cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Human rights in Burundi
Cin zarafin jima'i
Kungiyar Aiki ta bayyana al'amarin cin zarafin jima'i, musamman ga mata da yara a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke damun su. Duk da haka, an sami karancin bayanai da suka shafi yawan cin zarafi da ake yi a fadin kasar; wannan ya kasance wani ɓangare saboda ƙiyayyar al'adu, ma'ana wasu lokuta ba a ba da rahoton ba kuma a maimakon haka an yanke hukunci a cikin dangi. cewa akwai alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin wuraren tsananin ayyukan soja da manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa na cin zarafi na jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, Amnesty International ta yi iƙirarin fyade, ban da katse jiki, an yi amfani da ita a lokacin rikicin 1993-2005 a matsayin 'dabarun yaƙi'
Hakkokin wadanda abin ya shafa
Saboda yawaitar tashe-tashen hankula a Burundi tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai, kasar ta ga dimbin ‘yan gudun hijirar Burundi da ke gudun hijira zuwa kasashe makwabta (mafi rinjayen Tanzania, Ruwanda, da Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango ). Yawancin ’yan kasar da aka dawo da su gida tun rikicin 1993 sun gano dukiyoyinsu ko dai an riga an mamaye su ko kuma jihar ta nema. Wannan ya haifar da matsaloli tare da fatara da rashin gida. Rahoton ya yi nuni da cikar kotuna da shari’o’in rigingimun filaye; sakamakon jinkirin shari'a da ke haifar da rikici tsakanin bangarori. Da nufin sasanta wadannan rigingimu, gwamnati ta kafa hukumar kula da filaye da sauran kaddarori wadda ta nemi magance wadannan matsalolin filaye da kuma gyara wadanda abin ya shafa. Duk da haka, rahoton 2008 na Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya lura cewa Hukumar tana da iyakacin iko kuma 'ba ta iya magance rikice-rikice cikin lokacin da aka sa ran'.
Har ila yau, soke haƙƙin waɗanda aka azabtar kuma an ciyar da su kai tsaye zuwa haƙƙin gidaje. Rikicin 1993 ya lalata ƙauyuka masu yawa, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin ƙalubale na jin kai. Manufar gidaje ta gwamnati ta biya bukatun wasu, amma ba yawancin 'yan Burundi marasa galihu ba.
'Yancin yin adalci
Kodayake Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da tabbacin yancin yin shari'a na gaskiya, amfani da wannan haƙƙin yana sau da yawa lalacewa ta hanyar rashin isassun albarkatun bil'adama, kudi, kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Amnesty International ta lura a cikin mika wuya ga kungiyar aiki cewa cin hanci da rashawa, rashin kayan aiki da horo, da tsoma baki a fannin shari'a. Saboda haka, adadin shari'o'i da yawa ba a ba da rahoto ba. A mika wuya ga kungiyar aiki, kotun kasa da kasa ta bukaci Burundi da ta “hana, a matsayin wani muhimmin al'amari, daga tsare mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ba bisa ka'ida ba...da kuma tabbatar da cewa an tsare mutanen da aka kama ko aka tsare bisa zargin aikata laifuka a hukumance. wuraren tsarewa'. An sha samun kashe-kashe da dama ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin rikicin na Burundi.
Yanayin gidan yari a Burundi yana da muni. Ingantacciyar abinci, sutura, tsafta da kula da lafiya ba za a iya samun kuɗaɗen kuɗin da ya dace ta ƙarancin kasafin kuɗinsu ba. Su ma gidajen yarin sun cika makil. A watan Nuwambar 2018 an tsare mutane 10,987 a hukumance a gidajen yarin Burundi, wadanda aka tsara kawai don rike 4,195. Ma'aikatan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun yi imanin cewa yawancin fursunonin ba sa samun taimakon doka, wadanda ake tuhuma suna tsare a gidan yari na dogon lokaci ba tare da shari'a ba kuma dole ne a bullo da hanyoyin da za a bi wajen yanke hukunci a gidan yari.
Martanin Majalisar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (HRC) ga UPR
A cikin wani rahoto da aka bayar a cikin watan Maris na shekarar 2009, HRC ta amince da duk shawarwarin da Ƙungiyar Aiki ta bayar game da Burundi. Musamman ma majalisar ta yaba da bullo da wani sabon kundin tsarin shari'a wanda ya haramta laifukan yaki, laifuffukan cin zarafin bil'adama, kisan kare dangi, azabtarwa, fyade da cin zarafi ta hanyar jima'i, tare da tabbatar da hakkin yara. Haka kuma ya karfafa ci gaban hukumar NIHRC.
Martanin ƙasa ga UPR
Ko da yake an gabatar da gyare-gyaren da aka ambata a cikin littattafan doka a cikin 2009, a cikin wannan bitar, gwamnati ta haramta dangantakar jinsi ɗaya a hukumance. Tuni dai kungiyar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi ta kasar Burundi ta bayar da rahoton korar 'yan luwadi na tilas. Duk da haka, an lura cewa ƙin luwaɗi a Burundi ba shi da ƙarfi kamar yadda ake yi a wasu ƙasashen Afirka, inda hukuncin luwadi shine kisa.
International Bridges to Justice ta bayar da rahoton cewa yanayin gidan yarin ya kasance mara kyau, kuma sama da kashi 60% na fursunonin fursunoni ne wadanda ake tsare da su kafin a yi musu shari'a. An sami ɗan ci gaba a fannin inganta ayyukan kare jama'a da ayyukan ba da agajin doka.
A sakamakon zaben 2010, Human Rights Watch ta bayar da rahoton cewa Hukumar Leken Asiri ta kasa ta yi gallazawa 'yan adawar da aka kama bisa wasu tuhume-tuhume da suka hada da 'barazana tsaron kasa' da kuma 'sa hannu cikin makamai'. kungiyoyin'.
Wani rahoto na watan Satumba na shekarar 2010 da Cibiyar Raya Duniya ta buga ya nuna cewa Burundi ta samu ci gaba a cikin guda daya kawai daga cikin muradun karni na 15 da ta cimma.
Sauran 'yancin ɗan adam
Kundin tsarin mulkin ya tanadi batutuwa kamar ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da ‘yan jarida; duk da haka, gabaɗaya gwamnati ba ta mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace.
A cikin watan Afrilun 2009, an kama mutane 782 ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin rikicin siyasa tsakanin bangarorin siyasa da sojoji.
Jami’an tsaron gwamnati na ci gaba da cin zarafin bil’adama da dama, da suka hada da kashe-kashe, fyade, da lakada wa fararen hula da fursunoni duka ba tare da hukunta su ba. Matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma sun haɗa da cin zarafi na banga da daidaita maki; fyade ga maza da maza; matsananci, barazanar rai da yanayin gidan yari; Tsawaita tsare kafin haihuwa da kamawa da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba ; rashin dogaro na shari'a da inganci, da fasadi na shari'a; tsarewa da daure fursunonin zamantakewa da fursunonin siyasa; da kuma hani kan ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki, taro, da hulxa, musamman ga jam’iyyun siyasa. Rikicin cikin gida da jima'i da nuna wariya ga maza sun kasance matsaloli. Luwadi har yanzu ba a yarda da jama'ar Burundi, da gwamnatinsu ba.
Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Burundi sun sha sukar gwamnatin Burundi da suka hada da Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida, Human Rights Watch,  da Front Line  saboda yawan kame da shari'ar dan jarida Jean-Claude Kavumbagu kan batutuwan da suka shafi sa. bayar da rahoto. Amnesty International ta bayyana shi a matsayin fursuna kuma ta yi kira da a sake shi ba tare da wani sharadi ba. A ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2011, an wanke Kavumbagu daga laifin cin amanar kasa, amma an same shi da laifin buga wata kasida "mai yiwuwa ta bata sunan kasa ko tattalin arziki". An yanke masa hukuncin daurin watanni takwas kuma an sake shi na tsawon lokaci. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch da kwamitin kare 'yan jarida sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da hukuncin, inda ta sake jaddada imaninta cewa "ya kamata Burundi ta yi fatali da laifukan da ake yi wa manema labarai tare da barin 'yan jarida su yi magana da rubuce-rubuce cikin 'yanci ba tare da tsoron tsangwama ko kamawa ba". A farkon shekarar 2018, kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta wallafa wasu takardu kan yadda jami'an tsaron Burundi da 'yan jam'iyyar da ke mulki Immbonerakure suka yi wa 'yan adawa fyade da kuma kashe wadanda ake zargin 'yan adawa ne a cikin watan Mayu. An gudanar da zaben raba gardama na kundin tsarin mulki a ranar 17 ga Mayu.
A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2020, kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta tattara manyan zarge-zargen cin zarafi yayin zaben shugaban kasa, na 'yan majalisa da na tarayya na Burundi a ranar 20 ga Mayu. An dai lalata zabukan ta hanyar tarzoma, kame ‘yan adawa da suka hada da ‘yan takara, da kuma murkushe ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki.
A ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2020, Amnesty International ta bukaci a saki dan kare hakkin bil'adama dan kasar Burundi Germain Rukuki, wanda a halin yanzu yake zaman gidan yari na tsawon shekaru 32 saboda kawai kare hakkin bil'adama.
Abubakar Y. Suleiman
Abubakar Y Suleiman ɗan siyasan Nijeriya ne wanda aka zaɓa a matsayin kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Bauchi ta tara a shekarar 2019. Suleiman, dan jam'iyyar APC mai wakiltar mazabar Ningi ne ya kasance zababben kakakin majalisar ta hanyar mambobi 11 daga 31 na majalisar. Daga cikin mambobi 11 da suka zabi Suleiman kakakin, 8 sun kasance mambobi ne na jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party marasa rinjaye yayin da 3 kuma suka kasance 'yan jam'iyyar da suka sauya sheka daga babbar jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress Mambobin jam’iyyar mafi rinjaye (APC) a gidan an hana su shiga harabar majalisar yayin zaben. Wannan kungiyar ta gudanar da nata zaben a wani wuri na daban kuma ta samar da tsohon kakakin majalissar ta 8 Kawuwa Damina wanda ke sake neman takarar kakakin majalisar na tara. Daga baya an warware rikicin.
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2019, an zabi Suleiman a matsayin Shugaban taron shugabannin majalisun dokokin jihohin arewa maso gabas.
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Margaret, Gimbiya Snowdon, CI ,GCVO, GCStJ,CD (Margaret Rose;an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta shekarar alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da talatin(1930).Ta mutu a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar dubu biyu da biyu 2002) ita ce ƙaramar 'yar Sarki George VI da Sarauniya Elizabeth, kuma ƙwararrakin Sarauniya ta II.
Margaret ta gudanar da yawancin yarinta tare da iyayenta da 'yar uwarta. Rayuwartaa ta canza sosai a cikin shekarar alif 1936, lokacin da kawun mahaifinta Sarki Edward VIII ya nesanta kansa da ya auri Wallis Simpson. Mahaifin Margaret ya zama sarki, 'yar uwarta kuma ta zama magajiya, tare da Margaret ta biyu a kan kujerar sarauta. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, 'yan uwan biyu sun kasance a Windsor Castle duk da shawarwarin a kwashe su zuwa Kanada. A cikin shekarun yaƙi, an ɗauki Margaret ƙarama don yin duk wani aikin hukuma kuma a maimakon haka ta ci gaba da karatun ta.
Bayan yakin, Margaret ta ƙaunace Kaftin ɗin kungiyar Peter Townsend. A cikin shekarar alif 1952, mahaifinta ya mutu, 'yar uwarta ta zama sarauniya, kuma Townsend ta saki matarsa, Rosemary. Ya gabatar da shawarar zuwa Margaret a farkon shekara mai zuwa. Da yawa a cikin gwamnati sun yi imanin cewa zai iya zama miji wanda ba ya dace da 'yar'uwar' yar shekara 22, kuma Cocin Ingila ta ƙi ɗaurin aure ga mutumin da ya sake ta. Daga baya Margaret ta watsar da shirinta tare da Townsend kuma ta auri mai daukar hoto Antony Armstrong-Jones a shekarar alif 1960; Sarauniyar ta sanya shi Earl na Snowdon. Ma'auratan sun haifi ɗa, Dauda, da 'ya mace, Sara.
Galibi ana kallon Margaret a matsayin mai rikice-rikice a cikin dangin Sarautar Burtaniya. Sakin ta a shekarar alif 1978 ya samu bainar jama'a sosai, kuma tana da alaƙa da wasu maza da yawa. Kiwan lafiyarta yayi rauni sannu a hankali shekaru 20 na rayuwarta. Ta kasance mai shan sigari mai yawan gaske a rayuwarta ta girma kuma ta yi aikin huhu a shekarar alif 1985, cutar tarin fuka a cikin shekarar alif 1993, kuma aƙalla sau uku tsakanin shekarar 1998 da shekarar 2001. Ta mutu a Asibitin King Edward VII da ke Landan bayan ta yi fama da bugun karshe a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2002.
Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Margaret a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1930 a Glamis Castle na Scotland, mahaifiyar mahaifiyarta, kuma wacce aka fi sani da suna Margot cikin dangin sarauta. Sir Henry Simson, yar uwar sarauta ce ta haihu. Sakataren Cikin Gida, JR Clynes, ya kasance don tabbatar da haihuwar. Rajistar haihuwarta ba ta jinkirta ba kwanaki da yawa don gudun kar a kirga ta lamba 13 a cikin Ikklesiya.
Human rights in Burundi
Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya
Matsayin Burundi game da yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil adama na kasa da kasa sune kamar haka.
Manazarta
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Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Farkon rayuwa
Margaret yayi baftisma a cikin majami'ar ta sirri ta Fadar Buckingham a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1930 daga Cosmo Lang, Babban Bishop na Canterbury. [14]
Margaret na rayuwar farko an kashe shi ne a gidajen mazaunan Yorks a 145 Piccadilly (gidansu garin London) da Royal Lodge a Windsor. Jama'a sun fahimci cewa dangi ne na kwarai: uba, uwa da yara, amma jita-jita mara tushe cewa Margaret kurma ce da bebe ba a watsar da ita ba har sai lokacin farko da Margaret ta fito a wurin bikin kawun Yarima George George a 1934.
Ta samu ilimi ne tare da 'yar uwarta, Princess Elizabeth, ta wurin shugabar gwamnatin Scotland din Marion Crawford. Mahaifiyarta ce ta fi kula da ilimin Margaret, wadanda a cikin kalmomin Randolph Churchill "ba su da burin tayar da 'ya'yanta mata har su zama masu kyawawan halaye na samari". Lokacin da Sarauniya Maryamu ta dage kan mahimmancin ilimi, Duchess na York yayi sharhi, "Ban san me take nufi ba. Bayan haka ni da 'yan uwana mata kawai muna da gwamnoni kuma munyi aure mai kyau - ɗayanmu yana da kyau ". . Margaret ta kasance mai saurin fushi game da karancin ilimin ta, musamman a cikin shekarun baya, da nufin sukar mahaifiyarta. Koyaya, mahaifiyar Margaret ta gaya wa aboki cewa ta yi "nadama" cewa 'ya'yanta mata ba sa zuwa makaranta kamar sauran yara, da kuma aiki da keɓaɓɓiyar gwamnati maimakon tura girlsan matan zuwa makarantar ƙila an yi su ne kawai da nacewar Sarki George V. Yayinda take yara ita da 'yar uwarta Labari ne daga JM Barrie, marubucin Peter Pan. Kakanin Margaret, George V, ya mutu tun yana ɗan shekara biyar, kuma kawun nata ya zama Sarki Edward VIII. Kasa da shekara guda bayan haka, ranar 11 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1936, Edward ya sake neman Wallis Simpson, Ba'amurke wanda ya yi aure sau biyu, wanda Cocin Ingila da gwamnatocin Dominion ba za su yarda da matsayin sarauniya ba. Ikilisiya ba za ta amince da auren wata mace da aka sake ta tare da tsohon miji na da inganci ba. Komawar Edward ya bar Duke na York mai son zama a matsayin sa na Sarki George na shida, kuma ba tsammani Margaret ta zama ta biyu a layin sarauta, tare da taken Gimbiya Margaret don nuna matsayin ta a matsayin mai ikon sarauta. Iyalin sun koma Fadar Buckingham ; Dakin Margaret ya tsallake The Mall.
Margaret ta kasance Brownie a cikin Buffaham Palace na 1st Buckingham Palace, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1937. Hakanan ta kasance jagorar 'yar Mata sannan kuma daga baya ta zama mai kula da Teku. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ta Girlguiding UK daga shekarar 1965 har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 2002.
A lokacin barkewar yakin duniya na II, Margaret da 'yar uwarta sun kasance a Birkhall, a cikin tsibirin Balmoral, inda suka zauna har zuwa Kirsimeti 1939, suna jurewa dare mai sanyi wanda ruwan sha a cikin carafes a gefen gadonta. Sun shafe Kirsimeti a Sandringham House kafin su koma Windsor Castle, kusa da London, don ragowar yakin. Viscount Hailsham ya rubutawa Firayim Minista Winston Churchill don ba da shawara game da korar sarakunan zuwa ga amincin Kanada, wanda mahaifiyarsu ta amsa da girmamawa cewa, 'Ya'yan ba za su tafi ba tare da ni ba. Ba zan tafi ba tare da Sarki ba. Kuma Sarki ba zai taba barin komai ba. "
Ba kamar sauran 'yan gidan sarauta ba, ana tsammanin Margaret za ta iya yin kowane aiki na jama'a ko na hukuma yayin yaƙin. Ta bunkasa kwarewar ta wajen yin waka da kuma yin kidan. Abokan rayuwar ta sun zaci cewa iyayenta ne suka lalata ta, musamman mahaifinta, wanda ya ba ta damar cin gashin kanta ba ta halatta ba, kamar a bashi damar halartar cin abincin dare yana da shekaru 13.
Crawford ta yanke kauna daga hankalin Margaret, tana rubutawa abokai: "Shin a wannan shekarar za ku iya tambayar Princess Elizabeth kawai ga taron ku?  . . . Gimbiya Margaret tana jan hankalin gaba kuma Gimbiya Elizabeth ta kyale ta ta yi hakan. " Elizabeth, ba ta damu da wannan ba, kuma ta yi sharhi, "Oh, yana da sauƙin lokacin da Margaret ta kasance - kowa yana dariya da abin da Margaret ta ce". Sarki George ya bayyana Alisabatu a matsayin girmanta da Margaret a matsayin farincikinta. .
Shekaru bayan yakin
A cikin shekarar 1950, tsohuwar mai mulkin, Marion Crawford, ta buga wani tarihin ba tare da izini ba game da rayuwar yarinyar Elizabeth da Margaret, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Little Princesses, inda ta bayyana Margaret  mai farin ciki da annashuwa  da ita "abin dariya da ban tsoro.  ... antics ".
A matsayinta na kyakkyawar budurwa, wacce ke da nauyin 18-inch da “kwalliya mai idanu”, Margaret ta ji daɗin yin hulɗa tare da manyan mutane da kuma samari, ciki har da Sharman Douglas, 'yar jakadan Amurka, Lewis Williams Douglas. Kyakkyawan kyan gani wacce aka santa da kyawun fuskarta da salonta na zamani, Margaret galibi ana buga ta a gidajen jaridu a bukukuwa, bukukuwan, da kuma wuraren wasannin dare. Adadin ayyukanta na hukuma sun karu (sun haɗa da rangadi a Italiya, Switzerland, da Faransa), kuma ta shiga cikin yawan ƙungiyoyi masu ba da agaji kamar shugaba ko kuma majiɓinci.
Kalaman soyayya tare da Peter Townsend
Margaret ta yi baƙin ciki da mutuwar mahaifinta kuma an ba ta allurar rigakafi don taimaka mata bacci. Game da mahaifinta ta rubuta, "Ya kasance mai wannan kyakkyawan mutum, ainihin zuciyar kuma tsakiyar dangin mu mai farin ciki." Ta kasance ta'azantar da ita game da imani da imani na Krista. Tare da mahaifiyarta wadda mijinta ya mutu, Margaret ta fice daga Buckingham Palace da kuma zuwa cikin Clarence House, yayin da 'yar uwarta da iyalinta suka fice daga gidan Clarence House kuma suka shiga cikin Buckingham Palace.
Peter Townsend aka nada Comptroller na mahaifiyarta ta restructured iyali. A shekarar 1953, ya sake ya saki daga matar sa ta farko inda ya ba da shawarar aurar da Margaret. Yana da shekara 15 babba kuma yana da yara biyu daga auren da ya gabata. Margaret ta yarda kuma ta sanar da 'yar uwarta, Sarauniya, game da sha'awar ta auri Townsend. Sarauniyar Aikin Sarauta ta shekarar 1772 ta bukaci izinin Sarauniya. Kamar yadda a cikin shekarar 1936, Ikilisiyar Ingila ta ƙi ɗaukar auren sakewa. Sarauniya Maryamu ta mutu kwanan nan, kuma Alisabatu na gab da naɗa. Bayan kawancen ta, ta yi shirin ziyartar Commonwealth har tsawon watanni shida. Sarauniyar ta ce wa Margaret, "A karkashin yanayin, ba wauta bane a gare ni in ce ku jira shekara guda." Sakatarenta na sirri, Sir Alan Lascelles, ya shawarci sarauniyar da ta sanya Townsend zuwa kasashen waje, amma ta ki, maimakon haka ta sauya shi daga gidan Sarauniya zuwa nata. Majalisar ministocin Burtaniya ta ki amincewa da auren, kuma jaridu sun ba da rahoton cewa auren "ba shi da makama" kuma "zai tashi a fuskar al'adun masarauta da na Kirista". Churchill ta sanar da Sarauniya cewa Firayim Minista na Dominion baki daya sun yi adawa da wannan auren kuma majalisar ba za ta amince da wani auren da Cocin Ingila ba zai yi mata ba sai dai idan Margaret ta yi watsi da hakkinta na sarauta.
Churchill ya shirya yadda za a tura Townsend zuwa Brussels. Polls wanda sanannun jaridu suka gudanar ya nuna cewa jama'a sun goyi bayan zabin na Margaret, ba tare da yin la'akari da koyarwar Cocin ba ko ra'ayin gwamnati. Shekaru biyu kenan, aka ci gaba da yada jita-jita. Malaman fada sun fada wa Margaret cewa ba za ta sami ikon yin tarayya ba idan ta auri wani wanda ya sake ta.
Takardu wadanda aka saki a shekarar 2004 zuwa ga Alkaluman Labarai na kasa sun nuna cewa a cikin shekarar 1955 Sarauniya da sabon Firayim Minista Sir Anthony Eden (wanda ya sake ta, ya sake yin aure) ya fito da wani tsari a karkashin da Gimbiya Margaret za ta iya auren Townsend ta cire Margaret da kowane yara daga aure daga layin jagora. Za a ba Margaret damar rike matsayin sarauta da izinin ta na farar hula, ta ci gaba da zama a kasar har ma ta ci gaba da aikinta na jama'a. Eden ta taƙaita halayyar Sarauniyar a cikin wata wasiƙa a kan batun Firayim Minista ɗin cewa "wouldancinta ba zai fatan tsayawa kan hanyar yar'uwarta ba." Adnin da kansa ya kasance mai juyayi; "Banke daga cikin maye ba zai haifar da wani canji ba a matsayin Gimbiya Margaret a matsayinta na memba na Gidan Sarauta," in ji shi. An samar da daftarin karshe na wannan shawara a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1955.
A ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba Margaret ta ba da sanarwa:
Randolph Churchill ya damu da jita-jitar jita-jita game da Archbishop Fisher tare da shirin Gimbiya Margaret tare da Townsend. A ra'ayinsa, jita-jita "Fisher ya sa baki don hana Gimbiya ta auri Townsend ya cutar da Cocin Ingila". An sami korafi na gaba a Burtaniya game da rikicewar Ikilisiya yayin da ta shafi kisan aure. Gimbiya Margaret ta fara haduwa da mai daukar hoto Antony Armstrong-Jones a wajen bukin cin abinci a shekarar 1958. Sun tsunduma cikin watan Oktoba shekarar 1959. Armstrong-Jones ya gabatar wa Margaret tare da zoben daukar hoto na yin lu'ulu'u wanda lu'u-lu'u ke zagaye da shi irin na fure-fure. An ba da rahoton cewa ta yarda da shawararsa kwana guda bayan koyo daga wurin Peter Townsend cewa ya yi niyyar aure da wata budurwa, Marie-Luce Jamagne, wacce ke da shekaru rabinta kuma ta yi kama da Princess Margaret. Sanarwar Margaret game da kasancewar ta, a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 1960, ta ba manema labarai mamaki; ta lura sosai don ɓoye soyayyar daga masu ba da rahoto.
Margaret ta auri Armstrong-Jones a Westminster Abbey a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1960. Bikin shine bikin aure na sarauta na farko da za'a watsa a talabijin, kuma ya jawo hankulan mutane miliyan 300 a duk duniya. An gayyaci baƙi 2,000 don bikin auren.
Norman Hartnell ne ya shirya bikin aure na Margaret kuma ya suturta da tilas na Poltimore. Tana da yara matasa masu amarya guda takwas, karkashin jagorancin danta, Princess Anne. Sauran matan ango sune budurwarta, Marilyn Wills, 'yar dan uwanta Jean Elphinstone da Manjo John Lycett Wills; Annabel Rhodes, 'yar dan uwanta Margaret Elphinstone da Denys Rhodes ; Lady Virginia Fitzroy, 'yar Hugh Fitzroy, Earl na Euston ; Sarah Lowther, 'yar Sir John Lowther; Catherine Vesey, 'yar Viscount de Vesci ; Lady Rose Nevill, 'yar Marquess na Abergavenny ; da Uwargida Angela Nevill, 'yar Ubangiji Rupert Nevill. Ta yi tafiya tare da Duke na Edinburgh daga Clarence House a cikin Gilashi Coach, ta isa cocin a 11:30. Duke ya raka amarya, kuma mafi kyawun mutum shine Dr Roger Gilliatt. Archbishop na Canterbury Geoffrey Fisher ne ya jagoranci hidimar aure. Bayan bikin, ma'auratan sun sanya al'adun gargajiya a kan baranda na Buckingham Palace.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Shekarun Haihuwa
An haife shi shekarar alib ta(21 Agustan 1936).
Garin haihuwa
An haife shi kasar Amurka garin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Tarayyar Amurka.
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Kalaman soyayya tare da Peter Townsend
Gasar amarcin wata jirgi ne na makwanni shida na Caribbean a cikin jirgin ruwan masarautar Britannia. A matsayin bikin aure, Colin Tennant ya ba ta fili a tsibirin Caribbean mai zaman kansa, Mustique. Sabbin matan sun koma cikin dakuna a Fadar Kensington.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Mutuwarsa
Ya mutu a shekara ta(12 Oktoban 1999), a garin Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, Tarayyar Amurka.
Manazarta
^ "Legends profile: Wilt Chamberlain". NBA.com. August 24, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Wilt Chamberlain Summary". NBA.com. February 10, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Chamberlain towered over NBA". ESPN. October 12, 1999. Retrieved
January 26, 2008.
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Kalaman soyayya tare da Peter Townsend
A shekarar 1961, aka kirkiro mijin Margaret Earl na Snowdon. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu (waɗanda sashin Caesarean suka haife su a kan bukatar Margaret ): David, an haife shi 3 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1961, da Sara, waɗanda aka haifa 1 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1964.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
4. ^ "Warriors riding high on Wilt the Stilt".
Sportingnews.com. March 5, 2007. Archived from
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Kalaman soyayya tare da Peter Townsend
Auren ya fadada da'irar Margaret wacce ba ta wuce Kotun ba sannan kuma ta hada da nuna shahararrun 'yan kasuwan da bohamian. A lokacin, ana tsammanin zai iya zama daidai da rushewar matsalolin bangayen Ingila. Snowdons sun yi gwaji tare da salon da finafinan 1960s. .
Rayuwar jama'a da aikin sadaka
Daga cikin ayyukan Margaret na farko da ya fara aiki shine ya samar da gidan Wutar Edinburgh Castle a Belfast a shekara ta 1947. Bayan haka, Margaret ta tafi yawon shakatawa da yawa na wurare daban-daban; A cikin manyan rangadinta na farko ya kasance tare da iyayenta da 'yar uwarta don yin balaguro zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1947. Ta yawon shakatawa a kan Britannia.A zuwa Birtaniya mazauna a cikin Caribbean a shekarar 1955 halitta abin mamaki a ko'ina cikin West Indies, kuma calypsos aka sadaukar domin ta. Kamar yadda mulkin mallaka na British Commonwealth of Nations ya nemi zama dan kasa, Gimbiya Margaret ta wakilci Crown yayin bukukuwan samun 'yancin kai a Jamaica a shekarar 1962 da Tuvalu da Dominica a shekarar 1978. Rashin lafiyarta da aka kawo ta gajarta wannan gajarta, wacce mai yiwuwa cutar huhun ciki ce, kuma an kaurace ta zuwa Australia domin murmurewa. Sauran yawon shakatawa na kasashen waje sun hada da Amurka a 1965, Japan a shekarar 1969 da shekarar 1979, Amurka da Kanada a shekarar 1974, Australia a 1975, Philippines a 1980, Swaziland a 1981, da Sin a shekarar 1987. .
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Rayuwar jama'a da aikin sadaka
Babban bukatunta shine bayar da agaji, kide-kide da rawa. Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Jama'a ta ƙasa da Royal Scottish Society don Rigakafin Zaluntar da Yara da Invalid Taimakon Nationancin Nationasashe (kuma ana kiranta 'I CAN'). Ta kasance Babban Shugaba na St John Ambulance Brigade da Kanar-in-Chief of the Royal Army Nursing Corps na Sarauniya. Ta kasance shugabar kasa ko kuma mai ba da agaji na ƙungiyoyi da yawa, kamar Olympicungiyar Wasannin Olympics ta West Indies, Jagororin 'Yan mata, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Arewa, Birmingham Royal Ballet, Scott Ballet, Yara 1st,  Tenovus Cancer Care, Royal College of Nursing,  da kuma London Lighthouse (sadaka kan cutar kanjamau wacce tun daga nan ta hade da Terrence Higgins Trust ). A wasu wuraren Margaret an soki shi saboda ba shi da ƙarfi kamar sauran membobin gidan sarauta.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Schwartz, Larry (February 10, 2007). "Wilt battled loser label". Retrieved January 26, 2008.
6. ^ a b c d e f g "Wilt Chamberlain Biography".
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Rayuwa mai zaman kanta
An ba da rahoton cewa, Margaret tana da al'amuran aurenta na farko a 1966, tare da mahaifinta Anthony Barton, mai gabatar da giya na Bordeaux. Wata guda daga baya ta sami haɗin kai na wata guda tare da Robin Douglas-Home, dan uwan tsohuwar Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Alec Douglas-Home. Margaret ta ce dangantakarta da Douglas-Home ta kasance platonic ce, amma harrufan da aka aika masa (waɗanda daga baya aka sayar da su) suna da kusanci. Douglas-Home, wanda ya sha wahala daga bakin ciki, ya mutu ta hanyar kisan kansa watanni 18 bayan rabuwa da Margaret. Buƙatun cewa ta romantically da hannu tare da mawaki Mick jagger, actor Peter masu sayarwa, da kuma Australia cricketer Keith Miller ne unproven. A cewar masanin tarihin rayuwar Charlotte Breese, mai gabatarwa Leslie Hutchinson tayi 'yar takaitacciyar hulda' tare da Margaret a 1955. Bayanan tarihin 2009 na actress David Niven sun haɗa da tabbatarwa, dangane da bayanan da matar Niven da kuma aboki aboki na Niven, cewa ya sami matsala da gimbiya, wacce ke ɗan shekara 20. A shekarar 1975, an lissafa Gimbiya cikin matan da actress Warren Beatty ya yi soyayya ta soyayya. John Bindon, wani dan wasan kwaikwayo na Cockney wanda ya kwashe lokaci a kurkuku, ya sayar da labarinsa ga Daily Mirror, yana alfahari da kusancin da Margaret. A farkon shekarun 1970, dusar kankara ta rabu biyu. A watan Satumbar 1973, Colin Tennant ya gabatar da Margaret ga Roddy Llewellyn. Llewellyn yana ɗan shekara 17 yana ƙarami. A shekarar 1974, ta gayyace shi a matsayin bako a gidan hutu da ta gina akan Mustique. Wannan dai shi ne farkon ziyarar da yawa. Margaret ta bayyana dangantakar tasu da cewa "abokantaka ce mai kauna". Sau ɗaya, lokacin da Llewellyn ya tafi hutu don tafiya zuwa Turkiyya, Margaret ta damu sosai kuma ta ɗauki allunan bacci da yawa. Ta ce, "Na gaji sosai saboda komai", in ji daga baya, "abin da kawai nake son yi shi ne barci." Tun tana murmurewa, mayanta na cikin gida sun nisanta ubangijin Snowdon daga gare ta, suna tsoron kada ganin sa zai kara mata damuwa.
A watan Fabrairu 1976, hoton Margaret da Llewellyn a cikin kayan wanka a Mustique an buga su a shafin farko na shafin talla, Labaran Duniya. 'Yan jaridu sun nuna Margaret a matsayin wata dattijuwa mace da Llewellyn a matsayinta na mai wasan Toyboy. A 19 Maris 1976, Snowdons a fili ya ba da sanarwar cewa aurensu ba makawa ya wargaje. Wasu 'yan siyasa sun ba da shawarar cire Margaret daga cikin jerin sunayen fararen hula. ‘ Yan majalisar kwadago sun musanta ta a matsayin“ ma’abocin sarauta ” da“ floosie ”. A cikin Mayu 1978, ta kamu da rashin lafiya, kuma an gano ta tana fama da cututtukan gastroenteritis da hepatitis na giya. A ranar 11 ga Yuli 1978, an gama da sakin Snowdons. Wannan shine kisan aure na farko da wani jigo a gidan sarautar Burtaniya tun lokacin da Princess Victoria Melita ta Edinburgh ta 1901. A 15 ga Disamba 1978, Snowdon ya auri Lucy Lindsay-Hogg.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
Hoophall.com. February 10, 2007. Archived from
the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Rayuwa mai zaman kanta
A watan Agusta 1979, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten na Burma, da membobin gidansa suka mutu sakamakon fashewar bam a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Jamhuriyar Republican na Yankin. A watan Oktoba, yayin wata ziyarar ba da tallafi na Amurka a madadin Royal Opera House, Margaret ta zauna a liyafa a liyafar cin abincin dare a Chicago tare da jigon masana’antar Abra Anderson da Magajin gari Jane Byrne. Margaret ta gaya masu cewa da yawa daga cikin wasiƙar ta'aziyyar daga Ireland sun koma gidan sarauta. Kashegari, abokin adawar Anderson, Irv Kupcinet ya wallafa wata sanarwa cewa Margaret ta ambaci Irish a matsayin "aladu". Margaret, Anderson da Byrne duk sun bayar da sanarwar musantawa nan da nan, amma an riga an yi lalacewa. Sauran rangadin sun jawo zanga-zangar, kuma Margaret din tsaro ya ninka har sau biyu yana fuskantar barazanar ta jiki.
A cikin 1981, Llewellyn ya auri Tatiana Soskin, wanda ya sani shekaru 10. Margaret ta kasance aminan su biyu. A cikin Janairu 1981, Margaret baƙi ce a cikin shirin Gidan Rediyon BBC 4 na Desert Island Discs. An bayyana bayyanar da jaridar The Guardian : "Tana da kwazon gaske, ta zabi Rule Britannia a matsayin daya daga cikin fayafan nata, sannan ta nemi Scotland the Brave wacce bututun da kera ta 'my regiment', watau Royal Highland Fusiliers."
Rashin lafiya da mutuwa
Daga baya rayuwar Princess ta kasance ta rashin lafiya da nakasa. Ta sha taba sigari tun tana ɗan shekara 15 ko a baya, kuma ta daɗe tana shan taba sosai. A kan 5 Janairu 1985, ta cire wani ɓangare na ta huhu huhu; Wannan aikin ya yi daidai da na mahaifinta sama da shekaru 30 da suka gabata. A 1991, ta daina shan taba, kodayake ta ci gaba da shan giya sosai. A watan Janairun 1993, an kwantar da ita a asibiti domin cutar huhu. Ta samu raunin ne a ranar 23 ga Fabrairun 1998 a gidanta hutu da ke Mustique. A farkon shekara mai zuwa Gimbiya ta kamu da ciwo mai nauyi a ƙafafunta a cikin haɗarin gidan wanka, wanda ya shafi motsirta har zuwa lokacin da ta buƙaci tallafi yayin tafiya kuma wani lokacin amfani da keken hannu. An kwantar da ita a asibiti a ranar 10 ga Janairun 2001 saboda rashin abinci da kuma matsalolin hadiye, bayan sake bugun jini. Zuwa Maris 2001, bugun jini ya bar ta da hangen nesa kaɗan da na nakasa a gefen hagu Margaret ta bayyana a bainar jama'a ta karshe ita ce a bikin cikar haihuwar mahaifiyarta karo na 101 a cikin watan Agusta 2001 da kuma bikin cikarta shekaru 100 da kawarta, Princess Alice, Duchess na Gloucester, a watan Disamba.
Gimbiya Margaret ta mutu a Asibitin King Edward VII, Landan, a 06:30 ( GMT ) a 9 ga Fabrairu 2002 yana da shekara 71, kwana daya bayan da ya sake fama da wani bugun jini wanda ya haifar da matsalolin zuciya. Yarima Wales ya ba dan uwan sa yabo a wata hira ta talabijin.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
8. ^ "NBA.com: Wilt Chamberlain Bio".
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Rashin lafiya da mutuwa
An dauki akwatin gawa na Margaret, wanda aka zana bisa tsarinta na sirri, an dauke shi daga Fadar Kensington zuwa Fadar St James kafin jana'izarta. An yi jana'izar ne a ranar 15 ga Fabrairun 2002, shekara ce ta 50 da aka yi jana'izar mahaifinta. Dangane da burin ta, bikin ya kasance wani sabis na sirri a St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, ga dangi da abokai. Ba kamar sauran sauran membobin gidan sarauta ba, an kashe Princess Margaret, a Slough Crematorium. An sanya toka a cikin kabarin iyayenta, Sarki George VI da Sarauniya Elizabeth Sarauniya Sarauniya (wacce ta mutu makonni bakwai bayan Margaret), a cikin Masallachin tunawa da Sarki George VI a cikin Masallacin St George watanni biyu bayan haka. An gudanar da taron tunawa da jihar a Westminster Abbey a ranar 19 ga Afrilun 2002.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
www.nba.com. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
Princess Margaret, Countess na Snowdon
Legacy
Masu lura da al'amurra sau da yawa halin Margaret matsayin spoiled snob iya yankan jawabinsa da kuma hauteur. Masu sukar sunyi ikirarin cewa ita ma sun raina kakarta Sarauniya Maryamu saboda an haife Mariya a matsayin yar gimbiya da ƙananan " Serene Highness ", yayin da Margaret ta kasance " Royal Highness " ta hanyar haihuwa. Haruffarsu, duk da haka, ba su da wata alamar rikici tsakanin su.
Hakanan Margaret na iya zama kyakkyawa kuma ba na yau da kullun ba. Mutanen da suka yi hulɗa da ita za su iya rikicewa ta hanyar abubuwan da take faruwa tsakanin rashin aminci da ƙa'idar aiki. Tsohuwar shugabar gwamnatin Marion Crawford ta rubuta a cikin rubutunta: "Ra'ayoyin masu ban sha'awa da haske da ta yi sun zama kanun labarai kuma, idan aka dauke su daga yanayin su, sun fara yin fito-na-fito da jama'a a idon jama'a wadanda ba su da kama da Margaret da muka sani."
Margaret wacce ta san Gore Vidal, marubuciyar ba'amurkiya, ta rubuta: "Tana da matukar fahinta game da matsayinta na rayuwa." Ya tuno wata tattaunawa da Margaret wanda a yayin da yake tattauna batun sanin yakamata a bainar jama'a, ya ce: "Ba makawa ne, idan akwai 'yan'uwa mata biyu kuma daya Sarauniya ce, wacce dole ne ta zama tushen abin girmamawa kuma duk abin da ke da kyau, yayin da ɗayan dole ne ka zama mai jan hankalin mafi kirkirar mugunta, 'yar uwa. "
Bayan mutuwar Margaret, matar mai jiran gado, Lady Glenconner, ta ce "[Margaret] ta sadaukar da Sarauniya sosai kuma tana goyon bayanta sosai." An bayyana Margaret ta dan uwanta Alisabatu Elizabeth Shakerley a matsayin "wani mutum wanda ke da kyakkyawan iyawa don baiwa mutane da yawa jin daɗi kuma tana da kyakkyawar abokantaka da aminiya." Wani dan uwan, Oluwa Lichfield, ya ce "[Margaret] tayi matukar bakin ciki har karshen rayuwarta saboda rayuwar da ba ta cika ba."
A rayuwarta, arzikin Margaret an kiyasta kusan miliyan 20, wanda galibinsu ke gado daga wurin mahaifinta. Har ila yau, ta gaji fasahohin zane-zane da kayayyakin tarihi daga Sarauniya Mary, sannan Dame Margaret Greville ta bar fam 20,000 a 1943. A cikin 1999, ɗanta, Lord Linley, ya sayar da mahaifiyarsa Les Jolies Eaux ta Caribbean akan dala miliyan 2.4. A lokacin rasuwarta Margaret ta karɓi fam 219,000 daga jerin ƙungiyoyin. Bayan rasuwarta, ta bar wa £a twoanta £ 7.6 miliyan mallakar, wanda aka yanke zuwa 4.5 miliyan 4.5 bayan harajin gado. A watan Yuni na 2006, yawancin kayayyakin Margaret ne Christie's suka siya don biyan haraji kuma, a cikin kalmomin ɗanta, "bukatun yau da kullun dangi kamar ilmantar da jikokinta", kodayake an sayar da wasu daga cikin kayan taimakon taimakon agaji kamar Stungiyar Bugun jini. A rahoton, Sarauniyar ta baiyana cewa ragin da aka samu daga duk wani abu da aka baiwa yar'uwar ta a matsayin hukuma dole ne a bayar da ita ga masu ba da agaji. Farashin rikodin duniya na £ 1.24  miliyan ya saita ta agogon Fabergé. Poltimore Tiara, wacce ta sanya wa bikin aurenta a shekarar 1960, ta sayar da fam miliyan 926,400. Sayar da sakamakonsa ya kai £ 13,658,000. A watan Afrilun 2007, wani nune-nunen mai taken Gimbiya Gimbiya - Matsayin Kayan Gwiwar Gimbiya Margaret ya bude a Fadar Kensington, ya nuna salon zamani daga masu zanen Burtaniya kamar su Vivienne Westwood wanda aka yi wa lakabi da Gimbiya Margaret. Christopher Bailey tarin Guga na 2006 don Burberry ya kasance mai jan hankali daga kallon Margaret daga shekarun 1960.
Rayuwar Gimbiya Margaret ta kasance shekaru da yawa tana magana game da jita-jita ta kafofin watsa labarai da masu lura da sarauta. Gidanta a Mustique, wanda ƙwararren mijinta Oliver Messel, wanda ƙirar ƙira ne, ya kasance maƙasudin hutun da ta fi so. An yi jita-jitar jam’iyyun daji da shan muggan kwayoyi a cikin shirin watsa shirye-shirye bayan mutuwar Gimbiya.
Masanin tarihin rayuwar Warwick ya ba da shawarar cewa mafi kyawun gadojin Margaret abu ne mai haɗari. Wataƙila ba da niyya ba, Margaret ta ba da hanya don yarda da jama'a game da kisan aure. Rayuwarta, idan ba ayyukanta ba, sun yanke shawara da zaɓin 'ya'yan' yar'uwarta, waɗanda uku daga cikinsu sun sake su, sun fi sauƙi kamar yadda ba za su kasance ba.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
10. ^ "Sexual claim transformed perception of Wilt".
ESPN. February 10, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
11. ^ "Chamberlain, Wilt(on) Norman – Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: Sports Figures-HighBeam Research". Archived from the original on June 29, 2014. Retrieved
November 21, 2017.
12. ^ Wilt: Larger Than Life, Robert Cherry, Triumph Books (Chicago, 2004), 3.
14. ^ a b Pierce, Don (February 10, 2007).
"Chamberlain rated greatest in court game". Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
15. ^ Cherry, 19.
16. ^ Cherry, 9.
17. ^ Cherry, 20–21.
18. ^ a b Bock, Hal (February 10, 2007). "More than a big man, Wilt was a giant". Retrieved January 26, 2008.
19. ^ a b Cherry, 25–26.
20. ^ a b Cherry, 30.
Buckley, Michigan
Buckley ƙauye ne a gundumar Wexford a cikin jihar Michigan ta Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 775 a ƙidayar 2020. Kauyen yana cikin garin Hanover.
Tarihi
An kafa Buckley ne a cikin 1905 a matsayin tashar jirgin kasa ta Manitee da Arewa maso Gabas Railroad, kuma an sanya sunan al'ummar don Kamfanin Buckley Douglas Lumber na gida. An kafa ofishin gidan waya na Buckley a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1906. An haɗa al'ummar a matsayin ƙauye a cikin 1907.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
22. ^ a b Cherry, 32–33.
23. ^ a b Cherry, 34–35.
Buckley, Michigan
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, ƙauyen yana da jimillar 1.84 sqmi, wanda daga ciki 1.78 sqmi   ƙasa ce kuma 0.06 sqmi   (3.265) ruwa ne.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
24. ^ a b c d Schwartz, Larry (February 10, 2007). "A revolutionary force". Retrieved January 26, 2008.
25. ^ a b c Cherry, 35–39.
Buckley, Michigan
ƙidayar 2010
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2010, akwai mutane 697, gidaje 246, da iyalai 175 da ke zaune a ƙauyen. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance 391.6 PD/sqmi. Akwai rukunin gidaje 300 a matsakaicin yawa na 168.5 /sqmi. Tsarin launin fata na ƙauyen ya kasance 95.3% Fari, 0.7 % Ba'amurke, 0.9 %                                                                                                                                                                     . Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 2.0% na yawan jama'a.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
26. ^ Taylor, John. The Rivalry: Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and the Golden Age of Basketball. p. 84.
27. ^ "AAU Focuses 'Trouble Light' on Cumberland". Cumberland Evening Times. p. 14. "He got himself into the jam by allowing a Philadelphia booking agency to play him under the name of 'George Marcus.'"
Buckley, Michigan
ƙidayar 2010
Tsakanin shekarun ƙauyen ya kai shekaru 30.2. 31.3% na mazauna kasa da shekaru 18; 8% sun kasance tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 24; 32% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 21.4% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 7.2% sun kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Tsarin jinsi na ƙauyen ya kasance 50.2% na maza da 49.8% mata.
Ƙididdigar 2000
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 550, gidaje 185, da iyalai 145 da ke zaune a ƙauyen. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance 309.4 a kowace murabba'in mil ( 119.3 /km2). Akwai rukunin gidaje 212 a matsakaicin yawa na 119.3 a kowace murabba'in mil (46.0/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na ƙauyen ya kasance 93.64% Fari, 0.73% Ba'amurke, 2.36% Ba'amurke, 0.36% Asiya, 1.27% daga sauran jinsi, da 1.64% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 3.64% na yawan jama'a.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
29. ^ Cherry, 47.
30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cherry, 48–57.
Buckley, Michigan
Ƙididdigar 2000
Akwai gidaje 185, daga cikinsu kashi 42.7% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 61.1% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 12.4% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 21.1% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 13.0% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 4.9% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.94 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.18.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
31. ^ "Biography – Wilt Chamberlain". HickokSports.com. September 6, 2004. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved
32. ^ a b c d e Cherry, 68–71.
Buckley, Michigan
Ƙididdigar 2000
A cikin ƙauyen, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 31.5% 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18, 10.0% daga 18 zuwa 24, 31.5% daga 25 zuwa 44, 18.9% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 8.2% waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko kuma mazan. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 31. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 91.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 94.3.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
34. ^ kusports.com (December 27, 2007). "Men's Basketball". Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
Buckley, Michigan
Ƙididdigar 2000
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a ƙauyen shine $36,667, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $37,212. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $28,750 sabanin $19,167 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na ƙauyen shine $14,258. Kusan 5.2% na iyalai da 7.3% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 4.7% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 13.6% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
35. ^ a b c d e Lazenby, Roland (February 14, 2007).
"Big Norman". Archived from the original on January 3, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
36. ^ a b harlemglobetrotters.com (February 10, 2007). "The Original Harlem Globetrotters". Archived from the original on August 12, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
37. ^ Cherry, 79.
38. ^ a b c d e f Deford, Frank (February 10, 1999). "Just doing fine, my man". CNN. Retrieved
39. ^ Cherry, 89.
40. ^ a b Cherry, 93–94.
41. ^ "Syracuse Nationals at Philadelphia Warriors Box Score, November 4, 1959". Basketball-Reference. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
42. ^ nba.com (February 10, 2007). "Larry Bird Bio". Retrieved January 26, 2008.
43. ^ "New York Knicks at Philadelphia Warriors Box Score, November 10, 1959". Basketball-Reference. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
44. ^ "Philadelphia Warriors vs Detroit Pistons Box Score, January 25, 1960". Basketball-Reference. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
45. ^ "New York Knicks at Philadelphia Warriors Box Score, February 25, 1960". Basketball-Reference. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
46. ^ a b c d e Cherry, 96–97.
47. ^ a b c Cherry, 105–106.
48. ^ "Players to have recorded 50 points and 30 rebounds in the playoffs". Basketball-Reference. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
49. ^ a b Cherry, 99.
51. ^ "Boston Celtics at Philadelphia Warriors Box Score, November 24, 1960". Basketball-Reference. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
52. ^ "Philadelphia Warriors vs Los Angeles Lakers Box Score, November 29, 1960". Basketball-Reference. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
53. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q basketball-reference.com (February 14, 2007). "Wilt Chamberlain Statistics". Retrieved January 26, 2008.
54. ^ basketball-reference.com (February 10, 2007).
Godknows Igali
Godknows Igali (an haife shi 4 ga watan afirilu 1960) a southern Ijaw jihar Bayelsa a tarayyar Nigeria. Ya kasance maikacin gwamnati, marubuci kuma jami'in diflomaciya. A shekarar 2007 shugban kasa Umaru Musa Yar'adu ya tura shi kasar Sweden, Denmark, Norway da kuma Finland a matsayin jakada. Sannan a 4 ga watan Mayu 2010 ya samu matsayin sakatare na dindindin a ma'ikatan ruwa ta gwamnatin tarayya
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Manazarta
"1961 NBA Season Summary". Retrieved January 26, 2008.
55. ^ Cherry, 100.
Godknows Igali
Farkon rayuwa
An haifeshi a karamar hukumar southern Ijaw dake jihar Bayelsa a 4 ga watan aprelu 1960. Ya samu kwalin Ph.D din shi a bangaren siyasa da ilimin kasashen ketare a jami'ar Venezuela