cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 84:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): akum ___ akum=nï ndï=uta-na
Gloss (with missing item): basket ___ basket=OBL 3PL=grind-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`If there is basket, [they] scoop them with the basket.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Especially when needed to break up impossible \isi{consonant cluster}s, the \isi{locative verb} p- ‘be at’ may be realized \isi{phonetic}ally as [pï] when preceding the \isi{conditional} \isi{suffix} -ta ‘\textsc{cond}’, as in \REF{ex:verbs:94} and \REF{ex:verbs:95}.
A: word: mbï-p-ta	 gloss: here-be{-cond}
B: word: nga=p-ta	 gloss: SG.PROX=be{-cond}
C: word: ma=ni-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=beat-PFV
D: word: p-ta	 gloss: be{-cond}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 85:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): u=ul wandam ma i tï u kïkal ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG=with jungle go hand take 2SG ear ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`[They] will go to the jungle with you and box your ears with [their] hands.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While most verbs are composed of simply a single free root (plus, potentially, \is{bound morpheme} bound \isi{morphology} such as \isi{TAM} \isi{suffix}es, the \isi{detransitivizing} \isi{prefix} na- ‘\textsc{detr}’, or \isi{object-marker} \isi{proclitic}s), some can be analyzed as \isi{compound}s -- that is, consisting of more than one free morpheme. The final element of such \isi{compound}s (excluding any \isi{suffix}es) is always a \isi{verb stem}. The first element, on the other hand, may be either a noun \REF{ex:verbs:96} or another verb \REF{ex:verbs:97} (or perhaps a \isi{postposition}, although this may be analyzed otherwise).\footnote{Often it is not clear whether such a combination of non-bound morphemes should best be analyzed as a \isi{compound}. A noun preceding a verb, for example, could simply be the object of the verb. Only when this noun-plus-verb combination permits a \isi{direct object} (or an \isi{object marker}) can it be said to be a \isi{compound}. Similarly, two \isi{verb stem}s in succession may be separate words that are \isi{coordinate}d \isi{paratactic}ally. A true \isi{compound} verb consisting of two verbal elements, however, should permit only one \isi{object marker} (that is, the \isi{object marker} should affix to the beginning of the first member of the \isi{compound}). Often, series of \isi{postposition}-plus-verb-stem seem very much like \isi{compound} verbs, especially when considering their \isi{phonological} tendency to coalesce and reduce. However, there are few if any \isi{morphosyntactic} tests to prove that such forms are true compounds.}
A: word: won-la-ka-na	 gloss: cut-IRR-let-IRR
B: word: we-lo-nda	 gloss: cut-cut-IRR
C: word: ndï=wat-lo-nda	 gloss: 3PL=atop-cut-IRR
D: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 86:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an kaw ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL song ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We danced the song.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Compound verbs may contain nouns as their first element. Evidence that these forms are single (though polymorphemic) \isi{lexical} items comes from the fact that they permit \isi{object marker}s (preceding the entire word) and \isi{TAM} \isi{suffix}es (following the entire word). Examples of noun-plus-verb verbal compounds are given in \REF{ex:verbs:98}, \REF{ex:verbs:99}, and \REF{ex:verbs:100}.
A: word: ndï=wana-nda	 gloss: 3PL=cook-IRR
B: word: ma=wutï-ni-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=leg-beat-PFV
C: word: wutï-ni-n	 gloss: leg-beat-IMP
D: word: ma=alima-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=beat-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 87:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï tïn ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG dog ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I smelled the dog.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Compound verbs may contain nouns as their first element. Evidence that these forms are single (though polymorphemic) \isi{lexical} items comes from the fact that they permit \isi{object marker}s (preceding the entire word) and \isi{TAM} \isi{suffix}es (following the entire word). Examples of noun-plus-verb verbal compounds are given in \REF{ex:verbs:98}, \REF{ex:verbs:99}, and \REF{ex:verbs:100}.
A: word: na-ta-na-t-e	 gloss: DETR-say-IRR-SPEC-DEP
B: word: ma=nambït-wana	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=odor-feel
C: word: anda=tï-n-e	 gloss: SG.DIST=take-PFV-DEP
D: word: nï=nambït-wana	 gloss: 1SG=odor-feel
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 88:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï angos tï-na na-kï-p ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL what take-IRR DETR-say-PFV ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`[When] they wanted to get something, [they] called us.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that in example \REF{ex:verbs:98} the verb is analyzed as containing not only a nominal element, but also two verbal elements. Similar constructions with ‘put’ verbs are discussed in \sectref{sec:9.2.2}. Additional examples of \isi{compound} verbs consisting of two verb roots are given in \REF{ex:verbs:101} and \REF{ex:verbs:102}. Only the final element receives \isi{TAM} marking.
A: word: na-kï-p	 gloss: DETR-say-PFV
B: word: an=wana-kï-p	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=feel-say-PFV
C: word: ma=kï-na-t-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=say-IRR-SPEC-DEP
D: word: an=kï-p	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=say-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 89:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ na-i
Gloss (with missing item): ___ DETR-go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Calling to each other, they went.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that in example \REF{ex:verbs:98} the verb is analyzed as containing not only a nominal element, but also two verbal elements. Similar constructions with ‘put’ verbs are discussed in \sectref{sec:9.2.2}. Additional examples of \isi{compound} verbs consisting of two verb roots are given in \REF{ex:verbs:101} and \REF{ex:verbs:102}. Only the final element receives \isi{TAM} marking.
A: word: uni-p-e	 gloss: shout-PFV-DEP
B: word: ndï=ama-p-ap-e	 gloss: 3PL=eat-PFV-PFV-DEP
C: word: ndï=wana-uni-e	 gloss: 3PL=feel-shout-IPFV
D: word: ambla=wana-uni-e	 gloss: PL.REFL=feel-shout{-dep}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 90:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï kenmbu ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG problem ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I thought about the problem.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Compound verbs can be even more complex, containing whole \isi{postpositional phrase}s (that is, units composed of noun-plus-\isi{postposition}). Examples \REF{ex:verbs:103} and \REF{ex:verbs:104} contain the relatively prototypical noun ina ‘liver’; example \REF{ex:verbs:105}, on the other hand, includes as the object of the \isi{postposition} a \isi{semantic}ally verb-like noun, top ‘throw’.
A: word: ndï=ina-ka-wana	 gloss: 3PL=liver-at-feel
B: word: nï=ina-ka-wana	 gloss: 1SG=liver-at-feel
C: word: ni-p	 gloss: die-PFV
D: word: ma=ina-ka-wana	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=liver-at-feel
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 91:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nungolke ngala ango ___
Gloss (with missing item): child PL.PROX NEG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`But these children aren’t thinking about them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Compound verbs can be even more complex, containing whole \isi{postpositional phrase}s (that is, units composed of noun-plus-\isi{postposition}). Examples \REF{ex:verbs:103} and \REF{ex:verbs:104} contain the relatively prototypical noun ina ‘liver’; example \REF{ex:verbs:105}, on the other hand, includes as the object of the \isi{postposition} a \isi{semantic}ally verb-like noun, top ‘throw’.
A: word: nï=ina-ka-wana	 gloss: 1SG=liver-at-feel
B: word: ma=ina-ka-wana	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=liver-at-feel
C: word: ma-na-t	 gloss: go-IRR-SPEC
D: word: ndï=ina-ka-wana	 gloss: 3PL=liver-at-feel
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 92:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I’ve forgotten.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Compound verbs can be even more complex, containing whole \isi{postpositional phrase}s (that is, units composed of noun-plus-\isi{postposition}). Examples \REF{ex:verbs:103} and \REF{ex:verbs:104} contain the relatively prototypical noun ina ‘liver’; example \REF{ex:verbs:105}, on the other hand, includes as the object of the \isi{postposition} a \isi{semantic}ally verb-like noun, top ‘throw’.
A: word: nï=na-ta	 gloss: 1SG=give-COND
B: word: na-ta	 gloss: DETR-say
C: word: na-top-in-ka	 gloss: DETR-throw-in-let
D: word: ma=ama-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 93:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): atana mï ko ___
Gloss (with missing item): older.sister 3SG.SUBJ just ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The older sister disapproved of it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some compounds may be composed of just \isi{postposition}s and verbs. While there often seems to be a close connection (both \isi{semantic} and \isi{phonological}) between these two elements, it is difficult to prove that they indeed form compounds. Although in sentences such as \REF{ex:verbs:106}, they are glossed as \isi{transitive} \isi{compound} verbs with \isi{direct object}s, they could alternatively be analyzed as series of \isi{postpositional phrase}s (which contain objects of the \isi{postposition}) and \isi{intransitive} verbs (having no objects of their own).
A: word: ma=kamb	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=shun
B: word: ma=ala-kamb	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=from-shun
C: word: ma=ala-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=see-DEP
D: word: p-ta	 gloss: be{-cond}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 94:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï=n u-nji uta ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL=OBL 2SG-POSS shell ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`[They] put them in your dish.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb u- ‘put’ usually takes a \isi{goal} argument as its \isi{direct object} (i.e., it does not have the same \isi{semantics} or argument structure as \ili{English} put, \sectref{sec:9.2.2}). In \REF{ex:verbs:107}, the \isi{goal} argument directly precedes the possible \isi{compound} inu- ‘put in’.
A: word: ma=in-lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in-put-PFV
B: word: angos	 gloss: what
C: word: ma=in-u-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in-put-PFV
D: word: ma=lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=put-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 95:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï amun ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL now ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`They have just now cleared them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form watlo- ‘clear (as land of rubbish, foliage, etc.)’, composed of the \isi{postposition} wat ‘atop’ and a form of the verb lo- ‘cut’, is also possibly a \isi{compound}. Examples \REF{ex:verbs:108} and \REF{ex:verbs:109} illustrate watlo- ‘clear’ as it appears to function as a \isi{compound} verb.
A: word: ndï=wat-lo-p-e	 gloss: 3PL=atop-cut-PFV-DEP
B: word: ndï=wat-lï-p-e	 gloss: 3PL=atop-put-PFV-DEP
C: word: ndï=wat-lo-nda	 gloss: 3PL=atop-cut-IRR
D: word: sa-e	 gloss: cry-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 96:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ma=p-e ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG 3SG.OBJ=be{-dep} ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I cleared them there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The form watlo- ‘clear (as land of rubbish, foliage, etc.)’, composed of the \isi{postposition} wat ‘atop’ and a form of the verb lo- ‘cut’, is also possibly a \isi{compound}. Examples \REF{ex:verbs:108} and \REF{ex:verbs:109} illustrate watlo- ‘clear’ as it appears to function as a \isi{compound} verb.
A: word: ndï=wat-lo-e	 gloss: 3PL=atop-cut-IPFV
B: word: ndï=wat-lo-nda	 gloss: 3PL=atop-cut-IRR
C: word: ndï=wali-e	 gloss: 3PL=hit-IPFV
D: word: nï=kï-p-ap	 gloss: 1SG=say-PFV-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A