cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 109:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ulum tamndï ma-awa ___
Gloss (with missing item): palm owner 3SG.OBJ-INT ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The owner of the sago palms herself will wring them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are some other verbs that appear on \isi{morphological} grounds to belong to this class of separable ‘put’ verbs, but which never seem to occur as \isi{discontinuous} elements. This could simply be due to their \isi{semantics}. For example, the object of a verb such as mïmïlu- ‘wring, strain’ is more likely to be a \isi{theme} argument than a \isi{goal} argument. This verb may be seen in sentences \REF{ex:phrase:86} and \REF{ex:phrase:87}.\footnote{The fact that ‘put’ verbs can, however, so commonly permit separable constructions has a certain rationale to it, especially considering that the object of these verbs glossed as ‘put’ is always the \isi{goal} and not the \isi{theme}, which, when overt, is expressed as an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase}. Thus, in expressions like ‘send to a place’ or ‘gather/pile up to a place’, it is appropriate that the object of the second element in the \isi{separable verb} (i.e., the ‘put’ verb) is a destination.}
A: word: ndï=la-ka	 gloss: 3PL=IRR-let
B: word: ma=kali-lï-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=send-put-PFV-DEP
C: word: ndï=mïmïl-aw-e	 gloss: 3PL=wring-put.IPFV-DEP
D: word: ndï=mïmïl-u-nda	 gloss: 3PL=wring-put-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 110:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`They would be wringing them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are some other verbs that appear on \isi{morphological} grounds to belong to this class of separable ‘put’ verbs, but which never seem to occur as \isi{discontinuous} elements. This could simply be due to their \isi{semantics}. For example, the object of a verb such as mïmïlu- ‘wring, strain’ is more likely to be a \isi{theme} argument than a \isi{goal} argument. This verb may be seen in sentences \REF{ex:phrase:86} and \REF{ex:phrase:87}.\footnote{The fact that ‘put’ verbs can, however, so commonly permit separable constructions has a certain rationale to it, especially considering that the object of these verbs glossed as ‘put’ is always the \isi{goal} and not the \isi{theme}, which, when overt, is expressed as an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase}. Thus, in expressions like ‘send to a place’ or ‘gather/pile up to a place’, it is appropriate that the object of the second element in the \isi{separable verb} (i.e., the ‘put’ verb) is a destination.}
A: word: ndï=mïmïl-u-nda	 gloss: 3PL=wring-put-IRR
B: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
C: word: ndï=mïmïl-aw-e	 gloss: 3PL=wring-put.IPFV-DEP
D: word: ndï=aw-e	 gloss: 3PL=put.IPFV-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 111:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-awa ndï=ul ___ ndï ma=ta-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-INT 3PL=with ___ 3PL 3SG.OBJ=say-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I myself sat with them, and they talked about it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Members of the class of ka- ‘let’ \isi{separable verb}s tend to be \isi{intransitive}. When they do take objects, however, these are \isi{goal} arguments, much like their counterparts in ‘put’ \isi{separable verb}s (\sectref{sec:9.2.2}). These objects occur between the first element and the \isi{verb stem}. Examples \REF{ex:phrase:88} through \REF{ex:phrase:93} illustrate some uses of \isi{verb phrase}s formed with ka- ‘let’.
A: word: asi-ka-e	 gloss: sit-let{-dep}
B: word: ndï=wana	 gloss: 3PL=feel
C: word: watangïnila	 gloss: four
D: word: asi-ka	 gloss: sit-let
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan ___ ambla=la-ka wolka ambla=wali-nda ma-n
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL ___ PL.REFL=IRR-let again PL.REFL=hit-IRR go-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`We’re going to turn on one another and fight one another again.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Members of the class of ka- ‘let’ \isi{separable verb}s tend to be \isi{intransitive}. When they do take objects, however, these are \isi{goal} arguments, much like their counterparts in ‘put’ \isi{separable verb}s (\sectref{sec:9.2.2}). These objects occur between the first element and the \isi{verb stem}. Examples \REF{ex:phrase:88} through \REF{ex:phrase:93} illustrate some uses of \isi{verb phrase}s formed with ka- ‘let’.
A: word: lïmndï	 gloss: eye
B: word: tïkli-ka	 gloss: turn-let
C: word: nïpïl	 gloss: vine
D: word: tïkli	 gloss: turn
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan tïkli ___ wolka ambla=wali-nda ma-n
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL turn ___ again PL.REFL=hit-IRR go-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`We’re going to turn on one another and fight one another again.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Members of the class of ka- ‘let’ \isi{separable verb}s tend to be \isi{intransitive}. When they do take objects, however, these are \isi{goal} arguments, much like their counterparts in ‘put’ \isi{separable verb}s (\sectref{sec:9.2.2}). These objects occur between the first element and the \isi{verb stem}. Examples \REF{ex:phrase:88} through \REF{ex:phrase:93} illustrate some uses of \isi{verb phrase}s formed with ka- ‘let’.
A: word: ngala=wana	 gloss: PL.PROX=feel
B: word: ambla=la-ka	 gloss: PL.REFL=IRR-let
C: word: ambla=ala	 gloss: PL.REFL=see
D: word: ma=la-ka-n	 gloss: 3PL=IRR-let-IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ u-nji komblam ma=in ka
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ 2SG-POSS chair 3SG.OBJ=in let
The English translation of this sentence is:`I sat in your chair.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, however, instead of being expressed as the \isi{direct object} of the verb, the \isi{goal} argument in such constructions is expressed in a \isi{postpoits gloss ___ional phrase}. Still, these phrases occur between the first element of the \isi{separable verb} and the \isi{verb stem}, as in \REF{ex:phrase:94}, \REF{ex:phrase:95}, and \REF{ex:phrase:96}.
A: word: wandam	 gloss: jungle
B: word: asi-ka	 gloss: sit-let
C: word: asiya	 gloss: string
D: word: asi	 gloss: sit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï asi u-nji komblam ma=in ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG sit 2SG-POSS chair 3SG.OBJ=in ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I sat in your chair.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, however, instead of being expressed as the \isi{direct object} of the verb, the \isi{goal} argument in such constructions is expressed in a \isi{postpositional phrase}. Still, these phrases occur between the first element of the \isi{separable verb} and the \isi{verb stem}, as in \REF{ex:phrase:94}, \REF{ex:phrase:95}, and \REF{ex:phrase:96}.
A: word: ma=wala-i	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=feel-IPFV
B: word: mïka	 gloss: tree.species
C: word: ka	 gloss: let
D: word: i-kali	 gloss: hand-send
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ndï=kana ka ko ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL=beside let just die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[She] lay beside them and just died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, however, instead of being expressed as the \isi{direct object} of the verb, the \isi{goal} argument in such constructions is expressed in a \isi{postpositional phrase}. Still, these phrases occur between the first element of the \isi{separable verb} and the \isi{verb stem}, as in \REF{ex:phrase:94}, \REF{ex:phrase:95}, and \REF{ex:phrase:96}.
A: word: lolop	 gloss: just
B: word: lop	 gloss: lie
C: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
D: word: li-u	 gloss: down-put
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lop ndï=kana ___ ko ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): lie 3PL=beside ___ just die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[She] lay beside them and just died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, however, instead of being expressed as the \isi{direct object} of the verb, the \isi{goal} argument in such constructions is expressed in a \isi{postpositional phrase}. Still, these phrases occur between the first element of the \isi{separable verb} and the \isi{verb stem}, as in \REF{ex:phrase:94}, \REF{ex:phrase:95}, and \REF{ex:phrase:96}.
A: word: ka	 gloss: let
B: word: lamndu	 gloss: pig
C: word: ndï=wat-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=atop-put-PFV
D: word: mïka	 gloss: tree.species
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 118:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ ma=wat u ani ma=tï-n
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ 3SG.OBJ=atop from bilum 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I took the bilum [= string bag] from atop the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most \isi{postpositional phrase}s consist of just a single \isi{postposition}. However, it is also possible for multiple \isi{postposition}s to occur within a single \isi{phrase}, sharing a single object. This use of multiple \isi{postposition}s often conveys a specific (usually spatial) relationship between two NPs. A common component of such complex \isi{postpositional phrase}s is u ‘from, in, at, around, along’, which, when following another \isi{postposition}, may add to it an \isi{ablative} sense, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:97} through \REF{ex:phrase:100}.\footnote{An alternative analysis might be that at least some of these putative \isi{postposition}s are (or can function as) nouns. Thus, what is translated as ‘from atop the its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:phrase:97} may perhaps be better translated as ‘from the its gloss ___’s top’.}
A: word: aplatam	 gloss: table
B: word: asi	 gloss: sit
C: word: matamal=p	 gloss: sharp=COP
D: word: ndï=lumo-p	 gloss: 3PL=put-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï aplatam ___ u ani ma=tï-n
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG table ___ from bilum 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I took the bilum [= string bag] from atop the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most \isi{postpositional phrase}s consist of just a single \isi{postposition}. However, it is also possible for multiple \isi{postposition}s to occur within a single \isi{phrase}, sharing a single object. This use of multiple \isi{postposition}s often conveys a specific (usually spatial) relationship between two NPs. A common component of such complex \isi{postpositional phrase}s is u ‘from, in, at, around, along’, which, when following another \isi{postposition}, may add to it an \isi{ablative} sense, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:97} through \REF{ex:phrase:100}.\footnote{An alternative analysis might be that at least some of these putative \isi{postposition}s are (or can function as) nouns. Thus, what is translated as ‘from atop the table’ in \REF{ex:phrase:97} may perhaps be better translated as ‘from the table’s top’.}
A: word: ma=wat	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=atop
B: word: ma=wan	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=above
C: word: kïkal-wana	 gloss: ear-feel
D: word: nga=wat	 gloss: SG.PROX=atop
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï aplatam ma=wat ___ ani ma=tï-n
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG table 3SG.OBJ=atop ___ bilum 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I took the bilum [= string bag] from atop the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most \isi{postpositional phrase}s consist of jthe morpheme ___st a single \isi{postposition}. However, it is also possible for mthe morpheme ___ltiple \isi{postposition}s to occthe morpheme ___r within a single \isi{phrase}, sharing a single object. This the morpheme ___se of mthe morpheme ___ltiple \isi{postposition}s often conveys a specific (the morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___ally spatial) relationship between two NPs. A common component of sthe morpheme ___ch complex \isi{postpositional phrase}s is the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, in, at, arothe morpheme ___nd, along’, which, when following another \isi{postposition}, may add to it an \isi{ablative} sense, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:97} throthe morpheme ___gh \REF{ex:phrase:100}.\footnote{An alternative analysis might be that at least some of these pthe morpheme ___tative \isi{postposition}s are (or can fthe morpheme ___nction as) nothe morpheme ___ns. Ththe morpheme ___s, what is translated as ‘its gloss ___ atop the table’ in \REF{ex:phrase:97} may perhaps be better translated as ‘its gloss ___ the table’s top’.}
A: word: yana	 gloss: woman
B: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
C: word: uta	 gloss: shell
D: word: u	 gloss: from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ u siwi ala=moko-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ from grub.species PL.DIST=take-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] would get grubs from within them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most \isi{postpositional phrase}s consist of just a single \isi{postposition}. However, it is also possible for multiple \isi{postposition}s to occur within a single \isi{phrase}, sharing a single object. This use of multiple \isi{postposition}s often conveys a specific (usually spatial) relationship between two NPs. A common component of such complex \isi{postpositional phrase}s is u ‘from, in, at, around, along’, which, when following another \isi{postposition}, may add to it an \isi{ablative} sense, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:97} through \REF{ex:phrase:100}.\footnote{An alternative analysis might be that at least some of these putative \isi{postposition}s are (or can function as) nouns. Thus, what is translated as ‘from atop the table’ in \REF{ex:phrase:97} may perhaps be better translated as ‘from the table’s top’.}
A: word: ndï=ul	 gloss: 3PL=with
B: word: ndï=in	 gloss: 3PL=in
C: word: ndï=ina-p	 gloss: 3PL=get-PFV
D: word: ndï=si-na	 gloss: 3PL=push-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï=in ___ siwi ala=moko-e
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL=in ___ grub.species PL.DIST=take-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] would get grubs from within them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most \isi{postpositional phrase}s consist of jthe morpheme ___st a single \isi{postposition}. However, it is also possible for mthe morpheme ___ltiple \isi{postposition}s to occthe morpheme ___r within a single \isi{phrase}, sharing a single object. This the morpheme ___se of mthe morpheme ___ltiple \isi{postposition}s often conveys a specific (the morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___ally spatial) relationship between two NPs. A common component of sthe morpheme ___ch complex \isi{postpositional phrase}s is the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, in, at, arothe morpheme ___nd, along’, which, when following another \isi{postposition}, may add to it an \isi{ablative} sense, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:97} throthe morpheme ___gh \REF{ex:phrase:100}.\footnote{An alternative analysis might be that at least some of these pthe morpheme ___tative \isi{postposition}s are (or can fthe morpheme ___nction as) nothe morpheme ___ns. Ththe morpheme ___s, what is translated as ‘its gloss ___ atop the table’ in \REF{ex:phrase:97} may perhaps be better translated as ‘its gloss ___ the table’s top’.}
A: word: u	 gloss: from
B: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
C: word: atwana	 gloss: question
D: word: min=lo-p	 gloss: 3DU=cut-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 123:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ ma=wat u ani ma=tï-n
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ 3SG.OBJ=atop from bilum 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I took the bilum [= string bag] from atop the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most \isi{postpositional phrase}s consist of just a single \isi{postposition}. However, it is also possible for multiple \isi{postposition}s to occur within a single \isi{phrase}, sharing a single object. This use of multiple \isi{postposition}s often conveys a specific (usually spatial) relationship between two NPs. A common component of such complex \isi{postpositional phrase}s is u ‘from, in, at, around, along’, which, when following another \isi{postposition}, may add to it an \isi{ablative} sense, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:97} through \REF{ex:phrase:100}.\footnote{An alternative analysis might be that at least some of these putative \isi{postposition}s are (or can function as) nouns. Thus, what is translated as ‘from atop the its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:phrase:97} may perhaps be better translated as ‘from the its gloss ___’s top’.}
A: word: aplatam	 gloss: table
B: word: matamal=p	 gloss: sharp=COP
C: word: asi	 gloss: sit
D: word: wandam	 gloss: jungle
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A