cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mïnal o mil ___ utam o nongontam mï keka ndï=n u-p
Gloss (with missing item): taro or sugarcane ___ yam or kaukau 3SG.SUBJ completely 3PL=OBL put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[Whether it be] taro or sugarcane or yam or kaukau [= sweet potato], he planted them all.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This \ili{Tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___k Pisin} \isi{lthe mits gloss ___pheme ___anwthe mits gloss ___pheme ___rd} the mits gloss ___pheme ___ ‘the mits gloss ___pheme ___r’ is used nthe mits gloss ___pheme ___t the mits gloss ___pheme ___nly tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___nnect clauses, but alsthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___nnect elements within \isi{phrase}s, as in \REF{ex:cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___mplex:31}, \REF{ex:cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___mplex:32}, and \REF{ex:cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___mplex:33}.
A: word: ma=i	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV
B: word: mbï-p-e	 gloss: here-be-DEP
C: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
D: word: o	 gloss: or
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mïnal o mil o utam ___ nongontam mï keka ndï=n u-p
Gloss (with missing item): taro or sugarcane or yam ___ kaukau 3SG.SUBJ completely 3PL=OBL put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[Whether it be] taro or sugarcane or yam or kaukau [= sweet potato], he planted them all.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This \ili{Tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___k Pisin} \isi{lthe mits gloss ___pheme ___anwthe mits gloss ___pheme ___rd} the mits gloss ___pheme ___ ‘the mits gloss ___pheme ___r’ is used nthe mits gloss ___pheme ___t the mits gloss ___pheme ___nly tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___nnect clauses, but alsthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ tthe mits gloss ___pheme ___ cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___nnect elements within \isi{phrase}s, as in \REF{ex:cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___mplex:31}, \REF{ex:cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___mplex:32}, and \REF{ex:cthe mits gloss ___pheme ___mplex:33}.
A: word: wopata	 gloss: [place]
B: word: kekaka	 gloss: one.each
C: word: o	 gloss: or
D: word: ma=ala	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=for
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Bopten ___ Yar ngusuwa ndï wome ma=tï ndï=na-n-e
Gloss (with missing item): [place] ___ [place] poor 3PL middle 3PL=take 3PL=give-PFV-DEP
The English translation of this sentence is:`The poor [people from] Bopten and Yar gave them the middle [piece of land between Bopten and Yar villages].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{loanword} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is also used in discourse to coordithe morpheme ___te elements, whether words within a \isi{phrase} \REF{ex:complex:34}, \isi{phrase}s within a clause, or clauses within a sentence \REF{ex:complex:35}.
A: word: kuma-nji	 gloss: some{-poss}
B: word: na-wow-e	 gloss: DETR-sleep.IPFV{-dep}
C: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
D: word: na	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tïkli-ka ___ an-mbï-i
Gloss (with missing item): turn-let ___ out-here-go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] turned and came out.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \ili{Tok Pisin} \isi{loanword} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is also used in discourse to coordithe morpheme ___te elements, whether words within a \isi{phrase} \REF{ex:complex:34}, \isi{phrase}s within a clause, or clauses within a sentence \REF{ex:complex:35}.
A: word: na-i-e	 gloss: DETR-go.PFV-DEP
B: word: anda=ita-na	 gloss: SG.DIST=build-IRR
C: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
D: word: na	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 61:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nicko ___ Danny min nï=iya i
Gloss (with missing item): [name] ___ [name] 3DU 1SG=toward go.PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nicko and Danny came to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some speakers use the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in certain coordinate structures. This seems more frequent among younger speakers its gloss ___ is perhaps a recent innovation. It bears a superficial resemblance to \ili{Tok Pisin} na ‘its gloss ___’, but could instead be derived from the \isi{object the morpheme ___rker} the morpheme ___= ‘\textsc{3sg.obj}’ or the \isi{subject the morpheme ___rker} mï ‘\textsc{3sg.subj}’.\footnote{This \isi{coordinator} is sometimes pronounced in a seemingly reduced way as [mï].} Regardless of its origins, as a connector within \isi{noun phrase}s, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is limited in its usage, appearing almost exclusively after proper names, as in sentences \REF{ex:complex:36} through \REF{ex:complex:39}.
A: word: nï=nambït-wana	 gloss: 1SG=odor-feel
B: word: wutï	 gloss: leg
C: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
D: word: ma	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 62:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nambul ___ Wangasa min ma=wat p-e ambin=asa-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] ___ [name] 3DU 3SG.OBJ=atop be{-dep} DU.REFL=hit-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nambul and Wangasa fought over it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some speakers use the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in certain coordinate structures. This seems more frequent among younger speakers its gloss ___ is perhaps a recent innovation. It bears a superficial resemblance to \ili{Tok Pisin} na ‘its gloss ___’, but could instead be derived from the \isi{object the morpheme ___rker} the morpheme ___= ‘\textsc{3sg.obj}’ or the \isi{subject the morpheme ___rker} mï ‘\textsc{3sg.subj}’.\footnote{This \isi{coordinator} is sometimes pronounced in a seemingly reduced way as [mï].} Regardless of its origins, as a connector within \isi{noun phrase}s, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is limited in its usage, appearing almost exclusively after proper names, as in sentences \REF{ex:complex:36} through \REF{ex:complex:39}.
A: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
B: word: ma	 gloss: and
C: word: imbam-ka	 gloss: run-let
D: word: na-wow	 gloss: DETR-sleep.IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 63:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lïmndï Ambayam ___ Josephine ma Susan ndï=ala
Gloss (with missing item): eye [name] ___ [name] and [name] 3PL=see
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] saw Ambayam, Josephine, and Susan.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The connector the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ the morpheme ___y be used to connect more than two \isi{proper noun} NPs, as in \REF{ex:complex:40}.
A: word: ndï=ta-n-e	 gloss: 3PL=say-IPFV-DEP
B: word: ngata=p-e	 gloss: grand=COP{-dep}
C: word: ma	 gloss: and
D: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 64:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lïmndï Ambayam ma Josephine ___ Susan ndï=ala
Gloss (with missing item): eye [name] and [name] ___ [name] 3PL=see
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] saw Ambayam, Josephine, and Susan.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The connector the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ the morpheme ___y be used to connect more than two \isi{proper noun} NPs, as in \REF{ex:complex:40}.
A: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
B: word: ali-nda	 gloss: scrape-IRR
C: word: ma	 gloss: and
D: word: mïnoma=p-ta	 gloss: cold=COP-COND
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 65:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Donna ___ ndï ma=lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): [name] ___ 3PL 3SG.OBJ=go-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Donna and they went there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a connector of NPs, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ the morpheme ___y follow a \isi{proper noun} even when the other NP is a \isi{pronoun} \REF{ex:complex:41}.
A: word: an-mbï-u	 gloss: out-here-from
B: word: wow-en	 gloss: sleep.IPFV{-nmlz]}
C: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
D: word: ma	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 66:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ay nïkï-p ___ ndï=moko-ta ndï=na-ta ma-na
Gloss (with missing item): sago dig-PFV ___ 3PL=take{-cond} 3PL=give-COND go-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] have made sago and will go and give them [= servings of sago] to them.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a clausal \isi{coordinator}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ the morpheme ___y even be derived from the morpheme ___ ‘go’, perhaps \isi{calque}d from \ili{Tok Pisin} uses of go ‘go’ as a discourse connector. Sentence \REF{ex:complex:42} suggests the ambiguity of the form [the morpheme ___], which as a connector here could mean either ‘go’ or ‘its gloss ___’.
A: word: ma	 gloss: and
B: word: ama-e	 gloss: eat-IPFV
C: word: ma=i	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=go.PFV
D: word: isi=n	 gloss: soup=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 67:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yanat mï tembi=p-e nongan-u-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ daughter 3SG.SUBJ bad=COP{-dep} vomit-put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`My daughter vomited because she was sick.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:complex:43} through \REF{ex:complex:48} contain \isi{dependent clause}s that bear causal relations to their respective \isi{independent clause}s.
A: word: u-nji	 gloss: 2SG-POSS
B: word: ndï-nji	 gloss: 3PL-POSS
C: word: nï-nji	 gloss: 1SG-POSS
D: word: mbï-p-e	 gloss: here-be-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 68:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji ___ mï tembi=p-e nongan-u-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS ___ 3SG.SUBJ bad=COP{-dep} vomit-put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`My daughter vomited because she was sick.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:complex:43} through \REF{ex:complex:48} contain \isi{dependent clause}s that bear causal relations to their respective \isi{independent clause}s.
A: word: yanat	 gloss: daughter
B: word: njukuta	 gloss: small
C: word: alum	 gloss: child
D: word: yana	 gloss: woman
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 69:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji yanat ___ tembi=p-e nongan-u-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS daughter ___ bad=COP{-dep} vomit-put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`My daughter vomited because she was sick.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:complex:43} through \REF{ex:complex:48} contain \isi{dependent clause}s that bear causal relations to their respective \isi{independent clause}s.
A: word: ma=tï-n-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=take-PFV-DEP
B: word: mïka	 gloss: tree.species
C: word: mï	 gloss: 3SG.SUBJ
D: word: lungum	 gloss: long.spear
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 70:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nï-nji yanat mï ___ nongan-u-p
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG-POSS daughter 3SG.SUBJ ___ vomit-put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`My daughter vomited because she was sick.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:complex:43} through \REF{ex:complex:48} contain \isi{dependent clause}s that bear causal relations to their respective \isi{independent clause}s.
A: word: anma=p-e	 gloss: good=COP{-dep]}
B: word: ma=lï-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=put{-pfv-dep}
C: word: tembi=p-ta	 gloss: bad=COP-COND
D: word: tembi=p-e	 gloss: bad=COP{-dep}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 71:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ulwa=p-e nï wa aw nga=n wa akïnaka la-nda ma-n
Gloss (with missing item): ___ nothing=COP-DEP 1SG just betel.nut SG.PROX=OBL just new eat-IRR go-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Since there’s no daka [= betel pepper], I’m just going to chew this betel nut fresh.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:complex:43} through \REF{ex:complex:48} contain \isi{dependent clause}s that bear causal relations to their respective \isi{independent clause}s.
A: word: mukamba	 gloss: [name]
B: word: wanmbi	 gloss: daka
C: word: wonmbi	 gloss: tusk
D: word: nongontam	 gloss: kaukau
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 72:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wanmbi ___ nï wa aw nga=n wa akïnaka la-nda ma-n
Gloss (with missing item): daka ___ 1SG just betel.nut SG.PROX=OBL just new eat-IRR go-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Since there’s no daka [= betel pepper], I’m just going to chew this betel nut fresh.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentences \REF{ex:complex:43} through \REF{ex:complex:48} contain \isi{dependent clause}s that bear causal relations to their respective \isi{independent clause}s.
A: word: ulwa=p-en	 gloss: nothing=COP{-nmlz}
B: word: u=iya	 gloss: 2SG=toward
C: word: ulwa=p-e	 gloss: nothing=COP-DEP
D: word: anjikaka=p-e	 gloss: how=COP-DEP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 73:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): unan-nji ngata ala-nji luwa ___ maka apa anda=ita-na
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.INCL-POSS grand PL.DIST-POSS place ___ thus house SG.DIST=build-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`Since those were our ancestors’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Instead of the \isi{dependent marker} -e ‘\textsc{dep}’, the \isi{conditional} \isi{suffix} -ta ‘\textsc{cond}’ (\sectref{sec:4.12}, \sectref{sec:13.5}) may be affixed to the \isi{final verb} in a \isi{dependent clause}, providing a similar causal function as the \isi{dependent marker} -e ‘\textsc{dep}’ \REF{ex:complex:49}.
A: word: min	 gloss: 3DU
B: word: ala=wap-ta	 gloss: PL.DIST=be.PST-COND
C: word: ma=wap-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be.PST-DEP
D: word: ala=ul	 gloss: PL.DIST=with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 74:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ndï=lï kuma=tï i-n-e kuma wa mïnwata wandam lï-p
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL=put some=take come-PFV-DEP some just rotting jungle put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Although they have brought some of them [home], [they] have left others just rotting in the jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In sentences \REF{ex:complex:50} and \REF{ex:complex:51}, the \isi{dependent clause}s bear a \isi{concessive} relation to their associated \isi{independent clause}s.
A: word: ndï=la-nda	 gloss: 3PL=eat{-irr}
B: word: ndï	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: (ndï)	 gloss: (3PL)
D: word: plas	 gloss: [name]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 75:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï ___ kuma=tï i-n-e kuma wa mïnwata wandam lï-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ some=take come-PFV-DEP some just rotting jungle put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Although they have brought some of them [home], [they] have left others just rotting in the jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In sentences \REF{ex:complex:50} and \REF{ex:complex:51}, the \isi{dependent clause}s bear a \isi{concessive} relation to their associated \isi{independent clause}s.
A: word: ndï=lï-p-ïp-e	 gloss: 3PL=put-PFV-PFV-DEP
B: word: ndï=ta	 gloss: 3PL=say
C: word: ndï=lï	 gloss: 3PL=put
D: word: njukuta=p-e	 gloss: small=COP{-dep}
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C