cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan awal ma=ta-n-e na-i na-i ___ na-i
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL yesterday 3SG.OBJ=say-IPFV-DEP DETR-go.PFV DETR-go.PFV ___ DETR-go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`We kept discussing it yesterday, over and over.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As in the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{progressive} i go construction, the ‘go’ element in Ulwa may be repeated, even multiple times, as in \REF{ex:loss:8} and \REF{ex:loss:9}.
A: word: na-i-n	 gloss: DETR-come-PFV
B: word: na-na-i	 gloss: DETR-DETR-go.PFV
C: word: na-i	 gloss: DETR-go.PFV
D: word: u=alpim	 gloss: 2SG=help
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan awal ma=ta-n-e na-i na-i na-i ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL yesterday 3SG.OBJ=say-IPFV-DEP DETR-go.PFV DETR-go.PFV DETR-go.PFV ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We kept discussing it yesterday, over and over.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As in the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{progressive} i go construction, the ‘go’ element in Ulwa may be repeated, even multiple times, as in \REF{ex:loss:8} and \REF{ex:loss:9}.
A: word: na-i-n	 gloss: DETR-come-PFV
B: word: na-i	 gloss: DETR-go.PFV
C: word: u=alpim	 gloss: 2SG=help
D: word: na-na-i	 gloss: DETR-DETR-go.PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan wombïn=n ni-ta ___ ma ma
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL work=OBL act{-cond} ___ go go
The English translation of this sentence is:`And when we work on and on …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As in the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{progressive} i its gloss ___ construction, the ‘its gloss ___’ element in Ulwa the morpheme ___y be repeated, even multiple times, as in \REF{ex:loss:8} and \REF{ex:loss:9}.
A: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
B: word: u-lo	 gloss: from-go
C: word: ma=alpim	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=help
D: word: ma	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan wombïn=n ni-ta ma ___ ma
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL work=OBL act{-cond} go ___ go
The English translation of this sentence is:`And when we work on and on …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As in the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{progressive} i its gloss ___ construction, the ‘its gloss ___’ element in Ulwa the morpheme ___y be repeated, even multiple times, as in \REF{ex:loss:8} and \REF{ex:loss:9}.
A: word: ma	 gloss: go
B: word: mas	 gloss: must
C: word: u-lo	 gloss: from-go
D: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan wombïn=n ni-ta ma ma ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL work=OBL act{-cond} go go ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`And when we work on and on …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As in the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{progressive} i its gloss ___ construction, the ‘its gloss ___’ element in Ulwa the morpheme ___y be repeated, even multiple times, as in \REF{ex:loss:8} and \REF{ex:loss:9}.
A: word: u-lo	 gloss: from-go
B: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
C: word: unda-e	 gloss: go-DEP
D: word: ma	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma=tï lï-p ___ amun wolka kwa nga=ul ni-e
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBJ=take put-PFV ___ now again one SG.PROX=with act-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] left it and now in turn [I] am making this one.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to grammatical \isi{calque}s such as those detailed in \sectref{sec:15.3}, speakers of Ulwa frequently employ \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{loanword}s for grammatical functions. For example, the borrowed \isi{coordithe morpheme ___ting conjunction}s the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ \REF{ex:loss:11} its gloss ___ o ‘or’ \REF{ex:loss:12} are commonly used.
A: word: na	 gloss: and
B: word: mïnal	 gloss: taro
C: word: pilim	 gloss: feel
D: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): u imba p-e i ___ ane p-e i
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG night be{-dep} go.PFV ___ sun be{-dep} go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did you go at night or go during the day?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In additithe mits gloss ___pheme ___n tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ grammatical \isi{calque}s such as ththe mits gloss ___pheme ___se detailed in \sectref{sec:15.3}, speakers the mits gloss ___pheme ___f Ulwa frequently emplthe mits gloss ___pheme ___y \ili{Tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___k Pisin} \isi{lthe mits gloss ___pheme ___anwthe mits gloss ___pheme ___rd}s fthe mits gloss ___pheme ___r grammatical functithe mits gloss ___pheme ___ns. Fthe mits gloss ___pheme ___r example, the bthe mits gloss ___pheme ___rrthe mits gloss ___pheme ___wed \isi{cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___the mits gloss ___pheme ___rdinating cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___njunctithe mits gloss ___pheme ___n}s na ‘and’ \REF{ex:lthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ss:11} and the mits gloss ___pheme ___ ‘the mits gloss ___pheme ___r’ \REF{ex:lthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ss:12} are cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___mmthe mits gloss ___pheme ___nly used.
A: word: o	 gloss: or
B: word: unda	 gloss: go
C: word: ma-ambi=la-ka-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-TOP=IRR-let-IMP
D: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ndï ndï-nji ngin ma=top inim [lï-]p-e wambana nungol ko=tï-n-e mbay an ma=la-nda
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL 3PL-POSS net 3SG.OBJ=throw water [put-]PFV-DEP fish child INDF=take-PFV-DEP will 1PL.EXCL 3SG.OBJ=eat-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Whenever they threw their net into the water and got a small fish, [then] we would eat it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Loan} \isi{subordinator}s from \ili{Tok Pisin} include maski ‘although’ and taim ‘when, whenever’. These function words occur at the beginning of a \isi{dependent clause}. In traditional forms of Ulwa, the \isi{dependent marker} -e ‘\textsc{dep}’ would have sufficed to convey such \isi{concessive} or \isi{the morpheme ___poral} notions. With these words, however, the \isi{dependent marker} may be used as well \REF{ex:loss:13}, or it may be omitted \REF{ex:loss:14}.
A: word: tem	 gloss: time
B: word: tem=nï	 gloss: time=OBL
C: word: tembi=p	 gloss: bad=COP
D: word: mboylim	 gloss: boil
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tem ndï ndï-nji ngin ma=top inim ___ wambana nungol ko=tï-n-e mbay an ma=la-nda
Gloss (with missing item): time 3PL 3PL-POSS net 3SG.OBJ=throw water ___ fish child INDF=take-PFV-DEP will 1PL.EXCL 3SG.OBJ=eat-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Whenever they threw their net into the water and got a small fish, [then] we would eat it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Loan} \isi{subordinator}s from \ili{Tok Pisin} include maski ‘although’ and taim ‘when, whenever’. These function words occur at the beginning of a \isi{dependent clause}. In traditional forms of Ulwa, the \isi{dependent marker} -e ‘\textsc{dep}’ would have sufficed to convey such \isi{concessive} or \isi{temporal} notions. With these words, however, the \isi{dependent marker} may be used as well \REF{ex:loss:13}, or it may be omitted \REF{ex:loss:14}.
A: word: lï-p-e	 gloss: [put-]PFV-DEP
B: word: u-p-e	 gloss: put-PFV-DEP
C: word: ma=kali-lï-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=send-put-PFV-DEP
D: word: ma=alpim	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=help
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ u ma awlop ma=ka lo-wo-nda
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG go in.vain 3SG.OBJ=at IRR-sleep-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Even if you go and get lost, [you] can sleep there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \isi{Loan} \isi{subordinator}s from \ili{Tok Pisin} include the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ and taim ‘when, whenever’. These function words occur at the beginning of a \isi{dependent clause}. In traditional forms of Ulwa, the \isi{dependent marker} -e ‘\textsc{dep}’ would have sufficed to convey such \isi{concessive} or \isi{temporal} notions. With these words, however, the \isi{dependent marker} may be used as well \REF{ex:loss:13}, or it may be omitted \REF{ex:loss:14}.
A: word: lukawtim=p-na	 gloss: look.after=COP-IRR
B: word: moweka	 gloss: also
C: word: thomas	 gloss: [name]
D: word: maski	 gloss: although
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ u ma awlop ma=ka lo-wo-nda
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG go in.vain 3SG.OBJ=at IRR-sleep-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Even if you go and get lost, [you] can sleep there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:loss:14} also illustrates the use of the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{auxiliary verb} bai ‘will’. \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{modal} verbs such as bai ‘will’, iken ‘may, can’, or mas ‘should, must’ may occur along with \isi{irrealis}-marked Ulwa verbs. The \ili{Tok Pisin} verb save \linebreak ‘know’, which can function as an \isi{auxiliary} in that language to mark \isi{habitual} \linebreak \isi{aspect}, is also a common \isi{loanword} in Ulwa, usually used along with an \linebreak imperfective-marked verb, the traditional means of marking \isi{habitual} \isi{aspect} in Ulwa. Examples of the borrowed \ili{Tok Pisin} function words mas ‘should, must’ \REF{ex:loss:15}, iken ‘may, can’, \REF{ex:loss:16}, and save ‘\textsc{hab’} \textsc{(1}7) are commonly found in texts.
A: word: moweka	 gloss: also
B: word: maski	 gloss: although
C: word: tambuwim	 gloss: taboo
D: word: thomas	 gloss: [name]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): u ___ ma=ta-n[a]
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG ___ 3SG.OBJ=say-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`You should tell it!’\footnote{The form [matan] contains either an \isi{elide}d form of the \isi{irrealis} \isi{suffix} -na ‘IRR’, or else it contains the \isi{imperative} \isi{suffix} -n ‘IMP’.} (mas < TP mas ‘should, must’) [ulwa032_05:47]’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:loss:14} also illustrates the use of the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{auxiliary verb} bai ‘will’. \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{modal} verbs such as bai ‘will’, iken ‘may, can’, or the morpheme ___ ‘should, its gloss ___’ may occur along with \isi{irrealis}-marked Ulwa verbs. The \ili{Tok Pisin} verb save \linebreak ‘know’, which can function as an \isi{auxiliary} in that language to mark \isi{habitual} \linebreak \isi{aspect}, is also a common \isi{loanword} in Ulwa, usually used along with an \linebreak imperfective-marked verb, the traditional means of marking \isi{habitual} \isi{aspect} in Ulwa. Examples of the borrowed \ili{Tok Pisin} function words the morpheme ___ ‘should, its gloss ___’ \REF{ex:loss:15}, iken ‘may, can’, \REF{ex:loss:16}, and save ‘\textsc{hab’} \textsc{(1}7) are commonly found in texts.
A: word: unda	 gloss: go
B: word: mas	 gloss: must
C: word: moweka	 gloss: also
D: word: thomas	 gloss: [name]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): un ___ ma=wan uta-p ma ndï=n ma=nïkï-na
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL ___ 3SG.OBJ=above grind-PFV go 3PL=OBL 3SG.OBJ=dig-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`You can clear over it and plant them there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:loss:14} also illustrates the use of the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{auxiliary verb} bai ‘will’. \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{modal} verbs such as bai ‘will’, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, can’, or mas ‘should, must’ its gloss ___ occur along with \isi{irrealis}-marked Ulwa verbs. The \ili{Tok Pisin} verb save \linebreak ‘know’, which can function as an \isi{auxiliary} in that language to mark \isi{habitual} \linebreak \isi{aspect}, is also a common \isi{loanword} in Ulwa, usually used along with an \linebreak imperfective-marked verb, the traditional means of marking \isi{habitual} \isi{aspect} in Ulwa. Examples of the borrowed \ili{Tok Pisin} function words mas ‘should, must’ \REF{ex:loss:15}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, can’, \REF{ex:loss:16}, and save ‘\textsc{hab’} \textsc{(1}7) are commonly found in texts.
A: word: tap	 gloss: maybe
B: word: kenmbu	 gloss: problem
C: word: ndï=ale-p	 gloss: 3PL=scrape-PFV
D: word: iken	 gloss: may
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): un ___ ma=wan uta-p ma ndï=n ma=nïkï-na
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL ___ 3SG.OBJ=above grind-PFV go 3PL=OBL 3SG.OBJ=dig-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`You can clear over it and plant them there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:loss:16} illustrates the use of the \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{predicate marker} i ‘\textsc{pred’}, here probably just adopted along with the verb ken ‘can, its gloss ___’ -- that is, reanalyzed as a unitary \isi{auxiliary verb} [the morpheme ___]. The \isi{predicate marker} i ‘\textsc{pred’} does appear elsewhere in Ulwa discourse, but, due to its \isi{homophony} with the \isi{suppletive} \isi{perfective} form of the verb ‘go’, it is often difficult to determine whether the form [i] is being used as the \isi{predicate marker} or as a \isi{calque} of \ili{Tok Pisin} go ‘go’, which is used to achieve similar grammatical functions.
A: word: iken	 gloss: may
B: word: tap	 gloss: maybe
C: word: tambuwim	 gloss: taboo
D: word: kenmbu	 gloss: problem
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï i aw=nï ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL go.PFV betel.nut=OBL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`They went and forbade [taking] the betel nut.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \ili{Tok Pisin} verbs are \isi{borrow}ed into Ulwa, they are typically treated as \isi{intransitive}, regardless of their \isi{semantics}. The logical object of the verb is not indexed by an \isi{object marker}, but instead appears as the \isi{head} of an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase} marked by the \isi{oblique marker} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’.\footnote{This occurs even with \ili{Tok Pisin} verbs that are marked with the \isi{transitive} \isi{suffix} -im, which of course is not a \isi{transitive} marker in Ulwa.} The \ili{Tok Pisin} verb is usually employed without any \isi{TAM} marking, as in \ili{Tok Pisin}. Examples \REF{ex:loss:18}, \REF{ex:loss:19}, and \REF{ex:loss:20} illustrate the use of \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verbs without any \isi{suffix} or \isi{auxiliary verb}. Note the absence of any grammatical object and the use of the \isi{oblique marker} =n `\textsc{obl}’.
A: word: wap	 gloss: be.PST
B: word: tambuwim	 gloss: taboo
C: word: woyambïn	 gloss: pointlessly
D: word: nambul	 gloss: [name]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ta wa ma=n ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG already just 3SG.OBJ=OBL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I had already just felt it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When \ili{Tok Pisin} verbs are \isi{borrow}ed into Ulwa, they are typically treated as \isi{intransitive}, regardless of their \isi{semantics}. The logical object of the verb is not indexed by an \isi{object marker}, but instead appears as the \isi{head} of an \isi{oblique} \isi{phrase} marked by the \isi{oblique marker} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’.\footnote{This occurs even with \ili{Tok Pisin} verbs that are marked with the \isi{transitive} \isi{suffix} -im, which of course is not a \isi{transitive} marker in Ulwa.} The \ili{Tok Pisin} verb is usually employed without any \isi{TAM} marking, as in \ili{Tok Pisin}. Examples \REF{ex:loss:18}, \REF{ex:loss:19}, and \REF{ex:loss:20} illustrate the use of \ili{Tok Pisin} loan verbs without any \isi{suffix} or \isi{auxiliary verb}. Note the absence of any grammatical object and the use of the \isi{oblique marker} =n `\textsc{obl}’.
A: word: alimban	 gloss: [name]
B: word: pilim	 gloss: feel
C: word: ma-n-e	 gloss: go-IPFV-DEP
D: word: kïkal-wana	 gloss: ear-feel
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B