cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yawa ndï anasa ___ ma=tï ma=na-nda
Gloss (with missing item): uncle 3PL pick.axe ___ 3SG.OBJ=take 3SG.OBJ=give-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`The uncles will make a pick-axe and give it to her.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although helpful in designating the \isi{number} of referents in an object NP, object markers, like \isi{subject marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.1}), are not always included in their respective NPs. Again, their absence may be a simple omission, the product of casual speech. Their omission does, however, seem to be more likely when the referent is less definite, but no clear correlation has been found in the corpus. In other words, Ulwa may exhibit a form of \is{object marking} \isi{differential object marking} in addition to exhibiting \isi{differential subject marking} (\sectref{sec:7.1}). The objects of examples \REF{ex:det:48} and \REF{ex:det:49} are both \isi{indefinite}; in \REF{ex:det:48} the object receives the \isi{object marker} (for each of two verbs), whereas in \REF{ex:det:49} it does not.
A: word: yawt	 gloss: machete
B: word: ma=ita-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-PFV-DEP
C: word: ma=ita-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-PFV
D: word: ngin=tï	 gloss: DU.PROX=take
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yawa ndï anasa ma=ita-p-e ___ ma=na-nda
Gloss (with missing item): uncle 3PL pick.axe 3SG.OBJ=build-PFV-DEP ___ 3SG.OBJ=give-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`The uncles will make a pick-axe and give it to her.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although helpful in designating the \isi{number} of referents in an object NP, object markers, like \isi{subject marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.1}), are not always included in their respective NPs. Again, their absence may be a simple omission, the product of casual speech. Their omission does, however, seem to be more likely when the referent is less definite, but no clear correlation has been found in the corpus. In other words, Ulwa may exhibit a form of \is{object marking} \isi{differential object marking} in addition to exhibiting \isi{differential subject marking} (\sectref{sec:7.1}). The objects of examples \REF{ex:det:48} and \REF{ex:det:49} are both \isi{indefinite}; in \REF{ex:det:48} the object receives the \isi{object marker} (for each of two verbs), whereas in \REF{ex:det:49} it does not.
A: word: ma=tï-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
B: word: ma=ala	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=for
C: word: ma=tï	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=take
D: word: ndï=kï-na	 gloss: 3PL=say-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yawa ndï anasa ___ ma=tï ma=na-nda
Gloss (with missing item): uncle 3PL pick.axe ___ 3SG.OBJ=take 3SG.OBJ=give-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`The uncles will make a pick-axe and give it to her.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although helpful in designating the \isi{number} of referents in an object NP, object markers, like \isi{subject marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.1}), are not always included in their respective NPs. Again, their absence may be a simple omission, the product of casual speech. Their omission does, however, seem to be more likely when the referent is less definite, but no clear correlation has been found in the corpus. In other words, Ulwa may exhibit a form of \is{object marking} \isi{differential object marking} in addition to exhibiting \isi{differential subject marking} (\sectref{sec:7.1}). The objects of examples \REF{ex:det:48} and \REF{ex:det:49} are both \isi{indefinite}; in \REF{ex:det:48} the object receives the \isi{object marker} (for each of two verbs), whereas in \REF{ex:det:49} it does not.
A: word: nï=la-ka-ta	 gloss: 1SG=IRR-let-COND
B: word: ma=ita-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-PFV
C: word: ma=ita-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-PFV-DEP
D: word: lele=p	 gloss: three=COP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yawa ndï anasa ma=ita-p-e ___ ma=na-nda
Gloss (with missing item): uncle 3PL pick.axe 3SG.OBJ=build-PFV-DEP ___ 3SG.OBJ=give-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`The uncles will make a pick-axe and give it to her.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although helpful in designating the \isi{number} of referents in an object NP, object markers, like \isi{subject marker}s (\sectref{sec:7.1}), are not always included in their respective NPs. Again, their absence may be a simple omission, the product of casual speech. Their omission does, however, seem to be more likely when the referent is less definite, but no clear correlation has been found in the corpus. In other words, Ulwa may exhibit a form of \is{object marking} \isi{differential object marking} in addition to exhibiting \isi{differential subject marking} (\sectref{sec:7.1}). The objects of examples \REF{ex:det:48} and \REF{ex:det:49} are both \isi{indefinite}; in \REF{ex:det:48} the object receives the \isi{object marker} (for each of two verbs), whereas in \REF{ex:det:49} it does not.
A: word: ma=tï	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=take
B: word: ma=ala	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=for
C: word: ambi	 gloss: big
D: word: ma=tï-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): imba na-p-e ay ___ ndï=n ambla=n u-p
Gloss (with missing item): night DETR-be{-dep} sago ___ 3PL=OBL PL.REFL=OBL put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`At night [they] made sago [packets] and left them for themselves.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another set of examples with \isi{indefinite} object NPs contrasts the absence \REF{ex:det:50} and presence \REF{ex:det:51} of the \isi{object marker}.
A: word: ndï=ina-p	 gloss: 3PL=get-PFV
B: word: min=nap	 gloss: 3DU=for
C: word: ndï=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3PL=dig-PFV
D: word: ndï=nïkï-ta	 gloss: 3PL=dig-IRR-COND
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): imba na-p-e ay ndï=nïkï-p ___ ambla=n u-p
Gloss (with missing item): night DETR-be{-dep} sago 3PL=dig-PFV ___ PL.REFL=OBL put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`At night [they] made sago [packets] and left them for themselves.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another set of examples with \isi{indefinite} object NPs contrasts the absence \REF{ex:det:50} and presence \REF{ex:det:51} of the \isi{object marker}.
A: word: andin=ala	 gloss: DU.DIST=see
B: word: ndï=na-nda	 gloss: 3PL=give-IRR
C: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
D: word: un=ïn	 gloss: 2PL=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Kayngam i ya ___ ata-i
Gloss (with missing item): [name] go.PFV coconut ___ up-go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kayngam went, climbed up a coconut tree.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to appearing as the final element in verbal object NPs (that is, immediately preceding verbs), object markers occur as the final elements of NPs that are the objects of \isi{postposition}s, as in examples \REF{ex:det:52} through \REF{ex:det:56}.
A: word: ma=ka	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=at
B: word: ma=iya	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=toward
C: word: ala=iya	 gloss: PL.DIST=toward
D: word: ma=asa-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=hit-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an wolka ngata ___ i-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL again grand ___ go.PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`We again went with the ancestors.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to appearing as the final element in verbal object NPs (that is, immediately preceding verbs), object markers occur as the final elements of NPs that are the objects of \isi{postposition}s, as in examples \REF{ex:det:52} through \REF{ex:det:56}.
A: word: ndï=ula-e	 gloss: 3PL=weave-IPFV
B: word: ndï=in	 gloss: 3PL=in
C: word: ndï=ul	 gloss: 3PL=with
D: word: ngin	 gloss: net
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ay ___ mï=na-na-p
Gloss (with missing item): sago ___ 3SG.SUBJ=DETR-feed-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[They] fed him with the sago.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Object markers are also found in NPs marked with the \isi{oblique marker} =n \textsc{‘obl’}, as in \REF{ex:det:57} and \REF{ex:det:58}.
A: word: ma=na-na	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=give-PFV
B: word: ma=n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=OBL
C: word: ma=p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be
D: word: nga=andï-na	 gloss: SG.PROX=see-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 61:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an mïnda ___ manal u-p ndï=ama-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL banana ___ hot.water put-PFV 3PL=eat-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`We boiled bananas and ate them.’\footnote{The speaker \is{metathesis} metathesizes the /n/ and /l/ in manal ‘hot water’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Object markers are also found in NPs marked with the \isi{oblique marker} =n \textsc{‘obl’}, as in \REF{ex:det:57} and \REF{ex:det:58}.
A: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
B: word: ndï=wat-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=atop-put-PFV
C: word: un=ïn	 gloss: 2PL=OBL
D: word: ndï=na-nda	 gloss: 3PL=give-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 62:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ala nï nji ___
Gloss (with missing item): PL.DIST 1SG thing ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Guys, I killed something!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to the three object markers used for indexing what are usually definite referents (whether \isi{singular}, \isi{dual}, or \isi{plural}), there is a (third-\isi{singular}) \isi{indefinite} marker, ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’, clearly derived from the \isi{numeral} kwa {\textasciitilde} kwe ‘one’. I consider this form to be a sort of \isi{object marker}, both because it tends to \isi{clitic}ize to the following verb, \isi{postposition}, or \isi{oblique marker} and because it never appears in subject NPs: only the forms /kwa/ or /kwe/ may appear in this position (and when they do they have definite reference, i.e., ‘one’). Given that it is not found with nouns in subject NPs, but is rather thus restricted in use, the \isi{indefinite} marker ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’ is not considered to be an “\isi{indefinite} article”.\footnote{Note, however, that the form [ko] can occur as a free morpheme. When it does, it is to be interpreted as the \isi{modal adverb} ko ‘just’, not as the \isi{indefinite} \isi{object marker} ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’, with which it is probably etymologically related. Perhaps another reason for not considering ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’ to be an article is that it is never obligatory.} The \isi{indefinite} \isi{object marker} is illustrated by examples \REF{ex:det:59} through \REF{ex:det:63}.
A: word: nunu	 gloss: every
B: word: ko=asa-p-e	 gloss: INDF=hit-PFV-DEP
C: word: p-ta	 gloss: be{-cond}
D: word: ko=asa-p	 gloss: INDF=hit-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 63:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ango wondi ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL NEG bandicoot ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`They didn’t get a [single] bandicoot.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to the three object markers used for indexing what are usually definite referents (whether \isi{singular}, \isi{dual}, or \isi{plural}), there is a (third-\isi{singular}) \isi{indefinite} marker, ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’, clearly derived from the \isi{numeral} kwa {\textasciitilde} kwe ‘one’. I consider this form to be a sort of \isi{object marker}, both because it tends to \isi{clitic}ize to the following verb, \isi{postposition}, or \isi{oblique marker} and because it never appears in subject NPs: only the forms /kwa/ or /kwe/ may appear in this position (and when they do they have definite reference, i.e., ‘one’). Given that it is not found with nouns in subject NPs, but is rather thus restricted in use, the \isi{indefinite} marker ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’ is not considered to be an “\isi{indefinite} article”.\footnote{Note, however, that the form [ko] can occur as a free morpheme. When it does, it is to be interpreted as the \isi{modal adverb} ko ‘just’, not as the \isi{indefinite} \isi{object marker} ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’, with which it is probably etymologically related. Perhaps another reason for not considering ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’ to be an article is that it is never obligatory.} The \isi{indefinite} \isi{object marker} is illustrated by examples \REF{ex:det:59} through \REF{ex:det:63}.
A: word: wap	 gloss: be.PST
B: word: min=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3DU=before-let-NMLZ
C: word: ko=tï-n	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV
D: word: ko=tï-n-e	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 64:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aw ___ nï=na-n
Gloss (with missing item): betel.nut ___ 1SG=give-IMP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Please pass the betel nut!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This marker is commonly used in demands or \isi{request}s to be given something, such as the very common \isi{request} to be passed betel nut \REF{ex:det:64}.
A: word: bopten	 gloss: [place]
B: word: lele=p	 gloss: three=COP
C: word: ko=tï	 gloss: INDF=take
D: word: ko=tï-n	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 65:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaw nungol ___ nï=na-ta
Gloss (with missing item): cow child ___ 1SG=give-COND
The English translation of this sentence is:`Give me a calf!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:det:65} likewise illustrates the use of the \isi{indefinite} marker ko= ‘\textsc{indf}’ in a demand to be given something.
A: word: ko=tï	 gloss: INDF=take
B: word: nungol	 gloss: child
C: word: ma=uta-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=grind-PFV
D: word: ko=tï-n	 gloss: INDF=take-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 66:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï ma=i ndï=imbam lo-p ___ ma=lo-p lï-p ma=ale-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV 3PL=under go-PFV ___ 3SG.OBJ=cut-PFV put-PFV 3SG.OBJ=scrape-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`She went there, went under them, cut one [= a palm] down, and scraped it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although etymologically related to the form the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, the definite numerical sense of ‘its gloss ___’ is generally not felt in the \isi{object marker}. Rather, to give the sense of ‘(exactly) its gloss ___’, the \isi{numeral} itself is used, followed by a 3\textsc{sg} marker, as in examples \REF{ex:det:66}, \REF{ex:det:67}, and \REF{ex:det:68}.
A: word: kwa-nji	 gloss: one{-poss}
B: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
C: word: min=atï	 gloss: 3DU=hit
D: word: kwa	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 67:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï ma=i ndï=imbam lo-p kwa ___ lï-p ma=ale-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV 3PL=under go-PFV one ___ put-PFV 3SG.OBJ=scrape-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`She went there, went under them, cut one [= a palm] down, and scraped it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although etymologically related to the form kwa ‘one’, the definite numerical sense of ‘one’ is generally not felt in the \isi{object marker}. Rather, to give the sense of ‘(exactly) one’, the \isi{numeral} itself is used, followed by a 3\textsc{sg} marker, as in examples \REF{ex:det:66}, \REF{ex:det:67}, and \REF{ex:det:68}.
A: word: nga=lo-p-e	 gloss: SG.PROX=cut-PFV-DEP
B: word: lele	 gloss: three
C: word: ma=won-lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cut-put-PFV
D: word: ma=lo-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cut-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 68:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï ___ ma=ul ni-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ 3SG.OBJ=with act-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was making one [= an armband].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although etymologically related to the form the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, the definite numerical sense of ‘its gloss ___’ is generally not felt in the \isi{object marker}. Rather, to give the sense of ‘(exactly) its gloss ___’, the \isi{numeral} itself is used, followed by a 3\textsc{sg} marker, as in examples \REF{ex:det:66}, \REF{ex:det:67}, and \REF{ex:det:68}.
A: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
B: word: min=angani-ka-en	 gloss: 3DU=before-let-NMLZ
C: word: kwa	 gloss: one
D: word: kwa-nji	 gloss: one{-poss}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C