cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he himself’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are other pronominal forms that may be created by combining these more basic forms with various \isi{suffix}es. The \isi{intensive} \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-awa} ‘\textsc{int}’ combines with \isi{non-subject} \isi{pronoun}s to stress their role in a sentence \REF{ex:overview:39}.
A: word: anda-awa	 gloss: SG.DIST-INT
B: word: ma=in	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in
C: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
D: word: ma-we	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-PART.INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he himself [from among several]’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{partitive-intensive} \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-we} ‘\textsc{part.int}’ combines with \isi{non-subject} \isi{pronoun}s to stress their role as sole participants in an event or action \REF{ex:overview:40}.
A: word: ma-we	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-PART.INT
B: word: ma-awa	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-INT
C: word: anda-we	 gloss: SG.DIST-PART.INT
D: word: tïn	 gloss: dog
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he’s the one’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{emphatic} \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-nam} ‘\textsc{emph’} serves similar functions to these two \isi{intensive} \isi{suffix}es, although it combines with the subject form of a \isi{pronoun} and it may be restricted to third person referents \REF{ex:overview:41}.
A: word: tï-na	 gloss: take-IRR
B: word: ma-we	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-PART.INT
C: word: (mï)	 gloss: (3SG.SUBJ)
D: word: mï-nam	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ-EMPH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘as for me, I …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{topic-marker} \isi{suffix} \textit{{}-ambi} ‘\textsc{top}’ may be used to mark the \isi{topic} of a sentence. It combines with \isi{non-subject} pronominal forms \REF{ex:overview:42}.
A: word: nï-ambi	 gloss: 1SG-TOP
B: word: nï=wat	 gloss: 1SG=atop
C: word: ma=ama-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-IPFV
D: word: ndï-ambi=kuli-lï-nda	 gloss: 3PL-TOP=throw-put-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): al ___
Gloss (with missing item): net ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘into the mosquito net’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The main formal difference between \isi{subject marker}s and \isi{non-subject marker}s occurs in the \isi{singular} forms: mï ‘3\textsc{sg.subj}’ versus ma= ‘3\textsc{sg.obj}’, the latter also exhibiting the \isi{phonological}ly conditioned \isi{allomorph} mo= ‘3\textsc{sg.obj}’. The \isi{dual} \isi{non-subject marker} min= ‘3\textsc{du}’ similarly exhibits an \isi{allomorph} mini= ‘\textsc{3du.obj’} when immediately preceding /n/. The \isi{non-subject marker}s \isi{clitic}ize to immediately following verbs or \isi{postposition}s \REF{ex:overview:44}.
A: word: ma=in	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ{=in}
B: word: i-na-t	 gloss: come-IRR-SPEC
C: word: ndï=wat-lï-p-e	 gloss: 3PL=atop-put-PFV-DEP
D: word: ma=in-lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in-put-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma=ul lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG=with pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘killed the pig with the dog’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Adposition}s always follow their object in Ulwa -- that is, there are only \isi{postposition}s, no \isi{preposition}s. \isi{Postpositional phrase}s occur within \isi{verb phrase}s, always preceding the \isi{head verb}. If the verb is \isi{transitive}, then the \isi{postpositional phrase} also precedes the object of the verb \REF{ex:overview:46}.
A: word: tïngïn=p-e	 gloss: many=COP-DEP
B: word: tïn	 gloss: dog
C: word: yetani	 gloss: Yamen
D: word: mï-nam	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ-EMPH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): dog ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘killed the pig with the dog’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Adposition}s always follow their object in Ulwa -- that is, there are only \isi{postposition}s, no \isi{preposition}s. \isi{Postpositional phrase}s occur within \isi{verb phrase}s, always preceding the \isi{head verb}. If the verb is \isi{transitive}, then the \isi{postpositional phrase} also precedes the object of the verb \REF{ex:overview:46}.
A: word: ma=ul	 gloss: 3SG=with
B: word: i-en	 gloss: go.PFV-NMLZ
C: word: ala=ul	 gloss: PL.DIST=with
D: word: uni-p-e	 gloss: shout-PFV-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï ___ {im-pul} {ma=tï-n}
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ ___ wood-piece 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It again got a piece of wood.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Adverb}s are non-\isi{inflect}ing words that are never required by the argument structure of a verb, but which can be employed to give additional information about things like the manner, \isi{time}, or space in which an action or event transpires. They typically follow subjects and precede objects \REF{ex:overview:47} but may alternatively appear as the first element within a clause \REF{ex:overview:48}.
A: word: suwol	 gloss: [name]
B: word: wolka	 gloss: again
C: word: i-na-t	 gloss: come-IRR-SPEC
D: word: amun	 gloss: now
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ tïn mï mïnda ma=ama-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ dog 3SG.SUBJ banana 3SG.OBJ=eat-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The dog is eating the banana now.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Adverb}s are non-\isi{inflect}ing words that are never required by the argument structure of a verb, but which can be employed to give additional information about things like the manner, \isi{time}, or space in which an action or event transpires. They typically follow subjects and precede objects \REF{ex:overview:47} but may alternatively appear as the first element within a clause \REF{ex:overview:48}.
A: word: amun	 gloss: now
B: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
C: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
D: word: mbï	 gloss: here
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn mï ___ mïnda ndï=ama-p
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3SG.SUBJ ___ banana 3PL=eat-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The dog did not eat the bananas.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \is{verbal negation} verbal negator the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{neg’} (‘no, not’) follows subjects and precedes objects \REF{ex:overview:49}.
A: word: angos	 gloss: what
B: word: ama-p-e	 gloss: eat-PFV-DEP
C: word: (ko)	 gloss: (NEG)
D: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): way ___ ambi me
Gloss (with missing item): turtle ___ big NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The turtle was not big.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Non-verbal negation}, on the other hand, usually occurs with a \isi{clause-final negator}, whether me ‘\textsc{neg’}, kom ‘\textsc{neg}’, or kome ‘\textsc{neg’}. These may co-occur with the preverbal \isi{negator} the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{neg}’ (‘no, not’), thereby creating a \isi{discontinuous} structure \REF{ex:overview:50}.
A: word: angos	 gloss: what
B: word: (ko)	 gloss: (NEG)
C: word: mundu=n	 gloss: food=OBL
D: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): way ango ambi ___
Gloss (with missing item): turtle NEG big ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The turtle was not big.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Non-verbal negation}, on the other hand, usually occurs with a \isi{clause-final negator}, whether the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{neg’}, kom ‘\textsc{neg}’, or kothe morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{neg’}. These may co-occur with the preverbal \isi{negator} ango ‘\textsc{neg}’ (‘no, not’), thereby creating a \isi{discontinuous} structure \REF{ex:overview:50}.
A: word: ma=in	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in
B: word: me	 gloss: NEG
C: word: ame	 gloss: basket
D: word: (ko)	 gloss: (NEG)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (u) ___ nï=wali-nda
Gloss (with missing item): (2SG) ___ 1SG=hit-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Don’t hit me!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Negative command}s (i.e., \isi{prohibition}s) are formed with the \isi{prohibitive} marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{proh}’ (‘don’t!’) \REF{ex:overview:51}. It occurs in the same position as the \is{verbal negation} verbal negator ango ‘\textsc{neg’} (‘no, not’) that is used in \isi{declarative} and \isi{interrogative} sentences. The \isi{prohibitive} marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{proh}’ has the \isi{allomorph} the morpheme ___p ‘\textsc{proh}’.
A: word: ngala	 gloss: PL.PROX
B: word: angos	 gloss: what
C: word: apwanam	 gloss: side.of.house
D: word: wana	 gloss: PROH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ utam ma=ama-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ yam 3SG.OBJ=eat-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Who ate the yam?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: No special words are needed for \isi{polar question}s, which are \isi{syntactic}ally identical to \isi{declarative} statements. These ‘yes/no’ questions are generally differentiated from statements through \isi{intonation} alits gloss ___. \isi{Content question}s, on the other hand, use \isi{interrogative} words, such as the morpheme ___ ‘who?’ or angos ‘what?’. The position of these \isi{question word}s is determined by their grammatical role in the clause. For example, a \isi{question word} occurs clause-initially if it is the grammatical subject of the \isi{question} \REF{ex:overview:52}, but clause-medially if it is the grammatical object \REF{ex:overview:53}.
A: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
B: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
C: word: kwa-nji	 gloss: one{-poss}
D: word: kwa	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): itom ___ ma=ama-p
Gloss (with missing item): father ___ 3SG.OBJ=eat-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘What did father eat?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: No special words are needed for \isi{polar question}s, which are \isi{syntactic}ally identical to \isi{declarative} statements. These ‘yes/no’ questions are generally differentiated from statements through \isi{intonation} alone. \isi{Content question}s, on the other hand, use \isi{interrogative} words, such as kwa ‘who?’ or the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___?’. The position of these \isi{question word}s is determined by their grammatical role in the clause. For example, a \isi{question word} occurs clause-initially if it is the grammatical subject of the \isi{question} \REF{ex:overview:52}, but clause-medially if it is the grammatical object \REF{ex:overview:53}.
A: word: angos	 gloss: what
B: word: nji	 gloss: thing
C: word: lopo-p-e	 gloss: wash-PFV-DEP
D: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ngun mundu ngun=asa ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2DU hunger 2DU=hit ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You two are hungry, yeah?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Interjection}s the morpheme ___re sometimes glossed with the morpheme ___pproximthe morpheme ___tions in \ili{English} (e.g., ‘the morpheme ___h’, ‘hey’) the morpheme ___nd the morpheme ___re other times glossed the morpheme ___s ‘\textsc{interj}’. This cthe morpheme ___tegory the morpheme ___lso includes the \isi{tthe morpheme ___g question} \isi{interjection} the morpheme ___ {\textthe morpheme ___sciitilde} e ‘eh?’, which mthe morpheme ___y be used utterthe morpheme ___nce-finthe morpheme ___lly in \is{polthe morpheme ___r question} polthe morpheme ___r \isi{interrogthe morpheme ___tive}s, typicthe morpheme ___lly in \isi{lethe morpheme ___ding question}s \REF{ex:overview:54}.
A: word: ma=in	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in
B: word: a	 gloss: INTERJ
C: word: ma-na-t	 gloss: go-IRR-SPEC
D: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___
Gloss (with missing item): ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Hey, Supam!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{vocative} \isi{interjection} =o ‘\textsc{voc}’ may \isi{clitic}ize to various forms when the referents are being emphasized or are being directly called to \REF{ex:overview:55}.
A: word: supam	 gloss: {[[name]}
B: word: mongima	 gloss: [name]
C: word: supam=o	 gloss: [name]=VOC
D: word: nï-ambi	 gloss: 1SG-TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam mï ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): person 3SG.SUBJ ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The person hit the pig with a spear.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Oblique} NPs most commonly follow the subject and precede the \isi{verb phrase} (i.e., SXV or SXOV) \REF{ex:overview:57}.
A: word: mana	 gloss: spear
B: word: nana=nï	 gloss: mama=OBL
C: word: mana=nï	 gloss: spear=OBL
D: word: wana	 gloss: PROH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji itom mï ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS father 3SG.SUBJ ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My father is good.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Non-verbal predication} can be accomplished without any overt verbal marking. In such constructions, the \isi{predicate} (whether a noun, \isi{noun phrase}, or \isi{adjective}) simply follows the subject \REF{ex:overview:58}.
A: word: anma=nï	 gloss: good=OBL
B: word: p-e	 gloss: be{-dep}
C: word: anma=p	 gloss: good=COP
D: word: anma	 gloss: good
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji itom mï ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS father 3SG.SUBJ ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My father is good.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As an alternative to these \is{zero copula} zero-copula constructions, it is also possible to add a \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’ to a noun, \isi{adjective}, or other \isi{parts of speech} to create a \isi{predicate} \REF{ex:overview:59}.
A: word: anma=p-ta	 gloss: good=COP-COND
B: word: anma=p-e	 gloss: good=COP{-dep]}
C: word: anma=p	 gloss: good=COP
D: word: anma	 gloss: good
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C