cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Eulychianus Saigbe
Karatu da aiki
St, Philomena Elementary School, 1963, St Philomena Junior High School, 1966, Rick Institute, Liberia, 1967-69,State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA, 1971-75, University of Akron, Ohio, USA,1975-77, minister na Education for Administration,1979-80, minister na state, 1980-81, minister na Posts and Telecommunications, 1981, minister of Education, 1981-86, minister of state, 1986, minister of Posts and Telecommunications, Aprelu-Mayu 1986, member na Comparative and International Education So ciety, 1976.
Adabin Afirka
Wani batu na yau da kullun a lokacin mulkin mallaka shine labarin bawa, sau da yawa ana rubuta shi a Turanci ko Faransanci don masu sauraro na yamma. Daga cikin sassan farko na wallafe-wallafen Afirka da suka sami yabo mai mahimmanci a duniya shine Things Fall Apart, na Chinua Achebe, wanda aka buga a 1958. Littattafan Afirka a ƙarshen zamanin mulkin mallaka suna ƙara nuna jigogi na 'yanci da' yancin kai.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Haɗin kai
Kekunan matches na iya shawo kan rashin jituwa a farashin ƙarin mataccen nauyi. Hakazalika tare da adaftan haɗakarwa.
Adabin Afirka
Littattafan bayan mulkin mallaka sun zama masu yawa, tare da wasu marubuta da suka koma yarensu. Jigogi na yau da kullun sun haɗa da rikici tsakanin baya da yanzu, al'ada da zamani, kai da al'umma, da kuma siyasa da ci gaba. Gabaɗaya, marubutan mata a yau suna da wakilci sosai a cikin wallafe-wallafen Afirka fiye da yadda suka kasance kafin samun 'yancin kai. Har ila yau, intanet ta canza yanayin wallafe-wallafen Afirka, wanda ya haifar da hauhawar karatun dijital da dandamali na bugawa kamar OkadaBooks.￼
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Haɗin kai
Nau'in haɗakarwa ba shi da mahimmanci lokacin da jiragen kasa ke tafiya cikin ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin toshe.
Adabin Afirka
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Kamar yadda George Joseph ya lura a cikin babi na wallafe-wallafen Afirka a cikin Fahimtar Afirka ta zamani, yayin da ra'ayoyin Turai game da wallafe-walfinai suka jaddada rabuwa da fasaha da abun ciki, wayar da kan jama'a ta Afirka ta haɗa kuma " wallafe- wallafe-finai" na iya nufin amfani da kalmomi na fasaha don kare fasaha kadai. A al'ada, 'yan Afirka ba sa raba fasaha daga koyarwa. Maimakon rubuta ko raira waƙa don kyakkyawa a cikin kanta, marubutan Afirka, suna karɓar alamun su daga wallafe-wallafen baki, suna amfani da kyakkyawa don taimakawa sadarwa da muhimman gaskiya da bayanai ga al'umma. Ana ɗaukar abu mai kyau saboda gaskiyar da yake bayyana da kuma al'ummomin da yake taimakawa wajen ginawa.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Haɗin kai
Kekunan zamani galibi ana gina su ne da kayan zane da aka ƙera don sauƙin juyawa zuwa wani nau'in haɗin gwiwa na tsakiya kamar AAR ko SA3.
Adabin Afirka
Littattafan baki
Littattafan baki (ko orature, kalmar da masanin Uganda Pio Zirimu ya kirkira) na iya kasancewa a cikin layi ko aya. Sau da yawa rubutun yana da tatsuniyoyi ko tarihi kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da labarun halin trickster. Masu ba da labari a Afirka wani lokacin suna amfani da dabarun kira da amsawa don ba da labarinsu. Waƙoƙi sun bayyana waka mai ba da labari wanda ya dogara da ɗan gajeren labari kuma ana yawan rera shi, ta hanyar: labari mai ban sha'awa, aya ta sana'a, aya ta al'ada, waƙoƙin yabo na sarakuna da sauran fitattun mutane. Yabon mawaƙa, bards wani lokacin da ake kira "griots", suna ba da labarinsu tare da kiɗa. Har ila yau ana maimaitawa, sau da yawa ana raira waƙa, waƙoƙin soyayya, waƙoƙi na aiki, waƙomin yara, tare da rubutun kalmomi, karin magana da ma'ana. Wadannan al'adun baki sun kasance a cikin harsuna da yawa ciki har da Fula, Swahili, Hausa, da Wolof.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Birki
Birki na iska na Westinghouse da vacuum birki (ko babu ci gaba da birki kwata-kwata) yawanci ana haɗa su. Birki biyu ko bututu kawai zai iya shawo kan rashin jituwa. Ana ɗaukar birki na Vacuum kuma a matsayin wanda aka daina amfani da shi. An fara sanya birki na pneumatic ta hanyar lantarki (ECP) akan jiragen ƙasa masu nauyi da sauri don ƙarin aiki, kuma tsarin ECP guda biyu sun dace. Ya kamata a fifita birki na iska zuwa vacuum birki saboda girman ƙarfinsu.
Hijirar ɗan adam
Hijirar ɗan adam ita ce ƙaura daga wannan wuri zuwa wani don zama a can. Yakan faru da yawa. Hijira na iya kasancewa cikin ƙasashe ko tsakanin ƙasashe. An san ’yan Adam sun yi ƙaura da yawa a cikin tarihi da kafin tarihi.
Wani lokaci, motsi na son rai ne, amma wani lokacin, ana tilasta wa mutane motsi. Suna iya fuskantar yaƙe-yaƙe, zalunci na addini da na siyasa, yunwa, da sauran bala’o’i. Lokacin da aka tilasta wa mutane ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira ne. Yawancin 'yan gudun hijirar bakin haure ne ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma fiye da rabin yara ne da mata. Suna iya rayuwa cikin matsanancin talauci, rashin abinci, matsuguni, sutura, ilimi da kula da lafiya.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Wutar lantarki
Yawancin layin dogo a Afirka suna amfani da dizal, amma wutar lantarki a inda yake yawanci ya dace da daidaitattun zamani na 25 kV AC, tare da wasu tsarin da ba a gama ba suna amfani da tsofaffin 3 kV DC. Trams a cikin birane yawanci ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki ne kamar 750 VDC. Dual da Multi voltage locomotives da lantarki mahara raka'a (EMUs) an tabbatar da fasaha. Nahiyar Afirka na da babban karfin wutar lantarki da za ta iya tafiyar da jiragen kasa masu amfani da wutar lantarki da su, ko da yake hakan ba zai faru cikin dare daya ba.
Adabin Afirka
Littattafan baki
A Aljeriya, waƙoƙin baki wani muhimmin bangare ne na al'adun Berber lokacin da yawancin jama'a ba su iya karatu ba. Wadannan waƙoƙin, da ake kira Isefra, an yi amfani da su don fannoni na rayuwar addini da ta duniya. Waƙoƙin addini sun haɗa da ibada, labaran annabci, da waƙoƙin girmama tsarkaka. Waƙoƙin duniya na iya kasancewa game da bukukuwan kamar haihuwa da bukukuwannin aure, ko asusun jarumai jarumawa. A matsayin wani misali, a Mali, ana ci gaba da watsa shirye-shiryen baki ko tatsuniyoyi a rediyo a cikin harshen Booma.
Littattafan da suka gabata
Misalan wallafe-wallafen Afirka na mulkin mallaka suna da yawa. A Habasha, akwai manyan wallafe-wallafen da aka rubuta a cikin Ge'ez wanda ya koma akalla zuwa ƙarni na huɗu AD; aikin da aka fi sani da wannan al'adar shine Kebra Negast, ko "Littafin Sarakuna". Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun al'adun gargajiya na Afirka shine labarin "trickster", inda karamin dabba ke amfani da basirarsa don tsira daga haɗuwa da manyan halittu. Misalan masu yaudarar dabbobi sun haɗa da Anansi, gizo-gizo a cikin al'adun mutanen Ashanti na Ghana; Ijàpá, tururuwa a cikin al-adun Yoruba na Najeriya; da Sungura, zomo da aka samo a cikin al al'adun tsakiya da Gabashin Afirka. Sauran ayyukan da aka rubuta suna da yawa, wato a Arewacin Afirka, yankunan Sahel na yammacin Afirka da kuma bakin tekun Swahili. Daga Timbuktu kadai, akwai kimanin rubuce-rubuce 300,000 ko fiye da aka ɓoye a cikin ɗakunan karatu daban-daban da tarin masu zaman kansu, galibi an rubuta su a Larabci amma wasu a cikin harsunan asali (watau Fula da Songhai). An rubuta mutane da yawa a sanannen Jami'ar Timbuktu. Abubuwan sun rufe batutuwa da yawa, gami da ilimin taurari, shayari, doka, tarihi, bangaskiya, siyasa, da falsafar. Littattafan Swahili, kamar haka, sun samo asali ne daga koyarwar Islama amma sun bunkasa a cikin yanayin asali, daya daga cikin shahararrun kuma farkon littattafan Swahili shine Utendi wa Tambuka ko "Labarin Tambuka".
Hijirar ɗan adam
Hijira daga karkara zuwa birane
Noma aiki ne mai wahala, tare da ɗaukan dogon sa'o'i da ƙarancin albashi. Da yawa manoma ne. A ƙasashe masu tasowa, rashin kuɗi yana nufin rashin injuna. Masifu, kamar fari, guguwa, ambaliya da aman wuta, suna lalata kauyuka da amfanin gona. Akwai karancin ayyuka kamar makarantu da asibitoci a karkara.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Ma'aunin lodi
Ya kamata a daidaita tsayin dandali da karusai, da kuma rata tsakanin dandamali da karusai.
Adabin Afirka
Littattafan da suka gabata
Amma ga Maghreb, 'yan Arewacin Afirka kamar Ibn Khaldun sun sami babban bambanci a cikin wallafe-wallafen Larabci. Jami'o'i na Arewacin Afirka na Tsakiya sun yi alfahari da jami'o'in kamar na Fes da Alkahira, tare da adadi mai yawa na wallafe-wallafen don kara musu.
Hijirar ɗan adam
Hijira daga karkara zuwa birane
Da yawa suna zuwa da kuɗi kaɗan don haka ba za su iya saya ko hayar gida ba, ko da akwai ɗaya. Dole ne su yi matsuguni na ɗan lokaci tare da arha ko kayan amfani. Wasu sun hakura su koma gida. Yawancin 'ya'yan ma'aikacin ƙaura suna kokawa don neman ilimi.
Jevne Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
Garin Jevne birni ne, da ke Aitkin County, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 322 kamar na ƙidayar 2010.
Hijirar ɗan adam
Hijira daga karkara zuwa birane
A cikin sabuwar ƙasa, galibi ba a haɗa su kuma ana ɗaukar su kamar marasa daraja. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar su ko da mutanen yankin ba sa son baƙi saboda suna yin aiki iri ɗaya. Ƙarin mutane yana nufin ƙarin zirga-zirga da ƙarin laifuka. Baƙi suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka birane, samar da arha aiki, saka kuɗi, siyan kayayyaki da ayyuka, biyan haraji, da taimakawa kamfanoni su yi takara.
Adabin Afirka
Littattafan mulkin mallaka na Afirka
Ayyukan Afirka da aka fi sani da su a Yamma daga lokutan mulkin mallaka da cinikin bayi sune ainihin labarun bayi, kamar Olaudah Equiano's The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equano (1789).
Hijirar ɗan adam
zamanin da
Proto-Indo-Turai sun yi hijira sau da yawa tsakanin 4000 zuwa 1000 BC, bisa ga hasashen Kurgan.
Ingancin Abinci
Ingancin abinci ko ingancin abinci shine halayen ingancin abinci wanda aka yarda da masu amfani. Wannan ya haɗa da abubuwan waje kamar bayyanar (girman, siffar, launi, mai sheki, da daidaito), rubutu, da dandano; abubuwa kamar ma'auni na tarayya (misali na qwai ) da na ciki (sinadarai, jiki, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta).
Hijirar ɗan adam
Zamanin yanzu
Yunkurin yawan jama'a a wannan zamani ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin nau'in ƙaura na son rai a cikin yankin mutum, ƙasarsa, ko bayansa, da ƙaura ba da son rai ba, wanda ya haɗa da cinikin bayi, fataucin mutane, da tsabtace ƙabilanci. Mutanen da suka yi ƙaura ana kiransu ƴan hijira ko baƙi, ya danganta da yanayin tarihi, yanayi, da hangen nesa.
Mutane da yawa sun mutu yayin da suke ƙaura.
Ingancin Abinci
Ana aiwatar da ingancin abinci a cikin Amurka a Dokar Kare Abinci ta shekarar 1990. Jama'a sun koka da ƙwararrun ma'auni na kasuwanci,  waɗanda suka gabatar da samfuran ƙararraki da samfuran da aka yi amfani da su don sa ido akai-akai a kasuwannin abinci ga manazarta jama'a. Masu nazarin jama'a suna gudanar da bincike na kimiyya akan samfuran don tantance ko ingancin ya isa daidai.
Ingancin abinci shine muhimmin buƙatun masana'antar abinci, saboda masu amfani da abinci suna da saurin kamuwa da kowace nau'in gurɓatawa da ka iya faruwa yayin aikin masana'anta. Yawancin masu amfani kuma sun dogara da ƙa'idojin masana'antu da sarrafawa, musamman don sanin abubuwan da ke akwai, saboda abinci, buƙatun abinci mai gina jiki ( kosher, halal, mai cin ganyayyaki ), ko yanayin kiwon lafiya (misali, ciwon sukari, ko alerji ).
Adabin Afirka
Littattafan mulkin mallaka na Afirka
A lokacin mulkin mallaka, 'yan Afirka da suka fallasa harsunan Yamma sun fara rubutu a cikin waɗannan harsuna. A cikin 1911, Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford (wanda aka fi sani da Ekra-Agiman) na Gold Coast (yanzu Ghana) ya buga abin da mai yiwuwa shine littafin Afirka na farko da aka rubuta a Turanci, Habasha Unbound: Nazarin Race Emancipation. Kodayake aikin yana motsawa tsakanin fiction da goyon bayan siyasa, bugawa da sake dubawa mai kyau a cikin manema labarai na Yammacin Turai sun nuna lokacin canji a cikin wallafe-wallafen Afirka.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Axle lodi
Nauyin axle ya bambanta sosai, ya danganta da ƙarfin waƙar, musamman ma nauyin layin dogo waɗanda gabaɗaya suka yi nauyi ga zirga-zirgar zamani. Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin nauyin jirgin ƙasa shine 40 kg/m, ko da yake 50 kg/m 60 kg/m za a fi so don amfani mai nauyi.
Adabin Afirka
Littattafan mulkin mallaka na Afirka
A wannan lokacin, wasannin Afirka da aka rubuta a Turanci sun fara fitowa. Herbert Isaac Ernest Dhlomo na Afirka ta Kudu ya buga wasan Afirka na farko na harshen Ingilishi, The Girl Who Killed to Save: Nongqawuse the Liberator a 1935. A cikin 1962, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o na Kenya ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Gabashin Afirka, The Black Hermit, labari mai gargadi game da "kabilanci" ( nuna bambanci tsakanin kabilun Afirka).
Littattafan Afirka a ƙarshen mulkin mallaka (tsakanin ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na I da ƴancin kai) sun ƙara nuna jigogi na' yanci, ƴancin 'yancin kansu, da kuma (tsakanirukan' yan Afirka a yankunan francophone) baƙar fata. Ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin ƙungiyar negritude, mawaki kuma shugaban Senegal, Léopold Sédar Senghor, ya buga a cikin 1948 tarihin farko na waƙoƙin Faransanci da 'yan Afirka suka rubuta, Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache de langue française (Anthology of the New Black and Malagasy Poetry in the French Language), wanda ke nuna gabatarwar marubucin Faransanci Jean-Paul Sartre.
Ga marubutan da yawa wannan girmamawa ba ta ƙuntata ga bugawa ba. Mutane da yawa, hakika, sun sha wahala sosai kuma kai tsaye: an zarge su da jefa alhakinsu na fasaha don shiga cikin yaƙi, an kashe Christopher Okigbo a yaƙin Biafra da ƙungiyar Najeriya ta yakin basasa na shekarun 1960; An tsare Mongane Wally Serote a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ta'addanci ta Afirka ta Kudu No. 83 na 1967 tsakanin 1969 da 1970, kuma daga baya ba tare da an taɓa yin shari'a ba; Dan kasarsa Arthur Norjeunta ya kashe kansa; Jack Mapanje na Malawi a kurkuku ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'ar Swarwarwarwar ba; Ken Swarwar da aka dakatar da shi a jami'a; Ken Sharwarwarwar;
Littattafan Afirka na bayan mulkin mallaka
Tare da 'yanci da karuwar karatu da rubutu tun lokacin da yawancin ƙasashen Afirka suka sami ƴancin kansu a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960, wallafe-wallafen Afirka sun karu sosai da yawa da kuma karbuwa, tare da ayyukan Afirka da yawa da ke bayyana a cikin tsarin karatun ilimi na Yamma da kuma jerin "mafi kyawun" da aka tattara tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20. Marubutan Afirka a wannan lokacin sun rubuta a cikin yarukan Yamma (musamman Turanci, Faransanci, da Portuguese) da kuma cikin yarukan gargajiya na Afirka kamar Hausa.
Ali A. Mazrui da sauransu sun ambaci rikice-rikice bakwai a matsayin jigogi: rikici tsakanin Afirka da ta gabata da ta yanzu, tsakanin al'ada da zamani, tsakanin 'yan asalin ƙasar da na waje, tsakanin mutum da al'umma, tsakanin zamantakewa da jari-hujja, tsakanin ci gaba da dogaro da kai da kuma tsakanin Afirka da bil'adama. Sauran jigogi a wannan lokacin sun haɗa da matsalolin zamantakewa kamar cin hanci da rashawa, bambancin tattalin arziki a cikin sabbin ƙasashe masu zaman kansu, da haƙƙoƙi da matsayin mata. Marubutan mata a yau suna da wakilci sosai a cikin wallafe-wallafen Afirka da aka buga fiye da yadda suka kasance kafin samun 'yancin kai.
A shekara ta 1986, Wole Soyinka na Najeriya ya zama marubucin Afirka na farko bayan samun ƴancin kai don lashe kyautar Nobel a cikin adabi. A baya, an ba da kyautar Albert Camus wanda aka haifa a Aljeriya a shekara ta 1957. Sauran wadanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel ta Afirka a cikin adabi sune Naguib Mahfouz (Masar) a shekarar 1988, Nadine Gordimer (Afirka ta Kudu) a shekarar 1991, John Maxwell Coetzee (Afirika ta Kudu) A shekarar 2003, Doris Lessing (UK / Zimbabwe) a shekarar 2007, da kuma Abdulrazak Gurnah (Tanzania) a shekarar 2021.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Tsawon jirgin kasa da tsallaka tsayin madauki
Tsallake madaukai ya kamata ya kasance muddin jirgin kasa mafi tsayi, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a duniya. Kuma wasu ma'auni na UIC sune 750 and 1500 m.
Adabin Afirka
Ci gaban zamani
Akwai rubuce-rubuce da yawa a Afirka tun farkon shekarun da suka gabata (2010), kodayake masu karatu ba koyaushe ne suke bin adadi mai yawa ba. Hakanan mutum na iya lura da bayyanar wasu rubuce-rubucen da suka karya tsarin ilimi. Bugu da kari, ana iya yin nadama game da karancin masu sukar adabi a nahiyar a zamanin yau. Abubuwan da suka faru na wallafe-wallafen suna da kyau sosai, gami da kyaututtuka na wallafe'o'i, wasu daga cikinsu za a iya rarrabe su ta hanyar ra'ayoyinsu na asali. Al'amarin Grand Prix of Literary Associations yana da kyau sosai. Brittle Paper, wani dandamali na kan layi wanda Ainehi Edoro ya kafa, an bayyana shi a matsayin "babban jaridar wallafe-wallafen Afirka". Kamar yadda Bhakti Shringarpure ya lura, "tsarin dijital na kirkirar Afirka ba wai kawai sun canza wallafe-wallafen Afirka ba har ma sun canza al'adun wallafe-walfinai kamar yadda muka sani".
Jevne Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
Tarihi
Jevene shine sunan dangin majagaba na mazauna Scandinavia.
Adabin Afirka
Littattafan da aka buga a Afirka
An kaddamar da shi a cikin 1980 kuma yana gudana har zuwa 2009, an gabatar da kyautar Noma don Bugawa a Afirka ga fitattun marubutan Afirka da malaman da aka buga a Afirka.
Ingancin Abinci
HBayan ingancin sinadaran, akwai kuma buƙatun tsafta. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da cewa yanayin sarrafa abinci yana da tsabta kamar yadda zai yiwu don samar da abinci mafi aminci ga mabukaci. Misali na baya-bayan nan na rashin tsafta a baya-bayan nan shi ne barkewar cutar E. coli ta Arewacin Amurka a shekarar 2006 da ta shafi alayyahu, barkewar da har yanzu ana kan bincike.
Har ila iyau, ingancin abinci yana hulɗa da gano samfur, (misali, na sinadarai, da masu samar da marufi ), ya kamata a buƙaci tunawa da samfurin. Har ila yau, yana magance batutuwan lakabi don tabbatar da cewa akwai daidaitattun sinadarai da bayanan abinci mai gina jiki.
Jevne Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
Geography
Wani yanki na birnin McGregor ya ƙara zuwa cikin garin amma wani yanki ne na daban.
Makabartu
Garin ya ƙunshi makabartar Lansford.
Ingancin Abinci
Akwai cibiyoyi masu inganci da yawa na ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda ke gwada samfuran abinci don nuna wa duk masu siye waɗanda samfuran inganci ne. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1961 a Brussels, lambar yabo mai inganci ta Monde Selection ita ce mafi tsufa wajen kimanta ingancin abinci. A lokacin lalata, samfuran dole ne su cika ka'idodin zaɓi masu zuwa, wanda Cibiyar ta buƙata: bincike na hankali, nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta da sinadarai, da'awar abinci mai gina jiki da kiwon lafiya, da sanarwar amfani. A taƙaice, hukunce-hukuncen sun dogara ne akan fagage masu zuwa: dandano, lafiya, dacewa, lakabi, marufi, abokantaka da muhalli da ƙima. Kamar yadda yawancin masu siye suka dogara da ƙa'idodin masana'antu da sarrafawa, Zaɓin Cibiyar Monde yana la'akari da Dokar Abinci ta Kasashen Turai.
Jevne Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 321, gidaje 131, da iyalai 94 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 9.4 a kowace murabba'in mil (3.6/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 298 a matsakaicin yawa na 8.7/sq mi (3.4/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.44% Fari, 0.31% Ba'amurke, 0.62% Asiya, da 0.62% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye.
Lanre da Silva
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Da Silva ta kammala karatun sakandare a Najeriya,ta koma Burtaniya don ci gaba da karatu. Don digirinta na farko, ta yi karatun kasuwanci a Jami'ar Coventry. Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kudi daga Jami'ar Leicester. Da Silva yana da aure da ’ya’ya kuma yana da ’yan’uwa biyu. Mahaifinsu shine Sir Leo Babarinde Da Silva, tsohon sakataren gwamnatin jihar Legas.
Jevne Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
Akwai gidaje 131, daga cikinsu kashi 29.0% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 63.4% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 3.8% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 28.2% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 26.0% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 7.6% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.45 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.91.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Tsawon jirgin kasa da tsallaka tsayin madauki
Saboda hatsarori da namun daji irin su zakuna ke haifarwa, sarrafa madaukai da hannu ba lallai ba ne kyakkyawan ra'ayi ba ne, kuma wani mataki na sarrafa kansa na waɗannan fitowar, da kuma shinge, yana da kyawawa.
Jevne Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
Alkaluma
A cikin garin an bazu yawan jama'a, tare da 27.1% a ƙasa da shekaru 18, 3.7% daga 18 zuwa 24, 22.4% daga 25 zuwa 44, 29.6% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 17.1% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 42. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 115.4. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 122.9.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $33,333, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $41,500. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $31,964 sabanin $18,750 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $15,689. Kusan 4.8% na iyalai da 15.9% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 21.4% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 13.3% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
Kungiyar tarayyar africa dake kula da layin dogo
Mafi ƙarancin radius
Yana iyakance saurin gudu, kodayake saurin ba su da mahimmanci akan ƙananan layin reshe. Mafi ƙarancin radius shima yana shafar manyan jiragen ƙasa masu nauyi, saboda ɗabi'ar cire kekunan daga layin dogo da karkatar da su.
Harshe
Rudani har ma da hatsarori na iya faruwa idan an yi amfani da yare fiye da ɗaya (ko lafazin) don sarrafa hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Sauƙaƙan harshe kamar ƙwanƙolin teku zai yi amfani don rage irin waɗannan matsalolin.
Namibiya
Ya zuwa shekarata 2007, layin dogo Namibia ya gina kusan 300 km na layi tare da Angola. Namibiya ta kasance tana amfani da Tubular Modular Track. Tubular Modular Track yana kiyaye juriyar waƙarsa har ma a cikin mafi tsananin yashi na hamada. Transnet Freight Rail a Nahiyar Afirka ta Kudu yana amfani da Tubular Modular Track a cikin babban filin Ermelo akan ton miliyan 70 a kowace shekara. Ci gaba da tallafawa da Tubular Modular Track ke bayarwa yana haɓaka rayuwar dogo da fitowar mutane da ninki biyu da rayuwar walda da kashi goma (idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada da slabtrack suna ba da takamaiman tallafi don dogo). Hukumar Kula da Jirgin Kasa ta Afirka ta Kudu (PRASA) tana amfani da Tubular Modular Track a cikin tashoshi don tabbatar da daidaitacce a tsaye tsakanin dandamali da jiragen kasa.
Najeriya
Shirye-shiryen da Najeriya ke yi na canza musu 1,067 mm   layukan ma'auni zuwa 1,435 mm
Libya
Libya ta fara gina sabbin 1,435 a cikin shekarar 2007 mm
Tanzania, Kenya da Uganda
Tanzaniya, Kenya da Uganda sun kasance maza marasa kyau a cikin 1,067 mm   shiyyar Kudu & Gabas kamar yadda suke amfani 1,000 mm
Tsare-tsare na baya-bayan nan na fadada layin dogo tare da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa zuwa ƙasashen da ke maƙwabtaka da su shine gina sabbin layukan cikin ma'aunin ma'auni da yuwuwar haɓakawa da canza layukan ma'aunin mitoci da ake da su zuwa ma'auni mai faɗi iri ɗaya.
Titin dogo na ƙarfe
Layukan dogo na ƙarfe masu nauyi a Afirka suna ɗaukar zirga-zirga fiye da na yau da kullun don haka kusan koyaushe suna ɗaukar daidaitattun ma'auni don amfani da kuma ingantattun fasahar shiryayye. Sabbin irin wadannan layukan na kara kunno kai a kasashen Kamaru da Senegal da Guinea. Gabon ta riga ta zama 1,435 mm
Layi Mai Girma
Layin Babban Gudu ( AIHSRN )
Lanre da Silva
Sana'a
A cikin 2011,da Silva ya gabatar da tarinta a Makon Kasuwanci na New York. matsayin alamar alatu ta Afirka,an sayar da layin tufafinta a kantin Dolce &amp; Gabbana 's "Concept Spiga 2" a Milan. A cikin 2012,ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu zane-zane biyu da aka nemi su shiga cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya "Project Development Project" wanda ke taimakawa wajen tallafawa masana'antar alatu ta nahiyar. A wannan shekarar an buga tambarin ta a cikin mujallar L'Uomo Vogue a cikin wata fitowar da ake kira "Re-branding Africa".
In 2014,her "Rock Delight" collection was presented at the "Vogue Talents"fashion show in Milan,Italy. The designer was inspired by the colours and lines of Olumo Rock,a popular tourist destination located in ￼￼Nigeria￼￼.aHer clothes have also been seen at shows such as the 2008 Thisday Africa Rising Festival in London,the 2009 Arise Africa Fashion Festival in South Africa, the 2009 New York Couture Fashion Week and the 2011 Arise Magazine Fashion Week in Lagos. In 2018,da Silva returned to the Arise Africa Fashion Festival where her collection was described as being elegant and accented by metallic gold colours  British supermodel Naomi Campbell opened the show wearing one of da Silva's outfits.
Ƙirƙirar abin da ta kira fasahar sawa, da Silva ta haɗa kai da mai zane Ayoola Gbolahan don tarin ta na 2017.Mawadaci dalla-dalla,an siffanta tufafin a matsayin ɗaukar hoto na fasaha : "An yi nasarar haɗin kai da fasaha da kuma kayan ado a cikin wannan tarin tare da hotuna masu ƙarfin gaske da aka zana a kan m launuka." A wannan shekarar ne aka zabe ta a matsayin lambar yabo ta Eloy, wani taron Najeriya na murnar nasarar mace. A cikin 2016,mai zanen ya ƙawata bangon littafin da aka buga a Najeriya Complete Fashion Magazine.
Lokacin farawa a matsayin mai zane,da Silva ya sami abubuwan more rayuwa na Najeriya ya zama kalubale. Yana da wuya ta sami gogaggun tela da zippers masu inganci. Koyaya,masana'antar ta haɓaka tun lokacin,tare da saka hannun jari daga gwamnati da kamfanoni. Legas yanzu ta zama cibiyar sayayya a nahiyar Afirka.
Gibering Alima
Gibering Alima (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu, 1942) a Mbanga, Cameroon, shahararran dan siyasa na kasar Cameroon.
Iyali
Yana da mata da yaya.
Karatu da aiki
Regional School, Bafia, 1955, Lycée Général Leclerc, Yaoundé, 1955-62, Federal Úniversity of Cameroon (Certificat d'Etudes (CES) en Sciences Physiques, CES de Chimie Organique, CES de Météorologie), Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture (Diplôme d'Agriculture), director na Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Agri-culture, 1970-75, member na National Economic and Social Council, yayi  minister na  Planning and Industry, 1983-84, yayi minister na  Higher Education and Research, 1984-85,  yayi ambassador na kasar UK.
Maryam Elisha
Maryam Elisha(an haife Maryam Rikoto Elisha)ƙirar Najeriya ce,sarauniya kyakkyawa,kuma mai zanen kayan kwalliya .Ta kafa Rikaoto ta ME fashion brand a cikin shekara ta 2009,shekaru biyu bayan an ba ta sarautar Miss Valentine. An bayyana Elisha a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun jarumai 20 da suka yi fice a fafatawar a Najeriya.
Rayuwa ta sirri da ilimi
Elisha dan jihar Kebbi ne amma haifaffen jihar Kano ne ga mahaifin dan sanda mai ritaya a yanzu da kuma uwa ‘yar kasuwa.Ita ce auta a cikin yara bakwai. Ta yi karatun firamare da sakandire a jihar Kano kafin ta koma jihar Legas domin karanta harshen turanci a jami’ar Legas. Bayan ta sauke karatu daga jami'a, ta wuce makarantar New Jersey Fashion School,a Amurka,inda ta yi horo na tsawon watanni takwas akan zanen kayan kwalliya.
A cikin Maris 2017,Elisha ya yi kira na kud da kud da mutuwa.
Yin samfuri
Wani wakili ne ya zavi Elisha sa’ad da yake makarantar sakandare kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi na kusan shekaru takwas.A matsayin abin koyi,ita ce budurwar Faruz abin sha.Ta kuma yi ƙirar wasu manyan samfuran da suka haɗa da Delta Soap,Bankin Sterling, MTN Nigeria,Lucozade Boost da Bankin Diamond.
Shafin shafi
While studying English Language at the University of Lagos, Elisha entered and won the Miss Valentine Beauty Pageant, 2007. In 2008, she collaborated with another pageant winner, Damilola Otunbanjo, Sisi Oge of Lagos, to advocate for good health care and campaign against stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS. This advocacy brought Elisha the Miss Environment title, by the Lagos State Waste Management Authority, and recognition by the former governor of Lagos state, Babatunde Fashola. Elisha was a contestant in Miss Nigeria 2010, but was sent home during the pageant's reality show Miss Nigeria: The Making of a Queen after pageant CEO Nike Oshinowo insisted she already lived a content life which did not require the crown. Elisha returned to the competition in 2013 after Oshinowo sold the franchise, but did not win.
Elizabeth-Irene Baitie
Elizabeth-Irene Baitie (an haife ta a shekarar alif 1970), marubuciya ce na littattafan labaran matasa da 'yammata 'yar kasar Ghana.
Tarihin rayuwa
Bayan ta halarci makarantar Achimota, Baitie ta karanci ilimin kimiya da ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Ghana, Legon, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin kimiya na kwaleji daga Jami'ar Surrey kuma yanzu haka tana gudanar da dakin gwaje-gwaje na likita a Adabraka. Tana son rubuta labarai tun tana ɗan shekara bakwai kuma ta dace da rubuce-rubucen ta game da aikinta na yau da kullun da rayuwar iyali a Accra tare da yara uku da miji. Tana rubutu bayan aiki, a karshen mako da kuma lokacin tafiya.
Rubutu
Baitie tana rubutu akan yara har ma da matasa. Tana ziyartar makarantu kuma tayi aiki tare da kungiyoyi kamar Gidauniyar Malamai don inganta karatu da littattafai. Tana son ba wa masu karatun ta nishadi da kuma damar tserewa zuwa wata duniya daban, inda ta zabi kar ta jaddada jigon talauci da rashi a cikin littattafan ta, sabanin wasu littattafan matasa a Ghana. A cikin duka The Twelfth Heart da The Dorm Challenge an bayyana taken abokantaka ta hanyar Jin kai ga yarinyar da ta bar ƙaramin ƙauyenta kuma ta sadu da bakin idanu a makarantar da ta shiga.
Khami
Khami, (wanda kuma aka rubuta shi da Khame, Kame ko Kami ) birni ne da ya lalace wanda ke da nisan kilomita, 22 yamma da Bulawayo, a cikin Zimbabwe. Ya taba zama babban birnin, masarautar Butwa,na daular Torwa. Yanzu abin tunawa ne na kasa, kuma ya zama Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya ta UNESCO a 1986.
Magana
Matsalolin da muke gani a yau wani ci gaba ne na tsarin gine-ginen da ya bayyana a Great Zimbabwe,a karni na 13 AD da kuma al'adun, damisa na gida wanda ya gina dandamali na bangon bango wanda za a gina gidaje a kansu. Khami ya nuna wani sabon abu wanda ya gane yanayin da aka gina.Yankin da ke kusa' da Khami, kasancewar kogin, yana da zafi kuma yana da matsala. da zazzabin cizon sauro. Dutsen da aka samu a Khami (laminar granite) ya bambanta da waɗanda aka samu a wasu yankunan Zimbabwe (biotite). Tare da cakuda dolerite, wannan dutse ya fi wuya a fashe kuma ya samar da dutsen gini mara siffa. Ana iya ƙiyasin cewa sama da kashi 60% na dutsen da aka samar a waɗannan, kaddarorin ba zai zama ingancin gini ba. Tushen ginin don haka yana buƙatar a yi su, amma ko da a lokacin duwatsun ba su dace da gina bangon busasshiyar dutse ba. Don haka magina sun yi gyare-gyare kuma suka samar da bangon riƙo. Abu na biyu, dandali na ginin ya sanya gidajen su yi sanyi fiye da na wuraren da ke ƙasa. Ya kuma kawar da matsalar zazzabin cizon sauro ga ‘yan gidan sarautar da suka zauna a wuraren da aka gina. Ganuwar bango ne mai riƙe nauyi wanda aka gina ba tare da turmi ba. Ba kamar na Babban Zimbabwe ba, wasu bangon da ke Khami suna da tushe da aka gina tare da manyan tubalan da aƙalla mutane huɗu za su ɗaga. Binciken da aka yi ya nuna wasu gine-ginen da aka tsara musamman a rukunin Hill Complex, wanda sarki ya mamaye. An fara gina hadadden ginin ta hanyar samar da filaye na bangon bango. An rufe waɗannan tsayayyun ganuwar ta hanyar bango mai inganci na tubalan dutse. An yi wa kowane filin ƙawanya sosai tare da ko dai ƙirar allo, herringbone, ko ƙirar igiya. Filayen sun jingina ciki don kada nauyi ya haifar da rushewa. Filayen da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar jingina a ciki suna da sandunan katako mai yiwuwa masu gadi su riƙe yayin da suke tafiya tare da manyan katanga masu tsayi da tsayi.
Tarihi
Khami shi ne babban birnin daular Torwa kusan shekaru 200 daga kusan shekara ta 1450 kuma da alama an kafa shi ne a lokacin bacewar jihar a Great Zimbabwe. Bayan haka (lokacin gargajiya shine 1683), Changamire Dombo ya ci nasara da shi wanda ya jagoranci rundunar 'yan tawayen Rozvi daga Mwenemutapa ("Monomotapa") Jahar. Binciken da aka yi ya nuna cewa ba a mamaye wurin ba bayan da Rozvi ya karbi ragamar mulki. Rozvi ya yi wani wurin lokaci na Khami, Danamombe (Dhlo-Dhlo), sabon babban birninsu. A cikin 1830s Nguni da ke magana da mahara Ndebele mahara sun kori su daga Khami da da yawa daga cikin wuraren da suka kafa.
Wurin Khami ya bayyana wasu gine-gine guda bakwai da dangin sarki suka mamaye tare da buɗaɗɗen wurare a cikin kwarin da talakawa suka mamaye. Rukunin ya ƙunshi madauwari, wani lokacin filaye, dandali na wucin gadi wanda ke lullube da busasshiyar bangon dutse. Katangar da aka yi wa ado mai tsayi mai tsayi 6m mai tsayi mai tsayi 68m na dandali mai tsauri yana dauke da zanen allo tare da tsawonsa duka. Matakan da ke tashi sama da mita 2-7 a sama, suna ɗauke da bukkoki na dhaka (laka) da tsakar gida inda waɗanda suke da ƙananan matsayi suke rayuwa. Ana iya ganin ragowar bukkoki na shanu da bukkoki na talakawa a ƙasan Dutsen Complex. Rushewar ta haɗa da shingen sarauta ko Hill Complex, wanda dole ne ya kasance a kan ƙasa mafi girma fiye da sauran gine-gine, ganuwar dutse da dandamalin bukka, da kuma giciye na Kirista da aka yi imanin cewa ɗan mishan na zamani ya sanya shi. Haka kuma akwai kango a gabashin kogin Khami. An yi imanin sauran dandamalin dabbobin shanu ne da kuma bangon da aka ajiye tare da sifa. Abubuwan da aka tono na baya-bayan nan (2000-2006) sun bayyana cewa bangon sassan yammacin Dutsen Complex duk an yi musu ado da chequer, herringbone, igiya, da kuma bambance-bambancen tubalan dutse.
Kiyayewa
A farkon shekarun 2000, gidajen tarihi da abubuwan tarihi na kasar Zimbabwe sun kaddamar da wani shiri na kiyayewa da na rikodi wanda manufarsa ita ce mayar da hankali kan kiyayewa da dawo da katangar dutse. Ya zuwa yau, manyan nasarorin da aka samu sune daidaitawa da dawo da katangar terrace akan dandamalin Babban, Cross da Arewa.
Mudgett Township, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota
Garin Mudgett ƙauyen gari ne a cikin Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 84 a ƙidayar 2010.
Mudgett Township an shirya shi a cikin 1916, kuma an ba shi suna don Isaiah S. Mudgett, jami'in gundumar.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 30.2 murabba'in mil (78.3 km 2 ), wanda 30.1 murabba'in kilomita (78.1 2 ) kasa ce kuma 0.1 murabba'in mil (0.2 km 2 ), ko 0.30%, ruwa ne.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 85, gidaje 35, da iyalai 26 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 2.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (1.1/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 47 a matsakaicin yawa na 1.6/sq mi (0.6/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.82% Fari, da 1.18% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye.
Akwai gidaje 35, daga cikinsu kashi 28.6% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 62.9% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 8.6% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 25.7% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 25.7% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance na mutane ne, kuma 5.7% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.43 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.92.
Mutarazi Falls
Mutarazi Falls wani magudanar ruwa ne a gundumar Mutasa a lardin Manicaland', a kasar Zimbabwe. Yana cikin kadada 2,495 Mutarazi National Park kusa da iyakar kudancin Nyanga National Park. 772 meters, ita ce mafi girma a Zimbabwe, ta biyu mafi girma, a Afirka kuma ta 17 mafi girma a duniya.
Bayani
Ruwan ruwa ya fada cikin kwarin Honde a matakai biyu, yana faruwa ne a daidai lokacin da kogin Mtarazi ke gudana a gefen gabas na tsaunukan Zimbabwe.
Paul Lazaro
BOMANI, Paul Lazaro (an haifeshi ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 1925) a Musoma, Tanzania, shahararran dan siyasa na kasar Tanzania.
Iyali
Yana da mata da yaya Mata shida da Maza uku.
Karatu da aiki
Ikizu Secondary School, Loughhorough College, England, 1953-54, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, yayi aiki a Williamson Diamonds Ltd,1945-47, yayi manager Na Victoria Federation of Co-operative Unions Ltd, 1955, yayi minister of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Tan-ganyika, 1960-62, yayi minister na Eco-nomic Affairs and Development Planning, 1965-67, minister of Commerce, 1967-72, Kuma yayi minister of Industries, 1970-72, ambassador na kasar USA, 1972-83, Kuma  ambassador na kasar  Mexico, 1975-83, Dan kungiyar East African Legislative Assembly, 1963-68.
Kratka Township, Pennington County, Minnesota
Garin Kratka birni ne, da ke a gundumar Pennington, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 139 a ƙidayar 2000.
An kira garin Kratka don Frank H. Kratka, ɗan kasuwa na majagaba.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 36.1 sqmi, wanda daga ciki 36.1 sqmi   ƙasa ce kuma 0.04 sqmi   (0.11%) ruwa ne.
Alkaluma
Akwai gidaje 48, daga cikinsu kashi 37.5% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 72.9% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 2.1% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 22.9% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 20.8% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma 12.5% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.90 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.41.
A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 25.2% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 11.5% daga 18 zuwa 24, 30.2% daga 25 zuwa 44, 19.4% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 13.7% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 107.5. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 108.0.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $46,250, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $55,625. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $30,000 sabanin $21,667 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $17,326. Babu daya daga cikin jama'a kuma babu daya daga cikin iyalai da ke ƙasa da layin talauci.
African National Congress
Jami'ar Alkahira ( جامعة القاهرة    ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Jami'ar Masar daga 1908 zuwa 1940, da Jami'ar Sarki Fu'ad I da Jami'ar Fu'ād al-Awwal daga 1940 zuwa 1952, ita ce babbar jami'ar jama'a ta Masar. Babban ɗakin karatunsa yana Giza, nan da nan ƙetare kogin Nilu daga Alkahira. An kafa shi a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1908; duk da haka, bayan an zaunar da shi a sassa daban-daban na Alkahira, ikonsa, wanda ya fara da Faculty of Arts, an kafa shi a babban harabarsa na yanzu a Giza a cikin Oktoba 1929. Ita ce babbar jami'a ta biyu mafi tsufa a cikin manyan makarantu a Masar bayan Jami'ar Al Azhar, duk da kasancewar manyan makarantun ƙwararru waɗanda daga baya suka zama kwalejoji na jami'a. An kafa shi da kuma ba da kuɗaɗen kuɗi a matsayin Jami'ar Masar ta kwamiti na ƴan ƙasa masu zaman kansu tare da tallafin sarauta a cikin 1908 kuma ta zama cibiyar gwamnati a ƙarƙashin Sarki Fuad I a 1925. A shekarar 1940, shekaru hudu bayan rasuwarsa, jami’ar ta canza sunan jami’ar Sarki Fu’ad I don karrama shi. An sake masa suna a karo na biyu bayan juyin juya halin Masar na 1952. Jami'ar a halin yanzu tana yin rajista kusan ɗalibai 155,000 a cikin ikon tunani 20 da cibiyoyi 3. Tana ƙidaya masu lambar yabo ta Nobel guda uku a cikin waɗanda suka kammala karatunta kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma 50 a duniya ta hanyar yin rajista.
Tarihi
Kafin ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1907, wakilin Birtaniya a Masar, Lord Cromer, ya ci gaba da adawa da kafa manyan makarantu a kasar don tsoron kada ya tayar da hankali. Jami'ar ta buɗe a matsayin ƙaramin cibiya mai zaman kanta a cikin 1908. Kafuwarta da wuri da wuri ya sanya ta zama abin koyi ga jami'o'in da suka biyo baya a cikin kasashen Larabawa. An karɓe ta a matsayin jami'ar Jiha a 1925, kuma ta zama Jami'ar Alkahira a 1954.
An kafa jami'ar ne a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1908, sakamakon kokarin da aka yi na kafa cibiyar kula da manyan makarantu ta kasa. Manyan kwalejoji da yawa sun riga sun kafa jami'ar ciki har da Kwalejin Injiniya ( كلية الهندسة ) a cikin 1816, wanda Khedive na Masar da Sudan, Sa'id Pasha, ya rufe a 1854. An kafa Jami'ar Alkahira a matsayin jami'ar farar hula ta turawa, sabanin jami'ar addini ta Al Azhar, kuma ta zama babban abin koyi ga sauran jami'o'in jiha. A cikin 1928, rukunin farko na ɗalibai mata sun shiga jami'a.
Foundation
A farkon karni, masana Masarautar Masar da jiga-jigan jama'a sun fara yin kiraye-kirayen kafa wata cibiya ta ilimi mai zurfi ta Masar don samar da ilimin zamani, na sana'a ga Masarawa. Ma’aikacin Armeniya Yaqub Artin ya yi magana ta farko da aka buga game da kafa jami’ar Masar a 1894. A cikin wani rahoto, ya ba da shawarar "makarantun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da ake da su za su iya samar da tushe ga jami'a." Wadannan manyan makarantu sun hada da Makarantar Gudanarwa da Harsuna, wanda aka kafa a 1868 (wanda ya zama Makarantar Shari'a a 1886), Makarantar Noma da Gina (wanda aka sani da Makarantar Injiniya) a 1866, Dar al-Ulum a 1872, Makarantar Aikin Noma a 1867 da Makarantar Antiquities 1869.
Dan jaridar kasar Siriya Jurji Zaydan ya yi kira da a samar da "makarantar kwalejin Masar" (madrasa kulliya misriyya ) a shekara ta 1900 a cikin mujallarsa ta al-Hilal ta wata-wata. Ya ba da samfura guda biyu don wannan makarantar ta manyan makarantu: Kwalejin Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental a Aligarh, Indiya, wacce ta ba da ilimi irin na Yamma a cikin yaren Ingilishi, ko Kwalejin Furotesta ta Siriya (yanzu Jami'ar Amurka ta Beirut) a Beirut. masu mishan Amurkawa suke gudanarwa. Sabuwar makarantar za ta samar da madadin ayyukan da dalibai suka fara zuwa Turai a karkashin Muhammad Ali. Cece-kuce a kan littattafan Zaydan daga baya za su hana shi shiga aikin koyarwa a jami'a. Wasu fitattun Masarawa da dama ne suka taka rawa wajen kafa wannan jami'a. Tarin manyan ma'aikatun filaye, ma'aikata, 'yan gidan sarauta, da 'yan jarida, lauyoyi, da malaman makaranta da suka hada da Mustafa Kamil, almajiran Muhammad Abduh irinsu Qasim Amin da Saad Zaghlul, daga karshe Khedive Abbas na biyu da Yarima Ahmad Fu'ad I ya shiga hannu. Kamar yadda Donald M. Reid ya rubuta, "'yan jam'iyyar sarauta sun jaddada rawar da Fu'ad ya taka, Watanists sun yi nuni da kiran da Mustafa Kamil ya yi na neman jami'a, kuma wafdists sun jaddada gudunmawar Saad Zaghlul, Muhammad Abduh, da Qasim Amin."
Mawadata Masarawa sun fara yin alƙawarin ba da rancen kuɗi don kafa jami'a tun daga 1905. Gimbiya Fatma Ismail ta bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa. A farkon shekarun 1900, ta ba da gudummawar filaye ga jami'ar a matsayin wani bangare na fafutukar tattara kudade don kafa jami'a ta farko ta Masar. Bayan aukuwar lamarin Dinshaway, Mustafa Kamil al-Ghamrawi, wani hamshakin attajiri daga Beni Suef, ya yi alƙawarin bayar da fam 500 na Masar ga jami'a a watan Satumban 1906. Mustafa Kamil ya wallafa kiran neman karin kudade, yayin da Saad Zaghlul da Qasim Amin suka shirya wani taro da Muhammad Farid da wasu fitattun Masarawa 23 suka halarta. Mambobin taron sun kafa wani kwamiti mai dauke da Zaghlul a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa da Amin a matsayin sakatare, kuma dukkansu in ban da uku sun yi alkawarin bayar da akalla fam 100 ga jami'ar. Sai dai kuma cikin sauri ya barke tsakanin ’yan Watan, almajiran Abduh da Sarautawa, inda suka bar aikin a hannun Fada. A lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1908, Yarima Fuad na daya ne shugaban kwamitin, kuma daya ne daga cikin mutanen da suka hadu a shekarar 1906 ya rage a cikin kwamitin.
Dangane da tsangayar aikin injiniya A shekara ta 2006, kwalejin ta fara aiwatar da tsarin sa'o'in kuɗi ta hanyar ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye kamar haka: injiniyan gine-gine, injiniyan kwamfuta da sadarwa.
A cikin shirye-shiryen 2007 waɗanda aka haɓaka: injiniyan ƙirar injiniya, injiniyan gine-gine da fasahar gini da injiniyan petrochemical.
A cikin 2008, ta gabatar da wani shiri: Injiniyan Gine-gine.
A cikin 2009, ta gabatar da Shirin Injiniyan Ruwa da Muhalli.
Kalubale ga tushe
Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya, musamman Lord Cromer, ta dade tana adawa da kafa irin wannan jami'a. Shekara daya kacal bayan tafiyarsa daga Masar, karkashin Sir Eldon Gorst, aka kafa Jami'ar Masar a karshe. Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yi watsi da tsarin ilimi na Masar a karkashin jagorancin Lord Cromer. Shekaru ashirin bayan kafuwar mulkin Birtaniyya, ilimi ya samu kasa da kashi 1 cikin dari na kasafin kudin jihar. Cromer ya bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa ilimin jama'a kyauta ba manufa ce da ta dace ga al'umma kamar Masar ba, kodayake an gano kudaden don gyara makarantar shari'a a Alkahira don haka Masarawa ba sa fita waje don samun digiri na shari'a a lokacin Sir John Scott. lokaci a matsayin Mai ba da Shawarar Shari'a ga Khedive. Donald M. Reid ya yi hasashen cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda tsoron cewa ilimi irin na Turai zai haifar da tarzoma ta siyasa ko kuma kishin ƙasa. Cromer ya kuma nuna adawa da ba da taimakon kudi ga jami'ar bayan da kwamitin masu zaman kansu ya fara bin lamarin ba tare da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ba.
A shekarunta na farko, jami'ar ba ta da wurin karatu sai dai tallar laccoci a jaridu. Za a gudanar da laccoci a manyan fada da dakunan taro daban-daban. Bayan wani gagarumin bikin bude baki a shekara ta 1908, ya kasance a kan rashin tsaro na tsawon shekaru da dama, inda ya kusa durkushewa a lokacin yakin duniya na daya. Bayan kafuwarta a shekara ta 1908, Jami'ar Masar tana da sashen mata amma an rufe ta a shekara ta 1912. An fara sake shigar da mata zuwa sashin fasaha a cikin 1928.
Matsalolin a wannan lokacin kuma sun haɗa da rashin ƙwararrun malamai don cika hangen nesa na ilimi. Babu wani Masari da ke da digirin digirgir, da ikon koyarwa cikin harshen Larabci da kuma sanin adabin Yammacin Turai a fagensu da wanda za su cika mukaman farfesa. Don haka Turawan Gabas da suka yi lacca a cikin Larabci na gargajiya sun cika rubutu da yawa har zuwa 1930s. Haka kuma jami’ar ta tura dalibanta zuwa aikin ilimi domin samun horon da ya kamata. Na farko, jami'ar ta dauki hayar Italiyanci Carlo Nallino, David Santillana da Ignazio Guidi, saboda alakar Sarki Fuad I da Italiya. Bayan ficewar Italiyanci bayan mamayewar Libya, 'yan Gabashin Faransa Gaston Wiet da Louis Massignon sun dauki mukamai a jami'ar. Jamusawa da Birtaniya ba su da wakilci.
A cikin 1925, an sake kafa jami'ar tare da faɗaɗawa a matsayin jami'ar Jiha a ƙarƙashin Fuad I. Kwalejin liberal arts College (kulliyat al-adab) ta 1908 ta haɗu da makarantun shari'a da likitanci, kuma an ƙara sabon sashen kimiyya. Ahmed Lutfi al-Sayyid ya zama shugaban kasa na farko.
Matsayi
A cikin QS ranking 2021, Jami'ar Alkahira ta kasance matsayi na 2nd a Masar kuma ta 6 a fadin Afirka, kuma an kimanta ta 561-570 a duk duniya.
Vincent Bogui
Farfesa Vincent Bogui (an haife shi ranar 30 ga watan Janairu, 1930) a Jacqueville, Côte d'Ivoire.
African National Congress
Matsayi
A cikin darajar ARWU 2020, jami'a ta kasance matsayi na 1st a Masar. An ƙididdige shi 401-500 a duk duniya.
Dangane da Cibiyar Matsayin Jami'ar Duniya (CWUR) 2020-21, jami'ar ta kasance matsayi na 1st a Masar, kuma 558th a duk duniya.