cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Jacques-Louis David
jacques-Louis David (30 August 1748 – 29 December 1825) nye dunyahela kple nutala siaa si nɔ agbe le Franseawo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata la me. Esi wònye dunyahela ta la, exɔ ŋkɔ wu le esi wònye kplɔla ʋɛ siwo ɖu France dzi le Franseawo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata ƒe akpa si me ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ nɔ wu me la dometɔ ɖeka ta. David xɔe se be mele be fiaɖuƒe nanɔ France o ke boŋ ele be wòanye Dukɔmevi. Eda asi ɖe edzi be woatsɔ tu si woyɔna be guillotine awu France Fia Louis XVI. Esi Franseawo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata la te kpododonu la, edzɔ dzi na David be Napoleon Bonaparte va zu France Fiagã. Esi Jacques-Louis David nye nutala ta la, edi be nutatawo nanye dunyahehe. Zi geɖe la, etaa kalẽtɔwo tso gliwo alo ŋutinya siwo wòxɔ se be wotsi tre ɖi na nukpɔsusu nyuiwo abe ŋusẽ, nɔviwɔwɔ, kple nɔnɔme nyui ene me. Eƒe nutatawo nye nu ŋutɔŋutɔwo ŋutɔ eye zi geɖe la, woɖea kalẽtɔ siwo tso Blema Hela kple Roma fiana. Woyɔa esia be Neoclassical ƒe nutata ƒe atsyã. David ƒe nutata xɔŋkɔwo dometɔ ɖekae nye exɔlɔ̃ vevitɔ Jean-Paul Marat si wowu le Franseawo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata la me. David ƒe nutata kpe ɖe Marat ŋu wòzu kalẽtɔ xɔŋkɔ si wowu xɔsetaku.
Comoros
Comoros nye Afrika dukɔwo dometɔ ɖeka.
Ɣe
Ɣe [ɣè] (dzesi: )
Roubaix
Roubaix nye du aɖe si le Hauts-de-France dugã la me, si le France ƒe dziehe, le Belgium ƒe liƒoa gbɔ. Le ƒe 2013 me ke la, ame 95,866 sɔŋ ye nɔ dugã la me. Roubaix dugã la ƒe lolome nye agbleka 3,212.37.
Charles Juste François Victurnien, de Beauvau, Craon Fiavi
charles Juste François Victurnien, de Beauvau, Craon Fiavi (ƒe 1793–1864) nye Franse asrafo charles Juste François Victurnien, de Beauvau, Craon Fiavi (ƒe 1793–1864) nye Franse asrafo Wonyae be Beauvau Fiavi. Le fofoa ƒe ɖoƒe si nye Roma Fiaɖuƒe Kɔkɔe la ƒe Fiavi ta la, exɔ dzesideŋkɔ mawo le fofoa ƒe ku me le ƒe 1849. Eɖe srɔ̃ zi eve. Vi ene nɔ esi si me Beauvau Fiavi si kplɔe ɖo hã nɔ. Le dunyahehe gome la, enye Bonaparte habɔbɔ si di be yeagbugbɔ Bonaparte ƒomea aɖo Franseawo ƒe fiazikpui dzi la me tɔ. Togbɔ be le se nu la, enye "Craon Fiavi" hã la, wonyae kple eƒe dzeside bubu "Beauvau Fiavi".
São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe nye Afrika dukɔwo dometɔ ɖeka.
Charles Juste François Victurnien, de Beauvau, Craon Fiavi
Wodzi Charles le March 7, 1793 dzi le Sunninghill le Berkshire. Edzilawo, Marc Étienne de Beauvau, Beauvau Fiavi kple Nathalie de Rochechouart, nɔ aboyo me le England tso Franseawo ƒe tɔtrɔ kpata la me.
Ƒomea trɔ yi France. Le ƒe 1810 me la, Charles ge ɖe Franseawo ƒe Asrafoha me le Napoleon ƒe Aʋawɔɣiwo. Eva zu carabiniers ƒe amegã le ƒe eve megbe, le aʋawɔwɔ ɖe Russia ŋu me. Wotiae be wòanye sewɔtakpekpe me tɔ. Wotiam be manye Meurthe ƒe Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpe me tɔ le ƒe 1854 me.
Ɣleti
Ɣleti [ɣlètí] (dzesi: )
Charles Juste François Victurnien, de Beauvau, Craon Fiavi
Srɔ̃ɖeɖewo kple viwo
Le June 9, 1815 dzi la, Charles ɖe Lucie Virginie de Choiseul (ƒe 1794-1834). Vi siwo gbɔna la nɔ wo si:
Marc René Antoine Victurnien (ƒe 1816-1883), si kplɔe ɖo le Beauvau Fiavi me
Srɔ̃ɖeɖe
Srɔ̃ɖeɖe [srɔ̃̀ɖèɖè]
Charles Juste François Victurnien, de Beauvau, Craon Fiavi
Srɔ̃ɖeɖewo kple viwo
Étienne Guy Charles Victurnien (ƒe 1818 va ɖo ƒe 1865) Le April 2, 1839 dzi la, Charles ɖe Eugénie Ludmille Alexandrine Joséphine Komar (ƒe 1820-1881). Vi siwo gbɔna la nɔ wo si:
Marie Delphine Élisabeth Stéphanie(ƒe 1842-1898),ɖe Count Gaston Alexandre de Ludre Béatrix Jeanne Marie Joséphine (ƒe 1844-1895), ɖe Count Horace de Choiseul-Praslin
Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo
Xexeme Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo nye dukɔ 193 ƒe habɔbɔ.
Afrikatɔwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ yi Europe
Afrikatɔwo yizɔmɔ yi Europe nye ame siwo le Europe eye wo nye Afrika vi dzidziwo.
Ŋutinya
Wodzi Romantɔwo ƒe dzidula, Septimius Severus le Afrika Gbegadzi si nye egbe Libya. Afrika gbegadzitɔwo ʋu yi Britain le Romantɔwo ƒe dzidudume. Wokpɔ Britishi yevu ŋutsu adewo si tɔ ƒome nkɔ deka be ʋukɔme dzidzi yike tso Sub Sahara afrika nutsuade gome lewosi si ke nɔ anyi le ƒe akpe adewo megbe.
Mɔzɔzɔ ƒe mɔwo
Tso eƒe 1960 yina la, Morocco, Algeria kple Tunisia nye dukɔ yome mɔzɔzɔ tso Afrika yi Europe tsona le gbɔsusume sike na dzidzime viwo si tso dukɔ yome me le Europe sugbɔ le alafa 20 ƒe nuwuwu. Le eƒe siwo kplɔ ami ƒe tukara mela, mɔzɔzɔ yi Europe ɖukɔwome vasese. Eya menabe mɔzɔzɔ tso Afrika dziehe nutso o, ke bonu woana amesiwo zɔmɔ vayi kple woƒomewo nanɔ anyi mlɔeba. Mɔzɔzɔ yawo geɖe tso Mahgreb nto me yi France, Netherlands, Belgium kple Germany. Tso eƒe 1980 dome yina, Ɖukɔsiwo me mɔzɔla yawo yina keke gede Spain kple Italy elabe ɖukɔsiawo ɖi dɔwɔla siwo bi de woƒe dɔwɔwɔme le agbosusume.
Spain kple Italy de Visa nudidiwo de mɔzɔlawo si tso Mahgreb ntome le eƒe 1990 ƒe gomedzedze me sike nabe mɔzɔzɔ le emo bada di to Mediterranean me vayi dzi.
Tso eƒe 2000-2005, ame 440,000 zɔmɔ tso Africa yi Europe.
Le Hei de Haas. amega na International Migration Institute le Oxford Suku game ƒe nuƒoƒome a, dutoƒonuƒo le Afrikatɔwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ va Europe le abe Israel tɔwo ƒe dzodzo le Israel ene sike nye mɔzɔla siwo zɔmɔ le emɔ bada dzi tso aʋawɔwɔ kple ehia me. Amega ya be yeme hɔ dzi se o elabe mɔzɔla siawo gede nye gbalɛnyalawo eye wo atenu aɣe efe si hia na emɔzɔzɔla. eyi edzi gblɔ bena, mɔzɔzɔ tso Afrika yi Europe tso alesike dukɔsiawo hia dɔwɔlawo le asinudɔ gede me.
Egblɔbe gede zɔna mɔ le wɔntɔ wodokui shi tsɔ awu yike woadzra wo. Egblɔ yidzi be togbobe nyakakamɔnuwo susu be mɔzɔla mawɔsedzi yawo vana tso eƒu dzi ha, mele nenema o. Gede va na abe tsadimɔzɔlawo ene" alo tso agbale fitifiti wo dzi alo to Spain ntowo me abe Ceuta kple Melilla ene. Ebe Afrika mɔzɔla mawɔsedzi gede wo zɔnamɔ le emɔ nyuitɔ dzi gake gede tsi na nyi wu game si woƒe Visa nawo. Nenemake, mɔzɔla me nunyala, Stephen Catsles ha gblɔ bena, togbɔbe nyakakamɔnuwo elidom tso Afika tɔwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ le agbosusume ha, ɣeɣleme ya lia, mesugbo o."
Le Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) ƒe kpɔkpɔnu a, Africa tɔwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ yi dukɔ dengor me mesugbɔ abe alesi mɔzɔzɔ le hihame o.BBC gblɔ dogo be le eƒe 2007 me a,International Organisation for Migration be Afrika mɔzɔlawo abe million 4.5 le alo million Europe gake Migration Policy Institute be Afrika mɔzɔla mawɔsedzi abe million 7 alo million 8 le EU dukɔwome.
Gegeɖe dukↄme to mↄdzemadzedzi
Gegeɖe dukↄme to mↄdzemadzedzi nye alesi dukↄ bubume tsolawo tsoa  de he gena ɖe dukↄ bubu me to emↄsi dzi se si kpↄa mↄzↄ nyawo dzia me de asiɖo o. Ame aɖewo kpe naɖe mↄzↄla siwo si mↄzↄgbalẽ mele o la nu be woato gbedzemↄ ayi dukↄ bubuwo me madzedzeé. Wo wↄa esia ɖe gà ta. Ne amesiawo kpeɖe mↄzↄlawo nu eye wotso de eye woxↄ wo ƒe gà vↄ ko la, wo ɖea asi le mↄzↄlawo nu le dziɖeɖi me. Ke ameha bubu eɖewo ha tsoa akpasese, mↄfititi, kple beble kplↄna amewo ayi dukↄ bubu wo me. Wo kplↄa amesiawo be woazu kluvi awↄ dↄ sese nawo alo woazu ahasiwↄlawo.
Germany
Ame agbↄsↄsↄ si gena ɖe Germany dukↄa me to anyigba anↄ abe 28,000 kple dzivↄ, ame 10,300 tso Austria. Ame 9,270 siwo dzena ɖe yameʋudzeƒea nye amesiwo da le mↄzↄseawo dzi. Eye mↄzↄla siwo genaɖe Germany dukↄa me le madzedze dzi le meli dzeƒewo ƒe agbↄsↄsↄme awu 1,120. mↄzↄla siwo genaɖe dukↄ me le madzedze dzia ƒe akpagatↄwo tso Afghanistan, Nigeria, Iraq, Syria kple Turkey. Esiae wↄe be mↄzↄzↄse dzi dala siwo kpovitↄwo ƒe dↄwↄƒe gatↄ si le Germany lé ƒe agbↄsↄsↄme anye ame 38,000.
Interlinguegbe
Interlinguegbe nye ɖiƔeme ƒe gbe. Ewɔla, Edgar de Wahl, di be yeakpɔ gbeŋutise ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ edziedzi kple dzɔdzɔmenɔnɔme si sɔ gbɔ wu gbɔ. Wotu nyagbeawo ɖe nya siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ tso gbegbɔgblɔ vovovowo me kple nya siwo woɖe tso eme ƒe ɖoɖo si zãa ŋgɔdonyawo kple megbenyawo siwo wonya la dzi.
Alfabeta kple nyayɔyɔ
Wotsɔ Latingbe me ŋɔŋlɔdzesi 26 ŋlɔ Interlingue: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z. Woyɔa ŋɔŋlɔdzesiawo ƒe ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo be a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, jot, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, qu, er, es, te, u, ve, duplic ve, ix, ypsilon, kple zet. Woŋlɔa gbeɖiɖi ƒe gbeɖiɖiwo ɖe ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi atɔ̃awo dzi tsɔ fiaa nuteɖeamedzi si mesɔ o, eye gbeɖiɖi sesẽ (á é í ó ú) ye nyo wu, gake woɖe mɔ ɖe bubuwo (è, ê, kple bubuawo) ŋu.
Dayan Kodua
Dayan Kodua (wodzi le 7 Anyɔnyɔ 1980) nye Dzamanya fefewɔla, agbalẽŋlɔla kple kpɔɖeŋu si tso Ghana dzidzimeviwo me. Le ƒe 2001 me la, eva zu nyɔnu ameyibɔ gbãtɔ kple ɖeka kolia si ɖu dzi le atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ƒe hoʋiʋli aɖe me le Germany. Ewɔ akpa vevi aɖe le Amerika kple Germany sinima geɖewo me eye wode bubu eŋu be enye amedɔdɔ na Afrika-nyigbagã le Germany le ƒe 2005 me.
Yves Apollinaire Pede
Yves Apollinaire Pede (wodzi le ƒe 1959 me, le Abomey) nye Beninois Vodou nutala. Esi wode dɔ asi nɛ be wòagbugbɔ nɔnɔmetatawo awɔ na Abomey Blemanudzraɖoƒea vɔ la, Ewɔ ame xɔŋkɔwo abe Nelson Mandela ene ƒe nɔnɔmetata siwo wotsɔ ke wɔe. Vivivi la, eƒe susu va nɔ avɔlɔlɔ̃ ŋu, eye wònɔ ŋku lém ɖe Haiti kple Cuba Vodou nutalawo ŋu be woaxɔ gbɔgbɔ. Wonyae hã ɖe eƒe siminti ƒe nɔnɔmetata gãwo kple bas-reliefs ta, eye wogblɔ be "etsɔ ɖe le eme etɔxɛe" ɖe Kulito ŋu, Fon nya aɖe si gɔme ŋutɔŋutɔe nye "amesi tso kumɔ dzi". Enɔ Ouidah,si nye xexeame ƒe Voduntɔwo ƒe aɖaŋudɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒe, si ƒe ƒe sia ƒe ƒe azãɖuɖu le.
Mixlɔ̃ nu be viaŋutsu Lionel Pede dze agbagba be yeadzra fofoa ƒe nutatawo to facebook dzi. Emegbe Lionel meɖoa nuawo ɖa gbeɖe o eye emegbe wòfi ga le nuƒlelaa si. Mègawɔ ‘nubabla’kplii o. Esia nye nye ŋutɔ nye nuteƒekpɔkpɔ, eye woɖoe be nyatakakaawo naxlɔ̃ nu ame bubu siwo nutataawo ƒe nu lé dzi na.
Sitsoƒedzidzi le Germany
Gomekpɔkpɔ na sitsoƒe kude amesiwo kpefu le duta ʋliʋli ƒe wɔna wo me nye gomekpɔkpɔ tɔxɛ ade si dzi kpedodo le le Germany ƒe dukplɔ se me. Enya sia ŋti bubu fia be dukplɔ gbalěa de dzesi gɔmesese si ke 1951 Refugee Convention na kuɖe sitsoƒe ŋu be edua manyǎ sitsoƒedzilawo o ke boŋ woa kpɔ wo ta le esea te. Takpɔkpɔ sia le veviě na Federal Office For Migration and Refugees (Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge, 'BAMF') fukpekpe adeke manɔ mee.
Le ƒe 1993 kple 2015, wo wɔ tɔtrɔ yeyewo le agbale sike de megbe na sitsoƒe ƒe gomekpɔkpɔ ŋu. le enya sia wo nkume kude sitsofe dzilawo ƒe kuxiwo nu le ƒe 2015 ƒe akpa evelia me.
Germany Ɖukɔ mevi gbalɛ̌ xɔxɔ mɔnuwo be ɖukɔa na si ye atso
Bena naxɔ gbalě be ɖukɔ bubu na si ye atso la, elebe na ŋlɔ̌ ŋkɔ le Germany ŋkɔ ŋlɔ ƒe eye wo ŋkɔ, (Section 22 AsvIVfG)ɖukɔ yi me nɛ tso, ame agbɔsɔsɔ yi kɛ gbɔ Germany ɖukɔ me tso woa kpa dzi, ŋtsue ne nye alo nyɔnue nɛ nye,kple wo ƒome ŋti nuwo le vevie be woa ŋlɔ wo ada ɖi to mɔ nu bɔbɔe aɖe dzi sikɛ wo ɖe ŋkɔ na be 'Erstverteilung von Asylbewerbern' la me. Le ŋkɔ ŋɔŋlɔ̌ kple nɔviawo vɔ me gbe la, elebe na yi ŋkɔ ŋlɔ ƒea wo dome tɔ ɖeka be woa nawo ɖukɔmevi gbalɛ̌ alo be woa nawo agbalɛ̌ abe amesi ke si Germany ɖukɔa tso. Le Germany ɖukɔ me la, gbalɛ̌ xɔxɔ na ɖukɔa sisitso tso na dɔwoƒe si woɖe ŋkɔ na be 'Federal Agency for Migration and Refugees' si gɔme kpɔe de koe nye be dzidudu dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa amesiwo si Germany dukɔa tso la ƒe nyawo gbɔ.
Germany dukɔ ƒe se gbalɛ tso dukɔa sitsitso ŋu gblɔ be:
Dɔwɔwɔ le Agbaleawo ŋti
"Federal Office for Migration and Refugees" yae nye dziɖuɖu ƒe alɔdzui si kpɔna agbale wɔwɔ na sttsoƒedzidzi.
Kuɖe axa 10 le Sitsƒedzidzi ƒe dodowo ƒe se (AsylG or AsylVfG,) nu la, edze na sitsoƒedzilawo be woa na dziɖuɖu ƒe dɔwɔƒe si kpɔna woƒe nyawodzila tɔtrɔ ɖe sia ɖe kuɖe wo ƒe nɔƒe nu, megbetsitsi ma nɔme tɔe, le woƒe sitsoƒedzidzi ŋkeke wo kata me le Germany; esia ha awɔ dɔ ɖe ʋuʋu alo nɔƒe ƒe tɔtrɔ ɖesiaɖe si dziɖuɖu ƒe ɖɔwɔƒea awɔ le eɖokuisi ha nu.
Doƒe vevitɔ le sitsoƒe xɔxɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo mee nye, nyasese le mɔzɔzɔ ƒe dɔwɔƒea.
Le ƒe 2015 me la, le titina xexleme ŋu la, agbale na sitsoƒedidi xɔ abe dzinu atɔ̃ kple kɔsiɖa aɖewo ene, abe alesi dziɖuɖu ɖɔwɔƒe si kpɔa nyasiawo dzi la ŋlɔe ne. Gake, nuteƒekpɔlawogawo, xɔe de eme be ɣeyiyi ƒe didime kɔ wu esia eye woanɔ abe ƒe ɖeka lɔfo ene.
Wo na mie nya be, vovototo le xexleme siawo me kuɖe alesi BAMF didina agbale xɔxɔ ƒe didime tso na ŋkeke si dzi sitsoƒedzilawo xɔna agbale le dziɖuɖu ƒe alɔ si kpɔna nyasiawo dzi la gbɔ; esia ate ŋu anye dzinu aɖewo megbe tso esime wo geɖe dukɔame.
Alpha Blondy
Seydou Koné, si wonya nyuie wu kple eƒe hadzidzi ŋkɔ Alpha Blondy, nye Ivorytɔwo ƒe reggae hadzila eye wònye xexeame katã ƒe haƒoƒo ƒe nutala bibi aɖe. Wodzii le Dimbokro le January 1, 1953. Zi geɖe la, dunyahehe kple hadomenyawo nɔa eƒe hadzidziwo me, eye wòdzia wo zi geɖe le wo degbe Dyula, Fransegbe, kple Eŋlisigbe me, gake ezãa gbe bubuwo abe Arabgbe alo Hebrigbe ene hã ɣeaɖewoɣi.
Ɖevime
Seydou Koné, si nye ƒome aɖe si si vi enyi le ƒe viŋutsu gbãtɔ la, tɔgbuia nyi le nɔnɔme si me wòde dzesii be ele "hamemetsitsiwo dome" me. Ele be nɔnɔme sia nakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe eƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi vevie. Alpha Blondy ʋu yi Odienné kple fofoa le ƒe 1962. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, enye sukuvi le Sainte Elisabeth Sekɛndrisuku eye wònɔ vevie dom nu le Ivory Coast sukuviwo ƒe habɔbɔa me. Le sekɛndrisuku la, enye haƒoha aɖe me tɔ, gake le tɔtɔ si wòhe va eƒe sukudede me ta la, wonyae le suku mlɔeba. Le ƒe 1973 me la, edzilawo wɔ ɖoɖo nɛ be wòade Eŋlisigbe ƒe suku aɖe le Monrovia, si nye Liberia ƒe fiadu. Esi wònɔ afima ɣleti wuietɔ̃ katã vɔ la, etso nya me mlɔeba be yeaʋu ayi United States be yeƒe Eŋlisigbe nanyo ɖe edzi.
Kɔledzi si le United States
Le ƒe 1974 me la, Seydou ʋu yi United States of America, afisi wòde Hunter College kple Columbia Yunivɛsiti ƒe Amerikatɔwo ƒe Gbegbɔgblɔ Ŋuti Ðoɖowɔɖi le be yeaxɔ Eŋlisigbe me ɖaseɖigbalẽ kple susu be yeawɔ dɔ le sukudede me. Esime wònɔ New York la, Rastafaritɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔha la do goe eye wòyi ɖakpɔ Jamaicatɔ fefewɔlawo abe Burning Spear ene ƒe fefewo. Esi Seydou trɔ yi Ivory Coast hafi wòte ŋu ɖɔ eƒe ŋutsuvi zɔhɛ Fulgence Kassi, si tsi va zu television dzi wɔnawo wɔla kpɔdzidzedze la ɖo. Do ŋgɔ na ema la, Seydou ƒo eɖokui ɖe nyaʋiʋli geɖe me hafi trɔ yi dukɔa me. Eƒe hadzila ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dze egɔme nyuie le ɣeyiɣi sia me, eye wòtia fefewɔƒe ŋkɔ "Alpha Blondy" na eɖokui.
Hadzidzidɔ
Blondy ƒe solo album gbãtɔ si nye Jah Glory do le ƒe 1982 me esi wònɔ TV dzi wɔna geɖe me na Kassi vɔ megbe. Le hadzidzi si nye "Brigadier Sabari," si gblɔ eƒe nuteƒekpɔkpɔ le esi wolée de gaxɔ me le Abidjan le ƒe 1980-awo me kple alesi kpovitɔwo wɔ nuvevii si kplɔe ɖo ta la, ele be haƒogbalẽ sia naxɔ ŋkɔ ŋutɔ eye mlɔeba la, ava zu tsitretsiɖeŋu ƒe dzesi. Le eƒe Afrika-trɔtrɔ tɔxɛ ɖe Reggae ŋu ta la, Alpha Blondy da tu xɔ ŋkɔ le Abidjan, eye wòxɔ megbeŋkɔ "Afrika ƒe Bob Marley" tso eƒe alɔdzedɔwɔƒea ƒe amedzro siwo dea ta agu nɛ gbɔ. Abe Bob Marley, amesi hã nye gbɔgbɔmeme, dunyahehe me veviedonula, kple mɔkpɔkpɔbuɖeame, eye eƒe hadzidzi "Aʋa" si Alpha Blondy ƒo nu tsoe ene la, enye ame si hã nye ame si ƒe susu le nu nyuiwo ŋu, si bua dunyahehe ŋu, eye wòƒo eɖokui ɖe dunyahehe me. Edzi ha le Eŋlisigbe, Fransegbe, Baoulé, kple wo degbe Dioula me ale be ame geɖe nase eƒe gbedasia. Emegbe la, etsɔ haƒonu yeyewo abe violin kple cello ene de eya ŋutɔ ƒe reggae-haƒoƒo ƒe atsyã me.
Eteƒe medidi o Europa va nya alesi Alpha Blondy xɔ ŋkɔe. Esi EP aɖe si ƒe tanyae nye Rasta Poué ɖu dzi vɔ la, ezɔ mɔ yi Paris le ƒe 1984 me be yealé Cocody Rock ɖe mɔ̃ dzi kple haƒoha si nye Pathe Marconi. Wolé albɔm sia ƒe tanya hakpakpa ɖe Jamaica ƒukpo dzi to "Bob Marley of Africa" dzi kple Marley ƒe haƒoha si kpe ɖe eŋu, The Wailers.
Le ƒe 1985 me la, Blondy trɔ gbɔ va aƒeme eye wòge ɖe haƒoƒea be yeawɔ haƒogbalẽ aɖe si ƒe tanyae nye Apartheid Is Nazism. E kple Aston "Ƒome Ŋutsu" Barrett xɔŋkɔ si le The Wailers me la, egalé "Yerusalem" ɖe mɔ̃ dzi le Jamaica ƒe Tuff Gong dɔwɔƒewo le ƒe 1986. Blondie ʋli nugɔmesese kple bubudede wo nɔewo ŋu le Abraham ƒe xɔse siwo nye Yuda-subɔsubɔ, Kristotɔnyenye, kple Islam me. Biblia, Quran, kple Torah sɔsrɔ̃ na wòkpɔ nu geɖe siwo me wòate ŋu akpɔ eƒe nyaʋiʋliwo kple nukpɔsusuwo tsoe. Le ƒe ma ke me la, ewɔ fefe aɖe le Morocco afisi wòdzi ha le Hebrigbe me. Le fifia nu la, enɔ mɔa dzi madzudzɔmadzudzɔe. Eƒe haƒogbalẽ mamlɛtɔ si nye Revolution ƒe gbeɖiɖi fa wu eye wòɖe dzi ɖi wu. Wozã cello le albɔmɔ̃a ƒe haƒoƒo me, eye Ivorytɔwo ƒe haƒola bibi Aicha Kone nye amedzro. Ivory Coast ƒe dukplɔla Félix Houphouët-Boigny ƒo nuƒo didi aɖe le nuŋlɔɖi si ƒe tanyae nye "Jah Houphout parle," si ƒe megbedede si mebɔ o koe nɔ esi.
Le ƒe 1987–1989 me la, Blondy nɔ Abidjan, afisi wòwɔa kɔnsɛtwo le eye wòléa SOS Guerre Tribale ɖe mɔ̃ dzi. Blondy ŋutɔe ƒoe ɖe esia nu, togbɔ be enɔ agbagba dzem be yeaɖe ye ɖokui ɖa tso Pathe Marconi gbɔ ɣemaɣi hã. Blondy meɖe mɔ esia xe mɔ nɛ o, eye le ƒe 1991 me la, eyi Europa hena kɔnsɛt tsaɖiɖi eye wòlé eƒe haƒogbalẽ si nye Masada si ŋu nya wogblɔna le xotutuwo me la ɖe mɔ̃ dzi kple haƒoƒo ŋuti nunyala bibiwo abe Bocana Maiga kple UK reggae haƒoƒowɔla Dennis Bovell ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu. Menye be esia nanye nusi axɔ ŋkɔ gã aɖeke o, gake mexe mɔ na Blondy hã o. Album sia si me hadzidzi si kpɔ dzidzedze "Rendez Vous" hã nɔ la nye nusi xɔ ŋkɔ ŋutɔ, eye Blondy yi edzi ƒo eƒe Gold Disc gbãtɔ nu ƒu le Paris emegbe.
Tso ƒe 1993 me la, blanuiléle nɔ Blondy ŋu le ɖeɖiteameŋu ta le xexeame katã ƒe tsaɖiɖi aɖe megbe eye woxɔe ɖe dɔwɔƒe aɖe be woakpɔ tagbɔdɔlélawo gbɔ. Ke hã esi eƒe lãmesẽ nyo ɖe edzi la, eɖe haƒogbalẽ si nye Dieu ("Mawu") ɖe go, si me wòdze gbɔgbɔmeme kple mawuvɔ̃la wu eye wòƒo nu tso eƒe dɔléle kple hayahaya ŋu le hadzidziwo abe "Heal Me" ene me.
Gake le Dzome 10, 1994 dzi la, Blondy trɔ gbɔ kple azãɖuɖua tsɔ de bubu Dukplɔla Houphouet ŋu. Emegbe ewɔ eƒe Europa-trɔgbɔ va aƒeme kple fefe aɖe si me gbeɖiɖi sesẽ aɖe le le Paris ƒe Le Zenith. Esi Blondy ɖe eƒe ha gãtɔwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo ɖe go le ƒe 1996 me vɔ la, etrɔ yi studio la be yeawɔ yeƒe ha adelia si nye Grand Bassam Zion, eye wòdzi ha le Malike, Arabgbe, Fransegbe, Eŋlisigbe, Ashanti, kple Wolof me.
Blondy trɔ yi eya ŋutɔ ƒe dukɔ me le ƒe 1998 me kple haƒogbalẽ yeye aɖe si nye The Prophet, esi wògazã ƒe eve bubu le Paris vɔ megbe. Etiae be yeaɖo ye ŋutɔ yeƒe dɔwɔƒe elabena exɔe se be yeƒe ŋkɔa ƒe susu nɔa dutanyigbawo dzi akpa. Tso ɣemaɣi la, eɖe haƒogbalẽwo kple hadzidziwo ɖe go, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye "Yitzhak Rabin" (si wotsɔ ɖe adzɔgbe na Israel ƒe kplɔlagã si wowu le ƒe 1995 me) kple hadzidzi "Journaliste en Danger" tso eƒe ƒe 2000 ƒe haƒogbalẽ Elohim me.
Esi woɖe CD MERCI ɖe go le ƒe 2002 me, si me Ophelie Winter kple Saian Supa Crew nɔ eye wòde dzesi Alpha Blondy ƒe ƒe 20 lia abe haƒoƒo ƒe nutala ene la, woɖoe be wòaxɔ Grammy Award na "Best Reggae Album" le ƒe 2003. Mete ŋu de ŋutilã me o kafukafuwɔƒe le New York City, ke hã, le dunyahehe ƒe nɔnɔme si le Ivory Coast ta. Grammy-nunana la na gomenɔamesi si mebɔ o be wòadɔ eteƒenɔla aɖe atsɔ ade bubu eŋu. Wota Akwaba le ƒe 2005. Le Siamlɔm 2007 me la, wowɔ eƒe CD Jah Victory. Tyrone Downie, si nye Bob Marley kple Wailers habɔbɔa me tɔ tsã, kpakple Sly Dunbar kple Robbie Shakespeare hã le eme. Hadzidzi "Aʋadziɖuɖu" nye ŋutifafa nubabla si wowɔ eye wodze dɔwɔwɔ gɔme le Ivory Coast le Tedoxe 2007 me.
"Sébé Allah Y'é" nye Blondy ƒe ha siwo wonya nyuie wu eye wokpɔ dzidzedze wu la dometɔ ɖeka.
Le Masa 13, 2010 dzi la, woɖe mɔ na nukpɔla gbogbo aɖewo be woage ɖe Blondy ƒe konsata aɖe me le Ivory Coast atsɔ aɖo ŋku dukɔa ƒe tomefafa kple ɖekawɔwɔ dzi. Amewo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ fũ le kɔnsɛt la me na ame blaeve ya teti xɔ abi, eye ame eve ku hã.
Le Masa 27, 2010 dzi la, Alpha Blondy wu Parkpop ƒe hadzidzi modzaka si wowɔ le The Hague, Netherlands, nu. Exɔ ɖe Snoop Dogg kple Beenie Man teƒe.
Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, Blondy kpe ɖe Ismael Isaac kple Afrikatɔwo ƒe reggae hadzila bubuwo ŋu vevie.
Le Adamekpɔxe 2014 me la, hadzila kple hadziŋlɔla Jonathan Wilson ɖe EP Slide By ɖe go, si dzi hadzidzi "Alpha Blondy Was King" dze le.
Roots Reggae Agbalẽdzraɖoƒe, si wo ɖe go le Dzove 2015 me la, tsɔ tata aɖe si ku ɖe Alpha Blondy ŋu si me woɖe hadzidziwo gɔmeɖeɖe kple wo gɔmeɖeɖe le gbegbɔgblɔ vovovowo me, siwo dome Dioula hã le, de eme.
Xᴐse
Moslemtɔ fofo kple dada Kristotɔ dzi Alpha Blondy, eye mamaa fiae be wòade bubu amesiame ŋu. Woateŋu ase Blondy ƒe bubudede subɔsubɔhawo katã ŋu kple gbɔgbɔmemenyenye si wòkpɔna tso wo me le ƒe 1986 ƒe hadzidzi siwo nye "Mawu nye Ðeka" kple "Yerusalem" afisi wòdzi ha le hena mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ.
Amegbetɔ ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunana
Woɖo Alpha Blondy Côte d’Ivoire ƒe Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Ŋutifafa Dutanyanyuigblɔla le ƒe 2005. Ewɔ dɔ geɖe be yeadi ŋutifafamɔ aɖe si dzi yeato atsi dunyahehe kple ŋutilã me dzrehehe si do tso amedzidzedze ƒe agbagbadzedze si do kpo nu le yeƒe dukɔa me le ƒe 2001. Ŋutifafanubabla aɖee nye ɖo eye wòdze dɔwɔwɔ gɔme tso Tedoxe 2007 me le ame gbogbo aɖewo, vevietɔ Alpha Blondy, ƒe dɔ sesẽ wɔwɔ ta. Esi Alpha Blondy Jah Glory Foundation si woɖo nyitsɔ laa, si ƒe taɖodzinue nye be yeawɔ avu kple hadome madzɔmadzɔnyenye kple dzidzimewo ƒe ahedada to aɖaŋu siwo amewo hiã be woatsɔ anyo ɖe edzi me la, Alpha keke eƒe asiɖoɖoanyi ɖe enu yi ŋgɔ wu fifia. Eɖoe kplikpaa be mele be woawɔ nuvevi ɖeviwo o eye woakpe ɖe hiãtɔwo ŋu (Jah Glory). Tafari-Genesis Retreat Camp na Ðeviwo (Ivory Coast kple Burkina Faso) nye gɔmeɖoanyia ƒe dɔ siwo li tegbee dometɔ ɖeka. Gɔmeɖoanyia wɔa dɔ be yeato gbe me ɖoɖowo vɛ ahawɔ wo ŋudɔ le kɔƒea me, abe Nyɔnuwo ƒe Ðokuidziɖuɖu ƒe Gadodo Suesuewo ƒe Ðoɖo ene, be woafia nyɔnu siwo le tsyɔ̃evi geɖewo dzi kpɔm la alesi woadze woawo ŋutɔ ƒe dɔwɔƒe gɔme ahakpɔ edzii, be woakpɔ woƒe ƒomewo dzi nyuie wu. Ðevi siwo dukɔmeviʋawo ɖe fu na, ɖevi siwo nye asrafo tsã, kple amesiwo ŋu dɔléle siwo nɔa anyi didi, siwo ate ŋu ade woƒe agbe afɔku me abe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ, asrã, asrã, kple bubuawo ene le amesiwo woɖo koŋ be wòana dzidzɔ kple mɔkpɔkpɔ nasu wo si la dome.
To eƒe hadzidziwo dzi la, Alpha Blondy gakpɔtɔ le xexeame katã ƒe ŋutifafa kple ɖekawɔwɔ dom ɖe ŋgɔ. Eƒe hadzidzi "Who Are You" kple Ophélie Winter, si wotu ɖe tomebɔmb siwo tsia tre ɖe amewo ŋu ŋu la nye kpɔɖeŋu si li fifia. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ekpɔ gome le amegbetɔ ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunana kple dɔmenyonunana ƒe kɔnsɛt geɖe me, abe esi wowɔ le Senegal le March 2006 me be woatsɔ akpɔ ga atsɔ atsi asrãdɔ nu le Afrika (si me wòɖe eɖokui fia kple ame xɔŋkɔ bubu geɖe le). Le eƒe ƒe sia ƒe "festa" fefe, si nye wɔna si wowɔna femaxee le Bassam Ƒuta me la, eyia agbagbadzedze sia dzi le afima hã.
Le ƒe 2014 me la, edzi On n'oublie pas (si Serge Bilé ŋlɔ)  kple dutoƒonuwɔla bubu geɖewo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Admiral T, Harry Roselmack, kple Jocelyne Béroard. Ha sia nye bubudede  ame 152 siwo ku tso Martinique le afɔku si dzɔ le Dasiamime 16, 2005 dzi la ŋu, be woatsɔ aɖo ŋku nudzɔdzɔ sia dzi eye woakpe ɖe AVCA, si nye amesiwo ŋu yameʋufɔkua gblẽ nu le ƒe habɔbɔ ŋu, be woaƒo ƒu ga.
Ha siwo wonya nyuie wu
Eƒe hadzidzi gbãtɔ ƒe kutsetsewo dometoɖeka nye: Brigadier Sabari.
Ghanatɔ siwo le Germany
Gbedegbe  nu sɔsrɔ̃wo de fia be ghanatɔ siwo le Germania alo Germany dukɔ me la nye ghanatɔ siwo zɔmɔ yi Germany ƒe aɖewo vayi la ƒe dzidzi meviwo le Germany. Nu me kuku ɖe fia be ghanatɔ siwo le Germany la tsɔ akpa gátɔ na amesiwo zɔmɔ yi yɛvuɖe ƒe akpa yikɛ woyɔna be Europe le United Kingdom me gbe.
Gbedegbe
Le ƒe 1960s kple 70s wo me la, Ghanavi geɖe siwo zɔmɔ yi Germany dukɔa me la nye sukuviwo eye wòwɔ habɔbɔ vovovo wo le Germany dukɔa kple sukuawo me yi ke wɔe be wova zu Ghana sukuviwo ƒe habɔbɔ le Germany dukɔa me (UGSG).
Le ƒe 2009 me la, Ghanatɔ siwo le Germany dukɔa me la ƒe xexlẽme nye akpe bla ene (40,000). Le esime wo ƒe xexlẽme sia nye amesiwo ɖe asi gbalé te be yewo me ga nye Ghanatɔwo o la kple wo viwo dzidzi me evelia kple etɔ̃lia wo. Nu ŋɔŋlɔ̃ sia kuɖe Deutsche Gesellschaff fur Technische Zusammennaebeit tɔwo ƒe nu mekuku ŋu.
Ɖevi abe akpe 9,729 nye ɖevi siwo wo dzi le Germany na Ghanatɔ siwo nye srɔ̃tɔwo tso ƒe 1965 vaɖo 2006 me. Eye le ƒe 2007 la, ame akpe 20,329 woe nye Ghanavi dzidzi siwo ŋlɔ ŋkɔ le Germany eye akpe 8,194 zu Germany tɔwo. Ƒiƒiala la, Ghana le kadodo nyuitɔ me kple Germany dukɔa eye Ghana ƒe akpa aɖe le Germany dukɔa me, eyi me ame aɖewo yi ɖe suku ɖeɖe ta eye bubuwo hã be Germany dukɔa na asi yewo atso alo ɖe ƒɔmewo ƒe ɖeka wɔwɔ ta.
Mamawo
Ghanatɔ siwo le Germany dukɔa me la nɔna Germany dukɔa ƒe akpa yikɛ woyɔna be Hamburg, Berlin, kple Bremen, le akpa yikɛ woyɔna be Ruhr nutoame. Eye le akpa yikɛ woyɔna be Frankfurt la Ghanatɔwo xɔ akpa 22.7% ɖe alɔfa dzi. Akpa gãtɔ wo le Hamburg eye agbɔsɔsɔ 23.8% ɖe alɔfa dzi le akpa yikɛ woyɔna be North Rhine-Westphalia. Agbɔsɔsɔ 9.2% ɖe alɔfa dzi le Berlin. Agbɔsɔsɔ 9.8% le Germany dukɔa ƒe akpa yikɛ woyɔna be Hesse eye teƒe sia nye teƒe tsitsi aɖe si ke Ghana tɔwo nɔna ŋutɔ. Ɖe esiata la ŋukɔ sike woyɔna le Ghana be “bɔga” la ɖo tso teƒe siwo yɔ na le Germany dukɔa me la be Humburg.
Kaɖoɖowo
Le ƒe 2004 lia ƒe ɣleti adelia me la, Ghana mɔzɔ gbalé xɔ ƒe le Germany la ɖo Ghana viwo ƒe habɔbɔ gɔme anyi be woa foƒu Ghana viwo katã nu ƒu le Germany dukɔa me. Aƒɔɖeɖe gbãtɔ le ƒe 1996 la me teŋu dzedzi o. Sɔle hawo nye ƒuƒoƒo gãtɔ wo wu le Ghana eye Yesu yome dze la wo nye amesiwo sɔ gbɔ wu Ghana dukɔa me. Ghana Katoliko ha, Bethel ha, kple Presbyteria hame nye sɔle hã gá wo le Germany dukɔa me.
Nudodo da aƒe alo ga dodo da aƒe
Ghana dukɔa nye dukɔ si le nɔƒe gbãtɔ le nuxɔxɔ alo ga xɔxɔ me tso wo ɖeviwo gbɔ tso dukɔ bubuwo me. Ghana le nɔƒe ɖeka de ade dzi le wɔna siawo me. Le nugɔmeɖeɖe me alo nu me kuku ɖe fia be ghanavi dzidzi 90% ɖo na ga ɖa Ghana na woƒe ƒome tɔwo eye ɖewo hã ɖo na ga ɖa wu woƒe fetu kora gɔhá.
Ha/hadzidziwo
Tso ƒe 1970 wo me vaseɖe 1980s wo me la, hadzidzi aɖe ƒomevi va dzeɖe go si wo yɔ na le Germany kple Ghana be Burger Highlife kple funk hadzidzi atsá mɔnuwo. Ghanavi zɔmɔ yi Germany woe tɔ atsá mɔnu siawo vee.
Sukuɖeɖe le Germany
Ghanavi siwo le mɔkpɔm be yewo aɖe suku le Germany la mateŋu azã ɖaseɖigbalɛ si woyɔna be WASSCE abe alesi wò le le Ghana la ene o. Le susu sia ta elebe na ɖe suku kɔkɔ aɖe le Ghana ƒe ɖeka alo awu suku kɔkɔ aɖe nu le Ghana alo aɖe suku kɔkɔ aɖe le Germany ƒe ɖeka atsɔ awɔ dzadzra ɖo hafi ateŋu akpɔ mɔnu le Germany suku kɔkɔ wo dometɔ aɖe me abe Ghanavi. Eye ɖaseɖigbalɛ si woyɔna be HND la ƒe nusrɔsrɔ̃ tutu ɖe dzi mɔnuwo me le Germany o eyata suku nusɔsrɔ siwo anawo ɖaseɖigbalɛ si woyɔna be Batselɔ la ƒe nuwo kɔ ateŋu akpɔ mɔnu asrɔ̃.
Agbenɔnɔ le germany ƒe akpa bubuwo
Ghanatɔ siwo zɔ mɔ yi Germany abe ɖukɔ bubu me tɔwo la le be woa nɔ amedzro dzeƒe na ɣeyiyi kpui aɖe ko alo aƒle aƒe alo ahayi aƒe anɔme na xeyiyi ɖiɖi aɖe.[10] Ame aɖewo koe kpɔ mɔnu asrɔ̃ Germany gbe gbɔgblɔ eye amesiawo ƒe ɖe woe nye nesiwo kple amesiwo kpɔa lamesɛ nyawo gbɔ.[11] Ghanavi siwo kpɔ mɔnu dze woawo ŋutɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ wo gɔme abe ame bubu ɖesiaɖe ene la, le be woa ŋlɔ ŋkɔ le teƒe si wo kpɔna asitsa nyawo gbɔ le ne nye be wo le woawo ŋutɔ ƒe asinu ɖɔwowɔ.
Mariama Mamane
Mariama Mamane nye nutomeŋutinunyala kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔla tso Niger.
Mamane ye nye Jacigreen dɔwɔƒea ɖola. Exɔ nu yeyewo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ ƒe kafukafu geɖe ɖe dɔ si wòwɔ tsɔ na tɔsisiwo ƒe lãwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ nyo ɖe edzi ta.
Ðevimenɔɣi kple sukudede
Mariama Mamane dada xɔ master ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ le agbe kple anyigbaŋutinunya me.
Mamane tsi le Niger Tɔsisi to le wo de Niamey. Tso ƒe 2020 me la, ele Burkina Faso. Exɔ ɖaseɖigbalẽ le Nu gbagbe ƒomevi vovovowo kple nutomedzikpɔkpɔ me le Niamey Yunivɛsiti.
ZX Spectrum
Woyɔe le ewɔwɔ me be ZX81 Amadede kple ZX82, wodoe ɖe ŋgɔ be ZX Spectrum be woatsɔ ade dzesi mɔ̃a ƒe amadede ɖeɖefia, si to vovo tso yevu kple blɔ ƒe ɖeɖefia si do ŋgɔ nɛ, ZX81. Woɖe Spectrum ɖe go abe ƒomevi vovovo ade ene, tso gɔmedzedze ƒe ɖoɖo si me 16 KB RAM le si woɖe ɖe go le ƒe 1982 me va ɖo ZX Spectrum +3 si me 128 KB RAM le eye wotu ɖe floppy disk drive me le ƒe 1987 me; wo katã wodzra wo dometɔ siwo wu miliɔn 5 le xexeame katã (ne míexlẽ woƒe nɔnɔmetata siwo womewɔ le se nu o).
Commodore 64, Dragon 32, Oric-1, Oric Atmos, BBC Micro kple emegbe Amstrad CPC ƒe hatsotsowo nye hoʋlilawo na Spectrum le UK ƒe asi me le ƒe 1980 ƒe gɔmedzedze. Wodzudzɔ mɔ̃a zazã le se nu le ƒe 1992 me.
Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi
Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi nye Nigeriatɔ nutomeŋutinunyala, anyigbaŋutinunyala kple aɖiŋutinunyala.
Mɔzɔzɔ yi Germany
Le ƒe 50 siwo vayia, Germany dzidudua do ŋuse ame siwo di be yewoa zɔ mɔ eyi Germany. Wo wɔ esia kple susu be yewoa ɖɔ vimadzimadzi sɔgbɔkuxi ɖo le dukɔa me.
Le le ɣleti gbãtɔ ƒe ŋkeke gbãtɔ le 2015 dzia, mɔzɔzɔ tso du bubu yi du bubu me ƒe seyeye dze dɔwɔwɔ gɔme. Se sia ƒe tometsie nye, zigbãtɔa, wotɔ asi Germany dzi be woa nye dukɔ si me mɔzɔlawo alo gbetatɔwo n adze. Asi trɔtrɔ siwo wo wɔ le ɖoɖowo si dzi nazɔ hafi azɔ mɔ ayi du bubu me ava Germany menye asi trɔtrɔ vevie alo asi trɔtrɔ senu aɖeke o.
Se yeyea ʋumɔ be dɔwɔlasiwo xɔ hehe deŋugɔ kple dzɔdzɔmeŋutsinusrɔlawo nazɔ mɔ ava Germany dukɔa me, esia awoe be dɔwɔla siwo dukɔa hiã vevie la nasɔ agbɔɖedzi. Asi trɔtrɔ wowɔ le mɔzɔzɔse wo nu le Germany dukɔ mea ɖifia be agbo ʋuna dɔwɔla siwo deŋugɔ le hehexɔxɔ kple agbãle srɔ nyawo me eye wotu agbo ɖe dɔwɔla siwo me deŋugɔ le hehexɔxɔ kple agbãle srɔ nyawo me nu.
Mɔzɔzɔ yi Germany ƒe dzɔtsoƒeŋutsinya
Le World War II" megbea, sitsoƒe dzilawo milioni 12 ʋutso dusiwo nɔ Germany te yi du yeye siwo wo tso.
German Democratic Republic(GDR) tsítsitre ɖe Gastarbeiter ɖoɖoa nu. Wo ƒonu kuɖe ɖekoe wo be yewoa za amedehe siwo tso du bubu wo me hena woƒe viɖe kpɔkpɔ. Wo xɔese be amesiawo nye xɔlɔ siwo hia ne hehe be woa yi akpeɖe woƒe dukɔwo nu. Amesiawo wo tso North Vietnam, North Korea, Angola, Mozambique kple Cuba. Le Germany ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ vɔ megbe la, amesiwo le GDR te la mekpɔmɔ awɔdɔ le esea nu o. Esiata wo trɔ wo ɖoɖe wode dukɔwo me.
Wanjuhi Njoroge
Agbemeŋutinya
Wodzi Njoroge le ƒe 1989 me eye wòtsi le kabaru, si nye kɔƒe aɖe si le Nyeri kɔmiti me le Kenya. Esrɔ̃ Hadomegbenɔnɔ kple Kadodoŋutinunya le Nairobi Yunivɛsiti, eye wòwu Asitsanyawo Ŋuti Nyatakakamɔnu nu le Strathmore Yunivɛsiti.
Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (1 April 1755, Belley, Ain – 2 February 1826, Paris) nye Franse senyala kple dunyahela, eye wòxɔ ŋkɔ abe epicure kple gastronome ene: "Grimod kple Brillat-Savarin. Le wo dome la, agbalẽŋlɔla eve ɖo anyi nyuie." nuɖuɖu ŋuti nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe ƒomevi bliboa.
Agbemeŋutinya
Etrɔ yi France le Agbalẽdzraɖoƒea te le ƒe 1797 me eye wòxɔ ʋɔnudrɔ̃la ƒe ɖoƒe si wòanɔ ɣemaɣi le eƒe agbemeŋkekewo katã me, abe ʋɔnudrɔ̃la ene le Ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe si Kpɔa Nyawo Gbɔ. Eta agbalẽ geɖe siwo ƒo nu tso senyawo kple dunyahehe me ganyawo ŋu. Ekpɔtɔ nye srɔ̃maɖemaɖe, gake ebu lɔlɔ̃ be enye sidzenu adelia: eƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ si nye Physiognomie.na eƒe tɔɖiayɔvi dzetugbe Juliette Récamier xlẽ
"Aƒenɔ, xɔ ame tsitsi aɖe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dɔmenyotɔe eye nàxlẽe vividoɖeameŋutɔe. Enye xɔlɔ̃wɔwɔ si dze egɔme tso wò ɖevime ke ƒe bubudede eŋu, eye, ɖewohĩ, bubudede seselelãme si fa wu ŋu...Aleke mawɔ anya? Le nye ƒexɔxɔ me." ŋutsu megaƒonɛ be yeabia gbe eƒe dzi o." "La Physiologie du Goût" ("Vivinu ƒe Lãmesẽŋutinunya") si Franseawo ƒe nuɖuɖuŋutinunyala.Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (ƒe 1755-1826) ŋlɔ ƒe tanya si dzi agbalẽŋlɔla la ƒe nɔnɔmetata le.
ƒe 1848 ƒe tata.
Wota eƒe agbalẽ xɔŋkɔ si nye Physiologie du goût (Nuvivinu ƒe Lãmesẽŋutinunya) le December 1825 me, si nye ɣleti eve do ŋgɔ na eƒe ku. Tanya bliboae nye Physiologie du Goût, si nye Nuɖuɖu Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒe; ouvrage théorique, ŋutinya kple à l'ordre du jour, dédié aux Nuɖuɖuŋutinunya parisiens, par un Nufialagã, membre de plusieurs sociétés littéraires kple savantes." Agbalẽa mewu enu tso esime wòdo zi gbãtɔ o, do ŋgɔ teti na Brillat-Savarin ƒe ku.Eƒe Eŋlisigbe me gɔmeɖeɖe si ɖe dzesi wue nye esi nuɖuɖu ŋuti nuŋlɔla kple ɖeklemiɖela M. F. K. Fisher wɔ, amesi de dzesii be "Mebua ɖokuinye be woyrae le gbegɔmeɖelawo dome." Wota eƒe gɔmeɖeɖea zi gbãtɔ le ƒe 1949. Epicurus ƒe xexemenunya le axa ɖesiaɖe ƒe megbe, nuɖuɖu bɔbɔetɔ kekeake naa Brillat-Savarin ƒe dzi dzea eme, zi alesi wotsɔ aɖaŋu wɔe ko:
Wᴐ dᴐ ɖe nu dzi
Kakaɖedzitɔe la, lã ɖulawo medaa ami gbeɖe o (bu amegãxiwo, akpɔkplɔwo, xevi siwo ɖua nu, akpɔkplɔwo, kple bubuawo ŋu kpɔ). Lã siwo ɖua gbewo metsina bɔbɔe o, vaseɖe esime ƒexɔxɔ na wozu dɔmawɔmawɔ ƒe nɔnɔme ya teti; gake wodaa ami kabakaba ŋutɔ ne wodze mɔli, nuku, alo wɔ ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe ɖuɖu gɔme ko. ... Nu vevitɔ siwo hea lolo akpa vɛ dometɔ eveliae nye wɔ kple starch-nu siwo amegbetɔ wɔna be woanye nu vevitɔwo le eƒe gbesiagbe nunyiame me. Abe alesi míegblɔe xoxo ene la, lã siwo katã nɔa agbe ɖe nuɖuɖu siwo me ami le dzi la, wodaa ami le woƒe lɔlɔ̃nu faa; eye amegbetɔ hã mele xexeame katã ƒe sea me o. Brillat-Savarin, Jean-Anhelme (ƒe 1970) ƒe agbalẽa me. Vivi ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya. gɔmeɖeɖe. Anne Drayton ƒe agbalẽa. Penguin ƒe Agbalẽwo. axa 208-209. ISBN 978-0-14-044614-2 ƒe xexlẽdzesi.
ƒe 1848 ƒe tata.
Ame mawo siwo nuɖuɖu ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie le, alo amesiwo mu aha la menya nuɖuɖu kple nunono ƒe gɔmeɖose vavãwo kura o.
Wᴐ dᴐ ɖe nu dzi
Eneas Sweetland Dallas ŋlɔ Kettner ƒe Book of the Table, a Manual of Cookery, 1877, si nye nuɖuɖu ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi si wotu ɖe Brillat-Savarin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Dallas ta eƒe agbalẽa le ŋkɔ bubu si nye A. Kettner te.
Wotsɔ ŋkɔ na Brillat-Savarin cheese, Savarin-mɔ̃, asigɛ-kplu si ƒe nɔnɔme le goglo, kple Gâteau Savarin tsɔ de bubu eŋu.
Nyatotowo
Etsɔ nuɖuɖu ƒe vivisese vɔ megbe, si nye nuɖuɖu ƒe ʋeʋẽ lilili alo ʋeʋẽ lilili sɔ kple hadzidzi ƒe ŋusẽdoamenuwo (Meditation ii): "gake le ʋeʋẽ si wosena le nu ƒe megbe gome la, vivisese ƒe seselelãme anye nusi mebɔ o eye mede blibo o."
Wᴐ dᴐ ɖe nu dzi
Wobua Brillat-Savarin zi geɖe be eyae nye nuɖuɖu si me carbohydrate mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o fofo. Ebu sukli kple wɔ ɣi be wonye nusiwo gbɔ lolo akpa eye wòdo susu ɖa be woatsɔ nusiwo me protein sɔ gbɔ ɖo boŋ.
Nyatotowo
Brillat-Savarin si lɔ̃a cheese vevie la de dzesii be: “Nuɖuɖu vivi si me cheese mele o le abe nyɔnu dzetugbe si ƒe ŋku ɖeka koe le ene.”
"Nuɖuɖu yeye aɖe si ŋu woke ɖo naa dzidzɔ geɖe ameƒomea, wu ɣletivi yeye aɖe si ŋu woke ɖo."
"Gblɔ nusi nèɖuna nam, eye magblɔ nusi nènye na wò."
"Wotsɔ weintsetse aɖewo na ŋutsu aɖe si lɔ̃a wein le nuɖuɖu vivi aɖe me le fiẽnuɖuɖu vɔ megbe. Egblɔ be: 'Enye agbanɔamedzi gã aɖe,' esi wòtutu agbaa ɖe vovo, 'Menye numame nam be mano nye wein le atikekuiwo me o.'"
"Be nàxɔ amedzrowo la, enye be nàxɔ woƒe dzidzɔkpɔkpɔ le ɣeyiɣi bliboa si me wole wò xɔta te.'"
"Nuɖaɖa nye aɖaŋu xoxotɔwo dometɔ ɖeka eye wònye esi na míewɔ subɔsubɔdɔ vevitɔ kekeake le dukɔmeviwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ me."
"Kplɔ̃a ƒe vivisese nye ƒe ɖesiaɖe tɔ, nɔnɔme ɖesiaɖe tɔ, dukɔwo katã tɔ, kple nuto ɖesiaɖe tɔ; etsaka kple vivisese bubuwo katã, eye wòtsia anyi mlɔeba be wòafa akɔ na mí ɖe woƒe dzodzo ta.
Kristotɔwo ƒe Dutanyanyuigblɔlawo ƒe Ameɖibɔ Gbãtɔ si le Nigeria
Kristotɔwo ƒe Dutanyanyuigblɔlawo ƒe Ameɖibɔ Gbãtɔ si le Nigeria, si wogayɔna be Kristotɔ Gbãtɔwo ƒe Dutanyanyuigblɔlawo ƒe Tsiẽƒe le Badagry, nye ameɖibɔ si me woɖi ƒe alafa 19 lia kple 20 lia me Europa Kristotɔ Dutanyanyuigblɔla siwo ku le Badagry dugã me kple eƒe nutowo me. Ameɖiƒea le dua ƒe Kɔdzi Mɔdodo Gã la to. Eƒe Plus Code ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo le Google Maps dzi enye CV7Q+CPR, 103101, Badagry, Nigeria. Nuŋlɔɖi aɖewo gblɔ be woɖi dutanyanyuigblɔla siwo wu 200 le afisia. Wotu kpe xɔasi aɖe tsɔ ɖo ŋku dutanyanyuigblɔla kukuawo dzi. Egbea la, ameɖibɔa nye ŋutinya me teƒe siwo hea tsaɖilawo vaa Badagry dugã me la dometɔ ɖeka.
Nyadzɔdzɔ
Europatɔ bubuwo hã nɔ anyi siwo togbɔ be womenye dutanyanyuigblɔlawo o hã la, woɖi wo ɖe ameɖibɔ sia me. Kpɔɖeŋu aɖee nye Aƒetɔ George Brand, si nye Britaintɔwo ƒe Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpe le Lagos si nɔ anyi le dutanyigbadziɖuɖua me si ku le dɔdzẽ kple dzoxɔxɔ ta le June 16, 1860 dzi. Woɖi Afrika dutanyanyuigblɔla aɖewo hã ɖe afima, abe Aƒetɔ Edward Philips, si nye Sierra Leoniatɔ mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe nufiala aɖe si asrãdɔ ku le March 13, 1847. Aƒetɔ Mark Willoughby, si nye Gollmer ƒe Sierra Leoniagbe me gbegɔmeɖela, si ku le May 9, 1847 dzi hã nɔ anyi. ƒe 1850 me, le dɔléle aɖe si nɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe. Le ƒe bla nane siwo va yi nyitsɔ laa me la, woɖi Nigeriatɔwo ƒe ɣeyiɣia me nunɔla ʋɛ aɖewo, vevietɔ Anglikan kple Methodist subɔsubɔha la hã ɖe ameɖibɔ sia me. Katolikotɔwo ƒe Dutanyanyuigblɔlawo kple eƒe Afrika Dutanyanyuigblɔlawo ƒe Habɔbɔ si le dua me la ƒe ameɖiƒe ɖe vovo le Topo Ƒukpo dzi afisi woƒe dɔdasi ƒe akpa gãtɔ nɔ te ɖo.
Maribor
Maribor nye du gãtɔ evelia le Slovenia eye wònye du gãtɔ kekeake le Lower Styria nuto si me wowɔa kɔnu le la me. Enye Maribor Dua ƒe Dudzikpɔƒe hã ƒe nɔƒe. Maribor nye Slovenia ƒe ɣedzeƒe gome ƒe ganyawo, dɔdzikpɔkpɔ, sukudede kple dekɔnuwo hã ƒe teƒe.
Abe Sloveniatɔwo ƒe to vovovo me tɔwo ƒe anyigbamama akpa gãtɔ ene la, Maribor nɔ Habsburgtɔwo ƒe dziɖuɖu te vaseɖe ƒe 1918 me, esime Rudolf Master kple eƒe amewo kpɔ dua ta na Slovenia, Croatia kple Serbia Dukɔa, si va kpe ɖe Serbia Fiaɖuƒea ŋu emegbe tsɔ wɔ Yugoslavia Fiaɖuƒea. Le ƒe 1991 me la, Maribor va zu Slovenia si nɔ eɖokui si la ƒe akpa aɖe.
Wotia Maribor, kpakple Portugaltɔwo ƒe du si nye Guimarães, be wòanye Europa ƒe Dekɔnuwo ƒe Fiadu le ƒe 2012 me.
Nyawira A. Muthiga
Nyawira A. Muthiga nye Kenyatɔ lãwo takpɔkpɔ ŋuti nunyala si nye Ƒudziɖoɖowo Dzikpɔla na Ɣetoɖoƒe India Ƒudzi Ƒumelãwo Ŋuti Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Habɔbɔ si le Kenya. Enye lãwo takpɔkpɔ ŋuti dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala le Gbemelãwo Takpɔha me.
Ðevimenɔɣi kple sukudede
Wodzi Muthiga le Kenya eye wòzã eƒe ɖevime ƒe akpa aɖe le Dar es Salaam. Exɔ eƒe ŋgɔyiyi ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ le Atsiaƒuŋutinunya me Nu Gbagbewo Ŋuti Nusɔsrɔ̃ me le United States. Ewu eƒe master ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ nu le Florida Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti, afisi wòsrɔ̃ nu tso ŋusẽ si dze kpɔna ɖe Siderastrea siderea ƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ŋu le. Muthiga trɔ yi Kenya hena eƒe ɖɔkta ƒe numekuku, afisi wòva ge ɖe Nairobi Yunivɛsiti. Exɔ eƒe ɖɔkta ƒe dzeside le ƒe 1996 me, kple dɔdasi aɖe si ƒe tanyae nye "Akpa si Agbe Gbãtɔ ƒe Ŋutinya Mɔnuwo Wɔna Le Ƒudzi Urchin Echinometra Mathaei (de Blainville) ƒe Amewo ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme Ŋu Le Reefs' Le Kenya". Koch, Barbier, Silliman et Reed, « Non-linearity le lãwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ƒe dɔwɔnawo me: ɣeyiɣi kple teƒe ƒe tɔtrɔ le ƒuta takpɔkpɔ me », Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol. 7, no 1, ƒe 2009, axa 10. 29–37 ƒe axa 10. Timothy McClanahan et Nyawira Muthiga, « Anyigba ƒe lolome kple tɔtrɔ le koral-ƒuta ƒe nuɖuɖu kadodo ƒe tsidzadza me », Ecology, vol. 97, no 7, 2016, ƒe axa 1862-1872.
Agbalẽwo
Hoegh-Guldberg, Mumby, Hooten kple Steneck, « Koral-ƒuwo le Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kabakaba Kple Atsiaƒu ƒe Acidification Te », Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya, babla 318, no 5857, 14 decembre 2007, Ƒe axa 1737-1742. Koch, Barbier, Silliman kple Reed, « Non-linearity le lãwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ƒe dɔwɔnawo me: ɣeyiɣi kple teƒe ƒe tɔtrɔ le ƒuta takpɔkpɔ me », Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol. 7, no 1, 2009, ƒe axa 29–37. McClanahan, Graham, MacNeil, kple Muthiga, “Dzidzenu veviwo kple taɖodzinu ŋutɔŋutɔwo na lãwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo dzi kpɔkpɔ le koral-towo me tɔƒodede me,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, babla 108, No. 41, October 11, 2011, axa 17230-17233. Nyawira A. Muthiga kple Timothy R. McClanahan, “Fiakuku”, le John M. Lawrence, Ƒumelãwo: Nu gbagbewo kple lãwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ŋuti nunya, London, Elsevier, 2013. Timothy McClanahan kple Nyawira Muthiga, « Anyigba ƒe lolome kple tɔtrɔ le koral-ƒuta ƒe nuɖuɖu kadodowo ƒe tsidzadza me », Ecology, vol. 97, no 7, 2016, ƒe axa 1862-1872. Chantal Conand kple Nyawira Muthiga, Ƒumelãwo ƒe Asitsatsa: Ɣetoɖoƒe India Ƒua ƒe Totoɖeme, WIOMSA ƒe Agbalẽ siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo, 2007, axa 66.
Yoga
Gɔmeseseŋutinunya
Le Shankara ƒe vedanta ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi (le bubuawo dome) te la, woagaɖe ke sia gɔme le gɔmesese si nye "ɖekawɔwɔ" si le atman kple brahman dome nu, evɔ le Yoga-sutra si me wowɔa nu eve le ƒe ɣeyiɣia me la, etsi tre ɖe ɖekamawɔmawɔ ŋu, si nye gbɔgbɔ me monad (purusha) si wòle be wòaɖe eɖokui ɖa keŋkeŋ tso xexeame2.
Nukae nye yoga-wɔla ?
Le Hindutɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu nu la, yogi (Sanskritgbe me IAST: yogī) alo yogin (le nyɔnugbe me la, yogini) nye asrafo si wɔa yoga si ate ŋu anye samnyâsin, sādhu alo guru. Nya la mefia dɔ aɖe o ke boŋ gbɔgbɔ me ɖokuitsɔtsɔna ƒomevi aɖee; wozãnɛ hã le Buddha-subɔsubɔ me16 tsɔ fiaa amesi tsɔ eɖokui na ɖe susu ƒe hehexɔxɔ ŋu17.
yoga ƒe nyatiwo
3- āsana: be woatsi tre le mɔ si li ke nu; Patañjali meƒoa nu tso nɔnɔme aɖe koŋ ŋu le ɣeyiɣi aɖeke me o, ne enɔ anyi alo le tsitrenu hã.
5- pratyāhāra: alesi woama seselelãme ƒe nukpɔsusu kple nusi wosusu la nyanya.
4- Prāṇāyāma: gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe ƒe dzesidede; Patañjali megblɔ Prāṇāyāma aɖeke tsitotsito o, eye meƒo nu tso gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe ŋu gbeɖe o.
Ta I, Le ɖekawɔwɔ ŋu25: Samādhi pāda.
Anga (afɔ) atɔ̃ siawoe nye hatha-yoga ƒe gɔmedzenu veviwo.
Ta III, Ŋusẽwo: Vibhūti pāda.
Sutra gbãtɔ si nye “Eye fifia yoga ƒe nufiafiae nye esi”26 la gɔmeɖeɖe le numeɖelawo gbɔ be efia aƒetɔ-nusrɔ̃la ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔ si me wotsɔa dɔlékuiwo kaka ɖo. ta sia ɖe yoga ƒe taɖodzinu me enumake27 si menye nusi mewɔ nuku na Ɣetoɖoƒetɔ siwo zu numame na be wonya âsana (nɔnɔmewo) ɖeɖeko o: le Patañjali gome la, enye susu ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe nutsitsi28 si doa fukpekpe kple tɔtɔ si le ego si woxɔ na Ameɖokui la me29. Emegbe efia mɔxenuwo kple mɔ siwo dzi woato aɖu wo dzi: mlɔeba la, etsɔ kpɔɖeŋu aɖe ɖo ŋkume, eye wòɖɔ samadhi ƒe akpa vovovoawo.
Dzɔtsoƒe kple eƒe gɔmedzedze
Ke hã, le Paninetɔwo ƒe nyagbɔgblɔ ƒe kewo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo, dhatu-patha, ke bubu YUJ, si gɔmee nye "gbɔɖeme" (samadhi) me la, esiae nye esi numeɖela Vyasa2 lé ɖe asi. Abe alesi Yoga-sutra ƒe gɔmesese ɖo kpe edzi ene la: “yoga nye susu ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe tɔtrɔ (gbɔɖeme)”13.
yoga ƒe nyatiwo
Ang etɔ̃ mamlɛawo ŋuti numeɖeɖe:
Gɔmeseseŋutinunya
Sanskritgbe me ke YUJ- gɔmee nye “be woawɔ nu ɖekae, awɔ ɖeka1” alo “woaɖi ɖe eme, woadzudzɔ2” gɔ̃ hã. Gɔmesese siwo gbɔna le nya “yoga” ŋu le bubuwo dome (gɔmesese ƒe akpaa keke ŋutɔ) le Sanskritgbe me: “1) nuwɔna si me wozãa nu le; 2) mɔnu si wozãna tsɔ naa hehe sɔwo; 3) mɔfiamewo le zazã ŋu, aɖaŋu; 4) gbɔgbɔ me amehehe; 5) raja-yoga ƒe nuwɔna; 6) hatha yoga ƒe yoga; 7) ɖekawɔwɔ alo ɖekawɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme si me ame si le susu me kple ame kɔkɔtɔ le (le Shrî Aurobindo ƒe nya nu)”14.
yoga ƒe nyatiwo
Ta sia klo nu le nusiwo hea fukpekpe vɛ dzi eye wòdo vovototodedeameme ɖa be wòanye mɔ si dzi woato ado le eme. Be woatu vovototodedeameme ɖo la, Ashtanga yoga ƒe mɔ enyiawo dzi wɔwɔ le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me nyea yoga-wɔwɔ ƒe gɔmeɖoanyiwo.
2- niyama: amehehe eye nàdzidze ɖokuiwò le gbesiagbe nuwɔna me.
Dzɔtsoƒe kple eƒe gɔmedzedze
Le gbeŋutise nu la, nya "yoga" (devānagarī: योग) nye, le Sanskritgbe me la, ŋutsu ƒe ŋkɔnya si wotu to tanya ƒe ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi -a 10 tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe ke YUJ-. ŋu le dzidzenu bliboa me (si woyɔna hã be guṇa degree), ena tanya si nye nuwɔna ƒe ŋkɔnya si wozãna zi geɖe le ŋutsuwo me. Ne wotsɔe yi dzidzenu guṇa gbɔ la, ke YUJ- zua YOJ-. Sanskritgbe me gbeɖiɖisewo bia be woayɔ, le go aɖewo me, gbeɖiɖi si nye aɖuɖɔ j- le afisi gbeɖiɖi si le aɖuɖɔtoe g-11 la le.
Wokpɔ nya yoga le Rig-Veda, si ƒe wɔwɔme dze egɔme tso ƒe alafa 15 lia D.M.Ŋ. J.-C. kple ƒe alafa ewolia D.M.Ŋ. Ke hã, womezãnɛ le gbɔgbɔmehehe ƒe gɔmesese nu o, ke boŋ le gɔmesese bubuwo nu, abe tasiaɖam, kple bubuawo ene, togbɔ be ame aɖewo, abe Tara Michaël ene, gbugbɔ ɖe nya siawo gɔme le gɔmesese sia nu8. Upanishad aɖewo siwo le nuwuwu, abe Shvetashvatara-upanishad ene me koe woƒo nu tsoe9. Ƒe alafa 2 lia D.M.Ŋ. J.-C.
Yoga wɔwɔ
Yoga (Sanskritgbe me devanāgarī: योग; “ɖekawɔwɔ, kɔkuti, mɔnu1”, “gbɔɖeme2”) nye Indiatɔwo ƒe āstika xexemenunya ƒe suku ade siwo nye orthodox3 siwo ƒe taɖodzinue nye ablɔɖe (moksha) la dometɔ ɖeka. Enye amehehe alo nuwɔna si bɔ ɖe ɣeyiɣi kple ɣeyiɣi vovovowo me, si ƒe taɖodzinue nye, to ŋugbledede, asrafodɔ kple ŋutilã ƒe kamedede me, be yeaɖo amegbetɔ ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ gbɔ le eƒe ŋutilã, susu kple gbɔgbɔme4 ƒe akpawo me.
Yoga ƒe kɔnyinyimɔ vevi ene (mārga) enye jnana yoga, bhakti yoga, karma yoga kple raja yoga. Woɖe wo me le nuŋlɔɖiwo abe Bhagavad-Gita ene me. Ƒe alafa 2 lia D.M.Ŋ. J.-C. kple ƒe alafa 5 lia si woŋlɔ yoga ƒe xexemenunya ɖe ɖoɖo nu le Yoga-sûtra me, nuŋlɔɖi si ŋu woƒo nu tsoe si wogblɔ be Patañjali ye ŋlɔe, kple nufiafia siwo katã li la ƒe ƒuƒoƒo5.
Gɔmeseseŋutinunya
Eyata gɔmesese si le nya "yoga" ŋu keke ta ŋutɔ le India, eye menye kamedefefe alo ŋugbledede gɔ̃ hã koe wònye o: le nyadzɔdzɔŋlɔla Marie Kock, si ŋlɔ numekuku aɖe si ku ɖe yoga ƒe ŋutinya ŋu ƒe nya nu la, "Kakaɖedzitɔe la, nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo dzɔ le nya “yoga” si le ƒe akpe geɖe ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo me. Gake gɔmesese ɖeka menɔ eŋu kura o, efia aʋawɔwɔ ƒe agbenyuinɔnɔ le afisia, mɔ aɖe si dzi woato abla sɔwo le afima, le teƒe bubuwo la, enye nuwɔna ƒomevi aɖe.
Francisca Oboh-Ikuenobe
Francisca Oboh-Ikuenobe nye anyigbaŋutinunyala tso Ubiaja le Esan South East Nutome Dziɖuɖu Nutome le Edo State. Wodzii le August 1962. Ebi ɖe palynology kple sedimentology me, eye ​​wònye Anyigbaŋutinunya Nufialagã le Anyigbaŋutinunya kple Anyigbaŋutinunya kple Amiŋutinunya ƒe Dɔwɔƒe, kple Sukunyawo ƒe Tatɔ ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ le Mɔ̃ɖaŋuŋutinunya kple Kɔmpiutaŋutinunya ƒe Kɔledzi, Missouri Yunivɛsiti Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya kple Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ŋuti nunya.
Sukudede kple dɔwɔwɔ le gɔmedzedzea me
Oboh-Ikuenobe de St. Maria Goretti Nyɔnuviwo ƒe Gbeŋutise Suku Benin-dugã me, Nigeria. Exɔ BSc gbãtɔ le anyigbaŋutinunya me le ƒe 1983 me, emegbe ewɔ dɔ abe anyigbaŋutinunyala si wɔa nu le Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria le Lagos, kple palynologist le Shell le woƒe anyigbaŋutinunya ƒe nudokpɔƒe le Warri Delta State, hafi trɔ yi sukunuwuwu ƒe suku nɛ MSc le anyigbaŋutinunya si wozãna me le ƒe 1987 me, tso Ife Nigeria Yunivɛsiti (si nye Obafemi Awolowo Yunivɛsiti fifia). Le esia megbe la, exɔ ɖoƒe abe nufiala ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ ene le Ife Yunivɛsiti. Wotsɔ Commonwealth Scholarship Commission Award nɛ ɖe eƒe ɖɔkta ƒe dzeside le Anyigbaŋutinunya Dɔwɔƒe, Cambridge Yunivɛsiti (New Hall, si nye Murray Edwards College fifia), si wonae le ƒe 1991 me kple eƒe dɔdasi si nye ‘Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction of the E2.0 Reservoir in the Kolo Creek Agble, Niger-ƒuta (Nigeria)'. Ege ɖe Missouri S&T, si nye Anyigbaŋutinunya kple Anyigbaŋutinunya Dɔwɔƒe ɣemaɣi le ƒe 1991 me abe nufialagã ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ le anyigbaŋutinunya me ene.
Numekuku
Eƒe numekukuwo dze le palynology kple sedimentology ƒe hatsotsowo me, eye gbãtɔa lɔ numekuku tso pollen kple palynomorphs bubuwo ŋu le sediments kple sedimentary kpewo me abe biostratigraphic, palaeoecological kple palaeoclimatic reconstructions teƒenɔla ene. Etsɔa palynofacies hã tsakana kple organic geochemistry.