cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
82. ^ Oltermann, Philip. "Mario Götze: the 'once in a century talent' who is now fighting to save his career". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
83. ^ Röckenhaus, Freddie. "Mario Götzes Körper muss neu justiert werden". Sud Deutsche Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 21 March 2017.
84. ^ a b "Mario Götze". kicker.de (in German). Retrieved 2 October 2016.
85. ^ "Mario Gotze makes Borussia Dortmund playing return after metabolic illness". ESPN FC. 15 July 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
86. ^ Ridge, Patric (20 August 2017). "Wolfsburg 0 Borussia Dortmund 3: Pulisic shines as Bosz makes ideal start". Goal.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
87. ^ "Bosz lauds 'special' Gotze after star's return".
FourFourTwo. 20 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
89. ^ "Hoffenheim produce magnificent comeback to stun leaders Borussia Dortmund". Bundesliga. 9 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
90. ^ "Paco Alcacer, Jadon Sancho, Julian Brandt and Marco Reus inspire Borussia Dortmund to an opening-day triumph". Bundesliga. 17 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
91. ^ "Borussia Dortmund: 'Gotze is leaving' ". Football Italia. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
93. ^ "BVB bid farewell to Mario Götze". Borussia Dortmund. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
94. ^ "PSV sign Mario Götze". PSV Eindhoven. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
Rock-a-Mambo
Orchester Rock-a-Mambo ƙungiya ce ta jazz ta Afirka daga Brazzaville a shekarar 1950s. Ƙungiyar studio ce ta ɗakin kiɗan Esengo.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
95. ^ "Mario Götze Caps PSV Debut With Opening Goal". PSV. 18 October 2020.
96. ^ "Zahavi nets a hat-trick as PSV rout Galatasaray". Football Oranje. 21 July 2021.
Rock-a-Mambo
An sake gina ta a cikin shekarar 1963 a ƙarƙashin tsohon memba Philippe "Rossignol" Lando. Wannan juzu'in, wanda ya kasance har zuwa 1970s, ya kasance kushin ƙaddamarwa ga matasa mawaƙa ciki har da Bopol, Wuta Mayi, Camille "Checain" Lola, da Henriette Borauzima.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
97. ^ a b "Madueke: Nigeria prospect's brace powers PSV past 10-man Ajax in Dutch Super Cup". Goal. 7 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
98. ^ "Mario Götze signs contract extension with PSV". PSV Eindhoven. 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
99. ^ "Schweden – Deutschland" (in German). kicker.de. 17 November 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
Rock-a-Mambo
Ƙungiyar sau da yawa tana haɗuwa da mawaƙa daga ƙungiyar Jazz ta Afirka kuma a wasu lokuta suna yin faifai a ƙarƙashin taken "" African Rock".
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
100. ^ "Goldene Aussichten: Mit 18 schon Meister und Nationalspieler" (in German). dfb.de. 25 May 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
Rock-a-Mambo
Sunan band wani lamuni ne tare da kalmar Kongolese rocamambu "wanda ke neman matsaloli". A cikin tatsuniyar jama'a ta Kongolese, Rocamambu wani nau'in prodigal son, wanda ya gudu daga gida ya dawo ya zama mai arziki.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
102. ^ "Euro 2012: Germany's Joachim Löw names his 23-man squad". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
Kwamitin zabar muhalli da abinci.
2020 don gabatarwa
A ranar 28 ga Janairu shekarata, 2020, an tabbatar da Neil Parish a matsayin zababben Shugaban Kwamitin. A ranar 2 ga Maris, shekarata 2020, an nada membobi masu zuwa:
2017 zuwa 2019
A ranar 12 ga Yuli shekarata 2017, an zaɓi Neil Parish a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin. A ranar 7 ga Satumba, shekarata 2017, an nada membobi masu zuwa:
Canje-canje
Lokaci-lokaci, Majalisar Wakilai ta ba da umarnin a yi canje-canje dangane da zama membobin zaɓaɓɓun kwamitocin, kamar yadda kwamitin zaɓi ya gabatar. Ana nuna irin waɗannan canje-canje a ƙasa.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
104. ^ "Germany World Cup 2014 squad". The Telegraph. 2 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
105. ^ "Germany 4–0 Portugal". BBC. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
106. ^ "Germany vs Ghana". BBC. 22 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
107. ^ Smith, Ben (26 June 2014). "USA 0–1 Germany". BBC Sport. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
108. ^ Ornstein, David (1 July 2014). "Germany 2–1 Algeria". BBC Sport. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
109. ^ Ornstein, David (4 July 2014). "France 0–1 Germany". BBC Sport. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
110. ^ McNulty, Phil (8 July 2014). "Brazil 1–7 Germany". BBC Sport. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Ayman Cherkaoui
Ayman Cherkaoui, masanin shari'a ne na ƙasa da ƙasa a dokar sauyin yanayi, Babban Darakta na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Yarjejeniyar Duniya a Maroko, da kuma Jagora don Canjin Yanayi a Cibiyar Dokokin Ci Gaban Ɗorewa ta Duniya a Montreal Quebec, Kanada. Cherkaoui a cikin shekarar 2017 an naɗa shi zuwa Shirin Shugabanni masu tasowa a Cibiyar Siyasa don Sabuwar Kudu, kuma a cikin shekarar 2018 an kira shi ga Shugabannin Gidauniyar Obama : Shirin Afirka ..
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
112. ^ Raish, Dave (13 July 2014). "Götze volley gives Germany their fourth World Cup title". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Ayman Cherkaoui
Ilimi
Cherkaoui ya kammala karatun digirinsa na farko da na digiri a Montreal yana samun Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering a Jami'ar McGill, da Bachelor of Laws daga Université de Montréal Faculty of Law. Cherkaoui kuma daga baya ya sami Jagoran Kimiyya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin EMLYON a Lyon, Faransa. Bugu da ƙari, Cherkaoui ya kammala takardar shaidar daidaitawa daga Jami'ar Oxford, da Takaddun Gudanar da Ɗorewar Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Cambridge.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
113. ^ "Germany 1–0 Argentina". BBC. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
114. ^ "Numbers Game: All the stats from Germany's fourth World Cup triumph". Firstpost. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Ayman Cherkaoui
Ɓangaren Aiki
Cherkaoui ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman a kan sauyin yanayi da tattaunawa ga ministan muhalli na ƙasar Morocco, mai ba da shawara na musamman ga hukumar UNFCCC COP22, da kuma kwararre kan sauyin yanayi tare da Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). A baya can, Cherkaoui ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga VALYANS Consulting, Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya, da Air Liquide.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
115. ^ "Awards". FIFA. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
Ayman Cherkaoui
Ɓangaren Aiki
Ayyukansa sun mayar da hankali a kan shawarwarin fasaha a ƙarƙashin UNFCCC da sabbin abubuwa na doka don tallafawa daidaitawa da ragewa a cikin ƙasashe masu rauni.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
116. ^ ESPN staff (19 June 2016). "Germany's Mario Gotze shrugs off pundit criticism after Euro struggles". ESPN. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
117. ^ "Mario Gotze misses out on Germany's provisional squad". BBC Sport. 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
118. ^ "Gotze pleased with false nine spot".
Soccerway. 23 March 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
119. ^ "Matthias Sammer Praises Borussia Dortmund's German Wunderkind Mario Goetze". goal.com. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
Ayman Cherkaoui
Labarai
Cherkaoui ya ba da gudummawa ga adadin labaran masana da rahotannin fasaha.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
120. ^ "Beckenbauer: Gotze is Germany's Messi". FIFA. 7 August 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
122. ^ Kohout, Tito (19 July 2020). "Report: Fiorentina interested in Mario Götze". Viola Nation. Retrieved 20 July 2020. "While [Götze] doesn’t have much pace left, he’s devastating with the ball at his feet and still has the technique and vision that made him one of the world’s best attackers in his prime."
123. ^ "Die Geschichte eines Wunderkindes Mario Götze". Rheinische Post (in German). 6 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
124. ^ "Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Götze" (in German). e-technik.uni-dortmund.de. 13 July 2011. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved
Gidan tarihi na kasar Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango
Gidan tarihi na kasa na Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango (Faransanci: Musée national de la République démocratique du Congo ) ko MNRDC gidan tarihi ne na tarihin al'adun kabilu masu yawa da kuma lokutan tarihi na Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango a Kinshasa babban birnin kasar. Wakilan Jamhuriyar Koriya sun mika shi ga gwamnatin Kongo a hukumance a watan Yunin 2019.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
14 July 2014.
125. ^ Hoß, Dieter (11 August 2011). "Der 'kleine Gott' des deutschen Fußballs". Stern (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2011.
Gidan tarihi na kasar Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango
Shugaban DR Congo, Félix Tshisekedi ya buɗe wa jama'a gidan tarihin a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba 2019. Yayin da yake ishara da buƙatun neman maido da kayayyakin tarihi na Afirka daga gidajen tarihi a Turai, Tshisekedi ya ce: “Muna goyon bayan dawo da al’adun gargajiyar da aka warwatse, musamman a Belgium. Tunanin yana nan, amma yana bukatar a yi shi a hankali. Tabbas gadon Kongo ne, wata rana zai zama dole a dawo da wannan gadon, amma dole ne a yi shi cikin tsari. Yana buƙatar hanya don kulawa. Wani abu shi ne a nemi a dawo da su, wani kuma shi ne kiyaye shi.”
Ciwon Nephrotic
Ciwon Nephrotic tarin alamomi ne saboda lalacewar koda. Wannan ya haɗa da furotin a cikin fitsari, ƙananan matakan albumin na jini, yawan lipids na jini, da kumburi mai mahimmanci. Sauran alamomin na iya haɗawa da ƙara nauyi, jin gajiya, da fitsarin kumfa. Matsalolin na iya haɗawa da gudan jini, cututtuka, da hawan jini.
Yunusa Abubakar
Yunusa Abubakar ɗan siyasa ne mai wakiltar mazabar Yamaltu-Deba a majalisar wakilan Najeriya.
Ciwon Nephrotic
Ana yin magani bisa tushen dalilin. Sauran ƙoƙarin sun haɗa da sarrafa hawan jini, hawan cholesterol na jini, da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Ana ba da shawarar ƙarancin abinci mai ƙarancin gishiri da ƙarancin ruwa. Kimanin kashi 5 cikin 100,000 na mutanen da abin ya shafa a kowace shekara. Dalili na yau da kullun ya bambanta tsakanin yara da manya.
Harin Kano, 2014
Harin bam a Kano a shekarar 2014 wani harin ta'addanci ne da aka kai ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, 2014, a babban masallacin Juma'a na Kano, birni mafi girma a Arewacin Najeriya musamman Musulmi a lokacin da 'yan ta'addar Islama ke tada zaune tsaye a Najeriya. Masallacin yana kusa da fadar Sarkin Kano Muhammad Sanusi II, babban malamin addinin Musulunci na biyu a Najeriya, wanda ya bukaci jama'a da su kare kansu ta hanyar ɗaukar makamai domin yakar 'yan Boko Haram. Wasu ‘yan kuna bakin wake biyu ne suka tarwatsa kansu inda ‘yan bindiga suka bude wuta kan waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tserewa. Kimanin mutane 120 ne suka mutu sannan wasu 260 suka jikkata.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
128. ^ "Mario Götze und Ann-Kathrin Brömmel haben geheiratet". spiegel.de (in German). 7 May 2018.
129. ^ "Ann-Kathrin Götze & Co.: Diese Stars brachten ein Sommer-Baby 2020 zur Welt". rtl.de (in German). 31 July 2020.
130. ^ Moore-Bridger, Benedict; Bryant, Miranda (14 July 2014). "Mario Gotze: the story behind Germany's 'miracle boy' after his stunning World Cup-winning goal". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
131. ^ Hinrichs, Miriam (26 June 2014). "Ich danke Gott!" (in German). jesus.ch. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
132. ^ "Götze dankt Gott bei Facebook". Bild (in German). 26 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
133. ^ Sarmah, Bhargab (28 February 2017). "Borussia Dortmund's Mario Goetze Sidelined From Football Indefinitely". NDTVSports.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
134. ^ "Mario Götze remains sidelined, metabolic disturbances diagnosed". bvb.de. 27 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
135. ^ "Borussia Dortmund's Mario Gotze lands €15m endorsement deal with Nike – report". Goal.com. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
136. ^ "Nike GS2 Football Boots". FootballBoots.co.uk. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
137. ^ "Andres Iniesta and Mario Gotze star in Nike's magista boots vine videos". LiveSoccerTV.com. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
"Samsung's Video Campaign Pits Earth's Soccer Stars vs. Aliens". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
139. ^ Pereira, Chris (5 August 2014). "FIFA 15's Cover Has Messi, and Now PES 2015 Has Mario Gotze". gamespot.com. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
140. ^ "Götze, Mario". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
Marcela Mišúnová
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin hunturu na 1992, ta sami lambar azurfa a Super-G LW5/7,6/8, da lambar tagulla a cikin Slalom na Mata LW5/7,6/8. Ta fafata a Gasar Mata Slalom LW5/7,6/8 da ta kare a matsayi na biyar, da Mata Downhill LW5/7,6/8 ta zo ta bakwai.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
141. ^ a b c "M. Götze". Soccerway. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
Marcela Mišúnová
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1994, ta sami lambar tagulla a cikin Slalom na Mata LW6/8. Ta fafata a Gasar Mata Slalom LW6/8 da ta zo ta hudu, Super-G LW6/8 ta mata ta zo ta biyar, sannan ta Mata Downhill LW6/8 ta zo ta shida.
Harin Kano, 2014
Wai-wa-ye
A ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba, wasu mata biyu ‘yan kunar baƙin wake sun kashe sama da mutane 45 a wata kasuwa mai cunkoson jama’a a Maiduguri, jihar Borno. A ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, kusan mutane 50 ne mayakan Boko Haram suka kashe a Damasak.￼￼ An kuma daƙile wani harin bam a kusa da wani masallaci a Maiduguri sa'o'i kafin tashin bam a Kano. An saka wani bam a gefen hanya, wanda ake zargin an dakatar da fashewar sa.
Marcela Mišúnová
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin bazara na 1996, ta yi gasa a Javelin na Mata F42-44/46 ta ƙare ta huɗu, da Shot ɗin mata ta saka F42-44/46 ta ƙare ta tara.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
142. ^ Gartenschläger, Lars (6 June 2013). "Khedira, Özil, Neuer – Aufstieg der Euro-Helden". Die Welt (in German). Retrieved 17 July 2014.
Marcela Mišúnová
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 1998 a Nagano, ta fafata a gasar Super-G ta Mata ta LW3,4,5/7,6/8 ta gama tara, Slalom na mata LW3,4,5/7,6/8, da Giant na mata Slalom LW3,4 ,5/7,6/8.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
143. ^ "FIFA Ballon d'Or 2014 – voting results" (PDF).
Marcela Mišúnová
Aiki
A wasannin nakasassu na lokacin bazara na 2000, ta fafata a gasar mata Javelin F46, ta kare a matsayi na shida.
Harin Kano, 2014
Tashin bam
Harin ya faru ne a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamban 2014 a lokacin da ake gudanar da Sallar Juma'a. An tayar da bama-bamai uku a lokacin da aka fara Sallah. A cewar wani ganau, wasu bama-bamai biyu sun tashi ne a tsakar gidan, yayin da na ukun ya kasance a kan wata hanya da ke kusa. Wani ganau ya ce, “Limamin yana shirin fara sallah sai ya hango wani a cikin mota yana ƙoƙarin tilastawa kansa shiga masallaci. Amma da mutane suka tsayar da shi, sai ya tayar da bama-baman. Mutane suka fara gudu." Bayan fashe-fashen ne wasu ‘yan bindiga suka buɗe wuta akan mutane. A cewar kakakin rundunar ‘yan sandan ƙasar, Emmanuel Ojukwu, fusatattun ’yan bindiga sun kashe ‘yan bindiga huɗu bayan harbe-harbe.
Rana Al Mokdad
Rana Radwan Al Mokdad ( رنا رضوان المقداد ; an haife ta a 18 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1998) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Lebanon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar SAS ta  Lebanon da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Lebanon.
Marcela Mišúnová
Aiki
Ta fafata a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta IPC a shekarar 1998, a Birmingham, inda ta samu lambar tagulla a gasar mata Javelin F46, da kuma a cikin Shot Put F46 na mata.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
144. ^ "UEFA European Under-17 Championship Golden Player".
Ciwon Gilbert
Ciwon Gilbert (GS) wani yanayi ne mai laushi da aka gada wanda yawanci ba ya haifar da lahani. Gabaɗaya babu alamun bayyanar. Wani lokaci launin rawaya kaɗan na fata ko fararen idanu na iya faruwa, musamman a lokacin kowace irin rashin lafiya. Da wuya, akwai yuwuwar gajiya, rauni, da ciwon ciki. Sau da yawa ba a lura da shi har zuwa ƙarshen ƙuruciya zuwa farkon girma.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
145. ^ "Team of the tournament UEFA European Under-17 Championship".
Ciwon Gilbert
A cikin ciwon Gilbert, hanta ba ta sarrafa bilirubin yadda ya kamata. Ya faru ne saboda maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar UGT1A1 wanda ke haifar da raguwar ayyukan bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzyme. Yawanci ana gadonsa a cikin tsarin koma baya na autosomal kuma lokaci-lokaci a cikin mafi girman tsarin da ya danganta da nau'in maye gurbi. Abubuwan jaundice na iya haifar da damuwa kamar motsa jiki, haila, ko rashin ci. Bincike ya dogara ne akan mafi girman matakan bilirubin da ba a haɗa su a cikin jini ba tare da ko dai alamun wasu matsalolin hanta ko rushewar kwayar jini ba.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
146. ^ a b "Ausgezeichnet! Diese Jungstars holten Gold". kicker.de (in German). Retrieved 18 July 2014.
Harin Kano, 2014
Bayan haka
Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa, bisa buƙatar taimako daga Najeriya, Birtaniya na duba yiwuwar aikewa da masu horar da sojoji domin taimakawa sojojin Najeriya wajen daƙile hare-haren ta'addancin ƴan Boko Haram.
Yunusa Abubakar
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati da ke Kaltungo, Jihar Gombe, kuma ya samu shaidar kammala karatun sa a shekarar 1977. Ya ci gaba da zuwa Kwalejin ilimi wato Polytechnic, inda ya sami HND a fannin injiniyan lantarki a shekarar 1990.
Ciwon Gilbert
Yawanci ba a buƙatar magani. Idan jaundice yana da mahimmanci, ana iya amfani da phenobarbital. Ciwon Gilbert yana shafar 2 zuwa 7% na mutane. 5 zuwa 15% na mutanen da abin ya shafa suna da tarihin iyali na jaundice. Maza sun fi gano cutar fiye da mata. An fara kwatanta yanayin a cikin 1901 ta Augustin Nicolas Gilbert.
Gidan kayan tarihi na Mallawi
Gidan kayan tarihi na Malawi wani gidan kayan gargajiya ne na kayan tarihi na Masar a cikin Mallawi, Minya Governorate, Upper Egypt.
Yunusa Abubakar
Siyasa
A shekarar 2002 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Ɗann Majalisar Dokokin jihar Gombe mai wakiltar Yamaltu-Deba daga 2000 zuwa 2003. An zabe shi a shekarar 2015 don zama wakilin Majalisar Tarayya mai wakiltar mazabar Yamaltu-Deba a jam’iyyar APC.
Rana Al Mokdad
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An kira Al Mokdad don wakiltar Lebanon a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na WAFF ta shekarar 2022,  ta taimaka wa gefenta ya zo na biyu.
Gidan kayan tarihi na Mallawi
An kafa gidan kayan gargajiyan a cikin shekarar 1963 don gano abubuwan da aka samo daga abubuwan tono na gida kuma an gudanar da wani muhimmin tarin kayan tarihi na Masarawa har sai da aka sace shi a cikin watan Agusta a shekarar 2013. Sama da guda 1000 ne aka sace ko kuma aka lalata su a cikin wawashewar da a kayi amma an samo kusan rabin wadanda aka kwato.
Mario Gotze
Manazarta
147. ^ Doyle, Mark (5 December 2011). "Borussia Dortmund's Mario Gotze lands 'Golden Boy' award for 2011". goal.com. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
148. ^ "GÖTZE'S WORLD CUP WINNER VOTED GERMANY'S GOAL OF THE YEAR". dfb.de.
German Football Association. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
Rana Al Mokdad
Girmamawa
SAS
Yunusa Abubakar
Manazarta
<references group="" responsive="1">
Julie Girling
Julie McCulloch Girling (an Haife ta 21 Disamba 1956) 'yar siyasar Burtaniya ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) na Kudancin Yammacin Ingila tsakanin 2009 da 2019, kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Renew Party ce tsakanin tsakanin 2019 zuwa 2020.
Tsohuwar 'yar jam'iyyar Consertive ce, an dakatar da ita daga jam'iyyar a shekarar 2017 kuma a watan Fabrairun 2018 ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar jama'ar Turai, yayin da take zama mai cin gashin kanta. Ta goyi bayan Change UK a cikin Afrilu 2019. A watan Mayun 2019, ta yi kira ga masu kada kuri'a da su goyi bayan jam'iyyar Liberal Democrats, kuma a watan Yuni aka nada shi a matsayin shugabar rikon kwarya na Renew Party.
Rayuwa
Girliing ta sami ilimi a Makarantar Grammar County Twickenham, sannan Jami'ar Liverpool ta bi ta inda ta kammala BA a Tarihi da Siyasa a 1979. Aikinta na farko shine wanda ya kammala karatun digiri tare da Ford Motors daga 1979 zuwa 1982. Sannan ta shafe shekaru shida a matsayin mai saye tare da Argos, ta bar a 1988 ta zama manajan tallace-tallace a Dixons. Sannan ta rike irin wannan mukamai tare da Boots da Halfords, wanda ta bari a cikin 1993. Ta kasance mai horarwa mai zaman kanta daga 1995 zuwa 2009.
Siyasa
Girling memba ce ta jam'iyyar Conservative ce mai wakiltar Cotswold daga 1999 zuwa 2009, tana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar daga 2003 zuwa 2006. Ta kuma yi aiki a Majalisar gundumar Gloucestershire daga 2000 zuwa 2009, ta tashi ta zama memba na majalisar ministocin muhalli. Ta sauka daga mukaman shugabancin kananan hukumomi guda biyu a daidai lokacin da ake tunkarar zabukan majalisar Turai na 2009, inda aka zabe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar Turai mai wakiltar Kudu maso yammacin Ingila.
Ita da abokin aikin ta MEP Richard Ashworth an dakatar da su daga Jam'iyyar Conservative kuma an janye bulala a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2017, bayan da dukkansu suka goyi bayan kuri'a a Strasbourg suna bayyana cewa ba a sami isasshen ci gaba ba a tattaunawar Brexit matakin farko don ba da damar tattaunawa ta ci gaba. tsarin ciniki-yarjejeniya na tattaunawa; duk da haka, sun kasance a cikin ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Turai da masu kawo sauyi (ECR). A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2018, duka MEPs sun bar ƙungiyar ECR don shiga ƙungiyar Jama'ar Turai.
A ranar 16 ga watan Afrilun 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Girling da Ashworth da su koma jam'iyyar Change UK. Girling ta ce "tana fatan samun damar yin amfani da kwarewata mai yawa a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar Change UK". Koyaya, a ranar 10 ga Mayu, Girling ta ƙarfafa sauran magoya bayanta a Kudu maso Yamma don kada kuri'a ga Liberal Democrats a zaben majalisar Turai na 2019, tana mai cewa "a fili yake su ne kan gaba a ci gaba da kasancewa jam'iyyar a Kudu maso Yamma". Girling da Change UK daga baya ta bayyana cewa ba ta taɓa zama memba ko ɗaya daga cikin membobinsu ba. Ba ta sake tsayawa takara a 2019 ba.
A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2019 ta zama shugaba na rikion kwarya ga Renew Party.
A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2019, kuma a matsayinta na jagorar Renew, ta kasance daya daga cikin wakilan kananan jam'iyya hudu da suka halarci muhawarar zaben a gidan rediyon LBC gabanin babban zaben 2019; Iain Dale ne ya jagoranci muhawarar.
Girling ta bayyana aniyarta na yin murabus daga matsayinta na jagoranci a watan Yulin 2020. An zabi James Clarke don ya maye gurbin ta a ranar 7 ga Yuli 2020.
Abdullahi Azzam Brigades
08034271012The Abdullah Azzam Brigades ( كتائب عبد الله عزام ), ko al-Qaeda a Lebanon, kungiya ce ta 'yan kishin Islama ta Sunni, kuma reshen al-Qaeda a Lebanon. Kungiyar, wacce ta fara aiki a shekarar 2009, Saudi Saleh Al-Qaraawi ce ta kafa ta kuma tana da hanyoyin sadarwa a kasashe daban-daban, musamman a Masar, Iraki, Siriya, Jordan, zirin Gaza da Lebanon.
Bayan munanan raunukan da Al-Qaraawi ya samu a sakamakon harin da wani jirgin sama mara matuki ya kai a Pakistan, kuma daga karshe mahukuntan Saudiyya sun kama shi bayan komawar sa Saudiyya, Majid al-Majid mai alaka da Saudiyya ne ya karbi jagorancin Brigades Abdullah Azzam. Fatah al-Islam da al-Qaeda. An nada Al-Majid a matsayin jagora kuma sarkin Brigades Abdullah Azzam a watan Yunin 2012, har zuwa lokacin da hukumomin Lebanon suka kama shi a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 2013, kuma daga bisani ya mutu sakamakon ciwon koda a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2014. Sirajuddin Zureiqat ne ya gaje Al-Majid.
Tarihi
Bayan harin da dakarun Ziad al Jarrah Battalion, wani reshen Lebanon na Brigades na Abdullah Azzam Brigades suka kai, an fitar da sanarwar da ke fayyace cewa Brigades na gudanar da ayyukansu fiye da kima. Sanarwar ta ce: [Brgedes Abdullah Azzam] ba su ke da iyaka a kasar Labanon ba amma akwai makasudin da gobararmu za ta kai ga yardar Allah nan gaba... ...da kuma kungiyoyin 'Ziad al-Jarrah' na kasar Labanon wasu ne kawai daga cikin kungiyoyinmu, kuma mun yi gaggawar kirkiro wadannan kungiyoyi tare da sanar da su saboda gaggawar yaki da yahudawa da kuma fifikon shirin a fagen daga. lokaci da wurin, amma sauran kungiyoyin suna wajen Lebanon”.
A wata hira da ya yi da tashar Aljazeera a watan Agustan 2010, wani masani dan kasar Yemen kan harkar Islama ya tabbatar da cewa duk da cewa kungiyoyin da ke amfani da Abdullah Azzam suna da'awar aikata ta'addanci, amma a shekara ta 2009 bayan yakin Gaza ne kungiyar Abdullah Azzam Brigades ta yi ikirarin kai hare-hare. kafa.
Laƙabi
Ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da laƙabi da dama da suka haɗa da:
Sunan dacewa
Wasu kungiyoyi da ba su da alaka sun yi amfani da sunan a matsayin sunan saukakawa a ayyuka da dama da kuma a kasashe daban-daban.
Masar
Tun ma kafin kafa kungiyar a shekarar 2009, wata kungiya mai suna Abdullah Azzam Brigades ta kai munanan hare-hare a shekarar 2004 a harin bam na Sinai da kuma a 2005 a harin bam na Sharm el-Sheikh.
Jordan
A cikin 2005, kuma tun kafin kafa kungiyar a hukumance, sunanta ya bayyana dangane da jerin hare-haren rokoki daga Jordan. An harba rokoki da dama na Katyusha daga cikin yankin Jordan, wasu sun afkawa kusa da filin jirgin sama na Eilat, wasu biyu kuma suka afkawa kusa da wasu jiragen ruwan sojojin ruwan Amurka guda biyu da suka makale a Aqaba, USS Kearsarge (LHD-3), da kuma USS Ashland (LSD-48). Wata kungiya mai alaka da al-Qaeda ta yi ikirarin kai harin. Daya daga cikin rokokin ya afkawa wani asibitin sojojin kasar Jordan, inda ya kashe wani sojan kasar. Ana kallon harin da reshen al-Zarqawi na Al Qaeda ne suka kai harin. Wani mai suna Abdullah Azzam Brigades shi ma ya dauki alhakin hakan.
Pakistan
Wata kungiyar 'yan gwagwarmayar Pakistan da ba a san ta ba, Fedayeen al-Islam, mai alaka da Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, ta dauki alhakin harin bam da aka kai a otal din Pearl Continental a Peshawar, Pakistan. Kakakin kungiyar, Amir Mu'awiya, ya buga waya ga kungiyoyin yada labarai da suka dauki alhakin kai harin, ya kuma yi alkawarin kara kai wasu hare-hare a kan hanya. Ya kara da cewa harin bam din na ramuwar gayya ne ga ayyukan sojojin Pakistan a yankin Swat da Malakand na lardin Arewa maso Yamma da kuma yankunan kabilar Darra Adam Khel da Orakzai Agency Sai dai a ranar 11 ga watan Yunin 2009, wata kungiyar da ba a san ta ba ta kira. da kanta rundunar Abdullah Azzam Shahed Brigade ta dauki alhakin kai harin, inda ta ce harin martani ne ga hare-haren da sojojin Pakistan suka kai kan mayakan Taliban a Swat Valley. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, shugaban Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Pakistan (HRCP), Zarteef Khan Afridi (ya kasance yana aiki tare da shugabannin kabilu don kokarin sasanta yankin) da wasu 'yan bindiga dauke da makamai suka harbe a Jamrud, Khyber. Rundunar Abdullah Azam ta yi ikirarin kisan.
A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2012, wannan ƙungiya da ake zargin sanye da ƴan kunar bakin wake sun tarwatsa kansu a wani hari da aka kai ofishin 'yan sanda "C Division" a tsakiyar Peshawar. A cewar shaidu, jimillar maharan sun haura sama da 10, dauke da gurneti da makami masu sarrafa kansu da sabbin fasahohin zamani wadanda ba a taba amfani da su ba. An kashe 'yan sandan Pakistan biyu tare da jikkata wasu shida. Rundunar Abdullah Azzam ta dauki alhakin kai harin. Kakakin Abu Zarar Said, wanda ya ke magana daga wani wuri da ba a san ko wane wuri ba, ya ce harin martani ne ga kashe wani babban jagoran 'yan ta'addan, Badar Mansoor, a wani harin da jiragen yaki mara matuki suka kai a Waziristan. Bayan 'yan watanni, 'yan bindiga sun yi wa wata babbar motar dakon kaya ta NATO kwanton bauna a Jamrud, Hukumar Khyber. An kashe direban motar tare da jikkata wani farar hula guda a harin. Dakarun Abdullah Azzam Brigades sun dauki alhakin kai harin, inda suka yi barazanar kai wasu hare-hare kan direbobin da ke bai wa kungiyar tsaro ta NATO kayan agaji. A ranar 16 ga watan Janairu, wasu bama-bamai sun fashe a wani shingen binciken ababan hawa na Khasadar da ke yankin Sadokhel, Landi Kotal, yankin kabilun da ke karkashin gwamnatin tarayya, Pakistan. Akalla jami’in Khasadar daya ya rasa ransa, wani kuma ya samu rauni, kuma dakarun Abdullah Azzam Brigades sun dauki alhakin kai harin.
Gulf Persian
There are also other operations claimed by the Brigades, but strong doubts whether they were actually involved. For example, on 3 August 2010, a man claimed to be a spokesman of the brigade made a video statement that the Brigades were involved in the attack on the Japanese oil tanker M. Star in the Strait of Hormuz in July 2010. But many analysts are skeptical about the claim that it was the Abdullah Azzam Brigades. A BBC correspondent asserted that the perpetrators were using the name as a "name of convenience"."
Siriya
Kungiyar ta musanta hannu a harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a babban birnin Syria a ranar 23 ga watan Disambar 2011 wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 40. Kungiyar ta'addancin ta zargi gwamnatin Syria da yunkurin kawar da hankalinta daga murkushe masu zanga-zangar da ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane sama da 5,000. A cikin wata sanarwa da aka fitar a shafukan yanar gizo na masu jihadi a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba 2011, Brigades Abdullah Azzam sun musanta alhakin kai hare-haren kunar bakin wake.
A cikin wata sanarwa da sarkin kungiyar Majid bin Muhammad al-Majid ya fitar a watan Yunin shekarar 2012, kungiyar ta amince da yakin da take yi da dakarun shugaba Bashar al Assad a yakin basasar kasar Siriya. Majid ya ba da shawarar cewa 'yan tawayen su guji amfani da bama-bamai da bama-bamai a cikin biranen saboda fargabar cutar da fararen hula na Syria. Wannan nasihar ta sha bamban da ayyukan wata kungiyar Jihadi ta Salafawa mai fafutuka a yakin basasar Siriya, wato kungiyar Al-Nusra.
Lebanon
Wata na'urar da aka gyara ta fashe a wajen Barikin Sojoji na Fakhereddine a Beirut, inda soja daya ya samu rauni. Wani mutum da ke da'awar cewa shi dan kungiyar Al-Qaida ne ya kira jaridar Al Balad ta kasar Lebanon kuma ya dauki alhakin kai harin kafin da kuma bayan fashe-fashen.
A cikin makonnin farko na shekarar 2014, Abdullah Azzam ya yi ikirarin kai jerin hare-haren rokoki a kudancin Lebanon. A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2014 ne sojojin kasar suka kai hari a cibiyar al'adun kasar Iran da ke yankin Bir-Hasan a kudancin birnin Beirut, inda suka kashe mutane 11 tare da raunata 130, manufarsu ita ce goyon bayan Iran a yakin Siriya. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, an kai harin bam a wata mota a wani shingen binciken sojojin Lebanon da ke gadar Al-Assi da ke kofar birnin Hermel, a gundumar Beqaa. Baya ga dan kunar bakin waken, sojoji biyu da farar hula daya, sun mutu, kana mutane akalla 15 suka jikkata. Hukumomin kasar sun zargi Brigades Abdullah Azzam ko kuma Al-Nusrah da kai harin. Bayan wannan harin, kungiyar ta ci gaba da kai hare-haren rokoki kan garuruwan Isra'ila.
A ranar 27 ga Disamba, 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun kama Majid bin Mohammad al-Majid, shugaban Saudiyya na kungiyar. An yi wa Al-Majid maganin koda a asibitin Makased da ke birnin Beirut. Asibitin ya sake shi kuma an ce ya boye a sansanin 'yan gudun hijirar Falasdinu na Ain al-Hilweh, kusa da Saida. Ana zargin ya yi yunkurin tafiya wani wuri domin neman karin magani, amma sojojin Lebanon sun kama shi a kan babbar hanyar Beirut zuwa Damascus.
A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun 2014, gwajin DNA ya tabbatar da cewa mutumin da hukumar leken asirin sojojin Lebanon ta tsare shi ne Majid al-Majid, shugaban dakarun Abdullah Azzam Brigades. Samfurin DNA na 'yan uwan Majid da ke Saudiyya ya yi daidai da na wanda ake zargin da ya rage a hannun sojojin kasar Lebanon, in ji kamfanin dillancin labaran kasar Lebanon. A ranar 4 ga Janairu, Majid ya mutu sakamakon gazawar koda a wani asibitin sojoji a Beirut.
Jerin sunayen 'yan ta'adda
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana Abdullah Azzam Brigades a matsayin kungiyar ta’addanci, Bahrain,  Iraq, New Zealand,   UAE, the United Kingdom,  United Kingdom. Jihohi, Kanada  da Isra'ila.
Nassoshi
<references group="" responsive="0">
Ƙauyanci
Ƙauyanci wannan kalmar na nufin mutum ya yi abunda bai dace ba ko kuma yayi abunda ba daidaiba. A turance kuma ana kiranshi da Villager.
Gidan Kayan Tarihi Na Rommel
Gidan kayan tarihi na Rommel wani gidan kayan tarihi ne da aka keɓe don tunawa da tsohon shugaban ƙasar Jamus Erwin Rommel a Mersa Matruh a ƙasar Masar.
Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga jihar Enugu
Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga jihar Enugu ta kunshi Sanatoci uku da wakilai shida.
Gidan Kayan Tarihi Na Rommel
An bude shi a shekarar 1977 bisa yunƙurin gwamnatin Masar da kuma goyon bayan gwamnatin Jamus ta Yamma, don kafa gidan tarihi don girmamawa ga Rommel. Yana cikin kogon da Rommel ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin hedkwatarsa a lokacin yakin El Alamein, kuma tun daga lokacin ya zama wurin yawon bude ido. Dan Rommel Manfred Rommel, sannan Ubangiji Magajin garin Stuttgart, ya kasance babban bako a wurin bude taron kuma ya ba da gudummawar kayayyakin Rommel da dama ga gidan kayan gargajiya. An sake buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin shekarar 2017 bayan shekaru da yawa na aikin gyare-gyare a kan kogon.
Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga jihar Enugu
Majalisa ta 6 (2007-2011)
An kaddamar da majalisar kasa ta 6 (2007 – 2011) a ranar 5 ga watan Yunin 2007. Jam’iyyar PDP ta lashe dukkan kujerun majalisar dattawa da na wakilai.
Gidan Kayan Tarihi Na Rommel
Tsibiri, bakin teku da gada kusa da gidan kayan gargajiya kuma ana kiran su Rommel. Akwai kuma Rommel Café da Rommel Hotel.
Tawagar majalisar dokokin Najeriya daga jihar Enugu
Majalisa ta 6 (2007-2011)
Sanatoci masu wakiltar jihar Enugu a majalisa ta 6 sune: Wakilai a majalisa ta 6 sune:
Majalisar Kasa ta 8 (2015 zuwa 2019)
Sanatoci masu wakiltar jihar Enugu a majalisa ta 8 sune
Majalisar Ƙasa ta 9 (2019 har zuwa yau)
Sanatoci masu wakiltar jihar Enugu a majalisa ta tara sune:[3]
Sarakuna
Sarakuna wannan kalmar jam'in Sarki ce, kuma tana nufin mutum mai mulkan jama'a. Duk wanda yake mulkan wani wuri ko abirni ko a ƙauye shi ake kira da Sarkin wannan yankin. A ƙasar da Sarki da yake mulka yana da mataimaka, wanɗanda su ake kira da Hakimi,'yayan Sarki idan namiji ne sai akirashi da Yarima da turanci kuma Prince, idan ɗiya macece kuma Gimbiya da turanci kuma Princess.
Haramta jakar Leda
Haramta kamar Leda doka ce da ke ƙuntata amfani da jakar ledoji na filastik mai sauƙi a wuraren sayarwa. A farkon ƙarni na 21, an sami yanayin duniya game da fitowar jaka na filastik masu sauƙi. Takalma na sayen filastik guda ɗaya, wanda aka saba yi daga filastik mai ƙarancin polyethylene (LDPE), an ba da su kyauta ga abokan ciniki ta hanyar shagunan yayin sayen kayayyaki: an daɗe ana ɗaukar jaka a matsayin hanyar da ta dace, mai arha, da tsabta don jigilar abubuwa. Matsalolin da ke tattare da jakunkunan filastik sun haɗa da amfani da albarkatun da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba (kamar mai, gas da kwal), matsaloli yayin zubar, da tasirin muhalli. A lokaci guda tare da raguwa a cikin jaka na filastik mai sauƙi, shagunan sun gabatar da jaka na cin kasuwa masu amfani.
Gwamnatoci daban-daban sun haramta sayar da jaka masu sauƙi, cajin kwastomomi don jaka masu sauƙi. Gwamnatin Bangladesh ita ce ta farko da ta yi hakan a shekara ta 2002, inda ta sanya haramtacciyar haramtacciya a kan jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi. Tsakanin 2010 da 2019, yawan manufofin jama'a da aka nufa don fitar da jakunkunan filastik sun ninka sau uku. Ya zuwa 2022, an kuma gabatar da irin wannan haramcin a cikin kasashe 99, tare da matakai daban-daban na tilasta, kuma kasashe 32 a maimakon haka suna sanya caji ga jaka. Har ila yau, wasu hukunce-hukunce a matakin kasa sun kafa haramtacciya da cajin.
Tambayoyi
Takalma na filastik suna haifar da ƙananan batutuwan muhalli da muhalli. Matsalar da ta fi dacewa tare da jakunkunan filastik shine adadin sharar da aka samar. Yawancin jakunkunan filastik sun ƙare a kan tituna kuma daga baya sun gurɓata manyan hanyoyin ruwa, koguna, da rafi. Ko da lokacin da aka zubar da su yadda ya kamata, suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don lalacewa da rushewa, suna samar da adadi mai yawa na shara a tsawon lokaci. Takalma da ba a zubar da su yadda ya kamata sun gurɓata hanyoyin ruwa, an toshe magudanar ruwa kuma an samo su a cikin teku, suna shafar yanayin halittu na halittu na ruwa. Babban adadin sharar filastik ya ƙare a cikin teku a kowace shekara, yana haifar da barazana ga nau'in ruwa da rushewa ga jerin abinci na ruwa. Yawancin nau'o'in microbial suna mamayewa a kan barbashi na filastik wanda ke inganta cutar su, kuma barbashi na roba da iska ke fitarwa suna samar da wuraren shara a sassa daban-daban na teku. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa za a sami filastik fiye da kifi a cikin teku nan da shekara ta 2050 sai dai idan kasashe sun zo da matakan gaggawa don inganta ingantaccen samarwa, amfani da kuma kula da sharar filastik a duk rayuwarsu.
An gano jakunkunan filastik don taimakawa ga dumamar duniya. Bayan an zubar da shi, idan an fallasa shi ga hasken rana mai daidaituwa, farfajiyar irin wannan filastik tana samar da iskar gas guda biyu na methane da ethylene.
Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin reshe / manyan rassan rassa, yana rushewa cikin sauƙi a tsawon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da sauran filastik da ke haifar da wuraren da aka fallasa da kuma hanzarta sakin iskar gas. Samar da wadannan iskar gas daga filastik budurwa yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da yanki / lokaci, don haka LDPE yana fitar da iskar gas a cikin mafi ƙarancin ƙima idan aka kwatanta da sauran filastik. A ƙarshen kwana 212, an yi rikodin hayaki a 5.8 nmol g-1 d-1 na methane, 14.5 nmol g 1 d-1 na ethylene, 3.9 nmol g1 d-1 na etane da 9.7 nmol g - d-1 na propylene.
Nau'o'i biyu na asali na lalacewar kai tsaye ga namun daji shine rikicewa da cin abinci. Dabbobi na iya zama masu rikitarwa da nutsar da su. Sau da yawa dabbobi ne ke cinye jakunkunan filastik waɗanda ba za su iya rarrabe su daga abinci ba. A sakamakon haka, suna rufe hanji wanda ke haifar da mutuwa ta hanyar yunwa. Takalma na filastik na iya toshe magudanar ruwa, kama tsuntsaye da kashe dabbobi. Asusun Duniya na Yanayi ya kiyasta cewa fiye da 100,000 whales, hatimi, da turtles suna mutuwa a kowace shekara sakamakon cin abinci ko kuma an kama su da jakar filastik. A Indiya, kimanin shanu 20 suna mutuwa a kowace rana sakamakon cinye jaka na filastik da kuma samun tsarin narkewar su da jaka. Har ila yau, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Afirka don samun magudanar ruwa da tsarin magudanar da aka rufe da jaka wanda ke haifar da mummunar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro saboda karuwar yawan sauro da ke zaune a kan magudanar ruwan da ta ambaliya. An kirkiro kalmar "farar gurɓataccen" a kasar Sin don bayyana tasirin gida da na duniya na jakunkunan filastik da aka watsar a kan muhalli.
Ana kuma hura jakar filastik masu sauƙi a cikin bishiyoyi da sauran tsire-tsire kuma ana iya kuskuren su don abinci. Takalma na filastik sun lalace ta hanyar lalacewar polymer amma ba ta hanyar lalacewa ba. A sakamakon haka, duk wani sinadarin guba da suka hada da masu hana wuta, antimicrobials, da filastik za a saki cikin muhalli. Yawancin waɗannan gubobi kai tsaye suna shafar tsarin endocrine na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke sarrafa kusan kowane tantanin halitta a cikin jiki. Bincike ya nuna matsakaicin aiki na "rayuwa" na jakar filastik ya zama kusan shekaru 20.
Hanyoyi
Hanyoyi biyu da suka fi shahara na fitar da jaka na filastik masu sauƙi sune caji da haramtacciyar doka. An ce dabarun cajin [who?] don samun duk sakamako iri ɗaya a rage jakar filastik a matsayin haramta jakar fila filastik, tare da ƙarin fa'idar ƙirƙirar sabon tushen kudaden shiga. Hanyar cajin jakar filastik kuma tana kare zaɓin mabukaci, wanda haramcin bai yi ba.
Wani binciken 2019 a cikin Jaridar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa na Muhalli ya gano cewa aiwatar da haramtacciyar takunkumin filastik a California ya haifar da raguwar fam miliyan 40 na filastik ta hanyar kawar da jakunkunan filastik amma Californians sun sayi fam miliyan 12 na filastic ta hanyar sayen jakar shara. Binciken ya nuna cewa kafin gabatar da haramcin tsakanin 12% da 22% na jakunkunan filastik an sake amfani da su azaman jakunkunan shara.
Rashin amincewa
Hana jakar filastik na iya haifar da manyan kasuwannin baƙar fata a cikin jakar fila filastik. Bincike ya nuna cewa haramtacciyar jakar filastik na iya kawar da mutane daga amfani da jakar fila filastik mai laushi, amma kuma yana iya kara amfani da jakunkunan takarda guda ɗaya da ba a tsara su ba ko jakunkunan filastik masu kauri a wuraren da ake samar da waɗannan kyauta. Bugu da ƙari, haramcin na iya haifar da karuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin tallace-tallace na jakunkunan shara sabo mutane ba za su iya sake amfani da tsoffin jakunkunan kayan abinci ba don abubuwa kamar yin ƙananan gwangwani.
Samar da wasu jaka wadanda ba na filastik ba (misali takarda, auduga, ta amfani da filastik budurwa kamar filastik da ke da kauri na micron 50) na iya samar da karin hayakin gas fiye da jakunkunan filastik, wanda ke nufin cewa hayakin gas na iya ƙaruwa a kan net bayan haramtacciyar jakar filastik. Za a buƙaci sake amfani da wasu hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da su fiye da sau ɗari don sanya su da muhalli fiye da jakunkunan filastik. Ana kuma kallon su a matsayin marasa tsabta fiye da filastik saboda suna iya kawo kwayoyin cuta daga waje da shagon zuwa manyan wuraren tuntuɓar kamar kekuna da bincika wuraren da aka ajiye.
Afirka
Kenya ta yi ƙoƙari na farko don hana masana'antu da shigo da jakar filastik a cikin 2007 da 2011 a matsayin hanyar kare muhalli. haramcin 2007 da 2011 da aka yi niyya da filastik a ƙasa da microns 30 ya gaza bayan masana'antun da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki sun yi barazanar ba da kuɗin amfani da wasu kayan ga masu amfani. A cikin 2017 sakataren majalisa na Muhalli da albarkatun kasa, Farfesa Judy Wakhungu ya haramta amfani, ƙerawa da shigo da duk jakar filastik da aka yi amfani da su don kunshin kasuwanci da na gida a ƙarƙashin lambar sanarwar Gazette 2356. A ranar 28 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, Kenya ta fara aiwatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk fadin kasar na jakunkunan filastik guda daya. An cire jakunkuna na farko, jakunkuna masu sharar gida, da kayan kwalliya daga haramcin. An yaba da haramcin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsauri a duniya, tare da tarar har zuwa $ 40000, ko shekaru huɗu a kurkuku.
Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta a cikin 2019, a lokacin Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya, ya kara karfafa kokarin Kenya na yaki da gurɓata filastik da kuma ci gaba da kula da sharar gida ta hanyar haramta filastik mai amfani guda ɗaya a wuraren da aka kiyaye. Harin, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2020, ya haramta amfani da filastik a wuraren shakatawa na kasa, rairayin bakin teku, gandun daji da wuraren kiyayewa.
Najeriya
A watan Mayu 2019, Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya ta haramta samarwa, shigowa da amfani da jaka na filastik a kasar.
Rwanda
haramcin jakar filastik na Rwanda ya fara aiki a cikin 2008. Gwamnatin Rwanda ta karfafa wasu kasashe a yankinsu da su haramta jakar filastik, tun daga shekarar 2011.
Afirka ta Kudu
Takalma na filastik sun kasance babbar damuwa a Afirka ta Kudu kafin a gabatar da harajin jaka a shekara ta 2004. Ba a taɓa dakatar da jaka ba, amma an gabatar da haraji, wanda mai yin jakar filastik zai biya. Ana karɓar jakunkunan filastik masu kauri kuma kodayake wannan matakin da farko ya haifar da fushi tare da masu amfani da raguwa na farko a cikin ƙididdiga, amfani da masu amfani ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa zuwa jakunkunan sayen filastik biliyan da yawa a kowace shekara.
Tanzania
Gwamnatin Juyin Juya Halin Zanzibar ta haramta jakar filastik a shekarar 2005. Tanzania ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen aiwatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk fadin kasar a cikin shekara ta 2006. Koyaya, an jinkirta tabbatar da shi fiye da shekaru goma. A ƙarshe haramcin ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2019.
Tunisiya
Tunisia ta gabatar da haramtacciyar rarraba jakar filastik a cikin manyan kantuna tun daga 1 ga Maris 2017. An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tsakanin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Muhalli da manyan sarkar manyan kantuna a kasar don aiwatar da matakin farko na tsari da nufin rage amfani da jaka na filastik. 'Yan gwagwarmayar Tunisia suna shirin kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a don kafa manufofi masu kyau a kasar.
Uganda
Uganda ta gabatar da doka a cikin 2007 don hana sayar da jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi a ƙarƙashin 30 μm kauri da jakunkuna masu kauri a cikin kashi 120%. Kodayake dokokin sun fara aiki a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, ba a aiwatar da su ba kuma sun kasa rage yawan amfani da jakunkunan filastik. Ba a aiwatar da doka sosai ba.
Cambodia
Kambodiya ta zartar da doka don sanya harajin jakar filastik a watan Oktoba 2017. Supermarkets yanzu cajin abokan ciniki 400 Riels (10 US cents) ga kowane jakar filastik idan suna buƙatar ɗaya.
China
An gabatar da haramtacciyar jakar filastik a kan jakar filalastik mai laushi da kuma kuɗin a kan jakunkunan filastik da aka gabatar a kasar Sin a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2008. Wannan ya fara aiki ne saboda matsalolin da ke tattare da magudanar ruwa da sharar gida. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2009 ya nuna cewa amfani da jakar filastik ya fadi tsakanin 60 zuwa 80% a cikin manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin, kuma an yi amfani da jakunkuna biliyan 40. Koyaya, asusun farko sun nuna a sarari, haramcin ya ga iyakantaccen nasara, kuma cewa amfani da jaka na filastik ya kasance mai yawa. Masu sayar da tituna da ƙananan shagunan, waɗanda suka zama babban ɓangare na tallace-tallace a China, ba sa bin manufofin a wani ɓangare saboda matsalolin aiwatar da haramcin.
Kalmar "farar fata gurɓata" (Sinanci: 白色污染; pinyin: baise wuran, ba sau da yawa " shara" Sinanci:白色垃垃垃圾; ) ya zama na gida ga China kuma daga baya zuwa Kudancin Asiya, yana jin daɗin amfani da karami a waje da yankin. Yana nufin launi na fararen jaka na sayen filastik, kwantena na styrofoam, da sauran kayan haske waɗanda suka fara juyawa a cikin girma a cikin filayen noma, wuri mai faɗi, da hanyoyin ruwa a tsakiyar- zuwa ƙarshen 1990s. Magana ta farko game da kalmar "farar gurɓata" ta bayyana a cikin harshen hukuma aƙalla tun farkon 1999, lokacin da Majalisar Jiha ta sanya haramtacciyar farko.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong ta haramta masu siyarwa daga ba da jakunkunan filastik a ƙarƙashin wani kauri kuma kyauta. An aiwatar da harajin jakar filastik na 50 cent a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2015 a fadin Hong Kong. Amfani da jaka na filastik ya ragu da kashi 90% bayan gabatar da harajin. Alamomi sun nuna cewa Hong Kong tana kawar da amfani da jaka na filastik a cikin babban farashi.
Indiya
A shekara ta 2002, Indiya ta haramta samar da jakunkunan filastik a ƙasa da 20 μm a kauri don hana jakunkunan roba daga toshe tsarin magudanar ruwa na birni da kuma hana shanu na Indiya cin jakunkunan Filastik yayin da suke rikitar da shi don abinci. Koyaya, tilasta aiki ya kasance matsala.
Ma'aikatar Muhalli, dazuzzuka da Canjin Yanayi ta kuma zartar da ka'idoji don hana duk jakar polythene kasa da microns 50 a ranar 18 ga Maris 2016. Saboda rashin aiwatar da wannan ka'idar, hukumomin yanki (jihohi da kamfanonin birni), dole ne su aiwatar da nasu ka'idojin.
A cikin 2016, Sikkim, jihar farko ta Indiya, ta haramta amfani da ba kawai kwalabe na ruwan sha ba a kowane taron gwamnati ko ayyuka har ma da kwantena na abinci da aka yi daga kumfa na polystyrene a duk fadin jihar.