cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
অপাৰেচন চাৰ্চলাইট
Jessore
Pakistani reinforcements began arriving from Dhaka via C-130 planes and helicopters from April 2. Jessore Airfield was inside the cantonment area and Pakistani troops maintained control of both throughout the operation. A Pakistani column moved towards Kushtia, but was ambushed on April 3 and driven back, although Pakistanis took up positions in the Bihari colony in the city suburbs the same day. The Pakistanis made several unsuccessful attempts on April 5 to move towards Jhenida. On April 6, the Pakistan army simultaneously attacked all Bengali position near Jessore and recaptured the city. A Pakistani column moving towards Jhenida was ambushed and driven back on April 7. Bengali troops regrouped at Narail and moved towards Jessore, but were scattered by Pakistani air attacks on April 9. On 11 April several Pakistani army columns left Jessore, one heading for Jhenida, one towards Khulna, and one towards Benapol. Pakistani 57th Brigade crossed over from Rajshahi and began attacking Kushtia. By the last week of April, Bengali resistance had been driven across the border by the converging attacks of the 57th and 10th brigade.
Khulna
Pakistan army Khulna detachment had the following objectives:
Pakistani forces: The 22nd Frontier Force regiment (75% strength-CO Lt. Col. Shams) was posted in Khulna, attached to the 107th brigade. Non Bengali EPR troops from EPR 5 wing.
Bengali forces: 5th EPR wing (4 companies) was HQed at Khulna. The Wing did not have any Bengali officers attached to it. One company was posted in Khulna itself, while the others were posted at Satkhira, Kaliganj and Kalaroa, to the south-east and north-west of Khulna. 2 platoons were posted in the sector HQ at Jessore. There were a number of police in the city as well.
Course of events: Pakistani forces maintained their positions throughout the operation, and had arrested the Bengali EPR personnel in Khulna on 25 March. Some of the political leaders had also been arrested. There were sporadic clashes in the city, but by March 28, Khulna was under firm Pakistani control. A Pakistani troop column from Jessore had reached the city after brushing aside two clumsy ambushes by a mixed force of volunteers and police on March 28. Operation Searchlight had anticipated Jessore garrison reinforcing Khulna, but ironically the Khulna detachment was requested to provide reinforcements for Jessore.
March 28- April 10: Khulna cut-off
EPR forces outside the city learned of the crackdown on March 26 and revolted. Many of the captured EPR personnel managed to escape from Khulna and joined their compatriots. One company from Kaliganj joined the EPR 4 wing, while the other 3 took positions on the Khulna - Jessore highway. EPR troops ambushed a Pakistani column heading for Jessore on March 30, a few individuals managed to reach Jessore. On April 4, Bengali fighters from Barisal launched an unsuccessful attack on the Khulna Radio station located outside the city. Khulna garrison remained isolated until the end of April.
Kushtia
Pakistani objectives were to secure the town, establish a presence and take control of the telephone exchange.
Pakistani forces: A company from the 27th Baluch.
Bengali forces: EPR 4 wing (5 companies, CO Major Abu Osman Chowdhury – Bengali), part of EPR sector #3, was HQed at Chuadanga, about 10 miles west of Kushtia. It had 1 company in the HQ, while others were posted to the west at Pryagpur, Bodyanathtala, Dhopkhali and Jadobpur on the border. Kushtia police line housed a substantial police contingent. This wing had the full complement of anti tank weapons and mortars in addition to the usual infantry weapons. Police and Bengali volunteers also joined the EPR after the Pakistani crackdown.
Course of events: 27th Baluch company moved to Kushtia, which is about 54 miles north from Jessore and sits on the Rajshahi - Jessore highway, around 11:30 PM on March 25 in 13 vehicles from Jessore cantonment. They first took control of the Police lines and disarmed 500 police personnel. The CO then spread out his forces and set up outposts at the Town Police HQ, VHF Radio Station, Telephone exchange and District school, and disabled the phone and telegraph lines. By 26 March 6 AM a curfew imposed and the town was calm for the next 48 hours. Some of the police managed to escape on March 28 and join the EPR at Chuadanga.
Bengali resistance forms up
Pakistani troops from Jessore made probing attacks near the border from Jessore but did not push on after meeting resistance near Courtchadpur on March 27. All EPR troops at the border were ordered to Chuadanga on the same day, while Major Osman sent a letter to Lt. Col. Jalil (CO 1 EBR – Bengali), then at Chaugacha with his battalion, informing him of the Pakistani crackdown and requesting him to take command. He sent a messenger to Col. Jalil the following day, Col Jalil dismissed his suggestion as insane babbling and warned not to bother him again. All EPR companies assembled at Chuadanga on March 28. Major Osman had gathered a force containing 600 EPR troops and 400 mixed volunteers, and deployed to attack Kushtia. A mixed group of 200 troops were kept at Kushtia, another similar group under Jhenida SDP Mahbubuddin took position near Kaliganj south of Jhenida. 2 EPR Platoons were sent to Courtchandpur while a company was posted at Jhenida. Captain AR Chowdhury led a company directly from Chuadanga to Kushtia, while another company advanced from Pryagpur towards Kushtia.
Assault on Kushtia
Major Shoaib was warned of the coming Bengali attack by the local police but his forces failed to take it seriously, they did not bother to entrench themselves. Captain Chowdhury planned to attack Kushtia from 3 directions. A EPR company was to attack the District force from the south-east, while another struck the radio station from the east. The main group, reinforced by 2 mixed companies, would attack the Police line. About 5,000 civilians were to raise as much noise as possible to confuse the Pakistanis. Bengali forces began shelling Pakistani positions and skirmishing around 3:45 PM on March 29. Around 4:00 AM on March 30 the Bengalis struck all Pakistani positions simultaneously after a mortar barrage, preventing the Pakistanis from reinforcing each other.
The force attacking the police line took over an adjacent three-storey building and sprayed the Pakistanis with bullets, a Pakistani troop section tried to hit the building with Recoilless rifles around 1:30 PM but were cut down. Around 5 PM Pakistani survivors retreated to the company HQ after losing 20 men. Pakistanis at the Radio station and Telephone exchange also retreated to the company HQ at the District School. Bengali assault on the school was repulsed and sporadic fighting continued throughout the night. Major Shoaib had requested reinforcements and air support via Radio from Jessore, both requests were denied. Pakistani forces held out the following day, then 65 survivors tried to escape in a 3 ton truck, one dodge and 6 jeeps after dusk. This convoy was ambushed 25 kilometers south of Kushtia, losing 2 jeeps and the dodge. The survivors scattered in the countryside, Bengali mobs killed all but 2 Pakistani soldiers. Lt. Ataullah Shah and another were rescued by the EPR, given medical treatment and surrendered to the Indian authorities. Kusthia would remain under Bengali control until April 16.
Rajshahi
The objectives allocated for the Pakistani garrison in Rajshahi were:
Pakistani forces: The 25th Punjab regiment (CO: Lt. Col. Shafqat Baluch) minus 1 company, attached to the 23rd brigade. Pakistani EPR troops from EPR sector HQ.
Bengali forces: EPR sector no 4 was HQed in Rahshaji and contained no Bengali officers, and about a company of EPR troops were at the sector HQ in Rajshahi. EPR wing no 6 (4 companies, HQ Nawabganj to the west of Rajshahi) and No 7 Wing (5 companies, HQ Naogaon, CO: Nazmul Huq – Bengali) was attached to the Rajshshi sector. No. 6 Wing had no Bengali officers and its companies were at the Wing HQ, and on the Indian border at Charghat, Godagari and Mankosha. No. 7 wing companies were at the Wing HQ and on the Indian border between Panchbibi and Rohanpur. Police and Bengali volunteers were also present in Rajshahi. Pakistani officers had posted non Bengali personnel at the Sector HQ kotes and communication center during the second week of March.
Course of events: The CO of 25 Punjab, Lt. Col. S. Baluch was away and joined his unit on 25 March. As per the plan, he sent a company to Pabna, a town to the east of Rajshahi sitting on the vital road link to Dhaka, on the same day to establish Pakistani presence. Pakistan troops began patrolling Rajshahi from March 25, and the situation was normal, if tense the following day. Bengali police had dug bunkers expecting an attack, but nothing happened. EPR 6 Wing troops at Nawabgaung did not face anything unusual during March 25–26. The situation at Naogaon was different. Bengali troops at Rohanpur had clashed with Pakistani troops on March 23, and on March 26 soldiers at Naogaon revolted after receiving news of the countrywide Pakistani crackdown. The Bengali troops managed to imprison all Pakistani personnel while they were at dinner. Major Nazmul Huq joined his troops and began assembling the wing companies at Naogaon.
Situation explodes: March 27
25th Punjab took defensive positions near the Rajshshi police line and EPR HQ on March 27. Although a truce was negotiated between the police and Pakistani army, an attack was launched on the police lines after 12:00 PM, which fell after a 3 hour battle. Rajshahi police had contacted the EPR at Naogaon prior to the Pakistani attack, but received no help as EPR troops could not cover the 60 mile distance in time. But as the news of this Pakistani attack alerted the Bengali EPR soldiers, and they began to take measures. Pakistani EPR troops relocated to the cantonment the same day with most of the arms from the sector HQ, while some took position at the circuit house. Warned by the non Bengali sector adjutant Captain Ishaq, some Bengali EPR troops revolted, armed themselves, and sporadic clashes took place after dark which led to nothing. Bengali EPR personnel left Rajshahi the following day. The situation during March 28 – April 2 was uneventful except for thousands of civilians leaving the city to escape Pakistani retribution and prosecution.
Pakistani EPR troops suddenly attacked Bengali troops at Nawabgaung on the same day, but were forced to surrender after a 3 hour battle. The 6 wing soldiers contacted Major Nazmul Huq at Naogaon and also joined the revolt.
Escalation of hostilities: March 28 - March 29
The 25 Punjab company in Pabna was deployed in small detachments around the town. A mixed force of Bengali EPR, police and volunteers attacked the company on March 27, and which caused casualties on both sides (including the company CO Captain Asghar and Lt. Rashid, 3 JCOs and 80 Pakistani troops). After a botched Heli evacuation attempt, Major Aslam led 2 platoons from Rajshai to Pabna on March 28 and extricated the survivors. This column was ambushed near Ishardi on March 29 by a Bengali force under Captain Rashid, lost 40 soldiers including Major Aslam, and only 18 soldiers ultimately reached Rajshahi after 3 days.
The 23rd Field company in Bogura was deployed in 2 groups, one guarding the ammunition dump while the other patrolling the town without incident during March 25 – March 29. Attempts to reinforce this group from Rangpur had not succeeded. A Bengali EPR company under Captain Gias moved to Bogura, 35 miles from Naogaun on March 28 morning, reaching the place in the evening. With the aid of 200 armed police and several hundred civilian volunteers, a Pakistani patrol was ambushed on March 29, and surviving Pakistanis fled to Rangpur. Captain Gias left Bogura the following day. Local Bengali fighters attacked the ammunition dump on April 1, put surviving Pakistani troops in jail and freed the town.
Ring around Rajshahi
After securing Pabna and Bogura, Major Nazmul Huq focused on Rajshahi, around which Bengali fighters had been gathering since March 28. After keeping a small reserve at Naogaon, Major Nazmul Huq concentrated a mixed force of EPR, Police and volunteers around Rajshahi by April 1. Captain Gias commanded a mixed force of almost 1,000 fighters from Nawabgaung while Captain Rashid led another 1,000 from Panba to Rajshahi. Sporadic clashes with Pakistanis started on the following day. A three pronged attack was launched on the town, with Captain Gias attacking from the south, Captain Rashid from the east and another group from the northwest on April 4. After a fierce 4 hour battle causing severe casualties on both sides, Pakistani forces left the town and took up a strong defensive position around the cantonment at Sapura, using minefields and barbed wire to beef up the place. Between April 1 - April 5, the PAF had launched airstrikes to little effect on Rajshahi. Bengali fighters launched several attacks on the cantonment between April 6 - April 10, and although the Pakistanis were ultimately confined in an area only 800 yards square, the Punjab regiment managed to survive. Rajshahi town remained free until April 15. On April 10, 3 EPR companies took position to block the Pakistani 57th infantry brigade at Nagarbari. Pakistani forces softened the position by airstrikes on April 10, a launch borne forced probed it the following day. At night Pakistani assault force crossed the Jamuna River and secured the position, forcing the battered remnants of Bengali fighters to flee towards Pabna. Brig. Arbab began cleaving a path of terror and destruction as he headed for Rajshahi with the 57th brigade.
Rangpur-Saidpur
Pakistani Army objectives for Rangpur were:
Pakistani forces: The 23rd brigade (CO Brig. Abdullah Malik Khan – W. Pakistani) was HQed at Rangpur. 23 Field Artillery regiment (CO Lt. Col. Shaffi -Pakistani) and the 26th Frontier Force (CO Lt Col. Hakeem A. Qureshi – Pakistani) was at Saidpur. A company from the 23rd Field was in Bogra and another company from the 26th FF was based at the Dinajpur Circuit house. 29th Cavalry (55 tanks, 50% Bengali personnel, CO Lt Col. Sagir Hissain Syed- Pakistani), the only tank regiment in East Pakistan was at Rangpur, along with the brigade signals, engineers and the 10th Field Ambulance (CO Lt. Col. Masud – W. Pakistani). The 25th Punjab was at Rajshahi.
Bengali forces: 3 EBR (CO Lt. Col Fazal Karim- Pakistani) was at Saidpur. 2 of its companies (CO Major Nizam – Bengali) were posted at Ghoraghat and one (CO Captain Shafat Hossain – Pakistani) was at Parvatipur. EPR sector no 5 (CO Lt. Col. Tareq R. Qureshi – Pakistani) was HQed at Dinajpur. This sector contained the EPR wing no 8 (5 companies, HQ Dinajpur, CO Major Amin Tareq – W.Pakistani), EPR 9 Wing (5 companies, HQ Thakurgaon, CO Major Sawar Muhammad Hussain) and EPR Wing 10 (5 companies, HQ Rangpur, CO Major Md. Kazmi – W. Pakistani). EPR 8 wing had 2 companies at Dinajpur and the rest was deployed near the border at Biral and Basudevpur. EPR 0 wing companies were deployed at Thakurgaon, Ruhia, Chilahati, Tetulia and Panchagarh. EPR 10 wing companies were posted at Rangpur, Chilamari, Patgram, Mogolhat and Joymonirhut. Rangpur and Saidpur also had some armed police in the city. 29th Cavalry had 50% Bengali personnel.
Captain Ashraf, after persuading 3 EBR 21C Major Akthar of his desire to stay loyal to Pakistan, was sent to Thakurgaon with a 3 EBR company from Saidpur on March 26 morning. There were no clashes between Pakistani and Bengali forces although the situation remained tense and some Biharis began looting Bengali property at Saidpur. At Thakurgaon the EPR troops did not react to the martial law declaration. The following morning EPR troops entrenched themselves at the wing HQ. There were civil demonstrations at Thakurgaon during March 26–27, and Pakistani troops fired at the crowds causing some casualties. Things remained unchanged until March 28, when EPR companies deployed on the border became aware of the countrywide Pakistani crackdown from radio intercepts, and began to neutralize Pakistani EPR personnel in their midst. Capt. Nawajeshuddin met with EPR company commanders of the 10th wing and decided to take control of the Tista bridge, thus cutting off all territory north of the Tista river from Pakistani control on March 28.
On March 28 around 11:30 AM a rumor spread among EPR troops in Dinajpur that they might be attacked, and clash with the 26th FF company erupted around 3:00PM. The combatants began shelling each other with anti tank weapons and mortars and began exchanging fire from entrenched positions at their respective HQs. EPR troops posted in the city rushed to the EPR HQ, the police also joined the EPR troops, while Bengali EPR officers were captured by Pakistani troops and Pakistani EPR personnel and officers joined the 26th FF. The battle raged throughout the night and continued for the next 3 days. An EPR company took up position at Phulbari on March 29 while the other companies made for Dinajpur, including some EPR 10 Wing troops from Rangpur. EPR troops at Phulbari fought a series of battles on March 29 and 30, and managed to retain their position. A group of Pakistani EPR troops retreating towards Saidpur were also ambushed on March 29, leading to the death of 2 Pakistani officers but Pakistani survivors managed to reach Saidpur.
As the situation grew serious for the Pakistani troops at Dinajpur, a detachment from the 26th FF (CO Captain Fida H. Shah) was sent to Dinajpur. They ran afoul some Bengali EPR enroute but managed to reach the city by nightfall. Unable to linkup with the Pakistani detachment at Dinajpur, this column resumed their advance the following morning, advanced slowly through the town. By this time Brig. A.K. Malik had decided to evacuate Dinajpur, but a communication mix up prevented a concerted action between the two groups. The beleaguered Pakistani troops left the town using one avenue while Capt. Fida’s group raced to the Pakistani base to find it empty and fought their way out. The retreat was disorganized and some Pakistani troops were killed in an ambush enroute. EPR troops freed the captured Bengali officers. By March 31 Dinajpur was in Bengali hands.
Thakurgaon EPR troops learned of the Dinajpur clash on March 28 evening, and attacked the Pakistani EPR troops around 10:30 PM that night. The Pakistanis, however, were prepared and a firefight raged throughout the night and the following day around a 3-story building housing the Pakistani personnel. 9th Wing EPR companies at the border were requested to come to Thakurgaon via Radio on March 29, while the police joined the EPR. On March 30 the Pakistani troops at Thakurgaon were wiped out. EPR companies from the border arrived the following day.
Lt. Col. Hakeem was almost ambushed while leading a detachment towards Bogra at Palasbari on March 30 (or March 28, according to other sources) around 1:30 PM by a 3 EBR platoon and some EPR troops. Col. Hakeem fortunately managed to avoid the trap by calling out Lt. Rafiquddin Sarkar, 3 EBR platoon leader and keeping him in his jeep before opening fire, and returned to Saidpur after a firefight erupted. Lt. Rafiq was executed by Pakistanis later. Brig. Malik decided to disarm the 3 EBR and 29 Cavalry Bengali personnel on the same day.
Disarming Bengali soldiers
29 cavalry Bengali troops were divided into small groups for patrolling on March 28, and their return was staggered from Rangpur. Pakistani troops first disarmed Bengali guards at Rangpur cantonment, then each Bengali patrol group was surrounded by waiting Pakistani soldiers on their return and disarmed. Bengali officers and soldiers of 23rd Field and 29 cavalry was neutralized this way and most were executed.
3 EBR companies were at Parvatipur (CO Maj. S. Shaffat Hussain – Pakistani), Thakurgaon (CO Captain Ashraf – Bengali), Ghoraghat (2 companies, CO Maj. Nizamuddin – Bengali) and Saidpur (Rear party and HQ company, OC Capt. Anwar). 3 EBR companies conducted routine work during March 26–28, when the news on Pakistani attacks on Bengalis caused all except the one in Saidpur to revolt. Bengali troops at Ghoraghta were the first to react by setting up the failed ambush under Lt. Rafiq at Palashbari on March 28. Other EBR companies stayed in their positions until March 31.
26 FF attacked the 3 EBR barracks on March 30 (April 1 3:00 AM, according to other sources) with 23rd Field regiment guns providing fire support. Captain Fida was killed at the beginning of the battle, and the surviving EBR was finally forced to retreat after a bloody firefight that took a heavy toll on both sides. The initial attack on the Bengali positions was launched from the north, the second from the north west, while small groups of Pakistani troops infiltrated the positions to take out defensive strong points. After a few hours, surviving Bengali troops decided to retreat and left their position in 2 groups, having suffered 55 casualties out of 120 soldiers. Families were left behind and after some Pakistani soldiers abused them (including raping the wives of officers), they were moved to the Saidpur and Rangpur jail. Several Bengali officers attached to the 23rd Brigade were executed while several Bengali officers were sent to West Pakistan.
Securing the air-link
EPR 10th wing troops had taken control of the Tista bridge on March 28, and had deployed 2 companies near the bridge, 1 at Lalmanirhat airfield and the other 2 at Kurigram and Mogolhut. No clashes with Pakistani troops took place until April 1.
Helicopters began ferrying 48 Punjab and 4 FF troops began to Rangpur after the disarming of Bengali troops. On April 1 a 4 FF platoon probed the area around Tista Bridge, and in the ensuing clash Maj. Ejaj was killed. The following day an infantry company with 29 cavalry reconnaissance troops moved to the bridge. They directed artillery on the Bengali position and with the aid of air strikes and tanks managed to force the Bengalis to fall back slightly by evening. Another Pakistani column moved north and crossed the river at a different point and attacked and captured Lalmunirhat airfield. The outflanked EPR troops abandoned the bridge, and by 4 April the airport was fully operational, with troops and supplies being flown in and families flown out. Apart from small hit and run attacks, Pakistani position remained secured north of the Tista river. On 11 April around 3:30 AM 4 EPR companies attacked the airfield, but Pakistani resistance forced them to break off the attack at daybreak.
Bengali deployment around Saidpur April 1
EPR troops at Thakurgaon began to take up positions north of Saidpur from March 31. On April 2, Bengali officers and EPR JCOs of 8 and 9 wings decided to deploy troops around Saidpur. Thakurgaon EPR contingent moved to Nilphamari to the north of Saidpur, Bhushibandar to the west of it. Small contingents were deployed in areas in between these two positions. Pakistani troops moved to Parvatipur, south of Saidpur after 3 EBR company had gone south to Phulbaria on April 2. On April 4 Bengali commanders held another near Bhatgaon and decide to attack Saidpur, after which 1 EBR and 3 EPR companies (CO captain Ashraf) dug in at Bhushibandar, another EPR company (CO Capt. Anwar) went to Badarganj (west of Parvatipur), and another company stayed at Bhatgaon. 3 EBR companies attacked Parvatipur on the same day, the Pakistani troops and armed Biharis retreated to Saidpur. The significance of the deployment of the Bengali forces in the west, south and north of Saidpur in a semicircle, with the road east to Rangpur open, was not lost to the Pakistani commanders.
Pakistani counterattack from Rangpur/Saidpur
Bengali troops lacked proper communication equipment for coordinating an attack on Saidpur and although Indian authorities had been contacted for help, none had been received. Pakistani troops, reinforced through the air after the capture of Lalmunirhut, began to attack Bengali positions from April 6 onwards. Task forces were created from the 26 FF, 48 Punjab and 4 FF battalions, accompanied by a squadron/troop from the 29 cavalry and artillery pieces from the 23rd Field regiment, several Pakistani infantry columns backed by air support begun to attack Bengali positions simultaneously from April 4. Bhushibandar was taken on April 5, Parvatipur was taken on April 6, Nilphamari was unsuccessfully attacked the same day. 3 EBR troops attacking Parvatipur from Phulbai on the same day met with bloody repulse and retreated to Phulbari. Pakistani troops attacked Nilphamari on April 7, Bengali troops left the town the same day and Pakistanis took the town the following day. By April 10, Pakistani troops were poised to attack Bengali positions at T-Junction to the west of Bhushibandar, and areas to the west of Nilphamari and south of Parvatipur. By April 27 the division was secured, and the area north of the Tista river was retaken by Mid May. But in securing the division, 26 FF, the same regiment that had the maximum casulties later on till surrender of Pakistan Army, lost a very valuable resource on May 1. Capt. Mujahid who was at the flank along with three soldiers and his CO, Lt Col Hakeem was attacked by the 3rd EBR. The attack put the team of five in a defensive mode and cross firing started. As a result, Mujahid was brutally injured. A shot went clean through his heart resulting in his Shahadat.
Aftermath
By the dawn of 10 April, Pakistani forces had gained control of Dhaka, Rangpur-Saidpur, Comilla, Chittagong, and Khulna. Their forces had lost or abandoned Rajshahi, Sylhet, Pabna, Dinajpur, Mymenshing and Kushtia. The vital airfields and all the cantonments remained under Pakistani control, while the rest of the province was unoccupied and outside government control. The Bengali resistance had put up an unexpected stiff resistance and had managed to derail the initial Pakistani estimate of pacifying East Pakistan by April 10. The initial successes were not sustainable as the Bengali forces began to suffer from lack of trained men, officers, coordination among scattered troops and lack of central command structure, proper supplies (despite limited aid from BSF). Pakistani army had airlifted the 9th and 16th infantry division to Bangladesh by April 10 and was poised to seize the initiative. Gen. Niazi, who took command of Pakistan forces in Bangladesh on April 11, obtained a brief from Gen. Raza (the departing GOC) and implemented the following strategy:
Against this strategy Bengali field commanders opted to go with “holding as much area for as long as possible”, The Bengali leadership hoped to keep the Pakistanis confined into the cities, while the Bangladesh government in exile sought diplomatic recognition and the resistance prepared for eventual guerrilla warfare and awaited the expected Indian military intervention. Lacking everything except unskilled volunteers, Mukti Bahini fought a conventional battle against an enemy enjoying superiority in number of trained men, firepower, and complete air superiority and played to the strength of Pakistanis. Choosing to attack Bengali forces all over Bangladesh simultaneously, Gen. Niazi concentrated battalion and brigade size forces on company and battalion size defense positions repeatedly, used air strikes and artillery to soften targets, and employed Heli-borne troops to outflank positions and hammered through to reach chosen objectives. Pakistani troop convoys were repeatedly ambushed, but these only delayed the Pakistani advance temporarily. By using their superiority of weapons and command of air ruthlessly, with little regard for safety of civilians and often targeting civilian areas to spread terror, the Pakistani army began to fan out of their bases and take over the province. By late April, all the major cities had fallen, by mid May all major towns had been captured and by mid June the battered remnant of Bengali fighters had been driven across the border into India. The Bengali resistance, suffering from a lack of trained men, proper logistics and coordination, lost the conventional battle against the Pakistan forces.
Temporary Pakistani occupation
Lt. General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi had been posted as GOC East Pakistan Command on April 11, 1971, while Gen. Tikka Khan was retained as the governor of the province. General Khadim Raza was relieved from the command of the 14th division, and General Farman continued to serve as advisor on civilian affairs to the governor.
The Pakistan Army in East Pakistan, after being reinforced by "Operation GREAT FLYIN", was reorganised to run the counter insurgency operation. The 9th division (HQ Jessore, Maj. Gen. Shaukat Riza commanding) was given the 57th (HQ in Jhenida) and 107th (HQ in Jessore) brigades for controlling Kushtia, Jessore, Khulna, Faridpur, Barisal and Patuakhali districts. The 16th Division (HQ Natore, Maj. Gen. Nazar Hussain Shah commanding) was given the 23rd (HQ Rangpur), 205th (HQ Bogura) and 34th (HQ Nator) brigades and was to control Dinajpur, Rangpur, Bogura, Pabna and Rajshahi districts. The 14th division (HQ Dacca, Maj. Gen. Rahim Khan) controlled the rest of the province with the 27th (HQ Mymenshingh), 313th (HQ Sylhet), 117th (HQ Comilla) and the 53rd (HQ Chittagong) brigades.
Razakars and Shanti Committees were formed to support the army occupation. Mostly recruited from Bengalis and ex-EPR servicemen, an estimated 40,000 Razakers (against a target of 100,000 recruits) of mixed effectiveness was eventually fielded. Al-Badr and Al-Shams, formed by Jaamat-i-Islami, contributed another 5,000 members each. Pakistan also deployed hundreds of West Pakistani civilians and 5,000 police to support the occupation.
Creation of Mukti Bahini
The initial resistance, which started on March 26, functioned without any central command structure. Senior Bengali army officers met at Teliapara in Sylhet on April 10, and selected Col. (ret) M. A. G. Osmani as commander of Bengali armed forces. On April 11 Osmani designated four sector commanders: Major Zia for the Chittagong area, Major Khaled Mussarraf for Comilla, Major Shafiullah for Sylhet and Major Abu Osman Chowdhury for Jessore area. The Bangladesh government in exile was formed by the Awami League leadership on April 17 at Meherpur in Kushtia, which confirmed Col. Osmani as commander of Mukti Bahini (regular armed forces and insurgents) under the authority of Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmad. Bangladesh Forces Headquarters were set up in Kolkata (Calcutta) with Col. MAG Osmani as commander in chief, Lt. Col. MA Rab as Chief of Staff (based in Agartala, Tripura), and Group Captain AR Khandker as deputy Chief of Staff. The Bengali resistance, after being driven out of Bangladesh, began reorganizing to focus on irregular warfare.
Bengali refugees in India
A few thousand people sought refuge during April and May, mostly the resistance. However, as Pakistani army operations spread throughout the province, refugees fleeing to India increased. Ultimately approximately 10 million people would leave East Pakistan, and about 6.7 million were housed in 825 refugee camps. An estimated 7.3 million would be in West Bengal, and 1.5 million in Tripura. The rest were mainly in Assam and Bihar. The temporary presence of this large foreign population created economic (the cost of feeding, housing and medical care), social (tensions between locals and refugees) and national security (arms falling in the hands of Mizo and Naga rebels) concerns for India.
India's role
The main reason Generals Farman and Yakub had opposed any military action against civilians in East Pakistan was the fear of an Indian attack, which the Pakistan army was woefully unprepared to meet in March 1971. After the crackdown, Tajuddin Ahmad met with Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on April 3, 1971 and asked for all possible aid, by which time the Indian government had already opened East Pakistan border and the BSF was offering limited aid to the Bengali resistance. The issue of direct military intervention was discussed between the Indian military and political leadership in April 1971. The case for intervention was based on the following:
Against this, the military leadership had to consider the following:
Although some of the Bengali leadership hoped for and expected an Indian military operation at the earliest, a view also shared by some Indian officers, Indian army eastern command decided in the present condition such a move was unadvisable, and a full attack could only take place after November 15, 1971 at the earliest, only after deliberate and extensive preparations, which was further elaborated to the Indian cabinet by Gen. Sam Manekshaw. Indian leadership decided not to directly intervene, but chose to get involved: Eastern command took over responsibility for East Pakistan operations on April 29, and on May 15 launched Operation Jackpot, a full fledged operation to recruit, train, arm, equip, supply and advise the Mukti Bahini fighters engaged in guerrilla warfare against the Pakistan armed forces.
Bengali Civilian casualties
The killings which began on March 25, 1971 and sparked the Bangladesh Liberation War led to the deaths of at least 26,000 people, as admitted by Pakistan (by the Hamoodur Rahman Commission) and as many as 3,000,000 as claimed by Bangladesh (from 1972 to 1975 the first post-war prime minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, mentioned on several occasions that at least three million died). Biharis and Non Bengalis had also suffered in the initial stages of the conflict - houses were looted and some at died in Bengali hands.
The genocide also included killing of serving Bengali senior army officers of the rank of Lt. Colonel and above in East Pakistan within the first few days of Operation Searchlight. The deaths included Col. Badiul Alam, Lt. Col. MA Qadir, Lt. Col. SA Hai, Lt. Col. MR Choudhury, Lt. Col. (Dr.) Ziaur Rahman, Lt. Col. NA M. Jahangir and another dozens of senior majors who were executed by April 1971. Also, around a hundred junior officers and thousands of unfortunate captured Bengali soldiers, including members of the East Pakistan Rifles and Police, serving in East Pakistan were executed. After the defeat of the Pakistan Army, there was a call to try nearly 200 Pakistani POWs for war crimes, but no trials took place.
Evaluation and importance
The eventual strain of combating the insurgency caused Pakistan to attack India on the December 3, 1971, with the objective to stop Indian support for the Mukti Bahini. This attack initiated the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which concluded with the unconditional surrender of Pakistan forces on 16 December. -->
বহিঃ সংযোগ
শ্ৰেণী:বাংলাদেশ শ্ৰেণী:সামৰিক অভিযান
ন'বেল বঁটা (২০১০)
ন'বেল বঁটা বছৰি প্ৰদান কৰা এটা অতি সন্মানীয় পুৰস্কাৰ। স্কাণ্ডিনেভিয়ান সমিতিয়ে এই বঁটা কলা আৰু বিজ্ঞানৰ কেইটামান শাখাত আগবঢ়োৱা অতি বিশেষ অৱদানৰ বাবে প্ৰদান কৰে। ডাইনামাইটৰ আৱিষ্কাৰক ছুইডেনৰ আলফ্ৰেড ন'বেল-ৰ ইচ্ছাপত্ৰ অনুসৰি ১৮৯৫ চনত এই বঁটা স্থাপন কৰা হয়। ১৯০১ চনত প্ৰথমে এই বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। ২০১০ বৰ্ষৰ এই বঁটা লাভ কৰা ব্যক্তিসকল হ'ল:
বাহ্যিক সংযোগ
শ্ৰেণী:বৰ্ষ অনুসৰি ন'বেল বঁটা বিজয়ীৰ তালিকা
জুমলী ভাষা
শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ ভাষা
জুমলী বা জুমলী খছ হৈছে নেপালত কথিত এটি ভাৰতীয়-আৰ্য় ভাষা, যি নেপালী ভাষাৰ এটি ভগ্নী ভাষা। এই ভাষা মুখ্যতঃ নেপালৰ কৰ্ণালী প্ৰান্তত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ভাষাটোক কোনো কোনোৱে নেপালীৰ উপ-ভাষা আখ্যা দিয়ে যদিও নেপালৰ চৰকাৰে ইয়াক এক পৃথক ভাষা বুলি গণ্য কৰে। ২০১১ চনৰ নেপালৰ জনগণনাৰ মতে জুমলী ভাষী লোকৰ সংখ্যা ৮৫১। খছ ভাষাক নেপালী ভাষাৰ উৎসও গণ্য কৰা হয়।
লিপি
জুমলী খছ ভাষা লিখিবলৈ দেৱনাগৰী লিপি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
ইতিহাস
খাছ ভাষা নেপালী ভাষাৰ অভিভাৱক ভাষা বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। কাৰ্ণালী প্ৰদেশৰ চিঞ্জা উপত্যকাত এই ভাষা বিকশিত হোৱা বুলি কোৱা হয়।
২০১৭ চনৰ প্ৰস্তাৱিত ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব
২০১৭ চনৰ আগষ্টত 'জুমলী খছ ভাষাৰ লিখন প্ৰণালী' নামৰ এখন খচৰা প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছিল। এই খচৰাত ২৯ ব্যঞ্জন বৰ্ণ আৰু ৬ স্বৰ বৰ্ণ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ লোৱা হৈছিল। ভাষাবিদ আৰু জুমলী খছ অভিধানৰ সম্পাদক ৰামানন্দ আচাৰ্যৰ মতে কৰ্ণালী খছ ৰাজ্যত কথিত ভিন ভিন প্ৰকাৰৰ খছ ভাষাৰ ভিত্তিত এই খচৰা প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে, ১৫ আগষ্ট, ২০২২ত, নেপালৰ ভাষা আয়োগে ২৪টা স্বৰ বৰ্ণ আৰু ৪১টা ব্যঞ্জন বৰ্ণৰ এক ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব সমাপ্ত কৰে।
স্বৰ ধ্বনি
নেপালী ভাষাৰ বিপৰীতে, জুমলী খছৰ কেৱল ৬টা মৌখিক ধ্বনি আছে।
ব্যঞ্জন ধ্বনি
২০২২ চনলৈকে এই ভাষাৰ ব্যাকৰণ আৰু শব্দকোষৰ কোনো মানক সংগ্ৰহ উপলব্ধ নাছিল। ১৫ আগষ্ট, ২০২২ত, স্থানীয় চৰকাৰৰ প্ৰচেষ্টাত, ভাষা আয়োগে ভাষাটোৰ নথি-পত্ৰ আৰু সংৰক্ষণৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া আৰম্ভ কৰে। প্ৰস্তাৱ অনুসৰি, ভাষাটোৰ লিখনি প্ৰণালীৰ বিকাশৰ বাবে ২৪টা স্বৰ বৰ্ণ আৰু ৪১টা ব্যঞ্জন বৰ্ণ সমাপ্ত কৰা হৈছিল।
বৰ্তমানৰ স্থিতি
২০২০ চনত, জুমলা জিলাৰ টাটোপানী গ্ৰাম্য পৌৰসভাত ২৮খন বিদ্যালয় জুমলী খাছ ভাষাত শিক্ষা আৰম্ভ কৰে।
অভিধান
খছ মানে খছ লোক আৰুআখৰ মানে শব্দ বা আখৰ। ২০০৮ চনত, ৰামানন্দ আচাৰ্যই প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে জুমলী খাছ অভিধান খছিয়া আখৰ নামেৰে সংগ্ৰহ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। ২০১৯ চনলৈকে তেওঁ প্ৰায় ২৫ হাজাৰ শব্দ সংগ্ৰহ কৰিছিল। কৰ্ণালী প্ৰদেশ চৰকাৰে বিত্তীয় বৰ্ষ ২০৭৭/২০৭৮ বিএছ (২০২০/২০২১) ৰ বাজেটত এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোৰ বাবে পুঁজি আৱণ্টন কৰিছিল।
দৈনিক জনমভূমি
দৈনিক জনমভূমি (Dainik Janambhumi) হৈছে এখন অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ দৈনিক বাতৰি কাকত। যোৰহাটৰ তুলসী নাৰায়ণ শৰ্মা পথত অৱস্থিত জনমভূমি গ্ৰুপ অফ পাব্লিকেশ্যন নামৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৱে এই বাতৰি কাকতখন প্ৰকাশ কৰে। এই বাতৰি কাকতখন সমসাময়িকভাৱে গুৱাহাটী, যোৰহাট আৰু তিনিচুকীয়াৰ পৰা প্ৰকাশ পাই আহিছে। ১৯৭২ চনত দৈনিক জনমভূমি কাকতখন প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশ পায়। ২০০৪ চনৰ পৰা কাকতখনৰ দ্বিতীয় সংস্কৰণটো গুৱাহাটী আৰু তৃতীয় সংস্কৰণটো তিনিচুকীয়াৰ পৰা প্ৰকাশ পায় আহিছে। ২০২২ চনৰ ১জুনত কাকতখনে ৫০ টা বছৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে।
প্ৰকাশ
১৯৭২ চনত যোৰহাটৰ পৰা দৈনিক জনমভূমি কাকতখন প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশ পায়। কনক চন্দ্ৰ ডেকা আৰু দেৱেশ্বৰ শৰ্মাই যুটীয়াভাৱে ইয়াক প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। প্ৰথমতে বাতৰি কাকতখন কেৱল যোৰহাটৰ পৰাহে প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। কাকতখনৰ প্ৰচলন আৰু জনপ্ৰিয়তাৰ প্ৰতি লক্ষ্য ৰাখি বৰ্তমান ইয়াক একেলগে তিনিচুকীয়া, যোৰহাট আৰু গুৱাহাটীৰ পৰা প্ৰকাশ কৰা হয়।
সমল
এই কাকতখনে অসমক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি সমগ্ৰ উত্তৰ পূব ভাৰতৰ বিষয়ে লগতে কিছু পৰিমাণে আন্তৰ্জাতিক বা-বাতৰি, আলোকচিত্ৰ আদি পৰিবেশন কৰি আহিছে। দৈনিক জনমভূমিৰ ইণ্টাৰনেট সংস্কৰণো উপলব্ধ। ইয়াৰ ইণ্টাৰনেট সংস্কৰণটো বিনামূলীয়া আৰু বিশ্বৰ যিকোনো ঠাইৰপৰা ইয়াক পঢ়িব পৰা যায়।
কাকতখনত সাধাৰণতে ১৪টা পৃষ্ঠা সন্নিবিষ্ট থাকে। প্ৰত্যেক পৃষ্ঠা অনুসৰি বাতৰিৰ প্ৰকাৰবোৰ শ্ৰেণীকৰণ কৰা হয়। পৃষ্ঠাসমূহ সাধাৰণতে আঞ্চলিক বাতৰি, সম্পাদকীয় শিতান, সাহিত্য, আন্তৰ্জাতিক বাতৰি, খেল-জগত আদিৰ দৰে ভাগত বিভক্ত থাকে।
পৰিপূৰক সমূহ
মুখ্যত বাতৰি কাকতখনক বাহিৰেও, কাকতখনে সময়ে সময়ে কিছুমান পৰিপূৰকো প্ৰকাশ কৰি আহিছে, তাৰে কেইখনমান হৈছে:
বাহ্যিক সংযোগ
শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ সংবাদ পত্ৰ বৰ্তমান এই কাকত খনৰ পৃষ্ঠাৰ সংখ্য়া ১৬
গৰখীয়া দ'ল
গৰখীয়া দ'ল বা গৰখীয়া দৌল, যোৰহাট নগৰৰ উত্তৰে প্ৰায় পাঁচ কিলোমিটাৰ আঁতৰৰ বালিগাঁৱত অৱস্থিত এখন প্ৰাচীন দেৱালয়। অসম বুৰঞ্জীত ইয়াৰ উল্লেখ নাই যদিও এই দ'ল জাগ্ৰত বুলি জনবিশ্বাস আছে। গৰখীয়া দ'লৰ নামঘৰ আৰু মণিকূট থকাটো উল্লেখযোগ্য। ইয়াত থকা উঁই-হাফলুৰ দ'লটো চৈধ্য-পোন্ধৰফুটমান ওখ।
ইতিহাস
কাহিনী অনুসৰি অতীজতে এই ঠাইত এখন গৰু চৰোৱা আহল-বহল পথাৰ আছিল। প্ৰতিদিনে স্থানীয় গৰখীয়াবিলাকে গোট খাই তাত গৰু চৰাইছিল। তাতে এজন মুখিয়াল গৰখীয়াই নিতৌ বালিৰ দ'ল সাজি ফৰিং বলি দিয়াৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছিল। দৈনিক এজন গৰখীয়াৰ ফৰিং ধৰি অনাৰ পাল আছিল আৰু দ'লৰ আগত বিৰিণাৰ পাতেৰে সেই ফৰিং বলি দি গৰখীয়াৰ নিত্য পূজা সমাপন কৰি ঘূৰি গৈছিল। এদিন পাল পৰা এজন গৰখীয়া ল'ৰাই ফৰিং ধৰি নানিলে; আৰু বলি দিবৰ সময় হোৱাত গৰখীয়াই ক'লে, তেওঁ ফৰিং আনিব নোৱাৰিলে, গতিকে দ'লৰ আগত তেওঁকেই বলি দিয়ক। গতিকে ফৰিং বলি দিয়াৰ দৰেই বিৰিণা পাতেৰে এজন ল'ৰাই তেওঁৰ ডিঙিটোত ৰেপ দিলে। আচৰিত কথা যে বিৰিণা পাতৰ ঘঁহনি খাই ল'ৰাজনৰ ডিঙিটো দুটুকুৰা হ'ল। তেতিয়া সকলো গৰখীয়া ল'ৰাই চিঞৰ-বাখৰ কৰি গাঁৱৰ মানুহক জনালে। গাঁৱৰ মানুহে এনে আচৰিত কাণ্ড দেখি এই ঠাইত দেৱতা আছে বুলি সেই বালিৰ দ'ল আৰু বলি দিয়া ঠাই তেতিয়াই তাঁতি দি বেৰি পেলালে। পাছদিনা পুৱা দেখে যে সেই ঠাইত বালিৰ দ'লৰ ঠাইত উঁইহাফলুৰ দৰে এটা দ'ল হৈ আছে। দিনে দিনে সেই দ'ল বাঢ়ি উঠা দেখি গাঁৱৰ ৰাইজে তাত এটা শিৱমূৰ্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰি এটা মন্দিৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিলে।
প্ৰবাদমতে শিৱসিংহ ৰজাৰ দিনত প্ৰথমে ইয়াত বলি দিয়া হৈছিল।
পূজা-অৰ্চনা
প্ৰতি এই দ'লত শিৱৰাত্ৰিৰ অষ্টপ্ৰহৰ শিৱপূজা হয়। হাফলুটোত উঁই থকাৰ চিন নাই কিন্তু তাত এযোৰ ফটীসাপ মাজে মাজে ওলোৱা দেখা যায়। মানুহে দ'লৰ মাহাত্ম্য বিশ্বাস কৰি বেমাৰে-আজাৰে দুখে-আপদে দ'ললৈ মাননি দিয়ে।
তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ
শ্ৰেণী:যোৰহাট জিলাৰ পৰ্যটনস্থলী শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দুধৰ্মৰ মঠ-মন্দিৰ
নৱযুগ (আলোচনী)
নৱযুগ হৈছে বীৰেন্দ্ৰ কুমাৰ ভট্টাচাৰ্যৰ সম্পাদনাত ষাঠিৰ দশকত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা এখন সাপ্তাহিক বাৰ্তালোচনী। এই আলোচনীখনক পৰৱৰ্তী কালত এখন বিশেষ‌ উল্লেখ্যযোগ্য আলোচনী বুলি মান্যতা দিয়া হৈছে। আলোচনীখনে আৰ্থ-সামাজিক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক বিষয়বোৰৰ আলোচনাত বিশেষ গুৰুত্ব দিছিল। সৃজনশীল সাহিত্যিৰ প্ৰতিও আলোচনীখনে বিশেষ গুৰুত্ব দিছিল। সেইসময়ত প্ৰবীণ সকলৰ বাহিৰেও কেইবাগৰাকী নবীন লেখক -লেখিকাই নৱযুগৰ পাততে প্ৰথম আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।
তথ্যসূত্ৰ
শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া আলোচনী
ৰাসায়নিক যৌগ
ৰাসায়নিক যৌগ হৈছে দুটা বা তাতোধিক ভিন্ন মৌল ৰাসায়নিক বন্ধনৰ দ্বাৰা লগলাগি সৃষ্টি হোৱা এক গঠন। মৌলবোৰ কিদৰে লগলাগে তাৰ ভিত্তিত চাৰি প্ৰকাৰৰ যৌগ গঠিত হয়: সহযোজী বান্ধনিৰ দ্বাৰা, লৱনসমূহ আয়নিয় বান্ধনিৰ দ্বাৰা, ধাতু সমূহ ধাতৱ বান্ধনিৰ দ্বাৰা আৰু কিছুমান জটিল যৌগ সমন্বয়ী সহযোজী বান্ধনিৰ দ্বাৰা।
শ্ৰেণী:ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞান
অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ বৰপেটাৰোড অধিৱেশন (২০১৩)
অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ দ্বিসপ্ততিতম (৭২-তম) অধিৱেশন বৰপেটাৰোড চহৰত ৩০ জানুৱাৰী ২০১৩ তাৰিখৰপৰা ৫ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০১৩ তাৰিখলৈ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। বৰপেটাৰোড চহৰৰ উপকণ্ঠত ৩১ নং ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাইপথৰ দাঁতিত অস্থায়ী ভাৱে নিৰ্মিত ড॰ ভূপেন হাজৰিকা সমন্বয় ক্ষেত্ৰত অধিৱেশন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। সাহিত্য সভাৰ আনুষ্ঠানিক সভাৰ বাহিৰেও অধিৱেশন স্থলীত গ্ৰন্থ উৎসৱ মেলা, বিজ্ঞান আৰু শিল্প মেলা, আৰু বাণিজ্য মেলাও অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হয়। মূল মণ্ডপৰ নামকৰণ জ্যোতিপ্ৰসাদ আগৰৱালাৰ নামেৰে ৰূপকোঁৱৰ জ্যোতিপ্ৰসাদ আগৰৱালা সোঁৱৰণি মণ্ডপ ৰখা হৈছিল।
অধিৱেশন থলী
বৰপেটাৰোড চহৰৰ প্ৰায় আধা কিল'মিটাৰ পশ্চিমে ৩১ নং ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাই পথৰ উত্তৰ পাৰে মুঠ ৩০০ বিঘা মাটিত অধিৱেশন স্থলী ভূপেন হাজৰিকা সমন্বয় ক্ষেত্ৰ অস্থায়ী ভাৱে স্থাপন কৰা হৈছে। মূল অধিৱেশন থলীয়ে ১২০ বিঘা মাটি আগুৰি আছে। অধিৱেশন থলীৰ মূল মণ্ডপৰ মাটিকালি ২৫০ বৰ্গফুট আৰু ৪০০০ লোক একেলগে বহিব পৰাৰ ব্যৱস্থা আছে। একেলগে ১৫০০ লোকে খাব পৰা ভোজনালয়ত ৫০টা চৌকাত ১৮০ গৰাকী ৰান্ধনীয়ে খোৱা-লোৱা প্ৰস্তুত কৰিছে। অধিৱেশন স্থলীত ২৫০ গৰাকী স্বেচ্ছাসেৱিকা আৰু ৪৫০ গৰাকী স্বেচ্ছাসেৱকে সহায় আগবঢ়াইছে।
পৰিচালনা
সাহিত্য সভাৰ পৰিচালনাৰ বাবে মুখ্য পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ বাহিৰে ৩৮খন উপসমিতি গঠন কৰা হৈছে।
৩১ জানুৱাৰী ২০১৩
৩১ তাৰিখে আবেলি বৰপেটাৰোড সাহিত্য সভা ভৱনত বিদায়ী সভাপতি ৰংবং তেৰাঙৰ সভাপতিত্বত বিগত দুবছৰৰ কাৰ্যকালৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা হয় প্ৰধান সম্পাদক ড॰ পৰমানন্দ ৰাজবংশীয়ে প্ৰতিবেদন পাঠ কৰে, লগতে পৰৱৰ্তী অধিৱেশনৰ বাবে স্থান নিৰ্বাচনৰ বাবে বিশেষ সমিতি গঠন কৰা হয়।
২ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০১৩
ৰাতিপুৱা ৯ বজাত অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ পতাকা উত্তোলন কৰে সভাপতি ৰংবং তেৰাঙ। স্মৃতি তৰ্পন কাৰ্যসূচী শুভাৰম্ভ কৰে শ্বহীদ খৰ্গেশ্বৰ তালুকদাৰৰ মাতৃ সাৱিত্ৰী তালুকদাৰে॥ নবীন লেখক-শিল্পীৰ অন্তৰংগ অনুষ্ঠান 'ৰামধেনু'ত ড॰ মালিনীয়ে পৰিচালনা কৰে। মহিলা লেখিকা শিল্পীৰ অন্তৰংগ অনুষ্ঠান 'আকাশ' মুকলি কৰে নিৰুপমা মিশ্ৰই আৰু অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ আঁত ধৰে ড॰ লিলি ৰাজবংশীয়ে। এই অনু্ষ্ঠানত অতিথি হিচাপে উপস্থিত থাকে শাৰদী শইকীয়া, ড॰ সংগীতা ভাৰ্মা আৰু সুলোচনা মনান্ধ। আতচ-বাজী প্ৰদৰ্শন নৰহৰি বুঢ়াভকত-দিলীপ শৰ্মা সোঁৱৰণী সাস্কৃতিক সমাৰোহ 'ভাষা-সংস্কৃতিৰ পথাৰত এটি আবেলি নবীনৰ সৈতে' শীৰ্ষক ভাব বিনিময় অনুষ্ঠান ভাগ লয় 'ইণ্ডিয়া টুডে' আলোচনীৰ কাৰ্যবাহী সম্পাদক 'সাই প্ৰসন্নৰাজনে। অনুষ্ঠানৰ আঁত ধৰে সাংবাদিক মৃণাল তালুকদাৰে। এই সভাত ভাগ লয় কন্নাড়ী ভাষাৰ সাহিত্যিক মহা বালেশ্বৰ ছেইল-য়েও। সন্ধিয়াৰ আতচ-বাজী প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ পাছত সাংস্কৃতিক সন্ধিয়া অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। সাংস্কৃতিক সন্ধিয়াৰ মাজতে সাহিত্যিক মুক্তিদেৱ চৌধুৰী, সংগীত শিল্পী ৰাজেশ মৌৰ আৰু সমাজকৰ্মী পৱন আগৰৱালাক সম্বৰ্দ্ধনা জনোৱা হয়।
৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০১৩
ড॰ মাইলছ ব্ৰন্সন আৰু গিৰিধৰ শৰ্মাৰ জন্মশতবাৰ্ষিকী উপলক্ষে আলোচনা সত্ৰত 'অসমীয়া অভিধানঃ গতি আৰু প্ৰকৃতি' শীৰ্ষক আলোচনা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। মধুৰাম বড়োয়ে উদ্বোধন কৰা আলোচনা সত্ৰখন সঞ্চালনা কৰে ড॰ ৰমেশ পাঠকে। দিনৰ প্ৰায় এঘাৰ বজাত নৱনিৰ্বাচিত সভাপতি ইমৰান শ্বাহক এক ময়ূৰপংখী নাৱত তুলি বৰপেটাৰোড ষ্টেডিয়ামৰপৰা অৱিবেশন স্থলীলৈ শোভাযাত্ৰা উলিওৱা হয়। শোভাযাত্ৰাত বিভিন্ন কলা-সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰা হয়। দিনৰ ২ বজাত কলাগুৰু বিষ্ণুপ্ৰসাদ ৰাভা সোঁৱৰণী মণ্ডপত অম্বিকাগিৰী ৰায়চৌধুৰী সোঁৱৰণী প্ৰথম মুকলি অধিৱেশনখন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। এই অনুষ্ঠানতে নৱনিৰ্বাচিত সভাপতিয়ে আনুষ্ঠানিক ভাৱে সভাপতিৰ দায়ি্ত্ব হাতত লয়। সন্ধিয়া হীৰেন ভট্টাচাৰ্য সোঁৱৰণী কবি সন্মিলনী অনুষ্ঠিত হয় আৰু পুৰুষোত্তম দাস-ৰুদ্ৰ বৰুৱা সোঁৱৰণী সাংস্কৃতিক সমাৰোহ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। সমাৰোহত সাহিত্যিক বিজয় জাচাচাৰীয়া, সাংবাদিন দিনকৰ কুমাৰ আৰু সাহিত্যিক কাপুৰচন্দ জৈন]]ক সম্বৰ্দ্ধনা জনোৱা হয়। শোভাযাত্ৰাৰ নাৱত সভাপতি ইমৰান শ্বাহক সংগ দিয়ে আদৰণী সমিতিৰ সভাপতি [[জি'এল. আগৰৱালা]]ই। শোভাযাত্ৰা উদ্বোধনী কৰে ৰত্ন ওজাই। দুই কিল'মিটাৰ জোৰা এই শোভাযাত্ৰাত ৯০-টা দলে বিভিন্ন নৃত্য-গীত আদি প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰে। এই দিনৰ অধিৱেশনত যোগদান কৰে কানাড়া সাহিত্যিক বাৰাগুৰু ৰামাচন্দ্ৰাপ্পা, কোংকনী সাহিত্যিক মহাবালেশ্বৰ ছেইল, ৰাজ্যৰ শিক্ষামন্ত্ৰী ড॰ হিমন্ত বিশ্ব শৰ্মা, সাহিত্যিক য়েছে দৰজে ঠংছি-য়ে।
৪ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০১৩
হেৰম্বকান্ত বৰপূজাৰীৰ জন্ম শতবাৰ্ষিকী উপলক্ষে বিশেষ বুৰঞ্জী সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হয়। সন্মিলনৰ শীৰ্ষক আছিল 'অসম বুৰঞ্জী আৰু অসমীয়া জাতি গঠন প্ৰক্ৰিয়া'। ড॰ দীপক শৰ্মাই সন্মিলনখন উদ্বোধন কৰে। সঞ্চালনা কৰে ড॰ ৰবীন দেৱচৌধুৰীয়ে। দিনৰ দুই বজাত অম্বিকাগিৰী ৰায়চৌধুৰী সোঁৱৰণী দ্বিতীয় মুকলি অধিবৱেশন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। এই অধিৱেশনত মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী তৰুণ গগৈ উপস্থিত থাকে। মুখ্য অতিথি হিচাপে উপস্থিত থাকে জ্ঞানপীঠ বঁটা বিজয়ী ড॰ প্ৰতিভা ৰায় সন্মানীয় অতিথি হিচাপে উপস্থিত থাকে ড॰ সীতাংশু যশচন্দ্ৰ আৰু প্ৰাক্তন সভাপতিসকল। বিয়লি ৪-৩০ বজাত 'ইলিমুদ্দিন দেৱান চৰ-চাপৰি লেখক সন্মিলন' উদ্বোধন কৰে হাফিজা আহমেদে। সন্ধিয়া ৬-৩০ বজাত অনুষ্ঠিত হয় গণশিল্পী হেমাংগ বিশ্বাস সোঁৱৰণী সাংস্কৃতিক সমাৰোহ।
বঁটা
সাহিত্য সভাৰ অধিৱেশনৰ লগতে নিম্নোক্ত বঁটা সমূহ বিতৰণ কৰা হয়। বঁটাসমূহ বিতৰণ কৰে সভাপতি ইমৰান শ্বাহে।
নতুন বঁটা
বিশ্বৰত্ন ড॰ ভূপেন হাজৰিকা আন্তৰ্জাতিক সংহতি বঁটাঃ ভূপেন হাজৰিকাৰ নামত নুমলীগঢ় তেল শোধনাগাৰৰ সৌজন্যত প্ৰতি দুবছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে এই বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হ'ব। এই বছৰৰ বাবে এই বঁটা ঘোষণা কৰা হৈছে বাংলাদেশৰ নৃত্য পটীয়সী, স্থপতিবিদ লুব্‌না মৰিয়মলৈ। মৰিয়মক ২৮ মাৰ্চ ২০১৩-ত ৰবীন্দ্ৰ ভৱনত এই বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হ'ব।
ৰৱান এটকিনচন
ৰৱান ছেবেষ্টিয়ান এটকিনচন (ইংৰাজীঃ Rowan Sebastian Atkinson CBE; জন্মঃ ৬ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫৫) এগৰাকী ইংৰাজ অভিনেতা, কমেডিয়ান আৰু লেখক। তেওঁ টেলিভিছনৰ কমেডি চিৰিজ ‘ব্লেকএডাৰ’ (১৯৮৩-১৯৮৯), ‘মিষ্টাৰ বিন’ (১৯৯০-১৯৯৫) আৰু জেমছ বণ্ড পেৰডিৰ ‘জনি ইংলিছ ফিল্ম চিৰিজৰ’ ৰ (২০০৩-২০১৮) নাম ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এটকিনচনে প্ৰথমবাৰ প্ৰসিদ্ধি লাভ কৰিছিল বিবিচিৰ স্কেটচ কমেডি শ্ব’ ‘নট দ্য নাইন অ’ক্ল’ক নিউজ’ (১৯৭৯-১৯৮২) আৰু ‘দ্য চিক্ৰেট পলিচমেনচ বল’ (১৯৭9)ত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে । ‘দ্য চিক্ৰেট পলিচমেনচ বল’ত তেওঁ এটা পেৰডি প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিছিল আৰু ‘নট দ্য নাইন অ’ক্ল’ক নিউজ’ৰ বাবে ১৯৮১ চনৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মনোৰঞ্জনৰ ব্ৰিটিছ একাডেমি টেলিভিছন বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল।  পৰৱৰ্ত্তী সময়ত তেওঁ একক বা যুটীয়াভাৱে মঞ্চত ষ্টেণ্ড-আপ কমেডি (স্কিট) প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰি আহিছে।
অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ বৰপেটাৰোড অধিৱেশন (২০১৩)
বাহ্যিক সংযোগ
শ্ৰেণী:অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ অধিৱেশন