cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sankara
Metastasi
Metastasis: Metastasis Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya daidaitawa.[35] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya karu.[36] Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Matakan al'ada a cikin metastasis sune mamayewa na gida, shiga cikin jini ko lymph, wurare dabam dabam ta jiki, haɓaka cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da angiogenesis. Nau'o'in ciwon daji daban-daban suna yin kazamin gabobin jikinsu, amma gabaɗaya wuraren da aka fi samun kazanta su ne huhu, hanta, ƙwaƙwalwa da kasusuwa.[35]
Metabolism
Tumor metabolome Kwayoyin al'ada yawanci suna haifar da kusan kashi 30% na makamashi daga glycolysis, [108] yayin da yawancin ciwon daji ke dogara ga glycolysis don samar da makamashi (Tasirin Warburg).[109][110] [111] Amma tsirarun nau'ikan ciwon daji sun dogara da phosphorylation oxidative a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko, gami da lymphoma, cutar sankarar bargo, da kansar endometrial.[112] Ko da a wadannan lokuta, duk da haka, amfani da glycolysis a matsayin tushen makamashi da wuya ya wuce 60%.[108] Wasu 'yan ciwon daji suna amfani da glutamine a matsayin babban tushen makamashi, wani bangare saboda yana samar da nitrogen da ake bukata don hadin nucleotide (DNA, RNA).[113][108]. Kwayoyin ciwon daji sukan yi amfani da oxidative phosphorylation ko glutamine a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko.[114] Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa enzyme sirtuin 6 an zabi wanda ba a kunna shi ba a lokacin oncogenesis a cikin nau'ikan ƙari iri-iri ta hanyar haifar da glycolysis.[111] Wani sirtuin, sirtuin 3 yana hana ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da glycolysis, amma yana inganta ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da oxidative phosphorylation.[115]. An ba da shawarar rage cin abinci mai karancin carbohydrate (abinci na ketogenic) a wasu lokuta azaman maganin tallafi don maganin ciwon daji.
Bincike
Bincike (Satumba 2021) aX-ray na kirji yana nuna kansar huhu a cikin huhu na hagu Yawancin ciwon daji ana gane su da farko ko dai saboda bayyanar alamu ko alamun cutar ko ta hanyar dubawa. Babu bayan wadannan da ke haifar da tabbataccen ganewar asali, wanda ke bugatar bincika samfurin nama ta hanyar likitan ilimin cututtuka. Ana bincikar mutanen da ake zargi da ciwon daji tare da gwaje-gwajen likita. Wadannan yawanci sun hada da gwaje-gwajen jini, X-rays, (contrast) CT scans da endoscopy. Binciken nama daga biopsy yana nuna nau'in tantanin halitta da ke yaduwa, darajar tarihinsa, rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta da sauran siffofi. Tare, wannan bayanin yana da amfani don kimanta tsinkaye da kuma zabar mafi kyawun magani. Cytogenetics da immunohistochemistry wasu nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen nama ne. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da bayanai game da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta (kamar maye gurbi, kwayoyin halittar fusion da sauye-sauye na chromosome na lambobi) kuma yana iya nuna hasashen hasashen da mafi kyawun magani. Ciwon daji na iya haifar da damuwa na tunani da kuma shiga tsakani na zamantakewa, kamar maganin magana, na iya taimakawa mutane da wannan.[118]
Rabewa
Karin bayani: Jerin nau'ikan ciwon daji da Jerin sharuddan da suka danganci oncology Ciwon daji ana rarraba su da nau'in tantanin halitta wanda kwayoyin tumor suke kama da shi don haka ana zaton shine asalin kwayar cuta. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun hada da: Carcinoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel epithelial. Wannan rukunin ya qunshi yawancin cututtukan daji da aka fi sani kuma sun haɗa da kusan duka waɗanda ke cikin nono, prostate, huhu, pancreas da hanji. Sarcoma: Ciwon daji da ke tasowa daga nama mai haɗawa (watau kashi, guringuntsi, mai, jijiya), kowannensu yana tasowa daga kwayoyin halitta da suka samo asali a cikin kwayoyin halitta a waje da kasusuwa. Lymphoma da cutar sankarar bargo: Waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu suna tasowa ne daga ƙwayoyin hematopoietic (masu samar da jini) waɗanda ke barin bargo kuma sukan yi girma a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph da jini, bi da bi.[119] Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel masu ƙarfi, galibi suna nunawa a cikin ƙwaya ko kwai (seminoma da dysgerminoma, bi da bi). Blastoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel "precursor" marasa girma ko nama na amfrayo. Ciwon daji yawanci ana kiransu ta hanyar amfani da -carcinoma, -sarcoma ko -blastoma a matsayin kari, tare da kalmar Latin ko Girkanci ga gabbai ko nama na asali a matsayin tushen. Misali, ciwon daji na parenchyma na hanta da ke tasowa daga sel epithelial masu cutarwa ana kiransa hepatocarcinoma, yayin da mummunan cutar da ke fitowa daga sel precursor na hanta ana kiransa hepatoblastoma kuma ciwon daji da ke fitowa daga kwayoyin kitse ana kiransa liposarcoma. Ga wasu cututtukan daji na yau da kullun, ana amfani da sunan gabobin Ingilishi. Misali, nau'in ciwon daji na nono da aka fi sani shine ake kira ductal carcinoma na nono. Anan, ductal na sifa yana nufin bayyanar cutar daji a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa, wanda ke nuna cewa ya samo asali ne a cikin magudanar madara. Ciwon daji mara kyau (wadanda ba ciwon daji ba) ana kiran su ta amfani da -oma azaman kari tare da sunan gabobin a matsayin tushen. Alal misali, kwayar tsoka mai santsi ana kiranta leiomyoma (sunan gama gari na wannan kwayar cuta mai saurin faruwa a cikin mahaifa shine fibroid). Abin mamaki, wasu nau'in ciwon daji suna amfani da -noma suffix, misalai ciki har da melanoma da seminoma. Wasu nau'in ciwon daji ana kiran su don girma da siffar sel a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa, kamar giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma da kananan-cell carcinoma. Wani ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya. Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu. Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
Rigakafi
Rigakafi Babban labarin: rigakafin ciwon daji An bayyana rigakafin cutar kansa azaman matakan aiki don rage hadarin kansa.[120] Mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda hadarin muhalli. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli zabin salon rayuwa ne masu iya sarrafawa. Don haka, ciwon daji gabaɗaya ana iya rigakafinsa[121]. Tsakanin kashi 70% zuwa 90% na cututtukan daji na yau da kullun suna faruwa ne saboda abubuwan muhalli don haka ana iya yin rigakafi.[122] Fiye da kashi 30 cikin 100 na mace-macen cutar daji za a iya kiyaye su ta hanyar guje wa abubuwan haɗari da suka haɗa da: taba, kiba mai yawa, rashin abinci mara kyau, rashin motsa jiki, barasa, cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i da gurɓataccen iska.[123] Bugu da ari, ana iya la'akari da talauci a matsayin wani abu mai hatsarin gaske a cikin cututtukan daji na ɗan adam.[124] Ba duk abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli ba ne ake iya sarrafa su ba, kamar abubuwan da ke faruwa ta zahiri da kuma ciwon daji da ke haifar da cututtukan gado na gado don haka ba a iya yin rigakafi ta hanyar halayen mutum.
Abincin abinci
Abincin abinci da ciwon daji Yayin da aka ba da shawarwarin abinci da yawa don rage haɗarin ciwon daji, shaidar da za ta goyi bayan su ba ta tabbata ba.[14][125] Abubuwan abinci na farko waɗanda ke habaka hadari sune kiba da shan barasa. Abincin da ke da ƙarancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da jajayen nama suna da alaƙa da alaƙa amma sake dubawa da nazarin meta ba su kai ga daidaito ba.[126][127] Binciken meta-bincike na 2014 bai sami dangantaka tsakanin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da ciwon daji ba.[128] Kofi yana da alaƙa da raguwar haɗarin cutar kansar hanta.[129] Bincike ya danganta yawan shan ja ko naman da aka sarrafa da yawan kamuwa da cutar kansar nono, ciwon hanji da kuma ciwon daji na pancreatic, al’amarin da zai iya kasancewa saboda kasancewar carcinogens a cikin naman da ake dafawa a yanayin zafi.[130][131] A cikin 2015 IARC ta ba da rahoton cewa cin nama da aka sarrafa (misali, naman alade, naman alade, karnuka masu zafi, tsiran alade) kuma, zuwa karamin digiri, jan nama yana da alaƙa da wasu cututtukan daji.[132][133]. Shawarwari na abinci don rigakafin ciwon daji yawanci sun haɗa da ba da fifiko ga kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace, hatsi gabaɗaya da kifi da kuma nisantar sarrafa nama da jan nama (naman sa, naman alade, rago), kitsen dabbobi, abincin da aka ɗora da ingantaccen carbohydrates.
Magani
Magani Ana iya amfani da magunguna don hana ciwon daji a wasu yanayi kaɗan[134]. A cikin yawan jama'a, NSAIDs suna rage hadarin ciwon daji na launi; duk da haka, saboda illar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, suna haifar da illa gaba daya idan aka yi amfani da su don rigakafi.[135] An gano aspirin yana rage hadarin mutuwa daga cutar kansa da kusan kashi 7%.[136] Masu hana COX-2 na iya rage yawan kwayar polyp a cikin mutanen da ke da polyposis adenomatous iyali; duk da haka, yana da alaka da illa iri ɗaya da NSAIDs.[137] Yin amfani da tamoxifen ko raloxifene kullum yana rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar nono a cikin mata masu haɗari.[138] Amfani da cutarwa ga 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor kamar finasteride bai bayyana ba.[139] Karancin bitamin ba ya bayyana yana da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji[140]. Yayin da ƙananan matakan bitamin D ke da alaƙa da haɓakar ciwon daji, [141] [142] [143] ko wannan dangantakar tana da dalili kuma ƙarin bitamin D yana da kariya ba a ƙayyade ba.[144][145]. Ɗaya daga cikin bita na 2014 ya gano cewa kari ba shi da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hadarin ciwon daji.[145] Wani bita na 2014 ya kammala cewa bitamin D3 na iya rage hadarin mutuwa daga ciwon daji (kananan mutuwa a cikin mutane 150 da aka yi wa magani sama da shekaru 5), amma an lura da damuwa game da ingancin bayanan.[146] Beta-carotene yana kara yawan ciwon daji na huhu a cikin wadanda ke da haɗari.[147] Kariyar folic acid ba ta da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji na hanji kuma yana iya ƙara yawan polyps.[148] Ba a nuna ƙarin sinadarin selenium don rage haɗarin cutar kansa ba.[149]
Allurar Rigakafi
An samar da alluran rigakafin da ke hana kamuwa da wasu kwayoyin cuta na carcinogenic.[150] Alurar rigakafin cutar papilloma na dan adam (Gardasil da Cervarix) suna rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar mahaifa.[150] Alurar rigakafin ciwon hanta na B na hana kamuwa da cutar hanta da kuma haka yana rage haɗarin ciwon hanta.[150] Ana ba da shawarar gudanar da rigakafin cutar papillomavirus da rigakafin hanta B a inda albarkatu suka ba da izini.
Nunawa
Nunawa Babban labarin: Binciken cutar daji Ba kamar yunƙurin gano cutar da alamu da alamun likita ke haifar da shi ba, gwajin cutar kansa ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin gano kansa bayan ya taso, amma kafin bayyanar cututtuka da ake iya gani.[152] Wannan yana iya haɗawa da gwajin jiki, gwajin jini ko fitsari ko hoton likita.[152] Ba a samun gwajin cutar kansa don nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa. Ko da gwaje-gwajen suna samuwa, kila ba za a ba su shawarar ga kowa ba. Nunawa ta duniya ko tantanin jama'a ya ƙunshi tantance kowa.[153] Zaɓen tantancewa yana gano mutanen da ke cikin hadari mafi girma, kamar mutanen da ke da tarihin iyali.[153] An yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa don tantance ko fa'idar tantancewar ta zarce kasada da kuma tsadar aikin tantancewar[152]. Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa da: Lalacewar da za a iya samu daga gwajin nunawa: alal misali, Hotunan X-ray sun haɗa da fallasa zuwa radiation ionizing mai illa. Yiwuwar gwajin gano cutar kansa daidai Yiwuwar ciwon daji ya kasance: Binciken ba ya da amfani ga ciwon daji da ba kasafai ba. Matsalolin da za a iya samu daga hanyoyin biyo baya Ko akwai maganin da ya dace Ko ganowa da wuri yana inganta sakamakon jiyya Ko ciwon daji zai taɓa buƙatar magani Ko gwajin ya kasance karbuwa ga mutane: Idan gwajin gwajin ya yi nauyi (misali, mai tsananin zafi), to mutane za su ki shiga.[153]
Farashin Shawarwari
Rundunar Tsaro ta Amurka gungiyar kwararru ta Amurka (USPSTF) ta ba da shawarwari ga cututtuka daban-daban: Yana ba da shawarar auna cutar kansar mahaifa ga mata masu jima'i kuma suna da mahaifa aqalla har zuwa shekaru 65.[154]. Ya ba da shawarar cewa a yi wa Amirkawa gwajin cutar kansar launin fata ta hanyar gwajin jini na facal, sigmoidoscopy, ko colonoscopy farawa daga shekara 50 har zuwa shekara 75.[155]. Shaidu ba su isa ba don bayar da shawarar don ko hana gwajin cutar kansar fata, [156] ciwon daji na baka, [157] kansar huhu, [158] ko ciwon gurguwar prostate a cikin maza a karkashin 75.[159]. Ba a ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don ciwon daji na mafitsara, [160] kansar testicular, [161] cancer ovarian, [162] cancer pancreatic, [163] ko prostate cancer.[164] Yana ba da shawarar mammography don gwajin cutar kansar nono kowane shekara biyu daga shekaru 50-74, amma baya ba da shawarar ko dai a yi gwajin nono ko gwajin nono na asibiti.[165] Wani bita na Cochrane na 2013 ya kammala cewa gwajin cutar kansar nono ta hanyar mammography ba shi da wani tasiri wajen rage mace-mace saboda yawan bincike-bincike da wuce gona da iri.
Gwajin Kwayar Halitta
Gwajin kwayoyin halitta Duba kuma: Ciwon daji Nau'in Ciwon Kansa BRCA1, BRCA2 Nono, kwai, pancreatic HNPCC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, PMS2 Colon, uterine, kananan hanji, ciki, urinary fili gungiyoyin da ba na hukuma ba suna ba da shawarar gwajin kwayoyin halitta ga mutane masu hadari na wasu cututtuka. Masu dauke da waɗannan maye gurbi na iya yin ingantacciyar sa ido, maganin rigakafi, ko tiyata don rage hadarinsu na gaba.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy shine maganin ciwon daji tare da daya ko fiye cytotoxic anti-neoplastic kwayoyi (chemotherapeutic agents) a matsayin wani bangare na daidaitaccen tsari. Kalmar ta kunshi magunguna iri-iri, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa manyan nau'ikan kamar su alkylating agents da antimetabolites.[168] Magungunan chemotherapeutic na al'ada suna yin aiki ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke rarraba cikin sauri, wani abu mai mahimmanci na yawancin kwayoyin kansa. An gano cewa samar da magungunan cytotoxic a hade ya fi magani guda; wani tsari da ake kira haɗin kai; wanda ke da fa'ida a cikin kididdigar rayuwa da martani ga ciwace-ciwacen daji da ci gaban cutar.[169] Wani bita na Cochrane ya kammala cewa hadin gwiwa ya fi tasiri don magance ciwon daji na nono. Koyaya, gabaɗaya ba tabbas ko haɗin chemotherapy yana haifar da ingantacciyar sakamako na lafiya, lokacin da aka yi la'akari da rayuwa da guba.[170] Maganin da aka yi niyya wani nau'i ne na chemotherapy wanda ke kaiwa takamaiman bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta tsakanin ciwon daji da kwayoyin al'ada. Magungunan da aka yi niyya na farko sun toshe kwayar mai karkar isrogen, yana hana ci gaban ciwon nono. Wani misali na yau da kullun shine nau'in inhibitors na Bcr-Abl, wadanda ake amfani da su don magance cutar sankarar bargo ta myelogenous (CML).[4] A halin yanzu, maganin da aka yi niyya ya wanzu ga yawancin nau'ikan ciwon daji na yau da kullun, gami da ciwon daji na mafitsara, kansar nono, kansar colorectal, ciwon koda, cutar sankarar bargo, kansar hanta, kansar huhu, lymphoma, kansar pancreatic, kansar prostate, kansar fata, da kansar thyroid kamar da sauran nau’in ciwon daji[171]. Amfanin chemotherapy ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da mataki. A hade tare da tiyata, chemotherapy ya tabbatar da amfani a cikin nau'in ciwon daji da suka hada da kansar nono, ciwon daji, ciwon daji na pancreatic, sarcoma osteogenic, ciwon daji na testicular, ciwon daji na ovarian da wasu cututtuka na huhu.[172]. Chemotherapy yana warkar da wasu cututtukan daji, kamar wasu cutar sankarar bargo, [173] [174] marasa tasiri a wasu ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, [175] da rashin buqata a wasu, kamar yawancin cututtukan fata marasa melanoma.[176]. Amfanin chemotherapy sau da yawa yana iyakance ta hanyar guba zuwa wasu kyallen takarda a cikin jiki. Ko da chemotherapy bai ba da magani na dindindin ba, yana iya zama da amfani don rage alamun cututtuka kamar zafi ko rage girman kwayar kwayar cuta da ba ta iya aiki a cikin bege cewa tiyata zai yiwu a nan gaba.
Radiotion
Radiation Jiyya na radiation ya kunshi amfani da ionizing radiation a kokarin ko dai magani ko inganta alamun cututtuka. Yana aiki ta hanyar lalata DNA na nama mai ciwon daji, yana kashe shi. Don adana kyallen takarda na al'ada (kamar fata ko gabobin, wanda radiation dole ne ya wuce ta don magance ciwon daji), nau'ikan radiyo masu siffa suna nufin daga kusurwoyi masu yawa don shiga tsakani a cikin kwayar cuta, suna samar da kashi mafi girma a can fiye da kewaye, nama mai lafiya. . Kamar yadda yake tare da chemotherapy, ciwon daji ya bambanta a cikin martanin su ga maganin radiation.[177][178][179] Ana amfani da maganin radiation a kusan rabin lokuta. Radiation na iya zama ko dai daga tushen ciki (brachytherapy) ko waje na waje. Radiyon shine mafi yawan haskoki na X-ray marasa karfi don magance ciwon daji na fata, yayin da ake amfani da hasken X-ray mai karfi don ciwon daji a cikin jiki.[180] Radiation yawanci ana amfani dashi ban da tiyata da ko chemotherapy. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, kamar kansar farkon kai da wuyansa, ana iya amfani da shi kadai[181]. Don kashin kashi mai radadi, an gano yana da tasiri a kusan kashi 70% na marasa lafiya.[181]
Tiyata
Tiyata ita ce hanyar farko ta jiyya ga mafi yawan kebantacce, kwararrun cututtukan daji kuma maiyuwa suna taka rawa wajen daidaitawa da tsawaita rayuwa. Yawanci wani muhimmin sashi ne na tabbataccen ganewar asali da matakan ciwace-ciwacen daji, kamar yadda ake bukatar biopsies yawanci. A cikin ciwon daji na gida, tiyata yawanci yana kokari ya cire gaba daya taro tare da, a wasu lokuta, kwayoyin lymph a yankin. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji wannan ya isa ya kawar da cutar kansa[172].
Kulawar Jin Dadi
Kulawar jin dadi Kulawa da jin dadi magani ne wanda ke kokarin taimaka wa majiyyaci jin daɗi kuma ana iya hada shi tare da kokarin magance cutar kansa. Kulawa da jin dadi ya hada da aiki don rage damuwa ta jiki, tunani, ruhi da damuwa na zamantakewa. Ba kamar jiyya da ke nufin kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa kai tsaye ba, babban burin kula da jin dadi shine haɓaka ingancin rayuwa. Mutane a kowane mataki na maganin ciwon daji yawanci suna samun wani nau'i na kulawa. A wasu lokuta, gungiyoyin kwararrun likita suna ba da shawarar cewa marasa lafiya da likitoci su amsa cutar kansa kawai tare da kulawar jin dadi.[182] Wannan ya shafi marasa lafiya wadanda: [183] suna nuna karancin aiki, yana nuna iyakacin ikon kula da kansu[182]
1. bai sami fa'ida daga jiyya na tushen shaida ba
2. ba su cancanci shiga kowane gwaji na asibiti da ya dace ba
3. babu wata kwakkwarar hujja da ke nuna cewa magani zai yi tasiri.
Kulawar jin dadi na iya rikicewa tare da asibiti don haka ana nunawa ne kawai lokacin da mutane suka kusanci karshen rayuwa. Kamar kulawar asibiti, kulawar jinya yana ƙoƙarin taimaka wa majiyyaci su jimre da buƙatun su na gaggawa kuma don haɓaka ta'aziyya. Ba kamar kulawar asibiti ba, kulawar kwantar da hankali baya bukatar mutane su daina jiyya da ke nufin cutar kansa. Jagororin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa da yawa sun ba da shawarar kulawa da wuri na gaggawa ga marasa lafiya wadanda ciwon daji ke haifar da alamun damuwa ko waɗanda ke buƙatar taimako don jure rashin lafiyarsu. A cikin marasa lafiya da aka fara gano cutar ta metastatic, ana iya ba da kulawa ta gaggawa nan da nan. Ana nuna kulawar jin daɗi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da tsinkayar ƙasa da watanni 12 na rayuwa har ma an ba su magani mai tsauri.
Immunotherapy
Ciwon daji immunotherapy An fara amfani da nau'o'in hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ta hanyar amfani da immunotherapy, karfafawa ko taimakawa tsarin rigakafi don yaki da ciwon daji, tun daga 1997. Hanyoyi sun haɗa da kwayoyin rigakafi, maganin bincike, da kuma canja wurin kwayar halitta.[187].
Maganin Laser
Maganin Laser: Laser a cikin maganin kansa Laser farfesa Laser yana amfani da haske mai karfi don magance ciwon daji ta raguwa ko lalata ciwace-ciwacen daji ko ci gaba mai saurin kamuwa. An fi amfani da Laser don magance ciwon daji na sama wanda ke saman jiki ko kuma murfin gabobin ciki. Ana amfani da shi don magance ciwon daji na fata na basal cell da farkon matakan wasu kamar su mahaifa, azzakari, farji, vulvar, da kuma ciwon huhu mara karami. Sau da yawa ana haɗa shi tare da wasu jiyya, kamar tiyata, chemotherapy, ko radiation far. Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), ko interstitial Laser photocoagulation, yana amfani da Laser don magance wasu cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da hyperthermia, wanda ke amfani da zafi don rage ciwace-ciwacen kwayoyi ta hanyar lalacewa ko kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Laser sun fi dacewa fiye da tiyata kuma suna haifar da karancin lalacewa, zafi, zubar jini, kumburi, da tabo. Rashin lahani shine dole ne likitocin fida su sami horo na musamman. Yana iya zama mafi tsada fiye da sauran magunguna[188].
Madadin Magunguna
Madadin Magungunan karfafawa da madadin maganin cutar kansa rukuni ne daban-daban na jiyya, ayyuka da samfurori waɗanda ba sa cikin magungunan al'ada.[189] “Maganin Ƙarfafawa” yana nufin hanyoyi da abubuwan da ake amfani da su tare da magungunan gargajiya, yayin da “maganin madadin” yana nufin mahadi da ake amfani da su maimakon magungunan gargajiya[190]. Yawancin magungunan da ke da alaqa da ciwon daji ba a yi nazari ko gwada su ta amfani da dabaru na al'ada kamar gwajin asibiti ba. An bincika wasu madadin jiyya kuma an nuna ba su da tasiri amma har yanzu ana ci gaba da tallata su da hadakawa. Wani mai bincike kan cutar daji Andrew J. Vickers ya bayyana cewa, "Lakabin 'wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba' bai dace da irin waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ba; lokaci ya yi da za a tabbatar da cewa yawancin hanyoyin maganin ciwon daji an 'bata'.
Hasashen Dubi
Hasashen Dubi kuma: Yawan tsira da cutar daji, Jerin adadin mace-macen cutar kansa a Amurka, da masu tsira da ciwon daji Matakai uku na mace-macen cutar kansa ta duniya daga 1990 zuwa 2017[192] Yawan tsira ya bambanta da nau'in ciwon daji da kuma matakin da aka gano shi, kama daga rayuwa mai yawa zuwa cikar mace-mace shekaru biyar bayan ganewar asali. Da zarar ciwon daji ya sami metastasized, tsinkaya yakan zama mafi muni. Kimanin rabin marasa lafiya da ke samun maganin ciwon daji (ban da carcinoma a wuri da kuma ciwon daji na fata wanda ba melanoma ba) suna mutuwa daga wannan ciwon daji ko maganinsa.[23] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ƙazamin kwayar cuta ta farko.[193] Rayuwa ya fi muni a kasashe masu tasowa, [23] wani bangare saboda nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a can yana da wuyar magani fiye da wadanda ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.[194] Wadanda suka tsira daga cutar kansa suna kamuwa da kansar farko na biyu da kusan ninki biyu na wadanda ba a gano su ba.[195] An yi imanin cewa haɓakar hadarin ya kasance saboda bazuwar damar haɓaka kowane ciwon daji, yuwuwar tsira daga cutar kansa ta farko, abubuwan haɗari iri ɗaya waɗanda suka haifar da cutar kansa ta farko, illolin da ba'a so na magance cutar kansa ta farko (musamman magungunan radiation), da kuma mafi kyawun yarda da nunawa.[195]. Hasashen tsira na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Mafi mahimmanci sune nau'in ciwon daji da shekarun majiyyaci da lafiyar jiki gaba daya. Wadanda ke da rauni tare da wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya suna da karancin rayuwa fiye da sauran mutane masu lafiya. Ba zai yi yuwuwa masu shekaru dari ba su rayu har tsawon shekaru biyar ko da an sami nasarar jiyya. Mutanen da suka ba da rahoton ingancin rayuwa suna dade da rayuwa.[196] Mutanen da ke da karancin ingancin rayuwa na iya shafar bakin ciki da sauran rikice-rikice da / ko ci gaban cuta waɗanda duka biyun suna lalata inganci da adadin rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya da ke da mummunan tsinkaya na iya zama cikin bakin ciki ko kuma ba da rahoton rashin ingancin rayuwa saboda sun fahimci cewa yanayin su na iya zama m. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji suna da haɗarin toshewar jini a cikin jijiyoyinsu wanda zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwa.[197] Yin amfani da magungunan kashe jini irin su heparin yana rage hadarin daskarewar jini amma ba a nuna cewa yana ƙara rayuwa ga masu ciwon daji ba.[197] Mutanen da ke shan magungunan kashe jini su ma suna da hadarin zubar jini.[197] Ko da yake yana da wuyar gaske, wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, ko da daga matakin ci gaba, na iya warkewa nan da nan. Wannan al’amari ana kiransa da gafara ba tare da bata lokaci ba.[198].
Epidemiology
Epidemiology: Ilimin cututtukan daji na cutar kansa Duba kuma: Jerin kasashe ta adadin kansa Duba ko gyara bayanan tushe. Adadin mace-mace masu shekaru daga cutar kansa a cikin mutane 10,000.[199] An kiyasta cewa a cikin 2018, mutane miliyan 18.1 sun kamu da cutar kansa da kuma mutuwar mutane miliyan 9.6 a duniya.[200] Kimanin kashi 20% na maza da 17% na mata za su kamu da cutar kansa a wani lokaci yayin da kashi 13% na maza da kashi 9% na mata za su mutu daga gare ta.[200] A cikin 2008, an gano kimanin mutane miliyan 12.7 na ciwon daji (ban da ciwon daji na fata da ba na melanoma ba da sauran cututtukan da ba sa cutarwa) [23] kuma a cikin 2010 kusan mutane miliyan 7.98 sun mutu.[201]. Ciwon daji na kusan kashi 16% na mace-mace. Mafi yawan kamar na 2018 sune ciwon huhu (mutuwar miliyan 1.76), ciwon daji na launi (860,000) ciwon ciki (780,000), ciwon hanta (780,000), da ciwon nono (620,000).[2]. Wannan ya sanya cutar sankara ta zama babban sanadin mutuwar mutane a kasashen da suka ci gaba kuma na biyu a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.[23] Fiye da rabin lokuta suna faruwa a duniya masu tasowa.[23] Mutuwar cutar kansa ya kai miliyan 5.8 a 1990.[201] Mutuwar tana karuwa da farko saboda tsawon rayuwa da canje-canjen salon rayuwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa[23]. Babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa shine shekaru.[202] Ko da yake yana yiwuwa ciwon daji ya buge kowane shekaru, yawancin masu fama da ciwon daji sun haura 65.[202] A cewar Robert A. Weinberg, mai binciken ciwon daji, "Idan mun rayu tsawon lokaci, ba dade ko ba dade dukanmu za mu kamu da ciwon daji." tsawon rayuwa[205] da canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru a cikin tsarin endocrine.[206] Tasirin tsufa akan kansa yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar abubuwa kamar lalacewar DNA da kumburi da ke inganta shi da abubuwan kamar tsufa na jijiyoyin jini da canje-canjen endocrin da ke hana shi.[207]. Wasu cututtukan daji masu saurin girma suna da yawa musamman, amma galibi ba sa mutuwa. Nazarin autopsy a Turai da Asiya ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 36 cikin 100 na mutane ba a gano su ba kuma a fili ba su da cutar kansar thyroid a lokacin mutuwarsu kuma kashi 80% na maza suna kamuwa da kansar prostate ta hanyar shekaru 80.[208][209]. Kamar yadda wadannan cututtukan daji ba su haifar da mutuwar majiyyaci ba, gano su da zai wakilci cutar fiye da kima maimakon kulawar likita. Ciwon daji guda uku da aka fi sani da yara sune cutar sankarar bargo (34%), ciwan kwakwalwa (23%) da lymphomas (12%).[210]. A Amurka ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin yara 285.[211] Adadin ciwon daji na yara ya karu da kashi 0.6% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1975 zuwa 2002 a Amurka[212] da 1.1% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1978 da 1997 a Turai.[210] Mutuwar cutar kansar yara ta ragu da rabi tsakanin 1975 da 2010 a Amurka.[211]
Tarihi
Tarihi: Tarihin ciwon daji Yin zane tare da ra'ayoyi guda biyu na wata mace ta Holland wadda aka cire mata ciwon daji daga wuyanta a 1689 Ciwon daji ya wanzu ga dukan tarihin ɗan adam.[213]. Rubuce-rubuce na farko game da cutar kansa daga kusan 1600 BC a cikin littafin Edwin Smith Papyrus na Masar kuma ya bayyana kansar nono.[213] Hippocrates (c. 460 BC - c. 370 BC) ya bayyana nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa, yana nufin su da kalmar Helenanci καρκίνος karkinos (kaguwa ko crayfish).[213]. Wannan suna ya zo ne daga bayyanar da aka yanke na wani kakkauran ciwon daji, tare da “jiyoyin da suka miqe ta kowane bangare kamar yadda dabbar kaguwa ke da kafafunta, daga nan ne aka samo sunanta”[214]. Galen ya bayyana cewa "ana kiran ciwon daji na nono ne saboda kamannin kamanni da kaguwa da aka yi ta hanyar tsawaitawar ciwace-ciwacen daji da jijiyoyin da ke kusa da su".[215]: 738  Celsus (c. 25 BC – 50 AD) da aka fassara. karkinos zuwa cikin Latin kansa, kuma yana nufin kaguwa da shawarar tiyata a matsayin magani.[213]. Galen (karni na biyu AD) bai yarda da yin amfani da tiyata ba kuma ya ba da shawarar abin da ake amfani da shi a maimakon haka[213]. Wadannan shawarwarin sun tsaya tsayin daka tsawon shekaru 1000.[213] A karni na 15, 16, da 17, ya zama karbuwa ga likitoci su rarraba gawarwaki don gano musabbabin mutuwar.[216] Farfesan nan dan kasar Jamus Wilhelm Fabry ya yi imanin cewa ciwon nono na faruwa ne sakamakon wani gudanwar madara a cikin bututun mama. Farfesa dan kasar Holland Francois de la Boe Sylvius, mabiyin Descartes, ya yi imanin cewa dukkanin cututtuka sune sakamakon hanyoyin sinadarai kuma ruwan lemun tsami na acidic shine dalilin ciwon daji. Nicolaes Tulp na zamaninsa ya yi imanin cewa ciwon daji guba ne da ke yaduwa a hankali kuma ya kammala cewa yana yaduwa.[217] Likitan John Hill ya bayyana shakar taba a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar hanci a shekarar 1761.[216] Wannan ya biyo bayan rahoton a shekara ta 1775 na wani likitan fida dan kasar Biritaniya Percivall Pott cewa chimney yana shafan cutar sankarau, ciwon daji na kwankwasa, cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare tsakanin sharar bututun hayaƙi.[218]. Tare da yaduwar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa a cikin karni na 18, an gano cewa 'dafin ciwon daji' ya yadu daga ƙwayar cuta ta farko ta cikin ƙwayoyin lymph zuwa wasu shafuka ("metastasis"). Wani likitan fiɗa na Ingila Campbell De Morgan ne ya fara tsara wannan ra'ayi na cutar tsakanin 1871 da 1874.
Tasirin Tattalin Arziki
Tasirin Tattalin Arziki Jimillar kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya kan cutar daji a Amurka an kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 80.2 a shekarar 2015.[234] Ko da yake kashe kudin kula da lafiya da ke da alaqa ya karu da cikakkiyar ma'ana a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rabon kuɗin kiwon lafiya da aka keɓe don maganin cutar kansa ya kasance kusa da 5% tsakanin 1960s da 2004.[235][236]. An yi irin wannan tsari a Turai inda kusan kashi 6% na duk abin da ake kashewa na kula da lafiya ana kashewa wajen maganin ciwon daji[237][238]. Baya ga kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya da guba na kudi, ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi kai tsaye ta hanyar asarar yawan aiki saboda kwanakin rashin lafiya, rashin karfi na dindindin da nakasa gami da mutuwa da wuri a lokacin aiki. Ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi don kulawa na yau da kullun. Farashin kai tsaye da kuma farashin kulawa na yau da kullun ana kiyasta zai wuce ko daidai da kudin kula da lafiya na kansa.[239][238]
Wurin Aiki
an hada ciwon daji a matsayin yanayin kariya ta Hukumar Daidaita Ayyukan Aiki (EEOC), musamman saboda yuwuwar cutar kansa da ke da tasirin wariya ga ma'aikata.[240] Wariya a wurin aiki na iya faruwa idan mai aiki ya yi imanin karya cewa mai ciwon daji ba zai iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata ba, kuma yana iya neman ƙarin izinin rashin lafiya fiye da sauran ma'aikata. Har ila yau, masu ɗaukan ma'aikata na iya yin yanke shawara na haya ko kora bisa rashin fahimta game da nakasa ciwon daji, idan akwai. EEOC yana ba da jagororin tambayoyi ga masu daukar aiki, da kuma jerin abubuwan da za a iya magance su don tantancewa da saukar ma'aikatan da ke fama da cutar kansa.[240]
Bincike
Bincike: Jami'ar Binciken Ciwon daji na Asibitin Cancer na Florida Domin ciwon daji rukuni ne na cututtuka, [241][242] da wuya a sami "maganin ciwon daji" fiye da yadda za a sami magani guda daya don dukkan cututtuka masu yaduwa.[243] An tada tunanin masu hana Angiogenesis ba daidai ba suna da yuwuwar a matsayin maganin "harsashi na azurfa" da ke dacewa da nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa.[244] Ana amfani da masu hana Angiogenesis da sauran magungunan ciwon daji a hade don rage cutar kansa da mace-mace.[245]. Ana nazarin magungunan ciwon daji na gwaji a cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don kwatanta maganin da aka tsara zuwa mafi kyawun magani. Ana iya gwada magungunan da suka yi nasara a nau'in ciwon daji guda ɗaya da sauran nau'ikan.[246] Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen bincike don inganta ingantattun hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga majiyyatan da suka dace, dangane da ilimin halittarsu daya[247]. Binciken ciwon daji yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa masu zuwa: Ma'aikata (misali kwayoyin cuta) da abubuwan da suka faru (misali maye gurbi) wadanda ke haifar ko saukake canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin da aka kaddara su zama ciwon daji. Madaidaicin yanayin lalacewar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halittar da ya shafa. Sakamakon wadancan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta akan ilimin halitta na tantanin halitta, duka a cikin samar da ma'anar kaddarorin kwayar cutar kansa da kuma saukake ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar kansa. Ingantacciyar fahimtar ilmin kwayoyin halitta da ilmin halitta saboda binciken cutar kansa ya haifar da sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar kansa tun lokacin da shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya ayyana "Yakin Ciwon daji" a 1971. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kasar ta kashe sama da dala biliyan 200 kan binciken cutar kansa, ciki har da albarkatu daga sassa na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu[248]. Adadin mutuwar ciwon daji (daidaita girman da shekarun yawan jama'a) ya ragu da kashi biyar tsakanin 1950 zuwa 2005.[249] Gasar don albarkatun kudi da alama ta danne kirkira, hadin gwiwa, hadarin hadari da tunanin asali da ake bukata don yin bincike na asali, ba tare da kin yarda da bincike mai karancin hadari cikin kananan hadaka havakawa sama da hadari, karin ingantaccen bincike. Sauran sakamakon gasa da alama karatu ne da yawa tare da ikirari masu ban mamaki waɗanda ba za a iya maimaita sakamakon su ba da kuma karkatattun abubuwan karfafawa wadanda ke karfafa cibiyoyin bayar da tallafi don hadaka ba tare da yin isassun jari a cikin ikonsu da wuraren aikinsu ba.[250][251][252][253] Virotherapy, wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana nazarin. Sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19, an sami damuwa cewa bincike da jiyya na cutar daji suna raguwa.[254][255]
Juna Biyu
Ciwon daji na Ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin 1,000 mata masu juna biyu. Mafi yawan ciwon daji da ake samu a lokacin daukar ciki iri daya ne da na ciwon daji da ake samu a cikin mata marasa ciki a lokacin haihuwa: kansar nono, kansar mahaifa, cutar sankarar mahaifa, lymphoma, melanoma, kansar kwai da kuma ciwon daji[256]. Gano sabon ciwon daji a cikin mace mai ciki yana da wahala, a wani bangare saboda duk wani alamun da aka saba dauka a matsayin rashin jin daɗi na yau da kullun da ke da alaqa da ciki. A sakamakon haka, ciwon daji yawanci ana gano shi a wani dan lokaci kadan fiye da matsakaici. Wasu hanyoyin hoto, irin su MRIs (hoton maganadisu na maganadisu), CT scans, duban dan tayi da mammograms tare da garkuwar tayin ana daukar lafiya yayin daukar ciki; wasu kamar su PET scans, ba su kasance ba.[256] Magani gabaɗaya iri daya ne da na mata marasa ciki. Duk da haka, ana guje wa radiation da magungunan rediyo yayin daukar ciki, musamman idan adadin tayin zai iya wuce 100 cGy. A wasu lokuta, ana jinkirta wasu ko duka jiyya har sai bayan haihuwa idan an gano ciwon daji a karshen ciki. Ana amfani da bayarwa da wuri don ciyar da farkon jiyya. Tiyata gabadaya ba ta da lafiya, amma tiyatar kashin gugu a farkon watanni uku na iya haifar da zubar da ciki. Wasu jiyya, musamman wasu magungunan chemotherapy da aka bayar yayin datsa na farko
Sauran Dabbobi
Likitan dabbobi, wanda ya fi maida hankali kan kuliyoyi da karnuka, kwarewa ce mai girma a cikin kasashe masu arziki kuma ana iya ba da manyan nau'ikan jiyya na dan adam kamar tiyata da rediyo. Mafi yawan nau'ikan ciwon daji sun bambanta, amma nauyin kansar yana da alama aqalla yana da girma a cikin dabbobi kamar na mutane. Dabbobi, yawanci rodents, galibi ana amfani da su wajen bincike kan cutar kansa kuma nazarin cututtukan daji a cikin manyan dabbobi na iya amfanar bincike kan kansar ɗan adam.[257] A cikin wadanda ba mutane ba, an bayyana wasu nau'o'in ciwon daji masu yaduwa, inda ciwon daji ke yaduwa tsakanin dabbobi ta hanyar watsa kwayoyin ciwon daji da kansu. Ana ganin wannan al'amari a cikin karnuka masu ciwon sarcoma na Sticker (wanda kuma aka sani da canine transmissible venereal tumor), da kuma shaidanun Tasmania masu fama da ciwon fuska na shaidan (DFTD).
Irma, Alberta
Tarihi
Ƙauyen Irma ya fara ne daga shekarar 1908 lokacin da layin dogo na Grand Trunk Pacific Railway ya ratsa garin. Daga baya an haɗa Irma a matsayin ƙauye a ranar 30 ga Mayun 1912. An yi zaton an sanya wa kauyen sunan diyar mataimakin shugaban GTPR na biyu Janar William Wainwright. Bayanai sun nuna gobara uku da ta tashi a cikin garin. Wadannan sun faru a cikin 1911, 1931 da 1963. Yawancin gine-ginen da ke kan babban titi (yanzu 50 Street) an sake gina su bayan gobarar 1931. Makarantar sakandare ta farko ta Alberta tana cikin Irma; daga ƙarshe aka maye gurbinsa kuma an buɗe sabuwar makarantar a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2019.
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021 da Kididdiga Kanada ta gudanar, ƙauyen Irma yana da yawan jama'a 477 da ke zaune a cikin 207 daga cikin 240 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. -8.4% daga yawanta na 2016 na 521. Tare da yankin ƙasa na 1.32 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 361.4/km a cikin 2021.
A cikin ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na 2016 da Kididdiga Kanada ta gudanar, ƙauyen Irma ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 521 da ke zaune a cikin 221 daga cikin 242 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. 14% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 457. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 1.34 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 388.8/km  a cikin 2016.
James Saxon (American football)
James Elijah Saxon (an haife shi a watan Maris 23,1966). Kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka kuma tsohon ɗan wasan baya wanda shine kocin baya na Cardinal Arizona na National Football League (NFL). Ya taɓa zama mataimakin koci na Pittsburgh Steelers, Minnesota Vikings, Miami Dolphins, Kansas City Chiefs da Buffalo Bills.
Saxon ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Jihar San Jose kuma Shugabannin Kansas City suka tsara shi a zagaye na shida na 1988 NFL Draft. Ya buga wasanni takwas a cikin NFL tare da Shugabannin, Miami Dolphins da Philadelphia Eagles.
Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Beaufort, South Carolina, James Saxon ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar Battery Creek a Burton, South Carolina a 1984.
Kwalejin
Saxon ya koma Sacramento, California don halartar Kwalejin Kogin Amurka kuma ya taka leda a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 1984 zuwa 1985. Sa'an nan, Saxon ya koma Jami'ar Jihar San Jose. Saxon ya taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spartans ta Jihar San Jose a cikin 1986 da 1987 a matsayin mai guduwa kuma yana cikin kungiyar Spartans' 1986 California Bowl Championship. James Saxon kuma yana da ɗa mai suna Devin Saxon, wasu mutane na iya saninsa a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Harvard Crimson. Wasu na iya gane shi a matsayin "Mr. Minnesota" daga 2012 Cosmo's Bachelor of the Year.
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa
An zaɓi Saxon a zagaye na shida na 1988 NFL Draft a matsayin zaɓi na 135th gaba ɗaya. A matsayin dan wasan baya, Saxon ya buga wa Shugabannin Kansas City daga 1988 zuwa 1991, Miami Dolphins daga 1992 zuwa 1994, da Philadelphia Eagles a 1995.
Farkon aiki
A cikin 1997, Saxon ya sami aikin koyarwa na farko a matsayin mai horar da baya a Jami'ar Rutgers, matsayin da zai samu na tsawon shekaru biyu. Saxon kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Kansas City a cikin 1998. A cikin 1999, Saxon ya kasance mataimakin kocin sa kai na Kwalejin Menlo.
Shugabannin Kansas City
A cikin 2001, Shugabannin Kansas City sun hayar Saxon a matsayin kocin masu gudu. Zai yi aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa 2007.
Miami Dolphins
A cikin 2008, Miami Dolphins ta dauki Saxon a matsayin mai horar da baya kuma zai yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 2009.
Minnesota Vikings
A cikin 2010, Minnesota Vikings sun ɗauki Saxon a matsayin kocin masu gudu.
Pittsburgh Steelers
A cikin 2014, Pittsburgh Steelers ta dauki Saxon a matsayin kocin masu gudu a karkashin kocin Mike Tomlin.
Cardinals Arizona
A ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2019, Cardinal na Arizona ya dauki hayar Saxon a matsayin kocin masu gudu a karkashin koci Kliff Kingsbury.
Amfanin Jan Tumatur
Maganin Gyambon Ciki
Wasu daga cikin Likitocin Musulunci bincikensu ya tabbatar da cewa Mai fama da matsalar gyambon ciki, idan yana shan jan Tumatur guda uku kullum da safe kafin yaci komai, zai samu chanji sosai. Kuma zata dena yi masa mummunan tashin nan da takeyi.
Maganin Sikila
Hakanan shan Jan Tumatur guda uku kullum da safe zai amfani sosai ga mutumin dake fama da ciwon Sikila (sickle cell anemia) da kuma masu fama da ciwon Zuciya in sha Allahu. Domin tumatur yana bude hanyoyin jini, yana samar da manyan sinadarai irin wadanda jiki ke bukata.
Idrissa Halidou
Idrissa Halidou (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1982) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Nijar wanda a yanzu yake buga wa ƙungiyar AS GNN.
Elizabeth Carne
Ayyukan sadaka
A mutuwar mahaifinta a shekara ta 1858, ta shiga cikin babban arziki, kuma ta yi amfani da wannan gado, ta bi dabi'un sadaka na iyayenta da danginta, don raba kudade masu yawa don ilmantarwa da sauran ayyukan agaji. Ta ba da wurin makarantar St Paul wanda aka buɗe, bayan mutuwarta, a Penzance a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1876, kuma ta kafa makarantu a Wesley Rock (Heamoor), Carfury, da Bosullow, gundumomi uku masu ƙanƙanta a cikin unguwar Penzance. Ta ba da damar ta hanyar ba da gudummawar farashin sayan filin da aka gina St John's Hall (zauren garin) a kai kuma ta gina wani gidan kayan gargajiya daban a kan titin Lower Queen's kusa da gidanta, inda za ta baje kolin kyawawan ma'adanai da ta taimaka mata. baba in tarawa.
Geologist kuma marubuciya
Ta ɗauki haɗin gwiwar mahaifinta daga 1858 har zuwa mutuwarta, a matsayin shugaban bankin Penzance wanda kakanta, William Carne ya kafa a 1795 (Batten, Carne da Oxnam). Ta kuma gaji soyayyar mahaifinta game da ilimin geology, kuma ta rubuta takardu hudu a cikin 'Ma'amala na Royal Geological Society of Cornwall:' 'Cliff Boulders da Tsohon Yanayin Kasa da Teku a Gundumar Ƙarshen Land,' 'The Age of the Land's End. Maritime Alps da ke kewaye da Mentone,' 'A kan Sauye-sauye da Metamorphosis na Rocks,' da 'Akan Yanayin Sojojin da suka yi aiki akan Samar da Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Granite.' Ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaba a matsayin memba na Royal. Geological Society of Cornwall. Ta kasance memba na farko, tare da abokanta Caroline Fox da Anna Maria Fox na Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society a Falmouth, Cornwall.
An ba da gudummawar labarai da yawa daga wurinta ga ‘London Quarterly Review,’ kuma ita ce marubuciyar littattafai da yawa.
Mutuwa
Carne ta mutu a Penzance a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1873, kuma an binne ta a Phillack, kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a ranar 12 ga Satumba. An yi wa'azin jana'izarta a cocin St Mary's, Penzance, ta Reverend Prebendary Hedgeland a ranar 14 ga Satumba.
Ayyuka
Ita ce marubucin:
Umayr ɗan Wahb
Umayr ɗan Wahb ya kasance daya daga cikin sahabban Annabi Muhammad S.A.W, yayi yaki tare da Annabi a yakin Badar
Fezzan
Fezzan ( UK : / f ɛ ˈzɑːn / fez-AHN,  US : / f ɛ ˈz æn, fə ˈz æ n / fez-AN, fə- ZAN ;  yarukan Berber    ; فزان     ; Latin   ) shi ne yankin kudu maso yammacin Libya na yau. Hamada ce, wanda tsaunuka suka rarraba ta, hawa, da kafaffun koramu (wadis) daga arewa, inda dausayi ke ba tsoffin birane da ƙauyuka damar wanzuwar rayuwa acikin hamadar Sahara da ke da wuyan rayuwa. Kalmar daga farko tana nufin ƙasar da ta wuce yankin bakin teku na Afirka, wacce ta hada da Nafusa da ke yammacin Libya ta zamani a kan Ouargla da Illizi. Kamar yadda waɗannan yankunan Berber suka kasance suna da alaƙa da yankunan Tripoli, Cirta ko Algiers, ana amfani da sunan har wayau wajen kiran yankunan arid dake kudancin Tripolitania.
Suna
A cikin harsunan Berber, Fezzan (ko ifezzan ) na nufin "dutse mai karfi". Fezzan kuma na iya zama daga asalin sunan yankin a yaren Latin da Girkanci Phasania ko Phazania, wanda ke iya nufin "ƙasar tsuntsayen pheasants ".
Yanayin kasa
Koramar ash-Shati ta ratsa ta Fezzan daga arewa ( Wadi Al Shatii ) kuma daga yamma da Wadi Irawan. Wadannan yankuna guda biyu, tare da wasu sassan tsaunin Tibesti da ta tsallaka kan iyakar Chadi da kuma dausoyoyi a yankuna daban daban da iyakoki, su ne kadai sassan Fezzan da mutane ke iya rayuwa. Manyan tekuna kasa da aka fi sani da ergs na Idehan Ubari da Idehan Murzuq sun mamaye yawancin ƙasar Fezzan da ta rage.
Tarihi
Daga karni na 5 (kafin zuwan Yesu) zuwa karni na 5 (bayan zuwan Yesu), Fezzan ya kasance gida ga mutanen Garamantes, wanda ke tafiyar da hanyoyin kasuwanci na Trans-Saharan a jere tsakanin Carthage da Daular Roma a Arewacin Afirka da jihohin Sahelian na yamma da tsakiyar Afirka. Septimus Flaccus janar na mutanen Roma a shekara ta 19 K.Z. da Suetonius Paulinus a shekara ta 50 AZ sun jagoranci yaƙi zuwa arewacin hamadar sahara, kuma mai bincike na Roma Julius Maternus ya yi tafiya ta yankin a farkon ƙarni na 1 (bayan zuwan Yesu). Paulinus ya isa har yankin Fezzan sannan ya wuce kudu.
Da ƙarshen daular Romawa bayan rikicin kasuwanci ya gabato, yankin Fezzan ta fara mahimmancinta. Mafi yawan jama'ar ta sun ragu sosai saboda mamayewat hamadar Sahara a farkon zamanai na tsakiya.
A cikin ƙarni na 13 da na 14, Fezzan ya zama wani ɓangare na daular Kanem inda Kanem-Bornu ta faɗaɗa har zuwa yankin Zella, Libya. Yaki da tayi da Daular Kanem–Bornu a farkon karni na sha shida ya kai ga kafuwar daular Awlad Muhammad, inda Murzuk ya zama babban birnin Fezzan. A shekara ta 1565 Muhammad ibn al-Muntasir ne ya mulke.
Sarakunan Ottoman na Arewacin Afirka sun tabbatar da ikonsu a yankin a karni na 17. A zamanin Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) an yi amfani da Fezzan a matsayin sansanin 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa ga Matasan Turkawa domin ita ce lardi mafi nisa daga Istanbul.
Daga farkon 1911, Italiya ta mamaye yankin Fezzan. Duk da haka, ikon Italiya na yankin ya zamo mai wahala har zuwa akalla shekarar alif 1923, tare da hawan Benito Mussolini. Kabila larabawa masu bin tsarin addinin Sunusiya Sufaye sun bijirewa turawan Italiya a yunkurinsu na farko na mulkar yankn Kabilun Abzinawa na yankin sun sami kwanciyar hankali ne kawai ta hanyar fadada Turai jim kadan kafin yakin duniya na biyu, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun hada kai da Sojojin Italiya a kamfe na Arewacin Afirka.
Sojojin Free French sun mamaye Murzuk, babban garin Fezzan, a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 1943, kuma suka ci gaba da gudanar da Fezzan tare da ma'aikatan da ke a Sabha, sun kafa sansanin Sojoji na Fezzan-Ghadames. An yi amfani da gwamnatin Faransa sun mulke yankin ta hannun manyan Fezzan na dangin Sayf Al Nasr. ƙabilun da suka ki yin shiru sune Ghat na yammacin Fezzan, da yankinta da ke kewayenta, zuwa Aljeriya da Faransa ke mulka. Duk da haka, lokacin da ikon sojojin Faransa tazo karshe a 1951, daukakin yankin Fezzan ya zama wani ɓangare na Masarautar Libya.
Fezzan ta zamo tungar shugaban Libya Muammar Gaddafi a mafi yawancin yakin basasar Libya na 2011, ko da yake tun daga watan Yuli, dakarun adawa da Gaddafi sun fara samun galaba, inda suka kwace ikon birni mafi girma na yankin wato Sabha daga tsakiya zuwa karshen watan Satumba.
Lambar sirri shine LF (.lf) "a madadin" Libya Fezzan (na "lokacin da ba a sani ba") ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya (ISO).
Akwai rijiyoyin mai a Fezzan mai iya samar da kimanin barrel 400,000 na mai a kowace rana, amma kamfanonin mai suna kawo ma'aikatansu ne daga arewacin Libya. Kabilun yankin dai ba sa samun wani kudi daga cinikin man fetur, don haka suka koma yin safarar mai a sace daga yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara, wanda ke ciyar da matsalar bakin haure na Turai, kuma sana'ar ce ta dala biliyan 1 a kowace shekara.