cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Mafana’ay kiso tono mita o Pangcah/’Amis to masamaanay kopi saroma’ to kalo’aol haw?
'''Mafana’ay kiso tono mita o Pangcah/’Amis to masamaanay kopi saroma’ to kalo’aol haw? (你知道我們阿美族如何用竹子蓋房子嗎?)''' Mafana’ay kiso haw hakowaay to koka kaharafin no ‘aol a sasaroma’en no mita o Pangcah/’Amis itini i Taywan? Ara:tek nanotoa’s tahanini i pakaaraay to topinapi:na a mihecaan.
Nawhani o ‘aol hananay, caay ka re:cad to kalofak^loh ato malad a ngaay harafing a sasaroma’en, sanaw caay kangaay a hapinangen to kalo mih^caan no nira. nikaorira tadamaan to ko pisanga’ ami saloma’ ato kalomaanmaan sakatayar ko ‘aol hananay.
Romasato, iraay ko pinanama no mita o Pangcah i tini i roma a finacadan to sakafana’ amisanga to kalomaamaan, nikaorira iraay kono mita o Pangcah to sakafana’ to ‘aol ami sasanga to roma’ ato kalomaamaan a sakatayar, ano o pongki to, ano o pa^dangan to, ano o tapira’ to, ano o caina to, ano o halac to, ano o cadiway to, ano saasik to, to kalo maanmaan to saka ‘olip i, awaay ko ma’osaway. Arate^k caayho pakatoor ko roma a finacadan.
Samaanen no Pangcah/’Amis ami saroma’ ko ‘aol ?
Ano omaanto a ‘aolan i, nga’ayay to a sapisaroma’, ano o hecek to, ano o patih to, ano fadahong to, ano kafoti’an to fakelar, haro pa’ayama, pakoloan, pafafoyan, romasa o ‘adiber no rikot ato omah, awaay ko caay ka o ‘aol ko sapisanga. Anoya tatangaay a tapangan a fitonay ato te^kis i, mangaay a maro hecek no roma’ ato ‘adiber, mangay a paroma to ‘aol a maro ‘adiber no omah ato niyaro’, aca o sapi’ading to fali, yaki^minay a ‘aol toya foro’ ato kintor hananay i, ma^deng a maro patih no roma’.
Masamanay ko pinaang no Pangcah/‘Amis to ‘aol.
Estados Unidos
Estados Unidos
Mafana’ay kiso tono mita o Pangcah/’Amis to masamaanay kopi saroma’ to kalo’aol haw?
Nawhani ano o ‘aol ko sapisaroma’ ato sapisanga to kalo maamaan a lalodisan i, ranikayay a cifawo a mapohed, ano o padih to, ano o ‘adiper to, ano karaheciken to, caay ka pina amihecaan i, mapoheday to, sanaw miharateng to cangra to sakahalafinaw no ‘aol a caay ka ranikay a mapohed.
Sakacicay : Sasawen to nanom tiya pacolemem i fanaw to pinapina a romia^d,tiya hadaken pawali tosa pipatay tona fawo, ami
sa’ateka tora ‘aol.
Sakatosa : Hodhoden to ‘acefer no namar, tosapipatayaw tora fawo no ‘aol, romasahaw, maherek ami saroma miroroh to
namar i raroma’ no roma’ topinapina a romia’d, tiya caay kacifawo ko roma’ osanay. omisangaan tora pongki,
p^dangan, caina,….hatiraay toko tayal.
Oranan apisaroma’ ato pisanga’ no mita o mato’asay Pangcah/’Amis i, o fana’ nangra to tayal to pakayraay tora ‘aol, romasato i mafanaay haca ko mato’asay ami todis to podac no ‘aol, ato mitolik to fakelar, ato mipatadipi to ‘aol misanga to patih ato fadahong aca o’adiper.(Suman2023/06/01)
Thailand
Thailand（泰國）
thumb|Flag of Thailand|alt=Flag of Thailand thumb|Location of  Thailand  (green)in ASEAN  (dark grey)  –  [Legend]
Itini i 15 00 N, 100 00 E, no Asiya ko Thailand. Polong no sekalay i 513,120 sq km “saka 51 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 510,890 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 2,230 sq km ” Polong i 69,950,850 ko tamdaw.
sera（土地） Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen a sera 41.20%, Malo no kilakilangan a sera 37.20%, malo no roma to a sera 21.60%.
siyoto（首都） O Bangkok（曼谷）ko Siyoto.
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad（國家紀念日） Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakatosa ko safaw 5 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i ci Vajiralongkorn, patirengan a romi’ad i 2016 a miheca saka 10 folad saka 13 a romi’ad.
Pi’arawan to lakaw
Yohae’
Yohae’（高峰部落）
Itiniay i Wufeng Cen no Hsinchu ko Yohae’ a niyaro’, 61  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 187 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
97% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 182 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 3% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   5 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Saysiyat55%, Tayal39%, Paiwan1%, Seediq1%, roma3%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Mamnoon Hussain
thumb|Mamnoon Hussain 2014|alt=Mamnoon Hussain 2014.jpg
I 1940 a miheca(年) saka 12 folad saka 23 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Mamnoon Hussain, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Pakistan(巴基斯坦) anini i ci Mamnoon Hussain, patirengan(建立) a romi’ad i 2013 a miheca saka 9 folad saka 9 a romi’ad.
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Tadamakapah
tadamakapah
Luluna
Luluna（羅娜部落）
86% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 1,394 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 14% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i, 223 ko tamdaw.
Ira ko picodadan(羅娜國小、羅娜國小附幼) i niyaro’.
Ira ko imeng(信義分局羅娜派出所) i niyaro’.
Ira ko paisingan(羅娜衛生所) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Slovakia
thumb|Flag of Slovakia|alt=Flag of Slovakia thumb|Location of  Slovakia  (dark green)– in Europe  (green & dark grey)– in the European Union  (green)  –  [Legend]
Itini i 48 40 N, 19 30 E, noYoropi ko Slovakia. Polong no sekalay i 49,035 sq km “saka 131 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 48,105 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 930 sq km ” Polong i 5,445,802 ko tamdaw.
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen a sera 40.10%, Malo no kilakilangan a sera 40.20%, malo no roma to a sera 19.70%.
siyoto(首都) O [Bratislava ko Siyoto.
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakasiwa 1 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i ci Andrej Kiska, patirengan a romi’ad i 2014 a miheca saka 6 folad saka 15 a romi’ad.
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Mangcel
Muntiacus reevesithumb|Mangcel
Yubang
Yubang（上宇內部落）
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan ko Yubang a niyaro’, 18  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  74 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
93% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 69  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 7% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   5 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal88%, Amis3%, roma3%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Mikowanay to kalofinacadan a sa’opo^
Mikowanay to kalofinacadan a sa’opo^(Wp/ ami/Sowal no Holam:原住民委員會)
Yoweri Museveni
Yoweri Museveni
thumb|Yoweri Museveni September 2015|alt=Yoweri Museveni September 2015.jpg
Mamo^tepay a tafedo no pinalengaw
Mamo^tepay a tafedo no pinalengaw （十心菜）
O nikaenan no’Amis a dateng to sarariday masowalay(被告知) no ’alomanay i, “mamo^tapay a faloco’ a dateng” hananay ko ngangan(名稱) i sowal no Kowaping(中文). Ira ko dongec no ’oway(藤心), talacay(林投樹), naliti’, lengac(月桃), ’icep(檳榔心), cangrad, tefos(甘蔗), tiy-so, ’afinong, hay-caw.
“Faloco’” hananay i, oya tafedo no pinalengaw(嫩葉). Ona mamo^pay a tafedo’ no pinalengaw i, o dongec ato naliti’ ko saadihayay a malo hakakaenen(最常吃的), hasakadademak no tamdaw ko lengaw(芽) naira. Makari’ang to ko ka’oripan nopinalengaw, awaay to ko lengaw no hay-caw, saka cowa to kakomaen ko ’Amis to tafedo no hay-caw.
Yoweri Museveni
O Sawara’an no kitakit no Uganda anini i ci Yoweri Museveni, patirengan a romi’ad i 1986 a miheca saka 1 folad saka 29 a romi’ad.
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Pakelang
Pakelang （Kuwaping a sowal : 漁撈祭(慶功/除邪)）
Ira ko ci ramoday, cipadesay ato kaacangan a romi’ad, mimingay a demak mato pararamod to kapah ato kaying ato mipafahfah to adaday a pisalisin no cikawasay a demak, o tata’akay a demak i, mato paherek patireng to loma’, caay kaeca ira ko pakelang sanay a demak no Pangcah, deng itini i Fata’an a sa’etal ato Tafalong, onini kalipahakan a mifotingay a demak i, mili’alac han nangra, ci mapatayay ato cipadesay a demak, malepon ko demak, o pakelang han nangra, onini tosaay a demak todongay malepon to demak awaay to ko lisin sanay, o no laday to ko ’orip.
Pi’arawan to lakaw
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
O pikiningan ci Makay Foksian a lomi’ad (馬偕博士紀念日)
Naitini i 1871 amihecaan, iraay ko naitiniay i Kanata(加拿大)hananay a kanatar, to matayaray mipat’enakay tosowal no Kawas ci Makay(馬偕) ami rakowi to riyaar atainy i Taywan(台灣), marawod ko pangkiw no mihecaan mafana’ to ami sano payrang(河洛/台語) a somowal, ami patenak to sowal no Kawas, malawod ko cecay a mihecaan i, mirakowi to kalolotok ato kalo’alo a taira i Towcen(頭城) no Yilan(宜蘭) hananay a niyalo’, saworakat sanay ko tayal nira ami rahci mitilid to likisi(歷史) no Taywan itini tora 19~20 mihecaan, tadamaan ko pitilid nira to kalomaamaan no rengos ato kilang, ato sota', ato kolotamtamdaw no Taywan hananay.
Itini i kalolomia’mia’d nira ami sarakarakat a tayra icowaco:wa i, micomod to kasanialo’ ami patenak to sowal no Kawas, ato amiadah to ciadadaay, ato mipatireng topicodadan, iraay amatidi nira ko kalo’orip no Yincoming(原住民), aca topipatileng nira to sa’ayaway a pina’angan to kalomaamaan a Powokan(博物館) hananay, adihay ko pihamham nira to i Taywanay a damdaw, aca ma’osaw ira ama tilid ko kafahekaan a demak a kimmad.
Itini i rolay ni Makay(馬偕) a matayal i, caay to komamasa’osi ko hakowaay toko miadahan nira to adada no tileng ato mihinoman nira to faloco’ no kolotamtamdaw, tagasa i ka’ayaw no paday nira a ciadada to tata^akay to aycen(癌症) no takoraw nira, a tangasa to a caay kaga’ay ninga a caciyaw, nikaorira paci^ci sacingra a pakaynien nira i tilid a nipasifana’ to minanamay a damdaw, tangasa i 1901.06.02 a mihcaan ato folad ato romi’ad i, itira cingra i Tangsoy(淡水) a mapatay, ami rahci toya misowalan nira to「ngaay a matodoh, mikikaka toka pohed 」(寧願燒盡、不願銹壞).
Itini tora pikiningan toka kapatayan aromia’d ni Makay foksi(馬偕博士) i, matiyatona sano pairangay a misangaan nira a ‘olic kosapa rikor ami pahapinang to polong no ‘olip nira :
Yuchi
Yuchi（魚池鄉）
O pikiningan ci Makay Foksian a lomi’ad (馬偕博士紀念日)
「Toninian polong toka olahan no mako a Taywan. Polongen ako ami pafeli itini tisowanan. Toninian polong toka olahan no mako a Taywan. Polong kaolahan ako masahetoay to itini. Itini i ‘owu’owulan ama’alaw ako ko karoloto. Pakayni i ’owu’owulan amanengneng ako ko enar. Mitapar to tapelik no riyal pasayla ira:ay to niaro’. Tadamaan ko olah nomako ami tatapal. Caayko mamiliyas ko faloco ako to Taywan. O polong no ‘orip no mako saheto saan on miso. Caaiko mamiliyas ko faloco’ ako to Taywan. O lipahak no faloco’ nomako saheto saan ono miso. Nanay itini i tolas no ‘rip no mako. Naitini i pisariyariyaw no tapelik no riyar ama soni. Naitini i pingiyangi no ‘adingo no ‘aol ato kilang. Pakakera to katangasaan no ‘orip ako aminokay. Tadakaolahan polong no faloco’ ako Taywan. Ya ! 」
Naitini tora ‘olic mahapinang toko faloco’ nira to olah tonian sota noniyaro’, matiyato o ninian mitiridan ni Makay Hakasi(馬偺博士) a ‘olic, polong no ‘olip nira a mapatorod i tini i Taywan, tangasa itolas no sasela’an ningra.
Yuchi
Itini i Nantou ko Yuchi Siyang. sa’osi han ko po:long no palaan i, ira ko 124.35 km² (lalotolotokan a plalan no sa’osi i ira ko 52.93 km², o palaan noto’as i'a:yaw i ira ko 1.66 km²), 970 ko tamdaw i Yuchi Siyang, 348 ko parod no loma’, itini i niyaro’ a Yincomin sa’osi han ira ko  296 a tamdaw, pakaala to 31%(Thau) no polong no tamdaw. Itini i niyaro’ a finawlan, o Payrang ko sa’alomanay.
O pikiningan ci Makay Foksian a lomi’ad (馬偕博士紀念日)
6 Folad 2 lomi’ad, mapolong kita ami kansa to naitiniay i Kanata(加拿大) a tada Taywan a damdaw ci Makay Foksi(馬階博士) !
O mitiridan naitini i 《Kaolahan Taywan》a Facebook to wangye(網頁)
Stacis
stacis（寒溪巷部落）
Yuchi
O kasaniyarona
13 ko cun, 1 ko niyaro’ i Yuchi Siyang. Ita thao（伊達邵部落）.
Stacis
Itiniay i Datong Cen no Yilan ko stacis a niyaro’, 147 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 463 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
94% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 436 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 6% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  27 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal85%, roma8%.
Ira ko picodadan(寒溪國小) i niyaro’.
Ira ko imeng(三星分局寒溪派出所) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Tafokod
tafokod （網罟/褡褳）
Tafokod hananay o tayal no fahinay kapah no pangcah mafanaay a tyra i talawadaw ato riyar a mifoting, halikaen to pangcah tona foting, saka mido’do to mato’asay a minocos mateneay a demak.
Ano mangta to ilisin i, fafahinay a tayal konini tayra i aloaloan mifoting, sakaen no po:long a niyaroen.
Itira:ho o orip no sapangcahay i, o minocos to mahaanay a demak, cacay ka tawalen ko mahaanay a demk, o fafahinay tyra i talawadaw mi konglen, sasifanay no mama no kapah mahanaay a demak.
Pi’arawan to lakaw
Sowal no mama fuya na i koyo a niyaro a tamdaw http://www.amis.org.tw/
Slovenia
Slovenia（斯洛維尼亞）
thumb|Flag of Slovenia|alt=Flag of Slovenia thumb|Location of  Slovenia  (dark green)– in Europe  (green & dark grey)– in the European Union  (green)
Mananigay
Mananigay（馬拿尼開部落）
Slovenia
Itini i 46 07 N, 14 49 E, noYoropi ko Slovenia. Polong no sekalay i 20,273 sq km “saka 155 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 20,151 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 122 sq km ” Polong i 1,978,029 ko tamdaw.
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen a sera 22.80%, Malo no kilakilangan a sera 62.30%, malo no roma to a sera 14.90%.
Mananigay
Itiniay i Jinfeng(金峰) Cen no Taitung(台東縣) ko Mananigay a niyaro’, 34  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 116 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Slovenia
siyoto(首都) O [Ljubljana ko Siyoto.
Mangcelan
Mangcelan（滿自然部落）
Itiniay i Posko(玉里) Cen no Kalingko(花蓮縣) ko Mangcelan a niyaro’, 164 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 502 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
92% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 460 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 8% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,  42 ko tamdaw.
Slovenia
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakaenem 25 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i ci Borut Pahor, patirengan a romi’ad i 2012 a miheca saka 12 folad saka 22 a romi’ad.
Mangcelan
Ira ko paisingan(松浦衛生室) i niyaro’.
Slovenia
Pi’arawan to lakaw
Mangcelan
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Slovenia
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Mananigay
98% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 114 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 2% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,   2 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko.
Ira ko paisingan(金鋒衛生所) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Yuli
Yuli（玉里鎮）
Itini i Hualien ko Yuli. sa’osi han ko po:long no palaan i, ira ko 210.89 km² (lalotolotokan a plalan no sa’osi i ira ko 62.21 km², o palaan noto’as i'a:yaw i ira ko 14.21 km²), 12,299 ko tamdaw i Yuli, 4,458 ko parod no loma’, itini i niyaro’ a Yincomin sa’osi han ira ko 6,346 a tamdaw, pakaala to 52%(Amis) no polong no tamdaw. Itini i niyaro’ a finawlan, o Payrang ko sa’alomanay.
O kasaniyarona
15 ko cun, 20 ko niyaro’ i Yuli Cen/ Siyang. Angcoh（安通部落）, Afih（阿飛赫部落）, Harawan（哈拉灣部落）, Lingacay（苓雅仔部落）, Ceroh（春日部落）, Patawlinan（巴島力安部落）, Makotaay（瑪谷達璦部落）, Sedeng（瑟冷部落）, Tokar（都旮薾部落）, Lohok（洛合谷部落）, Posko（璞石閣部落）, Silangkong（喜瑯宮部落）, Cihakay（吉哈蓋部落）, Cilakesay（吉拉格賽部落）, Cinemnemay（吉能能麥部落）, Takay（達蓋部落）, Satefo（下德武部落）, Namisan（拿彌散部落）, Matadim（馬太林部落）, Mangcelan（滿自然部落）.
Tamayo’an
tamayo’an（大湳部落）
Itiniay i Nanzhuang Cen no Miaoli ko tamayo’an a niyaro’, 22  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  84 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
92% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 77  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 8% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   7 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Saysiyat76%, Tayal11%, Bunun4%, Amis1%.
Ira ko imeng(頭份分局蓬萊派出所) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Colorado
Colorado
Mikowanay to niyarowaro' a sa'opo^
left|thumb|100px|Mikowanay to niyarowaro' a sa'opo^ no [[Taywan]]
Yuluw
Yuluw（養老部落）
Itiniay i Jianshi Cen no Hsinchu ko Yuluw a niyaro’, 44  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 163 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
98% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 159 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 2% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   4 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal91%, Paiwan2%, Bunun1%, Truku1%, roma10%.
Ira ko Kiwkay(真耶穌教會養老祈禱所、養老天主堂) i niyaro’.
Georgia (Estados Unidos)
Georgia (Estados Unidos)
Snazi
Snazi（竹頭角部落）
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan ko Snazi a niyaro’, 99  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 303 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
82% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 249 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 18% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  54 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal80%, Amis1%, Bunun1%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Parin
Takaray a sowal(概要)
thumb|Hata no Parin a kitakit(Flag of Bahrain) O Parin Hontian a Kitakit(مملكة البحرين), o Parin hananay ko kalo panganga, itiraay i Sa’etipan no Aciya mingataay to salawacan no Posowan a riyar a kanatalan a kitakit, o tatapangan a syoto i,o Mainara (Arapiya a sowal :المنامة‎ Al Manāma). Adihay ko kanatal itini, o satata’angay a kanatal no Palin i,o Parin kanatal, nani ka’amis taratomol 55㎢ ko kato’edaw, saniwali tarasa’etip 18㎢ ko kakahad,polongen ko kakahad i,758㎢. Isaka’etip i,o Sawti Arapiya, matatongod to Fahe Honti Tata’akay Kayakay(Jisr al-Malik Fahd), o miracaray to riyar a kayakay konini. Isaka’amis to 200km o Ilan kitakit; o Katar Napecihan Kanatal itiraay i kawali no sakatimol. O kakarayan i, o Fa’edetay a Tafotafokan.
I 2021a mihecan a polong no tamdaw 1,234,571 ko tamdaw, ilaloma’ no nini i,ira ko 666,172 ko tamdaw o nani papotalay. O kacemahadan no Dilmun Punka(I’ayaw ni Yiso to 3000 ko miheca) ko Palin, itiya i 628 miheca, mala no Isalm a Pitooran a pala. Iaikor tono 19 sici, matatilid to kakaketonan ato Ikiris mala makowanan no Ikiris ko Palin, o Ikiris ko pa’adingay. 1971 miheca miliyas nani tini ko Ikiris, oya mikowanan no Ikiris a siwaay a kitakit, o Parin ato Katar misiiked a patireng to noniyah a kitakit, oya ’osaw to 7 mikowanan no Ikiris i, mapapolong a patireng to Arapiya Mapapolongay a Hontian Kitakit(United Arab Emirates;UAE), tahira sato i 2002 miheca, milekal ko Palin mala no Hontian Kitakit.
Tatapangan no sowal(語源)
O sowal no Arapiya to Baḥrayn hnanay i,o tosaay a ruyar(bahr) sanay ko imi ira，orasaka al-Bahray i,ona「tosa a riyar」sanay ko imi. Ona sowal tona Kolan hananay i,kina70 a thumb|Koracin(Qur'an and Rehal) i Korancin, isa’ayaw ho i,cowa ko Parin ko mitoro’an, o kawaliay a Arapiya Pecih Kanal ko mihaenan.[1] Itini tona palapalaan i,nani katimolay a Pasla al-Baṣrah no Posiwan, mahaop ko Parin, Kowito, Hasa Langdaway Faniyot, Katifo, Arapiya Mapapolongay a Hontian Kitakit(United Arab Emirates;UAE), Katar, Satimolan no Irako, tahira i ka’amis no Anman a madado’edo. O polong no sawali’an no Arapiya a lislis no riyar, tona cecay a patek ko mihecan sahetoay o Parin.[2] Nikawria, anini sato i,ona tosaay a riyar o sawali’an no Parin a kanatal ato i sak’etioay awawwan ko mitoro’an,[3] anoca o sa’amisan no kanatal ato satimolan a riyar ko mitoro’an.[4] Ira ho ko roma a pinengeng tona tosay kanatal, o kaheciday ato kalonanom a nemnem komitoro’an.[5] O roma a sowal i,ona tosaay a riyar hananay i,o Posiwan ato tata’akay a fanaw I ngata no Hasa Langdaway Faniyot sanay.[6]
I 1971 miheca saka 8 folad saka 15 romi’ad, oya mikowan no Tata’akay Alkahafa a Laloma’an a Hontian a Parin caay to ko mikowanan no Ikiris, kaheci sato ko pisiiked to Niyahpikowan a kitakit.
Rikisi(歷史)
I’ayaw ni Yiso a mihecan iraay to a mapatireng ko tata’akay a niyaro’, I’ayaw ni Yiso to 1000 a mihecan maro’ itini ko Finikki a tamdaw(Ikiris a sowal:Phoenicia), ikor ni Yiso to saka7 sici,mala o cecay a sakowan no Arapiya Hontian Kitakit, mirecep ko punka no thumb|Amir honti 1911 a mihecan(Prokudin-Gorskii-19-v2) , orasaka malapinangan no aniniay a Muslin. 1507~1602 mihecahecan ma’eco no Portokaro(Potawya), do’edo’edo sa i,o Posi Hotian Kitakit to ko mikowanay. 1783 miheca, mafelih no Parin ko pikowan no Posi,milekal to misaikeday a kitakit ko Parin.1920 miheca cowaten no Ikiris malanipaadingay a kitakit no Ikiris. I sakatosa a lalood no nitahepoan no kakarayan i 1940miheca saka10 folad malisawak no salifong no Italy ko Parin.1957 miheca, patedo sa ko Ikiris a milekal:「o nipaadingan no Ikiris a misaikeday a kitakit ko Parin」sanay. 1971 miheca saka 8 folad saka 14 romi’ad,laheci sato ko Pisaiked to Niyhakitakit, o「Parin Kitakit」hananay a pangangan. 2000miheca saka 2 folad saka 14 romi’ad, mafalic a pangangan to Parin Hontian Kitakit, o tapang no kitakit i falicen a pakahonti, o Honti ci Amir(Amīr), oya faloay ko coco’ a hata no kitakit i, rowanen a mifalic to ’enem a coco’ a hata.
Sici(政治)
Hontian Rikec a Kitakit ko faco no sici no Parin,o Honti ko Tapang no kitakit, orasak cowa to kahakowa ko sakowan a ’icel no sifo, nikawrira, o kasaniyaro’aro tata’angay ko thumb|Palafang ko congtong no Amirika ci Pusi(Hamad bin Issa Al Khalifa et Bush) a ’icel,manga’ay to a do’edo’edo han ko pinangan no kasaniyaro’ a mikowan to demak no niyah a niyaro’. Paninako han o Islam a niyaro’ o rikec no Islam Pitooran ko dado’edo’en a matayal, ono Kristo a niyaro’ ono Kristo a rikec ko dado’edo’en a matayal, ono Indo a niyaro’ ono Indo Pitooran a rikec ko dado’edo’en.[7]
I 2002 miheca saka 10 folad ptireng to Fafa'eday Pikaikian ato Kararemay Pikaikian, Tosaay ko Pikaikian a Faco no kitakit, o kiing no Fafa'eday Pikaikian a kiing i, o Honti ko mitoro’ay to sakalakiing, o Kararemay Pikaikian a kiing i,o misinkiwan ko kalakiing. Itini i taliyok no Arapiya o sarakatay a midemak to sinkiw no Pikaikian no Kitakit, o sarakatay a mihai to fafahiyan mitopa, mikihatiya to sici. Nikawria, i 2011 miheca ira ko sapifelihaw to sifo a sa’opo milongoc to sakatongal no kanga’ay no sici no Parin.[8]
Kasakowakowan (行政區)
O polong a kasakowakowan no Parin ira ko 4 a Sakowan, syoto sakowan, Mohalako sakowan(Muḥāfaẓat al-Muḥarraq),Ka’amisay sakowan ato Katimolay sakowan.
Palapalaan (地理)
I kawaliay no SawtiArapo ko Parin a kitakit,mingataay to saka’etipan no Posi a Kihaw, masadahdahay a ma’icangay a kanatanatal. Nani masadasdasay a tafotafokan cakat sa tahira i 134m nani tongroh no riyar, tangasa i sakatakarawayay a「ci’cefelay a lotok」(Mountain of Smoke). thumb|Faliyos no Tahefod(Sandstorm in Al Asad, Iraq) O polong a hahadaf no pala no Parin ira ko 665㎢, nikawrira, nipaloan to sera ko salawacan no riyar mala karopaw a pala, sa matongal ko kakahad to780㎢, ikaka no Ikiris a Man kanatal (Isle of Man) to mamang.
I sa’ayaw ’edengan 33 ko kanatal, nikawrira to ikor to i,paloen to sera ko salawacan no riyar a mafalic ko pala, i 2008 miheca saka 8 folad, o polong a kanatal tahiraay to i 84 ko kaadihay no ’osi no kanatal. Pakaynien i kakahad no kanatal a rayray o Parin a kanatal, do’edo sa i o Howar kanatal(Juzur Ḩawār), Muharako kanatal,Umoansan kanatal ato Sitola kanatal. thumb|Cicinah ko sera ato nanom(Salinity) O lilis no riyar ira ko 161km ko kato’edaw, cowa ka laliting ko kalala’edan to roma a kitakit.
O kacifrangan a kakarayan so’emtay fa’edetay, o kasi’enawan sa’emelay. O dafong no pala i, tada patahtahay to kasolin a simal, kaso no pala ato foting.Nikawrira, tada manikaway to kamaomahan a sera, o manga’ayay ka kaomahen a pala i,’edeng mahaop ko 2.8% no polong a pala no kitakit.
Yungkilu
Yungkilu（新路部落）
Parin
Palapalaan (地理)
O tafotafokan a pala i,mahaop ko 92% no polong a pala no kitakit. O latiih no pala i,caay ka ‘eca ka pisaliyaliyaw a ira ko kakedalan a mafetak to ko sota’ ato tata’akay a tahefod, orasak omisi’ayawan a tata’angay a inorong no taliyokan,o malatafok ko o’edengan a omah, masi’ac ko riyar a malatiih ko salawacan no ruyar ato rakarakan.O lalengatan nona latiih i,o nani kaira no tata’akay a taka micoro’ay to simal, mi’olacay to simal a pisanga’an ato misang’ay to dingki, mangalefay oya takaw sanay a matayal i Topoli a kihaw. O nanom ato sera sa i,cilamlam to cinah.
Yungkilu
Itiniay i Shizi Cen no Pingtung ko Yungkilu a niyaro’, 123 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 363 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Parin
Kakarayan(氣候)
Macara no nani tokos no Ilan, cilacila maiyof no la’enoay a fali ko Parin. I saka 6 a folad tahira i saka 7 folad o nani Ilako ato SawtiArapo a Faliyos no Tahefod maiyof ko Parin, cowa to ’araw ko ka’ayaway a mamaan. O kaciferangan no Parin caay ka filo ko fa’edet, nawhan i, italiyokay no Parin a riyar pangtaay, tangsol sanaay a macakat ko fa’edet, sa do’et sato ko romi’ad, mangalefay to dadayay. I kacifrangan a fa’edet i,tahiraay to i 50°C ko ka’akawang, o ‘orad sa i, caay ka hakowa, ‘edeng i kasi’enawan ko ka ’oradan, kairaan to pisa’osi to polong a ’orad to cecay a miheca o ’edengan 71.8 hawmi ko kaaduhay.
Tamdaw (人口)
I 2001 miheca a pisa’osian to tamdaw i, o polong ira ko 650,604 ko kaaloman no tamdaw no Parin, o nani patopatal a mafolaway a tayni a tamdaw cecay no kalitolo1/3. O sa’adihayay ko ni’aroan no tamdaw a tokai i,o Manamah(Manmah) ato Mohalako(Muharrq), o katongao no tamdaw to mihecaan latek 2.96%.Ono sifoan a sowal i,o Arapiya a sowal, nikawrira, ’aloman kono roma a kitakit a tamdaw itini sa o Ikiris a sowal ko kasasowal.
Yungkilu
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Paiwan88%, Tayal1%, Rukai1%, roma3%.
Parin
Pitooran(宗教)
Ono kitakit a mitoro’an ko Islam(Arapiya a sowal:الإسلام, al-’islām) a Pitooran, orasaka, o thumb|Korancin (Quran cover) no Parin sahetoay o mitooray to Muslin. O kasa’isal no Sinyi Felaw ato Sonni Felaw away ko no sifo a pisa’osi, latek mahaop ko 65~75% o Sinyi Felaw no Islam,nikawrira, o Sonni Felaw ko mikowan tona kitakit.[9] Caay ko Islam a Pitooran aca itini, ira ho ko misa Kristoay, ato mitooray to Indo a Kyokai. I 2010 miheca a pisa’osi to tamdaw i,o cowa ko Muslin a maro’ay itini a tamdaw ira ko 367,683 ko tamdaw.
Kicai(經濟)
Itiya ho o kihakihawan ko Parin a kitakit, o pi’a’alan to odo’ no fidac ato kalalo’acaan a pala, thumb|Misolinga'ay to kasoli simal(AlbaGallery8) maro’ay itini a tamtamdaw o mi’alaay to odo’ no fidac, mifoting ato malali’acaay ko ‘orip nangra. I 1933 miheca makera ko kasolin simal, o sa’ayaway a mikarkarray to kasolin a kitakit itini tona kihakihawan a pala, o sarad no kasolin ira ko 1712 ofad a ton, kaso no pala a sarad ira ko 924 ofad lifangmi(m³) ko kaadihay. O kahiceraan no kalafalican to payso no kalokitakit itini. Nengnengen kono i 2004 mihecaan a Kapolongan a Nitayal a’Epoc(Gross National Product:GNP) ira ko 100 ok kono Amirika a payso, ono Kala’isal no Kalotamdaw a Kapolongan ’Epoc(Gross national income,:GNI）i,13,590 kono Amirika a payso, o kacemahad no Kapolongan a Nitayal a’Epoc no kalotamdaw mahaop ko 5.6%, nipaliwalan a lalosidan no kitakit to cecay a miheca ira ko 145 ok kono Amirika a payso, ilaloma’ nonini i, o Ni’acaan ira ko 61 ok kono Amirika apayso, o niliwalan i,ira ko 84 ok kono Amirika a payso. thumb|Tahapinangan a simal(Erdoelprobe Wietze) O demak no pili’etan no Parin, masiwar nani 1985miheca masaromaroma ko kafalic no ’aca no simal. Tada macemahaday ko dingwa ato lalan, onini ko sakakahiceraan no kapolongan kaisya no pinapina a kitakit itini. Nikawrira, o lilomah a pala no Parin ’edeng 2.9% no polong no kitakit a sera, orasaka, ono i lalomaan no kitakit a Kapolonga a Nitayalan a ’Epoc ’edeng aca 0.5%, o losay to kaka’enen sahetoay o ni’acaan nani roma akitakit.
Yungkilu
Ira ko picodadan(麻里巴部落圖書資訊站) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Parin
Kicai(經濟)
Tada adihay ko awaay ko tayal a kapah ho a tamdaw. O kalacemcemay a demak no Parin o kalahedaw no kaso a simal ato nanom, oninian a demak i,o haharatengen to ikor. I 2008 miheca a sa’osi o awaay ko tayal mahaop ko 4%, ilaloma’ no nini i, o fafahiyan mahaop ko 85% ko awaay ko tayal. 2007 miheca, o kakreidan no citodongay to tayal ci Macito Ar Alawi hakasi misalof a misongila’ to faco no katayalan, malasa’ayaway a midemak to sapatodong to awaay ko tayal a tamdaw, itini i Arapiya o sa’ayaway ko Parin to midemakay to matiniay a sapatodong.
Pisalamaan no lafang(旅遊)
O palafangay to cecay amihecaan matafisiw ko 800 ’ofad ko tamdaw, thumb|Parin Pisitalaan(Bahrain Fort March 2015) o ‘alomanay a lafang i,o nani ngata’ay to Arapiya a kitakit, nikawrira, sa’adihay sanay to a matongal ko nani cowacowaay a lafang, mangalefay ko ka’aloman no lafang a tayni a minengneng to maa’ise’ised a pacikay to tosiya(Ikiris a sowal:Formula One，F1), ona kala’ised a demak i,nani 2004 miheca satapang a tahanini.
Manzhou
Manzhou（滿州鄉）
Parin
Pisalamaan no lafang(旅遊)
Mapatateko no Parin ko aniniay a punka no Arapiya ato 5 patek ko katelang no rikisi a nalacolan halo thumb|Saicomodan (Bahrain Fort 3) no lafang. Itini i Parin adihay ko katelang ho pisitalaan, ilaloma’ nonini i, o Parin Pisitalaan(Porokaru a sowal:Qal'at al Portugal; Holan a sowal:巴林堡) [10] o karengawan no punpunka no Tirmuen(Kirisiya a sowal:Týlos),[11] I’ayaw ni Yisoan miheca to 3000 ko miheca a matenak nani tini.[12] Onini ko pihai no Linhoko Ciawkouncuci(Ikiris a sowal:United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization，decdecan a tilid: UNESCO) to malo rarocekan no ihekalay a polong a tamdaw. Caay konini ’aca ko cinganganay, oya itiraay i Muhalako a Arato Pisitalaan tata’angay ko ngangan nonini.
Itini i Parin adihay ko pitelian tono to’as ho a dafon a Pookuwan:i Parin no kitakitan a Pookuwan mana’ang ko i’ayaway ni Yiso to 9000 miheca no fakelokelohan a mihecahecan a dafong、o samaamaanay a dafong nani punpunka no Tirmuen tahira i no Arapiyan a punka; Loma’ no Kolancin i, o pinaanaangan ’aca to tadamatelangay a Kolancin a Pookuwan; o Kasolin Simal a Pookuwan o pipatili’an to maamaan a kikai ato tilid nani 1931 miheca yo matama ko kasolin simal.
Manzhou
O kasaniyarona
8 ko cun, 3 ko niyaro’ i Manzhou Siyang. Ride（里德部落）, Parius（分水嶺部落）, Tjadukudukung（長樂部落）.
Parin
Pisalamaan no lafang(旅遊)
Pakaynien i rikisi a minengneng i, oya nipatirengan i 692 miheca a Kamis Kiokay no Islam(Khamis Mosque), i 14~15 sici liyawen ho a misongila’ o samatelangay a Kiokay no Islam; o satata’angay a Kiokay no Islam i,o Afatahe Kiokay; o Papa Pita’ongan(Barbar Temple) oni patirengan itiya ho i Tirmuen a mihecahecan; oya i’ayaway ni Yiso to 3000 patek ko mihecan a Ali Tademademan(Dilmun Burial Mounds)ira ko 85000 ko kaadihay no tadem.
Tahapinangan a tilid (參考文獻)
[1] Houtsma, M. Th. Baḥrayn. Encyclopedia of Islam I. Leiden: E.J. Brill: 941. 1960.
[2] Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. Clive Holes: XIX. 2001 [2020-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2018-12-25）.
[3] Room, Adrian. Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites. McFarland. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7.
[4] First encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936. E.J. Brill. 1993: 584. ISBN 978-90-04-09796-4.
[5] Faroughy, Abbas. The Bahrein Islands (750–1951): A Contribution to the Study of Power Politics in the Persian Gulf. Verry, Fisher & Co. (New York), 1951.
[6] Al-Khalifa. Bahrain Through The Ages. 2014.
[7] 巴林-書院、酋長與王國，習慣法、沙利亞與成文法（《劉仲敬思想》第30期）.
[8] 存档副本. [2011-02-19]. （原始內容存檔於2011-02-21）.
[9] 巴林國王提議增加下議院議員權力.
[10] Axworthy pp.175–274
[11] Bahrain digs unveil one of oldest civilizations. BBC. [2017-09-19]. （原始內容存檔於2014-11-13）.
[12] Dilmun and Its Gulf Neighbors. Harriet E. W. Crawford: 9. 1998.
Maolin
Maolin（茂林區）
Itini i Kaohsiung(高雄) ko Maoli. sa’osi han ko po:long no palaan i, ira ko 241.39 km² (lalotolotokan a plalan no sa’osi i ira ko 109.93 km², o palaan noto’as i'a:yaw i ira ko   40.14 km²), 1,896 ko tamdaw i Maolin,581 ko parod no loma’, itini i niyaro’ a Yincomin(原住民) sa’osi han ira ko 1,797 a tamdaw, pakaala to 95%(Rukai) no polong(全部) no tamdaw. o Rukai(魯凱族) ko sa’alomanay(最多的) i Kaohsiung.
O kasaniyarona
3 ko cun, 3 ko niyaro’ i Maolin. Teldreka（茂林部落）, 'Oponoho（萬山部落）, Kungadavane（多納部落）.
Yutak
Yutak（小錦屏部落）
Itiniay i Jianshi Cen no Hsinchu ko Yutak a niyaro’, 52  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 145 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
83% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 120 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 17% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  25 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal81%, Bunun1%, roma1%.
Ira ko Kiwkay(社團法人中華台灣基督教曠野協會) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Smangus
Smangus（司馬庫斯部落）
Itiniay i Jianshi Cen no Hsinchu ko Smangus a niyaro’, 38  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 176 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
98% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 173 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 2% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   3 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal85%, Amis1%, Paiwan2%, Bunun1%, roma10%.
Ira ko picodadan(新光國民小學司馬庫斯分班) i niyaro’.
Ira ko Kiwkay(台灣基督長老教會司馬庫斯教會) i niyaro’.
Smangus（斯馬庫斯部落）
96% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 223 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 4% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  10 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal91%, Saysiyat1%, roma3%.
Ira ko picodadan(新光國小、新光國小附幼) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Louisiana
Louisiana
Yuwhbun raka
Yuwhbun raka（優霞雲部落）
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan ko Yuwhbun raka a niyaro’, 43  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 117 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal86%, Amis2%, roma2%.
Ira ko picodadan(霞雲國小) i niyaro’.
Ira ko imeng(霞雲派出所) i niyaro’.
Ira ko kofa(霞雲里辦公處) i niyaro’.
Ira ko Kiwkay(台灣基督長老教會可愛教會) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Maine
Maine
Minowad
Minowad(Somomo;Malonang;Manowad;Sunsuli) thumb|190px|left|Minowad
Minami
Minami（米娜咪部落）
Itiniay i Yanping(延平) Cen no Taitung(台東) ko Minami a niyaro’, 47  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 148 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
96% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 142 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 4% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,   6 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Bunun(布農族)91%, Amis(阿美族)1%, Rukai(魯凱族)1%, roma(其他)3%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Miloš Zeman
Miloš Zeman(米洛什·齊曼)
thumb|Prezident Zeman MSV|alt=Prezident Zeman MSV.jpg
I 1944 a miheca(年) saka 9 folad(月) saka 28 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Miloš Zeman, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Czechia(捷克) anini i ci Miloš Zeman, patirengan(擔任) a romi’ad i 2013 a miheca saka 3 folad saka 8 a romi’ad.
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Minse
Minse（民生部落）
Itiniay i Wufeng(五峰) Cen no Hsinchu(新竹) ko Minse a niyaro’, 13  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  69 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
39% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong(全部) han i, 27  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 61% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan(族群), polong han i,  42 ko tamdaw.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Zayazayan
Zayazayan（玉泉部落）
Itiniay i Majia Cen no Pingtung ko Zayazayan a niyaro’, 233 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 793 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
97% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 768 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 3% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  25 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Paiwan89%, Rukai3%, Tayal1%, Amis1%, Bunun1%, roma2%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Mintuyu
Mintuyu（民都有部落）
93% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 154 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 7% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,  12 ko tamdaw.
Ira ko imeng(竹東分局雲山派出所) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Brian Epstein
Brian Epstein
'aol a loma'
Mafana’ay kiso tono mita o Pangcah/’Amis to masamaanay kopi saroma’ to kalo’aol haw?
Mafana’ay kiso haw hakowaay to koka kaharafin no ‘aol a sasaroma’en no mita o Pangcah/’Amis itini i Taywan? Ara:tek nanotoa’s tahanini i pakaaraay to topinapi:na a mihecaan.
Nawhani o ‘aol hananay, caay ka re:cad to kalofak^loh ato malad a ngaay harafing a sasaroma’en, sanaw caay kangaay a hapinangen to kalo mih^caan no nira. nikaorira tadamaan to ko pisanga’ ami saloma’ ato kalomaanmaan sakatayar ko ‘aol hananay.
Romasato, iraay ko pinanama no mita o Pangcah i tini i roma a finacadan to sakafana’ amisanga to kalomaamaan, nikaorira iraay kono mita o Pangcah to sakafana’ to ‘aol ami sasanga to roma’ ato kalomaamaan a sakatayar, ano o pongki to, ano o pa^dangan to, ano o tapira’ to, ano o caina to, ano o halac to, ano o cadiway to, ano saasik to, to kalo maanmaan to saka ‘olip i, awaay ko ma’osaway. Arate^k caayho pakatoor ko roma a finacadan.
Samaanen no Pangcah/’Amis ami saroma’ ko ‘aol ?
Ano omaanto a ‘aolan i, nga’ayay to a sapisaroma’, ano o hecek to, ano o patih to, ano fadahong to, ano kafoti’an to fakelar, haro pa’ayama, pakoloan, pafafoyan, romasa o ‘adiber no rikot ato omah, awaay ko caay ka o ‘aol ko sapisanga. Anoya tatangaay a tapangan a fitonay ato te^kis i, mangaay a maro hecek no roma’ ato ‘adiber, mangay a paroma to ‘aol a maro ‘adiber no omah ato niyaro’, aca o sapi’ading to fali, yaki^minay a ‘aol toya foro’ ato kintor hananay i, ma^deng a maro patih no roma’.
Ano o ‘aol ko sapisaroma’ no mita o Pangcah/’Amis i, caay karecad tono Payrang apisanga, o mipera’an a ‘aol pacamor han to ‘eli’ kopisanga to patih, ono Payrang hawi o ‘aol ato sota’ kosapisanga to patih, ano o Tayar(泰雅族) ato Paywan(排灣 族) a finacadan to pisanga to roma’ hawi iraay to ko nganra apisaroma’ to ‘aol.
Masamanay ko pinaang no Pangcah/‘Amis to ‘aol.
Nawhani ano o ‘aol ko sapisaroma’ ato sapisanga to kalo maamaan a lalodisan i, ranikayay a cifawo a mapohed, ano o padih to, ano o ‘adiper to, ano karaheciken to, caay ka pina amihecaan i, mapoheday to, sanaw miharateng to cangra to sakahalafinaw no ‘aol a caay ka ranikay a mapohed.
Sakacicay : Sasawen to nanom tiya pacolemem i fanaw to pinapina a romia^d,tiya hadaken pawali tosa pipatay tona fawo, ami
sa’ateka tora ‘aol.
Sakatosa : Hodhoden to ‘acefer no namar, tosapipatayaw tora fawo no ‘aol, romasahaw, maherek ami saroma miroroh to
namar i raroma’ no roma’ topinapina a romia’d, tiya caay kacifawo ko roma’ osanay. omisangaan tora pongki,
p^dangan, caina,….hatiraay toko tayal.
Oranan apisaroma’ ato pisanga’ no mita o mato’asay Pangcah/’Amis i, o fana’ nangra to tayal to pakayraay tora ‘aol, romasato i mafanaay haca ko mato’asay ami todis to podac no ‘aol, ato mitolik to fakelar, ato mipatadipi to ‘aol misanga to patih ato fadahong aca o’adiper.(Suman2023/06/01)
Zambia
Zambia（尚比亞）
thumb|Flag of Zambia|alt=Flag of Zambia thumb|Location of Zambia
Itini i 15 00 S, 30 00 E, noAfilika ko Zambia. Polong no sekalay i 752,618 sq km “saka 39 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 743,398 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 9,220 sq km ” Polong i 15,510,711 ko tamdaw.
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen a sera 31.70%, Malo no kilakilangan a sera 66.30%, malo no roma to a sera 2%.
Mexico
Mexico nipatatekoan a kitakit (Spain sowal: Estados Unidos Mexicanos), o pangangan Mexico (Spain sowal: México), o ka’amisay Amilika safaniyot a cecay no nipatatekoan a kitakit a cisakowanay kitakit, o ka’amis ato Amilika masasiingir, katimol ato kaetip mililisay to Taypinyang, o kawali o Belize, Guatemala ato Caribbean riyar, kawali o Mexico sangoso’ [9]. O adahal no sera ira ko 180 ’ofad pinfang kongli[10], no Amilika safaniyot o saka lima dadahalay kitakit ato saka 14 ta’akay kitakit no hekal. O polong no tamdaw ira ko 1.28 walwalan, o saka mo^etep ’alomanay tamdaw no hekal, ono Spain a sowal saka cecay ta’akay tamdaw kitakit ato Latin Amilika safaniyot saka tosa ta’akay tamdaw kitakit. Mexico o nipatatekoan a kitakit, halo 32 ko kanatal; o tadamaci  atota’akay maci o Mexico niyaro’ o cecay kanatal.
Zambia
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakamoetep 24 a romi’ad.
Mexico
I ’ayaway ni Columbus a to’asan a Mexico adihay ko tala’ayway i tenokay ca Amilika safaniyot a palamitan no maro’ay a tamdaw, tinako Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya ato Aztec. I 1521 miheca, o Spain hongti kitakit i Mexico a Tenochtitlan ko kaitiraan milowid a micingcing to itiniay sa’etal, patireng to telek a New Spain songto a mikowan. I 1821 miheca, ikor a pisiiked a kalalood Mexico pisiikedan, onini a sa’etal mihapiw to pisiiked mihayda to Mexico.
Zambia
O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i ci Edgar Lungu, patirengan a romi’ad i 2015 a miheca saka 1 folad saka 25 a romi’ad.
Mexico
Iko no Mexico a misiiked pakataneng to kararawan, caay katomenek ko kicay ato sici. Ikor no Amilika ato Mexico a kalalood (1846-48), o tangic malitosaay no ka’amisay a sera mapapecih to Amilika. I 19 sici, o Mexico mataneng ko pastry lalood, France Mexico lalood, laloma’ay no kitakit a lalood, tosaay hongti kitakit ato 30 mihecaan a nisateked a pikowan a to’asan no likisi. I 1910 miheca miteka ko Mexico to sapifelih to nisateked a pikowan, saikor i 1917 miheca mapasetek ko kimpo ato fa^elohay sapidemak tosici a telek ko patireng.
Zambia
Pi’arawan to lakaw
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Mexico
O ngangan no Mexico a sa’osi no kapolongan ka rihaday no polong a tamdaw o saka 15 ta’akay i hekal, i kasakitakit misanga’an kinaira (o malalenay ko pi’acaay ) o saka 11 ta’akay i hekal. O Mexico a kicay ato ka’amisay Amilika pakoniraay kalali’aca katatelekan (NAFTA) kalali’aca lakapot makakedecay, mangalef to saki Amilika[11][12]. I 1994 miheca, o Mexico mala kakomodan no kicay ato kacomahadan a sakapot a sa’ayaway a Latin Amilika safaniyot sakapotan. No hekal a kingko pala tenokay takaraway cimicomoday a kitakit[13], misaheciay a tamdaw sacisowal sa o cecay fa’elohay katayalan a kitakit[14][15][16][17]. Mipasasa to romi’ad tangasa i 2050 miheca, o Mexico mala Osaka 5 ano eca saka 7 ta’akay sakino kicay i polong no cikiw[18][19].
Onini a kitakit o mala sa’etalay a ta’akay kitakit ato sasifo’an ci’icelay kitakit[20][21][22][23], mararid mala o fa’elohay ci’icelay kitakit[24]. O kadofahay ko ponka likisi nalacolan no Mexico, ira i Amilika safaniyot a sakacecay adihayay ato saka 7 adihayay no helal a nalacolan a kiwiko ponka sakapotan i Linhoko[25][26]. 2015 miheca, o nai hekalay a mihomongay tayni a tamdaw o saka 10 a kitakit, o mihomongay nai kasakitakit tamdaw tayni mirarakat ira ko 2910 ’ofad[27][28]. O nano Linhoko, Hekalay a malali’acaay Lekatep, G20 a lomaoc ato malacecayay lekaop ko Mexico, 2014 miheca miteka mala o France a liyokan kasakitakit sakapot a mihiningay.
Lakisi (歷史)
I 1810 miheca, o Mexico mihapiw to pisiiked, i 1821 miheca kalaloodan to sapisiiked no Mexico mapatireng ko saka cecay Mexico hongti kitakit. I 1823 miheca, oni hongti kitakit mafelih no hitay, itiya mapatireng ko nipatatekoan a kitakit i 1824 miheca.
Ikor no pisiikedan, o sera no Mexico kitakit nanoya sa a maromot, o pinapina a sera mapakelac tahada’oc ko Amilika. I 1836 miheca, kawali ka’amisay a Texas mihapiw miliyas to Mexico misiiked, patireng to Texas Nikapolongan Kitakit, I 1823 miheca ato 1841 miheca, Yucatan kinatosa mihapiw to sapisiiked, i 1853 miheca mida’oc miteko to Mexico a nipatatekoan a kitakit. I 1838 miheca, o kitakit macowat ko ^epang a lalood. Itiya i 1848 miheca o Amillika Mexico lalood a mapidah, Mexico mapatodong to ka’amisay a ta’akay sera mapa’aca ko Amilika (o dadahal matiya aniniay 7 katimolay a kanatal).
I 1853 miheca a Gadsden pi’aca malasawad ko 7 ’ofad pinfang kongki a sera. I 1860 mihecaan, Mexico macalap no hitay no France, mapatireng ko tawataw a mikowanay a sakatosa hongti kitakit. I pikerid ni Juarez congtong itiya, o malaplap ko micalapay a France. Ci Juarez nai 1858 miheca tangasa 1872 miheca ko pikowan, ikor no kapatay ningra, o ci Porfirio Dias Porter ko mikowanay.
Nano ni Porfirio Dias Porter 35 miheca ko halafin pitekedan mikowan, i 1910 miheca malenak ko pifelih lalood no Mexico. O mapidah no mifelihay ko nipatatekoan a kitakit a hitay, nika itiya marari’ang ko laloma’an, talahenot i 10 miheca ko lalod i lalomaan kitakit no Mexico. I 1929 miheca, paherek ko lalood no laloma’ no kitakit, o nifalicay a mirikecay a sician a kasarekad ko mikowanay, mala o mikowanay to no Mexico. I 2000 miheca, o miliyangay a Mexico kitakit dademakay sarekad ato kangdaway paratan a kasarekad malekapot to “mifalicay a nipatatekoan” a milifetay congtong ci Vicente Fox Quesada, itiya i 2000 miheca 7 folad a pisingkiwan a malacongtong, toya miheca 12 folad 1 romi’ad mapatireng, 6 miheca ko lekad. Onini a pifelih to satelek nai 1929 miheca ko pikowan ikor no 71 mihecaan, o mifelihay a kasarekad sa’ayaway sakina cecay pakalowid, milaheci to nai 1929 mihecaan sa’ayaway rihadayay ko kafafalic no mikowanay, orasaka malo satadamaanay i likisi no Mexico ko nia singkiw.
I 2006 miheca 7 folad 2 romi’ad, o Mexico congtong ato kalomaocan a singkiw misitapang a mitopa[29]. I 9 folad 5 romi’ad, Mexico nipatatekoan a kitakit pisingkiw a hoying mihapiw, o kitakit midemakay a kasarekad congtong ci Felipe Calderon Hinojosa i pisingkiwan to congtong pakalowiday to, malacongtong no Mexico sato[30], o kitakit midemakay a kasarekad padoedo sato ko sapikowan.
I 2012 miheca 7 folad 1 romi’ad, miliyangay mifalicay mitelekay a kasarekad misingkiway to congtong ci Enrique Pena Pinto. O todong no sapisingkiw a pafaloco’an i “o pifalic” saan ko laloma’an – mipalalan to roma kitakit a tayni i kitakit to pisasimalay kosi a mitekeday to misasimal a tayal, pacakat to kinaira a sata mafalic ko kadademakan no icifa, masakapahay ho ko tireng ningra, pasayra i cingraan ko picoker no finawlan maki’ayaw ko roma tatoloay a sakalalifet to congtong. Ikor 38.21% ko paya maala to congtong a singkiw, saka 2 lekad rihadayay ko kafafalic no nipikowan, Mifalicay pitelek a kasarekad 12 miheca ko ka eca pikowan miliyaw heca mikowan. O pipaini no misaheciay tamdaw sowal sa, o karari’ang no malali’acaay to cisawarakay a karari’ang ato caayay ka lalen no syakay o sasi’ayawen ni Pinto ko nian[31].
Sacian (政治)
I 1917 miheca a kimpo no Mexico o nipatatekoan a kitakit a salongoc sakowan malitoloay kasiikedan: midemakay, patirengay to rikec ato hoying. Pakaynien i likisi i, o midemakay citodongay o sata’akay solongoc sakowan, o salongoc sakowan no congtong sata’akay. O congtong citodong midemak to no kalomaocan no kitakit (Congreso de la Unión) mihapiwan a sarikec.