cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji nungol mï apa ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS child 3SG.SUBJ house ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`My son is building a house.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized \isi{transitive} verbs can maintain their objects. Example \REF{ex:nouns:24} illustrates a \isi{transitive} clause. An entire nominalized VP (object plus verb) of such a \isi{transitive} clause can function as the \isi{predicate nominative} \REF{ex:nouns:21}, subject \REF{ex:nouns:22}, or object \REF{ex:nouns:23} of a sentence.
A: word: n-e	 gloss: want-IPFV
B: word: nï=wana-e-n	 gloss: 1SG=feel-IPFV{-?}
C: word: ita-e	 gloss: build-IPFV
D: word: ma=ita-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji nungol mï ___ ita-en
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS child 3SG.SUBJ ___ build-NMLZ
The English translation of this sentence is:`My son is a house builder.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized \isi{transitive} verbs can maintain their objects. Example \REF{ex:nouns:24} illustrates a \isi{transitive} clause. An entire nominalized VP (object plus verb) of such a \isi{transitive} clause can function as the \isi{predicate nominative} \REF{ex:nouns:21}, subject \REF{ex:nouns:22}, or object \REF{ex:nouns:23} of a sentence.
A: word: wapata=p-ta	 gloss: dry=COP-COND
B: word: apwanam	 gloss: side.of.house
C: word: mïnda	 gloss: banana
D: word: apa	 gloss: house
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji nungol mï apa ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS child 3SG.SUBJ house ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`My son is a house builder.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized \isi{transitive} verbs can maintain their objects. Example \REF{ex:nouns:24} illustrates a \isi{transitive} clause. An entire nominalized VP (object plus verb) of such a \isi{transitive} clause can function as the \isi{predicate nominative} \REF{ex:nouns:21}, subject \REF{ex:nouns:22}, or object \REF{ex:nouns:23} of a sentence.
A: word: ngala=n	 gloss: PL.PROX=OBL
B: word: unda-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
C: word: ita-en	 gloss: build-NMLZ
D: word: ma=ita-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ita-en mï ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ build-NMLZ 3SG.SUBJ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The house builder died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized \isi{transitive} verbs can maintain their objects. Example \REF{ex:nouns:24} illustrates a \isi{transitive} clause. An entire nominalized VP (object plus verb) of such a \isi{transitive} clause can function as the \isi{predicate nominative} \REF{ex:nouns:21}, subject \REF{ex:nouns:22}, or object \REF{ex:nouns:23} of a sentence.
A: word: nungun-u-p-en	 gloss: break-put-PFV-NMLZ
B: word: wapata=p-ta	 gloss: dry=COP-COND
C: word: apwanam	 gloss: side.of.house
D: word: apa	 gloss: house
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): apa ___ mï ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): house ___ 3SG.SUBJ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The house builder died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized \isi{transitive} verbs can maintain their objects. Example \REF{ex:nouns:24} illustrates a \isi{transitive} clause. An entire nominalized VP (object plus verb) of such a \isi{transitive} clause can function as the \isi{predicate nominative} \REF{ex:nouns:21}, subject \REF{ex:nouns:22}, or object \REF{ex:nouns:23} of a sentence.
A: word: ma=ita-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-NMLZ
B: word: ita-en	 gloss: build-NMLZ
C: word: ini	 gloss: ground
D: word: wow-en	 gloss: sleep.IPFV{-nmlz]}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï lïmndï ni-p-e ___ ita-en ma=ala
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG eye die-PFV-DEP ___ build-NMLZ 3SG.OBJ=see
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw the dead house builder.’\footnote{The \isi{suffix} -e ‘DEP’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized \isi{transitive} verbs can maintain their objects. Example \REF{ex:nouns:24} illustrates a \isi{transitive} clause. An entire nominalized VP (object plus verb) of such a \isi{transitive} clause can function as the \isi{predicate nominative} \REF{ex:nouns:21}, subject \REF{ex:nouns:22}, or object \REF{ex:nouns:23} of a sentence.
A: word: apwanam	 gloss: side.of.house
B: word: apa	 gloss: house
C: word: wapata=p-ta	 gloss: dry=COP-COND
D: word: itom	 gloss: father
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï lïmndï ni-p-e apa ___ ma=ala
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG eye die-PFV-DEP house ___ 3SG.OBJ=see
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw the dead house builder.’\footnote{The \isi{suffix} -e ‘DEP’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized \isi{transitive} verbs can maintain their objects. Example \REF{ex:nouns:24} illustrates a \isi{transitive} clause. An entire nominalized VP (object plus verb) of such a \isi{transitive} clause can function as the \isi{predicate nominative} \REF{ex:nouns:21}, subject \REF{ex:nouns:22}, or object \REF{ex:nouns:23} of a sentence.
A: word: unda-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
B: word: ita-en	 gloss: build-NMLZ
C: word: lumo-p	 gloss: put-PFV
D: word: ma=ita-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ wutota mï li-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ tall 3SG.SUBJ down-put
The English translation of this sentence is:`The tall jumper fell.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In sentence \REF{ex:nouns:25}, the \isi{nominalize}d verb is modified by an \isi{adjective}, wutota ‘tall’, and the entire NP is marked as the subject of the clause by the \isi{subject marker} mï ‘3\textsc{sg.subj}’.
A: word: ulep-aw-en	 gloss: jump-put.IPFV-NMLZ
B: word: ma-n-en	 gloss: go-IPFV-NMLZ
C: word: alum	 gloss: child
D: word: ndï=mïmïl-aw-e	 gloss: 3PL=wring-put.IPFV-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï lïmndï mïnda ___ wutota ma=ala
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG eye banana ___ tall 3SG.OBJ=see
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw the tall banana-eater.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In sentence \REF{ex:nouns:26}, the nominalized verb is the \isi{head} of an NP that is serving as \isi{direct object} and receives the \isi{object marker} ma= ‘3\textsc{sg.obj’}.
A: word: ama-en	 gloss: eat-NMLZ
B: word: apa	 gloss: house
C: word: unda-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
D: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): li ___ ndï wopa wa i
Gloss (with missing item): down ___ 3PL all village go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The downstream people all came to the village.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:nouns:27}, the nominalizer \isi{suffix} attaches to the \isi{locative verb} p- ‘be at’, which here has a \isi{location} as its grammatical object (indexed with the \isi{object-marker} \isi{proclitic} ma= ‘3\textsc{sg.obj’}).
A: word: ma=p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be{-dep}
B: word: wow-en	 gloss: sleep.IPFV{-nmlz]}
C: word: ma=unda-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=go-NMLZ
D: word: ma=p-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be{-nmlz}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma-nji inom ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBJ-POSS mother ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`his biological mother’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As NPs, these \isi{phrase}s formed with nominalizations can also be \isi{possessed} -- that is, they can be modified by \is{possession} possessive words preceding them (\sectref{sec:6.2}, \sectref{sec:9.1}). Example \REF{ex:nouns:28} is a bit unusual in showing \isi{perfective} marking on the verb.
A: word: wow-en	 gloss: sleep.IPFV{-nmlz]}
B: word: ma=a-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=break-PFV
C: word: ma=kot-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=break-PFV
D: word: ma=kot-p-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=break-PFV-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ango ay nïpat ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG sago giant ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I don’t eat a lot of sago.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized verb forms may be used to define or describe people’s characteristics or habits, as illustrated by \REF{ex:nouns:29}, \REF{ex:nouns:30}, and \REF{ex:nouns:31}.
A: word: ama-en	 gloss: eat-NMLZ
B: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
C: word: unda-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
D: word: namna=p-en	 gloss: afraid=COP-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an-ambi aw ___ ala-awa
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL-TOP betel.nut ___ PL.DIST-INT
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for us, we’re really betel nut chewers.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized verb forms may be used to define or describe people’s characteristics or habits, as illustrated by \REF{ex:nouns:29}, \REF{ex:nouns:30}, and \REF{ex:nouns:31}.
A: word: unda-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
B: word: nungun-u-p-en	 gloss: break-put-PFV-NMLZ
C: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
D: word: ama-en	 gloss: eat-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï wandam nga=p-e ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG jungle SG.PROX=be{-ipfv} ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I live in this jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized verb forms may be used to define or describe people’s characteristics or habits, as illustrated by \REF{ex:nouns:29}, \REF{ex:nouns:30}, and \REF{ex:nouns:31}.
A: word: na-wow-e	 gloss: DETR-sleep.IPFV{-dep}
B: word: moko-e	 gloss: take-IPFV
C: word: alum	 gloss: child
D: word: wow-en	 gloss: sleep.IPFV-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma-ngusuwata ango nï=iya ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBJ{-}poor NEG 1SG=toward ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The poor thing doesn’t come around here to me [anymore].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized verb forms also commonly indicate \isi{habitual} action, as in \REF{ex:nouns:32}, \REF{ex:nouns:33}, and \REF{ex:nouns:34}.
A: word: mbï-p-en	 gloss: here-be{-nmlz}
B: word: namna=p-en	 gloss: afraid=COP-NMLZ
C: word: mbï-unda-en	 gloss: here-go-NMLZ
D: word: an-mbï-unda-e	 gloss: out-here-go-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ala mundu=n ambla=ul ___
Gloss (with missing item): PL.DIST food=OBL PL.REFL=with ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`They were ones who walked around with food with one another.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized verb forms also commonly indicate \isi{habitual} action, as in \REF{ex:nouns:32}, \REF{ex:nouns:33}, and \REF{ex:nouns:34}.
A: word: inda-e	 gloss: walk-IPFV
B: word: nï=wana-e-n	 gloss: 1SG=feel-IPFV{-?}
C: word: unda-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
D: word: inda-en	 gloss: walk-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an ango ndï=iya amba ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL NEG 3PL=toward mens.house ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We didn’t go to them in the men’s house.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nominalized verb forms also commonly indicate \isi{habitual} action, as in \REF{ex:nouns:32}, \REF{ex:nouns:33}, and \REF{ex:nouns:34}.
A: word: lam	 gloss: meat
B: word: unda-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
C: word: lo-p-en	 gloss: go-PFV-NMLZ
D: word: mbï-unda-en	 gloss: here-go-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-ambi sawe anmoka ala ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-TOP HAB snake from ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for me, I am afraid of snakes.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:nouns:35}, the speaker uses a \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{aspect}ual marker save ‘\textsc{hab}’ (literally ‘know’), which indicates \isi{habitual} action, along with a nominalizing \isi{suffix}. For more on the structural influences of \ili{Tok Pisin} on Ulwa, see \chapref{sec:15}.
A: word: lukawtim=p-en	 gloss: look.after=COP-NMLZ
B: word: namna=p-en	 gloss: afraid=COP-NMLZ
C: word: unda-en	 gloss: go-NMLZ
D: word: ma=p-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be{-nmlz}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): apa ___ ankam mï
Gloss (with missing item): house ___ person 3SG.SUBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`the person who is building the house’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While typically forming \is{agent noun} agentive nouns, the nominalizer \isi{suffix} -en ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ may also be used to create a more \is{patient noun} \isi{patient}ive noun (\isi{nomen patientis}), which is derived not from the logical subject of the verb \REF{ex:nouns:36}, but rather from the \isi{direct object} \REF{ex:nouns:37}.
A: word: ma=ita-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-IPFV
B: word: ma=p-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be{-nmlz}
C: word: sina	 gloss: knife
D: word: ma=ita-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ apa mï
Gloss (with missing item): ___ house 3SG.SUBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`the house that is being built’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While typically forming \is{agent noun} agentive nouns, the nominalizer \isi{suffix} -en ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ may also be used to create a more \is{patient noun} \isi{patient}ive noun (\isi{nomen patientis}), which is derived not from the logical subject of the verb \REF{ex:nouns:36}, but rather from the \isi{direct object} \REF{ex:nouns:37}.
A: word: ita-en	 gloss: build-NMLZ
B: word: mbï-unda-en	 gloss: here-go-NMLZ
C: word: ni-p-e	 gloss: [die-PFV-DEP]
D: word: ma=ita-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mï
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG.SUBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:(a) ‘the one who is building’\\’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There can therefore at times be ambiguity, as in \REF{ex:nouns:38}.
A: word: ma=ita-en	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-NMLZ
B: word: uta	 gloss: shell
C: word: anda=n	 gloss: SG.DIST=OBL
D: word: ita-en	 gloss: build-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D