cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yetani ___ wo
Gloss (with missing item): Yamen ___ own
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He was] the Yamen people’s very own [ancestor].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: To intensify \isi{possessor} NPs that contain \isi{possessive pronoun}s, the modifier wo ‘very own’ may be added. Whereas the \isi{possessive pronoun} precedes the \isi{head noun}, the \isi{emphatic} modifier wo ‘very own’ follows it, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:13} through \REF{ex:phrase:16}.
A: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
B: word: ala-nji	 gloss: PL.DIST-POSS
C: word: ambla-nji	 gloss: PL.REFL-POSS
D: word: ma=si-al	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=push-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yetani ala-nji ___
Gloss (with missing item): Yamen PL.DIST-POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He was] the Yamen people’s very own [ancestor].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: To intensify \isi{possessor} NPs that contain \isi{possessive pronoun}s, the modifier the morpheme ___ ‘very its gloss ___’ may be added. Whereas the \isi{possessive pronoun} precedes the \isi{head noun}, the \isi{emphatic} modifier the morpheme ___ ‘very its gloss ___’ follows it, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:13} through \REF{ex:phrase:16}.
A: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
B: word: mïnkïn	 gloss: sago.species
C: word: wo	 gloss: own
D: word: ndï=mïmïl-aw-e	 gloss: 3PL=wring-put.IPFV-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): upan nungol ___ nï=n ani u-p
Gloss (with missing item): fish.species child ___ 1SG=OBL bilum put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[She] put some small fish in my bilum [= string bag].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another means of signaling that an NP has a \isi{possessor} role is the \isi{oblique-marker} \isi{enclitic} =n \textsc{‘obl'} (\sectref{sec:11.4.1}). This strategy is mainly limited to pronominal \isi{possessor}s. In such constructions, the \isi{pronoun} or \isi{demonstrative} marked with =n \textsc{‘obl'} is the \isi{possessor} of the NP that immediately follows, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:17} through \REF{ex:phrase:20}.
A: word: ma=kali	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=send
B: word: ndï=na-nda	 gloss: 3PL=give-IRR
C: word: un=ïn	 gloss: 2PL=OBL
D: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): atana mï li-u ma=tï-n ma=tï ___ ame ma=in-lï-p
Gloss (with missing item): older.sister 3SG.SUBJ down-from 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV 3SG.OBJ=take ___ basket 3SG.OBJ=in-put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The older sister got him down and put him in her basket.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another means of signaling that an NP has a \isi{possessor} role is the \isi{oblique-marker} \isi{enclitic} =n \textsc{‘obl'} (\sectref{sec:11.4.1}). This strategy is mainly limited to pronominal \isi{possessor}s. In such constructions, the \isi{pronoun} or \isi{demonstrative} marked with =n \textsc{‘obl'} is the \isi{possessor} of the NP that immediately follows, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:17} through \REF{ex:phrase:20}.
A: word: sinanam	 gloss: {[name]}
B: word: ambï=ul	 gloss: SG.REFL=with
C: word: ambï=wali-nda	 gloss: SG.REFL=hit-IRR
D: word: ambï=n	 gloss: SG.REFL=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï i ___ mundu ilum kuma wana-nda
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG go.PFV ___ food little some cook-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`I will come and cook some food for you.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: See \sectref{sec:11.4.2} for other \isi{case}-like uses of the \isi{oblique marker}. It may be noted here that there is some overlap in function between the \isi{oblique marker} and the possessive marker. Just as the \isi{oblique marker} =n \textsc{‘obl'} can function very much like a possessive marker, \isi{possessive pronoun}s marked with -nji \textsc{‘poss'} can serve \isi{oblique}-like functions -- namely, they may indicate a beneficiary, as in sentences \REF{ex:phrase:21}, \REF{ex:phrase:22}, and \REF{ex:phrase:23}.
A: word: un-nji	 gloss: 2PL-POSS
B: word: sinanam	 gloss: {[name]}
C: word: ngun-nji	 gloss: 2DU-POSS
D: word: min-nji	 gloss: 3DU-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ na tï-na mbï-lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ talk take-IRR here-go-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[They] came here to have a talk for them [= their children].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: See \sectref{sec:11.4.2} for other \isi{case}-like uses of the \isi{oblique marker}. It may be noted here that there is some overlap in function between the \isi{oblique marker} and the possessive marker. Just as the \isi{oblique marker} =n \textsc{‘obl'} can function very much like a possessive marker, \isi{possessive pronoun}s marked with -nji \textsc{‘poss'} can serve \isi{oblique}-like functions -- namely, they may indicate a beneficiary, as in sentences \REF{ex:phrase:21}, \REF{ex:phrase:22}, and \REF{ex:phrase:23}.
A: word: ma=wana	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=feel
B: word: un-nji	 gloss: 2PL-POSS
C: word: nï-nji	 gloss: 1SG-POSS
D: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ ana ma=tï ma=na-na
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ grass.skirt 3SG.OBJ=take 3SG.OBJ=give-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I gave her a grass skirt.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: See \sectref{sec:11.4.2} for other \isi{case}-like uses of the \isi{oblique marker}. It may be noted here that there is some overlap in function between the \isi{oblique marker} and the possessive marker. Just as the \isi{oblique marker} =n \textsc{‘obl'} can function very much like a possessive marker, \isi{possessive pronoun}s marked with -nji \textsc{‘poss'} can serve \isi{oblique}-like functions -- namely, they may indicate a beneficiary, as in sentences \REF{ex:phrase:21}, \REF{ex:phrase:22}, and \REF{ex:phrase:23}.
A: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
B: word: kuma-nji	 gloss: some{-poss}
C: word: ndï=uta-p-e	 gloss: 3PL=grind-PFV-DEP
D: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yawa mï i ma=kali-lï-p-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ uncle 3SG.SUBJ go.PFV 3SG.OBJ=send-put-PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Her uncle went and sent her.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Possession can also be indicated with a \isi{non-subject the morpheme ___rker} (\sectref{sec:7.3}), without any additional possessive or \isi{oblique} the morpheme ___rking. In such instances, these “\isi{object the morpheme ___rker}s” do not seem to be \isi{clitic}s: they are not necessarily \isi{phonological}ly dependent on the following word. Like the \isi{oblique-the morpheme ___rker} strategy, this strategy is the morpheme ___inly limited to pronominal \isi{possessor}s, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:24} through \REF{ex:phrase:28}.
A: word: ma	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ
B: word: kïkal=n(ï)	 gloss: ear=OBL
C: word: anda=in	 gloss: SG.DIST=in
D: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): i lïmndï ___ luwa ala
Gloss (with missing item): go.PFV eye ___ place for
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] went and saw their place.’\footnote{It is possible that the \isi{oblique}-marking strategy is being used here, but that a sequence of /nn/ resulting from the final /n/ of the \isi{dual} pronominal form and the /=n/ that is the \isi{oblique marker} has \isi{degeminate}d.} [ulwa001_10:15]’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Possession can also be indicated with a \isi{non-subject marker} (\sectref{sec:7.3}), without any additional possessive or \isi{oblique} marking. In such instances, these “\isi{object marker}s” do not seem to be \isi{clitic}s: they are not necessarily \isi{phonological}ly dependent on the following word. Like the \isi{oblique-marker} strategy, this strategy is mainly limited to pronothe morpheme ___al \isi{possessor}s, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:24} through \REF{ex:phrase:28}.
A: word: min	 gloss: 3DU
B: word: ndin	 gloss: 3DU?
C: word: nï=ina-ka-wana	 gloss: 1SG=liver-at-feel
D: word: min=n	 gloss: 3DU=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ numan ngusuwa anda
Gloss (with missing item): ___ husband poor SG.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yawana’s poor husband’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Occasionally, \isi{possession} is indicated without any marking. Rather, the \isi{possessum} simply follows the \isi{possessor}. This strategy is mainly restricted to phrases with \isi{proper noun} \isi{possessor}s, but there are a few known examples with \isi{common noun} \isi{possessor}s as well (all are \isi{kinship} terms). Sentences \REF{ex:phrase:29} through \REF{ex:phrase:34} illustrate this \isi{juxtaposition} method.
A: word: sinanam	 gloss: {[name]}
B: word: kawana	 gloss: [name]
C: word: yawana	 gloss: [name]
D: word: lucy=p-en	 gloss: [name]=COP-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ango wa i ___ itom wandam ala=u lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG village go.PFV ___ father jungle PL.DIST=from go-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I haven’t gone to the village, gone around in my father’s jungles.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Occasionally, \isi{possession} is indicated without any marking. Rather, the \isi{possessum} simply follows the \isi{possessor}. This strategy is mainly restricted to phrases with \isi{proper noun} \isi{possessor}s, but there are a few known examples with \isi{common noun} \isi{possessor}s as well (all are \isi{kinship} terms). Sentences \REF{ex:phrase:29} through \REF{ex:phrase:34} illustrate this \isi{juxtaposition} method.
A: word: ma=lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=put-PFV
B: word: nï-nji	 gloss: 1SG-POSS
C: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
D: word: u-nji	 gloss: 2SG-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ango wa i nï-nji ___ wandam ala=u lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG village go.PFV 1SG-POSS ___ jungle PL.DIST=from go-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I haven’t gone to the village, gone around in my father’s jungles.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Occasionally, \isi{possession} is indicated without any marking. Rather, the \isi{possessum} simply follows the \isi{possessor}. This strategy is mainly restricted to phrases with \isi{proper noun} \isi{possessor}s, but there are a few known examples with \isi{common noun} \isi{possessor}s as well (all are \isi{kinship} terms). Sentences \REF{ex:phrase:29} through \REF{ex:phrase:34} illustrate this \isi{juxtaposition} method.
A: word: yawa	 gloss: uncle
B: word: itom	 gloss: father
C: word: ma=wana-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=feel-DEP
D: word: mundotoma	 gloss: short
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï wa ma=n mïka ___ nungol ngala=ta
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG just 3SG.OBJ=OBL thus ___ child PL.PROX=say
The English translation of this sentence is:`I just, like, told Manama’s children: …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In such constructions it appears to be common for the \isi{possessed} \isi{phrase} to contain a postnominal \isi{demonstrative} -- for example, ‘these children of Manama’ in \REF{ex:phrase:31} -- although this is not mandatory.
A: word: ndï=tumul-ka	 gloss: 3PL=bend-let
B: word: sinanam	 gloss: {[name]}
C: word: kanam	 gloss: beside
D: word: manama	 gloss: [name]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ anapa mï
Gloss (with missing item): ___ sister 3SG.SUBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kayta’s sister’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to these methods of indicating \isi{possession} with noun phrases, it is possible to indicate \isi{possession} with \isi{verb phrase}s. These \isi{verb phrase}s function in such instances as \isi{relative clause}s (\sectref{sec:12.3}), as in \REF{ex:phrase:35}.
A: word: ko=si	 gloss: INDF=push
B: word: kayta=p-e	 gloss: [[name]=COP-DEP]
C: word: maka-p-e	 gloss: [thus=COP-DEP
D: word: ngata=p-e	 gloss: grand=COP{-dep}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ anda
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SG.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:`That [pot] is Lucy’s.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These \isi{verb phrase}s may in turn be \isi{nominalize}d, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:36} and \REF{ex:phrase:37}.
A: word: lucy=p-en	 gloss: [name]=COP-NMLZ
B: word: maka=p-en	 gloss: thus=COP-NMLZ
C: word: na-kuk-u-nda	 gloss: DETR-gather-put-IRR
D: word: ma=p-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be{-nmlz}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ maka yena inom mï maka mu kuma=tï nï=na-na
Gloss (with missing item): ___ thus woman mother 3SG.SUBJ thus seed some=take 1SG=give-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Albert’s wife’s mother, like, gave me some seeds.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These \isi{verb phrase}s may in turn be \isi{nominalize}d, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:36} and \REF{ex:phrase:37}.
A: word: albert=p-en	 gloss: [name]=COP-NMLZ
B: word: maka=p-en	 gloss: thus=COP-NMLZ
C: word: min	 gloss: 3DU
D: word: ma=p-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be{-nmlz}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): min ma=p ___ wandam
Gloss (with missing item): 3DU 3SG.OBJ=be ___ jungle
The English translation of this sentence is:`The two were staying there. Banana garden!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Noun phrases may serve a number of grammatical functions within a clause: the subject, the object of a verb, the \isi{object of a postposition}, or part of an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase} marked by the \isi{oblique marker} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’ (\chapref{sec:11}). In addition to these clause-internal functions, noun phrases may occasionally stand alone as entire clauses. In this use, the grandeur of an event is stressed, the \isi{predicate} itself being merely implied, as in \REF{ex:phrase:38} and \REF{ex:phrase:39}.
A: word: ulum	 gloss: palm
B: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
C: word: ndï=mïmïl-aw-e	 gloss: 3PL=wring-put.IPFV-DEP
D: word: mïnda	 gloss: banana
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): min ma=p mïnda ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3DU 3SG.OBJ=be banana ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The two were staying there. Banana garden!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Noun phrases may serve a number of grammatical functions within a clause: the subject, the object of a verb, the \isi{object of a postposition}, or part of an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase} marked by the \isi{oblique marker} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’ (\chapref{sec:11}). In addition to these clause-internal functions, noun phrases may occasionally stand alone as entire clauses. In this use, the grandeur of an event is stressed, the \isi{predicate} itself being merely implied, as in \REF{ex:phrase:38} and \REF{ex:phrase:39}.
A: word: wandam	 gloss: jungle
B: word: atuma	 gloss: [name]
C: word: andin=ala	 gloss: DU.DIST=see
D: word: wandam-p-e	 gloss: jungle=COP-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A