cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 89:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï amun iwa ngala=n ma=u-p ma=u kundan nïpat ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG now basket PL.PROX=OBL 3SG.OBJ=put-PFV 3SG.OBJ=from eel huge ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now I put these fish trap baskets [down] there and got this huge eel from there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the basic function of \isi{demonstrative} determiners is taken to be a means of providing spatial \isi{deixis} from the reference point of the speaker, the actual range of uses of demonstratives is much greater. First, it is not uncommon for a speaker to project a \isi{deictic center} to a point other than the self. Thus, while \isi{demonstrative} words in Ulwa are taken generally to be \isi{egocentric}, a speaker may choose a reference point other than himself or herself in the moment of \isi{speech}. This is common in recounted narratives \REF{ex:det:98}.
A: word: ma=tï-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
B: word: nga=moko-p	 gloss: SG.PROX=take{-pfv}
C: word: nga=tï-n	 gloss: SG.PROX=take-PFV
D: word: anda=lumo-p-ta	 gloss: SG.DIST=put-PFV-COND
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 90:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï amun iwa ___ ma=u-p ma=u kundan nïpat nga=tï-n
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG now basket ___ 3SG.OBJ=put-PFV 3SG.OBJ=from eel huge SG.PROX=take-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now I put these fish trap baskets [down] there and got this huge eel from there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:det:98}, although the \isi{proximal} \isi{deictic} words (ngala= ‘\textsc{pl.prox}’ and nga= ‘\textsc{sg.prox’}) are indeed used with reference to the speaker, they are not used in reference to the speaker’s \isi{location} at the \isi{time} of speaking, but rather to her \isi{location} in the past, when the events being recounted occurred. Projected \isi{deixis} can occur in narratives even when the actor of the clause is different from the narrator of the events, as, for example, in \REF{ex:det:99} and \REF{ex:det:100}.
A: word: ala-nji	 gloss: PL.DIST{-poss}
B: word: ngala=ta	 gloss: PL.PROX=say
C: word: ngala=tï	 gloss: PL.PROX=take
D: word: ngala=n	 gloss: PL.PROX=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 91:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï amun iwa ngala=n ma=u-p ma=u kundan nïpat ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG now basket PL.PROX=OBL 3SG.OBJ=put-PFV 3SG.OBJ=from eel huge ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now I put these fish trap baskets [down] there and got this huge eel from there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:det:98}, although the \isi{proximal} \isi{deictic} words (ngala= ‘\textsc{pl.prox}’ and nga= ‘\textsc{sg.prox’}) are indeed used with reference to the speaker, they are not used in reference to the speaker’s \isi{location} at the \isi{time} of speaking, but rather to her \isi{location} in the past, when the events being recounted occurred. Projected \isi{deixis} can occur in narratives even when the actor of the clause is different from the narrator of the events, as, for example, in \REF{ex:det:99} and \REF{ex:det:100}.
A: word: nga=moko-p	 gloss: SG.PROX=take{-pfv}
B: word: ita-na	 gloss: build-IRR
C: word: ma=tï-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
D: word: nga=tï-n	 gloss: SG.PROX=take-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 92:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï i wolka i ma-nji anaw ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ go.PFV again go.PFV 3SG.OBJ-POSS paddle ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He went, went back, got his motorboat …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:det:98}, although the \isi{proximal} \isi{deictic} words (ngala= ‘\textsc{pl.prox}’ and nga= ‘\textsc{sg.prox’}) are indeed used with reference to the speaker, they are not used in reference to the speaker’s \isi{location} at the \isi{time} of speaking, but rather to her \isi{location} in the past, when the events being recounted occurred. Projected \isi{deixis} can occur in narratives even when the actor of the clause is different from the narrator of the events, as, for example, in \REF{ex:det:99} and \REF{ex:det:100}.
A: word: nga=tï-n	 gloss: SG.PROX=take-PFV
B: word: ma=lo-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cut-PFV
C: word: ma=tï-n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV
D: word: nga=moko-p	 gloss: SG.PROX=take{-pfv}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 93:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): anul ma=in i wonmbi ___ ma=in i
Gloss (with missing item): grassland 3SG.OBJ=in go.PFV tusk ___ 3SG.OBJ=in go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] went into the grass, got these two tusks, and went in.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In example \REF{ex:det:98}, although the \isi{proximal} \isi{deictic} words (ngala= ‘\textsc{pl.prox}’ and nga= ‘\textsc{sg.prox’}) are indeed used with reference to the speaker, they are not used in reference to the speaker’s \isi{location} at the \isi{time} of speaking, but rather to her \isi{location} in the past, when the events being recounted occurred. Projected \isi{deixis} can occur in narratives even when the actor of the clause is different from the narrator of the events, as, for example, in \REF{ex:det:99} and \REF{ex:det:100}.
A: word: ngala=tï	 gloss: PL.PROX=take
B: word: ma=ama-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=eat-IPFV
C: word: ngin=tï	 gloss: DU.PROX=take
D: word: min=tï	 gloss: 3DU=take
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 94:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): alum ma=kot-p an ma=ul ___
Gloss (with missing item): child 3SG.OBJ=break-PFV 1PL.EXCL 3SG.OBJ=with ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`She bore a child, and we were there with her.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This phenomenon of projection can further be illustrated with the \isi{locative adverb} mbï ‘here’ (\sectref{sec:8.2.2}), which can signify space near the referent of the clause, even when this is not near the speaker in his or her current \isi{location}, as in example \REF{ex:det:101}.
A: word: mbï-p-e	 gloss: here-be-DEP
B: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
C: word: mbï-wap	 gloss: here-be.PST
D: word: wap	 gloss: be.PST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 95:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ipka ___ matmat mbï-u ulwa=p-e
Gloss (with missing item): before ___ cemetery here-from nothing=COP-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the past, there was no cemetery here.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Demonstratives, although fundamentally spatial, may be extended in their use to have \isi{temporal} \isi{deixis}. Thus, \isi{proximal} forms may be used to refer to \isi{time}s (\isi{metaphor}ically) close to the \isi{present}, whereas \isi{distal} forms signal more (\isi{metaphor}ically) distant \isi{time}, as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:det:102} through \REF{ex:det:106}.
A: word: ala=wopa	 gloss: PL.DIST=all
B: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
C: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
D: word: anda=n	 gloss: SG.DIST=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 96:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): iwïl ___ ma ma=p-ta apa anda=ita-na
Gloss (with missing item): moon ___ go 3SG.OBJ=be{-cond} house SG.DIST=build-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Next month [I] will go and build a house there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Demonstratives, although fundamentally spatial, may be extended in their use to have \isi{temporal} \isi{deixis}. Thus, \isi{proximal} forms may be used to refer to \isi{time}s (\isi{metaphor}ically) close to the \isi{present}, whereas \isi{distal} forms signal more (\isi{metaphor}ically) distant \isi{time}, as illustrated by examples \REF{ex:det:102} through \REF{ex:det:106}.
A: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
B: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
C: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
D: word: anda=n	 gloss: SG.DIST=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 97:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): iwïl ___ ma ma=p-ta apa anda=ita-na
Gloss (with missing item): moon ___ go 3SG.OBJ=be{-cond} house SG.DIST=build-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Next month [I] will go and build a house there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:det:106} also illustrates how words like \ili{English} ‘this’, ‘these’, ‘that’, and ‘those’ are often not ideal (or even possible) translations for the \isi{demonstrative} markers. This is because, even though the Ulwa \isi{demonstrative}s serve some \isi{deictic} function of pointing to a place or \isi{time}, they do not necessarily have a definite referent. Thus, in example \REF{ex:det:106}, the translation ‘a house’ is given, since this unbuilt house has no definite referent; the salient information, however, is that the house will be built ‘there’.\footnote{Of course, it is possible that the ‘house’ in this sentence does indeed have a definite referent, just not a real-world one, and that the speaker and hearer can both be thinking of a specific yet-to-be-built house.}
A: word: ndï=wat-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=atop-put-PFV
B: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
C: word: anda=n	 gloss: SG.DIST=OBL
D: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 98:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): iwïl ___ ma ma=p-ta apa anda=ita-na
Gloss (with missing item): moon ___ go 3SG.OBJ=be{-cond} house SG.DIST=build-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Next month [I] will go and build a house there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:det:106} also illustrates how words like \ili{English} ‘this’, ‘these’, ‘that’, and ‘those’ are often not ideal (or even possible) translations for the \isi{demonstrative} markers. This is because, even though the Ulwa \isi{demonstrative}s serve some \isi{deictic} function of pointing to a place or \isi{time}, they do not necessarily have a definite referent. Thus, in example \REF{ex:det:106}, the translation ‘a house’ is given, since this unbuilt house has no definite referent; the salient information, however, is that the house will be built ‘there’.\footnote{Of course, it is possible that the ‘house’ in this sentence does indeed have a definite referent, just not a real-world one, and that the speaker and hearer can both be thinking of a specific yet-to-be-built house.}
A: word: wap	 gloss: be.PST
B: word: anda=n	 gloss: SG.DIST=OBL
C: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
D: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 99:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): oke li ngata ngusuwa ___ Kayta Amombi Yokombla Yaruwa Kayngam
Gloss (with missing item): ok down grand poor ___ [name] [name] [name] [name] [name]
The English translation of this sentence is:`OK, the downstream ancestors, the poor things, were as follows: Kayta, Amombi, Yokombla, Yaruwa, and Kayngam.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In addition to spatial and \isi{temporal} \isi{deictic} functions, the \isi{demonstrative} words in Ulwa can serve discourse functions as well, pointing to \isi{speech} itself, whether already spoken or not yet uttered \REF{ex:det:107}.
A: word: nga=p-ta	 gloss: SG.PROX=be{-cond}
B: word: ndï=wopa	 gloss: 3PL=all
C: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
D: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 100:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ini na ___ mï ambi=p
Gloss (with missing item): ground talk ___ 3SG.SUBJ big=COP
The English translation of this sentence is:`This talk about land is big -- it [has gotten] big.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Demonstrative words may also be used, to similar effect, as determiners modifying the word na ‘talk’, as in examples \REF{ex:det:108}, \REF{ex:det:109}, and \REF{ex:det:110}.
A: word: ko=asa-p	 gloss: INDF=hit-PFV
B: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
C: word: nga=p-ta	 gloss: SG.PROX=be{-cond}
D: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 101:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma=asa-e na ___ unan asi-ka ma=ta-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBJ=hit{-dep} talk ___ 1PL.INCL sit-let 3SG.OBJ=say-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`That talk of [them] killing her – we sat and discussed it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Demonstrative words may also be used, to similar effect, as determiners modifying the word na ‘talk’, as in examples \REF{ex:det:108}, \REF{ex:det:109}, and \REF{ex:det:110}.
A: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
B: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
C: word: min	 gloss: 3DU
D: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 102:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na anma ___
Gloss (with missing item): talk good ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`That’s good talk.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Demonstrative words may also be used, to similar effect, as determiners modifying the word na ‘talk’, as in examples \REF{ex:det:108}, \REF{ex:det:109}, and \REF{ex:det:110}.
A: word: anda=p	 gloss: SG.DIST=be
B: word: anda	 gloss: SG.DIST
C: word: ita-na	 gloss: build-IRR
D: word: anda=u	 gloss: SG.DIST=from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 103:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): inom ___ anganika ngan=ul i
Gloss (with missing item): mother ___ after 1DU.EXCL=with go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Later, the mother came with the two of us.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, when a referent has been introduced, a speaker can refer again to this referent with a \isi{deictic} word. In the text from which examples \REF{ex:det:111} and \REF{ex:det:112} are taken, the speaker introduces a subject with the \isi{subject marker} the morpheme ___ ‘3\textsc{sg.subj’} \REF{ex:det:111}, but shortly thereafter refers again to the same referent with the \isi{demonstrative} word nga ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) \REF{ex:det:112}.
A: word: mbï	 gloss: here
B: word: mini=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig=PFV
C: word: mï	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ
D: word: mïka	 gloss: tree.species
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 104:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): inom ___ na=n ma=kï-ta
Gloss (with missing item): mother ___ talk=OBL 3SG.OBJ=say-COND
The English translation of this sentence is:`If this mother tells him …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, when a referent has been introduced, a speaker can refer again to this referent with a \isi{deictic} word. In the text from which examples \REF{ex:det:111} and \REF{ex:det:112} are taken, the speaker introduces a subject with the \isi{subject marker} mï ‘3\textsc{sg.subj’} \REF{ex:det:111}, but shortly thereafter refers again to the same referent with the \isi{demonstrative} word the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) \REF{ex:det:112}.
A: word: ndï=wat-lï-p	 gloss: 3PL=atop-put-PFV
B: word: nga	 gloss: SG.PROX
C: word: nga=p-ta	 gloss: SG.PROX=be{-cond}
D: word: nga=p	 gloss: SG.PROX=be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 105:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): inom ___ anganika ngan=ul i
Gloss (with missing item): mother ___ after 1DU.EXCL=with go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Later, the mother came with the two of us.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Similarly, when a referent has been introduced, a speaker can refer again to this referent with a \isi{deictic} word. In the text from which examples \REF{ex:det:111} and \REF{ex:det:112} are taken, the speaker introduces a subject with the \isi{subject marker} the morpheme ___ ‘3\textsc{sg.subj’} \REF{ex:det:111}, but shortly thereafter refers again to the same referent with the \isi{demonstrative} word nga ‘\textsc{sg.prox}’ (‘this’) \REF{ex:det:112}.
A: word: ndï=la-nda	 gloss: 3PL=eat{-irr}
B: word: mï	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ
C: word: mïka	 gloss: tree.species
D: word: ndï	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B