cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Burkina faso
Rikisi(歷史)
1932 miheca, ona Malamicongacongay-Kitakit a Saka’etipay-Afrika a nikowanan no Fransu, ira ko piharateng no Frasu to sakanga’ay a matayal saan, cikcik han misamiming, tahira to i 1937 miheca nga’ oya Sangfota ato italiyokay a pala patateko ha a miliyaw, ta pangangan han to「Fafa’eday Syangyahaian」(Fransu:Haute-Côte d'Ivoire;Kuwaping:上象牙海岸).
To cila a miheca i 2015 miheca saka 9 folad saka 16 romi’ad, oya micokeray a sofitay toya nipalasawdan a congtong ci Konpawloy midemak to sapifelihaw to sifo, palit han koya pacarcaray a congtong ci Misier-Kafanto ( Fransu a sowal:Michel Kafando; Kuwaping a sowal:米歇爾·卡凡多) ato congli ci Yakopa-Isako-Cita (Yacouba Isaac Zida ;亞科巴·伊薩克·齊達), ato romaroma a tapang.[7]
Tona miheca saka 9 folad saka 21 romi’ad mapahadak nani pipalitan ci Misier-Kafanto, tahira sa Tasikuwan a pacarcar a milimek.[8]
O Kicai Lekatep-Kitakit no Sa’etipay-Afrika(Economic Community of West African States, decdecan:ECOWAS ;西非國家經濟共同體,簡稱西共體) ko mitahidangay to mitokeray to congtong sofitay ato mifelihay to congtong a masasowal, i 2015 miheca saka 9 folad saka 23 romi’ad hai sato ko mitokeray to congtong a sofitay a mitlid to ngangan i kakaketonan, matiko to ko sakowan ’icel i sifo, oya sato ya mipacarcaray a milimek a congtong ci Kafanto patatiko to a malacongtong.[9]
2015 miheca saka 11 folad saka 29 romi’ad ira ko pidemak to singkiw to congtong, oya mikeridan ni Loko-Mako- Kolistian-Kapoloy (Frasu a sowal: Roch Marc Christian Kaboré; Kuwaping a sowal:羅克·馬克·克里斯蒂安·卡波雷) a Cemahaday-Finawlan-Onto, pakaala to 53.43% a satopa no misinkiway,[10] ta maro’ to malacongtong i 2015 miheca saka 12 folad saka 29 romi’ad.[11]
kaitiraan (地理)
O kakahad no pala no Pokirna-Faso ira ko 27㎢, itiraay Saka’etipay-Afika a karopaw ko kaitiraan, malafiyaway ato Mali(Frasu a sowal:République du Mali; Kuwaoing a sowal:馬利共和國), Syangyahaian (Fransu a sowal:Côte d'Ivoire; Kuwaping a sowal:象牙海岸), Kana(Ikiris a sowal:Ghana; Kuwaping a sowal:迦納共和國),Toko(Fransu a sowal:République Togolaise; Kuwaping a sowal:多哥共和國), Pinan(Fransu a sowal:La République du Bénin;Kuwaping a sowal:貝南共和國) ato Niru(Fransu a sowal:République du Niger;Kuwaping a sowal:尼日共和國). Itiraay i kafafaw no Fota ’alo ko kaitiraan sa pangangan han to「Sangfota」(上伏塔). thumb|Kaitiraan (Bujina Fasuo-zh-tw) O nirakatan no Sangfota ’alo a pala, o nanom masiwar no kakedalan ato kafodo’an a tosa kasasiroma a kakarayan, orasaka, cowa ka haniker ko nanom sa ca ka tatodong parakat to tamina, cowa kanga’ay saliomahen, onini ko saka ca ka nga’ay ko liomah nona kitakit, cowa ka ‘edeng hano niyah a kakaenen ko liomah. Orasaka, itini i rikisi no Pokirna-Faso, kinapinapina mapecih no roma akitakit, caay sa laheci ko pisiiked to niyah pikowan.
O kakarayan no Pokirna-Faso i, o Fa’edetay-Rengorengosan a kakarayan, o ’orad to cecay miheca isifo’ay no 500mm ato 1000mm, ikatimol maka’oraday, ika’amis manikaway to ’orad.
’Edef no kitakit awaay ko Tafotafokan-kanohikaan, nikawrira, isaka’etip a sekalay kalatafokay, forokan a sota’; itira sa i katimol no sakawali no saowac no Sangfota’alo, adihay ko Caicai-Lalangaw(Glossina), orasaka, masaopo ko tamdaw a maro’ i sifo’an ato sawlian, mangalefay ko ka ’aloman no tamdaw i sifo’an.
Itiya ho i saka 15 sici ato saka 16 sici, mapa’eker no ci’icelay a Huiciyaw-Mantinko(Mandingo) kitakit ato Sanghai-Micowatay hontian kitakit(Empire of Songhai;桑海帝國), oya masaopoay a maro’ isifo no kitakit a Mosi-Finacadan itira to i dahetal a mitoker.[12]
Itini i 13 00 N, 2 00 W, noAfilika ko Burkina faso.Polong no sekalay i 274,200 sq km “saka 75 ko rayray no ngangan. O sekalay no sera i, 273,800 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 400 sq km ” Polong i 19,512,533 ko tamdaw.sera:Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 43.00%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 20.40%, malo no roma to a sera 36.60%.siyoto(首都) O Ouagadougou(瓦加杜古) ko Siyoto.katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日),Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakatosa ko safaw 11 a romi’ad.
Kicai (經濟)
O liomah ato pakaen to ’a’adopen ko sakakaay a demak ona kitakit, o matayalay toninian i,mahaop ko 80% no matayalay a tamdaw. Nawhani tadamanikaway to kinairaira no pala, i lawac sa no kanohikohan ko kaitiraan, orasaka sanoyanan sa manikaw ko Pokirna-Faso,o kanani tinian no matayalay no taliyok a kitakit. thumb|Vendeuse d'arachides edit1 O ’edengan a karomakatan no cilamalay pasitiraay aca i Syangyahaian(象牙海岸), orasaka kodefet ko kacacofel no tamdaw ato dafong. O roma sato ’i, i’ayaw no pisiikedan no kitakit, o fiyaw a kitakit matiya o Mali, Syangyahaian, Kana, Toko, Pinan ato Niru sahetoay o nano malamicongacongay-kitakit no Fransu. Onini ko saka alamisiiked sato i, saheto ono Fransu a sowal ko kalasowal no kitakit. Iro matini o payso no Pokirna-Faso o Sa’etipay-Afrika a Falang(Franc CFA), o kapolongan nona kitakitakit a nipatirengan a「Lekatep no Sa’etipay-Afrika kicai ato payso」(Fransu a sowal:Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine;西非經濟貨幣聯盟) ko misanga’ay a pasadak to na payso. thumb|o Maci (Strasse ouaga002 2007-02) Patodong han a miti’er ko liomah aca caay ka ha’emin a paini to ’orip no tamtamdaw, orasak ’aloman ko tayraay i romaroma a kitakit a matayal, o sa’alomanay i, tayraay i fiyaw a kitakit tora Kana, Syangyahaian ato Cinoya (Fransu a sowal:République de Guinée;幾內亞共和國) a matayal to saka ’orip, oninian a matayalay i, ira ko pacarcaray a matayal, ira ko halafinay a maro’ i roma a kitakit. Ira ko sa’osi latek cecay so’ot a ofad a tamdaw no Pokirna-Faso sahinaker sanay to ko aro’ i Kana ato Syangyahaian kitakit, ka awaen to to saka’orip i toniyahan a kitakit.[13]
Kasasilsil no sakowan(行政區劃)
Ira ko 13 a Tata’angay-Sakowan(Fransu a sowal:Région; Kuwaping a sowal:一級行政區), ila’eno nona Tata’angay-Sakowan i,ira ko 45 a sakowan(Fransu a sowal:Provinces; Kuwaping a sowal:二級行政區):
Tahapinangan a Tilid (參考文獻)
[1] 存档副本. [2017-12-09]. （原始內容存檔於2020-04-17）.
[2] Forvo網站上Côte d'Ivoire的法語發音.
[3] Burkina Faso parliament set ablaze. BBC. 2014-10-30 [2014-10-30]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-30） （英語）.
[4] Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders (2003), page 76–77.
[5] "Biographie du président" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, website of the Presidency （法文）.
[6] Burkina Faso general takes over as Compaore resigns. BBC. 31 Oct 2014 [31 Oct 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-12）.
[8] Burkina Faso : le président de la transition s'est réfugié à l'ambassade de France. France Info. 2015-09-22 [2015-09-24]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）.
[10] 卡波雷在布基纳法索总统选举中获胜. 中新網. 2015-12-01 [2018-05-25]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-08）.
[11] "Burkina Faso swears in new president, capping transition" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Agence France-Presse, 29 December 2015.
[12] 《非洲地理》256頁，1983年9月三版.
[13]《非洲地理》256頁，1983年9月三版.
Pikafitan i Papotal (外部連接)
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Tjanavakung
Tjanavakung（達那瓦功部落）
Itiniay i Majia Cen no Pingtung ko Tjanavakung a niyaro’, 44  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 116 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
98% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 114 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 2% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   2 ko tamdaw.
Changbin
Changbin（長濱鄉）
Itini i pasawaliay no Taywan a lotok i, masadafdafay misi’ayaw to Taypinyan nai Fakong talatimol tahira i Madawdaw, mikilawac to riyar a paloma’ ko Pangcah, nikaorira nai timol tangasa i ka’amis ira ko matelengay a lotok, matena’ ko rakat no fali saka no riyaran ko romi’ad fa’edet kala’orad, ano caeca ko fangcalay ka’oripan, nika fangcal ko liomah, matatodong paloma to panay, cecay miheca kinatosa mi’anip.
Itini i Taitung(台東縣) ko Changbin Siyang(長濱鄉). sa’osi han ko po:long no palaan i, ira ko 148.86 km² (lalotolotokan a plalan no sa’osi i ira ko 63 km², o palaan noto’as i'a:yaw i ira ko 26.59 km²), 4,089 ko tamdaw i Changbin Siyang, 1,583 ko parod no loma’, itini i niyaro’ a Yincomin(原住民) sa’osi han ira ko 3,601 a tamdaw, pakaala to 88%(Amis, Bunun) no polong no tamdaw. o Amis(阿美族), Bunun(布農族) ko sa’alomanay i Taitung.
O kasaniyarona
Misiayaway to taypingyang a riyar Omakapahay fangcaly ko itiniay a niyaro’, awaay ko no tokay a kaysiya itini, awaay ko mifalahay to miwarakay a kaacekannanay a nanom sa Fangcal ko riyar ato masamaamaa:ny a nairaay i riyar. adihay kokakaenen no tamdaw i riyar osakangay no orip' no itiniay a niyaro'.
O minato no kakacawan: I laeno no Changbin kucun a lawac no riyar, katengilan to sowal no itiya:ayho a tamdaw adihay ko masamaamaa:nay a kalimelaan matekesay a fokeloh itini saan, O nai lalinikay no riyar a afokeloh koni, mahawikiday no tapelik ato faliyos talasalawacan no riyar, aloman ko taynitay mipodpod a pakatamaay a tamdaw malopisalamaan to nolafa tahanini. Misi’ayaw to riyar ko pasawali a Pangcah, saka maraod to ko sakatolo tangasa sakaenem a folad to mihecahecaan, awaay to ko tatayalen, fangcal to ko romi’ad, caayay to kasi’enaw, o fa’inayan i tayra to i riyar mifoting mi’orang micekiw sapitongal to saka’orip no loma’, o fafahiyan i, milosimet mihalaka misanga’ to sakiilisin a losid sapikapot a malikoda.
Omaan kora Changbin pongka (selangawan) hananay ? aloman to komilicayay mikinkiway to sakafana’aw tonian a demak’ ! Osaayaway a pakaaraw i i1968 amihecaan itini itaytong changbin pakatama’ toya Faloay a ongcoy hananay a mikorkor to sera masadak ko naiseraay akatelangay a lalosidan, Mahapinang to na iraay ko tandaw maorip’ tona sera’ ia:yaw no 15000 mihecahecaan. Solinga’ han a mikilim konamikorkoran alaosidan i, awaay matama’ konotamdaw a okak’ orasaka caay kafilo amahapinan ko itiya:ayho atamdaw masamaan anengnengen cangra,
6 ko cun, 15 ko niyaro’ i Changbin Siyang. Mornos（永福部落）, Tapowaray或Saranawan（大俱來部落）, Ciwkangan（長光(石坑)部落）, Makrahay（真柄部落）, Cidatayay（烏石鼻部落）, Ta´man（膽曼部落）, Polo't（大峰峰部落）, Pakara'ac（巴卡拉阿茲部落）, Pasongan（八桑安部落）, Kolado't（樟原部落）, Carapongay（堺橋部落）, Sadipongan（三間屋部落）, Nadan（南溪布農部落）, Cikadaan（南溪阿美部落）, Kinanoka（僅那鹿角部落）.
Tjanavakung
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Takinusta
Takinusta（瀧下部落）
Itiniay i Haiduan Cen no Taitung ko Takinusta a niyaro’, 30  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 113 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
96% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 108 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 4% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   5 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Bunun79%, Amis9%, Paiwan2%, Tayal1%, roma5%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Triqan
Triqan（大利幹部落）
93% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 43  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 7% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   3 ko tamdaw.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
O pipaisingan
O pipaisingan (醫院)
thumb|O pipaisingan Iti:yaho, awaayho ko pipaisingan, oni’edawan amisalising ko adadaay a tamedaw, matanento, mikilim to lamit no kilang ato tarod, opapah no kilang ato tarod, nanomen ko mi te’elan a lamit. ilato ko isingi, tahidangen ko ising talaloma’a panenen to adadaay, ancai, micakay ta cemel(sapaiyo) to hakaka’enen no adadaay a tamdaw. Aninisatoi, ilatokotadamaanay a kasa silomaloma no ising, ilakono kanpo-yak atono siy-yak. ilakono kemod ato papotal no tilen ato nipahofucay to wawa a ising, ano silsilen ko kasasilomaloma no ising i,ila ko mihapinangay to tilen, ila kono mata, tangila, ngoso’, takolaw, falocu’, tinai’fowa’,’atay, fongoh, misakapahay topising, sapedek, ngaloy, firfir, fi’ik. ilay ko pawawaay to ca’ayay kacipuyapuy a fafahiyan. ilako mihinomay ami fasaw to lawlaw no falocu’ a ising. ano iniyalo’ay ila ko isiy-siw.
Nan’ao
Nan’ao（南澳鄉）
O pipaisingan
O pipaisingan (醫院)
ano paisingi, mihawikid to kingpo(ciyi-paw), malaayaw a mipafangko pangangan, hanga’nipakingsa, malalicay to ising, miciw-siy, miyara to cemel(sapaiyo’).
Nan’ao
Itini i Yilan(宜蘭) ko Nan’ao Siyang. sa’osi han ko po:long no palaan i, ira ko 716.07 km² (lalotolotokan a plalan no sa’osi i ira ko 637.26 km², o palaan noto’as i'a:yaw i ira ko 65.15 km²), 4,807 ko tamdaw i Nan’ao Siyang, 1,498 ko parod no loma’, itini i niyaro’ a Yincomin(原住民) sa’osi han ira ko 4,487 a tamdaw, pakaala to 93%(Tayal泰雅族) no polong no tamdaw. o Tayal ko sa’alomanay(最多) i Yilan Siyang.
O kasaniyarona
7 ko cun, 13 ko niyaro’ i Nan’ao Siyang. Tpihan（塔壁罕部落）, K’babaw（庫巴博部落）, Pyahaw（比亞豪部落）, Ryohen（流興社部落）, Buta（武塔部落）, K`yang（金洋部落）, Kmuyaw（莫瑤部落）, Guguc（哥各滋部落）, Kngungu（各姆姆部落）, Hagaparis（哈卡巴里斯部落）, Kinus（基諾斯部落）, B’bukeykay（巴博凱凱部落）, Kb’bu（庫巴博部落）.
O pipaisingan
O pipaisingan (醫院)
Tamedaw no paisinga i, ilaay ko tapang, kakelidan ato kasasilomaloma no tayal a ising, ilako kasasilomaloma no kangkofu ato misimaway to adadaay a tamedaw, papotal i, ilako mihamhamay tolafang, ilako palakatay to kiwkiwsiya,
Pekus
Pekus（排骨溪部落）
Itiniay i Datong(大同) Cen no Yilan(宜蘭) ko Pekus a niyaro’, 24  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  41 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
32% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 13  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 68% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,  28 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Tayal(泰雅族)32%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Guinea-bissau
縮圖|Hata no Kiniya-Piso
Kiniya-Piso Kapolongan-Kitakit(幾內亞比索共和國; Potawya a sowla:República da Guiné-Bissau ; Roma a tilid:Gine-Bisaawo).
O itiraay i sa’etipay-Afrika a kitakit, o nano micowatan a kowan a Kiniya no Potawya. Isa’amisan malafiyaw ato Sayniciyar kitakit, isakawalian ato isakatimolan malafiyaw ato Kiniya, isaka’etipan miingid ato Tasiyang-Riyar. O tamdaw ira ko 1,600,000 tamdaw. o sasafaay ko kacaayan ka cemahaf a kitakit itini i hekal ko Kiniya-piso.
Rikisi(歷史)
縮圖|Kaitiraan no Kiniya-Piso kitakit I 1446 miheca milekal ko Potawya o malamicongacongay kitakit no Potawya ko Kiniya-Piso sanay, nikawrira, i‘ayaw no 1600 miheaan, mipatirngay to ko Potawya to kali’acaan to sapipaliwal to koli nani Kiniya-Piso tayra i Witociyaw(維德角:Potawya a sowal:Cabo Verde). Itiya ho talacowa milekal ko Potawya o polong no Kiniya-Piso cisalongocay to sakowan saan, nikawrira, o malaheciay a makowan cowa ka hakowa ko taliyok.
Tahira to i saka 19 sici, malowand to ko ‘etan no pipaliwal to koli siwar sato ko Potawya pasitira i laloma’ no korapaw mikilim to sakaci’eten a tayal. O picowat no Potawya pasilaloma’an cowa ka kali’eki, nawhani ira ko pitoker no tao. Roma sato i,macacoli ato Ikiris a mala’afas to Bolama sera, mihidefong ko congton no Amirika ci Yulis-Kolanto(尤利西斯·S·格蘭特; Ikiris a sowal:Ulysses S. Grant), ikor to malo malamicongacongay kitakit no Potawya saan ko piketon to sowal.
1952 miheca misalof to kinpo tatapangan-rikec no kitakit, oya malamicongacongay kitakit no Potawya a ngangan falicen to “ipapotalay-sera no Potawya” hananay.
I 1956 miheca mapatireng ko kasafelaw no sieci “Kiniya ato Witociya misikeday kasafelaw no Saka’etipay Afrika”. I 1961 miheca ona kasafelaw no sieci misatapang to a misopsop to tamdaw to sapitokeraw to Potawya, talacowa mitongal to sofitay ko Potawya to 3 ‘ofad 5 patek ko sofitay, oya kasafelaw no sieci matongalmatongal ko mikapotay a tamdaw. 1968 mihec ona “Kiniya ato Witociya misikeday kasafelaw no Saka’etipay Afrika” ma’aro to nangra ko kakahaday a pala.
1973 miheca saka 9 folad saka 24 romi’ad milekal to pisiiked ko Kiniya-Piso. Toya miheca saka 11 folad, mitopa ko Linheko 93 ko mihayiay 7 ko milalangay, mihayiay ko ‘alomanay to pisiiked no Kiniya-Piso. 縮圖|Anngpa-Yala congtong 1974 miheca saka 9 folad saka 10 romi’ad malahecice ko pisiiked no Kiniya-Piso nani Potawya.
1980 miheca oya i’ayaway a congli kakeridan no sifo ci Loang-Pirnato-Wiayla(若昂·貝爾納多·維埃拉;Potawya a sowal:João Bernardo Vieira),midemak to Paka'icelay-Pifelih to Sifo. Tocila a mihecaan i 1981 miheca saka 11 folad tahira i 1984 miheca saka 5 folad malakakeridan no Milololay-Inkay mikowan to kitakit. 1984 miheca oya
mitekeday-kasafelaw milaheci a misanga’ to fa’elohay a kinpo tatapangan-rikec no kitakit, maala no sinkiw malacongtong to ikor. Do’edoen kona kinpo o congtong mitokeleday malakakeridan no kitakit atono sifo, o kakeridan no kasafelaw no sieci ato tapang no sofitay. 1983, 1985 ato 193 miheca parariday a ira ko lihaf to sapifelihaw to nikalatapang ni Wiayla.
1994 miheca midemak to sarakatay a Adihayay-Kasafelaw a contong ato kiing no lomaocan no kitakit. 1998 miheca irako kafodfod no sofitay sakalaloodan han to no lalomaan no kitakit, to cila a mihecaan i 1999 miheca malaplap ci Wiayla congtong. 2000 miheca misinkiw to congtong ci Angpa-Yala(Kumba Ialá) ko malacongtongay. 2003 miheca mifelih to sifo ko kakeridan no sofitay ci Wilisimon-Koroyya-Sayyapola(Veríssimo Correia Seabra) paliten ci Angpa-Yala congtong, o sakasaan i “ci AAngpa- Yala cowa to kapakafilo a misongila to demak”, o sinkiw to Kalomaocan-nokitakit papanayal han to, ikor to i, i 2004 miheca saka 3 folad a misinkiw.
2004 miheca saka 10 folad mapatay ko kafodfodan no sofitay ko kakeridan no sofitay ci Sanyapola ato roma a tamdaw, kalalalengatan han to no karawraw no kitakit.
Bulgaria
Takaray a sowal(概要)
O Sofia(索菲亞) ko Siyoto.katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日).Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakatolo 3 a romi’ad.O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i ci Roymen Ratifo( Rumen Radev;魯門·雷得夫), patirengan a romi’ad i 2017 a miheca saka 1 folad saka 22 a romi’ad.
Guinea-bissau
Rikisi(歷史)
2005 miheca ska 6 folad misinkiw to naikoran ni Angpa-Yala, mikapot ci Angpa-Yala tona sinkiw, saikoray to i, oya ‘ayaway a congtong ci Wiayla ko maalaay malacongtong. 縮圖|Roymonto-Piroyla congtong 2007 miheca saka 4 folad saka9 romi’ad, toro’en ni Wiayla congtong ci Martino-Tafa-Kapi malacongli.
2009 miheca saka 3 folad saka1 romi’ad o tata’angay loma’ to pikademan mapakohac mapatay ko midamaay a kakeridan no sofitay ci Nawai, o nicorcoran no congtogn ko nipatayay saan ko sofitay polong sato a kowang to kamaro’an no congtong a loma’ a mipatay to congtong ci Loang-Pirnato-Wiayla, o congli tapang no sifo ci Kalos-Komis ato komong no sifo ci Roys-Santka ko mipaso’elinay tokapatay no congtong.saka 3 fplad saka 3 romi’ad tala’ayaw sato a maro’ ko pacarcaray a congtong ci Roymonto-Piroyla(雷蒙多·佩雷拉;Potawya a sowal:Raimundo Pereira).milekal cingra a misetek to sowal do’edoen ako ko kinpo i laloma’ no 60 romi’ad midemak to pisinkiw to fa’elohay congtong misocok to tayal no kakeridan no kitakit saan.tona miheca saka 9 folad saka 8 folad fa’elohay a malacongtong ci Malan-Pakayi-Saniya maro’ i katayalan no congtong.
Bulgaria
Takaray a sowal(概要)
thumb|Hata no Pawciyaliya (Flag of Bulgaria)|alt=Flag of Bulgaria.svg thumb|Kaitiraan (Bulgaria)
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Rikisi(歷史)
2012 miheca saka 1 folad mapatay ci Malan-Pakayi-Saniya congtong to adada, o tapang no kalomaocan-nokitakit ci Roymonto-Piroyla malapacarcaray a congtong. Ska 3 folad midemak to sinkiw no congtong. I saka 4 folad saka 12 romi’ad mipakokot ko milololay sofitay milowanan no sifo ko payso no sofitay saan a mifelih to sifo, paliteng nangra ko pacarcaray congtong ci Roymonto-Piroyla, i’ayaway a kakeridan no sifo congli, sapiliyawaw a misinkiw ci Kalos-Komis ato roma a tapang no sifo. Saka 4 folad saka 18 romi’ad, ona milololay-sofitay ato mifelihay-kasafelaw masasowal a matatilid, lekal sato to pipalasawad to polong katayalan no sifo, tona ikor o pacarcaran to tosa a ihecaan saan, malepon to kona pacarcaran a romi’ad ta midemak to sinkiw to congtong ato kiing no kalomaocan-nokitakit.
Bulgaria
Kaitiraan (地理位置)
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 46.90%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 36.70%, malo no roma to a sera 16.40%.
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Kaitiraan(地理)
Kiniya-Piso o fa’edetay a riyariyaran-kakarayan. i saka 6 folad tahira i saka 11 folad o kafodo’an a kakarayan. o safalat ko fali. Nani saka 12 folad tahira i saka 5 folad o kakedalan, o hamatan(harmattan) a lifes ko fali. 縮圖|Tatapangan niyaro'
Bulgaria
Rikisi(歷史)
O saka’amis a kaitiraan no Pawciyaliya anini malecad o Sakawali no Mosiya(Latin a sowal:Moesia; Kuwaping a sowal:默西亞)ito’asan ho, roma sa i,o sakatimol no aniniay Pawciyaliya malecad o saka’amis no Soloysi(Pawciyaliya a sowal:Тракия; Torki a sowal:Trakya ; Kuwaping a sowal:色雷斯) ito’asan ho.
Guinea-bissau
Saka’orip(經濟)
O nitoro’an no Linheko o cecay no sasafaay ko kacaayan ka cemahaf a kitakit itini i hekal ko Kiniya-piso. O liomah ato pifoting ko sakakaay saka’orip no tamtamdaw. I 1998 miheca tahira i 2000 mihecaan a lalood i laloma’an tada tata’ang ko kapelpel no nipatirengan dafong ato makari’ang ko saka’orip.
Bulgaria
Rikisi(歷史)
O liteng a finacadan no Pawciyaliya i, o Soloysi-Tamdaw(Ikiris a sowal:Thracians ;Latin a sowal:Thraci). I tiya i’ayaw latek iikor no sakacecay miheca naikoranni Yiso, ona pala itini malapecih no Roma-Hotian Kitakit, malalikel to Soloysi-Sakowan ato Mosiya-Sakowan. To ikor to o Pacantin-Hontian Kitakit komidotocay.
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Saka’orip(經濟)
Ikor tono 2013 mihecaan, matongal ko kaciheci no kasatefi’an, malasaka’enem ko rayray i hekal a kitakit. o nipaliwalan i roma a kitakit a foting ato mamang a kodasing, ongangil-nonanges ato kilang. O sakakaay a kaka’enen no Kiniya-Piso o panay.
Bulgaria
Sakacecay a Micowatay Hontian-Kitakit(第一帝國)
Sakaenem sici sa’aloman sa ko tayniay a Slafo-Tamdaw, ato mamang a mikeridan ni Aspaluhe (Pawciyaliya a sowal:Аспарух; Kuwaping a sowal:阿斯巴魯赫) nani ka’amisay lilis no Kohetingay-Riyar ato ka’amisay Kawciyaso maforaw tayra i Misiya, macamamol ato o Tocie ko sowal a Pawciyar-Tamdaw, onini ko lalengawan no Pawciyaliya-Tamdaw.
Guinea-bissau
Saka’orip(經濟)
O kiyam no Kiniya-Piso malawisay to ko 16 ’ok no Amirika-Payso(2020 mihecaan a sa’osi) 縮圖|Pasanga'an to kuliciw
Bulgaria
Sakacecay a Micowatay Hontian-Kitakit(第一帝國)
I aikor ni Yiso 681 miheca, Aspoluko-Kitakit malowid nira ko Honti no Paycantin ci Casitinni sakatosa( Sila a sowal:Ιουστινιανός Β' ο Ρινότμητος;Kuwaping a sowal:查士丁尼二世; thumb|Casitinni sakatosa(Solidus of Justinian II, Second Reign, Constantinople, 705 AD, gold - Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Harvard University - DSC01501) ocimil a ngangan:makelacay ko ngoso a tamdaw:被剜鼻者), matatilid to kakaketonan, malaheci maala ko sakatimol no Tonaw-‘alo ato saka’misay etal no Parkan lotolotokan no Paycantin, patireng to Pawciyaliya-Hontian Kitakit(latek nani 681 tahira i 1018 miheca ). Sanoyanan sa to tolo so’ot ko mihecan o sakakaay a Misiikeday-Hontian kitakit ko Pawciyaliya,o ‘icel no Pawciyaliya ma’edengay mamatoktok ato Paycantin,kinapinapina to sapico’ecoaw to tata’angay niyaro’ no Paycantin ko sofitay no Pawciyaliya.
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Tamdaw(人口)
Tahira i 2009 miheca saka 3 folad a pisa’osi to tamdaw no Kiniya-Piso ira ko 1,548,159 ko tamdaw, i 2017 mihecaan tahiraay to 190 ‘ofad ko tamdaw, o itinitiniay a kaohetingay tamdaw mahaop ko 99%, oninian i,makinatoloay ho ‘isalen, o maro’ay i saka’amisan ato isaka’amisan no sakawali a Fula tamdaw ato o Mandinka ko sowal a tamdaw, sakatolo o maro’ay i sakatimolan a lislis no riyar a Balanta ato Papel tamdaw ato maro’ay isifan ato saka’amisan kiskis no riyar a Manjaco ato Mancanha tamdaw, ilaloma’ nonini o “ itinitiniay ko ‘orip a kahetingay-finacadan”, ma’isal ho to 27 kasasiroma a finacadan, ilaloma’ no nini o Palanto tamdaw 27 %, Fula-tamdaw 23%, Mantinko-tamdaw 12%, o roma i, Molato-tamdaw( o maramramay ko ‘irang no kahetingay tamdaw ato Potawya tamdaw a teloc, Molato hananay a mitahidang). Cowa ka hakowa ko so’elinay a Potawya tamdaw, nawhani, yo misiiked ko Kiniya-Piso nani Porawya-Micowatan Kowan maforaway to ko Potawya tamdaw.
Bulgaria
Sakacecay a Micowatay Hontian-Kitakit(第一帝國)
Onini to ko sakalalood no Paycantin ato Pawciyaliya. I 755 miheca, o saeawa’an no Pawciyaliya ci Cielice mi’eco to Paycatin, malowid no honti no Paycantin ci Cinstantin sakalima(Sila a sowal:Κωνσταντίνος Ε΄;Kuwaping a sowal:君士坦丁五世) ko Pawciyaliya,itiya sato 759 ato 763 miheca tokitok sa mapidah. Itira sato i 767 miheca matatilid to Sakarihaday-Kakaketonan.
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Tamdaw(人口)
O katongal no fosoc no mihecaan ira ko 2.07%. tada’akawangay ko nikalecad no sofoc, 1000 tamdaw ira ko 49.92ko masofocay wawa, palalenen o cecay a fafahiyan ira ko 7.56 ko wawa. Nikawrira, nikalecad no mapatayay ’akawangay to, 1000 ko tamdaw ira ko 16.53% ko mapatayay. O ’orip no Kiniya-Piso tada’amoto’ay pasatili’en to Comahaday-Kitakit, o pali’ayaw a misa’osi tono fainayan a ’orip ‘edengan 45.05 miheca, no fafahiyan 49.75 miheca. 縮圖|Keriyol a sowal;Aka pacikay, iraanko ma'emangay misalama itini!
Bulgaria
Sakacecay a Micowatay Hontian-Kitakit(第一帝國)
889 miheca, o kalali’aca ko lalengatan a miliyaw heca amalalood. 984 miheca, o sawara’an no Pawciyaliya ci Simiang sakacecay(Pawciyaliya a sowal( Pawciyaliya a sowal:Симеон I Велики ; Kuwaping a sowal:西美昂一世)pakalowid to sofitay no Sila. I 913 miheca ona ci Simiang sakacecay patedo sa a milekal a mala Safang(Цар; 沙皇), keriden ningra ko sofitay miraod tangasa i Cinstantinpaw,cowa ho kalalood o patalaw aca, mapatangic ko Pacantin a matatilid to kakaketonan, adihay ko nipafelian no Paycantin a dafong, adihay ho koni afasan a sapakining.
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Sowal ato Punka(語言和文化)
Mahaop ko 44% a tamdaw o Keriyol a sowal(paramram hananay ko masasiromaromaay a sowal) nawhani, tadatalolong ko pirecep no sowal no Potawya toya Keriyol sowal(克里奧爾語; Ikiris a sowal:Creole Lan.guage ano ca Creole), ’edengan 14% a tamdaw o sifoan a Potawya-sowal ko kalosowal, oroma sahetoay ono Afrika-sowla ko kalosowal to romi’ami’ad.
Bulgaria
Sakacecay a Micowatay Hontian-Kitakit(第一帝國)
Itira sato i 981 miheca, o honti no Paycantin ci Pasir sakatosa(Sila a sowal:Βασίλειος;Latin a sowal:Basileios; Kuwaping a sowal:巴西爾二世) sapicowataw to Pawciyaliya, malowid no honti no Pawciyaliya ci Samur(Самуил; 薩穆爾) i ngata no Sofiya. I 986 miheca micowat ko honti no Pawciyaliya ci Samur to Tisaliya, toker han no honti no Paycantin ci Pasir sakatosa.
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Sowal ato Punka(語言和文化)
Latek ira ko 50% a tamdaw mitooray to to’asan-pitooran. Nahaop ko 45% no polong a tamdaw mitooray to Islam-Pitooran, o sakakaay a mitooray o Fula-tamdaw ato o Mantinkosowal a tamdaw, 5% mitooray to Keristo-Pitooran, I laloma’ nonini sahaetoay o Tinsikiw.
Bulgaria
Sakacecay a Micowatay Hontian-Kitakit(第一帝國)
Tahira to i 1072 miheca,o wawa to no wawa no Samur ci Kangstantin-Pocin patedo sa tomireng malahonti, ci Pitoro sakatolo, patokitok ho a mitoker to Paycantin.
Guinea-bissau
Sowal ato Punka(語言和文化)
Adihay ko radiw ato macacawiay a Ngunpa radiw no Kiniya-Piso, ona Ngunpa o tahapinangan no radiwa no Kiniya-Piso, nikawrira, cilacila marawraw ko kitakit malowan ko romadiway ato mitengeilay a tamdaw.
Bulgaria
Sakatosa a Micowatay Hontian-Kitakit(第二帝國)
1185 miheca,ca Pitoro saka sepat aci Yfan-Asin sakacecay malikaka mikeridan to Pawciyaliya a tamdaw miliyaw thumb|Yfan-Asin sakacecay (N. pavlovic assen) milood, ptireng to dakatosa a Pawciyaliya Hontian-Kitakit. Mitangic to Paycantin i 1187 miheca to pihai to pisiiked no Pawciyaliya. Tahira sato i saka13 sici, cemahad to ko tili’etanan, matongal ko kaahdihay no niyaro’. O honti ci Yfan-Asin sakatosa, isakakaay to ko kacemahd no kitakit, sakakahaday ko pala no kitakit, katimol tahira i Soloysi, isaka’etip ato sakawali tangasa i riyar.
Yo mapatay to ko honti ci Yfan-Asin sakatosa, malikelon to ko ’icel no kitakit. 1242 miheca, o kakeridan no sofitay no Monko-Hontian kitakit ci Pato hakelong nira ko sofitay mihidefong to pala no Pawciyaliya, I 1258 miheca tekop sato ko Pawciyaliya a kitakit. Oya sa Paycantin midongdong a mi’eco to Pawciyaliya, mi’afas to Anciyarusi-Minato ato Maysaimupoliya-Minato.
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Sowal ato Punka(語言和文化)
Ngunpa o polong a radiw no Kiniya-Piso ko nisowalan, o maramramay a cisafaway a kasasiroma a finacadan a to’asan ato mitekeday a radiw, o Tina ato Tinga ko malenakay radiw.
Bulgaria
Sakatosa a Micowatay Hontian-Kitakit(第二帝國)
Itiya sato i 1277 miheca, o cecay mikapotay a kitakit no Monko oya Cincahan-Kitakit( Ikiris a sowal: Golden Horde; Monko a sowal:Алтан Орд;Altan Ord ;Kuwaping a sowal:欽察汗國) midefong i saka’amis no Pawciyaliya, tona a mihecaan patokeled sa ko Paucantin a mi’eco to Tinofa, nikawrira, malowid. 1330 miheca, malamikotoday a kitakit ko Pawciyaliya no Saywirwiya, nika cakahalafin mapapecihpecih mala pinapina a mamangay kitakit.
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Pacefaday a tilid(註腳)
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Bulgaria
O pikowan no micowatay a Otoman-Hontian Kitakit(鄂圖曼帝國統治)
thumb|1387miheca Kosofo-Lalood (Battle of Kosovo, Adam Stefanović, 1870) I ikor no Kosofo-Lalood(Saywirwiya a sowal:Косовски бој或Бој на Косову; Kuwaping a sowal:科索沃戰役) I 1389 miheca ato Nikopaw-Lalood [1]( Pawciyaliya a sowal:Битка при Никопол、Bitka pri Nikopol; Torki a sowal:Niğbolu Savaşı )I 1396 miheca, matekop a malahedaw ko Nikisiiked no sakatosa a Pawciyaliya-Hotian Kitakit, malocecay a nikowanan no Otoman-Torki Hotian-Kitakit. Itira to i ikor no saka 19 sici, o nipikerid ni Wasir-Lifusici (Pawciyaliya a sowal:Васил Левски) ta malaliyad heca ko pidemak to sakapisiikedan no Pawciyaliya. Toyanan nornor sato a malikelon ko ’icel no Otoman-Hontian Kitakit, itira to ko pisa’imer no Pawciyaliya a mipaco’ay, tahitkeda to pitoker no Torki safitay a ma’enec, patodeled sa ko Honti no Rosiya a milood to Otoman, mitedal to roray no Slafo-Salikaka saan, ikor tona lalood matatilid to「Polin-kakaketonan」(Toic a sowal:Berliner Kongress)[2] pakaala ko Pawciliya to Niyah-Pikowan, patireng to safatad sanay ho a Misiikeday Pawciyaliya- Hontian-Kitakit [3]( Pawciyaliya a sowal:Царство България; Roma a tilid:Tsarstvo Bulgaria; Kuwaping a sowal:保加利亞王國). Tahira to i 1885 miheca nga’ simsim hato ko matatodongay a tamdaw a mala no niyahan a honti, itini to ka kalaheci no kitakit a malacecay.
Pawciyaliya Hontian-Kitakit a mihecahecaan (保加利亞王國時期)
Ira ko pidama no Rosiya ato Ci’icelay-Kitkitakit tamanga’ay nornor sato ko Pawciyaliya Hontian-Kitakit miliyas to pikowan no Otoman, tangasa i 1908 miheca malahontian kitakit, i ikor no Parkan-Lalood, o Pawciyaliya, Saywirya, Kahetingay-Lotok kitakit, ato Sila cifaloco’ to sapipecihaw to sera no Torki itira i Yoropa. thumb|Sofitay no Pawciyaliya i Ka'amisay- Maciton (Bulgarian Macedonians) Itiya i sarakarakat ho no sakacecay Lalood no Hekal, cifaloco’ ko Pawciyaliya to sapipaco’ay, I 1915 miheca mikapot to Nipatekoan-Kitakit(Toic a sowal:Mittelmächte ;Kuwaping a sowal:同盟國), tangsolsol sa malacafay ato Toic-Hontian kitakit ato Awsyong-Hontian Kitakit mi’eco to Sayrwiya, to ikor micowat ho to Romaniya. Yo miliyas sato ko sofitay no Toic, o sakakaay to ko sofitay no Pawciliya, sanga’ay sa ko aro’ no sofitay no Pawciyaliya tahira i 1918 miheca malepon to kona Sakacecay Hekalay-Lalood.
I sarakarakat ho no Sakatosa Hekalay-Lalood, o Nacui-Toic(Toic a sowal:Nationalsozialistische Deutschland; Kuwaping a sowal:納粹德國;第三帝國) ato Itali Hontian-Kitakit masasowal (Ikiris a sowal:arbitration award; Kuwaping a sowal:維也納仲裁裁決) a midama to Pawciyaliya mi’afas a patikor to Nantopoloka.
1941 miheca saka 3 folad saka 1 romi’ad, ira ko pasitiraay i Toic a Congli no Pawciyaliya ci Pokotan Filofo mipangangan i『Kakaketonan no Toloay Kitakit』(Ikiris a sowal:Tripartite Pact; Kuwaping a sowal:德意日三國同盟條約) to pipaheci a mikapot to「Tokodan-Kitakit」(Ikiris a sowal:Axis power;Toic a sowal:Die Achsenmächte;Kuwaping a sowal:軸心國). Yo milood sato ko Toic to Nanslafo, mipadang ko sofitay no Pawciyaliya to Toic, iikor to no kalaloodan cililam ko Pawciyaliya to kakahaday a pala no Nanslafo-Maciton itira no Sila alalood, pakapi’eco ko Pawciyaliya to Sa’etipay-Seloysi a pala no Sila.
Itira i 1941 miheca saka 12 folad saka 12 romi’ad, mitakaw a mitefad to pakotang ko Dipon Cinco-Minato no Hawai, mitoor a milekal milood to Amirika. thumb|itolofu-Mihailofu (Georgi Dimitrov)
Aniniay Rikisi (現代歷史)
Yo malepon sato ko Sakatosa-Lalood no Hekal, mapatatiko a maala koya Satimolan no Topoloka, nikawrira, itiraan i sakowan no Solin a miteli. 1946 miheca palasawad to Sawara’an-Faco no kitakit, patireng to Pawciyaliya Nikapolong-Kitakit (Pawciyaliya a sowal:Народна Pепублика България,Narodna Republika Balgariya;Kuwaping a sowal:保加利亞人民共和國), ci Koawrci-Titolofu-Mihailofu (Pawciyaliya asowal:Георги Димитров Михайлов;Kuwaping a sowal:格奧爾基·迪米特羅夫·米哈伊洛夫) ko sarakatay a malatapang no kitakit.
Sieci (政治)
O finawlan ko misinkiway to congtong no Pawciyaliya, 5 miheca ko kalacongtonan, manga’ay pararid to kinacecay. O congtong i,o sawara’an no kitakit ato sakakaay kakeridan no sofitay,o mikomoday a tamdaw to Sakarihaday no Kitakit a Pitenglan a Iinkay, ano awawaay ko sapisanga’ to rikec a ’icel, nikawrira ira ko ’icel a patiko to rikec i Pikaykian no Kitakit papiliyaw a masasowal a mifalic toya rikec, o Pikaykian no Kitakit o ’alomanay a pihai no kiing a mifelih toya mipatikoan no congton a rikec ta malaheci ko kapisanga’ tora rikec.
O Pikaykian-Nikapolongan Faco ko Pawciyaliya (Ikiris a sowal:parliamentary republic; Kuwaping a sowal:議會共和制). O Finawlan-Pikaykian(Народно събрание) a faco o Cecayay-Pikaykian-Faco, o polong no kiing ira ko 240 ko tamdaw, sepat ko mihecaan ko kalakiingan. thumb|Simiyang-Sakatos (Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Simeon II) in 2017) O cecay a kasafelaw no sieci (centang) pakaala to 4% a satopa no misinkiway nga’ manga’ay mikapot i pikaykian. Ona pikaykian ira ko ’icel to sapisanga’ to rikec no kitakit, mihai to yosang a sakatayal a payso no sifo, milaleko to pisinkiw to congtong,misinkiw ato palasawad to kamaro’an no congli tapang no sifo, milekal to lalood, miketon to sowal to pihai to sofitay tayra i roma akitakit, mihai to kasasowal pakayni to kacacofelan a demak.
2001 miheca saka 6 folad saka 17 romi’ad a tata’angay a sinkiw, oni keridan ni Simiyang-Sakatos(Pawciyaliya a sowal:Симеон II; Kuwaping a sowal:西美昂二世） a Polong-Kitakit-Tang pakaala to 42.7% a satopa no misinkiway. Ona ci Simiyang-Sakatos o sarikoray a hotnti, namisawad a malahonti o pakalowid to sinkiw a malasawrra’an no kitakit.
Itiya i 1990 miheca saka 7 folad saka7 romi’ad malaheci ko sowal to pipacarcar ho to pidemak to i patay no ciraraway a tamdaw, noyanan to i 1998 miheca saka 12 folad saka12 romi’ad palaheci hananay to a palasawad ko mipatayay a demak to ciraraway a tamdaw.
Kasasilsil no sakowan(行政區劃)
O kakahad no pala no Pawciyaliya i,iraay ko 110,910㎢, o tatapangan a tokai i Sofiya[1] [2](Pawciyaliya a sowal:София，Ronaan tilid:Sofiya ;Kuwaping a sowal:索菲亞). o polong a tata’angay sakowan(州) ira ko 28 ko sakowan:
Kaitiraan(地理)
Makalitosaay no Parkan-Lotolotokan(Pawciyaliya a sowal ato Sayrwiya a sowal:Стара планина / Stara Planina; thumb|Parkan-Lotolotokan (Balkangebirge Balkan topo de) Kuwaping巴爾幹山脈)ko Pawciyaliya, isaka’mis i,o Tonaw-’Alo Dafdaf, isakatimol i,o Soloysi-Dasdas. O katimol no saka’etip i, o Lotopi-Lotok, o kolokolol nona lotok o Musala-’apocok(Pawciyaliya a sowal:Мусала, Kuwaping a sowal:穆薩拉峰) nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 2,925m ko ’akawang, o sa’akawangay no Parkan-Pecih Kanatal(Balkans;巴爾幹半島). Pasiwali misi’ayaway to Kohetingay-Riyar(Black Sea; 黑海), o kalala’edan no Pawciyaliya ato Romaniya ko Tonaw ’Alo.
O fa’edet no romi’ad i sakacecay folad itiraay i sifo’ no -2℃ato2℃, i saka7 folad nani 19℃tahira 25℃(tokos10℃). O lalen no ’orad no mihecaan 450 tahira 600mm (i tokos tahiraay i 1300mm).
Kicai (經濟)
I 1989 miheca yo tatiih to ko kalali’aca to dafong ato Solin(Rosiya a sowal:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик, decdec:СССР; Kuwaping a sowal:蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯盟,簡稱蘇聯), tata’ang ko nikasipon no Pawciyaliya., o lalen no ’orip no tamtamdaw mataefad 40%. Tahira to i 1994 mihecaan nga’ saidahi sato ko kahirahira a katayalan. Nikawrira, nikacaay ka harerek ko pisongila’ a mifalic ko pakayniay i kicai a demak ato nikacaay ho kahinaker ko faco no kinko, 1996 miheca malaliyaw heca ko katatiih no kicai to katayalan.tahira to i 2003 miheca nga’ manga’ay ko katayalan no polong no kitakit. thumb|Mikuy hana(Rosa rugosa) Nano to’asan o maomahay ko Pawciyaliya a kitakit, orasak o mikuy a hana(Rosa rugosa;玫瑰), yuko(Ikiris a sowal:Yogurt; Kuwaping a sowal:優格) ato poto ’epah tadamanga’ay tata’ang ko ngangan i hekal manga’ay ko ‘aca.
Pitooran ato Tamdaw (宗教和人口)
O misakristoay ko 65% a tamdaw no Pawciyaliya, ilaloma’ nonini i,mahaop ko 64% o Pawciyaliya So’elinay Kiwkai(Orthodox church ;正教會). 13% o mitooray to Muslin, sahetoay o Pomako tamdaw ato Mamangay-Finacadan no Torki.
Punka (文化)
Tadaadihay ko naikoran no rocok no payrayrag a ma’arw i punka, rikisi ato rocokan, mahaop ko Sroysi tamdaw, Katelang a Sila tamdaw ,Roma a tamdaw, Selafo a tamdaw, Walyangko tamdaw ato Pawciyar tamdaw. Oninian ko kacidafong no Pawciyaliya to kahirahira a lisinan itini i hekal, o tinooy ato mito’eto’an dafong no Soroysi tamdaw, o rocok no radiw ato katelang a nipatirenganno Pawciyar tamdaw. thumb|Kaying no Pawciyaliya (Lazarki from Gabra) O makeraay a satelangay a misanga’an a tada’emin dafong i Waerna tadem no Pawciyaliya, o rikisi nonini dafong miso’edac to 5,000 ko mihecaan.[9] I sifo’an sici o cecay no kahiceraan no Selafo Punka ko Pawciyaliya, o nikahadakan no Silirtilid(Rosiya a sowal:Кирилли́ческий алфави́т或Кири́ллица，falicen a mitilid:Kirilličeskij alfavit或者Kirillica ; Kuwaping a sowal:西里爾字母或斯拉夫字母).
Tahira to i saka 19 sici ato saka 20 sici, o mirocokay to ’ilang no Pawciyaliya ato Ikiris a malatamdaway no Amirika ci Yohani-Wensin-Atanasofo (Ikiris a sowal:John Vincent Atanasoff; Kuwaping a sowal:約翰·文森·阿塔納索夫) o mikapotay a mipasadak to Tinnaw(computer;電腦).
Itini i Pawciyaliya ano sata’ota’ong sa o mminayay, ano miingaing o mihaiyan.[10] O winaan a sowal no Pawciyaliya ko Pawciyaliya a sowal,do’edo’en ko「Eurobarometer report（2006）」a nipasadakan a sowal, o mafana’ay somowal to Ikiris a sowal no Pawciyaliya i,latek ira ko 120 ofad ko tamdaw, mahaop ko 23% no polong a tamdaw no Pawciyaliya. ci Safulo komihongyakuay.
Pipalafangan Lihad(旅遊資訊)
Itini i WIKI-Nipalalan to pipalafangan a tilid no Pawciyaliya ira ko:
Tahapinangan a Tilid (參考文獻)
[1] Kenneth Meyer Setton、Harry W. Hazard. A History of the Crusades: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Univ of Wisconsin Press. 1975年: 第83頁. ISBN 0299066703 （英語）.
[3] 6FP NoE 4M in Bulgaria - Sofia Info. [2013-11-24]. （原始內容存檔於2009-03-09
[4] 新華網. 罗马尼亚和保加利亚正式加入欧盟. 中國網. 2007-01-01 [2021-01-24]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-31） （中文）.
[5] 新華網. 罗马尼亚和保加利亚正式加入欧盟. 中國網. 2007-01-01 [2021-01-24]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-31） （中文）.
[6] European Union. European Union. European Union. [2021-01-24]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-10） （英語）.
[7] Editors of Britannica. Sofia. Encyclopædia Britannica. [12 February 2016].
[8] Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Britannica Educational Publishing. 2013-06-01. ISBN 9781615309870.
[9] New perspectives on the Varna cemetery (Bulgaria) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, By: Higham, Tom; Chapman, John; Slavchev, Vladimir; Gaydarska, Bisserka; Honch, Noah; Yordanov, Yordan; Dimitrova, Branimira; September 1, 2007
[10] “Yes”and“No”Gestures. Learn Bulgarian Easily. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-09）.
Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Quwis awi’
Quwis awi’（砂埔鹿部落）
Itiniay i Tai’an Cen no Miaoli ko Quwis awi’ a niyaro’, 111 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 368 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
67% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 245 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 33% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 123 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal63%, Amis1%, Paiwan1%, roma2%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Cinemnemay
Itiniay i Taipei.
Cinemnemay（吉能能麥部落）
Sa'aniwan
Sa'aniwan（宜灣部落）
Cinemnemay
21% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 506 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 79% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 1,915 ko tamdaw.
Sa'aniwan
Itiniay i Chenggong Cen no Taitung ko Sa'aniwan a niyaro’, 153 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 303 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Cinemnemay
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)13%, Bunun(布農族)6%, Truku(太魯閣族)1%, roma(其他)1%.
Sa'aniwan
91% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 275 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 9% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  28 ko tamdaw.
Cinemnemay
Ira ko picodadan(玉里國小) i niyaro’.
Sa'aniwan
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Amis86%, roma4%.
Cinemnemay
U miciekay kalimelaan i niyaro’（部落特色）
Tuna kitiraan i kemud nu Sin-tin-ci Si-co alalan, saka tudung hananay tura Si-co a pangngan.
U finacadan nu niyaro’（部落所屬族群）
’Amis / Pangcah
Mklapay
Mklapay（加拉排部落）
Itiniay i Jianshi(尖石) Cen no Hsinchu(新竹) ko Mklapay a niyaro’, 69  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 179 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Cinemnemay
U pituulan（宗教信仰）
U Kiliseto atu Tinsikiw
Mklapay
63% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 113 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 37% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,  66 ko tamdaw.
Cinemnemay
U laluwadan nu niyaro’（部落由來）
Tu ikul nu 1960 a mihecean, ’aluman ku malinahay a Yen-cu-min taira i tukay mikilim tu saka’lihaday nu ’olip, i Taypak a tukay adihay ku katayalan, saka sa’aluman ku mafulaway nu ’Amis a taini, nikaurira nu ’Amis tu pinangan a saka’olip cuwa ka hecad tu nu Paylang, mangalef ho ku picaliwan tu luma’  a payci, tangasa tu i 1970 a mihecaan ira ku nai Tukar a niyaro’ tu Posko nu Kaliko a finawlan, pakatama’ cangra tu cecay matuniyaro’ay a pala i sawail nu Sin-tin-si, nika masaniyaro’ satu ku alo’ nangra i tira, ikul tu nu 1980 a mihecaan tungatungal satu ku tamdaw a mafulaw taira tuna niyaro’.
U nanumalitengan ho ku likakawa a likes nu niyaro’, i 2004 a mihecaan patileng tu (Usay. Sawmah) i-su-tuan, pacafay a paluwad tu selanawan nu ’Amis a demak i niyaro’, i 2010 patileng tu新店區原住民族永續發展協會」a paluwad「新北市新店溪洲阿美族生活文化園區」patunek, itini i 2014 a mihecaan misatapan a matayal.
I niyaro’an ira ku cecay kasaupuan, u sapikaykian a pakaini tu nu finawlay a demak, lumasatu piilisin atu samaamaanay a selangawan a tayal tu pidademakan.
Mklapay
Ira ko picodadan(尖石國中、嘉興國小) i niyaro’.
Cinemnemay
O kasadakan no lihaf（參考資料）
曾幼龍（2011），「漂．留」在都市邊緣 : 河岸聚落原住民社會福利輸送體系之研究. 國立臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所未出版碩士論文. 臺北市.
Mklapay
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Wp/szy
Quzi
Quzi（中心部落）
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan ko Quzi a niyaro’, 119 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 294 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
54% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 158 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 46% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 136 ko tamdaw.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Kalaluran
Kalaluran（卡拉魯然部落）
Itiniay i Taitung(台東) Cen no Taitung ko Kalaluran a niyaro’, 193 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 536 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
90% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 484 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 10% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  52 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Paiwan(排灣族)74%, Amis(阿美族)5%, Tayal(泰雅族)1%, Rukai(魯凱族)2%, Puyuma(卑南族)2%, roma(其他)5%.
Marocan
O ngangan no Marocan (牧魯棧部落由來)
O ngangan no Morocan a kongko no ’Aims how i, o kaci ngangan no Morocan i, ira ko adada no finawlan itiya ho to ciadadaay a fanges (皮膚病), sa morimoricen a mimoric sa, itiya to maala a pangangan to Morocan sanay a ngangan. sowal sa ira ko cecay a cipaysoay a tamdaw, mipaadadaan kora wawa to Lagsan, o molotsan ko manengneng’ay i tirengan. itira i tilidan no kasakapingan i o「 O-law-cen」(無老僧) ko sowal nangra. o todong no cecayay a kitakit ko sa’osi to itiya:ay ho a kasaniyaro’. midoedo to kimad no to’as i, kakakonis no niyaro’ o Kiwit a ngasaw ato Fasay ngasaw ko to’asay a sowal. nano to’as na i Sanasay ko tapangan no aro’, ikol stao I malinah to i Kalingko a pakamaro’ saan. na o malecaday a maro’ a niyaro’ ko Kiwit, nawhani caay ka’edeng ko mikaomahan, sa linahan to i ’ no’amisan no Fo-yen ’alo, misacacay a kopot to Pa’ilasen to Atolan a niyaro’ ato Langas a niyaro’. i ka Riponan ho, Pa’ilasen han no Ripon a pangangan koni a niyaro’, mapapolong to Morocan, Atolan, Langasan, polong han a pangangan to cecay Pa’ilasen sanay a ngangan. tahira to i Ｍinko’ko(民國) tolo polo’ ira ko enem a miheca, salatolo han to a paliyaw a pangangan ko Pi’ilasen, Fo-ming (富民村), Lacihakan, han to tahamatini. na i Cilangsan a malinah i Oyaw a Talaalan niyaro’, ikor to matiniay a aro’.
Kalaluran
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Marocan
O kasiikedan no niyaro’(部落特色)
Morocan hanaay a niyaro’ itira i Taywan a kitakit, i Kalingko i kohkohan ko Pa’ilasen a niyaro’. o kasiromaan no Morocan i, nano i katelangay ho ko pangangan to Palaceng (Pa’ilasen) saanay. ko ’aro i malatolo ira ko cecay a todong ko kasaniyaro’an (Morocan, Atolan, Langasan), lawac no Mrocan a sera nai ciyataw no Pa’ilasen i sakatimol pasaetip, saka ’amis no Fo-ming a niyaro’, matelek ko Fo-yen a niyaro’ i ’amis, i timol i metelek to ’Atolan a niyaro, saka’etip i matelek to Wan-long syang (萬榮鄉 sowal no holam). i tini i 1 to 4 Lin (鄰) ato 18 to 20 Lin ko limaw no Fo-ming a niyaro’ i sakatimol no Fo-yen a alo’, o kalalitemohan no Pa’ilasen a lalan ko aro no Morocan, saheto o dafdaf palapalan ko sera.
O makapahay ko niyaro’ no Mrocan, ano tayra a misalama i, o pitedal pisakahemaw to faloco’ no tatirengan a mirakat to niyaro’ no Morocan. sakarakat a rarakaten a lalan dakawen ko cinamalay pasayraay i Fo-yen (富源), i fatad maepod ciyataw no Pa’ilasen, ta rakat han a pasatimol tangasa to i Morocan, ano aca nai Kalingko tahira i Posong do’edo han ko lalan no Tay ciw syen (台９線) tangsa to. ya maro’ay i tini i Morocan saheto o Pangcah maemin a finacadan. o sakalalicay a sowal i, o no Pangcah a sowal ato o no holam a caciyaw.
Ilisin no niyaro’
O ilisin no serangawan, i faloay a folad a mi’ilisin ko finawlan, cecay miheca kina cecay, tolo romiad ko pi’ilisin. o kakenen a kinapaloma’, sakadofah sako kinapaloma no Morocan, ira ko wirok, ira ko talacay, o lokot, o daeci ato panay, o kodasing ato ariray, ya ariray ato kodasing i makakotakotay a mipaloma.
O nikalopisak no Marocan (人口分佈)
Itiniay i Ruisui(瑞穗) Cen no Hualien(花蓮縣) ko Langas a niyaro’, 161 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 389 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Fakong
縮圖|Kaitiraan no Fakong Etal
Marocan
O nikalopisak no Marocan (人口分佈)
66% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin (原住民), polong han i, 256 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 11% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong (全部) han i, 38 ko tamdaw.
Fakong
Fakong (豐濱鄉: 'Amis a sowal:Fakong;Kafalang a sowal :Bakung;Sakizaya a sowal:Bakung）
O itiraay i sawalian no Kalinko kowan, o dengan onini ko misi'ayaway to riyar i sakawalian Lilis no Riyar Lotok a etal, o iraayay kona kamaro'an orasaka manikaway to saka'orip, o pala sa itini macingcing no riyar, orasaka nornor sato a mafaraw misatokay ko tamdaw, cowa to ka paka lima patek ko maro'ay itini a tamdaw.
Marocan
O nikalopisak no Marocan (人口分佈)
O pa-sin-to (百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan (族群) i, ko Amis (阿美族) 58%, Bunun (布農族) 5%, Truku (太魯閣族) 1%, roma (其他) 1%.
O finacadan no Yincomin (所屬阿美族群)
O Siwkolan a ’amis han ko Morocan a niyaro’, nano to’as ho kita o Pangcah na itiniay to i kalala’ed no matelengay i sifo no Taywan a lotok. na itira i tarawadaw no Kalingko talatimol tangasa i Cilamitay, nawhani maemin paniyaro’ i lawac no Siwkolan a tarawadaw sa mapangangan to Siwkolan a ’amis. i tiniay i Ruysuy-syang (瑞穗鄉 sowal no holam) no Hualien-siyen (花蓮縣 sowal no holam) ko Morocan a niyaro’,  Itiniay i sa’amisan ira ko Fo-yen, i satimolan ira ko Atolan a niyaro’.
Chenggong
縮圖 Chenggong（成功鎮）