cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Victoria Chika Ezerim
Victoria Chika Ezerim ta kasan ce yar wasan wasan Taekwondo' yar Najeriya ce da ke fafatawa a manyan rukunin mata. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a Gasar Taekwondo ta Afirka ta 2003 a –63 kilogiram na.
Aikin wasanni
Victoria ta halarci gasar Taekwondo ta Afirka ta 2003 da aka gudanar a Abuja, Nijeriya da kuma a cikin 73 kg, ta lashe lambar tagulla.
Abdulƙadir Gilani
Abdul ƙadir Jelani (da Larabci: عبد القادر الجيلانى) ya kasance babban malamin mazhaban Hambaliyya wanda daga shi ne aka samo Darikan Kadiriyya.
Kano Pillars BC
Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Kano Pillars kungiyar kwallon kwando ce ta Najeriya wadda take a cikin birnin Kano. Ƙungiyar tana wasa a Firimiya Lig na Najeriya kuma tana riƙe da tarihin mafi yawan lashe gasar tare da 6. Kungiyar ta buga gasar cin kofin zakarun kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na FIBA a kai a kai, inda ta ci tagulla a shekarar ta alif1985 da 1987.
Daraja
Gasar Lig ta Firimiyar Najeriya
Kiwon tantabara
macece ta tabbata ?
Kano Pillars BC
Daraja
FIBA Africa Basketball League
Kiwon tantabara
Tantabara dabba ce daga cikin dabbobin da Ubangijin halitta afadin ƙasa tana daga cikin ƙananan dabbobi.Tantabara tana daga cikin dabbobin masu haihuwa akai-akai,sannan akwai ban sha'awa afannin kiwon su.
Yadda ake kiwon tantabara
Duk mutumin da ya taso cikin karkara wato ƙauye yana da irrin kiwon da ya karbe shi.itadai tantabara akan saye ta ne a kusuwa ko gidajen gona ka gida irin namu da ake kiwon ta.
Da farko mai kiwon tantabara zai ta na Dar mata dakin kwana wato ""coop houses"akwai ire-iren da kunansu su akwai na ƙasa akwai na lakka,￼ sannan ya tana Dar mata da ƙaramin daki acikin ko na lakka ko tukwane.
Bayan haka sai ya san ya su acikin da kunan su,ya tana dar musu da abincin su ko hatsi ya tana Dar musu da Ruwan shansu.
Itadai tantabara tana da saurin yado,￼ aduk wata suna haihuwa sannan kuma suna yawan kula ƴaƴan su wato yan shi koli, tantabara bata iya haihuwa sai da namijin tantabari.
Gbolahan Salami
Fuad Gbolahan Salami (an haifeshi ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu, 1991) a Lagos, Najeriya. Ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a gaba, kwanan nan.
Aikin kulob
Ya fara wasa da Sunshine Stars FC kafin ya koma Shooting Stars FC da ke Ibadan. A cikin 2010, kungiyar ta dakatar da shi saboda amfani da kalaman barazana bayan ya zira kwallaye a wasan gasar da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa. Ya shiga Warri Wolves gabanin kakar 2014, kuma saura wasanni goma ya kasance na biyu wajen zira kwallaye tare da kwallaye 13 a gasar.
Wai
Wai ko WAI na iya nufin to :
Duba sauran wasu abubuwan
ワイ
Kogo
Kogo na nufin:
Mutane masu suna Kogo sun hada:
2. Kogo Noda, na Jafan.
3. Micah Kogo, na Kenya                                               4   Benjamin
Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)
Yankin Tsakiya takasance daya daga cikin yankin gwamnatin kasar Ghana; babban birnin yankin itace Cape Coast.
Chengdu
Chengdu (lafazi : /cenetu/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Sin. Chengdu yana da yawan jama'a 17,677,122, bisa ga jimillar 2013. An gina birnin Chengdu a karni na huɗu kafin haifuwan annabi Issa.
Hotuna
<Gallery> File:Chengdu-templo-d09.jpg|Wurin bauta na Chengdu File:Jin_River_Chengdu_-_Flickr.jpg|Kogin Jin, Chengdu File:Anshunlang_bridge_detail.jpg|Gadar Anshunlang, Chengdu </Gallery>
Wuhan
Wuhan (lafazi : /wuhan/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Sin. Wuhan yana da yawan jama'a 10,670,000, bisa ga jimillar 2013. An gina birnin Wuhan a karni na sha shida kafin haifuwan annabi Issa.
Yankin Greater Accra
Yankin Greater Accra ta kasan ce daya daga cikin yankin gwamnatin kasar Ghana; babban birnin yankin ita ce Accra.
Fish Markham
Lawrence Anderson " Kifi " Markham (12 Satumbar 1924 - 5 Agustan 2000), ɗan wasan kurket ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya taka leda a gwaji ɗaya a shekarar 1949.
Ya buga wasan kurket na aji na farko don Natal daga shekarar 1946 zuwa ta 1950. Mafi kyawun alkalummansa shi ne 7 don 106 akan Lardin Yamma a gasar cin kofin Currie na 1947–1948. Makinsa mafi girma shi ne 134, inda ya yi nasara a lamba tara a kan Orange Free State bayan 'yan makonni, lokacin da ya je wicket a 166 don 7 kuma ya kara 174 don wicket na takwas tare da Ossie Dawson ; sannan ya ɗauki wikiti uku a kowane innings don baiwa Natal nasara.
Shi kaɗai ne dan wasan kurket na Gwaji da aka haifa a Swaziland.
Manazarta
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Efiewura
Efiewura kuma ya rubuta Ofiwura, Ofiewura (ma'ana "Mai gida" ko "mai sarauta/maigidan gida" a cikin Twi) sanannen gidan talabijin na Ghana ne wanda ke fitowa a TV3 Ghana, cikin yaren Akan. Jerin ya mayar da hankali kan yadda masu gida ke kula da masu haya da kuma alaƙar da ke tsakanin mai haya. An fara shi a cikin 2001, kuma har yanzu yana kan samarwa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama wasan tsere mafi tsayi a ƙasar. Ta ci lambobin yabo na gidan talabijin da dama.
'Yan wasa
Membobin simintin wasan kwaikwayon na dogon lokaci sun haɗa da:
Nkomode
Yaw Donkor (ya mutu a shekara ta 2016), wanda aka fi sani da Nkomode, ɗan wasan barkwanci ne ɗan ƙasar Ghana wanda ya fito a cikin wani shirin TV da ake kira Concert Party, wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu.
Appeal Isimirie
Appeal Isimirie ta kasan ce wata 'yar wasan wasan Taekwondo' yar Najeriya ce da ke fafatawa a manyan rukunin mata. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a Gasar Taekwondo ta Afirka ta 2003 a –59 kilogiram na.
Aikin wasanni
A gasar cin kofin Taekwondo na Afirka na 2003 da aka gudanar a Abuja, Nigeria. Appeal Isimirie ya yi gasa kuma ya lashe lambar azurfa a cikin 59 kg taron.
Anwain
Yankin Anwain ko Anwain yanki ne a cikin Najeriya da kuma mutanen da ke zaune a ciki. Kabilar Anwain tana ɗayan dangi goma sha uku a cikin ƙasar Etsako. Yankin yankin Anwain yana cikin kudu na Etsako West, karamar hukumar Edo State. Shi ne na takwas a cikin unguwanni goma sha biyu na ƙaramar hukumar Etsako. A tsakanin Etsako ta Yamma, Anwain ya hada iyaka da Ayuele, Kudu Uneme, Kudu Ibie, Ekperi, da Jagbe Clans. Hakanan kuma yana da iyakoki tare da dangin Uzea da Afuda a cikin ƙananan hukumomin Esan-North-East da Esan North Central bi da bi.
Al'adu
Manyan addinai sune Kiristanci, addinan gargajiya, da Musulunci. Mutanen Anwain suna magana da yaren Esan (Ishan), tare da yaren da harshen Etsako ya yi tasiri a kansa.
Mutanen Anwain suna yin raye-rayen gargajiya da yawa. Su ne kawai dangin da ke yin rawar Egbabonalimhiin. Mafarauta sun ƙirƙira Egbabonalimhiin a kusan 1400 CE; ana yin sa ne ta hanyar mazan kirki. Sauran raye-rayen gargajiya sun hayda da: Ilegheze, wanda masu rike da kambun AKHOBA na Eware suka yi a lokacin bikin Ukpe; IKOIGO, wanda mata keyi yayin shagulgula na musamman kamar su binne mata masu riƙe kambun aure ko aure; Abayion (Asono); da Agbe.
Yawancin mutanen Anwain manoma ne waɗanda ke gudanar da shukar shukura. Kayan gona na yau da kullun sun hada da yam, rogo, shinkafa, masara, gyada, cashew, wake, barkono, tumatir, da plantain. Shinkafar da ake tallatawa a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Ekpoma ana samar da ita a yankin Anwain. Bamboo yana tsiro da daji a wannan yankin kuma wani lokacin ana girbe shi don siyarwa ta kasuwanci. Akwai wasu ƙananan kasuwancin da ke siyar da kayan gida ga jama'ar yankin. Kasuwancin aikin gona da na kasuwanci duk an takura su matuka saboda mummunan yanayin titunan cikin gida.
Hudubar Bankwana
Hudubar Bankwana (Larabci: خطبة الوداع, Khuɗbatu l-Widāʿ) wanda kuma aka sani da Wa'azin Annabi Muhammadu (S) na ƙarshe ko Wa'azin ƙarshe, jawabi ne na addini, wanda annabin musulunci Annabi Muhammad ya gabatar a ranar Juma'a 9 ga watan Zul Hijjah, 10 AH (6 AH) Maris 632 ) a kwarin Uranah na Dutsen Arafat, yayin aikin hajjin Musulunci na ƙarshe. Muhammad al-Bukhari ya nakalto wani sashi a cikin Sahihul Bukhari.  Wani bangare kuma yana cikin Sahihu Muslim da Sunan Abu Dawood. hadisi na 5:3,
An buga juzu'i iri -iri na wa'azin, gami da fassarorin Ingilishi da yawa. Wa'azin ya ƙunshi jerin nasihohi na musamman ga Musulmai da su bi koyarwar da Muhammadu ya gabatar a cikin Alƙur'ani da sunna.
Anwain
Kayan more rayuwa
Dangin yana da makarantar sakandare ɗaya kawai. Ungiyar tana kusan gudanar da makarantar tare da haɗin gwiwar malamai masu taimako, da kuma samar da kayan koyarwa daga littattafan karatu zuwa alli. Kowane ɗayan ƙauyukan yana da aƙalla malamai huɗu.
Hudubar Bankwana
Ruwayoyi a cikin adabin hadisi
A cikin wani hadisi mai tsawo wanda aka haɗa cikin Sahihu Muslim, Sunan Abi Dawood, da Sunan Ibn Majah, Jabir ibn Abd Allah ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da aikin hajji na Muhammad kuma ya ruwaito waɗannan kalmomin wa'azinsa:
Hakanan Alfred Guillaume ya fassara hudubar a cikin Rayuwar Muhammadu: Fassarar Sḥrat Rasūl Allāh na Isḥāq (1955), wanda ya ( dogara akan aikin Ibn Hisham. Poonawala bai bambanta da Gu)illaume dangane da ma'ana ba, amma sanannun bambance-bambancen shine fassarar bi'l-ma'rūf a matsayin "tare da al'ada" da  'awān a matsayin "dabbobin gida," yayin da Guillaume ke fassara nassi a matsayin, "Idan sun ku guji waɗannan abubuwan suna da 'yancin cin abincinsu da suturar su da kyau. Ku yi wa mata umarni da kyau, domin su fursunoni ne tare da ku ba su da iko da kansu."
Anwain
Kayan more rayuwa
Akwai asibitin asibiti guda daya tare da ungozoma da mataimaki a dangin.
Ruwan samar da ruwa kawai a cikin dangi shine rafuka da wasu rijiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Kogin Olen ya ratsa yawancin ƙauyuka; saboda wannan, ana kiranta "kogin haɗin kai".
Saint Jude's Episcopal Church (Seal Harbor, Maine)
Cocin Episcopal na Saint Jude coci ce mai tarihi a 277 Peabody Drive ( Hanyar Jiha Maine 3 ) a Seal Harbor, Maine. An gina shi a cikin 1887-1889, wannan cocin mai salon Shingle shine mafi ƙarancin canji na rayuwa misali na gine-ginen majami'u a Maine wanda sanannen salon salon, William Ralph Emerson ya tsara. Ainihin ana amfani da shi azaman ɗakin sujada na rani, yana da alaƙa da aikin Episcopal na St. Mary's a Arewa maso Gabas Harbour. An jera ginin a cikin National Register of Historic Places a cikin 1986.
Bayani da tarihi
An saita St. Jude's akan wani yanki mai katako a gefen kudu na Peabody Drive (ME 3) a wani yanki na yamma da tsakiyar ƙauyen Seal Harbor, wanda ke gefen kudu na Dutsen Desert Island a tsakiyar bakin tekun Maine. Tsarin firam ɗin itace mai ƙanƙantaccen ɗaki ɗaya ne, tare da rufin gable mai tsauri da siginar itace. Ginin yana fuskantar gabas-yamma, tare da nave a ƙarshen gabas da ƙofar a gefen arewa kusa da ƙarshen yamma. Bangarorin suna da madaidaitan guraben gindi da tagogin murabba'i, tare da taga gira guda ɗaya a cikin rufin. Ƙarshen nave ɗin yana da babban taga ruku'u, kuma ƙarshen yamma yana da tagar gilashi mai ɓarna sassa uku da kuma allo na ado a cikin gable. Ƙofar ɗin tana da wani fili mai ɗaki tare da ɗan ƙaramin belfry wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi da wani zagayen rufin. Haɗe da babban ginin da ke ƙarshen yamma shine zauren guild, tsarin rufin hip-bene guda ɗaya wanda aka gina daga irin kayan. Ciki na cocin yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan, yana fallasa abubuwan gine-ginen ginin rufin da bango. Wuri Mai Tsarki yana da jeri biyu na benci masu motsi don zama.
William Ralph Emerson ne ya tsara cocin, sanannen mai goyon bayan salon Shingle wanda ya tsara gine-gine da yawa akan Dutsen Desert Island. Daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira, kaɗan ne kawai daga cikinsu majami'u ne, kuma wannan ita ce mafi ƙarancin canji na wannan rukunin. An kafa aikin Episcopal na St. Jude a cikin 1886, kuma an gina cocin a cikin 1887–89, masu arziki mazauna yankin na bazara. An ƙara zauren guild a cikin 1931. Ikilisiyar cocin ba ta wuce kusan 200 ba, kuma a ƙarshe an haɗa ta da St. Mary's a Arewa maso Gabas Harbour.
Omoowa Omoregie
Omoowa Omoregie ta kasan ce yarwasan wasan Taekwondo' yar Najeriya ce da ke fafatawa a manyan rukunin mata. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a Gasar Taekwondo ta Afirka ta 2009 a cikin –53 kilogiram na.
Aikin wasanni
Omoregie ya shiga cikin 53 kg a Gasar Taekwondo na Afirka na 2009 wanda aka gudanar a Yaoundé, yana zuwa na 3, ta sami lambar tagulla.
Remi Fani-Kayode
Cif Victor Babaremilekun Adetokunboh Fani-Kayode, QC, SAN, CON (1921–1995) ya kasance babban ɗan siyasar Nijeriya, mai kishin ƙasa, ɗan kishin ƙasa, ɗan ƙasa kuma lauya. An zaɓe shi a matsayin mataimakin firaminista na Yankin Yammacin Najeriya a shekarar 1963 kuma ya taka rawa a tarihin shari'ar Najeriya da siyasa daga karshen shekarar 1940 har zuwa shekara ta 1995.
Asalin iyali da rawar da suka taka a tarihin kasa
Fani-Kayode ya fito ne daga fitattun kuma yayan Ibo yan asalin kabilar Ife daga kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Kakansa, Rev. Emmanuel Adedapo Kayode, Firist ne na Anglican wanda ya sami digiri na biyu na Kwalejin Fasaha a Kwalejin Fourah Bay, wanda a wancan lokacin wani bangare ne na Jami'ar Durham. Wannan ya faru a cikin shekarar 1885. Mahaifinsa, Victor Adedapo Kayode, ya karanci aikin lauya kuma ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Selwyn, Cambridge a shekarar 1921, an kira shi zuwa Masallacin Tsakiya a shekarar 1922, sannan ya ci gaba da zama fitaccen lauya sannan kuma ya yi hukunci a Najeriya .Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Mrs. Aurora Kayode, née Fanimokun, wacce ta kasance ofa ga mai martaba Rev. Joseph Fanimokun, shi ma firist ne na darikar Anglican. Ya kuma sami digirinsa na biyu na kwalejin Fourah Bay College sannan daga baya ya ci gaba da zama Shugaban makarantar sanannen CMS Grammar School a Legas, yana aiki daga shekarar 1896 zuwa shekara 1914. Wannan makarantar mishan ce wacce Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther ya kafa.
A watan Yulin na shekarar 1958, ya yi nasarar gabatar da kudirin neman ‘yancin Nijeriya a Majalisar Tarayya da ke Legas. Ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a sami 'yanci a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1960 (mintuna na Hansard, shekarar 1958; Richard Sklar's "Jam'iyyun siyasar Najeriya: Powerarfi a cikin Nationasashen Afirka na gaggawa", World Press, p. 269; shafi na. 269; Fushin Farfesa Onabamiro na "Haskakawa a Tarihin Nijeriya", p. 140). A cikin shekarar 1959, an sake yin wani motsi wanda aka tura a Majalisar Dokokin Nijeriya suna neman a ɗan yi wa Fani-Kayode garambawul na watan Yulin, 1958. Wannan sabon kudirin, wanda Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ya gabatar, ya nemi a sanya ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1960 don samun ‘yanci, wanda tuni Majalisar ta karba kuma ta amince da shi kuma wanda hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Ingila suka amince da shi, ya kamata a sauya shi daga 2 ga watan Afrilu na waccan shekarar zuwa 1 ga watan Oktoba a maimakon haka. Wannan kudirin gyaran ne daga baya majalisar ta zartar kuma ta amince da shi kuma Turawan Ingila suka amince da shi, kuma ta haka ne aka kawo ranar samun 'yancin kan Najeriya, 1 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1960,
Ilimi da rayuwar sana'a
Ya kafa kamfanin lauya na farko dan asalin Najeriya a cikin 1948 tare da Cif Frederick Rotimi Williams da Cif Bode Thomas, lauyoyi biyu da aka horar a Cambridge da Jami'ar London, bi da bi. Ana kiran kamfanin lauyoyin da suka kafa "Thomas, Williams da Kayode". A shekarar 1970, ya kafa wani kamfanin lauyoyi da ake kira "Fani-Kayode da Sowemimo" tare da tsohon abokinsa, Cif Sobo Sowemimo SAN,
Harkar siyasa
Cif Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwagwarmayar Samun Independancin Nijeriya. A cikin shekarar 1952 shi, tare da Rotimi Williams, Bode Thomas da wasu mutane, hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun tsare su saboda rawar da suka taka da kuma rawar da ya taka a gwagwarmaya da Turawan Ingila. An zabe shi shugaban kungiyar matasa ta Action Group a shekarar 1954. Ya kafa reshen matasa ga jam'iyyar wadanda ke sanye da "bakar riga" kuma ya yi amfani da "sauro" a matsayin alamarsu don nuna kyamar mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya.
A shekarar 1959, Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya yi murabus daga kungiyar Action Group ya kuma shiga Majalisar kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru, jam’iyyar adawa. A shekarar 1960, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban NCNC a Majalisar Yammaci. A shekarar 1963, an zabe shi Mataimakin Firayim Minista na tsohon Yankin Yammacin Najeriya a karkashin Cif Samuel Akintola a karkashin inuwar Jam’iyyar National Democratic Party ta Najeriya. An kuma nada shi Ministan Harkokin Kananan Hukumomi na Yankin Yamma a wannan shekarar.
Waaken Santanbul
Waaken Santanbul (Wáákén Sàntànbûl) (Cajanus cajan)
Remi Fani-Kayode
Harkar siyasa
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1966, Manjo Kaduna Nzeogwu, wani hafsan Sojan Najeriya na cire Ibo, ya yi yunƙurin aiwatar da juyin mulkin soja na farko a tarihin Nijeriya. Yunkurin, duk da cewa daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, ya haifar da zubar da jini da yawa kuma an kashe manya-manyan membobin jam'iyyar da ke mulki, sojoji da gwamnatin wannan lokacin ta hanyar kisan gilla. Da sanyin safiyar yau ne masu juyin mulkin, karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Emmanuel Nwobosi, suka kai hari tare da mamaye gidan Chief Remi Fani-Kayode, Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Yankin Yamma. Fani-Kayode ya gallaza wa Fani-Kayode a gaban danginsa gaba daya kuma a gaban dansa, Femi Fani-Kayode, wanda zai zama Ministan Sufurin Jiragen Sama na Najeriya shekaru 40 bayan haka. Daga nan sai suka tura shi zuwa wani wurin da ba a sani ba. Bayan barin gidan Fani-Kayode masu sauya sheka, tare da Fani-Kayode a hannunsu, sun tafi gidan Ibadan na Cif SL Akintola, wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Yammacin Yankin. Sun shiga gidansa kuma suka kashe shi a gaban danginsa duka. Sun kuma raunata jikan nasa da surukarsa.
Bustantigo
Bustantigo ya kasan ce wani yanki ne na (Ikklisiya) a cikin gundumar Allande da ke cikin lardin da kuma yankin masu zaman kansu na Asturias, a arewacin Spain. Babban birnin kasar, Pola de Allande, yana da 23 km tafi
Remi Fani-Kayode
Harkar siyasa
Cif Fani-Kayode ya ga yadda 'yan sara suka suka kashe abokinsa SL Akintola, kuma daga can aka dauke shi zuwa canton soja da ke Legas inda shi ma aka shirya za su kashe shi. Koyaya, sa'a gareshi, lokacin da ya isa canton sojoji na Ikeja a Lagas, sojojin masu biyayya karkashin ikon Laftanar Kanal sun sami ƙarfi, suka mamaye su. Yakubu Gowon (wanda daga baya ya zama Shugaban Kasar). Fani-Kayode ya sami 'yanci daga masu biyayya kuma sun ajiye shi a cikin gida mai aminci har sai an dawo da doka da oda a kasar. Dakarun da ke da aminci sun dakatar da yunƙurin juyin mulkin kuma an kashe duk shugabanninsa ko an kama su kuma an tsare su. Daga cikin manyan jami'an gwamnati da manyan hafsoshin soja da aka kai wa hari a gidajensu kuma wadanda masu tayar da kayar baya da masu yunkurin juyin mulki suka kama a wannan daren, ciki har da Sir Ahmadu Bello (Firayim Ministan yankin Arewa), Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (Firayim Ministan Ministan), Cif Okotie-Eboh (Ministan Kudi), Janar Maimalari (Babban hafsan sojan kasa), Birgediya Ademulegun (Kwamandan Garrison na Arewa) da sauransu da yawa, Cif Remi Fani-Kayode, tare da Sir Kashim Ibrahim ( Gwamnan yankin Arewa) su kadai ne ba a kashe ba.
Bustantigo
Yayinda tsadar Ikklesiya ta kasance 720 m sama da matakin teku, mafi girman matsayi shine Panchón Peak a 1411 m, kuma mafi ƙanƙanci shine Kogin Navia a 110 m Yana da 15.14 km2   a cikin girman Yawan jama'a 19 ( INE 2011). Lambar akwatin gidan waya ita ce 33888.
Remi Fani-Kayode
Harkar siyasa
Sakamakon haka, Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ya karbi mulki daga ragowar gwamnatin Tafawa Balewa a ranar 16 ga watan Janairu, washegari bayan nasarar da aka samu na dakile tawayen Manjo Nzeogwu da kuma yunkurin juyin mulki. Sannan ya hau kujerar Shugaban kasa na Tarayyar Najeriya kuma Babban Kwamandan askarawan Najeriya. Koyaya, bayan 'yan watanni shi da kansa aka hambarar da shi a wani juyin mulkin arewa mai nasara wanda aka aiwatar a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1966, wanda kuma Laftanar Kanal ya jagoranta. Murtala Mohammed da Laftana Kanar Yakubu Gowon (kamar yadda suke a da). A lokacin juyin mulkin, an kame Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi a cikin garin Ibadan, tare da mai masaukinsa Janar Adekunle Fajuyi, da wasu sojojin arewa karkashin jagorancin Manjo Theophilus Danjuma (kamar yadda yake a da). Daga nan aka sa duka mutanen biyu aka tafi da su zuwa wani gefen gefen daji inda aka cire su duka biyu aka harbe su. Irin wannan mummunan halin ne na juyin mulkin “ramuwar gayya” na arewa da aka yi a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1966, wanda aka kashe ƙasa da hafsoshin sojojin Ibo 300 da ba-kwamishina. Wannan ya faru ne saboda cewa, a cikin wasu korafe-korafen, jami'an na arewa suna da ra'ayin cewa Janar Aguiyi-Ironsi ya yi sassauci da Manjo Nzeogwu da sauran abokan aikin sa bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin Ibo na 15 da yawancin arewa ( Hausa - Fulani ) da shugabannin siyasa na yamma (Yarabawa) da manyan hafsoshin soja an yi musu kisan gilla.
Zargin da jami'an 'yan arewa suka yi na cewa akwai wani irin hadin baki da fahimtar juna tsakanin kungiyar Nzeogwu da Janar Aguiyi-Ironsi wanda ya kara ruruta wutar ganin cewa shi kansa Aguiyi-Ironsi dan kabilar Ibo ne. Shekaru 40 bayan kisan nasa, dan Aguiyi-Ironsi, Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi, ya zama Ministan Tsaron Najeriya kuma ya karbi wannan matsayin daga hannun Janar Theophilus Danjuma, mutumin da ya kashe mahaifinsa shekaru 40 da suka gabata. Mutane da yawa sun faɗi cewa ɓarnar ɓarnatar da hafsa hafsoshin arewa ya yi a watan Yulin shekara ta 1966, wanda ya ga kisan Janar Aguiyi-Ironsi da sauran manyan hafsoshi da yawa daga hakar Ibo wanda kuma daga baya ya haifar da yakin basasar Najeriya da kanta, an dasa shi a kan wannan ƙaddarar daren 15 ga Janairu ta zubar da jinin Manjo Nzeogwu da mutanensa, wadanda akasarinsu 'yan Ibo ne.
Bayan juyin mulki na farko da aka taba yunkurin yi a Najeriya a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1966, Remilekun Fani-Kayode da wasu manyan mutane da dama duk gwamnatin soja ta Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ta tsare. Daga baya aka sake su a watan Yulin shekarar 1966, bayan tayar da kayar baya ta arewa, karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Kanar. Murtala Muhammed da Manjo Theophilus Danjuma. Bayan Laftanar Col. Yakubu Gowon ya zama Shugaban Kasar, Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya bar Najeriya tare da danginsa gaba daya ya koma garin Brighton da ke gabar teku a kudu maso gabashin Ingila. Sun zauna a gida suka zauna can gudun hijira shekaru da yawa. A shekarar 1978, yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka assasa kuma suka assasa National Party of Nigeria. A shekarar 1979, an zabe shi a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jam’iyyar na kasa kuma saboda irin gudummawar da yake bayarwa ga ci gaban kasa, Shugaba Shehu Shagari ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Kwamandan Umarnin Nijar.
Ashland Harbor Breakwater Light
Hasken Harbour Breakwater, wanda kuma aka sani da Ashland Breakwater Lighthouse, fitilu ne masu aiki da ke kusa da Ashland a gundumar Ashland, Wisconsin, Amurka. Ana zaune a cikin Chequamegon Bay na Lake Superior, Ma'aikatar Parking ta ƙasa ce ta mallaka kuma ke sarrafa ta, kuma wani yanki ne na Tef ɗin Tekun Kasa na Manzo. Yana zaune a ƙarshen ruwa mai tsayi da keɓe, wanda ke haifar da tashar jiragen ruwa na wucin gadi.
Wuraren mai gadin hasken wuta da gidan jirgin ruwa, wanda aka gina a cikin 1916, suna kusan 2 mi daga wuta. Akwai ƙarin wuraren zama akan labarun na biyu da na uku na gidan hasumiya.
Buyaso
Yana da 16.07 km2  a cikin girman Yawan su 136.
Harshen Kuteb
Kuteb (wanda aka fi sani da Kutep ko Ati ) yare ne a Najeriya, kabilar Kuteb na zaune ne a yankin kudancin jihar Taraba, sannan mutane sama da dubu na amfani da harshen yankin iyakar Kamaru. A Nijeriya, kuma galibi anfi magana da yaren Ƙaramar Hukumar Takum dake Jihar Taraba.
Karin Harshe
Kuteb na da sautukan baƙi 27, wasula 12, da sautuka biyar.
Wasula
A cikin Kuteb, akwai nau'ikan wasula biyu, na baka, da na hanci. A sautin magana, kowane saiti yana da wasula daban-daban guda shida. Gabaɗaya, akwai sauti iri daban-daban guda 12. Matsayin ɨ kasancewar sautin magana a Kuteb bai tabbata ba. Wannan sautin yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin rubabbun sirafi, wasu sunaye prefixes, da kuma rage magana ta inda akwai tsaka tsaki u da i.
Tsarin Sauti
Kuteb yana da sauti iri daban-daban 27. Ana samun shigarwar da aka buga da rubutu a cikin kalmomin rance gama gari, ko, a cikin yanayin / v / da / z /, bambancin rarrabuwa. Kamar yawancin harsunan Jukunoid, Kuteb ya ba da baƙin baƙin. A cikin binciken daya, waɗannan ba a haɗa su azaman gyare-gyare kan tushe-phoneme ba, amma a matsayin nasu sautin daban.
Sautuna
A cikin Kuteb, akwai sautuna daban-daban guda huɗu ko biyar, dangane da yadda aka ƙidaya su. Sautunan da yawancin karatu ke karɓa sune ƙananan (marasa alama), tsakiyar (¯), babba (´), da sautunan (ˆ).
Muhawara
A cewar Roger Blench, akwai sautuna daban-daban guda biyar a cikin Kuteb, waɗannan sune: ƙananan (marasa alama), tsakiyar (¯), babba (´), fadowa (ˆ), da tashin (ˇ). Sauti na biyar, (mai tasowa) an ƙirƙire shi ne kawai ta hanyar canje-canjen sandhi waɗanda ke shafar wasu ƙamus bayan “tsani”. Dangane da WE Welmers, wannan canjin sandhi ba ya faruwa, kuma idan ya faru, kawai furucin zai canza, ba ma rubutaccen bugun rubutu ba kuma.
Iyakokin Syllabic
A Kutep, kamar a sauran Harsunan Jukunoidid
Sandhi ya canza
Harafin ⟨w⟩ a cikin yaren Kuteb yana riƙe da matsayinta na kusan labio-velar, kamar yadda yake a uwé 'face' ko kuma a wōm 'bushe' - kodayake, lokacin da aka haɗa ⟨w⟩ a cikin gungu tare da baƙon faranti (/ c, j, sh, nj /) / w /, saboda canje-canjen sandhi, ya zama ana sakin murya ko sakin magana.
Rarraba baƙin
A cikin Kuteb, akwai gungu da yawa na baƙaƙe waɗanda zasu iya wanzu, kodayake, mafi yawan waɗannan suna faruwa tsakanin iyakokin kalmomi, kodayake, wasu daga waɗannan suna faruwa ne a cikin keɓewar sigari guda ɗaya - waɗannan jerin kalmomin suna ƙasa. A ka'idar duk da haka, duk wani haɗuwa da baƙi-na ƙarshe (duba ƙasa) sannan kowane harafin harafi zai biyo baya. Zai yiwu, duk da haka, ragin zai iya faruwa, kamar yadda a cikin kalmar ushitong 'mai motsa-miya' (daga shir da utoŋ ) inda aka jefa / r / a ciki. Har ila yau, lokacin da finalnn⟩ na ƙarshe mai tushe zai kasance mai tushe farawa da ⟨n⟩, ⟨nn⟩ + doublen⟩ ninki biyu ya ragu zuwa kawai justn⟩. Ana iya nuna wannan tasirin a cikin kalmomi kamar munae (munn-náe) 'su kasance masu yalwa', kuma a munji (munn-nji) 'manta'.
A cikin matsayin CV, ana amfani da baƙin baƙi masu zuwa:
Duk da yake a cikin C (C) VC matsayi na ƙarshe, ana amfani da waɗannan a maimakon:
Kuma ana amfani da waɗannan masu zuwa a gungu CC:
Ƙungiyoyin baƙi
A cikin 1964, Peter Ladefoged ya yi rikodin sautuka a harsunan Yammacin Afirka da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yarukan shine Kuteb, kuma waɗannan abubuwan bincikensa ne:
Valencia
Valencia (lafazi: /valenesiya/) birni ce, da ke a yankin Al'ummar Valencia, a ƙasar Hispania. Ita ce babban birnin yankin Al'ummar Valencia. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2015, jimilar mutane 1,564,145 (miliyan ɗaya da dubu dari biyar da sittin da huɗu da dari ɗaya da arba'in da biyar). An gina birnin Valencia a karni na biyu kafin haifuwan annabi Issa.
Santanbul
Santanbul
Betty Halbreich
Betty S. Halbreich(IPA-all ; an haife shi a watan Nuwamba 17,1927,née Stoll)yar kasuwa ce ta Amurka,mai salo,kuma marubuciya sananne don aikinta a kantin kayan alatu na New York Bergdorf Goodman,inda take aiki a matsayin Darakta na Magani.Ta 2015 memoir,mai suna Zan sha zuwa Wannan:A Life in Style,with a Twist,An featured on The New York Times Best Seller list.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Halbreich ya girma ne a unguwar Yahudawa masu wadata a Kudancin Kudancin Chicago. Mahaifinta,Harry Stoll,ɗan kasuwa ne wanda ke kula da shaguna kuma mahaifiyarta,Carol,tana da kantin sayar da littattafai. Iyalinta Yahudawa ne Bajamushe waɗanda kuma suka yi bikin Kirsimeti .Iyayenta sun yi aiki da bayi da yawa a gidansu na Chicago,ciki har da masu dafa abinci na Turawa da kuma yar aikin jinya. Da farko ta so ta zama mai zane-zane ko zane-zane,kuma ta yi rajista a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago.
Yayin hutu tare da mahaifiyarta a bakin tekun Miami,ta sadu da dan kasuwa na New York Sonny Halbreich,ɗan wani mawallafin otal mai arziki wanda ya mallaki Uwana Wash Frocks,wani kamfani na kayan gida da kayan wanka.A 1947 sun yi aure kuma ta koma Manhattan. Halbreich ya yi rayuwar ɗan zamantakewar Manhattan. Ita da mijinta suna da 'ya'ya biyu,Kathy Halbreich da John Halbreich. Bayan aurenta ya lalace shekaru ashirin bayan haka saboda shaye-shayen mijinta da rashin imani, Halbreich ya sami rauni a cikin damuwa.Ta yi yunƙurin kashe kanta kuma an shigar da ita makarantar tabin hankali. Ita da mijinta ba su rabu ba,amma sun kasance a rabu har mutuwarsa.
Ndegwu
Ndegwu al'umma ce a ƙaramar hukumar Owerri ta yamma a jihar Imo. Al’ummar ta rabu gida biyar waɗanda suka haɗa da; Umuekerekpu, Umuahum, Umuezu, Umuomara da Umuogwuta. Kowannen kauye yana da ‘yan uwa akalla takwas. Garin Gabas ya yi iyaka da Ndegwu, yamma da Okwukwu, arewa da Amakohia ubi sai kudu da Irete.
Betty Halbreich
Tarihin Rayuwa
Bayan ta murmure,ta fara neman aikin yi, kuma ta yi aiki a jerin dakunan nunin zane-zane a kan titin Seventh kuma daga baya don Chester Weinberger da Geoffrey Beene kafin a dauke ta aiki a Bergdorf Goodman a 1976 a matsayin abokin ciniki. A kan shawararta,kantin sayar da kantin ya ƙirƙira ofishin sayayya na sirri don Halbreich.Abokin ciniki na farko shine Babe Paley mai zaman jama'a.A cikin iyawarta a matsayin darektan mafita a Bergdorf's,Halbreich ya yi hidima ga abokan ciniki masu shahararrun ciki har da Hollywood mutane, zamantakewa,da 'yan siyasa ciki har da Al Gore,Liza Minnelli,da Meryl Streep.Ta taimaka a cikin salo na wasan kwaikwayo na Jima'i da City da Gossip Girl,gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare don nuna wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway,ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga fina-finai na Woody Allen,tare da masu zane-zane Santo Loquasto da Jeffrey Kurland,kuma ya yi aiki tare da William Ivey Long.,Ann Roth,da Jane Greenwood.
A cikin 1997 ta rubuta bayanin sirrin mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali. 2015.A cikin 2015 ta buga tarihinta na biyu, mai suna Zan sha zuwa Wannan:Rayuwa a Salon,tare da Twist.
Ndegwu
Addini da Alƙaluma
Mutanen garin galibinsu Kiristoci ne da mafi yawan su Anglican ne ko Katolika tare da ƴan kiristocin Pentikostal da arna. Mutanen Ndegwu mutane ne masu aiki tuƙuru kuma masu sauƙin zuciya waɗanda suke daraja ilimi. Mutanen dai galibi manoma ne da ’yan kasuwa da ke samun abin dogaro da kai ta wannan hanyar. Ndegwu yana da yanayi mai dacewa wanda ke maraba da masu zuba jari da mutane daga sassan duniya. Akwai makarantun gwamnati guda uku da wasu makarantu masu zaman kansu da ke ba da ilimin matakin farko-(basic) ga al’umma. Haka kuma kasar tana da albarkar ciyayi da ma'adanai musamman danyen mai da aka gano kwanan nan. Wurin yana da albarkar al'adu kuma yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaba janar a matsayin shugaban al'umma. Jihar Imo jiha ce da ke da rinjayen Igbo, inda al'ummar Igbo ke da kashi 98%.
Kimiyya
Kimiyya wani ilimi ne dake dauka da nazartar abubuwan, ɗabi'a da suke kewaye da Dan Adam. Ilimin ya dogara kan wasu matakan gano haƙiƙar abubuwa, ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da ake kira da "experiment" a turance. Masana kimiyya na lura da yadda ɗabi'a ke tafiya a sararin duniya ta hanyar lura, ɗanɗano, ji, gani ko shinshina. Ɗakin da ake gwaje-gwajen kimiyya shi ake kira da "laboratory" a turance. Kimiyya ta rabu gida daban-daban amma tushen sa ya haɗa da kuma ilimin rayuwa da ake kira da Biology, ilimin Fiziks da kuma ilimin Kemistiri. Akwai ilimai da yawa da suka fita daga ƙarƙashin Kimiyya kamar na sararin subhna da ake kira da "Cosmology", na taurari da kume ake kira da "Astronomy", da kuma na ƙana nun abubuwa da ake kira da "Quantum Mechanics", da dai sauran su. Akwai kuma wasu iliman da suke dan ganta kansu da kimiyya saboda suna kwatanta yadda kimiyyar ke aiki a tsarin binciken su. Irin waɗannan ilimai sun haɗu a ɓangaren da ake kira Kimiyyar Jama'a (Social Science) kamar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki (wadda take daban a ayyukkan tattalin arziki), Kimiyyar siyasa (Political Science) da kuma ilimin halayyar jama'a (Sociology). Waɗannan ilimai ana kiran su da Kimiyya ne, saboda suna ƙoƙarin nazartar rayuwar ɗan Adam ko jama'a, kuma su fitar da nazura da su ke ƙoƙarin sharhi na musamman kan dalilin da ya kuma sanya wani abu ke faruwa a cikin jama'a.
Betty Halbreich
Tarihin Rayuwa
A cikin 2013 an nuna ta a cikin shirin shirin Scatter My Ashes a Bergdorf's.
Kimiyya
Fanni ne na ilimi mai kula da abubuwa kamar ruwa, iska, daskararren abu, da dai sauran su. Kimiya na sarrafa waɗannan abubuwan dan ƙera wadan su. Duk abubuwan da muke amfani da su, kamar lantarki, roba, mai, takalmi, Mota, keke, jirgi duk ana sarrafasu ne daga kimiya. Wato kimiyya fanni ne na sani, wanda ya shafi garwaye-garwaye na abubuwa ingantattu. Kalmar “Kimiyya” asalin ta kalmar Larabci ce – daga “Al-Keemiyya” - kuma tana da ma’anoni guda biyu, inji Mu’ujamul Waseet, watau ɗaya daga cikin ƙamus din Larabci na zamani. Ƙamus ɗin yace: “Malaman da, ko magabata, suna amfani da wannan kalma ne don nufin canza nau’in ma’adanai daga wani nau’in zuwa wani.” Idan kuma suka ce “Ilimin Kimiyya”, suna nufin “...ilimin sanin yadda ake zagwanyar da sinadaran ƙarƙashin ƙasa ne, don samar da wani nau’in daban (musamman don mayar da su zinare).” to Amma a wajen Malaman Zamani, a Larabce idan aka ce “Kimiyya”, in ji wannan ƙamus, yana nufin: “...ilimin binciken wani fanni (musamman na ƙarƙashin ƙasa) mai ɗauke da dokoki (ko ƙa’idojin) da ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar tsarin sa.” (Mu’ujamul Waseet, shafi na 844).
Betty Halbreich
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ta na zaune a wani gida a kan Park Avenue.
Kimiyya
Wannan kalma ta Kimiyya ita ce Hausawa suka aro ta, kuma suke fassara ma’anar da “Science” da ita, kamar yadda Neil Skinner ya tabbatar a cikin ƙamus na Turanci da Hausa, shafi na 156, inda ya kawo kalmar Science, yace: “ilimi irin na zamani (kamar su Kimiyya).” Wannan ke nuna cewa kalmar “Kimiyya” da Hausawa ke nufi, shine ma’anar da kalmar turanci ta Science ke badawa, ba wacce ma’anar kalmar Larabci ke bayarwa ba. Wannan kenan.
A ɗaya bangaren kuma, kalmar “Fasaha”, ita ma daga Larabci muka aro ta – asalinta shine: “Al-fasaahatu”, wadda ke nufin “bayyanawa ko kuɓutar harshe ko lafuzza daga sarƙaƙiyar zance ko rubutu, mai haddasa wahalar fahimta”, inji Mu’ujamul Waseet, a shafi na 723. A hausance idan aka ce “fasaha”, (dangane da wannan ma’ana da ƙamus ɗin ya bayar), ana nufin “bayyanannen abu, wanda babu sarƙaƙiya a ciki ko wahalar fahimta a tare da shi”.
A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, ƙamus ɗin yaci gaba: “Faseehi shine mutum mai kyautata zance, mai bambance kyakkyawa daga mummuna wajen zance.” A nashi ɓangaren, Al Imam Ibnul Atheer ma haka ya tabbatar a littafinsa mai suna An-Nihaayah fee Gareebil Hadeeth wal Athar, mujalladi na 3, shafi na 403. Ga abinda yace kan kalmar “Faseehi”, siffar mai “Fasaha”: “...(mutum) mai sakakkiyar harshe wajen zance, wanda ya san kyakkyawa daga mummuna.” Dukkan waɗannan ma’anoni a Larabce kenan. Amma a harshen Hausa, kamar yadda ma’anar kalmar “’Kimiyya” a Larabce ta sha bamban da ma’anarta a Hausa, to haka ma ma’anar kalmar “Fasaha” ta sha bamban da ma’anarta na Larabci.
Kafar azãba
A kafar azãba ko wani jiki azãba ne azãba wadda aka nufi da sa jiki zafi ga mutum. Lokacin da aka yi wa yara ƙanana, musamman a cikin gida da hukuncin makaranta, hanyoyinta na iya haɗawa da dirka ko fallaji. Lokacin da aka sa wa manya, ana iya yi wa fursunoni da bayi.
Hukuncin jiki na laifi ko rauni, gami da bulala, alama, har ma da yanke jiki, ana yin su a yawancin wayewa tun zamanin da. Tare da haɓakar ƙa'idodin agaji tun bayan Haskakawa, ana ɗaukar irin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen azaman rashin mutuntaka a cikin al'ummomin da ke Hatsari. A ƙarshen karni na 20, an kawar da hukuncin cutar jiki daga tsarin doka na yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa.
A karni na ashirin da daya, halatta hukuncin kamuwa a lokacin baya karuwan cututtuka a wurare daban-daban ta banbanta da iko. Bangaren kasa da kasa, a karshen karni na ashirin da farkon karni na ashirin da daya ya ga yadda ake amfani da dokar kare hakkin dan adam game da batun azabtar da kai a wasu fannoni:
A yawancin kasashen Yammacin duniya, kungiyoyin likitoci da na kare hakkin dan'adam suna adawa da horon yara kanana. Kamfen da kofur azãba sun nufin kawo karshen abun game da shari'a da sake fasalin domin ba da amfani da kofur azãba da mutane a cikin gidajensu da kuma makarantu.
Tarihi
Marubuci Jared Diamond ya rubuta cewa al'ummomin mafarauta suna son yin amfani da ƙananan hukunci yayin da al'ummomin masu noma da masana'antu ke amfani da shi a gaba. Diamond yana ba da shawarar wannan na iya zama saboda masu karɓar mafarauta ba su da wadatattun abubuwan mallaka na zahiri, kuma rashin mutuncin yaro ba zai haifar da cutarwa ga dukiyar wasu ba.
Wilson ya rubuta:
A cikin Yammacin duniya, a al'adance manya ke amfani da horon yara ga yara kananq. Bugun ɗa a matsayin nau'i na horo har ma an ba da shawarar a littafin Misalai :
Robert McCole Wilson ya yi jayayya da cewa, "Mai yiwuwa wannan halayyar ta zo ne, aƙalla a wani ɓangare, daga sha'awar da ake da ita a cikin al'adun magabata don wasu dattijan na ci gaba da ikonsa, inda wannan ikon shi ne babban wakili na zaman lafiyar jama'a. Amma waɗannan kalmomin ne waɗanda ba kawai suka ba da hujjar amfani da azabar jiki a kan yara sama da shekaru dubu a cikin al'ummomin Kirista ba, amma sun ba da umarnin a yi amfani da shi. An karɓi kalmomin tare da wasu kaɗan; kawai a cikin shekaru ɗari biyu da suka gabata an sami ƙaruwar mahangar ra'ayi da suka bambanta. Abin mamakin, sau da yawa ba a kula da sassaucij Kiristi ga yara (Mark, X) ". [10] An yi amfani da azabtar da kai a cikin Misira, China, Girka, da Rome don kiyaye ƙa'idodin shari'a da ilimi. [11] tasa keyar masu laifi na Masar da suka lalace zuwa Tjaru da Rhinocorura a kan iyakar Sinai, yankin da sunansa ke nufin " yanke hanci ." An ba da umarnin azabtar da kai a Isra'ila ta d, a, amma an iyakance shi da bulala 40. A cikin China, wasu masu laifi suma sun lalace amma wasu masu laifi sun yi zaune. Wasu jihohin sunyi suna saboda zalunci da amfani da irin wannan hukuncin; Sparta, musamman, tayi amfani dasu azaman ɓangare na tsarin ladabtarwa wanda aka tsara don haɓaka ƙarfi da ƙarfin jiki. [13] Duk da cewa misalin Spartan ya wuce gona da iri, hukuncin mai yiwuwa ya fi kowane irin hukunci. A cikin Daular Roma, iyakar hukuncin da dan Roma zai iya samu a karkashin doka shi ne "bulala" 40 ko "bulala" 40 tare da bulala wanda aka shafe a baya da kafaɗu, ko bulala 40 ko bulala tare da " azumin " ( kwatankwacin sandar birch, amma ya kunshi tsawon 8-10 na Willow maimakon birch) wanda aka yi amfani da shi ga gindi. Irin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen na iya jawo jini, kuma ana yin su akai-akai a gaban jama'a.
Quintilian (c. 35 - c. 100) ya nuna adawa ga yin amfani da hukuncin azaba. A cewar Wilson, "mai yiwuwa ba a sami karin bayani game da shi ba a cikin shekaru dubu biyu masu zuwa". [13]
Plutarch, shima a cikin ƙarni na farko, ya rubuta:
Tsakiyar Zamani
A Tsakiyar Turai, Daular Byzantine ta makantar kuma ta ƙaryata wasu masu laifi da sarakunan da ke hamayya da ita. Imaninsu cewa sarki ya zama mai cikakkiyar fata yana nufin cewa irin wannan ɓatancin ba da ra'ayin shi ya hana mai karɓar daga ofis ba. (Mulki na biyu na Justinian the Slit-nosed shine sananne sananne. ) A wani wurin kuma, halayen cocin Katolika sun karfafa gwiwar mutum saboda azaba ta jiki, nuna flagel wata hanya ce ta horar da kai. Wannan yana da tasiri akan amfani da azabar jiki a cikin makarantu, saboda cibiyoyin ilimi suna da alaƙa da cocin sosai a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, ba a yi amfani da azabtarwa ta jiki ba; tun farkon karni na goma sha ɗaya Saint Anselm, Archbishop na Canterbury yana magana game da abin da yake gani a matsayin wuce gona da iri na azabtar da jiki a kula da yara.
Zamani
Daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa gaba, ana ganin sabbin abubuwa a cikin azabar al'aura. Hukuncin shari'a ya ƙara zama jujjuyawar jama'a, tare da d beatkan jama'a da masu laifi da nufin hana wasu masu laifi. A halin da ake ciki, marubutan farko a kan ilimi, irin su Roger Ascham, sun koka da yadda ake azabtar da yara ba da son rai ba.
Peter Newell ya rubuta cewa wataƙila marubuci mafi tasiri a kan batun shi ne ɗan falsafar Ingilishi John Locke, wanda Wasu Tunani Game da Ilimi ya fito fili ya soki matsayin muhimmin aikin azabtarwa a cikin ilimi. Aikin Locke ya yi tasiri sosai, kuma mai yiwuwa ya taimaka ya rinjayi 'yan majalisar Poland don hana azabtar da kai daga makarantun Poland a 1783, ƙasa ta farko a duniya da ta yi hakan. Sakamakon wannan yanayin tunanin shine ragin amfani da azabar jiki a cikin karni na 19 a Turai da Arewacin Amurka. A cikin wasu ƙasashe wannan ya sami ƙarfin gwiwa ta hanyar abin kunya da ya shafi mutane waɗanda suka ji rauni sosai a yayin aiwatar da hukuncin ɗanɗano. Misali, a Birtaniyya, fitattun masu adawa da hukunci sun sami kwarin gwiwa ta manyan lamura guda biyu, mutuwar Private Frederick John White, wanda ya mutu bayan bulalar sojoji a 1846, da mutuwar Reginald Cancellor, wanda malamin makarantarsa ya kashe a 1860 Abubuwan da suka faru kamar waɗannan sun haɗu da ra'ayoyin jama'a kuma, a ƙarshen karni na sha tara, yawan amfani da azabtarwa a makarantun jihar ba shi da farin jini ga iyaye da yawa a Ingila. Hukumomi a Biritaniya da wasu ƙasashe sun gabatar da cikakkun ƙa'idodi game da azabtar da jiki a cikin cibiyoyin gwamnati kamar makarantu, gidajen yari da wuraren kawo sauyi. A yakin duniya na farko, korafin da iyaye suka yi game da wuce gona da iri a Ingila ya mutu, kuma aka kafa hukuncin azaba a matsayin wani nau'i na ladabtarwar makaranta.
A shekarun 1870, kotuna a Amurka sun yi biris da ka’idar gama gari wacce ke cewa miji na da ‘yancin“ azabtar da matar da ta yi kuskure ”. A Burtaniya, hakkin gargajiya na miji ya sanya wa matarsa horo na matsakaici don ya kiyaye ta "cikin iyakokin aiki" an cire irin wannan a cikin 1891. Duba Rikicin cikin gida don ƙarin bayani.
A kasar Burtaniya, amfani da hukuncin alkalanci ya ragu yayin rabin farko na karni na ashirin kuma an soke shi gaba daya a cikin Dokar Shari'ar Masu Laifi, 1948 (zi &amp; z2 GEo. 6. CH. 58.), inda aka haramta bulala da bulala sai dai a yi amfani da su a cikin manyan lamuran ladabtarwa na gidan yari, yayin da galibin sauran kasashen Turai suka soke shi a baya. A halin yanzu, a cikin makarantu da yawa, amfani da sanda, paddle ko tawse ya kasance gama gari a cikin Burtaniya da Amurka har zuwa 1980s. A cikin yankunan karkara na Kudancin Amurka, da kuma a wasu ƙasashe da yawa, har yanzu shine: duba Hukuncin ɗabi'a ta Makaranta.
'Yancin ɗan adam
Abubuwan ci gaba masu alaƙa da azabar al'aura sun auku a ƙarshen karni na 20. An jaddada shekaru tare da muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga haramcin azabtar da jiki.
Hakkin yara
Tunani game da haƙƙin yara a Yammacin duniya ya ɓullo a ƙarni na 20, amma ba a magance batun azabtar da kai gaba ɗaya ba kafin tsakiyar ƙarnin. An jaddada shekaru tare da muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga hana azabtar da yara ga yara.
Matsayin doka
Countriesasashe 59, galibinsu a cikin Turai da Latin Amurka, sun hana kowane irin horo na yara.
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Musnad Ahmad bin Hambali ( مسند أحمد بن حنبل  ) hadisi ne na hadisi wanda malamin addinin musulincin nan Ahmad bn Hanbal (d. 241 AH / 855 AD) ya tattara wanda aka jingina masa fiqhu (doka) a Hanbali.
Bayani
Yana daya daga cikin manya manyan litattafan hadisi da aka rubuta a Tarihin Musulunci mai dauke da hadisai sama da dubu ashirin da bakwai (27000) a cewar Maktaba Shamila. An tsara ta ne a cikin hadisan da kowane Sahabi ya ruwaito (Sahabi), farawa da 'asharah mubashsharah ("goma da aka yiwa aljanna da Aljanna").Kuma Wannan ya nuna matsayin su da kuma kokarin da suka yi na kiyaye sunnar Manzon Allah (S).
Bisola Makanjuola
Bisola Makanjuola (an haifi shi ne a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta 1996) ya kasan ce ɗan wasan kokawa ne na Najeriya. Ta lashe lambobin azurfa biyu da zinare biyu a Gasar Afirka tsakanin 2014 da 2020.
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Bayani
Wasu suna cewa Ahmad bn Hanbal ya yi tsokaci dangane da littafin nasa wanda ke cewa: "Na shigar da hadisi ne kawai a cikin wannan littafin idan wasu malamai sun yi amfani da shi a matsayin hujja." Abu al-Faraj Ibn al-Jawzi ya yi da'awar cewa Musnad yana dauke da hadisai wadanda aka kirkira ta hanyar musayar bayanai (watau mai ba da labarin yana ta faman bayanai, gauraya matani da sarkoki masu iko), wadanda wasu suka ce Hadisai tara ne, ko kuma wasu hadisai goma sha biyar. wasu. Koyaya, an yarda cewa hadisin da ake zargi da kirkirar sa ba sabbin hadisai bane wadanda suke kirkirar tunanin wani marubuci.
Kafar azãba
Horon ciki a cikin gida
Domestic kofur azãba (watau azãbar yara da iyayensu) ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai colloquially matsayin " spanking ", "smacking", ko "slapping".
Bisola Makanjuola
Aikin wasanni
Bisola ta fara samun nasara a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka a 2014 a Tunis inda ta fafata a cikin kilo 55 kuma ta sami lambar azurfa. A cikin 2017, ta halarci wannan taron amma a wannan karon an gudanar da shi a Marrakech, Morocco kuma ta lashe lambar azurfa a rukunin 60kg.
Kafar azãba
Horon ciki a cikin gida
An haramta shi a cikin ƙarin yawan ƙasashe, farawa da Sweden a 1979. A wasu wasu ƙasashe, azabar jiki ta halatta, amma an ƙuntata (misali bugawa kai kai doka ce, ba za a iya amfani da kayan aiki ba, yara kawai a cikin wasu shekarun da za a iya lulluɓewa).
A duk jihohin Amurka da mafi yawan ƙasashen Afirka da Asiya, hukuncin mahaifa daga iyaye ya zama doka a halin yanzu. Hakanan doka ce don amfani da wasu kayan aiki (misali bel ko paddle).
A Kanada, duka da iyaye ko masu kula da doka suka yi (amma ba wani ba) ya halatta, matuƙar yaro yana tsakanin shekarun 2–12, kuma ba a aiwatar da shi sai buɗe hannu, ana amfani da hannu a hannu (bel, paddles, da dai sauransu.) an haramta su sosai). Kuma haramun ne a bugi shugaban a lokacin da za a yi wa yaro horo.
A cikin Burtaniya (ban da Scotland), duka ko buguwa doka ce, amma ba dole ba ne ya haifar da raunin da ya kai ga Barfin Bodily Harm (duk wani rauni kamar ɓarkewar gani, karyewar dukkan fatar, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, a cikin Scotland, tun a watan Oktoba na 2003, ya saba wa doka amfani da duk wani kayan aiki ko bugun kai a lokacin da za a yi wa yaro horo, kuma an hana yin amfani da horon da ake yi wa yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 3. A cikin 2019, Scotland ta kafa dokar hana azabtar da kai, wanda ya fara aiki a cikin 2020. Ita ma Wales ta kafa dokar hana shiga a shekarar 2020, wacce za ta fara aiki a 2022.
A cikin Pakistan, Sashi na 89 na Penal Code na Pakistan ya ba da damar azabtar da kai.
Hukuncin ɗabi'a a cikin makarantu
An haramta azabtar da kai a cikin makarantu a cikin ƙasashe da yawa. Hakan yakan haɗa da bugun ɗalibi a kan gindi ko tafin hannu tare da aiwatarwa (misali sandar ɓoyayyiyar ruwa ko taɓar ruwa ).
A cikin ƙasashe inda har yanzu aka ba da izinin azabtar da kai a cikin makarantu, ana iya samun ƙuntatawa; alal misali, gwanintar makaranta a cikin Singapore da Malaysia, a ka'ida, an ba da izini ga yara maza kawai.
A Indiya, Koriya ta Kudu, da sauran ƙasashe da yawa, a zahiri doka ta soke horon jiki. Koyaya, azaba ta jiki ana ci gaba da aikatawa akan yara maza da mata a makarantu da yawa a duniya. Hasali ma ba a yi nazari da bincike kan al'adu game da azabar al'aura ba. Studyaya daga cikin binciken da aka gudanar ya tattauna kan yadda ake fahimtar azaba ta jiki tsakanin iyaye da ɗalibai a Indiya.
Kwararrun likitocin sun bukaci kawo karshen wannan dabi'a, lura da hatsarin rauni ga hannayen yara musamman.