cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Paterson Joseph
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Yusufu a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1964 a garin Willesden Green, dake kasar London ga iyaye daga Saint Lucia. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Cardinal Hinsley RC a arewa maso yammacin London, makarantar Katolika ce ta Irish-Catholic. Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "mummunan bunker" yayin da yake makaranta, inda ya yanke shawarar ciyar da mafi kyawun kashi na shekaru biyu a ɗakin karatu na gida maimakon.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
A shekarar 1991, Yusufu ya lashe gasar lambar yabo ta biyu a Ian Charleson Awards, don wasan kwaikwayo na shekarar 1990 na Oswald a gasar King Lear, Dumaine in Love's Labour's Lost, da Marquis de Mota a Kwanakin Ƙarshe na Don Juan, duk a Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare. A shekarar 1992 ya yi tauraro a matsayin Richard Henry a Blues don Mister Charlie na James Baldwin, wanda Greg Hersov ya jagoranta a Royal Exchange, Manchester.
Malami
A yawancin ƙasashe, ƙwararrun malamai ana biyan su kuɗi ne, don su koyawa ɗalibai na yau da kullun. Kalmar Malami na da fadi sosai, kuma tana nufin malamai na dukkan dabi'u gani a rayuwa misali; Malamin makarantar boko, Islamiyya, Addini da dai sauransu. Don haka akula wannan maƙalar za ta fi mai da hankali ne akan malamai waɗanda aka ɗauka, a matsayin babban aikinsu na su koyar a biyasu-(malami da ke sana'ar koyarwa), a cikin tsarin koyarwa na ilimi na yau da kullun, kamar a makaranta ko wani wuri na farko na ilimi ko bada horo.
Michael Z. Lin
Michael Z. Lin (an haife shi a shekara ta alif 1973) a Taipei, a ƙasar Taiwan ) ɗan Taiwan-Ba-Amurke masanin ilimin halittu ne kuma injiniyan halittu. Shi mataimakin Farfesa ne na Neurobiology da Bioengineering a Jami'ar Stanford. An fi saninsa da aikin injiniyanci na gani da ido da sunadarai masu sinadarai.
Malami
Ayyuka
malami yakan ware lokacin zuwa lokacin domin yin nazari akan karatun da zai bawa dalibai.yakan dauki nazari ko bincike kafin ya sanya ƙafarsa cikin aji.domin ya tabbata da duk dalibai da suka halarci karatun sun gamsu matuƙa fahimci darasin abin da ya ke koya
Michael Z. Lin
Ilimi da aiki
Lin ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Harvard a 1994 tare da digiri a cikin ilimin kimiyyar halittu summa cum laude. Daga baya ya horar da shi a matsayin dalibi na PhD yana nazarin fassarar siginar neuronal tare da Michael E. Greenberg a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, ya kammala karatunsa a 2002, kuma ya sami MD a UCLA a 2004. Daga nan Lin ya yi bincike na gaba da digiri tare da Chemistry Nobel Prize Laureate Roger Y. Tsien a UCSD. Tun 2009, ya kasance memba na baiwa a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Stanford.
Bincike
A lokacin horo na postdoctoral tare da Roger Y. Tsin, Lin ya haɓaka ingantattun sunadaran sunadaran ja da channelrhodopsins, kuma ya fara yin amfani da magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi don gyare-gyaren furotin a cikin hanyar lakabin furotin TimeSTAMP. Rukunin Lin a Jami'ar Stanford sun ƙera sunadaran sunadaran tare da sabbin ayyuka don optogenetics, chemogenetics, da ilimin halitta na roba. Fitattun abubuwan ƙirƙira sun haɗa da:
Alkayida
Alkayida (wanda kuma aka fi sani da Ashanti Twi: Alkaida), wanda kuma aka sani da Akayida, rawa ce ta Ghana tare da mai da hankali kan motsin gefe zuwa gefe, hade da motsa jiki na sama da na jiki, da karfafa ayyukan kungiya da kuma gasar daidaikun mutane. Rawar Alkayda tana da annashuwa sosai, ba da kyauta ba, tana ƙunshe da aikin ƙafa, kuma tana haɗa ɗimbin raye-rayen na hip-life. Ya ƙunshi motsin jiki tare da motsin hannu da kafada a cikin wani tsari. A cewar mawakin hiplife Guru wanda ya taka rawa wajen yada raye-rayen, ya kamata a rubuta sunan rawan “Akayida”.
Choreography
Rawar mai suna Alkayda, ta fara ne da rawa a hankali tare da yunƙurin da ake ganin ana yin ta ne da ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma a baya-bayan nan, raye-rayen da kaɗe-kaɗe sun yi ta tafiya tare da gabatar da shirye-shiryen kide-kide masu ban sha'awa da kuma "Alkayda" - wanda galibi ana kuskuren "Al Qaeda" Ba wai kawai yana son kwance azonto ba ne, amma ba da gangan ba yana shigar da al'adun hip-life na Ghana cikin sunan kungiyar ta'addanci ta Al-Qaeda.
Haushin rawa na Alkayda yana da alaƙa da ɗan wasan kiɗan hip-life Guru bayan ya yada kalmar a cikin waƙarsa mai suna "Akaida (Boys Abrɛ)". "Brɛ" a yaren Ashanti yana nufin "gajiya". A cikin waƙar Guru mai suna Alkayda, amsar kalmar Akayida ita ce “boys abrɛ”, kuma wannan magana mai kama da hankali ta shiga cikin ƙamus na matasan Akan.
Asamoah Gyan da Black Stars sun shirya baje kolin raye-rayen "Alkayda" a fagen duniya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2014. Gyan da sauran 'yan wasan sun yi rawa bayan sun ci kwallo a ragar Jamus da Ghana a wasan rukuni na rukuni. Duk da haka, rawa ce ta Azonto ba Alkaida ba.
A lokacin 2014, ɗan wasan raye-raye na Panama Deejay Jafananci tare da ɗan wasan raye-raye na Honduras AlBeezy sun fitar da waƙar "La Caída" ( [la kaˈiða], "The Tumble"), ta yin amfani da kayan aiki makamancin haka ga waƙar Guru amma tare da waƙoƙin da ba su da alaƙa (wani al'ada ta gama gari tsakanin waƙoƙin rawa na Panama., waɗanda galibi ana ƙirƙira su bayan waƙoƙin raye-raye na Jamaican. Wannan wani lokacin ana hana shi kuma ana ɗaukar saƙon saƙo), da kuma nuna motsin rawa iri ɗaya. Wannan ya ba wa raye-rayen taƙaitaccen, ƙaramar haɓakar shahara a Panama kuma, zuwa ƙarami, kiɗan Guru da kiɗan Azonto gabaɗaya.
Md Hashim Hussein
Janar (Rtd) Tan Sri Md Hashim bin Hussein jami'in Sojojin Malaysia ne mai ritaya, jami'in diflomasiyya kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sojojin Malaysia daga 1 ga Janairun 1999 zuwa 31 ga Disamba 2002.
Peugeot 607
Peugeot 607 babbar mota ce da kamfanin kera Peugeot na Faransa ya kera daga Satumba 1999 zuwa Yuni 2010.
Md Hashim Hussein
Tarihi
An haifi Md Hashim bin Hussein a Johor Bahru a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1947. Shi ne yaro na biyu daga 'yan uwa tara kuma ya fara karatu a Kwalejin Malay Kuala Kangsar da Kwalejin Soja ta Royal.
Ilimi da Ayyuka na Soja
Md Hashim ta horar da ita a matsayin cadet a Royal Military Academy Sandhurst a 1963. Ilimin yaki yana da mahimmanci a gare shi, yana kuma koyon dabarun soja a Malaysia da ƙasashen waje don kawo Sojojin Malaysia zuwa matsayi mafi girma na lokacin. Wadannan sune jerin sunayen Alma mater:
Peugeot 607
Tarihi
An ƙaddamar da 607 a cikin Oktoba 1999, don maye gurbin 605 da aka dakatar. Ya yi amfani da chassis na magabata amma yana da sabon-sabon, ƙirar waje mafi zamani. Kewayon injin (petur 2.2 da 3.0, da dizal 2.2) ya kasance sabo. An gina shi a Sochaux har zuwa Maris 2009, an tura masana'anta zuwa masana'antar Rennes ta PSA a cikin Yuli a wannan shekarar yayin da ake samun rauni. Matakan kayan aiki sun kasance masu girma, tare da duk samfuran suna samun kwandishan, CD player, tagogi na lantarki, jakunkuna 8, tsarin birki na kulle-kulle, mai saka idanu na taya, da kulle tsakiya azaman ma'auni. Akwai shi AMVAR mai kula da damping lantarki mataki tara.
Md Hashim Hussein
Ilimi da Ayyuka na Soja
A shekara ta 1991, Md Hashim Hussein ya yi nasarar samun digiri na biyu a karatun yaki a Kwalejin King ta London tare da girmamawa.
Peugeot 607
Tarihi
A Faransa, kasuwarta ta gida, 607 ana yawan zaɓin don amfanin hukuma.
Md Hashim Hussein
Ilimi da Ayyuka na Soja
A lokacin aikin soja, ana amincewa da shi don yin umurni da waɗannan mukamai:
Peugeot 607
Gyaran fuska
Peugeot 607 Paladine wani nau'in Landaulet ne na musamman na 607 wanda aka haɓaka kuma aka gina shi a cikin 2000 tare da haɗin gwiwar Heuliez, azaman motar ra'ayi. Injin shine 3.0 V6. An tsawaita shi da 500 mm (sake shi 5.4 m dogo), sannan bangaren baya yana sanye da rufin karfe mai juyowa kamar Peugeot 206 's ko 307 's CC. Zane ne wanda aka kashe.
Md Hashim Hussein
Ilimi da Ayyuka na Soja
A cikin 1993-1994, an nada shi a matsayin Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojojin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kwamandan Malaysia (UNPROFOR) wanda ke zaune a Bosnia Herzegovina.
Peugeot 607
Gyaran fuska
An haɓaka ciki na fata na musamman tare da haɗin gwiwar Hermès.
Md Hashim Hussein
Ilimi da Ayyuka na Soja
Shi ne kuma Kwamandan Jami'in farko ga sabuwar Brigade 10 Paratrooper (Malaysia).
Peugeot 607
Gyaran fuska
An fara gabatar da motar ne a taron baje kolin motoci na Geneva a watan Maris din shekarar 2000. Bayan shekaru bakwai ne shugaban Faransa Nicolas Sarkozy ya yi amfani da shi wajen rantsar da shi a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 2007. A halin yanzu, an sake gyara motar tare da sake fasalin 2004 na 607 (sabuwar gaban gaba).
Md Hashim Hussein
Ilimi da Ayyuka na Soja
A watan Janairun 1999, an zaba shi a matsayin Shugaban 18 na sojojin Malaysia.
A shekara ta 2001, an haɗa shi a cikin Induction of International Officer "Hall of Fame", Kwamandan Amurka da Kwalejin Janar Fort Leavenworth, Amurka.
Bayan shekaru 36 na hidima a cikin soja, ya yi ritaya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002 tare da matsayin Janar.
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja, an nada Janar Md Hashim a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Malaysia a Pakistan har zuwa shekara ta 2005.
Siyasa
A ranar 6 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2013, ya sanar da shiga jam'iyyar Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) na hadin gwiwar adawa ta Pakatan Rakyat (PR). A cikin babban zaben Malaysia na 2013, ya yi takara a mazabar majalisa ta Johor Bahru amma ya sha kashi a hannun mai karfi na United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) na Barisan Nasional (BN); Shahrir Abdul Samad.
Dawda Bah
Dawda Bah (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba 1983) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda yake taka leda a matsayin winger. Ya shafe yawancin aikinsa na ƙwararru a Finland. Tsakanin a shekarun 2000 da 2011 ya sami kofuna 11 tare da tawagar kasar Gambia.
Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa
An haifi Bah a Banjul, Gambia. Ya taka leda a gasar Gambiya, tare a kulob ɗin Banjul Hawks, har zuwa 2005, lokacin da ya koma kulob din KPV na farko na Finnish. Ya zama babban dan wasa na kulob na biyu, kuma shi ne ya fi zura kwallaye a rukunin. Kulob din Veikkausliiga sun ga lokacin da ya yi nasara, amma Bah ya zauna a Kokkola a kakar wasa ta gaba, duk da cewa kulob din Belarus MTZ-RIPO Minsk ya yi tayin €200,000, tayin da ya ki. Bah kuma yana da gwaje-gwaje tare da kulob ɗin Norwegian Odd Grenland, amma bai sami tayin kwangila ba. A cikin watan Janairu 2007, ya ziyarci kulob din Aljeriya USM Blida, amma kungiyoyin ba su iya yarda da kudin canja wuri ba.
Bah ya fara kakar wasa ta 2007 tare da kulob ɗin KPV, amma ya koma Helsinki lokacin da kulob din Veikkausliiga HJK ya karbe shi aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar cin kofin UEFA da kungiyar FC Etzella ta Luxembourg, kuma ya zura kwallo a raga. Daga baya babban kulob din ya sanya hannu a kan kwantiragin shekaru uku. A cikin shekarar 2009 Bah yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan a cikin HJK ta lashe gasar Finnish, inda ya zira kwallaye takwas kuma ya taimaka sau takwas a wasanni 25 na gasar. A cikin shekarar 2010, Bah ya ci gaba da nuna mahimmancinsa ga kulob ɗin HJK Helsinki, duka a gasar Finnish da cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai. Saboda kyakykyawan rawar da ya taka an kara masa kwantiragin shekaru biyu zuwa ranar 2 ga watan Satumbar 2010. Sabon kwantiraginsa ya kare har zuwa 2012.
Daga watan Agusta 2011, Bah ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da FC Augsburg akan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. Ya sami mummunan rauni a gwiwa a farkon aikinsa na Augsburg.
A cikin shekarar 2018, Bah ya shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Cosmopolitan Soccer League Lansdowne Yonkers FC.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Bah ya kasance memba na tawagar kasar Gambia. A shekara ta 2000 ya buga wasa a gasar Scorpions da Maroko.
Ismail Kijo
Ismail bin Kijo (28 ga Mayu 1952 - 3 ga Fabrairu 2021) ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Selangor na Lembah Jaya na wa'adi uku daga 1995 zuwa 2008. Wani memba na United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), wani bangare na hadin gwiwar Barisan Nasional (BN), ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen Ampang na UMNO.
Dawda Bah
Girmamawa
HJK
Individual
Ismail Kijo
Mutuwa
A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2021, Ismail ya mutu a asibitin Sungai Buloh da karfe 12.30 na yamma daga COVID-19 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Malaysia. Yana da shekara 68.
Moses Shipi
Moses Godia Shipi (an haife shi 2 ga watan Maris, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da tara 1979A.c) ɗan kasuwa Najeriya ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya taɓa zama mataimaki na musamman ga tsohon gwamnan jihar Bauchi Alh. (Dr) Malam Isa Yuguda. An zaɓe a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar All Blended Party (ABP) na ƙasa kuma tsohon ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a cikin ƴan takara 79 da suka fafata a zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya a shekarar 2019.
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Moses Godia Shipi a ranar 2 ga watan Maris, 1979, a ƙauyen Boi, a ƙaramar hukumar Bogoro dake Jihar Bauchi, Nijeriya. Mahaifinsa Musa Dawaki Shipi. Yayi karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta Boi Central, Bogoro LGA, Bauchi State da Gonerit Memorial College Tuwan Kabwir, Ƙaramar Hukumar Kanke ta Jihar Filato. Ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin Kiwon Lafiya a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa.
Sana'a
Moses ya kasance ɗan jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a Najeriya. Daga shekarar 2007 zuwa 2010 ya kasance mataimaki na musamman ga Alh. (Dr) Malam Isa Yuguda kafin 2017 kafa jam'iyyar All Blended Party (ABP). Yana da shekaru 40 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ABP na ƙasa wanda ya sanya shi zama mafi ƙarancin shekaru a cikin 91 da aka amince da shi a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar siyasa ta ƙasa a Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na All blended Party. Shi ne Babban Jami’in Gudanarwa (CEO) na La Shipson Construction Nigeria Limited, La Shipson Oil & Gas Nigeria Limited da La Shipson Shipping Company Nigeria Limited, la Shipson Hotel & Suits, la Shipson Travels and Tours, Moses Godia Shipi Foundation.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya auri Angela Bulus Godia Shipi kuma suna da ƴaƴa biyu, Queenkyra Moses ship da King-Kendrick Moses ship.
Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki Ta Duniya
Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ƙungiya ce ta kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka kafa a shekarata 1969 wacce ke yin gwagwarmayar haƙƙoƙin 'yan ƙasa da / ko kabilu da kuma mutanen da ba a sadu da su ba.
Kamfen ɗin ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya yana mai da hankali ne ga sha'awar mutanen kabilu don kiyaye ƙasashen kakanninsu. Kungiyar ta Duniya ta kira waɗannan mutanen "wasu daga cikin mafiya rauni a duniya", da nufin kawar da abin da ta kira "ra'ayoyin" da ake amfani da su don ba da hujjar take haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Hakanan yana da manufar tallata abubuwan da ake hango na kasada da kabilu ke fuskanta daga ayyukan hukumomi da gwamnatoci. Vungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta ce tana da niyyar taimaka wa jama’ar ƙabila don cin gashin kansu.
Tarihi
An kafa Survival International ne a shekarar 1969 bayan labarin da Norman Lewis yayi a cikin jaridar The Sunday Times Magazine ya nuna yadda ake kashe-kashe, sace-sacen kasa da kisan kiyashi da ake yi a yankin Amazonia na Brazil. Kuma a cikin shekarata 1971, sabuwar ƙungiyar ta ziyarci Brazil don lura da hukumar gwamnatin Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI) da ke da alhakin ƙabilun yankin. kungiyar Survival International da aka kafa a matsayin kamfanin ingilishi a cikin shekarar 1972 kuma an yi rajista a matsayin sadaka a cikin shekarata 1974. Dangane da tarihin rayuwar shugabanta na farko, mai binciken Robin Hanbury-Tenison, yayin tafiya tare da masanin ilimin kabilanci Conrad Gorinsky a cikin Amazon a 1968,
Shi ne na farko a wannan fagen da ya yi amfani da rubuce-rubuce da yawa, bayan da ya tsara kamfe da yawa a wurare daban-daban a duk duniya, kamar Siberia, Kanada da Kenya. Yakin neman zabe da yawa sun sami damar kawo sauyi ga manufofin gwamnati game da hakkin 'yan asalin yankin. A shekarar 2000, wannan salon gwagwarmaya ya yi nasara wajen ingiza gwamnatin Indiya ta yi watsi da shirinsu na mayar da kabilar Jarawa wacce ta kebanta da ita, bayan ta karbi wasiku 150-200 a kowace rana daga magoya bayan Tsira a duk duniya. Jim kaɗan gabanin hakan, gwamnan yammacin Siberia ya kafa dokar hana duk lasisin mai a yankin Yugan Khanty cikin 'yan makonnin da Tsira ta fitar da sanarwa. Har ila yau, Tsira ita ce ƙungiya ta farko da ta jawo hankali game da tasirin ayyukan Bankin Duniya - wanda yanzu aka gane a matsayin babban abin da ke haifar da wahala a yawancin ƙasashe matalauta taron.
Tsira ita ce ƙungiya ta ƙungiyoyin ƙabilanci ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ta karɓi kyautar Kyauta ta Rayuwa, da Spanish 'Premio Léon Felipe' da 'Medaglia della Presidenza della Camera dei Deputati' na ƙasar Italiya.
Tsarin da manufofin
Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya tana aiki don haƙƙin al'ummomin kabilanci a matakan girma guda uku: ilimi, ba da shawara da kamfen. Har ila yau, yana ba wa kabilun dandamali don magance duniya, yayin haɗuwa da ƙungiyoyin asali na gida, tare da mai da hankali kan mutanen kabilun da ke fuskantar barazanar gaggawa daga tuntuɓar waje. Shirye-shiryen ilimin suna nufin mutane ne a cikin Yammacin duniya, da nufin "rusa labarin almara da ke cewa mutanen kabilu kayan tarihi ne, waɗanda aka ƙaddara su halaka ta hanyar 'ci gaba' '. Tsira tana neman inganta girmama al'adunsu da kuma bayyana dacewar su a yau wajen kiyaye hanyar rayuwarsu.
Kungiyar tana da magoya baya a ƙasashe 82. Ana buga littattafansa cikin harsuna da yawa a duk duniya. Kungiya ce ta rijista a Kingdomasar Ingila kuma daidai take a cikin Jamus, Faransa, Italia, Spain da Amurka, kuma tana iya karɓar gudummawar da ba haraji a cikin Netherlands.
Rayuwa ta ƙi tallafin gwamnati, ya dogara ne kawai da taimakon jama'a, don tabbatar da 'yancin aiwatarwa. Duk mutanen da aka turo filin sun kasance daga ma'aikatan International Survival International, babu ɗayan masu aikin sa kai ko baƙi na kowane nau'i. Ana aiwatar da ayyukan ƙasashen waje ta hanyar kabilu da kansu.
Kabilu
Akwai fiye da 150 miliyan kabilu a duk duniya, gami da aƙalla mutane 100 da ba a sadu da su ba a cikin ƙasashe 60. Vungiyar Survival International tana tallafawa waɗannan kabilun da ke cikin haɗari a matakin duniya, tare da kamfen da aka kafa a Amurka, Afirka da Asiya. Yawancinsu an tsananta musu kuma suna fuskantar kisan ƙare dangi ta hanyar cututtuka da wasu illolon, ƙaura daga gidajensu ta hanyar sare bishiyoyi da haƙar ma'adinai, da kuma korar mutanen da suka zauna. Rayuwa ta yi imanin cewa haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa na mallakar ƙasa, duk da cewa dokokin ƙasa sun yarda da shi, ba a mutunta su yadda ya kamata, tare da mamaye kabilu ta hanyar ayyuka kamar hakar mai da ma'adinai, sare bishiyoyi, kiwon shanu, basu damar zaman kansu ko shirin' ci gaban 'gwamnati kamar gina hanyoyi da madatsun ruwa, ko don wuraren ajiyar yanayi da wuraren shakatawa. Bayan waɗannan abubuwan tattalin arziki don mamayewar mamayewa, Tsira yana nuna jahilci da wariyar launin fata wanda ke ganin mutanen ƙabila a matsayin ci baya da dadadden tarihi. Tsira ta yi imanin cewa a cikin dogon lokaci, ra'ayin jama'a shine mafi tasiri ga canji.
An bayyana tasirin duniyar waje akan wanzuwar 'yan asalin ƙasar da al'adunsu a matsayin abin birgewa sosai. A Siberia, kashi 10 cikin 100 na mutanen kabilun suna rayuwa ne ta ƙaura ko ta ƙaura, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 70% shekaru 30 da suka gabata. A cikin Brazil - inda Survival ke imani da cewa yawancin kabilun duniya da ba a sadar da su ba, wataƙila sama da 50, ance suna rayuwa - akwai masu magana kusan 400 don harsuna 110. Ga marubuta kamar su Daniel Everett, wannan lamari yana wakiltar mummunan hari kan wanzuwar mutane, yayin da harshe ke bayyana yadda ƙungiyar mutane ke fuskantar gaskiya a wata hanya ta musamman, kuma yana daga cikin al'adunmu na yau da kullun. Ranka Bjeljac-Babic, malami kuma kwararre a fannin ilimin harshe, ya bayyana alaƙa ta asali da ta haddasawa tsakanin barazanar bambancin halittu da bambancin al'adu. An bayyana cin zarafin al'adun gargajiya da al'adun gargajiyar a matsayin wani ɓangare na cin zarafi mafi girma a kan rayuwa, tare da tushen tarihin mallaka. Rahoton Tsira da Ci gaba na iya Kashe haskakawa cewa mamayewar Amurka da Ostiraliya da Turawa suka yi ya kawar da kashi 90% na 'yan asalin ƙasar a waɗannan nahiyoyin. Barazanar kisan kare dangi na ci gaba.
Most fundamentally, Survival believes that it is the respect for the right to keep their land that may allow them to survive. The issues of human rights and freedom depend on the land on which they can subsist and develop according to their own culture. Interference with this basic need endangers their capacity to live sustainably.
In January 2019, the newly elected president of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro stripped the indigenous affairs agency FUNAI of the responsibility to identify and demarcate indigenous lands. He argued that those territories have very tiny isolated populations and proposed to integrate them into the larger Brazilian society. According to the Survival International, "Taking responsibility for indigenous land demarcation away from FUNAI, the Indian affairs department, and giving it to the Agriculture Ministry is virtually a declaration of open warfare against Brazil’s tribal peoples."
Gangamin
Kungiyoyin dan Tattalin Arziki na forasashen duniya don ƙabilun da ba a sadu da su ba a cikin yankin na Peru, da yawa daga cikin indan asali waɗanda ba a san su ba a cikin Brazil, Rasha, West Papua, da kusan kabilu 30 a ƙasashe da yawa a Kudancin Amurka, Afirka da Asiya. Suna zaɓar shari'arsu bisa la'akari da ma'aunin da ƙungiyar ta kafa, wanda ya dogara da abubuwa da dama, kamar aminci da ci gaba da bayanin, yanayin yanayin da ƙabilar da ake magana a kanta ke fuskanta, matakin da suka yi imani da shi ayyukansu na iya kawo canji na gaske, gwargwadon yadda ingantawa a wannan yanki zai haifar da tasiri ga wasu, ko akwai wata ƙungiya da ta riga ta fara aiki a kan lamarin, kuma ko suna da tabbacin abin da mutane da kansu suke so.
Babban barazana ga kabilun da yakin neman tsira shine mamaye ƙasashensu don bincika albarkatu. Wannan koyaushe yana haifar da ƙaura tilastawa, asarar dorewa da tilasta canje-canje ta hanyar rayuwarsu. Mati Yawancin lokaci, wannan yana tare da cututtuka daga haɗuwa da waɗanda ke waje waɗanda suke da tsarin rigakafi marasa shiri - wannan barazanar ita kaɗai na iya shafe ƙabilun baki ɗaya. Garkuwa da / ko masu kiwon shanu sun shafi mafi yawan waɗannan ƙabilun, daga Kudancin Amurka, Afirka zuwa Australasia. Arhuaco, a cikin Kolombiya, suna da gonakin magani, masu alaƙa da musayar wuta daga yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da bukatun gwamnati. Ogiek, a Kenya, suna da gonakin shayi, kuma Amungme a Indonesia, San a Botswana, Dongria Kondh a Indiya, da Palawan a Philippines suna da wuraren hakar ma'adinai. Sauran sashen duniya masu tsira sun kuma nuna a cikin kamfen ɗin su game da cin zarafin da ake yi a kan hanyar su ta rayuwa sakamakon aikin mishan. Arhuaco, Ayoreo, Aborigines, Innu da kabilu da yawa a Yammacin Papua duk sun gamu da mummunan hari akan al'adunsu daga menene, za'a iya cewa a mahangar Tsira, na iya zama kyakkyawar niyya, amma duk da haka yana lalata rayuwar su. 'Ya'yan Khanty da Wanniyala-Aetto an sace su don su girma cikin addinai da al'adun kasashen waje. A cikin dogon lokaci, waɗannan ayyukan suna cin nasara cikin haɗuwa da lalata rukunin mutane.
Baya ga shan wahalar kisan kare dangi da aka kawo ta cuta da yunwa (wanda hakan ya samo asali ne sakamakon rasa muhallinsu da kuma sata ƙasa mai kyau daga gare su), Survival sun ce wasu kabilun sun sha fama da kamfen na kisan kai tsaye. Yawancin kabilun da ke Kudancin Amurka, kamar su Awá, Akuntsu, Guaraní da Yanomami, an kashe su ne a gaban ma’aikatan kasashe daban-daban, masu kiwo da ‘yan bindiga don haya, yayin da kabilun Afirka da Asiya suka sha fama da kisan gilla a hannun gwamnati. . Kungiyar vasa ta Duniya ta nuna ƙabilar Akuntsu, daga cikin mambobi biyar kawai suka rage, a matsayin misali na abin da wannan barazanar ke wakilta: a ƙarshe kisan ƙare dangi ga dukan mutane.
Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta yi kira ga hankali game da ƙaruwar kashe kansa a cikin kabilu kamar Innu, Aborigines na Australiya da Guarani, sakamakon tsoma baki a waje da al'adun kabilun da kuma tsanantawa kai tsaye. Cutuwa ko Wahalar da baƙin ciki na tilasta yin kaura, da yawa daga cikin kabilun sun sami kansu cikin yanke kauna suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin da ba su saba da shi ba, inda babu wani abu mai amfani da za a yi, kuma inda sabbin maƙwabta suke musu ƙyamar wariyar launin fata. Sauran illolin zamantakewar jama'a daga wannan kaura an nuna su ne ga shaye-shaye da tashin hankali, tare da kamfen ɗin da ke ba da rahoton ƙarar Innu, Mursi, Bodi, Konso da Wanniyala-Aetto. Mutanen ƙabilu kuma sun fi fuskantar matsalar yin lalata da su. Daga cikin kabilun da Survival International ta yi yakin neman zabe tare da su, an ba da rahoton fyade na ’yan mata da mata daga ma’aikatan kamfanoni masu mamaye yankin kabilun‘ yan asalin na Penan, Yammacin Papuan, Jummas da Jarawa.
Matsayin gwamnati a cikin waɗannan yankuna ya bambanta. Yawancin kabilun Brazil suna da kariya a ƙarƙashin doka, yayin da a zahiri akwai tsayin daka a cikin manufofi da ƙaƙƙarfan goyon baya ga kamfanonin da ke aiwatar da waɗannan barazanar game da rayuwarsu. A cikin Afirka, an tsananta wa kabilun San da sauran kabilu da duka da azabtarwa don tilasta ƙaura, da kisan kai a cikin Nuba, da cikin Bangladesh, Asiya, tare da Jummas. Wani loaci dole gwamnati ke bada diyya ga Survival suka yi imani da su ba wasu abubuwa ne da ba a so don ƙabilun, waɗanda aka nuna a matsayin "cigaba".
A watan Afrilu na shekarar 2012, kungiyar ta Survival International ta kaddamar da wani kamfen a duk duniya, tare da goyan bayan dan wasan kwaikwayo Colin Firth, don kare mutanen Awa-Guajá na Brazil, wanda kungiyar ke ganin su ne "kabilar da ta fi fuskantar barazana a duniya".
Kulawa da 'yan jarida
Kungiyar Survival International ta sami ɗan kulawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai tsawon shekaru tare da kamfen da aikin magoya bayan sa kai. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka amince da su sun hada da Richard Gere, wanda ya yi magana game da Jumma na Bangladesh, Julie Christie, wacce ta ba da Rediyo 4 a madadin Khanty na Siberia, Judi Dench, wanda ya yi gargadin abubuwan da suka faru game da Arhuaco na Colombia, da Colin Firth, wanda yayi magana game da korar ƙabilar San,  kuma don nuna goyon baya ga mutanen Awa-Guajá.
Koyaya, kafofin watsa labarai ba koyaushe suke tausayawa kungiyar ba. A cikin 1995, Hukumar Talabijin mai zaman kanta ta hana ɗayan tallace-tallace na vasashen Duniya na Tsira, ta ambaci Dokar Watsa Labarai ta 1990, wacce ta ce ƙungiyoyi ba za su iya tallata ayyukansu ba idan ya kasance cikakke ne ko kuma galibi na yanayin siyasa. An watsa tallan a tashar tashar kiɗa The Box da kuma tauraron dan adam na MTV wanda ke kan hanyar VH-1. Richard Gere ya fitar da sanarwar yana kira ga masu kallo da su taimaka don dakatar da kisan mutane da kuma amfani da su da ake yi wa kabilu.
An sake samun sabani bayan wata kasida a cikin jaridar The Observer ta jefa shakku da tsoro a kan rahoton da Survival International ta bayar game da wata kabila da ba a sadu da ita ba a cikin Peru, wanda ya hada da hoto tare da 'yan kabilun suna harba kibiyoyi a jirgin sama. Bayan wani artabu mai zafi da aka kwashe watanni ana yi, tare da barazanar kai Survival International a kotu don yin batanci, The Observer ya ƙare da yarda a watan Agusta 2008 cewa labarin ya sa ba daidai ba. A cikin wani bayani, jaridar ta ce: "Duk da cewa The Observer ba za ta iya daukar nauyin bayanan wasu kafofin watsa labarai ba amma tana da aiki a karkashin Dokar Editocin kada ta buga 'bayanai marasa inganci, ko yaudara ko gurbatattu'. Ya fadi a cikin wannan aikin a nan. ”
Gwamnatin Botswana, wacce Survival International ta samu sabani na dogon lokaci tare da ita game da yadda gwamnati ke kula da mutanen San a Babban Tsibirin Tsari na Kalahari, ta koka game da yadda labarai ba daidai ba a manyan kafofin watsa labarai. 'Yan San sun kalubalanci gwamnati a kotu sau da yawa game da' yancinsu na ci gaba da kasancewa a yankinsu ba tare da tsangwama ba. Ian Khama, Shugaban kasar Botswana, ya bayyana cewa, Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya "tana hana su kuma musamman yaransu damar da za su iya girma tare da yadda ake amfani da su," wanda hakan ke tilastawa 'yan asalin su ci gaba da "rayuwa mai matukar koma baya". An yi zargin cewa gwamnatin Botswana "ta umarci dukkan shugabannin sashe a kafafen yada labaran kasar da su tabbatar da cewa duk wani rahoto mara kyau game da sauya wuraren da ake takaddama daga Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) ya kamata a bambanta shi sosai da bayanan gwamnati da ake nema yanzu." A cikin watan Mayu na 2013, Survival International ta zargi gwamnati da shirin korar San daga gidajensu a Ranyane. Wakilin gwamnati Jeff Ramsay ya Sha musanta wannan zargin kuma ya bayyana Survival International a matsayin "kungiyar ba da wariyar launin fata". Daga baya kungiyar ta 'Survival International' ta ruwaito cewa a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, Babbar Kotun Botswana ta yanke hukuncin dakatar da korar mutanen har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. An rawaito wani mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam na kungiyar ta Survival International yana cewa, "Ban san yadda gwamnati za ta ce babu shari'ar ba, kuma ba su shirin korar su a lokacin da Ranyane Bushmen ke kai gwamnatin kasar kotu don a daina cire ta. " Daraktan Majalisar Khwedom, Keibakile Mogodu, ya ce, "Mun yi ta tattaunawa a kan batun tare da jami'an gwamnati, eh zan iya tabbatar da cewa gwamnati ta kamata ta koma [Basarwa] dari shida a ranar Litinin, [27 ga Mayu]." An shigar da kara a madadin San.
A cikin shekarata 2005, Tsira ta buga littafin Akwai Ka Tafi! ( Oren Ginzburg ), wanda ke nuna al'umman ƙabila da ci gaban ya cutar da su. Duka a jumlar littafin, Stephen Corry ya rubuta: "'Ci gaban' mutanen kabilu ba tare da son ransu ba - da gaske don barin wasu su sami ƙasarsu da albarkatunsu - ya samo asali ne daga mulkin mallaka na ƙarni na 19 ('Mun sani mafi kyau') sun shiga cikin ƙarni na 20 ' siyasa daidai 'euphemism. Al’ummomin kabilu ba koma baya ba ne: al’umma ce masu zaman kansu kuma masu kuzari waɗanda, kamar kowane ɗayanmu koyaushe, koyaushe suna dacewa da canjin duniya. Babban bambanci tsakanin mutanen kabilu da mu shine mun dauki ƙasarsu da albarkatun su, kuma munyi imanin marasa gaskiya, har ma masu wariyar launin fata, suna da'awar cewa don amfanin kansu ne. Cin nasara, ba ci gaba ba. Idan da gaske kuna son fahimtar abin da ke faruwa, karanta wannan littafin. "
Kungiyar Survival International ta ƙarfafa magoya bayanta su yi amfani da kafofin watsa labarai da yawa don yada wayar da kan jama'a game da batun haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa. A cikin jagorar Walk your Talk, kungiyar tana ba da nasihu kan ayyuka daban-daban, daga rubuta wasiku zuwa gwamnatoci, zuwa yada maganar ta hanyar daukar nauyi, takardu, zanga-zanga, nuna finafinai, da karbar kudi daga abubuwa da dama.
Masana A Hadarin (SAR)
Masana a Hadarin (SAR) ne a Amurka na tushen kasa da kasa na cibiyar sadarwa na ilimi cibiyoyin shirya ga goyon baya da kuma kare ka'idojin 'yancin samun ilmi, kuma don kare hakkin dan Adam na malamai a duniya. Membobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da cibiyoyin ilimi sama da 530 a cikin ƙasashe 42.
Tarihi
An kafa Malamai masu Hadari a lokacin shirin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam a Jami'ar Chicago a shekarata 1999 inda aka fara tare da babban taro a watan Yunin 2000. Yana da hedkwatarsa a cikin harabar Greenwich Village na Jami'ar New York. Rob Quinn shine darektan Masana a Hadarin. In 2001, Scholars at Risk joined with other international education and human rights organizations to launch the Network for Education and Academic Rights (NEAR). When NEAR disbanded SAR continued this work through its Academic Freedom Media Review, Scholars-in-Prison Project and Academic Freedom Monitoring Project.
A cikin shekarata 2002, SAR tayi aiki tare da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya wacce aka kafa Asusun Ceto Masanin Ilimi na IIE. Asusun na bayar da tallafin kudi ga malaman da ke fuskantar mummunar barazana ta yadda za su iya tserewa daga mummunan yanayi kuma su ci gaba da aikin karatunsu cikin aminci.
A cikin shekarata 2003, hedokwatar cibiyar sadarwar ta ƙaura daga Jami'ar Chicago zuwa harabar Birnin New York na Jami'ar New York. A cikin 2005, SAR da abokan haɗin gwiwa sun fara shirya 'sassan' SAR da 'cibiyoyin sadarwar abokan hulɗa' a duk duniya, gina al'umma a duniya sun yi alƙawarin taimakawa masana da haɓaka freedomancin ilimi a ko'ina.
Daga shekarata 2007 zuwa shekarar 2010, SAR ta jagoranci jerin bitoci don samar da aminci, buɗaɗɗen taro don masana da masu ba da shawara daga ko'ina cikin duniya don tattaunawa kan girman yanki na 'yanci na ilimi da ƙalubalen da aka fuskanta, da haɓaka haɓaka martani. Waɗannan sun haifar da ci gaban tsarin karatun 'yanci na ilimi kuma a cikin 2011 zuwa kungiyoyin wucin gadin yancin Ilimi, waɗanda suka yi bincike game da kariya ga freedomancin ilimi a ƙarƙashin dokar' yancin ɗan adam ta duniya.
A shekarata 2012, SAR launched the Academic Freedom Monitoring Project, through which volunteer researchers document attacks on higher education in specific countries or regions which are then published in a report. The first Free to Think report was published in 2015 and since then it has been published annually.
A cikin shekarata 2014, SAR ta sake ƙaddamar da Seminar Ba da Shawarar Studentalibai, wani yunƙuri wanda ta hanyar masu binciken malamai ke taimaka wa ɗalibai haɓaka ci gaba da dabarun bayar da shawarwari yayin binciken hare-hare kan al'ummomin ilimi.
Ayyuka
An shirya ayyukan SAR a ƙarƙashin manyan ginshiƙai guda uku: Kariya, Ba da Shawara da Ilmantarwa.
Kariya
SAR ta shirya wuraren zama na mafaka a jami'o'i da kwalejoji a cikin hanyar sadarwa don masu hankali waɗanda ke guje wa zalunci da tashin hankali. Ana tura malamai zuwa cibiyar sadarwar don kimantawa, din taimakon juna.
Shawara
Masu ilmi a Hadarin suna ba da shawara a madadin masana ilimi, marubuta, masu zane-zane, da sauran masu hankali waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar a cikin ƙasashensu. SAR ta shirya kamfen na duniya don tallafawa malamai da ɗaliban da ke kurkuku. Yana shigar da ɗalibai a cikin Seminar Ba da Shawarar Studentalibai da kuma Cibiyoyin Shari'a don koyon ainihin binciken duniya da ƙwarewar ba da shawara. Adam Braver a Jami'ar Roger Williams shine Mai Gudanar da Seminar da'awar. A cikin ranakun Bayar da Shawarar Studentalibai na Amurka suma an shirya su. SAR kuma tana gudanar da bincike tare da cibiyar yanar gizo na masu bincike na sa kai don Tsarin Kula da 'Yanci na Ilimi.
Koyo
SAR tana shirya abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke tallafawa koyo game da yancin ilimi, kamar taron shekara-shekara na Duniya, taron karawa juna ilimi / masu bincike, jerin masu magana da kakakin SAR, ƙungiyoyin bincike, bita kan inganta ƙimar ilimi mai girma. SAR kwanan nan ta kirkiro MOOC mai suna Tambayoyi masu Hadari tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Oslo.
Tsarin
In 2003, the network headquarters relocated from the University of Chicago to the New York City campus of New York University. In 2018 a European office was opened in Ireland at Maynooth University. SAR has sections in different countries which coordinate activities of SAR members in that country.
SAR Sashe
A cikin shekarata 2005, SAR da abokan haɗin gwiwa sun fara shirya 'sassan' SAR da 'cibiyoyin sadarwar abokan hulɗa' a duk duniya, gina al'umma a duniya sun yi alƙawarin taimakawa masana da haɓaka yancin ilimi a ko'ina. An kafa sassan SAR a cikin Isra'ila (2005, yanzu yana barci), United Kingdom (2006, tare da CARA), Netherlands (2009, tare da UAF), Ireland (2009, tare da Jami'o'in Ireland), Norway (2011), Kanada (2012), Switzerland (2015), Sweden (2016), Jamus (2016), Finland (2017), Amurka (2018), Denmark (2019), Italia (2019), da Slovakia (2019), yayin da aka kafa cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa tare da pre -wadatar cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma a Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka.
Haɗin kai da haɗin gwiwa
Zuwa yau, SAR ta ƙirƙiri Hanyoyin Sadarwar Abokin Hulɗa masu zuwa:
Magna Charta Observatory: A watan Satumbar ma shekarata 2015, Masana a Risk da Magna Charta sun yarda da ƙirƙirar hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da jami'o'in 802 a cikin ƙasashe 85.
Kamfanin Sadarwar Abokin Hulɗa na UNICA-SAR: UNICA cibiyar sadarwa ce ta jami’o’i 46 daga manyan biranen 35 na Turai. Matsayinta shine haɓaka ingantaccen ilimi, haɗakawa da haɗin kai tsakanin jami'o'in membobi a ko'ina cikin Turai. Hakanan yana neman kasancewa jagora mai haɓaka ci gaban aikin Bologna da kuma sauƙaƙe haɗakar jami'o'i daga Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai zuwa Yankin Ilimi mafi girma na Turai.
Poungiyar Compostela ta Jami'o'in : An kafa ta a cikin 1993, poungiyar Jami'o'in Compostela ƙungiya ce ta ba da agaji ta duniya wacce yanzu ta ƙunshi fiye da jami'o'i 60 a cikin ƙasashe 27. CGU na neman ƙarfafa hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin membobin jami'o'inta; tsara abubuwan da za a yi nazari da tattaunawa kan batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafi ilimi mafi girma na duniya; da inganta motsi da haɗin kai tsakanin membobi a matsayin tushen inganta ilimin al'adu da yare.
Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes: Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes (COMUE) ya haɗu da SAR a matsayin hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin Janairu 2017. An kafa COMUE a Faransa a watan Disamba na 2014 kuma ya ƙunshi mambobi shida da haɗin gwiwar manyan makarantu huɗu. Manufarsa ita ce ƙirƙirar jami'ar bincike ta fannoni daban-daban tare da babban martabar ƙasashen duniya da haɗin gida mai ƙarfi wanda ke kirkirar jama'a.
swissuniversities: A cikin 2012, jami'o'i, jami'o'in ilimin kimiyya da jami'o'in ilimin malanta a duk faɗin Switzerland sun kafa swissuniversities, ƙungiyar da aka keɓe don ƙarfafawa da haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin cibiyoyin ilimi na Switzerland da haɓaka murya ɗaya a kan al'amuran ilimi. swissuniversities kuma suna daidaita ayyuka da aiki a matakin ƙasa kamar yadda taron ƙasashen Switzerland na rectors na membobinsa 30 da ƙari. .
Makarantun Koyon Ilimin Fasaha da Kimiyya na Switzerland : Makarantun koyon aikin sun hada kansu musamman don daidaita tattaunawa tsakanin kimiyya da al'umma, kuma suna ba da shawara ga siyasa da zamantakewar al'umma dangane da al'amuran da suka shafi kimiyya wadanda suka dace da al'umma. Suna wakiltar ilimin kimiyya a duk faɗin cibiyoyi da horo. An kafa shi a cikin ƙungiyar masana kimiyya, suna da damar samun ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa don haka suna iya ba da takamaiman ilimi ga mahimman tambayoyin siyasa
Orungiyar Hadin gwiwar Ilimi ta Arewacin Amurka : Consungiyar Hadin gwiwar Ilimin Arewacin Amurka (CONAHEC) tana haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin cibiyoyi, ƙungiyoyi da hukumomin manyan makarantu a Kanada, Mexico, Amurka, da kuma duniya baki ɗaya. CONAHEC na haɓaka shirye-shirye da damar ilimi don shirya ƙwararrun masanan duniya waɗanda ke iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban yankin da ingantacciyar duniya.
Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi da Ilimi Mai Kyau (ARES): Kamar yadda tarayyar jami’o’in Faransanci a yankin Wallonie da ke kudancin Belgium, ARES ke tsara ayyukan manyan cibiyoyin ilimi 127. ARES tana tallafawa sa hannu da haɓaka ci gaban cibiyoyin membobinta a cikin haɗin gwiwa na cikin gida da na duniya ta hanyar inganta hangen nesa na duniya game da ilimin firamare.
Hijira ta Duniya, Haɗuwa da Hadin Kan Jama'a (IMISCOE): IMISCOE cibiyar sadarwa ce ta Turai ta masana a fannin ƙaura da haɗin kai kuma tana aiki da bincike da bugawa na kwatancen waɗanda aka buga a cikin jerin littattafan IMISCOE da mujallar CMS. IMISCOE yana da asusun haɗin kai kuma yana amfani da shi don tallafawa cibiyoyin membobinsu don karɓar bakuncin masu bincike a ƙarƙashin barazanar. Don wannan ya zama memba na SAR. IMISCOE na ba da gudummawa ga horar da matasa masu bincike da musayar su a duk Turai. Hakanan, IMISCOE yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tattaunawar tsakanin masu bincike da al'umma (siyasa, siyasa, ƙungiyoyin jama'a).
Studentsungiyar Studentsasashen Turai (ESU): Studentsungiyar Studentsalibai ta Turai (ESU) ita ce ƙawancen ƙungiyar 46 Unungiyoyin Studentsungiyoyin Studentsalibai (NUS) 46 daga ƙasashe 39. Manufar ESU ita ce wakilta da haɓaka bukatun ilimi, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da al'adu na ɗalibai a matakin Turai zuwa ga dukkanin ƙungiyoyin da suka dace kuma musamman Unionungiyar Tarayyar Turai, Bologna Follow Up Group, Majalisar Turai da UNESCO. Ta hanyar membobinta, ESU tana wakiltar kusan ɗalibai miliyan 15 a Turai.
Mexungiyar Meziko ta Ilimi ta Duniya (AMPEI): Mexungiyar Mexico ta Ilimi ta Duniya (Asociación Mexicana para la Educación Internacional) ƙungiya ce mai ba da riba wacce ke da niyyar ƙarfafa ƙimar ilimin ilimi na manyan makarantun Mexico na manyan makarantu ta hanyar ƙasashen duniya da haɗin gwiwar duniya.
Tom Wilkinson
Don rawar da ya taka a fim din barkwanci The Full Monty (1997) ya sami lambar yabo ta BAFTA don Mafi kyawun Jarumi a Matsayin Taimako. Ya karɓi nadin babbar lambar yabo ta Academy guda biyu, ɗayan don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo don A cikin Bedroom (2001) ɗayan kuma don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Tallafi na Michael Clayton a shekarar (2007).
Tasowarsa da kuma Karatu
An haifi Wilkinson a ranar 5 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1948 a Wharfedale, West Riding na Yorkshire, ɗan Marjorie da Thomas Wilkinson, manomi. A lokacin da suke da shekaru 11, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Kitimat, British Columbia, a Kanada, inda suka zauna tsawon shekaru biyar kafin su koma United Kingdom da gudanar da mashaya a Cornwall. Wilkinson ya sauke karatu a cikin Turanci da adabin Amurka daga Jami'ar Kent a Canterbury, yayin da yake jami'a, Wilkinson ya shagaltu da yin aiki da jagoranci tare da Jami'ar Kent Drama Society (yanzu ana kiranta T24 Drama Society). Bayan ya kammala digirinsa, Wilkinson ya halarci Royal Academy of Dramatic Art a Landan, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1973.
Kwallon kafa a Djibouti
Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shi ne mafi shaharar wasanni a Djibouti. Ƙasar ta zama mamba a FIFA a shekarar 1994, amma sai dai ta shiga wasannin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a tsakiyar shekarar 2000. A watan Nuwambar 2007, tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Djibouti ta doke 'yan wasan ƙasar Somaliya da ci 1-0 a zagayen neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFA na shekarar 2010, wanda ke nuna nasarar farko da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya.
Manazarta
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Elvy Kalep
Alviine-Johanna Kalep (26 Yuni 1899 - 15 Agusta 1989), wanda aka fi sani ta Elvy Kalep, 'yar Estoniya ne kuma matukiyar jirgi na farko na ƙasar,kuma mai fasaha,mai zanen wasan yara da marubuciyar yara sau ɗaya.
Kalep ta girma a Estonia da Rasha,kuma daga baya ta koma China don tserewa yakin basasa na Rasha.Ta yi aiki a ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin mai fassara ga jami'an soja a China kafin ta zauna a Paris don nazarin fasaha tare da Alexandre Jacovleff.A cikin 1931,ta cancanci zama matukiyar jirgi a Jamus,inda ta zama matukiyar jirgi mace ta farko ta Estoniya. tayi abokantaka da ma'aikaciyar jirgin Amurka Amelia Earhart,ta shiga cikin 999 kuma ta ɗauki aikin ƙarfafa wasu mata su shiga jirgin sama. Ta rubuta kuma ta kwatanta littafin yara game da tashi,Air Babies,wanda aka fara bugawa a 1936.
Bayan ta zauna a Amurka, Kalep taa kafa kasuwancin kera kayan wasa a New York.Duk da cewa an tilasta mata rufe kasuwancin a 1946 saboda rashin lafiyarta,ta sami rayuwa a cikin shekarun 1950 ta hanyar sayar da haƙƙin mallaka ga ƙirar wasan yara ga manyan ƴan kasuwa.A cikin shekarun baya bayan nan,ta ƙirƙira zane-zane daga fata, waɗanda ta baje kolin a duk faɗin Amurka.Ta mutu a Florida a 1989.
Kuruciya
An haifi Kalep a ranar 26 ga Yuni 1899 a ƙauyen Taali a Tori Parish, gundumar Pärnu.Ita kaɗai ce 'yar Joanna (née Liidemann) da maƙalla Aksel Emil, waɗanda dukansu suka mutu lokacin da take ƙarama. Ta halarci Tallinna Tütarlaste Kommertsgümnaasium, makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata a Tallinn. lokacin da take matashi, Kalep ta ƙaura zuwa Rasha don ta zauna da wata inna a Saint Petersburg. Ta shaida abubuwan da suka haifar da juyin juya halin Fabrairu a 1917,kuma ta kwana a tsare 'yan sanda a matsayin mai shaida. Ta yi yunkurin guduwa ne a farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci wanda bai yi nasara ba, inda ta shaida yadda aka harbe wasu maza shida a lokacin da suke kan layi don sayen tikitin jirgin kasa daga kasar. Ita da mahaifiyarta sun koma Vladivostok, inda ta auri wani janar na Rasha,Count Slastšov, kuma ta haifi ɗa.Ta zauna a Vladivostok na tsawon shekaru takwas,a lokacin ta yi ƙoƙarin tserewa da yawa,kafin sabon danginta su sami nasarar tserewa zuwa China, mafakar da suka zaɓa saboda alakar Slastšov da Zhang Zuolin.
A cikin shekara guda da isa Harbin, China,ɗan Kalep ya mutu kuma mijinta ya ɓace. Kalep ta sami damar tallafawa kanta ta yin aiki a matsayin mai fassara—ta yi magana da Rashanci, Jamusanci, Ingilishi da Sinanci—ga wani janar na Burtaniya a Shenyang. Har ila yau, Zhang Zuolin da ɗansa, Zhang Xueliang suka yi mata aiki, amma ta yanke shawarar komawa Estonia a 1925.Ta bi ta Indonesia, Italiya da Faransa kafin daga bisani ta isa Tallinn a 1926. Ba da daɗewa ba ta zauna a birnin Paris,inda ta yi nazarin fasahar zanen mai tare da mai zanen Rasha Alexandre Jacovleff. Ta auri Rolf Baron von Hoeningen-Bergendorff, wanda dan asalin Jamus ne ko Austriya.
Aikin jirgin sama
Kalep ta fara shawagi a ƙarshen 1920s,lokacin da ta haɗu da wani ɗan ƙasar Holland Anthony Fokker a lokacin hutu a St. Moritz kuma ta tambaye shi ya koya mata tukin jirgin sama. Ta kammala jirgin sama na sa'o'i biyar tare da Fokker kuma,bayan karya hannunta yayin wani hatsarin sledding a cikin hunturu na 1931,ta ɗauki gwajin matukinta a Jamus a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1931.Ta ci nasara,inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta cancanta daga Estonia, kuma mace ta bakwai da ta ci jarrabawar a Jammus. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan samun lasisinta, Kalep da Valter Mayer, wani makaniki na Jamus, sun haɗu da wani ƙaramin jirgin Klemm daga Berlin ta yankin Baltic, ya tsaya a Szczecin, Gdańsk, Kaunas, Jelgava da Riga,a ƙarshe ya sauka a Tallinn a ranar 18 ga Agusta. Lokacin da ta isa Tallinn, Kalep ta samu tarba daga taron 'yan jarida da jami'an rundunar sojojin saman Estoniya ;Ta ɗan ziyarci dangi a Nõmme kafin ta fara tafiya ta komawa Amsterdam.