cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ utam ndï=wana-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ yam 3PL=cook-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`You yourself cooked the yams.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:pron:68}, \REF{ex:pron:70}, and \REF{ex:pron:71} illustrate the use of basic \isi{intensive pronoun}s to place emphasis on a subject.
A: word: nï-awa	 gloss: 1SG-INT
B: word: u-awa	 gloss: 2SG-INT
C: word: anda-awa	 gloss: SG.DIST-INT
D: word: mï-nam	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ-EMPH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I myself [in the group] killed the pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:pron:72}, \REF{ex:pron:74}, and \REF{ex:pron:75} illustrate the use of \isi{partitive-intensive pronoun}s to emphasize sole participation of a referent (or group of referents).
A: word: nï-awa	 gloss: 1SG-INT
B: word: nï-we	 gloss: 1SG-PART.INT
C: word: ndï-ngusuwata	 gloss: 3PL-poor
D: word: ndï-we	 gloss: 3PL-PART.INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ i
Gloss (with missing item): ___ go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`They themselves [out of a group] went.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:pron:72}, \REF{ex:pron:74}, and \REF{ex:pron:75} illustrate the use of \isi{partitive-intensive pronoun}s to emphasize sole participation of a referent (or group of referents).
A: word: ambin-nji	 gloss: DU.REFL-POSS
B: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
C: word: ndï-awa	 gloss: 3PL-INT
D: word: ndï-we	 gloss: 3PL-PART.INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kolpe Kongos ___ lamndu ndï=asa-p-e na-kï-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] [name] ___ pig 3PL=hit-PFV-DEP DETR-say-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kolpe and Kongos said that they themselves [out of a group] killed the pigs.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:pron:72}, \REF{ex:pron:74}, and \REF{ex:pron:75} illustrate the use of \isi{partitive-intensive pronoun}s to emphasize sole participation of a referent (or group of referents).
A: word: ambla=ul	 gloss: PL.REFL=with
B: word: ambin-nji	 gloss: DU.REFL-POSS
C: word: ambin-we	 gloss: DU.REFL-PART.INT
D: word: ma-ambi	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ awa nïmal nga=ita-e ma=u li-i-en
Gloss (with missing item): ___ INT river SG.PROX=build-IPFV 3SG.OBJ=from down-go.PFV-NMLZ
The English translation of this sentence is:`They themselves alone were the ones who built [along] this river, having come down along it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although both paradigms of \isi{intensive pronoun}s are written as sets of single lexemes, the composite morphemes of each putative word are quite clear and can, at times, occur separately, as in examples \REF{ex:pron:76}, \REF{ex:pron:77}, and \REF{ex:pron:78}, each of which contains both the \is{partitive-intensive pronoun} partitive-intensive pronominal form (of the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{pronoun}) and the basic \isi{intensive} form (as a separate morpheme, without any \isi{person} or \isi{number} marking).
A: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
B: word: angos	 gloss: what
C: word: ndï-we	 gloss: 3PL-PART.INT
D: word: ndï-awa	 gloss: 3PL-INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 61:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï-we ___ nïmal nga=ita-e ma=u li-i-en
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL-PART.INT ___ river SG.PROX=build-IPFV 3SG.OBJ=from down-go.PFV-NMLZ
The English translation of this sentence is:`They themselves alone were the ones who built [along] this river, having come down along it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although both paradigms of \isi{intensive pronoun}s are written as sets of single lexemes, the composite morphemes of each putative word are quite clear and can, at times, occur separately, as in examples \REF{ex:pron:76}, \REF{ex:pron:77}, and \REF{ex:pron:78}, each of which contains both the \is{partitive-intensive pronoun} partitive-intensive pronominal form (of the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{pronoun}) and the basic \isi{intensive} form (as a separate morpheme, without any \isi{person} or \isi{number} marking).
A: word: ndï-we	 gloss: 3PL-PART.INT
B: word: anda-awa	 gloss: SG.DIST-INT
C: word: nï-awa	 gloss: 1SG-INT
D: word: awa	 gloss: INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 62:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma-nji nji ngala ___ awa
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBJ-POSS thing PL.PROX ___ INT
The English translation of this sentence is:`These things are his.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although both paradigms of \isi{intensive pronoun}s are written as sets of single lexemes, the composite morphemes of each putative word are quite clear and can, at times, occur separately, as in examples \REF{ex:pron:76}, \REF{ex:pron:77}, and \REF{ex:pron:78}, each of which contains both the \is{partitive-intensive pronoun} partitive-intensive pronominal form (of the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{pronoun}) and the basic \isi{intensive} form (as a separate morpheme, without any \isi{person} or \isi{number} marking).
A: word: ndï-we	 gloss: 3PL-PART.INT
B: word: ndï-awa	 gloss: 3PL-INT
C: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
D: word: kwa-nji	 gloss: one{-poss}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 63:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma-nji nji ngala ndï-we ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBJ-POSS thing PL.PROX 3PL-PART.INT ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`These things are his.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although both paradigms of \isi{intensive pronoun}s are written as sets of single lexemes, the composite morphemes of each putative word are quite clear and can, at times, occur separately, as in examples \REF{ex:pron:76}, \REF{ex:pron:77}, and \REF{ex:pron:78}, each of which contains both the \is{partitive-intensive pronoun} partitive-intensive pronominal form (of the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{pronoun}) and the basic \isi{intensive} form (as a separate morpheme, without any \isi{person} or \isi{number} marking).
A: word: nï-awa	 gloss: 1SG-INT
B: word: awa	 gloss: INT
C: word: anda-awa	 gloss: SG.DIST-INT
D: word: ambï=ul	 gloss: SG.REFL=with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 64:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ awa ma=n ni-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ INT 3SG.OBJ=OBL act-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`They themselves do it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although both paradigms of \isi{intensive pronoun}s are written as sets of single lexemes, the composite morphemes of each putative word are quite clear and can, at times, occur separately, as in examples \REF{ex:pron:76}, \REF{ex:pron:77}, and \REF{ex:pron:78}, each of which contains both the \is{partitive-intensive pronoun} partitive-intensive pronominal form (of the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{pronoun}) and the basic \isi{intensive} form (as a separate morpheme, without any \isi{person} or \isi{number} marking).
A: word: ndï-awa	 gloss: 3PL-INT
B: word: ndï-we	 gloss: 3PL-PART.INT
C: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
D: word: ambla-nji	 gloss: PL.REFL-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 65:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï-we ___ ma=n ni-e
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL-PART.INT ___ 3SG.OBJ=OBL act-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`They themselves do it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although both paradigms of \isi{intensive pronoun}s are written as sets of single lexemes, the composite morphemes of each putative word are quite clear and can, at times, occur separately, as in examples \REF{ex:pron:76}, \REF{ex:pron:77}, and \REF{ex:pron:78}, each of which contains both the \is{partitive-intensive pronoun} partitive-intensive pronominal form (of the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{pronoun}) and the basic \isi{intensive} form (as a separate morpheme, without any \isi{person} or \isi{number} marking).
A: word: anda-awa	 gloss: SG.DIST-INT
B: word: awa	 gloss: INT
C: word: nï-awa	 gloss: 1SG-INT
D: word: nï-nji	 gloss: 1SG-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 66:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma-ngusuwa ___ i
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBJ{-}poor ___ go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The poor thing went alone.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also possible for the form the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ to occur as a separate morpheme, \isi{phonological}ly distinct from the preceding word (even if that word is a \isi{pronoun}), as in \REF{ex:pron:79} and \REF{ex:pron:80}.
A: word: nï=ala	 gloss: 1SG=see
B: word: wolka	 gloss: again
C: word: kwe	 gloss: one
D: word: we	 gloss: alone
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 67:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ alum nga=ul mbï-ka lo-wo-nda
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ child SG.PROX=with here-thus IRR-sleep-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`I alone will sleep here with this child.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also possible for the form the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ to occur as a separate morpheme, \isi{phonological}ly distinct from the preceding word (even if that word is a \isi{pronoun}), as in \REF{ex:pron:79} and \REF{ex:pron:80}.
A: word: lo-wo-nda	 gloss: IRR-sleep-IRR
B: word: kwe	 gloss: one
C: word: ma-ngusuwa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-poor
D: word: we	 gloss: alone
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 68:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ amun ma=si-al Dumngul nungol nga=wat-aw-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ now 3SG.OBJ=push-PFV [name] child SG.PROX=atop-put.IPFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now he’s the one -- [they] call Dumngul’s son after him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Notably, these forms are based on the subject (and not object) forms of the pronouns (e.g., /the morpheme ___/ and not \textsuperscript{†}/ma-nam/). They all appear to contain the \isi{emphatic} \isi{suffix} -nam ‘\textsc{emph}’. The form [ngam] seems to have undergone a \isi{phonological} reduction, assuming that it derives from nga ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) plus -nam ‘\textsc{emph’}. The \isi{emphatic} pronominal forms are illustrated by examples \REF{ex:pron:81} through \REF{ex:pron:84}.
A: word: tï-na	 gloss: take-IRR
B: word: mï-nam	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ-EMPH
C: word: ndin	 gloss: 3DU?
D: word: (mï)	 gloss: (3SG.SUBJ)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 69:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ u nï=n lïmndï nga=ka nï=asa-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG 1SG=OBL eye SG.PROX=in 1SG=hit-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`This is it -- you shot me in my eye.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Notably, these forms are based on the subject (and not object) forms of the pronouns (e.g., /mï-nam/ and not \textsuperscript{†}/ma-nam/). They all appear to contain the \isi{emphatic} \isi{suffix} -nam ‘\textsc{emph}’. The form [ngam] seems to have undergone a \isi{phonological} reduction, assuming that it derives from nga ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) plus -nam ‘\textsc{emph’}. The \isi{emphatic} pronominal forms are illustrated by examples \REF{ex:pron:81} through \REF{ex:pron:84}.
A: word: ndï-we	 gloss: 3PL-PART.INT
B: word: nga-nam	 gloss: SG.PROX-EMPH
C: word: inda-en	 gloss: walk-NMLZ
D: word: tïnanga-na	 gloss: arise-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 70:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ango lïmndï ma-nji pamili ndï=ala-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ NEG eye 3SG.OBJ-POSS family 3PL=see-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for us, we don’t see his family.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These topic-marking forms can be used to contrast one referent from another or to introduce a new referent after, say, a pause in the discourse. Some of their functions are illustrated by sentences \REF{ex:pron:85} through \REF{ex:pron:90}.
A: word: unan-ambi	 gloss: 1PL.INCL-TOP
B: word: ambï=ul	 gloss: SG.REFL=with
C: word: ngunan	 gloss: 1DU.INCL
D: word: ngunan-ambi	 gloss: 1DU.INCL-TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 71:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Tarambi ___ an-mbï mbï-p-e
Gloss (with missing item): [name] ___ out-here here-be{-ipfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for Tarambi, he stays outside.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These topic-marking forms can be used to contrast one referent from another or to introduce a new referent after, say, a pause in the discourse. Some of their functions are illustrated by sentences \REF{ex:pron:85} through \REF{ex:pron:90}.
A: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
B: word: ma-ambi=na-la-ka-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP=DETR-IRR-let-IMP
C: word: ma-ambi	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP
D: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 72:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nï na-kamb-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1SG DETR-shun-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Forget it; I’ve had enough.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The topic-marking pronominal forms are found almost exclusively in subject NPs. However, they appear as \isi{object-marker}s \isi{proclitic}s as part of \isi{irrealis} or \isi{imperative} expressions with the verb ka- ‘let, leave, allow’, thereby creating the \isi{idiom}atic meaning ‘forget (about) it/forget (about) them!’. This use is illustrated in examples \REF{ex:pron:91} through \REF{ex:pron:94}.
A: word: ndï	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: ma-ambi=la-ka-na	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP=IRR-let-IRR
C: word: ma-ambi=na-la-ka-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP=DETR-IRR-let-IMP
D: word: ma-ambi=la-ka-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP=IRR-let-IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 73:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Shocking!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The topic-marking pronominal forms are found almost exclusively in subject NPs. However, they appear as \isi{object-marker}s \isi{proclitic}s as part of \isi{irrealis} or \isi{imperative} expressions with the verb ka- ‘let, leave, allow’, thereby creating the \isi{idiom}atic meaning ‘forget (about) it/forget (about) them!’. This use is illustrated in examples \REF{ex:pron:91} through \REF{ex:pron:94}.
A: word: ma=la-ka-na	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=IRR-let-IRR
B: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
C: word: ma-ambi=la-ka-na	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP=IRR-let-IRR
D: word: ma-ambi=la-ka-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP=IRR-let-IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 74:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yawa ___ anda ma u=nap ma=tï i-ap
Gloss (with missing item): uncle ___ SG.DIST go 2SG=for 3SG.OBJ=take go.PFV-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`That poor uncle went and brought it for you.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As an \isi{adjective}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ has the same distribution to be expected of any \is{attributive adjective} (attributive) \isi{adjective} in Ulwa (\sectref{sec:5.1}): it follows the nominal \isi{head} of the NP and may precede a \isi{determiner}. Its use as an \isi{adjective} is illustrated by sentences \REF{ex:pron:95} through \REF{ex:pron:99}.
A: word: ngusuwa	 gloss: poor
B: word: ma-ngusuwa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-poor
C: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
D: word: un-ngusuwata	 gloss: 2PL-poor
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A