cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Shakira
2016 – yanzu: El Dorado da Super Bowl LIV
A watan Fabrairu na 2020, ita da Jennifer Lopez sun yi wasan share fage na wasan Super Bowl LIV. A cewar <i id="mwAqU">Billboard</i>, wasan rabin-lokaci yana da ra'ayin mutane miliyan 103. A YouTube, ya zama mafi yawan wasan kwaikwayon hutun lokaci a wancan lokaci. Game da wakokinta, Shakira ta faɗi cewa, "kiɗan da nake yi, ina tsammanin, haɗuwa ne da abubuwa daban-daban. Kuma koyaushe ina yin gwaji. Don haka na yi kokarin kada in takaita kaina, ko sanya kaina a wani rukuni, ko ... kasance mai zanen gidan kaso na. " Shakira ta faɗi a koyaushe cewa ta yi wahayi zuwa ga waƙar juyayi da waƙar Indiya, waɗanda suka rinjayi yawancin ayyukanta na baya. Har ila yau, al'adunta na larabawa sun yi tasiri a kansu, wanda hakan babban abin alfahari ne ga nasarar da ta samu a duniya da ta buga " Ojos Así ". Ta gaya wa Talabijin na Portuguese, "Yawancin ƙungiyoyi na sun kasance al'adun Arabiya ne." Ta kuma ambaci iyayenta da cewa sun kasance manyan masu bayar da gudummawa ga salon rawarta. Tana kuma yin tasiri sosai ta kade-kade ta Andean da kade- kaden gargajiya na Kudancin Amurka, ta yin amfani da kayan kida don wakokin Latin-pop-Latin.
Gbenro Ajibade
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ya halarci makarantar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Makurɗi sannan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Mount Saint Gabriels. Daga nan ya kamalla karatunsa inda ya kammala karatunsa a jami'ar jihar Benue inda ya sami digiri a fannin ilmin halitta.
Birayma Kuran Kan
Birayma Kuran Kan (wanda ya yi sarauta daga shekarar c.1488 – c.1492) shi ne kuma wanda yayi mulki na tara a masarautar Burba, na Mulkin Jolof.
Shakira
2016 – yanzu: El Dorado da Super Bowl LIV
albunan ta na Spanish na baya, ciki har da Pies Descalzos da Dónde Están los Ladrones? kasance wani mix na jama'a kiɗan da Latin dutsen. Kundin kundin turanci na Girka, Laundry Service da kuma kundin albums daga baya ya rinjayi pop pop da pop Latino. "Sabis ɗin wanki" shine farko album na dutsen pop, amma kuma yana jawo tasiri daga nau'ikan nau'ikan kiɗa. Mawaƙar ta yaba da wannan ga ƙabarta da aka hade ta, tana cewa: "Ni mai rikicewa ne. Wannan na ne. Ni sabani ne tsakanin baƙar fata da fari, tsakanin pop da dutsen, tsakanin al'adu - tsakanin mahaifina na Lebanon da kuma mahaifiyar mahaifiyata ta Sifen, wasan gargajiya na Columbia da kidan Arab da nake ƙauna da kidan Amurika. "
Gbenro Ajibade
Tarihin Rayuwa
Jarumi ne a shahararren wasan opera na sabulun Tinsel kuma yayi wasan kwaikwayo a Gbomo Gbomo Express da The Wages.
Birayma N'dyeme Eter
Birayma N'dyeme Eter (wanda ya yi sarauta daga shekarar c.1465 – c.1481) shine sarki na bakwai, ko Burba, na Mulkin Jolof.
Magda Renner
Magda Elisabeth Nygaard Renner (da aka sani da Magda Renner ) ( Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul; an haife ta a shekara ta 1926 - ta mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Octoban shekara ta 2016)  yar asalin Brazil ce, mai fafutukar kare muhalli, da kuma ilmin yanayin kasa.
Magda Renner ta fara aikinta na kiyaye muhalli tare da haɗin gwiwar "Ação Democrática Feminina Gaúcha" (ADFG) a shekarar 1964, tare da takwararta mai kula da muhalli Giselda Castro. Bayan halartar wani taro mai taken "The hudu ka'idodi na da lafiyar qasa" ta muhalli José Lutzenberger a Association of Agronomists a shekara ta 1972, Renner aka kara yi wahayi zuwa ga tafiyar da muhalli haddasawa. Asali an kirkireshi azaman motsi "na mata don mata", ADFG daga baya ya zama "Núcleo Amigos da Terra Brasil" (NAT / Brasil), kungiyar farar hula wacce take da sha'awar jama'a da kuma aka sadaukar domin kare muhalli, ci gaba mai dorewa da adalci na zamantakewar. NAT / Brasil ya shiga cikin Abokan Duniya na Duniya a shekara ta 1983.
Wasu daga cikin mahimman wuraren aikinta sun haɗa da gwagwarmaya don al'ummu masu ɗorewa, tare da kariya ga yankunan bakin teku, ruwaye, yanayi da gandun daji. Kamfen din Renner ya mai da hankali kan amfani da sakamakon haka kuma samar da datti da sake sarrafa shi a matakin gida. Ayyukanta sun hada da yakar jan ruwan da ya fada tekun Rio Grande do Sul a cikin shekara ta 1970 sakamakon nutsewar wani jirgin ruwa dauke da sinadarai masu guba a gabar Uruguay; bayan takaddama game da wannan taron, sunan ADFG koyaushe yana da alaƙa da yaƙi da magungunan ƙwari. Renner yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa cibiyar sadarwar ƙasa da ƙasa game da cin zarafin magungunan ƙwari, Cibiyar Kula da Magungunan Magunguna (PAN), kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilinta a gaban Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dokokin Amurka a shekarar 1985.
Gbenro Ajibade
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ajibade ya lashe Gwarzon Jarumi/Model Na Shekara a Kyautar Kyautar Model Achievers na 2011.
Magda Renner
Renner ya kuma yi kamfen kan adawa da binne sharar daga Porto Alegre a tsibirin Kogin Guaíba. Aikinta a can da kuma karin martabar sunanta, tare da yakin neman zabe da wasu kungiyoyin kare muhalli suka yi, ya haifar da kirkirar Banhados do Delta Biological Reserve. Renner ta koyi inganta sakonninta ta hanyar wayar salula, kananan takardu akan tituna, da jaridu a wajan ginshikan zamantakewar, tare da tallafin dangin ta.
Gbenro Ajibade
Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya auri Osas Ighodaro, tare, suna da diya daya, Azariah Tiwatope Osarugue Ajibade. Sun rabu a 2019 bayan shekaru hudu da aure.
Shakira
2016 – yanzu: El Dorado da Super Bowl LIV
Abubuwan larabawa da na Gabas ta Tsakiya waɗanda suka yi tasiri sosai akan Dónde Están los Ladrones? Har ila yau suna nan a cikin Sabis na Laundry, galibi a kan "Eyes like Yours" / "Ojos Así". Hanyoyin kiɗa daga ƙasashe Kudancin Amurka sun haɗu akan kundin. Tango, wani salon rawa mai cike da rawa da sauri wanda ya samo asali daga Argentina, ya fito fili a kan "Objection (Tango)", wanda kuma ya hada abubuwan dutsen da kuma zane. A uptempo hanya siffofi da wani guitar solo da wata gada a wadda Shakira kai rap -like maher.
Magda Renner
A cikin 1974, aikin Renner ya ba ta lambar yabo ta coabi'a a cikin byabi'ar Jarida ta Brazil Zero Hora. A cikin 1980s, ta gudanar da Zanga-zanga a kan matsalolin da suka samo asali daga shigar da unungiyar Triunfo Petrochemical Complex, wanda ya ƙare har ya taimaka wa rukunin kamfanoni su zama abin misali na alhakin muhalli. Shiga cikin Renner tare da ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli na duniya ya fara ne tare da gayyatar zuwa Amurka ta Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Rio Grande do Sul, inda ta fara haɗuwa da Abokan Duniya, kuma bayan haka ne aka gayyaci ADFG don zama ɓangare na Abokai na Duniya na Duniya. Bayan hadewar ne ADFG ya baiwa maza damar shiga.
Shakira
2016 – yanzu: El Dorado da Super Bowl LIV
She Wolf ita ce kundin tsari na electropop wanda ya haɗu da tasiri daga tsarin kide kide na ƙasashe da yankuna daban-daban, kamar Afirka, Kolumbia, Indiya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Shakira cinye da album a matsayin "Sonic gwaji tafiya", ya ce cewa ta gudanar da bincike kaden daga kasashe daban-daban domin "hada lantarki da duniya sauti, kuwaru, clarinets, na Gabas kuma Hindu music, Dancehall, da dai sauransu" Kwakwalwar ta 2010, Sale el Sol, dawowa ne ga farkonta wanda ya kunshi balands, waƙoƙin dutsen, da waƙoƙin Latin kamar " Loca ".
Magda Renner
Rikicin Renner game da muhalli ya yanke hukunci yayin tsara Tsarin Mulki na 1988. An gayyace ta da shiga Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta kasa da zarar an kafa ta, amma ta ki; An sake gayyatar Renner lokacin da José Lutzenberger yake Ministan Muhalli, kuma ta karɓa. A wannan lokacin, Magda Renner ta halarci wakiliyar Brazil a cikin kwamitin masu zaman kansu na Bankin Duniya don Sake Gyara da Ci Gaban.
A shekara ta 2012 majalisar dokoki ta Rio Grande do Sul, bisa kudirin 'yar majalisa Marisa Formolo, sun kirkiro "Kyautar Hilda Zimmermann, Giselda Castro da Magda Renner Ecology Pioneers Award" wanda ke nuna matakan kare muhalli. A cewar Formolo, 'sunan kyautar wata hanya ce ta girmamawa ga mata wadanda koyaushe ke da matsalar kula da muhalli. Har ila yau, muna son girmamawa ga waɗannan manyan jarumawan uku na ɗabi'ar muhalli, waɗanda a cikin mawuyacin lokaci suka ɗauki matakan kare muhalli '.
Shakira
2016 – yanzu: El Dorado da Super Bowl LIV
Lokacin yana yarinya, Shakira ya rinjayi kiɗan kiɗan dutsen, yana sauraron manyan kiɗa kamar Led Zeppelin, Beatles, Nirvana, 'Yan Sanda da U2,  yayin da sauran tasirinsa sun haɗa da Gloria Estefan, Madonna, Sheryl Crow, Alanis Morissette, Marc Anthony, Meredith Brooks da The Cure.
Birayma Dyeme-Kumba
Birayma Dyeme-Kumba (wanda ya yi sarauta c.a shekarar 1527 – c.1543) ya kasance sarki na goma sha ɗaya a masarautar Burba, na Daular Jolof.
Shakira
Rawa
Shakira sanannu ne saboda rawar da take yi a cikin bidiyon kide-kide iri-iri da kuma kide-kide. Yunkurin da ta yi ya danganta ne da yanayin wasan rawa, wani bangare ne na al'adun Lebanon. Kullum tana yin daddare ; Shakira ta ce ta koyi irin wannan rawar yayin ƙuruciya tun ƙuruciya don shawo kan jin kunya. Ta kuma ambata a cikin wata hira ta MTV cewa ta koyi yadda ake ciki rawar ciki ta ƙoƙarin jefa wani tsabar kudin tare da ita.
Magda Renner
Idan aka dauki wani mutum mai kwarjini da iya magana, Renner ya zama daya daga cikin masu kyan gani game da muhalli a cikin jihar. Tatsuniyarta da ta Giselda Castro, an ruwaito ta cikin shirin " Substantivo Feminino ", ta ɗan jarida Daniela Sallet, tare da shaidu daga masu fafutuka na Brazil da baƙi.
Shakira
Rawa
Sabanin rawar rawar Shakira an ce ta kebanta da ita a masana'antar da ta haɗu da rawar tsakiyar Gabas ta Tsakiya da rawar Latin. An ambaci rawar gwiwa hip a cikin waƙoƙi, kamar Fifth Harmony 's “Brave Honest kyakkyawa kyakkyawa”.
HOTO
Magda Renner
Ta auri ɗan kasuwa Otto Renner, ɗan AJ Renner, ɗayan manyan entreprenean kasuwa a Rio Grande do Sul. Tare da mijinta tana da yara Telma, Felicitas, Cristiano da Mathias. Ta mutu a shekara ta 2016 saboda cutar Alzheimer, wacce aka gano shekaru 13 da suka gabata.
Shakira
Nasarori
Shakira ta sami lambobin yabo da yabo da yawa ga aikinta. Shakira ta sayar da fiye da miliyan 75 na rikodin duniya. Tsarin Kayan Watsa Labarai na Nielsen ya ce " Hips Kada Kuyi Layi " shine mafi kyawun waƙar da aka fi so a cikin mako guda a tarihin rediyo na Amurka. An buga shi sau 9,637 cikin sati daya. Shakira ta zama mawaki na farko a tarihin zane-zane na Billboard wanda ya sami lambar kwatankwacin lamba ta biyu akan Manyan Maina na 40 da kuma Yarjejeniyar Latin a cikin mako guda tare da yin haka "Hips Kada Kuyi Layi". Ari ga haka, ita kaɗai ce ɗan zane daga Kudancin Amurka da ta isa wurin lamba-aya a jerin Billboard Hot 100 na Amurka, jadawalin ARIA na Australiya, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Singles UK.
Waƙarta " La Tortura " a lokaci ɗaya ta riƙe rikodin don ginshiƙi na Billboard's Hot Latin Tracks ginshiƙi, yana fitowa a lamba-daya fiye da kowane guda tare da jimlar makonni 25 ba a jere ba, rakodin da a yanzu Enrique Iglesias ke riƙe da shi " Bailando "tare da makonni 41. Nokia ta bayyana a cikin shekarar 2010, cewa akwai karin waƙoƙin Shakira a cikin shekarar da ta gabata fiye da kowane mawakiyar Latino a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, kuma She Wolf ta kasance a cikin manyan abubuwanda aka saukar da 10 Latino. A shekarar 2010, ta kasance lamba 5 a kan '' Video Video's Mafi Yawancin Kwalliyar Horar da Mazauni na shekarar 2010 'tare da ra'ayoyi 404,118,932. A shekarar 2011, an karrama Shakira a Latin Grammys a matsayin Mutumin Cibiyar Rajista na Latin na shekarar 2011. Hakanan ta sami tauraro akan Hollywood Walk of Fame wacce take a 6270 Hollywood Blvd. Tun da farko, an ba ta tauraruwa ne akan Hollywood Walk of Fame a shekarar 2004, amma ta ki karbar tayin. A shekarar 2012, ta samu karramawar ta Chevalier De L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. A cikin 2014, Shakira ya zama wasan kwaikwayon kiɗa na farko da ya yi sau uku a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA. A wannan shekarar, Aleiodes shakirae, an sanya sunan wani sabon nau'in cutar parasitic bayan ta saboda yana sa mai masaukin ya 'girgiza kuma yayi biris'
A cikin shekarar 2018, Spotify ta hada Shakira a cikin jerin manyan 10 mata masu zane-zane mata na shekaru goma akan dandamali, wanda ya sanya ta zama mafi girman zane-zane na Latin. Yanzu ta cancanci dala miliyan 300.
Monumenti
A shekara ta 2006, an sanya wani mutum-mutumi mai tsini shida, tsayin kafa 16 na Shakira wanda mawakiyar Jamusawa Dieter Patt ya kafa a Barranquilla ta mahaifar Shakira a wurin shakatawa kusa da Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez, inda Shakira ta yi yayin Tafiya Gyarawar Oral. A watan Yuli na shekarar 2018 Shakira ta ziyarci Tannourine a Lebanon wanda shi ne ƙauyen iyayen kakarta. A yayin ziyarar Shakira ta ziyarci cibiyar ajiyar dabbobi a Tannourine, inda aka sanya mata wani fili a gandun daji, suna riƙe da suna “Shakira Isabelle Mebarak”
Legacy
Shakira fitacciyar mawakiya ce a waƙar Latin, kuma haɓakarta ga kasuwannin duniya ita ce irin da jaridar New York Times ta kirata da "Titan of Latin Pop" saboda matsayinta na musamman kuma jagorar kida a cikin kidan Latin tana cewa "Shakira ta titan Latin pop ce. . Duk da cewa sababbin tsararrun masu fasahar masu magana da harshen Spanish suna tsallaka zuwa fagen wakokin Amurka, fitowar Shakira ita kadai. ” Haka kuma, Forbes tana daukar Shakira a matsayin “abin mamaki” saboda nasarar da ba ta iya cim ma ta  da daya daga cikin Latinas mafi karfi a duniya.  Kwakwalwarta wacce ba a taɓa gani ba ta sa wa sauran masu fasaha na Latin Amurka ƙoƙarin hayewa, misali guda ɗaya shine tauraruwar mawakiyar Mexico Paulina Rubio, tana da MTV tana cewa "babu wata tambaya cewa Shakira ta buɗe ƙofofin a wannan ƙasa don masu zane-zane kamar Rubio su yi nasara."  Bayan crossover, kasancewarta ta duniya da kuma yadda take kasancewa ta zama babba don <i id="mwA28">mujallar TIME</i> ta kira Shakira a matsayin "tatsuniyar tatsuniya."
Yawancin masu zane-zane sun ambaci Shakira a matsayin gumakansu ko kuma wahayi kuma suna shafar ta, kamar Beyoncé, Rihanna,  Lauren Jauregui,  Rita Ora,  Justin Bieber,  Maluma,  Karol G,  Natti Natasha,  Lele Pons,  Andres Cuervo,  da Camila Cabello.
Sauran hanyoyin
Shakira ya shiga cikin sauran kasuwanni da masana'antu da yawa. Ta yi aiki ne a cikin gidan Telebijin na El Columbia a shekarar 1994, tare da halayen Luisa Maria.
Shakira ta fara layin nata mai kyau, " S ta Shakira ", tare da kamfanin iyayen Puig, a shekara ta 2010. Daga cikin turare na farko da ta fitar sun hada da "S ta Shakira" da "S ta Shakira Eau Florale", tare da kayan shafawa da feshin jiki. Tun daga shekarar 2019, ta fitar da kamshi guda 30, baya kirga ire-iren gasa. A 17 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2015, an nuna ta a matsayin tsuntsu mai iya samarwa a cikin wasan Angry Birds POP! na karamin lokaci, kuma a cikin gasa ta musamman a wasan Angry Birds abokai bayan makwanni kadan. A 15 Oktoba 2015, Love Rocks wanda aka yiwa wajan Shakira shine wasan bidiyo na farko da ya nuna tauraron pop.
A 14 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2015, a Disney 's D23 Expo, an ba da sanarwar cewa Shakira za ta taka rawa a cikin fim din Zootopia na Disney ; Za ta yi wa Gazelle babbar murya a Zootopia. Shakira kuma ta ba da gudummawar waƙa ta asali ga fim ɗin, mai taken " Gwada Komai ", wanda Sia da Stargate suka rubuta kuma suka haɗa shi. Wannan ya buɗe wa ofishin nasara rikodin ofishi a ƙasashe da yawa kuma ya sami ribar sama da $ 1 a duk duniya  biliyan, wanda ya sa ya zama fim na huɗu mafi girma na shekara ta 2016 da fim na 43 mafi girma-na kowane lokaci.
Aiki agaji da siyasa
A shekara ta 1997, Shakira ta kafa gidauniyar Pies Descalzos, wata cibiyar ba da gudummawa ta Colombia tare da makarantu na musamman ga yara matalauta a duk ƙasar Colombia. Shakira da sauran kungiyoyi na duniya da daidaikun mutane sun tallata shi. An dauki sunan kafuwar daga kundin zane-zane na Shakira na uku, Pies Descalzos, wanda ta saki a 1995. Babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali a kai shine tallafawa ta hanyar ilimi, kuma kungiyar tana da makarantu guda biyar a duk fadin Columbia wadanda ke ba da ilimi da abinci ga yara 4,000. A 27 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2014 Shakira ta sami karimci tare da Gwarzon Hero a Kyautar Rawar Rediyon Sadarwa na Radio Disney saboda aikinta na Fundación Pies Descalzos.
A ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2018, yayin wata ziyara zuwa mahaifarta, Barranquilla, don gina makaranta ta hanyar Barefoot Foundation (Pies Descalzos Foundation), Shakira ya yi magana game da manufofin ilimi na gwamnati a ƙarƙashin Ivan Duque (Shugaban Columbia, 2018–2022). Da take magana a kan manufofin gwamnati na rage kasafin kudin ilimi na kasa daga kashi 13% zuwa 7%, ta ce, "Wannan abu ne da ba za a yarda da shi ba. Ya nuna cewa maimakon ci gaba gaba muna tafiya da baya. Muna bukatar kara saka hannun jari a harkar ilimi kuma muna bukatar gina karin makarantu a wuraren da babu '' . Ta kuma yi magana game da rashin daidaituwar zamantakewa da rashin zuwa makaranta.
Rayuwar ta
Shakira ya fara dangantaka da lauya dan kasar Argentina Antonio de la Rúa a shekara ta 2000. A cikin hirar shekarar 2009, Shakira ya ce dangantakar tasu ta riga ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aurata, kuma "ba sa bukatar takaddar hakan".
Shakira ta shiga dangantaka da dan wasan kwallon kafa na Spain Gerard Piqué, wanda ke taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta FC Barcelona da kuma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Sipaniya a shekarar 2011. Piqué, wacce shekarunta sun kai shekaru goma, sun fara haduwa da Shakira a cikin bazarar 2010, lokacin da ya fito a cikin bidiyon kiɗa don waƙar Shakira " Waka Waka (Wannan Lokaci don Afirka) ", wakar hukuma na 2010 FIFA World Cup. Shakira ta haifi ɗa ta fari ta Milan a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2013 a Barcelona, Spain, inda dangin suka koma zama. Shakira ta haifi ɗa na biyu Sasha a ranar 29 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2015.
Tema
Tema birni ne da aka gina a kan ƙaramin ƙauyen kamun kifi. Shugaban kasar Ghana na farko, Kwame Nkrumah ne ya ba Tema aiki, kuma ya bunkasa cikin sauri bayan gina babbar tashar jirgin ruwa a 1961. Garin Tema an tsara shi, an tsara shi kuma an haɓaka shi ta hanyar mai ba da kyautar birni mai tsarawa kuma masanin gine-ginen ƙasar Ghana na farko, Theodore S. Clerk. Yanzu ta kasance babbar cibiyar kasuwanci, gida ga matatar mai da masana'antu da yawa, kuma tana da hanyar Accra da babbar hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Tema na daya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa biyu na kasar ta Ghana, dayan kuma ita ce Sekondi-Takoradi. Tema ya zama Kwamiti mai cin gashin kansa a cikin 1974 kuma an daukaka shi zuwa matsayin Majalisar Babban Birni a cikin Disamba 1990. Tema babban birni ne na Metananan biranen goma sha shida, Mananan hukumomi da Gundumomi a cikin yankin Greater Accra. Lardin Metropolitan ya raba iyaka da Ashaiman Municipal, Adenta Municipal District, da Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal District zuwa yamma bi da bi, ta gabas da Gundumar Kpone Katamanso, zuwa Arewa tare da Yankin Dangme West da kuma Kudu tare da Gulf of Guinea.
Tarihi
An gina Tema ne a wurin wani ƙaramin ƙauyen kamun kifi da ake kira Torman, wanda aka sa wa suna na yankin na tsiron calabash, Tor, wanda aka noma a can. "Tema" ya samo asali ne daga lalacin "Torman". Gwamnati ta gano wurin kafin samun 'yanci, kuma a cikin 1952 ta sayi murabba'in kilomita 166 (64 sq mi) na arewacin arewacin tashar, wanda aka damka wa Kamfanin Bunkasa Tema don sabon ci gaban masana'antu da na zama. Mazauna garin Torman sun yi kaura zuwa wani sabon wurin kamun kifi mai nisan kilomita 3 (kilomita 1.9) daga nesa, wanda suka kira Newtown.
An gina Babban Garin Tema, kuma tashar Tema ta buɗe a hukumance, a cikin 1962. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, Tema ya zama cibiyar masana'antu ta Ghana, tare da ingantaccen tsarin shimfidawa wanda ke dauke da shimfidar wuri da fitilun kan titi. Tana alfahari da cibiyoyin nishaɗin zamani da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa waɗanda ba safai a cikin biranen Afirka ba a lokacin. Shugaba Nkrumah ya nada Theophilus Asiaw Mills a matsayin Kwamishina na Gundumar na farko. Mahimmancin Tema a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa da masana'antar masana'antu ya bayyana ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa Ofishin 'yan sanda na Ghana yana kula da yanki na musamman na' yan sanda wanda aka keɓe ga birnin gaba ɗaya.
Yawan kwararar jama'a ya fara ne a cikin shekarun 1960 saboda damar samun aikin yi a garin, amma Kamfanin Raya Tema ya kasa gina gidaje da samar da wasu ayyuka don biyan bukatun baƙin haure. Girman gundumar Tema Newtown ya cika da hauhawar yawan jama'a, kuma ya zama ɗan uwan ​​talaka na Tema Township, ba tare da karɓar ɗayan ingantattun gidajen ba, hanyoyin da aka shimfida, ko abubuwan more rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, ba a yi amfani da kuɗin da kamfanonin Tema Newtown suka biya don korar ƙauyukan ba saboda wani rikicin shugabanci. Saboda haka ba a yi cikakken amfani da damar kamun kifi a yankin ba.
Yanayi
Tema yana da yanayin mai zafi mai ƙarancin yanayi a ƙarƙashin ƙirar yanayi na Köppen (ƙirar yanayi na Köppen: BSh). Tana cikin yanki mafi bushewa na kudancin Ghana, ana samun ruwan sama kusan shekara daya kimanin milimita 750 (30 a cikin). Matsakaicin yanayin zafi yana da girma duk shekara, galibi yana wuce 30° Celsius.
Manyan kayayyakin masana'antu na garin sun hada da alminiyon, karafa, kifin da aka sarrafa, matatun mai, yadi, sinadarai, kayayyakin abinci, da siminti. Manyan kamfanoni dake aiki a Tema sun hada da Volta Aluminium (VALCO), matatar mai ta Tema (TOR), Nestlé Ghana Ltd., Wahome Karfe Ltd, Tema Shipyard. Hakanan akwai yankin yanki kyauta a Tema.
Tashar jiragen ruwa
Tashar Tema, wacce aka bude a 1962, ita ce mafi girma daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu a Ghana. Tana da yanki mai kewaye da ruwa na murabba'in kilomita 1.7 (0.66 sq mi) da kuma cikakken fili na murabba'in kilomita 3.9 (1.5 sq mi). Baya ga shigo da kayan da Ghana ke fitarwa da kuma fitar da su, hanya ce da ake hada-hadar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, wacce ke hada-hadar jigilar kayayyaki zuwa kasashen Burkina Faso, Mali da Nijar. Tashar Tema tana daukar kashi 80% na kayan shigowa da shigo da kaya na Ghana, gami da babban kamfanin fitarwa na kasar, koko
Tashar tana da kilomita 5 (mil 3.1) na ruwa, da ruwa masu zurfin ruwa 12, da tashar tankar mai ta wuce gona da iri, da shinge, da wuraren adana kaya, da kuma wuraren da ake wucewa. Tashar tana da wuraren da aka rufe da kuma rufe wuraren adana kaya, gami da yankin da aka shimfida 77,200-m2 (hekta 7.72) don adana kwantena, kayayyakin karafa da sauran kayan na yau da kullun. Filin yadi na tashar yana iya ɗaukar sama da 8,000 TEUs a kowane lokaci. Rufe wurin da aka rufe, wanda ya kai kimanin 25,049 m2 (hekta 2.51) a yankin, ya kunshi sheda shida tare da jimlar damar daukar tan dubu 50 na kaya. Har ila yau, tashar jirgin ruwan ta hada da tashar busassun tashar jirgin ruwa da hanya mai sanyuwa ta 100,000. Ana gudanar da tashar jirgin ne ta Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa na Ghana.
Tashar kamun kifi
Ghana ta dade tana da kamun kifi. Tashar kamun kifi ta Tema tana gefen gabashin tashar jirgin ruwan garin. Ya ƙunshi tashar jirgin ruwa na cikin gida, da mashigar ruwa, da tashar jirgin ruwa na waje, da kuma yankin kasuwanci tare da tallace-tallace da wuraren adana sanyi.
An gina tashar jirgin ruwa na kamun kifi tare da babbar tashar Tema a shekarar 1962 don samar da kayan sarrafawa ga jiragen ruwa na masarufi da masana'antu, da kuma karfafa ci gaban masana'antar kamun kifi na gida. A cikin 1965, an gina tashar jirgin ruwa na waje don manyan jiragen ruwa na masana'antu kamar trawlers, jiragen ruwa na tuna, da masu jigilar ruwa. Jiragen ruwan da ke aiki a yankin suna da tsawon mita 30-45 kuma suna iya sayan tan 55-65 na kifi (galibi kifin kifi da sandar kifi da sckere mackerel) a kowace tafiya kamun kifi. Jirgin ruwan tuna yana daga kananun jiragen ruwa kimanin 45-50 m a tsayi, iya saukar da tan 200-250 na kama, zuwa manyan sigar da tsawon 50-65 m da ikon sauka zuwa tan 650 a kowace tafiya kamun kifi. Mafi yawan jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi, masu jigilar ruwa mai zurfin (tare da tsayin 90-105 m), galibi jiragen ruwa ne da aka yi haya. Tun daga 1984, kamun ƙasa ya ƙaddara kimanin tan 200,000 zuwa 300,000 metric tonnes a shekara. Kamawar Tuna a Ghana ya ci gaba da samun daidaito na tan 30,000 a kowace shekara tun daga 1981.
Kogin Canoe yana kula da masunta. Kullum kwandon jirgin ruwa kusan 400 ne ke zaune. Waɗannan galibi nau'uka biyu ne: jiragen ruwa na katako, waɗanda ake kira da suna "Legelege", da kuma ƙarfe. Kwalejojin katako suna da tsayi a kan duka (LOA) tsakanin 30 zuwa 70 m, galibi mallakin byan asalin Ghanaan Ghana ne. Ayyukansu sun ƙaru a cikin watannin Yuni – Satumba. Sana'ar kamun kifin gwangwani na da alhakin kusan kashi 70% na kamun.
Joyce Lambert
Joyce Mildred Lambert (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1916 -ta mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005) masaniyar ilimin tsirrai CE ta kasar Burtaniya. An yaba mata tare da tabbatar da cewa Norfolk Broads mutane ne da aka kirkira..
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Joyce Lambert a ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1916 a 50 Oakbank Grove, Herne Hill, London. Ta kasance 'yar Loftus Sidney Lambert, magatakarda na kamfanin samar da lantarki, kuma daga baya wakilin dillalai, da matarsa, Mildred Emma, née Barker. Ta girma a Brundall, Norfolk, kuma ta yi karatu a Norwich High School for Girls.
A cikin shekara ta 1939, Lambert ya kammala karatun ilimin tsirrai daga Kwalejin Jami'ar Wales, Aberystwyth. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Norwich sai aka naɗa ta a matsayin malama a ilimin tsirrai a Kwalejin Westfield, London. Masanin kimiyyar Norfolk AE (Ted) Ellis da masanin tsirrai na AR Clapham (sannan a Oxford) waɗanda suka ƙarfafa ta a cikin shekara ta 1940s don nazarin ilimin halittun da ke makwabtaka da Kogin Yare a yankin Surlingham - Rockland St Mary na Norfolk.
Gano Kimiyyar
Ta tabbatar da ka'idar Clifford Smith cewa Norfolk Broads na asalin mutum ne, sakamakon yawan hako gwal, kuma ba wata halitta ba kamar yadda masanin ilimin halayyar halittu Joseph Newell Jennings ya kammala kwanan nan. A cikin shekara ta 1952, littafin JN Jennings, The Origin Of The Broads, ƙungiyar Royal Geographical Society ce ta buga shi. Jennings ya kammala da cewa yawancin, idan ba duka ba, wadancan tabkunan an kirkiresu ne ta hanyar tsari na halitta.
A ta nazari Lambert amfani da wani stratigraphical dabara: cire core samfurori da peat da borer. Lambert ya yi amfani da bura mai kunkuntar diamita kuma ya ɗauki samfuran da yawa, yana mai bayyana cewa gefen tafkunan sun kusan a tsaye kuma saboda haka mutum ya yi su.
Bincike ya nuna cewa Ikklesiyoyin gida sun mallaki "haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin ƙasa" don haƙa peat a yankunansu, wanda, Joyce ya kafa, ya yi daidai da jeri na iyakokin Ikklesiya a cikin manyan hanyoyin. An kuma kammala shi cewa kusan dukkanin hakar an yi watsi da ita a ƙarshen ƙarni na 14th sakamakon ƙaruwa da suka yi da ambaliyar. Wannan ya faru ne sanadiyyar lalacewa a cikin yanayin Gabashin Anglian Gabas, kuma wani ɓangare ta haɓakar matakin teku. Inda a da can ake haƙo peat, yanzu akwai mahimmancin kamun kifi.
Ta haɗu tare da Jennings da Smith a kan ƙarin nazarin Broads; an buga sakamakon su a cikin shekara ta 1960 kamar yadda ake yin Broads: sake yin la'akari da asalin su ta fuskar sabuwar shaida.
A shekara ta 1950 Lambert aka nada malami a fannin ilimin tsirrai a Jami'ar Southampton. A Southampton, Lambert ya ba da gudummawa ta farko ga yin amfani da kwamfutoci a kimiyyar ilimin tsirrai a cikin haɗin gwiwar da ta yi da shugabar sashenta, Bill Williams, kan yawan nazarin al'ummomin tsirrai.
Norfolk Record Office yana riƙe da tarin takaddun Dr Lambert daga shekara ta 1920 zuwa shekara ta 2005, wanda ya haɗa da zane, taswira, hotuna da rubuce rubuce.
Rayuwar mutum
Ta kasance mai goyon bayan rayuwar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Norwich City. Bayan ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1980 sai ta koma gidan da ke Brundall wanda kakanta ya gina a cikin shekara ta 1920s. A cikin shekaru ukun ƙarshe na rayuwarta ta koma gidan kula da tsofaffi, gidan Oakwood, Old Watton Road, Colney, Norfolk. Ta mutu a can a ranar 4 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2005 na cutar sankarau. Ba ta yi aure ba.
Tombokoirey I
Tombokoirey I ƙaramar hukumar karkara ce dake Nijar.
Tostan
Tostan (ma'ana "nasara" a cikin Wolof ) rajista ce ta Amurka mai lamba 501 (c) (3) ta kasa da kasa mai hedikwata a Dakar, Senegal. Manufar kungiyar ita ce "karfafawa al'ummomi cigaba da cimma burinsu na nan gaba da kuma karfafa gungun manyan kungiyoyi da ke haifar da martaba ga kowa" a kasashen Afirka ta Yamma da dama, da suka hada da Senegal, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gambiya, Mali, da Mauritaniya.
Koda yake an san Tostan da nasarar da ta samu wajen hanzarta yin watsi da al'adun gargajiya masu cutarwa, musamman yankan mata da auren yara, a duk faɗin Afirka, kungiyar ta kuma sami nasarori masu kyau a fannonin tasirin mulki, ilimi, kiwon lafiya, ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi, da mahalli, cigab kasar, haka kuma a cikin lamuran da suka shafi kare yara, karfafawa mata da ‘yan mata, da bunkasa kananan yara. A shekara ta 2007, Tostan ta sami lambar yabo ta Conrad N. Hilton ta Jin kai, kyauta mafi girma a duniya, saboda "gagarumar gudummawar da ta bayar wajen rage radadin wahalar dan adam."
Tarihi
An kafa Tostan ne a cikin shekarata 1991 daga Molly Melching, wani malamin Ba'amurke kuma mai rajin kare hakkin dan Adam, tare da babban burin samar da cikakken ilimin bai daya ga al'ummomin karkara a Senegal. Dogaro kan ra'ayoyi daga al'ummomin yankin, Melching da ƙungiyar kwararrun masanan al'adu na Senegal sun ƙaddamar da wani shiri mai suna Community Empowerment Programme (CEP), Wanda ya Samar da tsarin karatu wanda ke jan hankalin al'ummomi ta hanyar aiki da yarensu da kuma amfani da cakuda na zamani da na gargajiya na Afirka. hanyoyin koyo, kamar tattaunawa, wasan kwaikwayo, da rawa. An fara shirin ne a cikin yankin Senegal 44, ya fadada zuwa 350 a shekarar 1994.
Kafin shekara ta 1997, CEP ta ƙunshi kayayyaki guda shida, waɗanda suka haɗa da dabarun magance matsaloli, kiwon lafiya da tsafta, rigakafin mace-macen yara, gudanar da harkokin kuɗi, jagoranci da kuzarin ƙungiyoyi, da kuma nazarin yiwuwar aiwatar da ayyukan samar da kuɗi. A shekarar 1997, Tostan ta kara wani tsari na bakwai kan hakkin dan adam da lafiyar mata wanda ya hada da bayanai game da illolin da ke tattare da yankewar al'aura mata (FGC). Bayan sun bi wannan tsarin, matan Malicounda Bambara, wani kauye da ke yammacin Senegal, sun yanke shawara baki daya su yi watsi da al'adar FGC, suka fara wani yunkuri wanda tun farko ya sa kusan al'ummomin Afirka 9,000 yin watsi da al'adar.
Don ƙarin bayani game da aikin Tostan akan FGC da sauran lamuran rarrabawa, latsa nan .
Tostan ta yi aiki ne kawai a Senegal har zuwa shekarata 1997, lokacin da ya fara aiwatar da CEP a cikin al'ummomin Burkina Faso a cikin haɗin gwiwa na shekaru shida tare da NGO Mwangaza Action, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da al'ummomin Burkinabe 23 da ke bayyana aniyar su ta barin FGC har abada. A cikin shekarata 2002, Tostan ta faɗaɗa abubuwan da take bayarwa a karo na farko, ta aiwatar da wani yunƙuri da ake kira Prison Project a wani gidan yarin Senegal a Thiès, gari na uku mafi girma a Senegal kuma can ne hedikwatar Tostan. Aikin Gidan Yarin ya kunshi wani sabon fasali na CEP wanda ke da nufin samarwa wadanda ake tsare da su abubuwan da zasu taimaka musu wajen bunkasa dabarun samun kudin shiga, ta Kuma rinka taimakawa mabukata ta haka kuma zai rage yawan sake dawowa.
A cikin shekarun 2000s, yayin da bukatar shirye-shiryenta suka karu, Tostan ta ci gaba da fadada, yana bude ofisoshin kasa a Guinea (2003), Gambiya (2006), Mauritania (2007), Guinea-Bissau (2008), da Mali (2009), a ƙari ga ofisoshin da aka rufe yanzu a cikin Somaliya, Sudan, da Djibouti.
Tun daga shekarar 2014, Tostan ta kasance cikin kawance da Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates don inganta tsarin sa ido da kimantawa, kuma kungiyar a yanzu tana amfani da tsarin sakamako wanda aka kirkira cikin hadin gwiwa da gidauniyar da ke daukar matakan tasiri a muhimman bangarori biyar: kiwon lafiya, shugabanci, karfafa tattalin arziki, muhalli, da ilimi. A cikin 2015, saboda sha'awar da aka nuna a cikin tsarin jagorancin al'umma, Tostan ya buɗe Cibiyar Horar da Tostan (TTC) a cikin Thies ga mahalarta na waje. A TTC, tana ba da horo na kwanaki 10 kan tsarinta na ci gaban jagorancin al'umma a cikin Ingilishi da Faransanci ga masu gwagwarmayar al'umma, membobin kungiyoyi na gida, na ƙasa da na duniya da gwamnatoci, da wakilai daga manyan da kananan makarantun kimiyya da kafofin watsa labarai.
A cikin 2017, Melching ya sauya daga matsayin Shugaba zuwa Babban Darakta na Tostan, kuma Elena Bonometti ne ya yi nasarar zama Shugaba. A karkashin jagorancin ta, kungiyar na neman samar da ingantattun sikeli masu kyau don shirye-shiryen ta da karawa juna sani karawa juna sani, ginawa kan tsarin kungiyar ta don tallafawa irin wannan matakin zuwa ci gaba, ci gaba da inganta ma'aunin sakamako, da kuma bincika karin damar bincike ta hanyar bunkasa kawance a matakin kasa da na duniya.
Yi aiki akan lamuran rarrabawa
Kodayake shirin na Tostan cikakke ne, ya samu karbuwa sosai wajen samun nasarar watsar da aurar da yara mata da yanke musu al'aura (FGC), al'adar da ta wanzu shekaru aru aru a mafi yawan sassan Afirka. A cewar UNICEF, FGC "al'adar karfafa kai ne" ko kuma al'adar zamantakewar da iyalai ke ganin dole ne su bi don kauce wa wariyar da al'ummarsu. Gabaɗaya, ana yin cewa FGC akan anan mata tsakanin shekaru biyu zuwa biyar, kodayake samari ma suna yin wannan aikin. Nau'in yankan mata na Biyu (duba rabe-raben FGC ) shine nau'in FGC da aka fi sani a Afirka ta Yamma, yankin da Tostan yake gudanar da mafi yawan aikinsa, kodayake ana yin Type I FGC. Nau'in III FGC, wanda aka sani wani lokaci kamar infibulation, shine mafi tsananin nau'i kuma yana da wuya a Afirka ta Yamma.
Armando Cooper
Armando Enrique Cooper Whitaker (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1987) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Panama wanda ke taka rawa a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar Isra’ila ta Maccabi Petah Tikva da ƙungiyar ƙasar Panama.
Tostan
Yi aiki akan lamuran rarrabawa
Wannan sabon bayanin, tare da sabon fahimtar ainihin 'yancinsu na ɗan adam, ya sa matan Malicounda Bambara, wani ƙauye a yammacin Senegal, yanke shawara tare don yin watsi da al'adar. Sun bayyana a bainar jama'a a gaban 'yan Senegal da kafofin watsa labarai na duniya a watan Yunin 1997 cewa ba za su sake yanke' ya'yansu kungiyoyi da ke kewaye, suna jin haushi cewa ba a tuntube su ba kuma ba su da tabbas game da dalilan da matan ke da shi na yin watsi da aikin, sun mai da martani da ƙiyayya. Wani limami daga kauyen Keur Simbara da ke kusa, Demba Diawara, ya bayyana wa Melching da ma’aikatan Tostan cewa irin wannan canjin zamani da ake samu da zamtakewa. A wuraren da ake aiwatar da FGC, ya zama ruwan dare ga yarinya ta auri wani dangi da ke zaune a ƙauyen da ke kusa. Saboda rashin yanke yarinya yana yin tasiri ga rayuwar aurenta, al'umar da suka yi watsi da FGC da kansu ba tare da yarjejeniyar al'ummomin da ke kewaye da su ba yadda ya kamata ta lalata burin 'ya'yanta mata na aure. A sakamakon haka, kawo karshen wannan dabi'a ta dorewa na bukatar yaduwar yarjejeniya tsakanin al'ummomin da 'ya'yansu sukayi aura.
Armando Cooper
Harkar Kwallon Kafa
Cooper ya fara aikinsa a cikin samari na amarabe Unido na Panama. A cikin shekarar 2006, ya fara aiki don bangaren kwararru, kuma ya ci gaba da taimaka wa kungiyar don cimma wasu taken na cikin gida a cikin La Liga Panameña de Fútbol. A cikin watan Janairun shekarar 2011 an ba da rahoton cewa kungiyar New York Red Bulls ta Major League Soccer na da sha'awar sa hannu kan Cooper. Koyaya, canja wurin bai wuce ba.
Tostan
Yi aiki akan lamuran rarrabawa
Bayan koyon kansa game da haɗarin aikin, Diawara ya yanke shawarar tafiya daga gari zuwa al'umma a cikin yankin Thiès na Senegal, inda Malicounda Bambara da Keur Simbara suke, don wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin FGC. A watan Fabrairun 1998, saboda babban kokarinsa, kauyuka 13 da ke makwabtaka sun bayyana kudurinsu na shiga alkawarin Malicounda Bambara. Tun daga wannan lokacin, hanyar Tostan ta sami nasarar karfafa kusan al'ummomi 9,000 a Afirka don yin watsi da yankewar al'aurar mata da auren yara da tilas, wani mummunan aiki ne wanda ake danganta FGC da shi. Tun daga wannan lokacin gwamnatin ta Senegal ta dauki samfurin FGC na Tostan kuma tana ci gaba da amfani da shi a aikinta na kawo karshen FGC a kasar. Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2019, 5,423 al'ummomin da ke yin addini a baya sun watsar da duk nau'ikan FGC a Senegal kuma da yawa sun yi hakan a duk Yammacin Afirka da Gabashin Afirka. Wasu Masu kimantawa na waje sun lura cewa alƙawarin da aka ɗauka galibin membobi ne ke girmama alƙawarin da suka yi, kodayake wasu juriya ga watsi da su har yanzu suna cikin al'ummomin da suka bayyana ƙarshen al'adar.
Gabatarwa & Ka'idar Canji
Tostan ta ce tsarinta yana bin falsafar sanannen masanin Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop, wanda ya jaddada cewa tsarin ci gaban ya zama na ilmantarwa ga duk wanda ke cikin aikin, ma'aikatan NGO da membobin al'umma baki daya, kuma ya kamata a gudanar da shi ta hanyar da yana yin cikakken amfani da ilimin da hadisai da ake da su. Don haka Tostan ke aiwatar da shirye-shiryenta ta hanyar da ke kokarin girmamawa da kuma ginawa kan mahallin gida, tana mai imani da cewa irin wannan hanyar tana baiwa mahalarta damar fadada fahimtarsu cikin sauki da kuma samar da karin haske game da ayyukansu da imaninsu. Ana gudanar da dukkan zaman na Tostan cikin yarukan gida, kuma masu gudanarwa sau da yawa sun fito daga ƙabila ɗaya da yankin da suke wa hidima. Zuwa yau, ana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen Tostan a cikin yaruka 22 daban daban, da suka hada da Wolof, Serer, Fulani, Soninké, Mandinka, Diola, Sousou, Malinké, Pulaar, Kissi, Guerze, Creole, Bambara, Hassaniya, Serehule, Bamanankan, Somali, Afar, da Faransanci, Ingilishi, da Larabci.
Armando Cooper
Harkar Kwallon Kafa
A watan Yulin shekarar 2011, ya sanya hannu tare da Godoy Cruz na Firstungiyar Farko ta Argentina.
Tostan
Gabatarwa & Ka'idar Canji
Don ƙirƙirar sarari inda mahalarta ke samun kwanciyar hankali da amintar da bayyana ra'ayoyinsu da yardar kaina, hanyar Tostan tana ƙarfafa demokraɗiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam: a lokacin CEP, alal misali, membobin al'umma suna koyan waɗannan ra'ayoyin ta hanyar ra'ayoyin da suka riga suka kasance a cikin al'umma kuma bayyane a cikin rayuwar su ta yau da kullun. A wannan yanayin, tana ɗaukar mataki sosai, Tostan ya dauki matakin rashin yanke hukunci lokacin da yake gabatar da batutuwa masu mahimmanci, yana baiwa membobin al'umma damar yin tunani da ma'ana kan abin da suka yi imani da shi kuma ba tare da bin diddigin kai ba saboda tsoron zargi daga waje.
Armando Cooper
Harkar Kwallon Kafa
A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2015, Cooper ya shiga 2. Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Bundesliga FC St. Pauli, kawai ta dawo zuwa berabe Unido a watan Satumbar shekarar 2015 bayan ta yi wasa na mintuna 125 ga kungiyar ta Jamus.
Tostan
Ka'idar Canji
Tunanin canjin canjin ya ta'allaka ne akan aikin Gerry Mackie, mai bincike a Jami'ar California, San Diego wanda yayi zato a cikin wani sharhi na 1996 American Sociological Review cewa yanke al'aura mace, kamar al'adar daure kafa a China, zata kare da sauri da zarar mutane sun fara kawo karshen wannan aiki gaba daya domin kiyaye ikon mace na yin aure a tsakanin kabilunsu. Tostan, tare da shawara da shigarwar Mackie, tun daga wannan lokacin suka kirkiro wannan ra'ayin zuwa mahanga mai sauyi wacce take nuna cewa za'a iya watsar da FGC ne kawai idan mutane da kuma manyan hanyoyin sadarwar suna da hannu a tsarin yanke shawara, a matsayin mutum daya ko kuma wata al'umma ita kaɗai, an ba su haɗin kansu zuwa wasu rukunoni da cibiyoyin sadarwa da yawa domin basu mahimmancin, bai isa ya kawo ƙarshen aikin ba ko da kuwa ƙarfin imanin da ya kamata a yi watsi da shi.
Armando Cooper
Harkar Kwallon Kafa
An ba Cooper aro zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Toronto FC ta Major League Soccer ranar 18 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2016. Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko tare da Toronto FC a ranar 30 Nuwamba kamar yadda Toronto FC ta doke Montreal Impact 7-5 a jumullar ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na gasar MLS ta shekarar 2016.
Tostan
Shirin Karfafa Al'umma (CEP)
Shirin Tallafawa Al'umma shine matattarar shirye-shiryen Tostan. Tsarin karatu ne na shekaru uku, ba tsari ba bisa ka'ida akan haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ke ba mahalarta, manya da matasa girma, da tushe mai ƙarfi na ilimi da ƙwarewa wanda zai inganta rayuwarsu tare da samar da ingantattun hanyoyin magance matsalolin al'umma. Tsarin karatun yana farawa da koyon haƙƙin ɗan adam ta hanyar da ta dace da yanayin gida, bayan haka dalibai ko mahalarta zasu bada fahimtar su akan abinda suka koya. Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar hanyar tattaunawa da gina yarjejeniya tsakanin mambobi na dukkan kungiyoyi: maza da mata, dattijai da matasa, mambobi na azuzuwan zamantakewa daban-daban, kabilu, kabilu, da addini. Ilimin da aka samu a cikin zaman shirin sannan yana taimakawa al'umma don cimma waɗannan burin a cikin tsari mai tsari. Maimakon mayar da hankali kan abin da ya rasa ko yanke hukunci mai ƙima, Tostan ya buƙaci mahalarta suyi tunani game da kayan aikin da ke akwai da kuma yadda za'a gina su. CEP ta ci gaba da komawa zuwa ga haƙƙin ɗan adam a duk tsawon lokacin shirin.
Shirin ya kasu kashi biyu: Kobi (ma'ana "a nome kasa" a cikin Mandinka ), wanda ya kunshi jigogi kan dimokiradiyya, 'yancin dan adam, dabarun warware matsaloli, kiwon lafiya da tsafta, sai kuma Aawde (ma'ana "dasa shi iri "a cikin Pulaar ), wanda ke ƙunshe da darajoji kan ilimin yare na cikin gida, ƙarancin ci gaban kamfanoni, da lissafi na asali. Hanyoyin koyarwar sun kunshi darussan mu'amala, kamar karamar kungiya, aikin harka, da ayyukan bincike-bincike. Wadannan hanyoyin sun samo asali ne daga fasahohin baka na zamani da na gargajiya na Afirka, wadanda suka hada da wasan kwaikwayo, tatsuniya, rawa, zane-zane, waka, muhawara, da kuma raba kwarewar mutum.
Tostan ya yi imanin cewa sauye-sauyen gama gari da mazauna ƙauyuka suka yi dole ne su kasance masu cin gashin kansu. A karshen wannan, Tostan yana taimakawa kafa Kwamitocin Gudanar da Al'umma (CMCs) waɗanda ke aiwatar da ƙoƙarin ci gaban da membobin al'umma suka gabatar bayan ƙarshen shirin. CMCs sun ƙunshi membobi 17 waɗanda aka zaɓa ta hanyar dimokiraɗiyya, aƙalla tara daga cikinsu mata ne, kuma duk suna karɓar horo daga Tostan kan yadda za su iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata a cikin matsayinsu da kuma kan hanyoyin yanke shawara na shiga tsakani na iya takawa a cikin aikinsu.
Tostan yana amfani da bayanan da ta samu daga mahalarta da shugabannin yankin, na addini da na addini, don sabuntawa da kuma sake nazarin shirye-shiryenta a kai a kai, ta hanyar rungumar wata hanyar da ke jaddada daidaitawa da daidaitawa bisa bukatun masu koyo, yanayin zamantakewar al'adu na yankin, da abubuwan ƙirar tsara shirye-shirye, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar faɗaɗa cikin sauƙi cikin sabbin ƙasashe da al'adun al'adu. Tostan yana kuma darajar binciken waje kuma yana tallafawa masu nazarin waje don aiwatar da kimarsu.
Canje-canje ga CEP
Bayan lokaci, sababbin kayayyaki a hankali suna cikin haɗin CEP. Tun daga shekarar 2009, shirin Jokko Initiative, wanda ke koyar da mahalarta yadda ake amfani da wayar hannu don aika sakonni, a matsayin hanyar sadarwa da kuma hanyar yin amfani da dabarun karatunsu na karatu da rubutu da aka samu kwanan nan, an shiga cikin CEP a duk al'ummomin da ke dauke da isasshen kwayar halitta ɗaukar hoto. Tostan ya yi la’akari da amfani da wayoyin hannu da kuma aika sakon SMS a matsayin ingantacciyar hanya ta hanzarta kawo sauyi mai amfani ga zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar hada kan al'ummomi, da kara muryoyin mata, matasa, da kungiyoyin da ke gefe, da samar da wani dandali na musayar ra'ayi.
Armando Cooper
Harkar Kwallon Kafa
a ranar 14 ga watan December shekarar 2017, Cooper's contract option was declined by Toronto, and he subsequently left the club.
Wasa a Matakin Duniya
Cooper ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar U-20 ta Panama da ta halarci gasar cin kofin duniya ta U-20 ta shekarar 2007 da aka gudanar a Kanada.
Tostan
Canje-canje ga CEP
Tsarin Kare Yara, wanda aka kirkira a shekarar 2010, ya ba da horo na musamman ga Kwamitocin Gudanar da Al'umma kan yadda za su magance matsalolin da suka shafi rayuwar yara. Yana nufin gina yarjejeniya game da haƙƙoƙin yara yayin da ake gina lokaci ɗaya wayar da kan jama'a game da ɗabi'u, halaye, da ƙa'idodin shari'a da suka shafi yara.
Armando Cooper
Wasa a Matakin Duniya
Ya fara zama na farko tare da cikakkiyar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2006 akan kungiyar kasar El Salvador. A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2011, ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Panama a wasan da suka doke Nicaragua da ci 2-0 a wasan Copa Centroamericana na shekarar 2011 wanda aka buga a Estadio Rommel Fernández a Panama City.
Tostan
Canje-canje ga CEP
A cikin 2013, wani sabon aikin da ake kira Ndimaagu ( Kalmar Pulaar don 'mutunci'), an gwada ta a cikin al'ummomin 55 a Tambacounda, wani gari a kudu maso gabashin Senegal. Aikin ya haɗu da ƙarin azuzuwan jinsi a cikin CEP, yana ba da horo kan rigakafin tashin hankali ga ƙananan hukumomi, shugabannin gargajiya da shugabannin addinai, da gina haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Kwamitocin Gudanar da Communityungiyoyin, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, cibiyoyin gwamnati, shugabannin al'umma, da masu ba da sabis da ke amsa jinsi -daga tashin hankali a Senegal.
Armando Cooper
Wasa a Matakin Duniya
A watan Mayu shekarar 2018, aka raɗa masa suna a Panama ta na farko 35 mutumin tawagar ga 2018 gasar cin kofin duniya a Rasha. Cooper ya buga wasanni biyu na farko na Panama da Ingila da Belgium, amma bayan karbar katin gargadi a wasannin biyu an dakatar dashi daga wasan karshe da Tunisia.
Tostan
Canje-canje ga CEP
A shekarar 2017, Tostan ta fitar da wani sabon tsari wanda ake kira da Bridging the Gap, wanda ke da nufin bunkasa dankon zumunci tsakanin al'ummomin yankin da sabbin tsare-tsaren kananan hukumomi a Senegal. Tare da tallafin UNICEF, Tostan ya jagoranci horarwa a cikin harsunan gida ga jami’an kananan hukumomi kan hakkokin bil’adama da nauyi, cin hanci da rashawa, shugabanci na gari, da kasafin kudi na kananan hukumomi, yayin da ya kara da horon horo ga Kwamitocin Gudanar da Jama’a kan yadda za a hada kai da karamar hukumar. don tabbatar da an amsa bukatun al'umma a cikin kasafin kuɗin gida.
Armando Cooper
Ƙwarewa
Cooper sananne ne saboda kuzarin sa a filin wasa, kazalika yana da ƙwarewar diribilin wato lailaya kwallo yadda ransa yake so. A matsayin sa na ɗan wasan tsakiya, yana iya wasannin gaba da kuma tsakiyar fili.
Tostan
Sauran Shirye-shirye
Tostan tana ba da ƙarin shirye-shirye da yawa ga al'ummomin da suka kammala CEP cikin nasara. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna nufin taimaka wa al'ummomi su riƙe ilimin da suka samu a cikin CEP kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar yanayin da za a iya amfani da ilimin don cikakken amfani da shi. An ƙaddamar da Shirin Lafiya da Tsaro (P&S) a watan Afrilu na 2012 kuma yana neman kafa alaƙa tsakanin manufofin jagorancin al'umma na inganta zaman lafiya da masu tsara manufofin yanki, don ba da gudummawa ga zaman lafiya da tsaro a kowane mataki. Wannan tsarin yana fadada ainihin shirin na CEP don haɗawa da nazarin rikice-rikice da rigakafin, sasantawa da dabarun sadarwa, da rawar da mata ke takawa cikin zaman lafiya da tsaro. Tun daga lokacin aka aiwatar da shi a Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, da Guinea.