cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Yancin Bayanai
Tsarin yanki
Yawan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na yanki, musamman ta hanyar kotuna, don kafa ƙa'idoji waɗanda suka shafi kariyar bayanai, keɓantawa da sa ido, waɗanda ke shafar dangantakarsu da amfani da aikin jarida. Majalisar Turai ta Yarjejeniya ta 108, Yarjejeniyar Kare Mutane game da sarrafa bayanan sirri ta atomatik, ta yi wani tsari na zamani don magance sabbin ƙalubalen sirri. Tun daga shekara ta 2012, sabbin kasashe hudu na majalisar Turai sun rattaba hannu ko kuma amince da yarjejeniyar, da kuma kasashe uku da ba na cikin majalisar, daga Afirka da Latin Amurka.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Akwai ƙoƙarin ci gaba dayawa na masana kimiyya, gwamnatoci, ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, da sauransu don tantance asalin SARS-CoV-2, ƙwayar da ke da alhakin cutar ta COVID-19. Mai masana kimiyya ce cewa kamar yadda tare da kuma sauran cututtukan annoba a tarihin dan Adam, da cutar ne m na zoonotic asalin a wata halitta saitin, sannan da kuma kyakkyawan samo asali daga wani jemage-haifa cutar. An gabatar da wasu bayanai da dama, gami da ra'ayoyin makirci da yawa game da asalin kwayar cutar.
Yancin Bayanai
Tsarin yanki
Kotunan yanki kuma suna taka rawar gani wajen haɓaka ƙa'idojin sirrin kan layi. A cikin 2015 Kotun Shari'a ta Turai ta gano cewa abin da ake kira 'Yarjejeniyar Tsaro ta Harbor', wanda ya ba kamfanoni masu zaman kansu damar '' isar da bayanan sirri daga masu biyan kuɗin Turai zuwa Amurka bisa doka, ba ta da inganci a ƙarƙashin dokar Turai a cikin hakan. bai ba da isassun kariya ga bayanan ƴan ƙasa na Turai ba ko kuma ya kare su daga sa ido na sabani. A cikin 2016, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai da Gwamnatin Amurka sun cimma yarjejeniya don maye gurbin Safe Harbour, Garkuwar Sirri na EU-US, wanda ya haɗa da wajibcin kariyar bayanai akan kamfanonin da ke karɓar bayanan sirri daga Tarayyar Turai, kariya ga gwamnatin Amurka samun damar shiga bayanai, kariya. da gyara ga daidaikun mutane, da kuma nazarin haɗin gwiwa na shekara-shekara don sa ido kan aiwatarwa.
Binciken Asali na Korona
SARS-CoV-2 yana da kamanceceniya ta kamanceceniya da coronaviruses jemagu da yawa da aka gano a baya, yana ba da shawarar cewa ya ratsa cikin mutane daga jemagu. Ana ci gaba da bincike kan ko SARS-CoV-2 ta fito ne kai tsaye daga jemagu ko a kaikaice ta kowane runduna ta tsakiya. Jerin kwayoyin halittar farko na kwayar cutar sun nuna bambancin bambancin kwayoyin halitta, duk da cewa daga baya wasu bambance-bambancen bambance-bambancen sun fito (wasu suna yaduwa da karfi), suna nuna cewa abin da ya haifar da bullar SARS-CoV-2 ga mutane yana iya faruwa a ƙarshen 2019. Hukumomin kiwon lafiya da masana kimiyya a duniya sun bayyana cewa kamar barkewar cutar ta SARS-1 a 2002-2004, ƙoƙarin gano takamaiman asalin yanki da asalin haraji na SARS-CoV-2 na iya ɗaukar shekaru, kuma sakamakon na iya zama mara ƙima.
Amin Mekki Medani
Nassoshi
2018-10-02.
Yancin Bayanai
Tsarin yanki
Hukuncin Kotun Turai ta 2014 a cikin shari'ar Google Spain ya ba wa mutane damar da'awar " haƙƙin mantawa " ko "haƙƙin da za a cire su" a cikin mahawara mai yawa don daidaitawa tsakanin sirri, ƴancin faɗar gaskiya da gaskiya. . Bayan shawarar Google Spain an amince da "haƙƙin mantawa" ko "haƙƙin cire sunayen" a cikin ƙasashe da yawa a duniya, musamman a Latin Amurka da Caribbean.
Binciken Asali na Korona
A cikin Janairu 2021, Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (kwamitin yanke shawara na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, WHO) ta ba da umarnin bincike kan asalin cutar, wanda za a gudanar tare tsakanin masana WHO da masana kimiyya na China. A cikin Maris din shekarata 2021, an buga sakamakon wannan binciken akan layi a cikin rahoto ga Kwamishinan WHO. Sake maimaita kimantawar yawancin masu ilimin viro,  rahoton ya ƙaddara cewa mai yiwuwa ƙwayar cutar tana da asalin zoonotic a cikin jemagu, mai yiwuwa ta watsa ta hanyar mai watsa shiri na tsakiya. Ta kuma bayyana cewa asalin dakin gwaje -gwaje na kwayar cutar “ba zai yiwu ba.” Masana kimiyya sun gano ƙarshen rahoton na WHO yana da taimako amma sun lura cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki. A Amurka, EU da wasu ƙasashe, wasu sun soki rashin gaskiya da samun bayanai a cikin tsarin rahoton. Hukumar ta WHO ta fitar da rahotonta na ranar 30 ga Maris tare da sanarwar babban daraktan WHO Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus yana mai cewa lamarin "yana bukatar karin bincike". Gwamnatin Amurka da wasu ƙasashe 13 da Tarayyar Turai sun ba da sanarwa a wannan rana, inda suka yi ta sukar Tedros game da rahoton saboda rashin gaskiya da samun bayanai a cikin tsara shi. A cikin wani taron manema labarai daga baya, babban daraktan na WHO ya ce "bai kai lokaci ba" ga rahoton na WHO don yin watsi da yuwuwar alaƙa tsakanin ɓarkewar dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma ya yi kira ga China da ta samar da  bayanai masu inganci  da binciken lab a mataki na biyu na bincike. A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2021, WHO ta ba da sanarwar sabuwar ƙungiya don yin nazarin asalin barkewar cutar sankara.
Yancin Bayanai
Tsarin yanki
Recital 153 na EU General Data Protection Regulation ya ce "Dokar ƙasashe membobi yakamata su daidaita ka'idojin ƴancin faɗar albarkacin baki da bayanai, gami da aikin jarida ... tare da haƙƙin kare bayanan sirri bisa ga wannan Dokar. Gudanar da bayanan sirri kawai don dalilai na aikin jarida…ya kamata ya kasance cikin ɓata lokaci ko keɓancewa daga wasu tanade-tanaden wannan Dokar idan ya cancanta don daidaita haƙƙin kare bayanan sirri tare da ƴancin faɗar albarkacin baki da bayanai, kamar yadda yake a cikin Mataki na 11 na Yarjejeniya."
Nar
Nar nepal Kwamitin ci gaban ƙauye a gundumar Manang a yankin Gandaki na arewacin Nepal
Nar Jaffar Khan, wani gari da majalisar ƙungiyoyi a gundumar Bannu na Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Nar, Jammu da Kashmir, ƙaramin ƙauye ne a gundumar Kotli, Azad Kashmir da Pakistan ke iko da shi
Yancin Bayanai
Tsarin ƙasa
A cewar Global Partners Digital, Jihohi huɗu ne kawai suka sami cikakken haƙƙin ɓoyewa a cikin dokokin ƙasa, kuma 31 sun ƙaddamar da dokar ƙasa wacce ta bai wa hukumomin tilasta doka ikon kutse ko ɓoye bayanan sirri.
Tasirin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu
Tun daga 2010, don haɓaka kariyar bayanai da sadarwar masu amfani da su da haɓaka amana ga ayyukansu'. Manyan misalan wannan shine yadda WhatsApp ya aiwatar da cikakken ɓoye bayanan ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe a cikin sabis ɗin saƙon sa, da fafatawar Apple na sammacin tilasta doka don buɗe iPhone ɗin da masu kai harin ta'addanci suka yi amfani da su. .
Kare tushen sirri da busa busa
Canje-canje cikin sauri a cikin yanayin dijital, haɗe tare da aikin ɗan jarida na zamani wanda ke ƙara dogaro da fasahar sadarwar dijital, yana haifar da sabbin haɗari don kare tushen aikin jarida. Manyan barazana na wannan zamani sun haɗa da fasahohin sa ido na jama'a, manufofin riƙe bayanan dole, da bayyana ayyukan dijital na sirri ta masu shiga tsakani na ɓangare na uku. Ba tare da cikakkiyar fahimtar yadda za a kare hanyoyin sadarwar su na dijital ba, ƴan jarida da majiyoyi na iya bayyana bayanan da ba da gangan ba. Yin aiki da dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kamar dokokin yaƙi da ta'addanci, don ƙetare kariyar doka da ake da su don kariyar tushe shima ya zama al'ada ta gama gari. A yankuna da yawa, dokokin sirri na dindindin ko sabbin dokokin tsaro ta yanar gizo suna yin barazana ga kariya daga tushe, kamar lokacin da suke bai wa gwamnatoci haƙƙin kutse hanyoyin sadarwar yanar gizo don amfanin fa'idodin ma'anar tsaron ƙasa.
An sami ci gaba a game da dokokin kariya daga tushe tsakanin 2007 zuwa tsakiyar 2015 a cikin 84 (kashi 69 cikin 100) na kasashe 121 da aka bincika. Yankin Larabawa ya sami cigaba mafi shahara, inda kashi 86 cikin 100 na Jihohi suka nuna sauyi, sai Latin Amurka da Caribbean (kashi 85), Asiya da Pacific (kashi 75), Yammacin Turai da Arewacin Amurka (66 bisa dari). cent) kuma a ƙarshe Afirka, inda kashi 56 cikin 100 na Jihohin da aka bincika sun sake duba dokokin kare tushen su.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, aƙalla ƙasashe 60 sun karɓi wani nau'i na kariyar bayanan sirri. A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, Yarjejeniyar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fara aiki a shekara ta 2005. A watan Yulin 2017, yawancin ƙasashe na duniya, 179 gaba ɗaya, sun amince da Yarjejeniyar, wanda ya haɗa da tanade-tanade don kare bayanan sirri. An kuma amince da yarjejeniyoyin yanki na yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa wanda ke kunshe da kariya ga masu busa bayanan sirri. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Yarjejeniyar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa tsakanin Amurka da Amurka, wadda kasashe membobi 33 suka amince da ita, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Hana da Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa, wadda ƙasashe mambobin UNESCO 36 suka amince da ita.
Jam'in watsa labarai
A cewar rahoton Trends na Duniya, samun damar yin amfani da kafofin watsa labaru iri-iri ya ƙaru tsakanin 2012 da 2016. Intanit ya yi rajista mafi girma a cikin masu amfani da ke tallafawa ta hanyar zuba jari mai yawa a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa da kuma gagarumin ci gaba a amfani da wayar hannu.
Yanar gizo da wayar hannu
Ajenda na 2030 na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Ci gaba mai dorewa, aikin Hukumar Broadband don Ci gaba mai dorewa, wanda UNESCO ke jagoranta, da ayyukan tsaka-tsaki na Majalisar Gudanar da Intanet kan 'Haɗa Biliyan Na gaba' tabbaci ne na alƙawuran duniya na samar da Intanet. samun dama ga kowa. A cewar ƙungiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa (ITU), a karshen shekarar 2017, an kiyasta kashi 48 cikin 100 na mutane a kai a kai suna yin amfani da intanet, daga kashi 34 cikin 100 a shekarar 2012. Duk da gagarumin ci gaban da aka samu a cikakken lambobi, duk da haka, a cikin wannan lokacin haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar masu amfani da intanet ya ragu, tare da haɓakar kashi biyar cikin 100 na shekara a cikin 2017, ya ragu daga haɓakar haɓakar kashi 10 cikin 100 a cikin 2012.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Tun da farko, a ranar 22 ga Yuli 2021, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta gudanar da taron manema labarai inda Zeng Yixin, Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa (NHC), ya ce China ba za ta shiga cikin kashi na biyu na binciken na WHO ba, tare da yin tir da shi a matsayin "m" da "girman kai".
Bayanan kimiyya
COVID-19 yana haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da kwayar cutar da ake kira matsanancin ciwon numfashi coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 da alama ya samo asali ne daga jemagu kuma an watsa shi ga mutane ta hanyar canja wurin zoonotic. Ainihin tarihin juyin halitta, ainihi da asalin kakanninsa na baya -bayan nan, da wuri, lokaci, da kuma tsarin watsa cutar ɗan adam na farko, har yanzu ba a san su ba. Ilimin halittu da rarraba yanki na sauran coronaviruses a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, gami da SARS-CoV, suna taimaka wa masana kimiyya ƙarin fahimta game da asalin SARS-CoV-2.
Ta hanyar haraji, SARS-CoV-2 kwayar cuta ce ta nau'in cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). An yi imanin yana da asalin zoonotic kuma yana da kamanceceniya ta dabi'a ga coronaviruses na jemage, yana ba da shawarar cewa ya fito daga kwayar cutar da ke ɗauke da jemagu. Ana ci gaba da bincike kan ko SARS-CoV-2 ta fito ne kai tsaye daga jemagu ko a kaikaice ta kowane runduna ta tsakiya. Kwayar cutar tana nuna ɗan bambancin bambancin kwayoyin halitta, yana nuna cewa yiwuwar zubar da jini wanda ke gabatar da SARS-CoV-2 ga mutane yana iya faruwa a ƙarshen 2019. Daga ƙarshe, takamaiman tarihin juyin halitta na SARS-CoV-2 dangane da sauran coronaviruses zai zama mahimmanci don fahimtar yadda, inda kuma lokacin da kwayar ta bazu cikin yawan mutane.
Tafki da asali
Cutar farko da aka sani daga SARS ‑ CoV ‑ 2 an gano ta a Wuhan, China. Asalin asalin watsa kwayar cutar ga mutane har yanzu ba a sani ba, kamar yadda ko kwayar cutar ta zama mai cutarwa kafin ko bayan faruwar lamarin. Saboda yawancin masu kamuwa da cutar da farko ma’aikata ne a Kasuwar Abincin Huanan, an ba da shawarar cewa mai yiwuwa cutar ta samo asali daga kasuwa. Koyaya, wasu bincike sun nuna cewa mai yiwuwa baƙi sun gabatar da ƙwayar cutar a kasuwa, wanda daga nan ya sauƙaƙe faɗaɗa cututtukan. Rahoton da WHO ta shirya a watan Maris na 2021 ya bayyana cewa kwararar dan adam ta hanyar mai masaukin dabbobi na tsaka-tsaki shine mafi yuwuwar bayani, tare da kwararar kai tsaye daga jemagu na gaba. Gabatarwa ta hanyar sarkar samar da abinci da Kasuwar Abincin Huanan an yi la'akari da wata yuwuwar, amma da ƙyar, bayani.
Don ƙwayar cuta da aka samu kwanan nan ta hanyar watsawa ta giciye, ana tsammanin saurin juyin halitta. Adadin maye gurbi da aka kiyasta daga farkon shari'o'in SARS-CoV-2 ya kasance 6.54 × 10−4 a kowane rukunin yanar gizo a kowace shekara. Coronaviruses gabaɗaya suna da filastik na ƙwayoyin cuta, amma juyin halittar hoto na SARS-CoV-2 yana raguwa ta hanyar sake fasalin RNA na kayan aikin kwafinsa. Don kwatantawa, an gano ƙimar maye gurbi a cikin vivo na SARS-CoV-2 ya yi ƙasa da na mura.
Bincike a cikin madatsar ruwa na ƙwayar cuta wanda ya haifar da barkewar SARS na 2002-2004 ya haifar da gano yawancin coronaviruses irin na SARS, mafi yawa sun samo asali ne daga jemagu. Binciken Phylogenetic yana nuna cewa samfuran da aka ɗauka daga Rhinolophus sinicus suna nuna kamannin 80% zuwa SARS -CoV -2. Binciken Phylogenetic ya kuma nuna cewa kwayar cutar daga Rhinolophus affinis, wanda aka tattara a lardin Yunnan kuma aka sanya RaTG13, yana da kamanni da kashi 96.1% na SARS -CoV -2. Wannan jerin shine mafi kusa da SARS-CoV-2 da aka sani a lokacin gano shi, amma ba shine kakansa kai tsaye ba. An kuma gano wasu jerin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da juna a cikin samfura daga yawan jemagu na gida, kuma an sami mafi kusanci a cikin BANAL-20-52 (BANAL-52), ƙwayar jemagu daga Laos wanda aka fara bayyana shi a watan Satumba 2021, wanda ke raba ainihi har zuwa 100% don wasu sunadarai da jimlar jimlar jimlar kashi 96.8% tare da SARS-CoV-2
ats ana ɗauka mafi girman tafkin halitta na SARS -CoV -2. Bambance -bambance tsakanin jemagu coronavirus da SARS -CoV ‑ 2 suna ba da shawarar cewa wataƙila mutane sun kamu da cutar ta hanyar mai masaukin baki; ko da yake ba a san tushen gabatarwa cikin mutane ba.
Kodayake an fara gabatar da rawar pangolins a matsayin mai masaukin tsaka-tsaki (wani binciken da aka buga a watan Yuli 2020 ya ba da shawarar cewa pangolins babban mai watsa shirye-shirye ne na SARS-CoV-2-like coronaviruses), binciken da ya biyo baya bai tabbatar da gudummawar da suka bayar ba. Shaida kan wannan hasashe ya haɗa da cewa samfuran ƙwayoyin cuta na pangolin sun yi nisa da SARS-CoV-2: warewar da aka samu daga pangolins da aka kama a Guangdong sun kasance daidai da kashi 92% a jere ga tsarin SARS ‑ CoV ‑ 2 genome (matakan sama da kashi 90 na iya sauti babba, amma a cikin yanayin jinsi yana da rata mai yawa na juyin halitta). Bugu da kari, duk da kamanceceniya a cikin wasu mahimmin amino acid, samfuran kwayar cutar pangolin suna nuna rashin dauri ga mai karɓar ACE2 na ɗan adam. Akwai shaidar kimiyya da ke akwai tana nuna cewa SARS-CoV-2 tana da asalin zoonotic na halitta. Amma duk da haka asalinsa, wanda har yanzu ba a san shi ba, ya zama muhawara a cikin mahallin rikicin geopolitical na duniya. A farkon barkewar cutar, ra'ayoyin makirci sun bazu a kafafen sada zumunta suna iƙirarin cewa kwayar cutar makami ce ta halittar da China ta haɓaka,   ɗakunan da ake kira echo a cikin Amurka na dama. Sauran ka'idodin maƙarƙashiya sun inganta ba da labari cewa cutar ba mai yaduwa ba ce ko an ƙirƙira ta don cin gajiyar sabbin alluran rigakafi.
Wasu 'yan siyasa da masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa watakila kwayar cutar ta bulla ne da gangan daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan. Hakan ya sa kafafen yada labarai suka yi ta kiraye-kirayen a ci gaba da bincike kan lamarin. Yawancin masana ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka yi nazarin coronaviruses suna la'akari da yuwuwar nesa sosai. Rahoton da WHO ta kira daga Maris 2021 ya bayyana cewa irin wannan bayanin ba zai yuwu ba. A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 2021, Peter Ben Embarek, babban mai binciken kungiyar ta WHO, ya fada wa wani shirin talabijin na Danish cewa kungiyar ta WHO ta ji matsin lamba daga hukumomin kasar Sin da su sanya "mafi wuya" a matsayin tantancewar su.
Yanayin asali
Asalin SARS-CoV-2 ya kasance batun muhawara. Akwai bayanai da yawa da aka gabatar game da yadda aka shigar da SARS-CoV-2 a cikin, da haɓakar abubuwan da suka dace da, yawan ɗan adam. Akwai mahimmin shaida da yarjejeniya cewa mafi kusantar asalin tafki mai hoto hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri don SARS-CoV-2 shine jemagu na doki, tare da sanannen dangin hoto na hoto shine RaTG13. An kiyasta nisa na juyin halitta tsakanin SARS-CoV-2 da RaTG13 kusan shekaru 50 (tsakanin shekaru 38 zuwa 72. An gano farkon shari'ar ɗan adam na SARS-CoV-2 a Wuhan, amma har yanzu ba a san yanayin cutar ba. An yi samfurin RaTG13 daga jemagu a Yunnan, yana da kusan 1300 km nesa da Wuhan, kuma akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na jemage daga lardin Hubei.  Kowane hasashe na asali yana ƙoƙarin bayyana wannan rata a cikin juyin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta da wuri ta wata hanya dabam. Ana ci gaba da bincika waɗannan al'amuran don gano ainihin asalin cutar.
Kai tsaye watsa zoonotic a cikin yanayin yanayi
Hanya mafi kai tsaye ta gabatarwa ita ce watsa zoonotic kai tsaye (wanda kuma aka sani da spillover) daga nau'in tafki zuwa ga mutane. Masana kimiyya sunyi la'akari da wannan a matsayin mai yuwuwar asalin kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 a cikin mutane. Haɗin ɗan adam da jemagu ya ƙaru yayin da cibiyoyin jama'a ke mamaye wuraren zama na jemagu, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin damar zubewa. Jemage wani muhimmin nau'in tafki ne na nau'ikan coronaviruses daban-daban, kuma an sami mutane da ƙwayoyin rigakafi a gare su suna ba da shawarar cewa wannan nau'in kamuwa da cuta kai tsaye ta jemagu ya zama ruwan dare. Koyaya, a cikin wannan yanayin, kakannin kai tsaye na SARS-CoV-2 ya kasance ba a gano shi a cikin jemagu ba.
Mai masaukin baki
Baya ga zubewar kai tsaye, wata hanya, wacce masana kimiyya suka yi la'akari sosai, ita ce ta watsa ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki. Musamman, wannan ya nuna cewa a gicciye jinsunan watsa faru kafin da mutum fashewa da kuma cewa shi ya pathogenic sakamakon a kan dabba. Wannan hanyar tana da yuwuwar ba da damar haɓaka mafi girma ga watsawar ɗan adam ta hanyar dabbobi masu kama da sifofin furotin ga mutane, kodayake ba a buƙatar wannan don yanayin ya faru. An yi bayanin rabuwar juyin halitta daga ƙwayoyin cuta na jemage a wannan yanayin ta kasancewar kwayar cutar a cikin wani nau'in da ba a sani ba tare da ƙarancin sa ido kan ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da jemagu. Ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta don sauƙaƙewa da daidaitawa ga ƙarin nau'in (ciki har da mink) yana ba da shaida cewa irin wannan hanyar watsawa yana yiwuwa.
Sarkar sanyi/abinci
Wani gabatarwar da aka tsara ga ɗan adam shine ta samfuran abinci sabo ko daskararre, wanda ake magana da shi azaman sarkar sanyi/abinci. Masana kimiyya ba sa ɗaukar wannan a matsayin wata ila asalin SARS-CoV-2 a cikin mutane. Dabbobin tushen wannan yanayin zai iya zama ko dai kai tsaye ko kuma na tsaka-tsaki kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Yawancin bincike sun ta'allaka ne a kusa da Kasuwar Kasuwar Abincin Teku ta Huanan a Wuhan, wacce ke da tarin lokuta na farko. Yayin da aka sami barkewar cutar kwayar cuta ta abinci a baya, da kuma shaidar sake bullo da SARS-CoV-2 cikin kasar Sin ta hanyar abinci mai daskarewa da aka shigo da su, binciken bai sami cikakkiyar shaidar kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta a cikin samfuran a Kasuwar Huanan ba.
Lamarin dakin gwaje-gwaje
Wani labari na ƙarshe, wanda yawancin masana ke ganin ba zai yuwu ba, kuma an yi la'akari da "ba zai yuwu ba" ta binciken da WHO ta kira, shine shigar da kwayar cutar ga mutane ta hanyar wani lamari na dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda aka sani da shi. hasashe na leak. Wannan yanayin zai shafi ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwajen kamuwa da cutar daga hulɗa da jemagu masu rai (daji ko fursuna), daga hulɗa da samfuran halitta, ko kuma daga cuɗanya da ƙwayoyin cuta da ake girma a cikin vitro. Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan (WIV) ta gudanar da bincike kan coronaviruses na jemage tun 2005, kuma ta gano kwayar cutar RaTG13 a cikin 2013, wanda shine sanannen dangi na SARS-CoV-2. Bukatun bincike na WIV sun haɗa da bincike kan tushen fashewar 2002-2004 SARS da barkewar MERS na 2012, tare da haɗin gwiwar masu binciken Amurka. Kusancin dakin gwaje-gwajen da kasuwar abincin teku ta Huanan ya sa wasu ke hasashen akwai alaka tsakanin su biyun, da 'yan siyasa, masu watsa labarai, kuma wasu masana kimiyya sun yi kira da a ci gaba da bincike kan lamarin. Masana sun yi watsi da yin amfani da kwayar cutar da gangan (watau injiniyan halittu ) a matsayin asali mai ma'ana, saboda rashin shaidar da za ta taimaka, da girma shaida a cikin ni'imar na halitta asali.
Binciken da ya biyo baya (kamar binciken da WHO ta kira) yayi la'akari da yuwuwar kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta dabi'a ta cutar da ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje ba da gangan ba. A ranar 15 ga Yuli 2021 WHO darektan-janar Tedros Adhanom ya bayyana a wani jawabin da ya kasance wani "wanda bai kai da tura" raunana ra'ayin wani Lab zuba. Daga baya a cikin wannan jawabin, ya faɗaɗa, “Ni ƙwararren Lab ne, masanin rigakafi, kuma na yi aiki a cikin lab. Kuma hatsarurruka na lab suna faruwa." Hukumar ta WHO ta shirya kashi na biyu na bincike wanda zai hada da "binciken dakunan gwaje-gwaje da cibiyoyin bincike". Duk da haka, kasar Sin ta yi watsi da wannan shirin tana mai cewa "ba shi yiwuwa a gare mu mu yarda da irin wannan shirin gano asali".
Wani mahimmin ka'idar leak ta wasu mambobin gwamnatin China ne suka gabatar da su wadanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa kwayar ta fito ne daga dakin gwaje-gwajen sojan Amurka. Bukatun kasar Sin na binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na Amurka a Fort Detrick an ce an yi niyya ne don kawar da hankali daga Wuhan.
Gwamnatin kasar Sin
Binciken farko da aka gudanar a kasar Sin shi ne na Hukumar Lafiya ta birnin Wuhan, inda ta mayar da martani ga asibitocin da ke ba da rahoton bullar cutar huhu da ba a san ko wane irin yanayi ba, wanda ya haifar da rufe kasuwar sayar da abincin teku ta Huanan a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2020 saboda tsaftar muhalli da kuma kawar da cutar. Tun farko dai ana zargin kasuwar ne tushen kwayar cutar; duk da haka, gwamnatin China da WHO sun yanke shawarar daga baya cewa ba haka ba ne.
Amin Mekki Medani
Nassoshi
3. ^ a b c "Dr. Amin Mekki Medani". Tom
Lantos Human Rights Commission. US
Congress. 2015-09-23. Retrieved
2018-10-02. This article incorporates text
from this source, which is in the public
4. ^ a b "EU: The upcoming elections cannot
produce a credible result with legitimacy
sudanhr.org. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
5. ^ Mekki Medani, Amin. "European
Binciken Asali na Korona
Gwamnatin kasar Sin
A cikin Afrilu 2020, China ta sanya takunkumi kan buga binciken ilimi kan sabon coronavirus. Binciken asalin cutar zai sami ƙarin bincike kuma dole ne jami'an Gwamnatin Tsakiya su amince da su. Ƙuntatawa ba su hana bincike ko bugawa ba, gami da masu binciken da ba na China ba; Ian Lipkin, masanin kimiyar Amurka, yana aiki tare da tawagar masu bincike na kasar Sin karkashin kulawar cibiyar dakile cututtuka da rigakafin cututtuka ta kasar Sin, wata hukumar gwamnatin kasar Sin, domin gudanar da bincike kan asalin cutar. Lipkin yana da dadaddiyar alaka da jami'an kasar Sin, ciki har da firaministan kasar Li Keqiang, saboda gudunmuwar da ya bayar wajen yin gwajin gaggawa ga SARS a shekarar 2003.
Alemayehu Atomsa
Alemayehu Atomsa (Harshen አለማየው ፡ አቶምሳ  ; 12 ga Fabrairun 1969 – 6 Maris 2014) ɗan siyasan Habasha ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban yankin Oromo, mafi girma daga cikin yankunan ƙasar, daga shekarar 2010 har zuwa lokacin da ya sake ajiye aiki saboda rashin lafiya a 2014. An haifeshi a Bonaya Boshe, Welega.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Gwamnatin Trump
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2020, darektan Ofishin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Fadar White House ya bukaci Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, Injiniya, da Magunguna ta kasa da su kira wani taro na "masana, masana kimiyyar halittu na duniya, kwararrun coronavirus, da masanan juyin halitta", don " tantance menene bayanai, bayanai da samfurori da ake buƙata don magance abubuwan da ba a sani ba, don fahimtar asalin juyin halitta na COVID-19 da kuma ba da amsa da kyau ga duka fashewa da duk wani bayanin da ya haifar".
Lil Ameer
An haifi Ameer Hassan a ranar 22 ga watan Mayu, shekarata 2003 kuma ya fara sana'ar waka tun yana dan shekara 9. Ya samu goyon baya daga iyayensa, ba kasafai ba a wannan al'ummar musulmi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Ya ƙware wajen yin waƙa a ɗan gajeren aikinsa. Tun farkon nasararsa ta “Zaman Lafiya,” Lil Ameer ya sami wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo a manyan tashoshin Kano, kuma ya zama masoyin al’ummar Hausawa hip-hop.
Amin Mekki Medani
Nassoshi
Parliament" (PDF). European Parliament.
Lil Ameer
Mutuwarsa
Ameer bello Hassan ya mutu a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba, shekarata 2017), wanda aka fi sani da Lil Ameer, ‘Dan Autan Mawaka, mawakin Najeriya ne kuma mawaki, kuma mai nishadantarwa. Shi ne matashin matashin mawaki daga arewacin Najeriya kuma daya daga cikin jaruman matasa masu sana'ar hip hop da suka yi fice a Najeriya.Saurayin mawakin rap na Kano, Ameer Hassan aka Lil ameer, ya rasu bayan hatsarin mota a jiya,a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba, shekarata 2017. Lil Ameer ya fara sana'ar rap yana da shekaru 9. Za a yi jana'izarsa a yau Juma'a a jihar Kano.
Alemayehu Atomsa
Atomsa ya mutu ne daga guba da ya ci a ranar 6 ga Maris 2014 a asibitin kasa da kasa na Bumrungrad da ke Bangkok, Thailand. Ya kasance shekaru 45.
Amin Mekki Medani
Nassoshi
6. ^ "EL KARIB & MEDANI ADVOCATES".
Binciken Asali na Korona
Gwamnatin Trump
A watan Afrilun 2020, an ba da rahoton cewa, jami'an leken asirin Amurka suna gudanar da bincike kan ko kwayar cutar ta fito ne daga wani kwatsam da aka yi daga dakin binciken kasar Sin. Hasashen yana ɗaya daga cikin damammaki da masu binciken ke bi. Sakataren tsaron Amurka Mark Esper ya ce sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar bai kai ga cimma ruwa ba. Ya zuwa karshen Afrilu 2020, Ofishin Daraktan Leken Asiri na Kasa ya ce kungiyar leken asirin Amurka ta yi imanin cewa coronavirus ba mutum ne ya yi ba ko kuma an canza shi ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta.
Jami'an Amurka sun soki "sharuɗɗan tunani" da ke baiwa masana kimiyyar China damar yin kashi na farko na binciken farko. A ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2021, Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Mike Pompeo ya ce don taimakawa aikin tawagar binciken na WHO da tabbatar da cikakken bincike na gaskiya game da asalin COVID-19, Amurka tana musayar sabbin bayanai tare da yin kira ga WHO da ta matsa wa gwamnatin China don magance matsalar. takamaiman batutuwa guda uku, gami da cututtukan masu bincike da yawa a cikin WIV a cikin kaka 2019 "tare da alamun da suka dace da duka COVID-19 da cututtukan yanayi na yau da kullun", binciken WIV akan " RaTG13 " da" samun aiki ", da haɗin gwiwar WIV zuwa Rundunar Jama'a. A ranar 18 ga Janairu, Amurka ta yi kira ga kasar Sin da ta ba wa kwararrun kungiyar ta WHO damar yin hira da "masu ba da kulawa, tsoffin marasa lafiya da ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje" a cikin birnin Wuhan, tare da tsawatawa daga gwamnatin kasar Sin. Ostiraliya ta kuma yi kira ga ƙungiyar ta WHO ta sami damar yin amfani da "bayanan da suka dace, bayanai da mahimman wurare".
Wani rahoto da aka keɓe daga Mayu 2020 na Laboratory National Lawrence Livermore, wani dakin gwaje-gwaje na gwamnatin Amurka, ya kammala da cewa hasashen cewa kwayar cutar ta fito daga WIV "yana da ma'ana kuma ya cancanci ƙarin bincike", kodayake rahoton ya kuma lura cewa cutar za ta iya tasowa. a dabi'ance, yana mai da ra'ayin jama'ar leken asirin Amurka, kuma ba ya bayar da "bindigar shan taba" ga ko wanne hasashe.
Biden administration
A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 2021, Fadar White House ta ce tana da "damuwa mai zurfi" game da yadda aka ba da rahoton binciken na WHO da kuma tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi don isa gare su. Da yake nuna damuwar da gwamnatin Trump ta nuna, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro Jake Sullivan ya ce yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa rahoton da WHO ta kira ya zama mai zaman kansa kuma "ba tare da canji daga gwamnatin China ba". A ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2021, Daraktan leken asiri na kasa Avril Haines, tare da sauran jami'an gwamnatin Biden, sun ce ba su yanke hukuncin yiwuwar hadarin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba a matsayin asalin kwayar cutar ta COVID-19.
UNESCO
UNESCO Hukuma ce mai kula da guraren tarihi na al'adu ta duniya, Majalisar dinkin dunuya ce ta samar da ita. Hukumar ta UNESCO ce ke zabar waje tare da kulawa da shi. Wuraren sun hada da (dazuka, tsaunuka, tafkuna, Sahara, Gine gine da birane). Yazuwa shekarar 2014, akwai irin wadannan wuraren guda 1007 a kasashe 161. Akwai wurare na al'adu 779 da wurare na min indallah 197 da kuma gine gine na hadakar kafarori 31. Italiya ce tafi kowacce kasa yawan wadannan wuraren inda take da guda 50. UNESCO na bukatar kowanne dan'adam da ya taimake ta wajen kare wadannan wurare. Wasu lokutan UNESCO na biyan wani kasafi na kudade domin ganin anci gaba da kare hadi da taskance su wadannan wuraren. Kungiyar dake fafutukar kafa daular musulunci a yankin Iraki wati ISIS ta lalata wadannan wuraren da dama a kasashen Siriya da Iraki.
Wuraren
Wasu daga wuraren tarihi wanda hukimar UNICEF take taskance da su.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Biden administration
A ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2021, Shugaba Joe Biden ya umurci kungiyar leken asirin Amurka da su fitar da rahoto cikin kwanaki 90 kan ko kwayar cutar ta COVID-19 ta samo asali ne daga cudanya da dabba da ta kamu da cutar ko kuma ta hanyar leken asiri na bazata, yana bayyana tsaron kasarsa. ma'aikatan sun ce babu isassun shaidun da za su tantance ko dai hasashe zai iya yiwuwa. A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2021, Ofishin Daraktan Leken Asirin na Kasa ya fitar da takaitaccen bayani game da bincikensu, tare da babban batu shi ne cewa rahoton ya ci gaba da kasancewa maras tushe game da asalin kwayar cutar, tare da raba hukumomin leken asiri kan tambayar. Rahoton ya kuma kara da cewa, mai yiwuwa ba a yi amfani da kwayar cutar ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta ba, kuma kasar Sin ba ta da masaniya kan cutar kafin barkewar cutar. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa, ba zai yuwu a tantance asalin asalin ba, ba tare da hadin gwiwa daga gwamnatin kasar Sin ba, yana mai cewa rashin nuna gaskiya a baya "yana nuna rashin tabbas na gwamnatin kasar Sin game da inda bincike zai kai, da kuma takaicin da ta nuna cewa. kasashen duniya na amfani da batun wajen yin matsin lamba na siyasa kan kasar Sin."
A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2021, Jaridar Wall Street Journal ta ruwaito cewa wani rahoton leken asirin Amurka da ba a bayyana a baya ya bayyana cewa masu bincike uku daga Cibiyar Nazarin Virology ta Wuhan sun kamu da rashin lafiya a watan Nuwamba 2019 don neman kulawar asibiti. Rahoton bai fayyace ko menene ciwon ba. Jami'ai da suka saba da bayanan sun banbanta game da ƙarfin da ya tabbatar da hasashen cewa kwayar cutar da ke da alhakin COVID-19 ta fito daga WIV. Rahoton na WSJ ya lura cewa ba sabon abu ba ne mutane a China su je asibiti tare da mura marasa rikitarwa ko alamun mura.
Yuan Zhiming, darektan dakin gwaje-gwajen Biosafety na WIV na WIV, ya mayar da martani a cikin Global Times, wata kafar yada labarai ta kasar Sin, cewa "da'awar ba ta da tushe". Marion Koopmans, memba na ƙungiyar binciken WHO, ya bayyana adadin cututtuka masu kama da mura a WIV a cikin 2019 a matsayin "cikakkiyar al'ada". Ma'aikata a WIV dole ne su ba da samfuran maganin magani na shekara. Shi Zhengli masanin cutar WIV ya ce a cikin 2020 cewa, dangane da kimanta waɗancan samfuran maganin, duk ma'aikatan sun gwada rashin lafiyar ƙwayoyin rigakafin COVID-19.
An sake farfado da ka'idar hadarin dakin gwaje-gwaje a wani bangare ta hanyar bugawa, a cikin watan Mayu 2021, na imel na farko tsakanin Anthony Fauci da masana kimiyya da ke tattaunawa kan batun, kafin a cire magudi da gangan har zuwa Maris 2020.
A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2021, Kwamitin Majalisar kan Kimiyya, Sararin Samaniya da Fasaha ya gudanar da zaman majalisa na farko kan asalin cutar. Bill Foster, dan Democrat na Illinois wanda ya jagoranci sauraron karar, ya ce rashin gaskiyar gwamnatin China ba ita kanta shaida ce ta leburori ba kuma ya yi gargadin cewa ba za a iya sanin amsoshi ba ko da bayan gwamnatin ta fitar da rahoton leken asirinta. Shaidu kwararre Stanley Perlman da David Relman sun gabatar wa dan majalisar bayanai daban-daban da suka gabatar dangane da asalin cutar da kuma yadda ake gudanar da bincike.
A ranar 16 ga Yuli 2021, CNN ta ba da rahoton cewa jami'an gwamnatin Biden sun ɗauki ka'idar leak ɗin lab "a matsayin abin dogaro" a matsayin ka'idar asalin halitta.
Piguita
Carlos Ilídio Moreno Gomes (an haife shi 7 Disamba 1970), wanda aka sani da Piguita, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Cape Verde mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasa mai tsaron baya.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ayyana cewa gano inda SARS-CoV-2 ta fito shine fifiko kuma yana da "mahimmanci don fahimtar yadda cutar ta fara." A cikin Mayu 2020, Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya, wacce ke mulkin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), ta zartar da wani kuduri da ke kira da a yi "cikakkiyar nazari, mai zaman kansa da rashin son kai" game da cutar ta COVID-19. Kasashe 137 da suka hada da China ne suka dauki nauyin wannan kudiri, inda suka ba da gagarumin goyon bayan kasashen duniya kan binciken. A tsakiyar shekarar 2020, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta fara tattaunawa da gwamnatin kasar Sin kan gudanar da wani bincike a hukumance kan tushen COVID-19.
Abdoulaye Mamani
Abdoulaye Mamani (1932-1993) mawaƙin Nijar ne, marubuci kuma ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwadago.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya
A watan Nuwamba 2020, WHO ta buga wani shiri na nazari mai kashi biyu. Manufar kashi na farko shi ne don fahimtar yadda kwayar cutar "zai iya fara yaduwa a Wuhan", kuma kashi na biyu ya ƙunshi nazarin dogon lokaci bisa sakamakon binciken kashi na farko. Darakta Janar na WHO Tedros Adhanom ya ce "Muna bukatar sanin asalin wannan kwayar cutar saboda za ta iya taimaka mana wajen hana barkewar cutar nan gaba," ya kara da cewa, "Babu wani abu da za mu boye. Muna son sanin asali, kuma shi ke nan." Ya kuma bukaci kasashen da kada su sanya siyasa a tsarin gano asali, yana mai cewa hakan ba zai haifar da cikas ba ga sanin gaskiya.
Piguita
Aikin kulob
An haifi Piguita a Praia. Ya isa Portugal yana da shekaru 22 daga Sporting Clube da Praia, inda ya sha fama da faduwa a gasar Premier sau biyu a jere tare da FC Famalicão da SC Beira-Mar.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Mataki na 1
A kashi na farko, hukumar ta WHO ta kafa wata tawaga ta masu bincike guda goma wadanda suka kware a fannin nazarin halittu, kiwon lafiyar jama'a da dabbobi domin gudanar da cikakken nazari. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da ƙungiyar ta yi shi ne ta sake yin la'akari da abin da ake sayar da namun daji a kasuwannin cikin gida da ke Wuhan. Tawagar WHO ta kashi daya ta isa Wuhan, Hubei, China a watan Janairun 2021.
Roland Agambire
Roland Agambire (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Afrilun shekarar 1976) ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan Ghana ne. Ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa na Agams Holdings kuma shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na kamfanin sadarwa da fasahar sadarwa Rlg Communications.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Mataki na 1
Mambobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da Thea Fisher, John Watson, Marion Koopmans, Dominic Dwyer, Vladimir Dedkov, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fabian Leendertz, Peter Daszak, Farag El Moubasher, da Ken Maeda. Tawagar ta kuma hada da kwararrun WHO guda biyar karkashin jagorancin Peter Ben Embarek, da wakilai biyu na Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma, da wakilai biyu daga Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Dabbobi ta Duniya.
Roland Agambire
Ya kafa Roagam Links a cikin watan Maris 2001, sannan a matsayin hanyar gyaran wayar hannu wanda ya fadada daga baya ya zama kamfani na farko na samar da bayanai da fasahar sadarwa na asali a Ghana. An ce kungiyar ta Rlg tana a kasashen China, Dubai, UAE, Angola, Nigeria, Kenya da Gambia, Afirka ta Kudu, Ghana, da Rwanda.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Mataki na 1
Shigar da Peter Daszak a cikin tawagar ya haifar da cece-kuce. Daszak shi ne shugaban EcoHealth Alliance, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke nazarin abubuwan da suka faru, kuma ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwa fiye da shekaru 15 tare da Shi Zhengli, daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan na Cibiyar Cututtuka masu tasowa. Yayin da Daszak ya kware sosai kan dakunan gwaje-gwajen kasar Sin da kuma bullar cututtuka a yankin, dangantakarsa da WIV wasu na kallonsa a matsayin cin karo da sha'awar binciken hukumar ta WHO. Lokacin da wani dan jaridan BBC ya tambaya game da dangantakarsa da WIV, Daszak ya ce, "Muna shigar da takardun mu, duk a can ne kowa ya gani."
Roland Agambire
Ƙuruciya da ilimi
An haifi Agambire a garin Sirigu da ke arewacin Ghana. Ya sami horo a matsayin malami sannan ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana, inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin harkokin kasuwanci.
Rlg Sadarwa
Kamfanin sadarwa na Rlg yana daukar ma'aikata kusan 500 na dindindin, wasu 1,000 kuma ya samar da ayyukan yi ga matasa sama da 30,000. a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban da gwamnati. Reshen horar da kamfaninsa, Rlg Institute of Technology yana aiwatar da irin wannan tsare-tsare a Najeriya da Gambia, tare da aiki da gwamnatocin.
AGAMS Holdings Limited
Agambire kuma shine shugaban zartarwa na AGAMS Holdings Limited kuma shine ke da alhakin gudanar da tsare-tsare da sarrafa manyan kamfanoni guda goma sha ɗaya waɗanda suka haɗa da hannun jari. Ya ci lambar yabo da kyaututtuka na gida da na waje da yawa don ƙirƙira, kasuwanci, sadaukar da kai don haɓakawa da taimakon jama'a.
Abdoulaye Mamani
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Mamani a shekara ta 1932 a Zinder, Nijar. Ya kasance ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwadago. A shekarar 1980 ya buga littafinsa mai suna Sarraounia, wanda ya danganta da yaƙin Lougou na gaske tsakanin sarauniya Azna Sarraounia da Sojojin Faransa na mulkin mallaka. Don rubuta littafin, ya yi amfani da rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta da kuma tarihin baka. An daidaita littafin a cikin fim na 1986 (wanda ake kira Sarraounia) na darekta Med Hondo.
Roland Agambire
AGAMS Holdings Limited
A cikin watan Satumba 2012, ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta mutum da aka ba da Chartered Institute of Marketing Ghana ( CIMG ) Marketing Man of the Year for 2011. Ɗaya daga cikin samfuransa, wayar Rlg, ita ma an yanke hukuncin samfurin na shekarar 2011.
Abdoulaye Mamani
Mutuwa
Mamani ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a shekarar 1993 tsakanin Zinder da Yamai.
Roland Agambire
AGAMS Holdings Limited
A cikin matsayi na shekarar 2012 na Ghana Club 100, Agambire's Rlg ya kasance kamfani na biyu mafi kyau a Ghana ta Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Ghana. An kuma ba wa kamfanin hukunci a kan Kamfani mafi sauri a Ghana, Shugaban sashen ICT na Ghana da kuma wanda ya fi kowa shiga kungiyar 100. Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu mai suna Roland a cikin 'yan takara 12 na karshe a shekarar 2012 Africa Awards for entrepreneurship kamar yadda Ernst da Young West Africa suka sanya shi a cikin 'yan wasa na karshe a cikin 2011 entrepreneur entrepreneurs Awards. A watan Janairun 2013, gidan talabijin na Pan African Television, E-TV ya zabe shi a matsayin dan Ghana mafi tasiri a shekarar 2012 a wata kuri'ar da ta gudanar a tsakanin masu kallonta, kuma daga baya ya zama gwarzon dan kasuwa na shekara ta 2012 a wata gasa da ta shirya. Gidauniyar Kasuwanci ta Ghana. Ya lashe Gwarzon dan kasuwan Ghana na shekarar 2013 a City People Awards for Excellence.
Sauran harkokin kasuwanci
Agambire ya yi jawabi da yawa daga manyan abubuwan duniya da na gida ciki har da ikilisiyoyin jami'o'i, taron kasuwanci, bikin bayar da kyaututtuka da taro. Ya kasance babban bako na kungiyar Bankin Duniya a matsayin mai ba da taimako ga wani taron karawa juna sani kan samar da ayyukan yi ga matasa a yammacin Afirka a Abuja babban birnin Najeriya da kuma ofishin jakadancin Amurka da ke Ghana kan shirin jagoranci na kasuwanci a Arewacin Ghana. A baya ya taba gabatar da jawabi a wajen taron kasuwanci na Afrika karo na daya a Jami'ar Robert Gordon da ke Scotland a kasar Birtaniya da kuma taron kasuwanci na duniya na Afirka a Dubai.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Sakamakon bincike
A watan Fabrairun 2021, bayan gudanar da wani bangare na bincikensu, WHO ta bayyana cewa yiwuwar asalin COVID-19 wani lamari ne na zoonotic daga kwayar cutar da ke yawo a cikin jemagu, mai yiwuwa ta wani jigilar dabba, kuma mai yiwuwa lokacin yadawa ga mutane yana zuwa. karshen 2019.
Roland Agambire
Sauran harkokin kasuwanci
A halin yanzu Rlg yana da Ofishinsa na Duniya a Dubai, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan kamfanoni na Afirka da suka kafa cibiyarsa ta duniya a wannan yanki na duniya. A shekarar 2013 ya sanar da cewa yana saka hannun jari a Hope City, wani aikin dalar Amurka biliyan 10 don cibiyar IT kusa da Accra, wanda aka yi niyya ya ƙunshi ginin mafi tsayi a Afirka. Bayan duk abin yabo da hankalin kafofin watsa labaru, Hope City ya kasance wani shiri akan takarda kuma a halin yanzu ba a shirya shi ba.
Binciken Asali na Korona
Sakamakon bincike
Sinawa da masana na kasa da kasa wadanda suka gudanar da binciken tare da WHO sun yi la'akari da cewa "ba shi da wuya" COVID-19 ya fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje. Kungiyar ta WHO ta gano babu wata shaida ta leburori daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, tare da shugaban kungiyar Peter Ben Embarek ya bayyana cewa "ba shi da wuya" saboda ka'idojin aminci a wurin. A cikin wata hira ta mintuna 60 da Lesley Stahl, Peter Daszak, wani memba na kungiyar ta WHO, ya bayyana tsarin binciken da cewa jerin tambayoyi ne da amsoshi tsakanin tawagar WHO da ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje na Wuhan. Stahl ya yi tsokaci cewa tawagar "kawai suna daukar maganarsu ne kawai", wanda Daszak ya amsa, "To, me kuma za mu iya yi? Akwai iyaka ga abin da za ku iya yi kuma mun ci gaba har zuwa iyakar. Muka yi musu tambayoyi masu tsauri. Ba a tantance su a gaba ba. Kuma amsoshin da suka bayar, mun ga abin gaskatawa ne—daidai kuma tabbatacce.”
Binciken ya kuma bayyana cewa, da wuya a yi canjawa wuri daga dabbobi zuwa mutane a Kasuwar Abincin Tekun Huanan, tun da an tabbatar da kamuwa da cututtuka ba tare da wata hanyar da aka sani ba, kafin barkewar cutar a kewayen kasuwar. A cikin sanarwar da ta bai wa wasu ƙwararrun ƙasashen waje mamaki, binciken haɗin gwiwar ya kammala cewa watsawa da wuri ta hanyar sarkar sanyi na samfuran daskararre abu ne mai yuwuwa.
A cikin Maris 2021, WHO ta buga rubutaccen rahoto tare da sakamakon binciken. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ta bayyana cewa akwai yanayi guda huɗu don gabatarwa:
Rahoton ya ambaci cewa watsa zoonotic kai tsaye ga mutane yana da abin koyi, saboda yawancin coronaviruses na ɗan adam na yanzu sun samo asali ne daga dabbobi. Hakanan ana samun goyan bayan watsawar Zoonotic ta gaskiyar cewa RaTG13 yana ɗaure zuwa hACE2, kodayake dacewa ba shine mafi kyau ba.
Ƙungiyar binciken ta lura da abin da ake buƙata don ci gaba da karatu, tare da lura cewa waɗannan za su "yiwuwar haɓaka ilimi da fahimta a duniya."
Martani
Darakta Janar na WHO Tedros Adhanom, wanda ba shi da hannu kai tsaye a binciken, ya ce a shirye yake ya aika da karin ayyuka da suka hada da kwararrun kwararru don haka akwai bukatar a kara bincike. A cikin wata sanarwa da ya fitar, ya ce, "Wasu bayanai na iya yiwuwa fiye da sauran, amma a yanzu duk damar da za ta kasance a kan tebur". Ya kuma ce, "har yanzu ba mu gano tushen kwayar cutar ba, don haka dole ne mu ci gaba da bin kimiyya ba tare da barin komai ba kamar yadda muke yi." Tedros ya kuma yi kira ga kasar Sin da ta samar da "fiye da lokaci da cikakkun bayanai" a matsayin wani bangare na binciken nan gaba.
Kafofin yada labarai sun lura cewa ko da yake ba gaskiya ba ne a yi tsammanin sakamako mai sauri da kuma babban sakamako daga rahoton, amma "ya ba da ƴan yanke shawara game da fara barkewar cutar", "ya kasa yin nazari kan matsayin jami'in Sinawa a wasu sassan rahoton", kuma ya kasance "mai son zuciya bisa ga masu suka". Sauran masana kimiyya sun yaba da yadda rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani kan hanyoyin da za su iya ba da haske kan asalin, idan aka bincika daga baya.
Bayan buga rahoton, 'yan siyasa, masu gabatar da shirye-shiryen magana, 'yan jarida, da wasu masana kimiyya sun ci gaba da ikirarin da ba a tallafawa ba cewa SARS-CoV-2 na iya fitowa daga WIV. A cikin Amurka, kiraye-kirayen yin bincike kan ledar dakin gwaje-gwaje ya kai “zazzabi,” yana haifar da zazzafan kalaman da ke haifar da kyama ga mutanen asalin Asiya, da cin zarafi na masana kimiyya. Amurka, Tarayyar Turai, da wasu kasashe 13 sun soki binciken da WHO ta kira, inda suka yi kira da a nuna gaskiya daga kasar Sin da samun damar yin amfani da danyen bayanai da samfuran asali. Jami'an kasar Sin sun bayyana wadannan suka a matsayin wani yunkuri na siyasantar da binciken. Masana kimiyya da ke da ruwa da tsaki a cikin rahoton na WHO da suka hada da Liang Wannian, John Watson, da Peter Daszak, sun nuna rashin amincewa da sukar da ake yi, kuma sun ce rahoton wani misali ne na hadin gwiwa da tattaunawa da ake bukata domin samun nasarar ci gaba da bincike kan lamarin.
A cikin wasiƙar da aka buga a Kimiyya, yawancin masana kimiyya, ciki har da Ralph Baric, sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba a yi cikakken bincike ba game da ra'ayin dakin gwaje-gwaje na haɗari kuma ya kasance mai yiwuwa, yana kira ga karin haske da ƙarin bayanai. Wasikar tasu ta samu suka daga wasu masana kimiyyar halittu da kwararrun kiwon lafiyar jama'a, wadanda suka ce "makiya" da "rarrabuwar kawuna" kan WIV ba ta da wata hujja ta hanyar shaida, kuma zai sa masana kimiyya da hukumomin kasar Sin su raba kasa, maimakon karin bayanai.
Mataki na 2
A ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2021, masanin cututtukan Danish Tina Fischer ya yi magana a cikin wannan makon a cikin faifan bidiyo na Virology, tana ba da shawarar yin kashi na biyu na binciken don tantance samfuran jini don rigakafin COVID-19 a China. Mamba na kungiyar WHO da aka kira Marion Koopmans, a kan wannan watsa shirye-shiryen, ya ba da shawarar kasashe mambobin WHO su yanke shawara a kan kashi na biyu na binciken, kodayake ta kuma yi gargadin cewa binciken binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje da kansa na iya zama maras dacewa. A farkon watan Yulin 2021, babban jami'in gaggawa na WHO Michael Ryan ya ce ana aiwatar da cikakkun bayanai na karshe na mataki na 2 a tattaunawar da ake yi tsakanin WHO da kasashe mambobinta, yayin da WHO ke aiki "ta hanyar lallashi" kuma ba za ta tilasta wa kowace kasa memba (ciki har da China) ba da hadin kai.
A watan Yulin 2021 China ta yi watsi da buƙatun WHO na nuna gaskiya, haɗin kai, da samun bayanai a matsayin wani ɓangare na mataki na 2. A ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2021, kakakin ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar Sin Zhao Lijian ya bayyana cewa, matsayin kasar Sin shi ne, a gudanar da bincike a nan gaba a wasu wurare, kuma ya kamata a mai da hankali kan watsa sarkar sanyi da dakunan gwaje-gwajen sojojin Amurka. A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2021, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta gudanar da wani taron manema labarai, inda Zeng Yixin, mataimakin ministan kiwon lafiya na hukumar lafiya ta kasar (NHC), ya bayyana cewa, kasar Sin ba za ta shiga wani mataki na biyu na binciken hukumar ta WHO ba, yana mai bayyana hakan a matsayin wani abin mamaki. da "masu girman kai". Ya yi karin haske "A wasu bangarori, shirin na WHO na mataki na gaba na binciken asalin coronavirus baya mutunta hankali, kuma ya saba wa kimiyya. Ba shi yiwuwa mu yarda da irin wannan shiri.”