cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): inom mï utam ___
Gloss (with missing item): mother 3SG.SUBJ yam ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Mother cooked the yams.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:det:33} illustrates the (optional) change of /ï/ to [u] before /w/ in the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{object marker} (\sectref{sec:2.5.6}). When a \isi{verb stem} begins with a \isi{vowel}, it is possible to witness \is{elision} \isi{vowel elision} in the \isi{object marker} (\sectref{sec:2.5.5}), when it is \textsc{3sg} \REF{ex:det:34} or 3\textsc{pl} \REF{ex:det:36}, but not when it is \textsc{3du} \REF{ex:det:35}.
A: word: ndï=wana-p	 gloss: 3PL=cook-PFV
B: word: ma=wana-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cook-PFV
C: word: mbï-wap	 gloss: here-be.PST
D: word: ndï=wana-nda	 gloss: 3PL=cook-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn ndï lamndu ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3PL pig ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The dogs killed the pig.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:det:33} illustrates the (optional) change of /ï/ to [u] before /w/ in the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{object marker} (\sectref{sec:2.5.6}). When a \isi{verb stem} begins with a \isi{vowel}, it is possible to witness \is{elision} \isi{vowel elision} in the \isi{object marker} (\sectref{sec:2.5.5}), when it is \textsc{3sg} \REF{ex:det:34} or 3\textsc{pl} \REF{ex:det:36}, but not when it is \textsc{3du} \REF{ex:det:35}.
A: word: ma=asa-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
B: word: mïnjika=n	 gloss: speech=OBL
C: word: mbï-wap	 gloss: here-be.PST
D: word: ma=asa-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV-DEP]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn ndï lamndu ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3PL pig ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The dogs killed the pigs.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:det:33} illustrates the (optional) change of /ï/ to [u] before /w/ in the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{object marker} (\sectref{sec:2.5.6}). When a \isi{verb stem} begins with a \isi{vowel}, it is possible to witness \is{elision} \isi{vowel elision} in the \isi{object marker} (\sectref{sec:2.5.5}), when it is \textsc{3sg} \REF{ex:det:34} or 3\textsc{pl} \REF{ex:det:36}, but not when it is \textsc{3du} \REF{ex:det:35}.
A: word: ndï=na-asa-p	 gloss: 3PL=DETR-hit-PFV
B: word: ndï=asa-p-e	 gloss: 3PL=hit-PFV-DEP
C: word: ndï=asa-p	 gloss: 3PL=hit-PFV
D: word: ala	 gloss: PL.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn ndï lamndu ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3PL pig ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The dogs killed two pigs.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:det:33} illustrates the (optional) change of /ï/ to [u] before /w/ in the 3\textsc{pl} \isi{object marker} (\sectref{sec:2.5.6}). When a \isi{verb stem} begins with a \isi{vowel}, it is possible to witness \is{elision} \isi{vowel elision} in the \isi{object marker} (\sectref{sec:2.5.5}), when it is \textsc{3sg} \REF{ex:det:34} or 3\textsc{pl} \REF{ex:det:36}, but not when it is \textsc{3du} \REF{ex:det:35}.
A: word: min=asa-p	 gloss: 3DU=hit-PFV
B: word: andin	 gloss: DU.DIST
C: word: ambin=asa-p	 gloss: DU.REFL=hit-PFV
D: word: min=lo-p	 gloss: 3DU=cut-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï nïpïl ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG vine ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I tied the rope.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:det:37}, it is possible to see how [mo=], an \isi{allomorph} of the 3\textsc{sg} \isi{object marker} /ma=/, appears before a following /o/ in the \isi{verb stem} (\sectref{sec:2.5.7}). No similar \isi{allomorphy} occurs with \textsc{3du} \REF{ex:det:38} or \textsc{3pl} \REF{ex:det:39} object markers when in the same environment.
A: word: min=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3DU=tie-put-PFV
B: word: ndï=kï-na	 gloss: 3PL=say-IRR
C: word: ma=in-lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in-put-PFV
D: word: ma=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=tie-put-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï nïpïl ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG vine ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I tied two ropes.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:det:37}, it is possible to see how [mo=], an \isi{allomorph} of the 3\textsc{sg} \isi{object marker} /ma=/, appears before a following /o/ in the \isi{verb stem} (\sectref{sec:2.5.7}). No similar \isi{allomorphy} occurs with \textsc{3du} \REF{ex:det:38} or \textsc{3pl} \REF{ex:det:39} object markers when in the same environment.
A: word: nga-nji	 gloss: SG.PROX-POSS
B: word: min=lï-p-e	 gloss: 3DU=put-PFV-DEP
C: word: ma=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=tie-put-PFV
D: word: min=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3DU=tie-put-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï nïpïl ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG vine ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I tied the ropes.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:det:37}, it is possible to see how [mo=], an \isi{allomorph} of the 3\textsc{sg} \isi{object marker} /ma=/, appears before a following /o/ in the \isi{verb stem} (\sectref{sec:2.5.7}). No similar \isi{allomorphy} occurs with \textsc{3du} \REF{ex:det:38} or \textsc{3pl} \REF{ex:det:39} object markers when in the same environment.
A: word: ngala=ul	 gloss: PL.PROX=with
B: word: ma=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=tie-put-PFV
C: word: ndï=lumo-p	 gloss: 3PL=put-PFV
D: word: ndï=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=tie-put-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn mï mïnda ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3SG.SUBJ banana ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The dog is eating the banana.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Object markers may occur with verbs marked for any \isi{TAM} category, and there are no distinctions in the markers based on such \isi{TAM} distinctions. Thus they occur in \isi{imperfective} \REF{ex:det:40}, \isi{perfective} \REF{ex:det:41}, and \isi{irrealis} \REF{ex:det:42} \isi{verb phrase}s. Any \isi{transitive} verb can be preceded by one of these \isi{object-marking} \isi{proclitic}s.
A: word: andin	 gloss: DU.DIST
B: word: ma=ama-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-IPFV
C: word: ma=ama-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-PFV
D: word: ndï=wat-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=atop-put-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn mï mïnda ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3SG.SUBJ banana ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The dog ate the banana.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Object markers may occur with verbs marked for any \isi{TAM} category, and there are no distinctions in the markers based on such \isi{TAM} distinctions. Thus they occur in \isi{imperfective} \REF{ex:det:40}, \isi{perfective} \REF{ex:det:41}, and \isi{irrealis} \REF{ex:det:42} \isi{verb phrase}s. Any \isi{transitive} verb can be preceded by one of these \isi{object-marking} \isi{proclitic}s.
A: word: ma=ama-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-PFV
B: word: ma=ama-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-PFV-DEP
C: word: ndï=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3PL=before-let-NMLZ
D: word: ma=la-ama-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=IRR-eat-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïn mï mïnda ___
Gloss (with missing item): dog 3SG.SUBJ banana ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The dog will eat the banana.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Object markers may occur with verbs marked for any \isi{TAM} category, and there are no distinctions in the markers based on such \isi{TAM} distinctions. Thus they occur in \isi{imperfective} \REF{ex:det:40}, \isi{perfective} \REF{ex:det:41}, and \isi{irrealis} \REF{ex:det:42} \isi{verb phrase}s. Any \isi{transitive} verb can be preceded by one of these \isi{object-marking} \isi{proclitic}s.
A: word: ma=asa-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
B: word: ndï=la-nda	 gloss: 3PL=eat{-irr}
C: word: ma=la-nda	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-IRR
D: word: ndï=ama	 gloss: 3PL=eat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): itom mï inmi ___
Gloss (with missing item): father 3SG.SUBJ hole ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Father dug two holes.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although it may be possible to explain the \isi{allomorph} [mo=] (for ma= ‘3\textsc{sg.obj’)} in terms of simple \isi{phonological} conditioning (that is, without considering \isi{morphology}, \sectref{sec:2.5.7}), the form mini= ‘3\textsc{du.obj’} is clearly a \isi{morphological}ly conditioned change, since, elsewhere, consecutive \isi{consonant}s are simply \isi{degeminate}d. Thus, one should expect the \isi{allomorph}, were it \isi{phonological}ly conditioned, to be \textsuperscript{†}[mi=]. Indeed, the form mini= ‘3\textsc{du.obj’} only appears before verbs, not even before \isi{postposition}s, suggesting that \isi{object-marker} \isi{clitic}s for verbs are somewhat more closely affiliated with their hosts than are \isi{object-marker} \isi{clitic}s for \isi{postposition}s.} The \isi{allomorph} mini= ‘3\textsc{du.obj’} can thus be observed when the morpheme immediately precedes an initial /n/ of a \isi{verb stem} \REF{ex:det:43}, but not when it precedes other \isi{consonant}s (e.g., /l/) \REF{ex:det:44}.
A: word: ama-p-ta	 gloss: eat-PFV-COND
B: word: mini=nïkï-e	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig-DEP
C: word: ma=ama-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-PFV
D: word: mini=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig=PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): itom mï num ___
Gloss (with missing item): father 3SG.SUBJ canoe ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Father carved two canoes.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although it may be possible to explain the \isi{allomorph} [mo=] (for ma= ‘3\textsc{sg.obj’)} in terms of simple \isi{phonological} conditioning (that is, without considering \isi{morphology}, \sectref{sec:2.5.7}), the form mini= ‘3\textsc{du.obj’} is clearly a \isi{morphological}ly conditioned change, since, elsewhere, consecutive \isi{consonant}s are simply \isi{degeminate}d. Thus, one should expect the \isi{allomorph}, were it \isi{phonological}ly conditioned, to be \textsuperscript{†}[mi=]. Indeed, the form mini= ‘3\textsc{du.obj’} only appears before verbs, not even before \isi{postposition}s, suggesting that \isi{object-marker} \isi{clitic}s for verbs are somewhat more closely affiliated with their hosts than are \isi{object-marker} \isi{clitic}s for \isi{postposition}s.} The \isi{allomorph} mini= ‘3\textsc{du.obj’} can thus be observed when the morpheme immediately precedes an initial /n/ of a \isi{verb stem} \REF{ex:det:43}, but not when it precedes other \isi{consonant}s (e.g., /l/) \REF{ex:det:44}.
A: word: ma=lo-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cut-PFV
B: word: min=lo-p	 gloss: 3DU=cut-PFV
C: word: mini=lo-pe	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=cut-PFV
D: word: ma=wana-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cook-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wondi inom min ndï ___ isi u-p
Gloss (with missing item): bandicoot mother 3DU 3PL ___ soup put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The two mother bandicoots – they cut them up into the soup.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The fact that \textsuperscript{†}[mini] is not produced from /min/ in contexts other than those in which it directly precedes a verb can be illustrated by comparing two examples taken from texts: example \REF{ex:det:45} shows [mini] before a verb beginning with /n/, whereas \REF{ex:det:46} shows the pronominal form as a free \isi{subject marker} [min] preceding a word beginning with /n/. Only example \REF{ex:det:45} exhibits the form [mini].
A: word: mini=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig=PFV
B: word: mini=nïkï-e	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig-DEP
C: word: sïtik	 gloss: stick
D: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ num si nï=n ata lï-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ canoe push 1SG=OBL up put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The two of them came ashore with me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The fact that \textsuperscript{†}[the morpheme ___i] is not produced from /the morpheme ___/ in contexts other than those in which it directly precedes a verb can be illustrated by comparing two examples taken from texts: example \REF{ex:det:45} shows [the morpheme ___i] before a verb beginning with /n/, whereas \REF{ex:det:46} shows the pronothe morpheme ___al form as a free \isi{subject marker} [the morpheme ___] preceding a word beginning with /n/. Only example \REF{ex:det:45} exhibits the form [the morpheme ___i].
A: word: min=n	 gloss: 3DU=OBL
B: word: mini=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig=PFV
C: word: ndin	 gloss: 3DU?
D: word: min	 gloss: 3DU
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): min ___ si nï=n ata lï-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3DU ___ push 1SG=OBL up put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The two of them came ashore with me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The fact that \textsuperscript{†}[mini] is not produced from /min/ in contexts other than those in which it directly precedes a verb can be illustrated by comparing two examples taken from texts: example \REF{ex:det:45} shows [mini] before a verb beginning with /n/, whereas \REF{ex:det:46} shows the pronominal form as a free \isi{subject marker} [min] preceding a word beginning with /n/. Only example \REF{ex:det:45} exhibits the form [mini].
A: word: numan	 gloss: husband
B: word: mini=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig=PFV
C: word: anaw	 gloss: paddle
D: word: num	 gloss: canoe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wondi inom min ndï ___ isi u-p
Gloss (with missing item): bandicoot mother 3DU 3PL ___ soup put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The two mother bandicoots – they cut them up into the soup.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The fact that \textsuperscript{†}[mini] is not produced from /min/ in contexts other than those in which it directly precedes a verb can be illustrated by comparing two examples taken from texts: example \REF{ex:det:45} shows [mini] before a verb beginning with /n/, whereas \REF{ex:det:46} shows the pronominal form as a free \isi{subject marker} [min] preceding a word beginning with /n/. Only example \REF{ex:det:45} exhibits the form [mini].
A: word: unan	 gloss: 1PL.INCL
B: word: p-e	 gloss: be{-dep}
C: word: mini=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig=PFV
D: word: mini=nïkï-e	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): u-nji yenat ngin ___ ma-na na[-kï-p]
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG-POSS daughter DU.PROX ___ go-IRR DETR[-say-PFV]
The English translation of this sentence is:`These two daughters of yours -- [I] wanted to go on account of them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, the form \textsuperscript{†}[mini] does not occur before \isi{postposition}s that begin with /n/ \REF{ex:det:47}.
A: word: min=n	 gloss: 3DU=OBL
B: word: min=iya	 gloss: 3DU=toward
C: word: min=nap	 gloss: 3DU=for
D: word: ala	 gloss: PL.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C