cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ari-yá urqu-pa-qa ___
Gloss (with missing item): yes-EMPH hill-LOC-TOP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:Yes, in the hills we ran out.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of the direct \phono{-mI}, all three forms, \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{-m-ik}, and \phono{m-iki}, indicate that the speaker has evidence from personal experience for the proposition immediately under the scope of the evidential. The \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} forms then indicate increases in the strength of that evidence, generally that it is increasingly immediate or definitive. For example, consultants explain, with \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she had seen the corpse, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she had actually been present when the person died. Or with \phono{para-ya-n} [rain-\lsc{prog}-3] ‘it’s raining’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she were observing the rain from inside through a window, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she were actually standing under the rain. (\ref{GloB:Ariya}) and~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) give naturally-occurring \phono{-m-iki} examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Ariya}) the speaker reports her girlhood experience working as a shepherdess in the \phono{puna} (high, cold, wet pasture grounds). What would run out on her was her matches. In~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) the speaker reports her experience with the Shining Path\index[sub]{Shining Path}, an armed Maoist group that terrorized the region in the 1980’s with its robberies, kidnappings and public executions. The fight she refers to is the battle between the Shining Path and the government Sinchis (commandos). In both examples, the speakers are reporting events they experienced with painful immediacy and with regard to which there are no more authoritative sources than themselves.\\
A: word: wayta-ku-nchik-chu	 gloss: flower-REFL-1PL-NEG
B: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
C: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
D: word: ni-nki-mi-ki	 gloss: say-2-EVD-IKI
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): huk visis-lla piliya-ra chay-paq ___
Gloss (with missing item): one times-RSTR fight-PST DEM.D-ABL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:They fought just once and then they disappeared.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of the direct \phono{-mI}, all three forms, \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{-m-ik}, and \phono{m-iki}, indicate that the speaker has evidence from personal experience for the proposition immediately under the scope of the evidential. The \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} forms then indicate increases in the strength of that evidence, generally that it is increasingly immediate or definitive. For example, consultants explain, with \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she had seen the corpse, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she had actually been present when the person died. Or with \phono{para-ya-n} [rain-\lsc{prog}-3] ‘it’s raining’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she were observing the rain from inside through a window, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she were actually standing under the rain. (\ref{GloB:Ariya}) and~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) give naturally-occurring \phono{-m-iki} examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Ariya}) the speaker reports her girlhood experience working as a shepherdess in the \phono{puna} (high, cold, wet pasture grounds). What would run out on her was her matches. In~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) the speaker reports her experience with the Shining Path\index[sub]{Shining Path}, an armed Maoist group that terrorized the region in the 1980’s with its robberies, kidnappings and public executions. The fight she refers to is the battle between the Shining Path and the government Sinchis (commandos). In both examples, the speakers are reporting events they experienced with painful immediacy and with regard to which there are no more authoritative sources than themselves.\\
A: word: chinka-ri-ya-n-ña-m	 gloss: lose-INCEP-PROG-3-DISC-EVD
B: word: qawa-mu-shaq	 gloss: look-CISL-1.FUT
C: word: chinka-ku-n	 gloss: lose-REFL-3
D: word: chinka-ku-ra-ña-m-iki	 gloss: lose-REFL-PST-DISC-EVD-IKI
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ari-yá urqu-pa-qa ___
Gloss (with missing item): yes-EMPH hill-LOC-TOP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:Yes, in the hills we ran out.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of the direct \phono{-mI}, all three forms, \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{-m-ik}, and \phono{m-iki}, indicate that the speaker has evidence from personal experience for the proposition immediately under the scope of the evidential. The \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} forms then indicate increases in the strength of that evidence, generally that it is increasingly immediate or definitive. For example, consultants explain, with \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she had seen the corpse, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she had actually been present when the person died. Or with \phono{para-ya-n} [rain-\lsc{prog}-3] ‘it’s raining’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she were observing the rain from inside through a window, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she were actually standing under the rain. (\ref{GloB:Ariya}) and~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) give naturally-occurring \phono{-m-iki} examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Ariya}) the speaker reports her girlhood experience working as a shepherdess in the \phono{puna} (high, cold, wet pasture grounds). What would run out on her was her matches. In~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) the speaker reports her experience with the Shining Path\index[sub]{Shining Path}, an armed Maoist group that terrorized the region in the 1980’s with its robberies, kidnappings and public executions. The fight she refers to is the battle between the Shining Path and the government Sinchis (commandos). In both examples, the speakers are reporting events they experienced with painful immediacy and with regard to which there are no more authoritative sources than themselves.\\
A: word: wayta-ku-nchik-chu	 gloss: flower-REFL-1PL-NEG
B: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
C: word: ni-nki-mi-ki	 gloss: say-2-EVD-IKI
D: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): huk visis-lla piliya-ra chay-paq ___
Gloss (with missing item): one times-RSTR fight-PST DEM.D-ABL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:They fought just once and then they disappeared.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the case of the direct \phono{-mI}, all three forms, \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{-m-ik}, and \phono{m-iki}, indicate that the speaker has evidence from personal experience for the proposition immediately under the scope of the evidential. The \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} forms then indicate increases in the strength of that evidence, generally that it is increasingly immediate or definitive. For example, consultants explain, with \phono{wañu-rqa-\uo} [die-\lsc{pst}-3] ‘died’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she had seen the corpse, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she had actually been present when the person died. Or with \phono{para-ya-n} [rain-\lsc{prog}-3] ‘it’s raining’, a speaker might use \phono{-mI-\uo} if she were observing the rain from inside through a window, while she would use \phono{-m-iki} if she were actually standing under the rain. (\ref{GloB:Ariya}) and~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) give naturally-occurring \phono{-m-iki} examples. In~(\ref{GloB:Ariya}) the speaker reports her girlhood experience working as a shepherdess in the \phono{puna} (high, cold, wet pasture grounds). What would run out on her was her matches. In~(\ref{GloB:Huk}) the speaker reports her experience with the Shining Path\index[sub]{Shining Path}, an armed Maoist group that terrorized the region in the 1980’s with its robberies, kidnappings and public executions. The fight she refers to is the battle between the Shining Path and the government Sinchis (commandos). In both examples, the speakers are reporting events they experienced with painful immediacy and with regard to which there are no more authoritative sources than themselves.\\
A: word: chinka-ku-ra-ña-m-iki	 gloss: lose-REFL-PST-DISC-EVD-IKI
B: word: chinka-ku-n	 gloss: lose-REFL-3
C: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
D: word: chinka-ri-ya-n-ña-m	 gloss: lose-INCEP-PROG-3-DISC-EVD
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yaku-ta-mi-ki qawa-mu-shaq
Gloss (with missing item): ___ water-ACC-EVD-IKI look-CISL-1.FUT
The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{the morpheme ___} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
A: word: riku-ru-shaq	 gloss: go-URGT-1.FUT
B: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
C: word: puri-shaq	 gloss: walk-1.FUT
D: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ri-shaq ___ qawa-mu-shaq
Gloss (with missing item): go-1.FUT ___ look-CISL-1.FUT
The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{ri-shaq} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
A: word: yaku-kta	 gloss: water-ACC
B: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
C: word: karga-ra-ya-n-ña-mi-ki	 gloss: carry-UNINT-INTENS-3-DISC-3-EVD-IKI
D: word: puchuka-paku-nchik-m-iki	 gloss: finish-MUTBEN-1PL-EVD-IKI
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ri-shaq yaku-ta-mi-ki ___
Gloss (with missing item): go-1.FUT water-ACC-EVD-IKI ___
The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{ri-shaq} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
A: word: kuti-mu-shaq	 gloss: return-CISL-1.FUT
B: word: qawa-mu-shaq	 gloss: look-CISL-1.FUT
C: word: anu-ya-n-ña-tr-iki	 gloss: wean-PROG-3-DISC-EVD-IKI
D: word: taka-paka-ra-mu-shaq	 gloss: beat-MUTBEN-CISL-1.FUT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yaku-ta-mi-ki qawa-mu-shaq
Gloss (with missing item): ___ water-ACC-EVD-IKI look-CISL-1.FUT
The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{the morpheme ___} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
A: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
B: word: puri-shaq	 gloss: walk-1.FUT
C: word: riku-ru-shaq	 gloss: go-URGT-1.FUT
D: word: ri-shaq	 gloss: go-1.FUT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Yauyos Quechua. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ri-shaq ___ qawa-mu-shaq
Gloss (with missing item): go-1.FUT ___ look-CISL-1.FUT
The English translation of this sentence is:I’m going to go. I’m going to take care of the water now.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In those cases in which \phono{-mI} takes scope over universal-deontic-modal or future-tense verbs, \phono{-k} and \phono{-ki} do not generally indicate an increase in evidence strength; rather, they indicate increasingly strong obligations and increasingly immediate futures, respectively. So, for example, under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, \phono{yanapa-na-y} [help-\lsc{nmlz}-1] receives a weak universal deontic interpretation, ‘I ought to help’. In contrast, under the scope of \phono{-m-ik} or \phono{-m-iki}, the same phrase receives increasingly strong universal interpretations, on the order of ‘I have to help’ and ‘I must help’, respectively. Under the scope of \phono{-mI-\uo}, the phrase is understood as something like a strong suggestion, while under \phono{-m-iki}, it is understood as a more urgent obligation. That is, here, \phono{-ik} and \phono{-iki} seem to do something like increase the degree of modal force, turning a weak universal modal into a strong one. This is the case, too, where \phono{-mI} takes scope over future-tense verbs. For example, explain consultants, in the case of the future-tense \phono{ri-shaq} [go-1.\lsc{fut}] ‘I will go’, a speaker might use\phono{-mI-\uo} if she were going to go at some unspecified, possibly very distant future time. In contrast, she might use \phono{-m-ik} if her going were imminent, and \phono{-m-iki} if she were already on her way. The speaker of~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}), for example, urgently needed to water her garden and had been on her way to do just that when she got caught up in the conversation. When she uttered~(\ref{GloB:yakuta}) she was, in fact, already in motion.\\
A: word: karga-ra-ya-n-ña-mi-ki	 gloss: carry-UNINT-INTENS-3-DISC-3-EVD-IKI
B: word: yaku-ta-mi-ki	 gloss: water-ACC-EVD-IKI
C: word: ashna-ku-lla-shaq-tri-ki	 gloss: smell-REFL-RSTR-1.FUT-EVC-IKI
D: word: yaku-kta	 gloss: water-ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B