cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Aliyu Wamakko na jihar Sakkwato a ranar 1 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1953 a Wamakko, Jihar Sakkwato. Ya yi shekara biyar (1968-1972) a makarantar Kwalejin Malamai ta Sakkwato. Bayan kammala karatun, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami daga shekara ta 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1977 kafin a ba shi damar shiga Jami’ar Pittsburgh da ke Amurka. Ya kamala karatun sa ne a jami’ar B.Sc. a watan Agustan shekara ta 1980. Da ya dawo Nijeriya, ya yi koyarwa a Kwalejin Malamai ta Sakkwato.
Wamakko ya fara aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Sakatare na Karamar Hukumar Zurmi (LGA), daga baya aka daga shi zuwa Mukaddashin Sakatare. Ya yi aiki a Karamar Hukumar Kaura Namoda, kuma an nada shi Shugaban Karamar Hukumar ta Sakkwato daga shekara ta 1986-1987. Ya zama Janar Manaja, Hukumar Gudanar da Otal da Kula da Yawon Bude Ido, Sakkwato. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1992, an kara masa girma zuwa Darakta-Janar, Ayyuka na Musamman a Ofishin Gwamnan Sokoto a watan Maris din shekara ta  1992. An zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin gwamnan jihar Sokoto ga gwamna Attahiru Bafarawa a cikin shekara ta 1999, a karkashin inuwar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). Ya sake zama Mataimakin Gwamna a karo na biyu a cikin watan Afrilun shekara ta 2003. Ya yi murabus daga matsayin Mataimakin Gwamnan Jihar Sakkwato a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2006.
Gwamnan jihar Sakkwato
A 2007, Wamakko ya ƙaddamar da Hukumar Rage Talauci ta Jihar (SPORA) don gudanar da shirye-shirye kamar shirin ƙwarewar matasa. A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009, ya roki a ba su haƙuri sama da rukunin gidaje 2,000 da ke gab da kammala, yana mai cewa an gina su ne don mutanen jihar, suna da iyaka kuma ba za su iya zagawa ba. Ya kuma bayyana cewa gwamnatin jihar ba za ta kafa bankin Micro-finance ko masana'antu ba, amma za ta tallafawa duk wani mutum da ke son yin hakan.
A watan Oktoban sgekara ta 2009, Kwamishinan Shari’a na Jihar Sakkwato ya ce jihar na gab da gurfanar da magabacin Wamakko Attahiru Bafarawa da wasu mutane biyar bisa zargin karkatar da Naira biliyan 2 da miliyan 919. Bafarawa ya ce Wamakko ne ya kafa kwamitin binciken na Sokoto don kawai a bata masa suna. Ya ce Wamakko shi ne mataimakinsa wanda majalisar ta kusan cire shi saboda halaye na cin hanci da rashawa, kuma ya ce "Idan da irin wannan cire kudade da kuma cire kudi ba bisa ka'ida ba, to ya kamata ya kasance a cikin yanayi mai kyau don amsa su. Bafarawa ya nemi hukumar da ta gayyaci Wamakko domin ya bayar da shaida da ya bayyana wasu batutuwa, amma an ki amincewa da bukatarsa a kan cewa yin hakan ya fi karfin hukumar.
William N'Gounou
William Tonji N'Gounou (haife 31 Yulin shekarata 1983) ne a Nijar ritaya ƙwallon da suka buga a matsayin ɗan wasan.
Klub din
N'Gounou ya buga wa Kwalejin Wasanni ta Kadji, AS FAN, FC Rosengård, IF Limhamn Bunkeflo da KSF Prespa Birlik.
Ayyukan duniya
Ya fara buga wa ƙasarsa ta farko tamaula a Nijar a shekara ta 2011, kuma ya bayyana a gare su a wasannin share fage na Kofin Duniya na FIFA.
An zaɓe shi a 2012 domin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika, ƙwallayen Nijar ta farko har abada, kuma zuwa ranar, kawai, makasudin a gasar tarihi a kan Tunisia a 1-2 hasãra.
Kungiyar Layoyi ta Najeriya
Kungiyar Lauyoyi ta Najeriya ( NBA ) ba ta da riba, ƙungiya ce ta ƙwararrun kwararrun dukkan lauyoyi da aka shigar da su lauyan a Najeriya. Ta tsunduma cikin ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, bin doka da kuma shugabanci na gari a Nijeriya. NBA tana da matsayin mai sanya ido tare da Kwamitin Kula da Hakkin Dan-Adam na Jama'a na Afirka, da haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa na ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan manufofin a Nijeriya da Afirka.
NBA ta ƙunshi rassa guda 125, ɓangarorin ƙwararru uku, cibiyoyi na musamman guda biyu, majalissar-cadre forums guda shida, da mahimman ci gaba a cikin zamantakewar siyasa a Najeriya.
Shugaban kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya na yanzu shine Olumide Akpata.
Kuma Babban Sakatare a yanzu shine Joyce Oduah.
Tsoffin shugabanni da shugabannin kasa
Shugabannin kungiyar da suka gabata sune:
Shugabannin Kungiyar Lauyoyin, wadanda ke da iko iri daya da na Tsoffin Shugabannin, su ne kamar haka:
Miriam Rodriguez Martinez
Miriam Rodriguez Martinez (an haife ta 5 ga watan Febrairun shekarar 1960 -ta mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2017, San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico), ta kasance ƴar gwagwarmayar kare hakƙin ɗan adam ce daga Mexico. Ta zama mahaifiya budurwa wanda haka ƴan'jaridu ke masu laƙabi bayan sace ƴarta da kashe ta da akayi. Ƴan bindiga sun kuma shiga gidan Miriam suka kashe ta a cikin gidanta a ranar 10 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2017.
Rayuwa
'Yarta ta ɓace a shekara ta 2012. A kuma shekarar 2014 ne ta tsinci gawar 'yarta. Daga nan ta kafa ƙungiyar Colectivo de Desaparecidos de San Fernando. Waɗanda ake zargi da kisan ta sun tsere daga kurkuku.
Garin San Fernando na cikin Tamaulipas, ɗaya daga cikin yankuna da ke fama da rikici a Mexico. Dangane da bayanai daga gwamnati, yankin nada mafi yawan adadin mutanen da suka bacewa a kasar.
Farmaki
'Yar Maryamu, Karen Alejandra Salinas Rodriguez, ta ɓace tun a shekarar 2012. Amma Mahaifiyarta Miriam ta ci gaba da nemanta kusan shekara biyu, har zuwa shekara ta 2014 lokacin da aka sami gawar 'yarta a cikin kabarin wani da ba a sani ba. Bayan hakan, ta faɗa wa hukumomi game da kisan ‘yarta. Wasu daga cikin mutanen da aka kama da laifin kisan ‘yarta sun tsere daga kurkuku bayan an kama su. Miriam Rodriguez ta ce a cikin tambayoyin da akayi mata, ta ce ta sami barazanar kisa daga kungiyoyin masu laifi daban daban amma hukumomin yankin ba su ɗauki matakin kare ta ba. Bayan bayyanar 'yarta, tana yin ƙoƙari don taimakawa wasu iyayen waɗanda' ya'yansu suka ɓace, kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar Colectivo de Desaparecidos. In solidarity with her, protesters raised their voices in protest the day she was killed, calling on the Mexican and U.S. governments to ensure the safety of human rights defenders.
A ranar 10 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2017, wasu gungun ‘yan bindiga suka shiga gidan Mariam suka kashe ta.
A cikin hadin kai tare da masu zanga-zanga sun daga muryar nuna adawarsu akan kisan gilla da akayi wa Miriam Elizabeth Rodriguez Martinez a ranar 10 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2017, suna kiran gwamnatocin Mexico, Amurka da gwamnatin tarayya da ke neman kare lafiyar masu kare hakkin ɗan adam su binciko waɗanda suka kashe ta kuma a hukunta su.
Gandun -Daji
Gandun-daji shine kimiyya da fasaha na ƙirƙirar, sarrafawa, dasa, amfani, kiyayewa da gyara gandun daji, dazuzzuka, da albarkatun da ke da alaƙa don fa'idodin ɗan adam da muhalli. Gandunan daji da aka aikata a cikin plantations da na halitta tsaye. Ilimin gandun daji yana da abubuwan da ke cikin ilimin halittu, jiki, zamantakewa, siyasa da kimiyyar gudanarwa.
Gandun daji na zamani gaba ɗaya ya ƙunshi ɗimbin damuwa, a cikin abin da aka sani da gudanar da amfani da yawa, gami da:
Ana kiran mai yin aikin gandun daji a matsayin mai kula da gandun daji. Wata kalma ta gama gari ita ce masanin al'adu. Silviculture ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da gandun daji, yana damuwa da tsire -tsire na gandun daji kawai, amma galibi ana amfani da shi daidai da gandun daji.
Tsarin halittu na gandun daji sun kasance ana ganin su a matsayin mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren sashin duniya da rayuwa ke wanzuwa, kuma gandun daji ya fito azaman muhimmin ilimin kimiyya, sana'a, da fasaha.
Duk cewa mutane sun dogara ne akan gandun daji da bambancin halittu, wasu fiye da wasu. Gandun daji wani yanki ne mai mahimmanci na tattalin arziki a cikin ƙasashe masu masana'antu daban -daban, kamar yadda gandun daji ke ba da sama da ayyuka miliyan 86 na kore kuma suna tallafawa rayuwar mutane da yawa. Misali, a Jamus, gandun daji suna rufe kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin ƙasa, itace itace mafi mahimmancin albarkatun sabuntawa, kuma gandun daji yana tallafawa ayyuka sama da miliyan da kusan billion 181 na ƙima ga tattalin arzikin Jamus a kowace shekara.
An kiyasta mutane miliyan 880 suna ɓata lokacin su tattara itace ko yin gawayi, yawancin su mata. Yawan Humanan adam yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi a yankunan ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da ke da yawan gandun daji da yawan gandun dazuka, amma yawan talauci a waɗannan yankuna ya yi yawa. Kimanin mutane miliyan 252 da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzuka da savannah suna samun kuɗin shiga kasa da dalar Amurka 1.25 a kowace rana.
Asaili
Werner Sombart da wasu sun yi masa lakabi da shekarun kafin aikin masana'antu a matsayin 'shekarun amfani da itace', kamar yadda katako da katako su ne tushen albarkatun makamashi, gini da gidaje. Haɓaka gandun daji na zamani yana da alaƙa da haɓaka jari -hujja, tattalin arziƙi a matsayin kimiyya da ra'ayoyi iri -iri na amfani da ƙasa. Roman Latifundiae, manyan gonaki na aikin gona, sun yi nasara sosai wajen kula da wadataccen itace wanda ya zama dole ga Daular Roma. Manyan gandun daji sun zo tare bi da bi bayan faduwar Rum. Duk da haka tuni a ƙarni na 5, sufaye a lokacin Byzantine Romagna a bakin tekun Adriatic, sun sami damar kafa gandun daji na dutse don samar da katako da abinci. Wannan shine farkon babban gandun dajin da Dante Alighieri ya ambata a cikin wakarsa ta 1308 Divine Comedy.
Irin waɗannan ayyukan gandun daji na dindindin waɗanda Visigoths suka haɓaka a c ikin ƙarni na 7 lokacin da, yayin fuskantar karancin katako da yawa, sun kafa lambar da ta shafi kula da itacen oak da gandun daji. A amfani da kuma gudanar da yawa gandun daji da albarkatun yana da dogon tarihi a kasar Sin, kazalika, dating mayar da Han da daular da faruwa a karkashin landowning gentry. An yi amfani da irin wannan tsarin a Japan. An kuma daga baya aka rubuta game da daular Ming na kasar Sin masanin Xu Guangqi (1562-1633).
Farkon ci gaban Gandun-daji na zamani
Gudanar da gandun-daji kuma ya bunƙasa a cikin jihohin Jamus a karni na 14, misali a Nuremberg, da kuma a Japan na ƙarni na 16. Yawanci, an raba gandun daji zuwa takamaiman sashe kuma aka zana; an shirya girbin katako da ido don sabuntawa. Kamar yadda raunin katako ya ba da damar haɗa manyan gandun daji na duniya, kamar yadda a kudu maso yammacin Jamus, ta Main, Neckar, Danube da Rhine tare da biranen bakin teku da jihohi, farkon gandun daji na zamani da ciniki mai nisa suna da alaƙa. An kira manyan firs a cikin dajin baƙar fata "Holländer", yayin da aka yi ciniki da su zuwa yaduddukan jirgin ruwan na Holland. Manyan katako na katako a kan Rhine sun kai tsawon mita 200 zuwa 400, faɗin 40m kuma ya ƙunshi logi dubu da yawa. Ma'aikatan sun kunshi maza 400 zuwa 500, da suka hada da mafaka, gidajen burodi, tanda da wuraren kiwon dabbobi. An ba da damar kayan aikin katako na katako don manyan cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa a duk faɗin nahiyar Turai kuma har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a cikin kasar Finland.
Farawa daga ƙarni na goma sha shida (16), haɓaka kasuwancin teku na duniya, bunƙasar ginin gidaje a Turai, da nasara da ƙarin Berggeschrey (rushes) na masana'antar hakar ma'adinai sun haɓaka amfani da katako sosai. Ra'ayin 'Nachhaltigkeit', dorewa a cikin gandun daji, yana da alaƙa da aikin Hans Carl von Carlowitz (1645 - 1714), mai gudanar da hakar ma'adinai a Saxony. Littafinsa Sylvicultura oeconomica, ko kuma haußwirthliche Nachricht und Naturmäßige Anweisung zur wilden Baum-Zucht (1713) shi ne littafin farko na cikakken bayani game da gandun daji mai ɗorewa. A Birtaniya, da, zuwa wani har, a nahiyar Turai, da yadi motsi da Clearances yi falala a kansu tsananin kewaye zaman kansa dukiya. Masu gyara Agrarian, marubutan tattalin arziki na farko da masana kimiyya sunyi ƙoƙarin kawar da al'adun gargajiya. A lokacin, wani bala'in da ake zargi na gama gari tare da tsoron Holznot, ƙarancin katako ya taka rawa a cikin rigingimu game da tsarin amfani da ƙasa.
John Evelyn ne ya inganta aikin kafa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a cikin Tsibiran Biritaniya, kodayake ya riga ya sami shahara. Ministan Louis XIV Jean-Baptiste Colbert dajin Tronçais na itacen oak, wanda aka dasa don amfanin rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa a nan gaba, ya balaga kamar yadda ake tsammani a tsakiyar karni na 19: "Colbert ya yi tunanin komai ban da jirgin ruwa," in ji Fernand Braudel. A cikin layi daya, an kafa makarantun gandun daji tun daga ƙarshen karni na 18 a Hesse, Rasha, Austria-Hungary, Sweden, Faransa da sauran wurare a Turai.
Kula da gandun daji da farkon duniya
An fara daga shekara ta 1750s zamani kimiyya da gandunan daji da aka ɓullo da a Faransa da kuma Jamus magana kasashe a cikin mahallin tarihin yanayin malanta da kuma jihar gwamnati wahayi zuwa gare ta physiocracy da cameralism. Manyan halayensa sune ƙwararrun masu kula da gandun daji, da riko da dabarun samar da ɗorewa tare da nuna son kai ga samar da katako da samar da katako, gandun daji na wucin gadi, da mahimmin ra'ayi game da amfanin makiyaya da aikin gona na gandun daji.
Ingantawa
Inganta sarrafa gandun daji koyaushe yana da alaƙa da aikin ƙarfe da haɓaka kayan aikin injin don yanke da jigilar katako zuwa inda ya nufa. Rafting na farkon hanyoyin sufuri ne. Gilashin karfe sun fito a karni na 15. Karni na 19 ya ƙaru sosai da samun ƙarfe don bulala kuma ya gabatar da layin dogo na daji da layin dogo gaba ɗaya don sufuri kuma a matsayin abokin ciniki na gandun daji. Ƙarin canje -canjen ɗan adam, duk da haka, ya zo ne tun bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, daidai da daidai da  1950s syndrome . An ƙirƙira sarkar shuni na farko a cikin 1918 a Kanada, amma babban tasirin injiniyanci a cikin gandun daji ya fara bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II. Masu girbin gandun daji na daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan. Kodayake jirage masu saukar ungulu, jirage, binciken lesa, tauraron dan adam da mutummutumi suma suna taka rawa a cikin gandun daji.
Gandun-daji a karni na 21
A yau akwai ƙungiyar bincike mai ƙarfi game da gudanar da yanayin yanayin gandun-daji da haɓaka ƙirar nau'ikan bishiyoyi da iri. Karatun gandun daji kuma sun haɗa da haɓaka ingantattun hanyoyi don shuka, karewa, sirara, ƙonawa mai sarrafawa, faɗuwa, cirewa, da sarrafa katako. Ofaya daga cikin aikace -aikacen gandun daji na zamani shine sake dasa bishiyoyi, inda ake shuka bishiyoyi kuma ana kula da su a wani yanki.
Bishiyoyi suna ba da fa'idoji da yawa na muhalli, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ga mutane. A yankuna da yawa, masana'antar gandun daji tana da mahimmancin muhalli, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa, tare da Amurka tana samar da katako fiye da kowace ƙasa a duniya. Ɓangare na uku takardar shaida tsarin cewa samar da m tabbaci na sauti gandun daji stewardship da kuma ] orewar da gandunan daji sun zama sananne a yankunan da yawa tun 1990s. Waɗannan tsarin ba da takardar shaida sun ɓullo a matsayin martani ga sukar wasu ayyukan gandun daji, musamman sare itatuwa a yankuna marasa ci gaba tare da damuwa kan sarrafa albarkatu a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.
A cikin yanayin gandun daji mai tsananin girma, gandun dajin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don rigakafin ko rage girman zaizayar ƙasa ko ma zaftarewar ƙasa. A yankunan da ke da yuwuwar zaftarewar kasa, gandun daji na iya daidaita kasa da hana lalacewar dukiya ko asara, raunin mutum, ko asarar rai.
Masu Aikin Gandun-daji
Masu aikin Gandun-Daji suna aiki don masana'antar katako, hukumomin gwamnati, ƙungiyoyin kiyaye muhalli, ƙananan hukumomi, allon wuraren shakatawa na birni, ƙungiyoyin 'yan ƙasa, da masu mallakar filaye masu zaman kansu. Sana'ar gandun daji ta ƙunshi ayyuka iri -iri, tare da buƙatun ilimi tun daga matakin digiri na kwaleji zuwa PhD don aikin ƙwararru. Masu gandun daji na masana’antu suna shirin farfado da gandun daji daga farawa da girbi cikin tsanaki. Masu gandun daji na birni suna sarrafa bishiyoyi a cikin sarari koren birane. Foresters aiki a itãciya Nurseries girma seedlings for Woodland halittar ko farfadowa ayyukan. Foresters suna haɓaka ƙwayoyin halittar bishiyoyi. Injiniyoyin gandun daji suna haɓaka sabbin tsarin gini. Kwararrun gandun daji suna aunawa da ƙira girma na gandun daji tare da kayan aiki kamar tsarin bayanan ƙasa. Foresters iya magance kwari infestation, cuta, gandun daji da kuma makiyayar da wildfire, amma ƙara da damar da wadannan halitta al'amurran da gandun daji kunsa su gudu su hanya a lokacin da alama na annoba, ko hadarin rayuwa ko dukiya ne low. Ƙari, masu gandun daji suna shiga cikin tsare -tsaren kiyaye namun daji da kariyar ruwa. Kasashen duniya sun fi damuwa da kula da katako, musamman sake dasa itatuwa, kula da gandun daji a yanayi mafi kyau, da sarrafa wuta.
Shirye -shiryen gandun daji
Foresters ci gaba da aiwatar da tsare-tsaren da dazuka dogaro tsara hanya inventories nuna wani yanki ta topographical siffofin da kuma ta rarraba itatuwa (da jinsunan) da sauran shuka murfin. Hakanan tsare -tsaren sun haɗa da makasudin masu mallakar ƙasa, hanyoyi, kwalbatoci, kusanci da mazaunin ɗan adam, fasalin ruwa da yanayin ruwa, da bayanan ƙasa. Tsare -tsaren gudanar da gandun daji yawanci sun haɗa da shawarwarin al'adun gargajiyar al'adu da jadawalin aiwatarwa. Aikace -aikacen taswirar dijital a cikin Tsarin Bayanai na Geographic (GIS) wanda ke fitar da haɗe bayanai daban -daban game da farfajiyar gandun daji, nau'in ƙasa da murfin bishiyoyi, da sauransu ta amfani da, misali binciken laser, yana haɓaka tsare -tsaren gudanar da gandun daji acikin tsarin zamani.
Tsare -tsaren kula da gandun-daji sun haɗa da shawarwari don cimma burin mai mallakar ƙasa da yanayin da ake so a nan gaba don dukiyar da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin muhalli, kuɗi, kayan aiki (misali samun albarkatu), da sauran taƙaitawa. A wasu kaddarorin, tsare -tsaren suna mai da hankali kan samar da samfuran itace masu inganci don sarrafawa ko siyarwa. Don haka, nau'in bishiyoyi, adadi, da sifa, duk suna da mahimmanci ga ƙimar samfuran da aka girbe da ƙima, galibi sune mahimman sassan tsare -tsaren al'adu.
Kyakkyawan tsare -tsaren gudanarwa sun haɗa da yin la’akari da yanayin yanayin tsayuwa na gaba bayan duk wani shawarar girbi da aka ba da shawarar, gami da jiyya na gaba (musamman a cikin tsayayyun tsayayyar tsayuwa), da tsare -tsaren farfadowar na halitta ko na wucin gadi bayan girbin ƙarshe.
Manufofin masu mallakar ƙasa da masu haya suna yin tasiri ga tsare -tsaren girbi da kuma kula da wurin. A kasar Biritaniya, tsare -tsaren da ke nuna "kyakkyawan aikin gandun daji" dole ne koyaushe su yi la’akari da buƙatun sauran masu ruwa da tsaki kamar al'ummomin da ke kusa ko mazaunan karkara da ke zaune ko kusa da wuraren dazuzzuka. Foresters suna la'akari da sare bishiyoyi da dokokin muhalli lokacin haɓaka shirye -shirye. Shirye -shiryen suna koyar da girbi mai dorewa da maye gurbin bishiyoyi. Suna nuna ko ana buƙatar ginin hanya ko wasu ayyukan injiniyan gandun daji.
Daji a matsayin kimiyya
A cikin ƙarni da suka gabata, ana ɗaukar gandun daji a matsayin kimiyya daban. Tare da haɓaka kimiyyar muhalli da kimiyyar muhalli, an sami sake daidaitawa a cikin ilimin da ake amfani da su. Dangane da wannan ra'ayi, gandun daji shine kimiyyar amfani da ƙasa ta farko idan aka kwatanta da aikin gona. A karkashin wadannan kanun labarai, muhimman abubuwan da ke tattare da kula da gandun daji na halitta suna zuwa ta hanyar ilimin halittu. Gandun daji ko dasa bishiyoyi, waɗanda babban manufarsu ita ce haɓakar samfuran gandun daji, an tsara su kuma ana sarrafa su ta amfani da cakuda ƙa'idodin muhalli da na agroecological. A yankuna da yawa na duniya akwai babban rikici tsakanin ayyukan gandun daji da sa uran fifikon al'umma kamar ingancin ruwa, kiyaye ruwa, kamun kifi mai dorewa, kiyayewa, da kiyaye nau'in.
Bambancin halitta a gandun daji
Tushen samar da kayan gandun daji da ake amfani da su don dasa gandun daji yana da babban tasiri kan yadda bishiyoyin ke bunƙasa, saboda haka me yasa yake da mahimmanci a yi amfani da kayan aikin gandun daji na inganci mai kyau da kuma bambancin halittu. Gabaɗaya, duk ayyukan gudanar da gandun daji, gami da tsarin farfadowa na halitta, na iya shafar bambancin bishiyoyin.
Kalmar kwayoyin jinsi diversity bayyana bambance -bambancen da ke cikin jerin DNA tsakanin mutane daban -daban daga bambancin da tasirin muhalli ya haifar. Haɗin keɓaɓɓen ƙwayar halittar mutum ( nau'in halittar sa ) zai ƙayyade aikinsa ( samfurin sa ) a wani rukunin yanar gizo.
Ana buƙatar bambancin jinsin halittu don kula da mahimmancin gandun-daji da kuma samar da juriya ga kwari da cututtuka. Bambancin kwayoyin halitta kuma yana tabbatar da cewa bishiyoyin gandun daji na iya rayuwa, daidaitawa da haɓakawa a ƙarƙashin sauyin yanayin muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, bambancin kwayoyin halitta shine ginshiƙan bambancin halittu a cikin jinsuna da matakan muhalli. Don haka albarkatun kwayoyin gandun daji suna da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da su a kula da gandun daji.
Bambance -bambancen halittu a gandun-daji yana fuskantar barazanar gobarar daji, kwari da cututtuka, rarrabuwa na mazaunin, rashin kyawun al'adun silvic da amfani mara kyau na kayan haihuwa na gandun daji.
Bugu da ƙari, mafi yawancin bishiyoyi suna fuskantar sabbin barazanar saboda canjin yanayi.
Yawancin ƙasashe a Turai suna da shawarwari ko jagorori don zaɓar nau'ikan da tabbatattun abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su a wani yanki ko yan ki.
Tarihin ilimin gandun-daji
Georg Ludwig Hartig ya kafa makarantar gandun-daji ta farko a garin Hungen a Wetterau, Hesse, a cikin 1787, kodayake an koyar da gandun daji a baya a tsakiyar Turai, gami da Jami'ar Giessen, a Hesse-Darmstadt.
A Spain, makarantar gandun daji ta farko ita ce Makarantar Injiniya ta Madrid ( Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes ), wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1844.
Na farko a Arewacin Amurka, an kafa Makarantar Gandun Dajin Biltmore kusa da Asheville, North Carolina, ta Carl A. Schenck a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1898, a kan filin George W. Vanderbilt na Biltmore Estate. Wata makarantar farko ita ce Kwalejin Kula da gandun daji ta Jihar New York, wacce aka kafa a Jami'ar Cornell bayan 'yan makonni kaɗan, a watan Satumba 1898. Farkon karni na 19 masu gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka sun tafi Jamus don yin nazarin gandun daji. Wasu masu gandun daji na farko na Jamus suma sun yi hijira zuwa Arewacin Amurka.
A Kudancin Amurka an kafa makarantar gandun daji ta farko a kasar Brazil, a Viçosa, Minas Gerais, a 1962, kuma ta koma shekara mai zuwa ta zama malami a Jami'ar Tarayya ta Paraná, a Curitiba.
Ilimin gandun-daji a yau
A yau, ilimin gandun daji yawanci ya haɗa da horo cikin ilimin halittu gabaɗaya, ilmin halitta, ilimin halittu, ilimin halittu, kimiyyar ƙasa, canjin yanayi, ilimin ruwa, tattalin arziki da gudanar da gandun daji. Ilimi a cikin ginshiƙan ilimin zamantakewa da kimiyyar siyasa galibi ana ɗaukar fa'ida. Kwarewar ƙwararru a ƙudurin rikici da sadarwa ma suna da mahimmanci a cikin shirye -shiryen horo.
A kasar Indiya, ana ba da ilimin gandun daji a cikin jami'o'in aikin gona da kuma a Cibiyar Nazarin Gandun daji (jami'o'in da ake ɗauka). Ana gudanar da shirye -shiryen digiri na shekaru huɗu a cikin waɗannan jami'o'in a matakin farko. Hakanan ana samun digiri na biyu da na Doctorate a cikin waɗannan jami'o'in.
A kasar Amurka, Cibiyar Kula da Gandun daji na gaba da sakandare wacce ke kaiwa ga Digiri na Bachelor ko Digiri na Babbar Jagora ya sami karbuwa daga Society of American Foresters.
A Kanada Cibiyar Kula da Gandun daji ta Kanada tana ba da zoben azurfa ga masu digiri daga shirye -shiryen BSc na jami'a, da shirye -shiryen kwaleji da fasaha.
A ƙasashen Turai da yawa, ana yin horo a cikin gandun daji daidai da buƙatun Tsarin Bologna da Yankin Babban Ilimi na Turai.
Ci gaba da ilimi
Domin ci-gaba da canza buƙatu da abubuwan muhalli, ilimin gandun daji bai tsaya a kammala karatu ba. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararrun gandun daji suna shiga horo na yau da kullun don kulawa da haɓaka ayyukan gudanar da su. Wani shahararren kayan aiki shine marteloscopes ; kadada mai girman kadada guda ɗaya, wuraren gandun daji mai kusurwa huɗu inda aka ƙidaya dukkan bishiyoyi, aka zana su kuma aka yi rikodin su. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon don yin tunani na yau da kullun da gwada ingancin katako na mutum da ƙididdigar ƙima da microhabitats na itace. Wannan tsarin yafi dacewa ga yankuna da ƙananan tsarin sarrafa gandun daji masu yawa.
Al-Musawi
Al-Musawi (kalman الموسوي  , pronounced [ɪl'mu: səwi ] ) sunan mahaifi ne wanda wataƙila yana nuna cewa mutum ya fito ne daga babban gida mai mutunci  da  asalin ƙasa wanda ya fito daga Muhammad ta hannun Al Imam Musa al-Kadhim ibn Jafar a matsayin Sadiq (limamin Shi'a guda bakwai 7).
Ana kiran membobin wannan dangi ta sigar anglicised sunan su Hashemites. Suna kullum ba da honorific suna Sayyid kafin su sunan farko. Fassarar ainihin kalman Larabci Sayyid Sir a Turanci. Duk da cewa babu rubutattun bayanai ko nazarin halittu da aka yi akan wannan dangi, tarihin furuci ya yi iƙirarin cewa sunan yana nuna cewa wannan mutumin asalin zuriyar annabin Musulunci ne Muhammad: Jikan annabi Musa al-Kadhim na bakwai. Hakanan wasu ūan Muwaisawa suna ɗaukar sunan Kazmi na ƙarshe. Masawa da yawa sun yi hijira daga Makka da Madina Saudiya zuwa wani karamin kauye da kakansu Musa Al-Kadhim ya gina a Bagadaza Iraki. Manyan 'yan uwa suna cikin Iraki, kuma su ma suna cikin wasu ƙasashe kamar Lebanon, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia, da sauran ƙasashen Larabawa, amma yanzu sun bazu zuwa ƙasashen yamma da yawa.
Iyalan Al Musawi dangi ne na Larabawa masu tasiri saboda suna da alaƙa da Annabi Muhammadu. Zuriyar su ne kai tsaye daga Musa Al-Kadhim wanda ɗan Imam Ja'afar al-Sadik ɗan Imam Muhammad Al-Baƙir ɗan Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin ɗan Imam Hussain ɗan Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib da dan Fatimah ‘yar Muhammadu. Ana kiran membobin gidan Al-Mūsawi da taken Sayed a zahiri yana nufin Mista ko Sir. A matsayin take mai daraja, yana nuna mazan da aka karɓa a matsayin zuriyar Muhammadu kai tsaye. Mambobi galibi musulmai ne na Shi’a da aka samu a Iraki, Iran da sauran wurare a duniya
Tushen dangin Al-Mūsawi sun fito ne daga Babban kabilar Banu Hashim, dangin Quraishawa, wanda ya sanya su Adnani Larabawa ko Larabawan Arewa waɗanda suka samo asali daga Ibrahim ta hannun ɗansa Isma'il a Mesopotamiya, yanzu Iraki, a tsohon garin Ur, kusa da Nasariyah, a Kudancin Iraki.
Mariama Hima
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Hima a Yamai a shekara ta( 1951), kuma ta yi karatu a cikin gida har sai da ta sami digiri na farko. A cikin shekara ta( 1973), ta tafi Faransa kuma ta ƙaranci ilimin harsuna a École pratique des hautes études a Paris. Ta sami digirinta na uku a shekara ta( 1989), daga Jami'ar Paris X a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam.
Haɗa Sinima da aikin siyasa
A cikin shekarun( 1980 da 1990 )ta harbe fina -finai guda biyar, inda ta zama mace ta farko darektan fina -finan Nijar.
Bayan ɗaukar mafi yawan fina -finan ta, Hima ta yi aiki gaba ɗaya sama da shekaru goma a matsayin mai kula da gidan adana kayan tarihi na Nijar a Yamai, inda tsakanin shekara ta (1992 zuwa 1996), ta yi aiki a matsayin darekta. A shekara ta (1990), an naɗa ta a matsayin Daraktar Al'adu na kasa.
A cikin 1996, shugaban Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara ya naɗa Hima a matsayin Sakatariyar Ƙaddamar da Mata da Kariyar Yara. Daga baya, ta zama Ministan Cigaban Al'umma na Nijar.
A shekara ta 1997, an naɗa ta jakadiyar Nijar a Faransa, inda ta zama jakadiyar mace ta farko a Nijar. Duk da mutuwar Maïnassara a lokacin juyin mulkin soja na shekara ta 1999, ta ci gaba da zama jakadiya a Paris har zuwa shekara ta( 2003).
Finafinai
Fina-finan Hima, waɗan da suka fi maida hankali akan masu sana’ar hannu da ke aiki a Yamai. An ba su kyaututtuka a bukukuwan fina -finan duniya, ciki har da Venice da Beaubourg. .
Fahed Attal
Fahed Adnan Foad Abdul Attal ( فهد عتال   An haife shi a ranar 1 a watan Janairu shekarar 1985) wani Bafalasdine tsohon kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba. Shine dan wasan da yafi kowanne zira kwallaye a kungiyar Falasdinu da kwallaye 16.
Matsar zuwa Premier League ta Jordan
Bayan da ya dauki hankalin masu kula da kungiyoyi kamar su Al-Wahdat tare da rawar gani a gasar cin kofin kalubale na AFC shekarar 2006 sun amince da yarjejeniyar aro tare da Al-Jazeera na Jordan League. Bayan ya zura kwallo a raga 8 a karon kakar, Attal aka canjawa wuri a kan wani m yarjejeniyar daraja $ 210,000 USD. A shekara ta 2010, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar $ 50,000 na shekara daya don shiga Al-Wahdat Attal zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kungiyar ta lashe hudu cikin tarihi amma tare da sanya hannu kan Abdullah Deeb, Attal ya zabi neman sabon kulob. Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara daya tare da kungiyar Shabab Al-Khaleel ta Hebron ta Premier League na West Bank.
Ayyukan duniya
Attal shine dan wasan da yafi kowanne zira kwallaye a kungiyar Falasdinu, da kwallaye 16 cikin wasanni 36. Goma sha biyu daga cikin kwallayen Attal tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa sunzo ne a cikin shekarar kalanda ta shekarar 2006 wanda hakan yasa ya samu karbuwa daga Kungiyar Hadin gwiwar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya da Lissafi wanda ya ambaci Attal a matsayin dan wasan 8th na Duniya da ya zira kwallaye a raga a duniya tare da irin su David Villa da Bastian Schweinsteiger. Hakanan Attal ya kasance cikin jerin sunayen 'yan wasa 10 na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Asiya na' yan wasa 10 don kyautar gwarzon dan wasan AFC na 2006 Falasdinu tana da tarihin da ba a ci nasara ba lokacin da Attal ya sami nasarar jefa raga. Wannan ya kasance har sai da ya zira kwallaye a ragar Philippines a gasar cin kofin kalubale na AFC na shekarar 2012 inda suka ci 4-3.
Kulab
Al-Wehdat
João Batxi
João Pedro Fortes Bachiessa (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Mayu 1998) wanda aka fi sani da João Batxi, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a kulob din Premier League na Rasha Krasnodar a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. An haife shi a Portugal, yana buga wa tawagar kasar Angola wasa.
Aikin kulob
Ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙwararru a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Chaves a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba 2019 a cikin Taça da Liga.
A ranar 7 ga watan Satumba 2022, Batxi ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da kulob din Krasnodar na Premier na Rasha.
Bayanan kula
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Amir Khan
Mohammed Aamir Hussain Khan (an haifeshi a ranar 14 ga watan Maris shekarar 1965), jarumi ne a masana'antar finafinai ta kasar Indiya, kuma darakta, maishirya fim kuma sananne a gabatar da shirin talabijin. Ya kwashe sama da shekaru talatin a masana'antar Bollywood, Khan ya aiyana kansa a matsayin fitacce kuma babban jagora a masana'antar ta Bollywood. Yana da masoya masu yawan gaske musamman ma a Indiya da Sin, kuma jaridar Newsweek ta aiyanashi da babban tauraro, a duniya. Amir Khan ya samu kyaututtuka da lambobin yabo masu dimbin yawa, daga ciki akwai Filmfare Awards, hudu, National Film Awards da AACTA Awards, harma ma ta Academy Award''. Gwamnatin Indiya ta girmama shi da kyautar Padma Shri a shekarar 2003 da kuma Padma Bhushan a shekarar 2010, sannan ya samu lambar girmamawa daga gwamnatin kasar Sin a shekarar 2017.
Farko Amir Khan ya fara baiyana fuskar sa akwatin talabijin yana dan shekara takwas a cikin fim din kawun sa Nasir Hussain mai suna Yaadon Ki Baaraat a shekarar (1973). Fim din sa na farko bayan girmansa shine Holi a shekarar (1984), sannan ya fara fita a matsayin cikakken jarumi a fim din soyayya na Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak a shekarar (1988). Kwazon da ya nuna a fim din Raakh a shekarata (1989) ya saka shi ya samu kyautar National Film Award. Bayan karin samun karbuwar fina finan sa da kuma samun nasarorin da yayi a shekarun a shekarar 1990, sai Amir Khan ya aiyana kansa da daya daga cikin na gaba gaba na masana'antar finafinai ta Indiya. Hakan yafarune bayan samun karbuwar fina finan sa kamar DilWanda akayi a shekarar (1990) da Raja Hindustani shekarar (1996) da kuma Sarfarosh a shekarar (1999).
Belhassen Trabelsi
Belhassen Trabelsi ( بلحسن الطرابلسي; an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba 1962) ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan Tunisiya. Shi dan uwan Leila Ben Ali ne, matar tsohon shugaban kasar Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
Sana'a
Ya zauna a Majalisar Banque de Tunisie. Ya mallaki kashi 65% na jirgin saman KoralBlue. Ya kuma mallaki rukunin Karthago, gami da Karthago Airlines da Kathago Hotels. Ya zama Shugaba na Nouvelair a shekarar 2008. Ya kasance babban jami'i a rusasshiyar kundin tsarin mulki na Democratic Rally.
Koyaya, daga baya ya tsere zuwa Montreal, Kanada. A ranar 28 ga watan Janairu, 2011, an ambato ministan harkokin wajen Kanada Lawrence Cannon yana cewa ba a maraba da Trabelsi a Kanada kuma za a kama shi. Duk da haka, Cannon ya kuma ci gaba da cewa Trabelsi ya nemi matsayin 'yan gudun hijira don haka yana da 'yancin yin 'tsari' a karkashin dokar Kanada, wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekaru kafin a daidaita.
A watan Mayun 2016, Belhassen Trabelsi ya bace daga hukumomin Kanada. Washegari, ranar 31 ga watan Mayu, 2016, an shirya fitar da shi zuwa Tunisiya, don fara aiwatar da sulhu tare da Hukumar Gaskiya da Mutunci ta Tunisiya. A shekarar 2019, an kama Belhassen Trabelsi a Marseille, Faransa, saboda shigarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma karkatar da kudade, sannan aka sake shi bisa beli. A watan Yunin 2020, wata kotu a Aix-en-Provence ta bukaci a mika shi ga hukumomin Tunisiya.
A watan Janairun 2021, Cibiyar Bincike ta Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Aix-en-Provence ta yi watsi da bukatar Tunisiya na ta mai da Belhassen Trabelsi. A cikin hukuncin da kotun ta yanke, ba wai kawai Belhassen Trabelsi shekarunsa da yanayin lafiyarsa ba ne, har ma da "haɗin kai na rashin mutuntaka da wulakanci ga Belhassen Trabelsi da rashin isasshen iko a yayin da ake zalunta a tsare".
Bombino (mawaƙi)
Omara "Bombino" Moctar (a cikin Tifinagh ⴱⵓⵎⴱⵉⵏⵓ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1980) ɗan asalin Abzinawan Neja ne mai rera waƙoƙi da kuma kiɗa. Ana rera waƙarsa a cikin Tamasheq kuma galibi ana magance damuwar siyasa a Turag. Hakanan shine babban memba na Rukunin Bombino. Bombino batun fim ne na Agadez, Kida da Tawaye.
Matasa da farkon kiɗa
Bombino an haife shi ne a shekarar ( 1980) a Tidene, Nijar, sansanin Abzinawa kimanin kilomita( 80 ) arewa maso gabashin Agadez. Shi dan ƙabilar Ifoghas ne, wanda yake na tarayyar Kel Air Abzinawa. Bayan barkewar tawayen Buzaye a shekara ta (1990), Bombino, tare da mahaifinsa da kakarsa, an tilasta su gudu zuwa makwabciya Algeria don aminci. A wannan lokacin, ziyartar dangi sun bar guitar, Bombino ya fara koya wa kansa yadda ake wasa. Daga baya ya yi karatu tare da shahararren makaɗa jita Abzinawa, Haja Bebe. Bebe ya nemi shi da ya shiga kungiyar sa inda ya sami lakabin "Bombino", wanda aka samo shi daga kalmar Italia "bambino", ma'ana 'karamin yaro'. Yayin da suke zaune a Aljeriya da Libya a shekarun samartakarsa, Bombino da abokansa sun kalli bidiyon Jimi Hendrix, Mark Knopfler da sauransu don koyon salonsu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙa da makiyayi a cikin hamada kusa da Tripoli. Zuwa shekara ta( 1997), Bombino ya koma Agadez kuma ya fara rayuwa a matsayin ƙwararren mawaƙa.
Emmanuel Adeyemi
Emmanuel Olayiwola Adeyemi (An haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, 1950 - Oktoba 30, 2019) ɗan kasuwan Najeriya ne. Ya kasance wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Fumman Nigeria, wata ƙungiya ta ƴan asalin ƙasar da ke da sha'awar masana'antu, sinadarai, noma da kuma sassan kasuwanci na Agro Allied. Ya shahara wajen samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itacen Fumman, daya daga cikin manyan nau'in ruwan 'ya'yan itace a Najeriya.
Bombino (mawaƙi)
Rikodi da rikici a Nijar
Mai shirya fina-finai Hisham Mayet ya yi nasarar bin diddigin Bombino da rukunin sa na ƙungiyar lantarki Bombino a cikin 2007 yayin wani bikin aure. Ana iya jin waɗannan rikodin, tare da wasan kwaikwayon wakoki da yawa a cikin salon 'bushewar jita
' a kan fitowar madaidaiciyar Mitar '2009, Rukunin Bombino - Guitars daga Agadez, juzu'i. 2. Daga baya a cikin 2007, rikice-rikice sun sake kunno kai a Nijar kuma daga ƙarshe ya rikide zuwa wani Tawayen Abzinawa. Gwamnati, da fatan dakile tawayen ta kowane fanni, ta hana guitar ta Abzinawa, saboda ana ganin kayan aikin wata alama ce ta tawaye. Bombino ya yi tsokaci a wata hira da aka yi da shi, "Ban gjiua tata a matsayin bindiga ba sai dai kamar guduma wacce da ita za a taimaka wajen gina gidan Abzinawa." Bugu da kari, an kashe wasu abokan waka Bombino biyu, wanda hakan ya tilasta shi yin gudun hijira a makwabciyar Burkina Faso.
Ayyukan duniya, da komawa gida
Daga nan Bombino ya shiga Tidawt, ƙungiyar mawaƙi Hasso Akotey ta ƙasar Nijar, wanda hakan ya haifar da karon farko a Arewacin Amurka yayin da aka kawo makada don nunawa a fasahar fasahar Abzinawa wacce Cantor Center for Visual Arts ta shirya. Yayin da yake wurin, saxophonist Tim Ries ya gayyace Tidawt a cikin sabon kundin wakokinsa na The Rolling Stones versions, Stone's World: The Rolling Stones Project Volume 2, inda suka yi wasa a cikin murfin " Hey Negrita ", wanda kuma ya ƙunshi mambobin ƙungiyar Keith Richards da Charlie Watts. Daga baya Bombino ya ce bai taba jin labarin Rolling Stones ba, ganin cewa mawakan farin dutse ba su da karfi a Afirka.
Emmanuel Adeyemi
Rayuwar farko
Adeyemi, ɗan kabilar Yarbawa ne Kirista daga Ogbomoso, Jihar Oyo an haife shi a cikin dangin Timothy Adisa Adeyemi da Deborah Adunni Adeyemi a cikin birnin Legas. Ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Igbo kora sannan ya wuce makarantar Olivet Baptist Higher School inda ya wuce Jami’ar Legas inda ya kammala digirin girmamawa a fannin kasuwanci a shekarar 1974.
Bombino (mawaƙi)
Ayyukan duniya, da komawa gida
A watan Janairun 2010, Bombino ya sami damar komawa gidansa a Agadez. Don murnar kawo ƙarshen rikicin, an shirya wani babban taron kade kade a masalacin babban masallacin Agadez, bayan samun alfarmar Sarkin Musulmi. Bombino da tawagarsa sun yi wa mutane sama da dubu wasa a waƙar, duk suna rawa kuma suna murnar ƙarshen gwagwarmayar su. Hakanan an yi rikodin bidiyon don shirin fim, Agadez, Kida da Tawaye.
Yayin da Bombino ke zaman gudun hijira a Burkina Faso, mai shirya fim Ron Wyman, da jin kaset na kaset ɗin sa, sai ya yanke shawarar bin sahun sa. Wyman ya ƙarfafa Bombino don yin rikodin kiɗan sa da kyau. Bombino ya yarda, kuma su biyun, tare da taimakon Chris Decato, sun samar da faifai tare a cikin Agadez. Rikodin sun ƙare a cikin faifan sa Agadez, wanda aka fitar a watan Afrilu 2011. Agadez ya fara aiki ne a saman Shafin Duniyar iTunes.
Emmanuel Adeyemi
Rayuwar farko
Bayan kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Legas, Adeyemi ya yi aiki a masana'antar Kwastam na Najeriya da PZ kafin ya tashi ya bi mafarkinsa kuma ya kafa Fumman Nigeria Limited a shekarar 1981.
Sana'ar kasuwanci
Adeyemi ya fara FUMMAN ne a watan Satumba 1981 da N424 (Naira Dari Hudu da Ashirin da Hudu) da kuma mai da hankali kan sinadarai masu ruwa da tsaki na masana'antu wanda ke ba da sabis na tsaftacewa da kuma maganin sinadarai ga masana'antu, kafin ya koma harkar noma tare da Fumman Agricultural Products Industries Limited a shekarar 1995 bayan siyan na Lafia Canning Factory. Sunan FUMMAN a cewarsa hade ne da sunan matarsa Funmi da sunan sa Emmanuel.
Bombino (mawaƙi)
Ayyukan duniya, da komawa gida
Nasarar Agadez ta jawo hankalin taurarin kiɗa da yawa zuwa Bombino gami da Dan Auerbach na ƙananan Maɓallan. A watan Yunin 2012, Auerbach ya fara samar da kundi na biyu na Bombino na kasa da kasa mai taken Nomad. Nonesuch Records ne ya saki Nomad a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2013  kuma ya fara aiki a lamba ta daya a kan iTunes World Chart da Billboard World Chart. A halin yanzu, yaƙi ya sake ɓarkewa a ƙasar ta Mali, kuma bayan ‘yan watanni bayan haka Bombino da Tinariwen sun yi wani wasan kwaikwayo a Paris, inda suka tabbatar da ra’ayin kidan nasu a matsayin na tawaye da gaske. Bombino ya fara rangadi a Amurka a watan Mayu 2013. Yawon shakatawa ya hada da bayyana a manyan bukukuwan kiɗa, ciki har da Bonnaroo da bikin The Newport Folk Festival. A cikin 2013, an kuma gayyaci Bombino don buɗe wa Robert Plant, Amadou &amp; Mariam da Gogol Bordello.
Emmanuel Adeyemi
Sana'ar kasuwanci
Adeyemi ya wakilci kasashen Afirka, Pasifik da Caribbean a lokacin taron masana'antu na Agro-Industry na shekarar 2002 wanda Tarayyar Turai da ADB suka dauki nauyi. Kuma a shekara ta 2003 an nada shi shugaban kungiyar masu noman 'ya'yan itace ta Ghana/Nigeria a Akosombo, Ghana. Daga baya aka nada shi shugaban kungiyar ECOWAS Mango Stakeholders Forum.
A cikin shekarar 2010, Adeyemi ya matsar da sashin aikin gona na Fumman don ya mamaye yankin Najeriya da sauran sassan yammacin Afirka. A shekarar 2013 ne aka zabe shi a matsayin daya daga cikin masu gabatar da kara a taron tattalin arzikin Najeriya karo na 19 don gano hanyoyin gina kasuwar hada-hadar kayayyaki don fadada kasuwannin noma.
Bombino (mawaƙi)
Ayyukan duniya, da komawa gida
A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2016, Bombino ya saki Azel. Wanda David Longstreth na Dirty Projectors ya kirkira, kundin ya kawo jita na Bombino yana wasa a gaba yayin da yake kasancewa mai gaskiya ga ƙauyukan sahara yayin da yake waƙa a cikin yaren mahaifinsa na Tamasheq. Pitchfork's Andy Beta ya lura sosai musamman cewa rikodin "yana ba da cikakkiyar maimaitawar ƙyamar shuɗi wanda yake ingantacce kuma mai buri."
Don kundin faifan sauti na shida, Deran, Bombino da aka rubuta a Casablanca a Studio HIBA, gidan dautkar hoto mallakar sarkin Morocco. A watan Mayu 2018, gabanin fitowar kundin, bulogin kiɗan, Noisey, ya kira Bombino "'san wasan Jita na ™." Bayan haka, ranar da aka saki Deran, Bombino ya yi masa lakabi da "Sarkin Shred" ta New York Times, wani laƙabi wanda daga nan kafofin watsa labarai da yawa suka karɓe shi. Deran an sake shi bisa hukuma a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2018, kuma an karbe shi tare da yaɗawa don yabo ga duka kidan sa da kuma karɓar al'adu da al'adun gargajiya. Jason Heller na NPR ya rubuta cewa wasan kwaikwayon Bombino akan kundin "yayi magana kuma yana numfashi cikin ƙarni da yawa." An zabi Deran a cikin rukunin Mafi Kyawun Kundin Kwallan Duniya a lambar yabo ta Grammy ta 61 na Shekaru. Bombino shine dan wasan Nijar na farko da aka zaba don kyautar Grammy.
Emmanuel Adeyemi
Rayuwa ta sirri
Emmanuel Adeyemi ya auri Olufunmilayo Amos, farfesa a fannin Pharmacy a shekarar 1978, kuma suna da yara uku tare.
An san shi da addinin Kirista kuma ya kasance Kirista mai kishin Baftisma har zuwa rasuwarsa a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba, 2019 yana da shekaru 69 a Legas, Najeriya.
Baƙaƙen daidaitacciyar hausa
Bincike yagano cewa akwai baƙaƙe har guda talatin da hudu a daidaitacciyar hausa daga ciki wannan adadin kuma talatin da biyu zanan kansu sukeyi, biyu kuwa suna zaman wani naƙinne.
Ire-irensu
Ga wadannan baƙaƙe kamar haka;
Sannan kuna wadanda suna wakiltar wannan harafin (n) sune na masu lanƙwasa kamar haka. /ŋ/- tiŋkiya, naŋ, saŋƙo, gaŋga ds.
/ɲ/- haɲya, kuɲya, shaɲya ds.
Toyin Saraki
Toyin Ojora-Saraki (an haife ta a 6 ga Satumbar 1964) mai ba da shawara ne kan kiwon lafiya a duniya, mai ba da agaji na kiwon lafiya kuma Shugabar Gidauniyar Wellbeing ta Afirka. Ta kasance mai bada tallafi sosai dan ganeda kiwon lafiya.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Toyin Saraki da aka haife cikin Ojora da Adele sarauta iyalan Lagos, Nigeria, a matsayin 'yar Yoruba aristocrat Oloye Adekunle Ojora, da Otunba na Lagos, da kuma jikanyar Omoba Abdulaziz Ojora, da Olori Omo-Oba na Legas. A bangaren mahaifiyarta, 'yar Erelu Oodua ce, Iyaloye Ojuolape Ojora (nee Akinfe), kuma jika ce ga Iyaloye Sabainah Akinkugbe, wacce ita ma ta kasance mai zafin nama. Akinfes dangin masu masana'antu ne daga jihar Ondo.
Ta yi karatun firamare a St Saviour's School, Ikoyi, Lagos, da Holy Child College Lagos, bayan ta tafi United Kingdom kuma ta halarci Roedean School, Brighton. Ta sami digiri na LLB a fannin Shari'a daga Makarantar Landan ta Gabas ta Gabas da Nazarin Afirka da LLM a Dokar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya daga Kwalejin King's London, duka jami'ar London. Ta dawo Nijeriya kuma an kira ta zuwa Lauyan Najeriya a 1989.
Sadaka da sadaka
A matsayinta na Shugabar Gidauniyar Wellbeing Foundation a Afirka (WBFA), Misis Toyin Saraki ta kasance mai ba da tallafi ga Najeriya tare da ba da shawarwari tsawon shekaru 20 game da uwa, jarirai da lafiyar yara, nuna wariyar jinsi da tashin hankali, inganta ilimi, karfafa tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma a cikin Afirka. Ita ce mai ba da shawara game da kiwon lafiya a duniya game da Goals na Ci gaba a Nijeriya, yana rage yawan mace-macen mata da yara. Ta kuma ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarun ta hanyar Wellbeing Foundation Africa da ake kira #MaternalMonday a 2012, da #WASHWednesday, #ThriveThursday da #FrontlineFriday a 2018, don wayar da kan jama'a game da mahimman batutuwan mata yara da matasa da kiwon lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki, daidaita jinsi, tsaftar ruwa da tsafta, da ma’aikatan lafiya a gaba. a Afirka.
Ta ba da gudummawa wajen kafa Charungiyar Sadaka ta Rayuwa a cikin 1993 kuma ita ce mai ba da shawara ga Nationsan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kowace Mace Kowane Childan yara. Tana cikin kwamitin gidauniyar kawar da tashin hankalin cikin gida da kuma kwamitin gidauniyar Afirka Justice Foundation.
An nada Saraki ne a cikin Majalisar Dattawan Kasa da Kasa ta ICPD25 a shekarar 2019, shi ne Kwamitin Kula da Kawancen WHO na Kula da haihuwar jarirai da Lafiyar Yara PMNCH, sannan kuma Mashawarci ne na Musamman ga Ofishin Hukumar WHO na Afirka, Sabon Jariri na kungiyar Save the Children a Najeriya, Zakaran Kula da Lafiya na Duniya ta Devex, Asusun Tallafawa Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya UNFPA Zakaran tsara Iyali, White Ribbon Alliance Global Champion, kuma an nada shi a matsayin Inaugural Ambassador Goodwill Ambassador to the International Confederation of Midwives in 2014.
Rayuwar mutum
Ta auri Sanata Bukola Saraki, tsohon shugaban majalisar dattijan Najeriya wanda ke rike da mukamin Wazirin masarautar Ilorin a tsarin shugabancin Najeriya. Suna da yara hudu.
Nazarin daidaiton Kasa
Nazarin daidaiton kasa wato Geomorphology (daga tsohuwar yaren Girkanci : γῆ, gê, "ƙasa"; μορφή, morphḗ, "form"; da λόγος, Logos|lógos, "karatu") shine binciken kimiyya na asali da juyin halittar yanayin ƙasa da fasali na sifar Kasar da aka yi ta jiki, sunadarai ko hanyoyin nazarin halittu masu aiki a ko kusa da  duniya. Geomorphologists nemi su fahimci dalilin da ya sa shimfidar duba hanyar da suka aikata, to fahimta landform da ƙasa tarihi da kuma muhimmancin da kuma hango ko hasashen canje-canje ta hanyar hade da filin lura, jiki gwaje-gwajen da lambobin gwaji. Geomorphologists suna aiki a cikin fannoni kamar ilimin ƙasa (geology), ilimin kimiyyar gwaje-gwaje sifar duniya wato geodesy, geology engineering, archeology, climatology and geotechnical engineering.
Bayani
Doron kasa na duuniya ta ginu ne ta hanyar matakan bisa wanda suka bada siffar shimfidar wurare, da kuma geologic matakai da suka haddasa tectonic karfafa da kuma subsidence, da kuma siffar da jihar bakin teku labarin kasa.