cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji ___ ambi kwe anda
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS ___ big one SG.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:`that one big pig of mine’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{noun phrase} given in \REF{ex:phrase:2} illustrates all these elements occurring together. The \isi{head noun} is indicated in \textbf{bold}.
A: word: namndu	 gloss: pig
B: word: ma=kali-lï-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=send-put-PFV-DEP
C: word: lamndu	 gloss: pig
D: word: lam	 gloss: meat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ anda wa lolop ma-n
Gloss (with missing item): ___ SG.DIST just just go-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`That big [man] just goes around.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{head} of a \isi{noun phrase} need not be a prototypical noun. It may, instead, be an \isi{adjective} functioning as a noun \REF{ex:phrase:3} (see \sectref{sec:5.3} on substantive uses of \isi{adjective}s). Similarly, like \isi{personal pronoun}s, \isi{possessive pronoun}s (\sectref{sec:6.2}) may also function as the \isi{head} of an NP \REF{ex:phrase:4}.
A: word: ambi	 gloss: big
B: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
C: word: wat	 gloss: atop
D: word: ambi=p	 gloss: big=COP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ ngala=tï u=na-nda
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ PL.PROX=take 2SG=give-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`I will give mine to you.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{head} of a \isi{noun phrase} need not be a prototypical noun. It may, instead, be an \isi{adjective} functioning as a noun \REF{ex:phrase:3} (see \sectref{sec:5.3} on substantive uses of \isi{adjective}s). Similarly, like \isi{personal pronoun}s, \isi{possessive pronoun}s (\sectref{sec:6.2}) may also function as the \isi{head} of an NP \REF{ex:phrase:4}.
A: word: u-nji	 gloss: 2SG-POSS
B: word: nï-nji	 gloss: 1SG-POSS
C: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
D: word: mïnda	 gloss: banana
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wonmbi ___
Gloss (with missing item): tusk ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`[They] bent the tusks.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As discussed in \sectref{sec:7.1} and \sectref{sec:7.2}, \isi{subject marker}s and \isi{object marker}s do not always occur in NPs that function as subjects or as objects. When they do occur, however, they mark their respective NPs for \isi{number}. The three \isi{number} categories in Ulwa are \isi{singular}, \isi{dual}, and \isi{plural} (\sectref{sec:7.1}--\sectref{sec:7.3}). Whereas the category of \isi{dual} is never employed when there are three or more referents, the category of \isi{plural} is sometimes found even when there are exactly two referents, as in \REF{ex:phrase:5}.
A: word: kuk-u-p	 gloss: gather-put-PFV
B: word: ndï=tï	 gloss: 3PL=take
C: word: ndï=tumul-ka	 gloss: 3PL=bend-let
D: word: ndï=kana	 gloss: 3PL=beside
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wapa ___ tembi anda-we nï ma=tï inda-e
Gloss (with missing item): leaf ___ bad SG.DIST-PART.INT 1SG 3SG.OBJ=take walk-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`That big, bad leaf alone -- I’m taking it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple \isi{adjective}s may occur within a single NP. When there are multiple \isi{adjective}s, they simply stack up after the \isi{head noun} (and before any \isi{determiner}s), as seen in \REF{ex:phrase:6} and \REF{ex:phrase:7}.
A: word: ndï=si-na	 gloss: 3PL=push-IRR
B: word: ambi=p	 gloss: big=COP
C: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
D: word: ambi	 gloss: big
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wapa ambi ___ anda-we nï ma=tï inda-e
Gloss (with missing item): leaf big ___ SG.DIST-PART.INT 1SG 3SG.OBJ=take walk-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`That big, bad leaf alone -- I’m taking it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple \isi{adjective}s may occur within a single NP. When there are multiple \isi{adjective}s, they simply stack up after the \isi{head noun} (and before any \isi{determiner}s), as seen in \REF{ex:phrase:6} and \REF{ex:phrase:7}.
A: word: tembi	 gloss: bad
B: word: ma=iya	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=toward
C: word: tembi=p	 gloss: bad=COP
D: word: ama-p-ta	 gloss: eat-PFV-COND
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïmbïl ___ nïpat ngata ma=ita-na ma-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): fence ___ giant grand 3SG.OBJ=build-IRR go-IPFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`[You] are going to build a big, huge, giant fence.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple \isi{adjective}s may occur within a single NP. When there are multiple \isi{adjective}s, they simply stack up after the \isi{head noun} (and before any \isi{determiner}s), as seen in \REF{ex:phrase:6} and \REF{ex:phrase:7}.
A: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
B: word: ambi=p	 gloss: big=COP
C: word: ambi	 gloss: big
D: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïmbïl ambi ___ ngata ma=ita-na ma-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): fence big ___ grand 3SG.OBJ=build-IRR go-IPFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`[You] are going to build a big, huge, giant fence.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple \isi{adjective}s may occur within a single NP. When there are multiple \isi{adjective}s, they simply stack up after the \isi{head noun} (and before any \isi{determiner}s), as seen in \REF{ex:phrase:6} and \REF{ex:phrase:7}.
A: word: ma=wana	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=feel
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: nïpat	 gloss: giant
D: word: awal	 gloss: yesterday
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïmbïl ambi nïpat ___ ma=ita-na ma-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): fence big giant ___ 3SG.OBJ=build-IRR go-IPFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`[You] are going to build a big, huge, giant fence.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Multiple \isi{adjective}s may occur within a single NP. When there are multiple \isi{adjective}s, they simply stack up after the \isi{head noun} (and before any \isi{determiner}s), as seen in \REF{ex:phrase:6} and \REF{ex:phrase:7}.
A: word: ngata=p-e	 gloss: grand=COP{-dep}
B: word: ngata	 gloss: grand
C: word: yalum	 gloss: grandchild
D: word: sinanam	 gloss: {[name]}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yana Sinanam ma=na-na
Gloss (with missing item): ___ woman [name] 3SG.OBJ=give-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] gave it to the younger sister Sinanam.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two noun phrases may be in \isi{apposition} to each other, as in \REF{ex:phrase:8}. Here, the two NPs in \isi{apposition} are the \isi{compound noun} the morpheme ___ yana ‘its gloss ___ sister’ and the \isi{proper noun} Sinanam, a woman’s name. Each NP serves as the \isi{singular} grammatical object of the verb na- ‘give’.
A: word: wot	 gloss: younger
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: kïkal-wana	 gloss: ear-feel
D: word: alum	 gloss: child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wot ___ Sinanam ma=na-na
Gloss (with missing item): younger ___ [name] 3SG.OBJ=give-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] gave it to the younger sister Sinanam.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two noun phrases may be in \isi{apposition} to each other, as in \REF{ex:phrase:8}. Here, the two NPs in \isi{apposition} are the \isi{compound noun} wot the morpheme ___ ‘younger sister’ and the \isi{proper noun} Sinanam, a its gloss ___’s name. Each NP serves as the \isi{singular} grammatical object of the verb na- ‘give’.
A: word: yanapi	 gloss: [name]
B: word: yana	 gloss: woman
C: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
D: word: inom	 gloss: mother
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wot yana ___ ma=na-na
Gloss (with missing item): younger woman ___ 3SG.OBJ=give-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] gave it to the younger sister Sinanam.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two noun phrases may be in \isi{apposition} to each other, as in \REF{ex:phrase:8}. Here, the two NPs in \isi{apposition} are the \isi{compound noun} wot yana ‘younger sister’ and the \isi{proper noun} Sinanam, a woman’s name. Each NP serves as the \isi{singular} grammatical object of the verb na- ‘give’.
A: word: kanam	 gloss: beside
B: word: sinanam	 gloss: [name]
C: word: ma=kali	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=send
D: word: wat	 gloss: atop
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma-nji lamndu mï ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG.OBJ-POSS pig 3SG.SUBJ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Father’s pig died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-nji} \textsc{`poss’} affixes to \isi{pronoun}s and \isi{determiner}s to create \isi{possessive pronoun}s and possessive \isi{demonstrative}s \sectref{sec:6.2}. These so-formed \isi{possessive pronoun}s may in turn occur in NPs (following the \isi{possessor} argument) to indicate \isi{possession}. Sentences \REF{ex:phrase:9} through \REF{ex:phrase:12} illustrate \isi{possession} marked on full NPs. The \isi{possessor} is indicated in \textbf{bold}.
A: word: yawa	 gloss: uncle
B: word: lucy=p-en	 gloss: [name]=COP-NMLZ
C: word: itom	 gloss: father
D: word: mundotoma	 gloss: short
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): itom ___ lamndu mï ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): father ___ pig 3SG.SUBJ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Father’s pig died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-nji} \textsc{`poss’} affixes to \isi{pronoun}s and \isi{determiner}s to create \isi{possessive pronoun}s and possessive \isi{demonstrative}s \sectref{sec:6.2}. These so-formed \isi{possessive pronoun}s may in turn occur in NPs (following the \isi{possessor} argument) to indicate \isi{possession}. Sentences \REF{ex:phrase:9} through \REF{ex:phrase:12} illustrate \isi{possession} marked on full NPs. The \isi{possessor} is indicated in \textbf{bold}.
A: word: yawana	 gloss: [name]
B: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
C: word: kuma-nji	 gloss: some{-poss}
D: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ atuma ma-nji aweta mï tembi=p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ older.brother 3SG.OBJ-POSS friend 3SG.SUBJ bad=COP
The English translation of this sentence is:`My older brother’s friend is sick.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-nji} \textsc{`poss’} affixes to \isi{pronoun}s and \isi{determiner}s to create \isi{possessive pronoun}s and possessive \isi{demonstrative}s \sectref{sec:6.2}. These so-formed \isi{possessive pronoun}s may in turn occur in NPs (following the \isi{possessor} argument) to indicate \isi{possession}. Sentences \REF{ex:phrase:9} through \REF{ex:phrase:12} illustrate \isi{possession} marked on full NPs. The \isi{possessor} is indicated in \textbf{bold}.
A: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
B: word: u-nji	 gloss: 2SG-POSS
C: word: ala-nji	 gloss: PL.DIST{-poss}
D: word: nï-nji	 gloss: 1SG-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji ___ ma-nji aweta mï tembi=p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS ___ 3SG.OBJ-POSS friend 3SG.SUBJ bad=COP
The English translation of this sentence is:`My older brother’s friend is sick.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-nji} \textsc{`poss’} affixes to \isi{pronoun}s and \isi{determiner}s to create \isi{possessive pronoun}s and possessive \isi{demonstrative}s \sectref{sec:6.2}. These so-formed \isi{possessive pronoun}s may in turn occur in NPs (following the \isi{possessor} argument) to indicate \isi{possession}. Sentences \REF{ex:phrase:9} through \REF{ex:phrase:12} illustrate \isi{possession} marked on full NPs. The \isi{possessor} is indicated in \textbf{bold}.
A: word: atuma	 gloss: older.brother
B: word: atuma=p	 gloss: older.brother=COP
C: word: ma=kali-lï-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=send-put-PFV-DEP
D: word: upan	 gloss: fish.species
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji atuma ___ aweta mï tembi=p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS older.brother ___ friend 3SG.SUBJ bad=COP
The English translation of this sentence is:`My older brother’s friend is sick.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-nji} \textsc{`poss’} affixes to \isi{pronoun}s and \isi{determiner}s to create \isi{possessive pronoun}s and possessive \isi{demonstrative}s \sectref{sec:6.2}. These so-formed \isi{possessive pronoun}s may in turn occur in NPs (following the \isi{possessor} argument) to indicate \isi{possession}. Sentences \REF{ex:phrase:9} through \REF{ex:phrase:12} illustrate \isi{possession} marked on full NPs. The \isi{possessor} is indicated in \textbf{bold}.
A: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
B: word: tïkli	 gloss: turn
C: word: kuma-nji	 gloss: some{-poss}
D: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ tïn wo lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ dog own pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`His very own dog killed the pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: To intensify \isi{possessor} NPs that contain \isi{possessive pronoun}s, the modifier wo ‘very own’ may be added. Whereas the \isi{possessive pronoun} precedes the \isi{head noun}, the \isi{emphatic} modifier wo ‘very own’ follows it, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:13} through \REF{ex:phrase:16}.
A: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
B: word: kuma-nji	 gloss: some{-poss}
C: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
D: word: i-kali	 gloss: hand-send
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma-nji tïn ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBJ-POSS dog ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`His very own dog killed the pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: To intensify \isi{possessor} NPs that contain \isi{possessive pronoun}s, the modifier the morpheme ___ ‘very its gloss ___’ may be added. Whereas the \isi{possessive pronoun} precedes the \isi{head noun}, the \isi{emphatic} modifier the morpheme ___ ‘very its gloss ___’ follows it, as in examples \REF{ex:phrase:13} through \REF{ex:phrase:16}.
A: word: numïne	 gloss: ditch
B: word: wo	 gloss: own
C: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
D: word: ngun-nji	 gloss: 2DU-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B