ɗaya.
Asali
A cikin tarihi na d ¯ a da na daɗaɗɗen, galibin ƙirar gine-gine da gine-ginen masu sana'a ne suka yi su—kamar mashin dutse da kafintoci, waɗanda suka kai matsayin ƙwararren magini. Har zuwa zamani, babu wani taƙamaiman bambanci tsakanin gine-gine da injiniya. A Turai, laƙabin gine-gine da injiniya sun kasance da farko bambance-bambancen yanki waɗanda ke magana akan mutum ɗaya, galibi ana amfani da su tare. An ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba daban-daban a fasaha da lissafi sun ba da damar haɓakar ƙwararru za ta ba da shawarar. Ba a yi amfani da takarda ba a Turai don zane har zuwa ƙarni na 15 amma ya zama mai girma bayan 1500. An yi amfani da fensir sau da yawa don zana ta 1600. Samuwar duka biyun da aka ba da izinin yin zane-zanen da aka riga aka yi da ƙwararru. A lokaci guda, gabatar da hangen nesa na layi da sabbin abubuwa kamar yin amfani da tsinkaye daban-daban don kwatanta ginin mai girma uku a cikin nau'i biyu, tare da ƙarin fahimtar daidaiton ƙima, ya taimaka wa masu zanen gini sadarwa ra'ayoyinsu. duk da haka, ci gaban ya kasance a hankali. Har zuwa katrni na 18, gine-gine sun ci gaba da tsarawa da tsara su ta hanyar masu sana'a ban da manyan ayyuka.
Gine-gine
A yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa, kawai waɗanda suka cancanta da lasisi masu dacewa, takaddun shaida, ko rajista tare da ƙungiyar da ta dace (sau da yawa na gwamnati) na iya yin aikin gine-gine bisa doka. Irin wannan lasisi yawanci yana buƙatar digiri na jami'a, nasarar kammala, da lokacin horo. Wakilin kansa a matsayin mai zane-zane ta hanyar amfani da sharuɗɗa da lakabi an iyakance shi ga masu lasisi ta doka, kodayake gaba ɗaya, abubuwan da aka samo asali kamar masu zanen gine-gine ba su da kariya ta doka.
Yi aiki
A cikin sana'a na gine-gine, ilimin fasaha da muhalli, tsarawa da sarrafa gine-gine, da fahimtar kasuwanci suna da mahimmanci kamar zane. Duk da haka, ƙirar ita ce ƙarfin motsa jiki a cikin aikin da kuma bayan. Masanin gine-gine yana karɓar kwamiti daga abokin ciniki. Kwamitin na iya haɗawa da shirya rahotannin yuwuwar, binciken ginin gini, ƙirar gini ko na gine-gine da yawa, gine-gine, da sarari a tsakaninsu. Mai ginin gine-gine yana shiga cikin haɓaka abubuwan da abokin ciniki ke so a cikin ginin. Duk cikin aikin (shirin zama), mai ginin gine-gine yana daidaita ƙungiyar ƙira. Tsarin, injiniyoyi, da injiniyoyin lantarki da sauran ƙwararrun abokin ciniki ne ko maginin gini ke ɗaukar hayar, waɗanda dole ne su tabbatar da cewa an daidaita aikin don gina ƙirar.
Matsayin ƙira
Mai ginin gine-gine, da zarar abokin ciniki ya yi hayar, yana da alhakin ƙirƙirar ra'ayi na ƙira wanda duka biyun suka dace da buƙatun waccan abokin ciniki kuma suna ba da wurin da ya dace da amfanin da ake buƙata. Dole ne mai zane ya sadu da, kuma yayi tambaya, abokin ciniki don tabbatar da duk buƙatun (da nuances) na aikin da aka tsara.
Gaba ɗaya ana sa ran shawarwarin ƙira su zama na hasashe da kuma na zahiri. Ya danganta da wurin, lokaci, kuɗi, al'adu, da kuma samar da sana'o'i da fasahar da za a yi zane a ciki, madaidaicin iyaka da yanayin waɗannan tsammanin za su bambanta.
Haskaka wa wani abu ne da ake buƙata domin zayyana gine-gine wani aiki ne mai sarƙaƙiya da buƙatar aiki.
Duk wani ra'ayi na ƙira dole ne a farkon matakin tsararrakinsa ya yi la'akari da adadi mai yawa na batutuwa da masu canji waɗanda suka haɗa da halayen sarari (s), ƙarshen amfani da tsarin rayuwa na waɗannan wuraren da aka tsara, haɗin gwiwa, alaƙa, da kuma al'amurran da ke tsakanin wurare ciki har da yadda aka haɗa su tare da tasirin shawarwari a kan kusa da wuri mai faɗi. Zaɓin kayan da suka dace da fasaha dole ne a yi la'akari da su, gwadawa da sake dubawa a matakin farko a cikin ƙira don tabbatar da cewa babu koma baya (kamar farashin da aka fi tsammani) wanda zai iya faruwa daga baya. Wurin da kewayensa, da al'adu da tarihin wurin, suma za su yi tasiri wajen zayyana. Zane kuma dole ne ya fuskanci ƙara damuwa tare da ɗorewar muhalli. Mai ginin gine-gine na iya gabatar da ( gangan ko a'a), zuwa mafi girma ko ƙarami, fannonin ilimin lissafi da gine-gine, sabon ko ƙa'idar gine-gine na yanzu, ko nassoshi ga tarihin gine-gine.
Wani muhimmin sashi na zane shi ne cewa mai zanen sau da yawa yana yin shawarwari tare da injiniyoyi, masu bincike da sauran ƙwararru a duk lokacin da aka tsara, tabbatar da cewa an haɗa nau'o'i irin su kayan tallafi na tsarin da abubuwan kwantar da hankali a cikin tsarin gaba ɗaya. Sarrafa da tsara farashin gini kuma wani ɓangare ne na waɗannan shawarwari. Haɗin kai na nau'o'in daban-daban ya haɗa da babban matsayi na sadarwa na musamman, ciki har da fasahar kwamfuta mai ci gaba kamar BIM ( ginin bayanan gini ), CAD, da fasahar tushen girgije.
A kowane lokaci a cikin ƙira, mai ƙirar yana ba da rahoto ga abokin ciniki wanda zai iya samun ajiyar kuɗi ko shawarwari, yana gabatar da ƙarin canji a cikin ƙira.
Masu ginin gine-gine suna huɗɗa da hukunce-hukuncen gida da na tarayya game da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idojin gini. Mai tsara gine-ginen na iya buƙatar bin dokokin tsare-tsare na gida da na yanki, kamar koma baya da ake buƙata, iyakokin tsayi, buƙatun ajiye motoci, buƙatun bayyana gaskiya (windows), da amfani da ƙasa. Wasu kafaffen hukunce-hukuncen suna buƙatar riko da ƙira da ƙa'idodin kiyaye tarihi. Haɗarin lafiya da aminci sun zama muhimmin ɓangare na ƙira na yanzu, kuma a yawancin hukunce-hukuncen, ana buƙatar rahotannin ƙira da bayanan da suka haɗa da abubuwan da ke gudana kamar kayan aiki da gurɓatawa, sarrafa sharar gida da sake yin amfani da su, sarrafa zirga-zirga da amincin gobara.
Hanyar ƙira
A baya can, masu gine-gine sun yi amfani da zane-zane don nunawa da samar da shawarwarin ƙira. Duk da yake har yanzu ana amfani da zane-zanen ra'ayi ta hanyar gine-gine, fasahar kwamfuta yanzu ta zama ma'aunin masana'antu. Koyaya, ƙira na iya haɗawa da amfani da hotuna, haɗin gwiwa, kwafi, linocuts, fasahar sikanin 3D da sauran kafofin watsa labarai a cikin samar da ƙira. Ƙarawa, software na kwamfuta yana tsara yadda masu gine-gine ke aiki. Fasahar BIM ta ba da damar ƙirƙirar gini mai kama-da-wani wanda ke aiki a zaman bayanan don raba ƙira da bayanan gini a duk tsawon rayuwar ƙirar ginin, gini da kiyaye wa. Abubuwan gabatarwa na gaskiya (VR) suna zama ruwan dare gama gari don ganin ƙirar tsari da sarari na ciki daga hangen nesa.
Matsayin gini
Ya danganta da buƙatun abokin ciniki da buƙatun hukunce-hukuncen, bakan hidimomin gine-ginen yayin matakan gini na iya zama mai faɗi (cikakkun shirye-shiryen daftarin aiki da bitar gini) ko ƙasa da hannu (kamar ƙyale ɗan kwangila ya aiwatar da ayyuka na ƙira masu yawa).
Masu ginin gine-gine yawanci suna sanya ayyuka don bayar da tallafi a madadin abokan cinikin su, suna ba da shawara kan bayar da aikin ga babban ɗan kwangila, sauƙaƙe sannan kuma gudanar da kwangilar yarjejeniya wacce galibi ke tsakanin abokin ciniki da ɗan kwangila. Wannan kwangilar tana aiki bisa doka kuma ta ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da inshora da Alƙawuran duk masu ruwa da tsaki, matsayin takaddun ƙira, tanade-tanade don samun damar gine-gine, da hanyoyin sarrafa ayyukan yayin da suke ci gaba. Dangane da nau'in kwangilar da aka yi amfani da shi, ana iya buƙatar tanadi don ƙarin ƙaramin kwangila. Mai ginin gine-ginen na iya buƙatar cewa wasu abubuwa sun rufe da garanti wanda ke ƙayyadaddun rayuwar da ake tsammani da sauran ɓangarori na kayan, samfur ko aiki.
A mafi yawan hukunce-hukuncen, dole ne a ba da sanarwar kafin a fara aiki a wurin, don haka ba da sanarwar ƙaramar hukumar don gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa. Mai zanen zai sake duba tare da duba ci gaban aikin tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙaramar hukuma.
Mai ginin gine-ginen zai yawanci duba zane-zanen ƴan kwangilar da sauran abubuwan ƙaddamarwa, shirya da ba da umarnin rukunin yanar gizon, da kuma ba da Takaddun shaida don Biyan kuɗi ga ɗan kwangila (duba kuma Design-bid-build ) wanda ya dogara da aikin da aka yi har zuwa yau da kuma kowane kayan sauran kayan da aka saya ko haya. A cikin Burtaniya da sauran ƙasashe, mai binciken adadi galibi yana cikin ƙungiyar don ba da shawarwari kan farashi. Tare da manya-manyan ayyuka masu sarƙaƙƙiya, ana ɗaukar manajan gini mai zaman kansa wani lokaci don taimakawa wajen ƙira da sarrafa gini.
A cikin hukunce-hukuncen da yawa, ana buƙatar takaddun shaida ko tabbacin kammala aikin ko ɓangaren ayyuka. Wannan buƙatar takaddun shaida ya ƙunshi babban haɗari - don haka, ana buƙatar duba aikin yau da kullun yayin da yake ci gaba a kan wurin don tabbatar da cewa ya dace da ƙirar kanta da kuma duk ƙa'idodi da izini masu dacewa.
Madadin yin aiki da ƙwarewa
Shekarun baya-bayan nan sun ga hauhawar ƙwararru a cikin sana'ar. Yawancin gine-ginen gine-gine da kamfanonin gine-gine suna mayar da hankali kan wasu nau'ikan ayyuka (misali, kiwon lafiya, dillalan, gidajen jama'a, gudanar da taron), ƙwarewar fasaha ko hanyoyin isar da ayyuka. Wasu gine-ginen sun ƙware kamar lambar gini, ambulaf ɗin gini, ƙira mai dorewa, rubutun fasaha, adana tarihi (US) ko kiyaye wa (Birtaniya), samun dama da sauran nau'ikan masu ba da shawara.
Joseph Waku
Joseph KN Waku saurare an zaɓe shi Sanata mai wakiltan mazabar Benuwe arewa maso yamma na jihar Benuwe, Nigeria a farkon jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, wanda ya tsaya takara a karkashin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP). Ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga Mayun shekarar 1999. Bayan ya hau kujerarsa a Majalisar Dattawa a watan Yuni na shekara ta 1999 an naɗa shi a kwamitocin Majalisar Dattawa, Ayyuka da Gidaje, Lafiya, Kafa, Albarkatun Ruwa (Shugaban) da Kasuwanci.
Jaguar Mark V
Jaguar Mark V ( lafazi 5 ) mota ce ta alfarma da Jaguar Cars Ltd na Coventry ta gina a Ingila daga 1948 zuwa 1951. Ya kasance a matsayin Saloon kofa huɗu (sedan) da mai iya canzawa mai kofa biyu da aka sani da Drop Head Coupé, duka nau'ikan wurin zama manya biyar. Shi ne Jaguar na farko tare da dakatarwar gaba mai zaman kanta, na farko tare da birki na hydraulic, na farko tare da spats (siket ɗin fender), na farko da aka tsara musamman don samarwa a cikin saitunan Dama da Hagu na Drive, na farko tare da ƙafafun cibiyar diski, na farko tare da ƙaramin faffadan 16" Tayoyin balan-balan, wanda za a fara ba da shi tare da rufaffiyar fitilun kai da kuma sigina masu walƙiya don muhimmiyar kasuwar Amurka, da kuma samfurin ƙarshe don amfani da injin turad
Masanin gine-gine da zane
Madadin yin aiki da ƙwarewa
Mutane da yawa gine-gine zažužžukan don matsawa zuwa cikin dukiya (dukiya) ci gaban, kamfanoni kayayyakin tsare-tsare, aikin management, gini management, shugaban dorewa jami'an zane na ciki, birnin tsarawa, mai amfani gwaninta zane, zane bincike ko wasu related filayen.
Joseph Waku
Bayan ya bar ofis, Waku ya zama mai fafutuka a ƙungiyar Arewa Consultative Forum (ACF), ƙungiyar masu fafutuka ta arewa. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Disambar shekarar 2003 ya ce da gangan ƙungiyar Middle Belt Forum ta ke cire wadanda ba Kirista ba daga cikin kungiyar su, ya kuma bayyana cewa an kafa kungiyar ta ACF ne domin ba da murya ga tsirarun arewacin kasar da suka hada da na Middle Belt. Da yake magana a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar a watan Yunin shekarar 2008, ya zargi shugaban majalisar dattijai, David Mark da nuna kyama ga kabilanci wajen nuna adawa da naɗin Farida Waziri, ƴar Tiv a matsayin shugabar hukumar yaƙi da masu yi wa tattalin arzikin ƙasa zagon ƙasa da yi wa tattalin arzikin ƙasa zagon ƙasa.
Jaguar Mark V
Siffofin
Firam ɗin chassis sabo ne tare da sassan akwatin zurfi da ƙetare takalmin gyaran kafa don ingantacciyar tauri a cikin sarrafawa da kusurwa, da dakatarwar gaba mai zaman kanta ta kasusuwan buri biyu da sanduna, tsarin da Jaguar zai yi amfani da shi don yawancin abubuwan hawa na gaba. Yana da kayan walda da maƙallan da aka tanadar don birki na Hannun Dama da Hannun Dama da haɗin haɗin gwiwa, don haka za'a iya haɗa chassis cikin kowane tsari. Hakanan yana da birki na hydraulic, waɗanda suka zama dole tare da dakatarwa mai zaman kanta, kuma wanda Jaguar ya yi jinkirin ɗauka idan aka kwatanta da sauran masana'antun, da kuma duk jikin ƙarfe da aka matse akan salon, kodayake DHC har yanzu tana da katako a cikin kofofin. Wani sabon fasalin shi ne cewa baya na chassis ya mamaye gatari na baya don samar da mafi girman motsi don ingantacciyar ta'aziyya, yayin da a kan samfuran da suka gabata an yi watsi da shi.
Masanin gine-gine da zane
Buƙatun ƙwararru
Kodayake akwai bambance-bambance daga wuri zuwa wuri, ana buƙatar yawancin masu gine-ginen duniya su yi rajista tare da ikon da ya dace. Don yin haka, ana buƙatar masu gine-gine yawanci don biyan buƙatu guda uku: ilimi, ƙwarewa, da jarrabawa.
Jaguar Mark V
Siffofin
Salon motar ya biyo bayan layukan SS-Jaguar na prewar tare da grille chrome madaidaiciya kuma akwai mascot mai tsalle-tsalle na Jaguar a matsayin zaɓi. Motar ta Autocar ta kira shi mai arziki duk da haka tare da kamanni mara kyau, a cikin fayyace tsaka-tsaki tsakanin tsofaffi da sababbi. Akwai keɓantaccen alama na yanayin zamani na Bentley a cikin salon gasa na gaba.
Masanin gine-gine da zane
Buƙatun ƙwararru
Buƙatun ilimi gaba ɗaya sun ƙunshi digiri na jami'a a fannin gine-gine. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙwarewa don masu neman digiri yawanci suna gamsuwa ta hanyar aiki ko horo (yawanci shekaru biyu zuwa uku, dangane da ikon). A ƙarshe, ana buƙatar Jarabawar Rijista ko jerin jarrabawa kafin a ba da lasisi.
Jaguar Mark V
Siffofin
Tayoyin sun kasance 16 in nau'in diski-karfe, mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da 18 in ƙafafun MK IV. Daga gefe, taɓawar salo na musamman akan saloon ya kasance "ƙulla" lanƙwasa a gindin taga kwata na baya yana bin bayanin martabar gilashin gefe, fasalin da ke kan samfuran da yawa na gaba. Matsalolin baya sun kasance daidai. Akwai kuma juzu'in coupé drophead.
Ga Burtaniya da galibin kasuwannin ketare, an yi amfani da fitilun fitilar 7.7 inci Lucas PF770, tare da jujjuyawar masu safarar safa. Don muhimmiyar kasuwar Amurka, an yi amfani da fitilolin mota 7" da aka rufe, tare da sigina masu walƙiya da aka haɗa a cikin fitilun gefen gaba da na'urar fitilun wutsiya a madadin masu safara.
Masanin gine-gine da zane
Buƙatun ƙwararru
Amfani da "Architect" ko gajarta kamar "Ar." kamar yadda doka ke tsara take da sunan mutum a wasu ƙasashe.
Jaguar Mark V
Siffofin
Ana samun Mark V mai launin fenti guda 12, a hade daban-daban mai launuka 7, amma masana'antar ba ta ba da magani mai sautin biyu ba, kuma ba ta bayar da farar tayoyin bango ba. Motoci biyu da masana'antar ta yi masu nau'i-nau'i biyu, da kuma wasu 32 masu launi daban-daban na musamman, saboda dalilai da ba a sani ba. Wasu ƙila dillalan Amurka sun yi musu fenti mai launi biyu kafin ko bayan siyar da su, da kuma tayoyin farar bango.
Masanin gine-gine da zane
Kuɗaɗe
Tsarin kuɗin gine-gine yawanci ya dogara ne akan adadin ƙimar gini, azaman ƙimar kowane yanki na ginin da aka tsara, ƙimar sa'o'i ko ƙayyadadden kuɗin dunƙule. Haɗuwa da waɗannan sifofin su ma na kowa ne. Kafafen kuɗaɗe yawanci ana dogara ne akan kuɗin da aka keɓe na aikin kuma suna iya bambanta tsakanin kashi 4 zuwa 12% na sabon kuɗin gini, don ayyukan kasuwanci da na hukumomi, ya danganta da girman aikin da ƙaƙƙarfan aikin. Ayyukan mazaunin sun bambanta daga 12 zuwa 20%. Ayyukan gyare-gyare yawanci suna ba da umarni mafi girma bisa ɗari, wanda ya kai 15-20%.
Gaba ɗaya lissafin kuɗi na kamfanonin gine-gine sun yi yawa, ya danganta da wuri da yanayin tattalin arziki. Lissafin kuɗi sun dogara ne akan yanayin tattalin arzikin gida a al'ada amma, tare da saurin haɗin gwiwar duniya, wannan yana zama ƙasa da wani abu ga manyan kamfanoni na duniya. Albashi kuma ya bambanta, dangane da gogewa, matsayi a cikin kamfani (ginin ma'aikata, abokin tarayya, ko mai hannun jari, da sauransu), da girman da wurin kamfanin.
Ƙungiyoyin sana'a
Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun ƙasa sun wanzu don haɓaka aiki da haɓaka kasuwanci a cikin gine-gine.
Kyaututtuka
Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun ƙasa da sauran ƙungiyoyi ne ke ba da kyautuka iri-iri, tare da sanin ƙwararrun masu gine-gine, gine-ginensu, tsarinsu, da ayyukan ƙwararru.
Kyautar da ta fi dacewa da mai ginin gine-ginen zai iya samu ita ce lambar yabo ta Pritzker, wani lokaci ana kiranta " Kyautar Nobel don gine-gine." Wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Pritzker shine Philip Johnson wanda aka ambata "tsawon shekaru 50 na tunani da kuzari wanda ya ƙunshi ɗimbin gidajen tarihi, dakunan karatu na wasan kwaikwayo, gidajen lambuna da tsarin kamfanoni". An ba da lambar yabo ta Pritzker na bugu arba'in da biyu kai tsaye ba tare da katsewa ba, kuma a yanzu akwai ƙasashe 22 da ke da aƙalla na gine-gine guda ɗaya. Sauran lambobin yabo na gine-gine masu daraja sune lambar yabo ta Royal Gold, Medal na AIA (Amurka), Medal na Zinare na AIA (Ostiraliya), da Praemium Imperiale.
Masanan gine-gine a Burtaniya, wadanda suka ba da gudummawa ga wannan sana'a ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙira ko ilimin gine-gine, ko kuma ta wata hanya ta ci gaba da sana'ar, har zuwa 1971 za a iya zaɓar su ƴan uwan Royal Institute of British Architects kuma za su iya rubuta FRIBA bayan sunansu idan suna jin karkata. Wadanda aka zaba don zama memba na RIBA bayan 1971 suna iya amfani da baƙaƙen RIBA amma ba za su iya amfani da tsohuwar ARIBA da FRIBA ba. Abokin girmamawa na iya amfani da baƙaƙen, Hon. FRIBA. kuma Fellow na Ƙasashen Duniya na iya amfani da baƙaƙen Int. FRIBA. Masu gine-gine a Amurka, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga sana'ar ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙira ko ilimin gine-gine, ko kuma ta wata hanya ta ci gaba da sana'ar, an zaɓe su Fellows na Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine ta Amurka kuma za su iya rubuta FAIA bayan sunansu. Masu gine-gine a Kanada, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga sana'a ta hanyar bayar da gudummawa ga bincike, malanta, sabis na jama'a, ko ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun gine-gine a Kanada, ko kuma wani wuri, ana iya gane su a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. za su iya rubuta FRAIC bayan sunansu. A Hong Kong, wadanda aka zaba don zama memba na HKIA na iya amfani da HKIA ta farko, kuma waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ta musamman bayan nadi da kuma zaɓen Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine ta Hong Kong (HKIA), za a iya zabar su a matsayin ƴan uwan HKIA kuma suna iya amfani da FHKIA. bayan sunansu.
Masu gine-gine a Philippines da Filipino al'ummomin kasashen waje (ko su Filipinos ne ko a'a), musamman ma wadanda kuma suke da'awar wasu ayyuka a lokaci guda, ana magana da su kuma an gabatar da su azaman Architect, maimakon Sir / Madam a cikin magana ko Mr./Mrs. /Ms. ( G./Gng. /Bb. in Filipino) kafin surnames. Ana amfani da wannan kalmar ko dai a cikin kanta ko kafin sunan da aka bayar ko sunan mahaifi.
Duba kuma
• Architectural designer
• Architectural drawing
• Architectural engineering
• Architectural technologist
• Building officials
• Chartered architect
• Civil engineer
• Construction engineering
• Construction manager
• Drafter
• Expression (architecture)
• Landscape architect
• Starchitect
• State architect
• Structural engineering
• Urban designer
• Women in architecture
Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu
Congress of African Trade Unions ( COSATU ko Cosatu ) ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce a Afirka ta Kudu. An kafa ta ne a shekarar 1985, kuma ita ce mafi girma a cikin manyan kungiyoyin kwadagon kasar guda uku, tare da kungiyoyin kwadago 21 masu alaka.
Kafawa da tarihin farko
A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1985, ƙungiyoyi 33 sun hadu a Jami'ar Natal don tattaunawa game da kafa tarayyar kungiyoyin kwadago. Wannan ya biyo bayan tattaunawar hadin kai na tsawon shekaru hudu tsakanin kungiyoyi masu gasa da kungiyoyin da ke adawa da wariyar launin fata da kuma "daukar nauyin da ba na kabilanci, ba jinsi da dimokiradiyya Afirka ta Kudu." An kafa COSATU bisa hukuma a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1985. Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Afirka ta Kudu (FOSATU), Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa,  da wasu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, musamman Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa. Elijah Barayi shi ne shugaban kungiyar na farko da Jay Naidoo babban sakatare na farko.
An zartar da kudurori da dama a wannan taro na farko da suka bayyana manufar hukumar da kuma yadda hukumar ke gudanar da ayyukanta, wato:
Yaki da wariyar launin fata
A babban taro na uku da aka yi daga ranar 12 zuwa 16 ga watan Yulin 1989, an zartar da wani kuduri wanda ya bukaci mambobin kungiyar COSATU da su shiga wani kamfen na "daukar mataki" na yaki da wariyar launin fata, a makon da ya gabato babban zaben kasar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1989.
A ranar 26 ga Yulin 1989, COSATU, United Democratic Front da Mass Democratic Movement, suka kaddamar da yakin neman zabe na kasa, inda aka mamaye wuraren da aka kebe domin farar fata, kuma kungiyar da jihar ta haramtawa ta bayyana kansu 'ba a hana su ba'.
Bayan ayyukan wariyar launin fata
Majalisar ta COSATU ta yanke shawarar a shekara ta 2012 don haɗa kai da ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta duniya mai fafutuka, yayin da ta ci gaba da kasancewa memba a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Kasuwanci ta Duniya.
A yayin taron 2016 da aka gudanar a Durban, Michael Mzwandile Makwayiba, shugaban COSATU reshen NEHAWU Michael Mzwandile Makwayiba ya zama shugaban kungiyar kwadago ta duniya.
Cosatu ya sami raguwar zama memba bayan 2012, kodayake ta kasance babbar ƙungiyar ƙwadago.
Tsibirin Barlavento
Tsibirin Barlavento (Fotigal: Ilhas de Barlavento, a zahiri, Tsibirin Windward) shi ne rukunin arewacin tsibirin Cape Verde. Yana gabatarwa azaman ƙananan ƙungiyoyi biyu:
Majalisar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu
Korar kungiyar ma'aikatan karafa ta kasar Afirka ta Kudu
A kan 8 Nuwamba 2014, Irvin Jim, babban sakatare na babbar cibiyar COSATU, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Afirka ta Kudu (NUMSA), ta sanar da cewa an kori ƙungiyar daga COSATU bayan kuri'a a wani babban zartarwa na musamman. An kira kwamitin wanda ya haifar da kuri'u 33-24 na amincewa da korar. An tuhumi NUMSA da keta kundin tsarin mulkin COSATU
A ranar 6 Nuwamba 2014, aikace-aikacen doka na gaggawa ta NUMSA don hana kwamitin zartarwa na musamman daga taron koli na Kudancin Gauteng ya dakatar da shi, don haka ya ba da izinin taron.
Tsibirin Barlavento
Jimlar ƙasar ta kai 2,239 km2 (864 sq mi). Saukewa daga Longitude -22.67 zuwa -25.36 (wanda ke nuna yammacin Firayim Ministan Meridian), rukunin yana zaune a cikin Iskokin Ciniki, musamman a zaɓin kudu ko zaɓi na jirgin ruwan Turai da ake kira maɓallin Volta do Mar. Tsibiran suna yamma da Cap-Vert a -17.31 yamma, bi da bi kuma gefen yamma na Afirka a gefen Dakar (babban birnin Senegal).