cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Far-skeealaght Ghothagh
Aavioghey romanseeaght
Haink magh daa obbyr scanshoil shennaghys lettyraght beggan roish The Castle of Otranto: Observations on the Faerie Queene of Spenser liorish Thomas Warton as Letters on Chivalry and Romance liorish Richard Hurd. V'ad cur trimmid er y scansh leagh y chur er romanseeaght mean-eashagh myr troar ny h-eashyn as sheshaghtyn v'ayn. She Hurd hug "Romanseeaght Ghothagh" er y troa noa. Er lesh, foddee, dy row "red ennagh 'sy Romanseeaght Ghothagh cooie er lheh da baght ard-cheeayllagh as dean bardaght". Dys fendeil far-skeealaght Ghothagh, chosoylee eh seyrnaght Ghothagh as Greagagh. My vees seyrnagh scrutaghey strughtoor Gothagh rere reillyn Greagagh, cha voghe eh agh mee-chummey. Agh ta reillyn e hene ec seyrnaght Ghothagh, as tra t'ee goll er ronsaghey rere adsyn, t'eh ry-akin dy vel feeu eck chammah's ec y Ghreagagh. Cha nel y cheisht cre'n aght smoo cooie as kiart y blass eck, agh my ta keeall as kiaddey 'sy jees oc ny dyn tra t'ou scrutaghey ad rere ny reillyn kiaddagh ta stiurey dagh fer. Ta'n baght cheddin bentyn rish y daa horçh dy vardaght. My t'ou jeeaghyn er The Fairy Queen myr kiaddey classicagh, goghe uss meereiltys scammyltagh; my t'ou smooinaghtyn as arrey er y Ghothagh, goghe uss dy vel eh reiltagh. Ta unnaneys as aashaght smoo lane ec y chied 'er, agh ta unnaneys as aashaght elley ec y nah ta geiyrtys ass e dooghys. Er bun studeyrys shennaghys Palaye Noo Mémoires de l'Ancienne Chévalerie, hug Hurd argane lajer dy row lettyraght Ghothagh ny cummey ellynagh cho fondagh as ellyn Greagagh, rere'n coheks eck. Hass Hurd noi'n eie dy row romanseeaght ny Shee gyn feeu er y fa dy row ee erskyn cosoylaght. Hug eh trimmid er yn eie nagh row bardyn shirrey er sleih credjal ny screeu ad, agh cur orroo sheiltyn eh er son taitnys. Ren eh geddyr-scarrey credjue ny theay, nyn mun as breeaghys da skeealaght as bardaght, as credjue y lhaihder hene. Er lesh nagh row feme er y fer s'jerree: "tra ta [credjue ny theay] er y çheu echey, as ta bun ayns credjue ny h-eash echey da'n çheiltynys echey, t'eh lhiggey harrish [credjue y lhaihder] as lhiggey da'n lhaihder ve wheesh meechredjallagh as wheesh ouryssagh as s'taittin lesh."  Dooyrt eh myrgeddin nagh row kuse dy hropeyn romanseeaght wheesh do-chredjal as shen; myr sampleyr, va mraane caggee ry-akin ayns ny h-eashyn shen, as va sheshaghtyn caggee erskyn towse ry-akin 'sy Chroshaid.
Orlando, Florida
Ta Orlando ny chaayr ayns Orange County, Florida, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Va 238,300 cummaltee 'sy valley rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2010. She Buddy Dyer meoir y chaayr.
Far-skeealaght Ghothagh
Aavioghey romanseeaght
Liorish goaill rish dy row dooghys er lheh ec lettyraght Ghothagh, haink yn eie dy row mieyn e hene eck. Hug roish Warton as Hurd dy row yn eash Ghothagh cooie er lheh da sheiltynys, er y fa hene dy row eh barbaragh, as dy row beasaght yn eash jeianagh er goayl breeaghys bardoil. Dy feer, er lesh Hurd dy row yn eash Ghothagh ny share myr bun bardaght as far-skeealaght na'n eash Ghreagagh. Haink rish Bunneydaght, gleashaght ren arganeys noi y çhenn hickyrys dy row beasaghey y red cheddin as shareaghey. Lesh goaill rish dy row red ennagh caillt liorish beasaghey y teihill, haink rish yn eie dy row eh er sleih jeianagh ynsaghey jeh ny shenn eashyn neuveasagh as geiyrt orroo. Ayns 1765, hoilshee magh James Macpherson "shenn obbraghyn Ossian çhyndaait ass y Ghaelg Albinagh", agh s'cosoylagh dy nee eh obbyr eh hene v'ayn son y chooid smoo, goaill stiagh eieyn jeh beeal-arrish as arraneyn ny h-Albey. Va cummaght mooar as lheead ec yn obbyr shen, er lheid ny screeudeyryn as Walter Scott, János Arany, Goethe as Herder. Screeu Goethe as Herder bardaght "Ossianagh" rish y cheilley. Va ard-vian ec sleih er feer shenn vard Nordagh, as ram anaase oc er shenn reddyn, reddyn dorraghey as neuhoilsheydagh. Chroo y ghleashaght shen çhymbyllaght chooie da aavioghey romanseeaght Ghothagh. Ren Warton as Hurd myrgeddin argane dy row lheid yn 'ar-skeealaght ny scaa streeu brastyllagh ny h-eash, raad va çhiarnyn tranlaasagh nyn voawir ayns cashtallyn, as ny shirveishee oc nyn roosteyryn as fir oaldey. 'Syn aght cheddin, ayns Otranto ta fansee mooadit ny eiyrtys drogh-ymmyd pooar. Va cremeydys elley bentyn rish cummaght Chatoaleaght Raueagh er romanseeaght. Er lesh sleih dy nee noaskeealaght ouryssagh y cummey cooie da cultoor toiggalagh Protestoonagh. Myr shen, haink corree er kuse dy 'leih liorish feddyn magh dy row Otranto ny skeeal jeieanagh, cha nel ny hyndaa ass shenn skeeal. Ny s'anmey, ver lhee stiagh Radcliffe "neughooghyssaght yn-hoilshaghey" dys aachoardail meechredjue Protestoonagh as graih scoagh scaanjoonagh.
Orlando, Florida
Çheer-oaylleeaght
Rere Oik Coontey-pobble ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta'n chaayr 143.1 km² er eaghtyr, 92.4 km² jeh ayns thalloo as 50.7 km² jeh ayns ushtey.
Far-skeealaght Ghothagh
Fallsoonys ooashlaght
Ayns 1674, ren Boileau çhyndaa traaght Longinus Peri hupsous er "aght mooar screeuee" ta greesaghey irree lajer. Haink yn eie shen y ve cummaghtagh, as ghow sleih toshiaght jannoo ymmyd jeh'n eie chlassicagh shoh noi eieyn classicagh elley, goaill stiagh mimesis (eiyrt er najoor). Rere'n "aght mooar screeuee", foddee ughtaryn goaill stiagh neughooghyssaght as reddyn ard-yindyssagh dys greinnaghey ennaghtyn gleashagh. Haink rish "Scoill Ruillick" bardaght Hostnagh, goaill stiagh William Cowper as Thomas Gray, screeu er marvaanaght as baase. Hug lheid ny h-obbraghyn folliaghtyn, scoagh as yindys noi resoonaghys y 18oo eash. Ren y Scoill Ruillick ymmyd jeh blass faasechredjueagh dys cur eieyn marvaanys er y lhaihder gyn taishbyney "feer" scaanjoonyn. Ayns 1757, hug magh Edmund Burke A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful bentyn rish yn eie cheddin. Er lesh nagh row gleashaght ennaghtagh cooie ynrican, agh femoil da aigney as corp. Ta ennaghtyn lajer, as scoagh erskyn ooilley, gooraghey feayr-chooish aigney as cummal seose aigney sunt. Va'n eie cheddin, dy nee scoagh eh ard-ghean skeealaght, ny vreeaghys da Walpole. Va bun ec obbyr Vurke as Walpole myrgeddin ayns dreeys as saieid sheshaght hraghtee ny h-eash, as mian ny theay er reddyn noa as greesaghey ellynagh. Ny yei shen, cha daink lesh ughtaryn y ghenre noa noi condaigys lettyraght 'ondid rish tammylt. Myr sampleyr, cha hoie ad monney jeh The Bard liorish Ghray, lane dy neughooghyssaght as bunneydaght. Haink lesh obbraghyn "Ossian" er y fa dy lhig yn ughtar er dy nee shenn obbyr v'ayn, as tra dooar ad magh nagh nee, haink cremeydys er. Foddee dy row laue ec cremedys The Bard 'sy lhiggey-er shen. Hyndaa Walpole dys drama, agh cha hoilshee magh eh yn obbyr noa, The Mysterious Mother dy foshlit; er lesh dy row bun-chooish y skeeal, croaiaght vayrey, ro-ghraney myr ayrn cuirraghan as erskyn aa-eaysley moralagh erbee. Cha daink eh rieau da thieyn cloie, as cha daink magh lhieggan clout derrey 1791. Ny yei shen, va cummaght echey er banglane Gothaght "hicklaagagh" noa, myr sampleyr dy scoagh dooghyssagh as cagliee sodjey dooghys deiney. Denmys Ann Radcliffe eh ayns The Italian, as va'n blass cheddin ry-akin ny s'anmey ayns obbraghyn Mary Shelley, y Çhiarn Byron as Edgar Allen Poe. Ec y traa cheddin, ghow sleih toshiaght dy hoaiaghey mooar jeh Otranto myr shaanrey noa. Ren William Warburton, ny ghooinney lettyragh mie er enney, cur moylley da myr "ard-obbyr" er son jannoo ymmyd jeh "sheiltynys aalin" as "briwnys fondagh" dys goll harrish "feniaghtys Gothagh" as "cooilleeiney dean shenn doo-skeealyn, dy ghra myr shen, glenney ny h-ennaghtyn liorish erreeish as scoagh".
Bishaghey
By Ann Radcliffe as Matthew Lewis ad noaskeealee Ghothagh smoo cummeydagh ny 1790yn. Chosoylee Nathan Drake Radcliffe rish Shakespeare. Va Radcliffe mie er enney er son yrdjaghey far-skeealaght da keim bardoil noa; va Lewis er fys myr screeudeyr The Monk as MP, as va scammylt ayn rish lheid y fer cur magh obbyr nagh haishbynee 'mynchooishaght vaarderagh' ynrican, agh neuyeeys myrgeddin. Hug y jees oc nyn gummaght nyn hene er Gothaght. Va Radcliffe screeu rere noaskeealyn ennaghtagh, as firrinaght vardoil; va Lewis shirrey ard-haghyrtys as amlaght. Ren Radcliffe cosoylaghey 'scoagh' as 'grayn' ayns traaght: ta baggyrt jarroo cur grayn ort, agh ta scoagh croghey er follaghey dys gientyn ooashlaght; t'eh "lhiggey da'n çheiltynys obbraghey er y sannish goan ta firrinys faagail da". Ta scoagh ny obbyr sheiltynys; lesh goaill loaghtaght er hene, t'eh gientyn grayn. Ta ben-eniee Radcliffe freggyrt gortey ny egin ben lesh grayn; my she nhee neuheiltagh ta baggyrt orroo, myr sampleyr, jantys neughooghyssagh ny faare yeeaght, ta scoagh yrjee çheet orroo. She Gothaght scoagh phooaree t'ayn, cosoylit rish Gothaght challinagh graynoil Lewis ta ganheiltaghey y surransagh.
Orlando, Florida
Baljyn as caayryn lannoonit
Ta Orlando lannoonit rish ny baljyn as ny caayryn shoh heese:
Far-skeealaght Ghothagh
Bishaghey
Ayns 1785, hug magh Clara Reeve The Progress of Romance, ny cohaggloo ellynagh er romanseeaght as lettyraght. T'ee soilshaghey magh dy row ard-skeealyn Homer as Virgil nyn skeealyn romanseeagh, 'syn aght cheddin as Oie as Thousane. Er y vun shen, t'ee cur roish yn eie dy vel romanseeaght ayn er feie ny cruinney as car ny h-eashyn, as cha nel eh lhiettit da eash ny boayl er lheh. Ren ee geddyr-scarrey romanseeaght "bentyn rish sleih as reddyn ard-yindyssagh" veih noaskeealaght myr "caslys jeh feer vea as aghtys". T'ee croo rang noa far-skeealaght, "skeealyn noa as neuchadjin", ta goaill stiagh Otranto chammah's noaskeealyn ard-yindyssagh myr Tristram Shandy, Don Quixote, The Pilgrim's Progress as Robinson Crusoe, as gra dy vel blass moralagh er y clane. She noaid eh ard-hro y ghenre noa, as shassoo noi taishbyney taghyrtyn as bea cadjin.
Gothaght woirrin as 'irrinagh
Rish Gothaght y 18oo eash, haink magh y chied ghenre va screeut ec mraane as currit da mraane. Hug Ellen Moers "Gothaght woirrin" er (female Gothic). Ren cremeyderyn beaynaghey y plottey myr "ben-eniagh er ny goaill eddyr kemmyrk çheerey as cashtal baggyrtagh; er çhea voish karracteyr ard-ayroil ny keayrtyn, shirrey er moir haghrynagh ny keayrtyn, as y daa dy mennick." Veen ad "Gothaght 'irrynagh" n'oi dy Oedipagh myr streeu mac noi eaghtyrys. Ta cremeyderyn elley er ngra dy nee bun-chooishyn ta geddyr-scarrey y daa: ta ughtaryn leah Ghothaght woirrin cur tastey da kiartyn y vrastyl oc as kiartyn mreih, agh ta ughtaryn leah Ghothaght 'irrynagh cur ny smoo tastey da jarroo-enney. Va bun-ughtaryn co-emshiragh as roie-immeeaghtyn Radcliffe screeu er son argid son y chooid smoo, as anchochredjuagh dy mennick; v'ad shirrey argid as cur tastey da cooishyn kiartyn bentyn roo. Ta seyrsnys neuchadjin ec ny ben-eniee dy mennick; share daue seyrsnys ellynagh as lomarcanys çheerey na poosey as shickyrys heshoil. T'ad fakin poosey myr bargane tushtagh marish fer surdremagh da'n seyrsnys as argid eck, cha nel myr cooilleeney mian romansagh, as dy mennick ta poosey baggyrt orroo aght ennagh. Ta Miles gra dy vel ad çheet er ard-ayraght dy leah. Va ughtaryn firrynagh ooasle son y chooid smoo, as foddee dy row ad ronsaghey aghtyssyn keintys cadjin ny h-eash; va fir jeu homocheintyssagh er ard (myr sampleyr, Lewis as William Beckford) as va ourys cadjin ayn bentyn rish fir elley.
Gothaght Victorianagh
Vishee Edgar Allan Poe y shaanrey 'sy Steatyn Unnaneyssit, as va cummaght mooar echey er screeudeyryn elley (myr sampleyr, H. P. Lovecraft). Va laue ec Gothaght ayns far-skeealaght heanse myrgeddin: ta Frankenstein goaill stiagh laanid ny mynayrnyn shoh: prowaltyssyn mollaghtagh, yllagh as y beishteig hene. Ta cummaght ry-akin ayns obbraghyn H. G. Wells, myr sampleyr, The Island of Doctor Moreau.
20oo Eash
Ta lioaryn s'anmey Iris Murdoch, myr sampleyr, The Unicorn, goaill stiagh troyn Gothagh; as va Gormenghast liorish Mervyn Peake ny straih lane Ghothagh.
Loßbruch
She slyst ayns Detmold, y Ghermaan, eh Loßbruch. T'eh ny lhie mysh 6 km çheu hwoaie veih çheshvean y chaayr Detmold. T'ad Klüt, Oettern-Bremke as Bentrup ny slystyn ta çhemmal rish.
Va'n clyst cochorpit lesh Detmold er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1970 rere aalhiasseeyn y ghurneilys ynnydagh.
Ta'n clyst 1.05 km² er eaghtyr as 'sy vlein 2006 va 826 deiney cummal ayn. She Günter Helmer (SPD) y meoir as she Rüdiger Preuß yn ynnydagh 'sy Choonseil Chaayragh.
Baneag veg
She foillycan ee baneag veg (Pieris rapae). T'ee ry-akin 'syn Oarpey, 'syn Affrick hwoaie, 'syn Aishey as 'sy Vretyn Vooar. T'ee er ny jannoo dooie ayns America Hwoaie, 'syn Austrail as 'sy Teelynn Noa chammah.
Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta'n çheu s'yrdjey bane ouyragh as ta birr ghooey er ny skianyn hoshee. Ta daa spot doo ayns mean skian hoshee ny mraane. Ta'n çheu s'inshley ouyr as breck doo er.
Ta'n phraddag glass as follit dy mie er duillagyn.
Bea
T'ad breh oohyn er dooieyn Brassicaceae, goaill stiagh caayl, rahgyl as callish Rangagh; er y fa shoh t'eh coondit myr paitt. T'ad breh ooh lomarcan er duillag y lus. Ta'n eie ayn dy ren Brassicaceae aafilley covestaghyn isothiocyanate noi praddagyn ny baneag veg.
Ta'n phraddag soie er çheu s'inshley ny duillagyn dys shaghney cragheyderyn; cha nel ad meevlasstal myr praddagyn ny baneag vooar. T'ad cadley yn geurey myr cryslid.
Ta foillycanyn aasit.
Clare Christian
She inneen lesh y Reejerey Charles Kerruish, Eaghtyrane Tinvaal as Caairliagh y Choonseil Chiannoortagh, myrane lesh shuyr lesh Annie Craine, Shirveishagh y Tashtee. Ren ee studeyrys ayns Ollooscoill Lunnin raad hooar ee keim ayns Fishig as Kemmig. Ren ee obbraghey myr kemmigagh ronsee lesh y cholught Cadbury Schweppes. She Barrantagh Stiuree yn Ellan v'ee eddyr ny bleeantyn 1991 as 1996.
V'ee reiht myr OCF son Inver Ayre ayns Mee Vayrnt 1980 as reesht ayns 1981, agh cha row ee rahoil as ee shirrey aa-reihys 'sy vlein 1986. Ansherbee, v'ee reiht myr OCS 'sy vlein 1983 as pointit myr Shirveishagh Slaynt 'sy vlein 1996. Va Thie Lheeys Nobles troggit car e lhing myr Shirveishagh Slaynt.
Ynstaair
thumb|300px|Aase lhemeen impiroil ([[Eacles imperialis) veih ooh dys cryslid, lesh soilshaghey ny h-ynstaairyn.]] She keim bishee arthropodyn eddyr keayrtyn tilgey crackan ee ynstaair. Ta craaish ny h-arthropodyn ny ushylagh mooie neulhoobagh, as myr shen ta feme oc eh y cheau dys mooadaghey ny dys caghlaa cummey. Ta'n scansh eddyr ynstaairyn ry-akin bentyn rish daaghys, coreir chirpey, ny caghlaa earroo ny meeryn kirpey. Ta kuse dy arthropodyn foast tilgey crackan erreish daue appaghey, agh cha nel oayllee cur "ynstaair" er ny keayrtyn shoh gyn caghlaa kirpey.
Coontae Rinn Friù
She ard coonceilagh ayns Nalbin eh Coontae Rinn Friù (Siorrachd Rinn Friù, Cooncil o Renfrewshire, Renfrewshire).
Leffyr
She preeu-valley Choontae Ghoon ny Ghoal, Nerin, eh Leffyr (Leifear; Lifford). T'eh ny lhie ayns Glion Abhainn na Finne ayns shiar y choontae raad ta Abhainn na Finne çheet ry-cheilley rish an Mughdhorn. She boayl toshee Abhainn an Fheabhail t'ayn. Ta'n Strah Bane ny lhie harrish yn awin 'sy niar ayns Nerin Hwoaie as ta Leffyr kianglt rish liorish Droghad Leffyr.
Hie yn balley er ny hroggal mygeayrt cashtal va troggit ayn ec Manghus Ó Domhnaill, fer toshee Heer Chonnal (y chooid smoo jeh Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal) 'sy 16oo eash. Haink er y valley dy ve ny valley garrastyn jeh Armee yn Vretyn Vooar derrey seyrsnys jeh'n chooid smoo jeh'n ellan 'sy vlein 1922.
Rock Dog
She scannane aittys voish y vlein 2016 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh Rock Dog (Sheenish aashit: 摇滚藏獒; Sheenish hradishoonagh: 搖滾藏獒; pinyin: Yáogǔn Zàng'áo dy lettyragh "Masteen Tibetagh Rock and Roll"). Va'n scannane gientit liorish Mandoo Pictures as Huayi Brothers as v'eh stiurit ec Ash Brannon 'sy chied obbyr stiuree echey voish script liorish Brannon as Kurt Voelker. Ta'n scannane goaill stiagh gooyn J. K. Simmons, Luke Wilson, Eddie Izzard, Lewis Black, Kenan Thompson, Mae Whitman, Jorge Garcia, Matt Dillon, as Sam Elliott.
Coontae Rinn Friù (shenn choontae)
She shenn choontae ny h-Albey ee Coontae Rinn Friù. V'ee scryssit magh ayns 1975.
Malpys (billey)
She billey 'sy ghenus Acer eh malpys, as ta mysh 125 dooie ayn.
Juys (Pinus)
She biljyn bearkanagh 'sy ghenus Pinus ad Juys ny Pine. T'ad jannoo seose fo-chynney Pinoideae 'sy chynney Pinaceae. Ta mys 115 dooieyn ayn, agh ta'n earroo jeeragh croghey er quoi t'ou feysht.
Rheam
thumb|left|[[Juys millish Pinus pinea ayns raad ny Raue]]
Ta juyssyn dooghyssagh da cooid smoo ny Lieh-chruinney Hwoaie. 'syn Aishey as yn Europey, t'ad ry-akin eddyr ny h-Ellanyn Canaaaragh as Nalbin 'sy çheear dys yn Roosh as ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh 'sy çhiar. Ta juys Albinagh cummal dys 70°N ayns Norlynn, Soolynn as Finnlynn, as juys beg Shibbeyragh 'syn Çhibbeyr. 'syn Affrick, ta fer jeu, Juys Sumatragh, cummal eer fo'n yn Meanchiarkyl dys 2°S. 'syn America Hwoaie, t'ad ry-akin eddyr 66°N 'syn Chanadey dys 12°N 'syn Nickeraag (Juys Caribagh). Ta'n neuchaslid smoo eddyr oc ry-akin ayns Meksico as California.
T'ad er nyn gur stiagh ayns ardjyn tempreilagh ny Lieh-chruinney jiass, myr bun fuygh. T'ad ry-akin 'syn Çhillee, yn Vrasseel, yn Austrail as yn Teelan Noa.
Yeesey Chreest
right|thumb|Jalloo Yeesey Chreest y 11oo eash veih'n Ghreag right|thumb|[[Cristo Redentor, Rio de Janeiro]]
Juys (Pinus)
Jalloo-oaylleeaght
She biljyn sheer-ghlass rosinagh ad juyssyn, eddyr 3m as 80 m er yrjid, agh ta'n chooid smoo jeu eddyr 15m as 45m. She Juys beg Shibbeyragh as Potosi Pinyon ny fir sloo, as she juys shugyr eh y fir smoo. T'ad beayn, as bea 100–1,000 blein oc dy cadjin. She Pinus longaeva eh y juys s'odjey beayn, as ta fer jeu mysh 4,800 blein d'eash, mastey bioagyn shinney ny theihill.
Ta roost çhiu as scaaillagh ec y chooid smoo dy yuysyn, agh ta roost lhiannagagh as keyl ec kuse jeu. Ta ny banglaneyn gaase magh ayns caslee ghlooey, agh t'eh jeeaghyn gollrish fainney dy vanglaneyn ta gaase ass yn ynnyd cheddin. Ta'n aase caslagh dy vanglaneyn, jialgyn as crottylyn er ny reaghey rere corrillee earroo Fibonacci.
Duillagys
thumb|left|Duillagys aegey (toshtal) as aasit (jesh) [[Juys millish (Pinus pinea), as duillagyn crottylagh dhoney dorraghey as duillagyn jialgey er-akin er sthole aasit.]] Ta kiare sorçhyn dy ghuillag ec juyssyn:
Yeesey Chreest
Er yn oyr shen, ta Creesteenyn cur sheese er Yeesey myr Creest ny Messias. Ta Creesteenyn cur sheese er sushtallys, baase ourallagh as aavioghey Yeesey myr y Sushtal, as eh çheet er "naigh vie" (veih εὐαγγέλιον, euangélion y Ghreagish). Ayns beggan focklyn, she naigh barriaght veayn Yee er yn olk, as gialdynys y taualtys as y theihll beayn da dagh dooinney, liorish grayse jeeoil eh yn Sushtal.
Juys (Pinus)
Duillagys
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Yeesey Chreest
Rere shen, ta Moslymee coontey Jeesey myr aachoureyder yn chraueeaght vunneydagh unjeeagh jeh Adaue, Noah, Abraham, Moses as fayderyn elley.
Juys (Pinus)
Cones
Pines are mostly monoecious, having the male and female cones on the same tree, though a few species are sub-dioecious with individuals predominantly, but not wholly, single-sex. The male cones are small, typically 1-5 cm long, and only present for a short period (usually in spring, though autumn in a few pines), falling as soon as they have shed their pollen. The female cones take 1.5-3 years (depending on species) to mature after pollination, with actual fertilization delayed one year. At maturity the female cones are 3-60 cm long. Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale; the scales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds. The seeds are mostly small and winged, and are anemophilous (wind-dispersed), but some are larger and have only a vestigial wing, and are bird-dispersed (see below). At maturity, the cones usually open to release the seeds, but in some of the bird-dispersed species (e.g. Whitebark Pine), the seeds are only released by the bird breaking the cones open. In others, the fire climax pines (e.g. Monterey Pine, Pond Pine), the seeds are stored in closed ("serotinous") cones for many years until a forest fire kills the parent tree; the cones are also opened by the heat and the stored seeds are then released in huge numbers to re-populate the burnt ground.
Classification
Pines are divided into two subgenera, based on cone, seed and leaf characters:
Ecology
Pines grow well in acid soils, some also on calcareous soils; most require good soil drainage, preferring sandy soils, but a few, e.g. Lodgepole Pine, will tolerate poorly drained wet soils. A few are able to sprout after forest fires, e.g. Canary Island Pine. Some species of pines, e.g. Bishop Pine, need fire to regenerate and their populations slowly decline under fire suppression regimes. Several species are adapted to extreme conditions imposed by elevation and latitude; see e.g. Siberian Dwarf Pine, Mountain Pine, Whitebark Pine and the bristlecone pines. The pinyon pines and a number of others, notably Turkish Pine and the Gray Pine, are particularly well adapted to growth in hot, dry semi-desert climates.
The seeds are commonly eaten by birds and squirrels. Some birds, notably the Spotted Nutcracker, Clark's Nutcracker and Pinyon Jay, are of importance in distributing pine seeds to new areas. Pine needles are sometimes eaten by some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species (see list of Lepidoptera that feed on pines), the Symphytan species Pine sawfly, and goats.
Uses
Pines are among the most commercially important of tree species, valued for their timber and wood pulp throughout the world. In temperate and tropical regions, they are fast-growing softwoods that will grow in relatively dense stands, their acidic decaying needles inhibiting the sprouting of competing hardwoods. Commercial pines are grown in plantations for timber that is denser, more resinous, and therefore more durable than spruce (Picea). Pine wood is widely used in high-value carpentry items such as furniture, window frames, paneling, floors and roofing, and the resin of some species is an important source of turpentine.
Many pine species make attractive ornamental plantings for parks and larger gardens, with a variety of dwarf cultivars being suitable for smaller spaces. Pines are also commercially grown and harvested for Christmas trees. Pine cones, the largest and most durable of all conifer cones are craft favorites. Pine boughs, always appreciated, especially in wintertime for their pleasant smell and greenery, are popularly cut for decorations. A number of species are attacked by nematodes, causing pine wilt disease, which can kill some quickly. Pine needles serve as food for various Lepidoptera. See List of Lepidoptera which feed on Pines.
Because pines have no insect or decay resistant qualities after logging, they are generally recommended for construction purposes as indoor use only (ex. indoor drywall framing). This wood left outside can not be expected to last more than 12-18 months depending on the type of climate it is exposed to. It is commonly referred to as several different names which include North American timber, SPF (spruce, pine, fir) and whitewood.
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Ymmyd myr bee
thumb|Bearkan juys
Ta rassyn mooarey ec kuse dy ghooie, as sleih çhaglym ad dy ee. Ta roost sthie bog bane yn-ee ec juyssyn, as ram biomane A as C ayn. Foddee oo eshyn y ee aw, ny beihll eh dys poodyr er son dy chlannaghey broie, awree as nyn lheid, myr sampleyr, ayns pettuleipä (arran roost) Finnlynnagh. 'syn Toolynn, t'ad jannoo tey (tallstrunt) ass jialgyn aegey.
Logh
thumb|250px|[[Loch Nahuel Huapí 'syn Argenteen.]] right|250px|thumb|Oeschinensee, logh veg ayns Beinnyn Alpagh ny h-Elveeish She corpane mooar d'ushtey ta cruinnit, dy slane ny begnagh dy slane, liorish thalloo eh logh. Dy cadjin, ta strooanyn as awinyn stroo ayndaue dys ad dy veaghey lane. Er lhimmey jeh'n Chruinney, cha nel loghyn, myr ta fys ain, er dowan elley faagail magh Titan, raad ta loghyn jeant seose ass eetane. Ta ny loghyn er Titan beaghit liorish awinyn. Ta feanish ayn dy row loghyn er Mart ram bleeantyn er-dy-henney.
Manchuin Vooar
She coontae moirvaljagh reiragh as jesh-chliaghtagh thalloonit ayns Sostyn Heear Hwoaie ee Manchuin Vooar. T'ee çhemmit liorish Lancashire da'n twoaie, Treen Hiar Yorkshire da'n çhiar hwoaie, Derbyshire da'n çhiar yiass, Cheshire da'n jiass, as Merseyside da'n çheear.
Ta jeih slystyn eck: Ard-valley Manchester, Stockport, Tameside, Oldham, Rochdale, Bury, Bolton, Wigan, Ard-valley Salford, as Trafford.
Planaid
Dy cadjin, ta planaidyn rheynnit ayns daa ard-phossan: foawir ghas ta nyn blanaidyn mooarey lesh glooaght injil, as planaidyn ooiragh creggagh. Rere keeayllaght yn URE, ta hoght planaidyn ayns Corys ny Greiney. T'ad ayns oardagh foddeeaght veih'n Ghrian, ny kiare planaidyn ooiragh Curain, Badlag, yn Dowan, as Mart, as ny kiare foawir ghas Iupiter, Sarn, Uraanus, as Neptioon. Myrane lesh ny hoght planaidyn, ta queig planaidyn crivassanagh er y chooid sloo ayns Corys ny Greiney, as kiedyn dy thousaneyn dy chorpaneyn beggey. Magh ass Curain as Badlag, ta eaystyn, ny fo-phlannadyn cruinlaghey dagh planaid ayns Corys ny Greiney.
Breck ny keylley
She foillycan ee breck ny keylley (Pararge aegeria). T'ee ry-akin ayns keylljyn as faggys daue er feie ny cryss Phalearctagh. Ta'n fo-ghooie P. a. tircis cummal 'syn Oarpey hwoaie as veanagh, 'syn Aishey Veg, 'syn Teer, 'syn Roosh as 'syn Aishey veanagh. Ta'n fo-ghooie P. a. aegeria cummal 'syn Oarpey yiass as 'syn Affrick hwoaie.
Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta ny skianyn 40-45mm er lheead, as fir ny sloo na mraane. Ta daaghys ny mraane ny s'gilley as ny smoo baghtal na daaghys ny fir.
Ta P. a. tircis dhone son y chooid smoo; ta breck ouyragh urree, er lhimmey jeh cryss follym rish y chorp. Ta tree ny kiare cowrey sooilley cowraghyn sooilley er y skian jerrey, as cowrey sooilley elley rish birr y skian hoshee. Ta çheu s'inshley yn skian jerrey dhone marmyragh. Ta P. a. aegeria ny s'airhey na tircis agh t'ad gollrish y cheilley son y chooid smoo.
T'ee breh oohyn lomarcan bane er gish lossreeyn. Ta'n phraddag çheet ass lurg mysh 10 laghyn. T'ee mysh 27mm er lhiurid, glass as famman beg gollagagh oc. T'ee gaase dys foillycan rish mysh kiare shiaghteeyn. Ta'n phraddag gee faiyr, as Elytrigia repens erskyn ooilley. Ta'n chryslid glass ny dhone dorraghey. Foddee ee ceau yn geurey myr cryslid ny myr praddag; myr shen ta corys crampit dy sheelogheyn 'sy vlein.
Jarroo-raa
She abbyrt ta çheet er greesaght ny kiarail chadjin dy phossan sheshoil ny dy heshaght eh jarroo-raa. Fod y jarroo-raa dy ve screeuit ayns çhengey er bee, agh she Ladjyn y çhengey t'er ny h-ymmyd son y chooid smoo. Ta jarroo-raaghyn reiltyssagh goaill ymmyd jeh'n çhengey ynnydagh son y chooid smoo.
Ayr lossey
She lus blaaghey eh ayr lossey, ayr hallooin ny lus cosney folley (Achillea millefolium). T'eh dooghyssagh da'n lieh-chruinney hwoaie. V'ad cliaghtey jannoo ymmyd jeh dys castey folley. T'eh gaase liorish raisoamyn.
Jalloo-oaylleeaght
She lus lussagh sheer-vio t'ayn. T'eh cur magh gass ny ghaa wheesh as meadar er yrjid, as duillagyn er nyn reaghey orroo dy corrym. Ta ny duillagyn echey 5-20 kentimeadar er liurid. T'ad daa-'edjagagh dys tree-'edjagagh as er nyn reaghey myr caslagh er y ghass. T'ad lameydagh, bunnys. Ta blaaghyn baney dys bane-jiargey echey ayns dhossan; t'eh cur magh blaaghyn 'sy tourey.
Ymmyd
T'ad gra dy nee casteyder folley as greeseyder t'ayn. Ta geayr salicylagh, geayr isovaleragh as asparagin ayn. Ta ennym y ghenus rere Achilles, er y fa dy dooyrt ad dy hug lesh eh y lus noi lhottyn y çheshaght chaggee.
T'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh gish çhirmit ayr lossey ayns faaishnagh I Ching.
Ayns ny Mean Eashyn, v'ad cur ayr lossey ayns lhune myr blasstan. Ta duillagyn yn-ee echey, as v'ad gee eh dy mennick 'sy 17oo eash. T'eh millish as blass beg sharroo echey. Ta ymmyd jeant jeh ny duillagyn çhirmit myr lus blasstal myrgeddin.
FC Hegelmann
Ta Futbolo klubas Hegelmann ny Hegelmanns ny chlub soccer Litaanagh ta cloie ayns A lyga. Va'n club bunnit 'sy vlein 2009. Ec y traa t'ayn, she Andrius Skerla y reireyder.
Arrane reeoil
Ta arrane reeoil çheet er arrane ta cloiet ec cruinnaghtyn jesh-chliaghtagh ny formoil ayns faare da persoon, shellooder oik, ny shellooder renk er lheh. Myr sampleyr, she God Save the King yn ennym ta currit er yn arrane ta cloiet myr arrane ashoonagh neu-oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, myrane lesh arrane er lheh da Çhalse III, Ree y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y Chanadey, yn Austrail as çheeraghyn elley.
St. Petersburg, Florida
Ta St. Petersburg ny chaayr ayns Pinellas County, Florida, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Va 260,999 cummaltee 'sy valley rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2016. She Bill Foster meoir y chaayr.
Çheer-oaylleeaght
Rere Oik Coontey-pobble ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta'n chaayr 356.4 km² er eaghtyr, 159.9 km² jeh ayns thalloo as 75.9 km² jeh ayns ushtey.
Baljyn as caayryn lannoonit
Ta St. Petersburg lannoonit rish ny baljyn as ny caayryn shoh heese:
Phenomenon
thumb|Ta lostey [[foaddan|'oaddan ny haghyrt baghtagh, as myr shen, ny phenomenon.]] thumb|right|Cosoylaghey aile cainle er y thalloo (toshtal) as ayns çhymbylaght fo [[myn-trimmid (jesh).
T'eh ry-akin nagh vel y cummey cheddin er y phenomenon cheddin.]]
She taghyrt baghtagh eh phenomenon (ass Shenn Ghreagish φαινόμενoν, yl-rey. φαινόμενα - phenomena). Ayns glare cadjin, foddee phenomenon çheet er taghyrt ard-yindyssagh. Ayns oaylleeaght, t'eh çheet er taghyrt baghtagh, goaill stiagh fir chadjin, as eer my vees feme ayd er jeshaghtys er lheh er son eshyn y chronnaghey. Myr sampleyr, ayns fishig, ta phenomena goaill stiagh cooilleeinaghyn Isaac Newton er cruinlaghey ny h-eayst as trimmid cadjin, ny cooilleeinaghyn Ghalileo Galilei er gleashaght crogheydane. Ayns fallsoonys, t'eh çheet er taghyrt er ny hastey ec peiagh ennagh. Foddee ad goll er tastey liorish ny keeallyn ny liorish yn aigney.
Rolley coondaeghyn y Pholynn
right|thumb|Caslys-çheerey er ny coondaeghyn 'sy Pholynn jiu Ta'n rolley shoh çheet er dagh aarheynn as staydys coontae oc 'sy Pholynn.
Ta'n coontae, ny powiat 'sy Pholynnish, ny rheynn jeh'n nah cheim rere aarheynnyn y Pholynn, eddyr ny queiggaghyn as ny baljaghtyn. Ta'n rolley goaill stiagh ny 314 coondaeghyn thallooin (powiaty ziemskie) as ny 65 coondaeghyn caayragh (miasta na prawach powiatu ny powiaty grodzkie).
Yn Agglish Vreck (ard coonseilagh)
Ta ardjyn coonseilagh ny h-Albey nyn eaghtyryssyn unnidagh, agh cha nel yn enmys shen currit orroo 'sy leigh.
Bun an Phobail
She balley beg as ynnyd seyrey slystagh ayns lieh-innys Inis Eoghain, twoaie Choontae Ghoon ny Ghoal, Nerin, eh Bun an Phobail (Yernish son "Bun y Phobble"; Moville).
Mosebeck
She slyst ayns Detmold, y Ghermaan, eh Mosebeck. T'eh ny lhie mysh 6 km çheu hwoaie veih çheshvean y chaayr Detmold. T'ad Niederschönhagen, Vahlhausen, Hakedahl, Brokhausen as Barkhausen ny slystyn ta çhemmal rish.
Va'n clyst cochorpit lesh Detmold er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1970 rere aalhiasseeyn y ghurneilys ynnydagh.
Ta'n clyst 4.21 km² er eaghtyr as 'sy vlein 2006 va 479 deiney cummal ayn. She Rolf Strätner (SPD) y meoir as she Manfred Stölting (SPD) yn ynnydagh 'sy Choonseil Chaayragh.
Ta scoill oikanagh, boayl cloie, as ram clubyn ry-gheddyn 'sy clyst, goaill stiagh clubyn cor, keirdey, spoyrtyn, reayn lhiggey, as moddee. She cooid jeh'n voodeeys soccer SV Diestelbruch Mosebeck ee yn clyst.
Aahjioogh
Ayns kiare-chassee, she bollagh aer eddyr yn 'arang ny goolag as ny scowanyn eh ahjioogh ny readan. Ta coodagh çheusthie killagyn epithelium far-strahit collooagh kippeenagh echey, chammah's killagyn cornagh ta cur magh smug. Ta'n smug shoh lhie er killagyn ny h-aahjioogh dys ribbey ayrneenyn joarree. Ta ny kippeenyn tonnaghey as ymmyrkey ny h-ayrneenyn seose cour y ghoolag as farang, raad t'ad goll er sluggey stiagh 'sy volg ny ceau magh myr shelley.
Aahjioogh deiney
Ta crantessen mysh 21-27mm (0.8-1.1") eck as lhiurid msh 100-160mm 3.9-6.3"). T'eh goaill toshiaght ec y ghoolag, ec yrjid wheiggoo junt craue-drommey mhuinneelagh, as t'eh goalaghey dys ard-vronchyssyn ec yrjid y chiarroo ny wheiggoo junt craue-drommey thoracksagh.
Ta mysh 15-20 fainnaghyn lunganeagh cummey-C niartaghey cooyl as çheuyn ny h-aahjioogh dys coadey as ymmyrkey y bollagh aer. Ta'n trachealis kiangley king ny fainnaghyn ry-cheilley, as t'eh craplaghey rish creddal; ta shen jannoo lumen ny h-aahjioogh ny sloo, as ardjaghey reat gleashaghey ny h-aer. Ta'n oesophagus ny lhie erreish da'n aahjioogh. Ta ny fainnaghyn neuslane do nod yn aahjioogh filley beggan as lhiggey da bee goll sheese yn oesophagus. Ta'n far-ghlottys dooney doarlish y ghoolag rish sluggey do nagh dod bee goll stiagh 'syn aahjioogh.
Beiyn elley
Ta aahjiooghyn sheeintee elley as beishteigyn cosoylagh rish aahjiooghyn deiney. Ta aahjioogh ein eddyr yn 'arang as syrincs, as ta ny h-ard-vronchyssyn rheynn assjehsyn. Ta aahjioogh feer liauyr ec ollee, as ayrn jeh caslit fo y chraue cleeu; she aavuilltagh t'ayn, foddee. Ta fainnaghyn lunganeagh slane jeant ec kuse dy h-ein, as ad er nyn graueaghey ny keayrtyn.
Ta aahjioogh daa-veaghagh feer veg son y chooid smoo, as t'eh goll dy jeeragh stiagh 'sy scowanyn gyn ard-vronchyssyn baghtal. Ta aahjioogh s'liurey ec kuse dy lossagyn as kaikilee. Ta crammanyn lunganeagh ec yn aahjiooagh vaa-veaghagh, agh cha nel ad jannoo magh fainnaghyn myr adsyn t'ec amniota.
Çhingyssyn ny h-aahjioogh
Shoh heese ta çhingyssyn as asslayntyn bentyn rish yn aahjioogh:
Ayns 2008, ghow ben Cholombagh aahjioogh aa-hoit as e gass-chillagyn hene ayn do nagh beagh e corp jiooley yn olt.
Hemichordata
She phylum dy veiyn marrey ayns Deuterostomia eh Hemichordata. T'ad çheet rish 'syn Eash Chambriagh; ta tree oardaghyn er mayrn aynsyn, as fer elley anvio. She bioagyn dhianeagh lomarcan ad Enteropneusta. T'ad cummal ayns tuill as fassaghey er bun ny marrey son y chooid smoo; agh ta dooieyn ayns ta sheeley bea ass yn ushtey. Ta Pterobranchia sheeley bea, as cummal ayns strughtoor piobanagh ass collagen (coenecium).
Imraaghyn
Cameron, C.B. 2005. A phylogeny of the hemichordates based on morphological characters. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83(1): 196-2
Merseyside
She coontae moirvaljagh as jesh-chliaghtagh ayns Sostyn Heear Hwoaie eh Merseyside. T'eh çhemmit liorish Lancashire da'n twoaie, Manchuin Vooar da'n çhiar, as Cheshire da'n jiass.
Ta queig slystyn echey: Lerphoyll, Sefton, Knowsley, St Helens, as Wirral. Erreish da jee-vunnaghey ny coonseil choontae ayns 1974, t'adsyn nyn lughtyn-reill unnaneagh.
Farang
She ayrn y wannal as scoarnagh eh farang. T'eh soit erreish da'n veeal as shamyr stroanney, as erskyn yn oesophagus, yn aahjioogh as y ghoolag.
Obbraghyn
Ta laue ec yn 'arang ayns corys lheieagh as corys ennalagh ymmodee bioagyn. Er y fa dy vel bee as aer nyn yees goll trooid yn 'arang, ta'n far-ghlottys (ny chooylley dy stoo kirpey) dooney y scoarnagh tra ta'n bioag sluggey, dys lhiettal plooghey as tayrn stiagh scowanagh. T'eh scanshoil da deiney er son fockley.
Ayrnyn
thumb|right|300px|Ta'n farang stroanney, farang beill, as farang aahjiooghagh ry-akin dy baghtal 'sy giarrey tessen [[plaaney sagittagh shoh.]] T'ad rheynn y farang ayns tree ayrnyn: farang stroanney, farang beill, as farang aahjiooghagh.
Farang stroanney
Ta'n ayrn stroanney eddyr ny tuill stroanney sthie as y chlea vog, as erskyn y çhamyr veill. Ta ny h-adenoidyn 'sy voalley cooyl echey. Ta ny piobanyn eaishteeagh eddyr yn 'arang as cleash veanagh fosley er yn 'arang stroanney. Ta'n doarlish fosley as dooney dys cormaghey çhionnid aer y chleash veanagh as aeraght, as lhiggey da ymmyrkey kiart sheeanyn.
Farang beill
Ta'n farang beill çheu cooyl jeh'n çhamyr veill. Ta'n boalley toshee jeant magh jeh bun ny çhengey as vallecula far-ghlottyssagh; ta'n boalley lhiattagh jeant magh jeh'n cheshleen, fossa keshleenagh as collooghyn keshleenagh; ta'n boalley heose jeant magh jeh eaghtyryn sthie ny clea vog as çhengey veg.
Farang aajiooghagh
Bentyn rish deiney, ta'n farang aajiooghagh ny ayrn fammanagh yn 'arang. T'eh fo y 'ar-ghlottys, as t'eh roshtyn yn ynnyd raad ta'n scoarnagh rheynn ayns piobanyn ennalagh (aajioogh) as lheieagh (oesophagus). Rish sluggey, ta tosheeaght ec bee, as cha nod aer goll ny hrooid.
Lemgo
She balley ard-scoill as y treeoo balley smoo 'sy Regierungsbezirk Detmold ayns iar hwoaie yn Rhine Hwoaie-Westfalen, y Ghermaan, eh Lemgo. 'Sy vlein 2011 va mysh 42,000 deiney cummal 'sy valley as eh beggan ny smoo na 100 km² er eaghtyr. Ta'n balley ny hoie 'syn ard Ostwestfalen-Lippe.
Va'n balley currit er bun 'sy vlein 1190 liorish Ooashlaght Lippe myr balley plannit er crossag scanshoil ny bollee hraghtee 'syn ard shen. Va kiartyn caayragh bronnit er y valley 'sy vlein 1245, as ny s'anmey haink er y valley dy ve oltey jeh'n Chommeeys Hanseatagh, as, rere shen, ta'n ennym "Shenn Valley Hanseatagh Lemgo" (Alte Hansestadt Lemgo) currit er y valley chammah. Ta ram thieyn mean-eashagh foast ry-gheddyn 'sy valley jiu. Derrey yn vlein 1973, v'eh ny valley reiragh er slyst Lemgo, agh hie yn clyst shen er ny dolley magh ny lurg.
Baljyn as caayryn lannoonit
Ta Detmold goll er lannooney rish:
Feevey
She ard coonseilagh ayns Nalbin ee Feevey (Siorrachd Fìobha, Cooncil o Fife, Fife).
Thaish
She çhengey ashoonagh as oikoil ny Çheer Thai ee Thaish (ภาษาไทย Phasa Thai. T'ee 'sy chynney çhengey Tai, as t'ad credjal dy daink ad ass ny ta yn Çheen yiass jiu.  She çhengey toanagh as scarreydagh t'ayn, as ta cowraghyn grammeydagh eck.
Toanyn
Ta queig toanyn 'sy Thaish: meanagh, injil, tuittym, ard as irree. Ta'n taabyl heese soilshaghey ny toanyn myn-heeanagh as y fockley magh sheeanagh oc.
Corocklyn
Ta Thaish geddyr-scarrey bleaysee ayns tree ronnaghyn:
Ta'n nah as treeoo jeu ec y Ghaelg myr myn-heeanyn: myr sampleyr, ta cronnaneagh neuennalit, as ta'n myn-heean  goll er fockley magh myr  neuchronnaneagh ennalit son y chooid smoo. Cha nel y chied ain agh myr fo-heean. 'sy taabyl heese, ta'n chied linney soilshaghey ASE, as ta'n nah linney soilshaghey lettyryn Thaish ta goll er fockley magh myr shen ec toshiaght yn 'ockle.
Breeocklyn
Ta breeocklyn neuchramp ny Thaish 'sy taabyl heese. Ta'n linney s'ardjey cowrey ASE y vreeockle, as ta'n nah linney lettyryn Thaish. Ta schimmeig (–) cowraghey ynnyd y chied chorockle ta'n breeockle goll er fockley magh ny lurg. Ta nah schimmeig cowraghey dy vel feme er corockle s'jerree ny lurg.
thumb|250px|Breeocklyn ny Thaish.
Ta ny breeocklyn ayns jeesyn liauyr as giare: t'adsyn nyn myn-heeanyn ta jannoo focklyn er lheh 'sy Thaish, agh t'ad goll er aascreeu 'syn aght cheddin; ta เขา (khao) çheet er "eh, ee", agh ta ขาว (khao) çheet er "bane". Shoh ny jeesyn liauyr-giare:
thumb|250px|Daaghooaghtyn ny Thaish.
Awin
thumb|right|250px|Yn Awin [[Annapolis (awin)|Annapolis, Nalbin Noa, y Chanadey.]] She coorse ushtey najooragh, jeant ass ushtey glen dy mennick, ta roie lesh faarkey, logh, mooir, ny awin elley eh awin. Ayns cooishyn ennagh ta awin çhirmaghey roish y çheet eck lesh corpane elley d'ushtey. Foddee dy vel awinyn beggey er enney fo enmyn elley goaill stiagh branlaig, strooan, gullad, glasheen, glass, a.r.e.
Thaish
Breeocklyn
Foddee ad coghiangley ny breeocklyn myr daaghooaghtyn. Ta Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993) gra dy vel adsyn as breeockle ardey ec y jerrey as  ec bun. Er son dy hoilshaghey toan, t'ad cur "liauyr" orroo as rolteen oc:
Ta tree treeghooaghtyn eck, as ad liauyr:
Awin
Ta awinyn nyn gooid jeh Çhymshal yn Ushtey. Ta ushtey çheusthie jeh awin çhymshit liorish frassaghey trooid teaumey, aalughtey ushtey thallooin, farraneyn, as skeaylley magh ushtey va tashtit ayns rio najooragh as sniaghtey (m.s. veih awinyn rioee).
Çheer ny Gaeil
Ta daa cheeall ec Çheer ny Gaeil. Foddee eh çheet er:
Çheer ny Gaeil (ard coonseilagh)
She ard coonseilagh ayns Nalbin ee Çheer ny Gaeil (Sgìre Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd, Highland).
Grammeydys
Ta grammeydys çheet er reillyn coyannoo bentyn rish glare ny rish çhengey er lheh. Dy cadjin, t'eh çheet er co-yannoo focklyn as raaghyn. Rere keeall ny s'çhaghney, t'eh goaill stiagh sheeanyn myrgeddin. Chammah's shen, t'eh çheet er studeyrys er ny cooishyn shen, goaill stiagh co-ordrail, sheeanchoryssaghtys, jalloo-oaylleeaght as semantaght. Cha nel eh çheet er cairscreeu ny punkaghey son y chooid smoo.
Çheer ny Gaeil (ard coonseilagh)
Ta ardjyn coonseilagh ny h-Albey nyn eaghtyryssyn unnidagh, agh cha nel yn enmys shen currit orroo 'sy leigh.
Grammeydys
Ta fys ec loayreyderyn dooghyssagh er strughtoor as reillyn ny çhengey, ga dy vel eh gyn enney er oc son y chooid smoo. T'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh dys loayrt 'sy çhengey.
Ta çhengoayllee rheynn eieyn grammeydys ayns soilshee as oardrailagh. Ta ram grammeydys cadjin ny tradishoonagh oardrailagh, dy ghra myr shen, t'eh cur reillyn er ny "lhisagh" oo gra as screeu. Dy cadjin, ta shen foayraghey un abbyrt (abbyrt adsyn as ard chied oc, son y chooid smoo) erskyn abbyrtyn elley. T'eh cur er bun çhengey chadjinit. Ta grammeydys soilshee cur coontey jeh'n aght ta'n çhengey goll er loayrt, as meenaghyn ny reillyn ta stiurey shen, gyn gra ny "lhisagh" oo gra.
Bun-ocklaght
Ta'n fockle grammeydys ass Shenn Ghreagish γραμματικὴ τέχνη, grammatikē technē (aght lettyryn) ass γράμμα, gramma ("lettyr"), ass γράφειν, graphein (screeu).
Çhengey ardjynagh
Ta'n enmys çhengey ardjynagh çheet er çhengey ta goll er loayrt ayns ard (ard beg, steat ny queiggey, ny ard elley ny smoo) ayns çheer ny steat. Dy h-eddyrashoonagh, as rere cooishyn y Chaart Oarpagh son Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Mynçhengaghyn, ta "çhengaghyn ardjynagh ny mynçhengaghyn" çheet er çhengaghyn ta:
Fine Gael
She partee politickagh ayns Pobblaght Nerin eh Fine Gael. T'eh ny nah phartee smoo ayns Pobblaght Nerin rere olteynyn y pharlamaid, y partee smoo rere ny towseyn-barel s'jerree, as y partee smoo rere olteynyn gurneilys ynnydagh as olteynyn y Pharlamaid Oarpagh. Myrane lesh shen, t'eh ny nah phartee smoo 'syn Oireachtas, y parlamaid Yernagh.
Va'n partee currit er bun rere covestey ny parteeghyn Cumann na nGaedheal as y Partee Laaragh, lesh Sheshaght Chumraagyn yn Armee.
Jees sloo
Ayns sheeanchoryssaghtys, ta jees sloo çheet er daa 'ockle ny daa raa ayns çhengey er lheh gyn agh un anchaslys sheeanagh eddyr oc, as keealyn anchasley oc. Ta çhengoayllee jannoo ymmyd jeu dys soilshaghey nagh vel daa heean mooie nyn vo-heeanyn y vyn-heean cheddin. Foddee ad ve anchasley bentyn rish sheean, toan ny traa.
Myr sampleyr 'sy Ghaelg, ta'n jees "mongey" + "mingey" cowraghey nagh vel ny myn-heeanyn as  ec y vyn-heean cheddin. Dy firrinagh, t'ad ec nyn myn-heeanyn hene ( as ), agh cha nel yn un tampleyr shoh feanish dy liooar shen y 'ondaghey. Myr sampleyr elley, ta "baagh" + "paagh" ny yees sloo ta cowraghey nagh vel as  nyn vo-heeanyn y vyn-heean cheddin.
Eddyr-scarrey corocklyn
Ta kiare bleaystee daa-veillagh ry-veenaghey lesh ny troyn "cronnaneagh/neuchronnaneagh" as "ennalit/neuennalit":, , and. Ta'n rang-oardraghey oc myr myn-heeanyn croghey er y çhengey er lheh, as cha nel dagh sheean mooie ec dagh çhengey.
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Differentiating vowels
The following table shows a minimal set in French distinguishing vowels, some or all of which may sound alike to an Anglophone, because the and  sounds do not exist in English:
Differentiating consonants
A minimal triplet of consonants in French is:
Because is not a single phoneme in French, this shows a minimal pair between the presence and absence of  next to, which shares its point of articulation. and differ only in point of articulation.
There are three verbs in Hebrew which demonstrate the distinction, in some dialects, between a velar stop and an uvular stop on one hand, and a glottal stop with and without tightening of the throat on the other:
In the following two Hebrew verbs, the only distinction is a glottal stop in the middle of the first word:
In Korean, phones in "Korea" and  in "Seoul" are allophones of one phoneme and are perceived by native speakers of Korean as a single phoneme. The difference is that is an allophone of this phoneme before vowels.
Differentiating chronemes
Hungarian, German and Thai have distinctive vowel length, as did Latin. E.g. in Thai (and compare this example also to the one on tone):
Differentiating tonemes
Languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Thai and many African languages. (See: pitch accent and tonal language.) For example in Thai:
Differentiating stress
Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian and Italian have many minimal pairs differing only in stress. Dutch has several, e.g. (stress indicated by acute accent):
Minimal pairs may differ superficially in more than one place if one feature is dependent on the other. For example, English record (noun) and record (verb) (and similar pairs) appear superficially not to be minimal pairs for stress because they differ in vowel quality as well. However, since the differences in vowel quality are predictable consequences of the differences in stress, such pairs are considered minimal pairs. The case is similar in Russian, e.g. мука ('torture, pain') and мука ('flour').
External links
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Fluke (scannane)
She scannane drama fansee Americaanagh voish y vlein 1995 eh Fluke. Va'n scannane stiurit ec Carlo Carlei as ren Matthew Modine cloie goo yn characteyr enmyssagh marish paartyn co-hassooagh liorish Eric Stoltz, Nancy Travis, Max Pomeranc, Bill Cobbs, Ron Perlman, Jon Polito, as Samuel L. Jackson myr goo Rumbo. Va'n scannane bunnit er y noaskeeal lesh yn ennym cheddin voish y vlein 1977 liorish James Herbert.
Elisabeth Moss
She aghteyr Americaanagh ee Elisabeth Singleton Moss (ruggit er 24 Jerrey Souree 1982). T'ee er ny gheddyn ram accolaidyn, goaill stiagh daa Aundyr Primetime Emmy, daa Aundyr Golden Globe, as daa Aundyr y Screen Actors Guild.
Hoshee Moss cloie ayns ny 1990yn leah as haink enney urree da'n chied cheayrt tra ren ee cloie Zoey Bartlet, y neen s'aa jeh Eaghtyrane Josiah Bartlet, 'sy straih drama pholitickagh The West Wing (1999–2006) liorish NBC. Chossyn ee enney ny smoo tra ren ee cloie Peggy Olson, scrudeyr hie dy ve ny choipscreeudeyr, 'sy straih drama hennearish Mad Men (2007-2015) liorish AMC, as, ny yei shen, chossyn ee Aundyr Çhellveeish y Critics' Choice son y Ven-aghteyr Share ayns Scannane/Myn-straih as Aundyr Golden Globe son y Ven-aghteyr Share - Myn-straih ny Scannane Çhellveeish son e tuarystal myr y Chronneyder Robin Griffin 'sy vyn-straih Top of the Lake (2013) liorish y BBC. Son gientyn as cloie June Osborne 'sy straih drama jee-launyssagh The Handmaid's Tale (2017-jiu) liorish Hulu, chossyn Moss Aundyr Primetime Emmy son y Ven-aghteyr Toshee Ard-yindyssagh ayns Straih Drama as Aundyr Primetime Emmy son y Straih Drama Ard-yindyssagh, mastey accolaidyn elley.
Ta Moss er ny gheddyn moylley lheeadagh son e cloiaghyn scannane, goaill stiagh paartyn co-hassooagh ayns Girl, Interrupted (1999), Get Him to the Greek (2010), as Us (2019) as paartyn toshee ayns The One I Love (2014), The Square (2017), The Invisible Man (2020) as Shirley (2020). T'ee er ny chloie ayns tree scannaneyn liorish Alex Ross Perry, goaill stiagh Her Smell (2018). Er yn ardan, t'ee er ny chloie er Broadway ayns gientynyn David Mamet jeh Speed the Plow as gientynyn Wendy Wasserstein jeh The Heidi Chronicles. Son y chione jerrinagh, chossyn ee enmyssaght son Aundyr Tony son y Ven-aghteyr Share ayns Cloie. Chammah's shen, t'ee er ny chloie ayns gientyn West End y chloie liorish Lillian Hellman, The Children's Hour.
FK Nevėžis
Ta Futbolo klubas Nevėžis ny Džiugas ny chlub soccer Litaanagh ta cloie ayns 1 lyga (Pirma lyga). Va'n club bunnit 'sy vlein 2014. Ec y traa t'ayn, she Darius Gvildys y reireyder.