cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ u=iya ma=i wap
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ 2SG=toward 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`I went there to you today.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the three basic \isi{temporal adverb}s (the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, awal ‘yesterday’, and umbe ‘tomorrow’) generally occur immediately after the subject (when it is expressed), they may alternatively occur before the subject (i.e., clause-initially), as in \REF{ex:otherwc:36}, \REF{ex:otherwc:39}, and \REF{ex:otherwc:41}. There is a tendency to place the \isi{temporal adverb} before \isi{postpositional phrase}s, as in \REF{ex:otherwc:42} and \REF{ex:otherwc:43}.
A: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
B: word: mbï	 gloss: here
C: word: amun	 gloss: now
D: word: umbe	 gloss: tomorrow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ ma=n ndï=ta
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ 3SG.OBJ=OBL 3PL=say
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I just recently told them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, \isi{temporal adverb}s tend to precede \isi{oblique}-marked NPs, as in \REF{ex:otherwc:44}.
A: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
B: word: amun	 gloss: now
C: word: mbï	 gloss: here
D: word: min	 gloss: 3DU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan ___ wolka i-na
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL ___ again come-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`We’ll come again tomorrow.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \isi{temporal adverb}s occur with other adverbs, however, the order seems rather flexible. In example \REF{ex:otherwc:40}, the \isi{adverb} wolka ‘again’ follows the \isi{temporal adverb} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’. It is possible, however, for this \isi{adverb} to precede the \isi{temporal adverb} as well. The variability in ordering of adverbs may be seen in \REF{ex:otherwc:45} and \REF{ex:otherwc:46}.
A: word: awal	 gloss: yesterday
B: word: umbe	 gloss: tomorrow
C: word: p-na	 gloss: be-IRR
D: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ngan ango ___ wolka ma=i-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1DU.EXCL NEG ___ again 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have not gone there again lately.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \isi{temporal adverb}s occur with other adverbs, however, the order seems rather flexible. In example \REF{ex:otherwc:40}, the \isi{adverb} wolka ‘again’ follows the \isi{temporal adverb} umbe ‘tomorrow’. It is possible, however, for this \isi{adverb} to precede the \isi{temporal adverb} as well. The variability in ordering of adverbs may be seen in \REF{ex:otherwc:45} and \REF{ex:otherwc:46}.
A: word: mbï	 gloss: here
B: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
C: word: amun	 gloss: now
D: word: nga=wat	 gloss: SG.PROX=atop
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ngan ango amun ___ ma=i-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1DU.EXCL NEG now ___ 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have not gone there again lately.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \isi{temporal adverb}s occur with other adverbs, however, the order seems rather flexible. In example \REF{ex:otherwc:40}, the \isi{adverb} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ follows the \isi{temporal adverb} umbe ‘tomorrow’. It is possible, however, for this \isi{adverb} to precede the \isi{temporal adverb} as well. The variability in ordering of adverbs may be seen in \REF{ex:otherwc:45} and \REF{ex:otherwc:46}.
A: word: amun	 gloss: now
B: word: ma-na-t	 gloss: go-IRR-SPEC
C: word: suwol	 gloss: [name]
D: word: wolka	 gloss: again
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ango ___ amun ma=i
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG ___ now 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have not gone there again lately.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \isi{temporal adverb}s occur with other adverbs, however, the order seems rather flexible. In example \REF{ex:otherwc:40}, the \isi{adverb} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ follows the \isi{temporal adverb} umbe ‘tomorrow’. It is possible, however, for this \isi{adverb} to precede the \isi{temporal adverb} as well. The variability in ordering of adverbs may be seen in \REF{ex:otherwc:45} and \REF{ex:otherwc:46}.
A: word: amun	 gloss: now
B: word: nï=ala	 gloss: 1SG=see
C: word: wolka	 gloss: again
D: word: suwol	 gloss: [name]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ango wolka ___ ma=i
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG again ___ 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have not gone there again lately.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \isi{temporal adverb}s occur with other adverbs, however, the order seems rather flexible. In example \REF{ex:otherwc:40}, the \isi{adverb} wolka ‘again’ follows the \isi{temporal adverb} umbe ‘tomorrow’. It is possible, however, for this \isi{adverb} to precede the \isi{temporal adverb} as well. The variability in ordering of adverbs may be seen in \REF{ex:otherwc:45} and \REF{ex:otherwc:46}.
A: word: mbï	 gloss: here
B: word: moweka	 gloss: also
C: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
D: word: amun	 gloss: now
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ an-ambi keka we ulwa=p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1PL.EXCL-TOP completely sago nothing=COP
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for us, we were completely out of sago yesterday.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As in example \REF{ex:otherwc:39}, there may also be a preference among some speakers to place the \isi{temporal adverb} before the subject in clauses containing multiple \isi{oblique} expressions, such as adverbs. In example \REF{ex:otherwc:47}, the sentence contains the adverbs amun ‘now’ and wolka ‘again’, the former occurring clause-initially.
A: word: awal	 gloss: yesterday
B: word: anda-awa	 gloss: SG.DIST-INT
C: word: umbe	 gloss: tomorrow
D: word: ma=ala-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=see-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yalum ngala wolka mbï-u-lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ grandchild PL.PROX again here-from-go-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now these grandsons came around here again.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As in example \REF{ex:otherwc:39}, there may also be a preference among some speakers to place the \isi{temporal adverb} before the subject in clauses containing multiple \isi{oblique} expressions, such as adverbs. In example \REF{ex:otherwc:47}, the sentence contains the adverbs the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ and wolka ‘again’, the former occurring clause-initially.
A: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
B: word: anda=wat	 gloss: SG.DIST=atop
C: word: mbï	 gloss: here
D: word: amun	 gloss: now
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ___ wa ndï=ale-e
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ just 3PL=scrape-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nowadays they just scrape them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, \isi{modal adverb}s such as wa ‘just’ may either follow \REF{ex:otherwc:48} or precede \REF{ex:otherwc:49} \isi{temporal adverb}s.
A: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
B: word: mbï	 gloss: here
C: word: moweka	 gloss: also
D: word: amun	 gloss: now
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï amun ___ ndï=ale-e
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL now ___ 3PL=scrape-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nowadays they just scrape them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, \isi{modal adverb}s such as the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ may either follow \REF{ex:otherwc:48} or precede \REF{ex:otherwc:49} \isi{temporal adverb}s.
A: word: wandam	 gloss: jungle
B: word: moweka	 gloss: also
C: word: nga=wat	 gloss: SG.PROX=atop
D: word: wa	 gloss: just
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ___ amun kuli ata [na]-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ now throw up [DETR]-be
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now they are just coming up well.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, \isi{modal adverb}s such as the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ may either follow \REF{ex:otherwc:48} or precede \REF{ex:otherwc:49} \isi{temporal adverb}s.
A: word: moweka	 gloss: also
B: word: anda=wat	 gloss: SG.DIST=atop
C: word: wandam	 gloss: jungle
D: word: wa	 gloss: just
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï wa ___ kuli ata [na]-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL just ___ throw up [DETR]-be
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now they are just coming up well.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, \isi{modal adverb}s such as wa ‘just’ may either follow \REF{ex:otherwc:48} or precede \REF{ex:otherwc:49} \isi{temporal adverb}s.
A: word: maka=p-e	 gloss: thus=be{-dep}
B: word: mbï	 gloss: here
C: word: amun	 gloss: now
D: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ay nga-nam ___ Prayde
Gloss (with missing item): ay SG.PROX{-emph} ___ Friday
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ay, that’s it, today is Friday.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although one of the defining characteristics of the class of adverbs is that its members do not permit any nominal or \isi{verbal morphology}, this claim is confounded by the fact that words such as the morpheme ___ ‘today’, awal ‘yesterday’, and umbe ‘tomorrow’ may also function as nouns, as illustrated in \REF{ex:otherwc:50} and \REF{ex:otherwc:51}, where the \isi{temporal} words appear to be \isi{head}ing subject NPs.
A: word: amun	 gloss: now
B: word: mbï	 gloss: here
C: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
D: word: umbe	 gloss: tomorrow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ an-mbï-i angos mundu mï anma=p-ta u ma=la-nda
Gloss (with missing item): ___ out-here-go.PFV what food 3SG.SUBJ good=COP-COND 2SG 3SG.OBJ=eat-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`When tomorrow comes what food will be good for you to eat?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although one of the defining characteristics of the class of adverbs is that its members do not permit any nominal or \isi{verbal morphology}, this claim is confounded by the fact that words such as amun ‘today’, awal ‘yesterday’, and the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ may also function as nouns, as illustrated in \REF{ex:otherwc:50} and \REF{ex:otherwc:51}, where the \isi{temporal} words appear to be \isi{head}ing subject NPs.
A: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
B: word: ala=angani	 gloss: PL.DIST=behind
C: word: awal	 gloss: yesterday
D: word: umbe	 gloss: tomorrow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): u-nji nungol ngala ___ kalam nga=ul ma-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG-POSS child PL.PROX ___ knowledge SG.PROX=with go-IPFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Your children are still in school.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These nominal forms may receive the \isi{copular enclitic}. When occurring with the word amun ‘today’, this marker can give the sense of ‘still’ (or, in \isi{negative} \isi{polarity}, ‘yet’), as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:otherwc:52} through \REF{ex:otherwc:56}.
A: word: amun=p-ta	 gloss: now=COP{-cond}
B: word: min	 gloss: 3DU
C: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
D: word: anjikaka=p-e	 gloss: how=COP-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): u ___ wol ulwa=p
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG ___ breast nothing=COP
The English translation of this sentence is:`You don’t have breasts yet.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These nominal forms may receive the \isi{copular enclitic}. When occurring with the word amun ‘today’, this marker can give the sense of ‘still’ (or, in \isi{negative} \isi{polarity}, ‘yet’), as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:otherwc:52} through \REF{ex:otherwc:56}.
A: word: anjikaka=p-e	 gloss: how=COP-DEP
B: word: mbï-u	 gloss: here-from
C: word: amun=p-ta	 gloss: now=COP{-cond}
D: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ p-e inim ndï=n apïn u-p ay ndï=nïkï-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ be{-dep} water 3PL=OBL fire put-PFV sago 3PL=dig-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the afternoon, [we] put water on the fire and made sago.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the morpheme ___ ‘yesterday’ is followed by [p], however, it generally has the sense of ‘its gloss ___’, as in \REF{ex:otherwc:57} and \REF{ex:otherwc:58}. This, rather, seems to be an instantiation of the \isi{locative verb} p- ‘be at’, here being \isi{metaphor}ically extended to \isi{temporal} meaning. Something similar seems to occurs with the noun imba ‘night’, in phrases such as imba pe ‘at night’.\footnote{There are no attested uses of umbe ‘tomorrow’ with \isi{copula}r or \isi{locative} marking.}
A: word: anda-awa	 gloss: SG.DIST-INT
B: word: anma=p-ta	 gloss: good=COP-COND
C: word: tïki	 gloss: again
D: word: awal	 gloss: afternoon
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): awal ___ inim ndï=n apïn u-p ay ndï=nïkï-p
Gloss (with missing item): afternoon ___ water 3PL=OBL fire put-PFV sago 3PL=dig-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the afternoon, [we] put water on the fire and made sago.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When awal ‘yesterday’ is followed by [p], however, it generally has the sense of ‘afternoon’, as in \REF{ex:otherwc:57} and \REF{ex:otherwc:58}. This, rather, seems to be an instantiation of the \isi{locative verb} p- ‘be at’, here being \isi{metaphor}ically extended to \isi{temporal} meaning. Something similar seems to occurs with the noun imba ‘night’, in phrases such as imba pe ‘at night’.\footnote{There are no attested uses of umbe ‘tomorrow’ with \isi{copula}r or \isi{locative} marking.}
A: word: p-e	 gloss: be{-dep}
B: word: mbï-p-e	 gloss: here-be-DEP
C: word: nï=angani	 gloss: 1SG=behind
D: word: maka=p-e	 gloss: thus=be{-dep}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A