cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Burma
Takaray a sowal(概要)
I katimol misi’ayaway to Antaman-Riyar (Andaman Sea;安達曼海), i ka’etip no sakatimol misi’ayaway to Monciyala-Kihaw, o to’edaw no lilis no riyar irako 2831km, makalitosa ko sala’edam konis no polong no kitakit. O stoto i, Naypito(Awkair a tilid:Neipyiṯo; Kuwaping a sowal:奈比多), i’ayaw no 2005 miheca itiraay i satata’angay a tokai Yangkuwang(Mintin a sowal nifalican mitilid: aran-kun mrui) ko syoto.
Tatapangan no ngangan no kitakit(國家名稱之由來)
Ona ngangan no kitakit hananay tora Miyientin(緬甸) sanay i,ora「Miyien」hananay i,ono niyah pitahidang to tireng no Miyien-Finacadan, nikawrira, sano kuwaping a sowal i,o tadamaraay sanay,orahananay i,o taliyok no niyaro’ a palapalaan. Orasak,「Miyientin」hananay i, o「tada iraay a palapalan」sanay ko imi nira. Nikawrira, itini I sowal no Miyientin i,o「Miyienma」(Myañma/Myăma;緬馬) hananay ko pitahidang, ano caciyaw i,o Pama(㛧馬／跁馬ဗမာ Băma) hananay.
Yo misiiked to ko kitakit i 1948 miheca, molosifoan a sowal ko sowalno Miyien-Tin,malongangan hananay to no sifo ko ninian. Itiya sato i 1989miheca ono sofitayan a sifo no Miyien-Tin lekal sato o halo no kitakit a ngangan ko nini sato, o kalokitakit no hekal paifaloco’ sa a mifalic a pangangan, nikawrira, ira ho ko o telang ho a ngangan ko pitahidan, patinako han, o Tayko o Pama(㛧馬／跁馬) han nira a mitahidang, onini ko maalay a mitahidang to「เมียนมา Miian-maa;緬馬」.
kaitiraan (地理)
O kaitiraan no Mien-Tin Nipatatekoan Kapolongan Kitakit itiray i saka’amisan no Katimol-Sakawalian Aciya a Korapaw( Ikiris a sowal:Mainland Southeast Asiahananay; Kuwaping a sowal:東南亞大陸地區), malafiyaw ato Congko, Liyawko ato Tayko, isak’etip madado’edo ato Indo, Monciyala akitakit. Ikatimol no sak’etip misi’ayaway to Monciyala-Kihaw, ikatimol misi’ayaw to Antaman-Riyar.
O kakahad no pala ira ko 676,578㎢, itini i Katimol-Sakawalian Aciya a Korapaw o sakakahaday ko pala a kitakit. O sakatimol aca ko misi’ayaway to riyar, sahetoay mataliyokay no tokos, ika’etip o Arakan Lotolotokan(Ikiris a sowal:Arakan Mountains;Kuwaping a sowal:若開山 ano ca阿拉干山), isaka’amis o Simayala Lotolotokan (himālaya, Chomolongma;喜馬拉雅山ano ca 珠穆朗瑪峰) mahifalatay ko faco ningra, i kawali ato katimol no sakawali o takaraway a dahetal ato Tansalin Lotolotokan, isasifo’an i o hadhad.Oay isaka’amisay no Simayala Lotolotokan a Kayciyapo-Poco’ o ka’akawang nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 5881m, o sakakaay ko ’akawang i Miyen-Tin.
O kakarayan no Miyen-Tin i,o fa’edetay a kakarayan, isa’owac no ’alo modo’etay kali’oraday i kaciferangan, i laloma’ no karopaw ma’icangay.
Itini i 22 00 N, 98 00 E, noAsiya ko Burma. Polong no sekalay i 676,578 sq km “saka 40 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 653,508 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 23,070 sq km ” Polong i 56,890,418 ko tamdaw. thumb|Sakowan (Burma administrative divisions) sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 19.2%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 48.20%, malo no roma to a sera 32.60%.
siyoto(首都) O Nay Pyi Daw(奈比多)Rangoon (Yangon仰光) ko Siyoto.
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakacecay 4 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Htin Kyaw(碇喬，或譯作丁覺), patirengan a romi’ad i 2016 a miheca(年) saka 3 folad saka 30 a romi’ad.
Kasasilsil no sakowan(行政區劃)
O polong a sakowan no Miyien-Yin a kitakit i,pitoay ko Tata’akay Sakowan (Miyien-Tin a sowal:တိုင်းဒေသကြီး; Ikiris a sowal:Region)，ila’eno no nini i, misilsil han ho to pito a Finacadan-Kitakit (Miyien-Tin a sowal: ပြည်နယ်, Ikiris a spwal:State）ato cecay a Patateko’an-Kitakit a Tekedan Sakowan o Naypito.( Miyien-Tin a sowal:နေပြည်တော် ပြည်တောင်စုနယ်မြေ, Ikiris a sowal:Naypyidaw Union Territory）. O maro’ay tamdaw tona pitoay a Tata’akay Sakowan ikakaay ko Miyien-Finacadan, oroma sa i,omaro’ay tona pitoay a Finacadan-Kitakit o mamangay a finacadan ko maro’ay.
Rikisi(歷史)
Naikoran no Ikiris a micowat a mikowan i,makalitosa a mipecih o cecay i, o Fafa’eday Miyien-Tin(Miyien-Tin a sowal:အထက်မြန်မာပြည်, a-nya tha;Kuwaping a sowal:上緬甸;真緬甸) ato La’enoay Miyien-Tin(Miyien-Tin a sowal: အောက်မြန်မာပြည်,auk tha; Kuwaping a sowal:下緬甸;外緬甸). Ora kocecay a ratoh, i’ayaw ni Yiesoan to 200 a miheca, micomod ko Piyaw-Finacadan(pyū;驃人) i fafa’ed no Ilowati-’Alo, ci’icel a mikowan to lalan i kasala’ed no Congko ato Indo no malali’acaay tamdaw. thumb|sakacecay riyad a pilo'od no Ikiris to Miyien-Tin (British attack in Burma 1824) Ikor to 200 miheca, ira a tayni ko Mon-Finacadan i salawacan no Sitan-’Alo, itiya sato i 849 miheca ma’afas no Miyien-Tin Finacadan ko salawacan no Piyaw-’Alo a patireng to Pu-Kan Sakowan(pu.gam).
I 1757 miheca makowan no Mon-Finacadan Hontian Kitakit ko Katimolay Miyien-Tin, nani 1044 miheca tahira i 1287 miheca, nani Pu-Kan Sakowan misatapang ko Honti no Miyien-Finacadan a mipasipapotak a mikowan.
Itiya sato i 1890 miheca tahira i 1947 miheca, o Tan-Pang(撣邦) ato Wa-Pang(佤邦) tatootoor sa malanipa’adingan a kitakit no Ikiris, o Kocin-Pang(克欽邦) ato CinPang(欽邦) misaikedan a mikowan. Ocor han no Ikiris ko Congto no Indo(Ikiris a sowal:Governor-General of India; Kuwaping a sowal:印度總督) ko cacitodong a mikowan to Miyien-Tin.[6] Tahira to i 1937 miheca saka 4 folad saka 1 romi’ad, malaheci ko《Rokec no Indo-Sifo》, miliyas to ko Miyien-Tin to Indo sacecay sato mala Miyien-Tin honpo no Ikiris to picowat i Aciya. thumb|Than Shwe 2010-10-11 1942 miheca oya mikeridan ni Ong-San(nifalican tilid no Miyen-Tin:Aung Hcan; Kuwaping a sowal:翁山) aci Ni-Won (nifalican tilid no Miyen-Tin:Ne Win, Kuwaping a sowal:尼溫) a misiikeday a sofitay kamkamen nangra ko sofitay no Dipon, i 1943 miheca micomod a maro’ i Miyen-Tin, 1945 miheca saka 8 folad saka 1 romi’ad, milekal ko Dipon to pikai to Pisiiked-Niyahpikowan, midama a pacakat to sakacemahad no Miyen-Tin kitakit.[7] Yo kalepon sato ko Sakatosa-Lalood no Hekal patatiko ko Ikiris tayra i Miyen-Tin, o sofitay ko mikowanay, tona miheca saka 11 folad patireng to pacarcaray a sifo, ci Ong-San ko malafukusoli(副總理), caka halafin macacoli ko laloma’ nona sifo, orasak lasawad sato kona pacarcaray a sifo.[8]
1946 mihheca saka 8 folad patireng haca to sakatosa a pacarcaray sifo,ci Ong-San ko Congli(總理), nikawrira, to cila a miheca i 1947, saka 7 folad saka 19 romi’ad takawen no cima a mipatay ci Ong-San ato aenem a malatapangay no sifo a tamdaw.[9] I 1948 miheca saka 1 folad saka 4 romi’ad malaheci to no Miyen-Tin a miliyas ko Ikiris a Misiied-Niyah pikowan, milekal a patireng to Mien-Tin Nipatatekoan Kapolongan Kitakit(緬甸聯邦共和國), ci So-Roy-Tai( Sao Shwe Thaik;蘇瑞泰) ko sarakatay malacongton.
1962 miheca tahira i 1974 mihecan, afasen ni Ni-Won(尼溫) ko sakowan a ’icel no sifo, oalasawaden ningra ko tatapangan a rikec no kitakit tora kinpo hananay, oaceroren a patireng to「Mien-Tin Kapolongan Misafa’elohay a Iinkay」(Ikiris a sowal:Union Revolutionary Council (of Burma)，decdecan a tilid:URC; Kuwaping a sowal:聯邦革命委員會), milalang to sinkiw a faco, misatapang to ko sofitay a miteked a mikowan to kitakit. To ikor to i, ona 「Mien-Tin Kapolongan Misafa’elohay a Iinkay」 falicen to「Mien-Tin Nipatatekoan Siyakai Syuki Nikapolongan Citodongay to Demak no Kitakit a Iinkay」, o「Mien-Tin Kapolongan」sanay a ngangan no kitakit i,falicen to「Mien-Tin.
Siyakai Syuki Nikapolongan Kitakit」, malaheci a mipatireng to dengan cecay aca ko centang a mikowan sanay a faco no sieci, midemak to misa Mien-Tinay a Siyakai Syuki. thumb|Ten-Sen (TheinSeinASEAN) 1989 miheca saka 6 folad saka 18 romi’ad oya kakerida no sofitayan a sifo ci Tan-Roy (Than Shwe;丹瑞) falicen ningra koya Ikirisay a tilid「Burma」 to「Myanmar」.
2011 miheca saka 3 folad saka 30 romi’ad malacongtong ci Ten-Sen (Thein Sein; 登盛). 2012 miheca saka 4 folad ska 1 romi’ad ira ko pipatongal a misinkiw to kiing no Pikaikian no kitakit to 45 ko tamdaw, o nikeridan ni Ong-San-Soci (Latin a tilid:Aung San Suu Kyi) a Polong no kitakit a Lekatep no Finawlan( National League for Democracy) pakaala to 43 ko tamdaw akiing, ci Ong-San-Soci matama malakiing.
I 2015 miheca saka 11 folad saka 8 romi’ad midemak ko Mien-Tin to tata’angay a sinkiw to sarakatay to 25 a miheca ko kahalafin, pakaala ko nikeridan ni Ong-San-Soci a Polong no kitakit a Lekatep no Finawlan to kalitosa no kiing, orasaka o cefang to na Ong-San-Soci ko cacitatodong a mipatireng to sifo a matayal to demak no sifo, mapalasawad to ira ko 54 miheca ko kahalafin a pikowan no sofitay a sifo.
I 2021 miheca saka 2 folad saka 1 romi’ad, mifelih ko sofitay sifo, mapalit no sofitay ci Ong-San-Soci ato papinapina na tapang no sifo,[10] maketon ko dingwa,[11] cisowal sa ko palisyangay tilifi no kitakit masamo’ay ko kikai sa maketon ko dingwa sanay,[12] to ikor to ira to ko sowal no sofitay a sifo cecay miheca ko kafafolawan no kitakit, mapalitay to ci Ong-San-Soci to nika raraw nira i 2020 miheaan a sinkiwa sato ko sowal no sofitay a sifo.[13]
Kicai (經濟)
O liomah ko sakakaay a saka’orip no Miyen-Tin, o Lalen a ’Etan no kalotamdaw (per capita disposable income ,GNI) to cecay a mihecaan ira ko 1180 Amirika-Payso, o maomahay a tamdaw mahaop ko 60% no polong a tamdaw no kitakit, o nipalomaan a losay i, ira ko panay, moki, tefos. Oni tahepoan no kilakilangan to pala no kitakit mahaop ko 50%, sahetoay o ma’ikesay( ko’esitay) a kilang ato yumu(柚木). thumb|Yangkon a tokai (Yangon downtown at night) O misanga’ay to lalosidan ira ko miilangay to panay, masongila’ay kilang, mikarkar to kasoling simal, masanga’ to mamangay kikai,ato mikarkar to tadafakeloh.
Tahini to to aniniay a 21 sici, o ’orip no polong a tamdaw no Miyen-Tin, cowa ka samaan ko kacakat pasatatili’en ato ikor no Sakatosa-Lalood i hekal, i raremay ho. O sa’osi no mikakinkiway i,i 1936 miheca o Kapolongan a Nitayalan a 'Epoc Ilaloma' no kitakit( Gross Domestic Product:GDP ) marawisay to ko 121.97 Amirika-Payso, o Lalen a ’Etan no kalotamdaw (per capita disposable income ,GNI) i,ira ko 776 Amirika-Payso, nikawrira i 2004 miheca saka 11 dolad a sa’osi i, o Lalen a ’Etan no kalotamdaw edeng 356 Amirika-Payso, wataay ko kalowan.
2011 miheca satapang ko Miyen-Tin sifo pateli to tata’angay a payso to sapitpatireng to maamaan a parananan, pateli to 589 ok Amirika-Payso patireng to Towa Tekedan Katayalan(土瓦經濟特區) ato talolongay minato. Imitini mapapadangay ato Tayko a matayal to pinapina ademak, to ikor to i, patosok sa a misanga’ to no nanom a dingki, no simalan dafong ato misongila’ to simal.
O tamdaw ato finacadan(人口和民族) thumb|Kolon-Finacadan a fafahiyan wawa (Karen Padaung Girl Portrait) O polong a tamdaw no Miyen-Tin ira ko 5,000 ofad ko tamdaw, ilaloma’ no nini i,o Miyen-Finacadan mahaop ko 68% ko sa’osi. O roma a mamangay a finacadan ira ko San-Finacadan(9%), ora ko Koren-Finacadan (7%),Lokay-Finacadan(3.5%),Kuwaping-Finacadan (2.5%), Mon-Finacadan (2%), Kocin-Finacadan (1.5%), Koyie-Finacadan 0.75%) ato romaroma a Finacadan (4.5%), o roma sato i,ira ho ko Indo-Tamdaw ato Monkara-Tamdaw (1.25%).
Nikawrira, imatini, cowa ho ka pihaien i rikec no Myien-Tin a sifo to Kuwaping-Tamdaw, Indo-Tamdaw, Monkara-Tmdaw ato Losinya-Tamdaw, caay ka o pilalang aca to Losinya-Tmadaw, patatekoen i Monkara-Tamdaw.
O sowal(語言)
Ono sifoan a sowal i,o Miyien-Tin sowal, oninian a sowal i,o sowal no Miyien-Tin Finacadan a sowal ko nini,o kasasiromaroma a finacadan ilaloma’ no Miyien-Tin ono niyah a sowal ko sakawasowal to romi’ami’ad.
O i kasafaleday a tamdaw i, sahetoay a mafana’ay to sowal no Ikiris. Tadahalafin ko pikowan no sofitay, matiya ko kahalafin o Miyien-Tin Finacadan ko sakakaay,orasaka malalangay ko romaroma a finacadan somowal tono niyah a finacadan a sowal i pitilidan. Onini to ko sakalahedawaw sato koninian a sowal. O nano mikowanan no Tata’akay Ikiris-Hontian kitakit ko Miyien-Tin, nika awa no pitilidan sakacaay ka tenak ko sowal no Ikiris, itini i mikowanan no Ikiris a kitakit o micidekay ko Miyien-Tin a kitakit.
Pitooran (宗教)
Ira ko 89% a tamdaw no Miyien-Tin mitooray to Sangcopo-Fociyaw (sowal no Pali:Theravāda; Kuwaping a sowal:上座部佛教), nikawrira, ira ho ko 5% a tamdaw pakaso’elinay tono to’asan ho kawas.roma a pitooran ira ko Islam-Pitooran, Kristo-Pitooran, Tinsikiwa-Pitooran ato Indo-Pitooran.
Tahapinangan a tilid (文獻參考)
[1] Steinberg, David I. The Crises That Are Burma/Myanmar. Burma/Myanmar. Oxford University Press. 2013-09-26. ISBN 978-0-19-998168-7
[2] 薄文澤. 东南亚大陆地区民族的源流与历史分布变化. 東南亞研究. 2006, (06): 82–86.
[3] 李一平. 东南亚岛屿地区先于半岛地区沦为殖民地的原因. 南洋問題研究. 2000, (01): 48–54.
[4] 国家信息. 緬甸駐中國大使館. [2020-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-04）.
[5] Asian Development Bank–Myanmar Fact Sheet, Retrieved 8 July 2010 (PDF). [2012-02-07]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2018-12-26）.
[6] 陳水逢.《東南亞各國史略與現勢》. 台北: 臺灣商務印書館. 1969:252.
Nauru
Takaray Sowal (概略)
Ona Nauru Kapolongan Kitakit(諾魯共和國) o masowalay a ngangan I o Nauru,pakisowalen no Nauru I Naoero hananay(tayla I lawac no riya), pakiikilisen Nauru hananay, o telang a pangangan no Ikilis I o Pleasant Island(o lipahakay a riyaran pala).[1] Malamikowanan to no Toic I Nawodo anaca o Onawero hananay a masasiromaroma ko pangangan. thumb|Flag of Nauru Itiraay I katimol no Masahadhaday Riyar(太平洋) o cecay a riyaran pala no Mikuronisya riyaran palapalan, o polong a kakahad no sera no Nauru 21.3 km2, o samimingay I polong no kitakit. thumb|Flag of Nauru thumb|Coat of arms of Nauru  o dadahal no sera to, o ka’aloman no tamdaw to nani ikoren a misa’osi to polong a kitakit o sakatolo, caay ka hakowa ko katata’ang to Facikan(梵蒂岡) ato Monako(摩納哥) 縮圖|Nauru Island under attack by Liberator bombers of the Seventh Air Force. thumb|Location of Nauru
Burma
Tahapinangan a tilid (文獻參考)
[7] 陳水逢. 《東南亞各國史略與現勢》. 台北: 臺灣商務印書館. 1969:254.
[8] 陳水逢. 《東南亞各國史略與現勢》. 台北: 臺灣商務印書館. 1969:155-256.
Nauru
Takaray Sowal (概略)
Itini i 0 32 S, 166 55 E, noOsiniya ko Nauru. Polong no sekalay i 21 sq km “saka 240 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 21 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 0 sq km ” Polong i 9,591 ko tamdaw.
Burma
Tahapinangan a tilid (文獻參考)
[9] 陳水逢. 《東南亞各國史略與現勢》. 台北: 臺灣商務印書館. 1969:257-258.
Nauru
Takaray Sowal (概略)
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 20%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 0%, malo no roma to a sera 80%.
Burma
Tahapinangan a tilid (文獻參考)
[10] Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. DW | 01.02.2021. DW.COM. [2021-02-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-01） （中文（中國大陸））.
[11] 《財經》新媒體. 缅甸军方：实施为期一年的紧急状态. finance.sina.com.cn. 2021-02-01 [2021-02-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-09）
Nauru
Takaray Sowal (概略)
siyoto(首都) O [Yaren District(雅連) ko Siyoto.
Burma
Tahapinangan a tilid (文獻參考)
[12] MRTV. www.facebook.com. [2021-02-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-22） （中文（簡體））.
Nauru
Takaray Sowal (概略)
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakacecay 31 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Baron Waqa(巴倫·瓦卡), patirengan(擔任) a romi’ad i 2013 a miheca(年) saka 6 folad saka 11 a romi’ad.
Likisi(歷史)
I ‘ayaw no 3000 a patek miheca iraay to a tayni mafolaw ko nani Mikulonisya ato Polinisya a tamdaw.[4] Itiya ira ko 12 ko niyaro’, oya itiraay I hata(fayafay) a fo’is 12 ko pohong o todongay nona 12 niyaro’. Itiya I 18 sici ira ko nani NiwCilan a kakeridan(sincyo) no tamina manengneng nira kona palapalaan, caay ka papina ko ma’araway a tamdaw ato ‘eli a loma’, o maan koni sa caka I faloco’en ningra sa ta’elif han ningra. Itiya to I 1798miheca o kakridan no tamina no Ikilis ci Yohani･Fuying macakat tono pala panganganen ningra to Lipahakay Riyaran Pala(Pleasant Island),sa onian sato ko malalafalafang to romaroma a kitakit. O kapah no Ikilis ci Wiliyam･Halis yo macakat tona pala I mapatesek I faloco’ ningra ko kakapah no kaying no itiniay,cifafahi ta palamit sato ko aro’ ningra itini, oya sa’ayaway a congton ci Linoy･Halis o teloc ni Wiliyam･Halis. thumb|Nauruan-warrior-1880ers I ‘ayaw no cecay a so’ot miheca misatapang ko Toic a micowat tala Masahadhaday Riyar,malamikowanan no Toic. 1900miheca pakahela ko matayalay no Ikilis to linkuang(磷礦), na onian sato ko kafalic no ‘orip no Nauru a tamdaw. Ona Linkuang hananay I o malohilyo(tahi) no panay ato losay.
I sakacecay a kalaloodan no kalokitakit I ma’eco no Awco(澳洲),toikor nani 1919miheca o mipolongan a mikowan no Awco,Ikilis ato NiwCilan. I sakatosa a kalaloodan no kalokitakit I o Dipon to ko maro’ay itini, sa tata’ang ko lolood itini, ‘aloman ko mapatayay.
Malaheci to ko sakatosa a lalood no kalokitakit, yamikowan Awco,Ikilis ato NiwCilan
‘odeng o pili’etan aca ko ifaloco’ay a mikakarkar to linkuang(磷礦),caay ka pisahalatelateng to ‘orip no Nauru a tamdaw. Talipa’elal to ko faloco’ no Nauru a tamdaw,I 1968miheca milekal to Niyahpikowan, alaen to a patikol koya linkuang(磷礦)nani kamay no Awco(澳洲). 1989miheca pakokoten no Nauru I Pisawkitan no Kalokitakit(國際法院) to nika apacang a midipot to taliyok palapalan[5]. 1999miheca malakapot no Linhoko ko Nauru. thumb|linkuang(磷礦):The site of secondary mining of Phosphate rock in Nauru, 2007. Photo- Lorrie Graham (10729889683)
Palapalaan(地理)
O kaitiraan no Nauru I sa’etip no Masahadhaday Riyar, I katimol no sasifo’an kinis no cikiw to 42km, o hadahal no polong a sera i 21 km2 masa’araway ko faco. thumb|Nauru satellite o matahepo’ay no linkuang(磷礦) a sera no kitakit 60%, awaay ko ‘alo,’edeng I katimol iraay ko cecay a kaheciday a fanaw. thumb|Nani kakarayan a mikecor(Nauru satellite) Ma’asiay tato ko pikakarkar to linkuang nika makari’ang ko 80% a sera no kitakit,oya pikakarkar halo riyar a makari’ang, 40% a kina’orip no riyar maselen no sota a mapatay.[6]nika awa no ‘alo sa awa ko nanom, sanga’ hananay ko tanko I tongroh no loma’ to sapisoped to ‘orad, ano o nini aca caacaay ko mama’edeng sa misanga’ ho tolo a sapipalananom to nanom no riyar. Adihay tato ko Linkuang caay ko nananomen ko nanom to kahecid, tatiih sapicefosen to losay.
Tamdaw(人口)
I 2006miheca o tamdaw no Nauru 9,265 tamdaw. Tada ma’asiay to ko pikarkar to Linkuang, malahedaw to I mapingko ko kaysya no Linkuang a malahedaw ko katayalan, laplap hanto a papinokay ko matayalay no Kiripas ato Tufaru 1500 ko tamdadaw.
Moli
Moli (棒狀蕨藻)
Nauru
Tamdaw(人口)
O sowal no sifo I o sowal no Nauru,ira ko 96% no tamdaw ono Nauru a sowal ko sowal i loma’, I loma’ay aca ko kasomowal to Nauru, I papotal I o Ikilis ko sakasasowal. O tamdaw no Nauru 58% o Nauru,26% o nani fiyaway a riyaran pala,8% o Yoropa,8% o kaping.
Moli
O kangdaway, manga'ay makaen, no i riyaray a kakaenen.
Burma
Tahapinangan a tilid (文獻參考)
[14] 喻菲. 中国科学家确定雅鲁藏布江等四条国际河流源头. 科學網. 2011-08-22 [2011-08-23].
Nauru
O Pitooran (宗教)
O pitooran I tosa no kalitolo o Kristo, cecay no kalitolo o Tinsukyo, ira ho nani Arapiya a Pahaii Pitooran 10%, o saadihayay ko salikaka itini i polong a kitakit. O roma sato o mipaypayay 9%, 2.2% o Musulin. Pakitinien I kinpo a sarikec i mihaiay to paifaloco’ ko pitooran, nikawrira, milalangay to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ato Yihofa, oninian i sahetoay o Waylaw ko salikaka, matayalay i kaysya no Linkuang.[7]
Adiri
Adiri（阿禮部落）
Nauru
Punka(文化)
O teloc no mikalicay to tamina no Mikulonisya ato Polinisya ko tamdaw no Nauru, o to’as nangra I iraay ko kimad to pakayniay to fafahiyan kawas ci Eijebong, o Buitani
Micepet to ‘ayam no riyar.Nano to’asan tahanini mado’edo ho ko cecay a pinangan no ‘orip, samatiya hato o ikisin no niyaro’ kona micepetay to ’ayam no riyar. thumb|'Ayam no riyar:Common Noddy (Anous stolidus) -adult and chick
O kakay
O ngangan no O kakay（烏卡蓋部落）
O kakay a niyaoro’, sakacahakaw to paloma’an ko pakayniay i Fata’anay a niyaro’. o sowal są a cecay, caay ka lacodad. o Iwatan a finawlan ko ka’ayaway a tayni a maro’. to rarikor how i, matalaw a mari’angay to cangra ko Toloko a tamdaw, saka pikilim to roma a kafolawan ko nga’ayay sato cangra, saka mafolaw cangra a tayni i katimol no O kakay a niyaoro’ , tayra sato i Roy-Suy siyang saka ‘edeng cecay ci ’Okakay han a tamdaw itiya ho. ikol to i o malinah ko aro’ na Fata’an a finawlan a tayni misaopo.
Nauru
Punka(文化)
I piceleman no cidal talalawac no riyar ko fainayan,mitikokay to mipa’enoran a ka’ered,tahikeda ko ‘ayam matefad ta podpoden malokaka’enen.ci Safulo.
Burma
Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis Kasasiwasiw:Kitakit Kasasiwasiw:Burma Kasasiwasiw:Asiya
Nauru
Pihapinangan a tilid(註解)
[1]Nauru. www.oceania.stosunki.pl. [2011年12月3日]. （原始內容存檔於2009年5月4日）.[2] Nauru Department of Economic Development and Environment. 2003. First National Report To the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Retrieved 2006-05-03. 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2006-05-24.
O kakay
O ngangan no O kakay（烏卡蓋部落）
Doedoen o sowal no itiniay i ‘ayaw, sowal sa macacamol to Iwatan ato Taloko a tamdaw itini i fati’ian no Sasifo’an lotok(中央山脈), na o kakec to parawodan to kaliomahan ato pifotingan ato pi’adopan, mararid malalood ko Iwatan ato Taloko. nawha adihiay ko ’okak no tamdaw, saka o nika ’Okakay to mapangangan no Pangcah a finawlan tona sera.
O roma san i, ira haca ko paratohay. Ira ko cecay cingangan a kalas ci ’Okaysang (o Ripon a sowal)i niyaro, matiya o niyaro’ no ’Okakay i sakowan no Kalinko, tadamaan ko nipipaloma i sinasera, miliyaw a maomah a mipaloma, irikor sato, mapolong a misafaloco’ a o maan to ko rikor no niyaro’, mapolong ko finawlan a misanga’ mihalaka to pasamaaman, malalok ci ’Okaysang to sakiniyaro’ a demak. orasaka, pangangan sato ko niyaro a finawlan to ’Okakay i ikor no mapatay to ciira.
Adiri
Itiniay i Wutai(霧台) Cen no Pingtung(屏東縣) ko Adiri a niyaro’, 116 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 347 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
O kakay
O kasiikedan no niyaro’(部落特色)
’Okakay a niyaro’, o-ka-kay ko sowal no holam. pakayni i saka’orip o pala ko pinengnengan no ’Okakay, o sailoh no Kalotong a niyaro’, itiniay i saka’etip a lilis no Sawalian lotok.(海岸山脈) caay ka ’alomanay a niyaro’i ilaloma’ay no Guangfu-syang (光復鄉 sowal no holam ) no Hualien-siyen (花蓮縣 sowal no holam ), i laloma’ay no Ta-sing a niyaro no Guangfu-syang ko Okakay a niyaro. o kang-ciye ko I ’ayaway a ngangan no Ta-sing a niyaro, o kang-ciye hannay a sowal i, nano sowal no ’amis konini a ngangan, ’Okakay han no ‘amis, tada adihay ko ’okakay sanay.
Taloan no ’Okakay, masanga’ i Ming-kok 75 miheca tangasa i matini, malitemoh to niyaro’ nangra ko toloay a faliyos ato cecay a iloh. o eli’ ko fadahong no loma’ no niyar’ itiyaho. narikoran no faliyos ato iloh, matastas to niyar’ a finawlan ko matelangay a loma’ a maemin. o marad a ’okak to sapitaloan’ no niyaro’. ta ira to kasa’opoan to ano ira ko maan a dademaken no niyaro’.
Itiyaho ko ta’loan i, to laday to romi’ad, i talo’an ko caay ho mi kikongay a kapah a kamaroan ato sapidipotaw to ’orip no niyaro, i ’ayaw, o todongay to o pitilidan ato pinanaman to sifana’ ko talo’an no niyaro’, kalomanmaan misanga’ to sapi’adop a lalosidan, mikawit to safang miwikwik to fakar tapila’, minanam to radiw ato kero, mifana’ to sapingodo ato pakimadan to rayray no ’orip, maemin itini i talo’an a mireko, o kakitaan no niyaro ato mama no kapah a macacorok a palalan ato pasifana’. o roma i, mipa’odang to fafahiyan, orasaka itiya malopidipangan to ko talo’an no niyaro’ , o roma stao, ano ira ko tata’akay a demak ato pisaopoan no mi’adopay i , itini sato ko pisaopoan to tamdaw no niyaro, onini a talo’an ’edeng to o kalikodaan to kailisinan ato kasa’opoan.
O nikalopisak no O kakay (人口分佈)
Itiniay i Guangfu(光復) Cen no Hualien(花蓮) ko O kakay a niyaro’, 215 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 578 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
48% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 280 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 52% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i, 298 ko tamdaw.
Moli
thumb|Moli (棒狀蕨藻)
O kakay
O nikalopisak no O kakay (人口分佈)
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)45%, Bunun(布農族)2%, roma(其他)2%.
Moli
Ano mikaen, o nanom no riyar ko sapisasaw, caay ka nga'ay a sasawen i nanom no 'alo, mafail. Mahelek a misasaw, teli han i lidong, aka 'icangen i cidal, mafail cira. Salama han ko kakomaen manga'ay to, tatodong saan ko kahecid nira. Caay ka tatodong a safelen. Ira ko malecaday to moli, 'atekak, o matiraay ko manga'ay a matangtang.
Micelem ko tamdaw i riyar a mikilim, i 'ongco'ongcoyan a lomahad ko moli.
Tkasan
Tkasan（下蘇樂部落）
O kakay
O nikalopisak no O kakay (人口分佈)
Ira ko picodadan(大興國小、信望愛部落圖書資訊站) i niyaro’.
Adiri
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Rukai(魯凱族)93%, Paiwan(排灣族)3%, Bunun(布農族)1%, roma(其他)1%.
O kakay
O finacadan no Yincomin(所屬阿美族群)
itiniay i Guangfun-syang (光復鄉 sowal no holam ) no Hualien-siyen(花蓮縣sowal no holam) ko O kakay a niyaro’, O tatapangan a niyaro’, ira ko O kakay, Fata’an, Kiwit, mililis to tarawadaw no Siwkolang a siniyaro’, na itira i tarawadaw no Kalingko talatimol tangasa i Cilamitay, nawhani maemin paniyaro’ i lawac no Siwkolan a tarawadaw sa mapangangan to Siwkolan a ‘amis. ira ko Fata’an a niyaro’, Tafalong a niyaro’, Sadoa niyaro’, Atomo a niyaro’, Kalotong a niyaro’, Kalotong a niyaro’, Fahol a niyaro’, Laso‘ay a niyaro’ ato O kakay a niyaro, falo a niyaro’ ko pipolongan.
Adiri
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
O kakay
O pitooran no finawlan (族人信仰)
O pitooran ko finawlan no O kakay i, ira ko tosa a kinkay, o tingsikiw ato ciwlokiwkay i O kakay , o ciwlokiwkay a tamdaw ko ka adihay. mamaan ca ko deamk no sapitolon ko niyaro’. pakayni sa’opo no kinkay，malosakarikec sto sakarakat no ’orip no Yincomin, ano iraay ko adada, o pades ato ira ko tatiihay a manmaan a demakan, maemin mitahidang to kiwkay mipadang.
O tahapinangan (參考文獻)
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Tkasan
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan ko Tkasan a niyaro’, 19  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  57 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
95% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 54  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 5% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   3 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal95%.
Ira ko Kiwkay(台灣基督長老教會義興教會、真耶穌教會義盛教會) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
O tarawadaw no siwkulan
O tarawadaw no siwkulan (秀姑巒阿美)
Nai 79 miheca misatapang to pikihadoyan a tamina, 'aloman ko nanicowacowaay a tamdamdaw tayra misalama. I tini Taywan, o satata'angay pisalamaan to tamina i tira kayakay no kohkoh ko pisatapangan tangasa i Canghong a kayakay ko pitolasan. Sa'osi han ko raay Maedeng 4 ko widi tedong i Kiwi ta pahanhann,caay ka nikaw to nanom, manga'ay to a samihecaan saan a misalama.
No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan
No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan 北極點
No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan, roma a sowal No’amisan ’Apocok (ikilis: North Pole), o pipangangan to fafa’eday no cikiw palapalaan a No’amisan ’Apocok, saka’amisay kaitiraan horac no cikiw, o karomakat maliyon ko cikiw no ka’amisay ato horac a kalalitemohan. O milonokay maliyol a No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan etal o No’amisan ’Apocok liyol. I palapalaan no No’amisan ’Apocok (o No’amisan ’Apocok ahan) a pisaheci matodongay: o milonokay maliyol no cikiw ato horac no No’amisan ’Apocok masapeno (roma a peno Notimolan ’Apocok, inian ko No’amisan ’Apocok ko sowal), itini tina cikiw a No’amisan ’Apoco o ka’amis no 90°, o ka’amis to todong, o katimol to nitoro’an. Notimolan ’Apocok o notimolan ’apocok karopaw a pala, No’amisan ’Apocok no ka’amisay i laloma’ay no ki^etecay a riyar. Awaay ko sera no No’amisan ’Apocok, dengan o ki^etecay a riyar a mararid a dademakay kifetolay a so^eda, orasaka caay ka lecad matiya o Notimolan ’Apocok, mida’oc mapatireng i No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan.
Nika o Sulien ato aniniay Erose nai 1937 mihecaan patireng to mapawpaway a pikacawan, ira ko midataay to No’amisan ’Apocok. Nai 2002 mihecaan Erose mingata to No’amisan ’Apoco a pala patireng to cecay pikacawan a Barne, o sakicanglahan to mihecahecaan to dademaken. I 2000 miheca ira ko pakayniay i No’amisan ’Apocok a pikingkiw, makingkiw to kafafalifalic no romi’ad no No’amisan ’Apocok, o mamalaso’or ko so^eda no No’amisan ’Apocok, latek itira toya romi’ad i 2016 miheca[1][2] tangasa rikor no 21 sici halo mataloc. Erose 2007 miheca a Arktika 2007 a demak pakayni i He-pin-haw mico’enepay tamina malalat ko talolong no No’amisan ’Apocok riyar, 4,261 mi (13,980 inci) [3], i 1958 mihecaan no Amilika a Ingwulo haw a heneng-pakalalinikay cifar milalatay to, o talolong 4,087 mi (13,410 ft)[4][5].
Mingataay to No’amisan ’Apocok a sekal i o ka’amis no Kelinlan a Kafikepen a kanatal, kararaay to No’amisan ’Apoco 700 km(430 mi). Mingataay to No’amisan ’Apocok, ira ko maro’ay a tamdaw no Kanata a Nonate Kicikotalo pala a Alete, Mingataay to No’amisan ’Apoco 817 km(508 mi).
Tadasowal a pasetek 精確定義
Halafinay, paso’elin ko tamdaw o milonokay maliyol dadecdec no cikiw ato caay kafalic kaitiraan no No’amisan ’Apocok, tangasa i 18 sici ira ko misa’osi mafanay ci Layanghate Ola kakenaan onini a dadecdec o mamangoyangoy to amahay. Latek i 20 sici, mikingkiway to kakarayan misa’imeray to, ano nai cikiw paketingan a misa’imer to da’ocay fo’is, masapinang masiyol ko konis no cikiw. Matiniay a kasiyol latek o malinahay no ’Apocok, nikawrira o cecayay a laya’, o pinapina a lipay ato o caayay kasarikec a kasiyol. Latek 435 romi’adan ko ko kasiyol to nidadecdecan ni Ola 8 folad, anini pakaci Cintele siyol ahan. Matiniay a kasiyol papipasetek to 1 ” a patiri’, midotoc to milonokay maliyol a dadecdec pasetek i No’amisan ’Apocok caay ka tatodong.
O kamaro’an no cikiw (no wali ka’etip toris, no timol ka’amis toris ato tongroh no riyar) ato makowatay a mapaketing sera, atalimay, malanah ko pala ato macelal ato kaperax, pasifa’ed maserer ko sera, o polong no palapala awaay ko maketingay a faco. Anini, kalokitakit a cikiw to milonokay maliyol ato piarawan ato kalokitakit kakarayan misa’imeray malalikowatay malakapot misetek to kasakitakit a no sera a piarawan faco malosakanga’ay a cacekeran, mido’edo misetek to makidefetay a sapilalat tonini faco no palapala i No’amisan ’Apocok, mihapiw to milonokay maliyol a dadecdecan ko kasiyol.
’Ayaw no 1900 mihecaan
’Ayaw i 16 sici, aloman ko tadamaanay tamdaw nasa, o dadahalay riyar ko No’amisan ’Apocok, i 19 sici o sowal no tamdaw nano ki’etecay fanaw ato macelakay a ’Apocok a riyar. Orasaka nanay mata’elif i cecay miheca matama ko mapawpaway so^eda a romi’ad kinapinapina a malikid matama kodemak, milepelay to ’iso a cifar kai sa’amisan si’enaway a kanatal.
Nauru
Pihapinangan a tilid(註解)
[3] Nauru – Wyspa Miła. www.antoranz.net. [2010-02-01]. （原始內容存檔於2009-11-25）.
No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan
1900-1940 miheca
Misahinahinamay no Amilika ci Foritelike Koke sacisowal sa i 1908 miheca tangasa i No’amisan ’Apocok [7]. Ropote Pili pasowal i 1909 miheca tangasa i No’amisan ’Apocok[8], nikawrira nawhani sapilalat tomolacay, caay ka sapinang o tahiraay cangra hanima i No’amisan ’Apocok.
Nauru
Pihapinangan a tilid(註解)
[4] Nauru Department of Economic Development and Environment. 2003. First National Report To the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Retrieved 2006-05-03. 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2006-05-24.
No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan
1900-1940 miheca
Saka cecay a masapinangay, i kakak a paso’elinen a mihinamay i No’amisan ’Apocok nai 1926 miheca 5 folad 12 romi’ad, nai Nowiy a mihinamay ci Rolte Amonsen ato Amilika micokeray tamdaw ci Linken Aielswos ko midemakay, itiya o ma’eferay cifar Norge ko sakadademak[9], ma’eferay a tamina o no Nowiy sifo, nikawrira o Italiya a patolocay ci Umberto Nobile ko misafacoay ato parakatay. O rakat nai Nowiy a Sewapa kanatal milacal to No’amisan ’Apocok tangasa i Alaska, itiya aloman ko kakak fana’ay ato matayalay tamdaw, ikor i 1928 miheca parakat to ma’eferay cifar sakinatosa pa’olid to No’amisan ’Apocok, nika i pipatikoan matefad, mapatay ko malitosaay tamdaw.
Nauru
Pihapinangan a tilid(註解)
[5] ICJ Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents, Case Concerning Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia) Application: Memorial of Nauru (January, 2004) ISBN 9789210709361 (United Nations, International Court of Justice)
No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan
1940 miheca – 21 sici
Pakacifar ko tamdaw a milifet tayra i No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan a matilid, nai 20 sici misatapang, nikawrira kinapinapina milifet macenon, itiya no Sulien a mi’ariay to so^eda cifar nawhani matayo ko rakat madapong no so^eda, maleneng, pinapina romi’ad matama no parakatay to hikoki mapa’orip ko icifaray. Naikoran no saka 2 lalood alamidemak sa to heneng, adihay to ko pisanga’ to tadamaanay cifar madado’edo a tayra, milifet to sapilaheciaw to nidemaka i No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan, onini malasakalalifelifetan no Amilika ato Elose, i 1958 miheca, o Amilika pakayni i Ingwulo haw a heneng-pakalalinikay milakec to No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan, ikor Syipanhaw a heneng-pakalalinikay o sarakatay talahekal i No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan a ifar. O so’elinay pakafaleday romakat a cifar a tangasa i No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan, ono Sulien a heneng-mi’ariay to so^eda cifar milaheciay, nanoya malowiday to no tamdaw ko No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan.
Romi’ad ato dadaya 白天和黑夜
O No’amisan ’Apocok i kaciherangan i, salalad sa i fafa’ed kacacofelisan no calay no sera, o ’Apocok no romi’ad ahan, felihen i, i kasi’enawan salalad sa i la’eno no kacacofelisan no calay no sera, o Apocok no dadaya ahan. O kasadak no cidal i No’amisan ’Apocok i canglahan (i 3 falad 20 romi’ad), ikor 3 folad ko romi’ad, i kaciherangan (i 6 folad 21 romi’ad) ko satakaraway, tali’angay 23½°, ikor miteka to a patefo, katefoan i falawfawan (i 9 folad 23 romi’ad). Tona pakanengneng ko No’amisan ’Apocok to cidal i, o lilu no cidal matiya o cecay ato miladacay to saseraan a ’arawraway. ’arawraway satapang miingir to calay no sera, rara: sa a macakat, tangasa i kaciherangan i takaraway, itiya rara: sa a malikelon, ikor no kafarawfawan awaay to manengneng. ’ayaw no kasadak no cidal ato picelem to no cidal, nano fali a mapiked ko tedi no likat i sera o makakeremay a likat ahan. Makakeremay a likat i No’amisan ’Apocok i ’ayaw no kasadak no cidal ato ikor no picelem no cidal to 7 a lipay. Oni a nisowalan nawhani o kaliyol no cikiw a maselic ato mitaliyok to cidal maliyol. O kaselic no cikiw maliyol miming ko kafalic. i ’amisay a kaciherangan No’amisan ’Apocok misi’ayaw to cidal. Itiya rara: sa a misorikor to cidal, tangasa i kasi’enawan miliyas to cidal a miraay. Notimolan ’Apocok malecadayto, dengan 6 folad ko kalala’ed.
Nauru
Pihapinangan a tilid(註解)
[6] Republic of Nauru. 1999. Climate Change – Response. First National Communication – 1999 頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, United Nations
[7]  Nauru. www.oceania.stosunki.pl. [2011年12月3日]. （原始內容存檔於2009年5月4日）
[8] US Department of State. 2003. International Religious Freedom Report 2003 – Nauru 頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館 URL accessed 2 May 2005.
No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan
Romi’ad 時間
Kasaetal no cikiw, o Cinto ko miketonay to romi’ad no kasaetal ato romi’adan, nawhani o romi’ad ato kamaro’an no cidal malalenay (matiya kalahokan a cidal o satakaraway kamaro’an). Naka No’amisan ’Apocok to cecay mihaca kinacecay masadak ko cidal, kinacecay micelem ko cidal, nika polong no malocalay i No’amisan ’Apocok malalitemoh, caay kacitodong to no’ayaway a sarike. Awaay ko maketingay a maro’ay tamdaw i No’amisan ’Apocok, awaay ko maketingay a romi’ad no pala. Mihinamay manga’ay i kaicowa no etal dademak, tinako Kelinwiyce salingan a romi’ad ato kalomowadan a pala a kadademakan.
Kasafalifalic no romi’ad 氣候
Nawhani o fafa’ed no riyar i No’amisan ’Apocok, o maliyokay no riyar, caay ka matiya o Notimolan ’Apocok ko takaraway a palapala, orasaka No’amisan ’Apocok a hemhem ikaka to no Notimolan ’Apocok ko takaraw. No’amisan ’Apocok a kasi’enawan (saka 1 folad) a hemhem −43 °C (−45°F) tangasa −26 °C (−15°F). kaciherangan (saka 6 tangasa 8 folad) a hemhem malalen ko ki^etec, matilid satakaraway a hemhem 5 °C (41°F), ikaka no Notimolan ’Apocok ko takaraw no hemhem to −12.3 °C (9.9°F) [10].
Nauru
makakafit i papotal(外部連接)
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
No’amisan ’Apocok kaitiraan
Kasafalifalic no romi’ad 氣候
Notimolan ’Apocok a so^eda no riyar ira ko 2-3 mi (6 ft 7 in tangasa 9 ft 10 in ) kakifetol[11], nika o kifetol, kaingala’ kasayra, ato macelak ko rakat no nanom mafecak mido’edo to romi’ami’ad ato romi’ad a kafafalifalic[12]. O pikingkiw paini to pinapina miheca mapawpaway so^eda makakerekerem tokihepic[13], letek mapakangiro ko cikiw, nika anini mahapinang mangalef sa ko ki^etecay a kihepic, caayto patepi’ ahan mapakangiro ko No’amisan ’Apocok[14]. O pikingkiw to pinapina a mo^etep ko mihacaan i kaciherangan ko No’amisan ’Apocok o aawa to ko so^eda[15].
Malowan ko No’amisan ’Apocok a ki^etec no riyar, nika’eceng no cidal a so^eda o mamalowan, mangalef ranikay to a ciherangan ko cikiw, ranikay a masa’ariyotay ko ’Apocokay a sera, caay to kanga’ay ko kafafalifalic no romi’ad[16].
O ’a’adopen pinalengaw 動植物
O tomay no No’amisan ’Apocok awaay a mirakarak i takaraway a wiyto i peiwiy 82° a pala, sakaawaay ko kaka’enen, nika i ngata no No’amisan ’Apocok matama ko naripa’an No’amisan ’Apocok a tomay, 2006 miheca o misahinahinamay kapot pakanengneng ira ko No’amisan ’Apocok a tomay masadak i ngata no No’amisan ’Apocok to 1 in (1.6 kongli) a kaitiraan[17][18]. I No’amisan ’Apocok ira masadak ko cifolatakay a lokedaw no riyar, nai la’ed no 89°40’ N caay ka tangasa 60 kongli (37 in) ko ray manengneng ko ngarap no No’amisan ’Apocok[19][20].
Ira i No’amisan ’Apocok ato i ngata matama ko ma’eferay ’ayam itira, halo syiwu, pawsyihu ato sacewu, nika ma’eferay ’ayam mikotod to cifar ato misahinahinamay kapot, mahinamay latek caay ko no ma’eferay ’ayam a kadademakan itira[21]. I No’amisan ’Apocok a nanom mtama ko fotifoting, nika caay ka adihay[21]. O cecay a mihinamay no Erose i 2007 miheca 8 folad maepod i dahetal no No’amisan ’Apocok, sacisowal sa awaay ko ma’oripay kahirahira saan[22][23]. Nika ikor mihinamay no Erose matama ko damay i dahetal, micelem a misyasing matama ko romaroma a ’afar ato ma’oripay[24].
Manengnengay a kaoratan 常見誤解
I No’amisan ’Apocok ato Notimolan ’Apocok karopaw saheto o ’Apocok a pala, nika o No’amisan ’Apocok dengan o ka’amis no Kanata ato Erose, saheto to so^eda ki’etecay, awaay ko tadapala, nika no Notimolan ’Apocok karopaw laenoay no so^eda saheto o palapalaanko iraay.
Pienengan a tilid 參考文獻
1.Richard Black (2001-04-08). New warning on Arctic sea ice melt （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. BBC
2.David Ljunggren (2009-03-05). Arctic summer ice could vanish by 2013: expert （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Reuters
3.Russian sub plants flag at North Pole （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Reuters, Aug 2, 2007
4.Андерсон, Уильям Роберт. "Наутилус" у Северного полюса. Воениздат. 1965 [2012-01-12]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-02）.
5.Mouton, M.W. The International Regime of the Polar Regions. Hague Academy of International Law. 1968: 202 (34) [2012-01-12]. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-03）.
6.John K. Wright Geographical Review, Vol. 43, No. 3. (Jul., 1953), pp. 338–365 "The Open Polar Sea"
7.Robert Bryce Cook and Peary: the Polar Controversy Resolved Stackpole 1997; Henderson, B. (2005) True North W W Norton & Company ISBN 978-0-393-32738-0
78.1909年4月6日 人类首次徒步到达北极. [2014年11月5日]. （原始內容存檔於2016年3月4日）.
9.Tierney, John. (2009-09-07) Who Was First at the North Pole? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-04.
10."Antarctic Sun: Heat Wave" Archived 2013-06-16 at WebCite, US Antarctic Program
11.Sea Ice. Sate of the Cryosphere. NSIDC. [6 March 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2014-11-05）.
12."Arctic ice thickness drops by up to 19 per cent" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Daily Telegraph (2008-10-28).
13.Model-Based Estimates of Change. IPCC. [6 March 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2012-01-13）.
14.Jonathan Amos (2006-12-12). Arctic sea ice "faces rapid melt" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, BBC.
16.Polar Bear – Population & Distribution （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, WWF, January 2007
17.Explorers' Blog （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Greenpeace Project Thin Ice (2006-07-01).
18.Antti Halkka (February 2003). Ringed seal makes its home on the ice. suomenluonto.fi
The Arctic Fox （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Magnus Tannerfeldt
19.FARTHEST NORTH POLAR BEAR (Ursus maritimus) (PDF). [2011-02-16]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-02-03）.
20.Russia plants flag under N Pole （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, BBC News (2007-08-02).
21.（俄文） News video of the Russian descent at the North Pole （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
22."North Pole sea anemone named most northerly species" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Observer, 2 August 2009
O taykako no Yincominco i Taypak
Kasasiwasiw:Siwkulang 'Amis
Rangay
Rangay（kuwaping a sowal: 斷匯部落）
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan（桃源區） ko Rangay a niyaro’, 20  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  56 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
98% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 55  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 2% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   1 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal91%, roma7%.
Salinliw
Itiniay i Luye Cen no Taitung ko Salinliw a niyaro’, 162 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 407 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
53% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 214 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 47% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 193 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Amis16%, roma2%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Uruw
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan ko Uruw a niyaro’, 51  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 182 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
95% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 172 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 5% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  10 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal91%, Amis2%, roma2%.
Ira ko picodadan(高義國小附幼) i niyaro’.
M’utu
m’utu（馬武督部落）
Itiniay i Guanxi Cen no Hsinchu ko m’utu a niyaro’, 124 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 339 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
60% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 204 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 40% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 135 ko tamdaw.
Ira ko Kiwkay(台灣基督長老教會馬武督教會) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Sqoyaw
Sqoyaw（環山部落）
Itiniay i Heping Cen no Taichung ko Sqoyaw a niyaro’, 233 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 699 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
80% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 557 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 20% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 142 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal73%, Amis1%, Bunun1%, Paiwan1%, roma3%.
Ira ko picodadan(平等國小) i niyaro’.
Ira ko imeng(和平分局環山派出所) i niyaro’.
Raysinay
Raysinay（石壁部落）
Itiniay i Nanzhuang Cen no Miaoli ko Raysinay a niyaro’, 10  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  31 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Sqoyaw
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Raysinay
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal81%, Amis3%, Puyuma3%, roma3%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Tkijig
Tkijig（得吉利部落）
Itiniay i Xiulin Cen no Hualien ko Tkijig a niyaro’, 219 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 684 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
60% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 410 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 40% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 274 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Truku50%, Amis4%, Tayal3%, Bunun1%, Saysiyat1%, roma2%.
Ira ko picodadan(崇德國小、崇德國小附幼) i niyaro’.
Ira ko kofa(海巡署崇德安檢所、台鐵崇德站) i niyaro’.
Tungpu daigaz
Tungpu daigaz（東埔部落）
Itiniay i Xinyi Cen no Nantou ko Tungpu daigaz a niyaro’, 98  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 395 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
92% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 362 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 8% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  33 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Bunun87%, Truku1%, Amis1%, Cou1%, Paiwan2%, Seediq1%, roma1%.
Kayki no niyaro
O kayki no niyaro （部落會議）
Pitaw
Pitaw|thumb|left|100px Pitaw(Tatak)
Kayki no niyaro
O tatyalen, malorikec no ’Amis kasa’etal i, saheto o tomok ato citodong no ciwlo ko mamireko. O ata’akay to a demak patayraen to i finawlan a masasowal. Lima polo’ to ko mihecaan no tamdaw no niyaro’ o mato’asay to ko sa’osi, o tayal to sakiomah pafelien to ko tamdaw no laloma’an, toladay sato itira sato i taloan mikapot to malotatayalen no sakifinawlan a demak. O tomok ato citodongay no ciwlo ko mamisa’icel mitayal to tayal no kapolongan(團體性的).
O cacitodong to ciwlo i, itira i selal no ciwlo mipili’ to malokakeridan, o citodongay to ciwlo i o mamitomadaw to tayal no tomok, mikapot to sakowan no niyaro’, oni a tayal tangasa i tolas no ’orip, ci safaw ko malotamdaw to laday, ano adihay to ko awaay ta miceroh to tamdaw, sa’osi caay pipatodong mitongal to tamdaw.
Tatosa anca tatolo lalima ano caciyaw masasowal han no Pangcah; deng no tamdaw aca ka saopo maco han; no malinaay kasaopo i masaopo han; no ’alomanay masaopo a malalicalicay i mitengil han, onini i malecad o kayki no niyaro’ koni tatodong nira.
Sakacecay potipot, Kayki no niyaro’ o tomok, citodongay no ciwlo ato fafaed to no kapah a tamdaw ko kasakapot, tatiih mikapot ko fafahiyan.
Sakatosa kalisaotan, Itini i taloan ko kasaopan ko kayki no niyaro, roma i pakatar sa i loma’ no tomok anca itira i loma’ no citodongay no ciwlo.
Sakatolo milesafon, Doedo sa to pinangan no finacadan, ’ayaw no dadaya kalic sa i fadahoc no sefi milekal pakafana to tamdaw no finawlan. Ano lalinike a demak, o papeloay, tarokos anca paratohay a selal tayra i loma’ pakafana’, nika no niyaro a kayki saheto tayra i tongroh no fadahong a milekal pakafana’.
Sakasepat faco no kayki, Awaay ko patosokan to faco no kayji, o pikaykian ko kacipinangan. No ’Amis a ’etal o Pokpok, Nataoran a niyaro’, pasitimol ko aro’ no tomok, pangkiw no taliyok ko aro’ no finawlan misi’ayaw. “ Pakaso’elin pasitimol ko pisin no tomok, nawhan nai timolay ko kawas no Pangcah Cimatitian, itiraay ko sofoc nira, orasaka mapatay to cingra pasayra i timol ko rakat no salo’afang”, ano misatapang to ko kayki pasayra i timol ko pising misi’ayaw to salo’afang “Tato’asan, o widang ” ko tomok, mitolon misalongoc paini to sakacitaneng ato fangcalay a lekakawa, mahrek to pakafana’ to malosasowasowalen no ’alomanay a demak, maherek to milongoc to paini no ’alomanay ta pakafana’ to no tireng a nisafaloco’an, mapaini to no cifenekay to masamaanay fangcalay painian, matongal ho no citodongay no ciwlo a maainini o fangcal to.
Sakalima paini to naherekan a mikayki a demak, o tata;akay a demak caayay to kafilo no tomok ato ciwlo patalahekalen maainini, caayay pali’ayaw mitelek to masamanay a demak.