cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 106:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): inom ___ na=n ma=kï-ta
Gloss (with missing item): mother ___ talk=OBL 3SG.OBJ=say-COND
The English translation of this sentence is:`If this mother tells him …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, when a referent has been introduced, a speaker can refer again to this referent with a \isi{deictic} word. In the text from which examples \REF{ex:det:111} and \REF{ex:det:112} are taken, the speaker introduces a subject with the \isi{subject marker} mï ‘3\textsc{sg.subj’} \REF{ex:det:111}, but shortly thereafter refers again to the same referent with the \isi{demonstrative} word the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) \REF{ex:det:112}.
A: word: un=ul	 gloss: 2PL=with
B: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
C: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
D: word: nga=p-ta	 gloss: SG.PROX=be{-cond}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 107:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an-nji ngata ___ inda-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL-POSS grand ___ walk-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[We] walked around with our grandparents.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, however, the \isi{deictic} function of \isi{demonstrative} words is not clear. The choice between nga ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) and anda ‘\textsc{sg.dist}’ (‘that’), for example, does not always seem to reflect proximity or distance, whether spatial, \isi{temporal}, or narrative. Perhaps speakers make decisions based on desires to signal \isi{metaphor}ical proximity or distance to referents. This seems possible especially when referring to people in general terms -- that is, people who are physically neither close nor far in the event encoded in the clause. Other times, however, it is not at all clear to me why these words are being used, and there could be some degree of \isi{free variation} for speakers in certain circumstances. In sentences \REF{ex:det:113} through \REF{ex:det:118}, the \isi{deictic} function of the \isi{demonstrative} words is unclear.
A: word: ngala=ul	 gloss: PL.PROX=with
B: word: ngala=ta	 gloss: PL.PROX=say
C: word: ala=ul	 gloss: PL.DIST=with
D: word: nga=asa	 gloss: SG.PROX=hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 108:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji yawa ___ itom ndï-nji tana ma=tï ni-en
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS uncle ___ father 3PL-POSS axe 3SG.OBJ=take act{-nmlz}
The English translation of this sentence is:`This uncle of mine was one who got the forefathers’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, however, the \isi{deictic} function of \isi{demonstrative} words is not clear. The choice between the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) and anda ‘\textsc{sg.dist}’ (‘that’), for example, does not always seem to reflect proximity or distance, whether spatial, \isi{temporal}, or narrative. Perhaps speakers make decisions based on desires to signal \isi{metaphor}ical proximity or distance to referents. This seems possible especially when referring to people in general terms -- that is, people who are physically neither close nor far in the event encoded in the clause. Other times, however, it is not at all clear to me why these words are being used, and there could be some degree of \isi{free variation} for speakers in certain circumstances. In sentences \REF{ex:det:113} through \REF{ex:det:118}, the \isi{deictic} function of the \isi{demonstrative} words is unclear.
A: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
B: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
C: word: ma=iya	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=toward
D: word: nga=p-ta	 gloss: SG.PROX=be{-cond}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 109:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ane ___ si-ta
Gloss (with missing item): sun ___ push-COND
The English translation of this sentence is:`Whenever it was dry season …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reference to undoubtedly distant entities, such as the sun or the moon, for example, may be referred to with either \isi{proximal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:119} and \REF{ex:det:120}, or \isi{distal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:121} and \REF{ex:det:122}; they may alternatively be referred to with the \isi{subject marker} mï ‘3\textsc{sg}’ \REF{ex:det:123} or with no marker at all \REF{ex:det:124}.
A: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
B: word: ma=ul	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=with
C: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
D: word: nga=p-ta	 gloss: SG.PROX=be{-cond}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 110:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ango li ma lïmndï ata-u ane ___
Gloss (with missing item): NEG down go eye up-from sun ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`[She] won’t go down and look up at the sun. ’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reference to undoubtedly distant entities, such as the sun or the moon, for example, may be referred to with either \isi{proximal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:119} and \REF{ex:det:120}, or \isi{distal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:121} and \REF{ex:det:122}; they may alternatively be referred to with the \isi{subject marker} mï ‘3\textsc{sg}’ \REF{ex:det:123} or with no marker at all \REF{ex:det:124}.
A: word: nga=andï-na	 gloss: SG.PROX=see-IRR
B: word: nga=ma-na	 gloss: SG.PROX=go-IRR
C: word: ma=ita-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=build-IPFV
D: word: ma=andï-na	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=see-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 111:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a ane ___ li na-ma-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): ah sun ___ down DETR-go-IPFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Ah, the sun is setting.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reference to undoubtedly distant entities, such as the sun or the moon, for example, may be referred to with either \isi{proximal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:119} and \REF{ex:det:120}, or \isi{distal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:121} and \REF{ex:det:122}; they may alternatively be referred to with the \isi{subject marker} mï ‘3\textsc{sg}’ \REF{ex:det:123} or with no marker at all \REF{ex:det:124}.
A: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
B: word: ma=ama-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-IPFV
C: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
D: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): iwïl ___ li-i-e wa imba p-e
Gloss (with missing item): moon ___ down-go.PFV-DEP village night be{-ipfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`The moon had set; the village was dark.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reference to undoubtedly distant entities, such as the sun or the moon, for example, may be referred to with either \isi{proximal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:119} and \REF{ex:det:120}, or \isi{distal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:121} and \REF{ex:det:122}; they may alternatively be referred to with the \isi{subject marker} mï ‘3\textsc{sg}’ \REF{ex:det:123} or with no marker at all \REF{ex:det:124}.
A: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
B: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
C: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
D: word: kwa	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an-we iwïl ___ ata na-i na-i
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL-PART.INT moon ___ up DETR-go.PFV DETR-go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`We were alone; the moon rose and rose.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reference to undoubtedly distant entities, such as the sun or the moon, for example, may be referred to with either \isi{proximal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:119} and \REF{ex:det:120}, or \isi{distal} determiners, as in \REF{ex:det:121} and \REF{ex:det:122}; they may alternatively be referred to with the \isi{subject marker} the morpheme ___ ‘3\textsc{sg}’ \REF{ex:det:123} or with no marker at all \REF{ex:det:124}.
A: word: mini=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig=PFV
B: word: mï	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ
C: word: ma=wana-ta	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=feel-say
D: word: mïka	 gloss: tree.species
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ambi ___ na nga unan=iya mbï-i
Gloss (with missing item): big ___ talk SG.PROX 1PL.INCL=toward here-go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`The word of God has come to us.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the Christian god is usually referred to with the \isi{proximal} \isi{deictic} word nga ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) (i.e., ambi nga ‘this big [man]’), it seems also possible to refer to him with the \isi{distal} \isi{deictic} word anda ‘\textsc{sg.dist}’ (‘that’), as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:det:125} through \REF{ex:det:128}.
A: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
B: word: yeta	 gloss: man
C: word: nga-nji	 gloss: SG.PROX-POSS
D: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ambi ___ ma=tï an-mbï na-lï-p
Gloss (with missing item): big ___ 3SG.OBJ=take out-here DETR-put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`God has revealed him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the Christian god is usually referred to with the \isi{proximal} \isi{deictic} word nga ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) (i.e., ambi nga ‘this big [man]’), it seems also possible to refer to him with the \isi{distal} \isi{deictic} word the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sg.dist}’ (‘that’), as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:det:125} through \REF{ex:det:128}.
A: word: ndï=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=tie-put-PFV
B: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
C: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
D: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): awlu ata-u anmoka ___ apïnal anda=u an-mbï-i
Gloss (with missing item): step up-from snake ___ swamp SG.DIST=from out-here-go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`When [the moon] appeared, a snake came out from the swamp.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to serving their prototypically \isi{deictic} function, demonstratives in Ulwa may be used to indicate that an introduced NP is going to play a key role in the discourse to follow -- that is, even though the NP presents \isi{new information} (i.e., non-\isi{given information}), a form like the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sg.dist}’ (‘that’) may be used, as in \REF{ex:det:129}, \REF{ex:det:130}, and \REF{ex:det:131}.
A: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
B: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
C: word: nga=tï-n	 gloss: SG.PROX=take-PFV
D: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-ambi wandam ambi ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-TOP jungle big ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for me, I have a big garden.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to serving their prototypically \isi{deictic} function, demonstratives in Ulwa may be used to indicate that an introduced NP is going to play a key role in the discourse to follow -- that is, even though the NP presents \isi{new information} (i.e., non-\isi{given information}), a form like the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sg.dist}’ (‘that’) may be used, as in \REF{ex:det:129}, \REF{ex:det:130}, and \REF{ex:det:131}.
A: word: ma=won	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cut
B: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
C: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
D: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 118:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mbalus ___ i-na ma-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): airplane ___ come-IRR go-IPFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`An airplane was going to come.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to serving their prototypically \isi{deictic} function, demonstratives in Ulwa may be used to indicate that an introduced NP is going to play a key role in the discourse to follow -- that is, even though the NP presents \isi{new information} (i.e., non-\isi{given information}), a form like the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sg.dist}’ (‘that’) may be used, as in \REF{ex:det:129}, \REF{ex:det:130}, and \REF{ex:det:131}.
A: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
B: word: (lele)	 gloss: (three)
C: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
D: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lapun nga lamndu ___
Gloss (with missing item): old.person SG.PROX pig ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`This old man killed this pig!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:det:132} through \REF{ex:det:137} exemplify the use of the demonstratives as \isi{object marker}s.
A: word: ambla=asa-p	 gloss: PL.REFL=hit-PFV
B: word: nga=ala	 gloss: SG.PROX=see
C: word: min=nap	 gloss: 3DU=for
D: word: nga=asa	 gloss: SG.PROX=hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): upan wambana ___ ndï=ul wa unda-na
Gloss (with missing item): fish.species fish ___ 3PL=with village go-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`If [we] catch those fish, [we] will go home with them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:det:132} through \REF{ex:det:137} exemplify the use of the demonstratives as \isi{object marker}s.
A: word: ala=uta-ta	 gloss: PL.DIST=grind{-cond}
B: word: ndï=uta-ta	 gloss: 3PL=grind{-cond}
C: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
D: word: min=ta-e	 gloss: 3DU=say-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ni-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ die-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`That [one] died.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As mentioned, \isi{demonstrative} forms can also function pronominally. They can have this pronominal function, whether serving as subjects, as in examples \REF{ex:det:138}, \REF{ex:det:139}, and \REF{ex:det:140}; or serving as objects, as in examples \REF{ex:det:141} and \REF{ex:det:142}. No distinction is made between \isi{animate} and \isi{inanimate} referents.
A: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
B: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
C: word: ma=iya	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=toward
D: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ li-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ down-put
The English translation of this sentence is:`These [two] fell.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As mentioned, \isi{demonstrative} forms can also function pronominally. They can have this pronominal function, whether serving as subjects, as in examples \REF{ex:det:138}, \REF{ex:det:139}, and \REF{ex:det:140}; or serving as objects, as in examples \REF{ex:det:141} and \REF{ex:det:142}. No distinction is made between \isi{animate} and \isi{inanimate} referents.
A: word: dorothy	 gloss: [name]
B: word: matamal=p	 gloss: sharp=COP
C: word: ngin	 gloss: DU.PROX
D: word: ngin=nï	 gloss: net=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 123:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï lïmndï ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG eye ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I saw this [one].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As mentioned, \isi{demonstrative} forms can also function pronominally. They can have this pronominal function, whether serving as subjects, as in examples \REF{ex:det:138}, \REF{ex:det:139}, and \REF{ex:det:140}; or serving as objects, as in examples \REF{ex:det:141} and \REF{ex:det:142}. No distinction is made between \isi{animate} and \isi{inanimate} referents.
A: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
B: word: nga=ala	 gloss: SG.PROX=see
C: word: kwa	 gloss: one
D: word: ma=ala	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=for
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B