cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Yanayin Muhalli na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
Matsanancin maki
Wannan jerin matsananciyar wurare ne na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, wuraren da ke da nisa daga arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri.
Manazarta
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Tunawa da Ranar 'Yanci Kai
Tunawa da ranar 'yancin kai abin tarihi ne a Accra, Ghana. Yana tsaye don girmama tsoffin mayaƙan Burma da aka gudanar a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da sojojin Commonwealth inda tsoffin mayaƙan suka yi yaƙi da Daular Burtaniya. Bayan sun dawo Gold Coast, wasu tsoffin mayaƙan sun fara zanga -zangar lumana kuma sun yi tafiya zuwa Christianborg Castle. An harbi masu zanga -zangar, kuma an kashe bakwai daga cikin tsoffin sojojin.
Independence Arch
Independence Arch a Accra, Ghana, wani bangare ne na Dandalin 'Independence wanda ya kunshi abubuwan tarihi na gwagwarmayar neman' yancin kan Ghana, da suka hada da Independence Arch, ƙofar Black Star, da Tunawa da Ranar 'Yanci Kai.
Game da Arch
Tun daga shekarar 2011, sojoji da yawa suna gadin Independence Arch wanda ya hana mutane ɗaukar hotuna na Arch da kuma neman baƙi izinin hukuma, amma kuna da 'yanci don ɗaukar hotunan yankin.
Taiki Morii
Taiki Morii (森井 大輝, Morii Taiki, an haife shi 9 ga Yuli, 1980) ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle na Japan ne kuma ɗan wasan Paralympian.
Aiki
Ya yi takara a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi ta 2002 a Birnin Salt Lake, Amurka, inda ya sanya na shida a Slalom da takwas a Giant slalom, yana zaune LW11.
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2006 a Turin, Italiya, ya ɗauki lambar azurfa a cikin Giant slalom, yana zaune, kuma ya sanya na tara a cikin Downhill, na huɗu a cikin Slalom, na shida a cikin Super-G, yana zaune.
Ya fafata a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi na 2010 a Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Ya ci lambar azurfa a cikin Downhill da tagulla a cikin Super-G, yana zaune. Ya sanya na bakwai a Giant slalom, na bakwai a cikin Slalom, na hudu a cikin Super a hade, yana zaune.
Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwallon Kaffa ta Star Base
Ƙungiyar Kwallon kafa Star Base ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke Ogudu, Legas, wanda Adeoye Segun Hakeem ya kafa acikin watan Satumba 2014.
Tarihi
An kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Star Base ne a shekarar 2014 lokacin da wanda ya kafa kungiyar kuma shugaban kungiyar, Mista Adeoye Segun Hakeem, ya yanke shawarar hada wasu kwararrun matasa masu hazaka a filin wasan kwallon kafa na barikin 'yan sanda ta Mobile Police Barrack Ori-oke dake Ogudu Legas domin samar da wata tawagar kwararru 'yan wasa
Adeoye ya kan buga wasan kwallon kafa na karshen mako tare da kungiyar ‘all star’ mai suna Alapere Mopol FC a barikin ‘yan sanda na Ori-oke Mobile Police Barrack, Ogudu Legas kuma wasu yaran da suka yi wasa tare da shi a cikin kungiyar tauraro da kuma bayansu sun burge shi.
Dangane da hazakarsu, Adeoye ya yi magana da matasan game da mayar da soyayyarsu ga wasan wani abu da zai iya samar musu da sana’a. Don haka sai ya tara su ya sanya wa kungiyar suna Star Base Football Club, Ogudu.
Star Base suna shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Fusion, ƙungiyar FA ta jihar Legas ta amince tawaga yan wasan.
'Yan wasa na yanzu
Tun daga Janairu 2022
Manazarta
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Majalisar Ghana
Majalisar Ghana ita ce majalisar dokoki ta gwamnatin Ghana
Tarihi
Wakilcin doka a Ghana ya fara ne daga 1850, lokacin da ƙasar ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Biritaniya da ake kira Gold Coast. Kungiyar, wacce ake kira Majalisar Dokoki, ta kasance mai ba da shawara ne kawai yayin da Gwamna ke amfani da dukkan ikon doka da na zartarwa. An gabatar da gyare -gyare a cikin 1916 da 1925, kodayake ikon gwamna ya kasance mai yawa. A cikin 1946, an gabatar da wani sabon tsarin mulki wanda ya ba da izinin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ya zama shugabanta yayin da gwamna ya daina zama tsohon shugaban hukumar. Wannan tsarin ya ci gaba har zuwa 1951 lokacin da Majalisar Dokokin ta zaɓi Kakakinta na farko - Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist.
Zaben Majalisar Dokoki da aka gudanar a 1954 ya haifar da wani nasarar CPP, inda jam'iyyar ta lashe 71 daga cikin kujeru 104. Hakanan ta ci kujeru 71 cikin kujeru 104 a zaben Majalisar Dokoki ta 1956. An sake sunan yankin Gold Coast zuwa Ghana kuma ya sami 'yancin kai a ranar 6 ga Maris 1957, yayin da ya ci gaba da rike da masarautar Burtaniya a matsayin shugaban kasa. An sauya Majalisar Dokoki zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.
Bayan amincewa da sabon tsarin mulkin Jamhuriya, Ghana a hukumance ta zama jamhuriya a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1960 tare da Kwame Nkrumah a matsayin Shugabanta. An dauki wannan kudirin a matsayin sabon umarni daga mutane kuma an kara wa'adin mambobin Majalisar Dokoki na wasu shekaru biyar. An bullo da wata jam’iyya daya bayan zaben raba gardama a shekarar 1964. Sakamakon haka, ‘yan takarar CPP ne kawai suka tsaya a zaben Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa da aka gudanar a shekarar 1965. Sojoji ne suka hambarar da Nkrumah a shekarar 1966, wanda ya haramta jam’iyyun siyasa tare da rusa majalisar dokokin kasar.
Kasar ta koma mulkin farar hula a shekarar 1969. Zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta ya haifar da nasara ga Jam'iyyar Progress Party (PP) ta Kofi Abrefa Busia, wacce ta lashe kujeru 105 daga cikin kujerun majalisar 140. Ya fara aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1969. An kifar da gwamnatinsa a juyin mulkin soja na 1972.
A lokacin Jamhuriya ta Uku, wacce ta kasance daga 1979 zuwa 1981, babbar jam’iyya a Majalisar Tarayya ita ce People's National Party (PNP), karkashin jagorancin Hilla Limann, wanda ya lashe kujeru 71 cikin 104 a zaɓen da aka gudanar ranar 18 ga Yuni 1979. Bayan sojoji sun shiga tsakani a shekarar 1981, an rushe dukkan zababbun cibiyoyi kuma an haramta ayyukan jam’iyyun siyasa.
Majalisar Jamhuriya ta Hudu
Bayan shekaru 11 na mulkin soja, an amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki a zaben raba gardama na 1992. An gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa a watan Nuwamba kuma Jerry Rawlings, jagoran juyin mulkin 1981 da kuma shugaban soji na baya ya lashe su. 'Yan adawa sun kalubalanci sakamakon tare da kauracewa zaben' yan majalisar dokoki na watan Disamba. Sakamakon haka, Rawlings 'National Democratic Congress (NDC) ya lashe kujeru 189 cikin 200 na majalisar.
Duk jam’iyyu sun halarci zaɓen ‘yan majalisa na 1996. NDC ta lashe kujeru 133 daga cikin kujeru 200, yayin da babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta New Patriotic Party (NPP) ta lashe 60. Kananan jam'iyyu biyu ne suka lashe sauran kujerun.
Zaben 2000 ya kasance mai mahimmancin gaske saboda a tsarin mulki an hana Shugaba Rawlings neman wani wa'adin. A zaben shugaban kasa, John Kufuor na NPP ya doke dan takarar NDC John Atta Mills a zaben fitar da gwani. A cikin majalisar mai kujeru 200, NPP ta lashe 100, sai NDC ta samu 92. Ƙananan jam’iyyun siyasa da masu cin gashin kansu sun lashe sauran kujerun.
An sake zaben Kufuor a 2004 kuma New Patriotic Party (NPP) ta lashe kujeru 128 cikin 230 a zaben 'yan majalisar na lokaci daya. Babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta National Democratic Congress (NDC) ta lashe 94, yayin da wasu jam'iyyu biyu - The People's National Convention (PNC) da Convention People's Party (CPP) - suka lashe kujeru 4 da 3 bi da bi. Wani Independent ya kwace ragowar kujerar.
Ana amfani da mafi ƙarancin rinjaye (ko Farko da Post) tsarin jefa ƙuri'a a zaɓen majalisar dokokin Ghana. Tun daga 2012, an raba ƙasar zuwa mazabu guda 275. Membobi suna yin wa'adin shekaru huɗu.
Tsarin jagoranci
Kakakin majalisar ba zai iya zama dan majalisa ba duk da cewa dole ne ya mallaki cancantar tsayawa takara a matsayin dan majalisa, irin wannan mutumin da aka nada a matsayin kakakin majalisa dole ne ya yi murabus ya ayyana kujerar da ke cikin majalisar a matsayin babu kowa. Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisa biyu (Mataimakan Shugaban Kasa na Farko da Na Biyu) ne ke taimaka wa Kakakin, wanda aka zaba a farkon kowace Majalisa. Dole ne su fito daga jam’iyyun siyasa daban -daban. Mai magana yanzu shine Alban Kingsford Sumani Bagbin.
Kwamitocin majalisar
Kamar a watan Nuwamba 2020, majalisar tana da kwamitoci na dindindin goma sha huɗu da Kwamitoci Zaɓi goma sha shida. Akwai kuma kwamitin adhoc daya.
Kwamitocin Dindindin:
Alƙawura • Kasuwanci • Kwamitin Zaɓi • Kuɗi • Jinsi da Yara
Tabbacin Gwamnati • Gida • Shari'a • Membobi Riƙe Ofisoshin Riba • Gata
Zaɓi Kwamitoci:
Muhalli, Kimiyya da Fasaha • Abinci, Noma da Harkokin koko • Harkokin Ƙasashen waje • Kiwon lafiya • Ƙasa da Daji • Ƙaramar Hukumar da bunƙasa karkara.
Ma'adanai da Makamashi • Hanyoyi da Sufuri • Dokokin Tsaro • Kasuwanci, Masana'antu da yawon buɗe ido • Ayyuka da Gidaje • Matasa, Wasanni da Al'adu
Kwamitin Ad-hoc:
Kogin Zinariya (1951 – 1957)
Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki, da Majalisar Kasa a 1957
Jiha mai cin gashin kanta a tsakanin Commonwealth (1957 - 1960) / Jamhuriya ta farko (1960 - 1966)
Shugabannin majalisun dokokin kasa
Jamhuriya ta Biyu (1969 - 1972)
Kakakin Majalisar Tarayya
Jamhuriya ta Uku (1979 - 1981)
Kakakin Majalisar Tarayya
Jamhuriya ta Hudu (1992- yanzu)
Shugabannin Majalisa
FIFI gasar cin cupin ta duniya a qatar
Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Qatar, 2022 Official Soundtrack album ne na haɗe tare da masu fasaha daban-daban da aka fitar a cikin 2022. Wannan kundi shine kundin kiɗan hukuma na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA na 2022 da aka gudanar a Qatar.
Takeshi Suzuki (alpine skier)
Takeshi Suzuki (鈴木 猛史, Suzuki Takeshi, an haife shi a watan Mayu 1, 1988) ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle na Japan ne kuma ɗan wasan Paralympic.
Ya shiga gasar wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2006 a Torino, Italiya, inda ya zama na 4 a cikin Downhill da 12th a cikin Slalom, yana zaune.
Ya fafata a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi na 2010 a Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Ya ci lambar tagulla a cikin Giant Slalom, yana zaune. Ya zama 5th a Super hade, 5th a cikin Super-G, 11th a Downhill da 15th a Slalom, zaune.
Katina P
Katina P dai wani jirgin ruwa ne na ƙasar Girka ɗauke da tan 72,000 na mai wanda ya nutse a gabar tekun Mozambique a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun 1992.
Dakunan karatu a Burundi
Akwai dakunan karatu da yawa a Burundi. Wurin karatu ne na ƙasa da ɗakunan ajiya yana cikin Bujumbura. An buɗe ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Burundi a cikin shekarar 1981, kuma an ƙaddamar da shi bisa ƙa'ida a cikin shekarar 1985. Yana da kusan juzu'i 150,000 a farkon 1990s.
Katina P
Nitsewa
A ranar 17 ga watan Afrilun 1992, babban jirgin ruwan Malta mallakar Girka, Katina P da gangan ya yi ƙasa a gwuiwa da jirgin ruwa mai nisan 40 km arewacin Maputo a Mozambique sannan aka watsar da jirgin ruwa. Jirgin ruwan da ya taso daga Venezuela zuwa gabar tekun Farisa, ya yi asarar faranti a lokacin wata guguwa. Biyu daga cikin tankunan jirgin sun fashe sun kuma zubar da kimanin tan 13,000 na man #6 mai nauyi a cikin tashar Mozambik. Haka kuma ton 3,000 ya yoyo daga cikin jirgin a lokacin da yake ƙasa.
Dakunan karatu a Burundi
Laburare na ƙasa
Laburaren kasa na Burundi babban ɗakin karatu ne na ƙasar Burundi, dake Bujumbura. An kafa shi a ranar 20 ga watan Satumba 1989 ta Sashen Al'adu a Ma'aikatar Matasa, Wasanni da Al'adu a karkashin Dokar Minista No. 670/1358. Ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ta ƙasa ita ce Marie Bernadette Ntahorwamiye.
Katina P
Nitsewa
Jirgin ruwan ɗan ƙasar Afrika ta Kudu John Ross, ya samu kwangila ne daga kamfanin Pentow Marine domin ya jawo nakasasshiyar tankar mai zuwa tashar Mozambik inda za a mika ragowar man zuwa wata tankar mai. A lokacin da Katina P ta yi jigilar jirgin ruwa kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun 1992 ta nutse a cikin 2000 m ruwa, 173 km daga gabar tekun Mozambique da 440 km arewa maso gabas da Maputo. Ba a dai bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba a yi jigilar man a farkon jigilar man ba, saboda lokaci ya yi. Agulhas na kudu-motsi a halin yanzu yada man fetur da aka zubar a cikin Maputo Bay, ƙofofin Incomati da Matola kogin, mangrove swamps na Montanhana da Catembe, rairayin bakin teku na Catembe, Polana, Costa do Sol da Bairro dos Pescadores, Xefinas Island, da yawa tare da. bala'in muhalli da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.
Dakunan karatu a Burundi
Laburare na ƙasa
Laburaren ya ƙunshi duka ɗakin karatu da ɗakunan ajiya na ƙasa. Ko da yake a farkon shekarun 1990 har yanzu ba a tsara tarin tarin ba bisa ka’ida ba, saboda rashin ma’aikata da kudade, dakin karatu yana da kundin littattafai da kati da dakin karatu.
Katina P
Nitsewa
An ce an biya diyyar dala miliyan 10.7, amma a ƙarshe an biya dala miliyan 4.5 ga gwamnatin Mozambique. Rashin ƙwararrun ƙasar Mozambik a kan iƙirarin teku da kuma rashin kasancewarta mamba a hukumar kula da jiragen ruwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa an bayyana shi a matsayin dalilan da ya haifar da ƙaramin adadin diyya. Sakamakon haka an biya kuɗin ne dangane da tsarin biyan diyya na son rai da masana'antar mai da kanta ke gudanarwa, wanda aka fi sani da TOVALOP. Binciken da ya biyo bayan bala'in ya nuna rashin kulawa da yawa daga masu mallakar da kyaftin na Katina P. An shirya rugujewar tankar da ba ta dace ba, kuma tana kan hanyarta ne daga Rio de Janeiro zuwa Bangladesh inda za a fasa ta. Yayin da aka tsallaka Tekun Atlantika an ba da umarnin sanyawa da lodin mai a Venezuela da ke shirin zuwa Fujirah a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.
Dakunan karatu a Burundi
Laburare na ƙasa
A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya zuwa shekarar 2014 kusan kashi 61 cikin 100 na mutanen Burundi balagaggu ne sun yi karatu.
Katina P
Nitsewa
Wasu tankokin yaki 5,000 a kowace shekara ana fatattakar su ta tashar Mozambik a shekarar 1999. Daga cikin waɗannan, 1,200 Manyan Masu Dauke Da Danyen Danyen Ruwa ne, kowannensu yana ɗauke da a ƙalla tan 200,000. Tare da wannan bakin teku mai rauni babu wani shiri na gaggawa na gurɓatar ruwa, haka kuma babu wata doka da ta shafi diyya ga barnar da malalar ta yi.
Dakunan karatu a Burundi
Tarin jami'a
An buɗe ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Burundi a cikin shekarar 1981, kuma an ƙaddamar da shi bisa ƙa'ida a cikin shekarar 1985. Yana da kusan juzu'i 150,000 a farkon 1990s. Cibiyar soja mafi girma tana da kundin 4600 a wannan lokacin. Dakunan karatu na jami'a suna ba da yawon shakatawa da koyarwa ga ɗalibai a farkon kowace shekara ta ilimi. Sashen Kimiyyar Laburare a Jami'ar Burundi yana ba da kwas na shekaru biyu don masu neman laburare. Akwai kuma tarin tarin a Cibiyar Aikin Gona da ke Gitega.
Government collections/Tarin gwamnati
Tarin gwamnati ya haɗa da Cibiyar Nazarin Kididdigar Ƙididdiga ta ƙasa a cikin Ma'aikatar Tsare-tsare, Laburaren Ayyukan Noma na Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Sashen Nazarin Kimiyyar Kimiyya, da Cibiyar Ci gaba da Ilimi ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Gudanarwa.
Katina P
Manazarta
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Tafawa Balewa Square
Dandalin Tafawa Balewa, (TBS) filin biki ne, mai 35.8 acre (wanda ake kira "Tsarin Race") a Tsibirin Legas, Legas.
Tarihi
Lagos Race Course a yanzu TBS, filin wasanni ne da ya ɗauki nauyin wasan tseren dawakai, amma ya haɗa da bangaren kwallon kafa da filin wasan kurket. Oba Dosunmu ne ya ba hukumomin mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1859,wanda daga baya ya gina yankunan da ke kewaye. Daga baya gwamnatin Yakubu Gowon ta rusa kwas din don yin hanyar zuwa dandalin Tafawa Balewa. A cikin kwanakinsa masu kyau, kwas ɗin ya shirya faretin ranar Empire. Wasan tseren doki ya kai kusan furlong bakwai zuwa takwas ko mil guda.
A shekarar 1960, an sake gina kwas din ne domin murnar samun ‘yancin kai a Najeriya da kuma sauke jack jack.
Wuri
An gina TBS a cikin shekarar 1972 a kan wurin da ba a taɓa amfani da shi ba don tseren dawakai. Yana da iyaka da titin Awolowo, titin Cable, titin Force, titin Mission Catholic da ginin gine-gine mai hawa 26.
Abubuwan Tunawa
Ƙofar dandalin tana da manyan sassaka sassaka na fararen dawakai huɗu da ke shawagi a saman ƙofar da jajayen gaggafa bakwai, waɗanda alamu ne daga alamar ƙasa da ke nuna ƙarfi da Mutunci bi da bi. Sauran abubuwan tarihi a dandalin sun haɗa da Arcade na Tunawa (tare da abubuwan tunawa da yakin duniya na ɗaya, yakin duniya na biyu da wadanda yakin basasar Najeriya ya rutsa da su) da kuma gidan 'yancin kai mai hawa 26, wanda aka gina a 1963 wanda ya dade, gini mafi tsawo a Najeriya.
Kayayyakin Aiki
Filin wasan kurket, filin wasan Cricket Oval na Tafawa Balewa, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin 'gidan wasan kurket na gargajiya' a Najeriya. Ya ɗauki nauyin wasanni a yankin Arewa maso Yamma na gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2018–19 ICC T20. An rufe filin na tsawon watanni 18 don kammala gyare-gyare daga saman siminti zuwa turf mai ɗigo 10 don cika ka'idojin ICC. An kammala gyaran ne a watan Janairun 2022, bayan haka Najeriya ta karbi bakuncin wasanninta na farko na mata Twenty20 a Gasar Gayyatar Mata na T20I na shekarar 2022.
Abubuwan Tarihi
Manyan abubuwan da suka faru na kasa a TBS sun haɗa da bikin 'yancin kai na Najeriya wanda ya gudana a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba 1960 tare da Firayim Minista, Tafawa Balewa, ya gabatar da jawabinsa. Ranar Dimokuradiyya, da sauran al'amuran da suka shafi al'adu daban-daban kamar jamborees na kade-kade da tarukan addini.
Manazarta
1
Dandalin Black Star
Muhimmancin
Dandalin Black Star dandali ne na faretin ranar samun 'yancin kan Ghana, wanda ake yi ranar 6 ga watan Maris a kowace shekara. Wani babban fareti na musamman shi ne Golden Jubilee, wanda shi ne bikin cika shekaru 50 da samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila. Bikin Jubilee na zinare ya faru ne a ranar 6 ga watan Maris, 2007 kuma Shugaba John Kuffour ne ya jagorance shi. Har ila yau, tana karbar bakuncin duk manyan tarurrukan jama'a na kasa da kuma bukukuwan kasa. Kowane baƙo yana da 'yanci don ɗaukar hotunan gine -gine, gami da Ƙofar Black Star.
Tsari
A Dandalin Independence akwai kujerun da za su iya ɗaukar mutane 30,000. Dandalin yana alfahari da abubuwan tarihi guda uku waɗanda suka ƙunshi fafutukar neman 'yancin kai da' yanci. Wannan ya haɗa da Independence Arch, Tunawa da Ranar 'Yanci Kai, da Black Star Monument, wanda kuma ake kira da ƙofar Black Star. Wani mutum -mutumi na sojan da ke fuskantar Arch Independence Arch na alamta 'yan Ghana da suka rasa rayukansu suna fafutukar neman' yancin Ghana.
Bikin Gobandawu
Bikin Gobandawu (Doya) biki ne na girbi na shekara -shekara wanda sarakuna da mutanen dukkan yankunan gargajiya a Yankin Arewacin Ghana ke yi.
Bukukuwa
A lokacin bikin, ana amfani da doya da tsuntsaye a matsayin hadaya ga doka.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don yin godiya ga alloli don girbi mai yawa.
Tyler Walker (skier)
Tyler Walker (an haife shi Afrilu 10, 1986) ɗan sit-skier ne tare da agenesis na lumbar sacral. Ya fafata ne a Amurka a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2014 inda hatsarin ya sa bai karasa ba. Gasar da ya yi wa Amurka a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin hunturu ta 2018 ta samu nasara sosai kuma ya ci lambobin azurfa biyu.
Gani Fawehinmi Park
Gani Fawehinmi Park, wanda aka fi sani da Liberty Park, fili ne na jama'a da ke Ojota, Legas, Najeriya kusa da babbar hanyar Legas zuwa Ibadan da kuma hanyar Ikorodu, Legas. An gina dajin ne domin karrama dan rajin kare hakkin dan Adam na Najeriya kuma lauya Gani Fawehinmi inda aka ajiye babban mutum-mutuminsa a tsakiyar gonar. Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ce ta kaddamar da wannan mutum-mutumin mai tsawon kafa 44 a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu, 2018. Har ila yau, lambun yana da ƴan alamomi da ke ba da taƙaitaccen labari game da rayuwarsa. Sauran sassaka sassaka, shimfiɗar wuri mai laushi da benci an haɗa su don sanya sararin samaniya kyakkyawa da dacewa don shakatawa da ƙananan abubuwan. A ranar 3 ga watan Yuli, 2021 ne aka gudanar da taron gangamin kabilar Yarbawa.
Manazarta
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Laburaren Kasar Kamaru
Laburaren Ƙasa na Kamaru shine ɗakin karatu na ƙasar Kamaru (Bibliothèque nationale du Cameroun). An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1966 kuma yana cikin Yaoundé.
A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya zuwa shekarar 2010 kusan kashi 71 cikin 100 na manya 'yan Kamaru sun yi karatu.
Laburaren kasa na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
Laburaren Ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango ( Bibliothèque Nationale de la République démocratique du Congo) yana cikin Kinshasa kuma an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1974 a matsayin ofishi a cikin Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Fasaha. A shekarar 1989, ya zama mai cin gashin kansa a karkashin umarnin shugaban kasa.
Laburaren Kasar Kamaru
Bibliography
.Marcel Lajeunesse, ed. (2008). "Cameroun". Les Bibliothèques nationales de la francophonie (PDF) (in French) (3rd ed.). Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. OCLC 401164333.
Laburaren kasa na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
A cikin shekarar 2009, Laburaren ya sami shirin $15 miliyan daga Model Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Jami'ar Chicago da UNESCO don sabunta kayan aiki, horar da membobin ma'aikata da siyan sabbin fasaha da kayayyaki. Duk da cewa dakin karatu na dauke da hotunan tarihi sama da dubu bakwai na tarihin siyasa da al'adun kasar, kashi 25% ne kawai aka duba sakamakon karancin kayan aiki.
Laburaren Kasar Kamaru
Bibliography
.Charles Kamdem Poeghela (2011). "Où en seront les bibliothèques camerounaises dans dix ans?". Bulletin des bibliothèques de France (6). . (Brief mention of the library in national context)
Cutar huhu na yau da kullun
Ciwon huhu na yau da kullun (COPD) wani nau'in cutar huhu ne mai toshewa wanda ke da matsalar numfashi na dogon lokaci da rashin isasshen iska. Babban alamun sun hada da karancin numfashi da tari tare da samar da sputum. COPD cuta ce mai ci gaba, ma'ana yawanci takan tsananta akan lokaci. Daga ƙarshe, ayyukan yau da kullun kamar tafiya ko yin sutura suna zama da wahala. Cutar sankara na yau da kullun da emphysema sune tsoffin kalmomin da ake amfani da su don nau'ikan COPD daban-daban. Har ila yau ana amfani da kalmar "nau'i-nau'i na mashako" don ma'anar tari mai amfani wanda ke samuwa na akalla watanni uku a kowace shekara har tsawon shekaru biyu. Wadanda ke da irin wannan tari suna cikin hadarin hadaka COPD. Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar "emphysema" don rashin kasancewar iska ko wani iskar gas a cikin kyallen takarda.
Mafi yawan sanadin COPD shine shan taba, tare da mananan adadin lokuta saboda dalilai kamar gurbataccen iska da kwayoyin halitta. A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, daya daga cikin tushen gurbacewar iska shine rashin hura wutar lantarki da dafa abinci. Tsawon lokaci ga wadannan abubuwan haushi yana haifar da amsa mai kumburi a cikin huhu, yana haifar da kunkuntar kananan hanyoyin iska da rushewar kwayar huhu. Sakamakon ganewar asali ya dogara ne akan rashin kyawun iska kamar yadda aka auna ta gwajin aikin huhu. Sabanin asma, raguwar kwararar iska baya inganta sosai tare da amfani da bronchodilator.
Yawancin lokuta na COPD za a iya hana su ta hanyar rage hadari ga abubuwan hadari. Wannan ya hada da rage yawan shan taba da inganta ingancin iska na cikin gida da waje. Duk da yake jiyya na iya raguwa da tabarbarewa, ba a san magani ba. Magungunan COPD sun hada da daina shan taba, alluran rigakafi, gyaran numfashi, da sau da yawa shakar bronchodilator da steroids. Wasu mutane na iya amfana daga dogon lokaci na maganin oxygen ko dashen huhu. A cikin wadanda ke da lokuta na muni mai tsanani, ana iya bukatar karin amfani da magunguna, maganin rigakafi, steroids, da asibiti.
Ya zuwa 2015, COPD ta shafi kusan mutane miliyan 174.5 (2.4% na yawan al'ummar duniya). Yawanci yana faruwa a cikin mutanen da suka haura shekaru 40. Maza da mata suna fama daidai da yawa. A shekarar 2015, ta yi sanadin mutuwar mutane miliyan 3.2, fiye da kashi 90 cikin 100 a kasashe masu tasowa, sama da miliyan 2.4 a shekarar 1990. An yi hasashen adadin wadanda suka mutu zai karu saboda karuwar yawan shan taba a kasashe masu tasowa, da kuma yawan tsufa a duniya. kasashe da dama. Ya haifar da kiyasin tsadar tattalin arziki na dalar Amurka tiriliyan 2.1 a cikin 2010.
Bikin Shinkafa
Bikin Shinkafa shi ne bikin girbi na shekara -shekara da sarakuna da mutanen Akpafu a Yankin Oti, a hukumance yankin Volta na Ghana ke yi. Yawancin lokaci ana yin bikin ne a cikin watan Janairu.
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don nuna alamar wani abin da ya faru a baya.
Cataract
Cataract shine gajimare na ruwan tabarau na ido wanda ke haifar da raguwar gani. Cataracts sau da yawa suna tasowa a hankali kuma yana iya shafar idanu ɗaya ko duka biyu. Alamun na iya haɗawa da ɓatattun launuka, blur ko hangen nesa biyu, halos kusa da haske, matsala tare da fitilu masu haske, da matsalar gani da daddare. Wannan na iya haifar da matsala tuƙi, karatu, ko gane fuskoki. Rashin hangen nesa wanda cataracts ke haifarwa na iya haifar da ƙarin haɗarin faɗuwa da damuwa. Cataracts yana haifar da rabin dukkan cututtukan makanta da kashi 33% na nakasar gani a duniya.
Cataracts sun fi yawa saboda tsufa amma kuma yana iya faruwa saboda rauni ko bayyanar radiation, kasancewa daga haihuwa, ko faruwa bayan tiyatar ido don wasu matsalolin. Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da ciwon sukari, shan taba, dadewa ga hasken rana, da barasa. Hanyar da ke da tushe ta haɗa da tara tarin furotin ko launin ruwan rawaya-launin ruwan kasa a cikin ruwan tabarau wanda ke rage watsa haske zuwa kwayar ido a bayan ido. Ana gano cutar ta hanyar duban ido.
Rigakafin ya haɗa da sanya tabarau, faffadan hula, cin ganyaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da guje wa shan taba. Tun da farko ana iya inganta alamun bayyanar da tabarau. Idan wannan bai taimaka ba, tiyata don cire ruwan tabarau mai hazo da maye gurbinsa da ruwan tabarau na wucin gadi shine kawai ingantaccen magani. Ana buƙatar tiyata kawai idan cataracts yana haifar da matsaloli kuma gabaɗaya yana haifar da ingantacciyar rayuwa. Ba a samun yin aikin tiyatar ido ba da sauri a ƙasashe da yawa, wanda ke faruwa musamman ga mata, waɗanda ke zaune a karkara, da waɗanda ba su san karatu ba.
Rauni
rauni wani nau'in taruwar jini ne ne na tsoka,  mafi yawan sanadin kasancewar  lalacewar capillaries ta hanyar rauni, wanda take haifar da zubar da jini wanda ya wuce zuwa cikin tsakankanin nama  na kewaye. Yawancin raunuka suna faruwa a kusa da fata, saboda haka, zubar da jini ya haifar da chanjin  launi na bayyane. Daga nan sai raunin ya kasance a bayyane har sai jinin ya shanye ko kuma ya share ta hanyar aikin garkuwowin jiki. raunin da bata  ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na iya shafar kananun jijiyoyin jini a matakin fata, nama na subcutaneous, tsoka, ko kashi.
kada a rikita rauni da sauran  raunuka masu kama da juna. Irin waɗannan raunuka sun haɗa da (1) petechia (kasa da 3 mm (0.12 a), wanda ze iya zuwa sakamako masu yawa da bambance-bambance irin su mummunan halayen daga magunguna irin su warfarin, damuwa, asphyxiation, cututtuka na platelet da cututtuka irin su cytomegalovirus ); da (2) purpura ( 3–10 mm (0.12-0.39 in) ), wanda aka rarraba shi azaman ɓacin rai ko purpura mara kyau kuma yana nuna yanayin cututtuka daban-daban kamar thrombocytopenia. Bugu da ƙari, (3) kodayake ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga da yawa suna magance ecchymosis (jam'i, ecchymoses) (girman, fiye da 1 . ) kamar yadda yake daidai da rauni, a cikin wasu tsare-tsare, za'a iya banbanta  cutar ta ecchymosis ta hanyar nisan sa daga tushe da kuma yanayin  zubar jini, tare da kuma yadda jinin yake shiga  rarraba jini ta jiragen nama da kuma zama a wani yanki mai nisa daga wurin rauni ko rauni. har ma da cututtukan cututtukan da ba su da rauni, kamar a cikin ecchymosis na periorbital (" idon raccoon "), wanda ya taso daga karayar kwanyar kai ta basilar ko kuma daga neuroblastoma. A matsayin wani nau'in hematoma, rauni  yana haifar da nau'in  zubar da jini na ciki  wanda ba ya keta ta, yawanci yakan fara ta hanyar raunin na abu mai tsini, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ta hanyar takurar jiki da kuma susucewa.yanayin  da ya isa ya haifar da rauni  zai iya faruwa daga yanayi iri-iri daban daban wanda suka haɗa da haɗari, faɗuwa, da tiyata. yanayin cututtuka irin su rashin isasshen ko rashin aiki na platelet, sauran cututtukan  coagulation, ko cututtuka na jijiyoyi, irin su toshewar jijiyoyi da ke hade da rashin lafiya mai tsanani na iya haifar da samuwar purpura wanda ba za a rikitashi da rauni ba. duk raunin da  isa ya tsaga  fata kuma ya ba da damar jini ya fita daga cikin naman jiki, raunin ba rauni ba ne, sedai akirashi da zubar jini, nau'in zubar da jini daban-daban. Irin wannan zubar jinin da ya faru na iya kasancewa rauni ya biyo baya.
Alamomi
Rauni sau da yawa yakan haifar da ciwo nan da nan bayan dalilin da ya haifar da samuwar shi, amma ƙananan raunuka ba su da haɗari. Wani lokaci raunuka na iya zama mai tsanani, wanda zai haifar da wasu nau'o'in hematoma masu barazana ga rayuwa, kamar lokacin da aka hade da raunuka masu tsanani lokacin karaya da zubar da jini mai tsanani.
Yiwuwa da tsananin rauni ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da nau'i da lafiyar tsokar jikn da abin ya shafa. Ana iya gane ƙananan raunuka cikin sauƙi a cikin mutanen da ke da launin fata ta siffa mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi (wanda aka kwatanta da "baƙar fata da shuɗi") a cikin kwanakin da suka biyo baya.
Harin bam a Maiduguri, Janairu 2014
Da misalin karfe 1:30 na rana ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 2014, wata mota makare da bama-bamai ta tashi a birnin Maiduguri na jihar Borno a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Bam din wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane aƙalla 17, ya fashe ne a gaban ofisoshin gidan talabijin na ƙasar da ke kusa da wata kasuwa. Rundunar soji ta ce an kama wani da ake zargi. Ƙungiyar Boko Haram mai da’awar jihadi - wacce ta kai hari Maiduguri fiye da kowane birni - ta ce ita ce ta kai harin.
Rauni
Alamomi
Hematomas za a iya rarraba ta girman. Ta hanyar ma'anar, ecchymoses suna da girman santimita 1 ko girma, don haka sun fi petechiae girma (kasa da milimita 3 a diamita) ko purpura (3 zuwa 10 millimeters a diamita). Ecchymoses kuma suna da iyaka mai yaduwa fiye da sauran purpura. Faɗin ma'anar ecchymosis shine tserewar jini zuwa cikin kyallen takarda daga fashewar tasoshin jini. Kalmar kuma ta shafi launin fata na subcutaneous wanda ya haifar da zubar jini a cikin nama da ya ji rauni.
Zahra Lari
[[File:Zahra Lari at the 2019 Winter Universiade.jpg|thumb|Zahra Lari a 2019 Winter Universiade
Rayuwa ta mutum
Zahra Lari ta fito ne daga Abu Dhabi, UAE inda take zaune tare da iyayenta da 'yan uwanta biyu. Mahaifinta ya fito ne daga Iran. Zahra ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi don gwada wasan kwaikwayo yana da shekaru 12, bayan kallon fim din Disney Ice Princess, kuma ya sami damar fara darussan wasan kwaikwayo jim kadan bayan haka. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Abu Dhabi, inda ta yi karatun lafiyar muhalli da aminci, kodayake tana da taken Shugaba da Co-kafa kungiyar Emirates Skating Club a Abu Dhabi. A shekarar 2017, an haɗa ta a cikin tallan Nike, Inc. wanda ke nuna 'yan wasan mata Musulmi.
Lari kuma ita ce mai wasan kwaikwayo na farko da ta yi gasa a duniya a cikin hijabi. Tana fatan zama mai wahayi da haske ga sauran matasan mata.
Farkon aiki
Zahra Lari ta fara koyon tsalle-tsalle tana da shekaru 12 a Zayed Sports City. Kodayake mahaifiyarta ta fara tallafawa, ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci kafin mahaifinta ya bar ta ta yin gasa, ya fi son ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin abin sha'awa. Koyaya, bayan ta ga yadda take da sha'awar wasanni, sai ya sauƙaƙe.
Lokacin 2011-12
Ta fara buga wasan farko a duniya ne a kakar 2011-12 a gasar cin kofin Turai a Canazei, Italiya. Ta sami raguwa saboda takalmin kanta, saboda ba wani bangare ne na kayan ado ba. Koyaya, bayan sun ɗauki batun tare da ISU, sun canza dokar, suna ba da izinin sanya sutura a gasar.
Gidan Ilimi
Gidan Ilimi ( دار العلم) tsohuwar jami'a ce ta Halifancin Fatimid (Masar ta yau), wacce aka gina ta a shekara ta 1004 a matsayin dakin karatu kuma Fatimid Imam-Khalifa al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah ya mayar da ita jami'ar jiha a wannan shekarar.
Zahra Lari
Lokacin 2013-14
Lari ta yi gasa a gasa ta kasa da kasa guda uku. Ta kasance ta 7 a gasar cin kofin zinare ta Dubai, ta 12 a gasar cin Kofin Sabuwar Shekara, kuma ta 26 a gasar Sportland Trophy.
Gidan Ilimi
Masanin tarihi na karni na 15 al-Maqrizi ya rubuta cewa “Majalisar hikimar da ke birnin Alkahira ba ta bude kofofinta ga jama’a ba sai kafin a yi wa jama’a kayan aiki, da ado da kawata dukkan kofofi da madogara, kuma an nada bayi da yawa. Kuma adadin ɗakunan ajiya a cikin kabadiyoyi arba'in, kowane ɗayansu zai iya ɗaukar littattafai kusan dubu goma sha takwas. Kuma (akwatunan) sun kasance a buɗe, kuma littattafai suna isa ga kowa. Kuma wanda yake son littafi, to littafin yana iya samunsa cikin sauki. Idan ba za a iya samun littafi da kansa ba, mutum na iya neman taimakon ma’aikatan da aka ɗauka.”
Dangane da al'adar ilimi ta Musulunci, Fatimidawa sun tattara litattafai da suka shafi fannoni daban-daban kuma dakunan karatu sun ja hankalin malamai daga sassan duniya. Imam-Khalifa al-Hakim ya kasance babban majibincin ilimi kuma ya samar da takarda da alkalami da tawada ba tare da caji ba ga duk mai son yin karatu a wurin.
Zahra Lari
Lokacin 2015-16
Saboda rauni, Zahra kawai ta yi gasa a FBMA Trophy wanda aka gudanar a gidanta.
Lokacin 2016-17
Zahra ta fafata a wasannin hunturu na Asiya a Japan, Kofin Tyrol, EGNA Spring Trophy, FBMA Trophy a Abu Dhabi a gidanta, Skate Helena da Merano Cup.
Lokacin 2017-18
Zahra ta yi gasa a Trophy (Olympic Qualifiers), Bavarian Open, Cup of Tyrol, FBMA trophy (wanda aka gudanar a gidanta), Golden Bear, Slovenia Open da UAE National Championship.
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a gasar
CS: Jerin kalubale
Hussain Salihu
An haifi Hussain Egyegbola Salihu ranar 29 ga watan Yuni, 1959 a kauyen Agwatashi dake karamar hukumar Obi a jihar Nasarawa. Dan asalin jihar Nasarawa ne kuma shine Sanata mai wakiltar Nasarawa ta Kudu.
Farkon Rayuwa
Hussain ya halarci makarantar Sakandare ta Mada Hius inda ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na sakandare (WAEC) a shekarar 1978 sannan ya wuce Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello inda ya yi digirin farko a fannin Architecture a shekarar 1982. A shekarar 1984 ya ci gaba a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello don yin digirinsa na biyu a fannin fasahar kere kere. Ya kuma sami takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri a cikin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Jos a 1992.
Siyasa
A zaben 2015, Salihu ya tsaya takarar kujerar Sanatan Nasarawa ta Kudu a karkashin jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) kuma aka bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Dan takarar jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party,(PDD) kuma Sanata mai ci, Sanata Suleiman Adokwe Ya kalubalanci Nasarar Salihu a Kotun Saurraron kararrakin zabe ta jihar Nasarawa, daga baya kotun ta yi watsi da karar da ya shigar a gaban ta ya daukaka kara a kotun da ke Markudi a jihar Benue, inda kotun ta tabbatar da nasarar zaben Sanata Adokwe sannan ta umarci INEC da ta mayar da Sanata Adokwe a matsayin zababben sanata mai wakiltar Nasarawa ta Kudu.
Ma'aikatar Kasafin Kuɗi da Tsare-Tsare ta Tarayya (Najeriya)
Ma'aikatar kasafin Kuɗi da tsare-tsare ta tarayya na ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatun tarayyar Najeriya.
Tarihi
An kafa ta ne ta hanyar doka mai lamba 12 ta 1hekarar 1992 matsayin Hukumar Tsare -tsare ta Kasa sannan daga baya dokar ta 71 ta 1993 ta yi mata kwaskwarima. Babban nauyin da ke wuyan hukumar shi ne tsara tsare-tsare na matsakaici da dogon zango na tattalin arziki da ci gaban al'umma.
Ƙungiya
Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Kasa tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ministan Tsare-tsare na Ƙasa, wanda kuma shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Ƙasa. Shugaban Hukumar shine Mataimakin Shugaban kasa (a halin yanzu, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo ).
Tarihi
An kafa Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Kasa ne ta hanyar doka mai lamba 12 ta shekarar 1992 sannan daga baya aka gyara ta ta hanyar doka ta 71 ta 1993. Hukumar tana da hurumin tantancewa da ba gwamnatin tarayya shawara kan al’amuran da suka shafi ci gaban kasa da gudanar da tattalin arzikin kasa baki ɗaya. An zayyana cikakkun manufofi, ayyuka, iko da tsarin hukumar a ƙarƙashin sashe na 2, 3 da 5 na Dokar Kafa ta.
Ajendar Canji
Ajandar Canji dabara ce ta ci gaba ta matsakaicin lokaci don hanzarta aiwatar da NV 20:2020. Tsari ne na aiwatar da ajandar bunkasa tattalin arzikin Gwamnatin Tarayya a tsakanin shekarar 2011-2015. Ajandar ta dogara ne akan ginshiƙai da manufofin NV 20:2020 kuma tana da nufin i) samar da ingantattun ayyukan yi a adadi mai yawa don magance matsalar rashin aikin yi da ta daɗe da rage fatara, ii) aza harsashi mai ƙarfi da ci gaba a cikin ￼￼Nijeriya￼￼.￼￼Tattalin Arziki, da iii) inganta, bisa ɗorewa, jin daɗin kowane nau'in ƴan Najeriya ba tare da la'akari da yanayinsu da wurinsu ba. Ɓangarorin guda huɗu da aka fi mayar da hankali kan ajandar kawo sauyi sun haɗa da shugabanci, bunkasa jarin dan Adam, samar da ababen more rayuwa da kuma sashe na hakika.
Shirin Kasa na Farko domin Aiwatar da tsarin
Shirin Kasa na Farko domin Aiwatar da tsarin (1st NIP ), mai taken "Haɓakar Ci gaban, Gasa da Ƙirƙirar Arziki", wani matsakaicin tsari ne na aiwatar da manyan manufofi na dogon lokaci da manufofin NV 20:2020. NIP ta ɗaya ita ce tsakanin shekarar 2010-2013 kuma tana da burin dinke barakar ababen more rayuwa a kasar nan, da inganta hanyoyin bunkasar tattalin arzikin kasa domin kara samun ci gaba da yin gasa, bunkasa tattalin arzikin da ya dogara da ilmi don zurfafa tushen fasahar kasar, da inganta harkokin mulki., tsaro da doka da oda, da kuma inganta hanzari, ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin gasa kasuwanci yanayi. NIP ta farko ta ƙunshi ayyuka da shirye-shiryen Gwamnatin Tarayya da kuma tsare-tsaren saka hannun jari ga gwamnatocin Jihohi. Jimillar jarin na NIP na daya ya kai Naira Tiriliyan 32, inda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta zuba Naira Tiriliyan 10, sannan Jihohi da Kananan Hukumomi sun zuba Naira Tiriliyan 9. Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu za su zuba jarin sauran Naira tiriliyan 13.
An kafa tsarin sa ido da kimantawa (M&E) don bin diddigin ci gaba a cikin aiwatar da NIP na farko don tabbatar da babban aiki da rikodi. Tsarin M&E ya kuma haɗa da kwangilar aiki tsakanin Shugaban ƙasa da Ministoci/Shugabannin hukumomi, wanda aka rushe ma’aikatu da Hukumomi. Ana samar da Rahoton M&E na ƙasa kowace shekara.
Vision Nigeria 20: 2020
Ra'ayin Najeriya 20: 2020 shiri ne na hangen nesa; wani tsarin kasuwanci na tattalin arziki da aka yi niyya don mayar da Najeriya cikin jerin kasashe 20 masu karfin tattalin arziki nan da shekarar 2020, tare da bunkasar tattalin arzikin da bai gaza dala biliyan 900 a cikin GDP ba, sannan ga kowane mutum da bai gaza dala 4,000 ba a duk shekara. Rukuni uku na NV 20:2020 sune i) tabbatar da walwala da samar da amfanin jama'a, ii) inganta mahimman hanyoyin ci gaban tattalin arziki da iii) haɓaka ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai dorewa.
NV 20:2020 ita ce yunƙuri na biyu na Najeriya don cimma burinta na ƙasa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin hangen nesa na dogon lokaci. Baya ga tsarin hangen nesa na farko (Vision 2010), yunƙurin tsare-tsare da dama da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Wadannan yunƙurin sun haɗa da Takardun Rage Talauci (PSRPs), Dabarun Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasa da Ƙaddamarwa (NEEDS I & II), dabarun Nijeriya don cimma muradun Ƙarni na Ƙarni, da Ajenda Bakwai.
BUKATA
BUKATA shine dabarun rage talauci na cikin gida na Najeriya (PRSP). NEEDS yana ginawa a farkon ƙoƙarin shekaru biyu na samar da PRSP na wucin gadi (I-PRSP), da fa'idar tuntuɓar juna da haɗin kai da ke tattare da ita. BUKATA ba tsari ne kawai a kan takarda ba, shiri ne a ƙasa kuma an kafa shi bisa kyakkyawar hangen nesa, ingantacciyar dabi'u, da ka'idoji masu dorewa. Tsari ne na matsakaicin lokaci (2003 – 07) amma wanda ya samo asali daga manufofin kasar na dogon lokaci na rage fatara, samar da arziki, samar da ayyukan yi da sake farfado da kimar kasar.
NEEDS wani tsarin aiki ne na kasa baki daya tare da hadin gwiwar gwamnatocin Jihohi da Kananan Hukumomi (tare da dabarun bunkasa tattalin arzikin Jiha, SEEDS) da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki don karfafa nasarorin da aka samu a shekaru hudu da suka gabata (1999-2003) da gina ƙwaƙƙwaran ginshiƙi don cimma dogon hangen nesa na Najeriya na zama ƙasa mafi girma da ƙarfi a Afirka kuma jigo a tattalin arzikin duniya.
TSARI
A matakin Jiha, ana samar da dabarun inganta tattalin arzikin Jiha (SEEDS) don biyan buƙatu. Ƙungiyoyin masu ba da gudummawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da IBRD, DFID, EU da UNDP, suna amfani da wannan canji don daidaita shirye-shiryensu na gida don inganta ingancin taimako ga kasar.
Tun da jihohi ke karɓar sama da kashi 52% na albarkatun tarayya, NPC - tare da haɗin gwiwar masu ba da gudummawa sun yanke shawarar samar da tsarin da za a iya sa ido kan ayyukan jihohi ta hanyar amfani da SEEDS da gano wuraren fifiko da jihohin da ke nuna ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun da aka ware.
An kaddamar da wannan tsarin na SEEDS ne a farkon shekarar 2004, kuma an ba da littafin SEEDS da Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Kasa (NPC) ta tsara wanda ya zayyana abubuwan da ake bukata da kuma tsarin da ake bukata don samar da ingantaccen SEEDS ga dukkan jihohi ta hanyar watsa shirye-shiryen kasa da ya kunshi wakilan gwamnati, kungiyoyin farar hula da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a matakin jiha. Bayan haka, an ba da taimakon fasaha ga duk jihohi don tallafawa ci gaban SEEDS ta ƙungiyoyin masu ba da shawara masu dacewa.
Fa'idodin zuwa Zaɓaɓɓun Jihohi
Parastatals
Cibiyar Ci Gaban Gudanarwa (CMD) wata cibiya ce ta albarkatun da aka kafa ta hanyar doka ta 51 na 1976 a matsayin sashin aiki na Majalisar Gudanarwa ta Najeriya.
Cin zarafin haƙƙin mallaka
Cin zarafin haƙƙin mallaka shine ƙaddamar da wani haramtaccen aiki game da ƙirƙira haƙƙin mallaka ba tare da izini daga mai riƙe da haƙƙin mallaka ba. Ana iya ba da izini yawanci ta hanyar lasisi. Sannan Kuma Ma'anar ƙetare haƙƙin mallaka na iya bambanta ta hanyar hurumi, amma yawanci ya haɗa da amfani ko siyar da ƙirƙirar haƙƙin mallaka. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana buƙatar amfani don zama kasuwanci (ko don samun manufar kasuwanci ) don zama ƙetare ikon mallaka.
An ayyana iyakar ƙirƙirar haƙƙin mallaka ko iyakar kariya a cikin iƙirarin da aka ba da haƙƙin mallaka. Kuma Ma'ana, sharuɗɗan da'awar suna sanar da jama'a abin da ba a yarda da shi ba tare da izinin mai haƙƙin mallaka ba.
Halayen haƙƙin mallaka yanki ne, kuma cin zarafi ba zai yiwu ba ne kawai a cikin ƙasar da ake aiki da haƙƙin mallaka. Misali, idan an ba da haƙƙin mallaka a Amurka, sannan Kuma to duk wani mutum a ƙasar Amurka an hana shi yin, amfani, sayarwa ko shigo da abin da aka mallaka, yayin da mutane a wasu ƙasashe na iya samun ’yancin yin amfani da ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira a ƙasarsu. Iyakar kariyar na iya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, saboda ana bincika alamar haƙƙin mallaka - ko a wasu ƙasashe ba a bincikar su sosai - ta ofishin haƙƙin mallaka a kowace ƙasa ko yanki kuma yana iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin buƙatun ikon mallaka daban-daban.
Bayanin
Yawanci, ƙungiya (banda mai haƙƙin mallaka ko mai lasisi na mai mallakar haƙƙin mallaka) wanda ke kera, shigo da shi, amfani, siyarwa, ko bayar da siyar da fasahar haƙƙin mallaka ba tare da izini/lasisi Kuma daga mai haƙƙin mallaka ba, a cikin wa'adin haƙƙin mallaka da kuma cikin ƙasar da ta bayar. patent, ana la'akari da keta haƙƙin mallaka.
Gwajin ya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, amma gabaɗaya yana buƙatar samfurin ɓangaren da ya keta (ko hanya, sabis, da sauransu) ya faɗi cikin ɗaya ko fiye na iƙirarin ikon mallaka. Tsarin da ake amfani da shi ya ƙunshi "karanta" da'awar akan fasahar sha'awa. Idan an sami duk abubuwan da'awar a cikin fasaha, sannan da'awar an ce "karanta" fasahar; idan kashi ɗaya daga cikin da'awar ya ɓace daga fasaha, da'awar ba ta karanta a zahiri akan fasaha ba kuma fasahar gabaɗaya ba ta keta haƙƙin mallaka dangane da waccan da'awar, sai dai idan an yi la'akari da koyaswar daidaitawa.
Dangane da zarge-zargen cin zarafi, wanda ake zargi da laifin keta haddi yakan tabbatar da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin masu zuwa:
Hakanan ɓangarorin na iya warware takaddamarsu a cikin sulhu, wanda zai iya haɗa da yarjejeniyar lasisi, kamar yarjejeniyar ba da lasisi. Kuma Masu zaman kansu ƙauyuka na iya ba ko da yaushe bauta wa jama'a sha'awa, "saboda shari'ar lamban kira rigingimu zuwa kammala o ƙarin tabbatar da samar da tabbatacce externalities, sannan ta bayyana da iyaka da lamban kira kariya idan da lamban kira da aka kiyaye ko karfafa fadi amfani da bidi'a idan lamban kira ya lalace".
Cin zarafi kai tsaye
A cikin wasu hukunce-hukuncen, akwai wani lamari na musamman na keta haƙƙin mallaka wanda ake kira "indirect infringement." Kuma Za a iya cin zarafi kai tsaye, misali, lokacin da aka yi da'awar na'ura a cikin haƙƙin mallaka kuma wani ɓangare na uku ya ba da samfur wanda za'a iya amfani da shi kawai don yin na'urar da'awar.
Ostiraliya
A Ostiraliya, cin zarafin haƙƙin mallaka yana faruwa ne lokacin da mutum, wanda ba shi ba, sannan ya yi amfani ko ba da izini ga wani mutum ya yi amfani da haƙƙin mallaka da ake tambaya.
'Amfani' a cikin wannan mahallin ya haɗa da:
Kanada
A Kanada, Ƙididdiga ta Patent tana gudanar da haƙƙin mallaka, kuma an taƙaita haƙƙoƙin mai haƙƙin mallaka a s. 42:
Ta hanyar samar da kayan aikin mallaka na musamman, sannan gata da 'yanci na yin, gini ne da cewa duk wani mutum yin, ko kuma sayar da sabuwar hali na da ke haifar da cewa yana nuna cewa patent. Ko an sami keta haƙƙin mallaka yawanci tambaya ce ta gaskiya.
Ana ɗaukar Kanada a matsayin mafi abota ga masu haƙƙin mallaka fiye da na Amurka, saboda babban bambance-bambance tsakanin hukunce-hukuncen biyu:
Turai
A cikin Turai, cin zarafin haƙƙin mallaka na haƙƙin mallaka na ƙasa da haƙƙin mallaka na Turai da gaske ne kotunan ƙasa ke aiwatar da su. Sannna Ko da yake ana ba da haƙƙin mallaka na Turai ta Ofishin Ba da Lamuni na Turai, waɗannan jagorar haƙƙin mallaka na Turai ana aiwatar da su a matakin ƙasa, watau a kowace ƙasa. Yawancin ƙasashe memba na Tarayyar Turai sun amince su kafa tsarin ikon mallakar ƙasa (wanda a da ake kira Community patent ), Kuma bisa ga abin da haƙƙin mallaka za su kasance a tsakiya a gaban Kotun Haɗin Kan Haɗin Kai. Koyaya, rubutun doka masu dacewa ba su fara aiki ba tukuna.