cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sinima a Somaliya
1960 zuwa 1970
Bayan samun ƴancin kai a shekarar 1960, yawan kamfanoni masu samarwa da rarrabawa masu zaman kansu gami da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na gaske sun taso.
A cikin 1961, ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan fasalin ƙasar Somaliya na farko da aka fito da shi shi ne Ƙauna Ba ta Sanin Matsaloli daga Hussein Mabrouk.
A cikin wannan shekarar, haɗin gwiwar Somaliya da China The Horn of Africa ya sami lambar yabo mafi girma a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 4 na kasa da ƙasa da ake gudanarwa duk shekara a Mogadishu, babban birnin kasar.
Daraktan Somaliya Hadj Mohamed Giumale ("Hajji Cagakombe") zai shirya shahararren fim ɗin Miyo Iyo Magaalo ("Gari da ƙauye") bayan 'yan shekaru. A shekarar 1966, shi da sauran masu shirya fina-finan Somaliya sun kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa kafa Fédération Pan-Africaine des Cinéastes (FEPACI).
A shekarar 1969, wani darekta mai dogon zango mai suna Pastoral and Urban Life ya fito daga darakta Mohammed Goma Ali. A cikin 1973, Idriss Hassan Dirie ya ba da umarnin Dan Iyo Xarrago ("Reality & Myth"). Fim mai cikakken tsayi na farko, an sarrafa shi a cikin ɗakunan Technicolor a Rome.
Manchester United F.C.
Kulub din Manchester united (FC), Ana kiran ta da Man United,  ko kuma United, kungiyan kwararrun yan kwallon kafa ne dake zaune a 'Old Trafford', babban Manchester, Ingila, wanda me fafatawa a firimiya League, mafi shaharar kungiyar gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila  Ana masu lakani da "the Red Devils" (Jajayen Aljanu), an kirkiri kungiyar a matsayin 'Newton Heath LYR Football Club' a 1878, ta canja sunan ta zuwa Manchester United a 1902 da kuma komawa filin wasan ta na yanzu, Old Trafford, a 1910. Manchester United tayi nasaran lashe kofina da dama fiye da ko wacce kungiya a Ingila l, ta kafa tarihin cin Kofi 20 League titles, 12 FA Cup, 5 League Cups da kuma tarihin lashe FA Community Shield guda 21. United ta lashe UEFA Champions League guda 3, UEFA Europa League guda 1, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup guda 1, UEFA Super Cup guda 1 Intercontinental Cup guda 1 da kuma FIFA Club World Cup guda 1. A 1998–99, kungiyar ita ce ta farko a tarihin kungiyoyin England data samu ikon nasaran cin continental European treble. Da cin UEFA Europa League a 2016–17, sun zama daya daga cikin culob biyar da suka sami nasaran lashe dukkanin gasukan UEFA, kuma kungiyar kadai daga kasar ingila da ta lashe dukkanin wani gasa da take fafatawa a ciki.
Sinima a Somaliya
1960 zuwa 1970
Bayan wani juyin mulki na zubar da jini a 1969, da samar, rarraba da kuma shigo da fina-finai a kasar da aka nationalized da sabon kafa Koli Revolutionary Council. Daga baya an maye gurbin gidajen sinima masu zaman kansu da gidajen fina-finan da gwamnati ke sarrafawa, kuma ana hasashen kusan fina-finai 500 a shekara.
A shekarar 1975, an kafa Hukumar Fina -Finan Somaliya (SFA), hukumar da ke kula da fina -finan kasar. Ƙari ne ga Ma'aikatar Yada Labarai ta Tarayya da Jagorancin Ƙasa, ta taso daga hannun kayan aikin gani na Ma'aikatar. Ayyukan SFA sun haɗa da kula da shigowa, rarrabawa da tace fina -finai a cikin ƙasar. Daga baya kuma ya kula da samar da dogayen fina -finai da gajeru. Galibin fina -finan da aka shigo da su daga Masar, Italiya, Tarayyar Soviet da Jamus ta Gabas aka shigo da su. Don sauƙaƙe aiki da samarwa, SFA kuma ta ƙirƙiri haɗin gwiwar aiki tare da British Films LTD, wani kamfanin fim na Biritaniya. Daga 1979 zuwa 1983, furodusan fina -finan Somaliya kuma darakta Ali Said Hassan ya kasance wakilin SFA a Rome.
Wani sabon ƙarni na daraktocin fina -finai, masu sarrafa kyamara, masu shirya fina -finai da injiniyan sauti daga baya suka fito, yawancinsu an horar da su a Masar, Italiya, Tarayyar Sobiyat, Jamus ta Yamma, Jamus ta Gabas, Indiya da Ingila. Daga cikin 'yan fim ɗin na ƙarshe akwai Abdi Ali Geedi, Hassan Mohamed Osman, Ibrahim Awad, Ibrahim "Cunshur", Fuad Abdulaziz, Cumar Cabdalla, Mohamed Fiqi da Muxiyadiin Qaliif.
Tsakanin 1970 da 1982, an yi fina-finai sama da talatin, jaridu da labarai. Ana samarwa a kowane mako da kowane wata, galibi ana sarrafa su a Masar kuma ana kiran su Somaaliya oo Sawir'ah ("Somalia a hoto"). An baje kolin waɗannan gajerun shirye -shiryen fina -finai a ɗakunan silima 120 a duk faɗin ƙasar kafin a tsara babban abin jan hankali.
Shekarun 1980
A shekarun 1970 zuwa farkon shekarun 1980, shahararrun kiɗ-kiɗe da ake kira riwaayado sune babban abin motsawa a bayan masana'antar fina -finan Somaliya. A cikin 1983, an fito da fim mai tsawon-lokaci A Somali Dervish. Yana mai da hankali kan Jihar Dervish mai juyi da babban malamin jagoran Diiriye Guure, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan ("Mad Mullah").
A cikin 1984, masanin ilimin Somaliya Charles Geshekter ya samar da fim The Parching Winds of Somalia. Fim akan wurin a Somalia, fim ɗin yayi nazarin yadda mazaunan ƙauyukan ƙasar suka sami nasarar jure wa mummunan yanayin muhallin hamada da kutsawar sojojin daular ta hanyar haɗa ilimin abubuwan da suka gabata, ayyukan musulmai, da dabarun gudanar da kiwo cikin nasara cikin haɗaɗɗen al'adun gargajiya. dabi'u tare da dabarun zamani.
A cikin 1984-1985, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Somaliya kuma mai shirya fim Said Salah Ahmed ya shirya fim ɗinsa na farko, The Darwish of Somaliya (alt. The Somalia Dervishes ), tare da Amar Sneh a matsayin mai samarwa. Tare da kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 1.8, almara ta 4-hour-da-40 an sadaukar da ita ga Jihar Dervish. An yi shi da harsuna bakwai, wato Somali, Larabci, Italiyanci, Ingilishi, da yaruka uku na yanki. Fim ɗin ya haɗa da ainihin zuriyar Mohammed Abdullah Hassan a matsayin tauraron ta, kuma ya ƙunshi ɗaruruwan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ƙari. A cikin 1986, an fito da fim ɗin ɗan gajeren fim na gida da za a haska akan bidiyo. Mai taken Ciyaar Mood ("Ba wasa bane"), mai shirya fim Abdurrahman Yusuf Cartan ne ya bada umarni. Muxiyadiin Qaliif Cabdi da wasu manyan daraktocin Somaliya daban -daban daga baya wasu manyan mashahuran shirye -shiryen wasan kwaikwayo masu zaman kansu.
A shekarar 1987, daraktan fina -finan Somaliya Abdulkadir Ahmed Said ya fitar da wani ɗan gajeren fim mai suna Geedka rayuwa ko Itacen Rayuwa, wanda a shekara mai zuwa ya sami lambar yabo ta birnin Torino a cikin Mafi kyawun Fim - Bangaren Gasar Fina -Finan Ƙasa ta Duniya a Torino International Festival of Matashi Cinema.
A waccan shekarar, an gudanar da Babban Taron Fina-Finan Afirka na Afirka da Larabawa (Mogpaafis), wanda ya haɗu da jerin fitattun masu shirya fina-finai da masana fim daga ko'ina cikin duniya, gami da sauran sassan arewa maso gabashin Afirka da kasashen Larabawa, da Asiya da Turai. Ana gudanar da shi duk shekara a Mogadishu, hukumar shirya fina -finai ta Somaliya ce ta shirya bikin fim.
Kafa cibiyoyin talabijin na ƙasa a wannan lokacin ya kara rura wutar ci gaban shirye -shiryen Somaliya masu zaman kansu, galibi ana yin su a bidiyo. Kasancewar yanzu sun sami ƙarin shiga cikin kasuwar cikin gida, daga nan an mayar da hankali daga filayen fina-finai na gargajiya a gidajen sinima zuwa tsinkayen masu zaman kansu. Sakamakon haka, an shigo da ƙarancin fina -finan ƙasashen waje cikin ƙasar.
Shekarun 1990-yanzu
A cikin 1992, Abdulkadir Ahmed Said ya saki haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar Somaliya da Italiya La Conchiglia ( Aleel ). Wani ɗan gajeren fim ɗin da ke kula da muhalli, ya yi hasashen mummunan tasirin da zubar da guba ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen waje zai yi kan rayuwar ruwa na cikin gida da masunta da suka dogara da shi.
A cikin 2008, masaniyar muhalli ta Somalia Fatima Jibrell ta rubuta tare tare da shirya ɗan gajeren fim ɗin Traffic Traffic, wanda ɗan fim Nathan Collett ya jagoranta. An harbi wuri a Somaliya, yana amfani da labaran almara don ilimantar da jama'a game da lalacewar muhalli da samar da gawayi zai iya haifar.
A cikin 2011, bikin Fim na Abu Dhabi ya kuma ƙaddamar da asusun ci gaban SANAD da ci gaba da samarwa don fina-finai daga ƙasashen Larabawa. Tare da burin ƙarfafa silima mai zaman kanta da marubuci, masu shirya fina-finan Somaliya yanzu suna samun damar tallafin kuɗi, rubutun allo da bita, da tarurruka na sirri tare da masu ba da shawara da masana. Haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 'yan kasuwa na Audiovisual' Yan kasuwa (EAVE), ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 'yan kasuwa, sadarwa da ƙungiyar haɓaka ayyukan, Dubai International Film Festival kuma tana ba wa masu shirya fina-finai na Somaliya ƙungiyar musanya da haɓakawa da taron bitar haɗin gwiwa da aka ware don daraktoci, marubutan allo da masu samarwa daga manyan Larabawa. yanki.
Somaliwood
Wani sabon ƙarni na ƙarin fina-finan da suka shafi nishaɗi da ke fitowa daga masana'antar shirya fina-finan Somaliya ya yi farin jini a tsakanin 'yan Somaliya duka a cikin Somaliya da kuma cikin ƙasashen waje. An kira shi da suna Somaliwood, wannan ƙungiya ta fim ɗin da ke sama ta ƙarfafa yanayin fim ɗin cikin gida, a cikin aiwatar da gabatar da sabbin labaran labarai, dabarun samarwa da dabarun talla. A ƙarshen haɗa da giciye-kafofin watsa labarai marketing, tare da taye-a film Soundtracks featuring shahararren Somali music artists. Popular fina-finai daga Somaliwood hada da Somali harshen slasher mai ban sha'awa Xaaskayga Araweelo, da mataki comedy Rajo, kuma Warmooge, na farko Somali rai film. Matasa daraktoci Abdisalam Aato na Olol Films da Abdi Malik Isak sune kan gaba a wannan juyi na shiru. A cikin 2010, daraktan Somaliya Mo Ali shi ma ya saki Shank, fim ɗin sa na farko da aka shirya a cikin London mai zuwa.
Daraktoci
• Fuad Abdulaziz
• Hadj Mohamed Giumale
• Hassan Mohamed Osman
• Hussein Mabrouk
• Ibrahim Awad
• Ibrahim "Cunshur (Unshur)"
• Idil Ibrahim
• Jani Dhere
• Mo Ali
• Mohamed Fiqi
• Mohammed Goma Ali
• Mohiedin Khalief Abdi
• Nabiil Hassan Nur
• Omar Abdalla
• Liban Barre
• Saalim Bade
• Said Salah Ahmed
Jarumai
• Abdi Haybe
• Abdi Muridi Dhere (Ajakis)
• Abdisalan Jimi
• Abdulkadir Mohamed Alasow
• Ciise Jawaan
• Abdulqadir Nurani
• Ali Hiran
• Awkuku
• Fathiya Saleban
• Hakima Aalin
• Iikar Jesto
• Ilka'ase
• Iman
• Jad Abdullahi
• Jeyte
• Mahamed Isman Inna
• Maki Haji Banadir
• Marshale
• Odey Abdulle
• Owdaango
• Owkoombe
• Sanqoole
• Soran Abdi Sugule
• Sharif Jeeg
• Uma Jama
Mohd Zolkafly Haruna
Mohd Zolkafly bin Harun ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Perak (EXCO) a cikin gwamnatocin jihar Perikatan Nasional (PN) da Barisan Nasional (BN) a ƙarƙashin Menteris Besar Ahmad Faizal Azumu da Saarani Mohamad tun daga watan Mayu 2020 kuma memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Peraki (EXCO). Shi memba ne na United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), wani bangare na jam'iyyar BN.
Al'ummar Ijigban
Labarai game da asalin Ijigban, kamar asalin labarai na 'yan Najeriya da yawa, gami da mutanen Idoma gabaɗaya, suna da matsala sosai. Kalmar "asali" a cikin mahimmancin ma'anar ilimin ɗan adam tana nuni ne ga samuwar wani nau'in dabbobi ko na dabbobi, kamar yadda ya bambanta da wani nau'in ". Labarai na asali a cikin yanayin Ijigban anan sune labarai ne da mutane suke amfani da shi don bayyana inda kakanninsu suka fito, da kuma yadda suka iso wurin da suke zaune yanzu. Kodayake al'adun asali sau da yawa lokaci kan ba da amsar Hamitic. Batun mutanen Ijigban na kudancin Ado abu ne na musamman, wanda aka bayar da shaida a ƙarƙashin wadatar kafofin. Ta wannan hanyar, zamu ɗauki cikakkiyar hanya don bincika nau'uka daban-daban na al'adun Ijigban na asali.
Ijigban na ainahi
Asusun asalin tarihin wannan mutanen suna da rikitarwa da sabani. Wasu majiyoyin farko, gami da tushen mulkin mallaka, basu isa ba. Misali, a kokarin gano asalin mutanen nan, AG Armstrong ya tabbatar da cewa mutanen Ijigban, Ekele da Ulayi sun bi al'adunsu na asali ne daga Ngor da ke lardin Ogoja kuma suna da kusanci sosai. Don haka, ya nakalto Simey "cewa Igumale, Ulayi, Agila da Ijigban suna da kusanci sosai, kuma duk sun shigo yankin kusan lokaci guda kuma akwai iyakoki tabbatattu tsakanin waɗannan dangin dangane da haƙƙin farauta". Bayanin da ya yi wa mutanen da sunan da ake kira da "Ijigbam-Ishieke" ba wai kawai sabani ba ne amma kuma ya haifar da mummunan rashi domin, yayin da mutanen Ijigban ɓangare ɗaya ne na Idoma na asali, wannan ba zai iya zama gaskiya game da mutanen Ishieke ba da Abakaliki. To yaya akayi "Ijigbam-Ishieke"? Ta wani fannin kuma, Agila da Ijigban (gami da Igumale, Ulayi da Utonkon dukansu) basu zo wannan mazaunin ba a daidai lokacin da Simey ke da'awa kuma AG Armstrong ya goyi bayansa. Dalilin kuwa shine yayin da Agila ya gano asalin gargajiya zuwa "asalin yamma" c. 165-1775, Ijigban tare da Igumale ya danganta nasu ga "asalin Gabas" c. 1535-1745. Misali, a cewar EO Erim, "Gundumar Agila ta zamani a Idomaland ta tuna cewa kakansu Ago, wanda ya ƙaura daga yankunan kudu na Idah c. 1625 - 1655, na Bini hakar. Shi ɗa ne ga wani Oba na Benin wanda ba a ambata sunan sa ba ". Batun da muke kokarin nunawa a nan shi ne, yayin da Ijigban, Igumale ke ikirarin Apa a matsayin yankinsu na asali, amma mutanen Agila na iya yin watsi da hakan. A wannan lokacin, za a iya cewa asusun RG Armstrong ba shi da cikakken tarihin tarihi.
RG Armstrong saboda wani dalili ya kasa fahimtar cewa Ijigban wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya maza bakwai wadanda suka haɗu da dangi bakwai na gundumar Ijigban a yau Ogene ne ya haife shi, kuma Ogene ɗan babban Edor ne wanda ya binciki asalin mahaifinsa zuwa Apa 1 wanda a yanzu yake mallakar Tiv. A gefe guda kuma, Ishieke (kamar yadda aka gani a baya) ƙabila ce ta Izzi - Igbo wacce ga dukkan shaidar tarihi ba ta da alaƙa da al'adun Idoma na asali. Idan mutanen Ijigban sun banbanta da kabilar Izzi (Ishieke) Igbo, to a ina ne asalin "Ijigbam-Ishieke"? Daga wannan shaidar da ke sama (ko ake kira ta almara), mai yiwuwa ne sunan majalisa 'Ijigbam-Ishieke' ya zo ne sakamakon 'sulhunta' mulkin mallaka na yankin, kamar dai yadda matafiya na farko da hafsoshin mulkin mallaka suka ambaci Idoma duka kamar "Akpoto". Koyaya, yin watsi da wannan son zuciya, aikinsa (RG Armstrong) har yanzu shine tushen tushen bayanai mai mahimmanci.
Koyaya, a cewar wani mai ba da labarin, Cif Oriri Otseje (Hakimin Gundumar kuma Mai Kula da Tarihin Ijigban), A sakamakon yakin karshe da aka yi a Apa 1, (Abin da Ochefu ke kira yakin doki), an kori jarumai kamar Ago, Ale da Edor, da kuma cewa waɗannan shugabannin a kan haƙƙin farauta, sun kafa matsugunansu daban-daban.
Wani mai ba da labarin ya ce za a iya gano al'adun asalin Ijigban zuwa Apa. Kodayake, ba wani takamaiman lokacin tarihi da aka bayar amma sun yi ƙaura daga Apa kuma sun zauna a wurare daban-daban ciki har da Izzekatton (ko Izzekato) kusa da Iyala a Cross-River tsawon shekaru. Matsaloli sun ɓullo a Izzekatton sakamakon hare-hare da yawa na Izze. A ƙarshe ya kammala kamar haka; Mun haɗu da Izze sun iso bayan kakanninmu. Ba da daɗewa ba, Izze ta fara yi mana barazana (kakanninmu) ta lalata amfanin gona da dabbobin gida. Rashin hankali ya kasance na wasu shekaru. Izze ta kashe mutanenmu da yawa. Lokacin da Izze ta rinjayi kakana, na biyun ya gudu zuwa wani ƙauye mai suna Iyede. Ya lura Iyede ya kasance Nyimegu ta yau inda Izzegodo ke rayuwa a yau a arewa maso gabashin yankin Abakaliki. Sakamakon abubuwa na turawa da ja, musamman rashin ruwa da kuma ci gaba da hargitsi na Ezza, Ijigban a cikin farautar farauta sun sami rafi inda daga baya suka yi kaura zuwa, saboda wadatar ruwa. Ya kira wannan sulhu da Ole-Efuu (asalin gida). A Ole-Efuu, wani Bature wanda ba a bayyana sunansa ba, ya bukaci Agbo wanda a lokacin shi ne sarkinsu ya tsallake rafin kuma ya zauna a Gundumar Ijigban ta yanzu inda talakawansa suka bi shi da gaske.
Erim O. Erim kuma ya yarda da waɗannan gaskiyar lokacin da ya bayyana hakan a cikin lokacin c. 1685-1805, an mamaye mamaye daban-daban akan Apa 1. Ya kuma yarda da cewa; 'yan kabilar Tiv wadanda a koda yaushe ba su iya biyan bukatar su ta filaye da abinci. A bayyane yake cewa mamayar Tiv ce ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyin Idoma da yawa barin garinsu na Apa 1 suka yi ƙaura zuwa kudu. A kudanci, akwai kalubalen 'yan gudun hijira sakamakon "tsananin yunwa" a Igumale na yanzu. Kodayake Ale a lokacin wannan yunwar ta riga ta kafa gonar masara mai yawa (igu) kuma ba da daɗewa ba, masarar ta ƙare don haka tilastawa sauran 'yan gudun hijirar ƙaura zuwa kudu neman neman kariya da aminci. Har ila yau, sun yarda da bayanin dattijo Onoja Agbo na baka, "cewa Ijigban sun yi kaura daga Izzekatto da Iyede saboda matsalolin da ba su da iyaka", Erim ya kafa cewa; tsakanin C. 1685-1805 na zangon karshe na asalin gabas, dangi biyar suka zo arewa suna kaura daga tashin hankali a yankin Abakaliki ... yaƙin ƙasa tsakanin mazauna ƙasar daban-daban.
Lura cewa asalin wannan asusun kwatancen shine ya isa ga tabbataccen shaidar tarihi. Daga bayanin da ke sama kuma, ana iya ganin al'adun asali da hijirar wannan mutane (Ijigban) a matsayin aiki a hankali ba kamar na farkon Armstrong ba cewa "mutanen Ijigban, Ekele da Ulayi sun fito ne daga Ngor a lardin Ogoga kuma suna da kusanci sosai. ". Tabbas, bisa ga kyakkyawar hulɗar zamantakewar siyasa da tattalin arziki tsakanin Ijigban da mutanen Ishieke a zamanin mulkin mallaka kafin zuwan mulkin mallaka da sun inganta ƙungiya kamar "Ijigbam-Ishieke". Ara cikin abin da ke gudana, Ochefu ya lura cewa Ijigban (amma ya rubuta Ijigbam a cikin aikinsa), Agila, sun yarda da "Apa" a matsayin asalin mahaifinsu daga inda suka yi ƙaura zuwa inda suke. Daga kowane nuni, zuwa tsakiyar karni na goma sha takwas, wadannan proto-Idoma (wanda aka hada da Ijigban) kungiyoyi, wadanda suka yi ikirarin "asalin gabas" abubuwa daban-daban sun tura su zuwa na biyu kuma daga na biyu zuwa mahaifarsu ta uku, na abin da za a iya ɗauka azaman sulhu na zamani. Kuma kafin 1800, tuni an riga an daidaita Yankin kudu (wanda Ijigban yake) na Idomaland na zamani. A lokacin tashin, Ijigbam a tsakanin sauran dangin Idoma shida, ya dauki totem din (Black) a matsayin wani bangare na alakar dangi a Apa1. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, babban dalilin wannan kaura shine mamayar Tiv wadanda suke kan hada dukkan Apa 1 cikin mahaifarsu. Ba zato ba tsammani, fadada ƙungiyar Keana Confederacy da matsaloli a Abakaliki zuwa kudu ya ƙara matsin lamba akan Idoma, ya haifar da su matsawa.
Eden Taylor-Draper
Eden Taylor-Draper (an haifeta ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba, 1997) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce. Ta nuna Belle Dingle a cikin soap opera na ITV Emmerdale, bajintar da ta karɓe daga Emily Mather a shekarar 2005.
Al'ummar Ijigban
Tsarin matsuguni da ci gaban gundumar Ijigban
Mazauna yanki babban bangare ne na amfani da yankunan karkara kuma an kirkireshi a sararin samaniya da nufin rayuwa gami da ginshiki ga ayyukan tattalin arziki da siyasa na mutum da ke da niyyar bunkasa da ci gaba. Ta wannan, muna nufin cewa ƙauyuka sune farkon matakan mutum zuwa ga daidaitawa da kai ga abin da yake so 33. Tsarin sulhu na mutane ya ƙunshi abubuwan da suka shafi jiki da zamantakewar ƙasa ko al'adu. Wadannan abubuwa guda biyu suna tabbatar da daidaituwar yanayin mu'amala tsakanin mutane da wajen gundumar.
Eden Taylor-Draper
Sana'a
A cikin 2005, tana ƴar shekara takwas, Taylor-Draper an saka ta a cikin shirin Belle Dingle a wasan soap opera na ITV Emmerdale, wanda ta karɓi iko daga mai zane na baya, Emily Mather. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun labarun Taylor-Draper a Emmerdale shine lokacin da Belle ya fadi a cikin ma'adinai a ranar Kirsimeti 2005. Tare da Luke Tittensor, ta lashe lambar yabo mai ban mamaki ta shekara a 2006 British Soap Awards don wannan labarin. A 2007, tana da shekaru tara, ta fito a cikin gajeren fim din The Cardiac Oak. A cikin 2013, ta sami lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Matasa a Kyautar; Soaps Awards, Burtaniya.
Rayuwa ta sirri
A ranar 11 ga watan Satumba 2016, tare da abokin aikinta na Emmerdale Matthew Wolfenden, Taylor-Draper ta shiga cikin Great North Run don tara kuɗi don Bloodwise. Tun 2016, ta kasance cikin dangantaka da Ed Lewis.
Al'ummar Ijigban
Tsarin matsuguni da ci gaban gundumar Ijigban
Tsarin sasantawa da ci gaban Gundumar Ijigban ya dogara ne da danginsu (Ipo-opu). Amma na farko, menene gundumar Ijigban a yau ana iya gano ta zuwa lokacin zuwan mulkin mallaka da kuma zuwan Kyaftin John ADO (Babban Daraktan Sashin Gudanarwa) a Ofishin 'Yan Asalin Okpoga a ranar 23 ga Maris 1921. Sakamakon haka, sai aka koma Hukumar 'Yan Asalin Okpoga zuwa Otukpo a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1924, daga baya kuma aka kafa Hukumar' Yan Asalin Idoma inda aka amince da gundumomi ashirin da biyu (Gami da Ijigban) a Idomaland.
Koyaya, Ija thean Ijigban bakwai sun haɗu da dangi bakwai (Ipo-Opu) waɗanda matsugunan su suka rabu da juna bi da bi. Wadannan dangi bakwai sun kasance bisa ga babba; Iyalan Okpe wadanda suka zauna a arewa maso gabashin Ijigban kuma suna da iyaka da Ogogo (Arewa), Ai-Okpan (Gabas) da Onogwu da kuma wani yanki na Ehaje a tsakiya; Ipole na zaune ne a kofar shiga (watau kudu maso yamma) kuma suna da - iyaka da Adegemi da kuma wani bangare na Ogogo-Ole-Ogaba-Ede; Ehaje ya zauna a tsakiya har zuwa Kudu da Ogogo a Arewacin Adegemi yana tsakanin Ipole da Ogogo; Onogwu a kudu maso gabas bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan dangin (Ipo-Opu) sun ci gaba da haɓaka ƙauyukan bayan gari. Misali, Odumuke waje ne na Ipole, kamar yadda Anmeka yake don Ehaje, da sauransu.
A Ijigban, shimfidar gidajen (Ododa-Ole) ta nuna cewa yawancin gidaje suna fuskantar ciki zuwa farfajiyar daya ko fiye. Kowane mahaɗan na iya zama mambobi na dangi ko na wani mutum, matarsa da 'yan uwansa. Ɗaya daga cikin maza ko iorananan yara na iya tabbatar da independenceancinsu ta hanyar daidaita mahaɗan su.
Koyaya, ba a ba da suna ko lambobi a cikin Ijigban, kuma baƙi zuwa garin galibi suna dogara ne da cikakken bayanin wurin da gidaje suke. Bayan faɗin waɗannan duka gaba ɗaya, tsarin sasantawa yana da layi ɗaya a mafi yawan lokuta ba kamar Igumale da Agila ba, kuma suna haɗuwa da juna tare da kyakkyawar hanya a tsakiya. Har zuwa shekarun 1990, yawancin gidaje an yi musu rufin da aka yi laka da su da lalatacciyar gida. Kowace dangi tana da filin wasanta (Ofu) inda ake yin raye-raye, tarurrukan biki da tarurruka kuma hanyoyi suna bi daga wannan filin wasan (Ofu) zuwa mahaɗar mahaɗan da suka ƙunshi kwata, wato dangi. A kowane ɗayan waɗannan dangin, sunan rukuni galibi a zahiri "'ya'yan… (ai). Dangin (Ipoopu) a nan na nufin "waɗanda ke filin wasa ɗaya ko filin majalisa. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka haifar da ci gaban sannu a hankali na gundumar Ijigban akwai tattalin arziki. An tsara kasuwanni sau da yawa tsakanin ta kwanaki huɗu zuwa biyar inda ake rarraba kayan gida, daga rarar kuɗi da buƙatu. Ayyuka na aikin gona kamar haɗin gwiwa da noman haɗin gwiwa (Igbe-Opiatoha) tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu tasowa sun taimaka ci gaban. Kamar yadda Gordon Childe ya bayyana kuma ya shahara ta hanyar Erim; inirƙirar aikin noma kai tsaye ya kawo rarar abinci wanda ya bawa ƙungiyoyin mutane damar sakin kansu daga samar da abinci da mai da hankali ga wasu sana'oi. Wannan halin ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin ma'aikata ... daga wannan ƙwarewar sana'a ne ya haifar da haɗin siyasa.
Tare da yanayi mai kyau da wadatar abinci, an karfafa sasantawa, maza da mata an karfafa su zuwa ga ayyukan da suka shafi ci gaba. Auratayya tsakanin auratayya kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin ci gaba. Yanki saboda dalilai na sama sun zama masu rikitarwa, baya ga fitowar makarantu a yankin. Kafin yakin basasa, makarantu a matakin firamare galibi aji 4 da 6 sun sami nasara ta hanyar kokarin wasu yan asalin. Wani mai ba da labari ya bayyana cewa ;. . . Munyi amfani da kudinmu wajen siyan makarantu (Wato fam 3 kenan) da malamai ... muka zauna muka ciyar dasu. . . Ya ci gaba da cewa makarantar farko a gundumar ita ce shirin Cif Agbo, wanda ke Abizzen (Ipole na yanzu). Ya yarda da Cif (Oche) a matsayin mutum mai kwazo, wanda tun kafin zuwan mulkin mallaka ya tsallaka kan iyaka. Ya kuma kasance mai karbar haraji a lokacin mulkin mallaka kuma ya kasance mamba a majalisar Sarakunan Idoma (1929-1933 inda aka san shi da Agboonma) mai wakiltar gundumar Ijigban. Sauran wadanda suka kirkiro makarantu a wannan yankin sune Eji Oduma (na Makarantar Odumuke), Oriri Otseje (na Makarantar Anmeka) Makarantar Katolika ta baya kamar yadda shima Basel Otseje ya kafa a Anmeka bayan zuwan sa daga shahararren yakin Burma (shine yakin duniya na biyu. 1939-1945) kodayake ya rushe saboda makarantar Oriri da ke kan gaba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duk fasalin farko na tsare-tsaren ci gaba da nasarori an lalata su yayin yaƙin basasar Najeriya (1967-1970).
Cigaban gundumar Ijigban wanda za a bayyana shi a matsayin kashi na biyu, ya hau kan mai yiwuwa shekaru biyu bayan yakin basasa. Lokacin yayi daidai da nadin Cif Oriri Otseje a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1972. Koyaya, tun daga shekarun 1970s, ci gaba a hankali ya kasance mai ban mamaki ciki har da makarantun firamare guda biyu, rami-rami na ƙarfi daban-daban gami da samar da wutar lantarki. Oƙarin gina makarantar sakandare tun daga shekarun 1980 bai ci nasara ba, ban da na kwanan nan hukumar ilimin firamare ta "Universal Basic Education" (UBE) shirin wanda za a iya samunsa a matakan amfrayo a wannan lokacin.
A ƙarshe, zuwan sadarwar zamani da faɗaɗa tattalin arziƙin ƙasa ya yi daidai da kudadinta da gabatar da sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani kamar tituna da hanyoyin sadarwar, wanda ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa da ci gaban gundumar Ijigban. Tsarin sasantawa ba wai kawai wanda ke tabbatar da kusancin wurin aiki ba amma daga baya ya rage yawan kuzarin da ake kashewa wajen cin nasara tun lokacin da al'umma ke tafiya da farko da kafa zuwa gona da kasuwa kamar yadda lamarin yake.
Daga abin da ya gabata, babin ya yi nazarin wurin da Ijigban yake sannan kuma an lissafa shi da yanayin yanayin kasa. Ya gano asalin mutane ta hanyar asusun daban-daban. Ya nemi gyara majalisan "Ijigbam-Ishieke" daga baƙi (musamman Simey da RG Armstrong). Duk yadda lamarin ya kasance, tsarin daidaitawa da yadda ya haifar da ci gaban gundumar sannu a hankali an kuma lura da su. Ya tabbata cewa ci gaban gundumar ya zo ne a matakai biyu: Kafin da bayan yakin basasar Najeriya (1967-1970).
Harshe
A cikin tantancewa da kuma tabbatar da faɗakarwar bambancin yare na wani yanki a cikin kowane binciken da aka yi na zamantakewar al'umma, ana fuskantar mutum sau da yawa ta hanyar dabarun ganowa daidai, keɓewa, rarrabuwa da ƙididdigar harsuna daban-daban, yaruka da kuma masu rike da ruwa da abin ya shafa. Wannan matsalar tana tattare da rashin bayyananniyar banbanci tsakanin akidun 'yare' da 'ƙabilanci'. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masana ilimin harsuna suna ƙara yin tunani tare da matsayin PK Bleambo cewa harshe da ƙabilanci ba su dace da juna ba ko kuma suna lalata 46. Wannan yana nuna a zahiri cewa wasu ƙabilun da yan asalin su ya kamata a dauke su a matsayin dunƙulelen yarukan yare na wasu manyan kungiyoyin kabilu da al'adu. Batun Ijigban a bayyane ya isa a wannan batun.
Karatuttukan ilimin tarihi da kamanta harsuna sun tabbatar da cewa Ijigban ga dukkan alamu yare ne ba na kiran kabilanci ba. Ijigban galibi suna magana da yaren Abize - reshe ne na harshen Idoma.
Ƙabilun gargajiya na Ijigban
Ijigban ya ƙunshi dangin ƙabilu bakwai:
Kowane ɗayan yana bisa jagorancin gargajiyar dangi ko Ejira. Al’ummar Ijigban suna ƙarƙashin shugabancin Hakimin ne, wanda ake kira da oche ’ijigban, wanda galibi ana yi masa kallon mai kula da al’adun Ijigban.
Al'adu da al'adun Ijigban
Al’ummar ijigban suna gudanar da bukukuwan al'adu na shekara-shekara sau uku wato
Al'adar al'adar da ƙungiyar ijigban ta bambanta daga dangi zuwa dangi. Yayin da mutanen Ipole, Ehaje, Onogwu, Okpe, Adegimi, da Ai'okpan suke bautar unroko a matsayin gunkin kakanninsu, mutanen Ogongo sun yi wa Arikwu shirka.
Mutane da shugabannin siyasa
Hon Chief Aboh Edeh ya zama zaɓaɓɓen shugaban Ado LGC na farko daga asalin Ijigban. Fitattun mutane daga Ijigban sune Hon. Agbo Aboh wanda ya kammala karatun sa na farko kuma shugaban zartarwa na farko na Ado dan asalin Ijigban, marigayi Hon. Emmanuel Oketa, wanda ya taba kasancewa ƙungiyar siyasa mai ƙarfi da haɗa karfi, Engr Simon Oketa, Hon. Dr. Francis Ottah Agbo, mamba a majalisar wakilai ta tarayya, da Hon. Barr Alexander Oketa. Sauran sanannun mutanen sune Patrick Onumah, Sunday Orinya, Evang. Sunday Onah, Amos Odega, da Hon. A. P Oketa.
John Bredenkamp
John Arnold Bredenkamp (11 ga Agusta 1940 - 18 ga Yuni 2020) ɗan kasuwan Zimbabwe ne kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar rugby. Shi ne ya kafa kungiyar Casalee.
Ƙuruciya
An haife shi a Afirka ta Kudu, Bredenkamp ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Kudancin Rhodesia tun yana yaro. Ya kasance maraya ne a tsakiyar shekarunsa a ranar haihuwarsa, yayin da yake kan babur dinsa, ya dawo ya tarar mahaifinsa ya harbe mahaifiyarsa da ‘yar uwarsa sannan ya harbe kansa. 'Yar uwarsa ta tsira daga harbin. Ya yi karatu a Kudancin Rhodesia a Makarantar Prince Edward, Salisbury. Na zuriyar Dutch, Bredenkamp ya yi rajista a matsayin ɗan ƙasar Rhodesian a shekarar 1958. An bayar da rahoton cewa ya yi asarar zama dan kasar Zimbabwe “ba bisa ka’ida ba” a shekarar 1984, amma an maido masa wannan jim kadan bayan haka.
An ruwaito Bredenkamp yana rike da fasfo na Zimbabwe, Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Dutch. Batun dan kasarsa dai wani lamari ne da ya samu sabani da wasu jami'an kasar Zimbabwe a karshen shekara ta 2006.
A matsayinsa na ɗan kungiyar Rugby Union na kasa da kasa, ya jagoranci Rhodesia daga shekarun 1965 zuwa 1968.
Farkon aiki
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Bredenkamp ya shiga Gallaher Limited, kamfanin tobacco sigari na duniya a Zimbabwe (sai Rhodesia), a matsayin mai siyan ganye. A shekara ta 1968 an canza shi zuwa Niemeyer a Netherlands, inda ya kai matsayin darektan ganye.
Bayan barin Gallaher a shekarar 1976, Bredenkamp ya kafa Kamfanin Casalee Group na kamfanoni masu rijista a Antwerp, Belgium. An yi imanin cewa, aikin na Casalee na da hannu wajen sayar da tabar Rhodesian a kasuwannin duniya, ta hanyar kaucewa takunkumin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Casalee da farko kamfani ne na siyar da sigari amma kuma ya tsunduma cikin ciniki gabaɗaya kuma ƙwararren mai ƙaddamar da ciniki da ciniki. Rukunin Casalee ya girma sama da shekaru 16 ya zama dillalan sigari na biyar a duniya kuma babban kamfanin taba sigari ba na Amurka ba. Ƙungiyar ta ɗauki ma'aikata 2,500 kuma tana da ofisoshi a duk manyan ƙasashe masu girma da sigari a duniya ciki har da Amurka (Winston-Salem), Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Girka, Indiya, Indonesia, Italiya, Portugal, Rasha, Spain, Thailand, Turkiyya da Yugoslavia. Kamfanin ya mallaki masana'antar sarrafa taba a cikin Netherlands, Zimbabwe, Malawi da Brazil.
Rawar da ya taka a Zimbabwe
Aikin Bredenkamp ya tashi sosai a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 lokacin da ya tsunduma cikin harkokin kasuwanci na gwamnatin UDI da aka sanyawa takunkumi a Rhodesia. An yi iƙirarin cewa ya gudanar da harkokin kuɗaɗen sojojin ƙasar Rhodesi yadda ya kamata a lokacin yaƙin Bush na baya. A wannan matsayi, ya ba da siya da siyar da kayayyakin Rhodesian zuwa ketare (mafi yawan taba) kuma ya yi amfani da kuɗin da aka samu wajen sayan makamai da kayan aikin soja. Yarjejeniyar sa ta "takunkumin karya takunkumi" (sau da yawa ya shafi hadaddun hada-hadar kasuwanci) ya dore wa tsarin mulkin UDI na tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda zai yiwu. Waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin sun kasance gaba ɗaya na doka ƙarƙashin dokar Rhodesian.
Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1980, Bredenkamp ya bar Zimbabwe ya koma Belgium. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da shiga cikin kasuwancin kayayyaki da siyan kayan tsaro. Ya sanya kansa mai amfani a wasu wurare. A shekara ta 1984 ya yi sulhu da sarakunan sabuwar Zimbabwe kuma ya sami damar komawa gida. Zimbabwe ta samar da tushe mai karimci don mu'amalar Bredenkamp da abokan ciniki a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Waɗannan mu'amala sun sa Bredenkamp da abokansa mazaje masu arziki sosai. Har ila yau, sun taimaka wajen dorewar tattalin arzikin Zimbabwe a lokacin da ake fama da tashe-tashen hankula.
Bredenkamp ya samu gagarumin tasiri a harkokin siyasa da tattalin arziki na Zimbabwe. An san cewa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'amuran da suka shafi tsoma bakin Zimbabwe a cikin DRC tsakanin shekarun 1998 zuwa 2003. Wannan shiga tsakani ya kunshi amfani da sojojin kasar Zimbabwe da sojojin sama wajen marawa gwamnatin Kabila baya a yakin da take yi da 'yan tawaye da ke samun goyon bayan Uganda da Rwanda. Da alama an sami ɗan alaƙa tsakanin shiga tsakani da kuma rangwamen ma'adinai na karimci da DRC ta baiwa jiga-jigan 'yan siyasa da 'yan kasuwa na Zimbabwe. Lokacin da Zimbabwe ta fuskanci takunkumin EU daga 1999 zuwa gaba, gwamnatin Mugabe ta sami damar yin kira ga takunkumin da ya lalata kwarewar UDI don ci gaba da samar da sojojinta.
Bredenkamp ya zama wani abu mai karfi a bayan fage a cikin jam'iyyar ZANU-PF mai mulki. An yi iƙirarin cewa ya nemi sauƙaƙa wa shugaba Mugabe murabus da wuri a shekara ta 2004 da kuma maye gurbinsa da Emmerson Mnangagwa, tsohon ministan tsaro kuma kakakin majalisar dokoki. Hakan dai bai ji dadin bangarorin da ke gaba da juna a jam’iyyar ZANU-PF ba, kuma an fara gudanar da bincike na gwamnati kan al’amuran da suka shafi kamfanin kasuwanci na Bredenkamp na Breco, dangane da kaucewa biyan haraji da kuma keta dokar musaya. Batutuwan da ake gudanar da bincike sun hada da hada-hadar kasuwanci tsakanin Breco da ke Zimbabwe da kuma kamfanonin ketare da Bredenkamp ke sarrafawa.
An alakanta Bredenkamp da ikirari na saukaka murabus din Mugabe a shekara ta 2000, ta hanyar binciken da jaridar Guardian ta yi kan bayanan sirrin ofishin jakadancin Amurka da aka bankado.
Amir na Muminai
Amir al-Mu'minin laƙabi ne na Larabci wanda galibi ana fassara shi " Kwamandan Mai Aminci " ko" Jagora na masu aminci ". 'Yan Shi'a sun yi imani da cewa taken wajan na Ali bn Abi Talib ne, kamar yadda ya saba da wasu, yayin da Sunnis suka yi imanin cewa ana iya amfani da taken ga wasu, gami da wasu khalifofi da malamai.
John Bredenkamp
Rawar da ya taka a Zimbabwe
A watan Satumban 2006 an gurfanar da Bredenkamp a Zimbabwe bisa zarginsa da yin amfani da fasfo na Afirka ta Kudu wajen tafiye-tafiyen kasa da kasa. Dokar zama dan kasa ta Zimbabwe ba ta bada izinin zama dan kasa biyu ba. Ko da yake an wanke shi, sai da ya yi fada da wata kotu ta biyu don samun umarnin mayar da fasfo dinsa na Zimbabwe da magatakardar kotun ya rike. An umarce shi da ya gabatar da shaidun da ke nuna cewa ya yi watsi da zama ɗan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu don a maido da ƙasarsa ta dindindin. Amma an mayar da fasfo dinsa.
Amir na Muminai
Amfani da taken ba dole ba ne ya nuna da'awar Khalifanci kamar yadda aka saba ɗauka ya zama, amma ya bayyana wani nau'in jagoranci na gwagwarmaya wanda wataƙila an haɗa shi da kalifa amma kuma yana iya nuna alamar iko ƙarƙashin hakan. Musamman Ottoman sultans, sunyi ƙarancin amfani da shi. Haka kuma, mazan sun yi amfani da kalmar ba wanda bai ce su kalifa ba ne.
John Bredenkamp
Rawar da ya taka a Zimbabwe
A cikin watan Afrilu 2016, The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa Bredenkamp yana da "kimanin arziƙin £ 700m daga cinikin taba, cinikin makamai masu launin toka, tallan wasanni da hakar lu'u-lu'u."
Amir na Muminai
Lokaci
Amir al-Mu'minin an goge shi kamar Miramolinus, daga nan Miramolino na Italiyanci, Miramolin na Harshen Sipaniyanci da Miramolin na Fotigal, a cikin Girkanci Byzantine: ἀμερμουμνῆς amermoumnês.
John Bredenkamp
Rawar da ya taka a Zimbabwe
Daga shekara ta 2008 har zuwa mutuwarsa, Bredenkamp ya kasance cikin takunkumin da Amurka ta kakabawa mutanen da ke da matukar tasiri a gwamnatin Zimbabwe.
Amir na Muminai
Lokaci
Hakanan ana fassara shi da "Yariman mai imani" tunda "Amir" ko "Emir" kuma ana amfani dashi azaman matsayin sarauta a cikin jihohin masarauta da sarakunan sarauta
John Bredenkamp
Mutuwa
A cewar rahotannin labarai, Bredenkamp ya mutu a ranar 18 ga watan Yuni 2020 saboda gazawar koda.
Amir na Muminai
Ra'ayin Shia
'Yan Shi'a suna ganin Ali, surukin Annabi Muhammad kuma magadan zuriyarsa daya cigaba, an bashi lakabi a zamanin Muhammadu.
Mutanen Egba
Mutanen Egba rukuni ne na Yarabawa, ƙabilun yammacin Najeriya, mafi yawansu sun fito ne daga yankin tsakiyar jihar Ogun wato yankin Ogun ta tsakiya.
Amir na Muminai
Ra'ayin Shia
'Yan Shi'a sun yi imani cewa taken yana kaxaita ne ga Ali. Kansancewa ana kiransa kwamandan amintaccen ba ya shiga cikin ikon siyasa kawai, amma na ruhaniya da ikon addini kuma.
Mutanen Egba
Yankin Sanatan Ogun ta Tsakiya ya ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi shida a cikin jihar Ogun: Abeokuta ta Arewa, Abeokuta ta Kudu, Ewekoro, Ifo, Obafemi Owode da Odeda.
Amir na Muminai
Ra'ayin "Yan Sunni
'Yan Sunni gabadaya suna daukar Umar mutum na farko da ya ba da taken, duk da kuma cewa bisa ga sanannun Malaman Sunni irin su Dan al-Jawzi, Al-Dhahabi, Dan 'Asakir, da dai sauransu. Annabi (Muhammad) ya kira Ali a matsayin Amir al-Muminin.
Bir II dan Kanem
Kashim Biri shine mai ko Sarkin Kanem a lokacin tsakiyar karni na sha uku. A zamanin mulkinsa an kafa makarantar koyar da shari'a ta Malikiyya sannan ya gina Madrashah wato (makaranta) a cikin Daular.
Mutanen Egba
Tarihi
Eungiyar Egba, wacce asalinta ke ƙarƙashin Masarautar Oyo, ta sami ƴanci biyo bayan faɗuwar Oyo mai ban mamaki a farkon rabin karni na 19. Yaƙe-yaƙe tare da Dahomey, wanda Egbawa suka yi nasara wani ɓangare saboda kariyar da dutsen Olumo ya bayar, ya kai ga kafa garin Abeokuta, wanda a zahiri yana nufin "ƙarƙashin dutsen".
Amir na Muminai
Ra'ayin "Yan Sunni
Amma game da ra'ayi na farko, a cewar babban malamin Islama as-Suyuti (1445–1505): Umar dan Abd al-Aziz ya tambayi Abu Bakr dan Sulayman dan Hathamah dalilin da yasa aka rubuta shi, "Daga khalifa manzon Allah, Allah ya yi masa salati ya ba shi lafiya." a lokacin Abubakar. Sannan daga baya Umar ya kasance yana rubutuda da farko,"Daga khalifa Abubakar."? Wanene farkon wanda ya rubuta, "Daga Amir al-Muminin (Kwamandan Muminai)"?
Mutanen Egba
Tarihi
Yana da kyau a sani cewa asalin garin da aka kafa kasar ta Egba a Egbaland tana ƙarƙashin da kewayen Olumo Rock, wanda yake a yankin Ikija / Ikereku na Egba Oke Ona, Jagunna na Itoko, wani basaraken Oke Ona, shine babban firist na Olumo. Dutsen Olumo yana cikin yankin kuma yana ƙarƙashin ikon Itokos.
Amir na Muminai
Ra'ayin "Yan Sunni
Ya ce, "Ash-Shifa, wanda yana daya daga cikin matan Muhajirun, ya gaya mani cewa, Abu Bakr ya na yin rubutu," Daga khalifa manzon Allah", kuma Umar ya kasance yana rubutawa," Daga khalifa na Khalifah manzon Allah, "har wata rana Umar ya rubuta wa gwamnan Iraq, ya aiko masa da wasu mutum biyu masu karfi wadanda zai iya tambaya game da Iraki da mazaunanta.
Ya aiko masa da Labid dan Rabi'ah da Adi dan Hatim, kuma sun je Madinah sun shiga masallacin inda suka iske Amr dan al-'As.
Mutanen Egba
Tarihi
Egbaland ita ce wurin da Henry Townsend yake zaune, kuma shi ne gidan jaridar farko a Najeriya ( Iwe Iroyin ). Jama'arta sun ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin na farkon al'ummomin Nijeriya da yawa (har zuwa kwanan nan, ɗayansu kaɗai) da ke da waƙa.
Amir na Muminai
Ra'ayin "Yan Sunni
Suka ce, "KA ba mu izini (mu ziyarci) Amir al-Muminin. "Amr ya ce, "Ku biyu, da Allah, sun buga kan sunansa," Daga nan sai Amr ya shiga wurinsa ya ce, "Assalamu alaikum, Amir Al-Mu'minin." Ya ce, "Me ya same ku game da wannan suna? Dole ne ku fadi." Ya gaya masa ya ce, "Kai ne amir (kwamandan) kuma mu ne majibinci (muminai). "Haka aka ci gaba da rubuta haruffa tare da wannan daga ranar.
Mutanen Egba
Abinci
Lafun, (Farar Amala ) da miyar Ewedu ; badan Ofada, (Shinkafar Gida)
Amir na Muminai
Ra'ayin "Yan Sunni
An-Nawawi ya ce a cikin Tahdhib dinsa: Adi dan Hatim da Labid dan Rabi'ah sunanta shi ta wannan lokacin da suka zo matsayin wakoki daga "Iraki. An ce al-Mughirah dan Shu'aba ya ambace shi da wannan suna. An kuma ce "Umar ya ce wa mutane, "Ku masu imani ne kuma ni ne mazonku, 'saboda haka aka kira shi Amir al-Muminin, kuma kafin hakan an san shi da Khalifah na Khalifah na Manzon Allah, amma sun canza daga wannan magana saboda tsawon sa.
Mu'awiyyah dan Qurrah ya ce: An kasance ana rubuta shi "Daga Abu Bakr Khalifah Manzon Allah," sannan a lokacin da 'Umar dan Al-Khattab suka so su ce, 'Khalifah na Manzo Allah." 'Umar ya ce,' Wannan tsayi ne.' Suka ce, 'A'a. Mun sa ka zama shugabanmu a kanmu, kai kuwa ka zama shugabanmu,' Ya ce: "Na'am! Kuma kun kasance muminai, kuma Ni ne marinku." Sannan aka rubuta Amir al-Muminin.
Amfani da ba Musulma ba
Kitáb-i-Íqán,babban aikin tauhidi na addinin Baha'i Faith, ya shafi taken Kwamandan amintattu ga Ali, surukin annabin musulinci Muhammadu
Mai kama (amma ba iri daya ba) an bai wa mai mulkin Poland da Lithuanian Commonwealth sarauta a matsayin Babban Duke na Lithuania ta Likpa Tatars, wanda ya fara magana da yaren Turkic. Anyi amfani da taken sire "Vadad", kamar yadda a cikin "mahaifar" ("Vatan"), wanda ke nufin "mai kare hakkin musulmai a cikin kasashen da ba na Islama ba".Grand Duchy an dauke shi a matsayin sabon gari. Ana kallon Vatad a matsayin bambanci a kan sunan Vytautas a cikin Lithuania ko Wladyslaw a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland, wanda aka sani a cikin bayanan diplomasiyya tsakanin Golden Horde da kasashen Poland (Lechistan) da Lithuania (Likpa) a matsayin "Dawood". Wanda zai iya da'awar hakan, tunda Casimir Mai Girma, sarkin Poland-Lithuaniyan a matsayin Sarkin Poland yana da alhakin kare hakkin yahudawa da sauran wadanda ba Krista ba.
A cikin almara
A cikin littafin tarihin littafin Margaret Atwood na 1985, The Handmai's Tale, shuwagabannin jumhuriyar Republican asalin Gileyad, akidar soja, ana kiran su "Kwamandoji na Masu Gaskiya."
Dirang Moloi
Dirang Moloi (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba 1985) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Botswana, wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar Botswana Gaborone United a gasar Premier ta Botswana.
Sana'a
Moloi ya fara babban aikinsa na wasan kwallon kafa a shekara ta 2005 tare da kulob ɗin Notwane FC a Gaborone. Bayan shekara hudu da rabi ya bar Notwane kuma ya sanya hannu ga kulob ɗin Mochudi Centre Chiefs.
A cikin shekarar 2010 an ba da ɗan wasan tsakiya aro ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Vasco da Gama na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin watan Afrilu 2011 ya koma kulob dinsa na Mochudi Center Chiefs.
A cikin shekarar 2017, ya sanya hannu tare da Gaborone United a gasar Premier ta Botswana.
Ƙasashen Duniya
Moloi ya buga wasanni goma sha daya ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Botswana.
Tango McCauley
Tango Lee McCauley (an haife shi Oktoba 27, 1978) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na gridiron. Ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a jihar Alabama.
A cikin aikinsa, McCauley ya buga wa Saskatchewan Roughriders, British Columbia Lions, Dallas Cowboys, Carolina Panthers, Chicago Rush, Montreal Alouettes, New Orleans VooDoo, Austin Wranglers, da Cleveland Gladiators.
Aikin koleji
McCauley ya shafe yanayi uku yana wasa a Texas A&amp;M (1998 – 2000) kafin ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Alabama a 2001. Ya kasance mai farawa na shekaru biyu a matakin hagu don Texas A&M, yana samun preseason All- Big 12 girmamawa kafin lokacin 2000. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Division I-AA Duk-Amurka a Jihar Alabama a matsayin Matsala mai Muni a 2001.
Jane Egerton-Idehen
Jane Egerton-Idehen ita ce Babban Manajan na ƙasa a Najeriya kuma Daraktan Tallace tallace na Yankin Yammacin Afirka a Avanti Communications. A baya tana cikin membobin kwamitin zartarwa na kungiyar Ericsson a Ghana da Laberiya. Tana da digiri na injiniya daga Jami'ar Nijeriya, Nsukka, MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Warwick da makarantar gaba da sakandare daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard. An jera ta a matsayin daya daga cikin #50LeadingLadiesinCorporateNigeria a 2019. Tana daga cikin wanda suka hada gwiwar kafa kungiyar IEEE Women in Injiniya (WIE) a Nigeria, kungiyar kwararru ta kasa da kasa don inganta injiniyan mata da masana kimiyya, da kuma karfafa yara mata su biyewa bukatunsu na ilimi a cikin aikin injiniya.
Tango McCauley
Pre-daftarin aiki
An gayyaci McCauley, kuma ya halarci 2002 NFL Combine. An ba shi matsayi na 28 mafi kyawun tsaro a cikin 43, kuma an yi hasashen cewa ba za a zaɓe shi ba a cikin daftarin.
Jane Egerton-Idehen
Karatu
Egerton-Idehen ta kammala karatuttukanta tare da digiri a fannin injiniya a cikin Injiniyan lantarki daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka a shekara ta 2001. Ta je Makarantar Kasuwancin Warwick a 2007 kuma ta sami MBA a 2010. Tana da digiri a fannin ilimi a Makarantar Kasuwanci na Harvard.
Tango McCauley
Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kanada (2003 - 2005, 2007)
McCauley ya tafi kamar yadda aka tsara kuma ba a zaba shi a cikin 2002 NFL Draft ba kuma ya fita kwallon kafa a 2002. Sannan ya sanya hannu tare da Saskatchewan Roughriders na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Kanada. Sa'an nan, a 2004 ya buga wa British Columbia Lions, inda ya lashe Grey Cup. A wannan shekarar, ya halarci sansanin horo tare da Dallas Cowboys, da kuma Carolina Panthers, duk da haka ya kasa yin jerin gwanon karshe na ko wace kungiya. Ya koma Roughriders a 2005.
Adele
Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE ( /ə d ɛ l / ; an haife ta ne a ranar 5 ga watan mayun shekarar 1988). Baturiya ce kuma mawakiya kuma marubuciyar waka ce. Tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan kiɗa na duniya, tare da tallace-tallace sama da miliyan dari da ashirin (120).
Jane Egerton-Idehen
Aiki
Egerton-Idehen ta fara ayyukanta a matsayin Earth Station Injiniya a Kamfanin Spar Aerospace Limited a Legas, Najeriya dama bayan kammala karatun ta na jami'a. Ta ci gaba zuwa aiki a Ericsson, Najeriya a matsayin Manajan Samfurin a 2003 kuma ta zama Manajan Talla a shekarar 2005. Ta bar Ericsson a shekarar 2010 bayan ta rike mukamin Manajan Darakta daga 2008 zuwa 2010. Ta hau mukamin mataimakiyar Shugaban Kungiyar Kasuwanci, MTN Nigeria na kamfanin Nokia Siemens a shekarar 2010 har zuwa 2012 lokacin da ta koma Ericsson a matsayin Babban Manajan Asusun Kasuwanci. Daga 2013 zuwa 2017 ta kasance Babban Manajan Asusun Ericsson Ericsson Ghana &amp; Laberiya  kafin ta dawo Najeriya a matsayin Manajan Kasa na Najeriya da Manajan Kasuwancin Yankin Yammacin Afirka a Avanti Communications. before returning to Nigeria as Country Manager Nigeria and Regional Sales Manager West Africa at Avanti Communications.
Juliana Dogbadzi
Juliana Dogbadzi 'yar kasar Ghana ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam wacce ta karbi lambar yabo ta' yancin dan adam ta Reebok.