cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Fulani Makiyaya
Rikici da manoma
Tarihi Fulani makiyaya sun yi kiwo a cikin filayen da ke kewayen yankunan Sahel na Yammacin Afirka, wani bangare saboda yanayin muhalli da ke iyakance yawan filaye don dalilan noma, wanda ke haifar da gasa mai tsanani a fili tsakanin manoma da makiyaya. Koyaya, bayan yawan fari a yankuna masu bushewar Sahel, Fulani makiyaya a hankali sun koma kudu zuwa Guinea savanna da yankunan daji na wurare masu zafi, wanda hakan ya haifar da gasa kan hanyoyin kiwo tare da manoma. Manoma sun koma Arewa tare da karuwar yawan mutane.
Juba II
Juba II sarki ne na Numidia. Ya rayu daga 52 ko 50 BC zuwa AD 23.
Matarsa ita ce Cleopatra Selene II. Ta kasance ƴar Sarauniya Cleopatra VII ta Misira da Mark Antony.
Mutuwa
Ya mutu a Mauretania.
Fulani Makiyaya
Najeriya
Fulani makiyaya sun fara kaura zuwa Arewacin Najeriya daga yankin Senegambiya a wajajen karni na goma sha uku ko sha hudu. Bayan jihadin Uthman dan Fodio, Fulani sun shiga cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan haka, a lokacin rani lokacin da aka rage yawan tsuntsaye, Fulani makiyaya sun fara kora shanunsu zuwa yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya wanda kungiyoyin da ba Hausawa ba suka mamaye, suna komawa Arewa a farkon damina. Amma yayin kula da garken shanu da tuka shanu, kiwo a gonaki a wasu lokuta yakan faru, wanda ke haifar da lalata amfanin gona ya zama tushen rikici.
Aiwatar da dokar amfani da filaye a Nijeriya na shekarar 1978 ya baiwa gwamnatin jiha ko ta tarayya damar sanyawa da kuma bada filaye sannan kuma ta baiwa ‘yan asalin‘ yancin yin nema kuma a ba su takardar shedar zama don neman mallakar filayen kakanninsu. Wannan ya sanya Fulani makiyaya cikin mawuyacin hali saboda yawancin ba su nemi wuraren mallakar wuraren kiwo ba, kuma yawan jujjuya lamurra ya haifar da cin zarafin wasu. Gwamnatin Najeriya ta tsara wasu yankuna a matsayin hanyoyin kiwo amma wannan bai rage rikici ba. Daga 1996 zuwa 2006 kimanin mutane 121 suka rasa rayukansu a jihohin Bauchi da Gombe sakamakon rikici tsakanin makiyaya da manoma.
Dubban mutane ne aka kashe tun shekara ta 2016 a cikin rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyaya makiyaya.
Ghana
Kungiyoyin Fulani 'yan ci-rani da makiyaya galibi ana daukar su baƙi da baƙi saboda asalinsu na Senegambiya; sakamakon haka, haƙƙoƙinsu na amfani da yankunan da ƙabilun asalin ke kira filayen kakanni sun gamu da ajiyar wasu wurare.
Mali
A watan Maris na 2019, an kashe Fulani makiyaya 160 a kauyukan Ogossagou da Welingara a yankin Mopti. An yi zargin cewa masu laifin mafarauta ne 'yan kabilar Dogon.
Majiya
Category :Sahel Category :Ghana Category :mazaunin Fulani
Tarihin Annabawa da Sarakuna
Bugawa
Bugu daban-daban na Annals sun haɗa da:
Abun da ke ciki
Babbar manufar Tabari ita ce rubuta tarihi bisa ga ilimin riwaya. Wato ya kawo riwaya ba tare da tsoma baki ta kowace fuska ba.  [ Babu tushen tushen da ake buƙata ]
Daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikinsa ana iya samunsu:
Tabari a wasu lokuta yana zana a kan Romance na Syriac Julian.
Filin jirgin saman Blaise-Diagne
Filin jirgin saman Blaise-Diagne ko Filin jirgin saman Dakar, shi ne babban filin jirgin sama dake birnin Dakar, babban birnin ƙasar Senegal. An buɗe filin jirgin saman Blaise-Diagne a ran 7 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 2017 (tsohon filin jirgin saman Dakar "Filin jirgin saman Léopold-Sédar-Senghor" ne; yau filin jirgin saman soja ne).
Jan baki
Jan baki ko jan bai (Quelea quelea) tsuntsu ne.
Jan baki abun kwalliya ne da mata suka fi amfani dashi wajen canja kalar lebe da kuma yanayin sa, wanda aka kirkira daga kakin zuma da kuma mai. Mabanbantan (PIGMENTS=wani sinadari wanda ake samu a jikin mutane ko dabbobi ko a jikin tsirrai wanda kuma yake baiwa fatan jiki ko ganyen tsirrai takamammen launi)da sauran sinadarai kamar irin su siliki. Amfani da jan baki a zamanin da dana yanzu,amfani da jan baki yayi kaurin suna a yammancin dunia a karni na 16th.Wasu jan bakin sun kunshi burbushin kayan aiki mai guba.
Tara Downs
Tara Downs wata shahararri 'yar wasan Kanada ne wanda ke da haɗin gwiwan kuma ke gudanar da gallery na Downs & Ross a cikin Birnin New York. A baya ta kasance mai kafa kuma darekta na Gidan Gallery na Gobe a Toronto kuma daga baya ta koma New York City.
Sana'a
A cikin 2011, Downs ta kafa Gidan Gallery na Gobe tare da Aleksander Hardashnakov da Hugh Scott-Douglas a cikin shagon sayar da kayayyaki na Toronto wanda a baya ya sami ɗakin studio ɗin fenti. Daga 2011 zuwa 2013, gallery "ya zama sanannen a cibiyar masu fasaha masu tasowa daga Turai da Arewacin Amirka," in ji Nick Irwin na ArtNews, kuma ya ba da dama ga masu fasaha irin su Joshua Abelow, Sebastian Black, da Brad Troemel, da Dena Yago, Parker Ito, da Kelly Akashi.
A cikin 2014, Downs ta ƙaura Gidan Gallery na Gobe zuwa Birnin New York a matsayin mai mallakarkiyar kaɗaici, kuma ya ƙunshi masu fasaha irin su Bradley Kronz, Jason Matthew Lee, Mary Ann Aitken, Oto Gillen da Valerie Keane. alamar farko an yi masa taken "Madawwamiyar Satumba," wanda Downs ta bayyana wani lokaci ne da membobin Usenet suka kirkira don komawa ga abin da ya faru bayan Satumba 1993, lokacin da AOL ya ƙare aikin buɗe hanyar shiga Usenet kawai ko wace shekara a farkon shekarar ilimi a cikin Satumba., "fashewar al'ummar al'umma tare da kaddamar da yanayin da ba a ƙare ba, ci gaba da fadada Intanet." Har ila yau, ta koma Berlin a matsayin mataimakin darekta a Tanya Leighton Gallery, yayin da ta ci gaba da jagorantar Gidan Gallery na Gobe, kafin ta koma New York.
A cikin 2017, Downs ta hada Gidan Gallery na Gobe tare da Hester, na Alex Ross, don ƙirƙira Downs & Ross Gallery a cikin Birnin New York. Casey Lesser na Artsy ya bayyana hotunan a matsayin suna da "shirye-shiryen na gaba," yana rubuta cewa duka biyu "suna da nauyi a kan masu fasaha na duniya, suna da ido ga tarihi, kuma suna da nufin farfado da masu fasaha marasa wakilci." Masu zane-zane da Downs & Ross suka nuna sun hada da Brad Troemel, Sojourner Truth Parsons, Ben Schumacher, Vikky Aleksander,  Andrea Crespo, da Yanyan Huang, da Carlos Reyes, Louisa Gagliardi, Waring, Rute Merk, Egan Frantz,  da Ragna Bley.
Downs & Ross sun shiga cikin bajekolin fasaha iri-iri, gami da Frieze New York Online (2021), Baje kolin Independent Art (2020), NADA Miami Beach (2019), Frieze New York (2019), The Armory Show (2019),  2018, 2017), Art Los Angeles Contemporary (2019), Art Toronto (2018), da FIAC (2018, 2017).
Ilimi
Downs ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Queens tare da Bachelor of Arts kuma ta kammala Master of Fine Arts a Jami'ar OCAD a cikin sassaka da shigarwa.
Filin jirgin saman Ndjamena
Filin jirgin saman Ndjamena ko Filin jirgin saman Hassan Djamous, shi ne babban filin jirgin sama dake birnin Ndjamena, babban birnin Cadi.
Kabarai
Kabarai ko Kabare (da Latinanci Ploceus cucullatus) tsuntsu ne.
Sergio Busquets
Sergio Busquets (an haife shi a shekara ta 1988 a garin Sabadell, a ƙasar Ispaniya) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ispaniya. Ya buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Ispaniya daga shekara ta 2009.
Rukunnan sauti
Rukunnan sauti dai wani ɓangare ne daya ƙunshi wasu abubuwa da ke suke furtawa da suka haɗa da maƙogoro,zakaran wuya ta wannan ne rukunin iska wadda ta shafi hunhu take bi a lokacin da ake ƙoƙarin magana ko kuma numfashi.
Zainab Booth
Zainab booth tana da mahaifiya Bafulatana kuma mahaifinta dan asalin Scotland kuma mahaifiya ce ga ’yar fim Maryam Booth. Da Ramadan Booth
Zainab dai tsohuwar yar Hausa film ce wecce ke fitowa a rawar iyaye mata
Robert Geathers
Robert Lee Geathers, Jr. (an haife shi a watan Agusta 11, 1983)  tsohon dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka. Ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Georgia. Bengals ne suka zabe shi a zagaye na hudu na 2004 NFL Draft.
Aikin club
Geathers ya buga dukkan aikinsa na ƙwararru ga Bengals kuma ya zama mai farawa na yau da kullun na ƙarshen tsaro a cikin 2005, kakarsa ta biyu a cikin NFL. Tare da Bengals, Geathers an san shi da yin buhuna da dawo da abubuwan da aka gano. Geathers yana da membobin dangi da yawa waɗanda suka buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kwaleji ko matakin ƙwararru; Kawunsa Jumpy Geathers ya taka leda a cikin NFL daga 1984 zuwa 1996, kuma mahaifinsa Robert Geathers Sr. ya kasance zaɓaɓɓen daftarin 1981. Wani ɗan'uwa Clifton Geathers ya taka leda a cikin NFL tun 2010 kuma wani ɗan'uwa Kwame Geathers ya taka leda a San Diego Chargers.
Shekarun farko
Geathers ya taka leda a Carvers Bay High School kuma ya kammala karatunsa a 2001. A matsayinsa na babba, ya yi rikodin 100 tackles da buhu tara akan tsaro kuma ya buga kwata-kwata akan laifi. Wannan ya taimaka masa ya sami guraben karatu da yawa, kuma ya yanke shawarar zuwa Jami'ar Georgia.
Aikin koleji
A Jami'ar Jojiya, Geathers ya kware a karatun wasanni kuma ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Georgia Bulldogs a cikin 2001 a matsayin sabon ɗan wasa na gaske. A lokacin aikinsa na shekaru uku tare da Georgia, Geathers ya fara 16 na wasanni 39 kuma a cikin 2001 shine kawai sabon ɗan wasa na gaskiya don buga duk wasanni. Geathers ya yi tackles 81 tare da buhu biyar, tsayawa 10 don asara, matsananciyar kwata -kwata 22, tsallake-tsallake shida, farfaɗowa mai ruɗani, tursasawa tilastawa da shiga tsakani biyu. Bayyana don Tsarin NFL bayan ƙaramar shekararsa, Geathers an tsara shi a zagaye na huɗu (117th gaba ɗaya) na 2004 NFL Draft ta Cincinnati.
2004 Kamar
A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2004, Cincinnati Bengals sun yi amfani da zaɓen zagaye na biyu na ƙungiyar (117th gabaɗaya) don zaɓar Geathers. Geathers ya yi muhawara da Bengals a ranar 26 ga Satumba bayan ya yi wasa biyu na farko saboda rauni a idon sawun. A matsayinsa na rookie, Geathers da farko ya taka leda a ƙungiyoyi na musamman. Yana da wasan sana'a wanda ya haifar da nasara a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba akan Dallas Cowboys tare da buhu, tilastawa yin fumble, wucewa ta kare, da matsin lamba na QB wanda ya haifar da hukuncin kisa da gangan. Geathers ya fara farkon NFL a kan Nuwamba 14, 2004 a kan Washington Redskins. A Janairu 2, 2005 a kan Philadelphia Eagles, ya katse hanyar wucewa ta Jeff Blake kuma ya mayar da shi 36 yadudduka don aikinsa na farko na NFL; maki da karin maki ya sanya Bengals sama da 24-3. Geathers ya ƙare kakar 2004 tare da tackles 16, wucewa 4 da aka karkata, da tsangwama 1.
2006 kakar
Ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2007, Bengals sun tsawaita kwangilar Geathers da shekaru shida tare da matsakaicin darajar dala miliyan 33.7.
2007 kakar
Geathers shi ne babban kora daga Bengals tare da buhu 3.5 a cikin 2007 kuma yana da takal 47, wucewa 3 da aka karkata, tsangwama 1, da 1 tilasta yin fumble. A cikin watan Satumba na 10 na budewa a kan Baltimore Ravens, Geathers ya dawo da tsangwama don yadudduka 30, ya tilasta fumble, kuma ya yi buhu don 8 yadudduka. A cikin kakar wasa, Geathers ya fara duk wasanni na 16: 12 a matsayin ƙarshen tsaro na hagu da 4 a matsayin mai karfi na gefe.
2009 kakar
A cikin 2009, Geathers ya jagoranci Bengals a cikin tuntuɓar 36 kuma ya yi buhu 3.5, wucewa 3 da aka karkata, kuma 1 ya tilasta yin fumble. Ya fara wasanni na yau da kullun na 15 da wasan Wild Card. A ranar 27 ga Satumba, Geathers ya yi buhun taimako na Pittsburgh Steelers kwata-kwata Ben Roethlisberger a matsayi na uku a ƙarshen kwata na huɗu, wanda ya tilasta wa Steelers punt. Bengals sun yi wasan cin nasara bayan haka. A ranar Oktoba 3 a kan Cleveland Browns, Geathers ya dawo da yadudduka na 75 mai ban mamaki don taɓawa. Ranar 15 ga Nuwamba a kan Steelers, korar Geathers na Roethlisberger a kan farko da burin daga Bengals' 8 ya rike Steelers zuwa burin filin. Geathers ya sake dawowa a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba a kan Oakland Raiders kuma ya mayar da kwallon 38 yadi; Motar Bengals da ta biyo baya ya kai ga burin filin.
kakar 2010
A ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2010, farfadowar Geathers na Jonathan Stewart mai fumble kuma ya koma cikin Carolina Panthers 'layi na 37-yard ya kafa kullun wasan motsa jiki don Bengals. Geathers sun gama wasan 2010 da farawa a cikin duk wasanni 16, tare da tackles 33, buhu 1, wucewa 2 da aka karkatar da su, kuma 1 ya tilasta yin fumble.
kakar 2011
A cikin 2011, Geathers ya fara wasanni 13 cikin 14 da aka buga kuma ya yi takalmi 29, buhu 2.5, da wucewar wucewa 1.
kakar 2012
A cikin 2012, Geathers ya zama ɗan wasa mafi dadewa a cikin jerin sunayen Bengals. A wannan kakar, ya fara duk wasanni 16 kuma yana da 30 tackles.
2015 offseason
Bengals sun saki Geathers a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2015.
Iyali
Geathers ya fito daga layin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Shi ɗan Robert ne da Debra Geathers. Robert Sr. ya kasance babban mai tsaron gida a Kudancin Carolina kuma ya kasance zaɓi na zagaye na uku a cikin 1981 NFL Draft, amma rauni ya ƙare aikinsa. Kawunsa James "Jumpy" Geathers ya taka leda a Jami'ar Jihar Wichita sannan a cikin NFL, yana yin rikodin buhu 62 da Super Bowl biyu nasara a cikin aikin shekaru 13 (1984-96 tare da New Orleans, Washington ( Super Bowl XXVI ), Atlanta, da Denver ( Super Bowl XXXIII ).
Dan uwansa Clifton Geathers ya taka leda a Jami'ar South Carolina kuma Cleveland Browns ne ya tsara shi a zagaye na 6th na 2010 NFL Draft. Wani ɗan'uwansa Kwame Geathers tsohon hanci ne na San Diego Chargers. Dan uwansa Clayton Geathers ya buga baya don kare Indianapolis Colts. Wani dan uwansa, Carlton Geathers, cibiya ce a kungiyar kwando ta Jami'ar South Carolina.
Tahir Mehmood Ashrafi
Tahir Mehmood Ashrafi Malamin Musulmi ne wanda duniya ta sani kuma Shugaban Majalisar Malaman Pakistan duka a Kasar Pakistan.
Rayuwa
Ashrafi memba ne na Majalisar Koli ta Kungiyar Kasashen Musulmi, Makka. Yana aiki ne a matsayin Shugaba Wafaq ul Masajid Pakistan.
Ya kuma kasance tsohon mai ba Shugaban Pakistan shawara kan harkokin cikin gida da lamuran Duniyar Musulunci.
A ranar 22 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2020 Firayim Minista Imran Khan ya kuma nada shi a matsayin Wakili na Musamman kan Yarjejeniyar Addini da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Abbala
Abbala mutane ne da keda alaka Larabawa kabila ce kuma kungiya ce na yankin yashin sahara. An yiwa Abbala suna ne ta hanyar lura da abincin da suke amfani dashi wajen kiwon rakumi.
Amfani
Mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da kalmar "Abbala" don bambanta su da Baggara, rukuni na kabilu na larabawa waɗanda ke kiwon dabbobi. Dangane da Braukamp a shekarar (1993) wasu daga cikin mutanen Abbala sun sami canjin al'ada izuwa ga al'adar Baggara bayan an tura su daga yankin sahara zuwa cikin yashin sahara. Wannan ya haifar da canji a cikin kiwon su, daga dabbobin su na rakuma zuwa ga kiwon shanu, saboda shanu bai rayuwa a sahara mai yawa.
Remuneration
Lada shine albashi ko wani biyan diyya wanda aka bayar domin musanyan aiyukan ma'aikaci (kar a rude shi da bayarwa (kyauta), ko bayarwa, ko aikin bayarwa). Yawancin fa'idodi masu ƙari ban da biya suna da ƙarancin tsarin biyan albashi. albashin ne daya bangaren na lada management. A cikin Burtaniya kuma tana iya komawa zuwa rarrabaccen kasar na ribar da aka danganta ga membobi a cikin aungiyar Kawancen Iya Dogara (LLP).
Iri
Albashi zai iya haɗawa da:
Amurka
Don dalilan hana albashi a karkashin dokar harajin kudin shiga na Amurka, kalmar "albashi" na nufin albashi (tare da wasu kebantattu) don ayyukan da ma'aikaci ya yi wa mai aiki.
A karkashin koyarwar bawa mara imani, koyarwa a karkashin dokokin wasu jihohi a Amurka, kuma musamman dokar jihar New York, ma'aikacin da ya aikata rashin aminci ga mai aikinsa dole ne ya rasa duk wata lada da aka samu a lokacin rashin aminci.
Kuskuren
Kalmar "remuneration" wani lokaci ana kuskure rubuta shi "sake sakewa", wanda ke nufin kirgawa ko sake kirgawa.
Ƙirinjijiya
Ƙirinjijiya ko Kirinjiya (Dendrocygna viduata) tsuntsu ne.
Folashade Omoniyi
Folashade Omoniyi, wanda aka fi sani da Shade Omoniyi (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1968), ’yar kasuwa ce kuma Shugabar Hukumar Kula da Harajin Cikin Gida ta Jihar Kwara. Ta taɓa zama Manajar Darakta / Shugaba na FBN Mortgages Limited, rassa ce ta First Bank of Nigeria.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Folashade a cikin garin Kano, Nigeria a ranar 26 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1968. Ta halarci makarantar mata ta St Clare's Grammar School a garin Offa, Najeriya don karatun sakandare. Tana da digiri na digiri na Injiniya (Daraja) daga Jami'ar Ilorin da kuma Masters a Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (MBA) daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife, a shekara ta 2001. Ta kuma halarci shirye-shiryen ilimin zartarwa a Michigan Ross, Makarantar Kasuwancin London, Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Stanford da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Lagos.
Ayyuka
Folashade ta fara aikinta a matsayin injiniya a masana'antar IT daga shekara ta 1990 zuwa shekara ta 1997 kafin ta shiga bankin kasa da kasa na Afirka inda ta kasance Shugabar Kamfanin IT & Systems. A shekara ta 2001 ta shiga Bankin Farko na Najeriya inda ta fara a matsayin Shugaban Hanyoyin Sadarwa da Sadarwa sannan kuma ta rabu da IT zuwa ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta tashi daga Mataimakiyar Janar Manaja zuwa Mataimakin Janar Manaja wanda ya shafi ayyuka da dama daga ci gaban kasuwanci zuwa tallan tallace-tallace, bangaren jama'a sannan kuma ayyukan banki na reshe.
Bayan ta kai ƙololuwar aikinta na banki sai aka naɗa ta a matsayin Manajan Darakta / Shugaba na Bankin First Bank of Nigeria reshenta na FBN Mortgages Limited a shekara ta 2016 bayan shekaru goma sha biyar tare da bankin. Ta rike wannan muƙamin tsawon shekaru uku sannan ta tafi don ci gaba da tuntuɓar IT da sadarwa.
A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2019 aka nada ta a matsayin shugabar zartarwa ta hukumar tara haraji ta jihar Kwara ta hannun gwamnan jihar Kwara, AbdulRahman AbdulRasaq a cikin majalisar zartarwa tare da mata sama da 50%.
Folashade mamba ce ta Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Ƙasa (NIM) ta Nijeriya, da Cibiyar Nazarin Haraji ta Najeriya, memba mai girmamawa na ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Masu Banki (HCIB) ta Nijeriya kuma ita ce kuma Cisco Certified Network Professional, Cisco Certified Network Associate da kuma Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer bokan.
Rayuwar mutum
Folashade Omoniyi ta auri Biodun Omoniyi tare da yara.
Ɗafi
Ɗafi
Jordi Alba
Jordi Alba (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989 a garin Hospitalet de Llobregat, a ƙasar Ispaniya) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ispaniya. Ya buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Ispaniya daga shekara ta 2011.
Ɗafi
Ma'anar ɗafi
Da farko dai masana ilimin harsuna kamar su Mathw (1974) da Janjo (1979) da Yuri (2000) sun ce ɗafi na nufin duk wani ƙari da akayiwa saiwar kalma a farkonta ko tsakiyarta ko karshenta.
Manazarta
Janjo(1979) Mathw(1974) Yauri((2000) Abubakar(2000) Al'hassan(2006) Yahaya1982).
Jordi Alba
HOTO
Tasher Kyoto
Tarihi
An bude tashar Kyoto a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1877. Tare da keɓantawar Layin Jirgin ƙasa na Japan (JNR) a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1987, tashar ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Kamfanin Railway na Yammacin Japan.
Kididdigar fasinja
A cikin kasafin kuɗi na 2019, matsakaicin fasinjoji 450000 ne ke amfani da tashar kowace rana.
Muzammil Murtaza
Muzammil Murtaza (an haife shi 12 Gawatan Nuwamba shekara ta 1999), ɗan wasan Tennis ne na Pakistan. Ya lashe lambar azurfa a Wasannin Hadin Kan Musulunci na shekara ta 2017 a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Pakistan a cikin taron ƙungiyar maza.
Murtaza yana da babban matsayi na ATP na 1,365 wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Yuli 2018.
Murtaza ya wakilci Pakistan a Kofin Davis, inda yake da tarihin rashin nasara na 0-3.
Ya halarci Wasannin Asiya na shekara ta 2018 akan ninkin ninki tare da Muhammad Abid kuma ya cakuda ninki biyu tare da Sarah Mahboob Khan.
Harshen Longuda
Longuda (Nʋngʋra) yare ne na Niger-Congo a Najeriya. Joseph Greenberg ya sanya shi a matsayin babban reshe, G10, na dangin yarukan Adamawa. Boyd (1989) ya ba shi reshe a cikin Waja – Jen. Lokacin da Blench (2008) ya wargaza Adamawa, Longuda ya zama reshe na yarukan Bambukic.
Dutsen Kura (Kafur)
Dutsen Kura gari ne dake a Ƙaramar hukumar Kafur ta Jihar Katsina Najeriya. Dutsen Kura gari ne na shahararren ɗan jaridar nan na sashen Hausa na DW dake a ƙasar Jamus wato Zaharaddin Umar Dutsen-kura. Kuma gari ne na Alhaji Khalil Bako, tsohon sakataren dindindin a ma'aikatar ƙananan hukumomi da masarautu ta jihar katsina sannan shi ne dagacin garin na Dutsen-kura baya ga haka ya riƙe Kwamishina na dindindin a ma'aikatar samarda aiyuka ta jihar Katsina
Robert Downey Jr.
Robert John Downey Jr. (an haife shi Afrilu 4, 1965) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka. Aikinsa ya kasance mai mahimmanci da nasara kuma mai ban sha'awa a lokacin kuruciyarsa, kuma ya biyo bayan lokaci na shaye-shaye da matsalolin shari'a da ya samu, kafin sake dawowar nasarar kasuwanci daga baya a cikin aikinsa.
Harshen Longuda
Ba a san adadin masu magana a halin yanzu ba. Ethnologue ya kawo adadin SIL na 32,000 daga shekarar 1973. Amma bisa ga kidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2006 ta nuna cewa akwai kimanin mutum 104,000 dake amfani da harshen a Najeriya.
Bambance-bambancen sunan Longuda sun haɗa da Languda, Longura, Nunguda, Nungura, Nunguraba.
Rabe-Raben harsuna
A shafin harsunan Adamawa na yanar gizo, Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) ya lissafa yaruka biyar a cikin tarin yarukan Longuda.
Wani ɓangare saboda al'adun tabo na al'ada, akwai manyan maganganu masu ma'ana tsakanin yarukan Longuda.
Sunaye da wurare
Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). Babban yanki shine yankin Chikila.
Tsohon Garin Vilnius
Titin Pilies ita ce babbar jijiya ta Tsohon Garin kuma cibiyar cafe da rayuwar kasuwar titi. Babban titin Vilnius, Gediminas Avenue, yana wani yanki a cikin Old Town. Babban murabba'ai a cikin Tsohon Garin sune Cathedral Square da Dandalin Gidan Gari.
Ɗaya daga cikin filayen gine-ginen gine-ginen shine Ƙungiyar Gine-gine na Jami'ar Vilnius, wanda ya mamaye wani babban yanki na Tsohon Garin kuma yana da fili 13. An zaɓi shi don wakiltar Lithuania a cikin Mini-Europe Park a Brussels.
A cikin 1994 an haɗa Tsohon Garin Vilnius a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya ta UNESCO (Lamba 541) don sanin darajarta da asali ta duniya. An gane shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun biranen Tsohuwar Nahiyar wanda kuma ke da Tsohuwar Garin Baroque mafi girma a Gabas da Tsakiyar Turai. Ma'anar "cibiyar tarihi" ita kanta tana da ma'ana mafi fa'ida fiye da Tsohon Garin, wanda a da ke kewaye da bangon tsaro. Ya ƙunshi mahimman wuraren tarihi na Vilnius, irin su Užupis, waɗanda tarihi ya kasance a waje da iyakokin birni. Don haka ana ɗaukar Užupis a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tsohon Garin Vilnius.
352 ha Tsohon Garin Vilnius (Senamiestis) kamar yadda UNESCO ta Duniya Heritage Site bai kamata a rikita batun tare da ɗaya daga cikin dattawan 21 (gundumomi) na Vilnius - Senamiestis (wanda ke da yanki mafi girma - 440 ha).
Alamomin ƙasa
Akwai ƙarin abubuwan tunawa da ban sha'awa a cikin Tsohon Garin fiye da kowane yanki na Vilnius; sun hada da:
Tasher Tennoji
Tasher Tennoji(天王寺駅, Tennoji-eki) tashar jirgin kasa ce ta fasinja dake cikin birnin Osaka, Japan, wanda Kamfanin Railway na Yammacin Japan (JR West) ke gudanarwa.
Tarihi
An bude tashar Tennoji a 14 ga Mayu, 1889. Tare da keɓantawar Layin Jirgin ƙasa na Japan (JNR) a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1987, tashar ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Kamfanin Railway na Yammacin Japan.
Kididdigar fasinja
A cikin kasafin kuɗi na 2019, matsakaicin fasinjoji 740000 ne ke amfani da tashar kowace rana.
Tsanwaka
Tsanwaka (Coracias abyssinica) tsuntsu ne.
Omotayo Oduntan
Omotayo Aramide Oduntan (haihuwar 5 ga watanYuni, 1957), ƴar siyasan Nijeriya ne da ke wakiltar Mazaɓar Alimosho II a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Legas a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress.
Rayuwa da aiki
An haife ta ne a jihar Legas, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, inda ta kammala karatun ta na firamare da sakandare. Tana da takaddar difloma da difloma kan Tsabtace Abinci da Kula da Abinci (Food Hygiene and Food Handling) daga makarantar Royal Institute of Public Health. Ta taba zama babbar Mataimakiya ta Musamman ga Gwamnan Jihar Legas a kan Matsalolin asali a yayin da take aiki a matsayin ‘yar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Legas daga 1999 zuwa 2003 sannan kuma daga 2011 zuwa 2015. A yanzu haka tana matsayin Chief Whip na majalisa ta 8 a majalisar dokoki na jihar Legas.
Sinima a Ginen Ekweita
Manufar sashen fina-finai ita ce tsara fina-finan Equatorial Guinea yadda ya kamata a cikin ƙasa da kuma na duniya.
Tarihi
Ƙasar Equatorial Guinea (mallakar Mutanen Espanya har zuwa 1968), ana ci gaba da fuskantar mulkin kama-karya, har yanzu sinima ba ta fito ba. Irin zaluncin da gwamnatocin da suka shuɗe suka yi da kuma nuna rashin jin daɗi a zahiri sun hana fitowar na'urar bidiyo ta bidiyo. Ƙananan tsibiran biyu na São Tomé da Príncipe (yankin Portugal har zuwa 1975), da ke cikin Tekun Ginea, ba su da yawa kuma suna cikin matsalolin tattalin arziƙi, kuma ƴan kayan marmari ne kawai aka yi a wurin. Mawallafin fina-finai kuma mai tsara shirye-shirye Javier H. Estrada ne ya koyar da tarurrukan, wanda ya ba da taken wannan kwas na wannan shekara Breaking the chains. Sararin Koyo na neman haɓaka ingantaccen fahimtar al'ummomin Afirka, ta yin amfani da yare mafi girma na duniya duka: fasaha. Babban fare ya ta'allaka ne a kusantar da sinima kusa da yawan jama'a.
"FEGUIBOX - Kundi na Rubén Monsuy da Gabriel Amdur
Salvador tauraro ne mai tasowa a cikin tawagar damben ƙasar Equatorial Guinea. Ya ba da damar da tawagar Afirka za ta iya shiga gasar Olympics a ƙarshe amma dole ne ya yi fama da talauci tare da budurwarsa Luna da kuma rashin tarbiyya.
Memoria negra
Muryar wani ɗan gudun hijira na Guinea wanda ba a san sunansa ba wanda ya gaji kogi lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu, kuma ya tuna, daga jeji mai nisa, al'amuran ƙuruciya, shahararrun almara da tsoffin imani na Afirka, wanda ya kai mu cikin rikice-rikice na Equatorial Guinea.
Fim ɗin ya yi magana ne da wani batu da ba a saba ba: mulkin mallaka na Spain na wannan kasa ta Afirka da kuma gadon siyasa, addini da al'adu da suka bayyana bayan ayyana 'yancin kai a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1968, tun daga zamanin mulkin kama-karya na Francisco Macías da aka zubar da jini zuwa yanzu. mulkin dan uwansa, Teodoro Obiang.
palm trees in the snow
Fim ɗin 'Palmeras en la Nieve, starring Mario Casas da Adriana Ugarte, an yi fim' Clarence (Adriana Ugarte) da gangan ya gano wata wasiƙar da aka manta da ita tsawon shekaru wanda ya tura ta tafiya daga rayuwa mai natsuwa a cikin tsaunukan Huesca zuwa Bioko. Manufarta de ella ita ce ta ziyarci ƙasar da mahaifinta de ella Jacobo (Alain Hernández) da kawunta Kilian suka shafe mafi yawan shekarun kuruciyarsu, kuma ta haka ne kokarin warware kacici-kacici na iyali da kuma bayyana asirin abin da ya faru. A cikin hanji na yanki a matsayin abin farin ciki da lalata kamar yadda yake da haɗari, Clarence ya tona asirin wani labarin soyayya wanda ba zai yuwu ba wanda aka saita a cikin rikice-rikice na tarihi wanda sakamakonsa zai kai ga yanzu.
Teresa (fim na 2010)
Teresa, Rocío da Yolanda dalibai ne matasa uku da rayuwa daban-daban, amma tare da abokantaka da ke haɗa su. Teresa wata matashiya ce da take ƙwazo game da rayuwar titi, ... babbar Ƙawarta ita ce Rocío, yarinya mai kyau da ba ta da sha’awar karatu domin tana da komai. Kuma a ƙarshe, Yolanda yarinya ce daga dangi mai tawali'u tare da iyayen da ba su da lafiya, wanda ke ɗaukar gaskiyar yin karatu da gaske don ci gaba da makomarta, kuma tana ba abokanta shawara su bi hanya madaidaiciya.
White Mission
Da ya isa wa’azin Kiristanci na ƙasar Guinea, babban limamin cocin ya gaya wa dattawansa labarin wani Fadan Coci Father Javier, wani matashi ɗan mishan da ya yi yaƙi don ya mai da mugu ba kawai don Allah ba, har ma don dalilai na hankali.
Marubucin ya fito daga kasar da babu kantin sayar da littattafai
Kasar Equatorial Guinea ta samu ‘yancin kai ne daga ƙasar Spain shekaru 50 da suka gabata, kuma a yanzu tana daya daga cikin kasashen da suka fi fama da wariyar launin fata a Afirka. Mun shigar da shi tare da marubucin da aka fi fassarawa a ƙasar, Juan Tomás Ávila Laure.
Anomalías eléctricas (2010)
Babban hali yana karatu a gidansa a Malabo, ba zato ba tsammani, wutar lantarki ta yanke. Yana ƙoƙarin neman kyandir, amma ya faɗi saboda duhu. Hasken ya dawo kuma zai iya sake fara karatu, amma wannan ba ya daɗe. Wutar ta sake kashewa, hali yayi ƙoƙarin gyara shi, amma yana da hatsarin lantarki. Lokacin da hasken ya dawo, ya bayyana da gashin "Rasta" kuma, bayan 'yan dakiku, an yanke wutar lantarki a karo na uku. Yana ta Equatorial Guinea short rai comedy.
La cita
Wani saurayi ya tashi da safe sai aka kira budurwarsa. Sun yanke shawarar haɗuwa a mashaya. Yana zuwa ya fara jira. Yana kokarin isa gareta amma ta fita daga network. Yaci gaba da kiranta amma ya kasa kaiwa gareta. Lokaci ya wuce, ya tsufa kuma ya ƙare ya mutu. Shekaru 20 sun wuce, an dawo da hanyar sadarwar kuma, daga makabarta, mun ji yarinyar a waya tana neman saurayinta.
Marfil
Mai shirya fim na farko ya isa Equatorial Guinea a shekara ta 1904. An rufe gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarshe a Malabo a cikin 1990s. A cikin 2011, yayin bikin fina-finai na Afirka na II na Equatorial Guinea, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Marfil ya sake buɗe kofofinsa. Florencio, Ángel da Estrada sun gaya mana yadda silima ta kasance, kuma har yanzu tana nan a rayuwarsu.
Ahmad Johar
Ahmad Johar ( أحمد جوهر  ; An haife shi ne a ranar 29 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1958 a Kuwait - 2023) dan wasan Kuwaiti ne, darekta kuma marubuci.
Tarihin rayuwa
Johar ya fara aikin sa a shekarar 1982. Ya kammala karatunsa daga babbar Kwalejin Dramatic Arts a Kuwait a shekarar 1984.
Ya sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta kasar Kuwaiti, saboda aikin da ya yi a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo.
An kwantar da shi a asibiti a ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2020, bayan fama da cutar shanyewar jiki da kuma huhu na huhu.
Daular Mandara
Masarautar Mandara (wani lokacin ana kiranta Wandala ) ta kasance ce masarautar Afirka a cikin tsaunin Mandara wanda a yau ake da kuma yanzu ake kiran wurin da Kamaruzzaman.Mutanen Mandara sun fito daga zuriyar masarautar.
Tarihi
Gargajiya ta bayyana cewa an kafa Mandara ne jim kadan kafin shekarar 1500 ta hannun wata mata mai suna Soukda da wani mafarauci wanda ba dan asalin Mandarawa mai suna Gaya. Fra Mauro (a cikin shekarar 1459) da Leo Africanus (a cikin shekarar 1526); sun ce sunan mandara a wancan lokacin ya kasance ba'a san sun sa ba.
A cikin karni na farko a masarautar, sarakunan ta sunyi yaqi da kungiyoyin kawance dan kokarin fadada yankunan su. Bayan cin nasarar Dulo (ko Duolo) da kuma kafa babban birnin a Dulo c. 1580, daular Sankre, jagoran yaƙi, ya fara. Lokacin da Dulo yayi ƙoƙari don kwace mulki, masarautar Bornu ta goyi bayan iƙirarin Aldawa Nanda, ɗan gidan Sankre. Sarki Idris Alaoma na jihar Borno da kansa ya nada Nanda a matsayin sarki a shekarar 1614. Don haka Bornu ya sami babban mukami a kan Mandara.
Shiva Rajkumar
Nagaraju Shiva Puttaswamy (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Yuli), an fi sanin shi da sunan allo Shiva Rajkumar, ɗan fim ɗin Indiya ne, furodusa kuma mai gabatar da shirin talabijin, galibi yafi yin aiki a sinima ta Kannada. Shi ne ɗan fari na matar Kannada mai suna Rajkumar. A tsawon sama da shekaru talatin din da ya shafe cikin harkar, Shima ya yi aiki a cikin fina-finai sama da 120. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Jihar Karnataka da yawa, Kyautar Filmfare ta Kudu, lambar yabo ta SIIMA da sauran abubuwan da aka sake yi don mafi kyawun wasansa a fuska.
Daular Mandara
Tarihi
Mai Bukar Aji, shine sarki na 25, ya kokarin ya sanya Mandara ta koma garin musulunci a c. 1715, wanda daular zata cigaba da kasan cewa har kusan shekara ɗari biyu. Baƙin musulmai ne suka musuluntar da Bukar zuwa musulunci, kuma musuluncin masarautar zai ci gaba acikin karnin har a gaba. Masarautar ta sami zamani mai daraja a karkashin Bukar da wanda ya gaje shi, Bukar Guiana (1773-1828). A kusan shekarar 1781, Mandara ta ci daular Borno a wani babban yaqi, tare da kara fadada ikonsu a yankin. A ƙarshen karnin makuran karfin su, Mandara ta karɓi yabo daga wasu manyan fannoni 15. Hakakuma, masarautar ta fuskanci koma baya a shekarar 1809, lokacin da Modibo Adama, wani dalibi dan kungiyar Fulani na Usman dan Fodio, ya jagoranci jihadi a kan Mandara. Adama a takaice ya kwace Dulo, koda yake ba da daɗewa ba Mandara ta kore shi daga kan iyakokin masarautar. Rashin nasarar Adama ya tilasta wa Borno yin abokantaka da Mandara suka saki abotansu a dalilin mamayewar Fulani. Bayan mutuwar shugaba Bukai Dgjiama, rikicin Mandara ya taso daga wadanda ba musulmai ba, Fulani kuma sun sake kai hari. A shekarar 1850, Borno ba zata iya ba da damar kai hari kan masarautar da ta raunana ba. Wannan rikice-rikice da aka sabunta ya fara ɓoye ƙarfin masarautar, yana ba da hanya ga mamayewar sojojin Muhammadu Ahmad a cikin shekarar 1880s. A shekarar 1895 ko kuma shekarar 1896, sojojin Muhammad Ahmad sun lalata Dulo, suna masu nuna koma baya ga ikon Mandara. Ko ta yaya, masarautar ta ci gaba da kasancewa, tana ta ci gaba da kai hare-haren ta Fulani har sai da ta kai musu a shekarar 1893.
Bature Mai bincike mai suna Dixon Denham, yayi tafiyan bude ido na rakiya tare da wasu bayi daga Borno  izuwa cikin masarautar Mandara a watan Fabrairun shekarar 1823; duk da cewar ya gudu kuma ya tsira da ransa, sakamakon cin  nasarar da wasu maharan da suka samu, amman ya dawo da daya daga cikin bayanan masarautan da ya samu cikin Turai. A cikin shekarar 1902, kasar Jamus ta karbi ragaman masarautan, daga baya ta mika ma ragamar a hannun Faransa a shekarar 1918. A shekarar 1960, masarautar Mandara ta zama wani bangare na sabon Kamaru mai cin gashin kansa.
Shiva Rajkumar
Kuruciya
An haifi Shiva Rajkumar a Madras (yanzu Chennai ), Tamil Nadu, ɗa ne ga jarumi Rajkumar da furodusa Parvathamma a matsayin ɗa na farko a cikin yara biyar. 'Yan uwansa biyu su ne Raghavendra Rajkumar, mai shirya fim kuma jarumin Kannada da Puneeth Rajkumar, wani dan wasa a sinimar Kannada. Shiva ya yi karatunsa a T. Nagar, Chennai sannan ya yi karatu a New College, Chennai.
Daular Mandara
Masu mulkin Mandara (a zamanin nan a Kamaru )
(Kwanakin wata a karkace na nuna a zahiri shine ci gaba da ofishin)
== Dubi kuma ==
Shiva Rajkumar
Rayuwar Iyali
Shiva ya auri Geeta, ɗiyar tsohon Babban Ministan Karnataka, S. Bangarappa. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu: Niveda da Nirupama.
Ya kasance Ambasadan Brand na Royal Challengers Bangalore a karo na 11 na Firimiyan Indiya. Shine jarumin Kannada na biyu da ya sayi Maruti 800.
Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu
A yau ƙungiyoyin kwadago har yanzu suna da mahimmanci a Afirka ta Kudu, tare da mambobi miliyan 3.11 waɗanda ke wakiltar kashi 25.3% na ma'aikata na yau da kullun. Majalisar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (COSATU) ita ce mafi girma daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kwadago guda uku, tare da mambobi miliyan 1.8, kuma tana daga cikin hadin gwiwar Tripartite tare da Majalisar Kwadaka ta Afirka (ANC) da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudancin (SACP).
Tarihin
A cikin shekarun 1930 Majalisar Kasuwanci da Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (SATLC) ta haɗa yawancin ƙasar. SATLC ta ci gaba da kasancewa a bayyane ba tare da wariyar launin fata ba, kuma ta yarda da haɗin gwiwar kungiyoyin kwadago na baƙar fata, tare da kiran cikakken haƙƙin doka ga 'yan kungiyar kwadago na baki. Wasu kungiyoyin baƙi sun shiga SATLC, yayin da a cikin shekarun 1940 wasu suka haɗa da Majalisar Kwadago da ba ta Turai ba, wanda ya ɗaga shi zuwa mafi girma na ƙungiyoyi 119 da mambobi 158,000 a cikin 1945.
A shekara ta 1946, CNETU tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu sun tura yajin aikin ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Afirka ya zama Babban yajin aikin. Yunkurin ya rushe ta hanyar zalunci na 'yan sanda wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na tashiwar Jam'iyyar National Party (NP) da kuma taken su na wariyar launin fata yayin da aka murkushe dukkan kungiyoyin kwadago na baƙar fata.
1954 - 1991
A shekara ta 1954 aka rushe SATLC, kuma tare da kafa Majalisar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (TUCSA) membobin kungiyar sun hada da fari, masu launi, da Asians, tare da baƙi a cikin kungiyoyi masu dogaro. An cire ƙungiyoyin baƙar fata masu zaman kansu daga haɗin kai kuma ƙungiyoyi 14 da suka gabata daga SATLC sun kafa Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACTU). SACTU ta haɗu da Majalisar Kwadago da ba ta Turai ba kuma ta zama ƙungiyar kwadago ta ANC. Kungiyar ta karu zuwa mambobi 53,000 a shekara ta 1961, amma an kori ta a karkashin kasa, kuma shekaru goma an sake yin shiru a Afirka ta Kudu.
A shekara ta 1979 an kafa Tarayyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (FOSATU), tare da kirkirar Majalisar Kwadago na Afirka ta Kudu.
Abin da zai zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a Afirka ta Kudu, an kirkiro Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai ta Kasa (NUM) a cikin 1982, kuma tana da hannu sosai a cikin rikice-rikicen siyasa da ke adawa da Jam'iyyar National Party mai mulki. Kungiyar ta rungumi "ginshiƙai" guda huɗu na aiki - gwagwarmayar makamai, tattara jama'a (rashin rinjaye), hadin kan kasa da kasa, da kuma aikin karkashin kasa.
Babban yajin aiki har zuwa wannan ranar a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu ya faru ne a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1986, lokacin da ma'aikatan baƙar fata miliyan 1.5 suka "yi tafiya" a cikin buƙatar amincewa da hutun ranar Mayu. A watan Yuni mai zuwa an ruwaito cewa an kama jami'an kungiyar kwadago 200, ciki har da Elijah Barayi da Jay Naidoo na COSATU, da Phiroshaw Camay, babban sakataren CUSA, a karkashin sabon yanayin gaggawa.
Har ila yau, a cikin 1986, CUSA ta shiga tare da Azanian Confederation of Trade Unions (AZACTU) don kafa Majalisar Kwadago ta Kasa (NACTU), kuma Cif Mangosuthu Buthelezi ya kirkiro Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Afirka ta Kudu (UWUSA), musamman don adawa da kashe hannun jari a Afirka ta Kudu. UWUSA daga ƙarshe ta ɓace daga gani, amma ba kafin wahayi a watan Yulin 1991 ba cewa ta haɗa kai da masu ba da agaji a cikin kamfen ɗin da aka yi wa masu gwagwarmayar COSATU da NACTU, kuma ta sami akalla Rand miliyan 1.5 daga 'yan sanda na tsaro.
A cikin 1988 sabuwar Dokar Harkokin Ma'aikata ta sanya takunkumi kan ayyukan ma'aikata, gami da ba Kotun Ma'aikata ikon hana yajin aiki da kulle-kulle. Wannan ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma tattaunawar tsakanin COSATU, NACTU da Kwamitin Harkokin Kwadago na Afirka ta Kudu (SACOLA) daga ƙarshe sun samar da gyare-gyare na 1991 wanda ya soke ikon da ya gabata.
A cikin 1990 SACTU, wanda ya ci gaba da ayyukan karkashin kasa daga gudun hijira, ya rushe kuma ya shawarci membobinta su shiga COSATU. COSATU, a matsayin memba na hadin gwiwar Tripartite tare da ANC da SACP, sun ba da tallafi ta hanyar yajin aiki da rikice-rikicen siyasa da tattalin arziki, wanda daga ƙarshe ya haifar da ƙaurawar Jam'iyyar National, da kuma nasarar mafi rinjaye na ANC a zaben siyasa na 1994.
Jim Boeke
James Frederick Boeke (Satumba 11, 1938 - Satumba 26, 2014) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa don Los Angeles Rams, Dallas Cowboys da New Orleans Saints. Ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Kwalejin Heidelberg.
Rana (disambiguation)
Rana ko kuma kace "kwana" ana cewa rana ne idan aka kwashe sa'o'i ashirin da hudu na wuni da kuma dare, sai a ce kwana daya ko rana ta daya: Ana amfani da rana ne domin kidayan watanni da kuma shekara. kuma domin lissafin lokaci
Tuje
Tuje (da Latinanci Otididae spp.) tsuntsu ne.
Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu
A yau
An amince da kungiyoyin kwadago a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu na 1996, wanda ke ba da damar shiga kungiyoyin kwadoro da kuma kungiyoyin kwadano don yin ciniki tare da yajin aiki. Wannan ya fassara zuwa Dokar Harkokin Ma'aikata, wanda ya kafa tsarin aiki ga ƙungiyoyi da ma'aikata. An kuma kirkiro cibiyoyi uku don ci gaba da burin rage rikice-rikicen alaƙar masana'antu, kawar da nuna bambanci mara adalci da kuma gyara nuna bambanci da ya gabata a wurin aiki: Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da Majalisar Aiki ta Kasa (NEDLAC), Kotun Kwadago da Hukumar Sakamako, Saki da Arbitration (CCMA). Tare da kirkirar Tarayyar Kungiyoyin Afirka ta Kudu (FEDUSA) daga hadewar Tarayyar Ƙungiyoyin Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu, da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin 1997, an kafa manyan ƙungiyoyi uku. COSATU, tare da mambobi miliyan 1.8, FEDUSA ta biyo baya tare da mambozi 560,000 da NACTU tare da kusan mambobi 400,000 ciki har da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan ma'adinai. Dukkanin ukun suna da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya.
Jim Boeke
Shekarun farko
An haifi Boeke a Akron, Ohio. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Cuyahoga Falls inda ya yi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da waƙa. Ya karɓi tallafin ƙwallon ƙafa daga Kwalejin Heidelberg, ya kafa kansa a matsayin hanyar magance ta biyu a ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma wasiƙar waƙa.
A cikin 1985, an ƙaddamar da shi a matsayin memba na shata na Jami'ar Heidelberg Athletic Hall of Fame. A cikin 2008, an shigar da shi cikin Babban Zauren Wasannin Wasanni na Summit County.
Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu
A yau
An kafa cibiyar kwadago ta kasa ta huɗu a shekara ta 2003. Kungiyar Kwadago ta Kwadago (CONSAWU) tana da alaƙa da Kungiyar Kwararrun Kwararrun Duniya (WCL).
Binciken shekara-shekara na ICFTU na 2006 game da keta haƙƙin ƙungiyar kwadago ya lura da Afirka ta Kudu:"'An bayar da rahoton manyan keta doka a cikin shekara, gami da mutuwar ma'aikata biyu da ma'aikatansu suka kashe a cikin takaddamar albashi, da kuma ma'aikacin gona da masu tsaro suka kashe. Yunkurin zanga-zangar da zanga-zambe sun haɗu da tashin hankali, kamar yin amfani da harsashin roba, wanda a yanayin direbobin mota masu bugawa, ya haifar da rauni."
Aiki da HIV / AIDS
Afirka ta kudu tana daya daga cikin mafi yawan kamuwa da cutar kanjamau / aids a duniya, tare da kimantawa na shekara ta 2005 na mutane miliyan 5.5 da ke zaune tare da cutar kansar, 12.4% na yawan jama'arta. kungiyar kwadago ta taka rawar gani wajen yaki da wannan annoba. cosatu babban abokin tarayya ne a cikin kamfen ɗin aiki na magunguna (tac), ƙungiyar agaji da aka yi rajista da ƙungiyar siyasa da ke aiki don ilimantarwa da inganta fahimta game da cutar kanjamau / aids, da kuma hana sabbin kamuwa da cuta, da kuma turawa don samun damar samun magungunan antiretrovirals. cosatu ta zartar da ƙuduri a cikin 1998 don kamfen don magani. "a bayyane yake ga ƙungiyar ma'aikata a wannan lokacin cewa membobinta mafi ƙasƙanci suna mutuwa saboda ba za su iya samun magunguna ba, "in ji theodora steel, mai kula da kamfen a cosatu. "mun ga tac a matsayin abokin tarayya na halitta a cikin kamfen don magani. mun zartar da ƙuduri na yau da kullun a taronmu don taimakawa da gina tac. "
Duk da hadin gwiwar COSATU tare da ANC mai mulki, ya kasance ba daidai ba ne da gwamnati ta hanyar yin kira ga ƙaddamar da cikakken damar jama'a ga magungunan antiretroviral.
Dokar Dangantaka ta Aiki
An zartar da Dokar Dangantaka ta Ma'aikata a cikin 1995 kuma ta sami manyan gyare-gyare a cikin 1996 1998 da 2002. Manufar da aka bayyana ita ce "ba da tasiri ga sashi na 27 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki" ta hanyar tsara haƙƙin ƙungiyoyin kwadago, inganta yarjejeniyar ƙungiya, tsara haƙƙin yajin aiki da kuma neman mafita da kuma samar da hanyoyin warware rikice-rikice da kuma kafa Kotun Kwadago da Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Kwadago a matsayin manyan kotuna "tare da ikon yanke shawara na musamman don yanke shawara kan batutuwan da suka taso daga Dokar". Dokar ta kuma magance sa hannun ma'aikaci a cikin yanke shawara da wajibai na doka ta kasa da kasa dangane da dangantakar ma'aikata.
Dokar Harkokin Kasuwanci ba ta shafi Sojojin Tsaro na Afirka ta Kudu, Hukumar leken asiri ta Kasa ko Ofishin Asirin Afirka ta Kudu.
Majalisar ciniki
An kafa majalisun sulhu ta ƙungiyoyin kwadago da ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata. Suna hulɗa da yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa, ƙoƙarin warware rikice-rikicen ma'aikata da kuma yin shawarwari game da manufofin ma'aikata le dokoki. Hakanan, suna iya gudanar da kudaden fansho, biyan marasa lafiya, rashin aikin yi da tsarin horo da sauran irin waɗannan fa'idodi ga membobinsu. Dokar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Amended ta kuma lura cewa majalisun suna "ba da sabis da ayyuka na majalisa ga ma'aikata a bangaren da ba na al'ada ba da ma'aikatan gida".
Yarjejeniyar Shagon Hukumar
Yarjejeniyar Shagon Hukumar ta sami rinjaye daga ƙungiyar kwadago (ko dai ƙungiya ɗaya ko hadin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi da ke wakiltar mafi yawan ma'aikatan da aka yi amfani da su) da kuma ma'aikaci ko ƙungiyar ma'aikata. Yarjejeniyar ta buƙaci masu daukar ma'aikata su cire kuɗi daga albashin ma'aikatan da ba na ƙungiyar ba don "tabbatar da ma'aikatan waɗanda ba na ƙungiyar, waɗanda ke amfana daga ƙoƙarin sulhu na ƙungiyar, su ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan ƙoƙarin".
Ba a buƙatar izini daga ma'aikaci don a tantance raguwa. Koyaya, ma'aikatan da suka ƙi yarda da lamiri kuma sun ƙi zama memba a cikin ƙungiyar kwadago bisa tushen lamiri, suna iya neman a biya kuɗin su ga asusun da Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ke gudanarwa.
Yarjejeniyar shagon da aka rufe
Yarjejeniyar shagon rufewa, wanda ke buƙatar duk ma'aikata a wurin aiki da aka rufe su shiga ƙungiyoyi, ana iya buga su idan kashi biyu bisa uku na ma'aikata sun jefa kuri'a don amincewa da yarjejeniyar. Dole ne ma'aikata su shiga ƙungiyar ko kuma su fuskanci korar su. Bugu da ƙari, "idan ƙungiyar ta kori memba ko ta ƙi ba da damar sabon ma'aikaci ya zama memba na ƙungiyar, kuma idan wannan fitarwa ko ƙin yarda ya dace da kundin tsarin mulkin ƙungiyar ko kuma saboda dalili ne mai kyau, to ma'aikacin zai kori ma'aikacen. Wannan korar ba a dauke ta rashin adalci ba. " Ba za a iya korar masu adawa da lamiri ba saboda kin shiga ƙungiyar.
Ƙuntatawa a kan shagunan da aka rufe sun haɗa da buƙatun kada su tilasta ma'aikata su zama membobin ƙungiyar kwadago kafin samun aiki da kuma biyan kuɗin da aka tattara daga ma'aikata don amfani da su kawai don "ci gaba ko kare bukatun zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na ma'aikata".
Jim Boeke
Los Angeles Rams
Los Angeles Rams ne ya zaɓi Boeke a zagaye na sha tara (217th gabaɗaya) na 1960 NFL Draft. Ya kasance a baya baya fama da mugun abu. A shekara ta 1963 kuma ya buga wasan tsaro.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis kwayar cuta ce ta gram-positive kuma mai siffar sanda wacce ke haifar da cutar anthrax, cuta mai saurin kisa ga dabbobi kuma, lokaci-lokaci, ga mutane. Ita ce kadai cuta ( wajabta ) a cikin kwayar halittar Bacillus. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta hanyar dabbobine ne, kamar yadda ake yada shi daga dabbobi zuwa mutane. Wani likita dan kasar Jamus Robert Koch ne ya gano ta a shekara ta 1876, kuma ya tabattar da cewa itace kwayar cuta ta farko da aka nuna ta hanyar gwaji. Binciken kuma shine shaidar farko ta kimiyya don ka'idar da ta nuna cewa akwai ƙwayoyin cuta.
Jim Boeke
Los Angeles Rams
A ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1964, an yi ciniki da shi zuwa Dallas Cowboys don musanya rookie mai gudu Les Josephson.