cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 142:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï unan=n wat u apïn ___ anda=tï-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL 1PL.INCL=OBL atop from fire ___ SG.DIST=take-PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`And once they have gotten the full fire from above us …’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The word the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can function as an \isi{adjective}, meaning ‘whole’, ‘entire’, or ‘full’. Like its gloss ___ \isi{adjective}s, its canonical position is immediately following the noun that it modifies (\sectref{sec:5.1}). If there is a \isi{subject marker}, \isi{object marker}, or other \isi{determiner} present, then the \isi{adjective} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ precedes this word. In this usage, it has a \isi{singular} (as opposed to \isi{plural}) meaning -- that is, it means something like ‘its gloss ___ of something’ or ‘the whole’. Accordingly, as in examples \REF{ex:det:162}, \REF{ex:det:163}, and \REF{ex:det:164}, NPs containing the \isi{attributive adjective} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ are followed by \isi{singular} determiners (e.g., the \isi{subject marker} mï ‘3\textsc{sg.subj}’ or the \isi{demonstrative} \isi{object marker} anda= ‘\textsc{sg.dist’).}
A: word: keka	 gloss: completely
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: wopa	 gloss: all
D: word: min=atï	 gloss: 3DU=hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 143:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ndï nga=ma-na
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL SG.PROX=go-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`The whole [ones] will go here.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Like its gloss ___ \isi{adjective}s, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ may also function as a substantive (\sectref{sec:5.3}). In example \REF{ex:det:165}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is followed by the \isi{plural} \isi{subject marker} ndï `3\textsc{pl}’, because it is referring to multiple whole things (in this sentence, fish).
A: word: keka	 gloss: completely
B: word: wopa	 gloss: all
C: word: ndï=nïkï-p	 gloss: 3PL=dig-PFV
D: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 144:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): im ndï ___ li-u
Gloss (with missing item): tree 3PL ___ down-put
The English translation of this sentence is:`All the trees fell.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y distinct \isi{quantifier}, however, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ refers to its gloss ___ members of a group or set of things. Thus it fills the function of a \is{universal quantifier} \isi{collective universal quantifier}. Instead of preceding the \isi{subject marker} (or subject \isi{pronoun}), the \isi{quantifier} follows it. If the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can be analyzed as belonging to the NP, then it is the only NP-internal element its gloss ___owed to follow a \isi{subject marker} (or \isi{object marker}); however, it may be better to analyze the \isi{quantifier} as sitting \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y outside the NP. In sentences \REF{ex:det:166}, \REF{ex:det:167}, and \REF{ex:det:168}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ follows the \isi{plural} \isi{subject marker} ndï `3\textsc{pl}’.
A: word: wopa	 gloss: all
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: keka	 gloss: completely
D: word: min=lo-p	 gloss: 3DU=cut-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 145:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): utam ndï ___ tembi=p
Gloss (with missing item): yam 3PL ___ bad=COP
The English translation of this sentence is:`All the yams are rotten.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y distinct \isi{quantifier}, however, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ refers to its gloss ___ members of a group or set of things. Thus it fills the function of a \is{universal quantifier} \isi{collective universal quantifier}. Instead of preceding the \isi{subject marker} (or subject \isi{pronoun}), the \isi{quantifier} follows it. If the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can be analyzed as belonging to the NP, then it is the only NP-internal element its gloss ___owed to follow a \isi{subject marker} (or \isi{object marker}); however, it may be better to analyze the \isi{quantifier} as sitting \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y outside the NP. In sentences \REF{ex:det:166}, \REF{ex:det:167}, and \REF{ex:det:168}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ follows the \isi{plural} \isi{subject marker} ndï `3\textsc{pl}’.
A: word: nga-nji	 gloss: SG.PROX-POSS
B: word: keka	 gloss: completely
C: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
D: word: wopa	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 146:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nji ndï ___ ma=in p-e
Gloss (with missing item): thing 3PL ___ 3SG.OBJ=in be{-ipfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`All [his] possessions are in it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y distinct \isi{quantifier}, however, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ refers to its gloss ___ members of a group or set of things. Thus it fills the function of a \is{universal quantifier} \isi{collective universal quantifier}. Instead of preceding the \isi{subject marker} (or subject \isi{pronoun}), the \isi{quantifier} follows it. If the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can be analyzed as belonging to the NP, then it is the only NP-internal element its gloss ___owed to follow a \isi{subject marker} (or \isi{object marker}); however, it may be better to analyze the \isi{quantifier} as sitting \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y outside the NP. In sentences \REF{ex:det:166}, \REF{ex:det:167}, and \REF{ex:det:168}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ follows the \isi{plural} \isi{subject marker} ndï `3\textsc{pl}’.
A: word: tïngïn	 gloss: many
B: word: keka	 gloss: completely
C: word: wopa	 gloss: all
D: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 147:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan ___ ma=p
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL ___ 3SG.OBJ=be
The English translation of this sentence is:`We all stay there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{ex:det:169}, \REF{ex:det:170}, and \REF{ex:det:171} illustrate that the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can appear after \isi{pronoun}s as well as after \isi{subject marker}s. Such \isi{pronoun}s are always \isi{plural}.
A: word: anda=lumo-p-ta	 gloss: SG.DIST=put-PFV-COND
B: word: keka	 gloss: completely
C: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
D: word: wopa	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 148:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ___ wombïn=n ni-e
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ work=OBL act-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:(a) ‘They are all working.’\\’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{ex:det:169}, \REF{ex:det:170}, and \REF{ex:det:171} illustrate that the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can appear after \isi{pronoun}s as well as after \isi{subject marker}s. Such \isi{pronoun}s are always \isi{plural}.
A: word: ma-nji	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ-POSS
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: wopa	 gloss: all
D: word: keka	 gloss: completely
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 149:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï-ambi ___ an=ala mbï-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL-TOP ___ 1PL.EXCL=for here-be
The English translation of this sentence is:`As for them, they all stayed for our sake.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples \REF{ex:det:169}, \REF{ex:det:170}, and \REF{ex:det:171} illustrate that the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ can appear after \isi{pronoun}s as well as after \isi{subject marker}s. Such \isi{pronoun}s are always \isi{plural}.
A: word: wopa	 gloss: all
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: ma=lo-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=cut-PFV
D: word: keka	 gloss: completely
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 150:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ndï ___ wandam i
Gloss (with missing item): person 3PL ___ jungle go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`All the people went to the jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a \isi{quantifier}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ has a rigid post-NP position. Attempts to raise the \isi{quantifier} overtly to a position within the NP (that is, between the noun and \isi{subject marker}) result in an \is{adjective} adjectival interpretation of the word (that is, ‘whole’, ‘full’, ‘complete’, etc.), as shown in \REF{ex:det:172} and \REF{ex:det:173}.
A: word: wopa	 gloss: all
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: dorothy	 gloss: [name]
D: word: keka	 gloss: completely
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 151:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ___ ndï wandam i
Gloss (with missing item): person ___ 3PL jungle go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The whole people went to the jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a \isi{quantifier}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ has a rigid post-NP position. Attempts to raise the \isi{quantifier} overtly to a position within the NP (that is, between the noun and \isi{subject marker}) result in an \is{adjective} adjectival interpretation of the word (that is, ‘whole’, ‘full’, ‘complete’, etc.), as shown in \REF{ex:det:172} and \REF{ex:det:173}.
A: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
B: word: nungol	 gloss: child
C: word: wopa	 gloss: all
D: word: keka	 gloss: completely
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 152:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ndï ___ ango wandam i
Gloss (with missing item): person 3PL ___ NEG jungle go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`All the people did not go to the jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ must always follow the entire NP (including the \isi{subject marker}), in \isi{negative} clauses it may either precede \REF{ex:det:174} or follow \REF{ex:det:175} the \isi{negative} marker ango ‘\textsc{neg}’. The fact that it may follow the \isi{negator} is further indication that it does not properly belong within the NP \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y, since the \isi{negator} word does not belong \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y to the NP.
A: word: keka	 gloss: completely
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: ma=mop-lï-p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=tie-put-PFV
D: word: wopa	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 153:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ndï ango ___ wandam i
Gloss (with missing item): person 3PL NEG ___ jungle go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`All the people did not go to the jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ must always follow the entire NP (including the \isi{subject marker}), in \isi{negative} clauses it may either precede \REF{ex:det:174} or follow \REF{ex:det:175} the \isi{negative} marker ango ‘\textsc{neg}’. The fact that it may follow the \isi{negator} is further indication that it does not properly belong within the NP \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y, since the \isi{negator} word does not belong \isi{syntactic}its gloss ___y to the NP.
A: word: un=ul	 gloss: 2PL=with
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: wopa	 gloss: all
D: word: keka	 gloss: completely
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 154:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ndï ___ ango wandam i
Gloss (with missing item): person 3PL ___ NEG jungle go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`All the people did not go to the jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:det:174} and \REF{ex:det:175} have the same meaning. Indeed, the scopal relationship between the \isi{negator} and the \isi{quantifier} is also the same -- and, in both cases, ambivalent. That is, either may have \isi{scope} over the other, producing either the possible interpretation that ‘not its gloss ___ (i.e., some) people went to the jungle’ or the other possible interpretation that ‘no people went to the jungle’. In example \REF{ex:det:176}, only context reveals that ango the morpheme ___ ‘not its gloss ___’ implies ‘no one’ as opposed to implying ‘some’.
A: word: keka	 gloss: completely
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: wopa	 gloss: all
D: word: ala	 gloss: PL.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 155:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ankam ndï ango ___ wandam i
Gloss (with missing item): person 3PL NEG ___ jungle go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`All the people did not go to the jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:det:174} and \REF{ex:det:175} have the same meaning. Indeed, the scopal relationship between the \isi{negator} and the \isi{quantifier} is also the same -- and, in both cases, ambivalent. That is, either may have \isi{scope} over the other, producing either the possible interpretation that ‘not its gloss ___ (i.e., some) people went to the jungle’ or the other possible interpretation that ‘no people went to the jungle’. In example \REF{ex:det:176}, only context reveals that ango the morpheme ___ ‘not its gloss ___’ implies ‘no one’ as opposed to implying ‘some’.
A: word: nga=asa	 gloss: SG.PROX=hit
B: word: keka	 gloss: completely
C: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
D: word: wopa	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 156:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ___ wopa ma=ul lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ all 3SG.OBJ=with go-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`They all did not go with him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:det:174} and \REF{ex:det:175} have the same meaning. Indeed, the scopal relationship between the \isi{negator} and the \isi{quantifier} is also the same -- and, in both cases, ambivalent. That is, either may have \isi{scope} over the other, producing either the possible interpretation that ‘not all (i.e., some) people went to the jungle’ or the other possible interpretation that ‘no people went to the jungle’. In example \REF{ex:det:176}, only context reveals that the morpheme ___ wopa ‘not all’ implies ‘no one’ as opposed to implying ‘some’.
A: word: (ko)	 gloss: (NEG)
B: word: ngin=tï	 gloss: DU.PROX=take
C: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
D: word: angos	 gloss: what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 157:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ango ___ ma=ul lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL NEG ___ 3SG.OBJ=with go-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`They all did not go with him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:det:174} and \REF{ex:det:175} have the same meaning. Indeed, the scopal relationship between the \isi{negator} and the \isi{quantifier} is also the same -- and, in both cases, ambivalent. That is, either may have \isi{scope} over the other, producing either the possible interpretation that ‘not its gloss ___ (i.e., some) people went to the jungle’ or the other possible interpretation that ‘no people went to the jungle’. In example \REF{ex:det:176}, only context reveals that ango the morpheme ___ ‘not its gloss ___’ implies ‘no one’ as opposed to implying ‘some’.
A: word: keka	 gloss: completely
B: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
C: word: wopa	 gloss: all
D: word: mini=nïkï-e	 gloss: 3DU.OBJ=dig-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 158:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nji ndï ___ li-u
Gloss (with missing item): thing 3PL ___ down-put
The English translation of this sentence is:`Everything fell.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: At times, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ may alternatively be translated as ‘everything’ or ‘everyone’. In these instances, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ also follows \isi{subject marker}s or \isi{pronoun}s (as when the word functions elsewhere as a \isi{quantifier}), as in \REF{ex:det:177} and \REF{ex:det:178}.
A: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
B: word: kwa	 gloss: one
C: word: wopa	 gloss: all
D: word: keka	 gloss: completely
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C