cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Hari a Jihar Borno, Yuni 2014
Satar mutane
A cikin kwanaki da dama, a ƙarshen mako na 21-22 ga watan Yuni, wasu da ake zargin 'yan Boko Haram ne sun kai hari a ƙauyen Kummabza da kan wasu mutane uku a gundumar Damboa ta jihar Borno, kamar yadda shaidun gani da ido suka bayyana. Maharan sun kama mata da ƴan mata 60, da kuma maza 31 a harin. Wasu daga cikin matan sun yi aure kuma yaran sun kai shekaru uku. Shugaban ƴan banga, Aji Khalil ya ce an harbe wasu mutanen ƙauyen huɗu da suka yi ƙoƙarin tserewa harin maharan. Wani ganau ya ce an kashe mutane kusan 30 a harin.
Bayan nan
Bayan harin, tsofaffin mutanen ƙauyen sun yi tafiya 15 mi don bayar da rahoton harin da neman taimako. Gwamnan Borno Kashim Shettima ya bayar da umarnin gudanar da bincike a hukumance, amma da labarin ya fito, gwamnatin ƙasar ta musanta cewa an yi garkuwa da mutane. Wani mai magana da yawun gwamnati ya ce babu wani abu a ƙasa da zai tabbatar da cewa an yi garkuwa da shi kuma Shettima ya tabbatar da cewa matan da suka bata sun koma wani ƙauye ne kawai. Wani ɗan siyasa a yankin da kuma shaidun gani da ido da dama, sun tabbatar da rahoton sacewa ga Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Faransa. Wani jami'in leken asiri na ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Najeriya da ya buƙaci a sakaya sunan sa, ya tabbatarwa kamfanin dillancin labaran Associated Press cewa an kai wani hari. Sai dai ya ruwaito cewa an yi garkuwa da mutanen ne mako guda kafin nan, tsakanin ranakun 13 zuwa 15 ga watan Yuni.
Bama-bamai da harbe-harbe
A ranakun 21 da 22 ga watan Yuni, wasu da ake zargin mayakan Boko Haram ne sun kai hari ƙauyukan Chuha A, Chuha B, da Korongilim da ke kusa da Chibok. Maharan sun fuskanci turjiya daga sojoji da ƴan banga. An ruguza garuruwan kuma an kashe mutanen ƙauyuka aƙalla 40 a faɗan. An kuma kashe ƴan banga shida gami da ƴan ta’adda kusan ashirin da biyar a hare-haren. Wani jami’in gwamnati ya bayyana abin da ya faru: “Gawarwakin mutanen da abin ya shafa;... sun lalata ƙauyuka uku."
A ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, wani bam da ya tashi a wata kwaleji a Kano ya kashe mutane 8 tare da jikkata wasu kimanin 20. A daren ranar 28 ga watan Yuni ne wani bam ya tashi a gidan karuwai a Bauchi, wanda yayi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 11 tare da jikkata wasu 28.
Bincike
Wani manazarci Jacob Zenn ya ce sabbin hare-haren sun nuna cewa yunƙurin da kasashen duniya ke yi na ƙaddamar da yaki da Boko Haram ya ci tura. Wani mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro, Ryan Cumming, ya ce sabbin sace-sacen na iya kasancewa wani hari ne na kai tsaye daga sace-sacen da aka yi a Chibok, da kuma ƙara matsa lamba kan ƙulla yarjejeniyar yin garkuwa da mutane da su ƴan ta'adan suka sace.
Bayan haka
A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin 2014 ne aka bayyana cewa sama da mutane 60 daga cikin matan da aka sace sun kuɓuto daga hannun mayaƙan Boko Haram.
Toyota Venza
Toyota Venza babbar mota ce mai girman fasinja biyar SUV wadda Toyota ta kera kuma ta sayar da ita musamman don kasuwar Arewacin Amurka, wanda ya fara da gabatarwa a cikin 2008 kuma a yanzu a cikin ƙarni na biyu — tare da hutu don shekarun ƙirar 2018-2019.
Venza na ƙarni na farko ya dogara ne akan tsarin tsarin XV40 na Camry da aka sayar tsakanin 2008 da 2017 — kuma ya raba dandalin tare da jerin AL10 Lexus RX. Samfurin ƙarni na biyu shine jerin kasuwannin Jafananci XU80 da aka sake fasalin Harrier kuma ana siyar dashi tun Satumba 2020.
Sunan "Venza" shine cakuda "Venture" da " Monza ."
Bikin Paragbeile
Bikin Paragbeile biki ne na shekara-shekara da sarakuna da mutanen Tumu ke yi a yankin Upper West na Ghana. Akan yi bikin ne a cikin watan Janairu da Fabrairu.
Toyota Venza
Siffofin
Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da manyan katako na atomatik tare da hasken HID, madubai masu zafi na gefen gefe, ƙofar wutar lantarki, wuraren zama na fata, wurin zama na fasinja na 4, rufin gilashin gilashi, tsarin maɓalli mai wayo, tsarin sauti na JBL 13 mai magana tare da Bluetooth, taɓawar murya mai kunnawa- tsarin kewayawa DVD na allo, kyamarar ajiya da tsarin nishaɗin DVD na baya tare da nunin inch 9 da belun kunne guda biyu mara waya. Kunshin Yawon shakatawa, wanda ya haɗa da fitilun HID, fara maɓallin turawa, Kewayawa, da Kunshin Sauti na JBL, yana samuwa ne kawai don daidaitawar 3.5-lita duk abin hawa. Kunshin Premium ɗin, wanda ya ƙunshi rufin wata da kyamarar ajiya, ya kasance don kowa sai dai tsarin tuƙi na gaba mai nauyin lita 2.7. Kunshin fata yana samuwa ga duk samfura.
Domin 2010, Venza ta sami daidaitaccen shigarwar sauti na USB da damar wayar hannu mara hannu ta Bluetooth. Saboda wannan ƙarin, ƙungiyar mai kunna CD guda ɗaya ta maye gurbin daidaitaccen mai canza CD na diski 6-dash a baya.
Bikin Paragbeile
Biki
A lokacin bikin, ana maraba baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya kayan gargajiya kuma akwai durbar na sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye-raye da buge-buge.
Toyota Venza
Siffofin
Domin 2012, da Venza nuna LE, XLE da Limited datsa matakan ga Amurka kasuwar, maye gurbin guda-sa line tare da daban-daban zabin fakitin. Le da XLE trims sun kasance suna samuwa tare da duk haɗin haɗin wutar lantarki: 2.7-lita, 3.5-lita, gaba-dabaran ko duk-dabaran drive; Kamfanin Venza Limited ya zo tare da injin mai lita 3.5 kawai, a cikin injin gaba-gaba ko duk abubuwan da aka tsara. Samfuran Kanada sun riƙe matakin datsa guda ɗaya, suna ƙara fakitin Sauƙaƙawa kawai don datsa duk abin hawa mai lita 2.7.
Lilly Platt
Muhalli
A cikin shekara ta 2015, Platt tana tafiya tare da wani wurin shakatawa a cikin Netherlands tare da kakanta lokacin da ta lura da wasu ledojin roba a warwatse a ƙasa. Ta yanke shawarar ƙidaya su don yin yarenta. Sun tara filastik guda 91 a cikin minti 10. Kakanta ya kara fada mata yadda shara ta kare a matsayin miyar roba. Lamarin da ya faɗo ya haifar da yunƙurin muhalli, kuma a cikin shekaru 7 da haihuwa, ta fara ɗaukar Lilly's Plastkup. Ta Lilly's Plastics Cleanup ta debo kayan kwalliya kuma tayi musu kyau sosai. Tana sanya su a shafukan sada zumunta domin wayar da kan mutane game da lamarin. A tsawon shekaru Platt ya debi fiye da guda dubu 100 na shara, tun daga kwalabe, fakitin sigari, katun ɗin sha da dai sauransu. Ta hanyar Tsabtace Roba ta Lilly, Platt shima ya ba da tasirin filastik akan rayuwar namun daji da yanayin halittu. Tun lokacin da yaduwar cutar ta fara samun yabo daga kasashen duniya.
Tun tana karama, Platt ta nuna so ga dabbobi, musamman wadanda ake ganin ba su dace ba. An tsananta mata a makaranta saboda wannan, sannan kuma ɗayan takwarorinta ne kawai ya nuna sha'awar ayyukan tsabtace ta. Daga nan sai Platt ya koma makarantar King inda yawancin abokan karatunta suka shiga kokarin tsabtace ta.
A zaben kasar Holan na shekara ta 2019, kakan Platt ya kada kuri'a a madadinta, yayin da take yakin neman a hana filastik. Platt ya dauki bidiyo kuma ya karfafa wasu suyi hakan.
Kowace Juma'a, Platt tana yajin aiki a wajen gine-ginen gwamnati don nuna rashin amincewa game da matsalar yanayi, tare da ko babu kamfanin.
Lidiya Taran
Lidiya Anatoliyivna Taran ( Ukraine, an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumban 1977) mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin ce ta kasar Ukraine. Tana magana da harshen turanci.
Kuruciya
An haifi Taran a Kyiv, ga dangi na ma’akatan gidan jarida.
Sana'a
Ta fara aikin jarida a gidan rediyo, amma shirin talabijin ya sa ta zama tauraruwa na gaske. Baya ga babbar sana'arta, Taran ta samu nasarar shiga a ayyukanta na zamantakewa, "Don Cimma Buri - To Realize a Dream", wanda kudurinsa shine gano burikan yara masu fama da rashin lafiya a Ukraine.
Har ila yau, Taran ta shiga gasar "Ina Rawa saboda Ku - I Dance for You" kashi na uku.
Rayuwa
Har zuwa Agustan 2010, Taran ta yi aure da mai gabatarwa Andriy Domanskyi, wanda yake da 'yar Vasilyna.
Shah Jahan
Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (an haifeshi a ranar 5 ga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1592 -zuwa ranar 22 ga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1666), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na sarauta Shah Jahan I (Yadda ake furta wa a harshen Pasha [ʃɑːh d͡ʒahɑːn]; lit.  ' Sarkin Duniya ' ), shi ne sarki na biyar na daular Mughal, wanda ya yi sarauta daga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1628 har zuwa watan Yuli shekarata alif 1658. A karkashin mulkinsa, Mughals sun kai kololuwar nasarorin gine-gine da daukakar al'adu.
Leo Tolstoy
Leo Tolstoy, marubuci ɗan ƙasar Rasha ne wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubutan kowane lokaci. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin adabi kowace shekara daga 1902 zuwa 1906 da kuma lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a 1901, 1902, da 1909; kasancewar bai taba yin nasara ba babban cece-kuce.
An haife shi ga dangin ƴan ƙasar Rasha a cikin 1828, Fitattun ayyukan Tolstoy sun haɗa da litattafan War da Aminci (1869) da Anna Karenina (1878), galibi ana ambaton su azaman fitattun almara na gaske. Ya fara samun yabo na wallafe-wallafen a cikin shekarunsa ashirin tare da ilimin tarihin kansa, Yarantaka, Yaro, da Matasa (1852-1856), da Sevastopol Sketches (1855), dangane da abubuwan da ya samu a Yaƙin Crimean. Almararsa ta ƙunshi tarin gajerun labarai da litattafai da yawa kamar Mutuwar Ivan Ilyich (1886), Farin Ciki na Iyali (1859), "Bayan Ball" (1911), da Hadji Murad (1912). Ya kuma rubuta wasan kwaikwayo da kasidu masu yawa na falsafa. A cikin 1870s, Tolstoy ya sami babban rikicin ɗabi'a, wanda ya biyo bayan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin farkawa ta ruhaniya daidai daidai, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin aikinsa mara almara A Confession (1882). Fassarar da ya yi na zahiri na koyarwar ɗabi’a na Yesu, da ke kan Huɗuba bisa Dutse, ya sa shi ya zama Kirista mai ƙwazo, anarchist da kuma son zaman lafiya. Ra'ayinsa game da juriya mara tashin hankali, wanda aka bayyana a cikin irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar Mulkin Allah Yana Cikinku (1894), ya yi tasiri sosai a kan manyan mutane na ƙarni na 20 kamar su Mahatma Gandhi da Martin Luther King Jr. Shi ma. ya zama mai ba da shawara na Georgism, falsafar tattalin arziki na Henry George, wanda ya shigar da shi a cikin rubuce-rubucensa, musamman tashin matattu (1899).
Asalin
Tolstoys sanannen dangi ne na tsoffin sarakunan Rasha waɗanda suka samo asalin zuriyarsu ga wani ɗan adam mai suna Indris wanda Pyotr Tolstoy ya kwatanta da isowa "daga Nemec, daga ƙasashen Kaisar" zuwa Chernigov a 1353 tare da 'ya'yansa maza biyu Litvinos (ko Litvonis) da Zimonten (ko Zigmont) da druzhina na mutane 3000. Yayin da aka dade ana amfani da kalmar "Nemec" wajen kwatanta Jamusawa kawai, a wancan lokacin ana amfani da ita ga duk wani baƙon da ba ya jin Rashanci (daga kalmar nemoy ma'ana bebe ). Daga nan aka canza Indris zuwa Orthodoxy na Gabas, a ƙarƙashin sunan Leonty, da 'ya'yansa maza kamar Konstantin da Feodor. An yi wa jikan Konstantin Andrei Kharitonovich laƙabi da Tolstiy (wanda aka fassara a matsayin mai ) ta Vasily II na Moscow bayan ya tashi daga Chernigov zuwa Moscow.
Saboda sunayen arna da kuma gaskiyar cewa Demetrius I Starshy ya mulki Chernigov a lokacin, wasu masu bincike sun kammala cewa su Lithuanians ne waɗanda suka zo daga Grand Duchy na Lithuania. A lokaci guda kuma, ba a taɓa samun ambaton Indris a cikin takaddun ƙarni na 14 zuwa 16 ba, yayin da aka batar da tarihin Chernigov da Pyotr Tolstoy yayi amfani da shi azaman tunani. Mambobin dangin Tolstoy na farko da aka rubuta suma sun rayu a cikin karni na 17, don haka Pyotr Tolstoy da kansa ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa gidan mai daraja, Peter the Great ya ba shi taken kirga.
Shah Jahan
Shi ne da na uku ga Jahangir (r. 1605-1627), Shah Jahan ya shiga yakin neman zabe a kan Rajputs na Mewar da Lodis na Deccan. Bayan mutuwar Jahangir a cikin watan Oktoba 1627, Shah Jahan ya ci nasara kan kaninsa Shahryar Mirza kuma ya nada kansa a matsayin Sarki a sansanin Agra. Baya ga Shahryar, Shah Jahan ya kashe mafi yawan masu da'awar karagar mulki. Ya ba da umarni da yawa abubuwan tarihi, ciki har da Red Fort, Masallacin Shah Jahan da Taj Mahal, inda aka kame matarsa Mumtaz Mahal da ya fi so. A cikin harkokin waje, Shah Jahan ya jagoranci yakin da ake yi da sarakunan Deccan, da rikice-rikicen da Portuguese, da kuma yaje-yake da Safavids, tare da ci gaba da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Daular Ottoman. Ya kuma murkushe tawaye na cikin gida da yawa, kuma ya magance mummunar yunwa Deccan na 1630-32. A watan Satumba na 1657, Shah Jahan yayi fama da rashin lafiya kuma ya nada babban dansa Dara Shikoh a matsayin magajinsa. Wannan nadin ya haifar da rikici tsakanin 'ya'yansa uku, bayan haka dan Shah Jahan na uku Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707) ya zama mai nasara kuma ya zama sarki na shida. Bayan da Shah Jahan ya dawo daga jinya a watan Yuli 1658, Aurangzeb ya daure mahaifinsa a gidan kaso na Agra daga watan Yuli 1658 har zuwa mutuwarsa a cikin watan Janairu 1666. An binne shi kusa da matarsa a Taj Mahal. An san mulkinsa da kawar da manufofin sassaucin ra'ayi da Akbar ya qaddamar. A zamanin Shah Jahan, gungiyoyin farfadowar Musulunci kamar Naqsbandi sun fara tsara manufofin Mughal.
Leo Tolstoy
Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Tolstoy a Yasnaya Polyana, wani yanki na iyali mai 12 km kudu maso yammacin Tula, da 200 km kudu da Moscow. Shi ne na huɗu cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1794-1837), tsohon soja na yakin Patriotic na 1812, da Princess Mariya Tolstaya (née Volkonskaya ; 1790-1830). Mahaifiyarsa ta rasu yana da shekara biyu, mahaifinsa kuma yana da shekara tara. Tolstoy da 'yan uwansa sun girma ta hanyar dangi. A shekara ta 1844, ya fara karatun shari'a da harsunan gabas a Jami'ar Kazan, inda malamai suka bayyana shi a matsayin "wanda ba ya iya kuma ba ya son koyo". Tolstoy ya bar jami'a a tsakiyar karatunsa, ya koma Yasnaya Polyana sannan ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo a Moscow, Tula da Saint Petersburg, yana jagorantar rayuwa mai laushi da jin dadi. Ya fara rubuce-rubuce a wannan lokacin, ciki har da littafinsa na farko Childhood, labarin ƙage na ƙuruciyarsa, wanda aka buga a 1852. A cikin 1851, bayan ya ci bashin caca mai nauyi, ya tafi tare da ɗan'uwansa zuwa Caucasus kuma ya shiga soja. Tolstoy ya yi aiki a matsayin matashin sojan bindigu a lokacin Yaƙin Crimean kuma ya kasance a Sevastopol a lokacin yaƙin Sevastopol na tsawon watanni 11 a 1854–55, gami da Yaƙin Chernaya. A lokacin yakin an san shi da jaruntaka kuma an kara masa girma zuwa laftanar. Ya firgita da yawan mace-macen da aka yi a yaƙi, kuma ya bar soja bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Crimean.
Shah Jahan
Haihuwa da asali
Lokacin da aka haifi Khurram, Akbar yana ganinsa a matsayin alheri ya dage cewa za a taso yarima a gidansa maimakon na Salim don haka aka ba da dshi amana ga Ruqaiya Sultan Begum. Rukayya ta dauki nauyin farko na renon Khurram kuma an san cewa ta taso da Khurram cikin soyayya. Jahangir ya lura a cikin tarihinsa cewa Ruqaiya ta kaunaci dansa Khurram, "wani sau dubu fiye da ya kasance [ɗanta ne]. Duk da haka, bayan mutuwar kakansa Akbar a shekara ta 1605, ya koma wurin kulawar mahaifiyarsa, Jagat Gosain wanda yake kulawa da shi kuma yana kauna sosai. Ko da yake ya rabu da ita tun lokacin da aka haife shi, ya kasance mai sadaukarwa gare ta kuma ya sa a kira ta <i id="mwVg">Hazrat</i> a tarihin kotu.  A kan mutuwar Jagat Gosain a Akbarabad a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu 1619, Jahangir ya rubuta cewa ba shi da dadi kuma yana bakin ciki na kwanaki 21. A tsawon wadannan makonni uku na lokacin makoki, bai halarci taron jama'a ba kuma yana cin abinci mai sauki. Yar uwar sa Mumtaz Mahal ita ce ta kula da rabon abinci ga talakawa a wannan lokacin. Ta jagoranci karatun al-qur'ani a kowace safiya kuma ta bai wa mijinta darussa da dama a kan abin da ya shafi rayuwa da mutuwa kuma ta roke shi da kada ya yi bakin ciki.
Jonathan Yasin
Datuk Jonathan bin Yasin ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar (MP) na Ranau tun watan Mayu 2018. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na II a karo na biyu a cikin gwamnatin Barisan Nasional (BN) a karkashin tsohon Firayim Minista Ismail Sabri Yaakob da tsohon Minista Hamzah Zainuddin daga watan Agusta 2021 zuwa faduwar gwamnatin BN a watan Nuwamba 2022 da kuma karo na farko a gwamnatin Perikatan Nasional (PN) a karkashin tsohuwar Firayim Ministan Muhyiddin Yassin da tsohon Ministan Hamzah daga watan Maris 2020 zuwa fadular gwamnatin PN a watan Agusta 2021. Shi memba ne kai tsaye na hadin gwiwar Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS). Ya shiga jam'iyyar Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), wata jam'iyya ce ta hadin gwiwar PN bayan ya yi murabus daga Jam'iyyar Jama'a ta Jama'a (PKR), wata jamʼiyya ce ta jam'iyyar adawa ta Pakatan Harapan (PH). Daga baya ya yi murabus daga BERSATU amma ya kasance a GRS a matsayin memba kai tsaye.
Babban zaben 2008
A zaben 2008, Jonathan a karkashin jam'iyyarsa ta PKR ya fafata da Siringan Gubat na United Pasokmogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) inda ya sha kaye da gagarumin rinjaye.
Leo Tolstoy
Rayuwa da aiki
An kori shi da sha'awa, Tolstoy ya koma Yasnaya Polyana kuma ya kafa makarantu 13 ga 'ya'yan manoma na Rasha, waɗanda aka 'yantar da su a cikin 1861. Tolstoy ya bayyana ka'idodin makarantun a cikin rubutunsa na 1862 "Makarantar a Yasnaya Polyana". Gwaje-gwajensa na ilimi ba su daɗe ba, wani ɓangare saboda tsangwama daga ’yan sandan sirri na Tsarist. Koyaya, a matsayin jagora kai tsaye zuwa Makarantar Summerhill AS Neill, makarantar a Yasnaya Polyana za a iya da'awar misali na farko na ingantacciyar ka'idar ilimin demokraɗiyya.
Mughal Empire
Daular Mughal wata daula ce ta farkon-zamani wacce ke sarrafa yawancin Kudancin Asiya tsakanin ƙarni na 16 da 19. Kimanin shekaru dari biyu, daular ta taso ne daga bakin kogin Indus a yamma, arewacin Afghanistan a arewa maso yamma, da Kashmir a arewa, zuwa tsaunukan Assam da Bangladesh na yau a gabas, da kuma saman tsaunukan Deccan Plateau a Kudancin Indiya. Daular Mughal an ce an kafa daular Mughal a shekara ta 1526 ta Babur, babban jigo daga abin da ke Uzbekistan a yau, wanda ya yi aiki da taimako daga daulolin Safavid da Ottoman makwabta, don cin nasara kan Sultan na Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, a cikin Yakin farko na Panipat, da kuma share filayen Arewacin Indiya. Tsarin mulkin Mughal, duk da haka, a wani lokaci ana kwanan wata zuwa 1600, ga mulkin jikan Babur, Akbar. Wannan tsarin daular ya ci gaba har zuwa 1720, har zuwa jim kadan bayan mutuwar babban sarki na ƙarshe, Aurangzeb,  wanda a lokacin mulkinsa kuma daular ta sami iyakar iyakarta. Rage daga baya zuwa yankin a ciki da wajen Old Delhi ta 1760, masarautar Burtaniya ta rushe daular bayan Tawayen Indiya na 1857.
Duk da cewa daular Mughal an ƙirƙire ta da kuma dorewar yaƙin soji,   ba ta da ƙarfi da murkushe al'adu da al'ummomin da ta zo mulkin; maimakon haka ya daidaita su kuma ya sanya su ta hanyar sabbin ayyukan gudanarwa,   da masu mulki daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen tsari, daidaitacce, da daidaitacce. Tushen arzikin gama gari na daular shine harajin noma, wanda sarki Mughal na uku, Akbar ya kafa. Waɗannan haraji, waɗanda suka kai fiye da rabin abin da manoman manoma ke fitarwa, ana biya su a cikin kuɗin azurfa da aka tsara sosai,  kuma ya sa manoma da masu sana'a shiga manyan kasuwanni.
Dangantakar zaman lafiya da daular ta samu a yawancin karni na 17 ya kasance wani abu na fadada tattalin arzikin Indiya. Burgeon kasancewar Turai a cikin Tekun Indiya, da karuwar buƙatunsa na ɗanye indiya da gamayya, ya haifar da ƙarin wadata a kotunan Mughal. An sami ƙarin fa'ida a tsakanin manyan Mughal, wanda ya haifar da babban ikon yin zanen, nau'ikan adabi, yadi, da gine-gine, musamman a lokacin mulkin Shah Jahan. Daga cikin wuraren tarihi na Mughal na UNESCO a kudancin Asiya akwai: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Kabarin, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens da Taj Mahal, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "kayan fasahar musulmi a Indiya, kuma daya daga cikin ƙwararrun al'adun duniya waɗanda duniya ke yabawa."
Suna
Masu zamani suna ambaton daular da Babur ya kafa a matsayin Daular Timurid, wanda ke nuna gadon daularsa, kuma wannan shine kalmar da Mughal da kansu suka fi so.
Sunan Mughal na daular nasu shine Gurkani (Persian). Amfani da "Mughal" da "Moghul" sun samo asali ne daga Larabci da Farisa na "Mongol", kuma ya jaddada asalin Mongol na daular Timurid. Kalmar ta sami kuɗi a cikin karni na 19, amma masana kimiyyar Indologists suna jayayya. An yi amfani da irin wannan fassarar daular, game da "Mogul" da "Moghul". Duk da haka, kakannin Babur sun bambanta sosai daga Mongols na gargajiya har zuwa lokacin da suke karkata zuwa Farisa maimakon al'adun Turco-Mongol. Mughals da kansu sun yi iƙirarin zuriya ta ƙarshe daga wanda ya kafa daular Mongol Genghis Khan. Wani suna na daular shine Hindustan, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Ain-i-Akbari, kuma wanda aka bayyana a matsayin mafi kusa da sunan hukuma na daular. A yamma, an yi amfani da kalmar "Mughal" ga sarki, kuma ta hanyar tsawo, daular gaba ɗaya.
Epistemology
Epistemology (/ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi/); daga ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη), ko ka'idar ilimi, shine reshe na falsafar da ke da alaka da ilimi. Epistemology ana daukarsa a matsayin babban reshe na  falsafa, tare da wasu manyan reshina kamar su ɗa'a, dabaru, da metaphysics.
Kabilar Agona
Kabilar Agona yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan dangin Akan takwas.
Totem
Totem na mutanen Agona shine aku don haka bajintar harshe.
Manyan garuruwa
Denkyirahene daga dangin Agona ne.
First City Monument Bank
Tarihi
Cibiyar da aka kafa bankin, City Securities Limited (CSL), an kafa shi ne a cikin 1977 ta Oloye Subomi Balogun, Otunba Tunwashe na Ijebu, dan kabilar Yarbawa na gargajiya. First City Merchant Bank aka kafa a 1982 tare da babban iri daga CSL. An haɗa shi azaman kamfani mai iyaka mai zaman kansa akan 20 Afrilu 1982 kuma ya ba da lasisin banki akan 11 ga Agusta 1983. Shi ne banki na farko da aka kafa a Najeriya ba tare da tallafin gwamnati ko na kasashen waje ba. A shekarar 2001, an canja sunan bankin daga First City Merchant Bank zuwa First City Monument Bank Limited bayan da bankin ya rikide zuwa bankin duniya. An kafa wani sabon reshen, FCMB Capital Markets Limited, don tallafa wa harkokin kasuwancin sa. A ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2004, FCMB ta canza matsayinta daga kamfani mai iyaka mai zaman kansa zuwa kamfani mai iyaka na jama'a kuma an jera shi a kan kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya (NSE) ta gabatarwa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2004.
Credit Direct Limited, wani reshen banki, an kafa shi a cikin 2007.
A sakamakon dokar da babban bankin Najeriya (CBN) ya yi a shekarar 2010, an kafa FCMB Group Plc kuma ta zama kamfani mai rike da kudade ga rassan FCMB kai tsaye.
A cikin Nuwamba 2017, FCMB Group ta sami FCMB Pensions Limited (tsohon Legacy Pension Managers Limited). A cikin Yuli 2021, FCMB Pensions Limited ta sami hannun jarin kashi 60% a AIICO Pension Managers Limited.
Kamfanoni
FCMB Group PLC ta ƙunshi rassa guda tara waɗanda suka haɗa da:
Bankin
A watan Nuwambar 2010, IFC, memba a rukunin Bankin Duniya, ta sanar da zuba jarin dala miliyan 70 a FCMB. A wannan watan ne dai Bankin FinBank da First City Monument Bank (FCMB) suka sanar da cewa FCMB ta nuna sha’awarta na samun hannun jari da kuma zama mai dabarun saka hannun jari a FinBank, wani bankin kasuwanci na Najeriya da ya gaza samun jari.
A watan Fabrairun 2012, bayan amincewar ka'idoji, FCMB ta sami hannun jari 100% kuma ta fara haɗin gwiwar Finbank a cikin ayyukan da yake gudana.
A shekarar 2017, FCMB tana da abokan ciniki miliyan 4.3, da rassa 220, da kuma wani reshen banki a Burtaniya. A shekarar 2021, kwastomomin bankin sun kai kusan miliyan 8.
A watan Oktoban 2020, bankin ya shiga Budaddiyar Bankin Najeriya, wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da shawarar samar da daidaitattun ma'auni na buɗaɗɗen aikace-aikacen shirye-shiryen Interface (API) a cikin yanayin yanayin kuɗin Najeriya.
A cikin 2021, FCMB ta sami lambar yabo mafi kyawun bankin SME a Afirka da kuma mafi kyawun bankin SME a Najeriya a lambar yabo ta yankin Asiya ta Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka.
Kasuwanci mallakar mata
A cikin Maris 2019, FCMB ta ƙaddamar da SheVentures, shirin da ke taimaka wa mata ko kuma masu kula da SMEs samun kudade, horarwa, jagoranci, da kuma hanyar sadarwa. Wadanda suka ci gajiyar tallafin na karbar lamuni tsakanin Naira 500,000 zuwa Naira miliyan 5 kuma ba su biya ruwa ba. Tun daga shekarar 2019, shirin ya taimaka wa mata fiye da 15,000 SMEs.
Matasa
A cikin 2015 FCMB ta ƙaddamar da Flexx, asusun banki wanda ke taimaka wa matasa yin yanke shawara mai kyau na banki. Flexx Hubs bankuna ne ga ɗalibai a cibiyoyin karatu daban-daban a cikin Najeriya ciki har da Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Jihar Legas (MediLag), Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Legas (Lapsotech) da sauransu. A shekarar 2018, bankin ya dauki nauyin daukar nauyin mambobi 1,000 na masu yi wa kasa hidima (NYSC) a cikin shirin samar da kasuwanci da karfafa matasa. A shekarar 2021, FCMB ta hada hannu da gidauniyar WeForGood da Slum Art Foundation don yin aiki tare da yara 200 a unguwar marasa galihu na Ijora-Badia, Legas, inda suke koya musu fasaha da zane-zane.
Makamashi mai sabuntawa
A shekarar 2021, FCMB ta aiwatar da yarjejeniyoyin inganta rance na Naira biliyan 20.9 don tallafawa ayyukan makamashin da ake sabunta su a Najeriya. Bankin ya kuma samar da wani samfuri don masu haɓaka ƙananan grid a ƙarƙashin wani yunƙuri da Bankin Duniya/Hukumar Lantarki na Karkara (REA) ta bayar.
Mallaka
An jera hannun jarin hannun jari na First City Monument Bank a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya, inda suke ciniki a karkashin alamar: FCMB. Cikakken cikakken hannun jari na yanzu a cikin banki, biyo bayan haɗin gwiwa tare da FinBank, ba a samuwa a bainar jama'a.
FCMB Group Plc (FCMB) ta ci gaba da jajircewa wajen kafa ka'idojin gudanar da kamfanoni a matsayin wani bangare na tsarin kamfanoni. Ana ci gaba da tabbatar da bin ka'idojin gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci na babban bankin Najeriya, da kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya da hukumar hada-hadar hannayen jari.
Kwamitin gudanarwa na FCMB Group Plc ya kunshi shugaba da daraktoci tara (manyan daraktoci uku da masu gudanarwa shida wadanda ba na zartarwa ba) daidai da tsarin da ya dace na kasa da kasa, wanda ke bukatar adadin shugabannin da ba na zartarwa ba ya fi na manyan daraktoci. . Akwai rabe-raben ayyuka a tsakanin shugaban kungiyar da shugaban hukumar.
Hukumar na yin taro akai-akai don tsara faffadan manufofi don kasuwanci da ayyukan ƙungiyar, kuma tana tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye haƙiƙa da ƙwararrun alaƙa tare da masu binciken ƙungiyar don haɓaka bayyana gaskiya a cikin rahoton kuɗi da waɗanda ba na kuɗi ba. Ana bayyana abubuwan da suka shafi daraktoci, da kuma bayanan hannun jarinsu, a cikin Rahoton Shekara-shekara da Asusun Ƙungiyar.
Jagoranci
A shekarar 2017, an nada Ladi Balogun shugaban rukunonin kamfanin riko na FCMB, FCMB Group Plc. Ya taba zama Manajan Daraktan FCMB. Karkashin jagorancinsa daga shekarar 2007-2017, bankin ya girma ya zama daya daga cikin manyan bankunan kasuwanci 10 a Najeriya. Balogun yana aiki a hukumar gudanarwar kamfanonin FCMB da dama, ya shugabanci hukumar Credit Direct Limited, sannan ya rike mukamin shugaban kamfanin zuba jari na Tenet da kuma shugaban Legacy Pension Managers Ltd.
A watan Janairun 2021, Yemisi Edun, Babban Darakta na FCMB kuma Babban Jami’in kudi, an nada shi mukaddashin Manajan Darakta bayan Manajan Darakta a lokacin, Adam Nuru, ya sauka daga mukaminsa. A watan Yuli, nadin ya zama a hukumance, wanda ya zama mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar FCMB. Edun ya fara shiga bankin ne a shekara ta 2000 a matsayin shugaban sashen kula da harkokin cikin gida.
Ta yi digirin farko a fannin Chemistry daga Jami’ar Ife, Ile-Ife, sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a fannin Accounting and Finance a Jami’ar Liverpool, United Kingdom. Ita ma'aikaciyar Cibiyar Nazarin Chartered Accountants ta Najeriya ce kuma Tabbatacciyar Manazarcin Kudi, CFA. Ita kuma ƙwararren mai binciken tsarin bayanai ce.
Panafest
Shirin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Pan African wanda aka fi sani da PANAFEST taron al'adu ne da ake gudanarwa a Ghana duk bayan shekaru biyu ga 'yan Afirka da mutanen Afirka.
Tarihi
An fara gudanar da shi ne a shekara ta 1992. Manufar wannan biki ita ce inganta da inganta hadin kai, da hadin kai, da ci gaban nahiyar Afirka, da kuma ci gaban nahiyar Afirka kanta. Ayyukan da ke faruwa a wannan bikin sun hada da wasan kwaikwayo da kuma aiki a fagen wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, kiɗa, waƙa, da dai sauransu. Har ila yau, akwai kallon durbar na sarakuna, da rangadi zuwa wurare daban-daban na sha'awa, kamar gidajen kurkukun bayi.
Ƙarfafawa da manufofi
Marigayi Efua Sutherland ce ta dauki nauyin PANAFEST a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 a matsayin abin al'ada don hada 'yan Afirka a nahiyar da kuma kasashen waje a kan batutuwan da suka shafi bautar da ke ci gaba da dannewa. PANAFEST tana magana ne game da katsewar mafi muni da ta taɓa faruwa a cikin juyin halitta na al'ummomin Afirka, wanda a cikin sauran raunin da ya haifar da rugujewar dogaro da kai da ƴancin cin gashin kan jama'a. Gabar gabar tekun Ghana na cike da abubuwan tunawa da ba a taba mantawa da su ba na fiye da shekaru 500 na wannan zamani mafi muni a tarihin Afirka, wanda a sane aka yi bikin ya zama wuri na tunkarar illolin bauta, da kawar da radadin radadin da ke addabar kasashen waje, tare da amincewa da saura sakamakon cinikin. Nahiyar Afirka da kuma sake haduwa don samar da makoma mai kyau a cikin yanayin duniya na zamani.
Tare da hanyoyin warkarwa, PANAFEST tana murna da ƙarfi da juriya na al'adun Afirka da nasarorin da 'yan Afirka suka samu duk da cinikin bayi na Atlantika da abubuwan da suka biyo baya. An ƙera shi ne don taimaka wa 'yan Afirka su sake haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙarfinsu kuma ta haka ne za a yi musu himma zuwa faɗakarwa na har abada, su sake sadaukar da kansu don ɗaukar cikakken mulkin mulkin makomarsu don fahimtar darussan tarihi. Akwai ci gaba cikin gaggawa a yau wanda ke sa wannan shirin na Ghana mai alfahari ya zama muhimmin dandali mai dacewa wanda ke baiwa membobin dangin Afirka damar yin cudanya da juna cikin sadarwa kai tsaye. Daga cikin abubuwan da ba su dace ba kamar fataucin bil adama daga nahiyar, da tabarbarewar kwakwalwa, mayar da ‘yan Afirka saniyar ware a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya, da sabon buri na neman albarkatun kasa daga waje da kuma tafiyar hawainiyar hadewar kasashen Afirka. Har ila yau, akwai abubuwa masu kyau da suka haɗa da ba da damar tarurrukan duniya da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da yunƙurin Afirka don kafa kasuwancin ketare, da ƙara ƙima ga ayyukan al'umma, cin gajiyar fasahohi da haɓaka ƙarfin 'yan Afirka a duniya.
PANAFEST da Jihar Ghana
PANAFEST wani lamari ne na kasa da kasa wanda, kamar yadda ya faru tun lokacin da aka sami 'yancin kai a tsakiyar karni na 20, ya sa Ghana ta zama wani karfi mai karfafa gwiwa ga mutanen Afirka. Tun daga shekarar 1992, bikin ya jawo hankalin wakilai na hukuma, daidaikun mutane da kungiyoyi daga kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Kudancin Amurka, da kungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane daga Turai da Amurka. Gwamnatin Ghana ta dauki wannan a matsayin wani babban shiri na kasa kuma tana godiya ga hukumomi, al'ummomi, kungiyoyin farar hula da kungiyoyin kamfanoni wadanda suka tattara kayan aiki don taimakawa kokarin gwamnati a tsawon shekaru. Gwamnatin Ghana ta kuma yi matukar godiya ga dukkanin gwamnatocin 'yan'uwa mata bisa irin gudummuwar da suka bayar da kuma kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka bisa bayar da lamuni ga wannan al'ada ta musamman.
Harin Dalori, 2016
A ranar 30 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2016, aƙalla mutane 86 ne suka mutu sannan wasu aƙalla 62 suka jikkata a wani hari da mayakan Boko Haram suka kai a ƙauyen Dalori mai tazarar kilomita 4 daga birnin Maiduguri a Najeriya. Harin na ramuwar gayya ne ga rundunar haɗin gwiwa ta Civilian Task Force, kuma ya fara ne a lokacin da ƴan bindiga a cikin motoci biyu da babura suka shiga garin na Dalori suka fara harbin mutanen da ke zaune tare da tayar da bama-bamai a bukkokinsu. Wani kiyasi na cewa wataƙila sama da mayakan 100 ne suka kai harin. Harin ta'addancin ya kwashe tsawon kimanin sa'o'i huɗu a lokacin faruwar sa, kuma anyi zargin mayaƙan sun ƙona yara da ransu.
Temako
Sojojin Najeriya dai sun kasa fafatawa da ƴan ta’addan, sai da dakarun da aka ƙaro musu suka kai musu ɗauki, lamarin da ya sa ‘yan Boko Haram suka koma baya. Ƴan ta’addan sun yi ta farautar mutanen ƙauyen da ke gudun hijira, sannan wasu mata uku ‘yan ƙuna baƙin wake sun tarwatsa kansu a cikin mutanen da suka tsere zuwa kauyen Gamori da ke makwabtaka da su.
Alƙaluma
Ba a dai san ainihin adadin waɗanda suka mutu ba, amma an tabbatar da mutuwar mutane akalla 86. An kuma yiwa wasu jikatattu 62 magani akan ƙunar da suka samu a asibitin kwararru na jihar dake Maiduguri. Harin yayi sanadiyyar lalata manyan sassa na ƙauyen Dalori.
Alamar tambaya
An dai ta ɗiga alamar tambayoyi kan yadda Mayaƙan suka kai hari a wani kauye da ke kusa da hedkwatar sojoji da ke Maiduguri, da yadda suka bi ta hanyar da sojoji da ’yan banga suka bi ba tare da tsangwama ba, da kuma yadda suka kai farmakin kauyen na sa’o’i da dama, kafin sojoji su samu nasarar dirar musu gami da iya tarwatsa su.
Kungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Matan Togo
'Kungiyar Kwallon kwando ta mata ta Togo tana wakiltar Togo a wasannin kasa da kasa. Fédération Nationale de Basketball Togo (FTBB) ne ke gudanar da shi.
Leo Segun Ajiborisha
Leo Segun Ajiborisha ya kasance shugaba na farko a jihar Osun a Najeriya bayan an ƙirƙiro ta daga wani ɓangare na jihar Oyo a cikin watan Agustan 1991 a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Ibrahim Babangida.
A cikin watan Afrilun 2008 Hukumar Yaƙi da yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati ta wanke Leo Ajiborisa daga zargin cin hanci da rashawa da ya shafi mallakar wani katafaren mai da wasu kamfanoni biyu na Legas suka yi. A cikin shekara ta 2010 ya kasance shugaban ƙasa kuma shugaban majalisar zartarwa na Cibiyar Gudanar da Dabaru ta Najeriya.
Kevin lee
Kevin Lee Poulsen (an Haife shi Nuwamba 30, 1965) tsohon ɗan Ba'amurke ne mai satar hular baƙar fata kuma edita mai ba da gudummawa a The Daily Beast.
Tarihin Rayuwa An haife shi a Pasadena, California, a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1965.
A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1990, Poulsen ya karɓi duk layukan tarho don gidan rediyon Los Angeles KIIS-FM, yana ba da tabbacin cewa zai zama mai kira na 102nd kuma ya lashe kyautar Porsche 944 S2.
Lokacin da Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya ya fara bin Poulsen, ya shiga karkashin kasa a matsayin mai gudun hijira. Wani kamfanin ajiyar kaya ya share rumbun ajiya da sunan Poulsen saboda rashin biyan kudin haya, inda aka gano kayan aikin kwamfuta da aka baiwa hukumar FBI domin shaida. Lokacin da aka nuna shi akan Sirrin da ba a warware ba na NBC, layukan tarho na 1-800 na nunin sun fado a asirce. An kama Poulsen a cikin Afrilu 1991 bayan wani bincike da John McClurg ya jagoranta.
A cikin watan Yuni 1994, Poulsen ya amsa laifuka guda bakwai na hada baki, zamba, da sauraron waya. An yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari na tarayya sannan kuma an hana shi amfani da kwamfuta ko intanet na tsawon shekaru uku bayan an sake shi. Shi ne Ba’amurke na farko da aka sake shi daga gidan yari tare da hukuncin da kotu ta yanke masa wanda ya haramta masa amfani da kwamfutoci da yanar gizo bayan da aka yanke masa hukuncin dauri. Ko da yake an yanke wa Chris Lamprecht hukunci da farko tare da dakatar da intanet a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1995, an sake Poulsen daga kurkuku kafin Lamprecht kuma ya fara yanke hukuncin dakatar da shi a baya. (Jami'in afuwar Poulsen daga baya ya ba shi damar yin amfani da Intanet a cikin 2004, tare da wasu ƙuntatawa na sa ido)
MANAZARTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Poulsen
Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki Da Yancin Jama'a
Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Jama'a (CESR) ƙungiya ce ta haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya wacce ke aiki da farko azaman bincike da ba da agaji ba game da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a.
HiCESR tana alfahari da neman "adalci na zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar 'yancin dan adam" ta hanyar gudanar da ayyukan kare hakkin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma tare da hadin gwiwar wasu kungiyoyin kasa da na duniya da kuma masu rajin kare hakkin dan adam na cikin gida da masu fafutuka a kasashen aiki. Kungiyar ta mai da hankali kan ayyukanta musamman kan batutuwan ilimi, kiwon lafiya, abinci da ruwa, gidaje, haƙƙoƙi a cikin rikici, talauci, da rashin daidaito. Kungiyar tana aiki a cikin ƙasashe 30 da suka bazu a duk nahiyoyi. Don tabbatar da bin ka'idoji na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa, CESR tana amfani da tsarin tsaka-tsakin doka da nazarin tattalin arziki don bayar da shawarwari kan batutuwa da sa ido, tonawa da ɗaukar gwamnatoci game da take hakki baya ga samar da albarkatu da takaddun doka don yin hakan.
Manufa ta hukuma ta CESR ita ce "yin aiki don amincewa da aiwatar da haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma a matsayin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don inganta adalci da zamantakewar ɗan adam."
Tushen Kungiya
CESR tana kula da kwamitin gudanarwa na duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi jagoranci daga Afirka ta Kudu, Amurka, Colombia, Japan, Bangladesh, Sweden, da Ostiraliya.
Tarihin kungiya
An kafa CESR a cikin shekarata alif 1993, na Roger Normand, Sarah Zaidi da Chris Jochnick. Ita ce kungiya ta farko da aka kirkira don mai da hankali kacokam kan hakkin tattalin arziki, kuma zamantakewa da al'adu. An kafa CESR ne da nufin dawo da al'umman kare hakkin dan adam ga asalin ta a cikin imani da dogaro da dukkan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da aka kafa a cikin sanarwar duniya game da haƙƙin ɗan Adam da aka kafa a shekarata alif 1948. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a tsakiyar manyan take hakki da ƙin yarda da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma a duniya waɗanda aka ba da kulawa da gaggawa ba kaɗan da na haƙƙin jama'a da siyasa. Kungiyar ta ci gaba da aiwatar da wannan hangen nesan tun lokacin da aka kirkireshi duk da haka ta kirkiro dabarun ta don daidaitawa da haduwa da sauye-sauye iri-iri da juyin halitta a fagen hakkin dan adam da kuma lamuran duniya gaba daya.
A cikin shekarun daga 1993 zuwa 1996, CESR yafi mai da hankali kan bincike da ayyukan bayar da shawarwari don tabbatar da mahimmancin haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma kuma ya shirya jerin tattaunawa da bitoci tare da haƙƙin ɗan adam, ci gaba da ƙungiyoyin adalci na zamantakewar jama'a don ƙalubalantar batutuwan da suka shafi batun 'yancin dan adam bai kasance ginshiki da daidaito na tsarin kare hakkin dan adam ba. Kungiyar ta kuma kaddamar da wani aiki kan kiwon lafiya da muhalli a kasar Ekwado. Tsakanin shekarata alif 1997 da Kuma shekaran 2000, CESR ya kafa da ƙarfafa ayyukan a Amurka, Latin Amurka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wannan ma wani muhimmin lokaci ne na ƙarfafa ƙungiyar kanta ta hanyar sadarwar da ta wuce gona da iri, tuntuba da haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi da yawa na cikin gida da manyan ƙungiyoyi kamar Amnesty International, CARE, Oxfam International, da dai sauransu.
Daga shekarata alif 1998 zuwa shekarar 2004, CESR ya faɗaɗa ayyukanta da yankunan ayyukan. Hakanan ya fadada ayyukanta ba wai kawai bincike da bayar da shawarwari ba game da hakkokin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma amma har ma da aiwatar da dabarun raba dabaru da shawarwari da ayyukan ci gaban hadin kai. Amma duk da haka, wataƙila mafi mahimmancin canjin ƙungiyar ya faru tsakanin shekarar 2004 da shekarata 2008. A shekara ta 2004, Eitan Felner ya zama sabon babban darakta na CESR kuma ya fara aiwatar da jerin dabarun sa ido kan haƙƙin ƙungiyar don amfani da koya wa wasu don kawo ƙarin canje-canje na ƙwarai. CESR kuma ta taƙaita ayyukanta don mai da hankali kan ƙarin takamaiman ayyukan ƙasar. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2008, Eitan Felner ya sauka daga matsayin babban darakta kuma an maye gurbinsa da Ignacio Saiz, babban darakta na yanzu, a shekarar 2009. CESR a halin yanzu yana da hedkwata a cikin New York.
Dokar Duniya
An kafa kuma an amince da shi a shekarata alif 1948, Sanarwar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) ta ce "Dukkan 'yan adam an haife su da' yanci kuma suna da mutunci da hakkoki daidai." UDHR, Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa (ICCPR) da yarjeniyoyinta biyu na zabi, da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR) da kuma hanyoyin ladabtar da ke bijiro da ita sun samar da abin da aka sani da Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya. Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki da Al'adu an zartar da ita a ranar 16 ga Disamba, a shekarata alif 1966 kuma ta fara aiki a shekara ta alif 1976. Kwamitin Kula da Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (CESCR) ne ke lura da aiwatar da shi da kuma bibiyar sa, kungiyar kwararru ta duniya goma sha takwas da aka kafa a shekara ta alif 1985 kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki ko ECOSOC ta tsara.
Juyin Halitta da Ingancin Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa
'Yancin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a ana daukar su ne na biyu na hakkoki a bayan hakkokin jama'a da siyasa. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga, haƙƙin yin aiki, yanayi mai kyau da dacewa na aiki, da 'yancin kafa da shiga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, da ' yancin samun cikakken yanayin rayuwa, da haƙƙin abinci, da isasshen gidaje, lafiya da ilimi. Masana da yawa suna jayayya da cewa haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar asali ya fara samo asali ne daga cikin masana'antar ƙasashe da haɓaka rukunin ma'aikata waɗanda suka fara tattarawa da neman haƙƙin ma'aikaci. Matsalar tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a da fitarwa sun ci gaba da bunƙasa kuma sun bayyana a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya da na II, Yakin Cacar Baki, Babban Tashin Hankali da mahimmancin yau, tare da faɗaɗa jari-hujja da ci gaba, galibi na ƙasashe "na uku duniya".
Koda yake UDHR na shekara ta alif 1948 ya haɗa da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a a cikin Labarai na 22-27, haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da siyasa shi ne babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ga takaddar. An ba da shawarar cewa wannan rashin wakilcin na asali a cikin UDHR ya samo asali ne daga rashin yarda da juna kan abin da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a yake, da kasancewar su duniya baki ɗaya da kuma ingancinsu a dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. Kirkirar Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya kuma gamu da suka mai yawa game da aiwatar da wadannan hakkoki a cikin dokokin duniya. Na farko, masu sukar sunyi jayayya, kuma wasu har yanzu suna nan, cewa haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a ba zai iya ba kuma bai kamata a saka su cikin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ba saboda baza su iya kimantawa da kotu ba. Na biyu, masu sukar sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a yana fama da rashin ikon aiwatarwa kai tsaye. A ƙarshe, masu sukar suna jayayya cewa sabanin haƙƙin jama'a da na siyasa wanda za a iya samar da shi cikin sauƙi, haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a yana buƙatar aiki mai fa'ida sosai tare da albarkatu da lokaci. Duk da haka, kodayake bahasin akan ingancin haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a yana nan, kasancewar da matsayin haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a a cikin dokokin ƙasa an ƙarfafa shi kuma babu shakku. Yanzu an dage sosai a cikin dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya, kodayake ba koyaushe jihohi ke aiwatar da shi a aikace ba, cewa haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu ba zai iya rarrabuwa ba daga haƙƙin ɗan adam da na siyasa wanda ba za a iya cin wani haƙƙi ba tare da sauran ba. Mafi mahimmanci, duniya za ta ci gaba ne kawai da shiga cikin zamanin dunkulewar duniya da ci gaba wanda zai sanya haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a a gaba ga dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa.
Guatemala
Daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan da CESR ta ɗauka a Latin Amurka shine batun Guatemala Kodayake Guatemala ƙasa ce mai matsakaicin samun kuɗi amma tana da wasu alamomi mafi munin alamomi da rabon arzikin ƙasa a Latin Amurka. Duk da cewa akwai albarkatun kasa sama da sauran kasashen yankin, amma an samu ci gaba ta fuskar tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma kuma nasarar da aka samu ba ta da yawa. Ta hanyar bincike da bincike, CESR ta tabbatar da cewa manufofin kasafin kudin jihar ne suka zama sanadiyar tursasawa wajen karyatawa da take hakkokin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a kasar. CESR ta nemi sauƙaƙawa da haɓaka canje-canje a Guatemala ta hanyar fallasa matsaloli tare da manufofin kasafin kuɗin jihar da sanya haƙƙin ɗan Adam wani ɓangare na muhawara da sake fasalin kasafin kuɗi da haraji na ƙasashe. Kamar yadda yake na CESR, ƙungiyar ta haɗu tare da ƙungiyar masu tunani na gida na manufofin kuɗi da aka sani da Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Fiscales da kuma tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin ba da shawarwari na cikin gida na batutuwa daban-daban ciki har da kiwon lafiya, ilimi, haƙƙin ɗan adam, ci gaba, da sauransu.
Baya ga kawo 'yancin ɗan adam cikin tattaunawa na kasafin kuɗi da sake fasalin haraji da kuma neman jajircewar gwamnati kan kashe kuɗin zamantakewar jama'a a fannoni kamar kiwon lafiyar mata, rashin abinci mai gina jiki na yara da rashin daidaito tsakanin ƙabilu da ƙauyuka / birane, CESR ta kuma bayyana manufofinta na ba da shawara a hukumance kamar haka
CESR gabaɗaya ta iya shafar manufofin kasafin kuɗin a shekarata 2010 na Guatemala ta hanyar dabarunta da ƙoƙarinta kuma ta sami gwamnati da mai ba da gudummawa ga haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a, aiwatarwa da bin wannan alƙawarin zai zama da wahala a nan gaba musamman kamar yadda CESR ta fuskanci iyakoki da yawa ƙalubale sosai a cikin rashin ilimi da damuwa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam daga masu tsara manufofi da ƙalubalen haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, CESR da aka inganta duk da haka bai karfafa ikon sa ido da ikon jihar da sauran kungiyoyi don 'yancin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma ba kuma ya sami damar samun kananan ci gaba ne kawai a kafafen yada labarai da maganganun kasuwanci da kuma matsa lamba don ba da lissafi a cikin bita na duniya.
Duniya
Ta Project Equality Equality Project ko WEEP ta fara ne daga Sarah Zaidi na CESR tare da haɗin gwiwar Leilani Farha na Center for Equality Rights in Accommodation da Shelagh Day of National Association of Women and the Law kuma yanzu yana cikin ɓangare na kungiyar Mata masu Aiki. Yana neman yin aiki fiye da tsaka tsaki tsakanin jinsi da nazari da kuma fallasa hanyoyin da za a ba mata damar tattalin arziki da zamantakewar su a kujerar baya ga 'yancin jama'a da siyasa. Don yin hakan, fahimtar larurorin farko da mata ke fuskanta na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da haƙƙin al'adu ya buƙaci a kafa don yin aiki don aiwatar da haƙƙoƙin tabbatacce, ba kawai tsaka tsaki tsakanin maza da mata ba, wanda zai magance ɗumbin rashin daidaito mata da talauci idan aka kwatanta ga maza. Shirin na da nufin mayar da al'amuran mata wani bangare ne na manufofin kasa da na duniya, musamman a zamanin dunkulewar duniya inda aka ce shirin samar da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki zai haifar da amfani da mata.