cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Belize
Takaray a sowal(概要):
O pinengneng no ’alomanay i,pako Sasifo’an a Amilika Karopaw ato ilislisay no Korpi Riyar a kitakit ko Pilisu sanay, o mikapotay i Mapapolongay a Karpi(CARICOM;加勒比共同體), Latin-Amirika ato Korpi Kapolongan(CELAC) ato Sasifo’an a Amilika Karopaw a Kapolongan(Sipangya a sowal:Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana,Decdecan a tilid:SICA; Kuwaping a sowal:中美洲統合體). O kapot no Tata'akay Ikiris a Lekatep, orasaka, ci Ilicapid II (Ikiris a sowal:Elizabeth II ;Kaping a sowal:伊麗莎白二世) ko Sarawa’an ato Kakridan no Pilisu a kitakit.
Sarakatay a macat ko Sipanya a tamdaw(西班牙人首先登陸)
Itiya ho i 1511 miheca, o sarakatay a macat tona pala a Yoropa a tamdaw o mikalicay to tamina a Sipanya tamdaw, ‘aloman ko macepetay no itinitiniay a maro’ o Maya a tamdaw malasapato’aya anoca malakoli. thumb|Kahengangay-Kilang no Poracir(Caesalpinia-echinata) 1638 miheca, satapang a mafolaw a tayni ko Yoropa a tamdaw, nikawrira, i’ayaw no 1670 miheca awaay ko pakatafesiway to cecay a miheca a maro’ itini. Ona mafolaway a tayni a Yoropa a tamdaw sahetoay o misakilangay, nawhani, ira ko tadamaanay a kilang o Inki-kilang(blackwood;墨水樹) ato Kahengangay-Kilang no Poracir(brazilwood;巴西紅木) o salisanga’ to sacengel, matekes ko ’aca patayraen i Yoropa a pacakay. Ira ho ko Tayietawhuwasinmu(Swietenia macrophylla;大葉桃花心木）mala’afa’afas ko tamadaw a mi’aca, nawhani, tadamanga’ayay sapisaloma’ ato sapisang’ to dafong. Tona mihecahecaan adihay ko kokong no riyar a tatayni, ira ko ’aro sanay itini a Sipanya a tamdaw, ira ko malicoay no Intian a tamdaw.
Micongacongay to Ikiris a Hongtolasu(英屬宏都拉斯)
Itiya ho o Sipanya a Hontian Kitakit mihai to pikilang no Ikiris a tamdaw, nikawria, milalang to sapipatirengan to Micowat a Mikowan. To ikor i 1798 miheca, lalood sa to ko Ikiris ato Sipanya, oya maro’ay i saka’amisay a Pecih-Kanatal (Sipanya asowal:Península de Yucatán; Kaping a sowal:猶加敦半島) no Sifo’ay Amirika a Karopaw a tapang no sofitay no Sipanya ocoren ningra ko 32 a tamina a mi’afas patikol toya pala. Nani saka 9 folad saka 3 romi’ad tahira i saka 9 folad saka 10 romi’ad, mararid ko lalood i kihaw no Pilisu, saikoray to i, sawad han to no Sipanya koya mi’ecoan a pala, o「Battle of St. George's Caye」hananay a pangangan. Saka 9 folad saka 10 romi’ad o pasela’an no kitakit to sapikining tona「Battle of St. George's Caye」a lalood.
I kaleponan no 18sici, misatapang ko Ikiris a pakamaro’ itini a mikowan ton apala. 1840 miheca, laheci han to no Ikiris ko Pilisu malamicowatn a sakowan. 1862 miheca palaheci mipacomod malamikowanan no Honti no Ikiris mala「micongacongay a Hongtolasu」hananay a pangangan.
Mifalic to ngangan no kitakit(正名為貝里斯)
1964 miheca saka 1 folad milekal o Pikaikian Faco no kitakit,laheci sato ko pisiied a niyahpikowan, 1973 miheca, falic han to koya nipanganganan no Ikiris a「micongacongay a Hongtolasu」to「Pilisu」ha ngangan no kitakit.
Kaitiraan (地理位置)
Itiraay i sakawalian no Sasifo’an no Amilika Karopaw, o siikeday a kitakit. Isakatimol ato isaka’etip mada’edo’edoay ato Kuwatimala, isakawali misa’ayaway to lihaw no Hongtolasu no Kalepi riyar. Adhihay ko kanatanatal, ma’edef no tokos, sena’sena’an ato no Fa’etay a Kakarayan a kilakilangan(Tropical moist broadleaf forest;熱帶雨林).
O laleko no sera i,tosaay ko pecih o sakatimol pecih ato saka’amisay a pecih:katimolay a laleko no sera i, o lotolotokan no Maya, nani sakatimol no ka’etip pasi ka’amis no sakawali ko kasado’edo’edo nona lotok, o ’apocok nona cipas lotok o Kokoskomu(Ikiris a sowal:Coxcomb Peak;科克斯科姆峰)o ka’akawang nona ’apocok i,nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 1121.97m, o sakakaay ko ka’akawang tona kitakit; isaka’amis ato lislis no riyar a laleko no pala o masadasdasay, o lalen no ka’akawang i,nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 61m, sahetoay o swna’swna’an. thumb|Fa’etay a Kakarayan a kilakilangan(Campo12Foto 2) O sakakaay a ’alo ira ko Mopan ’alo(Sipanya a sowal:Río Mopán; Kaping a sowal:莫潘河) ato Pilisu ’alo(Ikiris a sowal:Belize River；Sipanya a sowal:Río Belice;Kaping a sowal:貝里斯河).
I sakatimol a laleko no sera i, o Fa’etay a Kakarayan a kilakilangan(Tropical moist broadleaf forest;熱帶雨林),o roma sato i,o Fa’etay a Kakarayan a rengorengosan(Tropical moist broadleaf Grassland;熱帶草原).
O ha’emin no miheca o kara’oradan ato kakedalan ko kasasiroma, 3~5 a folad o kakedalan, 6~11 o mado’etay a folad. O lalen a fa’edet i,17~25°C, o ’orad to mihecaan i,isaka’amis latek 1350mm, isakatimol i,latek 4575mm, o pitahepo no kilakilangan i,mahaop ko 70%. Ikacifreangan ato karafawfawan mafaliyosay to to mihecahecan.
sera(土地):Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 6.90%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 60.60%, malo no roma to a sera 32.50%.
siyoto(首都):O Pilmopan(Belmopan,貝爾墨潘) ko Siyoto.katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日):Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakasiwa 10 a romi’ad.O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i ci Elizabeth II(伊莉莎白二世女王), patirengan a romi’ad i 1952 a miheca saka 2 folad saka 6 a romi’ad.
Sici (政治)
O Pilisu i,Pikaikian Faco a kitakit, o kapot no Tata'akay Ikiris a Lekatep. O tayal no sifo i,mido’edo’edoay tono Ikiris a thumb|o Mama no kitakit(George Cadle Price) a Faco (Ikiris a sowal:Westminster system; Kaping a sowal:西敏制)no sici, o misanga’ay to rikec no kitakit a Pikaikian ko sakakaay ko ’icel no sakowan,o pisawkitan i,o Ikiris-Amirika Faco a Rikec(Ikiris a sowal:common law)[1]ko pitili’an a misawkit. Ititni i Sifo’an-Amirika-Karopaw ’edeng o Pilisu ato fiyaw a kitakit Kostalika ko limadacay ko sici temenekay ko syakai.
Itini i Pilisu tosaay ko tata’angay a kasafelaw no sici: isifo’ay a pasikawili ko tayal a centang[2] o「Kapolongan no Finawlan a Centang」(People's United Party) ato isifo’ay a pasikawanan ko tayal a centang o「Finawlan ko Pi'arawan a Centang」(United Democratic Party).
Kasasilsil no sakowan(行政區劃)
’Enemay ko kasasilsil no sakowan:
Kacacofelan a Demak (外交)
Mapatirengay ko kacacofelan a Demak ato 94 a kitakit, ira ko kacacofel a demak ato Conghuwaminko, ato itiraay i Afrika a Saharawi-Arapiya Nikapolongan Kitakit(Sipanya a sowal:República Árabe Saharaui Democrática，SADR）; Kaping a sowal:撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國,通稱西撒哈拉), ato itiraay i Parkan-Pecih-Kanatal no Yoropa o( Arpaniya a sowal:Republika e Kosovës; Saywirwiya a sowal:Република Косово; Roman a tilid:Republika Kosovo; Kaping a sowal:科索沃共和國,簡稱科索沃).
I 1987 miheca saka 2 folad saka 6 folad patireng ato Congko to kacacofelan a demak, mapalasawad ko kacacofelan a demak ato Conhuwaminko(Taywan). Caho ka halafin mafalic ko mikowanany a tapang no Pilisu, i 1989 miheca saka 10 folad saka 11 romi’ad patatiko ho ko Pilisu a patireng to kacacofeln a demak ato Conhuwaminko(Taywan), mapalasawad ko kacacofeln a demak ato Conko.[3]
Kicai (經濟)
Nano to’asan o misakilangay ko ’orip no Pilisu a tamdaw, tona icilaay ho a mihecan o maomahay to ko ’alomanay ko tayal, mangaled ko misatefosay, misamami’ay, kokoya, panay, tamako, pawli, ato paka’enay to kolong. Ikakaay ko mifotingay. O misanga’ay to dafong i,o misataminaay, misanga’ay to kaka’enen, mililecay to keliw, dafong no loma’, tinci ato tamako. thumb|Kahiceran no lafang(Turtle Inn bar and dining area) Tili’en ko nipasadakan no sepay no Amirika to pakayniay to aniniay alekakawa no ha’emin no kitakit,o Pilisu i,itini i Sifo’an a Amirika Karopaw o sakakaay ko awaay ko katayalan a kitakit mahaop ko 9.4%, ila’enohay ho lalen no manikaway a tamdaw a kacitiwtiw mahaop ko 33.5%.
1999 miheca o cakat no GDP i,mahaop ko 6.4%, tahira to I 2000 miheca kacakat to mahaop ko 10.5%, nikawrira, i 2001 miheca makeron tayra i 3%, nawhani, o kicai no polon a kitakit masereray, ira ho faliyos sacaka nga’ay ko
‘epoc no liomah, pifoting ato pisalamaan no lafang.
Pihapinangan a Tilid(參考文獻)
[1] 在《中文主題詞法》2005年版正式主題詞用「英國法系」亦稱普通法系（頁198），不用「海洋法系」.
[2] Oliver H. Woshinsky. Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior. New York: Routledge, 2008. p. 146.
[3] 中国同伯利兹的关系. 中華人民共和國外交部.
Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Andrej Kiska
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Slovakia(斯洛伐克) anini i ci Andrej Kiska, patirengan a romi’ad i 2014 a miheca saka 6 folad saka 15 a romi’ad.
Arminiya
Takaray sowal(概略)
O Arminiya Nikapolongan Kitakit(Arminiya sowal:Հայաստանի thumb|Hata no Arminiya (Flag of Armenia) Հանրապետություն，Roma tilid:Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; Holam:亞美尼亞), itiraay isaka’etipay no Aciya a Katimolay Kawciaso(South Caucasus), o Ipapotaray Kawciyaso hananay ho a mipangangan(Transcaucasia), nano latek o kinakerit no Sa’etipay Yoropa hananay. [1]
Andrej Kiska
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Arminiya
Takaray sowal(概略)
Itiya ho i 4 sici(301 mihecaan),o sakacecay a kitakit to mitoroan ko Kristo Pitooran malokitakitan a pitooran.[2] Orasaka cilacila masowal ko Arciriya o “sarakatay a kristo a kitakit” hananay.[3]  O saadihayay ko tamdaw no polong no kitakit to mitooray to Sawaliay a So’elinay Kyokai(Oriental Orthodoxy) no Kristo Pitooran. Nikawrira, mataliyok no Islam Kitakit, adihay ho ko kacacoli ato fiyaw a kitakit to pakayniay i ngangan no kasala’edan, malolalengatan sato no rawraw i Kawciaso, samatiya sato o ‘ariri no ’afet itini. Anini, Arminiya ato Acirpayciyang ci fangafangay ho tono pala a montay,nani 1988 miheca, caay ka pitolas a milekal ko Arminiya to o pala niyam kona ikatimolay no Acirpayciyang a Nakerno-Kalapahe (Arminiya sowal:Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ;Acirpayciyang sowal:Dağlıq Qarabağ; Holam sakamoto han:納卡), o tamdaw no itiniay sahetoay o mitooray to Kristo a Arminiya tamdaw. Corcoren no Arminiya ko maro’ay itini a tamdaw mitaoy to kowang a mico’is to Acirpayciyang, mihai ho to miliyas to Acirpayciyang a thumb|Sawaliay a So’elinay Kyokai (christ pantocrator mosaic hagia sophia 656x800) a tomireng no Arcahe Nikapolongan Kitakit, (coaw ka haien no i hakalay kitakit), onini ko sakalalood no Arminiya ato Acirpayciyang i 1990 miheca ato 2020 miheca. Cifangafang ho ato Torki pakayni i 1915 miheca to pihadefek a mipatay to tamdaw no Arminiya, cowa ka pihai ko Torki to matiniyay a rikisi no Aosman Hontian Kitakit a mihadefekay a mipatay to tamdaw no Armoniya sanay a rikisi, aniniay to i mipapalafang ko kakeridan nona tosa a kitakit, hato sasonga’ay sanay to ko kalawidan, ira to ko kasasowasowalan a demak. O kapot no Yoropa Licijay(Ikiris sowal:Council of Europe; Fransu sowal:Conseil de l'Europe）ato cefang no Kapolongan sakarihaday a Leketep a Kakaketonan (CSTO ;Rosiya sowal:Организация Договора о Коллективной Безопасности，sakamoto’ han: ОДКБ, i 1992 miheca saka 5 folad saka 15 romi’ad a matatilid to mapapadang ko sofitay a lekatep).
O katelangan ho a Arminiya(早期的亞美尼亞)
Itiraay i masahefohefongay a tokotokosan ko Arminiya a kitakit, ira ko palatohay itini i Fancalay Cudad o pahiceraan ni Noa a tamina yo thumb|Alisanta sakatolo (Alexander and Bucephalus - Battle of Issus mosaic - Museo Archeologico Nazionale - Naples BW) no fodo’ sanany. O kato’as no rikisi tahiraay to ‘ayaw no 2500 mihecaan ko katelang, o dadahal no mikowanan a pala mahaopay ko polong taliyok no Kawciaso ato sa’etipan no Torki. Ikor to adihay to ko micowatay a roma a finacadan, samiming sato ko pala no Arminiya, nikawrira 1000 mihecaan ko kahalafin no piteked a pikowan, ano irairaay ko Roma tamdaw,Posi tamdaw ato Monku tamdaw a micowat tona kitakit, caay ka lahedaw koArminiya.
Macikcik no roma a finacadn(外族入侵割據時期)
I’ayaw no siyien 331 miheca.o honti no Maciton ci Alisanta Tata’angay Honti 3 malowid ningra ko nipatirengan no Posi a tamdaw a kitakit, nano cecay a pecih no sakowan no Posi ko Arminiya, malapala tono Maciton Hontian Kitakit. Mapatay sato ci Alisanta malikatolo a marakrak ko Maciton Hontian Kitakit, o cecay ona kalitolo o Arminiya i,o Sayliw Katelangan Hontian Kitakit ko mikowanay. I’ayaw no siyien 198 mihecaan, malowid no Roma ko Sayliw Katelangan Hontian Kitakit, patokeled sa miliyas to Maciton malamisileday to a kitakit. thumb|Mipasinlie ci Tilitati Honti (Tiridates III of Armenia-Baptism) Tahira to i ’ayaw no siyien 95 miheca- 65 miheca,makapah ko pikowan no honti ci Kelan saktosa, cakat sato ko ’icel no Armoniya i saka’etipay a Aciya, o mikowan a pala nani Kaspi Riyar (Ikiris sowal:Caspian Sea；Rosiya sowal:Каспийское море;Holam sowal:Lihay), Sifoay Riyar matatongod tahira i Aiciputo. Nikawrira, to ikor to nonini i, cosafaw to cecay patek ko mihecaan ko picowat no romaroma kitakit to Arminiya, nikacaay ka peleng kona Arminiya a kitakit.
O sa’ayaway a Kristo kitakit i Hekal(世界上第一個基督教國家)
O sa’ayaway a micowatay i, Potiya Hontian Kitakti (Posi sowal:امپراتوری اشکانی‎，Emperâturi Ashkâniân; Holam sowal:安息帝國）ato Roma Hontian Kitakit kona tosa a kitakit i sanoalapit han a milood ko Arminiya, o honti no Arminiya ciArtasen Honti caka pakacecay a miheca matekop to, malasakowan no Roma ko Arminiya,to ikor malanidipotan no Roma a kotakit.
Maysang
Maysang Kalimud (kuwaping a sowal: 楊傳廣，Yang Chuan-kuang)
Arminiya
O sa’ayaway a Kristo kitakit i Hekal(世界上第一個基督教國家)
I 301 miheca, o honti no Arminiya ci Tlitati sakatolo honti,lekalen ningra ko finawlan pala no kitakit a pitooran ko Kristo, ta caay ka mikitira to pitooran no Posi o Mita’ongay to Namal (Posi sowal:زرتشتی‌گری‎；Ikiris sowal:Zoroastrianism; Holam sowal:祆教,拜火教), ta malasarakatay a ‘edengan o Kristo ko pitooran a kitakit i hekal. Nikawrira, o isakawaliay a Arminiya makowan no Posi to tosa a so’ot ko mihecaan ko kahalafin. I 450 miheca ato 482 miheca kinatosa ko isakawaliay a Arminiya a tamdaw mico’is a milood to Posi, sa sodod sato ko Posi, maala a patatikol ko niyahpikowan no Arminuya, sa matelek ho kono Kristo a pitooran. O saci’icelay a milood toPosi i, o tata’angay a lalomaan Mamikoniyang.
Maysang
Yotingko (’Amis: Maysang Kalimud[1], 1933 miheca 7 folad 10 romi’ad-2007 miheca 1 fo;ad 28 romi’ad), kananaman no niya a mitilid to ngangan Misun saan ko pangangan[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Masofoc i no Dipong pikowan Taywan Posong kofa, niyaro’ no Falangaw a ’Amis a tamdaw.
Arminiya
Mapatangic a mifalic mitoor to Islam(被迫改信伊斯蘭教)
I 680 miheca, malowad no Arapiya ko Posi, comod sato ko Arapiya i Arminiya,mapaci’eci no Arapiya ko Arminiya tamdaw mifalic to pitooran pasitira i Islam Pitooran,nikawrira, cakapakafilo ko Arapiya. I 885 miheca ci Asoto Sakaceay miliyaw heca a patireng to Pakolatito Honti(Arminiya sowal: Բագրատունյաց Արքայական Տոհմ; Holam sowal:巴格拉提德王朝, nani 884 miheca tahira i 1045miheca ko pikowanan) no Arminiya Hontian Kitakit. Latek i 1000 miheca, masaalapiten ho no Tata’angay Sayrco Hontian Kitakit (Aniniay Torki sowal:Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu；Posi sowal: دولت سلجوقیان‎ ;Holam sowal:大塞爾柱帝國）ato Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitaki (Paycantin, Latin sowal:Imperium Romanum；Kirisiya sowal:Βασιλεία Ρωμαίων；Holam sowal:拜占庭帝國), tahira to I 1064 miheca, malowid to ko Arminiya aro’ han to no Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitaki ko Arminiya. Yo milaliw to ko Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitaki i 1071 miheca, o Tata’angay Sayrco Hontian Kitakit to ko mikowanay to Arminiya. I 1220 miheca o Monkolo Hontian Kitakit to ko mikowanay, i 1260 miheca, o mido’edo’edoay Yirhan Kitakit (Monkolo sowal:ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦᠨᠤᠯᠤᠰ，Silil tilid:Хүлэгийн улс；Ikiris sowal:Ilkhanate; Holam sowal:伊兒汗國）.
Maysang
O Pacidal itini i Farangaw a hofocen ci Maysang na Tilong.
Arminiya
Mapalahedaw no roma a finacadan ko Arminiya Kitakit(亞美尼亞帝國的隕落)
I 1454 miheca, o Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitakit(Paycantin) malowid no Aosman Torki tamdaw ko Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitaki, laheci sato a malahedaw ko salongoc no Arminiya. I sasifo’an no 15 sici, mapatateko no Otoman Hontian Kitakit ko Arminiya, oya kakahaday ko pala a Arminiya kitakit halafin sato makowan no Torki a tamdaw, oya sa mitooray to Kristo a Arminiya a tamdaw,mapenec no Torki Hontian Kitakit. thumb|Armminiya mapalitay tamdaw(Marcharmenians)
Maysang
Na o dayhiw maocor no kitakit (ROC) mikihatiya to Olimpiko mo^etepay a kalalifet, pakaala 1960 mihecaan Loma Olimpiko saka tosa a kompay, o sakacecay no Taywan pakaalaay to kompay no Olimpiko, ato i likisi sakacecay pakaalaay to kompay no Olimpiko Taywan a tamdaw, onini haw i o sakacecay a kompay no kitakit (ROC) Olimpiko a kompay.
Arminiya
Ma’emin a patayen ko Arminiya tamdaw(種族大屠殺)
Itiya sato i sakatosa kalaloodan no kanatal a ma’emin, macemcem to kapico’isaw no Arminiya a tamdaw ko OsmanTorki sifo nani 1915 miheca tara 1917 amihecan sapihadekan a mipatay Arminiya a tamdaw(亞美尼亞種族滅絕Ikiris sowal:Armenian Genocide；Arminiya sowal:Հայոց Ցեղասպանութիւն；Torki sowal:Ermeni Soykırımı; Holam sowal:亞美尼亞種族滅絕）.o ’osi no maptayay tamdaw masasiromay, ira ko 100 ofad ko tamdaw sanay, ira ko 150 ofad ko tamdaw sanay a piso’osi, saofaofad sa ko milaliway tayra i roma a kitakit.[4]
Maysang
Maysang, i mo^etepay a kalalifet pakata’elifay mirocokay to 9000 tinso, mapangangan to “Asiya a ’ekeng fainayan” (Asian Iron Man). Itiya ci ’Atongol (Ciong-kay-sik) a contong kina 7 matahidang[9], o sakacecay no Taywan a ontoing.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
I 1938 a miheca(年) saka 10 folad saka 29 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
Arminiya
Mikapot a malocecay no Rosiya Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit(成為蘇聯加盟共和國之一)
thumb|Patong a Pala (City of Batumi, Georgia) 1921 miheca saka 3 folad, matatilid ko Rosiya ato Torki to＂Kars a katatelekan＂(Rosiya a sowal:Карсский договор; Holam a sowal:卡爾斯條約）, alaen no Rosiya a patatikol koya Patong a pala (Ciociya a sowal:ბათუმი，sano Latin a tilid:Batumi; Holam a sowal: 巴統) pafli i Ciociya,onninan pala i,nami’afasan no Rosiya yo matatilid to Polisto- Litawfoseko Katatelekan(Rosiya a sowal:Брестский мир；Toic a sowal:Friedensvertrag von Brest-Litowsk；Holam a sowal:布列斯特-立陶夫斯克條約). Mihai ho ko Rosiya oya Artahan ato Karso pala ono Torki a pala sanay.1922 miheca malaheci ko pikapot no Arminiya i Solin, malocecay no Papotaray Kawciyaso Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit. Tahira to i 1936 mihecaan, laheci sato ko pikapot no Armoniya i Rosiya Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit,[6] Malocecay nona Lekatep.
Aniniay a Arminiya(現代)
thumb|Location Nagorno-Karabakh2 Yo mikapot to i Solin ko Arminiya, i 1988 miheca saka 12 folad saka 7 romi’ad ira ko sakapelengaw sanay ko hekal a ’atoray, ira ko 2 ofad ira ko 5000 patek a tamdaw ko mapatayay,50 ofad ko away to ko pinokayan, adihay ko mapelengay a nipatirengan a tata’angay loma’, toya miheca ira heca ko fodfod i Nakorno-Kalapahe(Arminiya a sowal:Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ、Acirpayciang a sowal:Dağlıq Qarabağ; Holam a sowal:納卡),tongal sa ko kanikaw no ‘orip no Arminiya a tamdaw. Itiya adihay ko pipadang no icowacoway a kitakit.[7]
I 2020 miheca, milekal ko Arminiya to piliyas to Solin a misiied, toya miheca a saka12forad saka 21 romi’ad tangsolsol sa amikapot to Misiikeday Kitakit a Lekatep.
Kasa'isal no Sakowan(行政區劃)
mo'etepay ko sakowan(Ikiris a sowal:marz；Arminiya a sowal:մարզ) ato cecay a nikowanan no Takaraway Sifo oYerevan(Arminiya a sowal:Երևան; sano Roma tilid:Yerevan; Holam a sowal: 葉里溫)
laleko no pala ato kakarayan(地形及氣候)
itiraay i katimol no sa’etipay aciya a Papotalay Kaociaso,ka’amis no sakawali no Kaociaso Dahetal, o sekal i,29800㎢. I sa’etip malafiyaw ato Torki, i saka’amis malafiyaw ato Ciociya,kawali o Acilopayciang ko fiyaw, i thumb|Sayfan Fanaw (Lake Sevan with Sevanavank) madao’edo ato Ilang. O pala nona kitakit sahetoay o takaraway a tokotokosan, mahaop ko 90% a rekad nani tongroh no riyar. O takraway a tokotokoan pasado’edo tahira i Torki. O satakaraway a kadiping o Alakaci Tokos(Arminiya a sowal:Արագած）, ira ko 4090 m nani tongfoh no riyar. I kawali ira ko Sayfan Dasdas, o masafanaway a Sayfan Fanaw o sekal i,1360㎢ ko dadahal no nanom, i laloma’ no Arminiya o sakakahaday fanaw. O ikakaay ’alo o Alas ’alo (Arminiya a sowal:Արաքս，Posi a sowal:ارس‎，Torki a sowal:Aras Nehri）.
O kakarayan i, o fala’efaay a lotolotokan ko kakarayan itini,o si’enaway o mahoracay ko siiked no kakarayan. O lalen no fa’edet i -2~12°C isakaccy forad, i sakapito folad 24~26°C ko lalen no fa’edet.
O Sician Nipalafang(外交)
Na cifangafang ko Arminiya ato Acirpayciyang to Nakorno-Kalapahe(Arminiya a sowal:Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ、Acirpayciyang a sowal:Dağlıq Qarabağ; Holam a sowal:納卡), oroma sa i,cifangafang atoTorki to pakayniay to pihadefek a mipatay to tamdaw no Arminiya,ira ho ko fangafang to pitooran,orasak o demak to pakayniay tono Sician Nipalafang pasitiraay i Rosiya a mitadi’ec, oroma sato, o polong a misakapotay no Linhoko o ‘edengan o Pakistan kitakit ko caay ka pihai to Arminiya.[8]
Mikapotay ko Arminiya to Linhoko, Saikeday kitakit a Lekatep (Rosiya a sowal:Содружество Независимых Государств，СНГ; Holam a sowal:獨立國家國協, sakmoto han tilid:獨立國協）, Sakakorac no Hekal a Lekatep(Ikiris a sowal: World Health Organization，縮寫sakamoto’an tilid:WHO; Holam a sowal:世界衛生組織 ), Payso a Kikinkai no Hekal(Fransu a sowal:Fonds Monétaire International，sakamoto’an tilid:FMI；Ikiris a sowal:International Monetary Fund，sakamo’an tilid:IMF;Holam a sowal:國際貨幣基金組織）,ato Kinko no ha’emin no Hekal(Ikiris a sowal:World Bank，sakamoto’an tilid:WB; Holam a sowal:世界銀行）.
Kicai (經濟)
Na pisaikedan no Arminiya, malafot ko kasalaliting no kicai ato Solin(Rosiya), awaay to ko piti’eran, ira heca ko kasafodfod to sera ato kawaliay a fiyaw Acirpayciyang, orasaka taker han to no Torki ato Acirpayciyang tayraay i Arminiya a cinamalay ato kasolin simal, ngalef sa ko kanikaw no kicai no Arminiya, o ya fodfod i Nakorno-Kalapahe masa’et ko maamaan nani roma a kitakit, tongal sa ko karoray no ’orip no Arminiya a tamdaw. thumb|Fadisoso'(Close up grapes) I 2002 mihea mikapot i Saop no Sekalay a Mafafalic to Dafong (Ikiris a sowal:World Trade Organization，sakmoto’ an tilid: WTO), 2004 miheca saharakat sato ko kalowad no kicai, o polong a nitayalan a ’epoc malawisay to mahaop ko 10.1%, to cila to a mihecaan i 2005 miheca,mihai ko sifo to no kalotamdaw a kacikatayan, saadihay sato ko mipacomodan a payso nani roma a kitakit to sakatayay,sano yanan sato ko ka cakat no kicai. Tahira to i 2013 miheca, o lalen a kaci’etan no Armoniya a tamdaw(GDP) i 3,173 ’ok no Amirika a payso, isakatimolay a tolo akitakit i,o sasafaay ko Arminiya a kitakit,’edeng mahaop ko 30% no lalen no ’emin no kitakit i hekal.
O misanga’ay to dafong ko mikidkiday to demak no kicai, ira ko kakak ato masanga’ay to kikai, macemahad ko misongla’aay to kaka’enen a tayal.
Ono maomahay a tayal i, ira ko mipalomaay to fadisoso’ ato romaroma a losay, ‘emi ato malinso(potito). Ona liomah itiraay i ngata no Tatapangan Tokai a dasdas.
Ono pisalamaan a demak ikakaay ko kacemahad, 2004 miheca o tayniay a palafang i 26.27 ko oafd ko tamdaw, o kacakat to mihecahecan mahaop ko 27.5%, o ‘etan i 2.1 ‘ok ko payso no Amirika, mi’isalan to GDP i 5.9%, o pisalamalaman no lafang itiraay i Syoto Yieonli ato Sayfan Fanaw midipotan a pala.
Punka (文化)
Adhihay ko kasasiromaroma a kasasolek no punka,patinakoen ira ko punkaku, misaloma’, sakero ato radiw, ona kasasolek i mido’edo’edoay to kasasiromaroma no pala a ira.[9] O punka no Arminiya i,tadaahalafinay ceripen no pinangan no Rosiya,[10] caay ko nini heca ko misiwaray to punka no Arminiya, na o sa’yaway a Kristo Kitakit orasaka macirep no Kristo punka ato sa’etipay punka,patokeled han macirep ho Ciociya a pisasaloma’ ato Italiya a kaka’enen. thumb|No To'asan Sakero (Armeniapedia dance) Iraay a mapatireng ko Citodongay to Punka a Loma’, o mihaharatengay to palosiyang ato mitayal to pakayniay i punka a demak,o tapang no Citodongay to Punka a Loma’ i ci Hasmiko Pikohesyang,[11] pasikapah a patenak to kapah ko sifo to salimelaen ko punka sanay a demak,hahekel a mipadama ko icowacowaay a Arminiya a tamdaw.[12] Ira ho ko roma a fangcalay a demak, i Arminiya ira ko matafesiw ko 4000 a masasiromaromaay miheca a dafong,adihay ko masapunkaay a misanga’an a dafong, sa ira ko「ipapotaray a hakupucokan」hananay a pangangan.[13]
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Liberia（賴比瑞亞） anini i ci Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, patirengan a romi’ad i 2006 a miheca saka 1 folad saka 18 a romi’ad.
Maysang
Laloma’an a ’orip. 家族生活
O mama ci Kalimud (Yang po-cung), ina ci Caki (Yang yi-lan); patirengay to niyaro’ no Falangaw o tato’asan ningra ci Lolas Mahengheng[10].ngasaw
Arminiya
Finacadan ato pitooran(民族與宗教)
O finacadan i o Arminiya tamdaw ko ikakaay, do’edo sa o Rosiya tamdaw,Yaciti tamdaw(o thumb|Arminiya Tinsikyo(Emblem of the Armenian Catholic Church) no Kuto fancadan), Yasu tamdaw,Ukolan tamdaw,Kirisiya tamdaw. Ono sif oan a kapolong sowal i, o Arminiya a sowal, ono Rosiya a sowal i ma’edefay a kalasowalen.
Maysang
Lalowadan no onto. 運動生涯
Maysang Kalimud caay ho kacingangan i, sarakatay a mikihatiya to onto i o yakiw, i toloay cefang no hitay a onto itiya, mikapot to cefang a malalifet miyakiw o picya cinira. Talacowa caay pakaala to sakalaheci, kai kacomikay, pihiteroc, pitekol, masapinang ko inanengan, i 1951 miheca, misawad to Posong a nongsiw, micomod to i Lien-cin piontoan a cefang, itini i kalahitayan ciniala cingra to 7.32 raay a pihiteroc a pakaala to kompay[11].
Arminiya
Finacadan ato pitooran(民族與宗教)
O samatelangay a Kristo kitakit ko Arminiya,nani sifo’ no sici oyanan ho a ci’icel a mitoor to Kristo, orasaka mapenec,mapatay no italiyokay a Islam a tamdaw. I laloma’ no Arminiya o sakakay a kyokai ko Niocoran Kyokai(Arminiya a sowal:Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի，sanoromaen a tilid:Hay Arakelagan Yegeghetzi, Holan a sowal:亞美尼亞使徒教會), ira ho koroma a pitooran o Arminiya Tinsukyo(Arminiya a sowal:Հայ Կաթողիկէ Եկեղեցի ，Hay Kat′oġikē Ekeġec′i）,Holam a sowal:亞美尼亞禮天主教會), Roma tinsukyo, Toncen kyokai(Kirisiya a sowal:Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία，orthódoxi ekklisía；Rosiya a sowal:Православная Церковь，sanoromaen a tilid:pravoslavnaja tserkovʹ，Holam a sowal:東正教會，sakamoto’en tilid:東正教), Yaciti kyokai ato Pahai kyokai.
Cipuwa
Cipuwa（慶豐部落）
Maysang
Lalowadan no onto. 運動生涯
I:kor masapinang to ko caloway ningra ato midamaay micoker[12], i 1954 mihecaan i Manila no Asiya a onto, pakaala to sakacecay mo^etepay a kompay. Maysang na micomod cingra mapili’ to singsiw no kitakit i, nawhani ci patelacay a demak, nao patihiay a “mihitatanamay” mala o “patoor a cacomikay” ikor to o “comikayay” to a ontoying.
Luye
Luye（鹿野鄉）
Maysang
Lalowadan no onto. 運動生涯
Pakayni toni a demak, itiya miheca mihitatanaman no kitakit (Roc) onto weyyinhuy itira i Cuoin (aniniay kitakit (Roc) kiwyiko ontosu a cuoin kitakit pikonlingan) mikonling, misaimor to 2 mihaca i Manila Asiya Olimpiko, misa’icel a mikonling. Matatama to kao patihiay comikay ci Maysang, patihiay to patooray comikay a minanam comikay, toya misitapang minanam i, comikay to 200 ko cikay maki’ayaw ko patooray comikay. Mafaheka ko mipili’ay a wuyyin itiya, na ira ci Kuang-song-sen a pakanengneng to nian, patangsol a papipacomod ci Maysangan to ngangan i patooray comikay, mala o comikayay to a ngangan ci Maysang, sanga’ay sato ko pinanam ningra. Ikor i saki Asiya kalalifetan comikay, talacowa sakilalifetan saka a enem ci Maysang, nikawrira masapinang no Tiyi weyyinhuy ko tatala’ayaw ho ko katadamaan ni Maysang, ikor pakayni i pipakafana’ palahad ni Kuang-song-sen i, mapa’ayaw to ko saka tadamaan ikor no 10 mihecaan ko kacikompay ningra, ato macikayay ’orip a tamdaw.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Luye
Itini i Taitung(台東縣) ko Luye Siyang. sa’osi han ko po:long no palaan i, ira ko 79.75 km² (lalotolotokan a plalan no sa’osi i ira ko 17.39 km², o palaan noto’as i'a:yaw i ira ko 0.74 km²), 3,727 ko tamdaw i Luye Siyang, 1,397 ko parod no loma’, itini i niyaro’ a Yincomin(原住民) sa’osi han ira ko 1,998 a tamdaw, pakaala(佔) to 54%(Amis阿美族) no polong(全部) no tamdaw. Itini i niyaro’ a finawlan, o Payrang(閩南人) ko sa’alomanay(最多的).
Cipuwa
Itiniay i Chishang(池上) Cen no Taitung(台東縣) ko Cipuwa a niyaro’, 279 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 759 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Fu'is
thumb|Fu'is no LH 95 nebula (Ira i Large Magellanic Cloud)
Arminiya
Tamdaw (人口)
I 2005 mihecaan a pisa’osi to tamdaw ira 321.57 ofad, tahira to i 2008 mihecaan a pisa’osi 3,238,000 ko tamdaw, o caay ka ‘aloman ko tamdaw a finacadan i ira ko Yasu tamdaw, Ukolan tamdaw,Kohetinngay Riyar a Kirisiya tamdaw(pako Kaociaso Kirisiya tamdaw),Kuto tamdaw,Cyawciya tamdaw ato Kohecalay Rosiya tamdaw.
Sowal (語言)
I Arminiya kitakit ‘edengan o Arminiya sowal ko sifo a kapolongan sowal. Itiya ho namalacecay ato Solin kitakit, orasaka ma’edefay kalasakasasowal ko Rosiya sowal, o sakatosa a sowal no itiniay a tamdaw konini. I 2013 miheca a piciosa a pisahapinang, mahaop ko 95% tamdaw no Arminiya citanengay tono Rosiya, 40% citanengay tono Ikiris. Nikawrira, mahaop ko 50% a malitengay a tamdaw, milongoc to sapipasifana’aw to Ikiris i pitilidan no ka’emangay, mahaop ko 44% o sowal no Rosiya ko papasifa’aen sanay ko pilongoc.
Pihapinangan Tilid
[1] The UN classification of world regions （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook Armenia. The World Factbook. CIA. [2010-09-02]. （原始內容存檔於2010-10-10）; Armenia. 國家地理. [2014-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2007-08-08）; Armenia. 大英百科全書. [2014-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2009-04-01）.
[2] (Garsoïan, Nina. R.G. Hovannisian, 編. Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times. Volume 1. Palgrave Macmillan. 1997: 81.); Grousset, René. Histoire de l'Arménie 1984. Payot. 1947: 122.. Estimated dates vary from 284 to 314. Garsoïan (op.cit. p.82), following the research of Ananian, favours the latter.
[3] Stringer, Martin D. A Sociological History of Christian Worship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005: 92. ISBN 0521819555.
[4] ГЕНОЦИД АРМЯН (1915-1916 ГОДЫ): ПОДРОБНЫЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. [2020-10-03]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-03） （俄語）.
Maysang
Lalowadan no onto. 運動生涯
1963 miheca 1 folad 26 romi’ad, ci Maysang i Amilika Potelan to kapolongan a kalalifetan 4.96 (16-3.25) ko takaraw to no aol picaekod, mataelif ko laloma’ay no hekal a tilid no kalalifet. Oya mihecaan 4 folad 28 romi’ad, itira cingra i Kalifoniya Hetaw San Antonio pitilidan a kalalifetan, o 9121 ko tingso to mo^etepay onto a hekal a tilid no kalalifet, mala i mo^etepay kalalifetan sakacecay pakataelifay to 9000 a hiwso, nanoya o pipatinso to mo^etepay a pisaosi nai tiya a mafalic.
Arminiya
Pihapinangan Tilid
[5] Dowling, Timothy C. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. 2014: 728– [2016-11-28]. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-08）.
[6] Государство между Европой и Азией Источник. Планета Земля. [2020-10-03]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-29）
Maysang
Lalowadan no onto. 運動生涯
Ano falicen no aniniay pisaosi i, yaan 8010 ko tinso, tahanini o kilok no kitakit no Taywan(Roc). Nawhani fa^elohay to ko patinso, tangasa 2001 miheca, ci Loman Sipole ko paka taelifay to 9000 a hiwso.
Arminiya
Pihapinangan Tilid
[7] Harutyunyan, Arpi. Still Recovering: A visit to the 1988 "center of the epicenter". ArmeniaNow. 7 December 2007 [7 March 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-10）.
Maysang
Tokyo Olimpiko ontokay 東京奧運
1964 miheca, ci Maysang mikihatiya i Tokyo Olimpiko a ontokay, ’ayaw no kalalifet o papakaala to saka cecay a kompay nasa, ikor saka lima aca. Pasowal sa ci Maysang, ’ayaw no cefang mikihatiya tina ontokay mipana’ay ci Ma-cin-san pananom takuwan to miperecan nanom takuwan, nanoya a nakasamo’an ko tireng, mato malalisanay sa, o nian ko saka tararikor, ci Ma-cin-san ato Olimpiko misa’imeray ci Cen-ci ikor no demak i Tokyo tayra a Congkuo Tokyo kalalinakan micongacong to sici, ikor to pinapina miheca pasapinang ko citodongay, itiya sa a masapinang ni Maysang ko nano nidemakan ni Ma-cin-san to sapa “iyo”. Roma, o pisapinang no sakionto a tamdasw saka pidah ni Maysang ato mo^etepay kalalifet mafalicay ko pipatinso saka matira saan, caay ko no sici, o kapidah to tina olimpiko, nanoya tararikor sato ci Maysang i ontokay. [19]
Arminiya
Pihapinangan Tilid
[8] Opinion: «Armenia can block the cooperation between Pakistan and the EEU». Rusarminfo. [2021-03-26] （ru-RU）.
Maysang
Sici a ’orip. 政治生涯
1983 miheca itiya, mapalowad no KMT mikowanay ci Maysang to pinti-yincumin a Lipoyin, malakapot ci Ci-cenan, malokasasowalen cangra.
Cipuwa
16% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 122 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 84% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 637 ko tamdaw.
Arminiya
Pihapinangan Tilid
[9] Armenia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. World Business Information Catalog. Int'l Business Publications. 2013. ISBN 9781438773827.
[10] Russell Padmore. Armenia in global publicity drive. BBC. 2014-09-11 [2015-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-09）.
[11] Government of the Republic of Armenia. Ministry of Culture. Structure. [2015-02-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-08-20）.
[12] Armenia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. World Business Information Catalog. Int'l Business Publications. 2013. ISBN 9781438773827 .:59
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Cipuwa
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)14%, Bunun(布農族)1%.
Ira ko picodadan(大坡國小) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Maysang
Sici a ’orip. 政治生涯
Mikawrira i 1986 miheca, caayto ka cokeren no KMT ci Maysang, paherek sa to 3 mihecaan. 1989 miheca, miliyas ci Maysang to KMT, pasayra i Mincintang mikihatiya to kinciw no Posong a mapidah, ikor i o caay to pikihar ningra to sici.
Mihawaday ’orip 退休後生活
Miliyasto ci Maysang to ontofa, itira sato i Coyin pinanaman a pasifana’ay ato mikatokay, palahad ci Ko-cin-soy, Li-fo-enan. Nawhani nao pakayraan pisiroma (na o Kristokiw pasayra i Tokiw), pasifana’ay ko sapisawad ni Maysang, i niyaro’ no niya patireng to piw o tireng ko citodongay a misalisin to 20 mihecaan[20]. Nawhani i Amilika ko fafahi ato wawa, satikotiko sanay to a malalinah. I 1997 mihecaan ci Maysang mapatodong no onto kasacefang no Amilika to da’ocay kalita’angan a kompay, 1999 miheca pasadak to pacomahad to Asiya mo^etepay kalalifet kitakit halaka, 2001 mihecaan ci kimi to na ’atay ato kang micomod i Takaw Can-ken ising mipaising, nanoya satadamaan sa ko latiih. 2007 miheca 1 folad 28 romi’ad miliyas to cingra to ’orip i hekal, 73 ko mihecaan. [21] ikor mateli i Kalifoniya Wentola cangconten pihiratengan a koying (Ivy Lawn Memorial Park) [22].
Pitilid 學歷
Taywan siwlic Taytung nongyi c-yi kakko (anini Kuli Taytung coanke pitilidan)
Hualien pikong pitilidan (anini kuofang daykako likong pitilidan)
Amilika Kalifoniya daykako Los-sacni ontosi.
Nitanengan no ’orip 經歷
1.Mo^etepay lalifet ontoyin
2.Congkuo KMT yincumin Lipoyiying
3.Mincucinpotang Taytong kinciw hosinren (matafad) [23]
Onto a kompay 體育獎項
1.Taywansen cungteng pitilidan ontokay pitakod ma’ayaway kompay.
2.Kitakit hitay ontokay pitakod ma’ayaway kompay.
3.1954 miheca Manila Asiya ontokay mo^etepay lalifet ma’ayaway kompay.
4.1958 miheca Tokyo Asiya ontokay mo^etepay lalifet sakatosa kompay.
5.1960 miheca Loma Olimpiko mo^etepay lalifet sakatosa kompay (matelangay patingso 8,334).
Kasenengan 榮譽
1.Taywan (Roc) kasenengan a pakaolah.
2.TWN saka 2 liyad kasafo’is kasenengan.
Laloma’an 家庭
Fafahi
Cuo mi-lin (Daisy Chou), Wawa to fainayan 1 : Yang s-yin (Cedric Maysang)
Wawa to fainayan 2 : Yangtinko (Kalimud Maysang) （※：1950-60 miheca Taywan masowal to Olympic Games, “s-ing”, ikor masowal to O-on, na mikihatiya 1960 Loma a Olimpiko mapanganganay ko na sakakaay a wawa.）, Wawa wawa.孫輩
1.Madison Yang
2.Carmen Yang
Pinengnengan: 參見
1, “Ma’eferay a ngafol” Cicen: sakacecay patoror no ROC mikihataya to Olimpiko pakalayap to kompay a fafahiyan ontoing.
2. “Sakatosa a ’ekeng fainayan” Wu a-min: Ikor ni Maysang sakatosa pakaalaay to kompay no Mo^etepay kalalifet.
3. “Taywan a ’ekeng fainayan” Ko cinsoy: o midotocay ci Maysangan a tamdaw.
4. “Taywan ’acam sapitakod a hongti” Li fo-en
5. “Fali fafahiyan a hongti” Wang huy-cen: Sa macikayay a fafahiyan, 1991 miheca Sefier kitakit a ontokay 200 cm pakaalaay
to sakacecay kompay.
6. “Sahacikayay no Taywan” Yang cin-han: ikoray ni Wang huy-cen, 2017 miheca kacanglahan no kitakit a mitiliday ontokay
100 cm pakaalaay to sakacecay kompay, matiya ci Maysangan o ‘Amis a tamdaw.
Pacefad a tilid 參考資料
1. Falangaw pikiloma’an a saopo (malasawaday ko kasacalay.)
2. Macikayay a tamdaw/ Asiya ’ekeng a tamdaw Maysang Kalimud. [2007-02-13]. (nano mana’angay
2007-09-29).
3. Maysang Kalimud pihiratengan saka 9 romi’ad Ci-nan kiwkay, wangle a calay mapateli, pina’angan
2007-02-24.
4. Kacalohan/ Asiya ’ekeng a tamdaw Maysang Kalimud mataenang i ising pasayra i onto ko faloco’.
[2007-02-13]. (pina’angan 2007-09-29)
6. ’Ekeng a tamdaw pakata’elif to siwa cicing (9000), o sakacecay (nano mana’angay kasacalay.)
7. 1952 miheca mihiteroc mata’elif ko sen-yuin a tadamaan (nano mana’angay kasacalay.)
8. Sakatadamaan no ’orip ni Maysang Kalimud, mapakata’elif ko mo^etepay lalifet no onto 9000 a tingso,
wangle a calay mapateli, pina’angan 2007-04-27.
9. 1954 miheca mikihatiya to Manila saka 2 lekad no Asiya ontokay, 1956 miheca saka 16 l lekad i Moelpen olimpiko ontkay, 1958 mikihatiya Tokyo saka 3 lekad Asiya ontokay, 1960 miheca mikihatiya saka 17 lekad Loma olimpiko ontkay, 1964 miheca mikihatiya saka 18 lekad Tokyo olimpiko ontokay, 1968 miheca mikihatiya saka 19 lekad Mosoko olimpiko ontokay.
10. “Pakonira pi’eses calay, Cen yao-cang pihapinang to likisi” “Kolas Yotaka” wacay i yincumin ato payrang a likisi-pakonira tingcpow, Pakonira pi’eses calay.- talk.ltn.com.tw. [2019-12-29]. (nano mana’angay kasacalay. 2019-12-29)
11.Kiwyiko Tiyiso-pihapiw a pakafana’, malasawaday ko kasacalay. pina’angan 2017-01-14.
12. Li yin-sung. “Taywan macikayay nga’ayay tamdaw-Kuan-song-sen”, “Taywan Semo’otay macikayay tamdaw” saka 8 tilid. Taywan: Taywan tirengan punka cefang. 2013-12. ISBN
9789868906310 (tilid-Taywan).
13. Mitiko Loma olimpiko, minengneng to ’ekeng tamdaw to pakaala to kompay. [2007-01-29].
(pina’angan 2007-09-29)
14.Asiya ’ekeng tamdaw (Maysang Kalimud) wiki calay mateli, pina’angan 2007-07-03.
15. “Tadamaanay i onto a pipaini likisi a tilid- Asiya a ’ekeng fainayan Maysang Kalimud”, Singcenyin
onto wiyyinhuy, 2010 maheca 10 folad (PDF). [2018-09-18]. (nano mana’angay kasacalay(PDF)
2018-09-18.)
16. Decathlon Calculator. www.sportcalculators.com. [2018-09-18]. (nano mana’angay
kasacalay2018-09-18)
17. China Handbook, 1971-72, Chinese Ministry of Information
18.Cunghuaminko onto kasacefang. www.athletics.org.tw. [2018-09-18]. (nano mana’angay
19.Kaoratan a mapaiyoay a nanom. [2007-01-29].( nano mana’angay kasacalay2018-09-18)
20.Miangangay a cikawasay wanglo a calay nano mana’angay, pina’ang romi’ad 2006-02-26.
21. https://www.facebook.com/TBSCTS. Pihiratengan ci Maysang Kalimud, mararom ko fafahi minokay i
22. Chuan-Kwang "C. K." Yang (1933–2007) – Find A Grave Memorial. Findagrave.com. [February 15,
2012].
23.Kalata’angan i ontofa  kasomadan i kalosici. [2007-01-29]. (mana’angay kasacalay2007-09-29)
24.Patodong ko cungtong “kasenengan a pakaolah saka tosa” ci Maysang Kalimud, Ci cen aci Cen ci-en.
Cunghuaminkuo cungtongfo. 2005-09-13 [2021-08-27]. (mana’angay kasacalay2021-08-27)thumb|Maysang
Bosnia and herzegovina
Bosnia and herzegovina（波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納）
Posiniya ato Hesaykowina（波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納）
thumb|Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina|alt=Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg thumb|Europe-Bosnia and Herzegovina
Takaray Sowal (概要)
O Posiniya ato Hesaykowina(Posiniya a sowal:Bosna i Hercegovina／Босна и Херцеговина; Holam a sowal:波赫)[1] [2] o itiraay i satimolan no Yoropa, isaka’etip no Parkan-Peci-Kanatal, o lotolotokan ko ’edef no kitakit. O syuto i,o Salayiefo ( Posiniya a sowal:Sarajevo; Holam a sowal:塞拉耶佛).
O nano cecay no enem a mikapotay no itiyaay ho a Nanslafo-Syakaisyuki- Lekatepay- Kapolongan-Kitakit( Sayrwiya-Koroaysiya Latin a Tilid:ocijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija；Maciton a sowal:Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославија; Holam a sowal:南斯拉夫社會主義聯邦共和國), ona kitakit toninian i,o malakapotay a Maciton, Sayrwiya, Posiniya ato Hesaykowina,Koroaysiya, Slopakiya ato Momtonikoro a enem kitakit, o syuto i. o Pierkolo, nani 1945 miheca tahira i 1992 miheca ko kairaan nona kitakit.
Itiya 1990 a mihecahecaan, i kalaloodan no Nanslafo a misiiked a patireng to kitakit kona Posiniya ato Hesaykowina, oninian i,o mido’edo’edoan ko「Tayton Kakaketonan」(Dayton Agreement) a mihai ko ha’emin no kitakit o「Misiikeday a Cisalongacay Kitakit」ko Posiniya ato Hesaykowina.
O Pikaikian no Kitakit no Posiniya ato Hesaykowina o sakakaay tarokos no Yoropa Pikaikian ko mikantokay. Itini i tayal no kitakit i,tosaay ko kasasilsil:o cecay i, Posiniya ato Hesaykowina Malekatepay Kitakit(o roma angangan i, Muslin ato Koroaysiya Malekatepay Kitakit); o cecay i, Sayrwiya Finacadan Kapolngan Kitakit[3] (Sayrwiya a sowal: Република Српска; Romaan tilid:Republika Srpska; Holam a sowal:塞族共和國).
2000 miheca, patireng to Polciko Siikeday Etal(Brčko), malecad kono sakowan a ’icel ato yatosaay a kasasilsil, matiya kalatolo sanay to kona kitakit, nikawrira, o kasasilsil no sakowan i,cowa ko pala ko sapiptahidang to kitakit, o Finacadan ko pangangan,o Posiniya Finacadan ato Koroaysiya Finacadan(Posiniya ato Hesaykowina Malekatepay Kitakit), o roma i, Sayrwiya Finacadan(Sayrwiya Finacadan Kapolngan Kitakit).
Sarakatay Miheca(早期)
Itiya ho i katelanagan a fokelohan a mihecahecaan iraay to ko tamdaw a maro’ i Pohe Etal, o tahapinangan no nini i,itira i Stolacipatanci-Dihif nalacolan ira to ko 12000 ko mihecaan, o samatelangay itini i kawali no satimolan no Yoropa. O roma sa i, Pohe Etal ma pecoh no Roma Hontian Kitakit i 168 miheca. O satimolan no aniniay a Posiniya ato Hesaykowina o nano cecay a pala no Paycantin(Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitakit).
Itira i saka 6 sici ato saka 7 sici satapang a micomod i Parkan-Pecihkanatal. Toikor to mihecahecaan, malamikotoday a kitakit no kasasiromaroma a kitakit i taliyok ko Posiniya ato Hesaykowina. Tahira to i 1377 miheca nga’ mapatirang ni Tofoltoko-Kotoromannici(Tvrtko Kotromanić) ko masasiikeday a Posiniya Hontian Kitakit, nikawrira, caho ka haneknek ko katomireng nona kitakit, ma’eco tono Otoman Hontian Kitakit i 1463 miheca, mapolong no Otoman ko Posiniya.
Pikowan no Otoman Hontian Kitakit(鄂圖曼帝國統治時期)
O kaemangay a wawa i, paliyasen to wama ato wina, saopen a pakamaro’ i pikonlingan, o mamalasofitay no Otoman, o pifalic ho faloco’ ato harateng mala Tocian a tamdaw. Oya maro’ay tamdaw i mi’ecoan a pala pasatisilen to kasasa'er no 'orip, painien to masasiromaromaay a tongasoc, o mipadangay a mikowan a tamdaw, sofitay ato ciseray painien to ’akawangay a tisil, roma sa i, oya mitooray ho to Kristo a Sayrwiya ato Koroaysiya a tamdaw o la’enoay ko tisil a kalotamdaw, o「Laya」hananay a pangangan.
Kalaloodan i Sakatosa a Lalood(第二次世界大戰時期)
Itiya i kalaloodan i Sakatosa a Lalood no ‘Emin no Kitakit, mapatekop no Tokod Kitakit(Ikiris a sowal:Axis power; Toic a sowal:Die Achsenmächte ; Holam a sowal:軸心國)ko Nanslafo Hontian Kitakit. Yo mipecoh ko Toic,Italy, Syongyali,ato Powciliya, i Nanslafo ira ko mitokeray kasafelaw toya mi’ecoay a kitakit, o kakeridan nona mitokeray kasafelaw ci Yosifo-Poloci-Tito (Silil a sowal:Јосип Броз Тито; Latin a tilid:Josip Broz Tito; Holam a sowal:約瑟普·布羅茲·狄托), keridaen ningra ko Yucitoy (游擊隊/guerrilla) a milood, 1943 miheca pasitira to a mikosang ko Italy i,mihai ko Malekatepay Kitakit(Ikiris a sowal:Allies of World War II；Rosiya asowal:Антигитлеровская коалиция; Holam a sowal:同盟國) to kalakakeridan no Nanslafo mikapot a mitoker a milood,[5] saadihay han to no Malekatepay Kitakit a padama to sapilood a maamaan dafong ko Nanslafo, oya nikeridan ni Tito a Kiwsanto a sifo, mala o’edengan a sifo no Nanslafo.1945 miheca saka 3 folad, patireng to Kapolongan Sifo ko「Mitedalay to Finacadan a Iingkai」, tona mihea saka 11 folad saka 29 romi’ad, patireng to ci Tito tono Kiwsanto tekedan a sifo, o「Nanslafo Lekatepay a Kapolongan no Finawlan Kitakit」han pangangan kona nipatirengan ho a kitakit, 1963 miheca saka 4 folad saka 7 romi’ad, malaheci to fa’elohay a Rikec no Kitakit tora Kinpo hananay, liyawen heca a panganga ko kitakit to「Naslafo Syakaisyuki Lekatepay Kapolongan Kitakit」.Yo kara’iringan no Sa’etipan ato Sawalian kitakit tora「Li’etecay Lalood」a mihecahecan, masasiroma ko pisafaco ni Tito ato Sa’etipay-Yoropa a kitakit, o paitekeday ko katayal, cowa ka pikecec ko sieci, patahtahay somal, cowa ka pikapot to Amirika ko kakeridan a「Saka’amisay Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep」, cowa ka pikapot to Rosiya ko kakeridan a「Huasa Kakaketonan a kapot」(Rosiya a sowal:Организация Варшавского Договора;Holam a sowal:華沙公約組織),mawilih ko pasitira i Indo,Aycipto,Inni ato Latin-Amirika ko pasacefang ni Tito, patireng sa to「Cowa ka pikapot a Lekatep」[6], 120 ko kitakit to mikakpotay toni a Lekatep, malakakeridan nona Lekatep ci Tito.
Itiya i 70 mihecahecaan, mihai ko sifo no Nanslafo to「oya somowaslay to sowal no Sayrwiya-Koroaysiya a mitooray to Muslim」o Muslim a Finacadan han to, onini ko katongal no finacadan no Nanslafo to cecay malaenem sato ko finacadan.
Pisiikedan ato Laloma’ay Lalood (獨立與內戰)
thumb|Tayton Kakaketonan (DaytonAgreement) 1992 miheca saka 2 folad saka 19 romi’ad mitayal to Kapolongan Pitopa to sakapisiikedaw no Posiniya ato Hesaykowina, mahaop ko 62.8% ko mihaiay to sapisiikiedaw a patireng to niyah a kitakit. Do’edoedo sa i saka 3 folad saka3 romi’ad lakal sato ko Pikaikian no Posiniya ato Hesaykowina to kalaheci a misiiked. I saka 4folad saka 6 romi’ad mihai ko Yoropa Lekatep to pisiiked no「Posiniya ato Hesaykowina Kapolongan Kitakit」, tona romi’ad oya osaw to a limaay Sarwiya Niyahsakowan mapapolong a milekal patireng to「Sayrwiya Finacadan a Kapolongan Kitakit」, misiiked to「Posiniya ato Hesaykowina Kapolongan Kitakit」,ona matinay a pisiiked no Sayrwiya tangsol sa ma’enec no Posiniya ato Hesaykowina, o lalengatan no laloma’ay lalood no kitakit.
1995 miheca saka 11 folad saka 21 romi’ad masasowal to a matatilid to Sakrahoday a Kaketonan, itini to malepong ko laloma’ay lalood no kitakit,tona lalood ira ko 20 ofad ko mapatayay, 200 ofad ko maforaway.