نظامي_الكنجوي
حياته
وُلد نظامي لعائلة فارسية، واسمه إلياس واسمه المستعار المختار هو نظامي. ينحدر من خلفية حضرية من مدينة كنجة الواقعة في الإمبراطورية السلجوقية (جمهورية أذربيجان حاليًا)، ويعتقد أنه قضى حياته كلها في منطقة جنوب القوقاز. ذكر المؤرخ الأرمني (1200 - 1271) أن كنجة كانت مدينة يسكنها الإيرانيون في الغالب خلال تلك الفترة، كما أشار إلى أنها كانت مكتظة بالسكان بالإيرانيين وأقلية من المسيحيين. لم يكن نظامي شاعرًا في البلاط الملكي لذا فإسمه لا يظهر في سجلات السلالات الحاكمة.Peter J. Chelkowski, "Mirror of the Invisible World", New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975. p. 1: "The culture of Nizami's Persia is renowned for its deep-rooted tradition and splendor. In pre-Islamic times, it had developed extraordinarily rich and exact means of expression in music, architecture, and daily life as well as in writing, although Iran, its center—or, as the poets believed, its heart—was continually overrun by invading armies and immigrants, this tradition was able to absorb, transform, and ultimately ocercome foreign intrusion. Alexander the Great was only one of many conquerors, to be seduced by the Persian way of life." p. 2:"During the last quarter of the twelfth century, when Nizami began his Khamsa, Seljuq supremacy was on the decline and political unrest and social ferments were increasing. However, Persian culture characteristically flourished when political power was diffused rather than centralized, and so Persian remained the primary language, Persian civil servants were in great demand, Persian merchants were successful, and princedoms continued to vie for the service of Persian poets. This was especially true in Ganjeh, the Caucasian outpost town where Nizami lived." p. 6: "Nizami's strong character, his social sensibility, and his poetic genius fused with his rich Persian cultural heritage to create a new standard of literary achievement. Using themes from the oral tradition and written historical records, his poems unite pre-Islamic and Islamic Iran", p. 9:"Probably no Persian writer has inspired succeeding generation of poets more than Nizami", p. 6: ""Khosrow and Shirin" proved to be a literary turning point not only for Nizami but for all of أدب فارسي. Furthermore it was the first poem in Persian literature to achieve complete structural and artistic unity". p. 2;"During the last quarter of the twelfth century, when Nizami began his Khamsa, Seljuq supremacy was on the decline and political unrest and social ferments were increasing. However, Persian culture characteristically flourished when political power was diffused rather than centralized, and so Persian remained the primary language, Persian civil servants were in great demand, Persian merchants were successful, and princedoms continued to vie for the service of Persian poets. This was especially true in Ganjeh, the Caucasian outpost town where Nizami lived." p. 1: "By the end of the tenth century, Persian literature was world renowned; it was heralded from the eastern Mediterranean to the banks of the Indus" pp2:"Few facts about the life of Nizami are certain. Because he was not a court poet and it was his poetry rather than his life or his political connections that won him enduring fame, he does not appear in the annals of the dynasties...". p. 9: "The memorization and recitation of their literary heritage has alway beens vital to Iranians, whose attitude towards the power of the written and spoken word is revential. Even today the national passion for poetry is constantly expressed over radio and television, in teahouses, in literary societies, in daily conversation, and in the Musha'areh, the poetry recitation contest. Nizami's work serves as a vehicle and a symbol of this tradition, for it unites universality with deep-rooted artistic endeavor, a sense of justice and passion for the arts and sciences with spirituallity and genuine piety. for richness and fineness of metaphor, accuracy, and profundity of psychological observation, and sheer virtuosity of storytelling, Nizami is unequalled" تشير التذاكر (وهي مجموعات من المذكرات الأدبية التي تشمل أقوال الشعراء العظماء إلى جانب معلومات السيرة الذاتية) إلى نظامي بشكل مختصر جدًا، تستند الكثير من المواد المذكورة في هذه التذاكر على أساطير وحكايات وإشاعات، وبالتالي لا يُعرف سوى القليل من الحقائق عن حياة نظامي، تعتبر أعماله الأدبية المصدر الرئيسي للمعلومات عنه، لكنها لا تقدم سوى القليل من المعلومات عن حياته الشخصية.