cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Wōden
Englisc-Seaxisc Wōden
Englaþēod, Seaxcynn and Geotcynn brōhton Ƿōden tō Bretene ymbe þǣm 5th and 6th gearhundedum, continuing his worship until conversion to Christianity in the 8th and 9th centuries. Woden is the carrier-off of the dead, but not necessarily with the attributes of Norse Odin. Woden is also the leader of the Wild Hunt. The familial relationships are the same between Woden and the other Anglo-Saxon gods as they are for the Norse.
Æfter þǣm Engla and Seaxna Cranice and þǣm Historia Britonum, Ƿoden hæfde þās sunas: Ƿecta, Bældæg, Casere and Ƿihtlaeg.
Englisc ealdbēc onginnaþ ymbe þā ylde þæs conversion from the old religion. Although whatever stories recording his part in the lives of men and the gods are lost, Woden's name survived in many settlement names and geographical features.
Ƿōdnesdæg ('Ƿōdenes dæg') is for him genemned, for þǣm þe his bend mid þǣm dēadum gebȳraþ tō þǣm Rōmāniscan Mercurie. Þā Germaniscan lēode āreahton of Lǣdene Mercuri dies on Englisc sƿā Ƿōdnesdæg.
Gebēdung
Details of Migration period Germanic religion are sketchy, reconstructed from artefacts, sparse contemporary sources, and later the later testimonies of medieval legends and placenames. According to Jonas Bobiensis, the 6th century Irish missionary Saint Columbanus is reputed to have disrupted a Beer sacrifice to Wuodan (Deo suo Vodano nomine) in Bregenz. Wuodan was the chief god of the Alamanni, his name appears in the runic inscription on the Nordendorf fibula.
Pagan worship disappeared with Christianization, from the 8th century in England and Germany, lingering until the 12th or 13th century in Iceland and Scandinavia. Remnants of worship were continued into modern times as folklore.
Many places are named after Odin, especially in Scandinavia, such as Odense (Denmark) and Odensbacken (Sweden), but also places in other Germanic countries, such as Wednesbury (Englaland), Wodensberg and Odenheim (Germany), and Woensdrecht (Netherlands). Almost all German Gaue (Latin, pagi) had mountains and other places named after him under such generic names as Wodenesberg, Wuodenesberg, Godesberg and Gudensberg, Wodensholt, etc.
Blōt
As the Swedes had the right not only to elect king but also to depose a king, the sagas relate that both king Domalde and king Olof Trätälja were sacrificed to Odin after years of famine. Sēo ēac sacred king.
It was common, particularly among the Cimbri, to sacrifice a prisoner to Odin prior to or after a battle. The Orkneyinga saga relates a (and uncommon) form of Odinic sacrifice, wherein the captured Ella is slaughtered by the carving out of a "blood eagle" upon his back.
More significantly, however, it has been argued that the killing of a combatant in battle was to give a sacrificial offering to Odin. The fickleness of Odin in battle was well-documented, and in Lokasenna, Loki taunts Odin for his inconsistency.
Sometimes sacrifices were made to Odin to bring about changes in circumstance, a notable example being the sacrifice of King Vīkar (detailed in Gautrek's Saga and Saxo). Sailors in a fleet being blown off course drew lots to sacrifice to Odin that he might abate the winds; the king himself drew the lot and was hanged.
Sacrifices were probably also made to Odin at the beginning of summer, since Ynglinga saga states one of the great festivities of the calendar is at sumri, þat var sigrblōt "in summer, for victory"; Odin is consistently referred to throughout the Norse mythos as the bringer of victory.
The Ynglinga saga also details the sacrifices made by the Swedish king Aun, who, it was revealed to him, would lengthen his life by sacrificing one of his sons every ten years; nine of his ten sons died this way. When he was about to sacrifice his last son Egil, the Swedes stopped him.
Scamanisc gecynd
The goddess Fricg is seen as an adept of the mysteries of seid (shamanism), a völva, and it is said that it was she who initiated Odin into its mysteries. In Lokasenna Loki abuses Odin for practising seid, condemning it as a unmanly art. A justification for this may be found in the Ynglinga saga where Snorri opines that following the practice of seid, the practitioner was rendered weak and helpless. Another explanation is that its manipulative aspects ran counter to the male ideal of forthright, open behaviour.
Odin was a compulsive seeker of wisdom, consumed by his passion for knowledge, to the extent that he sacrificed one of his eyes (which one this was is unclear) to Mimir, in exchange for a drink from the waters of wisdom in Mimir's well.
Some German sacred formulae, known as "Merseburger Zaubersprueche" were written down in c 800 AD and survived. One (this is the second) describes Wodan in the role of a healer:
Further, the creation of the runes, the Norse alphabet that was also used for divination, is attributed to Odin and is described in the Rūnatal, a section of the Havamal. He hanged himself from the tree Yggdrasil, whilst pierced by his own spear, to acquire knowledge. He remained thus for nine days and nights, a number deeply significant in Norse magical practice (there were, for example, nine realms of existence), thereby learning nine (later eighteen) magical songs and eighteen magical runes. The purpose of this strange ritual, a god sacrificing himself to himself because there was nothing higher to sacrifice to, was to obtain mystical insight through mortification of the flesh; however, some scholars assert that the Norse believed that insight into the runes could only be truly attained in death.
Some scholars see this scene as influenced by the story of Christ's crucifixion; and others note the similarity to the story of Buddha's enlightenment. it is in any case also influenced by shamanism, where the symbolic climbing of a "world tree" by the shaman in search of mystic knowledge is a common religious pattern. We know that sacrifices, human or otherwise, to the gods were commonly hung in or from trees, often transfixed by spears. (See also: Peijainen) Additionally, one of Odin's names is Ygg, and the norse name for the World Ash —Yggdrasil—therefore means "Ygg's (Odin's)horse". Another of Odin's names is Hangatyr, the god of the hanged.
Ōðenes lufu for ƿīsdōme cann man ēac sēon in his ƿeorc as a farmhand for a summer, for Baugi, in order to obtain the mead of poetry. Sēo Fjalar and Galar for more details.
Medieval andfengnes
Sƿā þæt hēafodgod ealra Germaniscra goda, onfēng syndrigne ymbþanc of þǣm frumum spellbodum. For example, his day is the only day to have been renamed in the German language from "Woden's day", still extant on Nīƿum Englisce Wednesday to the neutral Mittwoch ("mid-week"), while other gods were not deemed important enough for propaganda (Tuesday "Tyr's day" and Frīgedæg "Frīge dæg" remained intact in all Germanic languages). For many Germans, St. Michael replaced Wotan, and many mountain chapels dedicated to St. Michael can be found, but Wotan also remained present as a sort of demon leading the Wild hunt of the host of the dead, e.g. in Swiss folklore as Wuotis Heer. However, in some regions even this mythology was transformed so that Charlemagne led the hunt, not Odin.
In Englalande ƿæs Ƿōden was not so much demonized as rationalized, and in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he appears as a perfectly earthly cyning, only four generations removed from Hengest and Horsa.
Snorri Sturluson's record of the Edda is striking evidence of the climate of religious tolerance in medieval Iceland, but even he feels compelled to give a rational account of the Aesir in his preface. In this scenario, Snorri speculates that Odin and his peers were originally refugees from Troy, etymologizing Aesir as derived from Asia. Some scholars believe that Snorri's version of Norse mythology is an attempt to mould a more shamanistic tradition into a Greek mythological cast. In any case, Snorri's writing (particularly in Heimskringla) tries to maintain an essentially scholastic neutrality. That Snorri was correct was one of the last of Thor Heyerdahl's archeo-anthropological theories (see The search for Odin).
In manigum Germaniscum sprǣcum is se nama þæs fēorðan dæges þǣre ƿuce (if one counts from Sunday) is frequently, "Wotanes Dæg" oþþe "Ƿōdenes Dæg", (Ƿōdnesdæg on Englisce. Geefnett Norþƿegisc, Denisc and Sƿēonisc onsdag, Niðerlendisc woensdag; ǣnlīce se efenƿeorða dæg on Þēodisc is ānfealdlīce "mid ƿucu" (Mittwoch)). This is thought to translate the Latin Dies Mercurii, "Mercury-day" (cf. French mercredi), owing primarily to Tacitus' linking þāra twēgra goda.
Onstandende gelēafan on Ōðene
The spread of Christianity was slow in Scandinavia, and it worked its way downwards from the nobility. Among common people, beliefs in Odin would linger for centuries, and legends would be told until modern times.
Sēo endenīehste beadu, in þǣre þe þā Norenan tealdon sige tō Ōðene, wæs sēo Beadu Lenan in 1208. The former Swedish king Sverker had arrived with a large Danish army, and the Swedes discovered that the Danish army was more than twice the size of their own. Naturally, the Danes got the upper hand and they should have won. However, the Swedes claimed that they suddenly saw Odin riding on Sleipnir. Accounts vary on how Odin gave the Swedes victory, but in one version, he rode in front of their battle formation.
Þā Norþrigan sægdon lange spell ymbe ānēagedne rīdere mid brādbrerdedum hæte and blǣhǣƿenum cyrtele þe bād smiþ tō scōgenne his hors. The suspicious smith asked where the stranger had stayed during the previous night. The stranger mentioned so distant places that the smith would not believe him. The stranger said that he had stayed for a long time in the north and taken part in many battles, and this time he was going to Sweden. When the horse was shod, the rider mounted his horse and said "Ic eom Ōðen" to the stunned smith, rode up in the air and disappeared. The next day, the battle of Lena took place.
Scandinavian folklore also maintained a belief in Odin as the leader of the Wild Hunt (Åsgårdsreia in Norwegian). His main objective seems to have been to track down and kill the forest creature huldran or skogsrået. In these accounts, Odin was typically a lone huntsman, save for his two wolves. Originally, he was armed with a spear, but in later accounts this was sometimes changed to a rifle.
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Croatian
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
right|thumb|350px|Sōþ Iesus Cirice, Cīne Sēo Sōðe Iesus Cirice (on Nīwenglisce:True Jesus Church) is selfdēmendlicu Crīstnu cirice þe wæs gestaðelod fram Paul Wei in þǣm 1917an gēare in Beijinge on Cīne.
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Curdisc:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Tōdæg hæfþ sēo cirice oþþe 1.5 þūsenda þūsenda oþþe 4 þūsenda þūsenda agyldena in twǣm and fīftigum landum and seox worulddǣla. Hēo is cildcirice þǣre Pentecostencirican Crīstendōmes þe tōcōm on þǣm ǣrran 20an hundgēare. Sēo cirice ne frēolsaþ ne Crīstesmæssan ne Langfrīgedæg. Sēo cirice ungeþwǣraþ on þām Þrillihāde.
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Denisc
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Þā tīen lāra
Sēo cirice hæfþ þās lāra.
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Dari:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Se Hālga Gāst
"Onfō þone gehātnan Hālgan Gāst, aboren þurh sprǣcunge on tungum, is se weard ūrre erfeweardnesse on Heofones Rīce."
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Dhivehi:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Fullwiht
"Wæterfulwiht is se hāligdōm for þǣre forgifnesse synna and for ednīwunge. Se fulwiht sceal gelimpan in gecyndelicum libbendum wætere, swā in þǣre ēa, sǣwe, oþþe fynte.
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Estisc:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Fullwiht
Se Bæzere, þe ǣr onfēng bæþ wæteres and þæs Hālgan Gāstes, fullaþ þurh naman þæs Dryhtnes Iesus Crīstes. And se mann þe onfēhþ þone fulwiht sceal bēon fullīce bedyped in wætere mid gebogenum hēafde and niðerweardum nebbe".
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Fenda:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Fōta wæsc
"Se hāligdōm fōta wæsces lǣteþ þæt man dǣlnime mid Iesus. Hit stent ēac tō gengre myndgunge þæt man sceolde habban lufe, hālignesse, scamfæstnesse, alǣtnesse, and þegnunge.
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Fietnamisc:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Fōta wæsc
Ǣlc mann þe onfēng wæteres fulwiht sceall habban his fēt gewæscen þurh naman Iesus Crīstes. Frēondlic fōta wæsc bēo gedōn þǣr hē sī gehæp". (John 13:1-7)
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Fijian
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Hūselhālgung
"Sēo Hūselhālgung is hāligdōm tō gemunenne þæt cwealmbealu þæs Dryhtnes Iesus Crīstes.
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Filipino:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Hūselhālgung
Hit lǣteþ ūs tō dǣlnimme þæs blōdes and þæs flǣsces ūres Dryhtnes and tō wesenne on ānnesse mid Him swā þæt wē cunnen habban ēcelic līf and wesan rǣred on þǣm æftermestan dæge. Þes hāligdōm biþ gehealden swā oft swā sī meahtlic. Synderlīce þearf man hlāf and wīnberigena sēaw brūcan".
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Frencisc:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Se Restdæg
"Se Restdæg, se seofoða dæg þǣre wuce (Sæternesdæg), is hālig dæg, gebletsod and gehālgod fram Gode. Hē biþ gehealden under þæs Dryhtnes āre tō þǣm gemynde Godes gesceaftes and sparunge and mid þǣm hopan tō restienne ā on þǣm cumendan līfe."
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Fresisc:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Iesus
"Iesus Crīst, þæt Word þe wearþ flǣsc, wæs gecweled on þǣre rōde for þǣre animunge gylta gyltera, ūp rǣred on þǣm þriddan dæge and astāg tō Heofonum. Hē is se nergend manna, se Meotod þāra Heofona and þǣre eorðan, and se ān sōða God".
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Georgian:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Sēo Biblioþēce
"Sēo Hālige biblioþēce, þe stent on þǣre Ealdan Gecȳðnesse and Nīwan Gecȳðnesse, is ēðod fram Gode, þæt āncynne lagfæste sōþ, and þæt gemet Crīstna lifunge".
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Guarani
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Hreddung
"Hreddung is gegifen fram þǣre giefe Godes þurh gelēaffulnesse. Gelīefendas sculon hangian on þǣm Hālgan Gāste tō gesēcenne hālignesse, tō ārienne God, and tō lufienne menn."
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Gujarati:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Cirice
"Sēo Sōðe Iesus Cirice, gestaðelod fram ūserum Dryhtne Iesus Crīste, þurh þone Hālgan Gāst in þǣre tīde þæs 'æfterran rīces', is sēo edstaðelode cirice þǣre apostoliscan tīde."
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Haitian Creole:
Sōþ Iesus Cirice
Ōðer Cyme
"Þæs Dryhtnes Ōðer Cyme gelimpþ on þǣm æftermestan dæge þǣr hē niðer gǣþ fram Heofonum tō dēmenne þā worulde: Þā gōdan sculon fōn ēcelic līf, ac þā yfelan bēoþ ā aniðerod."
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Pening
Se pening is feoh in fela landum þǣre ƿorulde. On Englalande ǣr þǣm endleofoðan ȝēarhundrede, ƿæs hē 1/30 manċes, and 1/5 ānes scillinges.
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Huntandūn
right|200px|Huntandun-burg Huntandūn is tūn in Huntandūnscīre oþþe in Grantanbrycgscīre. Hē ligþ betƿēonum Ēastenglum and Midlande, on Englum.
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Tsƿana:
Huntandūn
Huntandūn is se scīrtūn þǣre stǣrlican scīre Huntandūnscīre. Nū for stōƿlican gerecþegnunge is Huntandūnburg in Grantanbrycgscīre, and þegnaþ sƿā gerecþegnung heafodstōl þæs Huntandūnscīr boldgetales.
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Turcisc:
Turcmen:
Huntandūn
right|200px|Brycg ofer Usan ēa be Huntandūne and Godmanceastre on Hundandunscir
Blecinga īeg
Blecinga īeg (Blekinge) is landscipe in Sƿēolande.
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Þēodisc:
Blecinga īeg
Ƿulfstan sæd, sƿa sind his ƿord geƿriton on Ælfred Cyninges Orosius:
Huntandūn
Huntandūn hæfde tƿegen ƿīdcūðe speliendas þæs Ƿitena gemōtes: Oliver Cromƿell in þǣre 17. hundredgēare and John Major in þǣre 20.
Blecinga īeg
"Burgenda land ƿæs us on bæcbord, and þa habbað him sylf cyning. Þonne æfter Burgenda lande ƿæron us þas land þa synd hatene ærest Blecinga eg, and Meore and Eoƿland and Gotland on bæcbord; and þas land hyrað to Sƿeon."
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Ūcrægnisc:
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Eormanrīc
Eormanrīc ( ƿæs geboren þǣre tīde betƿeoh þǣm 260. gēare and þǣm 276., cƿæl betƿeonan þǣm 370. gēare amd þǣm 376. ) ƿæs Ēastgotena Cyning. His fæder ƿæs Heahwulf in Iordanes Getica.
Tō cyninge rīcsode hē ƿīd rīce in Middelum Europe. Þā rihtan gemǣru his landrīces sind dīegol, ac hit þynceþ þe hit ƿæs fram besūðan þǣm Pripet Fenlande beteoh Danais Ēa and Dniester Ēa.
Eormanrīces nama in Gotisce ƿæs gelīce Aírmanareiks. He is genemnod on bōcum geond þā Germaniscan land oft ōþ þæt 13. hundredgēare. For þissum is his nama on fela ƿīsena: in Iordanes Getica is hē Ermanaricus, in þǣm Engliscan giedde Bēoƿulf is hē Eormenrīc, in Ealdnorrene is hē Jörmunrekkr, and in Medume Ealdum Hēahgermanisce Ermenrich. For þȳ se nama Heiðrekr ƿæs ƿel gelīc þǣm ƿorde "Ermanarīc", hē sī ƿēnunga Heiðrekr Ulfhamr self of þǣre Hervarar sagu.
Eormanrīc is genemnod in tƿǣm Rōmāniscum geƿritum - ān is fram Ammianus and þæt ōðer is Getica fram þǣm stǣrƿritere Iordanes þæs 6. hundredgēares.
Æfter Ammianus, Eormanrīc ƿæs sƿīðe beaducræftig cyning þe lætemest dyde selfcƿalan, for þǣre berǣsunge þāra Hūna, þe anƿōd his land on þǣm 378. tīengēare. His cynedōm ƿæs adilegod and his folc ƿearþ geƿealden fram þǣm Hūnum, under þrāge nēan hūhƿega 75 gēara.
Ostsǣs rīcu
right|thumb|250px|Ðā Ostsǣs rīcu onmang Europan landum Þā Ostsǣs rīcu sind ðrēo land on Ostsǣs ēasternum ecge, be naman:
Witch Hunter Robin
thumb|220px|Forebiliþ þæs Ƿiccehuntestre Robin #1 DVD.
Witch Hunter Robin (hātte Ƿiccehuntestre Robin on Ealdum Englisce) is Iapanisc anime endebyrdnes macod bȳ Sunrise. Sēo spricþ ymbe þā lār STN-J, se Iapanisc dǣl rūnisces ƿoruldƿīdes clīeƿenes þe hātte SOLOMON, þe ƿiþ unƿicunge fieht, brucende cyþþugaderunge hƿæs habbaþ þā mihte ƿiccecræftes, sƿā þæt magon hīe him cƿellan, gif āƿecce hiera mihte. Robin Sena of þǣm STN-J is se mægn mann þǣre endebyrdnesse.
Hrūse
In eorþlāre, sēo hrūse is sēo ȳtemeste flēring sumes planētan, dǣl his stānþōþres. Planētanhrūsan standaþ geƿunelīce on unþiccran ondtimbre þonne þæt hire dēopra flēringa. Sēo hrūse þǣre Eorðan biþ geƿunelīce on basalte and granite. Hēo is cōlre and stīfre þonne þā dēopran flēringa þæs mentles and middandǣles.
On dǣllīce gemoltenum lanētum, sƿā Eorðe, is se eorþmentel flēotende on ƿǣtan innlicum flēringum. For þȳ dǣllīce - ƿǣtan uferran mentle, oþþe unmægenþōþre, neoðan, cunnon flēotende stānþōþras bēon gedǣled on foldlicum clūtum þe hƿierfaþ. Sǣflōrhrūse is ungelīc þǣre hrūsan þāra ƿorulddǣla. Sēo gārsecghrūse (sima) is 5 oþ 10 km on þiccnesse and biþ sƿīðe on deorcum, þiccum carre, basalt gehāten. Sēo ƿorulddǣlhrūse (sial) is 20-70 km on dēopnesse and stendeþ on fāgunge unþiccrena carra.
Fȳræg
right|thumb|200px|Fat Man motcræftfȳræg ofer Nagasakige Fȳræg (hātte on Nīƿenglisce bomb) is ƿǣpen þe springþ mid fȳre þurh oþþe onǣlende oþþe onfindende oþþe feorrƿealde tō adilegienne þing, sƿilce menn.
Cilcennyscīr
Cilcennyscīr is scīr on Īrlande þære Cynewīsan. Hēo is in Leinsteres sūðdæle.
Fȳrbeorg
Man fint oftost fȳrbeorgas þǣr andƿlitdǣlas mētaþ. Ac geƿunelīce ne sind þǣr fȳrbeorgas þǣr andƿlitdǣlas slīdaþ ǣlc be ōðrum.
Ælweardby, East Þriðing
Ælweardby (Ellerby) is burgsċipe in þæm East Þriding, se is Eoferƿicscire dǣl, on Englum. Hit hæfþ 365 buend and befēhþ tū lȳtel þorpas: Eald Ælweardby and Nīwe Ælweardby.
Westgeatland
Ƿestgeatland (Västergötland) is landscipe Sƿēolandes.
Garweald Wilhelm Braden
Garƿeald Ƿilhelm Braden (Niƿenglisc Gerald Wilhelm Braden), (geboren 1954) is Americanisc songcræftmann of Irisc and Eastrices folcum.
Flyhthæfen
thumb|right| [[San Franciscoes Geondrīcisc Lyfthæfen, se tēoða be grēatnesse in þǣm Geānlǣhtum Rīcim and se fīfta and tƿentigoða lyfthæfen be grēatnesse in þǣre ƿorulde]] thumb|right|Þā ferenda endlican bold æt [[Incheones Geondrīcisum Lyfthæfene on Incheone Sūþcorēan]] thumb|right|Sēo ūthealf of [[Tansonnhates Geondrīciscum Lyfthæfene, Ho Chi Minh Burge Fietnames. Se lyfthæfen hraðe biþ be Long Thanhes Geondrīcisc Lyftrīcisc ]] thumb|[[Suvarnabhumies Lyfthæfenes Ferenda Ende on Bangkok Thailandes ]]
Columbia (Sūþcarolīna)
Columbia is burg in Sūþcarolīnan rīce þāra Geāndena Rīca. Be þǣre 2007. gēares lēodetellunge hæfþ hēo 124,818 lēoda. Hēo stent in Rīclandscīre and his burgealdor is Steve Benjamin.
Bera
Beran oft habbaþ grēat līc, hefig limm, lang wrōt, rūh hǣr, ilegangenda handa, fīf unoncyrrendlīca clāwan, and sceortne tænel. Þēah þe se īsbera nēan ā itt flǣscmete, and se cattbera nēan ā itt gærsbēam, þā ōðru seox cynn mǣst etaþ ge wyrta ge flǣscmete.
Westmannland
Ƿestmannland (Västmanland) is landscipe in Sƿēolandes.
Europisce Gesamnung
In 2016 gerēden Bretƿare be folccēosunge ðe hiera rice, ðæt Geānede Cynerīce, ƿolde sundrian of þisse Gesamnunge and ðæs rices utfær wæs on 2020.
Gænt
''Þes tramet is ymbe þā Belgiscan burg. For ōðrum stōƿum hātaþ Gænt sēo Gænt (scīrung). ''
- Gænt (Gent on Niðerlendisce, Gand on Frencisce, nū Ghent and gēo Gaunt on Nīƿenglisce) is burgscīpe in Flandrum, þe is sum þāra þrēora dǣla Belgalandes, and in þǣre Flandriscan mǣgðe‏ Ēastflandrum and hit is hire hēafodburg. Gæntes middan is æt þǣm gemȳðum þāra ēana Scheldt and Leie. Hit ligþ æt tƿiƿege þāra Europiscra ƿega E17 and E40.
Stǣr
Se scēat Gænt ƿæs gebūn in Celtiscum tīdum. Se nama "Gænt" cymþ of þǣm Celtiscan ƿorde 'ganda', þe mǣnþ mētung t.b. tƿēgra ēana (Scheldt and Lys). Ne sind geƿritene gemyndas þǣre Rōmāniscan tīde, ac fyrngemyndleornunge geondsmēagung āsēðeþ þæt se eard Gæntes ƿæs forþ gebūen.
Hƿonne þā Francas onƿōdon þā Rōmāniscan landrīcu (of þǣm ende þæs 4an gēarhundredes and ƿel oþ þǣm 5an gēarhundrede) and brōhton hīe hira sprǣce mid him and Gænt ƿearþ folde, hƿǣr Celtisc and Lǣden ƿurdon gehƿorfen fram (ealdorlicum) Niðerlendisce.
Oþ þǣm 7oðan gēarhundrede, in Gænte ƿǣron tƿā (important) mynster: Sint-Pieters (625-650) and Sint-Baafs (650). Gænt ƿeaxode of mænigfealdum frumum and þǣm mynstrum and cēapungstede. Ymb gēar 800, Gænt ƿæs (important), for þǣm þe Louis the Pious, sunu Charlemagnes lagode þæt Einhard sie abbod bēgra mynstra. Einhard ƿrāt līfƿrītunge Charlemagnes cynunges Francrīces.
Þā ēa flēoƿon in foldan hƿǣr fela landes ƿæs hƿīlum oferflēded mid gōde gærse, and scylc land ion Flandrisce hātte meersen, þe segþ "hammas", and þæt ƿord meers is cynn þæs ƿordes "mærsc", ac þēos meersen ne sind ā under ƿætre. Þis land ƿæs sƿīðe gōd for scēapum þe macodon ƿull for clāðum. Sōþlīce ƿæs Gænt in Middelre Ielde sēo hefigoste burg for clāðe.
Gænt ƿæs burg, hƿǣr sēo ƿullbīsgung, frumlīce gestaðelod æt Bricge, scōp þone ǣrestan Europiscan bīsgungeodor in þǣre Hēan Middelielde; the mercantile zone was so highly-developed that wool had to be imported from England. Þis ƿæs ān þāra raca for Flanderes gōdum sibbe mid Englalande.
Glīƿsīðung
thumb|300px|right|[[Belfry of Gænt. Behindan Him is Sanctes Nicholas cirice gesīene.]] Much of the city's medieval architecture remains intact and is remarkably well preserved. Its center is the largest carfree area in Belgium. Interesting highlights are the Saint Bavo Cathedral with the Ghent Altarpiece, the belfry, the gravensteen, and the Graslei. The city is host to some big cultural events such as the Gentse Feesten, I Love Techno, Flanders International Film Festival Ghent and Festival van Vlaanderen. Night bus services (weekends only) are free of charge.
In Gænte is ƿīd hȳþ and þǣrtō scytt Ghent-Terneuzen Canal ƿæterƿeg of Terneuzen ceastre þe is on sǣriman Westerschelde flēotes.
In Gænte ƿearþ ācenned Charles V and he ƿearþ Hālig Rōmisc Cāsere and Cyning Hispaniae. and þǣr ēac ƿearþ ācenned John of Gaunt, Dux Lonceastres. Þǣr man underseglode se Treaty of Ghent and hit in ǣƿe endode þā Gūðe Gēares 1812 betƿēox Brytene and þǣm USA.
Iesus
thumb|Iesus Iesus (oþþe Ihesus, Jesus) is se ƿeorþlic ƿiht on crīstendōme. Þā Crīstnas hine nemnaþ Iesus Crist (of Hebrēisce ?ישוע, יהשוע [Yĕšūa‘], and Χριστός (Christos)). Hē hatte ēac Iesus Nasarenisc forþǣm hē ƿunode on Nazareþ, þēah þæt hē ƿæs on Bethleheme geboren.
Crīstnas gelīefaþ hē ƿǣre geƿyrdelic man and hē lifde fram ymbe (6–4 BC oþ ymbe AD 29–33), and manig (ac nā eall) ƿoruldlic scōleras cnāƿaþ þā sceaf Iesuse. Crīstnas ēac gelīefaþ, be þǣre geƿitegunge þǣre feoƿera godspella, þe sind þā forman bēc þǣre Nīƿu Gecȳþnes on þǣre Biblia, þæt Iesus ƿæs se Hælend and se Sunu Godes. Se nama Christos secgeð þæt he ƿǣre "gesealfod," þæt is þæt God hine of ƿerum gesundrode tō hālignesse. Tō æthreddenne us fram þǣm ǣƿigan deaðe in þǣre Helle, hē stearf for ūrum synnum on þǣm Crístesmǣle (on þǣre rōde) æt Golgota, ǣgyltas þe ƿē dōþ ƿiþ Gode and ƿiþ ǣghƿilcum ōðrum. Tō āƿinnenne þone deaþ, nam Jesus se Hælend sige ofer þǣm deaðe on ðriddum dæge. Hē āstōd fram dēaðe and þæt græf opennode.
Ian Magen
right|thumb|200px|Ian Magen right|thumb|200px|Ian Magen oþ Rodor right|thumb|200px|Ian Magnes stoƿ Ian Magen is Norþmanna īeg in þæm īsgebuden garsecge. Fȳrbeorg geƿrohten is þēos īeg and hie belimpeþ þæs Norrena rīce.
Ian Magen is 34 mīla lang (of sūþƿest oþ norþeast) and hiere stede is 144 mīla be þæm feoƿerscīte. Micel dǣl is be īsflōd beƿrog ymbe þæm Beerenbeorg, se is his mǣsta hlǣƿ. Þēos īeg hæfþ tƿegen dālas: here norþēastdǣl, Nord-Jan be naman (se is ("Norþ-Ian"), and hiere lǣssa dǣl, Sør-Jan (se is "Sūþ-Ian") þara hlenc is landhals healf tƿā mīla lang.
Þēos īeg līþ 400 mīla be norþēastan Īslande, 300 mīla be ēastan Grēnelande and 600 mīla be ƿestan Norþƿeges Norþnǣsse. Beorgfæst is þēos īeg and hiere hēasta topp is on Beerenbeorg, se is fȳrbeorg in þæm norþdǣl, and stent 7,470 fēt ofer þæm brime. Lūh hæfþ Ian Magen on þæm landhals; Sørlaguna (se is Sūþ Mere), and Nordlaguna (se is Norþ Mere). Þridde mere is Ullerenglaguna be naman.
Rīce
Ian Magen belimpeþ Norrena Rīce and his Gereca is Nordlandes Scīrgerēfa, oððæt ðe micel ealdordōm ofer Ian Magne hæfþ se cyning gegifen þæm ƿichlāforde þæs heriges on þære īege.
Nān būþ on þære īege būton menn þæs Norþiscan Heriges oððe þæs Norðiscan Ƿederlār Staðol, and ætsammen sind þās 18 menn be ƿintre and 35 men on sumer.
Ian Magen næfþ hȳð and manige scipu habbaþ in ƿræcce on þissum rīm geƿeard gebrōcen. For lyftcræfte is ān feld mid ceoslen rynƿeg: eahta lyftcræfte comon hēr oþ Bodø ælc gear.
Eowland
right|thumb|250px|Isernieldan byrgen on Eoƿlande right|100px|Eowland on þǣm Swēoniscum landscipum Eoƿland (Öland) is landscipe þāra Sƿēona. Hit is īeg on Ōstsǣ be Sƿēolandes ēasternum sǣrīme.
Ƿulfstān ƿrāt:
"Ƿeonoðland him ƿæs on stēorbord, and on bæcbord him ƿæs Langaland and Læland and Falster and Scōnēg; and þās land eall hȳrað tō Denemearcan. And þonne Burgenda land ƿæs ūs on bæcbord, and þā habbað him sylf cyning. Þonne æfter Burgenda lande ƿǣron ūs þās land þā synd hātene ǣrest Blecinga ēg, and Meore and Eoƿland and Gotland on bæcbord; and þās land hȳrað tō Sƿēon."
In Ƿīdsīð ƿē rēadaþ: <Blockquote> Breoca Brondingum, Billing Ƿernum. Osƿine ƿēold Eoƿum ond Ytum Gefƿulf, Fin Folcƿalding Fresna cynne. Sigehere lengest Sædenum ƿēold, Hnæf Hocingum, Helm Ƿulfingum, </Blockquote>
Underburg
Underbyrg sind gebūna scīra þe licgaþ ǣghƿæðer ge on þǣm outer rim sumre burge ge outside the official limits sumre burge (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation. <!-- (The form of the word may tempt one to think that "suburb" was originally a shortened form of the adjective "sub-urban," but the very thorough histories of English words found in the Oxford English Dictionary appear to indicate otherwise. That dictionary quotes a book published in 1433 thus: "Not ferre out of the toun In a subarbe callyd Rysbygate.")
The presence of certain elements (whose definition varies amongst urbanists, but usually refers to some basic services and to the territorial continuity) identifies a suburb as a peripheral populated area with a certain autonomy, where the density of habitation is usually lower than in an inner city area, but state or municipal house building will often cause departures from that organic gradation. Suburbs have typically grown in areas with abundance of flat land near a large urban zone, usually have minimal traditions of citizens clustering together for defence behind fortified city walls and with transportation systems which allow the commuting into more heavily populated areas with higher levels of commerce.
Many charecteristics of suburbia were found in Australia as early as the 19th century. With huge expanses of land needing to be populated, lack of need for defense as well as the popularization of railroads contributed to sprawling urbanism somewhat resembling suburbia, however the key commerce element (commuting to work) was not really there. The term suburb as used in Australia reflects this and thus has a slightly ambiguous meaning. Suburbs there are official postal and addressing subdivisions of a city. Inner suburbs are subdivisions within the denser urban areas of the cities, and correspond to what would be called neigbourhoods in North American cities. For instance, Ultimo, postcode 2007, is an inner suburb of Sydney, even though it lies within the boundaries of the City of Sydney. Locals will refer to Ultimo as a suburb even though it is a densely urban neigbourhood. Outer suburbs are the postal divisions found in the outer rings of the metropolitan areas, and usually lie within the boundaries of a separate city, such as the City of Parramatta.
Many people equate suburbs with early planned cities such as Levittown, NY and Rohnert Park, CA. Rohnert Park a suburb of Santa Rosa, CA and San Francisco, CA was originally marketed marketed in the late 50's as, "A Country Club for the middle class."
In the U.S.A., suburbs traditionally were residential areas with single-family homes located near to shopping areas, schools and with good access to Trains, Freeways or other transportation systems. Now, partly due to increased populations in many greater metropolitan areas, suburbs can be densely populated and contain apartment buildings, town homes, in addition to office complexes and light manufacturing facilities. It is not unusual for suburbs to house several hundred thousand people. In fact, many American suburbs are now larger than other urban population centers. For example, Mesa, Arizona (a suburb of Phoenix, Arizona), is larger than St. Louis, Missouri; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Salt Lake City, Utah, and grew at a much faster rate than even Phoenix between 1990 and 2000. The largest suburbs in the United States, in order, based on Census 2000, are Mesa, Arizona; Virginia Beach, Virginia; Oakland, California; Arlington, Texas; Santa Ana, California; and Anaheim, California.
In one metropolitan area, the Hampton Roads area of Virginia, the largest city is actually a suburb, namely Virginia Beach, which is the largest city in all of Virginia. The urban core of the area lies in Norfolk, which will soon become the third-largest city in the region; Chesapeake is growing at a rate that will probably see it also surpass Norfolk in population well before the 2010 Census. --><!--
Origins
Many Sociologists see suburbs as a post urban area which develops in response to worsening conditions withen a city with a communication and transportation system which allows citizens to live outside the city while doing business inside.
The growth of suburbs was initially facilitated by the development of zoning laws and more effective and accessible means of transportation. In the older cities of the northeast U.S., suburbs originally developed along train or trolley lines that could shuttle workers into and out of city centers where the jobs were located. This practice gave rise to the term bedroom community or dormitory, meaning that most daytime business activity took place in the city, with the working population leaving the city at night for the purpose of going home to sleep. The growth in the use of trains, and later automobiles and highway construction, increased the ease with which workers could have a job in the city while commuting in from the suburbs. In the United Kingdom railways stimulated the first mass exodus to the suburbs, which were described as "Metroland" around London, and were mostly characterised by semi-detached houses. As car ownership rose and wider roads were built, the commuting trend accelerated as in North America. This trend towards living away from towns and cities has been termed the urban exodus.
Elpendbānrima
Elpendbanrima (Côte d'Ivoire) is land in Affrican.
Underburg
Origins
Zoning laws also contributed to the location of residential areas outside of the city center by creating wide areas or "zones" where only residential buildings were permitted. Manufacturing and commercial buildings were segregated in other areas of the city.
Elpendbānrima
Rocher Man.jpg
Underburg
Origins
Increasingly, due to the congestion and pollution experienced in many city centers (accentuated by the commuters' vehicles), more people moved out to the suburbs. Along with the population, many companies also located their offices and other facilities in the outer areas of the cities. This has resulted in increased density in older suburbs and, often, the growth of lower density suburbs even further from city centers. An alternative strategy is the deliberate design of "new towns" and the protection of green belts around cities. Some social reformers attempted to combine the best of both concepts in the Garden City movement.
The development of the sky-scraper and the sharp inflation of downtown real estate prices also led to downtowns being more fully dedicated to businesses pushing residents outside the city centre. By 1980 this was often perceived as undesirable, extending travel times and adding to people's sense of isolation and fear in central areas outside trading hours.
While suburbs had originated far earlier, the suburban population in North America exploded after World War II. Returning veterans wishing to start a settled life moved en masse to the suburbs. Between 1950 and 1956 the resident population of all US suburbs increased by 46%. During the same period of time, African-Americans were rapidly moving north for better jobs and educational opportunities than they could get in the segregated South, and their arrival in Northern cities en masse further stimulated white suburban migration.
Suburbs today
A socio-political movement called "New Urbanism" or "Smart Growth" is currently in vogue in the U.S.A., Canada and northern Europe. This movement among city planners, builders, and architects holds that denser, more city-like communities with less rigid zoning laws and mixed-use buildings are desirable. Such communities ease traffic since people do not need to commute as far and may foster a better sense of community among residents. Some of these communities seek to reduce car-dependency (and thus the use of personal automobiles) wherever possible. This movement has resulted in both the construction of new developments that embody these principles, and renovation of areas in existing city centers for new residential and commercial activities.
In the UK, the government is (2003) seeking to impose minimum densities on newly approved housing schemes in parts of southeast England. Whether any society succeeds in reducing the average distance travelled by each citizen by means of such planning strategies remains to be seen. The new catchphrase is 'building sustainable communities' rather than housing estates. In England this is displacing the now discredited notion of 'urban villages' but the credibility of both ideas is challenged by the increasing involvement of commercial interests in developing new hospitals, secondary schools and public transport services. Commercial concerns tend to retard the opening of services until a large number of residents have occupied the new neighbourhood.
In the illustrative case of Rome, Italy, in the 1920s and 1930s, suburbs were intentionally created ex novo in order to give lower classes a destination, in consideration of the actual and foreseen massive arrival of poor people from other areas of the country. Many critics have seen in this development pattern (that was circularly distributed quite in every direction) also a quick solution to a problem of public order (keeping the unwelcome poorest classes - together with criminals, in this way better controlled - comfortably remote from the elegant "official" town). On the other hand, the expected huge expansion of the town soon effectively covered the distance from the central town, and now those suburbs are completely engulfed by the main territory of the town, and other newer suburbs were created at a little distance from them.
The suburbs and more distinct settlements around a town or city may look towards the urban area for goods, services and employment opportunities. That wider area may be called the hinterland of the town or a "city region". In the era before motorised travel, the radius of the hinterland roughly coincided with the distance that livestock could be herded to and from a market during daylight hours. In lowland areas without severe geographic barriers to movement a spacing of towns between 15 and 20 miles is therefore quite common. Suburbs with a healthier environment are often found upwind of those parts of a town or city where heavy industry was first established. Naturally the suburbs suffering air pollution more frequently tended to be cheaper and hence tend to be occupied by those with lower incomes.
Affluent suburban life is portrayed in the ABC television series Desperate Housewives.-->
Fȳrspringend
right|thumb|300px|Fȳrspringendas Fȳrspringend oþþe berstend is andtimber þe springþ þurh onginn stranges andtimberandsƿare and forþbirþ lyfte and hāt. Fȳrspringendas habbaþ on heora ƿeorce hefige brǣdende fremminge þe cann līchamlīce derigan. Hit is frǣcenful tō brūcenne hīe unrihtlīce.
Iberia
Iberia is Europan sūðƿest dæl. Þis land is fēoƿerscyt mid brime ymbe and landgemæro ƿið Franclande be his norþēast rīme, and sƿylc landgemæro is Pireni beorgas. Iberia has þrēo rīce, þe sind Ispania, Portugal and Andorra, as æt his sūðernum ecg is Calpis se Bryttisc ofersǣ landscipe.
Hit is seo ƿesternmeste þāra þrie micla Sūþeurope nǣssena, hƿǣrof sind Iberia, Italia and Crecland, and mǣst on þissum, mid stede 225,000 mīla þæs fēoƿerscytes.
Be sūþēasten þisses land in be ēasten him is Ƿendelsǣ, and be norðen be ƿesten and be ƿestsūþen is se Garsecge. Þā Pireni beorgas is Iberie norþēastern ecg, þā bedæleþ hie of Europan lāf. Be sūðen cymmþ nēah Affrican norþrīm.
Paulus Oriosius (se ƿæs of þissum land) secgð ðe in ǣrdagum ƿæron Sceltiberi landfolc hēr. Rōmƿara geaf hit þone naman Hispania, se is Ispania on Englisc, and todæg nemneþ þæt mæste rīce Iberie.
Zaza
Zaza oþþe Dımli (zazalar) sind folc. Zazas folc gereord is Zaza sprǣc, þe is Dımli agansprǣc.
Ǣghnōg
right|200px
Ǣȝhnōg is sƿēt drinc meolce staþoles þe man macaþ mid meolce, rēame, sƿētstāne and bēatenum ǣġrum and þe man ġesyflaþ cinnamon and muscata. Hit mæġ ēac behabban līþ.
Ǣȝhnōg is folcliċ in American on ƿintertīde and on Ȝēole.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is hīred biliþƿealdbǣrra ƿeorcendebyrdnessa þā sind geƿorht and gecīeped fram Microsoft.
Microsoft geīhte MS-DOS mid ƿeorcƿīsan þe hātte Windows þæs 1985. gēares. Windows is nū sēo folclīcoste ƿeorcendebyrdness on sunderspearctellendum - hit hæfþ mā þonne 90% þǣre cēaptōdǣlunge, þe is mā þonne seō mǣþ Mac OS, þe ƿæs geypped on þǣm 1984. gēare.
Sēo nīƿoste bycgenda fadung hātte Windows 10. Þǣr is gesibb ƿeorcendebyrdness on searusprecendum þe hātte Windows 10 Mobile.
Island
Island is iegþeod in þæm norðernan Westsæ, geseted betweonan Grenelande be westen him and þære Faroiscum Eegum be suþeastan þissum lande. Se ðeodgereord se het Eslendisc is gamelu tunge gelic Ealdnorðisc.
Stær
Heafodgewrit: Islandes stær
Esland wearþ first gesetled fram Scedelandsætum, mæst fram Norþmannum, and mid Iriscum and Scyttiscum þeowas in þæm late 9. and þæm 10. gearhund. Þisses folcess witenagemot, se het Alþing, wæs gestaðoled in 930.
Toronto
Toronto is ċeaster in sūðernre Ontarie in Canadan. Toronto is hēafodstōl Ontarie. Toronto hæfþ 2,518,772 lēoda.
Þunor
right|thumb|260px|"Þunres beadu ƿiþ þā entas" be [[Mårten Eskil Winge, 1872]]
Þunor is rēadhǣrod and bēardod Ōs þæs þunres, þæs Þēodisces Hǣðenscipes, and his underǣ Norþmannisc Hǣðenscipe. His nama on Nīƿenglisce is Thor, Ealdnorþmannisce is Þórr, on Ealdseaxisce is Thunaer and on Ealdhēahþēodisce is Donar, ealle sind fram Ealdorlicum Þēodisce *Þunraz genumen. Se nama "Þunor" þæs Ōses þæs þunres ƿæs ēac se fīfta planēta þǣre Sunnlican Endebyrdnesse āgnede, forðām on Þēodisce Hǣðenscipe. Þunor is ēac se Ōs þǣre gedriðe.
Langfordscīr
Langfordscīr is scīr on Īrlande þære Cynewīsan, onmiddan þǣm lande. Hēo belimpeð Leinster þæt underrīce
Niðer Canada
right|thumb|230px|Niðer Canadan stede Niðer Canada þæt Underrīce (Province du Bas-Canada) ƿæs underrīce oþðe landbūnes in Bryttiscum Norðamerican þærof his land ƿæron andlang Sanctes Laurentes Ēa and be Sanctes Laurentes Byhtes ecgum. Hit oferbeƿreag þā land þā sind nū Cƿuebeces sūþdæl and Labrador. (Labrador ƿæs gegiefen to Nīƿgefundenlande in 1809.) Beƿesten him ƿæs Ūpcanada, se læg ufor on Sanctes Laurenties flōde.
Þis underrīce gestaþolde se Bryttisc lēodƿeard in 1791 and hit læstede oþ 1841 þan Bretƿare geānede hit mid Ūpcanadan þe hie ƿearden ætgædre Canada þæt Underrīce.
Niðer Canada ƿæs gesundrod of Nīƿe Franclande sƿylce land ƿæs Frenciscu landbūnes beforan Brettas hie ofergehiersumode in þæm Seofenƿinterlang Geƿinn; þȳ be niede ēod Hloðƿig XV Francena Cyning eall þæt land þæm Bretta rīce þæt ƿæs ǣr Nīƿe Francland and sƿylce landscipe þærin ƿunoden manig Francas ƿeard Cƿuebec þæt Underrīce. Of Cƿuebec ƿæs Niðer Canada þæt Underrīce gesundrod in 1791 and Upcanada þæremid.
Þis underrīce ƿæs afylled in 1841 þan Upcanada and Niðer Canada ƿæron geāned in Canada þæt Underrīce.
Burma
Burma is land on Asie, be Indeum ēastan. Burma is hāt land mid hēaum beorgum, þiccum ƿealdum, and manigum lēodum.
Burma lōcode tō þǣm Bryttiscan Rīce in þǣm nigontēoþan gēarhunde; eall Burma ƿæs Bryttisc landrīce oþ þæt 1886. gēar and hƿīle ƿæs hēo Bryttiscre Indie dǣl. Burman sundorrīcehād ƿearþ gegifen in þǣm 1948. gēare ac hēo ne ƿearþ Þēodacyneƿīsan rīce.