cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
The Disaster Artist (film)
Makirci
Zuwa watan Yuni 2003, Amber da Greg sun rabu kuma Greg ya fara aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Tommy ya gama aiki akan The Room a cikin watanni takwas tun bayan faduwar su, kuma ya gayyaci Greg zuwa farkon. Greg da farko yana da jinkiri, amma Tommy ya gamsar da shi ya zo kuma, ga mamakin sa, duk simintin da matukan jirgin suma suna halarta. Masu sauraro masu iyawa suna amsawa tare da yin shiru sannan kuma, ƙara, tare da raha ga ƙarancin aikin Tommy, rubutun, da dabarun yin fim. Tashin hankali Tommy ya fito daga gidan wasan kwaikwayon, amma Greg ya dawo da shi kuma ya nuna lokacin da masu sauraro ke jin daɗi, yayin da yake sulhunta abota da shi. Tare da sabon fatan alheri, Tommy ya ɗauki matakin yayin da endsakin ya ƙare kuma ya nuna godiyarsa ga kyakkyawar tarbar fim ɗin "comedic". Ya gayyaci Greg don ya kasance tare da shi, kuma ma'auratan sun sami tsayin daka.
A cikin abubuwan da aka ba da lambar yabo, Tommy ya sadu da Henry, ɗan biki (wanda ainihin Tommy Wiseau ya buga) wanda ya tambayi Tommy idan yana son yin waje. Ya ƙi, duk da cewa ya san sanannen lafazin “New Orleans” na Henry.
Jefa
Kristen Bell, Ike Barinholtz, Adam Scott, Kevin Smith, Keegan-Michael Key, Lizzy Caplan, Danny McBride, Zach Braff da JJ Abrams sun bayyana da kansu a cikin gabatarwar tattaunawa akan The Room da suna. Sauran matsayin sun haɗa da John Early a matsayin babban mai taimakawa Burton Chris Snyder, Joe Mande a matsayin DP Todd Barron, Charlyne Yi a matsayin mai ƙera kayan safowa Bright-Asare, Kelly Oxford a matsayin mai zane-zane Amy Von Brock, Tom Franco a matsayin Karl, Zoey Deutch a matsayin abokin aikin Tommy Bobbi Bobbi, Sugar Lyn Beard a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo na binciken Lisa, Brian Huskey a matsayin mai ba da banki, Randall Park a matsayin abokin aikin Greg na Rob, Jerrod Carmichael a matsayin abokin wasan Greg na, Casey Wilson a matsayin darektan simintin, Lauren Ash a matsayin mai sayad da furanni a cikin Dakin ' Hi, doggie '' jerin, da Angelyne a matsayin kanta. Bryan Cranston yana yin kamannin da ba a san shi ba kamar kansa. Greg Sestero ya bayyana a matsayin mataimakiyar darektan simintin gyare-gyare, yayin da Tommy Wiseau ya bayyana a fagen ba da lamuni a matsayin hali mai suna Henry.
Ci gaba
A watan Fabrairu 2014, kamfanin samar da Seth Rogen Point Gray Pictures ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya sami littafin da haƙƙin fim ga The Artist Artist. An saita James Franco don yin jagora da wasa Wiseau, kuma an jefa ɗan'uwansa Dave Franco a matsayin Sestero. James Franco ya bayyana Mawakin Bala'i shine "haɗin Boogie Nights da The Master ". A cewar Franco, da farko Wiseau ya yi fatan Johnny Depp zai taka shi. A cikin Afrilu 2016, an ba da rahoton cewa taken ya canza daga Mai Bala'in Bala'i zuwa Babban Jagora, kodayake An tabbatar da Mawaƙin Bala'i a matsayin taken hukuma lokacin da aka sanar da farkon fim ɗin SXSW.
Jefa
A cikin Yuni 2014, ƙanin James Franco, Dave Franco, ya ba da sanarwar ba da izini ba a tsakar dare yana nuna The Room cewa an jefa shi cikin rawar haɗin gwiwa na Greg Sestero. Wiseau ya yaba da shawarar a zaman Tambaya da Amsa. Fim ɗin shine haɗin gwiwa na farko na James da ɗan'uwan Dave, kamar yadda ƙaramin Franco ya ce ya nemi ayyukan daban -daban da gangan, a cikin hirar da aka yi da shi a Fim ɗin Fina -Finan Duniya na Toronto, "Ba na son mutane su yi tunanin cewa ni nake hawa coattails. " Kamar yadda New Line Cinema nemi a saya The Bala'i Artist a watan Oktoba 2015, daya daga cikin film ta kera, kuma m Franco collaborator, Shitu Rogen, da ke cikin tattaunawar yi wasa The Room ' rubutun duba, Sandy Schklair. An bayyana ragowar manyan fitattun a cikin kwanaki kafin fara yin fim, a farkon Disamba 2015: Josh Hutcherson a matsayin Philip Haldiman, Ari Graynor a matsayin Juliette Danielle, Jacki Weaver a matsayin Carolyn Minnott, Hannibal Buress a matsayin Bill Meur, Andrew Santino a matsayin Scott Holmes, da Zac Efron a matsayin Dan Janjigian. Matar Dave Franco, Alison Brie, ta shiga simintin a matsayin budurwar Sestero na lokacin, Amber, kuma daga baya aka sanar da cewa an jefa Sharon Stone a matsayin wakilin baiwa na Hollywood Iris Burton. Sestero ya bayyana a cikin Janairu 2016 cewa an saka Bryan Cranston a cikin fim ɗin a cikin rawar da ba a bayyana ba. A cikin Nuwamba 2016, an bayyana shi yana wasa da kansa yayin lokacin aikinsa akan Malcolm a Tsakiya.
Kiɗa
Dave Porter ne ya tsara ƙimar fim ɗin.
Yin fim
Babban hoto ya fara ne a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2015, a Los Angeles, kuma ya ƙare a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2016. Daga cikin wuraren da aka yi amfani da su akwai The Ojai Apartments akan Whitley Terrace a Hollywood.
Saki
Fim ɗin yana da farkon sa, a cikin wani tsari na ci gaba, a Kudu ta Kudu maso Yamma a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2017. A watan Mayu 2017, A24 ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim, kuma ta saita fim ɗin don iyakancewar saki a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2017, kafin a fitar da shi a ranar 8 ga Disamba Warner Bros. Hotuna yana rarraba fim ɗin a duniya,  kuma ya sami sakin IMAX a yankuna da aka zaɓa kuma. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2017, A24 ya ɗora allo a kan Highland Avenue a Los Angeles wanda ya kwafa ainihin allon The Room ɗin da Wiseau ya kiyaye daga 2003 zuwa 2008.
Ofishin tikitoci
Fim ɗin ya ci dala miliyan 1.2 daga gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na 19 a cikin ƙarshen ƙarshen buɗewa, ya ƙare na 12 a ofishin akwatin kuma ya kai $ 64,254 a kowane wuri, ɗayan mafi girman matsakaita na 2017. Fim ɗin yana da faɗin faɗinsa a mako mai zuwa, tare da buɗe Farawa Kawai, kuma an yi hasashen zai kai kusan dala miliyan 5 daga gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na 840 a ƙarshen mako. Ya ƙare har ya sami dala miliyan 6.4, yana ƙare na 4 a ofishin akwatin. Mako mai zuwa, duk da cewa an ƙara shi zuwa ƙarin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo 170, fim ɗin ya faɗi fiye da yadda ake tsammani 57% zuwa dala miliyan 2.7, ya ƙare a 8th. A karshen karshen mako na uku da aka saki mai yawa ya sami $ 884,576 ($ 1.2 miliyan a cikin tsarin Kirsimeti na kwana huɗu), yana faduwa zuwa 17th.
Akenzua II
Ọmọ n'Ọba n'Ẹdo Uku Akpọlọkpọlu, Aguobasimwin Eweka, Akenzua II (7 Janairu 1899 - 11 Yuni 1978) shi ne Oba na Benin (shugaban gargajiya na mutanen Edo, a Najeriya ) daga 1933 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1978.
The Disaster Artist (film)
Amsa mai mahimmanci
Mawaƙin Bala'i ya sami farin jini a lokacin da aka fara tantance shi a Kudu ta Kudu maso Yamma. A gidan yanar gizon tattara Rotten Tomatoes, fim ɗin yana da ƙimar yarda da kashi 91% dangane da sake dubawa 348 da matsakaicin darajar 7.80/10. Babban maƙasudin gidan yanar gizon ya karanta, "Oh, hai Mark. Mawaƙin Bala'i wani abin mamaki ne mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa game da fim wanda ke binciko tsarin ƙirƙirar tare da ƙoshin da ba a tsammani. " Metacritic ya ba fim ɗin matsakaicin matsakaicin maki 76 cikin 100 bisa masu sukar 44, yana nuna "sake dubawa masu kyau". Masu sauraro da PostTrak suka gabatar sun ba fim ɗin kashi 81% na tabbataccen ci gaba da kashi 66% "tabbataccen shawara".
Akenzua II
Mulki
An naɗa Akenzua II a matsayin Oba na Benin,-(sarkin Benin) a watan Afrilu 1933 bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, Eweka II (r.1914 - 1933) a watan Fabrairun wannan shekarar. Oba Akenzua II ya sadaukar da kansa ga samar da ilimin turawan yamma ga mutanensa, mutanen Edo.
A cikin 1936, ya fara yunƙurin komawa Najeriya Bronze na Benin da aka wawashe daga gidajen sarauta da bagadan kakanni a balaguron ladabtarwa na Benin na 1897. A lokacin mulkinsa, biyu ne kawai daga cikin tagulla 3,000 na fadar sarki aka mayar. Duk da haka, rawanin murjani guda biyu da tufafin murjani, wanda ake tunanin na Ovonramwen ne, an mayar masa da shi a ƙarshen shekarar 1930 ta hanyar GM Miller ɗan memba na balaguron Benin, wanda ya ba da rancen guntuwar ga Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya a 1935.
The Disaster Artist (film)
Amsa mai mahimmanci
Erik Childress na Jerin Waƙoƙin da aka yiwa lakabi da wasan James Franco "mafi kyawun ... tun lokacin da aka zaɓi Oscar a cikin sa'o'i 127. " Bugu da ari, ya rubuta cewa "a matsayina na darakta yana da kyau a ƙarshe a gan shi ya rungumi yankin nishaɗi na wasan kwaikwayo tare da isasshen abubuwan da za su yi wa abokin hamayyar Robert Altman's Player . " Peter Debruge na Iri -iri ya ce yana da "ainihin ƙarfin yin farin ciki, ko masu sauraron da ake tambaya sun ga Dakin ."
Akenzua II
Iyali
A cikin 1923 an haifi ɗansa na fari, Prince Solomon Aiseokhuoba Igbinoghodua Akenzua. Sunan da ya zaɓa an kafa shi ne akan sunan Ere, wanda ke da alaƙa da Oba Ernis wanda a al'adance ake ɗauka a matsayin Oba hamshakin attajiri.
The Disaster Artist (film)
Amsa mai mahimmanci
Da yake rubutu don Rolling Stone, Peter Travers ya ba fim ɗin 3.5 daga cikin taurari 4, yana mai cewa: “A matsayinta na darakta, Franco ya yi nasara da kyau wajen kawo haɗin kai ga hargitsi, kalmar da ta kwatanta daidai yadda aka yi wannan sabon fim ɗin tsakiyar dare. Kuna buƙatar ganin Roomakin don yabawa Mawaƙin Bala'i ? Ba da gaske ba. " Justin Chang na jaridar Los Angeles Times ya kira fim din "wani abin ban dariya, mai ban sha'awa na rashin nasara".
Akenzua II
Iyali
Zuriyar Akenzua sun haɗa da ƴarsa Princess Elizabeth Olowu, jikanya Peju Layiwola, da kuma jikansa Thompson Iyamu.
Mutuwa
Oba Akenzua II ya rasu ne a ranar 11 ga watan Yunin 1978, lokacin da ɗansa, Yarima Solomon, ya gaje shi, wanda ya riƙe muƙamin Oba Erediauwa kuma ya riƙe muƙamin shugaban gargajiya na mutanen Edo a birnin Benin, Najeriya.
The Disaster Artist (film)
Amsa mai mahimmanci
Manohla Dargis na Jaridar New York Times ya rubuta cewa "fim ne mai ban dariya daban -daban, amma haushin sa kuma na iya jin wuce gona da iri, a wasu lokutan yana birgewa kuma yana ɗan ɓoye". Peter Bradshaw na The Guardian ya ba fim ɗin taurari uku daga cikin taurari biyar, yana rubuta cewa yana kawo tambayoyin da ba a amsa ba, kuma "yana da damar ingantawa". Ignatiy Vishnevetsky na The AV Club ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar "C", yana kiran shi "abin ƙyama" kuma yana tambaya, "shin duk wanda bai taɓa ganin Dakin ba a zahiri zai iya haɗa kan wannan tunanin Z-grade daga kallon Mawaƙin Bala'i ? "
Daidaitaccen tarihi
Kodayake an dogara ne akan labarin gaskiya, fim ɗin yana yin wasan kwaikwayo kuma yana barin abubuwan da suka faru:
Ubaydah ɗan al-Harith
Ubaydah ɗan al-Harith ya kasance daya daga cikin sahabban Annabi Muhammad S.A.W kuma dan uwane makusanci a cikin dangin Annabi, Ubaydah ya kasance fari kyakkyawa.
Isiala Mbano
Isiala Mbano na daya daga cikin Kananan hukumomin dake a Jihar Imo a kudu maso Gabas, Nijeriya.
Sardago
Sardago  wani kauye ne a karamar hukumar Mani a jihar katsina
Sufuri a Lesotho
Wannan labarin ya shafi tsarin sufuri a Lesotho. A matsayinta na ƙasa landlocked, Lesotho ba ta da tashoshin jiragen ruwa ko tashar jiragen ruwa, amma tana da hanya, sufurin jiragen sama, da ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin jirgin ƙasa.
Hanyoyi
Kafin Lesotho ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1966, titin daya tilo da aka shimfida a kasar ita ce titin Kingway a babban birnin kasar, Maseru, tsakanin filin jirgin saman Mejametalana da fadar sarki. Tun daga farkon shekarun 1970, an inganta ababen more rayuwa na hanyoyin. A shekarar 1999, Lesotho tana da hanyar sadarwa mai tsayin 5940 km tsayinsa, wanda 1087 km sun kasance. An ba da mafi girman nauyi don haɗa cibiyoyin gundumomi, amma hanyoyin da ke tsakiyar Lesotho kuma an inganta su, a matsayin wani ɓangare na buƙatun gina aikin ruwa na tsaunukan Lesotho.
Layin dogo
Layin jirgin kasa daya tilo a Lesotho shine layin reshen Maseru, wanda ya hada Maseru babban birnin kasar zuwa layin Bloemfontein-Baitalami a cikin layin dogo na Afirka ta Kudu. 1.6 km na wannan layin, wanda ya buɗe a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba 1905, yana cikin iyakokin Lesotho, yana gudana daga gadar kan iyaka a kan kogin Mohokare ta yankin arewacin masana'antu na Maseru zuwa tashar wannan birni, tashar jirgin ƙasa tilo a ƙasar.
Sufurin Jirgin sama
Akwai jimillar filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama 28 a Lesotho, daga cikinsu 3 suna da shimfidar titin jirgin sama. Filin jirgin saman kasa da kasa daya tilo shine filin jirgin sama na Moshoeshoe I a Mazenod, mai tazara daga kudu maso gabas daga Maseru. Babban titin jirgin sama na Moshoeshoe shi ne kawai wanda ke da titin saukar jiragen sama sama da mita 1,523; yana da tsayin mita 3,200.
Daga cikin sauran filayen saukar jiragen sama, daya yana da shimfidar titin jirgin sama tsakanin mita 914 zuwa 1,523 tsayin sa da kuma titin titin saukar jiragen sama wanda tsawonsa bai kai mita 914 ba. Hudu daga cikin filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama na da layin saukar jiragen sama masu tsayi tsakanin mita 914 zuwa 1,523, yayin da sauran kuma ba su kai mita 914 ba. Dukkan rarrabuwa an yi su ta tsawon mafi tsayin titin jirgin sama a filin jirgin sama.
Sufurin Jirgin ruwa
Jirgin ruwa na cikin gida ya iyakance ga ƙananan kwale-kwale na jirgin ruwa a mashigar kogi, kuma gwamnatin Lesotho tana gudanar da jiragen ruwa a manyan mashigar ruwa.
Matsakaicin hanyoyin sufuri
Babban matsakaicin hanyoyin sufuri (IMTs) da ake amfani da su shine keken keke da dabbobin aiki. Wuraren da ke yaɗuwa a cikin birane da ƙauyuka kuma mata da maza suna amfani da su don jigilar kayan abinci, hatsi don niƙa, kwantena na ruwa, da kayan gini. A hankali ana rage mahimmancin keken keke don tattara ruwa ta hanyar samar da famfunan ruwa. Har ila yau kuma, na kowa a duka yankunan tsaunuka da ƙananan ƙasa akwai 'katunan scotch' masu ƙafa biyu masu tayoyin huhu. A baya ana jan su da shanu, amma a ’yan shekarun nan an samu karuwar amfani da shanu (mata), domin manoma ba sa mallakar shanu. Katunan sun bambanta da ƙira, wasu an yi su da tsofaffin gawawwakin ɗaukowa, wasu an yi su ta amfani da tsofaffin gatari, da yawa kuma an yi su ne bisa ƙa'idar ƙira ta ƙananan tarurrukan bita a Lesotho ko Afirka ta Kudu. Yawancin an yi musu ja. Tattaunawa tare da tarurrukan da ke samar da kuloli sun nuna cewa babbar matsalar ita ce samun ƙafafun ƙafafu da gatari da suka dace, da sauran albarkatun ƙasa, waɗanda abokan cinikinsu za su iya bayarwa. Dokin Basotho na da matukar muhimmanci a tsaunuka don hawa. Wani lokaci ana amfani da doki a matsayin dabbobi don ɗaukar kaya, amma wannan ba sabon abu ba ne. A gefe guda kuma jakuna ana amfani da su sosai a matsayin dabbobi a duk sassan gundumar. Ana yawan hawan jakuna, musamman samari kuma yawanci ba su da sirdi. Ya zama ruwan dare ga mata su hau doki, to amma kaɗan ne mata ke hawan jakuna. Wasu 'yan mutane, musamman maza, suna hawan jakuna da aka saka da sirdi. Alfadara ba sabon abu ba ne, kuma ana iya amfani da su don hawa ko ɗaukar kaya. Amfani da doki, alfadarai da jakuna wajen ja da kururuwa ya ragu sosai. Kadan ne kekunan jakuna masu ƙafafu biyu ko na doki, kodayake irin waɗannan kujerun sun zama ruwan dare a wasu ƙasashe na kudanci, gabashi, yamma da arewacin Afirka. Aƙalla yankuna biyu na birane (Maputsoe da Mafeteng) ƙananan ƴan kasuwa na sufuri suna amfani da karusai ko karusai masu tayoyin huhu waɗanda aka ja da su da doki guda (wani lokaci kuma ta jakuna biyu ko alfadari). A garin Mafeteng, masu jigilar kaya suna amfani da keke mai kafa biyu, yayin da a Maputsoe, masu jigilar kaya suna amfani da keke mai ƙafa huɗu.
Adadin kekuna da babura da ake amfani da su sun yi ƙasa sosai. Mallakar babura na kowane mutum a Lesotho, da kuma kekuna, na iya kasancewa cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a duniya. Ƙananan mutanen da ke amfani da kekuna sun kasance yara da samari, musamman don nishaɗi ko da yake wasu suna amfani da su don tafiye-tafiye tsakanin kauyuka. Wasu mutane kalilan ne ke amfani da kekuna don wasanni, kuma wasu 'yan Afirka ta Kudu da sauran 'yan yawon bude ido suna bi ta tsaunuka a kan keke. Wasu ƴan kasuwa masu sana'ar sufuri na amfani da kekuna don samun abin dogaro da kai.
Ubayda ɗan as-Samit
Ubayda ɗan as-Samit ya kasance daya daga cikin sahabban Annabi Muhammad S.A.W kuma kwamandan yaki ne a zamanin Abubakar da Umar ya kasance kwamandan a yakin da'aki karba Masar
Kogin Congo
Kogin kongo (Kongo: Nzâdi Kôngo, Faransanci: Kongo fleuve, Fotigal: Rio Congo), wanda a da ake kira da Kogin Zaire, shine kogi na biyu mafi tsayi a Afirka, gajere kaɗan ne kawai fiye da Kogin Nilu, kazalika da kogi na biyu mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar fitarwa, suna bin Amazon kawai. Har ila yau, shine mafi zurfin rafin da aka yi rikodin a duniya, tare da zurfin da ya zarce 220 m (720 ft). Tsarin Kogin Congo-Lualaba-Chambeshi yana da tsawon kilomita 4,700 (mi mi 2,920), wanda ya sa ya zama kogi mafi tsayi na tara a duniya. Chambeshi yanki ne na Kogin Lualaba, kuma Lualaba shine sunan Kogin Kongo wanda yake hawan Boyoma Falls, wanda yakai 1,800 km (1,120 mi).
An auna shi tare da Lualaba, babban harajin, Kogin Congo yana da tsawon 4,370 km (2,715 mi). Babbar kogi ce kaɗai ta ƙetare mashigar teku sau biyu. Kogin Kongo yana da yanki kusan kusan 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 sq mi), ko kuma 13% na duk ƙasar Afirka.
Suna
Sunan Congo/Kongo kogin ya samo asali ne daga Masarautar Kongo sau ɗaya da ke gefen kudu na kogin. Shi kuma masarautar an sanya mata suna ne don asalin Bantu Kongo 'yan asalin, wanda aka sani a cikin karni na 17 da "Esikongo". Kudancin masarautar Kongo ya dace da irin wannan masarautar Kakongo, wanda aka ambata a 1535. Abraham Ortelius a taswirar duniyarsa ta 1564 wacce aka yiwa lakabi da "Manicongo" birni a bakin kogin.
Sunan Zaire daga asalin Fotigal ne na kalmar Kikongo, nzere ("kogi"), taƙaitaccen nzadi o nzere ("kogin haɗiye kogi"). An san kogin da suna Zaire a ƙarni na 16 da 17; Congo yana da alama ya maye gurbin Zaire a hankali cikin amfani da Ingilishi a cikin ƙarni na 18, kuma Congo ita ce sunan Ingilishi da aka fi so a cikin littattafan karni na 19, ko da yake nassoshi ga Zahir ko Zaire kamar yadda sunan da mazaunan ke amfani da shi ya zama gama gari. Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Jamhuriyar Congo an sanya mata suna, kamar yadda ita ma Jamhuriyar Congo da ta gabata wacce ta sami 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960 daga Jamhuriyar Congo. Jamhuriyar Zaire a tsakanin shekarata 1971–1997 kuma an sanya mata sunan kogin a cikin Faransanci da Fotigal.
Basin da hanya
Kogin kongo ya kwashe murabba'in kilomita 4,014,500 (1,550,000 sq mi), yankin da ya fi Indiya girma. Fitar da kasar Kongo a bakin ta ya fara ne daga 23,000 zuwa 75,000 cubic meters a kowane dakika (810,000 zuwa 2,650,000 cu ft/s), tare da matsakaita na mita dubu 41,000 a dakika daya (1,400,000 cu ft/s).
Kwango yana kwarara gaba ɗaya zuwa arewa maso yamma daga Kisangani a ƙasa da faɗuwar Boyoma, sannan a hankali ya lanƙwasa kudu maso yamma, yana wucewa ta Mbandaka, yana haɗuwa da Kogin Ubangi, yana gudu zuwa Kogin Malebo (Stanley Pool). Kinshasa (a dā Léopoldville) da Brazzaville suna gefen ɓangarorin kogin a Kogin, inda kogin ya taƙaita kuma ya faɗo ta hanyar wasu ƙyauran ido a cikin manyan kwaruruka (waɗanda aka fi sani da suna Livingstone Falls), wanda Matadi da Boma ke gudana. teku a ƙaramin garin Muanda.
Kogin Kongo ɗayan ɗayan rarrabuwar kawuna ne na lardin Mid-Afirka mafi girma, wanda kuma hakan wani ɓangare ne na rukunin manya-manyan sassan Afirka.
Jigilar ruwa
Kogin yana jigila a kowace shekara ta tan miliyan 86 na rarar da aka dakatar da ita zuwa Tekun Atlantika da kuma ƙarin kashi 6% na nauyin gado.
Kananan Congo
Kananan Kongo ya zama 'ƙananan' sassan babban kogin; wannan shine bangaren kogin daga bakin kogin a gabar tekun Atlantika zuwa tagwayen manyan biranen Brazzaville a Jamhuriyar Congo da Kinshasa a cikin DR Congo.
A cikin wannan ɓangaren kogin, akwai manyan rairayi biyu zuwa babban Kogin Kongo, duka a gefen hagu ko kudu. Kogin Kwilu ya samo asali ne daga tsaunukan da ke kusa da iyakar Angola kuma ya shiga Kongo kusan kilomita 100 daga Matadi. Dayan kuwa shi ne Kogin Inkisi, wanda ke gudana ta hanyar arewa daga Lardin Uíge a Angola zuwa haduwa da Kongo a Zongo mai nisan kilomita 80 daga tagwayen manyan biranen.
Dangane da yawan saurin gudu, musamman, Livingstone Falls, wannan ɓangaren kogin ba a ci gaba da sarrafa shi ta jiragen ruwa.
Utarungiyoyin ruwa zuwa ga Kogin Congo
Tafkin magudanan ruwa na Kogin Kongo ya hada da yawancin Afirka ta Tsakiya. Babban kogi da rabin ruwa ne: An ware domin daga gabobin da ke zuwa sama.
Kananan Kongo (bakin kogi zuwa Kinshasa)
Kadangaren Kinshasa, daga bakin kogin Banana, akwai wasu manyan rarar ruwa, duk suna gefen hagu.
Tsakiyar Kongo (Kinshasa zuwa Fadar ruwan Boyoma)
Lomami River (hagu) – 1,400 km
Babban Kongo (Sama daga Fadar ruwan Boyoma)
Daga can gaba ta Fadar ruwan Boyoma kusa da Kisangani, ana kiran kogin Congo da Kogin Lualaba.
Mahimmancin tattalin arziki
Ko da yake Livingstone Falls ya hana shiga daga teku, kusan dukkanin Kongo da ke sama da su ana iya sauƙaƙewa cikin sassa, musamman tsakanin Kinshasa da Kisangani. Manyan ruwa masu aikin ruwa sun yi aiki da kogin har zuwa kwanan nan. Kogin Kongo har yanzu yana da hanyar rayuwa a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin hanyoyi ko hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa.
Layin dogo yanzu ya tsallake manyan faduwa guda uku, kuma yawancin kasuwancin Afirka ta Tsakiya suna wucewa tare da kogin, gami da jan ƙarfe, man dabino (kamar ƙwaya), sukari, kofi, da auduga. Kogin yana da mahimmancin amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma Inga Dams da ke ƙasa da Pool Malebo sun fara cin ribar kogin Kongo.
Wutar lantarki
Kogin Kongo shine kogi mafi iko a Afirka. A lokacin damina sama da cubic mita dubu 50 (1,800,000 cu ft) na ruwa a kowane dakika yana kwarara zuwa Tekun Atlantika. Damar dama ga Kogin Kongo da rafuka don samar da wutar lantarki suna da yawa. Masana kimiyya sun kirga cewa duk yankin Kogin Kongo yana da kashi 13 cikin 100 na karfin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya. Wannan zai samar da wadatacciyar wutar lantarki ga dukkan bukatun wutar lantarki na kudu da Sahara.
A halin yanzu akwai shuke-shuke masu samar da wutar lantarki arba'in a cikin Kogin Kongo. Mafi girma su ne madatsun ruwa na Inga, kimanin kilomita 200 (mil 120) kudu maso yamma na Kinshasa. An fara aikin ne a farkon shekarun 1970, lokacin da aka kammala madatsar ruwa ta farko. Tsarin (kamar yadda aka tsara tun asali) ya bukaci gina madatsun ruwa guda biyar wadanda da zasu iya samar da dumbin karfin megawatt 34,500. Har zuwa yau madatsun ruwa na Inga I da Inga II ne kawai aka gina, suna samar da 1,776 MW.
A watan Fabrairun 2005, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mallakar kasar Afirka ta Kudu, Eskom, ya sanar da shawarar fadada zamani ta hanyar ingantawa da kuma gina sabon madatsar ruwa. Aikin zai kawo mafi girman kayan aikin zuwa gigawatt 40 (54,000,000 hp), ninki biyu na na madatsar ruwa ta Three Gorges na China.
Wuraren Tarihi na Istanbul
Wuraren Tarihi na Istanbul rukuni ne na rukunin yanar gizo a gundumar Fatih babban birnin Istanbul na Turkiyya. An saka waɗannan wuraren cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO a cikin 1985.
Kogin Congo
Wutar lantarki
Ana fargabar cewa wadannan sabbin madatsun ruwa na iya haifar da bacewar yawancin nau'ikan kifaye da ke 'yan asalin kogin.
Wuraren Tarihi na Istanbul
Wannan Gidan Tarihi na Duniya ya kunshi gine-gine da gine-gine kamar Sarayburnu, Fadar Topkapı, Hagia Sophia, Masallacin Sultan Ahmed, Masallacin Hagia Irene, Masallacin Zeyrek, Masallacin Suleymaniye, Little Hagia Sophia da Ganuwar Konstantinoful.
Kogin Congo
Tarihin halitta
Tsarin Kogin Kongo na yanzu an kafa shi tsakanin shekaru 1.5 zuwa 2 miliyan BP, a lokacin Pleistocene. Wataƙila a wannan lokacin an kame manyan kogunan ruwa na Kongo da yawa daga waɗansu kogunan da ke kusa da su, ciki har da Uele da Ubangi na sama daga tsarin Chari da Kogin Chambeshi tare da wasu manyan kogunan Kasai na sama daga tsarin Zambezi.
Wuraren Tarihi na Istanbul
Yankuna
Gidan Tarihi na Duniya ya ƙunshi yankuna huɗu, yana kwatanta manyan matakan tarihin birnin ta amfani da abubuwan tarihi masu daraja:
Kogin Congo
Tarihin halitta
Samuwar Kogin Kongo na iya haifar da ilimin allopatric na bonobo da chimpanzee na yau da kullun daga kakanninsu na kwanan nan. Bonobo yana da yawan gaske ga gandun daji masu dausayi a yankin, kamar yadda sauran nau'ikan halittu masu ban sha'awa irin su biri na fadama Allen, biri na dryas, kwayar halittar ruwa, okapi, da kifin na Kongo.
Dangane da rayuwar ruwa, Kogin Kongo yana da wadataccen nau'in jinsi, kuma daga cikin sanannun abubuwan da aka sani na endemics. Ya zuwa shekarar 2009, an rubuta kusan nau'ikan kifi 800 daga Basin Kogin Kongo (ba kirgawa Tafkin Tanganyika ba, wanda yake hade amma yanayin ya banbanta sosai), kuma manyan bangarori sun kasance kusan ba a bincika su ba. Misali, sashen da ke Salonga National Park, wanda yake kusan girman Belgium, har yanzu ba'a sameshi ba kwata-kwata a shekarar 2006. Anyi bayanin sabbin nau'in kifayen a kimiyyance tare da wasu abubuwan yau da kullun daga Kogin Kongo kuma yawancin nau'ikan da basu dace ba. Kongo tana da mafi yawan bambancin kowane tsarin kogin Afirka; idan aka kwatanta, wadanda suka fi kudi a gaba sune Niger, Volta da Nile wadanda suke da kusan nau'o'in kifi 240, 140 da 130, bi da bi. Saboda wannan da kuma manyan bambance-bambancen muhalli tsakanin yankuna a cikin kwandunan Kongo - gami da wuraren zama kamar su rafukan kogi, rafuka masu zurfi, rafuka, fadama da tabkuna - ana raba shi sau da yawa ecoregions (maimakon ɗauke shi a matsayin guda ecoregion). Daga cikin wadannan ecoregions, the Lower Kongo Rapids shi kadai yana da fiye da nau'in kifi 300, gami da kusan 80 endemics yayin da bangaren kudu maso yamma (Kasai Basin) shi kadai yake da fiye da nau'in kifi sama da 200, wanda kusan kashi daya cikin hudu suna da cutar. Iyalan manyan kifayen - aƙalla a sassan kogin - su ne Cyprinidae (irin su carp / cyprinids, kamar su Labeo simpsoni), Mormyridae (giwayen giwa), Alestidae (tetras na Afirka), Mochokidae (kifayen da ke dafa abinci), da Cichlidae (cichlids). Daga cikin 'yan ƙasar da ke cikin kogin akwai babbar, tigerfish mai girman gaske mai cin nama. Uku daga cikin abubuwan da ba a saba da su ba sune masu farin jini (wadanda ba su da launi ba) da makaho Lamprologus lethops, wanda aka yi imanin cewa yana rayuwa kamar zurfin mita 160 (520 ft) a kasa, Heterochromis multidens, wanda ya fi kusanci da cichlids na Amurka fiye da sauran cichlids na Afirka, da Caecobarbus geertsii, sanannen kifin kifi kawai a Afirka ta Tsakiya. Hakanan akwai kwaɗi da katantanwa masu ɗumbin yawa. An shirya madatsun ruwa masu yawa da ke rafin kogin, kuma waɗannan na iya haifar da hallaka da yawa daga cikin cututtukan endemics.
Yawancin nau'ikan kunkuru, da siririn-snouted, Nile da dwarf kada ne 'yan asalin yankin Kogin Kongo. Manateate na Afirka suna zaune a ƙananan sassan kogin.
Bincike
Dukan tekun Kongo mutane ne na Bantu, waɗanda ke cikin kabilu ɗari-ɗari (duba ƙabilun Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyar Kongo). Fadada Bantu an kiyasta ya isa Kongo ta Tsakiya da kusan 500 BC, da Upper Kongo a ƙarni na farko AD. Ragowar mutanen asalin ƙasar da gudun hijirar Bantu ta raba da muhallansu, wadanni / Abatwa na mawakiyar Ubangian, sun kasance a cikin gandun daji masu nisa na Kogin Kongo.
An kafa Masarautar Kongo ne kusan 1400 daga haɗuwa da masarautun Mpemba Kasi & Mbata da ke gefen hagu na ƙananan Kogin Congo. Ikon mallakarsa a bakin kogi ya kasance iyakance ga abin da ya dace da lardin Bas-Kongo na yau. Binciken Turai na Kongo ya fara ne a 1482, lokacin da mai binciken Fotigal Diogo Cão ya gano bakin kogin (wataƙila a watan Agusta 1482), wanda ya sanya alama ta Padrão, ko ginshiƙin dutse (har yanzu yana nan, amma kawai a gutsuttsura) da aka gina akan Shark Point. Cão kuma ya hau kan kogin don ɗan gajeren taƙawa, yana ƙulla hulɗa da Masarautar Kongo. Ba a san cikakken tafkin kogin ba a duk farkon zamaninmu.
Kogin Kongo na sama yana gudana yamma da Albertine Rift. Ba a san alakar ta da Kongo ba har 1877. Yankin arewa maso gabashin gabashin Kwango ya sami fadada Nilotic a wani lokaci tsakanin ƙarni na 15 da 18, ta wurin kakannin Kudancin Luo masu magana da mutanen Alur. Francisco de Lacerda da ke bin Zambezi ya isa ga mafi girman ɓangaren Kongo (Kazembe a cikin babban kwarin Luapula) a cikin 1796.
Kogin Kongo na sama, wanda ake kira Lualaba ya fara cinikin bawan Larabawa ne a karni na 19. Nyangwe an kafa shi ne a matsayin sansanin 'yan baranda a wajajen 1860. David Livingstone shi ne Bature na farko da ya isa Nyangwe a cikin Maris 1871. Livingstone ya ba da shawarar ya tabbatar da cewa Lualaba ya hade da Kogin Nilu, amma a ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, ya ga kisan kiyashin da Larabawa suka yi wa 'yan Afirka kusan 400 a Nyangwe, abin da ya faru ya ba shi tsoro matuka kuma ya ruguza don ci gaba da aikinsa don nemo tushen Kogin. , don haka ya juya zuwa Tafkin Tanganyika. Tsakanin tsakiyar Kongo ya kasance ba a bincika ba daga gabas ko yamma, har zuwa ziyarar Henry Morton Stanley na 1876-77. A lokacin daya daga cikin tambayoyin karshe na budewa na binciken Afirka (ko kuma hakika duniya) ko Kogin Lualaba ya ciyar da Kogin Nilu (ka'idar Livingstone), Kongo ko ma Neja. An ba da kuɗi a cikin 1874, aikin binciken na farko zuwa Afirka zuwa Stanley ya fara ne a Zanzibar, kuma ya isa Lualaba a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1876. A kan hanya sai ya isa Nyangwe, cibiyar wani yanki mara doka da ke ɗauke da ƙabilu masu cin naman da Tiipu Tip ya kafa sana'arsa ta bayi. Stanley ya sami nasarar hayar da karfi daga Tippu Tip, don tsare shi na tsawon kilomita 150 na gaba (mil 90) ko makamancin haka, na kwanaki 90. Jam’iyyar ta bar Nyangwe ta hanyar wuce gona da iri ta dajin Matimba. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba suka sake isa Lualaba. Tun da yake wucewa cikin dajin ya yi nauyi, Tippu Tip ya juya tare da ƙungiyarsa a ranar 28 ga Disamba, ya bar Stanley da kansa, tare da mutane 143, ciki har da yara 8 da mata 16. Suna da kwale-kwale 23. Farkon haduwarsa da wata kabila ta gari ita ce Wenya mai cin naman mutane. Gaba ɗaya Stanley zai ba da rahoton tarurruka marasa kyau 32 a kan kogin, wasu tashin hankali, kodayake ya yi ƙoƙari don tattaunawa kan hanyar lumana. Amma kabilun sun yi kaffa-kaffa saboda kwarewar da suke da ita daga waje ita ce ta 'yan kasuwar bayi.
Ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1877, bayan kilomita 640 (mi 400), sun isa Boyoma Falls (wanda ake kira Stanley Falls na ɗan lokaci bayan haka), wanda ya ƙunshi ido bakwai da suka shafi kilomita 100 (60 mi) wanda dole ne su tsallaka kan tudu. Ya dauke su zuwa Fabrairu 7 don isa ƙarshen faduwar. Anan Stanley ya sami labarin cewa ana kiran kogin Ikuta Yacongo, yana tabbatar masa da cewa ya isa Kongo kuma 'yan Lualaba ba su ciyar da Kogin Nilu.
Daga wannan lokacin, kabilun sun kasance ba mutane ba ne, amma suna da bindigogi, a bayyane sakamakon tasirin Portuguese. Bayan 'yan makonni hudu da kilomita 1,900 (kilomita 1,200) daga baya ya isa Stanley Pool (yanzu Pool Malebo), wurin da biranen yau suke Kinshasa da Brazzaville. Karin zuwa can gaba shine Faɗuwar Livingstone, wanda aka laƙabawa da suna Livingstone bai taɓa kasancewa a Kwango ba: jerin faɗuwa 32 da saurin gudu tare da faɗuwar mita 270 (900 ft) sama da kilomita 350 (220 mi). A ranar 15 ga Maris suka fara gangarowar faduwar jirgin, wanda ya dauki tsawon watanni biyar kuma ya ci rayuka da dama. Daga Isangile Falls, biyar ya faɗo daga ƙafa, sun rairaye kwale-kwalen da Lady Alice kuma suka bar kogin, da nufin zuwa tashar Boma ta Portugal ta ƙasa. A ranar 3 ga watan Agusta sun isa ƙauyen Nsada. Daga nan ne Stanley ya aika mutane huɗu da wasiƙu zuwa Boma, yana neman abinci don mutanensa da ke cikin yunwa. A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta taimako ya zo, wakilan sun aiko shi daga kamfanin ciniki na Liverpool Hatton & Cookson. A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta sun isa Boma, kwana 1,001 tun barinsu daga Zanzibar a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1874. Daga nan jam’iyyar ta kunshi mutane 108, ciki har da yara uku da aka haifa a lokacin tafiyar. Wataƙila (wallafe-wallafen Stanley suna ba da adadi marasa daidaituwa), ya rasa mutane 132 ta hanyar cuta, yunwa, nutsar da ruwa, kisa da ƙauracewa.
Elias Maguri
Elias Maguri (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tanzaniya wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta FC Platinum. Ya taba bugawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tanzaniya wasa.
Kogin Congo
Gadaji akan Kongo dacewa da Lualaba
Akwai gadoji biyu kacal a kan kogin Kongo da suka dace da kuma manyan kwarraru, wadanda ake samun su a cikin DR Kongo:
Gadaji a kan rafin Uele da Kibali
Akwai gada daya a kan Kogin Uele, da kuma biyu a kan Kogin Kibali, wanda duka suke a arewacin lardin Haut-Uele na DR Kongo:
Gadaji a kan kogin Lulua
Akwai aƙalla gadoji huɗu a kan Kogin Lulua a lardin Kasai na DR Kongo
Gadaji a kan kogin Kongo
Akwai aƙalla gada ɗaya a kan kogin Kongo a lardin Kongo na DR Kongo:
Jirgin ruwa a kan Kongo daidai
Iyakar Angola - DR Kongo:
Kananan Kongo (Matadi - Pioka):
iyakar DR Congo - Jamhuriyar Kongo:
Babban Kongo (Irebu - Ubundu):
Jirgin ruwa a kogin Ubangi
Zongo - Bangui
Jirgin ruwa a kan kogin Mbomou
Ndu – Bangassou
Jirgin ruwa a kan kogin Uele
A kan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na Kongo akwai ƙetara mashigai da yawa.
Lucky Lake
Lucky Lake ( yawan jama'a 2016 : 289 ) ƙauye ne a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin Karamar Hukumar Kan'ana mai lamba 225 da Sashen ƙidayar jama'a mai lamba 7. Kauyen yana a mahadar Highway 42, Highway 45 da Highway 646 kamar 90 km arewa maso gabas na Swift Current, Saskatchewan.
Tarihi
An ƙirƙiri Lucky Lake a matsayin ƙauye ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1920.
Alƙaluma
A cikin ƙididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekarar 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Lucky Lake yana da yawan jama'a 270 da ke zaune a cikin 127 daga cikin 145 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. -6.6% daga yawanta na 2016 na 289. Tare da yanki na 0.82 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 329.3/km   a cikin 2021.
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a na 2016, ƙauyen Lucky Lake ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 289 da ke zaune a cikin 134 daga cikin 154 jimlar gidaje masu zaman kansu, a 0.7% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 287. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 0.66 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 437.9/km a cikin 2016.
Tattalin Arziki
Ayyukan noma da noma sune mafi girma na tattalin arzikin garin. Abubuwan amfanin gona na yau da kullun da ake nomawa a yankin sun haɗa da alkama durum, alkama bazara, wake, lentil, da canola. Flax, wake da mustard suma ana shuka su da yawa. Tafkin Diefenbaker na kusa yana ba da ruwa don ban ruwa ta yadda za a iya shuka ƙarin amfanin gona kamar dankali. Wild West Steelhead, gonakin kiwo ne wanda ke kiwon Steelhead Trout a cikin tafkin. Kamfanin yana ɗaukar mutane da yawa aiki a cikin ayyukansa waɗanda suka ƙunshi matakan ƙwai don samar da ciyawa da aka gama.
A baya, kokarin da gwamnatin lardin (ta hanyar hadin gwiwar da aka fi sani da SPUDCO ) na samar da masana'antar noman dankalin turawa a lardin ya haifar da samar da guraben ayyukan yi na cikin gida don noma da tattara dankali. A ƙarshe SPUDCO ta gaza kuma masana'antar noman dankalin turawa ta yi jinkirin farfadowa.
Isu (Nijeriya)
Isu na daya daga cikin Kananan hukumomin dake a Jihar Imo a kudu maso Gabas, Nijeriya.
Isu sun kasance suna yin yaren Igbo, Wanda bahaushe ke masu lakani da inyamurai.
Umar ɗan Harith
Umar ko Amr ɗan Harith ya kasance daya daga cikin sahabban Annabi Muhammad S.A.W kuma ya zama wazirin gwamnan a Kufa a Daular Umaydiyya karkashin Ziyad dan Kabihi
Spy Hill
Spy Hill ( yawan jama'a na 2016 : 168 ) ƙauye ne a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin gundumar Rural na Spy Hill No. 152 da Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta 5. Yana a mahadar Highway 8 da Highway 600. Makarantar al’ummar ta rufe saboda karancin dalibai, wadanda a yanzu haka suna bas kusan 27 km zuwa Langenburg ). Wutar wutar lantarki ta Northland - Spy Hill Power Plant tana cikin al'umma.
Tarihi
Spy Hill an haɗa shi azaman ƙauye a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1910.
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Spy Hill yana da yawan jama'a 173 da ke zaune a cikin 90 daga cikin jimlar gidaje 116 masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. 3% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 168. Tare da filin ƙasa na 1.15 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 150.4/km   a cikin 2021.
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a na 2016, ƙauyen Spy Hill ya rubuta yawan jama'a 168 da ke zaune a cikin 87 daga cikin 116 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. -21.4% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 204. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 1.19 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 141.2/km   a cikin 2016.
Akushi
Akushi wani mazubin abinci ne wanda ake amfani da shi wajen zuba abinci dafaffe. Musamman a zamanin da, wanda yanzu kusan an daina amfani da shi saboda zuwan tekanolojin zamani nayin kayayyakin zuba abinci kala-kala, amma har yanzu idan kaje wasu ƙauyuka musamman a arewacin Najeriya suna amfani da shi Akushi. Shi dai Akushi masu yin sana'ar sassaƙa sune suke sassaƙa shi daga bishiya.
A takaice Akushi sassaƙaƙƙen mazubin abinci ne wanda ake amfani da shi kafin zuwan kwanon zuba abinci a ƙasar Hausa wani lokacin ma har da cokali ake sassaƙawa.
Marfi
MARFI Shine wanda ake rufa kwana ko wani abu wanda ke bukatar murfi idan ansa marfi yana bukatar ayi amfani da karfi kafin a bude shi yana iya zama na karfe ko na roba
mafari
marfi ya samo asali ne daga wurin masu tukanen kasa a cikin shekara ta 3100 mutanen egypt a cen da suna amfani da murfi wurin rufe gawarwakin su
Abakur
Abakur wani qauye ne a qaramar hukumar bagwai a jihar kano
Harshen Hausa
Harshen Hausa na ɗaya daga cikin rukunin Harsunan Chadic, kuma a ƙungiyar Harsunan Chadic kan, wanda ke cikin iyalin harshen Afroasia. Harshen Hausa ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan Najeriya. Shi ne yare mafi girma a ƙasar Najeriya. Masu magana da harshen Hausa a Najeriya sun kai kashi hamsin da biyar (55%) na al'ummar ƙasar. Harshen Hausa yana yaďuwa ne ta hanyar ƴan-kasuwa. Ƴan kasuwar da suke tafiya daga ƙasar Hausa zuwa wasu ƙasashe da zummar kasuwanci, hakan ya ƙara daukaka harshen Hausa da Hausawa a fadin duniya. Idan aka ce Hausa ana nufin duk wani abu da yake da alaƙa da Hausawa ko kuma ƙasashensu, da harshen su. Hausawa nada asali a Kasar Najeriya da kasar Habasha wato (Ethiopia), wanda ya yaɗu a duk fadin duniya. Ana kuma kiran masu amfani da harshen da suna Hausawa, ƙasar Hausa tana da tarihi mai yawa, tun kafin zuwan Turawa da Larabarawa kasar Hausa, Hausawa suna da sarakuna da sutturu da sana'oi masu tarin yawa.Misalan sarakuna sarkin musulmi, sarkin Kano, Sarkin Zazzau,  Sarkin Katsina, Sarkin Daura, Sarkin Gombe da sauran su. Misalan sutura babbar riga, kwado da linzami, yar shara da sauran su. Misalan sana’oi fawa, noma, kiwo, saka, farauta, kira da sauran su.
Akwai yardar cewa yaren Hausa ya samo asali ne daga Bayajidda wanda Balarabe ne, ya zo kasar Hausa a garin Daura domin kasuwanci.
Amma wannan magana ta tarihin Bayajidda akwai maganganu a kanta.
Ƙa'idojin Rubutu
Hausa na bin tsarin rubutun larabci wato ajami daga farko, amma daga baya sun koma amfani da tsarin rubutun zamani wato boko.
Tsarin rubutun boko:
Ana amfani da harafin ƴ (y mai lanƙwasa a dama) a Ƙasar Nijer Kawai, ana rubuta shi a ʼy a Najeriya.
Ba'a bambamce tsawon sauti ko amo a cikin rubutu, misali a daga - daagaa - daga duka ana rubuta su a kalmar daga sai dai a bambamtasu wajen fada.
Tsarin Rubutun Ajami
A da can baya, an rubuta yaren Hausa da ajami watau haruffan larabci tun a karni na 17. Rubutu na farko da aka fara yi da ajami shi ne wallafi na Riwayar Nabi Musa by Abdullahi Suka a karni na 17. kaman ko wane harshe larabci na da ka'idojin rubutunsa inda ake amfani da wasula a kan bakake wadanda akan iya karatun larabci ko babu wasula kuma an fi amfani da wasula a cikin Al-Qurani.
Ƙauri
Ƙauri dai al'ada ce da hausawa ke yin ta ga mai jego wato macen da ta haihu.
Tarihi
Tarihi ya nuna tun ƙarni na baya al'adar hausa ta samo asali wanda yanzun ba za'a iya cewa ga iya adadin lokacin data samo asali ba, to amman ita wannan al'adar hausawa kanyi ta ne domin farin cikin samun ƙaruwa ta haihuwa.
Yaushe ake ƙauri
Bayan maijego ta haihu da ƙwana uku (3) to akan kawo ma maijego naman kai na shanu, ko a yanka ɗan akuya, ko kuma a dafa ganda ana rabawa maƙota ko mutanen da suke zuwa barka. Ƙauri dai shi ne dan ƙaramin biki dake fara wakana kanin zuwan bikin suna idan maijego ta sami ƙaruwa ta haihuwa.
'Yancin Addini a Albaniya
Kundin tsarin mulkin Albaniya ya ba da ’yancin yin addini, kuma gwamnati gabaɗaya tana mutunta wannan haƙƙin a aikace. Ba a sami rahoton cin zarafi ko wariya na al'umma ba dangane da imani ko aiki. A cikin bayanan da masana ilimin zamantakewa Brian Grim da Roger Finke Albania suka tattara sun yi ƙasa a kan Dokokin Gwamnati na Addini, Dokokin Zamantake Addini, Ƙaunar Gwamnati na Addini da Zaluntar Addini.
Tsarin doka da tsarin siyasa
Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da ’yancin yin addini, kuma gwamnati ta bayyana cewa gabaɗaya tana mutunta wannan haƙƙin. Gwamnati ta bayyana rashin zaman lafiya. Babu addini a hukumance kuma dukkan addinai daidai suke; duk da haka, manyan al'ummomin addini (Musulmi Sunni, Bektashi, Orthodox, da Katolika) suna jin daɗin matsayin hukuma (misali, bukukuwan ƙasa) da matsayin zamantakewa dangane da kasancewarsu na tarihi a ƙasar. Hutu na hukuma sun haɗa da ranaku masu tsarki daga dukkan manyan addinai huɗu. Duk kungiyoyin addini da suka yi rajista suna da hakkin su rike asusun banki da kuma mallakar kadarori da gine-gine. Ba a sanya takunkumi ga iyalai game da yadda suke renon yaransu dangane da ayyukan addini. Dangantaka ta aminci tsakanin addinai a cikin al'umma ta ba da gudummawa ga 'yancin addini.
Yin lasisi
OfGwamnati ba ta buƙatar rajista ko lasisi na ƙungiyoyin addini; duk da haka, Kwamitin Ƙungiyoyi na Jiha yana kiyaye bayanai da ƙididdiga kan ƙungiyoyin addini na ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke tuntuɓar ta don taimako. Babu wata kungiya da ta bayar da rahoton matsalolin yin rajista a tsawon lokacin da wannan rahoto ya kunshi. Duk kungiyoyin addini masu rijista suna da hakkin su mallaki asusun banki da kuma mallakar kadarori. Ƙungiyoyin addini na iya samun matsayin hukuma ta mai shari'a ta hanyar yin rajista tare da Kotun Lardi na Tirana a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ƙungiyoyin Sa-kai, wadda ta amince da matsayin ƙungiyoyin sa-kai ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙungiyar tana da al'adu, nishaɗi, addini, ko halin jin kai ba. Dukkanin al’ummomin addini sun soki Gwamnati kan rashin amincewar ta na ba su matsayin da ba a biyan haraji. Tun shekara ta 2003 an keɓe masu wa'azi na addini na ƙasashen waje daga harajin izinin zama.
Kwamitin kula da al’adu na Jiha a karkashin ma’aikatar yawon bude ido, al’adu, matasa, da wasanni, tana da alhakin tsara dangantaka tsakanin gwamnati da dukkanin mabiya addinai tare da kare ‘yancin yin addini da inganta hadin kai da fahimtar juna a tsakanin addinai. Kwamitin ya yi iƙirarin cewa bayanansa na ƙungiyoyin addini suna taimaka wa 'yan sanda ba da izinin zama ga ma'aikatan ƙasashen waje na ƙungiyoyin addini daban-daban. Babu wata kungiya da ta yi ikirarin samun matsala wajen samun izinin zama a tsawon lokacin da wannan rahoto ya kunsa. Koyaya, a matsayin gama gari, an ba wa masu wa’azi na addini na ƙasashen waje izinin zama na shekara 1 kacal maimakon shekaru 5 da doka ta ba mazauna ƙasar fiye da shekaru 2. A tsawon lokacin da wannan rahoto ya kunsa, kwamitin ya fara aiki da gwamnati kan sharudda da za su ba da izinin zama na tsawon shekaru har zuwa shekaru 5 ga ingantattun kungiyoyin addini masu alaka da kasar.
Babu wata doka ko ƙa’ida da ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyin addini su sanar da Kwamitin ayyukansu; duk da haka, sashi na 10 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya yi kira da a samar da yerjejeniya daban-daban don daidaita dangantaka tsakanin gwamnati da al'ummomin addinai. Cocin Katolika ta ci gaba da zama al’ummar addini tilo da suka kammala irin wannan yarjejeniya da Gwamnati. Kwamitin ya ba da umarnin yin shawarwari tare da sauran rukunoni uku da suka rage kuma sun kafa ƙungiyar aiki a watan Mayu 2006 don wannan dalili. An bayar da rahoton cewa kwamitin ya cimma yarjejeniya da kungiyoyi uku-Musulmi, Orthodox, da Muslim Bektashi al'ummomin. VUSH, wata ƙungiyar Furotesta, ta tuntuɓi Kwamitin dan tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar tsakanin ƙasashen biyu amma ba ta sami amsa ba a ƙarshen lokacin rahoton.
Makarantun Addini
Ma’aikatar ilimi ta kasar ta bayyana cewa makarantun gwamnati na kasar nan na boko ne, kuma dokar ta haramta koyar da akida da addini. Bisa kididdigar da hukuma ta bayar, kungiyoyin addinai, kungiyoyi, da gidauniyoyi sun gudanar da cibiyoyin ilimi 101, wadanda 15 daga cikinsu makarantu ne masu alaka da addini, tare da dalibai sama da 2,600. A bisa doka dole ne ma’aikatar ilimi ta ba wa irin wadannan makarantu lasisi, kuma manhajoji dole ne su bi ka’idojin ilimi na kasa. Kungiyoyin Katolika da na Musulmai sun gudanar da makarantu da dama da ke da lasisin gwamnati kuma sun ba da rahoton cewa ba su da wata matsala wajen samun sabbin lasisin sabbin makarantu. Cocin Orthodox da Bektashis suna gudanar da cibiyoyin koyarwa na addini don horar da malamai.
Da'awar dukiya ta addini
Manufar gwamnati da aiki sun ba da gudummawa ga gudanar da addini gabaɗaya kyauta; duk da haka, maido da kadarorin da tsohuwar gwamnatin gurguzu ta kwace ya ci gaba da zama matsala. A bisa dokar da ta shafi maidowa da kuma biyan diyya irin wadannan kadarori, al’ummomin addini suna da hakki iri daya da na mutane masu zaman kansu dangane da abin da ya shafi mayar da kadarori ko diyya, amma kungiyoyin addini sun nuna shakku kan kayyade kadarori zuwa 150 acre. A lokacin rahoton, Gwamnati ba ta kafa wani asusu na musamman don biyan diyya ba, amma Ofishin Firayim Minista ya yi ƙoƙarin warware matsalolin kadarorin addini. Gwamnatin ta kuma sanar da shirin kawar da cikas da aka samu a hukumance da na doka wadanda suka kawo cikas wajen dawo da kadarorin da aka kwace ta hanyar kawar da bukatar kungiyoyin addini su samar da mukamai da takardu don tabbatar da mallakar asali. A lokacin mulkin gurguzu, ana yin rikodin kadarorin da gwamnati ta kwace gabaɗaya, kuma Gwamnati na ƙoƙarin ganin ta amince da waɗannan takaddun bayanan a matsayin daidai da sunayen kadarori, don haka ta fayyace mallakar filaye a wasu lokuta.
Ko da yake Cocin Katolika na da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙayyadaddun ikirari, ta nuna cewa ba ta aiwatar da waɗannan abubuwan kuma ta yanke shawarar mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarinta a wasu wurare. Duk da haka, idan a ƙarshe za a biya diyya ga sauran ƙungiyoyin addini, za a sa ran samun diyya ma.
Kungiyar Islama ta Albaniya da kuma Musulman Bektashis sun kuma bukaci gwamnati ta mayar da wasu kadarori. Kungiyar Islama ta yi nasarar samun lakabin wani babban fili a Tirana inda wani masallaci ya taba tsayawa. Sai dai ba ta samu takardar izinin gina sabon masallaci ba. A karkashin sabon tsarin kula da birane na Tirana, an kebe wani fili a Tirana, wanda kuma mallakin al'ummar musulmi ne saboda haka. Jama'ar Musulunci sun ki amincewa da wannan wurin da cewa ya yi kadan kuma sun ci gaba da fifita wurin na asali. Ba a warware matsalar ba a ƙarshen lokacin da wannan rahoto ya kunsa. Har ila yau al’ummar Bektashi na neman gwamnati ta biya diyya ga wadanda aka zalunta da addini a lokacin mulkin gurguzu.
Batun zama dan kasa
Dokar Cocin Orthodox ta shekarar 1954 ta ce dole ne babban Bishop ɗinta ya kasance ɗan ƙasar Albaniya; duk da haka, babban Bishop ɗan ƙasar Girka ne wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Albaniya. A tsawon lokacin da wannan rahoto ya yi bayani, Gwamnati ba ta dauki mataki kan bukatarsa ta zama dan kasa ba, wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 2003.
Cin zarafin al'umma da nuna wariya
Gabaɗaya, Albaniya tana da rigima na addini kaɗan. Duk da haka, an sami wasu abubuwan da suka faru na musgunawa sakamakon imani na addini.