cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Bikin Sango
Tarihi
Sango ya kasance sananne, ƙaƙƙarfan sarki kuma matsafi wanda ya zama sarkin daular Oyo bayan ya gaji babban yayansa wanda ake ganin “mai rauni ne mai mulki”. An yi imanin cewa zai kawo ci gaba ga al’ummar masarautar Oyo a zamanin mulkinsa, an danganta mutuwar Sango da tatsuniyoyi daban-daban. An yi imanin cewa Sango ya kashe kansa ne ta hanyar rataye kansa domin gudun wulakanci daga wani babban hakimansa da ya umarci Sango ya bar sarautarsa ​​ko kuma ya fuskanci yaki. An ce Sango ya yi sarauta na tsawon shekaru bakwai kacal a matsayin Sarkin Oyo amma da irin wannan jagoranci mai karfi sai aka lasafta shi a matsayin mafi kyawun Sarki da aka taba yi a tarihin sarakunan Oyo. A lokacin bukukuwan 2021, Ayaba watau uwargidan Sarki sun yi takama da yadda suka hana ruwa sauka wanda zai dagula bikin bayan sun tuntubi Yemoja da limamin Sango. Haka kuma, an ce za a fara bikin ne da Iwure Agba ma’ana addu’ar dattijai da firist Sango ke jagoranta.
Muhimmanci
Tun lokacin da aka sauya suna a cikin 2013, taron wanda aka saba gudanarwa a watan Agusta kuma yana gudana tsawon mako guda yana jan hankalin 'yan kallo sama da 20,000 a duniya ciki har da Brazil, Cuba, Trinidad da Tobago da Caribbean. Taron wanda hukumar UNESCO ta amince da shi, an shirya shi ne domin saukaka zuwa gida na Yarabawa a kasashen waje da kuma bikin Sango wanda ake yi wa kallon babban jarumi a tarihin kabilar Yarabawa.
Chizarira National Park
Bayani
Yankin arewa na wurin shakatawa yana cikin Kudancin Miombo woodlands ecoregion,yayin da yankin kudu yana cikin yankin Zambezian, da mopane woodlands, ecoregion. Girgizar ƙasa ta faɗi ƙasa da 600 m zuwa bene na kwarin Zambezi kuma yana ba da kyawawan ra'ayoyi zuwa tafkin Kariba, 40 km arewa. Koguna irin su Mcheni da Lwizikululu sun yanke kusan kwazazzabai masu tsauri a cikin kwazazzabo. A arewa maso gabas na wurin shakatawa ya ta'allaka ne da Tundazi, dutsen da, bisa ga almara na gida, yana zaune a kan wani katon maciji, allahn kogin Nyaminyami, Iyakar kudanci tana da alamar kogin Busi wanda ke gefenta da kwararowar ambaliya da ke goyan bayan ƙaya na hunturu na Faidherbia albida.
Chizarira shi ne wurin shakatawa na kasa na 3 mafi girma a Zimbabwe, wanda ke da yawan mutane hudu daga cikin manyan dabbobi biyar da karkandarin suka bace. Ƙasar tana da kyau ga damisa, kuma akwai nau'in herbivore iri-iri. Babban abin jan hankalinsa shine ƙaƙƙarfan roƙonta na jeji. Tafiya safaris babban bangare ne na kwarewa. Za a iya cewa dajin na uku mafi girma a Zimbabuwe da kuma yankin daji mafi nisa, Chizarira National Park ya samo sunansa daga kalmar Batonga "Chijalila" wanda ke nufin "Babban Barrier", yanayin tuddai masu ban mamaki da tsaunuka masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke samar da wani yanki mai ban sha'awa na ban mamaki. Zambezi Escarpment. Wurin da ke wurin shakatawar yana da ƙaƙƙarfa, mai cike da ɗumbin tsaunuka, manyan kwazazzabai masu ban sha'awa. A cikin kwaruruka masu tsananin ƙarfi, sandwished da keɓaɓɓen fili mai buɗe ido yana hutawa da ɗanɗanon ciyayi cikin annashuwa ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na halitta. Wannan ya sanya wurin shakatawa ya zama wuri mai ban mamaki don jin daɗin yanayi.
Fauna
Chizarira National Park, yana karbar bakuncin yawancin namun daji da ake sa ran da kuma megafauna kamar giwayen Afirka, zaki, damisa da kuma Cape bauna. Har ila yau, akwai nau'o'in nau'in ƙananan namun daji, ciki har da klipspringer, wanda aka sani da ikonsa na bunƙasa a cikin ƙananan dutsen da ke kusa. Chizarira yana da nau'ikan rayuwar tsuntsaye iri-iri kuma an ga ɗaruruwan jinsuna a cikin dajin. Ana nema bayan an yi rikodin tsuntsaye sun haɗa da na'urar watsa labarai ta Afirka, Livingstone's flycatcher, yammacin nicator, Emerald cuckoo na Afirka da kuma pitta na Afirka da ba kasafai ba. Chizarira kuma gida ne ga Taita falcon wanda ke kiwo a cikin dajin.
An ayyana Chizarira a matsayin wurin ajiyar da ba na farauta ba a 1938 kuma a matsayin wurin ajiyar wasa a 1963; an ba shi matsayin National Park a ƙarƙashin Dokar Parks da Wild Life Act (1975). Gidan shakatawa yana da hedkwatarsa a Manzituba.
1-Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 2016-11-08. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
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Bikin Igogo
Bikin Igogo bikin Yarabawa ne da ake gudanarwa a garin Owo na Najeriya. Ana yin shi kowace shekara a watan Satumba don girmama Sarauniya Oronsen, matar ta Rerengejen. A yayin bikin, Olowo na Owo, Oba Ajibade Gbadegesin Ogunoye III, da manyan sarakunan masarautar Owo, sun sanya kaya irin na mata masu murjani beads, rigunan kwalliya da kwalliya. Ba a yarda da sanya riga da hula da kuma buga ganguna da harbin bindiga a lokacin bikin.
Tarihi
An fara bikin Igogo sama da shekaru 600 da suka gabata a zamanin mulkin Olowo Rerengejen. Sarkin ya auri Oronsen, wata kyakkyawar sarauniya mai wadata, wadda sarki ba a sani ba, Orisha. Ta wadatar da sarki kuma tana sonsa a dalilin haka. Sarauniya Oronsen ta dage kan wasu haramtattun abubuwa. Ta nace kada kowa ya nika okra a gabanta ko ya zuba ruwa a tsakar gida. Bugu da kari, duk wanda ya zo daga gona kada ya tula kayan wuta. Sarki Rerengejen ya ja kunnen sauran matansa da kada su gudanar da wadannan ayyuka. Wata rana Sarauniya Oronsen ta sami sabani da sauran matan Sarki. Sun yi mata maƙarƙashiya da nufin keta mata haramun alhalin Rerengejen ba ya cikin fada. An keta mata haramcin daga bisani ta bar fadar.
A guje ta fice daga fadar, sai wasu masu gadin gidan da hakimai suka bi ta domin su dawo da ita, kokarin da ya ci tura. Daga baya ta gaji ta jira a wani waje da ake kira “Ugbo Laja” inda aka same ta aka lallaba ta ta koma fada. Kin amincewar da ta yi ya bai wa masu gadi takaici, inda suka kama ta da karfi bayan haka amma ta bace a cikin "Igbo Oluwa", wanda a yanzu ya zama daji mai tsarki, inda ta bar kan ta (oja) a Ugbo Laja. Daga baya masu gadin sun mayar da su wurin Sarki Rerengejen. "Ugbo Laja" yanzu itace tsarkakkiya. Hoton terracotta na Sarauniya Oronsen daga “Igbo Oluwa” na Ekpo Eyo ya tsaya daga nesa don sanar da mutanen Owo cewa babu abin da zai dawo da ita fadar sai dai a kowace shekara su rika sadaukar da kayayyaki dari biyu na kayayyaki daban-daban, kamar busasshen kifi, Colanut, barkono na kada, Cola mai daci da dai sauran su na ibada (Igogo) kuma a madadin ta yi alkawarin kare masarautar har abada.
Abubuwan da suka faru
Bikin Igogo na tsawon kwanaki 17 kuma yana farawa da ayyukan Upeli na sarakunan Iloro. Sarakunan dai suna karkashin wani basarake da aka fi sani da Akowa na Iloro, wanda shi ne sarkin gargajiya na sarakunan Iloro. Wannan Muzaharar ta Upeli ta dauki tsawon kwanaki 12 tana gudanar da ayyuka da dama da suka hada da Utegi, Ugbabo, Uyanna da Ugbate. Haka kuma lokaci ne na bikin sabuwar doya. A yayin wannan muzaharar an haramta buga ganguna da daidaikun mutane ko kungiyoyi sannan kuma an haramta amfani da hula da maza da mata a kusa da Sarkin Owo, Olowo na Owo. Bikin ya kunshi rawan mazan da ba su da kirji, mazan Iloro Quarter mai suna Ighares. Sau da yawa sukan sanya farar hula da ƙaho biyu na buffalo a hannunsu. Suna busa ƙahoni tare sa'ad da suke raye-raye a kewayen garin da ziyartar wasu wurare masu tsarki na garin. A lokacin wannan biki, duk dabbar da ta ketare hanyoyinsu ta zama abinci a gare su kai tsaye. Hakimai suna yin kwalliya da raye-raye a cikin gari, suna ziyartar 'yan uwansu da ke ba su kyauta. Sarki yakan yi ado irin na mace kuma yana raye-raye a cikin gari ma. Rawar da sarki ya yi a kasuwa ma na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ake yi a lokacin bikin.
Vdfy.com
Vie de France Co., Ltd. (ヴィ・ド・フランス, Vi do Furansu) is a French bakery chain owned by Yamazaki Baking. It is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo.
Tarihi
An fara raba gidan biredi a shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da daya 1971, kuma an fara rarraba gidan abinci a shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da takwas 1978.
A cikin shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da uku 1983, Vie de France ta ƙaddamar da shirin faɗaɗawa. A cikin shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da hudu 1984, kudin shiga na Vie de France
A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da shida 1986, Jean-Louis Vilgrain, shine babban jami'in zartarwa na Vie de France, amma tushensa a Paris, kuma shugaban Grands Moulins de Paris ( fr ), wani injin Faransa. Iyalin Vilgrain suna da rinjayen iko akan Vie de France da Grands Moulins de Paris. Lloyd J. Faul, janar brigadier janar mai ritaya, ya kasance shugaban kasa kuma babban jami'in gudanar da aiki, kuma Richard J. Sharoff, tsohon babban mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma babban manaja na sashen sayar da kayayyaki na Kitchens na Sara Lee, ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma shugaban kasa -sanya.
A cikin 1991, Yamazaki ya sayi rukunin Vie de France Bakery, wanda ya sayar da daskararre kuma ya isar ta masu rabawa, kuma a cikin 1994, Yamazaki Baking ya sayi ɓangaren Gidan Abinci na Vie de France. Yamazaki yanzu yana aiki da Vie de France a Amurka da Japan  a ƙarƙashin alamar Vie de France.
A cikin 2013, Sadao Yasumura ya kasance Shugaba da COO na Vie de France, kuma wuraren burodi da daskararre sun kasance a Los Angeles, Denver, Virginia, New York da Atlanta.
Kasuwanci
Yawancin wuraren Amurka suna cikin yankin Washington DC kuma a Shula's Hotel & Golf Club, Miami Lakes, FL. A da a South Coast Plaza, Costa Mesa, CA  Chicago,    Dallas,  Atlanta,  Minneapolis,
Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr
Queenstar Maame Pokua Sawyerr (an haife ta 1 Yuli 1964) 'yar siyasan Ghana ce kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar ministan yankin tsakiyar Ghana. Ta kasance ‘yar majalisar dokokin mazabar Agona ta gabas tun daga shekarar 2013.
Dokokin Hakkin Filial
Dokokin ɗaukar nauyi ( Dokokin tallafin filial, dokokin taƙawa na filial ) dokoki ne a cikin Amurka waɗanda ke ɗora aiki, yawanci akan ƴaƴan manya, don tallafawa iyayensu matalauta ko wasu dangi. A wasu lokuta ana ba da aikin ga sauran dangi. Irin waɗannan dokokin na iya aiwatar da su ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu kuma suna iya kasancewa a matakin jiha ko ƙasa. Duk da yake mafi yawan dokokin shari'a suna yin la'akari da tilastawa jama'a, wasu sun haɗa da hukuncin laifi ga yara manya ko dangi na kusa waɗanda suka ƙasa ba da tanadi ga ƴan uwa lokacin da aka ƙalubalanci yin hakan. Makullin mahimmin ra'ayi ya kasance matalauta, saboda babu buƙatar cewa iyaye su tsufa. Ga al'ummomin da ba na Yamma ba, an yi amfani da kalmar " taƙawa ta gari" ga haƙƙin iyali ga dattawa.
Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Sawyerr a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1964 kuma ta fito ne daga Agona Kwanyako a yankin Tsakiyar Ghana. Ta samu babbar Difloma ta kasa a 'Accra Polytechnic' sannan ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin 'Public Administration' daga jami’ar 'Atlantic International University'.
Aiki
Sawyerr mace ce ta kasuwanci. Ta kasance shugabar kamfanin 'Queenstar Real Estates Company Limited' kafin ta zama ‘yar majalisa.
Dokokin Hakkin Filial
“Dokar da ta dace” ba daidai ba ce da tanadi a cikin dokar tarayya ta Amurka wacce ke buƙatar “dubawa” na shekaru biyar a cikin bayanan kuɗin duk wanda ke neman Medicaid don tabbatar da cewa mutumin bai ba da dukiya ba don cancanci Medicaid.
Irin waɗannan dokoki kuma akwai a Jamus, Faransa, Taiwan da Singapore.
Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr
Siyasa
Sawyerr memba ce 'yar jam'iyyar 'National Democratic Congress'. A halin yanzu ita ce ‘yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Agona ta gabas a yankin tsakiyar kasar Ghana.
Dokokin Hakkin Filial
Tarihi
Dokokin tallafi na filial sun fito ne daga Dokar Talauci ta Elizabethan na 1601.
Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr
Kwamitoci
Sawyerr ita mamba ce a kwamitin matasa, wasanni da al'adu; memba na kwamitin asusun jama'a; sannan kuma memba na kwamitin ilimi.
Dokokin Hakkin Filial
Tarihi
A lokaci guda, kusan jihohi 45 na Amurka suna da dokoki da suka wajabta wa babba yaro kula da iyayen sa. Wasu jihohi sun soke dokokin goyon bayansu bayan Medicaid sun ɗauki babban matsayi wajen ba da taimako ga tsofaffi marasa lafiya ba tare da wata hanya ba. Sauran jihohin ba su yi ba, kuma ɗimbin dokokin tallafin filial sun tsaya kan littattafan.
Gabaɗaya, kafofin watsa labaru ba su rufe dokokin alhakin fili da yawa, kuma ba a yi niyyar siyasa don ganin an aiwatar da su ba. Tun daga shekarar 2019, jihohi ashirin da shida da Puerto Rico suna da irin waɗannan dokoki akan littattafan, kuma wasu jihohi kaɗan suna buƙatar yuwuwar tallafin kakanni ko ma 'yan'uwa.
Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr
Tallafawa
Sama da shekaru 10, Sawyerr ta kirkiro Maame Pokua Loan Scheme (MPLS) don rarraba kudi da tallafi wa mata masu sana'a a mazabarta. Tsarin lamuni ne na kyauta wanda aka yi niyya don ciyar da mata don fadada kasuwancinsu.
A cikin 2014, ta gabatar da tsarin lissafin lissafi ga ɗalibai sama da 1400 a mazabarta waɗanda suka rubuta BECE.
Dokokin Hakkin Filial
Ana buƙatar tallafi
Yawanci, waɗannan dokokin suna wajabta wa yara manya (ko kuma ya danganta da jiha, sauran ƴan uwa) su biya wa iyayensu matalauta abinci, sutura, wurin kwana da buƙatun likita. Idan yaran sun kasa samar da wadataccen abinci, sai su kyale gidajen jinya da hukumomin gwamnati su kawo matakin shari’a don kwato kuɗin kula da iyaye. Yaran manya ma na iya zuwa gidan yari a wasu jihohin idan sun kasa ba da goyon bayan fili.
Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr
Tallafawa
A shekarar 2017, ta kuma shirya duba lafiyar zawarawa da tsofaffi a Gomoa Adzentum da ke mazabar Gomoa ta Gabas a yankin Tsakiya.
Dokokin Hakkin Filial
Jihohi da yankuna masu dokokin alhakin fili
Lura: Har yanzu an haɗa Iowa a cikin jerin har na 2019, amma ta soke dokar alhakin ta na fili a cikin shekara ta 2015.
Shari'ar gwaji
A cikin 2012, kafofin watsa labaru sun ba da rahoton shari'ar John Pittas, wanda mahaifiyarsa ta sami kulawa a wani ƙwararrun ma'aikatan jinya a jihar Pennsylvania bayan wani hatsari sannan ya koma Girka. Gidan jinya ta kai karar danta kai tsaye, kafin ma ta yi kokarin karba daga Medicaid. Wata kotu a Pennsylvania ta yanke hukuncin cewa dole ne ɗan ya biya, bisa ga dokar alhakin filial tA jihar Pennsylvania.
Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr
Tallafawa
A shekarar 2018 ta kuma gabatar da kayan gini da tebura ga makarantu kusan biyar a mazabar Agona ta Gabas.
Rigima
A watan Oktoba 2020, Nana Kojo Amuakwa V (Basaraken Agona Duakwa) ya hana Sawyerr yin kamfen a ƙasar Agona. Ta yi ikirarin cewa ta biya shugaban wasu kudade don wani aiki wanda shugaban ya musanta.
Dokokin Hakkin Filial
Turai
A Jamus, mutanen da ke da alaƙa a cikin "layi kai tsaye" (kakanni, iyaye, yara, jikoki) ana buƙatar su tallafa wa juna, wannan ya haɗa da yara da iyaye marasa talauci ( de:Elternunterhalt, goyon baya ga iyaye ).
A Faransa, ana buƙatar dangi na kusa (kamar yara, iyaye da ma'aurata) su tallafa wa juna idan akwai buƙata ( fr: obligation alimentaire , aiki da taimako ''). ''
Asiya
Singapore, Taiwan, Indiya, da China Mainland sun haramta ƙin tallafin kuɗi ko na tunanin mutum ga iyayen tsofaffi.
Adeola Ogunmola Showemimo
Adeola Sowemimo matuƙiyar jirgin saman Najeriya ce.
Ughoton
Ughoton (ko Gwato ) birni ne, da ke a Jihar Edo ta kudancin Najeriya.
Adeola Ogunmola Showemimo
Sana'a
Ta fara aikinta na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a makarantar Sunrise Aviation Academy da ke Amurka inda ta kammala karatunta a 2011.
Ughoton
Dangane da al'adar baka ta Benin, an bayar da rahoton cewa 'Iguekaladerhan' (ƙasar Ekaladerhan) ta Ekaladerhan, ɗan Owodo ya kafa garin Benin, Benin ogiso (sarki) na ƙarshe. A lokacin da Owodo ya yi gudun hijira saboda rashin gudanar da mulki, Ekaladerhan ya gudu daga Owodo, wanda ya so ya sadaukar da shi ga alloli. Rahotannin inda Ekaladerhan yake, sun isa Owodo bayan da mafarauta suka gan shi, inda ya aika sojoji su kama shi. Lokacin da suka isa Ekaladerhan ya tafi, sojoji da mafarauta suka zauna a inda suke, suka kafa garin maimakon su dawo su fuskanci fushin Owodo.
Adeola Ogunmola Showemimo
Nasarorin da aka samu
A cikin 2019, ta zama mace ta farko da ta fara aiki a jirgin saman Qatar Airways a Gabas ta Tsakiya, yankin da ke fuskantar ƙalubale ga mata masu fatan zama matuƙiya jirgi.
Ughoton
A cikin karni na goma sha biyar, Ughoton ya fara aiki a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa na kusa da birnin Benin, wanda ya fara karbar bakuncin Portuguese, kuma daga baya 'yan kasuwa na Ingilishi da Dutch. Shahararren mai binciken Venetian Giovanni Belzoni, wanda aka sani da nasararsa wajen neman kayan tarihi na Masar da sayar da su zuwa gidan tarihi na Biritaniya, ya mutu a nan a cikin 1823 na dysentery a lokacin balaguro.
Akwai kuma wani garin Ughoton a karamar hukumar Okpe ta jihar Delta, wanda ya kunshi mutanen Urhobo-Okpe. Kamar su Urhobo wannan mutanen Ughoton ’yan ci-rani ne daga Benin kuma suna da yare na musamman da sauran Okpes wadanda tare suka mamaye kananan hukumomi biyu daga cikin 25 na jihar Delta. Ughoton yana iyaka da creek wacce kwarara cikin kogi da ƙoramu na cikin garin. Makwabtanta na kudu su ne Itsekiris na Orere da Omadino. A arewa akwai Jeddo da Ugbokodo, kauyuka biyu na Okpe.
Adeola Ogunmola Showemimo
Nasarorin da aka samu
Ita ce matuƙiyar jirgi mace ta farko a Najeriya da ta tashi jirgin Boeing 767 jirgin sama a kan Tekun Atlantika, kasancewar suna cikin wasa ɗaya da Kyaftin Irene Koki na Kenya, da Kyaftin Amsale Gulau na Habasha.
Hakkin dan Adam a Aljeriya
A shekara ta 2011, shugaban Aljeriya na wancan lokacin Abdelaziz Bouteflika ya ɗaga dokar ta baci wacce ta kasance tun bayan karshen yakin basasar Aljeriya a shekara ta 2002, sakamakon zanga-zangar Larabawa da ta faru a duk faɗin duniyar Larabawa.
Babban kalubalen ga haƙƙin ɗan adam a Aljeriya sun haɗa da ƙuntatawa mai yawa na 'yancin tarayya, taro da motsi, tare da ikon gwamnati kan' yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da na manema labarai, cin hanci da rashawa mai yawa, rashin hukunci na hukuma, yawan amfani da tsare-tsare kafin shari'a, rashin daidaito na kurkuku, cin zarafin fursunoni, tashin hankali da nuna bambanci ga mata, iyakance haƙƙin ma'aikata, da kisan da jami'an gwamnati suka yi. A cikin 2017, Human Rights Watch ta ruwaito cewa gwamnatin Aljeriya ta kara yin shari'ar aikata laifuka a kan masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, 'yan jarida, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai don magana ta zaman lafiya, ta hanyar labarai a cikin dokar azabtarwa ta kasar da ke aikata laifukan "ƙaryata shugaban kasa", "tsaryata jami'an gwamnati" da "ƙaryatãwa ga Islama", ban da korar zanga-zangar zaman lafiya a matsayin "taro da ba tare da izini ba".
Bouteflika ya yi murabus a shekarar 2019 bayan watanni na zanga-zangar bayan da ya bayyana niyyarsa ta tsaya takara a karo na biyar a matsayin shugaban kasa. Bayan wani lokaci na wucin gadi, an zabi Abdelmadjid Tebboune a matsayin shugaban kasa, wanda ya yi magana don goyon bayan masu zanga-zangar. Duk da wannan, Human Rights Watch ta ruwaito a cikin 2021 cewa gwamnatin Aljeriya ta ci gaba da kamawa da kuma ɗaure masu zanga-zangar, masu gwagwarmaya, da 'yan jarida daga ƙungiyar Hirak, tare da yin gyare-gyare ga kundin tsarin mulkin kasar don ƙuntata' yancin magana da ci gaba da rage' yancin shari'a.
Tarihi
Freedom House ta rarraba Aljeriya a matsayin "ba kyauta ba" tun lokacin da ta fara buga irin wannan ƙididdigar a cikin 1972, ban da 1989, 1990, da 1991, lokacin da aka lakafta ƙasar "a wani ɓangare kyauta". Har zuwa inda akwai dimokuradiyya a Aljeriya ta yau, an kafa shi a cikin dokoki uku:
An gudanar da zabubbuka na kyauta a kasar tun daga shekarar 1988, amma nasarar da kungiyar 'yancin Islama (FIS) ta samu a zaben majalisar dokoki na 1991 ya haifar da juyin mulkin soja da kuma sanyawa, a watan Fabrairun 1992, na dokar ta baci wanda aka dakatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. An hana 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, ƙungiya, da taro sosai, kuma an kama mutane da yawa ba tare da tuhuma ba kuma an tsare su ba tare da shari'a ba. Yaƙin basasa ya ɓarke daga 1991 zuwa 1999, kuma tun lokacin da ya ƙare babu wani bincike na hukuma game da manyan keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da suka faru a lokacin rikici.
Babbar abokiyar hamayyar gwamnati a cikin yakin shine Armed Islamic Group (GIA), kungiyar ta'addanci ta Islama da kuma ƙungiyar Al Qaeda wacce John R. Schindler ya bayyana a cikin The National Interest a watan Yulin 2012 a matsayin "mai yawan tashin hankali" kuma a matsayin mai aikata "tsarin bama-bamai a Paris a lokacin rani na 1995" wanda shine "harin farko na Al Qaeda a Yamma". Schindler ya lura cewa "shekaru masu ban tsoro na Aljeriya na 1993-191997 sun kasance abin da al'ummar kare hakkin dan adam na duniya suka mayar da hankali ga al'ummar 'yancin dan adam na kasa da kasa" amma "mummunar kisan gillar da aka yi a cikin shekarun 1990 ya sami karamin ɗaukar hoto a kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma, duk da cewa mai yiwuwa ya yi ikirarin sau biyu fiye da rikicin Bosnian, wanda ya gudana a lokaci guda kuma ya sami kulawa ta Yamma ba tare da tsayawa ba. " Schindler ya kara da cewa "yaƙin basasar Aljeriya, wanda ya fara shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, bai ƙare ba".
CNCD ta shirya tafiya a Algiers a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2011, don neman kawo karshen dokar ta baci da maido da dimokuradiyya da 'yanci. Gwamnati ta nemi hana zanga-zangar ta hanyar toshe hanyoyi zuwa Algiers, dakatar da jiragen kasa zuwa Algièrs, kafa wuraren dubawa da shingen a cikin Algiers، kin amincewa da biza ga wakilan kafofin watsa labarai na duniya, tsare abokan adawar gwamnati da 'yan jarida, da rufe Intanet. Duk da haka, zanga-zangar ta ci gaba, tare da hukumomi suna kimanta yawan mahalarta a 800 kuma masu shirya suna kimanta adadin a 2000. An yi wa masu zanga-zangar da yawa duka kuma an kwace kyamarori.￼
An ɗaga dokar ta baci a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, amma ƙuntatawa mai yawa kan haƙƙin ɗan adam ya kasance.
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, shugaban kasar Abdelaziz Bouteflika, wanda ya kasance a cikin mukamin tun 1999, ya yi murabus bayan zanga-zangar jama'a bayan ya sanar da niyyarsa ta tsaya takara a karo na biyar. Abdelmadjid Tebboune ne ya gaje Bouteflika, wanda ya yi magana da yardar rai ga masu zanga-zangar.
A lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta 2020 a Aljeriya, gwamnati ta yi amfani da lafiyar jama'a don tabbatar da warwatsewar zanga-zangar Hirak ta hanyar aiwatar da kulle-kulle. Lokacin da aka ɗaga kulle-kulle a watan Yunin 2020, an dakatar da zanga-zangar a manyan biranen Aljeriya, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali a Béjaïa.
Shafin da ke biyowa yana nuna ƙididdigar Aljeriya tun 1972 a cikin rahotanni na Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke buga kowace shekara. Matsayi na 1 shine "kyauta"; 7, "ba kyauta ba".1 A cikin 2022, Freedom House ta kimanta haƙƙin ɗan adam na Aljeriya a matsayin 32 daga cikin 100 (ba kyauta ba).
Hakki na asali
Nuna bambanci bisa ga haihuwa, kabilanci, jinsi, da sauran halaye da yawa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, kodayake mata, musamman, suna fuskantar nuna bambanci mai yawa da tsarin. Kodayake ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, gwamnati tana sa ido kan sadarwa na abokan adawar siyasa, kafofin watsa labarai, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, da masu zargin ta'addanci. Ana bincika gidaje ba tare da takardar shaidar ba. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya kuma tabbatar da 'yancin magana da na' yan jarida, amma tare da gargadi daban-daban. Magana ta jama'a game da halin da sojojin gwamnati ke yi a cikin shekarun 1990 ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, kamar yadda zargi da Islama, jawabin da ke zagi shugabannin gwamnati, ko duk abin da ke barazanar "haɗin kan kasa" ko kuma ya ɓata wa "girman mutum".
Gwamnati tana matsa lamba a kan kafofin watsa labarai, galibi ta hanyar kama 'yan jarida don ɓata suna, wanda aka bayyana shi sosai kuma aka hukunta shi da tsanani a karkashin dokar Aljeriya. Censorship na kai da wasu 'yan jarida suka yi ya zama ruwan dare, kodayake wasu' yan jarida ba sa jinkirin sukar gwamnati a bayyane. Rediyo da Talabijin, waɗanda gaba ɗaya mallakar gwamnati ne, suna ba da ɗaukar hoto mai laushi kuma suna hana samun dama ga abokan adawar gwamnatin. Yawancin jaridu ana buga su a na'urorin buga littattafai na gwamnati, kuma gwamnatin tana amfani da wannan gaskiyar don yin tasiri ga editoci da manema labarai. Har ila yau, yana nuna tasiri ta hanyar amfani da ikon kamfanin talla na gwamnati don sanya ko a sanya tallace-tallace a cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban.
Samun damar yanar gizo yawanci ba matsala ba ce, kodayake gwamnati tana sa ido kan asusun imel da ɗakunan tattaunawa. Taron ilimi da makamantansu wani lokacin suna ƙarƙashin tsangwama na gwamnati, tare da biza wani lokacin ana hana su ga malaman kasashen waje waɗanda aka gayyace su shiga cikin irin waɗannan abubuwan. Masana ilimin Aljeriya suna buƙatar amincewar hukuma kafin su halarci tarurruka a kasashen waje, kuma galibi ana hana su wannan amincewar.
Kodayake kundin tsarin mulkin Aljeriya ya ba da tabbacin 'yancin ibada, ya kuma ayyana Islama addinin jihar kuma ya haramta ayyukan da ba su dace da dabi'un Islama ba, kuma a zahiri 'yancin addini ga wadanda ba Musulmai ba an iyakance shi da dokoki da ayyuka da yawa. Yin rajistar kungiyoyin da ba Musulmai ba yana da wahala, ana iya hukunta masu tuba har zuwa shekaru uku a kurkuku, kuma kungiyoyin Kirista galibi suna da matsala wajen samun biza, kodayake wannan matsala ta ƙarshe a bayyane ta ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Cocin Protestant na Aljeriya an yi niyya musamman, tare da goma sha takwas daga cikin majami'unsu rufe tsakanin Nuwamba, 2017 da Oktoba, 2019. Wannan ya sanya shakku game da yanayin 'yancin addini a Aljeriya. Gabaɗaya, waɗanda ba Musulmai ba ana jure su a cikin al'umma, amma akwai wasu nuna bambanci da cin zarafi, kuma Kiristoci da yawa suna da ƙarancin matsayi.
Kodayake kundin tsarin mulki ya tabbatar da haƙƙin taro da na ƙungiya, an rage su sosai a aikace. An dakatar da zanga-zangar a Algiers tun shekara ta 2000. Ana buƙatar izini don tarurrukan jama'a, kuma sau da yawa suna da wuyar samun su. Ana buƙatar amincewar hukuma don kafa jam'iyyun siyasa da sauran kungiyoyi da yawa, kamar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.
Yayinda yake taya Aljeriya murna don ɗaga dokar ta baci a watan Fabrairun 2011, Human Rights Watch ta bukaci gwamnati har yanzu tana buƙatar "maido da 'yanci na asali" ta hanyar yin gyare-gyare na "dokoki masu yawa da kuma kawo karshen ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda ba su da tushe na doka". Sarah Leah Whitson ta HRW ta ce ɗaga dokar ta baci ya yi "ƙananan tasiri ga 'yancin farar hula saboda dukkan dokoki suna kan littattafan da za su iya zama masu zalunci, ko kuma a yi amfani da su a hanyar zalunci". 'Yancin taro, HRW ya lura, "har yanzu an hana shi a Algiers, kuma ba tare da daidaituwa ba kuma an zaɓi shi a larduna".
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, HRW ta koka cewa gwamnatin Aljeriya tana amfani da "kama da sauran dabaru don hana mutane yin zanga-zanga a babban birnin a lokacin da ya kai ga zaben 10 ga Mayu, 2012". Ana tsare masu zanga-zangar zaman lafiya a Algiers, ciki har da akalla dan takara daya don zaben, kuma an hana wasu mutane shiga birnin. HRW ta lura cewa yayin da aka ɗaga dokar ta baci a watan Fabrairun 2011, jami'an tsaro har yanzu suna aiwatar da "dokokin zalunci kan tarurrukan jama'a, gami da haramtacciyar tarurruka a Algiers". HRW ta bayyana wadannan dokoki a matsayin "sun saba wa Aljeriya ta tilasta wa'adin kare hakkin dan adam a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa" kuma ta yi kira ga gwamnatin kasar da ta "kawar da takunkumin da ba daidai ba game da 'yancin taro a Algiers".￼
Hakazalika, kodayake kundin tsarin mulki ya tabbatar da motsi na 'yanci, wannan ma, an ƙuntata shi a aikace. Akwai iyakoki kan tafiya zuwa da kuma ta lardunan kudancin kasar. Ministan cikin gida yana da ikon sanya mutane a tsare gida. Matasa da har yanzu suna bin aikin soja na kasar ba za su iya barin kasar ba tare da izini ba. Mata masu aure ba za su iya tafiya kasashen waje ba tare da izinin mazajensu ba.
Dokar dokar ta baci ta 1992 ta ci gaba da aiki, kuma gwamnati ta damu musamman game da aiwatar da ƙuntatawa kan taro da ƙungiya. Wadannan ƙuntatawa, waɗanda ake amfani da su don iyakance ayyukan jam'iyyun siyasa na adawa da sauran abokan adawar gwamnatin, suna daga cikin manyan matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam a Aljeriya.
A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun 2022, Human Rights Watch ta ruwaito cewa hukumomin Aljeriya sun daure masu kare hakkin dan adam, masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam, 'yan adawa da' yan jarida don yin amfani da hakkinsu na yin magana da taro.
Ƴancin mata
Dokar Iyali ta Aljeriya ta 1984, a cewar Amnesty International, "ta sanya iyakoki masu yawa kan haƙƙin mata, gami da haƙƙin daidaito a gaban doka da haƙƙin ƙaddamar da kai". A karkashin dokar Aljeriya, fyade ba tare da aure ba ba ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, amma fyade na aure ba haka ba ne. Mata galibi suna zaɓar bayar da rahoton fyade, amma tabbacin na iya zama da wahala a samu, abubuwa sun inganta a waɗannan bangarorin tun daga shirin kasa na 2007-2011 don yaki da tashin hankali ga mata. Matan da mazajensu suka yi wa zalunci ba za su iya gabatar da tuhuma ba sai dai idan za su iya ba da tabbacin likita cewa ba su iya aiki aƙalla kwanaki 15. Yawancin kungiyoyin mata suna gudanar da cibiyoyin rikicin fyade kuma suna ba da shawara ga matan da aka zalunta, amma suna da iyakantaccen albarkatu kuma suna da matsala wajen cin zarafin ma'aurata da gaske. Cin zarafin jima'i laifi ne wanda za'a iya hukunta shi da tarar. Mata suna samun kulawa mai kyau a lokacin daukar ciki da haihuwa.
Kodayake maza da mata sun yi daidai a karkashin kundin tsarin mulki, akwai abubuwa masu nuna bambanci na shari'a a cikin dokar Aljeriya. Mata Musulmi ba za su iya auren wadanda ba Musulmai ba, alal misali. Mata suna da ikon samun saki kuma galibi ana ba su kula da yara, kodayake wasu yanke shawara game da rayuwar yara sun kasance a hannun uba. Maza na iya auren mata huɗu, kodayake ana zaton an ba da izini ne kawai idan matar farko ta amince kuma idan namiji zai iya biyan shi. Mata na iya zaɓar mazajensu. 'Ya'ya mata suna gaji ƙasa da' yan'uwansu ta hanyar doka. Ana nuna wariya ga mata a wurin aiki. A cikin birane, ana ƙarfafa mata su nemi ilimi, kuma 'yan mata da yawa fiye da maza sun shiga makarantar sakandare. Yawancin masu kula da kiwon lafiya da masu sana'a na kafofin watsa labarai mata ne, kamar yadda alƙalai da masu kasuwanci da yawa suke.
A cikin wani rahoto na 2012, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata ya yi kira ga Aljeriya da ta dauki mataki don " inganta daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kawar da halayen shugabanci da kuma zurfin ra'ayoyin nuna bambanci game da matsayi da nauyin mata da maza a cikin iyali da al'umma". Ya tambayi Algeria musamman don inganta daidaito a wurin aiki, don kawar da ra'ayoyin jima'i daga tsarin karatun makaranta, a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma tsakanin shari'a, don aiwatar da dokoki game da cin zarafin mata, tabbatar da cewa ma'anar fyade ta haɗa da fyade na mata.
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019, kashi 66% na masu jefa kuri'a sun amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki a cikin raba gardama, tare da yawan masu jefa kuriʼa na kasa da kashi 23%, ƙarancin tarihi. Sabon kundin tsarin mulki ya haɗa da kariya ga mata daga "duk nau'ikan tashin hankali a kowane wuri da yanayi" ban da samar da "mazauna, cibiyoyin kulawa, hanyoyin da suka dace na gyarawa da taimakon shari'a kyauta". Duk da wannan, an ruwaito cewa kisan mata ya ci gaba zuwa 2020, tare da akalla kisan mata da 'yan mata 36.
Hakkin yara
Yaro na iya gaji 'yan asalin Aljeriya daga kowane iyaye. Yaron mahaifin musulmi Musulmi ne ta atomatik. Ilimi ta hanyar makarantar sakandare kyauta ne kuma, har zuwa shekaru 16, tilas ne. Kodayake ba bisa ka'ida ba, cin zarafin yara matsala ce, wanda aka danganta da "al'adun tashin hankali".
Ƴancin Taron
Human Rights Watch ta ce a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara -2015-2016- cewa hukumomin Aljeriya sun ci gaba da murkushe zanga-zangar zaman lafiya ta hanyar hana kowane irin taron da aka gudanar ba tare da amincewar da ta gabata ba. Dangane da Mataki na 97 na dokar hukunci, shirya ko shiga cikin taron da ba a ba da izini ba, koda kuwa yana da zaman lafiya, game da laifi ne kuma yana sanya hukuncin har zuwa shekara guda a kurkuku. A watan Fabrairu, kotun ta yanke wa mambobi takwas na Kwamitin Kasa na Tsaro na 'Yancin Ma'aikatan Rashin Aiki hukuncin shekara guda a kurkuku bayan da ta yanke musu hukunci kan "taro mara izini" da kuma "matsi kan yanke shawara na majistare".
Hakkin yan Luwadi da Madigo
Ana iya hukunta luwadi da maɗigo da shekaru 3 a kurkuku tare da tarar har zuwa dinar 10,000, azabtarwa, duka, ko kisa. 'Yan sanda sun shiga cikin hare-haren, suna da hannu, ko kuma sun yi watsi da ido. Akwai nuna bambanci mai tsanani na zamantakewa, kuma 'yan luwadi kalilan ne ke rayuwa a bayyane. An haramta nuna jima'i kuma nuna bambanci yana da yawa.
Hakkin HIV / AIDS
Akwai nuna bambanci mai tsanani ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau / AIDS.
Yancin ƴan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka
Kasar tana da tanadi don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka, kuma tana aiki tare da Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR) da sauran kungiyoyi. Aljeriya ta taimaka wa wasu irin wadannan mutane daga Afirka ta kudu da Sahara yayin da ta juya wasu da yawa. A cikin 2020, an kori 'yan gudun hijira 17,000 mafi yawa daga yankin Sahara daga kasar, gami da wasu masu neman mafaka.
ƘasarHakkin ma'aikata
Ana buƙatar amincewar gwamnati don kafa ƙungiyoyi, kuma ƙungiya na iya rasa matsayinta na doka saboda dalilai daban-daban. Ana ba da izinin yajin aiki, amma yana buƙatar amincewar gwamnati, kuma ana ba da izini ne kawai bayan makonni biyu na sulhu ko sulhu. An ba da izinin yin ciniki tare. An haramta aikin tilas. Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ya kamata ta tilasta haramtacciyar aikin yara, amma yara miliyan 1.5 na Aljeriya suna aiki, galibi a gonaki da shaguna. Akwai ƙananan albashi, amma tilasta shi ba daidai ba ne. Duk da haka, gwamnatin Aljeriya tana taimaka wa ma'aikata da fa'idodi. Akwai dokoki game da lokutan aiki da makamantansu waɗanda aka fi aiwatar da su a cikin jama'a fiye da a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Ba a aiwatar da ka'idojin kiwon lafiya da tsaro na aiki yadda ya kamata ba, ko dai.
Anthony Santos (footballer)
Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Puerto Plata, Santos ya tafi tare da iyayensa don su zauna a Spain yana da shekaru 5. Tun daga nan, yana sha'awar yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin wasanni kuma yana yin shi a makaranta.
Lemos Club
Tare da Adrián González, mai tsaron baya ya shiga Club Lemos na rukuni na biyar na Sipaniya a cikin shekarar 2014, yana mai cewa yana son abokantaka na abokan wasansa da yanayin a can.
Duk da haka, a farkon shekarar 2015, an tilasta Santos ya koma Jamhuriyar Dominican don dalilai na sirri, yana nuna rashin jin dadi a lokacin da ba a ba da shi ba kuma ya bayyana cewa ya ji daɗin kwarewa a Monforte de Lemos.
A lokacin zamansa a can, ya kuma kasance kociyan kungiyoyin matasansu, yana mai da hankali sosai da yaran da suka yi nadamar tafiyarsa da wuri.
Atletico FC
Bayan ya koma ƙasarsa ta haihuwa, Santos ya samu nasarar lashe gasar La Liga Dominicana de Fútbol Atlántico FC, yana yin tasiri sosai a cikin 'yan wasansa na farko kuma ya zama farkon hagu. Har ila yau, dan wasan ya nuna mamaki kan ingancin kwallon kafa a Jamhuriyar Dominican babban matakin, yana mai cewa ya fi yadda ya zato.
Norway Township, Kittson County, Minnesota
Garin Norway birni ne, da ke cikin gundumar Kittson, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 94 a ƙidayar 2000.
An tsara garin Norway a cikin 1901. Babban kaso na farkon mazauna zama ƴan ƙasar Norway ya sa aka zaɓi sunan. Norway caused the name to be selected.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 35.2 murabba'in mil (91.1 km 2 ), wanda 35.1 murabba'in mil (90.8 2 ) kasa ce kuma 0.1 murabba'in mil (0.4 km 2 ) (0.40%) ruwa ne.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 94, gidaje 40, da iyalai 28 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 2.7 a kowace murabba'in mil (1.0/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 49 a matsakaicin yawa na 1.4/sq mi (0.5/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 95.74% Fari, da 4.26% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 1.06% na yawan jama'a.
Akwai gidaje 40, daga cikinsu kashi 25.0 cikin 100 na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune da su, kashi 62.5% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 2.5% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 30.0% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 27.5% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 22.5% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.35 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.86.
A cikin garin an bazu cikin yawan jama'a, tare da 23.4% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 3.2% daga 18 zuwa 24, 25.5% daga 25 zuwa 44, 28.7% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 19.1% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 43. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 104.3. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 111.8.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $32,188, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $38,125. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $31,500 sabanin $21,250 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $14,754. Akwai 3.7% na iyalai da 7.1% na yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da waɗanda ba ƙasa da shekaru goma sha takwas ba da 9.5% na waɗanda suka haura 64.
Yinka Davies
Yinka Davies (an haife shi a ranar sha shida 16 ga watan Yuli, a shekara ta alif dari tara da sabain 1970A.c) mawaƙin Najeriya ne, mai rawa, mawaƙa kuma alkali na wasan kwaikwayon gaskiya, Idol na Najeriya . Yinka ya kasance a cikin masana'antar nishaɗi ta Najeriya tsawon shekaru ashirin da takwas 28.
Pitch
Slogan - Lokaci ya yi da za mu yi magana da kanmu
Bayanan Bayani
Uba - dangin Lisabi na Jamhuriyar Benin/Saliyo wanda ya koma Legas saboda asalinsa dan Najeriya ne.
Uwa - daga Ikorodu, Jihar Legas.
Kakar uba - daga gidan sarautar Shagamu
Waɗannan asalin sun shafi tasirin kiɗan ta. Ta tuna cewa mahaifinta yana da guitar. Ta girma har zuwa sautin Sam Cooke, Johnny Cash, Elvis da Jimmy Dean lokacin da ta girma saboda wannan ita ce kiɗan da mahaifinta ke so ya saurara.
Ta kuma tuna kallon marigayi halayen TV Art Alade (mahaifin Dare Art-Alade ) wanda ke da mashahurin shirin talabijin mai suna Bar Beach Show wanda ke nuna mawaƙa daban-daban har ma da ƙungiyar mazaunin sa. Ya zama a bayyane ga Yinka cewa akwai karancin mawaƙa mata - a cikin shekarun dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin 1980s ta saurari Salawa Abeni (Yarbanci) da Dora Ifudu (mashahurin mawaƙi a cikin nau'in RnB) wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin mawakan mata da suka yi tasiri.
Nuna cikin kalmar Art da Kiɗa
Ƙaunarta ta farko ita ce ainihin zane -zane da sassaka; zama mawaƙi ba shine fifikonta a farko ba. Ista Litinin dubu daya da dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai 1987 ita ce farkon tafiya ta cikin fasaha yayin da ta ziyarci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa a Legas don bincika zama mai zane -zane. Ta je ta sadu da Abiodun Olaku shahararren mai zanen Najeriya. Ƙaunarta ta farko ita ce ainihin zane -zane da sassaka. Daga nan sai ta tsinci kanta cikin yanayin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa. Daga baya marigayi Bassey Effiong (darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo) ya ba ta umarni don ta taimaka masa fenti mataki don samar da Auren Anansewa ta Efua Sutherland. A lokacin wannan aikin ne ta dandana yadda mafarkin zanen ta mai girma 2 ya fara haɓaka tare da motsin su kuma zai iya ɗaukar rayuwar su.
A lokacin da ta ziyarci gidan wasan kwaikwayon na kasa, kasancewar tana da halin bincike, Yinka ta bincika duk sauran wuraren da ke cikin ginin don ganin abin da ke faruwa kuma ta yi tuntuɓe kan Elizabeth Hammond (ɗan rawa na Ghana) wanda ke gudanar da darussan rawa - ita ce ta yi wahayi zuwa mai rawa Elizabeth Hammond ta yi tare da marigayi Christie Essien Igbokwe lambar yabo ta Azurfa a bikin Seoul na 6, Koriya ta Kudu a 1983. Kamar yadda Yinka ya sanya ta, ta haka ne ta “rufe ƙofa” da fasali/fannoni daban -daban na zane -zane.
Kaddamar cikin kiɗa/raira waƙa
A cikin 1992, waɗanda suka shirya lambar yabo ta kiɗan Fame sun gan ta a matsayin mai zane-zane daga ko'ina cikin aikinta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, bidiyo, wasan kwaikwayo, muryoyin baya ga mawaƙan Najeriya daban-daban kuma sun zaɓa kuma sun ba ta lambar yabo ta farko mai zuwa.
Gudanar da wani kulob a Legas, Bread da Butter Jazz club sun haɗa ta a cikin gabatarwa ta ƙarshe a matsayin ƙungiya a ƙoƙarin gabatar da sabon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani wanda ake kira Lagbaja kuma tana da hannu sosai wajen samar da wannan faifan mawakin na farko mai suna Side by Side wanda aka saki a 1993. Daga baya ta mai da hankali kan kiɗa saboda wannan yana buƙatar ƙarin lokacinta. A cikin wannan lokacin ta kuma hada kai tare da mawakan rikodin Najeriya kamar Mike Okri (RnB), Shina Peters (Afro juju), Blackky (Reggae) da sauran su da yawa ba wai kawai a matsayin madadin mawaƙa ba amma har ma da mawaƙa don bidiyon kiɗan su. Wata babbar mawaƙa da ta yi aiki da ita ita ce marigayi Geraldo Pino (asali daga Saliyo) da Etienne T Boy (ɗan Kamaru) wanda ya yi aiki tare da Pino.
Ranar 21 ga watan Janairun 1994 ta kasance babbar juyi yayin da, abin takaici, ta yi karo da tasi a Legas lokacin da take tsallaka hanya. A cikin kalmomin ta, ta "tsallaka hanya ta bugi mota". Wannan ya haifar da babban aikin tiyata wanda ya shafi ikon rawa. Ta kasance tsakanin waƙa da rawa tana yin muryoyin baya ga sauran mawaƙa. Kiɗa a gare ta ya kasance a tsaye idan aka kwatanta da zane -zane, sassaka, wasan kwaikwayo, da rawa inda ta ji za ta iya ƙara kuzarin ta sosai.
Karancin mawakan mata a fagen wakokin Najeriya da sadaukarwar da Yinka ya yi don ci gaba da sana’ar ta ita ce dole ne a ga mace, a ji ta, a girmama ta kuma a yi mata biki a Najeriya. Tana son a tuna da ita a matsayinta na 'yar Najeriya da ake yawan gani, ji da kuma girmama ta. Daidaituwa ya kasance mafi girma a cikin ta, ta ƙuduri aniyar zama haske, fitila, kuma abin koyi ga mawaƙan mata na Najeriya mai zuwa kuma wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba ta mai da hankali kan shiga cikin al'amuran duniya ba sai yanzu. Kamar mahaifiyar kaji tana son ta zama abin ƙarfafa ga abokan aikinta mata a masana'antar kiɗa kuma yayin da waɗannan mawakan mata masu zuwa ke ƙaddamar da ayyukansu yanzu tana iya mai da hankali kan nemanta na shiga cikin yanayin duniya. In an ambaci kadan daga cikin mawaƙan mata na Najeriya da take ɗauka a matsayin abokai, duk da cewa ba lallai ne su yi zamani da ita a masana'antar kiɗa ba, akwai Asa, Tiwa Savage, Omawunmi, Waje da dai sauransu.
Yinka wata gada ce daga tsohuwar (inda ake da karancin mata masu kida) zuwa sabon salon kiɗan na Najeriya inda mace ke tabbatar da kanta da kuma neman matsayin ta.
Motsawa
Iyali abin ƙarfafa ne sosai yayin da ta ɗauki nauyin kula da 'yan uwanta tun suna ƙanana.
Mahaifinta yana cikin Sojojin Sama na Najeriya don haka tun suna ƙanana suna yawo sosai saboda mahaifinta yana jibge a sassa daban -daban na Najeriya. Tana tunawa da wani wuri da ake kira Mile na 9 wanda shine wurin triangle a Enugu inda hanyar ta kasu kashi 3 zuwa Arewa, Kudu, da Gabashin ƙasar. Mile na 9 a matsayin wurin taro shi ne, saboda haka, ya kasance mai ɗimbin ɗabi'ar dukkan al'adun Najeriya kuma saboda tana da ƙwazo sosai tun tana ƙarama ta ɗauki duk waɗannan abubuwan yayin da dangi suka ƙaura daga sansanin soja zuwa tushen wannan ƙwarewar ta kuma yi tasiri a cikin rubutunta na waka.
Ronwen Williams
Ronwen Williams (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Janairu 1992) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida kuma kyaftin ga ƙungiyar SuperSport United ta Afirka ta Kudu ta Premier Division da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu.
Doka Akan Gurbataccen Mai, ta 1990
Dokar gurbataccen mai ta 1990 (OPA) (101 HR1465, PL 101-380) ta zartar da Majalisar Dokokin ƙasar Amurka ta 101 kuma Shugaba George HW Bush ya sanya hannu. Yana aiki don guje wa zubar da mai daga tasoshin ruwa da wurare ta hanyar aiwatar da cire man da ya zube da kuma ba da alhakin farashin tsaftacewa da lalacewa; yana buƙatar takamaiman hanyoyin aiki; ya bayyana ƙungiyoyi masu alhakin da alhakin kuɗi; aiwatar da matakai don auna lalacewa; yana ƙayyadad da diyya wanda masu cin zarafi ke da alhakinsa; kuma ya kafa asusu don lalacewa, tsaftacewa, da kuma farashin cirewa. Wannan doka ta haifar da sauye-sauye na kayan aiki a cikin samar da man fetur, sufuri, da Kuma masana'antu.
Chuma Mmeka
Chuma Mmeka shi ne wanda kuma aka fi sani da 'T-char'  fitaccen mawaki ne kuma tauraron fina-finan Nollywood. Shi mawallafin murfin littafi ne kuma marubucin littattafai da yawa. Shi marubuci ne mai motsa rai, mai koyarwa, mai haɓaka ƙarfin ɗan adam, mai gudanarwa na kamfani, halayen watsa labarai da ɗan adam  yana aiki da farko a fannin tallafawa yara da kariya.
Doka Akan Gurbataccen Mai, ta 1990
Tarihi/Baya
Dokokin da ke tafiyar da zubewar mai a Amurka sun fara ne a shekara ta 1851 tare da Dokar Iyakan Laifin Laifi. Wannan mutum-mutumin, a wani yunƙuri na kare masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki, ya bayyana cewa masu jiragen ruwa suna da alhakin kashe kuɗin da suka shafi abin da ya faru har zuwa ƙimar jirgin ruwansu bayan faruwar lamarin. An kuma bayyana gazawar wannan doka a cikin shekarata 1967 tare da sakin sama da tan 100,000 na danyen mai a cikin tashar Turanci daga Torrey Canyon. Daga cikin dala miliyan 8 na kudaden da suka shafi tsaftacewa, masu mallakar Torrey Canyon suna da alhakin dala 50 kawai - ƙimar ragowar jirgin ruwan Torrey Canyon. A halin da ake ciki, dokar gurbacewar mai ta shekarar 1924 ta wuce, amma wannan mutum-mutumin kawai yana da iyakacin alhakin fitar da mai da gangan a cikin ruwan teku.
Shekaru biyu bayan malalar Torrey Canyon, fashewar wani dandali na mai a tashar Santa Barbara ya sanya kanun labarai na kasa tare da sanya gurbacewar mai zuwa hasken wurin jama'a. Sakamakon haka, a cikin shekarata 1970, Majalisa ta sanya gurɓataccen mai a ƙarƙashin ikon Dokar Kula da Ruwa ta Tarayya (FWPA) ta shekarar 1965, wacce daga baya ta zama Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa ta shekarar 1972 kuma a baya ta rufe najasa da fitarwar masana'antu. FWPA ta saita takamaiman iyakokin abin alhaki. Misali, jiragen ruwa da ke jigilar mai ana biyansu har dala kimanin 250,000 ko dala 150 kan kowace tan. Waɗannan iyakoki ba safai suke rufe farashin cirewa da tsaftacewa ba, balle barna.