cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Beiyn Nerin
Beiyn etlagh
Ta mooarane dy veiyn etlagh marrey ayns Nerin, lesh ram coloinyn ushagyn marrey skeaylt magh er feie yn choose lheid as ad er ny h-ellanyn Na Sailtí, Sceilig Mhichíl as Oileáin Chóplainn. Ta urlaghyn buigh ry-akin nish ny yei aa-osley lurg jeihaghtyn baaish (Claare Aa-osley yn Urley Vuigh ayns Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal). Ta eiyrtys freayltys elley ry gheddyn ayns stiureydys oayll ry hoi bishaghey y Phalaropus lobatus.
Beishteigyn as neu-vertebree elley
T'eh oolit dy vel mygeayrt 12000 dooieyn beishteigyn ayns Nerin (1400 jeu nyn lhemeenyn, 33 dooieyn jeh snaidyn mooarey as 34 dooieyn jeh follicanyn. Ta mie dy liooar ayn nagh vel feddynit magh foast. Ta tree listyn-shickyree jeh beiyn beishteigyn Yernagh soilshit magh-Coleoptera ,Lepidoptera as Diptera Ta 378 doieyn jeh doo-oalleeyn Ta screeuaght er neu-vertebree hallooin Yernagh elley ry-gheddyn ec gymmydey focklyn ogheragh. Ta'n ynnyd-eggey jeianit dy mennick agh ta barnaghyn foast ayn. 200px|thumb|right|Ta'n [[Catopteryx virgo ry-akin ayns Jiass Nerin ynrican]]
Ta dooieyn dooghyssagh Yernagh scanshoil goaill stiagh y gob doo pearl awiney, y doo-oallee chlag thummee, y follican breck cullee, shilleeid Cherree as y gimmagh voirrey awiney.
Beiyn ushtagh
Ta 375 dooieyn jeh eeastyn ayns ushtaghyn slystagh Nerin as 40 dooieyn jeh eeastyn awiney ayns ny h-awinyn as ny loghyn. Ta ram sheeintee ushtagh ayn myrgeddin, lheid as y doraid vooar-hronnagh, y pherkyn vooar as y pherkyn chadjin. Ta turtylyn marrey ry-akin dy mennick magh veih coose sheear ny çheerey, as ta'n coo marrey (Odobenus rosmarus (L.)) ry-gheddyn mygeayrt yn ellan chammah. Ta ny h-ushtaghyn sonderagh fynnyr mygeayrt Nerin goaill stiagh ymmodee dy neu-vertebree varrey 150px|thumb|left|Y [[braddan Atlantagh]]
Coventry City F.C.
Ta Coventry City ny chlub soccer Sostynagh. Va'n club bunnit 'sy vlein 1883 myr Singers. Ec y traa t'ayn, she Chris Coleman y reireyder.
Beiyn Nerin
Beiyn ushtagh
Ta'n Strah Harvaalagh Phorcupine, quoi ta 4,774 m er diunud, ny lhie er yn oirr vooarheeragh heear yiass veih Nerin. Ta ram eeastyn marrey mooar cummal ayn as va'n ard ronsit magh ayns souraghyn ny bleeantyn 1868 as 1869 liorish turrys-contoyrtys y H.M.S. Porcupine fo stiurey ec Charles Wyville Thomson. Ta eeastyn ladoosagh elley goaill stiagh eeastyn lheid as y sharkagh greiney, yn eeast greiney marrey, yn astan varrey, y caillagh varrey, y bochilley skeddan mooar-hooillagh, y chiark varrey as y shynnagh marrey cadjin.
Ayns studeyrys er beiyn marrey 'sy Vooir Cheltiagh va bunnit er 61 ghreim traalagh, v'ad y dragan traie cadjin as y vwatlag-maaigagh Pagurus prideaux ny dooieyn smoo ooilley-laaragh.
Thieyn tashtee baagh-oaylleeaght
T'ad ny preeu thieyn tashtee ry hoi baagh-oaylleeaght ayns Nerin na Thie Tashtee Tushtey Najoor Ghivlyn as Thie Tashtee Ulley ayns Beeal Feirshtey. Ta çhaglymyn beggey ry-gheddyn ayns ollooscoillyn Nerin.
Boodeeys Valencia
Ta'n boodeeys 23,259 km2 er eaghtyr lesh ny smoo na 4.8 millioon dy chummaltee.
Beiyn Nerin
Ronsaghey
'Sy vlein 2000, chur oaylleeyn ayns Nerin claare er bun fo'n ennym Ag-Biota as ee bentyn rish lhiggey yn eirinys noa-emshyragh er bea-neuchaslid.
Rannag
Ta'n rannag ny daa-veaghee jeh'n oardagh Anura (shen gyn famman ‘sy Ghreagish: an-, gyn + oura, famman).
Ta’n chooid smoo jeh rannagyn yn-enneydagh er coontey lurgaghyn jerree liauyrey, corp giare, cassyn craitnagh as sooillyn deamagh. Cha nel famman ec, dy cadjin. T’ad brey oohyn ayns dubbaghyn, loghanyn ny loghyn; ta ny oohyn gaase dys rannagyn aegey, ta cummal ‘syn ushtey, as grooaneyn oc. Lurg beggan traa, t’ad gaase reesht dys y chummey aasit.
Ta rannagyn ry-gheddyn harrish y teihll, veih ardjyn grianchryssagh dys fo-arctagh.
Rang-oardraghey
thumb|[[Rannag Aile-ghaillagh Europagh (Bombina bombina)]]
Ta mysh 4,810 dooieyn ‘syn oardagh Anura ayns 33 kynneeyn. Ta Leptodactylidae (1100 do.), Hylidae (800 do.) as Ranidae (750 do.) ny smoo. Ta mysh 88% jeh dooieyn daa-veaghee nyn rannagyn.
Cha nel fa oaylleeagh son eddyraghey rannag as beayf rere’n aght cadjin. Dy cadjin, ta sleih cur rannag er fir currit da ushtey as crackan rea oc; as beayf er fir ooirragh as crackan fahnaghtagh oc. Rere rang-oardraghey, ta dagh ooilley olteyr jeh’n oardagh Anura ny rannag, agh cha nel agh olteyryn jeh’n chynney Bufonidae nyn meayfyn. Ny smoo cruinn eer, ta rannag çheet er olteyryn jeh’n chynney Ranidae (“feer rannagyn”) ny lomarcan.
Ta tree fo-oardaghyn lheead ec rannagyn: Archaeobatrachia (kiare kynneeyn jeh rannagyn bunneydagh); Mesobatrachia (queig kynneeyn jeh rannagyn t’er nyn aafilley ny smoo); as Neobatrachia, y possan smoo, goaill stiagh 24 kynneeyn jeh rannagyn “jeianagh”. Ta Neobatrachia eddyrscarrit ayns Hyloidea as Ranoidea. Ta’n rang-oardraghey shoh rere troyn jalloo-oaylleeagh myr earroo vertebra, cummey y chryss chleeauagh, as jalloo-oaylleeaght ny rannagyn aegey. Ta bea-oayllee goaill rish y rang-oardraghey shoh son y chooid smoo, ga dy vel resoonaght ayn mychione mooinjerys eddyr kynneeyn er lheh. Foddee dy beagh studeyrys gien-oaylleeagh soilshaghey y chooish.
Jalloo-oaylleeaght as fyshoaylleeaght
thumb|Ushylagh [[Rana]]
Ta jalloo-oaylleeaght rannagyn gyn cosoylaght mastey daa-veaghee. Cosoylaghey rish ny possanyn elley, salamanderyn as kaikilee, cha nel famman ec rannagyn aasit, as bare lesh ny lurgaghyn oc lheim na shooyl. Ta crackan rannagyn lhiggey da ocsygien çheet ny hrooid, as er y fa shen nod ad gennalaghey trooid yn crackan oc. Ta’n ocsygien goll er lheie ayns brat ushtey er y chrackan, as goll ny hrooid dys yn ‘uill.
Son y chooid smoo, ta lurgaghyn s’jerree liauyr ec rannagyn as craueyn abaneagh sheeynit. Ta craue ghrommey ghiare oc, as cha nel ny smoo na jeig vertebraghyn seyrey eck. Lurg shen ta craue famman cholheit (gimmijey), as er y fa shoh she baagh gyn famman t’ayn son y chooid smoo.
Ta mooadys rannagyn goll veih 10mm (Brachycephalus didactylus, ‘sy Vrasseel as Eleutherodactylus iberia ‘sy Choobey) dys 300mm (y rannag Gholiath, Conraua goliath, ayns Cameroon).
Cassyn as lurgaghyn
Ta lheead cummaghyn coshey mastey rannagyn, croghey er dy vel ad cummal ayns biljyn, ayns ushtey ny er yn thalloo.
thumb|left|Ta [[rannag villagh Hyler (Litoria tyleri) soilshaghey ny cassyn craitnagh as doarnyn mair chass echey.]]
Ymmodee rannagyn, as adsyn cummal ‘syn ushtey er lheh, ta cassyn craitnagh oc, as rheamyssaght y chraitnys jeu croghey er y traa t’ad ceau ‘syn ushtey. Myr sampleyr, ta cassyn slane chraitnagh ec y rannag veg Affrickagh (Hymenochirus), agh my t’ou jeeaghyn er cassyn y rannag villagh White (Litoria caerulea), ny ghooie biljagh, cha nel agh kerroo craitnagh oc.
Ec rannagyn billagh, ta “doarnyn mair chass” son dy chooney goaill greim er ny biljyn. Cha nee doarnyn sooee t’ayn. T’ad goaill greim liorish feddanaght, as jannoo ymmyd jeh mooarane jeh killaghyn beg oddys greimmey eaghtyryn garroo. Cha nel ad çheet lesh my t’ad ro fliugh.
Kuse dy rannagyn ta cummal ard ayns viljyn, ta craitnys mooar oc, eer ny smoo na fir ushtagh. Ta ny craitnys shoh lhiggey dauesyn gooillian eddyr biljyn, ny stiurey traa t’ad lheim eddyr oc.
Dy cadjin, cha nel troyn myr shen ec rannagyn ooirragh. Son y chooid smoo ta ny doarnyn mair cass oc ny sloo (my ta’n lheid ayn) as ta beggan craitnys oc. Ta lurgaghyn s’jerree s’troshey ec rannagyn ooirragh na adsyn t’ec fir ushtagh ny biljagh.
Nieu
Ta nieu vog ec ymmodee rannagyn, son dy imman ergooyl cragheyderyn. Ny nieughyn oc, t’ad goaill stiagh gienneyder-branlaadys, gienneyder co-leaystey, nieu-nearag as thanneyder-cuishlin. Kuse dy chragheyderyn rannagyn, ta aalhiemmaght mooar oc noi ny nieughyn shoh. Foddee kuse dy ny nieughyn shoh cur drogh-eiyrtys er sleih.
thumb|left|[[Oophaga pumilio, ny rannag steab nieunagh; ta ymmodee alkaloydyn echey, as t’ad gimman ergooyl cragheyderyn.]]
Ta kuse dy rannagyn goaill nieughyn ass sniengan as arthropodyn elley dy vel ad gee. Foddee fir elley jannoo nyn nieu hene nagh vel çheet ass y vee oc.
Ta kuse dy vun-chummaltee America Yiass sheeley nieu magh ass rannagyn steab nieu, as cur eh er ny steabyn oc son shelgeraght, ga dy s’goan ny dooieyn ta nieunagh dy liooar son shen. Ta rannagyn nieunagh cliaghtit rish soilshaghey magh y nieunaght oc liorish daahghyn gial: she raaue-cowrey t’ayn. Ta daa ghooie neunieunagh Americaanagh ec y chooid sloo (Eleutherodactylus gaigei as Lithodytes lineatus) ta jannoo arrish er daahghyn rannagyn steab nieunagh (arrishaght Bates).
Er coontey jeh neuchaslid nieu rannagyn, ta anaase mooar orroo ec bea-chemmigee. Ta alkaloyd enmyssit epibatidine ry-gheddyn ayns kuse dy rannagyn steab nieunagh, as she moogheyder guinn eh, ny stroshey na morfeen 200 keayrt. Stoo elley t’er ny sheeley ass crackan rannagyn, foddee dy beagh eh cur aalhiemmaght noi VGYS. Ta oayllee jannoo studeyrys er nieughyn rannagyn son dy yeeaghyn my foddee ad cur dooin stoo lheeys noa.
Ta nieu rannagagh ayns taaley crackanagh chuse dy rannagyn, myr sampleyr y rannag awin Colorado as rannag cuirtlagh. Kuse jeu, myr sampleyr bufotenin, ta eiyrtys shicklaagagh oc, as myr shen ta sleih jannoo ymmyd jeu myr druggaghyn-soccar.
Tayrn ennal as kiarkley ny folley
Crackan rannagyn, t’eh neuyeenagh da ocsygien as carboan daa-osseed, chammah as ushtey. Ta ymmodee cuishleeyn faggys da eaghtyr y chrackan. Tra ta rannag fo ushtey, ta ocsygien goll er sheeyney hug da’n chorys folley dy jeeragh. Er y thalloo, ta rannagyn aasit jannoo ny scowanyn oc son ennal y hayrn. Ta ny scowanyn oc gollrish adsyn ec deiney, agh cha nel ny muskylyn chleeu gobbraghey ec tayrn ennal, as cha nel asnaghyn ny skairt oc. Son ennal y hayrn, ta rannagyn soo stiagh aer trooid ny tuill stroaney oc, cur er y scoarnagh sheidey seose, as eisht t’ad faastey laare y veeal. Ta shen cur er yn aer goll stiagh ny scowanyn oc. Dy mennick, ta cooylley ayns ny tuill stroaney, as ad dooint tra ta’n rannag goll fo ushtey. Ayns Luanistyn 2007, hooar ad rannag ushtagh ayns boayl fadaneagh ayns Yn Indoneesh. Y rannag Vorneagh kione-rea (Barbourula kalimantanensis), she yn chied rannag gyn scowanyn as fys urree ec oaylleeaght.
Ta cree jeh tree shamyryn ec rannagyn, gollrish y chooilley tetrapod, er lhimmey jeh ushagyn as sheeintee. Ta fuill ocsygienit çheet veih ny stooghyn kirp ennal as goll stiagh ayns unnane shamyr. Ta shamyr elley son fuill jee-ocsygienit dy gholl stiagh ‘sy chree. Eisht, ta cooylley chaslagh stiurey yn fuill da ny cuishleeyn kiart – cuishlin y chree son fuill ocsygienit, as y cuishley scowanagh son fuill ta laccal ocsygien. Ta feme ec rannagyn er y chooylley shoh, son dy yannoo sloo jeh mestey yn daa horçh jeh fuill. Er coontey jeh, foddee rannagyn cummal seose cormid soe ny syrjey, as jannoo ny smoo, na nod ad gyn ee.
Lheie as keckey
Ta’n beeal toshiaght corys lheie y rannag. Ta feeacklyn er y cheeill syrjey, as ymmyd jeant jeu son dy veihll bee roish sluggey eh. S’faase ny feeacklyn shoh, as cha nod rannagyn jannoo ymmyd jeu son feer ghreimmey. Ayns ynnyd jeh shen, ta’n rannag jannoo ymmyd jeh’n çhengey ghleiynagh eck son dy ghlackey cragh. Lurg shen, ta’n bee goll trooid yn bolg, as stiagh ‘sy chollane veg, raad ta’n chooid smoo jeh’n lheie taghyrt. Ta soo y phairaig villish, as buighid jeh’n aane, garraghey dys y chollane veg son dy chur cooney da’n lheie. Ta keck faagail magh ass yn arkyn.
Corys nearag
Ta corys nearag aasit dy mie ec rannagyn. T’eh goaill stiagh inçhyn, coyrd drommey, as neayragyn. Ta’n smuir oblongata reaghey tayrn ennal, lheie, as obbyr seyr-obbragh elley. Ta’n kerebellum reaghey ny muskylyn. Cosoylaghey rish deiney, ta kerebellum rannagyn feer veg. Cha nel cleayshyn mooie ec rannagyn; ta ny dollanyn cleayshey anchoodit.
Shennaghys vea
Gollrish daa-veaghee elley, ta kiare keimyn ayns bea rannag: ooh, rannag aeg, caghlaa cummey as rannag aasit. Er y fa dy vel feme er ushtey ec rannagyn, ta ymmyrkey colleeys goaill stiagh yllaghey colleeys, as shen cleayney rannagyn bwoirrin da’n ushtey raad ta ny fir nyn soie. Myr shen ta boayl mie faggys daue son breh oohyn. Ta kuse dy rannagyn goaill kiarail jeh ny h-oohyn oc, ny eer ny rannagyn aasit.
Ooh
thumb|Gloagh rannag
Ta toshiaght vea rannag yn ooh. Son y chooid smoo, ta'n rannag woirrin breh gloagh rannag ayns ushtey – mooarane stoo as thousaneyn jeh oohyn ayn. Er y fa dy vel gaue mooar da ny h-oohyn liorish cragheyderyn, ta saaseyn oc son dy yannoo shickyr dy beagh kuse dy chloan ve er mayrn. T'ad breh ec y traa cheddin, as myr shen cha nod ny cragheyderyn gee dagh ooilley ooh; bee cooid mooar jeu goll er gee, agh s'cosoylagh dy bee kuse jeu er mayrn. Saase elley son scapail gaue loghanyn, shen breh oohyn er duillag erksyn y loghan, as coodagh gleiynagh orroo son dy freayll sthie yn ushtey. Erreish daue guirr, ta ny rannagyn aegey tuittym sheese 'syn ushtey. Kuse dy ghooieyn, ta jargaght cronnaghey craa ec ny h-oohyn, myr sampleyr my ta connspeagh ny ardnieu faggys daue, as foddee ad guirr dy leah son dy scapail goll er ee. Dooieyn elley, myr sampleyr, y rannag chuirtlagh (Bufo marinus), t'ad breh oohyn nieunagh son jannoo sloo jeh cragheyderys. Ga dy vel eh croghey er y dooie as y çhymbyllaght, ta oohyn ushtagh guirr roish shiaghtin, dy cadjin. Dooieyn elley, t'ad ceau y clane cheim laarvagh sthie ny h-oohyn ny sthie ny mayrey.
Rannag aeg
thumb|Rannag aeg jeh [[Haswell's Froglet (Paracrinia haswelli)]]
Ta oohyn çheet dy ve rannagyn aegey. Ta corp oochroo as famman liauyr, rea oc. Unnane dooie, ta rannagyn aegey lieh-ooirragh echey, as ad cummal mastey creggyn fliugh, agh ta'n chooid smoo jeu slane ushtagh. Cha nel scowan, farvollee, ny lurgaghyn oc. Ta ushylagh lunganeagh oc, corys linnaghyn lhiattagh, sproghanyn son ennal, as fammanyn son snaue.
Cha nel feer ‘eeacklyn ec rannagyn aegey, agh ta straihyn liaurey jeh troggalyn keratinagh (keradontyn) oc. Ta’n chooid smoo jeh rannagyn aegey nyn luss-eederyn, as t’ad gee algey dy mennick. Ta kuse dy ghooieyn feill-eeagh, as adsyn gee shey-chassee, rannagyn aegey sloo, as yeeast. Ta mooarane jeh cragheyderyn ec rannagyn aegey, goaill stiagh yeeast, eairkagyn, deyil thummee, as ushagyn ny h-awin. Ta cannablaght er ny fakin mastey rannagyn aegey jeh kuse dy ghooieyn. Ec kuse dy ghooieyn ta rannagyn aegey nieunagh, myr sampleyr, rannagyn cuirtlagh.
Ayns kuse dy ghooie, ta rannagyn aegey tannaghtyn harrish y gheurey as caghlaa cummey y nah vlein – myr sampleyr, y rannag reealt (Alytes obstetricans) ny’n rannag chiebbey-chassagh (Pelobates fuscus).
Caghlaa cummey
thumb|Rannagyn aeg jeh’n rannag [[Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) caghlaa ny cummaghyn oc]]
Ec jerrey y cheim rannag aeg, ta rannagyn caghlaa ny cummaghyn oc. She caghlaa trome t’ayn, goaill stiagh jalloo-oaylleeaght as fyshoaylleeaght. T’ad gaase lurgaghyn as scowanyn, as ta ny collaneyn oc girraghey, tra t’ad garraghey veih ee lossreeyn dys ee shey-chassee. Ta ny sooillyn oc garraghey son dy lhiggey dou fakin dy ghaa-hooillagh. Ta’n caghlaa shoh soilshaghey y caghlaa veih olmys (as feme reayrtys lhean oc) dys cragheyder (as feme tastid duinid oc). Ec jerrey y chaghlaa, ta killaghyn y famman marroo (apoptosis) as t’eh goll er soo stiagh y chorp.
Rannag aasit
thumb|[[rannag lepard aasit]]
Erreish daue caghlaa cummey, ta kuse dy rannagyn goll magh ass yn ushtey as cummal er y thalloo, as dooieyn elley tannaghtyn ‘syn ushtey. Ta dagh dooie aasit nyn eederyn-foalley, faggys, as ad gee beiyn gyn craue dommey, myr sampleyr arthropodyn, annelaidyn as gastreypodyn. Beggan dooie smoo, t’ad gee beiyn elley, myr sampleyr, yeeastyn, rannagyn sloo, as sheeintee beggey. Ta kuse dy rannagnyn shelg liorish y çhengey gleiynagh oc, as dooieyn elley jannoo ymmyd jeh ny laueyn oc. Beggan beg jeh rannagyn, ta lossreeyn bun-vee daue.
Ta ram beiyn elley gee rannagyn, goaill stiagh ushagyn, yeeastyn, ardnieughyn, sheeintee, as sleih.
Ta bea liauyr ec rannagyn, ny keayrtyn; ga nagh vel monney fys ayn mychione y vea feie t’oc, ta recortyssyn ayn er rannagyn fo cappeeys as ad bea dys 40 bleeantyn. Cosoylaghey rish eairkagyn as lossagyn, cha nel rannagyn rieau çheet dy ve keintyssagh roish t’ad ec y cheim aasit.
Geddyn sliught
Tra t’ad aasit, ta rannagyn co-chruinnaghey ec loghan ny strooan son geddyn sliught. Ta ymmodee rannagyn goll erash da’n ushtey raad ruggyree ad; er y fa shen ta arraghey bleinoil ayn, as thousaneyn jeh rannagyn goaill rheynn ayndaue.
thumb|left|190px|[[Rannag cadjin|rannagyn cadjin (Bufo bufo) firrinagh as bwoirrinagh ec amplexus.]]
Erreish daue çheet ry-cheilley, ta’n jees jannoo amplexus. Ta’n fer drappal y ven as goaill greim urree. Ta torraghey mooie ec rannagyn: ta’n oohyn as sheelyn çheet ry-cheilley çheumooie jeh’n chorp. Ta’n ven feaysley er ny oohyn oc, as y fer cur lheieyn sheel orroo. Lurg shen, ta ny h-oohyn gaase as croo coodagh fendeilagh. Son y chooid smoo, ta ny h-oohyn dorraghey as y coodagh trooid-hoilshagh.
Kiarail ny mayrey as ayrey
thumb|right|Jalloo ass [[Kunstformen der Natur, 1904, liorish Ernst Haeckel, soilshaghey dooieyn rannag as kiarail ny mayrey as ayrey jeant oc.]]
Ga nagh vel monney fys ayn myechione, t’ad gra dy nod 20% jeh dooieyn daa-veaghee goaill kiarail jeh ny cloan oc. Ta ymmodee saaseyn oc son shen y yannoo. Ta kuse dy rannagyn steab nieunagh breh ny h-oohyn oc er laare y cheyll as cur currey orroo, chammah as freayll ad tash liorish jannoo mooin orroo. Erreish daue guirr, ta’n ayr ny moir (croghey er y dooie) garraghey ad er y drommey echey/eck da bromeliad as ushtey ayn. Lurg shen, nee yn voir cur bee daue, liorish breh oohyn neulhearee ‘syn ushtey. Rannagyn elley, t’ad ymmyrkey lhieu ny h-oohyn (ny rannagyn aegey) er ny lurgaghyn sjerree ny’n drommey oc (myr sampleyr, y rannag reealt, dooieyn Alytes). Ta kuse dy rannagyn eer ymmyrkey lhieu ny cloan oc sthie y chorp oc hene. Y rannag phoagey Austrailagh firrinagh, ta poagaghyn er y lhiattee echey, raad ta ny rannagyn aegey cummal derrey t’ad caghlaa cummey. Y rannag Gharwin (Rhinoderma darwinii) ayns y Çhillee, t’ee cur ny rannagyn aegey stiagh ‘sy poagey coraagh eck. Y rannag volg-ghuirragh Austrailagh (Rheobatrachus), t’ee sluggey ny rannagyn aegey eck, as t’ad gaase sthie y volg eck. Son shen y yannoo, ta’n rannag scuirr taaley geayr ghailley as scuirr gluggal gailley. S’cosoylagh dy vel y rannag shoh anvio nish.
Yllagh
Kuse dy eamyn rannag, t’ad cho tharmaneagh, nod oo ad nyn clashtyn meilley ersooyl. Ta eam er lheh ec dagh dooie. T’ad gyllagh liorish aer y chur trooid ny goolag oc. Dy mennick, ta poagey coraagh oc: far-chrackan fo y scoarnagh, ny er uillin y veill, ta sheeyney magh traa t’ad gyllagh. Dooieyn elley, ta shamyr aavuilley oc son dy vooadaghey yn eam oc. Dooieyn gyn eam tharmaneagh, t’ad cummal faggys da awinyn son y chooid smoo, as y sheean jeu follaghtyn eam erbee.
Son y chooid smoo, ta rannagyn gyllagh son dy chleayney ven. Ta fir gyllagh ny lomarcan ny ayns possan. Mraane ayns kuse dy ghooie, t’ad gyllagh erash. Ta eam seyrey jeant ec rannag firrinagh my ta fer elley geabbey dy ghrappal. Ymmodee dooieyn grianchryssagh, ta eam fliaghey oc as ad gyllagh roish t’eh ceau fliaghey. Ta eam çheeragh ec kuse dy ghooie chammah, son dy imman ergooyl fir elley. Ooilley ny h-eamyn shoh, t’ad goll er jannoo liorish beeal doont.
Rheam as stayd freayltys
thumb|left|(Ollotis periglenes) – er ny fakin ny sjerree ayns 1989
Ta rannagyn cummal harrish y teihll, faggys, agh cha nel ad cummal ayns yn Antarctagh ny ayns ymmodee ellanyn ny marrey.
Ta’n chooid smoo jeh rannagyn ry-akin ayns buill grianchryssagh, raad ta ushtey ry-gheddyn dy aashagh. Ta kuse dy rannagyn cummal ayns ardjyn çhirrym, raad nagh vel monney ushtey ry-gheddyn; ta feme oc er troyn er lheh son bea. Ta’n kynney Austrailagh Cyclorana as y kynney Americaanagh Pternohyla goanluckey ad hene fo-halloo, cur cocoon jeen mygeayrt y moo, as cadley fud ny h-earishyn çhirrym. Tra vees eh ceau fliaghey, bee ad çheet magh feddyn loghan shallidagh, as geddyn sliught. Ta aase ny h-oohyn feer tappee cosoylaghey rish rannagyn elley, as er y fa shen bee ad aasit dy liooar roish ta’n ushtey caillt oc. Rannagyn elley, t’ad er gormal rish çhymyllaght feayr. Myr sampleyr, y rannag villagh ayns twoaie Chryss yn Arctagh, t’ee goanluckey ee hene fo-halloo car y gheuree, as cooid mooar jeh’n chorp eck riojey.
Ta shymley mooar jannoo er rannagyn. T’ad credjal dy vel gaue baase er ny smoo na treen jeh ny dooieyn t’ayn, as dy vel ny smoo na 120 dooie er ngeddyn baase neayr’s ny 1980yn. Ta ny dooieyn shoh goaill stiagh y rannag airhey ayns Costa Rica as yn rannag volg-ghuirragh ayns yn Austrail. Ta caill oayllys fa mooar son shen, chammah as sollaghey, caghlaa speyr, cragheyderyn neughooghyssagh, as çhingyssyn noa, goaill stiagh chytridiomycosis. Ta ymmodee bea-oayllee credjal dy vel daa-veaghee nyn nooieyn cowrey mie bentyn rish slaynt y corys-vea, er coontey dy vel ad meanagh ‘syn eggey bee, dy vel crackan neuyeenagh oc, as dy vel bea jeh daa cheim oc (laarvey ‘syn ushtey as rannag aasit er y thalloo). Rere’n fys t’ayn, ta’n shymley jannoo ny smoo er dooieyn ta croghey er yn ushtey dy trome (ooh as laarvey ushtagh oc). Adsyn ta gaase stiagh ‘syn voir, t’ad tannaghtyn ny share. .
Rere studeyryn Canaadagh ayns 2006, ta traaght mooar ny ghaue mooar da rannagyn.
Ny keayrtyn, ta eabyn sheelraghey fo cappeeys er jeet lhieu, as shen cur cooney da rannagyn feie. Ayns Mee ny Boaldyn 2007, hie eh er soilshaghey magh dy nod oo cur coadey da daa-veaghee noi chytridiomycosis liorish cur daue bacteyryn beaghee er lheh.
She Blein y Rannag 2008, son tastey y chur er y chooish freayll t’ec rannagyn.
Aafilley
thumb|right|Rannag fosslit veih’n [[Yn Phobblaght Çheck|Phobblaght Çheck, Palaeobatrachus gigas, foddee.]]
Derrey hooar ad Gerobatrachus hottoni, fossyl rannagagh as troyn lossagagh echey, she Triadobatrachus massinoti va’n proto-rannag shinney as fys er. Va Triadobatrachus massinoti bio ‘syn Eash Triassagh, ayns Madagascar. Va claigin rannaghagh echey, agh ny smoo vertebraghyn chammah, as adsyn ‘sy famman, cha ad row colheit. Ec rannag yeianagh, ta vertebraghyn y famman colheit as ad jannoo yn gimmijey. Cha nel craueyn ny lurgey colheit noadyr, as er y fa shen, s’cosoylagh nagh row Triadobatrachus ny lheimmeyder fondagh. Y feer rannag sleaie, shen Vieraella herbsti, as ee bio ‘syn Eash Jurassagh – mysh 213 millioon bleeantyn er-dy-henney. Cha nel fys ayn agh er unnane sampleyr j’ee; t’ad gra dy row eh mysh 33mm er lhiurid. Va Notobatrachus degiustoi ny rannag y Yurassagh veanagh, mysh 170 millioon bleeantyn er-dy-henney. S’cosoylagh dy row aafilley Anura jeianagh jeant roish jerrey yn Eash Jurassagh. Y caghlaaghyn mooar jeant eck, she girraghey y corp as coayl y famman ad.
Y clane rannag fossylagh t’ayn, she sanyanlichan ee. Va’n rannag shoh bio 125 millioon bleeantyn er-dy-henney. Va troyn rannag yeianagh eck, ga dy row 9 vertebraghyn roie-sacral eck. Cha nel agh 8 ec y rannag yeianagh.
Rannagyn as deiney
Ta kuse dy ymmydyn jeant jeh rannagyn. Ayns muse dy vuill, t’ad nyn mee; myr sampleyr, ayns y Çheen, y Rank, y Ghreag hwoaie, as buill ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Ny keayrtyn, ta sleih jannoo ymmyd jeh rannagyn son dy ynsaghey corp-yiarrey.
John Doman
She aghteyr Americaanagh eh John Doman (ruggit er 9 Jerrey Geuree 1945) ta mie er enney son cloie Ard-oaseir Poleen Steat Maryland, Lhiass-varrantagh Poleen, as Meoir William Rawls er y straih The Wire (2002–2008) liorish HBO, Curnal Edward Galson er Oz (2001), Dr. Deraad er ER (1999–2003), Rodrigo Borgia er y straih hellveeish eddyrashoonagh Borgia (2011–2014), Don Carmine Falcone 'sy chlaare Gotham (2014–2017) liorish Fox, as Bruce Buttler ayns The Affair (2014–2019).
Diana Wynne Jones
Va Diana Wynne Jones (16 Luanistyn 1934–26 Mayrnt 2011) ny screeudeyr Goaldagh. Screeu ee noaskeealyn sheiltynys da paitçhyn as sleih aasit, chammah as beggan neu-far-skeeal. Ny h-obbraghyn eck mie er fys, t’ad goaill stiagh yn straih Chrestomanci as ny noaskeealyn Howl’s Moving Castle as Dark Lord of Derkholm. Hooar ee baase er 26 Mee Vayrnt 2011 liorish kanghyr scowanagh.
Bea-skeeal
Rug Jones ayns Lunnin er 16oo Mee Luanistyn 1934. She inneen Marjorie (née Jackson) Jones as Richard Aneurin Jones v'ayn, as y jees oc nyn sleih ynsee. Tra va caggey er ny soilshaghey magh, beggan lurg y wheigoo laa-ruggyree eck, v’ee goaill magh dys Bretin. Lurg shen ren ee arraghey ymmodee keayrtyn, goaill stiagh tannaghtyn ayns Coniston Water, York, as Lunnin reesht. Ayns 1943 ren y lught-thie soiaghey ayns Thaxted, Essex, raad va’n ayr as voir eck reaghey boayl co-choyrle ynsee. Car ny lambaanid oc, va Jones as ny daa shuyr eck, Isobel (as ish haink y ve Olloo Isobel Armstrong, cremeyder lettyraght) as Ursula, er nyn lhiggey da nyn goyrle hene.
Lurg faagail y Friends School Saffron Walden, ren ee studeyrys er y Vaarle ec Colleish Anne Noo (St. Anne’s College]] ayns Aah yn Ollee, goaill leaghtyn liorish C. S. Lewis as J. R. R. Tolkien roish geddyn keim ayns 1956. Ayns yn vlein cheddin, phoos ee John Burrow, scoillar lettyraght mean-eashagh.  Ta tree mec oc: Richard, Michael as Colin.  Ren ad cummal ayns Lunnin rish tammylt beg, agh ayns 1957 hie ad erash dys Aah yn Ollee.  Ayns 1976 ren ad arraghey dys Bristol.
Ta sleih cosoylaghey lioaryn Harry Potter rish obbraghyn Ghiana Wynne Jones dy mennick. Va ram jeh ny lioaryn paitçhyn leah ass clou dy jeianagh, agh t’ad er nyn aa-chlou da’n lhaihderyn aegey as anaase oc er sheiltynys as lhaih er coontey jeh Harry Potter. Olt 'sy Guardian er Diana Wynne Jones, cosoylaghey ny skeealyn eck rish Harry Potter
Ta obbraghyn Yones goll er cosoylaghey myrgeddin rish adsyn liorish Robin McKinley as Neil Gaiman. T’ee ny carrey Ghaiman, as s’mie lhieu obbyr y cheilley. Ren ee enmys yn noaskeeal Hexwood da erreish da gra red ennagh ayns coloayrtys as hug eh ard-smooinaght jee er rheynn femoil jeh'n skeeal. Va Gaiman hannah er enmys y myn-straih lioaryn caslyssagh ayns kiare rheynnyn 1991 The Books of Magic da kiare mraane-obbeeys, as Jones ny ven jeu.
Kied lioar y straih Chrestomanci, Charmed Life, chossyn eh y Guardian Award 1977 da Lioaryn Paitçhyn. Va Jones ny faggys-cosneyder da'n Carnegie Medal daa cheayrt. Ayns 1999, chossyn ee daa aundyryn mooar sheiltynys: ronney paitçhyn y Mythopoeic Awards ayns ny SUA, as y Karl Edward Wagner Award 'sy RU. Ta'n aundyr shoh liorish y British Fantasy Society, as t'eh goll er cur da sleih ny sheshaghtyn t'er jannoo shirveish vooar da sheiltynys.
Hie Howl's Moving Castle, va fillym bio-chaslyssagh Shapaanagh jeant jeh ayns 2004, liorish yn 'illymeyr Hayao Miyazaki. Va lhieggan as Baarle er soilshit magh ayns yn RU as ny SUA ayns 2005, as Christian Bale lhiah coraa Howl. Va Archer's Goon caghlaait da'n çhellveeish ayns 1992.
Ta mooinjer-eiyrtyssee cultagh ec The Tough Guide To Fantasyland, far-chicklipaid er clichéghyn ayns far-skeeal sheiltynagh, myr lioar chur sheese mastey screeudeyryn as cremeyderyn, ga dy row eh dooillee feddyn eh er coontey shennaghys clou corragh. Hie eh er aa-chur magh 'sy RU er y gherrid, as ayns ny SUA liorish Firebird Books. Ta tooilley stoo as kiaddey slane noa ec y chur magh Firebird, goaill stiagh caslys-çheer noa.
Ayns Jerrey Souree 2006 va D.Litt onnoragh currit jee liorish Ollooscooill Vristol.
Tethys (eayst)
Ta Tethys (Greagish: Τηθύς) ny eayst ta cruinlaghey y planaid Sarn feddynit magh ec Giovanni Domenico Cassini 'sy vlein 1684.
Diana Wynne Jones
Straih Chrestomanci
Rere fosley ny skeealyn hene:
Rolley corpaneyn tessen-Neptioonagh
Shoh rolley neuchreaghnit corpaneyn harrish-Neptuneagh (TNO) earrooit, rere date feddyn magh.
Tethys (eayst)
Eaystyn Troyagh
Ta ny h-eaystyn Telesto as Calypso soit çheusthie dy ny poyntyn Lagrange L4 as L5 60 keimyn er y chione as ny yei Tethys as çheusthie y chruinlee.
Rolley corpaneyn tessen-Neptioonagh
''Cur lesh y rolley my sailliu. Va eh currit seose gys date er 13 Mean Souree 2008 trooid MP#184314.''
Diana Wynne Jones
Lhaih ny Lioaryn
Ta Diana Wynne Jones ee hene coyrlaghey lhaih Charmed Life hoshiaght, as lurg shen The Lives of Christopher Chant. Eisht foddee shiu lhiah Conrad's Fate, Witch Week, The Magicians of Caprona as ny skeealyn giare rere coyrle erbee eu hene. Ta taghyrtyn The Pinhoe Egg giare ny yei Charmed Life.
Ta’n straih Chronicles of Chrestomanci goaill stiagh tree ym-lioaryn: Charmed Life as The Lives of Christopher Chant ayns Lioar 1, Witch Week as The Magicians of Caprona ayns Lioar 2, as ta Volume 3 myr Mixed Magics as ennym elley echey.
Dalemark Quartet
Rere fosley ny skeealyn hene:
Mooinjer Veggey
Va Mooinjer Veggey currit er bun myr sheshaght er-lheh dy chummal seose lhiasaghey ny Gaelgey as ta mooarane jeh greesaghey as bree yn çheshaght çheet veih’n ’raue Ghaelgagh shoh. Va Mooinjer Veggey currit er bun ayns 1996 as t’ee er ve speeideilagh neayr’s shen cur y Ghaelg er hoshiaght as streeu dy jeadagh. Ta'n çheshaght stiurey yn Vunscoill Ghaelgagh ayns Balley Keeill Eoin fo conaant veih'n Rheynn Ynsee as Paitçhyn.
Rannag
Rannagyn as deiney
Ta rannagyn er ve nyn sampleyryn scanshoil fud shennaghys oaylleeaght. Hooar magh Luigi Galvani y kiangley eddyr lectraght as y corys nearag liorish studeyrys er rannagyn. (Xenopus laevis), y rannag inginagh Affrickagh, ren ad ymmyd j’ee son prowal torraghys anmagh ‘sy 20oo eash. Ayns 1952, ren Robert Briggs as Thomas J. King dooblaghey rannag liorish arraghey çheshvean chillag somatagh. Shen y chied keayrt dy row peiagh erbee er nyannoo arraghey çheshveanagh ayns metazoa.
Mooinjer Veggey
Kiangley mooie
Mooinjer veggey
Rannag
Rannagyn as cultoor
thumb|right|Rannag Moche, 200 B.N.J. ayns [[Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera|Çhaglym Hie Tashtee Larco, Lima, Yn Pheroo.]]
Ta rannagyn ry-akin dy mennick ayns far-skeealyn, beeal-arrish as cultoor cadjin. Ta sampleyryn goaill stiagh Y Prinse Rannag, as Kermit the Frog. “Skeeal y Prinse Rannag”, she far-skeeal mychione rannag eh, as erreish da goaill paag, t’eh caghlaa dys prinse braew. “Kermit the Frog”, she karracteyr eh er The Muppet Show as Sesame Street, as eh feer scruppylagh. Ga dy vel eh caarjoil as schleioil, t’eh ry-akin dy mennick as eh jonsey, er coontey ymmyrkey ro-ghaaney ny karracteyryn smoo ymmodee-taishbynagh.
Y sleih Moche ayns y Çhenn Pheroo, v’ad cur ooashley da beiyn, as ta ymmodee rannagyn ry-akin ‘syn elley v’oc.
Yn Ocsitaan
right|thumb|Lhieggan y vrattagh ta goll er ymmyd liorish immeeaghtee Ocsitaanagh dy mennick. right|thumb|Caslys-çheerey çhengoaylleeagh yn Ocsitaan. Ta'n Ocsitaan (Occitània, ), ny lo País d'Òc ("Y Çheer Oc") çheet er yn ard shenndeeagh 'syn Oarpey Yiass raad va'n Ocsitaanish goll er loayrt myr preeu-hengey as raad t'ee foast goll er loayrt myr myn-hengey as myr nah hengey. Ta'n ard cultooragh shen coodaghey yn lieh yiassagh jeh'n Rank, myrane lesh Monaco as ayrnyn beggey jeh'n Iddaal (Glionteeyn Ocsitaanagh, Guardia Piemontese) as jeh'n Spaainey (Glion Aran).
Penny Arcade (caslys-skeeal eddyr-voggyl)
She caslys-skeeal eddyr-voggyl eh Penny Arcade, ayns cummey scheim aitt dy hree kerrinyn, son y chooid smoo. Ghow eh toshiaght ayns 1998, er yn ynnyd-eggey loonygames. Ta ynnyd-eggey nyn hene ec Holkins as Krahulik nish, as scheim noa jeant oc tree keayrtyn y çhiaghtin, son y chooid smoo. Ta blog ec yn ynnyd-eggey myrgeddin, as raaghyn noa er dy mennick.
Ta Penny Arcade mastey ny caslys-skeealyn eddyr-voggyl smoo t'ayn, mastey adsyn bentyn da cloieyn er lheh. Chammah's y scheim aitt, ta Penny Arcade reaghey Child's Play, ny sheshaght ghiastyllagh, as cruinnaght chloie vleinoil ("PAX").
Aundyryn
Ayns Mee Vayrnt 2009, chossyn Penny Arcade Best Webcomic (Caslys-skeeal Eddyr-voggyl Share) ayns ny Project Fanboy Awards 2008.
Ayns Mee Vayrnt 2009, ghow Holkins as Krahulik aundyryn oikoil jeh'n Washington State House of Representatives as Washington State Senate, er coontey nyn gohortysyn dys yn çhynskyl co-earrooder as gamman co-earrooder, as nyn obbyr giastyllagh.
Rooshish
Cosoylaghtyn eddyr y Velarooshish, y Rooshish as y Pholynnish
Gaelg: "Hello, Kys t'ou?":
Pairk Bee Vannin
She ynnyd obbree as aarlee bee ec Close Raad y Wyllin ayns Purt ny h-Inshey eh Pairk Bee Vannin.
Rooshish
Cosoylaghtyn eddyr y Velarooshish, y Rooshish as y Pholynnish
Gaelg: "Ta - Cha nel"
Pairk Bee Vannin
Ta shalee aavioghee tree-cheimagh ayn, fo stiurey y Rheynn Lhiasaghey Tarmaynagh as Rheynn Çhymmyltaght, Bee as Eirinys. Ren Flah Vretin as Bendiuic roostey leac ec toshiaght ny shalee ayns Averil 2012. Ta costys mysh £3m rish 5 bleeantyn ec yn çhalee.
Rooshish
Cosoylaghtyn eddyr y Velarooshish, y Rooshish as y Pholynnish
Gaelg: "Gura mie ayd"
Gaelg: "Yindyssagh!"
Pairk Bee Vannin
'Sy chied cheim, ayns 2012, hrog ad cleigh-shickyrys as giatyn noa, as daachroo ad yn ynnyd-pumpal myr thie seyraadjagh. Hug Tinvaal £365,000 er son yn obbyr. Ta'n nah cheim bentyn rish shareaghey bun-troggalys as shirveishyn, as troggal thieyn-jantys noa, ry-chooilleeney roish jerrey 2013. Ta treoo cheim ry-heet croghey er troggal ny smoo thieyn-jantys ayns 2014. Er lhieu dy vees 150 staartaghyn ry-gheddyn ass yn obbyr. T'ad jerkal rish ny colughtyn-dellal hene argid y chur er son y cheim.
Va accanyn ayn, goaill stiagh barel Barrantagh Phurt ny h-Inshey, nagh row y chied cheim troggit dy kiart, as dy beagh ad jummal argid keesh bentyn rish reagheydys ny shalee.
Cabbash varrey
Ta'n ennym cabbash hraie çheet er daa ghooie yn-ee:
Scannane
right|thumb|Clowan voish [[Roundhay Garden Scene, y scannane shinney ta foast er mayrn va jeant liorish camerey jallooyn roie, liorish Louis Le Prince, 1888]] Scannane ny fillym ny jalloo roie, she sorçh obbyr jeh'n ellyn reayrtagh ta lhiggey da ennaghtyn as ta ginsh smooinaghtyn, skeealyn, tastidyn, anveayn, ny aalid liorish ymmyd jallooyn roie. Dy mennick, ta sheean, as ny s'anvenkey greinnaghyn elley, goll rish ny jallooyn roie shen.
Donald Pleasence
She aghteyr scannane, çhellveeish as ardan Sostynagh va Donald Henry Pleasence (5 Jerrey Fouyir 1919 — 2 Toshiaght Arree 1995).
Natalie Portman
Ta Natalie Portman (ruggit myr Natalie Herschlag ayns Jerusalem, 9 Mean Souree, 1981) ny ben-chloieder fillym Israelagh-Americaanagh.
Lunnin
Ta Lunnin ny caayr ghowanagh leeideilagh, as yn ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh York Noa,  as t'ee ny caayr smoo rere TLS 'syn Oarpey. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh ny 100 ard-cholughtyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit soit ayns Lunnin Veanagh as ta ny smoo na 100 jeh ny 500 colughtyn smoo 'syn Oarpey soit ayn chammah. Ta'n cleaney as ny cummaghtyn ec Lunnin ayns ny h-ellynyn, 'syn ynsagh, 'syn eunyserys, 'sy fassan, 'syn argidys, ayns currym slaynt, 'syn ym-ysseraght, 'sy pholitickaght, ayns shirveishyn gerrymoil, 'sy spoyrt, 'sy turrysid, 'syn arraghey as 'sy chultoor cur lesh e soiaghey dowanagh. Ta ny smoo turryssee goll gys Lunnin na gys un chaayr elley er y theihll. Haghyr Cloiaghyn Olympagh Souree ayns Lunnin ayns ny bleeantyn 1908 as 1948, as t'ad çheet er ash gys Lunnin 'sy vlein 2012. Ta kiare Buill Eiraght Dowanagh ayns Lunnin: Toor Lunnin; Ny Garaghyn Luss-oaylleeagh Reeoil, Kew; yn ynnyd ta goaill stiagh Plaase ny Mannishter Heear, Mannisher ny Mannishter Heear as Agglish Noo Margaid; as y balley beg shenndeeagh Greenwich (raad ta'n Thie Rollageydys Reeoil cowraghey Linney Vunlaa Ghreenwich (0° dowan-liurid) as GMT).
Ta reayn lheeadagh dy phobbylyn, dy chultooryn as dy chraueeaghtyn ayns Lunnin, as ta ny smoo na 300 çhengaghyn ry-chlashtyn çheusthie jeh ny joaraghyn eck. Ayns Mee Yerrey Souree ny bleeaney 2007 va 7,556,900 cummaltee, dy h-oikoil, çheusthie jeh joaraghyn Lunnin Vooar, as yn earroo shen cur lhee myr y valjaght smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'syn Unnaneys Oarpagh. <!--The Greater London Urban Area (the second largest in the EU) has a population of 8,278,251. while the metropolitan area (the largest in the EU) has an estimated total population of between 12 million and 14 million. The London Underground network, administered by Transport for London, is the oldest underground railway network in the world and the most extensive after the Shanghai Metro. London Heathrow Airport is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers and the airspace is the busiest of any urban centre in the world. -->
Çhengaghyn Celtiagh
She kynney çhengey ad ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh, nyn manglane jeh'n chynney çhengey Ind-Oarpagh. Hug Edward Lhuyd yn ennym Celtiagh orroo ayns 1707, rere ymmyd screeudeyryn Greagagh as Raueagh bentyn rish eggyssyn ayns Goal veanagh. Rish yn chied villey bleeaney RJC, v'ad ry-chlashtyn er fud yn Oarpey, eddyr Baie ny Biscaayn as Mooir Hostyn, rish y Rhine as yn Danube, yn Vooir Ghoo, ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh, as yn Aishey Veg. Nish, ta rheam beg oc; cha nel ad ry-chlashtyn agh ayns buill scarrit 'sy Vretyn Vooar, ayns Mannin, ayns Nerin, ayns Nalbin Noa, 'sy Phatagoan as 'sy Vritaan. Ren ny çhengaghyn skeaylley dys Nalbin Noa as y Phatagoan 'syn eash yeianagh. Ta ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh nyn myn-hengaghyn ayns dy chooilley voayl.
Boulvriag
Ta Boulvriag (Bourbriac, Galloish: Bólbriac) ny chommyoon 'sy département Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank.
Ta'n ennym Frangish Briacins currit er cummaltee yn valley.
Ysbal I y Chashteel
Va Ysbal I ny Cashteel (Spaainish: Isabel I) (Madrigal de las Altas Torres, Ávila, 22 Averil, 1451 – 26 Sauin, 1504 ayns Medina del Campo, Valladolid) ny benrein er y Chashteel as León.
Richard Griffiths
By aghteyr ardan, scannane as çhellveeish eh Richard Griffiths (31 Jerrey Souree 1947 — 28 Mayrnt 2013).
Lost (straih hellveeish)
She straih hellveeish drama Americaanagh eh Lost. Hie eh er ny scaalheaney er ABC voish 22 Mean Fouyir 2004 derrey 23 Boaldyn 2010 feie shey straihyn, goaill stiagh 121 episode. Ta'n straih goaill stiagh elementyn jeh'n erskyn-dooghys as jeh'n far-skeealaght heanse, as t'ee geiyrt er possan mayrnee ass etlan traghtee ta etlagh eddyr Sydney as Los Angeles, erreish da'n etlan tuittym er ellan druiaghtagh boayl ennagh 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh Yiass.
Everton F.C.
Ta Everton ny chlub sockyr Sostynagh. Va'n club bunnit 'sy vlein 1878 myr St. Domingo's F.C.. Ec y traa t'ayn, she David Moyes y reireyder.
Bretnish
She çhengey Vrythonagh Cheltiagh ee yn Vretnish (Cymraeg ny y Gymraeg), ayns y chynney çhengey Ind-Oarpagh. She çhengey ghooghyssagh Vretin t'ayn, as ard-hengey Vretin derrey toshiaght y 20oo eash. T'ee ry-chlastyn chammah ec cochiangle Vretin as Sostyn, as ayns Chubut 'syn Argenteen. Ta Bretneyryn er feie ny cruinney er coontey arraghey magh, ayns Bretin Vooar, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, y Chanadey as y Teelynn Noa er lheh. Cha nel ee ro-ghoan myr monney çhengaghyn Cheltiagh; t'ee loayrit ec 21-25% jeh'n sleih Bretnagh, as ec mysh 90% jeh'n sleih ta cummal ayns buill myr Caernarfon ayns Bretin Heear Hwoaie. Ta paitçhyn dy ynsaghey eddyr 5 as 16 bleeantyn d'eash, as ta ymmodee scoillyn Bretnish ayn.
Celtiee as Romanee
Cha nel sleih shickyr er cuin haink ny Celtiee as y çhengey oc dys Bretin Vooar. Cha row cowraghyn grainnit currit er claghyn cooinaghtyn ec y tra shoh, magh voish screeuyn ny Pictee.
Ta sheiltynyssyn ayn gra dy daink ad tra erbee eddyr 2000 RC as 700 RC. Rere'n eie smoo cadjin ec y traa t'ayn, haink cultoor as çhengey Cheltiagh erreish da'n 'leih hene, liorish dellal 'syn Eash Ooha. Foddee dy row ad jannoo ymmyd jeh çhengey Cheltish ennagh myr lingua franca.
Cha nel monney cowrey jeh çhengaghyn roie-Cheltiagh faagit 'sy Vretnish. S'goan ny focklyn roie-Cheltiagh ta ry-akin, er lhimmey jeh beggan beg ayns enmyn buill. Er lesh kuse dy 'leih dy vel ceaghlaghyn ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh nyn vooillee çhengaghyn roie-Cheltiagh, agh cha nel feanish er shen ain.
Ta fys ain dy nee abbyrtyn Brythonagh goll er loayrt er feie Bretin Vooar tra haink ny Romanee 'sy chied eash. Va caghlaaghyn mooarey kyndagh rish shen. Shimmey peiagh va daa-hengagh ayns Bretnish as Ladjyn, ayns Sostyn Yiass er lheh. Va Ladjyn ny çhengey ynsaghey, as Bretnish ny çhengey chadjin. Hie ymmodee focklyn er eeassaghey ass y Ladjyn, agh cha row yn eiyrtys shoh cho lajer as eiyrtys Ladjyn er ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh Mooarheeragh. Tra darree ny Romanee magh ass Bretin Vooar, ren Ladjyn skellal roish maroo myr çhengey loayrit, ga dy hannee ish myr çhengey screeut.
Ec y tra cheddin, va Brythonish caghlaa. Va çhengey mooar elley (Ladjyn) ayn maree, as va cummaght eck er Brythonish. Ayns yn eash shoh, haink Creestiaght dys Bretin Vooar, as ren ee faase pooar y çhenn credjeu; va ny saggyrtyn nyn vir coadee shaghadey Brethonagh, goaill stiagh y çhengey hene, as myr shen ren ee faase y çhengey myrgeddin. Rish tannaghtyn ny Romanee ayns Bretin, ren shenn troggalyn ny Bretnish fioghey as troggalyn elley çheet rish ‘syn ynnyd oc, troggalyn ta cowreydagh ec y Vretnish.
Caghlaa Vrythonish dys Bretnish
Er y fa nagh row Brythonish ny çhengey screeut, cha nel feanish jeeragh oc j’ee.
Dy lhean, ta çhengoayllee credjal dy ren ennymocklyn as marenmyn ny Bretnish coayl ny jerraghyn as cummaghyn cassidagh, gienneydagh as toyrtagh oc, as adsyn cowreydagh ec çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh heear yn eash v’ayn. Ec y Vrythonagh, va cummaghyn unnaneagh, daagh as yl-rey. Cha nel y cummey daagh ayn nish agh ayns cooishyn myr dwylo (daa laue, dy ghra myr shen, laueyn pheiagh ennagh). Va keintyssyn firrinagh, bwoirrinagh as naeear eck, agh hie y cummey naeear er coayl rish shymley ny çhengey. Daase jerraghyn noa ny caghlaaghyn breeocklagh ayns fraue y fockle son dy eddyrscarrey cummaghyn unnaneagh as yl-rey, myr sampleyr bardd/beirdd (bard/bardyn). Haghyr ymmodee caghlaaghyn co-heeanagh, as ta ceaghlaghyn ry-hoiggal myr y lheid, foddee.
Er coontey laccal feanish screeut, cha nod shin gra dy shickyr tra'n caghlaa jeh Brythonish dys Bretnish jeant. Y cowrey grainnit shinney t'er mayrn, v'eh jeant ayns 700 RC. She clagh cooinaghtyn t'ayn, as eshyn ayns keeill Tywyn nish, ayns Gwynedd. T'eh jeeaghyn dy ghow toshiaght eash Vretnish Leah ayns y 6-oo eash.
Bretnish Leah
left|thumb|150px|Screeuyn grainnit Bretnish jeh’n 8oo eash, ayns Eglwys Sant Cadfan, [[Tywyn.]] T’ad cur "eash Vretnish Leah" er yn eash eddyr toshiaght ny Bretnish ’sy 6-oo eash, as jerrey y 8-oo eash. Cha nel agh beggan beg screeuyn grainnit er mayrn jeh’n eash shoh. T’ad goaill stiagh obbyr Beda, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, (Shennaghys Agglishagh ny Sostnee) screeut ec toshiaght y 8oo eash. Ny screeuyn laue-screeuit s'leaie t'er mayrn, as adsyn ass Llyfr Sant Chad, t'ad goll er tashtey ayns ard-çhiamble Caerlwytgoed (Lichfield). She docamad leaghagh t'ayn, as ad cur er recortys surexit er coontey kied 'ockle y ghocamad. V'eh aascreeut ec jerrey yn 8oo eash jeh docamad y 6oo eash. Shen bun y veggan beg fys t'ain er Bretnish Leah.
Shenn Vretnish
T'ad cur eash Henn Vretnish er yn eash eddyr y 9oo as 11oo cheeadyn. Ta feanish er mayrn jeh'n eash shoh, goaill stiagh nodyn Bretnish er docamadyn 'sy Ladjyn. Kuse dy screeuyn jeh'n 12oo eash as ny yei, t'ad nyn goipyn jeh screeuyn ny s'leaie, ny recortyssyn jeh beeal-arrish ny s'leaie, m.s., Llyfr Llandaf, yn Annales Cambriae, as obbraghyn ny Cynfeirdd.
Platypus
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), she sheeintagh ushtagh dooghyssagh ec yn Austrail hiar eh, goaill stiagh yn Tasmaan. Chammah as ny kiare dooieyn echidna, t'eh mastey ny queig dooieyn untowlagh t'er mayrn. T'adsyn nyn sheeintee ta breh oohyn ayns ynnyd jeh ymmyrkey sheel bea. She'n unnane olteyr er mayrn jeh'n chynney (Ornithorhynchidae) as genus (Ornithorhynchus) echey, ga dy vel fossylyn ayn jeh ymmodee dooieyn untowlagh elley.
Bretnish
Shenn Vretnish
Ta ny screeuyn shoh cur feanish er Bretnish yn eash shen. S'neuchronnal eh foast y feanish shen, dy ghra myr shen, cha s'ain dy nee sheeanyn ny Bretnish t'er gaghlaa t'er screeut orroosyn. T'eh orrin ve thortagh lesh jannoo briwnyssyn er bun ny screeuyn goaney shoh.
Platypus
Ta cummey quaagh er y sheeintagh oohyn-breyagh, nieunagh, kione-thunnagh, dooarchoo-fammanagh, moddey-ushtey-chassagh, as hug eh yindys er najooree Europeagh tra hooar ad eh. Va kuse jeh credjal dy nee molteyrys cramp v'ayn. T'eh mastey y beggan beg sheeintee nieunagh; ta spuir nieunagh er cass s'jerree y platypus firrinagh, as foddee eh cur guin trome er deiney. Cummey gyn cosoylagh y phlatypus, t’ad cur er ve ny vun studeyrys scanshoil ayns bea-oaylleeaght aafillee, as ny chowrey yn Austrail mie er enney. T'eh ny rhusag ec cruinnaghtyn ashoonagh, as t'eh ry-akin er argid yn Austrail.
Bretnish
Stayd
thumb|right|Fogrey straid daa-hengagh ayns Bretin
Platypus
Derrey leah 'sy 20oo eash, hie eh er shelg son y sheh echey, agh nish ta coadey ersyn er feie y rheam echey. Ga nagh vel eabyn sheelraghey fo cappeeys çheet lhieu dy feer, cha nel eh ayns gaue çhelleeragh.
Bretnish
Stayd
Rere sleih-earroo 2001, va Bretnish ennagh goll er loayrt ec 582 400 peiagh (20.8% jeh'n phobble), as goll er loayrt, screeu as lhaih ec 457 946 (16.3%). Ayns 1991, cha row ee agh ec 508 100 (18.7%) jeu.
Rere ronsaght 2004 y Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg, ta 611 000 Bretneyryn ayns Bretin, as ta 62% jeu dy loayrt dagh laa (ny 88% jeusyn as Bretnish flaaoil oc).
Rere'n Arolwg Defnydd Iaith 2004, ta 21.7% jeh pobble Vretin nyn Mretneyryn (as 57% jeusyn flaaoil). Shen mooadaghey veih 20.5% 'sy United Kingdom Census 2001, as 18.5% ayns 1991. Rere'n sleih-earroo 2001, ruggyr mysh 25% y phobble çheumooie jeh Bretin. Cha nel monney fys ayn mychione Bretneyryn ayns Bretin Vooar. Ayns 1993, hoilshee magh S4C fysseree jeh ronsaght er y Vretnish v'ec sleih, as rere shen va mysh 133,000 Bretneyryn ayns Sostyn, 50,000 jeu ayns Lunnin as y creeagh Bretnagh.
Ayns ny shenn laghyn, cha row agh Bretnish ec ymmodee Bretneyr, agh ta'n lheid feer ghoan nish. Ta Baarle ec dy chooilley Bretneyr, faggys, ny Spaainish ec adsyn ayns Yn Argenteen.
Çhengaghyn Romanagh
She fo-chrouw jeh ny çhengaghyn Iddaalagh, çheusthie jeh'n chynney çhengey Ind-Oarpagh, ad ny çhengaghyn Romanagh ny ny çhengaghyn Ladjynagh. Dirree ad magh ass y Ladjyn Heayagh eddyr y 6oo as y 9oo eash BNJ. Jiu, ta ny smoo na 800 millioon dy loayreyderyn, as y chooid smoo jeu cummal 'syn Oarpey as ayns mooar-rheynn America.
Bretnish
Fockle-hasht
Ta cooid mooar jeh fockle-hasht Vretnish jeant jeh focklyn Vrythonish (ŵy "ooh", carreg "clagh") as Ladjyn (ffenest "uinnag" (Ladjyn fenestra), gwin "feeyn" (Ladjyn vinum) as Baarle (sicr "shickyr" (Mean Baarle siker), fideo "çhellveeishagh")
Screeu
Ta Bretnish goll er screeu ayns abbyrlhit gollrish yn abbyrlhit Romanagh, as 28 lettyryn echey. Dy mennick, t'ad cur stiagh "j" 'syn abbyrlhit, er y fa dy vel ymmyd jeant jeh ayns ymmodee eeasaghtyn, goaill stiagh yn ennym cadjin "Jones". Ta "k", "q", "v", "x" as "z" ry-akin ayns shiartanse dy 'ocklyn çhaghteragh, agh myr t'eh 'sy Ghaelg, ta lettraghey "Bretnish" elley oc chammah: kilogram > cilogram ; zero > sero. Derrey'n 16oo eash, va "k" ayns yn abbyrlhit chammah, agh tra v'ad soilshaghey magh Yn Conaant Noa 'sy Vretnish, ren ad scryssey magh eh, myr dooyrt William Salesbury: "C ayns ynnyd jeh K, er y fa nagh vel wheesh ec ny clouderyn as ta feme orroo oc son y Vretnish."
Mae shiartanse dy scarreydee ec y Vretnish:
Ayns screeuyn cadjin, dy mennick nagh bee ad screeu scarreydee agh y sheeanane liauyr.