cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kakawasan
O kaitiraan no kawas sanay ko imi no Kakawasan. Itiya ho, ira koya mipaliwalay(販售) to marad(鐵製品) a patiyaman(商店). Mi'aca(購買) ko Piwma a pasanga'(製造) to po'ot. Masamaanay ko demak i, mapatay koya tamdaw a mapatadem itira. Mafana' to ko finawlan(部落族人) nira i, looden naira kona paliwalay to marad halo niyaro'ay a tamdaw maemin. Mafolaw(搬遷) ko niyaro' to nikatapi' no Piwma. Dafongen no Piwma koya sapimarad noya patiyamay. Naikoran nona demak to pina to a mihecaan, mahadak ko namal nani sera. Deng o kawas ko mihaenay sa ko piharateng(思考) no 'Amis, mansa o kaitiraan no kawas kona pala sa to.
Nansiku
Itiniay i Shizi(獅子) Cen no Pingtung(屏東) ko Nansiku a niyaro’, 123 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 401 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Namal
Tanengnengan pitiri’an 參考資料
4.Brown KS, Marean CW, Herries AI, Jacobs Z, Tribolo C, Braun D, Roberts DL, Meyer MC, Bernatchez J.
Kakawasan
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Nansiku
97% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 390 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 3% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,  11 ko tamdaw.
Namal
Tanengnengan pitiri’an 參考資料
(2009). Fire As an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans. Science, 325: 859 862.doi:10.1126/science.1175028
Kakawit
Tahapinangan a Tilid
Namal
Tanengnengan pitiri’an 參考資料
Callaway. E. (13 August 2009)Earliest fired knives improved stone age tool kit. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） New Scientist, online
Henri
lalamod 配偶
Itini ho i Reneywa(日內瓦), masaso’araw a mafana’ to ci Henri ci Maliya Telisaan(Ikiris a sowal: Maria Teresa;kowapin a sowal:瑪麗亞德蕾莎), lalamod sato i 1981 mihaca saka tosa a folad saka 14 a romi’ad, lalimaay ko wawa nangra, sasepat ko fa’inayan cecay ko fafahiyan. Malalamod to cangra i, nai 1997 a miheca saka 6 a folad saka polo’ a romi’ad, ci Maliya Telisa o citodongay to demak no聯合國教科文組織( Ikirsi a sowal:United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization，decdec: UNESCO), misa’icel a midama’ to pakayniay tono fafahiyan, pasifanaen nira to manga’ayay a sifana’.
Namal
Tanengnengan pitiri’an 參考資料
6.An Acheulian biface assemblage from Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel: indications of African affinities The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, discovered in the early 1930s..
Henri
no papotalay a kakafitan
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Namal
Tanengnengan pitiri’an 參考資料
7.古人類也會野外燒烤？[永久失效連結], 歐亞人用火史79萬年 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） 歐洲和亞洲古人類可能早在79萬年前就已經開始使用人工火了.
8.《新發現》-盜火80萬年[永久失效連結] 2008年10月，以色列考古學家尼拉·阿爾珀森-阿菲爾(Nira Alperson-Afil)發表的論文將人類用火的歷史指針撥到了79萬年前存档副本. [2010-05-09]. （原始內容存檔於2010-01-18）.
9.Rincon, Paul. Early human fire skills revealed. BBC News. April 29, 2004 [2007-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-13）.
10.人類浩大的家族史展覽 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） 人類第一次自己生火來使用的時間大約是79萬年前，可靠證據來自以色列 Hebrew University 的蓋謝爾貝諾特雅各布（Gesher Benot Ya'aqov）.
12.First Control of Fire by Human Beings--How Early?. [2007-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2011-08-24）.
13.Stone, Linda; Paul F. Lurquin, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. Genes, Culture, And Human Evolution: A Synthesis. Blackwell Publishing. 2007: 33.
14.Stahl, Ann Brower. Hominid Dietary Selection Before Fire. Current Anthropology (University of Chicago Press). April 1984, 25 (2): 151–168. doi:10.1086/203106.
15.Viegas, Jennifer. News in Science - Homo erectus ate crunchy food - 22/11/2005. November 22, 2005 [2007-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-02）.
16.Early Human Evolution:  Homo ergaster and erectus. [2007-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-25）.
Nansiku
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Paiwan(排灣族)94%, roma(其他)2%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Namal
Tanengnengan pitiri’an 參考資料
17.William R. Leonard. Food for Thought: Into the Fire. Scientific american. [2008-02-22]. （原始內容存檔於2012-06-17）.
18.Wrangham R, Conklin-Brittain N. Cooking as a biological trait (PDF). Comp Biochem Physiol a Mol
Integr Physiol. 2003 Sep, 136 (1): 35–46 [2010-01-15]. PMID 14527628. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00020-5. （原始內容 ([失效連結] – Sep&btnG=Search Scholar search)存檔於2005-05-19）.
Kakrot
takaray a sowal (概要)
o kakorot hananay i, ira ko nipaloma'an ira ko rengaw sanay i taliyok no loma' ato palapalaan. yo itiraay i taliyok no loma' a kakorot i,o tayaling han nita a pangangan, nawhan matiya o tayaling to tosiya a nengnengen sa pangangan han to tayalin. nikawrira mamamamangay cowa ka tata'ang, malecaday toya nipalomaan a 'angrer.
Namal
Tanengnengan pitiri’an 參考資料
19.Lambert, Craig. The Way We Eat Now. Harvard Magazine. May–June 2004 [2010-01-15]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-16）.
20.Weiner, S.; Q. Xu, P. Goldberg, J. Liu, O. Bar-Yosef. Evidence for the Use of Fire at Zhoukoudian, China. Science. 1998, 281: 251–253. doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.251.
21.Eisley, Loren C. Fossil Man and Human Evolution. Yearbook of Anthropology (University of Chicago
Press). 1955: 61–78.
22.What evidence is there that Homo erectus used fire? Why did they use it?. [2007-11-12]. （原始內
容存檔於2015-07-09）.
Hery Rajaonarimampianina
Hery Rajaonarimampianina(埃里·拉喬納里馬曼皮亞尼納)
thumb|Hery Rajaonarimampianina 2014|alt=Hery Rajaonarimampianina 2014.jpg
I 1958 a miheca(年) saka 11 folad saka 6 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Hery Rajaonarimampianina, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Madagascar(馬達加斯加) anini i ci Hery Rajaonarimampianina, patirengan a romi’ad i 2014 a miheca saka 1 folad saka 25 a romi’ad.
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Finland
縮圖|Hata no Fenlan
Fenlan Kapolongan-Kitakit(芬蘭共和國;Fenla a sowal:Suomen tasavalta; Roytin a sowal:Republiken Finland）
縮圖|kaitiraan no Fenlan Matakaray sowal:O itiraay i Ka’amisan-Yoropa a kirakit, o cecay no Limayay kitakit no Ka’amisan-Yoropa. O sera no kitakit i, o tateko no i karopaway a sera ato 17 ‘ofad ira ko pito cicing a kanatal, sakilacen to 19 sakowan mahaop ko 309 niyaro’, kakahad i,ira ko 33.8 ‘ofad km². itini i Fenlan ira ko 18.8 ‘ofad ko fanaw, sa ira ko”Ipatekay fanaw a kitakit” a pacimir to makapahay a ngangan. Isaka’amis no saka’etipan madado’edo ato Roytin, I saka’amis mingata to Norway, ikawali madado’edo ato Rosiya. Isak’etipan mataliyok no Potiniya-Kihaw(波斯尼亞灣;Fenlan a sowal:Pohjanlahti；Roytin a sowal:Bottniska viken), ikatimol no saka’etipan misi’ayaw to Poroti-Riyar, katimol o Fenla-kihaw.
O tamdaw no Fenlan ira ko 550 ‘ofad, sahetoay o Fenlan finacadan. Itini i Yoropa o saka25 rayray ko ka’adihay no tamdaw. o sifoan a sowal i,o Fenlan sowal ato Roytin a sowal. nikawrira, o sowal no Roytin itiniay i lilis no riyar ato Awlan-kanatanatalan.
O Fenlan a kitakit o Comahaday-kitakit ato Rihadayay-kitakit, ira ko sakakaay ko kafangcal no ‘orip no tamtamdaw. O pisolap no Linheko to “Rihadayay ko faloco’ i Hekal” i 2018 miheca tahira i 2022 mihecaan matokitok to lima a mihecaan o sakakaay rayray ko karihaday a kitakit ko Fenlan.
Rikisi (歷史)
1917 miheca saka 12 folad saka 6 romi’ad malingato ko Nipilolol mifelih ko Rosiya(十月革命;Rosiya a sowal:Октя́брьская револю́ция), ca ka halafin milekal ko Fenlan to pisiied nani Rosiya. 縮圖|Lapolan-Lalood 1918 miheca ira ko lalood ilaloma' nona kitakit.i Sakatosa-Lalood malalooda haca ato Solin, o 1939-1940 miheaan a Kasi'enawan-Lalood ato 1941-1944 matokitok kona laloos, oninian i, o mikapotay to Solin ko Fenlan milood to Toic, 1941 miheca saka 6 folad saka25 romi'ad, Naci-Toic mi'eco a milood to Solin,micomod to ko sofitay no Toic i Solin mikihamon ko sofitay no Fenlan milood to Solin,mapasadak ko 47 'ofad ko sofitay mi'eco to Solin, mapalolol koya ma'afasay no Solin a sera i Kasi'enawan-Lalood, sa patireng sa to ”Tata’akay-Fenalan”, mico’eco haca ko sofitay no Fenlan i Sakawaliay-Kalilina(Finnish invasion of East Karelia), saka9 folad ma’eco haca no Fenlan ko Awnika-fanaw. Hatiniay ko pidama no Fenlan to Naci-Toic a milood o malakapotay to ato Toic sanay to ko pinengengen no Tokodan-Kitakit(軸心國; Ikiris a sowal:Axis power; Toic a sowal:Die Achsenmächte), caay ka picomod i “Toloay-Kitakit Lekapep a Kakaketonan”(德意日三國同盟條約; Ikiris a sowal:Tripartite Pact；Toic a sowal:Dreimächtepakt；Italiya a sowal:Patto tripartito；Dipon a sowal:日独伊三国間条約), o Ikiris lekal sato to milood to Fenlan i 1941 miheca saka 12 folad saka 6 romi’ad.
1944 miheca saka 6 folad micowat ko Solin to Fenlan, itira i Wipao-Pitorocawoceko(維堡-彼得羅札沃茨克)malowid ko Fenlan,toyanan malowid no Sofitay no Solin ko Toic i Aysaniya,toya saka 9 folad matatilid to “Sapisawad a malalood a Mosko Kakaketonan”, sawadaen no Solin koya nano Fenlan a Kariliya-Tata’eman(卡累利阿地峽; Rosiya a sowal:Карельский перешеек; Fenla a sowal:Karjalankannas),Latociakaliliya ,Picinka-Etal(佩琴加區; Rosiya a sowal:Пе́ченгский райо́н; Fenla a sowal:Petsamo) ato Sala(薩拉;Fenlan a sowal:：Salla). Ira ko pipacici no Nisakapotay-Kitakit(Allies of World War II) ato Solin ko Fenlan sa milood to Tpic i Lapolan-Lalood(拉普蘭戰爭;Ikiris a sowal:Lapland War; Fenla a sowal:Lapin sota), tona lalood malaplap no Fenlan ko sofitay no Toic nani sa’amisan no Fenlan a Lapolan-Etal.
I 1947 miheca ato 1948 miheca ira ko pinapina a katatilid no Solin ato Fenlan, mirikec to salongoc ato hatayal no Fenlan sakisolin, o Fenlan sato i, mido’edo to ninian a kakaketonan mihayi to kamaro’ no sofitay no Solin i sakawaliay a sera. Lacemcem to ko Roytin ato Awtili to ka’ecoan no Solin alamilekallekal sato ”Caay-Pisahakinih Kitakit”. Orasaka, mina’ay mikapot to ” Saka’amisay Tata'angay Sa'etipay Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep” (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO) to ato ”Fasa-Kakaketonan Lekatep” (華沙公約組織;Организация Варшавского Договора) to.
1991 miheca, matekop ko Solin(蘇聯解體; Rosiya a sowal:Распад СССР), laheci sato ko kapisiiked no Fenlan,i 1995 miheca mikapot Yoropa-Lekatep. I 2022 miheca saka 5 folad saka 18 romi'ad mipasingsi to sapikapotaw to ” Saka’amisay Tata'angay Sa'etipay Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep”.
Kaitiraan(地理)
縮圖 O kakahad no sera no Fenlan ira ko 228,000km², o sakafalo ko tata’ang i Yoropa, nani ’amis tahira i katimol ira ko 1,157 km ko kato’edaw no sera, nani kawali tahira i ka’etip ira ko 542km. sa ira ko”patekay-kanatal a kitakit” ano ca ” patekay-fanaw a kitakit” a pacimir to makapahay a ngangan. Ano songila’en a misa’osi polong no Fenla kitakit ira ko 188,000 ko fanaw ato 179,000 ko kanatal. O pala no Fenlan i, sahetoay masadafdafay,o Lapolan-etal itiraay i kalal’edan no Fenlan ato Norway, o Hartiya-pocok itiraay i Norway, nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 1,365 laya’, o pasitiraay i Fenlan nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 1,328 laya’ o sakakaay a takalaway no Fenlan. o sato’edaway ’alo o Kaymi-’Alo, ira ko 550 km.
Caay ko fanaw aca ko adihayay, o matahepoay no kilakilangan a sera mahaop ko 69%, nikawrira, o liomah i, cowa ka adihay, dengan 8%. o masa’opoay a kanatal itiraay i la’ed no karopaw no Fenlan ato Awlan-kanatanatalan a Kanatalan-Riyar.(群島海;Fenlan a sowal:Saaristomeri; Roytin a sowal:Skärgårdshavet).
O saka’aisay-rafa’efaay ko kakarayan no Fenlan, si’enaway to kasi’enawan, latek i,caay ka firo no tamdaw ko kasi’enaw no romi’ad, ikacifelangan sa’emelay ko kakarayan.
O kaitiraan no Fenlan itiraay i kalala’edan no 60° N ato 70° N, ira ko cecay no kalisepat itirray i Ska’amisan-Poco’ no cikiw, o saka’amisay a pala i kacifrangan ira ko 73 romi’ad cowa ka picelem ko cidal, i kasi’enawan ira ko 51 romi’ad cowa ka sadak ko cidal.
Sakipili’etan(經濟)
O sakakaay misanga’ay to dafong, paitemekay ko pili’etan a kitakit ko Fenlan, o lalen a ni’etanan no kalotamdaw tada i kakaay no lalen no Yoropa, matatoktokay ato fiyaw a kitakit Roytin. O sakakaay a tayal o misangaay to dafong, o kilang,’eki’ekiman, misanga’ to loma’ ato lalan, o tinwa ato calayay a tayal.o cinganganay a calayay dafong o Nokiya, orasak malita’ang to ka’aloman no kakafitifit i calay ato iraay ko kapalay-tingwa.
Kinulane
Kinulane（吉露部落）
Finland
Sakipili’etan(經濟)
O sakakaay a demak ko kali’aca to dafong i roma a kitakit, o ’etan no cecay no kalitolo no GDP o nipasadakan i roma a kitakit to dafong a paliwal, o kilang ato mamang a tadafokeloh aca ko patahtahan, o i sapasanga’ a dafong, saparakat to kikay a simal ato saparing a dafong no kikay sahetoay o mi’acaan nani roma a kitakit. 縮圖|Sami-tamdaw(1990 miheca) Orasaka, ko’esit ko pikafit no Fenlan ato roma a kitakit to saka’orip, o mitayalan a maamaan ira ko cecay no kalitolo o nipasadakan a paliwal. O kali’acaan ato Yoropa-Lekatep mahaop ko 60%. O kali’acaan a kitakit ira ko Toic,Rosiya, Roytin, Ikiris, Amirika, Holan ato Congko. O rikec no kali’aca o Yoropa-Lekatep ko misana’ay a miketon, itini i Yoropa-Lekatep edeng o losay no liomah ko no niyah a tayal, oroma sa i, paitemek sanay ko kali’aca no tamtamdaw. I 1999 miheca mikapot to Yoropa-Payso a Faco, anini edengan o Fenlan ko miraoyay to Yoropa-Payso i Ka’amisay-Yoropa.
Kinulane
Itiniay i Wutai(霧台) Cen no Pingtung(屏東) ko Kinulane a niyaro’, 53  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 209 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Finland
Tamdaw(人口)
I 2017 mihecaan a pisa’osi no Fenlan, o polong a tamdaw no Fenlan ira ko 552’ofad. itini i Fenlan ira ko tosa a kalosowal no sifo, o Fenlan-Sowal, mahaop ko 88.3% ko tamdaw, ato Roytin-Sowal, mahaop ko 5.3% ko tamdaw. O mamangay a sowal i, ira ko Sami-tamdaw, Rosiya-tamdaw, Yotaya-tamdaw ato Tatan-finacadan. 縮圖|Patiyamay no Tatan-tamdaw i Hersinci Itiya ho i Kasi’enawan-Lalood ira ko 12% a tamdaw milongoc to kamaro’an. Yo malaheci sato ko lalood ira ko kaletengay a demak to sapatefoc to lalood, mikilim to katayalan no awaay ko tayal, ato i’ayaw no pisiiked no Fenlan tadamanikaw ko kitakit, orasaka, ’aloman ko mafolaway a tamdaw i 1970 mihecaan. Tahira sato i 1990 mihecaan rahoday to ko ’orip, mahaneknek to ko sieci, ahihay ko saparihaday no sifo to tamdaw, oria to ko saka patatikor a minokay kaya mafolaway, ato ira ho ko fa’elohay a mafoloaway a tayni.
Kinulane
96% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 201 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 4% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,   8 ko tamdaw.
Bubun
bubun（翠巒部落）
Kinulane
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Rukai(魯凱族)93%, Paiwan(排灣族)3%.
Bubun
Itiniay i Ren’ai Cen no Nantou ko bubun a niyaro’, 191 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 499 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Finland
Sowal(語言)
O kalosowal no sifoan o Fenlan-sowal ato Roytin-sowal, nikawrira, i ’edef no kitakit o sakakaay ko sowal no Fenlan,o sowal no Roytin itiraay i saka’etipan, i sakatimoan a lilis no riyar ato Awla-Niyah Pikowan a etal. Mahaop ko 88.3% no tamdaw o Fenlan-sowal ko kalosowal to romi’ami’ad, o cecay a capa’ no Olar-Sowal a rayray ko sowal no Fenlan. O mingataay a sowal i, o Kaliliya a sowal ato Aysaniya sowal, ano kadkaden ko iraayay a kakafitan ira ko Sami a sowal ato Siyongyali a sowal.ira ko 5.3% a tamdaw o Roytin sowal ko kalasowal. o saka’amisay-Yoropa a sowal ato Kaliliya a sowal ira ko pipasiiked no sifo misapatenak.
Bubun
81% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 403 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 19% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  96 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal76%, Seediq1%, Bunun1%, Amis2%, Hla’alua1%.
Ira ko picodadan(翠巒國小) i niyaro’.
Ira ko imeng(仁愛分局翠巒派出所) i niyaro’.
Ira ko paisingan(翠巒醫療中心) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Finland
Sowal(語言)
I saka’amisan no Fenlan ira ko pinapina a niyaro’ o sowal no Sami-tamdaw ko kalosowal no sifo, latek ira ko 7,000 a Sami-tamdaw o nihayian no sifo to yincumin.cecay no kalisepat no Sami-tamdaw o cecay no kasasiromaroma a Sami-sowal ko kalosowal. Itini i Fenlan a Sami-sowal ira ko Ka’amisay-Sami sowal, Yinali-Sami sowal ato Skorto-Sami a sowal.
Itini i Fenlan ira ko 5000~6000 a tamdaw o Romo-sowal ko kalosowal, ona Romo-sowal o nihayian no Tatapangan-Rikec no Fenlan.
O mamangay a finacadan(Sami-tamdaw ato Romo-tamdaw) mapa’ading i Tatapangan-Rikec no Fenlan. ona mamangay a finacadan o somowalay to Rosiya(1.4%) ko sa’alomanay, Aysaniya-sowal (0.9%), Arapiya-sowal(0.4%) Somaliya-sowal(0.3%) ato Ikiris-sowal(0.3%). O mitiliday a ka’emangay to saka 3 mihecaan ato saka 5 mihecaan (9 ko mihecaan tahira i 11 mihecaan) mipaci’ecian a papinanam to Ikiris-sowal. O sowal no Toic, Fransu ato Rosiya nani saka 8 mihecaan (14 ko mihecaan) o sakatosa a hatatanamen a sowal.
Pitooran(宗教)
縮圖|Rote-kasafelaw a kyokai(Turku Cathedral) O mipa’adingay to paifaloco’ay a mitoor to pitooran ko Fenlan a kitakit, paitemek sa ko tamtamdaw a mitoor to kasasiromaroma a pitooran, cowa ka pilalang ko sifo. Ano ca to kahapinang ko piri’ang to rikec no kitakit ato mideamk to katalawan a tayal, pakaso’elin to miri’angay to tamdaw a pitooran, cowa ka pilalang ko sifo.
O misakristoay a pitooran i saka 12 sici iraay to a matenak tayni i Fenlan, nikawrira, i saka 19sici itini i maomahay a niyaro’ matanakay ho ko to’asan a cikawasay pitooran. 2019 miheca mahaop ko 68.6% a tamdaw o mitooray to Rote-Kasafelaw(路德宗；Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko). ona Rote-Kasafelaw malowanay to 1% to cecaay a mihecaan. O sakatosa a skakaay a pitooran o Sakawaliay So’elinay Kyokai(芬蘭正教會; Fenla a sowal:Suomen ortodoksinen kirkko; Roytin a sowal:Ortodoxa kyrkan i Finland), o motooray a tamdaw ira ko 1.1% no Fenlan. misiikedan a mipatosek ko kaira no Rote-Kasafelaw itini i Tatapangan-Rikec no kitakit, nikawrira,o Sakawaliay So’elinay Kyokai mipatekedan a misanga’ ko rikec to sapipa’ading. orasaka,ona tosaay a pitooran matiyaay to no kitakita a pitooran ko tiring, ano hatiratiraay mapa’adingay no rikec ko roma a pitooran to paitemek a mitoor ko tamtamdaw. o cowa ka pitoor to pitooran a tamdaw nornor sanay a matongal to mihecahecan. Tahira I 2018 miheca o caay ka pitoor to pitooran a tamdaw mahaopay to 27.4%. oninian a sa’osi latek ira ko caay ka fana’ to pipatenak no pitooran. Roma sato, latek ira ko 47,000 tamdaw no Fenlan, onini mahaop ko 1% tamdaw no Fenlan mitokiay i Fa’elohay-Misakristoay(五旬節運動; Pentecostalism), ona pitooran misasiromaay ko pisa’icel a somowal tono winaan sowal.ono wina a sowal ko pidipot no Seilie sanay, matiyaay o “Liongkay”.
O roma a pitooran ira ko roma a kasafelaw no Fa’elohay-Misakristoay, mitooran to Roma-Tinsikiw, Muslim ato Yotaya a pitooran.
Pacefaday a tilid(註腳)
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Kinulane
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Qus
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan ko Qus a niyaro’, 14  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  47 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
85% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 40  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 15% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   7 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal79%, Amis4%, Paiwan2%.
Qus（庫志部落）
Itiniay i Fuxing Cen no Taoyuan ko Qus a niyaro’, 75  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 168 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
87% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 146 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 13% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  22 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal81%, Amis2%, roma4%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
R’uyan
R’uyan（白蘭部落）
Itiniay i Wufeng Cen no Hsinchu ko R’uyan a niyaro’, 92  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 237 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
89% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 212 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 11% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  25 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal82%, Amis4%, Bunun2%, Saysiyat1%.
Ira ko picodadan(桃山國小、桃山國小附幼) i niyaro’.
Ira ko imeng(竹東分局清泉派出所) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Donald John Trump
Donald John Trump(唐納．約翰．川普)
Payljus
Payljus（白鷺部落）
Donald John Trump
thumb|Official Portrait of President Donald Trump (2017)|alt=Donald Trump official portrait.jpg
Payljus
Itiniay i Laiyi(來義) Cen no Pingtung(屏東) ko Payljus a niyaro’, 217 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 664 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Donald John Trump
I 1946 a miheca(年) saka 6 folad saka 14 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Donald John Trump, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Puerto rico（波多黎各）, United states（美國） anini i ci Donald John Trump, patirengan a romi’ad i 2017 a miheca saka 1 folad saka 20 a romi’ad. Pimmanaw ni Obama iti opisinana idi Enero 20, 2021.
Payljus
97% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 644 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 3% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,  20 ko tamdaw.
Donald John Trump
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Payljus
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Paiwan(排灣族)95%, Amis(阿美族)1%, roma(其他)2%.
Ira ko picodadan(來義國小林分班) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Himoti
Himoti（電光部落）
Itiniay i Guanshan(關山) Cen no Taitung(台東) ko Himoti a niyaro’, 230 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 635 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
66% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 421 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 34% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 214 ko tamdaw.
El salvador
El salvador（薩爾瓦多）
Himoti
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)63%, Puyuma(卑南族)2%, roma(其他)2%.
El salvador
Itini i 13 50 N, 88 55 W, noNotimolan Amilika ko El salvador. Polong no sekalay i 21,041 sq km “saka 153 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 20,721 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 320 sq km ” Polong i 6,156,670 ko tamdaw.
Donghe
Makapahay a niyaro' ko Fafokod, ano pasi'amis ko rakat no tosiya i, mika'reto ko tamdamdaw a mi'aca to manto
El salvador
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 74.7%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 13.60%, malo no roma to a sera 11.70%.
Himoti
Ira ko picodadan(電光國小、電光國小附幼) i niyaro’.
Donghe
Donghe（東河鄉）
El salvador
siyoto(首都) O [San Salvador(聖薩爾瓦多) ko Siyoto.
Donghe
Itini i Taitung(台東縣) ko Donghe Siyang. sa’osi han ko po:long no palaan i, ira ko 215.12 km² (lalotolotokan a plalan no sa’osi i ira ko 111.01 km², o palaan noto’as i'a:yaw i ira ko 0 km²), 8,802 ko tamdaw i Donghe Siyang, 3,787 ko parod no loma’, itini i niyaro’ a Yincomin(原住民) sa’osi han ira ko 4,584 a tamdaw, pakaala to 52%(Amis阿美族) no polong no tamdaw. Itini i niyaro’ a finawlan, o Payrang ko sa’alomanay.
Himoti
Ira ko imeng(關山分局電光派出所) i niyaro’.
El salvador
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakasiwa 15 a romi’ad.
Donghe
O kasaniyarona
7 ko cun, 10 ko niyaro’ i Donghe Siyang. Sena'（順那部落）, Asiroay（阿奚露艾部落）, Howak（乎哇固部落）, Pa'anifong（巴阿尼豐部落）, Kalifangar（佳尼發納部落）, ‘Etolan（阿度蘭部落）, Alapawan（阿拉巴灣部落）, Cilafinan（基拉菲婻部落）, Fafokod（發富谷部落）, Ma’olaway（瑪屋撈外部落）.
Himoti
Ira ko paisingan(電光衛生室) i niyaro’.
El salvador
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Salvador Sánchez Cerén, patirengan a romi’ad i 2014 a miheca(年) saka 6 folad saka 1 a romi’ad.
Himoti
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
El salvador
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Tjailjaking
Tjailjaking（賽嘉部落）
Cinbulan
Itiniay i Jianshi(尖石) Cen no Hsinchu(新竹縣) ko Cinbulan a niyaro’, 109 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 324 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Tjailjaking
Itiniay i Sandimen Cen no Pingtung ko Tjailjaking a niyaro’, 240 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 875 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Kalahaay
Kalahaay（民豐部落）
Cinbulan
91% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 295 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 9% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  29 ko tamdaw.
Tjailjaking
94% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 820 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 6% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  55 ko tamdaw.
Kalahaay
Itiniay i Chenggong(成功) Cen no Taitung(台東) ko Kalahaay a niyaro’, 738 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 2,154 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
O pinangan no 'Amis
O pinangan no 'Amis (阿美族的風俗與習慣)
原作者：高清興原詞條名稱：U Pinangan atu Nanaman nu 'Amis (阿美族的風俗與習慣) Nanu tu'as nu 'Amis awaay ku tilid, dengan u mata, u tanginga, u kamay, u wa'ay atu falucu’ nu tamdaw ku mafana'ay. Saka, adihay ku mafalahay a serangawan tu nanuliteng.
Cinbulan
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Tayal(泰雅族)85%, Amis(阿美族)2%, Saysiyat(賽夏族)1%, roma(其他)3%.
Kalahaay
15% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 316 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 85% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 1,838 ko tamdaw.
Tjailjaking
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Paiwan84%, Rukai2%, Bunun1%, Puyuma1%, roma5%.
Cinbulan
Ira ko picodadan(那羅國民小學) i niyaro’.
O pinangan no 'Amis
O pinangan no 'Amis (阿美族的風俗與習慣)
Iti:ya ho, ira ku cayay pipapaysu a pitilidan nu 'Amis, tudung kasa'upuan nu finawlan—Sefi(Talu'an), dadayatu ira ku mirumruman nu mi'afatay a slal a namal. Sa'upu'upu sa palitemek tu aru' ku masaslalay; ira ku mikituhay, ira ku mitulikay, ira ku miwikwikay atu mikaeitay tu tafukud. Ci falucu'ay tamdaw pasa tengil pasa nengneng sa itatihi tu dadayadaya, cila fana' satu. Anu eca i, tatuy tu ccay a talid tayra sa i luma’nu cima a matu'asay patuitu minanam, tahira kafana'an, caay pisaeli tu paysu.Mahaenay ku pinangan nu 'Amis a ka'uripan.
Cinbulan
Ira ko Kiwkay(台灣基督長老教會那羅教會、那羅天主堂) i niyaro’.
O pinangan no 'Amis
O pinangan no 'Amis (阿美族的風俗與習慣)
Adihay ku kaulahan afangcalay pinangan nu matu'asay, anu ha^min han sumuwal caay ku mamafilu. Anini haccaccay han aku pasadak tayra ka^minan nu pitilidan.
Cinbulan
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
O pinangan no 'Amis
O pinangan no 'Amis (阿美族的風俗與習慣)
Nanuemangan ho ma^mintu mapalimu'ut tu suwal ku wawa nu Pangcah hananay,saka, pakinali ku kalangudu kangida’ nu Pangcah a tamdaw. Anu ira ku lafang taynu luma’misalama, maupuh mipa'icup mipanamal, mahrek i, anu udafak, caka^ca milicay “Maranam tu kisu?”, anu u dadaya “malafitu kisu?” sanay a salicay. Itira i lalan rumakat, ma’araw ku ci'inurungay tu karetengay a matu’asay, tansul a micaliw tu 'inurung caay ka palimu'uten. Tuna micamul ku Pangcah tu 'urip nu Holam, dengan unian ku kafukilan. Nawhani, nanuemangan mikilutuk, miki'alu^, mikiriyar; icuwa ku malawaay nu Pangcah. Saka malahaklungho tu Pangcah misalama awatu ma'araw ku kurur, ira patikul masataftaf tu ku pinatatuy. Anu talalutuk, u dating, dungec, kacumuli…ku maalaay, tala 'alu mikilim tu mamaala, tala riyar caka^ca mikilim tu kakiskisen tahira pinukayan nu kaput. Ira ku suwal nu ruma a fincadan, “Anu misalama tayra i palapalaan i, haklungen:itu ku Pangcah a tamdaw, hay^ca ka cahiw, ta minukay satu adihay ku sapaterung tu iluma'ay” saan.
Tjailjaking
Ira ko picodadan(賽嘉國小) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Kalahaay
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)13%, Paiwan(排灣族)0.4%, Puyuma(卑南族)0.4%, roma(其他)0.5%.
Ira ko picodadan(成功國小、成功國小附幼、海洋環境教室、成功商水、成功商水附設進修學校) i niyaro’.
Ira ko kofa(成功戶政所、成功鎮公所、海巡署新港漁港安檢所、農委會水試所生態海洋展示館、水試所東部海域研究中心、台東縣消防局成功分隊) i niyaro’.
Ira ko paisingan(成功衛生所、衛福部台東醫院成功分院) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Miyamaya niyaro’
Miyamaya niyaro’ （太昌部落）
Roma ngangan no Miyamay Lidaw han ko pangangan, sakasadak noni a ngangan i no ka Dipongan ho a ngangan, i sa’amisan i lawac to, na niyaro’an no Cikasoan, itiya ho Pararic han ko ngangan, palafacan han. Nawhan aloman ko finacadan, sa’amisan a otok no Natawran masadafdafay a pala, saka salaenoan han ko pangangan.
Ikor to no kalala’isan a demak no Cikaso’an, macefis to no Dipong ko paniyaro’an no Cikasoan “Ciyifangcalay a niyaro’ han.” itiya i oni a Lidaw i, o sa’amisan no Ciyi a niyaro’, malo ka kawmahan to no mafolaway a Dipong. itiya i awaay to ko cecacecay no Pangcah itira a maro’. Itiniay a tamdaw i maemin to mafolaw tayra i palayapay no Posong patireng to falohay a niyaro’ Cikasoan han roma i tayra i roma a pala paniyaro’. Nengnengen i na’angay a tilid, onini a pala tahira to i 1922 a mihcaan ta ira ko a enem lalomaan nano Takofan a Sakizaya a finacadan mikilim to kamawmahan, doedo sa i sap otan a ’alo pasatimol a mafolaw, ikor to i, itini to i laeno to no lotok no Cikasoan, missatapang to pamatang to omah saenger sato paloma’ a maro’.
Sa’osi han ko patikoan no Cikasoan a tamdaw tayni a ma’orip, itini to i 1930 a mihcaan, ira ko tamdaw no Natawran ci Falah Fafoy patadoay to Dipong mikilim to mamisakoli tayra i Loki a pala matahidang ci Siri, Potal Pohngoy, Dawa Kacaw, ci Fedi’ Poces, ci Hino Lo’oh, ci Mayaw Soleda’ a enem ko tamdaw no Cikasoan tayra a mafolaw.
Mahayda ko paro no loma’ tayni maro’ ko mafolaway a Dipong, malepon to ko tosa miheca, cikilac to sota’ cangra to ko mawmahay, o kinayra lalikel sa makilatosa. Nanoya ya a enem a tamdaw no Cikasoan saenger sato paloma’ mala falohay to a niyaro’ no Cikasoan.
Nanzhuang
Nanzhuang（南庄鄉）
Itini i Miaoli(苗栗) ko Nanzhuang Siyang. sa’osi han ko po:long no palaan i, ira ko 162.03 km² (lalotolotokan a plalan no sa’osi i ira ko   95.59 km², o palaan noto’as i'a:yaw i ira ko   26.55 km²), 2,462 ko tamdaw i Nanzhuang Siyang,  917 ko parod no loma’, itini i niyaro’ a Yincomin(原住民) sa’osi han ira ko 1,655 a tamdaw, pakaala to 67%(Saysiyat賽夏族, Tayal泰雅族) no polong(全部) no tamdaw. o Saysiyat, Tayal ko sa’alomanay i Miaoli.
O kasaniyarona
9 ko cun, 15 ko niyaro’ i Nanzhuang Siyang. haba:（大屋坑部落）, kaehkaba:oS（馬果坪部落）, Sasasezeman（東江新邨部落）, tamayo’an（大湳部落）, batbato’an（二坪部落）, kahkahoe’an（八卦力部落）, ray’in（蓬萊部落）, haboeh（大窩山部落）, Ciupus（鹿山部落）, Sinpitu（鹿湖部落）, P’anoh（鹿場部落）, rareme:an（向天湖部落）, hororok（鵝公髻部落）, walo’（瓦祿部落）, Raysinay（石壁部落）.
Tranan
Tranan（福山部落）
82% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 622 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 18% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 135 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal78%, Amis3%, Bunun1%.
Ira ko picodadan(福山國小) i niyaro’.
Charles Savarin
Charles Savarin(查爾斯·安傑洛·薩瓦林)
I 1943 a miheca(年) saka 10 folad saka 2 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Charles Savarin, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Dominica(多米尼加) anini i ci Charles Savarin, patirengan a romi’ad i 2013 a miheca saka 10 folad saka 2 a romi’ad.
No papotalay a kakafit 外部連結
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Holac
thumb|Holac|left|250px
تاشقا ئايلانغان جىسىم yue:化石
Tjalja’avus
Tjalja’avus（來義部落）
Itiniay i Laiyi Cen no Pingtung ko Tjalja’avus a niyaro’, 341 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 1,122 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
97% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 1,092 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 3% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  30 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Paiwan93%, Amis1%, Rukai1%, roma2%.
Ira ko picodadan(南和國小、南和國小附幼) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Marorok
Marorok（馬聚集部落）
Tranan
Ira ko Kiwkay(台灣基督長老教會福山教會、台灣基督長老教會下盆教會、福山天主堂) i niyaro’.
Marorok
Itiniay i Ruisui(瑞穗) Cen no Hualien(花蓮) ko Marorok a niyaro’, 267 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 708 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Tranan
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Mizuhu
Mizuhu（勤和部落）
Marorok
46% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 328 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 54% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i, 380 ko tamdaw.
Mizuhu
Itiniay i Taoyuan(桃源) Cen no Kaohsiung(高雄) ko Mizuhu a niyaro’, 99  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 286 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Marorok
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)38%, Paiwan(排灣族)2%, Bunun(布農族)3%, Truku(太魯閣族)2%, roma(其他)1%.
Ira ko picodadan(瑞北國小) i niyaro’.
Mizuhu
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Bunun(布農族)90%, Tayal(泰雅族)1%, Amis(阿美族)1%, Hla’alua(拉阿魯哇語族)1%, Paiwan(排灣族)1%.
Marorok
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Mizuhu
Ira ko picodadan(勤和部落圖書資訊站) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Payuwan
Itiniay i Majia(瑪家) Cen no Pingtung(屏東) ko Payuwan a niyaro’, 156 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 531 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
98% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 518 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 2% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,  13 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Paiwan(排灣族)91%, Rukai(魯凱族)1%, Tayal(泰雅族)2%, Amis(阿美族)1%, Bunun(布農族)1%, roma(其他)3%.
Ira ko paisingan(排灣村衛生室) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Truwan
truwan（德魯灣部落）
Itiniay i Ren’ai Cen no Nantou ko truwan a niyaro’, 60  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 167 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
97% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 162 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 3% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   5 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Seediq81%, Tayal11%, Bunun4%，roma1%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Takimi
Takimi（龍泉部落）
Itiniay i Haiduan Cen no Taitung ko Takimi a niyaro’, 87  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 327 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski(佩德羅·巴勃羅·庫辛斯基)
Takimi
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Bunun78%, Amis4%, Paiwan2%, Tayal1%, Cou1%, roma2%.
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
I 1938 a miheca(年) saka 10 folad(月) saka 3 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
Takimi
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Peru(秘魯) anini i ci Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, patirengan(擔任) a romi’ad i 2016 a miheca saka 7 folad saka 28 a romi’ad.
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Kinus
Kinus（基諾斯部落）
Itiniay i Nan’ao(南澳) Cen no Yilan(宜蘭) ko Kinus a niyaro’, 60  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 179 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
97% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 174 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 3% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,   5 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Tayal(泰雅族)88%, Amis(阿美族)1%, Truku(太魯閣族)2%, Bunun(布農族)3%, Paiwan(排灣族)2%, roma(其他)2%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Trayan
Trayan（松本部落）
Itiniay i Wufeng Cen no Hsinchu ko Trayan a niyaro’, 17  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  72 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
42% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 30  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 58% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  42 ko tamdaw.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Belguim
Belguim（比利時）
Takaray a sowal:
Pilisu Hontian a Kitakit(比利時王國 ;Olanta a sowal:Koninkrijk België; Fransu a sowal:Royaume de Belgique; Toic a sowal:Königreich Belgien), o Sa’etipay a Kitakit, o cecay a kitakit no nipatirengay to Yoropa a Lekaep(Ikiris a sowal:European Union, EU), o syoto Porosayr o kaitiraan no Saka’amisay a Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO) ato Yoropa a Lekaep, adihay ko matiniay o tata’angay a Saopo no ‘emin no kitakit. Ona kitakit nani ka’amis do’edoedo han ko rekat no toki a minengeng i,malafiyaway ato Olanta, Toic ato Fransu, isa’etip misi’ayaway to Ka’amisay Rriyar (Ikiris a sowal:North Sea).
Tatapangan no ngangan(名稱的由來)
O ngangan no Pilisu i, nani itiyaay ho i ‘Ayaw ni Yiso a Roma a Mihecahecaan, itiya ‘I, o Pilisu-Kaolo hananay a mitahidang( Latin a sowal:Gallia Belgica), o imi nonini i,o itiraay i  o Kaolo(Gallia) a tamdaw no Pirkay a Finacadan(Belgae) sanay. Ono holam a pifalic to Pilisu a ngangan i,nani mitilidan ni Sicifen a《瀛寰志略》i 1849 miheca.
Pikowanan ni Cali II o honti no Falanko (法蘭克國王查理二世)
Itiya i 860 miheca, Sa’etipay AFalanko kitakit a honti ci Cali II (Fransu asowal:Charles II le Chauve; Kuwaping a sowal:查理二世) toro’en ningra ci Tupoan malamikomoday a Falantosu Pocie. 979 miheca, kaheci sato a mapatireng ko Porusayr. 1328 miheca, o sofitay no Fransu pakalowid i Kasaylo a lalood, mapalaheci to ko pikowan to Falantosu.
Micowatan a Sakowan(殖民地時期)
To ikor to i,kinapinapina to ko kafalic no mikowanay to Pilisu,oya kasasilsil no etal i,o Olanta, Pokoti( Ikiris a sowal:Burgundy), Sipanya, Awtili ko mikowanay. Ikalahontian ni Napolon(Fransu a sowal:Napoléon Bonaparte) malapala no Fransu ko pecih no Pilisu,malowid to ci Napolon i,mapateko i Olanta ko Pilisu mala Mapapolongay Hontian Kitakit. Tahira to i 1830 mihecaan, cidemak to thumb|Sa'ayaway Honti no Pilisu(Leopold I of Belgium ) nani pikowan no Olanta, mala o Mirocokay a Malahonti a kitakit, matoro’ ko cecay a sarawa’an no Toic, o wawa no honti no Sakosen-Kopaw- Kota Hontian Kitakit ci Lipolto I(Olanta ato Toic a sowal:Leopold I ; Kuwaping a sowal:利奧波德一世) malasa’ayaway honti. Na mapatireng to ko Pilisu a kitakit, toker sa to Cowa ka Pisakakinih sanay a lekakawa no kitakit. Nikawrira, i Sakatosa a Lalood no Ha’emin no Kitakit ma’eco no Toic. Orasaka, ikor to nona lalood masawad to Cowa ka Pisakakinig sanay a lekakawa no kitakit, mikapot to Saka’amisay a Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep ( North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO) ato Yoropa a Lekatep no Kicai(Ikiris a sowal:European Economic Community,EEC; Kuwaping a sowal:歐洲經濟共同體）
Wacu
wacu(狗)
Belguim
Aniniay a Pilisu(現代比利時)
O tada cemahaday cikicicay to takaraway a kitakit ko Pilisu anini, nikawrira, nano to’as a rikisi iraay to ko sapisiikedaw a kasarekad, nawhani, ika’amisay a pecih no kitakit o Folamang a tamdaw(Olanta a sowal:Vlamingen; Kuwaping a sowal:佛拉芒人）ono Olanta a sowal kono roma’ami’ad a sowal, sa pasitraay i Olanta a mitadipi, o ikatimolay sa a pecih i, o Walong a tamdaw(Fransu a sowal:Wallons;Kuwaping a sowal:瓦隆人) ono Fransu ko sowal, sa pasitira i Fransu a mitadipi, ona tosa a finacada malala’isay to romi’ami’ad. thumb|2011 miheca saka 1 folad mikangi ko finawlan (Cinquantenairerally) I 2007 miheca saka 6 folad saka 10 romi’ad ira ko kapolongan a kayki,[1] ’enem a folad ko kasasowasowalan ta patireng sa to kapolongan a sifo, nikawrira, caka halafing tolo aca ko folad malasawad to kona sifo.
Itiya i ikor no 2010 miheca saka 6 folad a sinkiw, ira ko 543 romi’ad ko caka patireng to sifo, o sahalafinay ko romi’ad awa ko sifo, macicih ko kirok no ’emin no kitakit. Awa ko misododay a matatoker, saikoray to i,falic han to ko Tatapang Rikec a Kinpo, patodod han to a palalikel ko ka’amisay ato katimolay a pecih no kitakit to Niyah-Pikowan, o syoto Polosair ono Kapolongan a Sakowan, onini ko sakalowan no ’icel no Fafa'eday Pikaikian,nani 2014 mihecaan a sinkiw patokeled hananay to sinkiw no Yoropa Pikaikian(European Parliament), 5 miheca kinacecay ko pisinkiw, o Kararemay Pikaikian a kiin i,ono Olanta Etal 87 ko tamdaw no kiin, ono Fransu Etal i,63 ko tamdaw a kiin, o ’icel nona tosa a etal malalenay, o sa’osi no kiin ko pi’arawan. O nini ko kahapinangan o Nipatekoan ko Sakowan a Kitakit.
Wacu
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Belguim
Aniniay a Pilisu(現代比利時)
I 2013 miheca saka 7 folad, o saka 6 a honti ci Alpi II(Albert II;阿爾貝二世) papirocoken ningra ko wawa ci Filipo(Fransu a sowal:Philippe Léopold Louis Marie;Kuwaping a sowal:菲利普) malahonti.[2] thumb|Filipo honti (Philippe of Belgium in 2019) I 2014 miheca saka 10 folad saka 11 romi’ad o fa’elohay a Conli ci Syar Misier(Charles Yves Jean Ghislaine Michel)，keriden ningra ko pasikawananay a isifo’ay a sifo, paloko i ka’ayaw ni Filipo honti ta malaheci ko kalacongli, laheci sato ko 4 a folad a kasasowal. Ci Misier congli o saka’emangay ko mihecaan no Pilisu nani 1840 miheca[3], itini i Yoropa o saka’emangay to ko tireng ningra.
2019 mihecaan a sinkiw, matiya to to i’ayaway sako’esit sa caka patireng to fa’elohay a sifo, oya sa ci Misier o mamalakakeridan no Sakakaay Kayki no Yoropa tona miheca i saka 12 folad, toro’ han to ni Filipo honti ko widang ni Misier ci Sofi-Wirmisu(Sophie Wilmès;蘇菲·威爾梅斯) mala pacarcaray a kakeridan no sifo.
Sici (政治)
1. Olanta sowal a etal,
2. Fransu sowal a etal
3. Toic sowal a etal.
patokeled han a patireng to tolo a sakowan: o Walong Tata’akay Etal( Fransu a sowal:Wallonie ; Kuwaping a sowal:瓦隆大區); o Folamon Tata’akay Etal(Fransu a sowal:Région flamande; Kuwaping a sowal:佛拉蒙大區) ato Polosayr-Syoto Tata’akay Etal(Fransu a sowal:Région de Bruxelles-Capitale；Olanta a sowal:Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest; Kuwaping a sowal:布魯塞爾-首都大區).
O sakowan ato etal ano matata’edipay i, mapo’elacay ko kasasilsil no tayal:
1.Nipatekoan ko Sakowan a sifo(聯邦政府): citodongay to kapolongan a tayal, o paisawidang tono sici a tayal, no sofitay, katayalan, sakarihaday(syakay-fukuli), lalan ato dinwa.
3.Komuin a sifo(行政區政府):citodongay tono sera ato dafong a tayal.
Centang(政黨)
Onini i,ono sici a kasarekarekad. Pakaynien tona sici a kasarekarekad mahapinang ko Faco no Nipatekoan ko Sakowan a sifo, nawhani, malalikelay ko Folimon Tata’akay Etal ato Walong Tata’akay Etal to ‘icel no sici, awaay ko kapolongan no kitakit a centang. O kiin no Kararemay Pikaikian polong no kiin 150 ko tamdaw, o Folimon 87 ko kiin, o Walong 63 ko kiin.
O kasaso’iring no Ka’amisay ato Katimolay(南北分烈問題)
O Pilisu a kitakit i, patatekoan ko Walong Tata’akay Etal(o Fransu ko sowal a etal,瓦隆大區) ato Folamon Tata’akay Etal(o Olanta ko sowal a etal,佛拉蒙大區). Nani 19 sici satapang ko ci’icelay a kitakit amisasiwar sa ira ko kasaso’iring no Ka’amisay ato Katimolay a etal, tahanini tona 20 sici iraay ho a matengil ko pacohacohay a ngiha’ to sapitekoaw i a Fransu anca i Olanta,matiya to o itiraay i Yoropa a sapicinowasaw a felaw, o lalowadan no rawraw sici ato syakay konini i Yoropa.
Mangalefay ko Spisikedaw a Demak no Folamon(Olata a sowal:Vlaamse Beweging;Kuwaping a sowal:佛拉蒙運動), nani 20 sici tahanini cawa ka pitolas a milekal to Teked a Salongoc ato Sapisikedaw a Niyahpikowan, ta mapa’ading ko sowal no Olanta ato punka ato rikisi, orasaka sa’icel sa mihantay to katenek no sowal no Fransu.
kaitiraan(地理位置)
thumb|Flag of Belgium thumb|比利時的位置（深綠色）– 歐洲（綠色及深灰色）– 歐盟（綠色）
I saka’amisay a sa’etipay no Yoropa ko ka itiraan no Pilisu, cila’ed to riyar a makakecol ato Ikiris,i ka’amis malafiyaw ato Olanta, i katimol mada’edo’edo ko pala ato Fransu, isakatimol no kawali malafiyaw ato Losinpo Hontian Kitakit, ikawali mada’edo’edoay ko pala ato Toic, o kakahad no polong i 3.05㎢.
Toloay ko kasasilsil no etal: ka’etip o mililisay to riyar a dafdaf, sasifo’an o masatapoloay a dahetal, isakawali o Yartin Lotolotokan(Olanta a sowal:Ardennen).
Kakarayan(氣候)
O sa’emelay a no riyaran a kakarayan, orasaka, i kasi’enawan lafafa ko kakarayan, i kaciferangan sa’emel ko romi’ad, kali’orad, isakacecay a folad o lalen no fa’edet 0~3°C, sakapito a folad lalen no fa’edet 14~19°C.
O kasasilsil no sakowan(行政區劃)
1.Folamon Tata’akay Etal(佛拉蒙大區):I ka’amisay etal a Folamon Finacadan(Vlaamse Gemeenschap,佛拉蒙社群), o Olanta ko sowal;
2.Walong Tata’akay Etal(瓦隆大區):I katimolay a pecih etal a Fransu a finacadan(Communauté française,法語社群),o Fransu ko sowal;
3.Polosayr-Syoto Tata’akay Etal(布魯塞爾-首都大區):I sasifo’an no kitakit;
Ira ho ko Toic finacadan i sakawali(Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft,德語社群).
Kicai (經濟)
O tada cemahaday ko misang’ay to dafong a kitakit ko Pilisu i ha’emin no kitakit, itiya ho i 19 sici itini i Yoropa o sa’ayaway a mifalic to o Kikai ko Sakatayal(Ikiris a sowal:Industrial Revolution; Kuwaping a sowal:工業革命). Ira ko fancalay a minato, lalan i nanom, lalan no cinamalay ato lalan, sa fancal ko kalacacofacofay ato roma a kitakit a malali’aca’aca to masamaamaanay a dafong. thumb|Chocolate (blue background) 1991 miheca saka 1 folad, mikapot a mali’ayaw a mitayal to malacecaay a payso no Yoropa(Euro,歐元), oya no Pilisu a Falang payso i 2002 miheca lwheci sato a maceror no Yoropa a Payso.
O kicai no Pilisu tadatata’ang ko pipalawina to Kalokitakit a Kali’aca to Dafong.O tosa no kalitolo no Lalen a 'Etan no Kalotamdaw ( per capita disposable income ,GNI;人均收入), o nani pasadakan a paliwal to dafong a ’etan 2 ko kasatiwtiw ato Toic, 5 ko kasatiwtiw ato Dipon.Mana hatini to ko kacilaheci no pasadak to dafong no Pilisu hani, o kanga’ay no kaitiraan ato takaraway a kicic, ato kaira no masasiromaromaay a sowal,ato cilaheciay a tayal.
Oni pacomodan a dafong no Pilisu i, o kaka’enen, kikai,tayamonto, kasolin, nani kasolinay a dafon,lalilec a dafong; o nipasadakan a dafong i,ciyawkoli a waneng, tosiya, marad, sapaiyo, tayamonto ato milalilecan dafong. Oya itiraay i ka’amis a Antowipo minato( Olanta a sowal:Antwerpen; Toic a sowal:Antorf: Fransu a sowal:Anvers; Kuwaping a sowal:安特衛普) o sakatosa ko tata’ang i Yoropa, o satata’angay a pasongla’an to tayamonto itini i hekal a kitakit, sa pangangan han to Tata’angay Tokai no Tayamonto.
Tahapinangan a Tilid (參考文獻)
[1] 吳黎明，比利時舉行大選，新華網
[2] 老父遜位 比利時新國王登基. 中時電子報. 2013-07-22.[永久失效連結]
[3] 比利時中間偏右政府宣誓就職. 中央廣播電台. 2014-10-11.
Burkina faso
Burkina faso（布吉納法索）
Pokirna faso(Frasu a sowal:Burkina Faso; Kuwaping a sowal:布吉納法索)
Takaray a sowal(概要)
o Pokina-Faso hananay a kitakit ono itiraay i Afrika a Karopaw kitakit, o polong a pala no kitakit i,itiraay i sakatimol a lilis no Sahara-Tafatafakan (Arbiya a sowal:الصحراء الكبرى‎，aṣ-Ṣaḥrāʾ al-Kubrā ; Kuwaping a sowal:撒哈拉沙漠) ko kaitiraan. O katelang a angangan nona kitakit i,o Sangfota (Fransu a sowal:Haute Volta;Kuwaping a sowal: 上伏塔), I 1984 miheca saka 8 folad a falicen tono aniniay a ngangan no kitakit, itiraay i tenok no kitakit ko syoto o Tatapangan a Tokai Wakatoku (Fransu a sowal:Ouagadougou，decdec:Ouaga; Kuwaping a sowal:瓦加杜古), o sakakaay ko katata’ang a tokai no Pokina-Faso, patokeled han o kahiceraan no punka ato kicai katayalan. thumb|Location Burkina Faso AU Africa Itini i hekal o sasafaay ko kafana’ to tilid, ‘edeng 3% no polong a tamdaw ko mafana’ay to tilid. O cecay no「cowaho ka cemahad a kitakit」(Least developed country decdec a tilid: LDCs; Kuwaping a sowal:最低度開發國家).
O congtong no kitakit anini i ci Loko-Mako- Kolistian-Kapoloy(Fransu a sowal: Roch-Marc-Christian-Kaboré; Kuwaping a sowal:羅克·馬克·克里斯蒂安·卡波雷), katomirengan a romi’ad i 2015 a miheca saka 12 folad saka 29 a romi’ad.
Rikisi(歷史)
O katelang a payrayrang(文明) a kitakit ko Porkina-Faso i Saka’etipay Afrika, nani saka 3 sici(世紀) tahira i saka 13 sici, itira i Niri ato i katimol no saka’etip no Porkina-Faso a Pora(Bura) hananay a pala, makera ko cecay a marad to citiliday to Pora-Punka. Anini i laloma’ nona kitakita latek ira ko 60 ko masasiromaromaay a niyaro’, o Mosi (Mossi) ko sakaay a finacadan, o sarakatay a ngangan i,o Sangfota hananay ko ngangan nona kitakit, i 1984 miheca yo malacongtong no kitakit ci Tomas-Sangkara(Fransu a sowal: Thomas Sankara ; Kuwaping a sowal:托馬斯·桑卡拉) itiyaay a mifalic to ngangan no kitakit to Porkina-Faso(Burkina Faso), o「Porkina」hananay i,o「mo’ecelay」ano ca「mo’ecelay tamdaw」sanay ko imi nira, o「Faso」hananay i,o nani sowal no Teyula(德尤拉語) o「Winaan a kitakit」sanay ko imi nira.[1]
1896miheca, tayni i Sangfota(上伏塔) palapalaan, patedo sa a milekal o no niyam nikowanan konian pala saan, onini ko toker sa a mitaker koya halafinay to a moro’ itini a Mosi tamdaw, tahira to i 1919 miheca matokep ko tatapangan a takai(syoto) Waciyatuko(Frasu a sowal:Ouagadougou,簡稱Ouaga; Kuwaping a sowal:瓦加杜古), oya nikowanan a malamicongacongay kitakit no Syangyahaian(Fransu a sowal:Côte d'Ivoire; Kuwaping a sowal:象牙海岸) [2] a sak’amisay a sakowan pateko han to i laloma’ no fa’elohay a nipatirengan asakown, papolong han a mipangangan to 「Sangfota」, o cecay no Matatekoay-Kitakit Saka’etipay-Afrika no Fransu( Fransu a sowal:Afrique occidentale française, decdec a titlid:AOF.; Kuwaping a sowal:法屬西非).