cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 178:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma=u ata-u an-mbï-unda-ta unda-na
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG.OBJ=from up-from out-here-go{-cond} go-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`If some go out from there, [they] will go.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like other modifiers, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can function as a substantive, whether in a subject NP, as in \REF{ex:det:193} and \REF{ex:det:194}; in a \isi{direct object} NP, as in \REF{ex:det:195} and \REF{ex:det:196}; or in an \isi{oblique} NP, as in \REF{ex:det:197}.
A: word: kuma	 gloss: some
B: word: min=lo-p	 gloss: 3DU=cut-PFV
C: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
D: word: moweka	 gloss: also
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 179:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ___ ndï=tï nï-na-n-e nï wolka i
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ 3PL=take 1SG=give-PFV-DEP 1SG again go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`They gave me some and I in turn went.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like other modifiers, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can function as a substantive, whether in a subject NP, as in \REF{ex:det:193} and \REF{ex:det:194}; in a \isi{direct object} NP, as in \REF{ex:det:195} and \REF{ex:det:196}; or in an \isi{oblique} NP, as in \REF{ex:det:197}.
A: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
B: word: moweka	 gloss: also
C: word: ala-nji	 gloss: PL.DIST{-poss}
D: word: kuma	 gloss: some
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 180:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï ___ ndï=nïkï-p nï=iya i
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ ___ 3PL=dig-PFV 1SG=toward go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`She dug some out and came to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like other modifiers, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can function as a substantive, whether in a subject NP, as in \REF{ex:det:193} and \REF{ex:det:194}; in a \isi{direct object} NP, as in \REF{ex:det:195} and \REF{ex:det:196}; or in an \isi{oblique} NP, as in \REF{ex:det:197}.
A: word: tïngïn	 gloss: many
B: word: moweka	 gloss: also
C: word: kuma	 gloss: some
D: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 181:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): min ma=p-e ___ u-p-e
Gloss (with missing item): 3DU 3SG.OBJ=be{-dep} ___ put-PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`The two are there and [they] planted some.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like other modifiers, kuma ‘some’ can function as a substantive, whether in a subject NP, as in \REF{ex:det:193} and \REF{ex:det:194}; in a \isi{direct object} NP, as in \REF{ex:det:195} and \REF{ex:det:196}; or in an \isi{oblique} NP, as in \REF{ex:det:197}.
A: word: ndï=kï-na	 gloss: 3PL=say-IRR
B: word: nji=n	 gloss: thing=OBL
C: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
D: word: kuma=n	 gloss: some=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 182:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kuma apa ma=unda-e i-si-al monombam aw-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ some house 3SG.OBJ=go-IPFV hand-push-PFV forehead put-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some of us go to church and pray.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note the use of \isi{subject marker}s and \isi{object marker}s. While kuma ‘some’ patterns mostly like other \isi{adjective}s, there is at least one quirk in its \isi{syntactic} patterning. To express a \isi{partitive} sense in the first \isi{person} or second \isi{person} (i.e., ‘some of us’, ‘some of you’, etc.), kuma ‘some’ is placed after the relevant \isi{pronoun}, as in \REF{ex:det:198} and \REF{ex:det:199}.
A: word: unan=wali-nda	 gloss: 1PL.INCL=hit-IRR
B: word: unan	 gloss: 1PL.INCL
C: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
D: word: unan=lu	 gloss: 1PL.INCL=with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 183:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan ___ apa ma=unda-e i-si-al monombam aw-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL ___ house 3SG.OBJ=go-IPFV hand-push-PFV forehead put-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some of us go to church and pray.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note the use of \isi{subject marker}s and \isi{object marker}s. While the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ patterns mostly like other \isi{adjective}s, there is at least one quirk in its \isi{syntactic} patterning. To express a \isi{partitive} sense in the first \isi{person} or second \isi{person} (i.e., ‘its gloss ___ of us’, ‘its gloss ___ of you’, etc.), the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is placed after the relevant \isi{pronoun}, as in \REF{ex:det:198} and \REF{ex:det:199}.
A: word: kuma	 gloss: some
B: word: moweka	 gloss: also
C: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
D: word: kwe	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 184:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kuma an=angani p-e imot a-e
Gloss (with missing item): ___ some 1PL.EXCL=behind be{-dep} log break-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some of you are behind us, breaking firewood.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note the use of \isi{subject marker}s and \isi{object marker}s. While kuma ‘some’ patterns mostly like other \isi{adjective}s, there is at least one quirk in its \isi{syntactic} patterning. To express a \isi{partitive} sense in the first \isi{person} or second \isi{person} (i.e., ‘some of us’, ‘some of you’, etc.), kuma ‘some’ is placed after the relevant \isi{pronothe morpheme ___}, as in \REF{ex:det:198} and \REF{ex:det:199}.
A: word: un	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
C: word: unan=a-e	 gloss: 1PL.INCL-break-IPFV
D: word: ilum	 gloss: piece
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 185:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): un ___ an=angani p-e imot a-e
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL ___ 1PL.EXCL=behind be{-dep} log break-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some of you are behind us, breaking firewood.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note the use of \isi{subject marker}s and \isi{object marker}s. While the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ patterns mostly like other \isi{adjective}s, there is at least one quirk in its \isi{syntactic} patterning. To express a \isi{partitive} sense in the first \isi{person} or second \isi{person} (i.e., ‘its gloss ___ of us’, ‘its gloss ___ of you’, etc.), the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is placed after the relevant \isi{pronoun}, as in \REF{ex:det:198} and \REF{ex:det:199}.
A: word: nunu	 gloss: every
B: word: kuma	 gloss: some
C: word: moweka	 gloss: also
D: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 186:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma=tï-na kuma ma=na-kamb
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG.OBJ=take-IRR some 3SG.OBJ=DETR-shun
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some wanted to get her; others didn’t want it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is used in contrastive statements, providing a \isi{correlative} structure (i.e., ‘its gloss ___ … others …’), as in \REF{ex:det:200} and \REF{ex:det:201}.
A: word: kuma	 gloss: some
B: word: ndï=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3PL=dig-PFV
C: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
D: word: moweka	 gloss: also
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 187:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kuma ma=tï-na ___ ma=na-kamb
Gloss (with missing item): some 3SG.OBJ=take-IRR ___ 3SG.OBJ=DETR-shun
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some wanted to get her; others didn’t want it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is used in contrastive statements, providing a \isi{correlative} structure (i.e., ‘its gloss ___ … others …’), as in \REF{ex:det:200} and \REF{ex:det:201}.
A: word: moweka	 gloss: also
B: word: min=atï	 gloss: 3DU=hit
C: word: kuma	 gloss: some
D: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 188:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an ___ ma=ta-n-e kuma an mama u ma=nïkï-e itïm aw-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL ___ 3SG.OBJ=say-IPFV-DEP some 1PL.EXCL mouth from 3SG.OBJ=dig-DEP trash put{-ipfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some of us are saying it; but others of us are cutting it [= this good message] out of [our] mouths and putting [it] into the trash.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is used in contrastive statements, providing a \isi{correlative} structure (i.e., ‘its gloss ___ … others …’), as in \REF{ex:det:200} and \REF{ex:det:201}.
A: word: kuma	 gloss: some
B: word: top	 gloss: throw
C: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
D: word: moweka	 gloss: also
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 189:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an kuma ma=ta-n-e ___ an mama u ma=nïkï-e itïm aw-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL some 3SG.OBJ=say-IPFV-DEP ___ 1PL.EXCL mouth from 3SG.OBJ=dig-DEP trash put{-ipfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some of us are saying it; but others of us are cutting it [= this good message] out of [our] mouths and putting [it] into the trash.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is used in contrastive statements, providing a \isi{correlative} structure (i.e., ‘its gloss ___ … others …’), as in \REF{ex:det:200} and \REF{ex:det:201}.
A: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
B: word: kuma=tï	 gloss: some=take
C: word: kuma	 gloss: some
D: word: moweka	 gloss: also
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 190:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ndï=n u ma ___ ko=tï-n
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG 3PL=OBL from 3SG.OBJ ___ INDF=take-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I got a piece of it [= tobacco] from them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to wopa ‘all’, nunu ‘every’, and kuma ‘some’ -- all of which, to varying degrees, behave unusually \isi{syntactic}ally -- there are several other words in Ulwa that have quantity-related meanings. First, the principal means of expressing a small amount or number is the word the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, which I consider primarily to be a noun, but which can also function as a modifier along with other nouns in an NP. Its various uses are illustrated by examples \REF{ex:det:203} through \REF{ex:det:206}.
A: word: ilum	 gloss: piece
B: word: min=asa-p	 gloss: 3DU=hit-PFV
C: word: tangin	 gloss: [name]
D: word: ilum=nï	 gloss: piece=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 191:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï nji ___ ma=lu-nda
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG thing ___ 3SG.OBJ=put-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`I will plant a few things there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to wopa ‘all’, nunu ‘every’, and kuma ‘some’ -- all of which, to varying degrees, behave unusually \isi{syntactic}ally -- there are several other words in Ulwa that have quantity-related meanings. First, the principal means of expressing a small amount or number is the word ilum ‘piece’, which I consider primarily to be a noun, but which can also function as a modifier along with other nouns in an NP. Its various uses are illustrated by examples \REF{ex:det:203} through \REF{ex:det:206}.
A: word: ilum	 gloss: piece
B: word: akum=nï	 gloss: basket=OBL
C: word: ilum=nï	 gloss: piece=OBL
D: word: ambi	 gloss: big
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 192:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an ango maka ___ inda-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL NEG thus ___ walk-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`We wouldn’t walk one by one.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The word the morpheme ___ ‘one each’ may also be used to express a limited number.\footnote{This word has the alternative form kwekaka ‘one each’.} The word seems to have derived as a \isi{calque} from \ili{Tok Pisin} wanwan ‘one each’. It behaves primarily like an \isi{adverb}, as in \REF{ex:det:207} and \REF{ex:det:208}.
A: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
B: word: kwa	 gloss: one
C: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
D: word: keka	 gloss: completely
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 193:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï unan=nï ___ ina-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL 1PL.INCL=OBL ___ get-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`They had just a few of us.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The word the morpheme ___ ‘one each’ may also be used to express a limited number.\footnote{This word has the alternative form kwekaka ‘one each’.} The word seems to have derived as a \isi{calque} from \ili{Tok Pisin} wanwan ‘one each’. It behaves primarily like an \isi{adverb}, as in \REF{ex:det:207} and \REF{ex:det:208}.
A: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
B: word: ma=ita-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-IPFV
C: word: keka	 gloss: completely
D: word: kwa	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 194:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): inim ___ keka i
Gloss (with missing item): water ___ completely go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`A lot of water has gone.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: To express large non-countable quantities, \isi{adjective}s such as the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ are used, as in \REF{ex:det:209} and \REF{ex:det:210}.
A: word: ambi=p	 gloss: big=COP
B: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
C: word: ambi	 gloss: big
D: word: ma=ita-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-PFV-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 195:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ango ndï=n wombasa anga ___ moko-e
Gloss (with missing item): NEG 3PL=OBL clay.pot side ___ take-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[They] don’t get lots of money with them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: To express large non-countable quantities, \isi{adjective}s such as the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ are used, as in \REF{ex:det:209} and \REF{ex:det:210}.
A: word: ambi	 gloss: big
B: word: nïpat	 gloss: huge
C: word: andin	 gloss: DU.DIST
D: word: ambi=p	 gloss: big=COP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 196:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ulum ndï ankam ___ ndï=ama-e
Gloss (with missing item): palm 3PL person ___ 3PL=eat-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The sago palms -- many people are eating them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For large countable quantities, the word the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is used. It patterns for the most part with other modifiers (i.e., \isi{adjective}s). Namely, it can appear after nouns and precede \isi{subject marker}s or \isi{object marker}s. Like other modifiers, it can also serve as a substantive (i.e., as the \isi{head} of a \isi{noun phrase}). That said, there does seem to be a tendency for \isi{object marker}s to be omitted from NPs containing (or consisting exclusively of) the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’. Perhaps this suggests that the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ behaves differently from other modifiers. Alternatively it may simply support the idea that there is a correlation between lack of \isi{object marker}s and lack of \isi{definiteness} (\sectref{sec:7.2}). Sentences \REF{ex:det:211} through \REF{ex:det:214} exemplify the use of the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’.
A: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
B: word: tïngïn	 gloss: many
C: word: anjika	 gloss: how.many
D: word: tïngïn=p-e	 gloss: many=COP-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B