cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Tafkunan dake daidaita shara
Maturation tafkunan
Za a iya samun nasarar kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta sosai, dangane da dalilai da yawa: zafin jiki, lokacin riƙewar ruwa (yawan lokacin da ruwa ya kasance a cikin tsarin - daga ƙofar zuwa fita), yawan tafkuna a cikin jerin, gaban baffles da zurfin tafkunan.
Ana iya amfani da tafkunan balagagge a haɗe tare da tafki na ruwan sama don samar da tafki na ban ruwa mai tsarkake muhalli.
Aikace-aikace da dacewa
Tafkunan kwantar da sharar gida suna da inganci sosai a cikin ainihin manufarsu ta kawar da kwayoyin halitta kuma, a wasu yanayi, ƙwayoyin cuta. Ma'aunin ƙirar su ya canza kadan a cikin shekaru. Tafkuna suna da sauƙi don tsarawa, ginawa, sannan sarrafawa da kulawa, wanda ke da matukar mahimmanci a yankuna masu nisa da kuma a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa inda kayan aiki na yau da kullun da ƙwararrun ma'aikata ba su da sauƙi. Kuma ’Yan kwangila na gida na iya yin gine-gine a cikin ƙananan garuruwa.
Tafkunan kwantar da shara suna aiki da kyau a kusan dukkan mahalli kuma suna iya magance yawancin nau'ikan ruwan datti. Sun dace musamman ga ƙasashe masu zafi da na ƙasa saboda tsananin hasken rana da zafin jiki sune mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ingantaccen tsarin cirewa. Ana amfani da tafkuna a duk faɗin duniyat. To A cikin ƙasashe da yankuna da yawa tafkuna sune tsarin jiyya da aka fi amfani da su. Don haka, suna daya daga cikin hanyoyin da WHO ta ba da shawarar yin maganin datti don sake amfani da su a aikin gona da kiwo, musamman saboda tasirinsu wajen cire nematodes (tsutsotsi) da ƙwai helminth.
Tafkunan ba za su iya cimma babban inganci wajen kawar da kwayoyin halitta ba, kuma yawanci suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi don cire nitrogen da phosphorus. Ruwan ruwa yawanci yana da babban adadin da aka dakatar da shi, sakamakon samar da algal a cikin tafkunan. To Don haka, tafkuna ba fasaha ce da ta dace ba a wuraren da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin fitarwa ke wanzu, sai dai idan an haɗa ƙarin matakan jiyya bayan.
Tunda tafkunan suna buƙatar manyan wurare, ƙila ba za su yi aiki ba a kusa da garuruwan da ƙasa ke da tsada. Ana kuma son yanayin yanayin da ya dace da tsarin ƙasa mai dacewa, don rage farashin gini.
Aiki da kulawa
Game da aiki da kulawa, ayyukan da ma'aikatan aiki ke yi suna da sauƙi kuma ba sa buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman. Bugu da ƙari, Kuma babu amfani da makamashi don iska, babu buƙatar kulawa da kayan aiki mai nauyi kuma babu yawan cire sludge, jiyya da zubar da ruwa.
Tafkunan suna buƙatar kulawa kaɗan, tunda babu kayan wuta mai nauyi ko na inji da ke buƙatar kulawa. Iyakar kulawa ta yau da kullun da ake buƙata shine akan jiyya na farko (tsaftace fuska da cire yashi), bincikar bututu na yau da kullun, magudanar ruwa da sauran tsarin injin ruwa, sannan da kawar da ci gaban ciyayi maras so a cikin tarkace.
Cire sludge
Sludge yana tarawa a cikin tafkunan. Yana buƙatar cire shi kawai a cikin tazarar shekaru da yawa. Wannan muhimmin amfani ne na tsarin. Koyaya, lokacin cirewa ya zama dole, yawanci aiki ne mai tsada da wahala. Kuma Cire ya fi sau da yawa a cikin tafkunan anaerobic (kowace ƴan shekaru), saboda ƙaramar ƙararsu da ƙananan ƙarfin ajiyar sludge, idan aka kwatanta da tafkunan masu ƙwarewa. A cikin tafkuna masu fa'ida, cire sludge na iya zama dole kawai a cikin tazara tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 25. A cikin tafkunan maturation, tarin sludge yana da ƙasa sosai.
Cire sludge, wanda kuma ake kira desludging, ana iya yin shi ta hanyoyi biyu na asali: (i) katse aikin kandami don lalata ko (ii) kiyaye tafki yana aiki yayin lalata. A cikin shari'ar farko, sannan an rufe ruwan datti mai tasiri zuwa kandami da za a kwashe. Bayan haka, ana zubar da kandami kuma an bar sludge na kasa don bude bushewa na makonni da yawa. A wannan lokacin, ruwan dattin da za a yi amfani da shi yana buƙatar karkatar da shi zuwa wasu tafkunan da ke cikin tsarin. Bayan sludge ya bushe, ana iya cire shi da hannu (mai wahala sosai a cikin manyan tafkuna) ko kuma ta hanyar injina ta amfani da tarakta ko scrapers. A madadin na biyu, lokacin da aka bar kandami yana aiki a lokacin rarrabuwa, sludge da aka cire zai zama rigar kuma zai buƙaci ƙarin bushewa. Ana yin wannan a wajen tafkin. Cire sludge na iya zama ta hanyar tsotsawa da yin famfo ta amfani da manyan manyan motoci (don ƙananan tafkuna kawai), jujjuyawa, Kuma yin famfo daga jirgin ruwa ko haɗa wasu kayan aikin injiniya. A kowane hali, adadin sludge da za a cire yana da yawa sosai, idan aka yi la'akari da yadda ya taru tsawon shekaru. Wannan tsari yana da wahala sosai, tsada kuma yana buƙatar yin shiri sosai.
Farashin
Saboda duk waɗannan abubuwan sun keɓanta da wurin, yana da wahala a ƙididdige yawan kuɗin gini gabaɗaya. A mafi yawan lokuta waɗannan za su yi ƙasa kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin magance ruwan sharar gida. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun yanayin yankin, Kuma farashin gini na iya ƙaruwa da haɓaka tare da sauran fasahohin.
Tafkunan kwantar da shara suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi arha hanyoyin magance ruwan sha ta fuskar aiki da kulawa.
Kwatanta da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa
Nau'o'in ruwa da abubuwan more rayuwa na sharar gida na iya kama da tafkunan sharar gida, amma ba iri ɗaya bane:
David Rokni
David Rokni ( דוד רוקני , (an Haife shi Janairu 6, 1932) wani Kanar Isra'ila ne. Ya zama babban jigo na Isra'ila a matsayin kwamandan bikin haskaka fitilar ranar 'yancin kai na Isra'ila na shekara-shekara a Dutsen Herzl na Kudus kusan shekaru arba'in.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi David Rokni a kasar Iran. ya kasance Kanar a Rundunar Tsaron kasar Isra'ila. Shekaru 37 a jere, Rokni ya shirya kuma ya jagoranci bikin ranar 'yancin kai na shekara-shekara a Dutsen Herzl.
A cikin shekarar 2013, wani fim na gaskiya, bikin, game da bikin hasken wutar lantarki da kuma rawar da David Rokni ya taka, ya lashe lambar yabo ta masu sauraro a bikin DocAviv.
A watan Mayu shekarar 2016, Rokni ya sanar da cewa zai yi ritaya, kuma bikin wannan shekarar zai kasance na ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin umarninsa. Bayan sanarwar, shugaba Reuven Rivlin ya karbi bakuncin Rokni a fadar shugaban kasa.
Kantin Sayayya na Palms
Kantin sayayya na Palms kanti ne da ke a wani fili nai girman murabba'i 45000 m2 a Lekki, jihar Legas. Kantin ya mamaye 21000 m2 na sararin dillali. An gina katafaren kantin ne a kan fadama da gwamnati ta kwato kwanan nan kuma Oba na Legas da Shugaba Obasanjo ne suka kaddamar da ginin. Mall, wanda aka buɗe a ƙarshen 2005, yana da shaguna 69 da silima na allo na zamani. Akwai filin ajiye motoci don motoci kusan 1000.
Kantin Siyayya na Palms (har zuwa buɗe wurin shakatawa na Polo a Enugu) ita ce kasuwa ta biyu mafi girma a cikin babban yanki bayan Ado Bayero Mall da ke Kano kuma irinsa na farko a Najeriya. Mall mallakar Persianas Properties Limited (Sashe na rukunin Persianas), wanda ɗan kasuwan Najeriya Tayo Amusan, ɗan Najeriya mai haɓaka kadarori ne ya tallata.
Kungiyar Persianas kuma tana bunkasa irin wadannan kantunan kasuwanci a Enugu ( Polo Park Mall ) da kuma a Kwara (Kwara Mall) - ana sa ran fara kasuwanci a karshen shekara ta 2011. Ana kuma ci gaba da gudanar da wasu ayyuka da dama a wasu sassan Najeriya.
Masu haya
Masu haya a kasuwan sune Giants na Afirka ta Kudu: Game da ShopRite da Farawa Deluxe Cinemas. Shagunan layin, waɗanda ke da girman tsakanin murabba'in murabba'in 28-590 (300-6,400) murabba'in ƙafa) sun zo cikin sassa daban-daban na kayayyaki da ayyuka daban-daban.
Wasan (ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Massmart - kwanan nan Walmart ya karɓe) sarkar dillalan ragi ta mamaye mafi girman sarari a kusan fadin murabba'in 5495. ShopRite, wanda ke bayyana kansa a matsayin babban kantin sayar da kayan masarufi na Afirka ya buɗe kantin sayar da kayayyaki na farko a Najeriya a The Palms and The Hub Media Store - Babban kantin watsa labarai na Najeriya yana aiki a saman bene.
Alfa Semedo
Alfa Semedo Esteves (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 1997) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Bissau-Guinea wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal Vitória de Guimarães da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Guinea-Bissau.
Kantin Sayayya na Palms
Masu haya
Sinima na Genesis Deluxe yana aiki a wajen da silima mai allo 6 akan bene na sama inda ake haska fina-finai na duniya da na Najeriya.
Alfa Semedo
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
An haife shi a Bissau, Semedo ya fara buga kwallon kafa a kulob din Fidjus di Bideras. A cikin shekarar 2014, yana da shekaru 16, ya koma Portugal kuma ya shiga tsarin matasa na Benfica. Bayan ya buga shekaru biyu don ƙungiyar juniors, an ba da shi aro zuwa Vilafranquense a Campeonato de Portugal na kakar wasa ɗaya. A ranar 8 ga watan Yuli 2017, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu tare da Moreirense a Primeira Liga, wanda zai fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan Taça da Liga da Desportivo das Aves a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli a waccan shekarar.
Kantin Sayayya na Palms
Duba kuma
Jerin manyan kantunan kasuwanci a Najeriya
Alfa Semedo
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
A ranar 31 ga watan Janairu, 2019, an ba da Semedo aro ga RCD Espanyol ta La Liga har zuwa Yuni. A ranar 8 ga watan Yuli, ya koma kulob din Nottingham Forest na Ingila a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa, tare da abokin wasan Benfica Yuri Ribeiro (na karshen kan canja wuri na dindindin). Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka doke Swansea City da ci 1-0 a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2019.
Semedo ya shiga Reading a kan aro na tsawon lokaci a kakar 2020-21. Ya buga wasansa na farko a cikin nasara da ci 1-0 akan Wycombe Wanderers a ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba 2020. Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko ga Reading a wasan da suka doke Luton Town da ci 2–1 a ranar 26 ga Disamba 2020.
Ayyukan kasa
Ya buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Guinea-Bissau a ranar 26 ga Maris 2021 a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar AFCON 2021 da Eswatini kuma ya ci wa kungiyar kwallo ta biyu da ci 3-1.
Ikeja City Mall
Wanda aka fi sani da Shoprite Ikeja ko ICM, tana aiki azaman wurin taro ko cibiyar nishaɗi don abokai, dangi da 'yan kasuwa.
Gini
Tun a watan Mayun shekarar 2010 ne aka fara ginin Kasuwar da ke Ikeja a watan Nuwamba, a shekarar 2011, amma an buɗe shi a cikin kankanin lokaci  a watan Disamba. Wani bangare na ginin ya ruguje a ranar Alhamis, 9 ga watan Disamba, 2010 tare da jikkata mutane biyar.
Bayani
Kantin sayar da kayayyakin yana da allo 5 na Silverbird Cinema (silima ta farko kuma tilo a Ikeja tun lokacin da aka gina mall a 2011) da kuma Babban kanti na Shoprite. Hakanan ya haɗa da ofisoshi na ƙwararru na shagunan sashe, bankuna, shagunan kofi, mashaya, gidajen abinci, gyaran gashi/salon kayan kwalliya, filayen wasan kankara, da sauransu.
Fadadawa
Don ingantacciyar hidimar masu siyayya, Mall na Ikeja City Mall, gida ga samfuran ƙasashen duniya da na gida, zai ƙara sabon sashe a cikin kantin. Sabon sashin, a cewar daraktan kamfanin, zai haɗa da bangaren yara da gidan wasan kwaikwayo, gidan cin abinci, don mayar da kantin sayar da gidan gaba-ɗaya.
Yuni 2012
A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni na shekarar 2012 ne aka rufe dukkan shagunan kasuwar domin nuna adawa da sabon kuɗin motar bas na Naira 300 a kowace sa’a da mahukuntan kasuwar suka sanya.
Mamadi Camará
Mamadi Caba Camará (an Haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 2003) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Bissau-Guinean wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari kuma winger ga kulob ɗin Reading na EFL Championship.
Sana'a/Aiki
Bayan buga wasan kwallon kafa na matasa a CD Feirense, ya shiga kulob ɗin Reading a cikin shekarar 2020. Ya buga wasansa na farko a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a gasar cin kofin FA da suka doke Luton Town da ci 1-0 ranar 9 ga watan Janairu 2021. A ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu 2021, Camara ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Readi, har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2022.
Ayyukan kasa
Camará received his first call-up for Guinea-Bissau national football team for the friendlies against Angola and Equatorial Guinea on 23 and 26 March 2022. Camará made his debut for Guinea-Bissau on 23 March 2022 against Equatorial Guinea with a man-of-the-match performance.
Piers Gilliver
Gilliver ya taba lashe lambobin yabo a matakin gasar cin kofin duniya da na Turai. A shekarar 2016 ya wakilci Burtaniya a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta Rio kuma ya samu lambar azurfa.
Tarihin sirri
An haifi Gilliver a Gloucester Ingila a cikin 1994. Ya halarci Makarantar Hopebrook C na E a Longhope. Yana da ciwon Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome wanda a cikin 2007 ya bar shi a matsayin mai amfani da keken guragu na cikakken lokaci.
Aikin shingen keken hannu
Gilliver ya fara wasan wasan keken guragu ne a shekarar 2010 a kulob din wasan wasansa na Cheltenham bayan ya nemi sabon wasa yayin da motsinsa ya ragu. Ya shiga Ƙungiyar Zaren Nakasassu na Biritaniya a cikin 2011. A cikin 2012 Gilliver ya yi wasansa na farko na kasa da kasa don tawagar Birtaniya a gasar cin kofin duniya a Warsaw, zuwa 11th a cikin Category A épée.
A cikin 2013 Gilliver ya shiga gasar IWAS ta farko ta Duniya. A wannan shekarar an nada shi Zakaran Duniya na Junior a cikin U23's Category A épée. A cikin haɓaka zuwa wasannin nakasassu na bazara na 2016 a Rio, Gilliver ya kammala fakiti tara a wasanni na ƙasa da ƙasa gami da lambar azurfa a gasar tseren keken hannu ta IWAS a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a Eger. A cikin 2016 an zaɓi shi don TeamGB a wasannin nakasassu na bazara na 2016 inda ya sami lambar azurfa a cikin Épée A.
A cikin Yuli 2021 Gilliver, Dimitri Coutya, Gemma Collis-McCann da Oliver Lam-Watson an gano su a matsayin ƙungiyar shingen keken hannu ta Biritaniya waɗanda za su fafata a jinkirta nakasassu na bazara na 2020 a Tokyo, inda ya ci zinare a cikin Épée A, azurfa a cikin ƙungiyar. Foil da tagulla a cikin Team Épée.
An nada Gilliver Memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 don hidimar shinge.
Indiyawan Ghana
Indiyawan Ghana (Akan: Nkɔmbɔtwetwe India Gaana; Telugu: ఘానా భారతీయులు) 'yan Ghana ne 'yan asalin Indiya ko kuma na asali. Yawancin Indiyawan Ghana zuriyarsu ne daga waɗanda suka yi hijira daga Indiya bayan rabuwar Indiya a shekarar 1947.
Rarrabawa
Yawancin Indiyawan Ghana suna zaune a manyan birane da garuruwa a kudu maso tsakiya, kudu maso gabas, kudu maso yamma, ko kudancin Ghana. Garuruwan bakin teku irin su Accra, Cape Coast, Sekondi-Takoradi, da Tema suma suna da al'ummar Indiyawan Ghana. Gabaɗaya galibin ƙasar Ghana a kudancin Kumasi na da kaso mai tsoka na Indiyawan Ghana, yayin da kudu ta tsakiya da kuma kudancin Ghana ke da yawan Indiyawan Ghana. Baya ga Accra da Kumasi, yankunan bakin teku da Kudancin Ghana, akwai al'ummomin Indiyawan Ghana a Koforidua da Sunyani.
Asali
Al’ummar Indo-Aryan da Sindhi, wadanda su ne Indiyawan farko da suka isa Ghana, sun fara zuwa ne a matsayin ‘yan kasuwa da masu shaguna, kuma a hankali, a shekarun 1950 zuwa 1960, wasu ‘yan sana’o’i ne na masana’antu kamar su tufafi, robobi, masaku. magungunan kashe kwari, na'urorin lantarki, masana'antar harhada magunguna, kayan gani da sauransu. Wasu Indiyawan da suka zauna a Ghana tsawon rayuwarsu sun sami takardar zama dan kasar Ghana. Wasu iyalai yanzu suna cikin ƙarni na huɗu a Ghana. Indiyawan Ghana sun kasance suna da mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin kudin shiga fiye da sauran jama'a.
Kamar yadda bayanai suka nuna, ɗan Indiya na farko (Sindhworki), Bhai Boolchand, ya sauka a gabar tekun 'Gold Coast' a shekara ta 1890. Kusan shekaru ashirin bayan haka, a shekara ta 1919, 'yan'uwa biyu ne suka kafa kamfanin Sindhi na farko, wato Tarachand Jasoomal Daswani da Metharam Jasoomal Daswani. Sun bude wani shago a kasuwa a birnin Cape Coast (wanda shine babban birni a lokacin) a shekara ta 1919, a ƙarƙashin sunan Metharam Jassomal Brothers. Kasuwancin su ya bunkasa kuma an bude rassa a Accra da Kumasi.
Bayan 'yan shekaru, 'yan'uwan biyu suka rabu kuma Bhai Metharam Jasoomal ya ci gaba da kasuwancinsa a karkashin 'Metharam Brothers', Bhai Tarachand Jasoomal ya gudanar da kasuwancinsa da sunan 'Bombay Bazaar'. Waɗannan su ne kamfanoni biyu na Indiya na farko da aka kafa a Ghana sai kuma ‘Gold Coast’. A cikin 1920s, an kafa wasu kamfanoni biyu na Indiya a ƙarƙashin sunan Lilaram Thanwardas da Mahtani Brothers, kuma wannan yanayin ya ci gaba a cikin 1930s da 1940s tare da haihuwar wasu kamfanoni na Indiya da yawa, wato T. Chandirams, Punjabi Brothers, Wassiamal Brothers, Hariram. Brothers, K. Chellaram & Sons, G. Motiram, D. P. Motwani, G. Dayaram, V. Lokumal, Glamour da dai sauransu. Ba da daɗewa ba, waɗannan kamfanoni suna kawo sababbin ma'aikata 'yan kasashen waje, wasu ma'aikata sun bar ma'aikatan su, kuma suka shiga da kansu. kuma kamfanoni da yawa sun buɗe.
Bayan 1947, 'Gold Coast' ya ja hankalin wasu kamfanoni na Indiya, kuma manyan mutane kamar Chanrai, Bhojsons, K. A. J. Chotirmal, Dalamals, A. D. Gulab ya bude rassa a Ghana. Samar da aikin yi ga 'yan Ghana da wadannan kamfanoni da suka kafa ya kuma taimaka wajen rage wahalhalun rashin aikin yi a kasar. Wannan yana nuna cikakken matakin sadaukarwar Indiya a cikin ajandar ci gaban Ghana. Indiyawa ba wai kawai suna saka hannun jari a sassan masana'antu da kasuwanci na Ghana ba, har ma a fannin hada-hadar kudi. Bankin Baroda, daya daga cikin manya kuma mafi shaharar bankuna a Indiya kwanan nan ya kafa reshe a Ghana kuma zai fadada ayyukansa a wasu sassan kasar.
Yawancin Indiyawan da suka isa Ghana a shekarar 1947 kuma ba da dadewa ba sun sami takardar zama dan kasar Ghana, wanda ake ba su ba tare da nuna bambanci ba. Mu'amalar zamantakewa tsakanin Indiyawan Ghana da sauran 'yan Ghana ya yadu sosai. Akwai haɗin gwiwa a tsakanin su a cikin harkokin kasuwanci da ma auratayya masu gauraya. 'Yan Ghana suna halartar ayyukan zamantakewa da al'adun Indiya kyauta. Al'ummar Indiyawan Ghana suna ba da gudummawa lokaci-lokaci don dalilai daban-daban masu dacewa. Jama'ar Ghana sun yaba da rawar da Indiyawan Ghana ke takawa wajen ci gaban Ghana gaba daya, da kuma al'adunsu da fahimtarsu ga wasu.
Al'adu
Indiyawan Ghana suna da ƙwazo. A Accra, sun kafa wata ƙungiya ta Indiya da cibiyar zamantakewar Indiya, dukansu suna aiki daga harabar wani haikalin Indiya wanda al'ummar Indiyawan Ghana suka gina a Accra. Ana gudanar da shirye-shirye daban-daban na zamantakewa da al'adu a wurin, da kuma bukukuwa na tunawa da muhimman ranaku na addini. Kowace Alhamis da Lahadi, Indiyawan Ghana suna taruwa don Kirtans da poojas. Haikalin kuma yana karɓar cibiyar Yoga da Radhasoami (Beas) satsangs.
Al'ummar Indiya sun taka rawa kuma suna ci gaba da taka rawa a fagage da dama. Ƙungiyar Indiya tana da wakilci a kan hukumomin gwamnati da yawa, cibiyoyi, da ƙungiyoyin agaji a Ghana. Indiyawa da yawa sun yi rayuwa sama da shekaru 50 a Ghana - mafi tsufa mazauna sun kasance a Ghana tun 1939 - kuma suna ganin Ghana a matsayin gidansu na farko.
Ilimi
Indiyawan Ghana suna da kididdigar ilimi sosai. Iyalan Indiyawan Ghana masu arziki suna tura 'ya'yansu zuwa Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Ghana, yayin da wasu suka fi son makarantu marasa tsada. Wasu Indiyawan Ghana ma kan tura ‘ya’yansu zuwa Indiya ko wata kasa domin neman ilimi.
A halin yanzu akwai Makarantun Indiya guda ɗaya a Ghana - Makarantar Jama'a ta Delhi (DPS) a Tema a cikin shekara ta 2010 ta ba da sanarwar zamani mai inganci da koyo da ke neman ƙware, ta hanyar ba da cikakkiyar ilimi, zamani da cikakken ilimi tun daga aji Nursery ta hanyar fasahar zamani na zamani koyarwa. DPS Tema na neman biyan bukatun yaran Ghana. DPS Tema, Ghana yana da alaƙa da Babban Hukumar Sakandare ta Tsakiya (CBSE) da Babban Shafi na Sakandare na Duniya (IGCSE) kuma ƙungiyar Makarantun Jama'a ta Delhi, New Delhi ta yi rajista a ƙarƙashin dokar Society ɗin da ke da fitattun masana ilimi, malaman fikihu da kuma fitattun masanan Indiya a matsayin membobinta.
Ilimin tattalin arziki
Yawancin Indiyawan Ghana mutane ne masu arziki kuma masu wadata. Ko dai ’yan kasuwa ne masu zaman kansu da ke da rassan kasuwanci a duk faɗin Ghana, ko kuma ma’aikatan kamfanonin gida daban-daban, kamar ayyukan tattalin arziki da kamfanonin mai. Wasu kuma sun mallaki sarkokin otal na Ghana, sadarwa da kamfanonin lantarki da dai sauransu. Manyan kamfanonin Indiya da kamfanoni da yawa a Ghana sun hada da Tata Group, Bharti Airtel, Tech Mahindra da Bank of Baroda. Wasu kuma suna aiki a matsayin likitoci, masana fasahar likitanci, da ma'aikatan jinya a asibitoci a Ghana.
Ladipo Market
Kasuwar Ladipo wacce aka fi sani da Lidipo Auto Spare Parts Market kasuwa ce a karamar hukumar Mushin a jihar Legas. A ‘yan kwanakin nan, Kasuwar Ladipo ta kasance wurin yakin neman zaɓe da kuma taron wayar da kan jama’a saboda yawan jama’a a kasuwar. Kasuwar tana kan titin Ladipo, Papa Ajao, Mushin, Legas. Sunan ya fito ne daga wurinsa, Ladipo Street. Kasuwar Ladipo tana kusa da layin Akinwunmi, Ladipo Street, Papa Ajao, Mushin, Legas. Daga wannan yanki ne (Titin Ladipo) ya ba da sunansa ga yanayin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na yanzu. Yana buɗewa gaba ɗaya idan kun zo daga yankuna daban-daban a Legas ko kuma 'yan adawa daban-daban a wajen Legas. Ita ce kasuwa mafi girma don siyan sassan motoci a duk faɗin Afirka. Wuri ne mai kyau don tokunbo (wanda ba a sani ba) da sabbin kayan mota a Najeriya, masu siya da yawa suna kawo waɗannan samfuran yanzu daga Ghana, Ivory Coast, da ƙasashen Afirka daban-daban.
Filin Jirgin Sama Na Santa Teresita (Bolivia)
Filin jirgin sama na Santa Teresita (    filin jirgin sama ne na jama'a da ke hidimar jigila a Santa Teresita a Sashen Santa Cruz na Bolivia . Santa Teresita hanya ce ta ketare iyaka da Ƙasar Brazil.
Abule Egba
Abule Egba unguwa ce a cikin birnin Lagos, Nigeria. Kauyen Egba yana karkashin karamar hukumar Alimosho ne a Legas. Wurin ya kasance wurin fashewar bututun mai, fashewar bututun mai na Abule Egba a 2006, wanda ya faru a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, 2006. A shekarar 2016 ne gwamnatin Legas ta fara aikin gina gadar sama a yankin domin saukaka zirga-zirgar da miliyoyin jama’a ke bi a kan hanyoyinta a kowace rana. An kammala aikin gadar a watan Mayu, 2017.
Mutanen Gonja
Gonja (kuma Ghanjawiyyu, endonym Ngbanya) masarauta ce a arewacin Ghana wanda Sumaila Ndewura Jakpa ya kafa a shekara ta 1675. Kalmar kuma tana iya nufin mutanen wannan masarauta.
Asali
Gonja ’yan Guan ne da Dagbon da Akan da Mande da Hausawa suka yi musu tasiri. Da faduwar daular Songhai (a shekara ta 1600), dangin Mande Ngbanya sun ƙaura zuwa kudu, suka haye Black Volta suka kafa birni a Yagbum. Tun asali an raba masarautar Gonja zuwa sassan da ’yan’uwan Sumaila Ndewura Jakpa maza ke kula da su ciki har da ‘ya’yansu da jikoki.
Ngbanya ya faɗaɗa cikin sauri, inda ya ci maƙwabta da dama a cikin kwarin White Volta tare da fara cinikin zinari mai riba tare da jihohin Akan ta hanyar Begho na kusa. A shekara ta 1675, Gonja ya kafa wani babban sarki, mai suna Yagbongwura, don sarrafa masarautar. Daular Ngbanya ta mallaki wannan matsayi tun daga kafuwarta har zuwa yau, tare da wasu gajeru guda biyu kawai. Yagbongwura na yanzu, Tuntumba Sulemana Jakpa Bore Essa, ya rike mukaminsa tun 2010. Al'ummar Gonja na zamanin mulkin mallaka ta rabu gida biyu, mai ajin mulki, ajin ƴan kasuwa musulmi, ajin ƴan ta'adda, da kuma aji na bawa. Tattalin arzikinta ya dogara ne akan cinikin bayi daga Afirka ta Tsakiya da kola, musamman ta kasuwar garin Salaga, wanda wani lokaci ake kira "Timbuktu na Kudu."
Wang Qiang (tennis)
Wang Qiang (Furuci [wa tɕʰja ̌ ŋ] ; an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Janairu shekarata alif 1992) ƙwararriyar ƴar wasan Tennis ne. Ta lashe lakabi guda biyu a kan WTA Tour, taken guda ɗaya akan jerin WTA 125K, da taken guda ɗaya guda 13 da taken ninki biyu akan ITF Circuit. Mafi kyawun sakamakon ta a gasar Grand Slam ta zo a US Open a shekarar 2019 inda ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe. A ranar 9 ga watan Satumbar shekarata 2019, Wang ta kai matsayi mafi girma a matsayi na 12 a duniya, inda ta zama ta biyu a matsayi mafi girma a fagen wasan tennis na ƙasarsar Sin a tarihi bayan Li Na. Tare da Li Na, Zheng Jie, Peng Shuai, da Zhang Shuai, Wang yana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan Tennis biyar na ƙasarasar Sin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar Grand Slam.
Sana'a
An haifi Wang a Tianjin. Lokacin tana da shekaru tara, ta fara wasan tennis. A waccan shekarar, ta zama mai gabatar da kara na Cibiyar Tennis ta Kasa ta Tianjin. Tsawon shekaru biyu a jere (2006, 2007), ta lashe Gasar Tennis ta Junior a China. A hukumance ta fara rangadin da'irar mata ta ITF a Japan har zuwa 2007.
Aurelle Awon
A ranar 28 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015, An zaɓi Awona a cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 na Kamaru don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA shekarar 2015. Bayan ba ta buga wasanni biyu na farko ba ta fara buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na FIFA a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2015 a ci 2-1 da Switzerland a wasan karshe na rukuni. Ta kuma fara wasa na gaba a zagaye na 16 da kasar Sin.
Wang Qiang (tennis)
Sana'a
A watan Fabrairun 2010, ta kasance babbar 'yar wasa a kungiyar sada zumunta ta AOAO mai taken [FTIC] wanda Ademola Oduwole ya kirkira a tsibirin Denarau a Fiji da nufin inganta wasannin' yan mata. Ta doke Christina Visico ta Philippines a wasan karshe don lashe jakarta $ 2,000 da agogon $ 4,000 Chris Aire wanda mai zanen agogon Hollywood Luxury ya bayar
Wang ta sami nasarar babbar gasar WTA Tour ta farko a Gasar Malaysian ta 2013 inda, bayan samun cancantar shiga gasar, ta doke babban iri da kuma lamba 10 a duniya, Caroline Wozniacki a zagaye na farko.
Ta yi wasan farko na Grand Slam na farko a gasar US Open ta 2014 daga gasar neman cancantar, kuma ta ci Paula Kania daga Poland a zagayen farko da ci 6-2, 6-0, kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Casey Dellaqua ƴar Australia a karo na biyu.
A cikin 2016, mafi kyawun sakamako na Wang ya zo a gasar Grand Slam, ya kai zagaye na biyu na Australian Open, French Open, da US Open. Ta kuma fafata a cikin marasa aure a wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2016, amma ta sha kashi a zagayen farko ga wanda ta lashe Grand Slam sau biyu Svetlana Kuznetsova.
A shekara ta 2017, Wang ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar cin kofin Premier, inda ta lashe wasanni uku a jere a Dubai (gasar Premier 5) kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Anastasija Sevastova. Ta gama shekarar da aka saka a cikin manyan 50 a karon farko, a lamba 45 a duniya.
Mai ninki biyu
Yanzu bayan Gasar Italiya ta 2021 .
Filin Jirgin Sama Na Los Menucos
Filin jirgin sama na Los Menucos (filin jirgin sama ne mai hidima a garin Los Menucos a cikin lardin Río Negro na Ƙasar Argentina. Filin jirgin saman yana da 3 km arewacin Los Menucos.
Titin jirgin sama yana da maki 1630, tare da tsakiyar 1200 m kwalta.
Colette Ndzana
Colette Ndzana Fegue (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2000), wacce aka fi sani da Colette Ndzana, ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce 'yar ƙasar Kamaru kuma tsohon ɗan wasan futsal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin baya na hagu a ƙungiyar La Liga F ta Sipaniya UD Granadilla Tenerife da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta Kamaru.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Ndzana ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2019 tare da tawagar mata ta Kamaru 'yan kasa da shekaru 20. Ta taka rawar gani a babban matakin yayin gasar cin kofin mata ta CAF ta shekarar 2020.
Dam ɗin Nandoni
Dam ɗin Nandoni, (Nandoni ma'ana "tanda mai narkewa" a cikin harshen Venda ), wanda aka fi sani da Dam ɗin Mutoti, madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa/kambura a lardin Limpopo, Afirka ta Kudu. Tana kan kogin Luvuvhu kusa da ƙauyukan ha-Mutoti da ha-Budeli da ha-Mphego mai tazarar kilomita kaɗan daga Thohoyandou a gundumar Vhembe. Dam ɗin yana aiki ne da farko don samar da ruwa kuma hadarinsa ya kasance mai girma (3).
Kogin Luvuvhu ya bi hanya ne a gefen kudancin kogin Zoutpansberg daga ƙarshe ya shiga kogin Limpopo da ke arewa mai nisa na gandun dajin Kruger da ke kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu, Zimbabwe da Mozambique. Mummunan fari a farkon shekarun 1990, lokacin da rijiyoyin burtsatse da dama a Venda da Gazankulu suka gaza, sakamakon haka sai da tankokin ruwa suka isar da ruwan sha, ya jagoranci ma'aikatar harkokin ruwa ta gudanar da bincike kan yuwuwar samar da tsayayyen ruwa ga yankin.
Dam ɗin Nandoni na samar da ruwa ga wurare da dama a yankin. Kamun kifi a cikin dam yana jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido, manyan nau'ikan da ake kamun kifi su ne Largemouth bass da kurper.
Kimanin kuɗin da aka kashe na Dam din Nandoni ya kai R373,3 miliyan. Al'ummomin da ke zaune a cikin kwandon dam ɗin ne shirin ya shafa kai tsaye. Mazaunan Budeli, Mulenzhe, Tshiulongoma da Dididi sun ƙaura zuwa sabbin gidaje da Sashen Kula da Ruwa da Dazuka suka gina. Matsugunin ya shafi iyalai kusan 400.
Dam Nandoni ya ƙunshi wurare daban-daban don gasar kamun kifi, zango da masauki. Shahararrun kamun kifi da wuraren kwana su ne Nandoni Villa da Nandoni Fish Eagle.
Dimitri Coutya
Dimitri Coutya (an haife shi 7 Oktoba 1997) ɗan shingen keken hannu ne na Biritaniya. Ya ci azurfa ta ƙungiya, tagulla ɗaya da lambobin tagulla guda biyu na Biritaniya a wasan wasan keken hannu a wasannin nakasassu na bazara na 2020 a Makuhari Messe, Tokyo, Japan.
Wasan wasa na duniya a cikin Épée Cat B da Foil Cat B, ya lashe lambobin yabo na Maza Single guda 48 don wasannin nakasassu na GB. Shine dan wasan keken guragu na Biritaniya na farko da ya lashe babban taken mutum a cikin Foil (Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Roma 2017 - Mutum Mutum Cat B Foil Gold).
Bayan ya kai wasan kwata-kwata na Épée a Rio 2016, Dimitri ya lashe zinare biyu na zinare na duniya a Rome 2017. Ya lashe gasar zinare na farko na Turai a 2018 a Terni - Italiya. A gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2019 a Cheong Ju - Koriya ta Kudu, Dimitri ya lashe zinari a Épée da Azurfa a cikin Foil.
Shekaru da yawa Dimitri yana matsayin matsayi na 1 a duniya a cikin keken keken hannu biyu Cat B Épée da Cat B Foil.
Fitar gurbataccen hayakin gas
Gas mai fitar da hayaki ko hayaki yana fitowa ne sakamakon konewar mai kamar iskar gas, man fetur (man fetur), man dizal, man fetur, gaurayawan biodiesel, ko kwal. Dangane da nau'in injin, ana fitar da shi zuwa sararin samaniya ta hanyar bututun shaye-shaye, bututun hayaƙi, ko bututun ƙarfe. Sau da yawa yana watsar da iska a cikin tsarin da ake kira sharar ruwa.
Babban sashi ne na hayakin abin hawa (kuma daga injunan konewa na ciki a tsaye), wanda kuma yana iya haɗawa da busa-baki da ƙafewar mai da ba a yi amfani da Shi ba.
Fitar da ababen hawa na taimakawa wajen gurbacewar iska kuma wani babban sinadari ne wajen samar da hayaki a wasu manyan biranen kasar. Wani bincike na shekarar 2013 da MIT ya yi ya nuna cewa kimanin 53,000 na mutuwa da wuri a kowace shekara a Amurka kadai saboda hayakin abin hawa. A cewar wani bincike da aka yi daga wannan jami’a, hayakin motoci kadai ke haddasa mutuwar mutane 5,000 a duk shekara a kasar Birtaniya.
Abun ciki
Mafi girman sashi na mafi yawan iskar gas shi ne nitrogen (N 2 ), tururin ruwa (H 2 O) (sai dai tare da man fetur mai tsabta), da carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (sai dai man fetur ba tare da carbon); waɗannan ba masu guba ba ne ko masu lahani (ko da yake tururin ruwa da carbon dioxide iskar gas ne da ke haifar da canjin yanayi ). Wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki na iskar gas ɗin da ba a so, mara kyau, ko abubuwa masu guba, kamar carbon monoxide (CO) daga konewar da ba ta cika ba, hydrocarbons (wanda aka nuna daidai kamar C x H y, amma yawanci ana nuna shi azaman “HC” akan iskar gwaji-gwajin. ) daga man fetur da ba a ƙone ba, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) daga yanayin zafi mai yawa, da kuma kwayoyin halitta (mafi yawa soot ).
Fitar da zafin gas
Zazzagewar iskar gas (EGT) yana da mahimmanci ga aiki na mai jujjuyawar injin konewa na ciki. Ana iya auna shi da ma'aunin zafin jiki na iskar gas. EGT kuma ma'auni ne na lafiyar injin a cikin injin turbin gas (duba ƙasa).
Injin sanyi
A cikin mintuna biyu (2) na farko bayan fara injin motar da ba a sarrafa ta tsawon sa'o'i da yawa ba, yawan hayakin na iya yin yawa sosai. Wannan yana faruwa saboda manyan dalilai guda biyu:
Takaitaccen bayanin fitar da fasinja
Kwatanta da ƙa'idodin fitarwa na Turai EURO III kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a watan Oktoba shekarata 2000
A cikin shekarata 2000, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta fara aiwatar da ƙarin ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don abubuwan hawa masu haske. An fara aiwatar da buƙatun tun da farko da motocin 2004 kuma ana buƙatar duk sabbin motoci da manyan motoci don cika ƙa'idodin da aka sabunta a ƙarshen shekarar 2007.
Jerin Sunayen Kogunan Sin
An tsara wannan jerin sunayen kogunan da ba su cika ratsa ta China ba gwargwadon ruwan da kowanne kogi ke Ƙwarara cikinsa, yana kuma farawa da Tekun Okhotsk a arewa maso gabas, yana tafiya ta agogo ta kan taswira yana ƙarewa da Tekun Arctic.
Fitar gurbataccen hayakin gas
Wutar lantarki da injunan Diesel
A cikin injunan kunna walƙiya ana kiran iskar gas da ke fitowa daga konewar mai da iskan iska. Haɗin ya bambanta daga man fetur zuwa injin dizal, amma yana kusa da waɗannan matakan: Oxygen 10% na "dizal" mai yiyuwa ne idan injin yana aiki, misali a cikin injin gwaji. Ya ragu sosai idan injin yana aiki a ƙarƙashin kaya, kodayake injunan diesel koyaushe suna aiki tare da wuce gona da iri akan mai.Abubuwan da ke injunan mai ya bambanta daga ~ 15 ppm don ingin ingantaccen injin tare da allurar mai da mai canzawa zuwa kimanin 100,000 ppm (10%) don ingin carburetor mai ɗorewa, kamar yawanci ana samuwa akan ƙananan janareta da lambun. kayan aiki.
Nitromethane ƙari
Gas da ke fitowa daga injin konewa na ciki wanda man ya ƙunshi [nitromethane] zai ƙunshi tururi [nitric acid] mai lalata, kuma idan an shaka yana haifar da motsin tsoka yana sa ba za a iya numfashi ba. Mutanen da za su iya kamuwa da shi ya kamata su sanya abin rufe fuska na gas.
Injin jet da injunan roka
A cikin injunan jet da injunan roka, shaye-shaye daga nozzles wanda a wasu aikace-aikacen ke nuna lu'ulu'u masu girgiza.
Injin tururi
A cikin kalmomin injin tururi shaye-shaye shi ne tururi wanda yanzu ya ragu sosai wanda ba zai iya yin aiki mai amfani ba.
BA x
Mono- nitrogen oxides NO da NO 2 ( NOx ) (ko an samar da wannan hanya ko ta hanyar walƙiya ) suna amsawa tare da ammonia, danshi, da sauran mahadi don samar da tururi na nitric acid da abubuwan da suka danganci. Ƙananan barbashi na iya shiga zurfi cikin ƙwayar huhu mai mahimmanci kuma su lalata shi, haifar da mutuwa da wuri a cikin matsanancin yanayi. Shakar NO nau'in yana ƙara haɗarin kansar huhu da kansar launin fata. da shakar irin wannan barbashi na iya haifar ko dagula cututtuka na numfashi kamar su emphysema da mashako da cututtukan zuciya.
Mahalli maras tabbas
Lokacin da oxides na nitrogen (NOx) da mahaɗaɗɗen kwayoyin halitta (VOCs) suka amsa a gaban hasken rana, an samar da matakin ozone na ƙasa, wani abu na farko a cikin smog. Rahoton EPA na Amurkan shekarata 2005 ya ba da motocin tituna a matsayin tushe na biyu mafi girma na VOCs a Amurka a kashi 26% da 19% daga kayan aikin da ba na hanya ba ne waɗanda galibi gidajen mai da dizal ne. Kashi 27% na fitar da VOC daga abubuwan kaushi ne waɗanda ake amfani da su a masana'antar fenti da fenti da sauran abubuwan amfani.
Ozone
Ozone yana da amfani a sararin sama, amma a matakin ƙasa ozone yana fusata tsarin numfashi, yana haifar da tari, shaƙa, da rage ƙarfin huhu. Har ila yau, yana da mummunan tasiri a ko'ina cikin yanayin halittu.
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Guba monoxide shi ne mafi yawan nau'in gubar iska mai saurin kisa a ƙasashe da yawa. Carbon monoxide ba shi da launi, mara wari kuma marar ɗanɗano, amma mai guba sosai. Ya haɗu da haemoglobin don samar da carboxyhemoglobin, wanda ke toshe jigilar iskar oxygen. A mafi yawan abubuwan da ke sama da 1000ppm ana ɗaukarsa nan da nan yana da haɗari kuma shine mafi haɗarin lafiya nan take daga injuna aiki a cikin sarari mara kyau. A cikin shekarata 2011, 52% na iskar carbon monoxide an ƙirƙira su ta hanyar motocin hannu a cikin Amurka
Gurbatacciyar iska (masu guba)
Tsawon lokaci (dogon lokaci) bayyanar benzene ( C <sub id="mwAWQ">6 H <sub id="mwAWU">6  ) yana lalata bargon kashi. Hakanan zai iya haifar da zubar da jini mai yawa da kuma rage karfin garkuwar jiki, yana kara yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta. Benzene yana haifar da cutar sankarar bargo kuma yana da alaƙa da wasu cututtukan daji na jini da pre-ciwon daji na jini.
Matsalolin musamman (PM 10 da PM 2.5 )
An yi nazari sosai kan illolin shakar iska a cikin mutane da dabbobi kuma sun haɗa da asma, ciwon huhu, al'amuran zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, mutuwa da wuri. Saboda girman ɓangarorin, za su iya shiga cikin mafi zurfin ɓangaren huhu. Wani bincike na Burtaniya na shekarar 2011 ya kiyasta mutuwar mutane 90 a kowace shekara saboda motar fasinja PM. A cikin littafin 2006, Hukumar Kula da manyan tituna ta Amurka (FHWA) ta bayyana cewa a cikin shekarata 2002 kusan kashi 1 cikin 100 na duk PM 10 da kashi 2 cikin ɗari na duk hayaƙin PM 2.5 sun fito ne daga hayakin motocin da ke kan hanya (mafi yawa daga dizal . injuna ).
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
Carbon dioxide iskar gas ce. Fitar da motocin CO 2 wani ɓangare ne na gudummawar ɗan adam don haɓaka yawan CO 2 a cikin yanayi wanda bisa ga yawancin al'ummomin kimiyya ke haifar da canjin yanayi. Ana ƙididdige motocin motoci don samar da kusan kashi 20% na hayaƙin CO 2 na Tarayyar Turai da mutum ya yi, tare da motocin fasinja suna ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 12%. Matsayin fitar da hayaki na Turai yana iyakance fitar da CO 2 sabbin motocin fasinja da motocin haske. Matsakaicin adadin sabbin motocin CO 2 na Tarayyar Turai ya ragu da kashi 5.4% a cikin shekara zuwa kwata na farko na shekarar 2010, zuwa 145.6 g/km.
Turin ruwa
Shaye-shayen abin hawa ya ƙunshi tururin ruwa da yawa.
Farfadowar ruwa
An gudanar da bincike kan hanyoyin da sojoji a cikin hamada za su iya kwato ruwan sha daga iskar hayakin motocinsu.
Rage gurbatar yanayi
Matsayin fitar da iska yana mai da hankali kan rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iskar gas ɗin da ke fitar da hayaki daga ababen hawa da kuma tarin iskar gas na masana'antu da sauran wuraren shayewar iska a manyan wuraren masana'antu daban-daban kamar matatun mai, masana'antar sarrafa iskar gas, masana'antar mai da masana'antar samar da sinadarai. . Duk da haka, ana kiran waɗannan sau da yawa a matsayin iskar hayaƙi. Masu juyawa a cikin motoci suna da niyya don lalata gurɓataccen iskar gas ta amfani da mai kara kuzari. Masu gogewa a cikin jiragen ruwa sun yi niyya don cire sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) na iskar hayakin ruwa. Dokokin game da hayakin sulfur dioxide na ruwa suna daɗa ƙarfi, duk da haka kaɗan ne kawai na wurare na musamman a duniya aka tsara don ƙarancin amfani da man dizal sulfur kawai, domin kawo saukin gurɓatar yanayi.
Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin da ake da'awa ga injunan fasahar tururi na ci gaba shine cewa suna samar da ƙananan gurɓatattun abubuwa masu guba (misali oxides na nitrogen) fiye da injinan man dizal masu ƙarfi iri ɗaya. mafi girman adadin carbon dioxide amma ƙasa da carbon monoxide saboda ingantaccen konewa.
Karatun lafiya
Masu bincike daga Jami'ar California, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Los Angeles sun ce sakamakon farko na binciken kididdiga na yara da aka jera a cikin rajistar cutar daji ta California da aka haifa tsakanin shekarun 1998 da 2007 sun gano cewa gurɓacewar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na iya haɗuwa da haɓakar 5% zuwa 15%. yiyuwar wasu ciwon daji. Wani bincike da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta gudanar ya gano cewa hayakin diesel na haifar da karuwar cutar kansar huhu.
Tasirin gida
Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Jiragen Sama ta California ta gano a cikin binciken cewa kimanin 50% ko fiye na gurɓataccen iska ( smog ) a Kudancin California yana faruwa ne saboda hayakin mota. ke fitowa daga injunan konewa na iya yin girma musamman a kusa da tsaka-tsakin sigina saboda raguwa da hanzari. Samfuran kwamfuta sau da yawa suna rasa irin wannan dalla-dalla.
Dam ɗin Albasini
Dam ɗin Albasini, dam ne da ke wajen garin Louis Trichardt, lardin Limpopo, a Afirka ta Kudu. Dam ɗin yana da ƙarfin 25200000 m3, da fili mai faɗin 3.572 km2. Katangar ita ce 34 m babba.
An sanya wa dam ɗin sunan João Albasini (1813-1888).
Don ƙarin bayani game da kamun kifi a Dam ɗin Albasini ziyarci Albasinidam.co.za
Dam ɗin Kouga
Dam ɗin Kouga, wani babban dam ne a kan kogin Kouga kimanin 21 km yamma da Patensie a karamar hukumar Kouga, Afirka ta Kudu. Yana ba da ruwan ban ruwa ga kwarin Kouga da Gamtoos da kuma ruwan sha zuwa yankin babban birnin Port Elizabeth ta madatsar ruwan Loerie Balancing. An gina shi tsakanin shekarar 1957 zuwa ta 1969.
Ana iya samun damar dam ɗin ta bin waɗannan R330 sannan kuma R331 daga N2 a Humansdorp. Duk sai dai 8 km hanya ce mai kwalta kuma akwai ɗan gajeren rami kusa da bangon dam.
An sanya masa suna Paul Sauer Dam bayan Paul Sauer, amma an sake masa suna a shekarar 1995.
Kouga Dam Power Station
Akwai injinan lantarki mai ƙarfin kVA guda uku a gindin dam ɗin, amma a halin yanzu ba a amfani da su.
Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye
[[File:Les_Très_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_mars.jpg|thumb|420x420px| Ana yin noma akan manor ducal na Faransa a cikin Maris
Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, c.1410]] Manorialism, wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin manor ko tsarin manorial,  shine hanyar mallakar filaye (ko " lokaci ") a sassan Turai, musamman Ingila, a lokacin Tsakiyar birni. Siffofinsa sun haɗa da katafaren gida mai da kuma ƙaƙƙarfan katafaren gida a wasu lokutan wanda ubangidan mazauna da waɗanda suka dogara da shi ke zaune tare da gudanar da ƙauye, da yawan ma’aikatan da ke aikin a ƙasar da ke kewaye da su don tallafa wa kansu da iyayen gidan su, Waɗannan ma'aikatan sun cika aikinsu tare da lokacin aiki ko kayan amfanin gona da farko, kuma daga baya ta hanyar biyan kuɗi yayin da ayyukan kasuwanci ke ƙaruwa. Manorialism wani lokaci ana haɗa shi cikin ma'anar feudalism.
Manorialism ya samo asali ne a cikin tsarin ƙauyen Roman na Marigayi Roman Empire, kuma an yi shi sosai a yammacin tsakiyar tsakiyar Turai da sassan tsakiyar Turai. Wani muhimmin abu na al'ummar feudal, an maye gurbinsa a hankali ta hanyar zuwan tattalin arzikin kasuwa mai tushen kuɗi da sabbin hanyoyin kwangilar aikin noma.
A cikin nazarin asalin ma'auni na sufi, Walter Horn ya gano cewa "a matsayin ma'auni mai mahimmanci, gidan sufi na Carolingian . ... ba su da ɗan bambanci da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan kadarori, sai dai ƙungiyoyin jama’ar maza waɗanda sune wannan ƙungiya ta ci gaba da ciyar da su sun ƙunshi sufaye waɗanda suke bauta wa Allah cikin waƙa kuma suna kashe lokaci mai yawa a karatu da rubutu.”
Manorialism ya mutu sannu a hankali kuma a ɗan ɗan gajeren lokaci, tare da mafi kyawun fasalinsa a cikin shimfidar wuri, tsarin filin budewa. Kuma Ya wuce zarcewa a ma'anar cewa ya ci gaba da ma'aikata masu zaman kansu. A matsayin tsarin tattalin arziki, ya wuce feudalism, a cewar Andrew Jones, saboda "zai iya rike jarumi, amma kuma yana iya kula da mai mallakar jari-hujja . Yana iya zama mai dogaro da kansa, samar da amfanin gona ga kasuwa, ko kuma yana iya samar da hayar kuɗi." Ƙarshen hukunce-hukunce na ƙarshe a Faransa an soke su a juyin juya halin Faransa. Yo A wasu sassan gabashin Jamus, gidajen Rittergut na Junkers sun kasance har zuwa yakin duniya na biyu. A Quebec, an biya hayar feudal na ƙarshe a cikin shekarar 1970 a ƙarƙashin gyare-gyaren tanadi na Dokar Kawar da Hulɗa ta Seigniorial na shekarata 1935.
Rarraba tarihi da yanki
An fi amfani da kalmar tare da la'akari da tsakiyar yammacin Turai. Abubuwan da suka gabata na tsarin za a iya gano su zuwa tattalin arzikin karkara na Daular Rome daga baya ( Mallaka ). Tare da raguwar yawan haihuwa da yawan jama'a, aiki shine babban abin da ake samarwa. Gwamnonin da suka biyo baya sun yi ƙoƙarin daidaita tattalin arziƙin daular ta hanyar daskarewa tsarin zamantakewa: ’ya’ya maza ne za su gaji ubanninsu a kasuwancinsu, an hana kansiloli yin murabus, kuma ’yan mulkin mallaka, masu noman ƙasa, ba za su ƙaura daga ƙasar da aka haɗa su ba. kuma Ma'aikatan ƙasar suna kan hanyarsu ta zama masu aikin safa.
Abubuwa da yawa sun haɗa kai don haɗa matsayin tsoffin bayi da tsoffin manoma masu 'yanci zuwa rukunin dogaro na irin wannan mulkin mallaka : yana yiwuwa a kwatanta shi da servus et colonus, "duka bawa da colonus ". Dokokin Constantine I a kusa da kashi 325 duka sun ƙarfafa matsayin masu zaman kansu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun iyakance haƙƙinsu na yin ƙara a cikin kotuna; Codex Theodosianus da aka yi shelar ƙarƙashin Theodosius II ya tsawaita waɗannan hane-hane. Matsayin doka na adscripti, "daure zuwa ƙasa", ya bambanta da foederati na barbarian, waɗanda aka ba su izinin zama a cikin iyakokin daular, suna ƙarƙashin nasu dokar gargajiya.
Yayin da masarautun Jamus suka gaji ikon mulkin Romawa a yammacin karni na biyar, masu mallakar gidaje na Romawa sau da yawa kawai an maye gurbinsu da na Jamusanci, ba tare da wani canji ba ga yanayin da ke cikin ƙasa ko ƙaura daga jama'a.
Tsarin dogaro da kai ya samu karbuwa ba zato ba tsammani a karni na takwas (8), sa’ad da kasuwancin da aka saba yi a tekun Mediterrenean ya lalace. Rubutun da masanin tarihin Belgian Henri Pirenne ya gabatar yana tsammanin cewa mamayar Larabawa ta tilastawa tattalin arzikin tsakiyar zamanai ya zama mafi girman kauye, kuma ya haifar da yanayin kabilanci na feudal na mabambantan ma'aikata masu zaman kansu da ke a karkashin tsarin cibiyoyin iko.
Bayani
Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga sassa na gargajiya da aka gada na karkara, an sake sanya su a matsayin hukunce-hukuncen gida da aka sani da manors ko seigneuries ; Kuma kowane manor yana ƙarƙashin ubangiji (Faransa seigneur ), yawanci yana riƙe da matsayinsa don mayar da ayyukan da aka miƙa wa ubangiji mafi girma (duba Feudalism ). Ubangiji ya gudanar da wani kotun manorial</b>, karkashin dokar jama'a da na gida al'ada. Sannan Ba duk ƴan ƙasa ba ne na duniya; Bishops da abbats kuma suna riƙe da filaye waɗanda suka haɗa da wajibai iri ɗaya.
A tsawo, kalmar manor wani lokaci ana amfani da ita a cikin Ingila don nufin kowane yanki na gida ko yanki da ke da iko a cikinsa, sau da yawa a cikin 'yan sanda ko mahallin laifi.