cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Belarus
Damaen no Toic a patireng to Nikapolongan no Finawlan a Kitakit(德國扶植成立白俄羅斯人民共和國)
thumb|Alisanta III (Emperor of Russia )(1845-94) I Sakacecay a Ha’emin no Kitakit a Lalood, yo masasowal ho to Sakarihaday a Kakaketonan a Polisto-Litawan(Rosiya a sowal:Брестский мир; Toic a sowal:Friedensvertrag von Brest-Litowsk; Holan a sowal:布列斯特-立陶夫斯克條約),o sofita no Toic milood a micowat to Payworos, Wukolan ato Polotihay a Kitakit,milonok a milekal to Pisiiked to Niyah a Pikowan ko Payworos,damaen no Toic a patireng to Nikapolongan no Finawlan a Kitakit(Payworos a sowal:Белару́ская Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка; Ikiris a sowal:Belarusian National Republic; Holam a sowal:白俄羅斯人民共和國).[15] Nikawria, tangsosol sa a malalood ko Polan ato Rosiya, ona ihoniay ho a tomireng a Nikapolongan no Finawlan a Kitakit tado han to no Rosiya Sowiay-Syakaisyuki Nikapolongan Kitakit (Rosiya a sowal:Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика; Romaan a tilid:Rossiyskáya Sovetskáya Federatívnaya Socialistícheskaya Respublika; Holam a sowal:俄羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯邦) ato Sakatosa a Nikapolongan a Kitakit no Polan malalikel a mi’eco. Tahira to i 1922 miheca saka 12 folad saka 30 romi’ad, patireng to Payworos Sowiay-Syakaisyuki Nikapolongan Kitakit(Payworos a sowal:Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка; Rosiya a sowal:Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика; Holam a sowal:白俄羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國), malacecay no mikapotay to Solin a kitakit.[16]
Takubuwan
Ira ko paisingan(花蓮慈濟醫院) i niyaro’.
Cingaroan
O satapangan no Cingaroan a niyaro’ 鳯信部落的由來
O sowal no mato’asay no niyaro’ to pakaniay o satapangan no Cingaroan a niyaro’. Iti:ya, awaayho ko maro’ay itini, o lakelakelalan ato talotalodan ato kilakilangan ho, o pi’adopan no mi’adopay a tamdaw konian. I saetipan, laeno no lotok, o Fotingan, masemotay a kilakilan ato talotalod, ira ko Cikasoan a tamdaw, ci Ngaro ko ngangan ningra, pangangan ko mato’asay o Cingaroan han a pangangan, o nai ci mama Ngaroan ko tatapangan a mipangangan. O mi’adopay cingra, patirengen ningra ko taloan Fotingan, pi’adopan ningra i dadahal, Fotingan tangasa i nowalian sahto o ningra a ma’emin, mi’adop cingra to ngafol.
Ci mama Ngaro caay pisasihinihining to tamdaw, caay papiraor to mi`adopay a tamdaw, patlien ningra ko trik a tilo i iyok saka caaw kanga’ay no tamdaw a mingata. Orasaka, caay kasasihining to tamdaw saka, o kapatay ningra, awaay ko mafana’ay, o nipipakaneng to patay ningra, itira i taloan ningra ko patay, halafin to, ma’icang to ko tireng ningra. Orasaka, o ngangan no niyaro’, o ci mama Ngaroan ko litapangan no Cingaroan. I koray to tamdaw no niyaro’, nao Cingaroan kira sowal, mananam to Cingaloan sato sowal.
O kacacefisan to pi’adopan 狩獵區的征戰
Sowal sa ko mato’asay, i ’a:yaway, ira ko tatosaay a kapah no Fataan, o cifakeday a mititickay, caay ka komaen to hemay cangra, o mafkacay, pakaca^ekoday to takaraway a loma’ ato smosmotan. Tona mafana’ cangra o nga’ayay a pi’adopan konian saan, nikawrira iraayto ko Cikasoan a tamdaw itini mi’adop. Nao mafkacay cangra saka, sapi’afasan to pi’adopan no Cikasoan.
Belarus
I Sakatosa a Polong no Kitakit a Lalood(二戰時期)
I Sakatosa ’Emin no Kitakit a Lalood, 1944 miheca saka 6 folad saka 22 romi’ad ’edef han no Nacui-Toic amicowat ko Solin, oya isifo’ay a sofitay no Toic i ma’aro to ngara ko Tata’angay a Tokai o Misko no Payworos,papapolong han no Toic ko Payworos ato Polotihay a Kitakit mala Sakawaliay a Mikowanan no Sotok a Etal (Reichskommissariat Ostland，RKO;東方總督轄區）1944 miheca misa’icel to ko Solin a mipaco’ay a milood to Toic sa malowid to ko Toic. Tona lalood i, matekop no Toic ko 209 a niyaro’, 90 to ko maosaway nona lalood, o misanga’ay to dafong a katayan mahadefek ko 85%, 100 ofad ko mapelengay a loma’.[17] Ikor to no lalood kahenay a cemahad, o katayalan a kofa ‘aloman to ko matayalay, malakahiceraan to no isaka’etipay no Solin, onini to ko alanokanokat sato koya ‘alomanay a maforaw a Woros Tamdaw patatiko minokay i Payworos .[18]
Takubuwan
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Belarus
O aniniay a Payworos(現代白俄羅斯)
1991 miheca saka 8 folad saka 25 romi’ad ira ko pidama no Kyosanto no Payworos a mifalic to ngangan no kitakit nani「Payworos Sowiay-Syakaisyuki Nikapolongan Kitakit」falic han o「Nikapolongan a Kitakit」(白俄羅斯共和國) hananay to ko ngangan nona kitakit.[19]
Cingaroan
O kacacefisan to pi’adopan 狩獵區的征戰
Itiya, pasowalen nangra ko itiraay i Fotingan a Cikasoan, “Pina’on kamo, o aira ko Fata’an a tamdaw a mifolaw i tamowanan, pinaon kamo.” han nangra. Itiya, ona tatosaay i, misaromi’ami’adto ato misato’emananto a mifalod a mitisil to tingting no talod, matiya o opih no kapah a mipatireng to tawataw a mitisil i smosmotan. Maratar toya dafak, mitatoy cangra to kowang, “tla’, tla’”saan to cangra a mikowang, todoh han nangra koya ma’icangay a talod a patalaw. Oya itiraay i Fotingan a Cikasoan i, packok cangra, pakatngil ato pakanengneng toya dmak, “Aya! o irato a mifolaw i titaanan ko Fataan a tamdaw,” saan cangra, matalawto, “O mamapatay kita,” saan. Nanoya alalalilaliw sato ko Cikasoan.
Natauran
kami salipahak saan amaemin.
Belarus
O aniniay a Payworos(現代白俄羅斯)
Matekop to ko Solin i 1991miheca saka 8 folad saka 25 romi’ad lekal sato to Teked a Niyahpikowan. Ikor to tolo a miheca nami siiked to i,kina tosa a misinkiw to congtong i 1994 miheca saka 6 folad saka24 romi’ad ato saka 7 folad saka 10 romi’ad,[20] oya sa awaay ko ngangan i laloma’ no kitakit ci Alisanta-Lokasinko itira i sakacecay a liyad a pitopa i,mahaop ko 45% a satopa,cowa ho ka ‘edeng ko  sakalacongtong a satopa, miliyaw ho to saka kinatosa aliyad a mitopa maala ko 80% a satopa,[21] o sakalalifet ningra ci Wiyacilafu-Folancaywici-Kopici i,mahaop ko 14% aca ko satopa. To ikor to a sinkiw i 2001,2006,ato 2015 a miheca, patokitok a matosin ci Alisanta-Lokasinko malacongtong. O thumb|Kapolongan a Sarihaday a Kakaketonan, o congtong no Rosiya ato congtong no Payworos (CSTO Collective Security Council meeting Kremlin, Moscow 2012-12-19 01) to no Tamdawan Salongoc a Saopo,[22](Ikiris a sowal:Human Rights Watch，Decdec a tilid:HRW) ato Ha’emin no Kitakit a Saopo to papipalasawadaw to Ci’efoay (Ikiris a sowal:Amnesty International，Decdec a tilid: AI),cisowal san i, o Nisatekedan ko Pikowan ni Alisanta-Lokasinko sanay, ona Nisatekedan ko Pikowan i, cato paka’em’em ko finawlan tonini sa i 2020 miheca mafodfod ko finawlan,o matiniay a fodfod i, tona 26 a miheca awaay ho ko hatiniay a kasafodfod no kitakit.
Bwarung
Ira ko picodadan(盧山國小、廬山國小附幼) i niyaro’.
Belarus
Sici (政治)
O congtong a foco ko sici no Payworos,o Nikapolongan a Kitakit, o faco no sifo i,o congtong ato Pikaykian noKitakit, do’edo’en ko 1994 miheca a Rikec no Kinpo i, 5 miheca misinkiw to congtong,  nikawrira, i 1996 miheca mafalic ko rikec oya 5 mihecan ko kamaro’an no congtong i, panayalan to 7 to ko mihecaan ko kalacongtong to kinacecay. O Pikaykian no Kitakit to La’enoay a Pikaykian ira ko 110 ko kiing, o i Fafa’eday a Pikaykian 46 ko kiing. Ano mitinitiniay aca ko rikec i, o sici no Paywors o Nisatekedan ko Pikowan, o sakowan a ‘icel i,sahetoay o congtong ko mitatoyay, o sinkiw han i,cowa ko nifaloco’ay ko pitopa, oya sa o Misawkitay a Loma’ cowa ka misiiked ko tayal.[23]
Bwarung
Ira ko imeng(仁愛分局中正檢查所) i niyaro’.
Belarus
Sici (政治)
Kasasilsil no Sakowam(行政區劃)
Natauran
tiniay u midiputay tina niyaru`an.
Bwarung
Ira ko paisingan(精英村衛生室) i niyaro’.
Natauran
Anini hantu awaay tu kira sasakeru`an nu binaula mala pangiruantu masumad tu amin.
Cingaroan
O kacacefisan to pi’adopan 狩獵區的征戰
Orasaka, micli’ koya tatosa’ay a kapah, “Iki:,” saan cangra, maalato nangra ko pi’adopan.
Belarus
Palapalan (地理)
Itini i 53 00 N, 28 00 E, noYoropi ko Belarus. Polong no sekalay i 207,600 sq km “saka 86 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 202,900 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 4,700 sq km ” Polong i 9,570,376 ko tamdaw.
Bwarung
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Belarus
Palapalan (地理)
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 43.70%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 42.70%, malo no roma to a sera 13.60%.
siyoto(首都) O [Minsk(明斯克) ko Siyoto.
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakapito 3 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Alexander Lukashenko(亞歷山大·格里戈里耶維奇·盧卡申科), patirengan a romi’ad i 1994 a miheca(年) saka 7 folad saka 20 a romi’ad.
Kicai(經濟)
2019 miheca o Kapolongan a Nitayalan a 'Epoc Ilaloma' no kitakit: GDP ira ko ,625.72 ok kono Amirika a payso,[24] o Lalen a ’Etan no kalotamdaw to cecay miheca(per capita disposable income ;GNI), o katongal to kalomihecan mahaop ko 1.2%, itini i rayray no hekal a kitakit i, o saka 84 ko rayray. Itini i laloma,an no kitakit a mili’etanay a demak i,sahetoay ono kitakita a katayalan, i 2015 miheca o matayalay i katayalan kofa a matayalay i mahaop ko 39.3% ko tamdaw.[25] thumb|kapolongan a misanga’ay to dafong a etal no Payworos ato Congko(Great Stone industrial park (Belarus)  O katayalan no Payworos nani Solin a mihecahecan natektekay to ko paranaan, o katayalan i o misang’ay to tosiya, o isanga’ay to kikai, o misolinga’at a misanga’ to ’ekim, o misang’ay to sakatayalay a lalosidann, tadacemahaday ko ko taneng ato kicic no Tinsi ato Lintokin a kicic, IT a katayalan malecaday to a cemahad, o maomahay ato paka’enay to ’a’adopen malecaday to a cemahad, orasaka, o malinso,o dateng ato dangka o sa’adihayay i laloma’ no Siikeday Kitakit a Lekatep(Rosiya a sowal:Содружество Независимых Государств, СНГ ;Holam a sowal:獨立國協)’
O kicai no Payworos i,kodefetay tomenekay ko kalalitiliting ato Rosiya, i 2019 miheca kali’aca to dafong nona tosa a kitakit i,mahaop ko nipa’acaan talapapotal thumb|Toroku (Жодино - БелАЗ) a dafong no Payworos to 46.3% ato 54.2% ko ka’adihay; o pasadakan a kalali’aca ato Congko kali’ekiay a cemahad, i 2019 miheca itini i polong no kitakit a rayray o saka lima a nipasadakan to dafong a malali’aca ato saka tolo a rayray ko Congko to nipacodan a dafong a malali’aca, orasaka,2010 miheca, itini i Minsko mapatireng to kapolongan a misanga’ay to dafong a  etal no Payworos ato Congko(Payworos a sowal:Кітайска-Беларускі парк, anoca:Kitajska-Bielaruski park; Rosiya a sowal:Китайско-Белорусский индустриальный парк; Holam a sowal:中國-白俄羅斯工業園), o sakali’aca a payso i,o payso no Payworos a Payworos Lopu(Payworos a sowal:Беларускі рубель; Holam a sowal:白俄羅斯盧布).
Tamdaw (人口)
Itini tona aniniay a miheca(2021) a pisa’osi, o Payworos a tamdaw 934,96 ofad ko tamdaw, nikawrira, thumb|Payworos a Tamdaw(Беларусы. Biełarusy. Belarusians) pinapina amihecaan malikelonay ko kaadihay no Payworos a tamdaw, o tatapangan a finacadan a Payworos finacadan mahahop ko 84.9%, o Rosiya a fanacadan mahahop ko 7.5%, o Polan a fanacadan mahaop ko3.1%, o Wukolan a finacadan mahahop ko 1.7%, o roma a finacadan mahahop ko 2.8%.
Cingaroan
O satapangan no Cingaroan a tamdaw Cingaroan人的新頁
Iti:yaho, o talotalodan ato kilakilanganho ko Cingaroan a pala, pi’adopan no Fataan a tamdaw to ngafol, o mi`adopay milakec to ’alo’alo tangasa i notimolan no Ma’erir a ’alo.
Hacining
Itiniay i Ji’an(吉安) Cen no Hualien(花蓮) ko Hacining a niyaro’, 319 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 573 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Cingaroan
O satapangan no Cingaroan a tamdaw Cingaroan人的新頁
O itiya:ay o kafokilan a mihcaan, o mato’asay no Fataan, mikilim to pi’adopan ato kaliomahan, madado^edo ko tamdaw a tayni patireng to talo’an, o nian ko saka ci tamdaw no Cingaroan.
Belarus
Pitooran(宗教)
O pitooran no Payworos i Kristo a Pitooran, o Tongcen-Ciyaw(Kirisiya a sowal:Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία，orthódoxi ekklisía；Rosiya a sowal:Православная Церковь; Romaan a tilid:pravoslavnaja tserkovʹ ; Holam a sowal:東正教）ko satata’angay a Kristo Kasi’eked, nama sawsaw no Kitakitan a Awaay ko Kawas(Ikiris a sowal:State atheism; Holam a sowal:國家無神論）sanay a harateng,orasaka, ’aloman ko caay ka pakaso’elin to Kawas a tamdaw no Payworos tahanini. Na matekop to Solin oya cowa ko nano to’asan ato fa’elohay a thumb|Tongcen-Ciyaw (mosaic Hagia Sophia) samatiya sato o tefo’ ko kaadihay a masadak naikoran no ’orad. Tili’en ko tokian no Nincenpu i 2011 miheca a safa’elohay a sa’osi i, o mitooray to Tongcen-Ciyaw(東正教) i,mahahop ko 48.3%, o caay ka pakaso’elin to Kawas i,mahahop ko 41.1%, 7.1% o Tinsikiw, o roma a pitooran i,3.5%.[28]
Hacining
39% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 225 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 61% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 348 ko tamdaw.
Natauran
U pidatengan nu niyam u icibatu awaay a mamelaw ku ayawway a saka hululan nu niyam.
Belarus
Punka(文化)
O punka no Payworos i, tada adihay ko kala palalafang ato picerep ato taliyokay a kitakit, mangalefay itiya ho to 100 ko mihecaan, o ‘orip no kalotamdaw no Payworos i,mitodong to Rosiya a lekakawa a malarosiya ko wayway, onini to ko sakalahedawan sato ko punka no Payworos. O to’asan a ca’edong no Payworos i,marecep no Kifu-Ros a laleko, to ikor masolot ho no Polan, Litawan, Latowiya,Woros ato romaroma a kitakit no Yoropa ko faco no ca’edong. Caay ka o punka aca no Rosiya ko mirecepay to ’orip no Payworos,o pisacacak a taneng miringiay to Litawan, onini haw i,sahetoay ono roma a kitakit a lekakawa, orasaka, awaay a mahapingan ko ono Payworos a  punka snanay a tekedan.
Cingaroan
O sowal no mato’asay 口耳相傳
O sowal no mato’asay, i sa’ayaw, lalimaay ko mi’adopay a Fataan, tayni cangra, malifoten a misatikotiko minokay, oroma i, o nikatalaw to ka’afasan no tao, saka, patireng to taloan. I:kor i, mafolaw ko laloma’an a tayni, mingata to pi’adop, pifotingan, mimatang to pala paloma to hafay. Sa’ayaway, i sawalian ato noetipan no Cengawan（paterepan no cinamalay no Malio anini）ato patelian to paliding.
Hacining
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Truku(太魯閣族)20%, Amis(阿美族)12%, Tayal(泰雅族)5%, Puyuma(卑南族)1%, Kebalan(噶瑪蘭族)1%, roma(其他)1%.
Cingaroan
O sowal no mato’asay 口耳相傳
Hala:finto, dadoedoedo sa ko Fataan a mafolaw tayni, itiyai i, maliwasakho ko ’aro a mingata to saowac to cinanomay ato pifotingan ato pipalomaan to hafay.
Hacining
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Belarus
Rocok no Punka(文化遺產)
O rocok no punka i sasera a ma’emin no Payworos ira ko sepat: thumb| Mir-Piki’adingan Loma'(Мир замок) 1.    Mir-Piki’adingan a Masarakaday a Loma’(Paywors a sowal:Мірскі замак; Ikiris a sowal: Mir Castle Complex ; Holam asowal:米爾城堡建築群). 2000miheca saka 12 fokad matoro’ no Citodongay to Punka a Saopo no Linheko malarocok no punka i sasera a ma’emin.
Natauran
Suwalsa ku matuasay yu karipunan henay adihay kira tau`r, u papah nira adi;di` malubic ku baru`.
Cingaroan
O sowal no mato’asay 口耳相傳
Itiya, mafolaw a tayni ko tamdaw, ira ko pisamsam no Taloko ato Iwatan a finacadan a milili’el/militangal a mari’ang ato misamsam to fafahiyan. Mi`adop ko fataan, mipatireng cangra to kasa’sa’an to taloan i Congawan, ira ko tolo ato spat romi’ad ta minokay, orasaka, maala ko pinapina a mihcaan, sa’aloman sa ko mafolaway a taynian, itini i Congawan ko kahiceraan. Itiya, ’alomanto ko tamdaw, awaayto ko paloma’an, saka maliwasak ko tamdaw mikilim to sra to paloma’an ato kaliomahan. Itiya masaniyaro’to ko Cingaroan.
Belarus
Rocok no Punka(文化遺產)
2.    Niswiru Piki’adingan a Tata’akay Loma’(Paywors a sowal:Нясвіжскі замак, Niasvižski zamak; Rosiya a sowal:Несвижский замок, Nesvizhskiy zamok; Ikiris a sowal: Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nesvizh; Holam a sowal:涅斯維日城堡)
Natauran
Kasasiwasiw:U suwal nu i amisay a Pangcah
Belarus
Rocok no Punka(文化遺產)
3.    Piyawowiyieca a Kilakilangan(Payworos a sowal:Белавеская пушча; Polan a sowal:Puszcza Białowieska; Ikiris a sowal:Białowieża Forest; Holam a sowal:比亞沃維耶扎原始森林).
4.    Stoluwi Tahapinangan a Mifakciw to Cikiw(Ikiris a sowal: Struve Geodetic Arc; Holam a sowal:斯特魯維測地弧)
Kyoiku(教育)
Tada cemahaday ko ktoiku no Payworos, o kalopitilidan to 12 a mihecaan cowa ka papaysoen. O tata’angay a pitilidan a faco i,4~5 ko pihatatanaman a mihecaan, tosaay ko kasasiroma a faco o cecay i,cowa ka papaysoen o roma i,papasoay. I 2005 miheca o nipasadakan no kitakit a yosan a payso i,mahaop ko 2.08% no polong a nipasadakan a yosan. Ano matini ira ko 4,128 ko kaadihay no citodongay to nipasifana’ay a demak(ono ma’emangay ho a wawa i,ira ko siwa a ofad ko ka’emangay), 4221 kono pitilidan no kocong ato kaocong(128 ofad ko mitiliday ho ka’emangay), 253 ko sinmon a pitilidan, 55 ko tata’angay lotilidan(ono kitakita nipatirengan ira ko 43 Tata’angay Pitlidan, ira ko 12 o kalo Tata’angay a Pitilidan). Ira ko pisa’osi, o matayalay pakayni i kocong ato kaocong i,ira ko 15 ofad ko tamdaw, i laloma’ nonini i,o singsi ira ko 14 ofad ko tamdaw, itiraay i tata’angay pitilidan a matayalay ira ko 2 ofad ko tamdaw.
Tahapinagan aTilid (參考文獻)
[1] 該名稱未獲得中華人民共和國政府(白俄罗斯国家概况. [2019-10-15]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-21）. 及中華民國政府(白俄羅斯共和國. [2020-07-04]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-15）使用.
[2] “白罗斯”而不是“白俄罗斯’. 白羅斯共和國駐華大使館. 2018-03-17 [2018-03-17]. （原始內容存檔於2018-03-17） （中文（簡體）.
[3] 白罗斯共和国概况. 白羅斯共和國官方網站. [2019-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-12）.
[4] UN Statistics Division. Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49). United Nations Organization. 2010年4月1日 [2010年4月22日]. （原始內容存檔於2010年4月17日）.
[5] 中国外交部. [2004-04-08]. （原始內容存檔於2004-03-02）.
[6] Zaprudnik 1993，第4-5頁.
[7] Zaprudnik 1993，第2頁.
[8] James Minahan. Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. Greenwood. 1998年: 35頁 [2015-10-24]. ISBN 0-313-30610-9. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-03）.
[10] Charles Henry Robinson. The Conversion of Europe. Longmans, Green. 1917年: 第491–492頁.
[11] Plokhy, Serhii. The Origins of the Slavic Nations. Cambridge University Press. 2006年: 第94–95頁. ISBN 0-521-86403-8.
[12] "Belarusian （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）", UCLA Language Materials Project
[13] Nowak, Andrzej. The Russo-Polish Historical Confrontation. Sarmatian Review XVII. Rice University. 1997-01-01 [2007-12-22]. （原始內容存檔於2007-12-18）.
[14] Scheuch, E. K.; David Sciulli. Societies, Corporations and the Nation State. BRILL. 2000年: 187頁. ISBN 90-04-11664-8.
[15] Ioffe, Grigory. Understanding Belarus and How Western Foreign Policy Misses the Mark. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 2008-02-25: 57 [2014-07-03]. ISBN 0-7425-5558-5. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-05）.
[17] Axell, Albert. Russia's Heroes, 1941–45. Carroll & Graf Publishers. 2002: 247. ISBN 0-7867-1011-X.
Cingaroan
O sowal no mato’asay 口耳相傳
O sakasaan, Cingaroan han ko pipangangan to niyaro’, o todong to ngodo ci mama Ngaroan konian, saka Cingaroan han ko ngangan no niyaro’.
Itiniay i Fenglin(鳯林) Cen no Hualien(花蓮縣) ko Cingaroan a niyaro’, 338 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 884 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
61% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 537 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 39% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 347 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)54%, Truku(太魯閣族)1%, Saysiyat(賽夏族)1%, roma(其他)4%.
Ira ko picodadan(鳳信國小、吉娜魯岸部落圖書資訊站) i niyaro’.
mihomongay
Sakaira no tilid:
1.“Likisi no Cingaloan niyaro’”, o pipakimad ni Afo Amid, tomok ni niyaro’, milicayay: ci Rengos Fosay, romi’ad: 2018/8/3herekno lahok 2:30, i loma’ ni Afo Amid. Milosimetay/mitiliday: ci Masao Nikar. I 2022/9/6
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Masilid
Masilid（北葉部落）
Itiniay i Majia(瑪家) Cen no Pingtung(屏東縣) ko Masilid a niyaro’, 334 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 994 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
95% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 946 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 5% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i,  48 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Paiwan(排灣族)90%, Amis(阿美族)1%, Rukai(魯凱族)3%, roma(其他)1%.
Ira ko picodadan(北葉國小、北葉國小附幼、VUSAM圖書館、佳義部落文化資訊站) i niyaro’.
Ira ko kofa(內埔瑪家鄉戶政所、瑪家鄉文化中心) i niyaro’.
Belarus
Tahapinagan aTilid (參考文獻)
[18] 白俄罗斯历史文化. iExplore.com. [2006-03-26]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-09）.
[19] Belarus – Prelude to Independence. Library of Congress. Countrystudies.us. [2013-04-29]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-10）.
[20] World Factbook: Belarus. Central Intelligence Agency. 1994-10-20 [2007-12-21]. （原始內容 (TXT)存檔於2013-07-26）.
[21] Fedor, Helen. Belarus – Prelude to Independence. Belarus: A Country Study. Library of Congress. 1995 [2007-12-22]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-10）.
[22] Essential Background – Belarus. Human Rights Watch. 2005 [2006-03-26]. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-13）.
[23] Burkhardt F. (2016). "Belarus". In Fruhstorfer A.; Hein M. (eds.). Constitutional Politics in Central and Eastern Europe. Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft. Springer VS. pp. 463–493. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-13762-5_19. ISBN 978-3-658-13761-8.
[24] World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019. IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. [13 August 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-25）
[25] Belarus in Figures, 2016. [2020-08-16]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-31）.
[26] World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019. IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. [13 August 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-25）
[27] Belarus in Figures, 2016. [2020-08-16]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-31）.
[28] Religion and denominations in the Republic of Belarus (PDF). Mfa.gov.by. November 2011 [2017-01-10]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-10-14）
[29] 中国外交部. [2004-04-08]. （原始內容存檔於2004-03-02）.
Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
· 白俄羅斯總統府網站 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Petro Poroshenko
Petro Poroshenko
Masilid
Ira ko imeng(內埔分局瑪家分駐所) i niyaro’.
Qyuws
Qyuws（下田埔部落）
Masilid
Ira ko paisingan(瑪家鄉衛生室) i niyaro’.
Qyuws
Itiniay i Jianshi Cen no Hsinchu ko Qyuws a niyaro’, 88  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 399 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Masilid
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Qyuws
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Tayal92%, Amis0.5%, Rukai0.5%, roma2%.
Ira ko picodadan(秀巒國小田埔部落圖書室) i niyaro’.
Ira ko kofa(新竹縣消防局尖石消防分隊田埔消防站) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Petro Poroshenko
thumb|Official portrait of Petro Poroshenko|alt=Official portrait of Petro Poroshenko.jpg
Belarus
Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
·  白俄羅斯政府網站 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Seljupetje
Seljupetje（南田部落）
Belarus
Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
·  白俄羅斯國家銀行網站 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Seljupetje
Itiniay i Daren Cen no Taitung ko Seljupetje a niyaro’, 30  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  59 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Belarus
Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
·  白俄羅斯外交部網站 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Seljupetje
64% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 38  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 36% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  21 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Paiwan59%, Amis3%, Puyuma2%.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Belarus
Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
·  白俄羅斯華人論壇
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Sadipongan
Pangangan 三間屋名稱由來
Sadipongan a niyaro',
Tamdaw 人口
Itiniay i Changbin Cen no Taitung ko Sadipongan a niyaro’, 114 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 254 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
38% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 97  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 62% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 157 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Amis36%, roma2%.
Ira ko picodadan(三間國小) i niyaro’.
Ira ko imeng(成功分局三間派出所) i niyaro’.
Petro Poroshenko
I 1965 a miheca saka 9 folad saka 26 a romi’ad masofoc ci Petro Poroshenko, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
Sadipongan
O kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Petro Poroshenko
O Sawara’an no kitakit no Ukraine anini i ci Petro Poroshenko, patirengan a romi’ad i 2014 a miheca saka 6 folad saka 7 a romi’ad. His presidential term ended on 20 May 2019.
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
François Hollande
thumb|François Hollande - 2017 (27869823159)|alt=François Hollande - 2017 (27869823159).jpg
I 1954 a miheca(年) saka 8 folad saka 12 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci François Hollande, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no France(法國) anini i ci François Hollande, patirengan a romi’ad i 2012 a miheca saka 5 folad saka 15 a romi’ad. His presidential term ended on 14 May 2017.
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
O sakero no ’Amis
O sakero no ’Amis （阿美族舞蹈）
Sakero hananay no ’Amis ko kero, ira ko malikoda ato misalokiyaw hananay a kero. O malikoda hananay a kero i, o kero i kiloma’an anca o kero no fa’inayan. O misakoliyaw hananay a kero i, o kero to anohacowa sapikeroaw, kaacangan, pipakay’ifan, o piingkayan to malasofitay a fa’inayan; o kero no fafahiyan sanay ko roma a ngangan nira. Nga’ayay minanam a makero ko fafahiyan to kero no likoda, kaorira, cowa pinanam ko fa’inayan to kero no misakoliyway.
O kero no ’Amis, ira ko kero cowa kaeca awa ko radiw. O matengilay a radiw to “mihamhamay to lafang”, “kadofah” hananay a kero i, o niharatengan ato nipangangan no aniniay a tamdaw kora. O kalalecad ato cowa kalecad no kero i, o radiw kora sakaeca a lalecad naira, o radiw i, iraay to ko sakakero nira a kero.
Pi’arawan to lakaw
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Narowan
O ngangan no Narowan (娜魯灣部落由來)
O ngangan no Narowan, i tiyaho i 1970 a mihecaan, paniyaro' ko kitakit to niyaro' no finawlan. O kalaradiway a finacadan ko 'Amis, orasaka ora narowan iya narowan hananay a radiw, todong han no ’Aims to ngangan to Narowan. O lekakaw no Pangcah i pipangangan i, milingangan to radiwan, mato ya ngangan no Narowan, na ititini i a dadiwan  Narowan ira NarowanNarowan ira Narowan~,  o matiniay pipangangaan i padotocay to ngangan sanay. o tatodong nonini midotocay to ngangan no to’as,, malo saka fana’ no cowcow a tamdaw kiso sanay.
O kasiikedan no niyaro' (部落特色)
O Narowan a riyaro’, o mamangay a niyaro’i ilaloma'ay no Ruysuy-syang (瑞穗鄉 sowal no holam ) no Hualien-siyen (花蓮縣 sowal no holam ) ko Narowan, itiniay i sa’amisan ira ko 瑞美, i satimolan ira ko 瑞穗 a niyaro’. ira ko cecay a patirengan a talo’an ilaloma’, onini a talo’an o kasa’opoan no kasaselal, pilikakawaan to dademaken ato kalacecayan a mitayal no finawlan, oni ni a talo’an tatiih a awa itini i niyaro’. O lekakaw no Pangcah i pipangangan i, ira ko kalalecadan mingangan to nano to’as a rayray ko pangangan, malo saka fana’ no cowacowa a tamdaw o niyaro no kako sanay. mato Narowan a niyaro’, o dado'edo a radiw no loma' konini.
O finacadan no Yincomi (所屬阿美族群)
O Siwkolan a ’amis han ko Narowan a niyaro', na itira i tarawadaw no Kalingko talatimol tangasa i Cilamitay, nawhani maemin paniyaro’ i lawac no Siwkolan a tarawadaw sa mapangangan to Siwkolan a ’amis. i tiniay i Ruysuy-syang (瑞穗鄉 sowal no holam ) no Hualien-siyen (花蓮縣 sowal no holam ) ko Atolan a niyaro’,  Itiniay i sa’amisan ira ko Fata’an, i satimolan ira ko Posko. iraay to Kiwit a niyaro’, Olaw a niyaro’, Olalip niyaro’, Kalala a niyaro’, Sapat a niyaro’, Atolan a niyaro’, Langas a niyaro’, Lacihakan a niyaro’, Ukang a niyaro’ , Narowan a niyaro’ , Morocan a niyaro’ ato Koyo a niyaro, tosa ko safaw a niyaro’ ko kasaniyaro’aro’ i Ruysuy-syang.
O pitooran no finawlan (族人信仰)
O pitooran ko finawlan no Atolan i, ora ma’araway a kiwkay i, ira ko tosa a kinkay i Narowan, o tingsikiw ato ciwlokiwkay, o ciwlokiwkay a tamdaw ko ka adihay. Mingodoay ko ‘Amis a tamdaw to to'as a kawas, kalimelaan ko sowal no Kawas to sakafana’ to ’orip no tamdaw, ato awaay to ko kaka to nikafana’to codad how i, itini i ira ko pitooran ngara, pakayni sa’opo no kinkay, malosakarikec sto sakarakat no ’orip no Yincumin.
Narowan（娜魯灣部落）
Itiniay i Ruisui(瑞穗) Cen no Hualien(花蓮) ko Narowan a niyaro’, 814 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 2,080 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
22% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 457 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 78% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i, 1,623 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)17%, 撒奇拉雅族1%, Truku(太魯閣族)1%, Tayal(泰雅族)1%, Bunun(布農族)1%.
Ira ko picodadan(瑞美國小) i niyaro’.
Ira ko kofa(花蓮消防局瑞穗分隊、瑞穗郵局) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Kalatadrang
Kalatadrang（卡拉達蘭部落）
Cipurungan
Cipurungan（隆興部落）
Kalatadrang
Itiniay i Jinfeng(金峰) Cen no Taitung(台東縣) ko Kalatadrang a niyaro’, 69  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 230 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Cipurungan
Itiniay i Guanshan(關山) Cen no Taitung(台東縣) ko Cipurungan a niyaro’, 149 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 430 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Haciliwan
O ngangan no Haciliwan (八里灣部落由來)
Haciliwan, o niyaro’no pangcah i Fakong. ira ko pakayni itini‘ayaway, pakayni i likisi no Haciliwan, caay kanga’ay a komaen koya mapalomaay a konga I tiyaho. saka pangangan han nganra o “ Haciliwan”. o roma sato ira haca nipasowalay, yo o riyar ko Cepo’ i ‘ayaw ho. nanoya sarara sato a malahedaw ko nanom, naikoran to no tapelik a matapesi’ oya to koya sa’owac, ’alo, o masahefongay o tarawadaw to. sa paloma' ko to’as i Haciliwan, nanoya pakayni i Haciliwan malinah ko finawlan. onini a sera, o satapangan no masaPangcah.
Cipurungan
37% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 157 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 63% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 273 ko tamdaw.
Kalatadrang
93% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 214 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 7% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,  16 ko tamdaw.
Haciliwan
O kasiikedan no niyaro’ (部落特色)
I sa'amisan no Haciliwan a pala, i sakatimol no (sowal no Holam) Fengbin ’alo ko apilipilisan. nanilotokay minengneg ko Haciliwan, maa’araw ita mapatakecay no paliwan ’alo, manengneng iso ko fangcalay a niyaro’ no Haciliwan. tona mahecad ko nganagan no konga, saka mapangangan ko Haciliwan. i‘ayaw o Ripong ko mikowanany itini i, ano mangalay tayra i picodadan no Fengbin ato mimaanman, milacal to folo a lokiyol no riyar ko ittiniay a tamdaw. o roma i, sapifoting a rayray no Haciliwan, o tapas no mita no pangcah, misa'et to nanom no 'alo iti:yaho. orasaka, i tiniay i Haciliwan a lomowad ko misa'et to ‘alo hananay a rayray no demak a mifoting. mipasifana' to misa'et to ‘alo a demak kokakita'an, ala han nganra ko impi a mikarkar to kali. Sooten nangra to ma'icangay a talod、fonak ato fekeloh ko ngoyos noya ‘alo, talahan to no finwlan ko kakerah no nanom no cepo'.
Tjatjigel
Tjatjigel（喳其格勒部落）
Haciliwan
O nikalopisak no Haciliwan (人口分佈)
Itiniay i Fengbin(豐濱) Cen no Hualien(花蓮) ko Haciliwan a niyaro’, 28  ko sa’osi no parod no loma’,  79 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Cipurungan
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)32%, Bunun(布農族)3%, roma(其他)1%.
Tjatjigel
Itiniay i Taimali Cen no Taitung ko Tjatjigel a niyaro’, 354 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 780 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
Kalatadrang
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko.
Haciliwan
O nikalopisak no Haciliwan (人口分佈)
97% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 77  ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 3% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i,   2 ko tamdaw.
Cipurungan
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Haciliwan
O nikalopisak no Haciliwan (人口分佈)
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko 'Amis(阿美族)94%, roma(其他)3%.
O finacadan no Yincomin (所屬阿美族群)
Itini i nowalian a lotok, mililis to riyar, mifater to Kalingko na itira i Fakong talatimol tangasa i Madawdaw, saka pasawali a 'Amis/Pangcah han. o pasawalian a Pangcah han, o sa’alomanay a finacadan no Yincomin i Taywan.
o Pikafitan i Papotal(外部連接)
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Kalatadrang
Ira ko picodadan(介達國小) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Tjatjigel
79% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin, polong han i, 616 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 21% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong han i, 164 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan i, ko Amis11%, Paiwan66%, Puyuma1%, roma1%.
Ira ko picodadan(大溪國小、大溪國小附幼) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Natawran
Natawran（那荳蘭部落）
Itiniay i Ji’an(吉安) Cen no Hualien(花蓮) ko Natawran a niyaro’, 1,761 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 4,923 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
30% ko ka’aloman(多的) no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 1,491 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 70% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i, 3,432 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Amis(阿美族)27%, Truku(太魯閣族)1%, Bunun(布農族)0.5%, Paiwan(排灣族)0.5%.
Trần Đại Quang
Trần Đại Quang
Natawran
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Trần Đại Quang
I 1956 a miheca saka 10 folad saka 12 a romi’ad masofoc ci Trần Đại Quang, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
O Sawara’an no kitakit no Vietnam anini i ci Trần Đại Quang, patirengan a romi’ad i 2016 a miheca saka 4 folad saka 2 a romi’ad.
No papotalay a kakafit
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Kinyawpan
Kinyawpan（羅浮部落）
Itiniay i Fuxing(復興) Cen no Taoyuan(桃園) ko Kinyawpan a niyaro’, 245 ko sa’osi no parod no loma’, 667 ko sa’osi no tamdaw.
62% ko ka’aloman no Yincomin(原住民), polong han i, 411 ko tamdaw; o roma sato i, 38% ko ka’aloman no roma a finacadan, polong(全部) han i, 256 ko tamdaw.
O pa-sin-to(百分比) no ka’aloman no tamdaw no kasafinacadan(族群) i, ko Tayal(泰雅族)58%, Cou(鄒族)1%, Paiwan(排灣族)1%, roma(其他)1%.
Ira ko picodadan(羅浮國小、羅浮國小附幼) i niyaro’.
Ira ko imeng(大溪分局羅浮派出所) i niyaro’.
o kasadakan no lihaf
Kasasiwasiw:Farangaw 'Amis
Brahim Ghali
Brahim Ghali(卜拉欣·加利)
Pulasin-Kali( Arapiya a sowal:إبراهيم غالي‎；Kuwaping a sowal:卜拉欣·加利)
I 1949 a miheca(年) saka 9 folad saka 16 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Brahim Ghali, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) no Salawi-Arapiya Finawlan-Kapolong Kitakit ( Arapiya a sowal:الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية ا   لديمقراطية ; Sipanya a sowal;  República Árabe Saharaui Democrática，SADR; Kuwaping a sowal:撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國) o kallopitahidang 0 West sahara;西撒哈拉) anini i ci Brahim Ghali, patirengan a romi’ad i 2016 a miheca saka 7 folad saka 9 a romi’ad.
No papotalay a kakafit 外部連結
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis
Dominica republic
Dominica（多米尼克）O Tominika Kapolonga Kitakit(Kuwaping a sowal:多米尼加共和国; Sipanya a sowal:República Dominicana)
縮圖|Flag of the Dominican Republic
Dominican republic（多明尼加）
thumb|Flag of Dominican Republic|alt=Flag of Dominican Republic thumb|Location of Dominican Republic
Itini i 19 00 N, 70 40 W, noNotimolan Amilika ko Dominican republic. Polong no sekalay i 48,670 sq km “saka 132 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 48,320 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 350 sq km ” Polong i 10,606,865 ko tamdaw.
sera(土地)
Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 51.50%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 40.80%, malo no roma to a sera 7.70%.
siyoto(首都)
O [Santo Domingo(聖多明哥) ko Siyoto.
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakatosa 27 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Danilo Medina(達尼洛·梅迪納), patirengan a romi’ad i 2012 a miheca(年) saka 4 folad saka 16 a romi’ad.
Yincumin a mihecahecaan(原住時期)
縮圖|O fafahiyan no Arawak tamdaw(Arowak woman by John Gabriel Stedman)O itinitiniay a maro’ a tamdaw ’i, o cecay a ngasaw no Alawako a Tayno Finacadan ato roma a maro’ay I KaropiRiyar a tamdaw. O pipangangan nangra to ni’aroan a pala o Kiskeya anoca Quisqueya, o imi nonini ‘i, o “wina no pala” sanay,sa mapasadak i radiw no kitakit. Itiya ho o ‘orip no Tayno tamdaw o maomahay, mifotingay ato mikipalapalaay miala to kakaenen. I 1492 miheca o takalay a sa’osi to tamdaw no Tayno Finacadan, ira ko 10 ‘ofad latek 200 ‘ofad ko tamdaw. Itiya ho iraay ko lalima a sakowan no kakita’an, rayray han: Marién、Maguá、Maguana、Jaragua、Higüey. Ila’eno nonini a sokowan no kakita’an iraho ko mamangay a kakita’an a sakowan,oya faco no kitakit o mipafeliay to dafong i kakita’an,ona nipafelian a dafong ira ko nipaloma’an a losay.
Nikowan ko Fransu(西班牙統治1492-1795)
O nihakelongan ni Kolompo a mikalic i tamina a tamdaw cisafaw ko 90 tamdaw, macakat i sa’amisan no Sipanya Kanatal,oya sa maro’ay itini a Tayno tamdaw pakanengneng tona kohecalay tamdaw, palakawas han nangra a mih amham a misalafang. Nawhani, matatifacay tato ko kasasiroma no ‘orip,faheka ko itiniay a yincumin to ca’edong nona Yoropa a tamdaw,pangangan to “guamikena” o nipahepoan sanay ko imi nona sowal. Oya kakita’an no Marién ci Kuwakanakalikos(Guacanagarix) wata ko pataheka a mihamham tona Yoropa a tamdaw, pafelien ho to dafong,onini ko ka’enep no Sipanya a tamdaw, kaloparanaan han to nangra itini ta nani itini to matenak ko picowat to i KaropiRiyar ato Amirika Karopaw. Na macakat ci Korompo ato nihakerongan ningra atamdaw tona kanatal, palakolien nangra ko yincumin, ano ira ko caay ka pitengil to sowal no Sipanya,makal’ang a patayen, ira ko milaliway tayra i Kupa. Tayno a Finacadan awaay ko saptaker to nihakelongan no Sipanya a lifong,misapades ho ko Sipanya a tamdaw, yo pikowanan no Sipanya to 30 mihecaan, o tandaw no Tayno nani 40 ‘ofad lahedaw sa 3000 aca ko ma’osaway. Anini sato awa awa to ko mitilidan pakayni to Tayno Finacadan, mahadefekay to a malahedaw. O ma’osaway edeng no nikonisan no Tayno tamdaw i dihidihian. Orasaka awa to ko mamaomah, itira to a mipacomod to Afrika a tamdaw palakoli, I 1568 miheca a sa’osi o nopacomodan a tamdaw nani Afrika iraay to ko 2 ‘ofad, tayra to 19sici, iraay to ko 50 ‘ofad ko malakoliay a kohetingay tamdaw.
Frasu a pikowan(法國統治1795-1801)
Yo ma’eco tono Sipanya ko Sipanya Kanatal Malomicowatan a Sakowan, palowid heca a mitekop to Acitiko Hontian Kitakit ato Inka Hontian Kitakit ko Sipanya, pasitira to Amirika Karopaw ko pisakakahad a micowat to pala, ca sato kalingwaen ko Sipanya Kanatal.
Itira to ko Fransu a papiforaw a tayni ko maomahay ato mipatiyamay, i 1677 miheca latek ira to ko 4000 ko tamdaw no Fransu itini. I 1697 miheca matatilid ko Fransu ato Sipanya to kakaketonan, mihay ko Sipanya to pikowan no Fransu tona pala. 縮圖|Tamdaw no Tominika (Friendly Folk on the Street - San Jose de Ocoa - Dominican Republic)
Misiiked(獨立1844)
Oya itiraay i TatapanganTokay(syoto:Sietominko)ko sofoc ci Foan Papolo Towato misafaloco’ to sapisiikedaw no Sietominko, i 1838 miheca patireng to Malacecayay ko Tatoloay(La Trinitaria; 三位一體會) hananay a Rekad, ona Malacecayay ko Tatoloay sanay ‘i, malotahapinangan a sowal no Tominika kitakit tora「Wama I kakarayan」(上帝),「kasofocan niyaro’」(故鄉),「paifaloco’ay a ‘orip」(自由).
O kimpo no Tominika nipasasotiri’an tono Amirika a kimpo a misanga’, i 1844 miheca saka 11 folad saka 6 folad malaheci ta milekal to pisatapang nona kimpo.
Yo misiiked to ko Tominika, colacila mafolaw no fiyaw a kitakit Hayti, o malacongtongay ci Pico Sangtana mikitira i Sipanya nga’ caka fodfod no Hayti saan, yo malacongtong ci Payce pasitira a Fransu mikicocom, toikor matateko ato Amirika saan, caka hayen no finawlan, caka laheci ko nisafaloco’an ningra.
Mitaker mi’eco ko Amirika(美國的干預和佔領)
O congtong no Amirika ci Siawto Rosofo calemcem to sapitekeraw no Yoropa to demak no Amirika, hatiyatiyaay ‘i, o sapipa’adingaw to tala’ayaway ko pisanga’ to Panama Cilis, nilekal ci Rosofo congtong to MonroSiyuki (門羅主義; Ikiris a sowal:Monroe Doctrine), milalang to Yoropa matokitok a micowat to pala itini i Amirika Karopaw, ano ira heca ko micomoday a Yoropa, misa’icel ko Amirika a mifelih amilaplap.
Palapalaan(地理)
Itiraay i KaropiRiyar a Sipanya Kanatal ko kamaro’an no Tominika Kapolongan Kitakit,makilatolo no sepat nona kanatal, o dadahal i,48,670km², ikaka no Taywan to 1.33 km²(Taywa 3,3000 km²). Naniwali tara’etip latek ira ko 390 km², nanitimol tara’amis ira ko 265 km². Isaka’etip malafiyaway ato Hayti kitakit, o kalala’ed nona tosa a kitakit ira ko 360kilo, isakawali malala’ed ato Potoriko to Momna Riyaran a Ta'eman, isakamis o Tasiyang Riyar. 縮圖|Lilis no riyar (Playa Bavaro) O tamdaw ato dadahal no sera no Tominika mido’edo’ay to Kupa.ora kamaro’an a Sipanya Kanatal tosaay ko kitakit o Tominika ato Hayti ko maro’ay.
Kanatal ato tafotafokan a faniyot(島嶼和沙洲)
I riyar no Tominika adihay ko mamangay a kanatal ato tafotafokan a faniyot, ilaloma’ nonini ‘i, o itiraay I kawali no sakatimol, o cinganganay a pihololan a Sawna kanatal(Kuwaping a sowal:紹納島; Sipanya a sowal: Isla Saona) ato i kawaliay no saka’etip Piata kanatal(Kuwaping a sowal:貝阿塔島; Sipanya a sowal: Isla Beata).
Isaka’amisan a pala nani Tatapangan Tokay o syoto 100kilo tahira i 200 kilo ira ko tolo a tafotafokan a faniyot, oninian o madado’edoay nani Pahama katakitatan, o Kerismas Tafotafokan a Faniyot, Masa’ekimay Tafotafokan a Faniyot ato Mociyoir (Mouchoir沙洲), o I’ayaway tosa a faniypot cisakowanay ko Tominika kitakit.
Tokotokosan ato dafdaf (山脈和平原)
O itiraay i ka’amis ato sifo’ay a lotok, o ci’afoay a sera, o SioKasasaowac hananay konini a pangangan. O sahetoay maomahay ko tamdaw no itiniay.
Nani tatapangan tokay a syoto Sietominko pasi’amis ko kasado'edo no kakahaday dafdaf,o Lalawacan no Karopi Riyar konini,itini adihay ko misatefosay. 縮圖|Inrikyulo Fanaw(07-05-11LagoEnriquilloDR)
’Alo(河川)
Patahtahay to ‘alo ko Tominika kitakit, ira ko sepat a rayray no ’alo, nani sasifo’an a lotolotokan a masadak o Piyako ’Alo(Yaque del Norte), o sakakaay a ’alo no Tominika konini, o hananom no SioTa’eman, masadak i kihaw no Citosan tarariyar. Nani skawali no sasifo’an a lotolotokan a masadakay o Yina ’Alo(Yaque del Sur) marakt ko i sa’etipay a hontian rengorengosa a dafdaf (Vega Real), nani tini pasiwali no saka’amisay a Samana (Samaná)kihaw. I kakitmol no Sifo’an lotolotokan ira ko Satimolan Yako ’Alo (Yaque del Sur), o hananom no Siean Ta’eman, nani tini tayra to i Karipi Riyar ko rakat no nanom.Artifonito ’Alo (320 kilo ko kakaya’) o nani Sifo’an Lotolotokan a masadak ko nanom pasi’etip.
O sakakaay a fanaw no Tominika i, o Inrikyulo Fanaw (300 km²), itiraay i ka’etip no sakatimol, i la’enoay no tongroh no riyar ko aro’ nona fanaw to 40 laya’, ma’icangay ko romi’ad itini, ona fanaw matiyaay to riyar hahecid ko nanom,isalawacan no riyar adihay ko masafaniyotay a fanaw.
Tamdaw (人口)
I 2021 miheca saka2 folad a sa’osi no tamdaw no Tominika, ira ko 19091 ofad ko tamdaw (I 2002 miheca 856 ofad ko tamdaw), o katongalan to mihecaan 1.01%, o matafesiway ko 65 ko mihecaan a tamdaw kahaop ko 5.8% no polong a tamdaw no kitakit. o nikalecad no sofoc 22.65 no cecay a patek, o nikalecad no patay 5.3 no cecay a patek, o lalen no mihecaan 24.7 miheca, o lalen no fainayan 24.6 miheca, fafahiyan 24.8 miheca. O lalen mihecaan no patay 73.39 miheca.
Mahaop ko 11% a tamdaw no Tominika o telloc no Arika, i laloma’ no nini ’i, 16% ono Sipanya a teloc, 73% o taloc no Yoropa, Amirika ato Afrika. Ira ho ko papinapina teloc no Aciya, o Kuwaping ato Dipon a teloc, 1 %aca no polong a tamdaw no Tominika. O itinitiniay aca a tamdaw o yincumin no Tominika o Tayno finacadan malahedaway to, halokirok no sifo awaay to. ono Hayti a tamdaw maforaway a tayni ira ko 150 ofad ko tamdaw, ilaloma’ nonini ‘i, 50 ofad o mitakaway a maro’ itini.
O maforaway tayra i roma a kitakit a tamdaw no Tominika latek ira ko 100 ofad, haoto cecay loma’ ira ko salawinawina i roma a kitakit, o sakakaay kamaro’an nangra itiraay i Potoriko, isakawali no Amirika, ‘aloman i Sikako ato Niwyok a tokay.
Sowal(語言)
O sowal no Tominika a kitakit ono Sipangya a kasarayray sowal, nikawrira, marecep no maforaway nani Afrika a tamdaw, KaropiRiyar ato Amirika a punka, orasaka, o malasowalay to no itiniay a Sowal no Sipanya ato i Sipanyaay a sowal ira ko kasatongasod. O maforaway nani Hayti a tamdaw o Korior ko sowal, mangalefay i kasala’edan no kitakita. O itiraay i kawali no saka’amisan a Samana a pala nani 19 sici ira ko nani Amirikaay a teloc no Kohetingay tamdaw maro’ itini,o masasiromaay a sowal no Ikiris ko hasowal nangra.
O sowal no Sipanya itini, wataay ko kapisiwar no  sowal no Arawako Fincadan, orasak, sasiroma sa ko itiniay a Sipanya sowal. patinako han :caay ka pangiha'en ko s, o nga'ay ho sanay a sowal ¿Cómo tú estás? itira i Sioanya a sowal  ko mo to istas ? nikawrira, itini  'i, kotota? hananay  a somowal, tos 'i, o to hananay, mas 'i, ma hananay a somowal.
Itira i pilafinan no lafang i tokay ono Ikiris ko hasasowal, nikawrira, ano tayra i niyaro’ ono Sipanya to a sowal ko hasasowal.
O maro’ay itini a Kuwaping a tamdaw, sahetoay misakuwapingay cowa ka fana’ somowal to Sipanya a sowal, ano irairaay cowa ka hakowa ko mafana’ay tamdaw.
Punka(文化)
I saka 2 folad, o sakakaay a lisin no Tominika ira ko La Vega (鬼節), o kakahemekan no tamtamdaw konini a lisin, nani saka 2 folad tahira i saka 3 folad a saka enem no pilipayan, ira ko lawla kasaniyaniyaro’.
Belize
Pilicu - Belize（貝里斯）
Dominica republic
Punka(文化)
I tata’angay a tokay ira ko Palalifetan to Koko’, i kalo sakatolo ato sakaenem no pilipayan ira ko Palalifetan to koko’ a palalifet,mihayan no rikec ko pipakiyaw itini, tata’ang ko midemakan a payso, itaihi no Palalifetan to Koko’ ira ko pili’epahan, onini ’i,mato mala no tato’asan a kalawlaan no Tominika a tamdaw.
Belize
thumb|Hata no Pilicu thumb|BLZ orthographic
Takaray a sowal(概要):
Pilisu (Ikiris a sowal:Belize; Kuwaping a sowal:貝里斯)o malamicongacongay a Hontolasu a kitakit, itiraay itiraay i sakawalian no Sasifo’an no Amilika Karopaw, o siikeday a kitakit. Isakatimol ato isaka’etip mada’edo’edoay ato Kuwatimala, isakawali misa’ayaway to Kalepi riyar. Sato’edaw sanay ko faco nona kitakit, o kato’edaw i, 290 km, kakahad i, 110 km, itini i Sasifo’an a Amilika Karopaw i, o ‘edengan konini a kitakit ko caay ka pisi’ayaw to Rahidayay Riyar(Taypinyang).
Andrej Kiska
Andrej Kiska(安德烈·季斯卡)
Belize
Takaray a sowal(概要):
O polong a kakahad no sera i,22.800㎢, o tamdaw i,408,487 ko tamdaw(2019 sa’osi).
Andrej Kiska
thumb|Andrej Kiska in Senate of Poland|alt=Andrej Kiska in Senate of Poland.jpg
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf(艾倫·強森·瑟利夫)
Andrej Kiska
I 1963 a miheca(年) saka 2 folad saka 2 a romi’ad masofoc(出生) ci Andrej Kiska, malamikomoday a tamdaw.
Belize
Takaray a sowal(概要):
Ona kitakit macacamol to masasiromaromaay a sowal ato punka, o tahapinangan to kadofah no rikisi.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
thumb|Ellen Johnson Sirleaf February 2015|alt=Ellen Johnson Sirleaf February 2015.jpg
Belize
Takaray a sowal(概要):
Ono sifoan a sowal i,o Ikiris a sowal, nikawrira, ono winaan a sowal Koliol(Ikiris a sowal: Creole Language; Kaping a sowal:克里奧爾語) ko kalosowal to romi’ami’ad. O ninian to ko ira ko kalifatad a tamdaw mafana’ay a somowal to pinapina a sowal, o Sipanya a sowal ho kalasowal no tamtamdaw.