cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan ndï=iya ma ndï=ul ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL 3PL=toward go 3PL=with ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Let’s go to them and fight with them [as allies]!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Also to be mentioned here is an interesting \isi{idiom}atic use of the \isi{reflexive} pronominal \isi{object marker} ambla= ‘\textsc{pl.refl}’. When used with the verb asa- {\textasciitilde} wali- ‘hit, kill’, this marker does not necessarily have a \isi{reflexive} (or reciprocal) sense, but rather gives the entire verb the \isi{intransitive} meaning ‘fight’ (as in battle). The object of fighting (the enemy) can be marked in a \isi{postpositional phrase} with the \isi{postposition} ul ‘with’. This can cause ambiguity not unlike what often occurs in \ili{English}, since this same \isi{postpositional phrase} can mark either enemies or allies.\footnote{Cf. \ili{English} sentences such as The English fought with the French.} Sentences \REF{ex:pron:26}, \REF{ex:pron:27}, and \REF{ex:pron:28} exemplify this use of the verb asa- {\textasciitilde} wali- ‘hit, kill’ with the \isi{reflexive} pronominal \isi{object marker} ambla= ‘\textsc{pl.refl}’.
A: word: ango-p	 gloss: pull.out-PFV
B: word: u-nji	 gloss: 2SG-POSS
C: word: ambla=wali-nda	 gloss: PL.REFL=hit-IRR
D: word: ambla=wali-n	 gloss: PL.REFL=hit-IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï=ul ndï=ul ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL=with 3PL=with ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`With them [= our allies] we fought with them [= our enemies].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Also to be mentioned here is an interesting \isi{idiom}atic use of the \isi{reflexive} pronominal \isi{object marker} ambla= ‘\textsc{pl.refl}’. When used with the verb asa- {\textasciitilde} wali- ‘hit, kill’, this marker does not necessarily have a \isi{reflexive} (or reciprocal) sense, but rather gives the entire verb the \isi{intransitive} meaning ‘fight’ (as in battle). The object of fighting (the enemy) can be marked in a \isi{postpositional phrase} with the \isi{postposition} ul ‘with’. This can cause ambiguity not unlike what often occurs in \ili{English}, since this same \isi{postpositional phrase} can mark either enemies or allies.\footnote{Cf. \ili{English} sentences such as The English fought with the French.} Sentences \REF{ex:pron:26}, \REF{ex:pron:27}, and \REF{ex:pron:28} exemplify this use of the verb asa- {\textasciitilde} wali- ‘hit, kill’ with the \isi{reflexive} pronominal \isi{object marker} ambla= ‘\textsc{pl.refl}’.
A: word: ambla=asa-p	 gloss: PL.REFL=hit-PFV
B: word: ambin=asa-p	 gloss: DU.REFL=hit-PFV
C: word: an=ala	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=see
D: word: ma=asa-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ngun ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2DU ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`You two know yourselves.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{dual} and \isi{plural} \isi{reflexive} pronouns may, alternatively, convey a reciprocal sense (i.e., ‘each other’, ‘one another’). There may thus arise ambiguity in meaning, typically clarified through context. For example, sentence \REF{ex:pron:19} could be interpreted either as having a \isi{reflexive} sense or as having a reciprocal sense (i.e., either ‘you two know each other’ or ‘you two know yourselves’). Examples of reciprocal meaning are given in sentences \REF{ex:pron:29} through \REF{ex:pron:34}.
A: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
B: word: nï=wat	 gloss: 1SG=atop
C: word: ambla=kalam=p-ta	 gloss: PL.REFL=knowledge=COP-COND
D: word: ambin=kalam=p	 gloss: DU.REFL=knowledge=COP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kolpe Womel min ___
Gloss (with missing item): [name] [name] 3DU ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kolpe and Womel fought each other.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{dual} and \isi{plural} \isi{reflexive} pronouns may, alternatively, convey a reciprocal sense (i.e., ‘each other’, ‘one another’). There may thus arise ambiguity in meaning, typically clarified through context. For example, sentence \REF{ex:pron:19} could be interpreted either as having a \isi{reflexive} sense or as having a reciprocal sense (i.e., either ‘you two know each other’ or ‘you two know yourselves’). Examples of reciprocal meaning are given in sentences \REF{ex:pron:29} through \REF{ex:pron:34}.
A: word: ambin=asa-p	 gloss: DU.REFL=hit-PFV
B: word: kwa	 gloss: one
C: word: ambla=asa-p	 gloss: PL.REFL=hit-PFV
D: word: min=asa-p	 gloss: 3DU=hit-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an ambi na-p-e an lïmndï ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL big DETR-be{-dep} 1PL.EXCL eye ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`When we had gotten big, we looked at one another.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{dual} and \isi{plural} \isi{reflexive} pronouns may, alternatively, convey a reciprocal sense (i.e., ‘each other’, ‘one another’). There may thus arise ambiguity in meaning, typically clarified through context. For example, sentence \REF{ex:pron:19} could be interpreted either as having a \isi{reflexive} sense or as having a reciprocal sense (i.e., either ‘you two know each other’ or ‘you two know yourselves’). Examples of reciprocal meaning are given in sentences \REF{ex:pron:29} through \REF{ex:pron:34}.
A: word: ndin	 gloss: 3DU?
B: word: ambla=ul	 gloss: PL.REFL=with
C: word: ambla=asa-p	 gloss: PL.REFL=hit-PFV
D: word: ambla=ala	 gloss: PL.REFL=see
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an lïmndï ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL eye ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We saw ourselves.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes a \isi{personal pronoun} occurs where a \isi{reflexive}/\isi{reciprocal} \isi{pronoun} may otherwise be expected. It is unclear whether this is a permissible variation in \isi{pronoun} use or an indication of \isi{grammatical attrition}. It is common with the verb ala- ‘see’, as in \REF{ex:pron:35} and \REF{ex:pron:36}.
A: word: andin=ala	 gloss: DU.DIST=see
B: word: an=ala	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=see
C: word: an=ul	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=with
D: word: ma-ambi=la-ka-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP=IRR-let-IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): olsem nï lïmndï ___
Gloss (with missing item): thus 1SG eye ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I see myself like this.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes a \isi{personal pronoun} occurs where a \isi{reflexive}/\isi{reciprocal} \isi{pronoun} may otherwise be expected. It is unclear whether this is a permissible variation in \isi{pronoun} use or an indication of \isi{grammatical attrition}. It is common with the verb ala- ‘see’, as in \REF{ex:pron:35} and \REF{ex:pron:36}.
A: word: nï=ala	 gloss: 1SG=see
B: word: ndï=ala	 gloss: 3PL=for
C: word: nï=ta	 gloss: 1SG=say
D: word: ma-ngusuwa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-poor
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:(a) ‘Someone died.’\\’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Indefinite} referents can be denoted by the \isi{numeral}/\isi{interrogative word} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___; who?; someits gloss ___’ when the referent is a human or by the \isi{phrase} nji the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___ thing, something’ when the referent is non-human, as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:pron:37} through \REF{ex:pron:40}.
A: word: kwa-nji	 gloss: one{-poss}
B: word: kwa	 gloss: one
C: word: ma-ambi	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP
D: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï lïmndï ___ kwa ala
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG eye ___ one see
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw something.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Indefinite} referents can be denoted by the \isi{numeral}/\isi{interrogative word} kwa ‘one; who?; someone’ when the referent is a human or by the \isi{phrase} the morpheme ___ kwa ‘one its gloss ___, someits gloss ___’ when the referent is non-human, as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:pron:37} through \REF{ex:pron:40}.
A: word: angos	 gloss: what
B: word: nji	 gloss: thing
C: word: an=ala	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=see
D: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï lïmndï nji ___ ala
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG eye thing ___ see
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw something.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Indefinite} referents can be denoted by the \isi{numeral}/\isi{interrogative word} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___; who?; someits gloss ___’ when the referent is a human or by the \isi{phrase} nji the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___ thing, something’ when the referent is non-human, as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:pron:37} through \REF{ex:pron:40}.
A: word: kwa-nji	 gloss: one{-poss}
B: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
C: word: kwa	 gloss: one
D: word: ambla=asa-p	 gloss: PL.REFL=hit-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:(a) ‘Someone died.’\\’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:pron:37}, if given the right \isi{intonation}, could be interpreted as a \isi{question}, as suggested by the second translation given. This is because the form [the morpheme ___] is also used as an \isi{interrogative pronoun} meaning ‘who?’ (\sectref{sec:6.5}).
A: word: kwa	 gloss: one
B: word: kwa-nji	 gloss: one{-poss}
C: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
D: word: tïn	 gloss: dog
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ___ mbï-i-n
Gloss (with missing item): person ___ here-come-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some people came.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Dual} and \isi{plural} forms do not tend to be used for \isi{indefinite} pronominal referents, at least not on their own. For non-\isi{singular} \isi{indefinite} referents, however, the word the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ may follow an NP, whether human \REF{ex:pron:41} or non-human \REF{ex:pron:42}.
A: word: moweka	 gloss: also
B: word: nï=ala	 gloss: 1SG=see
C: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
D: word: kuma	 gloss: some
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ya ___ ndï li-u
Gloss (with missing item): coconut ___ 3PL down-put
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some coconuts fell.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible for \isi{subject marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.1}) to follow the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ \REF{ex:pron:43}. Although \isi{subject marker}s may also follow kwa ‘its gloss ___one’, this is less common. In this way, kwa ‘its gloss ___one’ seems to pattern with what are more likely true pronouns, whereas the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ seems to pattern more with \isi{adjective}s.
A: word: moweka	 gloss: also
B: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
C: word: nga-nam	 gloss: SG.PROX{-emph}
D: word: kuma	 gloss: some
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ya kuma ___ li-u
Gloss (with missing item): coconut some ___ down-put
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some coconuts fell.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible for \isi{subject marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.1}) to follow kuma ‘some’ \REF{ex:pron:43}. Although \isi{subject marker}s may also follow kwa ‘someone’, this is less common. In this way, kwa ‘someone’ seems to pattern with what are more likely true pronouns, whereas kuma ‘some’ seems to pattern more with \isi{adjective}s.
A: word: nga-nam	 gloss: SG.PROX{-emph}
B: word: ndï=la-nda	 gloss: 3PL=eat{-irr}
C: word: ndï	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: (ndï)	 gloss: (3PL)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï lïmndï ankam ___ ndï=ala
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG eye person ___ 3PL=see
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw some people.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It should be noted as well that \isi{object marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.2}) can follow object NPs ending with the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, as in \REF{ex:pron:44} and \REF{ex:pron:45}.
A: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
B: word: ambï-nji	 gloss: SG.REFL-POSS
C: word: kuma	 gloss: some
D: word: moweka	 gloss: also
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï lïmndï ankam kuma ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG eye person some ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw some people.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It should be noted as well that \isi{object marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.2}) can follow object NPs ending with kuma ‘some’, as in \REF{ex:pron:44} and \REF{ex:pron:45}.
A: word: ambin=kalam=p	 gloss: DU.REFL=knowledge=COP
B: word: ndï=ala-e	 gloss: 3PL=see-DEP
C: word: ndï=ama-p	 gloss: 3PL=eat-PFV
D: word: ndï=ala	 gloss: 3PL=see
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ya ___ ndï=ama-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG coconut ___ 3PL=eat-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I ate some coconuts.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It should be noted as well that \isi{object marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.2}) can follow object NPs ending with the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, as in \REF{ex:pron:44} and \REF{ex:pron:45}.
A: word: kuma	 gloss: some
B: word: nï=ala	 gloss: 1SG=see
C: word: moweka	 gloss: also
D: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ya kuma ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG coconut some ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I ate some coconuts.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It should be noted as well that \isi{object marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.2}) can follow object NPs ending with kuma ‘some’, as in \REF{ex:pron:44} and \REF{ex:pron:45}.
A: word: ndï=ama-p-ap-e	 gloss: 3PL=eat-PFV-PFV-DEP
B: word: ndï=ama-p	 gloss: 3PL=eat-PFV
C: word: ndï=ama-p-e	 gloss: 3PL=eat-PFV-DEP
D: word: nji	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ango ___ na i-e
Gloss (with missing item): NEG ___ talk go.PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[They] came to no thought whatsoever.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{interrogative} form the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___?’ can also be used in \isi{negative}-\isi{polarity} sentences (e.g., with the \isi{negator} ango ‘\textsc{neg}’) to mean something along the lines of ‘its gloss ___ever, its gloss ___soever, anything’, as in examples \REF{ex:pron:46} through \REF{ex:pron:49}.
A: word: angos	 gloss: what
B: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
C: word: nji	 gloss: thing
D: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A