تاریخ_ایران
امپراتوری سلجوقی
امپراتوری سلجوقی، با فرهنگ ترکی-ایرانی * "Aḥmad of Niǧde's al-Walad al-Shafīq and the Seljuk Past", A. C. S. Peacock, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 54, (2004), 97; "With the growth of Seljuk power in Rum, a more highly developed Muslim cultural life, based on the Persianate culture of the Great Seljuk court, was able to take root in Anatolia." امپراتوری سلجوقیان در سال ۱۰۳۷ میلادی توسط طغرل‌بیگ بنیانگذاری شد. طغرل به واسطه سلجوق بیگ که یکی از سران تُرکان اوغوز بود به قدرت رسید. سلجوقیان باعث اتحاد دوباره جهان اسلام شدند و نقش کلیدی در جنگ‌های صلیبی اول و دوم داشتند. سلجوقیان به شدت تحت تأثیر فرهنگ * C.E. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkmen must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the thirteenth century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose Mathnawī, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature." (John Perry. "The Historical Role of Turkish in Relation to Persian of Iran". Iran & the Caucasus, Vol. 5, (2001), pp. 193–200.) "The eastern Caucasus came under Saljuq control in the middle years of the 5th/11th century, and in c. 468/1075-56 Sultan Alp Arslān sent his slave commander ʿEmād-al-dīn Savtigin as governor of Azerbaijan and Arrān, displacing the last Shaddadids. From this period begins the increasing Turkicization of Arrān, under the Saljuqs and then under the line of Eldigüzid or Ildeñizid Atabegs, who had to defend eastern Transcaucasia against the attacks of the resurgent Georgian kings. The influx of Oghuz and other Türkmens was accentuated by the Mongol invasions. Bardaʿa had never revived fully after the Rūs sacking, and is little mentioned in the sources." (C.E. Bsowrth, Arran in Encyclopedia Iranica) "Iranian influence on Caucasian languages. There is general agreement that Iranian languages predominated in Azerbaijan from the 1st millennium b.c. until the advent of the Turks in a.d. the 11th century (see Menges, pp. 41–42; Camb. Hist. Iran IV, pp. 226–228, and VI, pp. 950–952). The process of Turkicization was essentially complete by the beginning of the 16th century, and today Iranian languages are spoken in only a few scattered settlements in the area." سلجوقیان مراکز آموزش عالی را تأسیس کردند و حامیان هنر و ادبیات بودند. دستاوردهای علمی در دوران سلطنت آنها توسط دانشمندانی مانند عمر خیام و امام محمد غزالی مشخص می‌شود. در دوره امپراتوری سلجوقی، فارسی به زبان ضبط تاریخی تبدیل شد، در حالی که مرکز فرهنگ زبان عربی از بغداد به قاهره تغییر یافت. بنیادگذاری مدارس نظامیه توسط خواجه نظام‌الملک طوسی در بغداد، بلخ، نیشابور و اصفهان از کوشش‌های فرهنگی این دوره است. برنامه درسی نظامیه ابتدا به مطالعات دینی، قوانین اسلامی، ادبیات عرب و علم حساب متمرکز شده و بعداً به تاریخ، ریاضیات، علوم فیزیکی و موسیقی نیز تعمیم یافته‌است.