cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Guam
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
7. War Restitution Act : hearing before the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs of the Co... |National Library of Australia (felih mana’ang kapi tilid, mana’ang kalocalay). Catalogue.nla.gov.au (September 20, 1994). Retrieved June 13, 2012.
O Amilika ato Spain malalood tangasa saka 2 kalalood no hekal. (美西戰爭至第二次世界大戰)
Romakatay i nanom a hikoki nai 1921 tangasa 1930 miheca micomod i Guam, o sa’ayaway kahiceraan no romakatay i nanom a hikoki i Taypinyang[13]:13. Ledef no Amilika a hikoki parakat nai San Francisco – Manila – Hongkong a calay, Taypinyang calay no tingki a kosi (Inkilis: Commercial Pacific Cable Company) i 1903 miheca mapatireng ko tingwa, tingpo a kamaro’an[13]:15. Ka’amis a hikociw (North Field) i 1944 miheca mapatireng, o pihiratengan ci James Roy Anderson (Inkiris: James Roy Andersen) a mafalic ko ngangan to Andersen hikociw no hitay.
O kasa’etal no sofitay (主要軍事區)
3.Anderson pala no hikoki – Yiko maci
4.Apra minato – Orote litosa no pala
5.Ariri no afet riyar a hitay – sasifo’ pakatimol ’akawangay sera
O Amilika ato Spain malalood tangasa saka 2 kalalood no hekal. (美西戰爭至第二次世界大戰)
I saka 2 kalaloodan no hekal itiya, o Guam i lalood no Pearl minato itiya macalap no Dipong. Picalap no Dipong to Guam ira ko 31 a folad, mafalic ko ngangan “O Omiyasima” han[6]. Itiya, o yincumin no Guam mapalalingad, malaliyas ko laloma’an, marofo, mipatay, pasaopoen mirofo, patangic pala’a’alipan, ira ko 1,000 ko tamdaw ko nipatayan, oroma ira ko 10% kalaloodan mapatayay Guam a tamdaw, itiya o tamdaw no kanatal ira ko 20,000 tamdaw[15].
O kasasiromaroma no romi’ad (氣候)
Nai 1976 miheca Pomila faliyos (Inkiris: Typhoon Pamela (1976)) ikor a micalap, no kilang a lomaloma’ falican to no amoto ko pipatireng[25][26]. Sapiliyas mitena’ to faliyos, i 1980 miheca o fasila no dinsing nao kilang falican to amoto. Pinapina a loma’ ato kosi mapakafit ko sapitena’ to faliyos (Inkilis: typhoon shutters).
Guam (kuwaping a sowal: 關島)
I ’ayaw no saka 2 kalaloodan, o Guam ato 4 a kanatal – no Amilika a Samowa, Hawai, Wike pala ato Filipin – o no Amilika a kanatal i Taypinyang. 1941 miheca 12 folad 10 romi’ad, ikor romi’ad no Cencukang a lalood, o Guam macalap no Dipong, falican ko pangangan “Oomiyasima (おおみやじま)” hananay[6]. Micalap ko Dipong to 2 miheca iro 6 folad, oci mapatayay, mapamapacofcof maomah, ma’alip ato masamsam ko tamdaw[7][8][9]. Amilika a hitay i 1944 miheca 7 folad 21 romi’ad macefis ko Guam, toya romi’ad o pipakoniraan pihiratengan to miki’aotay kalalood[10]. Nai 1960 mihecaan, mirarakatay ato hitay no Amilika pikaliaca ko saka ira no kicay no Guam (Inkilis: Economy of Guam)tasaay sapicoker[11].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
19. "Geography of Guam". Official site of Guam, April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2014 from Archived copy. [2016-05-02]. (nano nina’angan tilid 1996-10-27).
Sofitay (軍事)
Aniniay a Guam o mapatirengay ko kamaro’an hitay no Amilika, o sowal i “o caayay kaleneng a Aircraft Carrier". 2010 miheca, pasadak ko Amilika to 126 walwalan no Amilika payso sapisanga’ misadadahal to kamaro’an no sofitay, patodong saki kaetipay no Taypinyang satadamaanay pala no sofitay, pakini toni a demak: patireng to minato no Aircraft Carrier, sapitena’ to ma’eferay timera ato kasasilinsiwan; oroma i saki kanatal a hitay o sadama to liyok, o ariri no hikoki, ariri pasimalan, ariri no patimeraan, sapitena’ to pilood no timera. O dadahal no kamaro’an sofitay no Amilika i Guam kanatal 39,000 Inmo (16,000 kongcin), o dadahal 29%.
O kasa’etal no sofitay (主要軍事區)
6.Kamaro’an kalalicay a tingnaw no riyar a hitay – Barringada maci ato Finengayan
Sici (政治)
Ikor no saka 2 kalaloodan, Amilika pikaykian no finawlan i 1950 miheca mahayda to kasacefang a rikec no Guam (Inkilis: Guam Organic Act of 1950), mapatireng no Amilikaay a sakadademak, pirikecan, mawacayay toloay salongoc a sifo, sapaini to yincumin no Guam ato ikoray masofoc a finawlan no Amilka. O tapang no Guam i ’ayaw no 20 miheca o congtong no Amilika ko miocoray, tangasa i 1970 miheca o finawlan ko mipili’ay, 4 miheca ko cecay lekad, manga’ay padoedo to kanacecay. O pikayki no mirikecay no Guam cecayay lekad, 2 miheca, ’ayaw 21 ko iing, i 1999 miheca mafalic 15 ko iing, polong no kanatal ko mipili’ay. O kasacefang no Guam ira ko Micotang ato Konghetang, milekoay to i Amilika a Micotang ato Konghetang.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
20. "Home page of the Anahatan volcano". USGS-CNMI, November 8, 2007. Retrieved November 8, 2007 from http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cnmi/ (nina’angan kapi tilid, mana’ang i kalocalay).
21.2010 Guam Summary File - Total Population. US Census Bureau. US Census Bureau. [2019-09-24]. (nano nina’angan tili i 2021-05-10).
29.Pihomongan no hitay, Guam Visitors Bureau. [2017-07-05]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2018-11-13).
Ikor no kalalood. (戰後)
Ikor no saka 2 kalalood, pakayni i 1950 miheca no Guam a kasakapot a rikec (Inkiris: Guam Organic Act of 1950) o Guam mala no Amilika a caayay kapolong a sera, mapatodong i laloma’ay no kanatal sifo a finawlan, mapafeli to no Amilika finawlan a salongc, Kuam a sifo i ’ayaw no 1968 miheca o katatelekan a sifo ko miocoray, Kuam kakeridan a pipili’ a rikec (Inkilis: Guam Elective Governor Act) ikoran o nipili’an no finawlan[17]:242. Nawhan o Kuam caay ko no Amilika a cecay kanatal, mipili’ to congtong caay ka nga’ay, o pikaykian no lomaocay awaay ko todong mitaypiw mipili’ [11]. Nikawrira manga’ay sakicefang to picoker to mamalacongtong a mipili’ [18].
O kasa’etal no sofitay (主要軍事區)
1.Pala no riyar a hitay no Amilika i Guam (Inkiris: Naval Base Guam) – Sumay
Ikor no lalood i Vietnam tangasa anini. (越戰後至今)
Antesen a hikokiciw no sofitay ti saki lalood i Vietnam, ikor mafalic to o saka 36 a kosacefang (Inkiris: 36th Wing# Pacific Air Forces) (36 WG), masa’isal to i Amilika Taypinyang hikoki hitay (PACAF) ato Amilika saka 13 hikoki cefang (13AF). 2012 miheca 9 folad, 13 AF paherek to ko demak mapapolong to tayra i hikoki hitay no Amilika i Taypinyang. Cecay miheca cecay ko kasaso’ayaw to no’amisay hitay a milalingsiw (Inkiris: Cope North) a ta’angay demak[19].
O Amilika ato Spain malalood tangasa saka 2 kalalood no hekal. (美西戰爭至第二次世界大戰)
Amilika i 1944 miheca 8 folad 10 romi’ad maala ko Guam, o hitay no Dipong to mapatayay mata’elif k 18,000 tamdaw, makatapi’an dengan 485 ko tamdaw, ci Shoichi Yokoi kakeridan i 1972 miheca 1 folad to a makatapi’, o saikoray i Guam sofitay no Dipong[16]. Itiya macalap to no Amilika ko ka’amis Marianna kanatal a mikowan.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
22. Climatological Report. National Weather Service. 2014-02-26 [2014-02-26]. (nano nina’angan tilid I 2014-03-07).
O sakaromakat (交通)
Kasaso’aliw nai Guam ato Amilika, manga’ay mikalic to no Amilika hikoki i Dipong, Korea, Congko a pakotay to pikalic, nika mipatodong to paspoto a calay tilid.
Palapalaan (地理)
Kaitiraan no Guam a pala i laed no sa’amisan 13.2˚ tangasa 13.7˚, sakawali 144.6˚ tangasa 145.0˚, o dadahal 212 pinfang ingli (549 pinfang kongli), o sata’angay saka 32 pala no Amilika, o satata’angay i Mariana a katimolay palapalaan, noroma o satata’angay no Micronesia a palapalaan, o nano Taypinyang a padiyac ato no Philippines a padiyac masasisetolay a mala’ongcoy, o Guam mingata to Mariana kasakengkeng no riyar a sera, onini a kasa’efong i saka’etip. Ka’etip katimol no Guam milifetay a mipalitaay a kakak to talolong no riyar, talolong 35,797 ingce (10,911 kongce). Satakaraway lotok o Lingtning a lotok, takaraw 1,334 ingce (407 kongce) [20].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
32. Kerrigan, Kevin. Guam Will Be The Pacific Hub for Merged Airlines. [2016-08-20]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2010-05-11）.. Pacific News Center (May 5, 2010). Retrieved October 5, 2010. "Continental Micronesia is Guam's single largest employer. About 1400 jobs here on dependent on the airline."
33. "Company Information." (Archive) United Continental Holdings (Inkilis: United Continental Holdings）. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
O Amilika ato Spain malalood tangasa saka 2 kalalood no hekal. (美西戰爭至第二次世界大戰)
Mido’edo to Versailles katatelek, kalokitakit a lakatep i 1919 miheca miketon to ka’amis Marianna kanatal patored to Dipong a mikowan. Nai ka’amis Marianna kanatal a Chamorro tamdaw mapatayra i Guam malamifalicay/hongyako ano eca malamatayalay no Dipong, kalo’adaen no Dipong ko pinengneng to Chamorro tamdaw no Guam. Ikor no kalalood, Guam ato i ka’amis Marianna kanatal a Chamorro tamdaw masasicangal, no Guam a Chamorro tamdaw ko sini’adaay ko ka’amis Marianna kanatal a Chamorro tamdaw o sasaan, o ka’amis Marianna kanatal a Chamorro tamdaw o nano mikowanan no Dipong to 30 mihecaan, o mipasayraay i Dipong.
Sofitay (軍事)
’Ayaw o Sepaniya ko micalapay to Guam, i 1898 miheca Amilika Spain a laloodan, itiya macalap to no Amilika, marepet ko sakowan to polong no Guam.
Palapalaan (地理)
Saheto o raka ko taliyok no riyar no Guam, maropayay a ’alafoh i panahalay sera i malopisopedan to nanom, ka’amisay a lawac no riyar masatono’ay, katimolay masa’apoloay tangasa i lawac no riyar[1].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
4. DEFINITIONS OF INSULAR AREA POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS.. [2007-11-14]. (nina’angan tilid, 2011-07-21). Office of Insular Affairs (Inkilis: Office of Insular Affairs). Retrieved October 31, 2008.
Sapaising a isi (醫療衛生)
I Tamuning a pihiratengan ising i Guam (Inkiris: Guam Memorial Hospital) o sifo no Guam ko citodongay[37]. O wiyyinhuy no Amilika ko patodongay to ising ato wadis ising ko milosiyangay, i Akanakaw niyaro’ (Inkiris: Agana Heights, Guam) no Amilika a riyar hitay ising ko cacitodong ato laloma’an ko matayalay midama[38]. I palaay o CareJet i fafaeday pa’oripay mamidama, patayra i Guam ato liyok no palapalaan ko adadaay tamdaw[39]. Itiya i 2016 miheca misatapang i kasapala ko no niya patirengan ising[40].
Sakalacalay no tingwa (通訊)
Imatini, o wikidtingwa maledofay to i palaoalaan no Guam, malaheci ko saki wiki ato tilifi nai calay pipatirang. ’alomanay finawlan sahetoay o wikidtingwa, i ’ayaw no 1990 miheca rarid sa a maketon, anini hakanga’ayan. O Guam nai 1997 miheca micomod i ’amisay Amilika ko fangko (no kitakit 671 mafalic to no ’amisay Amilika patongal 1 fangko 671), palasawad ato pikapot tono Amilioka ’atekak ko ’aca i kasakitakit[36].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
3. U.S. Territories. [2007-02-09]. (nina’angan tilid, 2007-02-09).." DOI Office of Insular Affairs. February 9, 2007.
O sakaromakat (交通)
Caay kaadihay ko faso no Guam, awaay ko mikalicay tamdaw, saheto ono niya ko sakaromakat.
Kicay (經濟)
O sakaira no micomoday no Guam miti’er to mirarakatay ato patodong kamaro’ no sofitay no Amilika i palaan[30]. Mihecahecaan no mirarakatay o Dipong a tamdaw ko ’alomanay, tayniay ira ko 75%, icowacowa ira ko no Dipong a tilid to kacipinangan ato pihapiw, roma to, ira ko nai Korea, Amilika, Philippines, Taywan a mirarakatay[31]. O sakimirakatay a micomoday ira ko 1590 ’ofad payso no Amilika. I 2003 miheca, awaayay ko katayalan 14% ko tamdaw no Guam, mataloc to 3.14 yok payso no Amilika[32].
Guam (kuwaping a sowal: 關島)
Monmon-Toto-Maite madadiecay ko tamdaw a kadademakan no sifo, ira ko 1,425 pinfang kongli ko tamdaw; Ilnalacan ato Omatak ko caayay kadadi’ec no tamdaw a kadademakan no sifo, 47 ko pinfang kongli ko tamdaw. Satakaraway a lotok no Guam o Kalapiyatay lotok, takaraw 406 ko laya’ (1,332 Ince).
Spain picingcingan romi’ad (西班牙殖民時期)
Ci Ferdinand Magellan midotocay to hongti no Spain mitaliyok to na hekal i, i 1521 miheca 3 folad 6 romi’ad manengneng ko Guam[12]:41–42. Nikawrira tangasa 1565 miheca 1 folad 26 romi’ad ci Miguel Lopez de Legazpi a kakeridan itiya to sakacitodong to Guam mikowan[12]:46. 1565 miheca tangasa 1815 mihecaan, o Guam ato ka’amis Mariana palapalaan o no Spain i Philippines sakawali ko pacarcaran, o Guam no Manila a mirarakatay tamina kahiceraan pacarcar, oni a tamina Acapulco tangasa Minila ko karakat a calay[12]:51. Nai 1670 miheca 7 folad 23 romi’ad tangasa 1695 miheca 7 folad o kalaloodan pahanhanay, ato 1671 miheca ato 1693 miheca malefek no faliyos, 1688 miheca ira ko katalawan a salifong, saka o Chamorro tamdaw na o 50,000 malowan to tangasa 5,000 ko tamdaw[12]:86.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
26. NOWData–NOAA Online Weather Data. Amilika kitakit no riyar ato hekalan citodongay. [2012-11-17]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2012-10-31).
Palapalaan (地理)
O pala no Guam kakaya’ 30 ingli (50 kongce); kakahad 4 tangasa 12 ingli (6 tangasa 19 kongli), o 4 no 3 no Singapore ko dadahal. Nawhani i ka’etip lawacay no Taypinyang a padiyac ato mingata to padiyac no Philippinse, noroma ira ko lonen, kalonenan ngata no Guam ira ko 5.0 tangasa 8.7. caay to lecad to no Miriana palapala a Anatahan pala ko kacimacelal, away ko macelal no Guam, nikawrira ngataay a Anatahan, ira ko pacefas no kasadak ko namal lotok a macelal a ’alafoh tayra i Guam[21].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
16. Kristof, Nicholas D. Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years. The New York Times. 1997-09-26 [2017-07-04]. (Mana’ang ko tilid 2009-02-01).
25. Winds. PacificWorlds.com. [2007-06-16]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2007-08-27).
1. Australia-Oceania :: Guam (Territory of the US). The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. [2015-08-26]. (nina’angan tilid, 2013-12-03).
Malikakaay maci (姊妹城市)
4.Taywan Taycong maci: I 2022 miheca 2 folad 23 romi’ad malakayat.
O Amilika ato Spain malalood tangasa saka 2 kalalood no hekal. (美西戰爭至第二次世界大戰)
I 1898 mihecaan a kalalood no Amilika ato S Spain a kasasicalap to Guam (Inkiris: Capture of Guam), o Spain saki Paris katatelakan, i 1898 miheca 12 folad 23 romi’ad, midotoc to aocoren kadadefongan 108-A patorod to hitay no Amilika to Guam, o Guam malakaromakatan mita’elif to sakatayra i Philippines, o ka’amis Marianna kanatal mapa’aca i Germany, ka’amis Marianna kanatal i 1919 miheca kalokitakit a lakatep miketon patorod to Dipong ko mikowanay[11]. Hitay no Amilika i 1899 miheca i Piti (Inkiris: Piti, Guam) patireng to minato, i 1901 miheca i Sumay mipatireng to minato no hitay[13]:13. Kalaloodan no Amilika ato Philippines, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apollinario Mabini i 1901 miheca mapalafel i Guam [14]:vi.
O sakaromakat (交通)
O Antonio Wangpot kasakitakit a katefoan no hikoki i Guam. Awaay ko pafesotay nai Guam ato Amilika a hikoki, pafesotay tayra i Hawaii Tangsiansan (rakat 7 ko toki). Oroma, Guam ira to romi’ami’ad masaso’aliway i ’amis Maliyana palapalan, Philippines Manila (rakat 3 ko toki) ato mirarakatay nai Dipongay (rakat 3-4 ko toki) ato Korea, roma a rakat no hikoki caay ka rarid to romi’ami’ad. O papacalay ko Taywan. Kapolongan hikoki o paparakat to nai Sanghai Potong kasakitakit hikoki a to Hongkong sakakitakit hikoki to paromi’aday a rakat, ato nai Beijing to kafalifalican romi’ad.
Kicay (經濟)
I 2008 miheca, Mikelonisiya a hikoki satata’angay a kaysya i Guam, 1,400 ko tamdaw to matayalay, mala no Amilika a saka tosa kaysya[33]; anini o cecay to kapolongan hikoki, no Cikako kapolongan mikafoay kaysya (Inkilis: United Continental Holdings) [34]. Nia kaysya patodong to kinaira no matayalay to mihecaan i 9,000 ’ofad Amilika payso.
Sofitay (軍事)
I 1944 miheca, ocoran no Amilika ko ki’emelay a tamina hitay ato karayan hitay sapilood to hitay no Dipong i Guam, itiya i kanatalay hitay no Dipong 18,000 tamdaw ko mapatayay, 1,200 tamdaw ko marofoay, mapatayay a hitay no Amilika 3,000 tamdaw, madoka’ay 7,100 tamdaw, citodong mikowan ko Amilika to Guam[29][13]:87.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
36. Welcome to the official Guam Memorial Hospital Authority Website! – Tonyt (nano kapi a tilid, mana’ang i kalocalay). Gmha.org. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
37. U.S Naval Hospital Guam (nano kapi nina’angan, mana’angan i kalocalay). United States Navy
2. Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index mana’ang kalocalay, na’angan romi’ad 2011-10-05., United Nations ESCAP, February 2009
Sici (政治)
Nai 1973 miheca, mihayda ko fanawlan pikaykian no Amilika patireng to caay singkiwen to malo kalomaocan i fanawlan pikaykian no Amilika. Malataypiaw no Guam a finawlan mikaykiay ato caay kalecad ko i 50 no kasa’etal a iing, i wiyyinhuy ko pikihatiya a pakamay, caay ka citodong to pihayda no finawlan a pikaykian, malecad no kasa’etal a wiyyin ko salongoc, halo pipalowad to pitelek, oni a taypiaw i niyaro’ no Guam mamipili’ [11].
Guam (kuwaping a sowal: 關島)
I 2015 miheca o tamdaw no Guam 161,785 aloman, o dadahal no Guam 544 kongli, kadadi’ec no tamdaw 297 pinfang kongli, o Malianna pala ko satata’angay ato sakatimolay no pala, o satataangay pala no taliyok i Mikelonisiya.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
17. Rogers, Robert F. Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1995.
Sofitay (軍事)
I 1941 miheca, maocor no Dipong ko ta’angay a sofitay milood to Guam, ira ko 500 tamdaw no kanatal mipatap’ to hitay no Dipong, nanoya macalap no Dipong.
O kasa’etal no sofitay (主要軍事區)
2.Amilika mililisay i riyar a cefang 14 ’etal, - Sumay
Guam (kuwaping a sowal: 關島)
O Camolo a tamdaw o no Guam a yincumin, nai ’ayaw no 4,000 miheca maro’ay to tina palapalaan, o Potokis misolapay ci Fitinan Maycelon ko sa’ayaway tayni i Guam a Ilopiya tamdaw, I 1521 miheca 3 folad 6 romi’ad macakat i Guam. Nai 1668 miheca micingcingan no micingcingay, tinako o Tingsokiw a tintosi Tiyako Lois Te son Wiktoris (Inkilis: Diego Luis de San Vitores), I 16 sici tangasa 18 sici itiya, o picomodan no Sepaniya Manila misasalamaay tamina. Amilika ato Sepaniya a kalaloodan itiya, i kalaloodan no Amilika ato Sepaniya itiya, Amilika i 1898 miheca 6 folad 21 romi’ad macalap ko Guam (Inkilis: Capture of Guam), sakiParis katatelek, Sepaniya i 1898 miheca 12 folad 10 romi’ad o Guam mapaisal ko Amilika. Aniniay a Guam o nano Linhoko saka 7 caayay ko niya ko mikowanan a kanatal[5].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
34. Blair, Chad ( 2008-05-30). "'Air Mike' a rare bright spot in local aviation (nano kapi nina’angan, i kalocalay mana’ang). " Pacific Business News (Inkilis: Pacific Business News).
15. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945 (mana’ang ko kapi tilid, mana’ang i kalocalay), Transaction Publishers, 2007 ISBN 978-0-7658-0352-8
O kasasiromaroma no romi’ad (氣候)
O romi’ad no Guam o nano riyar a fa’edetay, o nai waliay ko fali, falawfaw ko romi’ad, matatodong i 30˚C ko takaraw 24˚C ko laenoay, ’orad to mihecaan 2,180mm. polong no sasowalen, o kafalawfaw caay pakata’elif to 32˚C anoca 21˚C. o dadaya kasoemet ikaka to 84%, nakawrira safoladan a soemet 66%. Kakedalan 12 folad laed to mihaca 6 folad; kaoradan 7 folad tangasa 11 folad. Saka 1, 2 folad o saemelay romi’ad, dadaya a falawfaw 21-24˚C, caay ka soemet. Satakaraway a falawfaw no Kuam tangasa i 96˚F (36˚C), i 1971 miheca 4 folad 18 romi’ad, 1990 miheca 4 folad 1 romi’ad a maditekay; poeneray falawfaw 65˚F (18˚C), 1973 miheca 1 folad 8 romi’ad a maditek[23].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
31. 2004 Guam Yearbook (PDF). [2007-07-19]. (nano nina’angan (PDF) tilid i 2005-10-29).
Likisi (歷史)
Guam ato ka’amisay Malianna palapalaan a yincumin sa’ayaway ato ’ayaw 2000 miheca o waliay katimol Asiya timolay a finacadan[12]:16. Malaikoray to a Camolo tamdaw. No to’as no Camolo a lekakawa malasepatay ko selal o Tapang (chamorri), i fafa’eday selal (matua), sasifo’ay selal (achaot) ato la’enoay (mana'chang) [12]:21.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
Curry, Tom. Nominating, but not voting for president: Clinton-Obama struggle spotlights Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico. NBC sinpon. 2008-05-28 [2016-08-19]. (nano nina’angan tilid 2016-08-15).
Guam's CareJet Program Resumes Service. Air Medical Net. 2012-09-10 [2016-04-21]. (nano nina’angan i 2016-04-05).
28. Casualty List - U.S. Armed Forces - 1944. National Park Service, War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam. [2017-03-08]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2018-07-01).
Spain picingcingan romi’ad (西班牙殖民時期)
Ci Dorn Mariano Tobias i 1771 miheca 9 folad 15 romi’ad mapatireng citodongay mikowan i Guam itiya, misitapang misaomah, milongoc to pafeli no yincumin to sera, micoker pacomahad, nai Manila pacomod to Malonem ato kolong, nai Acapulco pacomod to tada lofa ato lofa, patireng to pisaparokan ato pisacilahan[12]:107–109. Paherek ko kalalood ni Napoleon, aloman ko nicalapan no Spain misiiked patireng to kitakit, o sakaira no kicay no Guam o nai Mexico palaliyoc pasayra Philippines[12]: 144. 1856 miheca malenak ko katalawan salifong, mapatay ko 3,644 tamdaw no Guam, naitiya mapacomod ko Caroline tamdaw ato Dipong tamdaw i Mariana palapalaan a maro’ [12]:157.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
35. J. N. Deak. PL-NANP-004 (PDF). North American Numbering Plan Administration. 1996-08-05 [2010-10-12]. (nano tilid (PDF) mana’ang i 2010-11-26).
Ikor no lalood i Vietnam tangasa anini. (越戰後至今)
I 1997 miheca 8 folad 6 romi’ad no Korea hikoki 801 haw matefad i Kuam, oya 747 hikoki mamatefo i masetol i Nimitz a lotok, saka i laloma’ay no hikoki 254 ko tamdaw i 228 ko mapatayay a tamdaw. I rayray a likisi no Kuam a tilid (Inkiris: National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam) nai 1974 miheca mapacomod i rayray a likisi no Amilika. I 1975 miheca mapacarcar ko 100,000 a malafelay tamdaw no Vietnam, 1996 miheca mapakamaro’ ko 6,600 a malafelay tamdaw no Kurd[13]:17.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
14.Mabini, A., 1969, The Philippine Revolution, Republic of the Philippines, Dept. of Education, National Historical Commission.
27. Climatological Information for Guam, Pacific Islands, United States. Hong Kong Observatory. [2012-11-17]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2013-01-20).
30. Visitor Arrival Statistics. Guam Visitors Bureau. [2016-08-27]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2018-07-07).
23. National Weather Service Dedicated Forecast Office in Typhoon Alley. US NOAA NWS. 2000-04-27 [2012-08-19]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2013-01-07).
Likisi a rayray no tamdaw (歷史人口)
Midotoc 2010 miheca pisaosi, yincumin Chamorro tamdaw saalomanay no finacadan i Guam, makialoma no tamdaw to 37.3%, roma finacadan o nano Philippines tamdaw (29.3%), Amilika fohecalay (7.1%) ato Chuck tamdaw (7%), roma o no Taypinyang a kanatal ato Asia tamdaw. Tingsokiw ko pakayraan, ira ko 85% tamdaw no mitooray to Tingsokiw[1]. Roma, ira ko caay kapapina o Yatayakiw (Inkiris: History of the Jews in Guam). O Inkiris ato Chamorro a sowal ko no kitakit a sowal.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
13.Rottman, G. (2004) Guam 1941 & 1944: Loss and Reconquest. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84176-811-3
24. Guam Catastrophe Model. Risk Management Solutions. [2007-06-16]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2011-02-07).
38. Sablan, Jerick. No. 5: Guam Regional Medical City opens. Pacific Daily News. 2016-01-04 [2016-04-21].
18. US, Japan, Australia to hold Cope North 2017 February 9, 2017 (nano kapi nina’angan, mana’ang i kalocalay) Guam Post Retrieved March 27, 2017.
Cape Town
Cape Town (開普敦)
Cape Town (Inkiris: Cape Town, South Africa sowal: Kaapstad [ˈkɑːpstat], Xhosa sowal: IKapa), manga’ay sowalen o Cape Point maci[6], Corner maci[7]ano eca Cape niyaro’, saka tosa ’alomanay tamdaw a maci i South Africa, o niyah pikowan a sakapot ta’akay tokay a Cape Town maci, no kaetipay Cape kanatal a tada ta’akay a maci. Cape Town o ta’akay niyaro’ a pitelekan to rikec no South Africa, orasaka kalomaocan ato adihayay kasasiromaroma no sifo citodongay ira itini. Oni a niyaro’ oci makapahay a tataparan a nengnengen ato cinganganay a minato, katengilan a ngangan a sowal to lalekoan “o pitahekaan no Kawas” a parar a lotok, no Inyoyang ato Tasiyang a a kacacofelisan no riyar a Cape point. O Cape Town tona makapah ko tataparan ato liyok no palapala a kasasowalen o samakapahay a paniyaro’an i hekal, o cecay a pirarakatan i South Africa.
Sa’ayaw noni a maci o mitaliyokay to minato ko sakacomahad, nawhani nai Netherland pasayra i Kawaliay Afroa, Into ato Asia a kalali’acaan no tamina o mamita’elif itini a miceroh to dafong, hala:fin ito mala o pipacararan no Europe tamdaw kona katimolay no Sahara Afria faniyot a niyaro itini. Ikor Europe a tamdaw patireng to cangra to saka cecay parana’an no sofitay a Castle of Good Hope (Nga’ayay pikecoran a niyaro’), ’ayaw no kaitira i Johannesburg patireng ato Transva manengneng ko adihayay tada^ekim ato mali^emiay fokeloh tiraan i, katimolay no Africa faniyot o Cape town ko sata’akay a maci. 縮圖|Minato no Cape Town|270x270像素 I South Africa ko saka tosa a katayalan a hikokiciw i o Capa town - Capa town kasakitakit hikokiciw, o pakayraan no icowacowaay mirarakatay a tayni i South Africa.
Kinaira no paraparatan (自然資源)
Roma i, itini i Cape Town a tatodong lalinik no Tasiyang manengneng ko sasimalen, parapatan a lahod to nano kinairaira no pala, orasaka misanga’ay to sasimalen o kacowatan, o kacitodongan micowat to sakacikinaira no South Africa ko Cape Town.
O roma sato, latosa a kasangoso’ no sangoso’an a pinalengaw pidipotan nai 2004 miheca o rocek no hekalan saan ko Linhoko kiwiko ponka sakapot.
Sici (政治)
縮圖|Cape Town maci kadademakan no sifo. O Cape Town o nano ta’akay tokay a niyah kowan a sa’wtal. O ci kalomaocan ira ko 210 ko lomaocay sakapot, ira ko 28 a tamdaw masakopot to cacitodong a wuyyinhuy. O sasowalen, o Cape Town o cecayay kapolongan a citongay ato cecay a kakeridan no mikowanay. Polong no niyaro’ masaliyad to 105 a ’etal, kasa’etal manga’ay misingkiw to cecay a mikapot to lomaocan. o rama no 105 tamdaw o patodong to faco no pisingkiw. Kakeridan a todong o nai lomaocay a singkiwan.
Patireng to niyaro’ (建城)
I 1679 miheca, o sa’ayaway niocoran no Netherland a congto ci Simon van der Stel tangasa i Cae Town, mikotay ci Van Riebeeck mala kakeridan no itiniay[16]. Misa’icel cingra mipaloma to pisafadiso’so’an ato pisa’epahan, onian a kinaira mapatireng ko tadamaanay tatenaan. Oroma i, misa’icel cingra misadadahal to nicingcingan sera no kalangangan ato ’a’ecocen. I 1688 miheca, sa’ayaway caayay ko no Netherland a mafolaway tayni i Cape Town, cangra i o nai France miliyangay to fa^elohay Kristokiw a mitooray (Protestant) a onto makari’angay a Huguenots mitooray. Kawaliay Into a kosi (East India company) padamso i cangraan t kamaro’an atokamaomahan a sera, cangraay ko misatadamaanay to kacowat no piso’epahan i ikor[17].
Sarakatay tahini a Europe tamdaw i 1486 mihecaan ci Dias ko mikeriday a tangasa. Ikor, o Portugal pakataminaay ci Vasco da Gama i 1497 miheca micowat to nai Europe tangasa i Asia a rakat calay fatad micafer pacarcar itini. Roma, o parar a lotok o cecay a Portugal pakataminaay ci António de Saldanha ko mipanganganay, o sasowalen “Masangoso’ay a parar (Taboa da caba)”. I ’ayaw noni, o nia lotok a nano ngangan o itiniay a Khoi finacadam tamdaw panganganay o lotok no riyar (Sea Mountain，Hoeri 'kwaggo) [12].
O Cape Town ato Europe masasiketay i 1652 mihecaan. O sinciw (kakeridan no tamina) no Netherland ci Jan van Riebeeck ato roma niocoran no Netherland kawaliay Into a kosi (East India company) matayalay a tayni, patireng to maraayay rakat i Asia a picaferan picerohan no tamina. Toloay tamina nangra i 1652 miheca 4 folad 6 romi’ad tangasa itini[13], ranikay patireng to kamaro’an, pisadatengan ato pisalosayan, onini a pisadatengan a liyok ira ho taha matini anini a kosi pahanaan (Company Gardens).
Tadamaanay tamdaw (著名人物)
Aron Klug, 1982 miheca Nobel Prize tayhi kompay.
John Maxwell Coetze, 2003 miheca Nobel Prize nanolitengan kompay.
Mark Shuttleworth, nai South Africa IT o walwalan cidafongay laloma’an i Cape Town, midakaw to TM-33 kakarayan tamina a mirarakat i kakarayan.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
Town 2007
Cape Town (開普敦)
Midotoc i 2007 mihecaan i polong no kitakit no South Africa micalap to tamdaw a tilid, i Cape Town ira ko 350 ’ofad ko tamdaw. O dadahal no pala a sera ira ko 2,499 pinfang kongli[8], patinako to roma a maci no South Africa a ikaka ko dadahal, matakal ko kasacekcek no tamdaw (1,158/pinfang kongli) [8].
Takosi (計程車)
Tasaay ko takosi i Cape Town, siiked to pakatokiay takosi ato mimingay faso (kohetingay) takosi. Masasiromaay to no roma a niyaro’, pakatokiay takosi o caayay ka nga’ay mirakarak mikilim to mihololay, mitala to patingwa ta manga’ay militemoh mamicada. Orasaka, pakatokiay takosi caay ka adihay. Oya mimingay faso takosi polong no finawlan a nipili’an sakaromakat[47].
Talacowa maedefay, nikawrira o kikay no faso ato parakatay a losid caay ka fangcal, o parakatay caay pidotoc to sakaromakat to lalan rikec. Nawhani o matayalay no South Africa to sakikapolongan a picolo’ a salongoc, matiniay a takosi maparafas ko pakalic, o sakacikatalawan ko parakat i lalan[48][49].
I ngataay to’asan (近代)
Midotoc to France ato Inkiris a kasasinga’ay katatelekan, o Cape Town i 1802 miheca patatikolen i kamay no Netherland. Nikawrira, ikor no 3 miheca o nia tosaay kitakit miliyaw malalood, o sofitay no Inkiris maocor a patayra i Cape Town. Nikawrira, toni a romi’adan malo sakacowat malamaci ko Cape Town itiya (o ngangan no Cape Town to Inkiris “Cape Town” a “Town” niyaro’ sanay), ta’akay mamangay lalan miteka maselen ko cicir no nanom, miteka macowat mapatureng ko maci.
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
UCT Radio 104.5 fm, o calay saki daykako no Cape Town
Pirarakatan (旅遊)
9.Pacacekeroh to “the Cape Town Pass” (sapipasonol i Cape Town) sapirarakat a paya, sakacaay pa’aca mikalic to karomakatan, pirarakatan a faso ato pasamo to kakomaenan mi’aca to dafong.
Onto (體育)
O satadamaanay a onto no Cape Town i o katop mali, soedaay mali ato wa’ay mali[45].
I Cape Town ira ko tatosaay nano South Africa a kalalifetan a sakapot, siiked o Santos ato i 1999 miheca nai Seven Star (pitoay fo’is) ato Cape Town Spurs (ceka) makakomoday a Ajax Cape Town kapot.
Kinaira no paraparatan (自然資源)
Masowal no hekal ko south Africa o citada^ekim ato cimali^emiay fokeloh, nikawrira o kasadakan no kinaira i ka’amisay a sa’etal i Noord-Kaap kanatal. O nililisay to riyar i kaetip Wes-Kaap kanatal no Cape Town awaay kinaira. Nikawrira, o kaliomah, pifotingan ato pisasimalan a misang’ay to lalosidan ko sakacowat no Cape Town. 縮圖|I Baodas a tafotafokan a matawatawatay howak. Sa’ayaw, nawhani o co’eco’ed no lotok no Cape Town malakaliomahan a kadofah kolosalosayan, tinako o lingko, fadiso’so, mami’, tada kacinganganan ko fadiso’so itini. O nai Netherland tamdaw misitapang maro’ itini miteka micowat to pisaepahan ko Cape Town, sakitini to fadiso’so a pipaloma mikantok ma’imeray ko kicic tadamaanay. Nanoya, itini o kahiceraan no ’a’adopen ko Cape Town, ira ko macekelay ’ayam, mawatawatay howak, riyar a waco, riyar a lokedaw, ’iso ato fafoy no riyar, mapatireng ko pidipotan to mawatawatay howak ato i Duiker Island a riyar a lokedaw.
Kadofahay ko fotifoting i Cape Town, o lilis no sa’etal masowal no hekal o kadofahay ko fotifoting saan. Katimol Tasiyang a Benguela a ki’etecay a fali mita’elif itini, o sakaadihay kaeso’ay fotifotingan. Imatini, itiniay i Tasiyang a pifotingan mapadamso ko polong no South Africa salongan 75% a nifotingan, malosakaira no itiniay Wes-Kaap kanatal 28 ’ofad ko katayalan. Itiniay adihay ko kinaira a fotingan, ira ko ’afar, setek ato dadesi.
Riyaran a lalan (海路交通)
Roma, i katimolay no mici Simon's Town a minato, o kaitiraan no riyar sofitay no South Africa.
Hacikayay lalan (高速公路)
縮圖|Hacikayay lalan i Cape Town Ira ko toloay lalowadan hacikayay lalan no Cape Town, malacalay to Cape Town ato Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, Pretoria ato Zimbabwe a N1 lalan, malacalay to Port Elizabeth, East London ato Durban N2 lalan, ato malacalay to Noord-Kaap ato Namibia N7 lalan. N1 ato N2 lalan saheto nai ka’amisay no Buitengracht Street malingad, tangasa i Central Business District sakawali malitosa ko lalan, N1 pasayra i maci a pakawali tala’amis, o N2 mitaelif to kasakitakit hikokiciw no Cape Town pasayra kawali talitimol romakat. N7 lalan pakayra i Michelle dafdaf miteka, tedac pasi’amis ko rakat, miliyas to Cape Town malalitemoh to N1, N2 lalan macacoaliw.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
Administration. [8 April 2013].
25. Climate data: Cape Town. Old.weathersa.co.za. 28 October 2003 [17 March 2011]. （nano nina’angan
26. Hottest temperature. enca.com. [6 March 2015]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-07-20）.
39. Cape Dutch Architecture （felih nina’angan, mana’angan i kalocalay），Encounter South Africa
27. Cape Town kalomaocan (PDF). Misiiked singkiw wuyyimhuy(South Africa). 2006. （nano nitilidan
tilid i 2011-03-14）.
I ngataay to’asan (近代)
Itiya, o nengneng no Inkiris to Cape Town sakidemak a mikowan o sapi’emetay nangra to Into a parana’an. Itiyaay a Netherland a sifo pakayni i kalalood a macara, tadanca to ko sakipayso, samaanen sa hayda sato to tatonekan, nikawrira mahayda cangra to kanga’ay i Cape Town mipacarcar mipasanga’ to tamina ato miceroh to dafong.
Malikakaay maci (姊妹城市)
Papotalay no kitakit
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
47. Transport mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad 2011-11-28. CapeTown.org
Mirocokan ponka no hekal (世界文化遺產)
O nano pirofoan a Robben kanatal i 1999 miheca 12 folad pala no hekalan ponka a mirocokan itilid i kiwiko kakak ponka sakapot no Linhoko. O nian o nano pirofoan to ’ayaway congtong ci Mandelaan a kanatal sata’akay mililisay to South Africa, nai 1615 miheca miteka o pirofoan ato pipalafacan to ciraraway tamdaw a pala, ’ayaw o nano pipalacidekan to midengay a fidas adada ato misakosemetay tamdaw, ato kaitiraan no riyar sofiyay. Oni pirofoan nai 1996 miheca mapaterep, i 1997 miheca 1 folad 1 romi’ad itiya mala pinengnengan no tamdamdaw[41].
Kicay (經濟)
縮圖|O 'Amis a tamdaw mirarakatay i pisafadiso'so'an a pala. Kicay no Wes-Kaap kanatal nai Cape Town tenokan, orasaka o polong no pisanga’ay to kalodafong a niyaro’, mala no kanatal kasadakan no laloma’ay dafong a minato. Nawhani to mihecaan ira ko ’alomanay masa’ofaday mirarakatay a tayni, orasaka o sakaira no kicay o nano pirarakatananay. O no Wes-Kaap kanatal a kalomaocan itiniay to nano South Africa kalomaocan kaitiraan, Cape Town mitamorongay to no kitakit a sakaira no kitakit. Cape Town to mihecaan midemak to adihayay kalomaocan, todong no lomaocan i 2003 mihecaan patireng i Cape Town to fa^elohay kasakitakit kalomaocan pinengnengan. No maci a kinaira ato nipipatireng a karanikayan a macowatan. Kasasilecad to roma a maci no South Africa, o Cape Town macakat ko picomod no mitiliday to kaucong ato sakacidafoh no pikiwiko, o sakacakat i kasakitakit ko kalalifetan ko Cape Town[29].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
48. South Africa's minibus wars: uncontrollable law-defying minibuses oust buses and trains from transit （felih nina’angan, mana’angan i kalocalay）, LookSmart
Onto (體育)
Roma, i Newlands ira ko cecay a soedaay mali a Cape Cobras i Cape Town, kapot mimali nai Wes-Kaap a soedaay mali ato Paulante soedaay mali makakomoday.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
40.《A Comparative Evaluation of Urbanism in Cape Town》，University of Cape Town Press，1977, saka 20-98 felih, ISBN 0-620-02535-2
28.Nina’angan kapi. [2005-06-09]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2005-04-11）.
Patireng to niyaro’ (建城)
Roma i, o nai parar a lotok malikelonay a tingalaway ’alo a nanom (Fresh River) mapalalan a lokiyolan to nanom malo sapipananom to nipalomaan, o nipalomaan a kinaira saka fafalifalic to no itiniay a Khoi finacadam tamdaw to siri ato kolong, itira haca i kawali katimol no parar a lotok ato Hout a kasangoso’ a kilakilangan ko pipatireng to loma’ ato tamina padamso to ma’edengay sapatorod a kilang.
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
O tatenokan no paratohay mitiya ko Cape Town, ira ko pinapina itini a paratohay a laciw. Roma, o kadademakan no paratohay kakerikeridan no South Africa itini.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
14. Cape Town History mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad 2007-06-14.，Book Cape Town
Tadamaanay tamdaw (著名人物)
Nelson Mandela, nai o marofoay i Robben kanatal to 27 mihecaan ko halafin a South Africa congtong.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
12. Cape Town region of South Africa: An Overview kalocalay nina’angan, pina’angan romi’ad
Pihapinangan (參見)
Bloemfontein
Malikakaay maci (姊妹城市)
France Nice
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
Liciw a calay halo[44]:
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
7.Tingyiho. Congko roma kitakit kalongangan no niyaro’ citing. Conghua liohongan. 1924 [2020-04-23]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-05-16） （holam-hongkong）.
Patireng to niyaro’ (建城)
Matiniay, kawaliay Into a kosi (East India company) misadefak to polong no kalali’acaan a demak, milalang to kalali’aca no tekedan. O Netherland a tamdaw mipangangan to no finacadan cangra, tinako itiniay a milafelay pakaen to ’a’adopen a finacadan o Hottentots a tamdaw a han, oya maro’ay i lilis no riyar ’etal mitokoay ko saka’orip finacadan o Strandlopers tamdaw ihan, ato mi’a’adopay ko saka’orip a finacadan i o Bushmen tamdaw (o sasowalen to maro’ay i mademetay pala a tamdaw.)
I ’ayaw no kacitilidan a ta’asan (史前)
縮圖|O pi'araw ni Bartholomew Diaz katahira i Parar lotok cuka. I 1486 mihecaan, o Portugal a pakataminaay a tamdaw ci Bartholomew Diaz sa’ayaway a rakat a tilid nira to Cape Town a niyaro’ [9]. Nikawrira i ’ayaw noni, awaay ho ko nitiliday to likisi no Cape Town. Nikawrira, karkar i han ko malafokeloh a ma’oripay a losid ato nipikingkiwan a mapahapinang i ’ayaw itini iraay to ko ma’oripay tamdaw itini tina sera[10].
Polong no nisa’osian a tamdaw (人口統計)
Sakikiwiko, fafaeday a 20 mihecaan 4.2% finawlan caay pitilid, 11.8% ko caayay pakalaheci to mimingay a pitilid, 7.1% ko misawaday to mimingay pitilidan, 38.9% ko caayay pakalaheci to kakay a pitilid, 25.4% ko milaheciay to kakaay pitilid ato 12.6% misawaday to daykako. 15 miheca tangasa 65 mihecaan a matayalay a tamdaw mihecaan a nicomoday 25.774 South Africa Rand. (1 rand falic to 0.164179 Amilaka payso).
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
Plainsman
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
41. UNESCO World Heritage Centre （felih nina’angan, mana’angan i kalocalay）, Linhoko hekal ponka nirocokan
2007-11-26.
29. City of Cape Town: Economic Statistics mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad 2007-05-20.
Pirarakatan (旅遊)
2.Cape Point, teloc litosaan no ngoso’an. 縮圖|260x260px|Patiyamay i minato no Cap Town 3.O Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, ira ko tadamaanay a hotilo, ira ko kasahirahira no patiyamay, pisanga’an to tamina atopinengnengan to foting a kali’acaan.
Patireng to niyaro’ (建城)
Nikawrira ikor a sofitay i 1784 miheca mapapihawat, o France i 1795 miheca micalap to Netherland, mala sakatalawan no Netherland kawaliay Into kosi (East India company) to paysoan. Itiya, patireng to no Netherland Batavia nipatatekoan kitakit a wawa no hongti no Netherland ci Prins van Oranje (William 5) milaliw tayra i Inkiris mikilim to sadipot. Onini a demak malo sakaira no pakayraan no Inkiris a sakanga’ay. Itiya i, caay kakimeto no sapiparatoh a sinpon, o sinpon no Europe kakaya’ay ko romi’ad ta mayakyak tangasa i Africa a faniyot. Onini sai, kakeridan no Cape Town caay kafana’ to saki Europe a demakan, o kafana’an dengan o picefis no France to sera no Netherland, orasaka alatek i kalaloodan mafalic mocirid ko no Netherland. Itiyaan, o sofitay no Inkiris mihawikid to nano nitilidan no wawa no hongti no Netherland ci Prins van Oranje (William saka 5) patorodan tilid salongoc to i Cape Town a sofitay to sapidipot. Itiya macacolicoli ko malatapangan no Cape Town o papaso’elinen cangra hakiya saan, o Inkiris talifahal sa milood to “Battle of Muizenberg” a malaheci ko picalap to Cape Town, nanoyaan mihapiw to Cape Town a mala o pakoniraan to ko minato[19].
Sici (政治)
Aniniay a kakeridan o no pakoniraay a lekatep ci Helen Belle. I ngataay i 2006 mihecaan no niyroan sifo a singkiw, o pakoniraay a lekatep ko sata’akay no Sician a kasarekad a lomaocay[27].
Riyaran a lalan (海路交通)
Nai parar hefong ira ko ta’akay minato, o picaferan no romakatay tamina no katimolay cikiw. I 2004 miheca oni a minato ira ko 3,161 micolo’ay to dafong tamina ato 920 ’ofad ton no dafong[50].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
5. Census 2001 interactive data. Statistics South Africa. [2009-10-19]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2007-08-14）.
Kicay (經濟)
I Wes-Kaap kanatal a liomahan a kinaira malisepatay a cecay (4/1), o sakipapotal a masadakay micalap to malitosaay no kitakit. O yaan to i Wes-Kaap kanatal pirarakatan o samacowatay niyaro’ i South Africa, mirarakatay calap polong no Wes-Kaap kanatal a o finawlan ko pi’arawan a sa’osi 9.8%, no laloma’an no kanatal 9.6% a finawlan padamso to katayalan. I 2002 miheca, ira ko 100 ’ofad nai roma kitakit mirarakatay tayni i Cape Town. Oni kanatal o kacitodongan no kitakit to kacowatan a tatenokan, nawhani i lilis no riyar lalinikay no Tasiyang kadofah ko simal ato parapatan a rahod[30].
Sakakaay kiwiko no Cape Town (開普敦的高等教育)
O Cape Town daykako i South Africa o satadamaana a daykako, i ’ayaw oya miliyangay to pala’eday to finacadan a tenokan. Oni pitilidan nai 1829 mihecaan mapatireng, i South Africa nikapolongan kitakit a sakacecay daykako. I pipatirengan itiya i, o ngangan no daykako o South Africa kakoyin (South African College), o sakipatenakay (palosiyangay) padamso to pikiwiko a sadama. Ato ikor to mihecaan a kacowat i, o Cape Town a daykako malasatadamaanay i hekal a akawangay pitilidan.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
38. The Western Cape wine lands. [2016-03-31]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-02-14）.
Polong no nisa’osian a tamdaw (人口統計)
Midotoc to i 2001 mihecaan South Africa polong no kitakit misaopoan to tamdaw[28] a tilid, no Cape Town polong no tamdaw 2,893,251 tamdaw, milesap i 759,767 a laloma’an, ira ko 87.4% loma cirocekay to taino’an, ira ko 94.4% loma’ cecay lipay ira ko cecay papisorot to pinafalah. Roma, ira ko 80.1% loma’ o cidingkiay, ira ko 16.1% nai saka^efo ano eca cimapatayay, o ina a cecay ko tatoka’an no loma’.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
10. Review Essay: From Cape Town to Cairo: Africans Making Cities in British Colonial Africa，Journal of Urban History
Talapapotalay sapikihatiya (戶外活動)
Litosaan no ngoso’an o adihayay lotolotokan a parapatan matodong tomakapahay fohecalay tafok no Cape Town, i Blouberg a taftafokan a pisisiran totapelik ato fayang a tamina a piontoan, to mihecaan saka 9 folad tangas aroma miheca saka 2 foladan ira ko mirarakatay tamdaw tayni misisir to tapelic. I Boulders Beach o katadamaanan no howak no South Africa. 縮圖|257x257像素|Malikakaay kami, tayni i Cape Town mirarakat. I Victoria & Alfred Waterfront a riyar, Hout hefong ato Simon niyaro’ o pirarakatan mikalic to tamina. Roma i Robben Island (pala) o pita’elifan no mirarakatay, roma a tamina tayra i Seal Island (pala) miki’araw to adihayan Waco no riyar i South Africa.
Tadamaanay ponka (文化特色)
Roma i, i St.Georges Street a Green Market Square (kangdaway a potal) o tadamaanay no ’atimela a cifa, mipa’aca to no niyaro’ay ato nai romaroma Africa faniyot kitakit tinako Zimbabwe, Kenya a pinasanga’ a lalosidan.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
1. Pollack, Martin. Achmat Ebrahim is the new city manager of Cape Town. City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality. 2006-05-31 [2007-03-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2007-04-16）.
42. South Africa Newspapers （felih nina’angan, mana’angan i kalocalay），ABYZ News Links
2. City of Cape Town. Municipal Demarcation Board. [2008-03-23].
32. Official Western Cape and Cape Town tourism guide mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad
44. Radio companies （felih nina’angan, mana’angan i kalocalay），BizCommunity.Com
Patireng to niyaro’ (建城)
Sa’ayaway manengneng ko Asia tamdaw malinah tayni i pasatimol i 1654 mihecaan, oni mafolaway saheto o mapalafacay itini Africa kasafaniyot no Neherland Dutch Batavian High Court (hoying) [14]. O nia Asia tamdaw malekapot to macengelay tamdaw no Cape (Cape Coloured) sanay a finacadan, pataynien naira ko Islam itini. O sa’ayaway misadadahal to ’a’ecocen a sera nai 1657 miheca, itiyaay a kawaliay Into a kosi (East India company) pakayra toya Liesbeeck ’alo mililisay iriyar a omah palalikelen ko satofangan a maomah, mipatongal paloma to sakaira no omah, nikawrira oyaan to miterek to kinaira a payso ko kacitodong mikowan.
Pihapinangan (參見)
Cape Town niyaro’ masatisil
No maci a nanengnengan (城市景觀)
縮圖|701x701像素|Mikecor to maci no Cape Town, nai 'arikakay lotok.
Patireng to niyaro’ (建城)
Nanoya kadadoedo no mafolaway nai papotal, tangasa i 1754 mihecaan nai papotalay tamdaw i Cape Town ira ko 5,510 tamdaw a Europe tamdaw ato 6,729 tamdaw no malafadesay[18]. Nikawrira i 1780 miheca, o Inkiris ato France miteka cangra malalood, o mikapiay a France to Netherland mikapot tina lalood, saka mipaocor ko France to cecay a sofitay tayni i Cape Town mipadang to mamisimaw[18].
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
Bellville a City Vision (ngiha no niyaro’)
Papotalay calay (外部連結)
Cape Town no sifo calay (mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad)
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
Constantiaberg a Constantiaberg Bulletin (macikayay sinpon)
Pirarakatan (旅遊)
4.Robben Island (pala), kaitiraan no Mandela marofo to 27 mihecaan a pirofoan.
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
False Bay a False Bay Echo (wadihang sinpon)
Pirarakatan (旅遊)
5.O Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens (pinalengaw).
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
43. South Africa Newspapers （felih nina’angan, mana’angan i kalocalay），Daily Earth
7-5382-4995-8
Malikakaay maci (姊妹城市)
South Africa Durban[52]
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
52. Media Release: Street Renaming mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad 2007-09-27. City of Cape Town
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
Tygerburger
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
49. Transportation in Developing Countries: Greenhouse Gas Scenarios for South Africa mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad 2007-06-21. Pew Centre
4. Community Survey 2007 interactive data. Statistics South Africa. [2009-10-19]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2012-08-05）.
Pihapinangan (參見)
Pretoria
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
15. “mirarakat to hekal patoroan 10:South Africa”, Senminhe, Liawnin kiwiko mirinaay,1998-1, ISBN
16. European Settlement （felih nina’angan, mana’angan i kalocalay），Cape Connected
11. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies kalocalay nina’angan, pina’angan romi’ad
Calay no karong pitiya (通訊媒體)
Landbou-Burger
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
45. 《Time Out: Cape Town》，Time Out Publishing, 2006, saka 127–130 felih：onto, ISBN 1-904978-12-6
Tadamaanay tamdaw (著名人物)
Allan Cormack, 1979 miheca Nobel Prize senli ato isingan kompay.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
35. Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad 2006-08-11.
Kicay (經濟)
O misanga’ay totamina a kosi ira i Cape Town ko kadademakan kosi ato pisanga’an to tamina,misanga’ to sapatayra roma kitakit. Sakiseraan ato patirengay to loma’ macowatay, nawhaniira ko alomanay tamdaw itini ma’aca to sakipa’aliwacan a lalosidan[31].
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
36. Cape Town Whale Watching mana’angan i kalocalay, pina’angan romi’ad 2006-04-22.，Afton Grove