cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): un-nji yena un-nji ini=n ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL-POSS woman 2PL-POSS ground=OBL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`[They] are your women; [so] find your land!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \ili{Tok Pisin} verbs are \isi{borrow}ed into Ulwa, they are typically treated as \isi{intransitive}, regardless of their \isi{semantics}. The logical object of the verb is not indexed by an \isi{object marker}, but instead appears as the \isi{head} of an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase} marked by the \isi{oblique marker} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’.\footnote{This occurs even with \ili{Tok Pisin} verbs that are marked with the \isi{transitive} \isi{suffix} -im, which of course is not a \isi{transitive} marker in Ulwa.} The \ili{Tok Pisin} verb is usually employed without any \isi{TAM} marking, as in \ili{Tok Pisin}. Examples \REF{ex:loss:18}, \REF{ex:loss:19}, and \REF{ex:loss:20} illustrate the use of \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verbs without any \isi{suffix} or \isi{auxiliary verb}. Note the absence of any grammatical object and the use of the \isi{oblique marker} =n `\textsc{obl}’.
A: word: laynim	 gloss: teach
B: word: kalam	 gloss: knowledge
C: word: paynim	 gloss: find
D: word: mboylim	 gloss: boil
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï=n ___ i ndï=ala ya ma=uta-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL=OBL ___ go.PFV 3PL=for coconut 3SG.OBJ=grind-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] boiled them and ground a coconut for them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes, however, the \isi{aspect} or \isi{mood} of a detransitivized \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verb may be conveyed by means of an \isi{auxiliary} ‘going’ verb: (ma- {\textasciitilde} i ‘go’ or unda- ‘go around’). As elsewhere with such detransitivized verb constructions, the logical object is expressed in an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase}. Examples \REF{ex:loss:22} through \REF{ex:loss:27} illustrate various ‘going’ verbs used with detransitivized \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verbs.
A: word: ndï=ale-p	 gloss: 3PL=scrape-PFV
B: word: wana-nda	 gloss: cook-IRR
C: word: sïmboy	 gloss: child
D: word: mboylim	 gloss: boil
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï=n mboylim ___ ndï=ala ya ma=uta-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL=OBL boil ___ 3PL=for coconut 3SG.OBJ=grind-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] boiled them and ground a coconut for them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometthe morpheme ___mes, however, the \the morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___{aspect} or \the morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___{mood} of a detransthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___zed \the morpheme ___lthe morpheme ___{Tok Pthe morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___n} loan verb may be conveyed by means of an \the morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___{auxthe morpheme ___lthe morpheme ___ary} ‘gothe morpheme ___ng’ verb: (ma- {\textascthe morpheme ___the morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___lde} the morpheme ___ ‘go’ or unda- ‘go around’). As elsewhere wthe morpheme ___th such detransthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___zed verb constructthe morpheme ___ons, the logthe morpheme ___cal object the morpheme ___s expressed the morpheme ___n an \the morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___{oblthe morpheme ___que} \the morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___{phrase}. Examples \REF{ex:loss:22} through \REF{ex:loss:27} the morpheme ___llustrate varthe morpheme ___ous ‘gothe morpheme ___ng’ verbs used wthe morpheme ___th detransthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___zed \the morpheme ___lthe morpheme ___{Tok Pthe morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___n} loan verbs.
A: word: paynim	 gloss: find
B: word: i	 gloss: go.PFV
C: word: itom	 gloss: father
D: word: ma=kamb	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=shun
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ya i mas tokples nga=n ___ unda
Gloss (with missing item): yeah PRED must tokples SG.PROX=OBL ___ go
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yeah, [we] have to teach [them] this tokples [= vernacular].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes, however, the \isi{aspect} or \isi{mood} of a detransitivized \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verb may be conveyed by means of an \isi{auxiliary} ‘going’ verb: (ma- {\textasciitilde} i ‘go’ or unda- ‘go around’). As elsewhere with such detransitivized verb constructions, the logical object is expressed in an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase}. Examples \REF{ex:loss:22} through \REF{ex:loss:27} illustrate various ‘going’ verbs used with detransitivized \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verbs.
A: word: laynim	 gloss: teach
B: word: u=alpim	 gloss: 2SG=help
C: word: paynim	 gloss: find
D: word: ticha	 gloss: teacher
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ya i mas tokples nga=n laynim ___
Gloss (with missing item): yeah PRED must tokples SG.PROX=OBL teach ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yeah, [we] have to teach [them] this tokples [= vernacular].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes, however, the \isi{aspect} or \isi{mood} of a detransitivized \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verb may be conveyed by means of an \isi{auxiliary} ‘its gloss ___ing’ verb: (ma- {\textasciitilde} i ‘its gloss ___’ or the morpheme ___- ‘its gloss ___ around’). As elsewhere with such detransitivized verb constructions, the logical object is expressed in an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase}. Examples \REF{ex:loss:22} through \REF{ex:loss:27} illustrate various ‘its gloss ___ing’ verbs used with detransitivized \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verbs.
A: word: na-i-e	 gloss: DETR-go.PFV-DEP
B: word: unda-e	 gloss: go-DEP
C: word: u-lo	 gloss: from-go
D: word: unda	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ u-nji wombïn ma=n ni-nda
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG-POSS work 3SG.OBJ=OBL act-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] will help you do your work.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Notably, one \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verb does seem to permit objects: this is the \ili{Tok Pisin} verb helpim ‘help’, which is generally pronounced [alpim] in Ulwa. As in some varieties of \ili{Tok Pisin}, Ulwa lacks the \isi{glottal} \isi{fricative} [h]. Ulwa furthermore forbids the \is{mid vowel} mid \isi{front vowel} [e] word-initially. In example \REF{ex:loss:21}, the 2\textsc{sg} \isi{object marker} is the \isi{direct object} of the verb.
A: word: u=nap	 gloss: 2SG=for
B: word: ma=alpim	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=help
C: word: kuma=n	 gloss: some=OBL
D: word: u=alpim	 gloss: 2SG=help
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nungol ndï ___ unda-e ma=ul inamba=n nji ndï=ina-e
Gloss (with missing item): child 3PL ___ go-DEP 3SG.OBJ=with money=OBL thing 3PL=get-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The children are helping him buy things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:loss:28} illustrates the use of the verb alpim ‘help’ with the \isi{auxiliary verb} unda- ‘go around’.
A: word: u=alpim	 gloss: 2SG=help
B: word: iken	 gloss: may
C: word: ma=in	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in
D: word: ma=alpim	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=help
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nungol ndï ma=alpim ___ ma=ul inamba=n nji ndï=ina-e
Gloss (with missing item): child 3PL 3SG.OBJ=help ___ 3SG.OBJ=with money=OBL thing 3PL=get-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The children are helping him buy things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:loss:28} illustrates the use of the verb alpim ‘help’ with the \isi{auxiliary verb} unda- ‘go around’.
A: word: lï-p-e	 gloss: [put-]PFV-DEP
B: word: unda-e	 gloss: go-DEP
C: word: ta-e	 gloss: say-DEP
D: word: mbï-unda-en	 gloss: here-go-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ango tïki ankam ___ lukawtim=p-na
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG again person ___ look.after=COP-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`I won’t look after other people anymore.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The loan verb lukawtim ‘look after’ is also exceptional in that it seems sometimes to take the \isi{copular enclitic} rather than using a \isi{periphrastic} construction with a verb of ‘going’ to convey \isi{TAM} meaning. This perhaps reflects the fact that this verb has been adopted into Ulwa as a non-verbal element (cf. kalam ‘knowledge’, \isi{borrow}ed from \ili{Waran}, \sectref{sec:5.4}). Still, like most loan verbs that come from \ili{Tok Pisin}, lukawtim ‘look after’ does not permit an object, but rather makes use of \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase}s marked by =n ‘\textsc{obl}’, as in \REF{ex:loss:29}.
A: word: nji=n	 gloss: thing=OBL
B: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
C: word: na-i	 gloss: DETR-go.PFV
D: word: kuma=n	 gloss: some=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ango tïki ankam kuma=n ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG again person some=OBL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I won’t look after other people anymore.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The loan verb lukawtim ‘look after’ is also exceptional in that it seems sometimes to take the \isi{copular enclitic} rather than using a \isi{periphrastic} construction with a verb of ‘going’ to convey \isi{TAM} meaning. This perhaps reflects the fact that this verb has been adopted into Ulwa as a non-verbal element (cf. kalam ‘knowledge’, \isi{borrow}ed from \ili{Waran}, \sectref{sec:5.4}). Still, like most loan verbs that come from \ili{Tok Pisin}, lukawtim ‘look after’ does not permit an object, but rather makes use of \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase}s marked by =n ‘\textsc{obl}’, as in \REF{ex:loss:29}.
A: word: ango=p-na	 gloss: which=COP-IRR
B: word: lukawtim=p-en	 gloss: look.after=COP-NMLZ
C: word: unda	 gloss: go
D: word: lukawtim=p-na	 gloss: look.after=COP-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tembi anda wa nji=n anma=nï ___ kom
Gloss (with missing item): bad SG.DIST just thing=OBL good=OBL ___ NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`That bad one just doesn’t look after things well.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:loss:30}, the \isi{verbalized} form of this word (with the \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’) is further \isi{nominalize}d by the \isi{nominalizing} \isi{suffix} -en ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ and then treated as a \is{non-verbal predication} non-verbal \isi{predicate}, being negated with \isi{clause-final negator} kom ‘\textsc{neg}’. A similar phenomenon is seen with kalam ‘knowledge’ in example \REF{ex:syntax:164} in \sectref{sec:13.3.2}.
A: word: ma=wap	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be.PST
B: word: lukawtim=p-na	 gloss: look.after=COP-IRR
C: word: lukawtim=p-en	 gloss: look.after=COP-NMLZ
D: word: maka=p-en	 gloss: thus=COP-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ngunan ___ ndï=ul amba kwe in wap ko ndï=kalam=p-en me
Gloss (with missing item): 1DU.INCL ___ 3PL=with mens.house one in be.PST just 3PL=knowledge=COP{-nmlz} NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have not lived with them in even one men’s house nor [do we] know about them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:loss:30}, the \isi{verbalized} form of this word (with the \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’) is further \isi{nominalize}d by the \isi{nominalizing} \isi{suffix} -en ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ and then treated as a \is{non-verbal predication} non-verbal \isi{predicate}, being negated with \isi{clause-final negator} the morpheme ___m ‘\textsc{neg}’. A similar phenomenon is seen with kalam ‘knowledge’ in example \REF{ex:syntax:164} in \sectref{sec:13.3.2}.
A: word: pilim	 gloss: feel
B: word: moweka	 gloss: also
C: word: ko	 gloss: just
D: word: kowe	 gloss: [name]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ngunan ko ndï=ul amba kwe in wap ___ ndï=kalam=p-en me
Gloss (with missing item): 1DU.INCL just 3PL=with mens.house one in be.PST ___ 3PL=knowledge=COP{-nmlz} NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have not lived with them in even one men’s house nor [do we] know about them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:loss:30}, the \isi{verbalized} form of this word (with the \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’) is further \isi{nominalize}d by the \isi{nominalizing} \isi{suffix} -en ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ and then treated as a \is{non-verbal predication} non-verbal \isi{predicate}, being negated with \isi{clause-final negator} the morpheme ___m ‘\textsc{neg}’. A similar phenomenon is seen with kalam ‘knowledge’ in example \REF{ex:syntax:164} in \sectref{sec:13.3.2}.
A: word: tem	 gloss: time
B: word: moweka	 gloss: also
C: word: ko	 gloss: just
D: word: kowe	 gloss: [name]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ngunan ko ndï=ul amba kwe in wap ko ndï=kalam=p-en ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1DU.INCL just 3PL=with mens.house one in be.PST just 3PL=knowledge=COP{-nmlz} ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have not lived with them in even one men’s house nor [do we] know about them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:loss:30}, the \isi{verbalized} form of this word (with the \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’) is further \isi{nominalize}d by the \isi{nominalizing} \isi{suffix} -en ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ and then treated as a \is{non-verbal predication} non-verbal \isi{predicate}, being negated with \isi{clause-final negator} kom ‘\textsc{neg}’. A similar phenothe morpheme ___non is seen with kalam ‘knowledge’ in example \REF{ex:syntax:164} in \sectref{sec:13.3.2}.
A: word: u=alpim	 gloss: 2SG=help
B: word: me	 gloss: NEG
C: word: ame	 gloss: basket
D: word: (ko)	 gloss: (NEG)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B