cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 216:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maple mï apa ma=u mïnda ___ ndï=tï-na
Gloss (with missing item): [name] 3SG.SUBJ house 3SG.OBJ=from banana ___ 3PL=take-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Maple will take three bananas from the house.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Thus \isi{object marker}s, which often identify the \isi{number} of direct-object referents, also frequently render the use of \isi{cardinal numeral}s redundant. Of course, for \isi{number}s greater than two, numerals are useful for specifying exact quantities, as in \REF{ex:det:228}.
A: word: ndï=asa-p	 gloss: 3PL=hit-PFV
B: word: wap-en	 gloss: be.PST-NMLZ
C: word: (lele)	 gloss: (three)
D: word: lele	 gloss: three
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 217:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma=tï ma=na-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG.OBJ=take 3SG.OBJ=give-PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`[They] gave him one [= a fruit].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, the \isi{numeral} the morpheme ___ {\textasciitilde} kwa ‘its gloss ___’ may be used to modify the object of a verb along with the \isi{object marker} ma= ‘3\textsc{sg.obj}’, as in \REF{ex:det:229}. In such instances, the \isi{indefinite} \isi{object marker} ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’ is not used (\sectref{sec:7.2}).
A: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
B: word: kwe	 gloss: one
C: word: kwa	 gloss: one
D: word: angay	 gloss: five
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 218:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): angay ___ min=atï
Gloss (with missing item): five ___ 3DU=hit
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ten [days] passed.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Thus, \isi{subject marker}s and \isi{object marker}s typically reflect the same \isi{number} that is expressed by a \isi{numeral} in the same NP. However, when numerals express higher numbers, which are \isi{periphrastic}, a \isi{determiner} can actually agree with the final component number, as in \REF{ex:det:230}, where the \isi{dual} \isi{object marker} min= ‘3\textsc{du}’ agrees with just the final ‘its gloss ___’ component of the \isi{phrase} for ‘ten’.
A: word: (nini)	 gloss: (two)
B: word: nungol	 gloss: child
C: word: nini	 gloss: two
D: word: tana	 gloss: axe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 219:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): angay nini ___
Gloss (with missing item): five two ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ten [days] passed.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Thus, \isi{subject marker}s and \isi{object marker}s typically reflect the same \isi{number} that is expressed by a \isi{numeral} in the same NP. However, when numerals express higher numbers, which are \isi{periphrastic}, a \isi{determiner} can actually agree with the final component number, as in \REF{ex:det:230}, where the \isi{dual} \isi{object marker} min= ‘3\textsc{du}’ agrees with just the final ‘two’ component of the \isi{phrase} for ‘ten’.
A: word: wulïn-u-p	 gloss: rest-put-PFV
B: word: min=atï	 gloss: 3DU=hit
C: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
D: word: min=asa-p	 gloss: 3DU=hit-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 220:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): angay ___ min=atï
Gloss (with missing item): five ___ 3DU=hit
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ten [days] passed.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It could be argued that the \isi{object marker} in \REF{ex:det:230} should properly be ndï= ‘3\textsc{pl}’ and not min= ‘3\textsc{du}’, since the object is a \isi{number} greater than its gloss ___ (‘ten days’). However, assuming that this sentence is grammatical, the use of the \isi{dual} marker could be taken as evidence that numeral formulations such as angay the morpheme ___ ‘ten’ are not \isi{lexical}ized, but rather are analyzable periphrases (e.g., this phrase has the literal meaning ‘its gloss ___ fives’).
A: word: nini	 gloss: two
B: word: (nini)	 gloss: (two)
C: word: ndï=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=tie-put-PFV
D: word: ma=ta-n-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=say-IPFV-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 221:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): angay nini ___
Gloss (with missing item): five two ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ten [days] passed.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It could be argued that the \isi{object marker} in \REF{ex:det:230} should properly be ndï= ‘3\textsc{pl}’ and not min= ‘3\textsc{du}’, since the object is a \isi{number} greater than two (‘ten days’). However, assuming that this sentence is grammatical, the use of the \isi{dual} marker could be taken as evidence that numeral formulations such as angay nini ‘ten’ are not \isi{lexical}ized, but rather are analyzable periphrases (e.g., this phrase has the literal meaning ‘two fives’).
A: word: nï=kï-ta	 gloss: 1SG=say{-cond}
B: word: min=asa-p	 gloss: 3DU=hit-PFV
C: word: ma=iya	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=toward
D: word: min=atï	 gloss: 3DU=hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 222:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn ndï ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3PL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`There are three dogs.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As modifiers, numerals can also be \isi{predicate complement}s to subjects, serving as the verbal element of a clause. They can thus host the \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’ (\sectref{sec:10.2}) or be followed by the \isi{suppletive} \isi{past}-\isi{tense} \isi{locative verb} wap ‘be.\textsc{pst’} (\sectref{sec:10.4}). \is{existential predication} Existential constructions specifying a particular \isi{number} of referents can take this form, as seen in \REF{ex:det:231}, \REF{ex:det:232}, and \REF{ex:det:233}.
A: word: lele=p	 gloss: three=COP
B: word: ngin=tï	 gloss: DU.PROX=take
C: word: lele=p-na	 gloss: three=COP-IRR
D: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 223:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn ndï ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3PL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`There will be three dogs.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As modifiers, numerals can also be \isi{predicate complement}s to subjects, serving as the verbal element of a clause. They can thus host the \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’ (\sectref{sec:10.2}) or be followed by the \isi{suppletive} \isi{past}-\isi{tense} \isi{locative verb} wap ‘be.\textsc{pst’} (\sectref{sec:10.4}). \is{existential predication} Existential constructions specifying a particular \isi{number} of referents can take this form, as seen in \REF{ex:det:231}, \REF{ex:det:232}, and \REF{ex:det:233}.
A: word: lele=p	 gloss: three=COP
B: word: ango=p-na	 gloss: which=COP-IRR
C: word: lele=p-na	 gloss: three=COP-IRR
D: word: andin	 gloss: DU.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 224:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn ndï ipka ___ wap
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3PL before ___ be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`There were three dogs before.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As modifiers, numerals can also be \isi{predicate complement}s to subjects, serving as the verbal element of a clause. They can thus host the \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’ (\sectref{sec:10.2}) or be followed by the \isi{suppletive} \isi{past}-\isi{tense} \isi{locative verb} wap ‘be.\textsc{pst’} (\sectref{sec:10.4}). \is{existential predication} Existential constructions specifying a particular \isi{number} of referents can take this form, as seen in \REF{ex:det:231}, \REF{ex:det:232}, and \REF{ex:det:233}.
A: word: mbï-lï-p	 gloss: here-put-PFV
B: word: ndï=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=tie-put-PFV
C: word: (lele)	 gloss: (three)
D: word: lele	 gloss: three
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 225:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn ndï ipka lele ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3PL before three ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`There were three dogs before.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As modifiers, numerals can also be \isi{predicate complement}s to subjects, serving as the verbal element of a clause. They can thus host the \isi{copular enclitic} =p ‘\textsc{cop}’ (\sectref{sec:10.2}) or be followed by the \isi{suppletive} \isi{past}-\isi{tense} \isi{locative verb} the morpheme ___ ‘be.\textsc{pst’} (\sectref{sec:10.4}). \is{existential predication} Existential constructions specifying a particular \isi{number} of referents can take this form, as seen in \REF{ex:det:231}, \REF{ex:det:232}, and \REF{ex:det:233}.
A: word: wapata=p-ta	 gloss: dry=COP-COND
B: word: wap	 gloss: be.PST
C: word: ma=ita-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-IPFV
D: word: mbï-wap	 gloss: here-be.PST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 226:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji ___ yana mï ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS ___ woman 3SG.SUBJ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`My first wife died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is no distinct set of \isi{ordinal numeral}s in Ulwa. The relative ordering of events must be accomplished with forms of the verbs ip ka- ‘precede’ or angani ka- ‘follow’ (\sectref{sec:9.2.3}). Forms of these verbs that are \isi{nominalize}d with the \isi{suffix} -en ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ (\sectref{sec:3.2}) can be paired in \isi{apposition} with NPs, as in examples \REF{ex:det:234} and \REF{ex:det:235}.
A: word: ambi	 gloss: big
B: word: angani-ka-en	 gloss: behind-let-NMLZ
C: word: ip-ka-en	 gloss: nose-let-NMLZ
D: word: nga=wat	 gloss: SG.PROX=atop
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 227:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji ___ yana mï ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS ___ woman 3SG.SUBJ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`My second wife died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is no distinct set of \isi{ordinal numeral}s in Ulwa. The relative ordering of events must be accomplished with forms of the verbs ip ka- ‘precede’ or angani ka- ‘follow’ (\sectref{sec:9.2.3}). Forms of these verbs that are \isi{nominalize}d with the \isi{suffix} -en ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ (\sectref{sec:3.2}) can be paired in \isi{apposition} with NPs, as in examples \REF{ex:det:234} and \REF{ex:det:235}.
A: word: ngin	 gloss: net
B: word: min=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3DU=before-let-NMLZ
C: word: mbï-unda-en	 gloss: here-go-NMLZ
D: word: angani-ka-en	 gloss: behind-let-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 228:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kapos mï ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] 3SG.SUBJ ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kapos killed the pig first.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consider the contrast between the \isi{adverb}s the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, earlier, first’ \REF{ex:det:236} or anganika ‘after, later, soon’ \REF{ex:det:238} with the related \isi{nominalize}d verb forms in examples \REF{ex:det:237} and \REF{ex:det:239}, respectively.
A: word: un=ipka	 gloss: 2PL=before
B: word: ipka	 gloss: before
C: word: amun	 gloss: now
D: word: ala	 gloss: PL.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 229:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kapos mï ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] 3SG.SUBJ ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kapos killed the pig afterwards.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consider the contrast between the \isi{adverb}s ipka ‘before, earlier, first’ \REF{ex:det:236} or the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, later, soon’ \REF{ex:det:238} with the related \isi{nominalize}d verb forms in examples \REF{ex:det:237} and \REF{ex:det:239}, respectively.
A: word: lukawtim	 gloss: look.after
B: word: min=asa-p	 gloss: 3DU=hit-PFV
C: word: angani	 gloss: behind
D: word: anganika	 gloss: after
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 230:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kapos mï ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] 3SG.SUBJ ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kapos killed the first pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consider the contrast between the \isi{adverb}s ipka ‘before, earlier, first’ \REF{ex:det:236} or anganika ‘after, later, soon’ \REF{ex:det:238} with the related \isi{nominalize}d verb forms in examples \REF{ex:det:237} and \REF{ex:det:239}, respectively.
A: word: angani-ka-en	 gloss: behind-let-NMLZ
B: word: ip-ka-en	 gloss: nose-let-NMLZ
C: word: brian	 gloss: [name]
D: word: kuma=n	 gloss: some=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 231:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nomnga mï ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] 3SG.SUBJ ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nomnga killed the second pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Consider the contrast between the \isi{adverb}s ipka ‘before, earlier, first’ \REF{ex:det:236} or anganika ‘after, later, soon’ \REF{ex:det:238} with the related \isi{nominalize}d verb forms in examples \REF{ex:det:237} and \REF{ex:det:239}, respectively.
A: word: angani-ka-en	 gloss: behind-let-NMLZ
B: word: mbï-unda-en	 gloss: here-go-NMLZ
C: word: dorothy	 gloss: [name]
D: word: min=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3DU=before-let-NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 232:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yokombla mï ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] 3SG.SUBJ ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yokombla killed the third pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The notion of ‘third’ may be denoted by the \isi{dual} \isi{object marker} min= ‘\textsc{3du}’ \isi{clitic}izing to the verb angani ka- ‘follow’ \REF{ex:det:240}, whereas ordinal notions greater than ‘third’ would be suggested by the \isi{plural} \isi{object marker} ndï= ‘\textsc{3pl}’ \REF{ex:det:241}.
A: word: ndï=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3PL=before-let-NMLZ
B: word: andin	 gloss: DU.DIST
C: word: min=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3DU=before-let-NMLZ
D: word: min=nap	 gloss: 3DU=for
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 233:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Amiwa mï ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] 3SG.SUBJ ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Amiwa killed the fourth pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The notion of ‘third’ may be denoted by the \isi{dual} \isi{object marker} min= ‘\textsc{3du}’ \isi{clitic}izing to the verb angani ka- ‘follow’ \REF{ex:det:240}, whereas ordinal notions greater than ‘third’ would be suggested by the \isi{plural} \isi{object marker} ndï= ‘\textsc{3pl}’ \REF{ex:det:241}.
A: word: maka=p-e	 gloss: thus=be{-dep}
B: word: min=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3DU=before-let-NMLZ
C: word: ndï=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3PL=before-let-NMLZ
D: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 234:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Amiwa mï ___ lamndu ma=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] 3SG.SUBJ ___ pig 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Amiwa killed the fourth pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:det:241}, ndanganiken ‘the one following them’ could refer to any ordinal number fourth or greater (or third or greater, if \isi{plural} marking may be allowed for \isi{dual} referents, \sectref{sec:9.1.2}). Thus, there is no straightforward means of distinguishing \is{ordinal numeral} ordinals in Ulwa beyond first-second-third.
A: word: angani-ka-en	 gloss: behind-let-NMLZ
B: word: min=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3DU=before-let-NMLZ
C: word: ndï=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3PL=before-let-NMLZ
D: word: mbunmana	 gloss: black
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C