cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Bréifne Thiar
Truce of 1597–1598
O’Rourke’s fourteen demands, all of which were granted by Queen Elizabeth, included the stationing of English soldiers in his territory under his control to protect him from O’Neill and O’Donnell, a pardon for him and all his followers, a guarantee that he could not be charged or arrested by anyone, except on the orders of the Queen herself, and assurance that he would be given a pension to live on should O’Donnell or O’Neill seize his lands in retaliation. For his part, O’Rourke was tasked with delivering pledges of loyalty to the crown from all the major clans of West Breifne within twenty days. The treaty was an immense victory for O’Rourke. In contrast to the situation 3 years earlier, the once desolate kingdom of West Breifne was now more prosperous than anywhere in Connacht, having recovered from the devastation wrought by Bingham and had been relatively untouched by the war in the last four years.
Resumption of Hostilities
The agreement was not to last and West Breifne switched allegiance back to the Irish Alliance shortly before the expiration of the ceasefire on 7 June 1598. This betrayal of the English was a pragmatic choice as O'Rourke felt Clifford could not deliver on his promises. Firstly, he feared their weakness in the face of Tyrone and Tyrconnell, the latter of which was hosting his brother Tadhg and would surely make him king over Brian Óg in the event of a war. Lord Chancellor Adam Loftus had denied Clifford's request to provide O'Rourke with a garrison of 1,200 men. Secondly, in spite of the agreement that had been reached, O'Rourke wrote to Clifford stating he had discovered that Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormonde, had assured Mary Bourke (Tadhg's mother) that he would support Tadhg's claim as king of West Breifne. Clifford blamed both men for O'Rourke's defection back to the rebels. Brian Óg's fears proved correct as by early 1599, the rebel Irish lords were in complete control of Ulster and Connacht and raiding as far south as historic Thomond, before occupying Munster and most of Leinster the following year. The war was also placing a huge financial burden on England and by the war’s end the English exchequer would near bankruptcy, having spent almost £2 million.
West Breifne’s most famous contribution of the war came at The Battle of Curlew Pass. A substantial English force some 2,000-2,500 strong led by Sir Conyers Clifford were travelling north only to find that O’Rourke and 400 of his men had barricaded the pass and were guarding it on either side. O’Rourkes forces, along with those of Hugh O’Donnell, who did not take part in the battle, decisively defeated the English who were forced to retreat. Losses were minimal for the Irish and estimated to be around 500, but possibly as high as 1,400 for the English. Clifford was left mortally wounded and Brian Óg ordered his head to be cut off and sent to O'Donnell, who in turn sent it to the besieged O'Conors in Sligo as a message that no English help was coming. O'Conor surrendered shortly afterwards. Clifford's body was honourably buried at the monastery in Lough Key and his "tragic death….was much lamented" by the Irish lords, as the man had "never told them a falsehood". O’Rourke and O’Donnell were not on good terms at this time. Brian Óg’s rival to the kingship, Tadhg, had married O’Donnell’s sister Mary and was staying with her in Tyrconnell. Coeval correspondence between the English command mentions multiple disagreements between Brian Óg and Hugh Roe. Despite this tension, their alliance persisted for the duration of the war.
Fall of the Alliance 1600–1603
By late 1600 the tide of war had turned against the Irish Alliance. The English stepped up their campaign, stationing 18,000 soldiers in Ireland on top of the thousands of Irish infantry already at their disposal, and had wrested more Irish lords from O’Neill and O’Donnell, most notably Niall Garbh, who betrayed the alliance and allowed the forces of Henry Docwra to land at Lough Foyle. The new commander of the English forces in Ireland Charles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy, employed a scorched earth policy which hit the Irish civilian and military population hard. Clandeboye, the primary breadbasket of the Ulster allies, was invaded and had its crops burnt, livestock slaughtered and villages torched, leading to a famine in Ulster which took the lives of 60,000 people in 1602-03. Docwra meanwhile set up a series of fortifications along the River Foyle, cutting access between Tyrone and Tyrconnell. In the context of West Breifne they plotted to exploit the tension between Tadhg and Brian Óg O’Rourke. In January 1601 Tadhg O’Rourke was given 800 men by O’Donnell to revive the rebellion in Munster, his campaign there was a disaster and he returned to Ulster in the summer having lost 500 men. Upon his return it was announced that the brothers had reconciled.
However, Brian Óg was to travel south with O’Donnell in December to take part in the ill-fated Battle of Kinsale and while Brian Óg was away, Tadhg had defected to the English and claimed kingship of West Breifne for himself with the support of his mother’s family the Burkes of Clanricarde. Hugh Roe left Ireland for Spain following his defeat at Kinsale, leaving Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell in charge of Tyrconnell. The English plan of bringing Irish lordships onto their side, thus dividing the alliance, had largely succeeded across the island and Brian Óg was forced to return to West Breifne and restate his authority as king by force. After ousting Tadhg, Brian Óg was called upon by Rory O'Donnell to assist him and provide him with soldiers in early 1602 but O'Rourke refused and remained in West Breifne to "protect his people". The Alliance of Irish clans that was on the cusp of victory just one year earlier had disintegrated.
By the end of June 1602, Mountjoy was writing triumphant letters to Treasurer George Carey from Tyrone’s capital Dungannon. By January 1603 Brian Óg, in a turn of events for the once exiled lord, now harboured the ousted lords Maguire, O’Sullivan and Tyrrell within his kingdom. They wished to regroup and join up with the remaining forces of Hugh O’Neill but unbeknownst to them O’Neill had already left for Mellifont to surrender.
West Breifne was now the only Irish kingdom that had not yet surrendered. Brian Óg continued the revolt knowing that his legitimate, well-connected, loyalist half-brother Tadhg would receive his lands were he to surrender now, but the odds were stacked impossibly against him. At the end of March 1603 the invasion of West Breifne began. A force of 3,000 men led by Tadhg, the now-loyalist Rory O’Donnell and Henry Folliott, were prevented from crossing the River Shannon for twelve days by O'Rourke's entrenched forces. Eventually an English garrison broke through their defences and fortified themselves in northern Leitrim at a church in Black Pig's Dyke. O'Rourke and forces loyal to him were holed up in their keeps as the countryside of West Breifne was ravaged by attacks. On 25 April 1603 Mountjoy reported that Brian Óg had been toppled, forced into the forests like "a wood kerne". West Breifne's resistance was ultimately broken and Brian Óg fled.
The ousted Brian Óg again sought to strike a deal with the English allowing him to keep his lands but this was flatly refused. Finally, in September 1603, King James I granted Sir Tadhg O’Rourke "the country or lordship of Breny Ui Ruairc and Muinter Eoluis". On 28 January 1604 Brian Óg died of fever in exile in Galway and was buried in the Friary of Ross Errilly.
Decline
After defeat in the Nine Years' War, the total implementation of English Law across Ireland was inevitable and the Gaelic political order collapsed. Many O'Rourke nobles left for mainland Europe and the clans throughout Ireland went into a steady decline culminating in The Flight of the Earls in 1607. The clans within West Breifne were granted land and assurances of their rights to pass on that land to their eldest son under English law in exchange for pledging loyalty to the crown, circumventing the authority of the ruling O’Rourke dynasty – the same form of divide and rule that was first adopted by the English government in Ireland following their occupation of MacMahon territory in 1590. Each of these clans held only modest estates and could not properly threaten English authority or raise armies and amass wealth through taxation like the larger Gaelic kingdoms could. The O’Rourke’s had been relegated to large landowners within County Leitrim, with no official authority over the other clans and a vastly reduced tax base, land area and population. The kingdom was effectively over.
In late 1605 Sir Tadhg O’Rourke suddenly fell terminally ill and died aged 28, rumours of his poisoning abound – especially given the extraordinary circumstances that would lead to the dispossession of his sons and the subsequent Plantations of Leitrim. Tadhg had two sons, Brian and Aedh. Brian was to inherit his father’s title and lands but as he was only 6 years old at the time, his father’s cousin, Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde, was given wardship of the boys on 11 February 1606. Brian and his brother Aedh were to fall victim to the plotting of Attorney-General for Ireland John Davies, who set about undoing the "distasteful settlements" reached with the native Irish lords in the Treaty of Mellifont through legal means.
His opportunity arose when questions over the legitimacy of Brian and Aedh were raised as their mother Mary was twice divorced before her marriage to Tadhg. If these divorces were not recognised by English Law it was possible to revoke the patent of the O’Rourke children. Lord Deputy Arthur Chichester was anxious to pacify the wilderness of O’Rourke’s country which was a "den of outlaws and malefactors" where "no Englishmen dwell". Wealthy speculators were equally as anxious to open Leitrim up to plantations.
With their power over Ireland firmly established, many within the English government and legal system began a covert effort to dispossess the Irish heirs of rebellious lords – such as those who took part in the Nine Years' War – and pass their land on to English and Scottish Protestant settlers. Richard Burke protested their machinations arguing that no moves to dispossess Brian should be made until he turns twenty-one.
In November 1616 Brian O’Rourke was ordered to England by James I. As a knight of the English realm James felt O’Rourke should receive an English education in Oxford University, Burke was to pay for his tuition. In November 1618, while Brian was still in college and still the legal heir, the English government in Ireland led by Oliver St. John, were surveying and "mapping" Leitrim for plantation. Following an altercation in Oxford on St. Patrick’s Day 1619, O’Rourke was arrested and charged with battery. He was ordered to pay an unprecedented £250 each to the three claimants. Despite being known personally to James I and despite Burke agreeing to pay the court's recommended settlement of £50 to each claimant followed by another £50 within a year of O’Rourke’s release, the claimants refused and he remained in prison at Gatehouse. Predictably, later that year a jury found that Mary O’Donnell’s divorce of her first husband Donal O’Cahan was void, therefore her marriage to Tadhg was not recognised and their two sons Brian and Aedh were declared illegitimate.
Plantations of Leitrim
Brian was moved to the Tower of London on unspecified charges and his situation was made worse by renewed tensions between England and Spain, who would go to war in 1625. The O’Rourke nobles who fled to Spain and were fighting in the Irish Regiment as well as West Breifne’s history of aiding the Spanish in Ireland was emphasized by those who benefitted from O’Rourke's downfall and wished to see him remain incarcerated.
Lord Justice William Parsons travelled to London in February 1621 to convince George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, the king's favourite, to support the foundation of a new agency, the Irish Court of Wards, which would pave the way for new plantations in Ireland. By supporting these plantations Villiers could ensure that he would benefit handsomely. With no "legitimate" heirs and the remaining O’Rourke nobles in Leitrim disassociating themselves from Brian in exchange for security of their own lands, the plantations officially began in August 1621. Within a few weeks County Leitrim’s approximately 400,000 acres had been divided. Half of the county (50 grants) was given to Protestant British settlers and the other half (151 grants) to the natives in a complete restructuring of the land.
Brian’s brother Aedh was also placed in the spotlight. Aedh was living with his mother and her fifth husband in County Mayo, but also intermittently in Leitrim. In June 1624 Lord Deputy Henry Cary encouraged Aedh to travel to Dublin to discuss the legal situation regarding his inheritance. Although he had been officially declared illegitimate by England, Cary feared that in the event of an invasion by Spain and a rebellion by Aedh O’Rourke, he would be "exceedingly followed by the Irish". Conscious of his brother’s situation he initially declined.
He arrived in Dublin in May 1626 and impressed both Cary and the Privy Council. Cary sent him, along with his cousin Con O’Donnell, heir of Tyrconnell, to London, confident that they could be convinced to relinquish their claims. At Hampton Court, Aedh refused to give up his claim to his father’s lands in the barony of Dromahair, County Leitrim, which had already been settled by British plantation owners, and was jailed. He would’ve met the same fate as his brother were it not for his cousin Mary Stuart O'Donnell, a dissident Irish Catholic living in England who orchestrated his escape. With her help Aedh fled to Flanders and joined the Spanish army.
Brian meanwhile continued to languish in prison, writing to Charles I and other English officials, petitioning them for a speedy trial so he could face his accusers, secure his freedom and recover his land. Ignorant of what had transpired in Leitrim in his absence, he also wrote to Chief Minister George Villiers, who had been given 4,500 acres of O’Rourke’s estate, pleading for a trial which he never received. He died in the Tower of London in December 1641, having spent 22 of his 42-year life in prison.
The last legacy of the Dromahair O’Rourke lords during the plantations was the land allocated to their widows. Mary O’Donnell, mother of Brian and Aedh and widow of King Tadhg (1603–1605) was granted 1,600 acres and Mary Maguire, widow of King Brian Óg (1591–1603) was granted 700. Tiernan, grandson of King Feidhlimidh (1528–1536) the last of the Carha line, was granted land in the Barony of Rosclogher in 1622 and in 1629 Shane Óg, descendant of the Carrigallen O'Rourkes, received 1,800 acres in Carrigallen. Three other natives of former West Breifne; Elizabeth Duff, Catherine Glanchy and Mary Crofton were granted 4,000 acres between them. The largest landowner was Scottish noble Frederick Hamilton, who founded Manorhamilton on the banks of the Owenbeg River. He received 6,500 acres but would later grow this to over 18,000 acres.
Many stately homes and large castles such as Parke's Castle, Manorhamilton Castle and Lough Rynn Castle were built by British Protestant settlers during the plantations. By 1641, 63.5% of County Leitrim was owned by Protestants and 31.1% was owned by Catholics, with 5.3% not surveyed. Following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland from 1649 to 1653 and the subsequent Down Survey of 1656–1658, a nationwide survey which measured the land which was to be forfeited by the native Irish, the land held by settlers would increase even further. By 1670 the land held by Catholics in Leitrim had fallen to 8%, with 86.3% held by Protestants and 5.6% not surveyed. -->
Ríthe Bhréifne Uí Ruairc
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Guairdeall
Is éan mara é an guairdeall (Hydrobates pelagicus). Tugtar gearr róid, gearr róid bandaphrompach, gearr úisc, agus peadairín na stoirme ar an speiceas seo freisin. Úsáidtear an téarma guairdeall ar speicis éin eile sna géinis Hydrobates, Macronectes, Oceanites, agus Oceanodroma freisin, ach is é Hydrobates pelagicus an ceann is coitianta in Éirinn.
Réaltnéal Duineach
Is astaíocht dhépholach agus réaltnéal frithchaithimh é an An Réaltnéal Duineach timpeall ar an gcóras ollmhór réalta Eta Carinae, timpeall 7,500 solasbhliain (2,300 parsoic) ón Domhan. Tá an réaltnéal leabaithe laistigh den Réaltnéal Carina atá i bhfad níos mó, réigiún mór H II a dhéanann réalta. Is éard atá sa réaltnéal na gás a heisteilgeadh as Eta Carinae le linn an bhrúchta mhóir, a tharla ~7,500 bliain sular breathnaíodh ar an Domhan é, ó 1838 go 1845. Tá deannach ann freisin a ionsúnn cuid mhór den solas ón chóras réaltach atá thar a bheith lonrúil agus a athghathaíonn mar infridhearg (IR). Is é an réad is gile sa spéir é ag tonnfhaid lár-IR.
Tagairtí
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Baden-Württemberg
Is é Baden-Württemberg an tríú stát is mó de réir daonra agus an tríú stát is mó de réir achair sa Ghearmáin. Tá sé suite in iardheisceart na Gearmáine. Tá an stát ag críochantacht leis na stáit Ghearmánacha Tír na Réine agus an Phalaitíneacht, Hessen agus an Bhaváir. Thairis sin, tá teorainn aige leis an Ostair, leis an Eilvéis agus leis an bhFrainc.
Quentin Massys
Péintéir a rugadh i Lováin na Beilge ab ea Quentin Massys (c 1466-1530). Is pictiúir eaglasta an chuid is mó dá shaothar, ach réalachas iontu. Pictiúir cáiliúil uaidh is ea Erasmus (1517).
mion|An t-Iasachtóir Airgid agus a Bhean Chéile, 1514 mion|Seanbhean Anchúinseach, t. 1513 mion|Erasmus, 1517
Spinéal
Tugtar spinéal ar bhall ar bith de ghrúpa mianraí ar ocsaídí dúbailte iad de mhiotail dhéfhiúsacha is thrífhiúsacha. Is iad na baill is tábhachtaí ná crómaít (FeCr2O4), an phríomhfhoinse crómiam, maighnéidít (Fe3O4), agus spinéal (MgAl2O4) atá luachmhar mar sheoid, go príomha nuair a bhíonn dath dearg air de bharr mioneisíontas. Faightear iad mar mhianraí breise i gcarraigeacha doigheartha is meiteamorfacha.
200px|mion|clé|Spinéal dubh as Franklin, [[New Jersey]]
J. R. R. Tolkien
Scoláire, scríbhneoir, file agus focleolaí Sasanach ab ea John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (3 Eanáir 1892 - 2 Meán Fómhair 1973). B'eisean a scríobh na húrscéalta iomráiteacha An Hobad, nó Anonn agus Ar Ais Arís agus Tiarna na bhFáinní.
A shaol
Rugadh i mBloemfontein san Afraic Theas é agus d'fhás sé aníos i Sasana. D'fhreastail sé ar King Edward's School Birmingham agus Ollscoil Oxford.
Ba léachtóir le Béarla é i Leeds ó 1920 go 1925.
Ba ollamh le hAngla-Shacsainis é in Oxford ón mbliain 1925 go dtí an bhliain 1945, agus le teanga agus litríocht an Bhéarla ón mbliain 1945 go dtí an bhliain 1959.
Caitliceach docht ab ea é.
Ba chara le scríbhneoir clúiteach eile é, C. S. Lewis.
Fisic núicléach
Staidéar ar thréithe, comhdhéanamh agus struchtúr núicléas an adaimh. Ar dtús rinneadh turgnaimh ar radaighníomhaíocht nádúrtha, agus léiríodh gurbh ann don núicléas i 1911. Déanann turgnaimh nua-aoiseacha staidéar ar núicléis fhordhíchumtha ar ardluas rothlaithe, agus ábhar dlúth núicléach (an plasma cuairc/glúóin) a chruthaítear in imbhuailtí núicléas trom. Iniúchtar an núicléas le X-ghathanna, neodróin, méasóin, agus leictreoin. I measc feidhmeanna na fisice núicléiche, tá cumhacht núicléach, airm núicléacha, agus raidiseatóip sa mhíochaine.
Gleann Bhaile Uí Dhíomáin
Is ceann de Ghleannta Aontroma, i gContae Aontroma é Gleann Bhaile Uí Dhíomáin (Glenballyemon), atá suite i dtuaisceart an chontae. Tá an gleann suite idir baile Bhun Abhann Dalla taobh leis an fharraige agus Trostán, áit a bhfuil an sliabh is airde sna gleannta.
Epictetus
Tráill agus fealsamh ó Impireacht na Róimhe a ghlac leis an Stóchas ab ea Epictetus (Gréigis: Ἐπίκτητος, Epíktētos; c.50 – c.135 AD). Rugadh é sa Fhrigia, ríocht na Gréige, san Anatóil. Ba thráill a mháthair agus díoladh í le fear saibhir sa Róimh darb ainm Epaphroditos, rúnaí Néaró. Ciallaíonn an t-ainm ceannaithe sa Ghréigis. Cé go raibh sé ina thráill, tugadh cead dó freastal ar ranganna fealsúnachta a chum Gaius Musonius Rufus. Chuir sé sin feabhas ar a stádas. Scaoileadh Epictetus timpeall 68 agus thosaigh sé ag múineadh fealsúnachta, an tImpire Hadrianus ina measc. Cuireadh iallach ar Epictetus an Róimh a fhágáil chun dul anonn go Nicopolis i 94 nuair a dhíbir Domitianus gach uile fhealsamh. Bhí tionchar an-láidir aige ar Marcas Áiréilias.
An rud a dúirt sé
Tá smacht orainn ar chorr rud, agus corr rud nach bhfuil. Tá tuairimí, impleachtaí, mianta agus aimhréidhe faoin ár gcumhacht; agus go dearbh, gach uile rud a ní sinn. Chan fhuil rogha againn i dtaobh an choirp, airgid, glóir nó rialtais. A mhalairt ar fad, na rudaí nach ndéanann sinn féin.
John T. Koch
Scoláire, staraí agus teangeolaí Meiriceánach is ea John T. Koch a bhfuil suim ar leith aige i Léann Ceilteach, go háirithe réamhstair agus an luath-mheánaois. Tá sé ina eagarthóir ar ''Celtic Culture. A Historical Encyclopedia'' (2006, ABC Clio), cúig imleabhar. Tá sé ina phríomhthacadóir an hipitéise, Ceilteach ón Iarthair (Celtic from the West). <!-- tuilleadh le haistriú
Career
He is a graduate of Harvard University, where he was awarded the degrees of MA and PhD in Celtic Languages and Literatures in 1983 and 1985, respectively. He has also pursued studies at Jesus College, Oxford, and the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has taught Celtic Studies at Harvard University and Boston College.
Since 1998, he has been senior research fellow or reader at the Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies, University of Wales, where he has supervised a research project called Celtic Languages and Cultural Identity, the output of which includes the five-volume Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia (2006), and An Atlas for Celtic Studies (2007).
In 2007, John Koch received a personal chair at the University of Wales.
Koch supervises (as senior fellow and project leader) the Ancient Britain and the Atlantic Zone Project (covering Ireland, Armorica, and the Iberian Peninsula) at the University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. In 2008, Koch gave the O'Donnell Lecture at Aberystwyth University titled People called Keltoi, the La Tène Style, and ancient Celtic languages: the threefold Celts in the light of geography. In 2009, Koch published a paper, later that year developed into a book, Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History, detailing how the Tartessian language may have been the earliest directly attested Celtic language with the Tartessian written script used in the inscriptions based on a version of a Phoenician script in use around 825 BC. This was followed by Tartessian 2: Preliminaries to Historical Phonology in 2011, focused on the Mesas do Castelinho inscription.
Ideas
Koch has been a leading proponent of the Celtic from the West hypothesis, the idea that the Celtic languages originated as a branch of the Indo-European languages not in Eastern Europe, from where they radiated westward, but rather that they arose in Iberia (modern Spain and Portugal) among the Celtiberians and neighboring peoples as a combination of Proto-Indo-European and native non-Indo-European Paleohispanic languages (related to Basque), with some Phoenician influence. From there (in this scenario) they spread east to what was later Gaul (modern France, Germany, and surrounding areas), where early forms of the Italic and Germanic languages already would have been developing independently from Proto-Indo-European. This idea – the subject of three edited volumes in a series by Koch and Barry Cunliffe called Celtic from the West (2012–2016) is controversial. -->
Oileán Caorach
Is oileán Éireannach é Oileán Caorach.
An t-éiceachóras
lóma mór
gé giúrainn
Gall-Ghàidhealaibh
Is ceantar suite i gComhairle Dhùn Phris is Ghall-Ghàidhealaibh é Gall-Ghàidhealaibh.
Cuimsíonn sé dhá sheanchontae: Siorrachd Bhaile na h-Ùige agus Siorrachd Chille Chùithbeirt.
Patrick Moore
Pearsa teilifíse, réalteolaí amaitéarach, taighdeoir agus scríbhneoir ab ea Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore (4 Márta, 1923 - 9 Nollaig, 2012).
Chuir sé i láthair an tsraith 'The Sky at Night' ar feadh 55 bhliain, ó 1957 go dtí a bhás sa bhliain 2012.
Mikhail Tal
Imreoir fichille Laitviach agus Sóivéadach ab ea Mikhail Nekhemyevich Tal (9 Samhain 1936 – 28 Meitheamh 1992). Ba é an t-ochtú curadh domhanda. Meastar go forleathan gur ghinias cruthaitheach é agus ceann de na himreoirí fichille is mó tionchair riamh. D'imir Tal i stíl ionsaitheach agus díocasach agus bhí aithne thar aon rud eile ar a dhráma mar gheall ar sheiftiú agus neamh-intuarthacht. Thugtaí an leasainm "Misha" air, agus thuill sé an leasainm "An Draíodóir ó Ríge". Tá níos mó cluichí ag Tal ná aon imreoir eile sna leabhair The Mammoth Book of the World's Greatest Chess Games agus Modern Chess Brilliancies.
Bhuaigh Tal comórtas idirchriosach an-láidir sa Iúgslaiv i 1958 agus lean na himreoirí is fearr ar aghaidh go dtí comórtas cáilíochta don cluiche teidil sa tír chéanna i 1959. Bhuaigh Tal le scór 20 as 28 pointe, chun tosaigh ar Paul Keres le 18½. Sa bhliain 1960, agus é 23 bliana d’aois, bhuaigh Tal ar Mikhail Botvinnik i gcluiche Craobh Domhanda Fichille i Moscó, 12½–8½, rud a d'fhág gurb é an curadh domhanda is óige riamh é, curiarracht a bhrisfeadh Garry Kasparov níos déanaí, a fuair an teideal ag 22 bliain d'aois. Ní raibh Tal imeartha ag Botvinnik roimh an gcluiche, ach san athimirt an bhliain dár gcionn, bhí Botvinnik níos ullmhaithe agus fuair sé an teideal ar ais 13-8. Sa tréimhse idir na cluichí bhí mionanailís déanta ag Botvinnik ar stíl Tal, agus chuir sé a stíl féin in oiriúint chun cosc a chur ar an saghas clampair chasta teaicticiúil a bhí mór le Tal.
Chuir fadhbanna ainsealacha duáin Tal lena chliseadh, agus mhol a dhochtúirí i Ríge gur cheart dó an cluiche a chur siar ar chúiseanna sláinte. Deirtear go n-aontódh Botvinnik le cur siar ach amháin dá mbeadh sé deimhnithe ag dochtúirí Moscó nach raibh Tal in ann imirt, agus gur chinn Tal ansin imirt. Mar gheall ar a réimeas gairid ar bharr an domhain fichille, bhí sé ar cheann den dá "rí geimhridh" mar a thugtar orthu a chuir isteach ar réimeas fada Botvinnik ó 1948 go 1963 (ba é Smyslov, curadh domhanda 1957-58, an ceann eile).
Ar 28 Bealtaine 1992, ag an gcomórtas blitz Moscó (ar fhág sé an t-ospidéal chun imirt ann), bhuaigh sé Kasparov. Fuair ​​sé bás mí ina dhiaidh sin ar 28 Meitheamh. Tá comórtas fichille cuimhneacháin Mikhail Tal ar siúl i Moscó gach bliain ó 2006 i leith.
Frank Clarke (breitheamh)
Is breitheamh Éireannach é Frank Clarke (a rugadh ar an 10 Deireadh Fómhair 1951), Príomh-Bhreitheamh na hÉireann ó 2017 go dtí 2021. clé|mion|[[Na Ceithre Cúirteanna]]
Rita Ann Higgins
File agus drámadóir Éireannach í Rita Ann Higgins, a rugadh i nGaillimh i 1955.
Frank Clarke (breitheamh)
Beatha
Rugadh Clarke i mBaile Bhailcín, Baile Átha Cliath i nDeireadh Fómhair 1951. Cuireadh oideachas air ag P.B.C. Chaisleán Dhroimeanaigh agus sa Choláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath, áit inar bronnadh B.A. air sa Mhatamaitic agus san Eacnamaíocht (1972). Tar éis dó a staidéar dlí a chríochnú ag Óstaí an Rí, rinneadh é a ghairm chuig an mBarra i 1973.
Rita Ann Higgins
Saol Óige
Rugadh Higgins i mBaile an Bhriotaigh, Gaillimh, i dteaghlach triúr déag. D'fhreastail sí ar Scoil Náisiúnta Cnoc Mhaoil Drise agus ar Chlochar na Trócaire i nGaillimh. Bhog an theaghlach go dtí Mervue. D'fhág sí an scoil ag ceithre bliana déag d'aois agus thosaigh sí ag obair i monarcha i Mervue. Fuair a máthair bás nuair a bhí sí 15 bliana d'aois agus ag obair i mBaile Átha Cliath; phós a athair arís.
Gleann Chapall
Is baile suite i gComhairle Dhùn Phris is Ghall-Ghàidhealaibh é Gleann Chapall.
Rita Ann Higgins
Gairm
Phós sí sa bhliain 1973. Tar éis rugadh a dara hiníon di i 1977, chaith sí seal sa sanatóir ag teacht chuige féin ón eitinn. Nuair a bhí sí san ospidéal, thosaigh sí ag léamh agus ag scríobh dánta. Chuaigh sí le Ceardlann Scríbhneoirí Gaillimh i 1982. Mholl Jessie Lendennie di, eagarthóir an Comhlacht Foilsithe Salmon, agus d'fhoilsigh Salmon a chéad chúige bailiúcháin.
Frank Clarke (breitheamh)
Beatha
Chleachtaigh Clarke ag an mBarra uaidh sin go dtí gur ceapadh é chuig an Ard-Chúirt i Samhain 2004. Rinneadh abhcóide sinsearach de i 1985.
Rita Ann Higgins
Gairm
Bhí Higgins ina Scríbhneoir Cónaithe le Comhairle Contae na Gaillimhe i 1987, Scríbhneoir Cónaithe in Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh ó 1994–95, Scríbhneoir Cónaithe le Comhairle Contae Uíbh Fhailí ó 1998–99. Bhí sí ina Ollamh Green Honors san Ollscoil Chríostaí Texas i Meán Fómhair 2000.
Frank Clarke (breitheamh)
Cásanna
Le linn a chuid ama ag an mBarra, chleachtaigh Clarke go príomha i limistéir na tráchtála agus an dlí phoiblí (lena n-áirítear dlí bunreachta). Ceapadh é faoi dhó ag an gCúirt Uachtarach mar abhcóide le hargóint a chur i láthair ar thagairtí do Bhillí chuig an gCúirt Uachtarach ag an Uachtarán faoi Airteagal 26 den Bhunreacht. Ina theannta sin, ghníomhaigh sé mar abhcóide leis an gCoiste Cuntas Poiblí ina bhfiosrúchán ar an tsaincheist cháin DIRT. Bhí Clarke ina abhcóide seachtrach chomh maith leis an gCoimisiún Fiosrúcháin ar Mhí-úsáid Leanaí. clé|mion|Bunreacht na hÉireann
Ceapacháin
Bhí Clarke fostaithe ar feadh go leor blianta ar Chomhairle an Bharra, lena n-áirítear téarma dhá bhliain (1993-1995) mar Chathaoirleach orthu. Ina theannta sin, bhí sé ina Chathaoirleach ar Chomhairle Óstaí an Rí ó 1999 go dtí 2004, agus ina Bhinseoir de Chumann Onórach Óstaí an Rí ó 1995 i leith.
Bhí sé ina bhall de Chomhairle an Chumainn Idirnáisiúnta Bharra ó 1997 go dtí 2004, agus é mar chomhChathaoirleach an Fhóraim Phléadálaithe agus Abhcóidí (an comhlacht ionadaíoch idirnáisiúnta do bharraí neamhspleácha atreoraithe) ó 1998 go dtí 2002.
Sa limistéar acadúil, bhí Clarke ina ollamh ag Óstaí an Rí ó 1978 go dtí 1985 agus bhí sé ina Bhreitheamh Cónaitheach ag Coláiste Griffith ó 2010 i leith.
Rita Ann Higgins
Gairm
Is baill i Higgins d'Aosdána. Tugtar People’s Pandemic Poet Laureate uirthi i 2019 ar Seó Brendan O'Connor ar RTÉ Raidió a hAon. Bhí páirt aici sa chlár faisnéise dátheangach Cumar: A Galway Rhapsody (2019).
Frank Clarke (breitheamh)
Ceapacháin
Chaith Clarke seal ar bhord Mhíosachán Tuairiscí Dlí na hÉireann agus is é an t-ainmneach chun ionadaíocht a dhéanamh don Phríomh-Bhreitheamh ar Chomhairle Ionchorpraithe um Thuairisciú Dlí le haghaidh na hÉireann.
Chaith Clarke seal mar Chathaoirleach ar an gCoimisiún Reifrinn maidir leis an Dara Reifreann ar Chonradh Liospóin. Rinneadh é a shainiú go príomha do Liosta Tráchtála na hArd-Chúirte ach bhí sé ina bhreitheamh ceannais ar bhunaíocht Seansaireachta agus Liosta Neamhghiúiré den chéad uair i gCorcaigh.
Ceapadh Clarke chuig an gCúirt Uachtarach i Márta 2012. Bhí sé mar Phríomh-Bhreitheamh na hÉireann ó Iúil 2017 go dtí D.F. 2021.
Rita Ann Higgins
Saol Pearsanta
Dúirt Higgins gur laochra iad an poblachtach Éireannach Mary McSwiney agus an feimineach Mary Wollstonecraft di. Scríobh sí dhá dhán i gcuimhne a dheartháir Tony sa leabhar Throw in the Vowels; fuair sé bás i 2005. Cónaíonn sí i nGaillimh agus i Spidéal.
Comhéifeacht chafalach
deas|250px|thumb|Comhéifeacht chafalach Leithead cinn mar chéatadán dá fhad. Roinntear daoine le luachanna difriúla comhéifeachta mar bhracacafalach (leathan), méasacafalach (meánach) nó dolacafalach (fada). Úsáidtear an chomhéifeacht chráiniach maidir leis an mblaosc, seachas an ceann. Áisiúil i rangú antraipeolaíoch.
Mastadán
Mamach pioctha, cosúil le heilifint, ab ea an mastadán a d'áitríodh sabhánaí coillearnaí sa ré Mhéicéineach, ar fud an Domhain, beagnach. D'imigh sé in éag sa ré Phléicéineach. Bhí cur na bhfiacla ann sainiúil, dís starrfhiacla íochtaracha is uachtaracha go minic, na starrfhiacla íochtaracha cosúil le sluaistí.
Cumann Ceol Eaglasta na hÉireann
Is é Cumann Ceol Eaglasta na hÉireann (as Béarla the Irish Church Music Association) eagraíocht ceoil reiligiúnach. lonnaigh siad an oifig in Coláiste Phádraig Maigh Nuad, Éire. Cuireann siad cóitseáil ar fáil do daoine sa ceol seirbhís reiligiúnach.
Fisic soladstaide
Staidéar ar thréithe ábhair sa staid sholadach. Fo-bhrainse d'fhisic ábhair chomhdhlúthaithe a chuimsíonn leachtanna is solaid. Ar dtús ba iad na criostail an fócas, ach faoi seo tagann córais níos casta san áireamh: cóimhiotail, ceirmeacht, solaid dhímhorfacha, agus dromchlaí.
Banc Idirnáisiúnta Athfhoirgníochta agus Forbartha
Is eagraíocht airgeadais idirnáisiúnta é an Banc Idirnáisiúnta Athfhoirgníochta agus Forbartha (BIAF). Bunaíodh an banc sa bhliain 1944 chun cabhrú le forbairt eacnamúil trí iasachtaí a sholáthar do thíortha.
Tá an CFA cleamhnaithe leis an Comhlachas Forbartha Idirnáisiúnta agus an Banc Domhanda.
Moltke Moe
Scoláire béaloidis agus gníomhaí teanga ón Iorua a bhí in Ingebret Moltke Moe, a tháinig chun saoil i Krødsherad, cúige Viken, ar an 19 Meitheamh 1859 agus a fuair bás in Kristiania (inniu Oslo) ar an 15 Nollaig 1913.
Saol
Ministir Protastúnach agus bailitheoir mór béaloidis a bhí ina athair féin, agus ní raibh i Moltke Moe óg ach stócach ocht mbliana déag d'aois nuair a thosaigh sé ag tionlacan a athar ag bailiú seanscéalta i gceantar Telemark.
Bhí Moe ina Ollamh le Béaloideas roimh aon duine eile i gCríoch Lochlann. Bhain sé amach an gradam seo sula raibh tríocha bliain d'aois nó céim ollscoile aige.
Cúrsaí teanga
I gcúrsaí teanga, bhí Moe barúlach gur chóir dhá chaighdeán scríofa na hIoruaise, an Bokmål agus an Nynorsk, a thabhairt in araicis a chéile. Ghlac sé páirt i ndréachtáil cheartlitriú na bliana 1907. Leis an gceartlitriú seo cuireadh caighdeán "Ioruach" in aghaidh an chaighdeáin "Dhanmhargaigh" don Bokmål: le fírinne d'athraigh ainm na teanga sin ó Riksmål go Bokmål san am. clé|mion|Moe i 1911
Béaloideas
Béaloideasaí ab ea é.
Tionchar
Tháinig an teangeolaí agus Reidar Th. Christiansen, mac léinn Moe, go hÉirínn sa bhliain 1920.
Loch Mhabain
Is baile suite i gComhairle Dhùn Phris is Ghall-Ghàidhealaibh é Loch Mhabain.
Spíonán
Tom duillsilteach é an spíonán a fhásann timpeall 1 m ar airde, dúchasach don Eoraip is tuaisceart na hAfraice. Na gais is na géaga spíonach, 3-5 mhaothán ar na duilleoga, na bláthanna scothghlas le daithín corcra in aonta nó péirí ar ghais ascalacha shleabhctha. Na caora inite ubhchruthach, suas le 4 cm ar fhad, glas nó scothdhearg, guaireach nó mín. Saothraítear é ar son na dtorthaí.
Atheagraí
Is éard atá i gceist le eagarthóir téacs nó atheagraí is ea ríomhchlár lenar féidir téacs a ionchur i gcuimhne ríomhaire, a thaispeáint ar scáileán (nó a phriontáil srl) agus a ionramháil mar is mian leis an úsáideoir. Ligeann atheagraí d'úsáideoir téacs agus téacschomhaid  a chruthú agus a athrú.
Lios Uillt
Is baile suite i gComhairle Dhùn Phris is Ghall-Ghàidhealaibh é Lios Uillt.
Gleann Athain
Is gleann sna Gleannta na hAontroma, i gContae Aontroma é Gleann Athain (nó Gleann Gorm. Glenaan), cé go bhfuil san tuaisceart den contae. Níl bailte ar bith san gleann. Ach, leanann bóthar agus abhainn bheag anuas é.
Masters agus Johnson
Taighdeoirí is scríbhneoirí ar an ngnéasacht dhaonna. Bhunaigh William Howell Masters (1915-2001) agus Virginia Eshelman Johnson (1925-2013) an Fhondúireacht Taighde ar Bhitheolaíocht Atáirgthe i 1964, agus rinneadar taighde ar chomhriachtain le deonaigh faoi chúinsí rialaithe saotharlainne. Leabhar móréilimh ab ea Human Sexual Response (Freagairt Ghnéasach Dhaonna, 1966) inar chuir siad síos ar thorthaí a gcuid taighde.
Comhéifeacht chúltarraingthe
deas|150px|thumb|Comhéifeacht chúltarraingthe Tomhas ar an bhfrithfhórsa dinimiciúil a tharlaíonn nuair a ghluaiseann réad, mar ghluaisteán, eitleán nó bád, trí shreabhán. Mar shampla, nuair a ghluaiseann feithicil tríd an aer, méadaíonn an frithfhórsa cúltarraingthe a fheidhmíonn an t-aer ar an bhfeithicil de réir an luais chearnaigh. Mar bharr air sin, ní mór cumhacht an innill i ngluaisteán — is é sin, ráta ídithe a bhreosla—a mhéadú de réir an luais chiúbaigh chun an frithfhórsa a shárú. Is gá an chumhacht a mhéadú faoina 8 nuair a mhéadaítear an luas faoina dó. Le blianta anuas tá an-iarracht ar siúl ag déantóirí gluaisteán an chomhéifeacht chúltarraingthe a laghdú ó timpeall 0.5 sna 1960idí síos go dtí timpeall 0.2 anois, rud atá tar éis éifeacht breosla gluaisteán a fheabhsú as cuimse.
Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa
Ba staraí agus annálaí Éireannach é Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa, agus príomhthiomsaitheoir ''Annála Uladh, in éineacht leis an scríobhaí Ruaidhrí Ó Luinín. (Feabhra 1439 – Márta 1498)
Luathshaol
Rugadh Cathal ar Sheanadh Mhic Mhaghnusa, oileán i Loch Éirne, ar a dtugtaí Belleisle nó Baile Mhic Mhaghnusa. Ba é an mac ba shine é ag Cathal Óg, ar a dtugtar Cathal Meadhónach, mac Chathail Mhóir. Ba í Gráinne, iníon le Tomás Óg Mág Uidhir, tiarna Fhear Manach (1430 -71) a mháthair. Bhí an teaghlach ina ghéag de phríomhtheaghlach Fhear Manach, Clann Mhig Uidhir. Rinne Cathal staidéar ar an dlí in Ard Mhacha agus b'fhéidir gur bhunaigh sé scoil dlí i Seanadh Farracháin ina dhiaidh sin. Bhí eolas gan sárú aige ar an nGaeilge agus ar an traidisiún Gaelach. Rinne Cathal staidéar ar an dlí in Ard Mhacha agus b'fhéidir gur bhunaigh sé scoil dlí i Seanadh Mhic Mhaghnusa ina dhiaidh sin. Bhí eolas gan sárú aige ar an nGaeilge agus ar an traidisiún Gaelach.
Spioróg mhór
Seabhac scothbheag le sciatháin ghearra chruinne is eireaball fada is ea an spioróg mhór. Faightear an spioróg mhór thuaisceartach sa chuid is mó den leathsféar thuaidh. Tá cineálacha eile dúchasach don Afraic, deisceart is oirdheisceart na hÁise, agus an Astráil. Áitríonn sí coillearnach, agus itheann veirteabraigh is feithidí.
John Howard
B'é John Winston Howard, (26 Iúil, 1939 a rugadh é) 25ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile. Tháinig sé i gcomharba ar Paul Keating i 1996. Is ball saoil de Pháirtí Liobrálach na hAstráile agus Feisire Parlaiminte Bennelong é.
thumb|left|280px|John Howard (ar dheis) le [[George W. Bush (Washington, D.C. - 2006)]]
Tomaltach mac Ionrachtaigh
Rí Ulad de chlann Uí Chaolbhadh, géag de Dhál Araí ba ea Tomaltach mac Ionrachtaigh (Sean-Ghaeilge Tommaltach mac Indrechtaig) (bás 790). Ionrachtach mac Leathlobhair (bás 741), iar-rí Dhál Araí, ba ea a athair. Bhí sé i réim mar rí Dhál Araí ón mbliain 776, agus mar rí na nUlad ón mbliain 789, go dtí a bhás dá bhliain 790.
Físmheascthóir
Trealamh leictreonach a úsáidtear i bhfísléiriú chun ábhar cláir a roghnú ó fhoinsí éagsúla —ceamaraí, scanóirí scannán, fístéipthaifeadáin, ríomhairí — agus áiseanna ar fáil chun iarmhairtí trasdultacha idir amhairc is íomhánna a chomhcheangal ag uair an bhuntaifeadta, agus níos déanaí san eagarthóireacht iarléirithe. Tugtar an teideal seo ar an teicneoir a ritheann an trealamh faoi stiúir an stiúrthóra nó an eagarthóra.
Tomaltach mac Ionrachtaigh
Tar éis bhás the death of Fiachna mhic Aodha Róin (bás 789), rí na nUlad of Ulaid, tharla achrann cathartha i measc Dhál Fhiatach agus rinne Tomaltach rí Ulad de féin. Fuair sé bás ámh an an bhliain dár gcionn. An bhliain chéanna, rinne Dál Araí ár mór ar Dhál Fhiatach. Feictear seo tar éis thásc Thomaltaigh sna hannála, ach ní gá go mbeadh eachtraí bliantúla bheith liostaithe in ord croineolaíoch. Cé go bhfeictear é sa ríliosta Ulad sa Leabhar Laighneach, ní thugtar ach an teideal rí Dhál Araí i nAnnála Uladh.
D'éirigh a gharmhac, Leathlobhar mac Loingsigh (bás 873), ina rí Ulad fosta.
Spíosra
clé|250px|mion|Spíosra Planda le blas géar a úsáidtear chun blas a chur ar bhia nó é a chaomhnú. Úsáidtear an téarma go príomha ar chodanna crua, cosúil le torthaí triomaithe is síolta, ach cuimsíonn sé codanna eile, cosúil le bachlóga na mbláthanna.
Comhéifeacht dáileacháin
deas|150px|thumb|Comhéifeacht dáileacháin Sa cheimic, cóimheas intuaslagthacht tuaslagáite i dtuaslagóir amháin agus an luacha i dtuaslagóir eile nach ndéanann meascán aonchineálach leis an gcéad tuaslagóir. Tugtar an chomhéifeacht rannach uirthi freisin. Leis an eolas seo, is féidir an tuaslagáit a bhaint as tuaslagóir amháin trí roinnt mhaith eiseatocsainí leis an dara tuaslagóir.
Ontario
230px|mion|[[Eas Niagara]] Is é Ontario an cúige is mó daonra agus an dara cúige is mó achair i gCeanada. Bhí daonra 13,505,900 ag Ontario sa bhliain 2013, 38.7% den daonra náisiúnta. Is é Torontó an phríomhchathair agus an chathair is mó chomh maith. Tá Ottawa, príomhchathair Cheanada, suite in oirthear Ontario.
Tíreolaíocht
Tá trí réigiún in Ontario, mar atá machairí an tuaiscirt, an Sciath Cheanadach sa lár, agus deisceart an chúige. Bíonn na crainn gann sna máchairí ó thuaidh agus is minic an talamh riascach. Tá an tír ansin tearc i ndaoine. Réimse mhór carraige atá sa Sciath Cheanadach a shíníonn trasna an chúige ón iarthuaisceart go dtí an oirdheisceart láir. Tá mianraí éagsúla le fáil go flúirseach ann chomh maith le foraoisí, locha agus aibhneacha, cé go mbíonn carraig lom na Scéithe ar an dromchla uaireanta freisin. Sa deisceart bíonn an talamh agus an aeráid níos oiriúnaí don churadóireacht. Tá 13% d'achar an chúige sa deisceart ach is ansin a bhfuil 94% den daonra. mion|225px|clé|Cladach ar Leithinis Bruce ar Georgian Bay in Ontario. Tá [[Leithinis Bruce idir Georgian Bay agus Loch Huron.]]
Stair
Ba iad na hIndiaigh (na "Chéad Náisiúin") na chéad áitritheoirí in Ontario. Bhí treibheanna Íreacacha (Iroquois, Petun, Huron) ina gcónaí i ndeisceart Ontario. Bhíodh cónaí orthu i dtithe fada i mbailte beaga daingnithe agus shaothraigh siad an talamh (min bhuí sa chuid ba mhó). Treibheanna Algancacha (Algonquin, Cree, Ojibwa) a bhí i dtuaisceart agus in iarthar Ontario, iad ag fánaíocht agus ag seilg agus ag iascach. Tháinig na Francaigh sa bhliain 1608. Rinne siad trádáil i bhfionnaidh leis na hIndiaigh. Chuir siad dúnfoirt ar bun—Fort Frontenac (Kingston inniu), Fort Niagara, agus Fort Detroit—ach níor chuir siad bailte dá gcuid féin ar siúl.
mion|Cúige Québec sa bhliain [[1774, Ontario mar chuid de]] Rinne Henry Hudson taiscéaladh ar an mbá taobh thuaidh ó Ontario a bhfuil a ainm air inniu, .i., Bá Hudson, sa bhliain 1615 agus cuireadh áiteanna trádála Sasanacha ar bun ar an gcósta úd. B'as sin a d'fhás an comhlacht Hudson Bay Trading Company a mhaireann i gCeanada agus sna Stáit Aontaithe go fóill. Fuair na Briotanaigh seilbh ar Ontario ar fad, in éineacht leis na críocha Francacha eile, trí Chonradh Pháras na bliana 1763. Dílseoirí ó na 13 choilíneacht ó dheas ba mhó a lonnaigh in Ontario sna blianta ina dhiaidh sin.
Cwm Penmachno
Is seanbhaile cairéil i bpobal Bro Machno, Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy (Gaeilge: contaebhuirg Conwy), sa Bhreatain Bheag é Cwm Penmachno (ar a dtugtar go stairiúil Tre-Gynwal ). Tá sé ainmnithe i ndiaidh an ghleanna den ainm céanna (SH755474). Tá sé ag barr an ghleann, roinnt míle siar ó dheas ó shráidbhaile Penmachno.
Ontario
Stair
Mar gheall ar an fhorbairt eacnamaíoch leanúnach in Ontario sa dara leath den 19ú haois agus ina dhiaidh, bhí breis is 50% de na daoine ina gcónaí i gceantracha uirbeacha faoin mbliain 1911. An bhliain ina dhiaidh sin leathnaíodh na teorainneacha an chúige go Bá Hudson agus Bá James, rud a chuir an chruth céanna ar Ontario agus atá air an lá inniu. Tháinig inimircigh go dtí na críocha mianadóireachta sna 1920idí, daoine ón Lochlainn agus ó Québec go háirithe.
Cwm Penmachno
Stair
Tógadh an sráidbhaile sna 1860í mar lonnaíocht chairéil. Bhí cairéal Penmachno díreach ó dheas agus os cionn na lonnaíochta. Níos airde suas an gleann bhí cairéal slinne Rhiwbach, a bhí nasctha roimhe seo ag Trambhealach Rhiwbach le hIarnród Ffestiniog ag Blaenau Ffestiniog. Sreabhann sruthanna ón ngleann géar-thaobhach, ag cruthú foinse na habhann Afon Machno, a théann trí Phenmachno, sráidbhaile níos mó, sula dtéann sé isteach san abhainn Afon Conwy ó dheas de Bheitws-y-Coed.
Ontario
Stair
Fulaingíodh sa Spealadh Mór sna 1930idí. Chuir an Dara Cogadh Domhanda críoch leis sin agus tháinig na céadta míle teifeach ón Eoraip tar éis dheireadh an chogaidh úd. Lean an geilleagar ag fás sna blianta iarchogaidh agus thosaigh imiceacht shuntasach ón gcuid eile den domhan. mion|250 px|Eastát tithíochta in [[Markham, i ndeisceart Ontario]]
Cwm Penmachno
Áiseanna
Meallann an sráidbhaile turasóirí, go háirithe rothaithe sléibhe, cadhcálaithe, canúálaithe agus siúlóirí. Tosaíonn 'Conair Rothar Sléibhe Penmachno' ag an gcarrchlós, atá suite idir Cwm Penmachno agus Penmachno.
Ontario
Geilleagar
Tá geilleagar Ontario múnlaithe go mór ag geoghraife an chúige: saothrú acmhainní nádúrtha sa lár agus an talmhaíocht sa deisceart mar a mbíonn an talamh go maith chuici. Mar gheall ar an dlús daonra sa deisceart, is ansin a bhíonn an chuid is mó den tionsclaíocht, seirbhísí, rialtas agus na meáin chumarsáide. Baintear sochar as an turasóireacht sa dá réigiún araon.
Tá foinsí hidrileictreacha flúirseach in Ontario, ach mar sin féin ceannaíonn an cúige cumhacht ó Québec agus ó Michigan (an comhpháirtí trádála is mó ag Ontario). Tá leath de dhéantúsóireacht Cheanada suite in Ontario (52% den iomlán náisiúnta sa bhliain 2004). "Réigiún an Chrú Capaill Órga" a thugtar ar na ceantracha in aice Loch Erie agus iarthar Loch Ontario ina bhfuil an chuid is mó den tionsclaíocht ar siúl. Ba C$674.485 bn. an olltáirgeacht intíre (OTI) a bhí ag Ontario sa bhliain 2012.
Fisiteiripe
Próiseas athshlánaithe fhisiciúil chun cabhrú le feidhmeanna normálta na colainne a thabhairt ar ais do dhuine tar éis gortaithe, máinliachta nó galair. Tagann cóireálacha éagsúla san áireamh, ina measc aclaíocht ghníomhach nó fhulangach, suathaireacht, agus teas a chur i bhfeidhm trí dhiaiteirme. I ndiaidh gortaithe cosúil le briseadh cnáimhe, nuair nach féidir matáin a úsáid, cnaíonn is meathann matáin go tapa agus éiríonn na hailt a bhaineann leo docht. Is gá aclaíochtaí grádaithe a dhéanamh thar thréimhse fhada chun feidhmiú iomlán ceart a fháil ar ais. Más gá do dhuine gortaithe an leaba a choinneáil, bíonn claonadh ann ionfhabhtú cliabhraigh a tholgadh, agus sa chás sin is gá dó cleachtadh ionálaithe a dhéanamh, nó a dhroim a ghreadadh le doirne taobh thiar den chliabhrach chun cabhrú le tál coinnithe a chaitheamh amach. Is fiú aclaíochtaí a dhéanamh ar ghéaga a mbíonn pairilis orthu tar éis gortaithe no stróic freisin.
Cwm Penmachno
Áiseanna
Suite in aice le deireadh an ghleanna tá ionad lasmuigh The Latymer School, Ionad Gníomhaíochtaí Allamuigh Scoil Latymer (ar a bhfuil foirgnimh na hiarbhunscoile). Reáchtálann an scoil turais chónaithe gach bliain do dhaltaí bhliain 7 agus 9, chomh maith le turais éagsúla Tíreolaíochta agus Corpoideachais. Cheannaigh Scoil Latymer an t-ionad seo i bParc Cenedlaethol Eryri (Gaeilge: Páirc Náisiúnta Eryri) le go bhféadfadh na daltaí aithne níos fearr a chur ar a chéile agus a gcuid scileanna aonair a fháil amach.
Imelda May
Is amhránaí, ceoltóir, léiritheoir agus cumadóir amhráin Éireannach í Imelda Mary Higham (Gaeilge: Imelda Máire Higham) (rugadh í leis an ainm Imelda Mary Clabby ar an 10ú Iúil 1974), athnaítear go proifisiúnta í mar Imelda May. Rugadh agus tógtha ins Na Saoirsí, i mBaile Átha Cliath, thosaigh sí a gairm sa cheol ag aois a 16 - ag seinnt le roinnt bannaí ceoil agus ceoltóirí áitiúil - sular bhunaigh sí a banna féin i 2002. Scaoil sí a céad albam, No Turning Back, i 2003 agus bhog sí go Londain sa Ríocht Aontaithe lena fear céile agus giotáraí Darrel Higham i ndiaidh gur scaoileadh é.
Méarchlár
Tá níos mó ná brí amháin ann leis an bhfocal méarchlár:
Imelda May
Sheinn sí ar an gclár ceoil Later... with Jools Holland ar an mBBC i 2008. Bliain níos déanaí, scaoil sí an t-albam, Love Tattoo (2009).