cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘with food’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is no designated nominal \isi{morphology}. Nouns, however, may host the \isi{oblique} \isi{enclitic} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’, which signals that a \isi{noun phrase} is functioning in some role other than that of subject or object \REF{ex:overview:14}. The \isi{oblique} \isi{enclitic} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’ has the \isi{allomorph}s =ïn ‘\textsc{obl}’ and =nï ‘\textsc{obl}’.
A: word: mundu=n	 gloss: food=OBL
B: word: amun	 gloss: now
C: word: ma=la-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-IMP
D: word: mundu	 gloss: food
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the one going’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nouns may be \isi{derived} from verbs by means of the \isi{nominalizer} \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-en} ‘\textsc{nmlz’} \REF{ex:overview:15}. The \isi{nominalizer} \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-en} ‘\textsc{nmlz’} has the \isi{allomorph}s \textit{{}-n} ‘\textsc{nmlz}’, \textit{{}-wen} ‘\textsc{nmlz’}, and \textit{{}-yen} ‘\textsc{nmlz’.}
A: word: ni-en	 gloss: act{-nmlz}
B: word: i-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
C: word: lo-p-en	 gloss: go-PFV-NMLZ
D: word: wopa	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yana
Gloss (with missing item): ___ woman
The English translation of this sentence is:‘his wife’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Noun phrase}s are built around either a noun or a \isi{pronoun}. If there is a \isi{possessor} argument, it precedes the \isi{possessum} \REF{ex:overview:16}.
A: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
B: word: ambi	 gloss: big
C: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
D: word: kuma-nji	 gloss: some{-poss}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ambi ___
Gloss (with missing item): person big ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that big person’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Determiner}s, when they occur in \isi{noun phrase}s, are usually the final element of the NP \REF{ex:overview:19}.
A: word: ko=tï-n	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV
B: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
C: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
D: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tawatïp ngala ___
Gloss (with missing item): child PL.PROX ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘all these children’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{collective universal quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, however, follows \isi{determiner}s when it is used adnominits gloss ___y \REF{ex:overview:20}.
A: word: wopa	 gloss: all
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
D: word: keka	 gloss: completely
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï amun we ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG now sago ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I am eating sago now.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Imperfective} verbs are used for events and states that are viewed as incomplete or ongoing \REF{ex:overview:23}.
A: word: ndï=ama-e	 gloss: 3PL=eat-IPFV
B: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
C: word: ko=tï-n	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV
D: word: kïkal	 gloss: ear
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): itom mï lamndu ___
Gloss (with missing item): father 3SG.SUBJ pig ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Father killed the pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Perfective} verbs, on the other hand, are used for events and states that have reached their end \REF{ex:overview:24}.
A: word: wana	 gloss: PROH
B: word: ma-n-en	 gloss: go-IPFV-NMLZ
C: word: ma=asa-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
D: word: ma=asa-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV-DEP]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): itom mï apa ___
Gloss (with missing item): father 3SG.SUBJ house ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Father can build house.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Irrealis} verbs are used for events or states that are not known to the speaker to have happened \REF{ex:overview:25}.
A: word: it-ana	 gloss: build{-irr}
B: word: p-e	 gloss: be{-dep}
C: word: ma=ita-na	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-IRR
D: word: ita-na	 gloss: build-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): u ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Go!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Imperative}s are formed with the verbal \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-n} ‘\textsc{imp’}, which follows the \isi{verb stem} \REF{ex:overview:26}.
A: word: unda	 gloss: go
B: word: ma-n	 gloss: go-IMP
C: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
D: word: ma=in	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Sinda nji ___
Gloss (with missing item): [name] thing ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If Sinda cooks something …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Conditional} statements are formed with the verbal \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-ta} ‘\textsc{cond’}, which occurs on the verb in the \isi{protasis}, and which follows a \isi{TAM} \isi{suffix}, if present \REF{ex:overview:27}.
A: word: anma=p	 gloss: good=COP
B: word: wana-p-ta	 gloss: cook-PFV-COND
C: word: wana-p	 gloss: cook-PFV
D: word: ma=ina-p-ta	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=get-PFV-COND
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï ma=ul ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ 3SG.OBJ=with ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He might come with her.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{speculative} \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-t} ‘\textsc{spec’} may immediately follows the \isi{irrealis} \isi{suffix} on the verb to convey a sense of \isi{epistemic} possibility \REF{ex:overview:28}.
A: word: i-na-t	 gloss: come-IRR-SPEC
B: word: amun	 gloss: now
C: word: ma=si-na-t-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=push-IRR-SPEC-DEP
D: word: mbï-unda-na-t	 gloss: here-go-IRR-SPEC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ta ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG already ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ve already eaten.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is only one verbal \isi{prefix}, the \isi{detransitivizer} na- ‘\textsc{detr’}, which may be used to reduce the \isi{transitivity} of a verb \REF{ex:overview:29}.
A: word: la-ama-p	 gloss: IRR-eat-PFV
B: word: mï=na-na-ama-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ=DETR-DETR-eat-PFV-DEP
C: word: na-ama-p	 gloss: DETR-eat-PFV
D: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mïnda ___
Gloss (with missing item): banana ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘eating the banana’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Transitive} \isi{verb phrase}s often contain \isi{object marker}s, which are \isi{pronoun}-like verbal \isi{proclitic}s that index whether an object argument is \isi{singular} \REF{ex:overview:30}, \isi{dual} \REF{ex:overview:31}, or \isi{plural} \REF{ex:overview:32}.
A: word: i-ap	 gloss: go.PFV-PFV
B: word: ma=ama-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-IPFV
C: word: mï-nam	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ-EMPH
D: word: ma=ama-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): utam ___
Gloss (with missing item): yam ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘cooked the (two) yams’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Transitive} \isi{verb phrase}s often contain \isi{object marker}s, which are \isi{pronoun}-like verbal \isi{proclitic}s that index whether an object argument is \isi{singular} \REF{ex:overview:30}, \isi{dual} \REF{ex:overview:31}, or \isi{plural} \REF{ex:overview:32}.
A: word: ma=wana-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cook-PFV
B: word: amun	 gloss: now
C: word: min=ama-p	 gloss: 3DU=eat-PFV
D: word: min=wana-p	 gloss: 3DU=cook-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lamndu ___
Gloss (with missing item): pig ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘killed the pigs’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Transitive} \isi{verb phrase}s often contain \isi{object marker}s, which are \isi{pronoun}-like verbal \isi{proclitic}s that index whether an object argument is \isi{singular} \REF{ex:overview:30}, \isi{dual} \REF{ex:overview:31}, or \isi{plural} \REF{ex:overview:32}.
A: word: ndï=na-asa-p	 gloss: 3PL=DETR-hit-PFV
B: word: ndï=asa-p	 gloss: 3PL=hit-PFV
C: word: ko=tï-n	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV
D: word: ndï=asa-p-e	 gloss: 3PL=hit-PFV-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): way nungol ___
Gloss (with missing item): turtle child ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘caught a little tur{t}le’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{indefinite} marker ko= ‘\textsc{indf’} is another \isi{proclitic} that may precede a \isi{verb stem}. It indicates that the object of the verb is \isi{indefinite} \REF{ex:overview:33}.
A: word: ko=tï-n-e	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV-DEP
B: word: ngala=n	 gloss: PL.PROX=OBL
C: word: ko=tï-n	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV
D: word: ma-n	 gloss: go-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ na ma=wana
Gloss (with missing item): ___ talk 3SG.OBJ=feel
The English translation of this sentence is:‘hear the message’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some \isi{light verb}s co-occur with a preceding nominal element. These \isi{adjunct}-verb pairings may result in \isi{compound}-like structures. However, it is also possible for the \isi{nominal adjunct} to occur \isi{discontinuous}ly in the \isi{verb phrase} -- that is, with the object of the verb interceding \REF{ex:overview:34}.
A: word: kïkal	 gloss: ear
B: word: kïkal-wana	 gloss: ear-feel
C: word: (lele)	 gloss: (three)
D: word: p-e	 gloss: be{-dep}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kïkal na ___
Gloss (with missing item): ear talk ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘hear the message’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some \isi{light verb}s co-occur with a preceding nominal element. These \isi{adjunct}-verb pairings may result in \isi{compound}-like structures. However, it is also possible for the \isi{nominal adjunct} to occur \isi{discontinuous}ly in the \isi{verb phrase} -- that is, with the object of the verb interceding \REF{ex:overview:34}.
A: word: ma=wana	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=feel
B: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
C: word: ma=wana-ta	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=feel-say
D: word: ma=wana-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cook-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ apa ma=ala
Gloss (with missing item): ___ house 3SG.OBJ=see
The English translation of this sentence is:‘see the house’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These \isi{separable verb} forms occur commonly with \is{perception verb} verbs of perception. The irregular \isi{suppletive} verb ala- {\textasciitilde} andï- ‘see’, although itself glossed as ‘see’, must nevertheless co-occur with the nominal element the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in order to complete its meaning \REF{ex:overview:35}.
A: word: wiwila	 gloss: light
B: word: tamndï	 gloss: owner
C: word: nï-ambi	 gloss: 1SG-TOP
D: word: lïmndï	 gloss: eye
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lïmndï apa ___
Gloss (with missing item): eye house ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘see the house’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These \isi{separable verb} forms occur commonly with \is{perception verb} verbs of perception. The irregular \isi{suppletive} verb ala- {\textasciitilde} andï- ‘see’, although itself glossed as ‘see’, must nevertheless co-occur with the nominal element lïmndï ‘eye’ in order to complete its meaning \REF{ex:overview:35}.
A: word: ma=ala-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=see-DEP
B: word: ma=ala	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=see
C: word: ni-en	 gloss: act{-nmlz}
D: word: i-na-t	 gloss: come-IRR-SPEC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ___ mï
Gloss (with missing item): person ___ 3SG.SUBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the big person’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Attributive adjective}s follow the \isi{head noun} of the \isi{noun phrase} but precede any \isi{determiner}s \REF{ex:overview:36}.
A: word: ambi=p	 gloss: big=COP
B: word: ambi	 gloss: big
C: word: ma=wana	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=feel
D: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam mï ___
Gloss (with missing item): person 3SG.SUBJ ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The person is big.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Predicative adjective}s, on the other hand, exist \isi{syntactic}ally outside the \isi{noun phrase} -- that is, they follow all elements in the NP \REF{ex:overview:37}.
A: word: asa-p-e	 gloss: hit-PFV-DEP
B: word: ambi	 gloss: big
C: word: ambi=p	 gloss: big=COP
D: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mï ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG.SUBJ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The big one died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Adjective}s are not \isi{syntactic}ally very different from nouns. Thus, property-denoting words can themselves serve as the \isi{head}s of \isi{noun phrase}s \REF{ex:overview:38}.
A: word: ambi	 gloss: big
B: word: ambi=p	 gloss: big=COP
C: word: tïn	 gloss: dog
D: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A