cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 99:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tembi nji ngala apa=n ___ mbï-lï-p
Gloss (with missing item): bad thing PL.PROX house=OBL ___ here-put-PFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`These bad things [= flies] have put [their] house [i.e., nest] here to their disadvantage.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The use of the \isi{enclitic} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’ to encode \isi{possessor}s is discussed in \sectref{sec:9.1.5}.\footnote{Cf. the \isi{dative} of \isi{possession} in classical \ili{Latin}.} For the role of the \isi{enclitic} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’ in marking \isi{agent}s in \isi{passive} constructions, see \sectref{sec:13.7}.\footnote{Cf. the \isi{dative} of the \isi{agent} in ancient \ili{Greek}.} In examples \REF{ex:clause:79}, \REF{ex:clause:80}, and \REF{ex:clause:81}, the \isi{oblique marker} indicates \isi{disadvantage}.\footnote{Cf. the \isi{dative} of \isi{disadvantage} in \ili{Latin}, \ili{Greek}, \ili{German}, etc.}
A: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
B: word: ndï=na-nda	 gloss: 3PL=give-IRR
C: word: ndï=moko-p	 gloss: 3PL=take{-pfv}
D: word: un=ïn	 gloss: 2PL=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 100:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï mokum ___ wandam p-e ndï=ama
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL stealth ___ jungle be{-dep} 3PL=eat
The English translation of this sentence is:`They are stealthily in [our] jungles, eating them [= our crops]!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The use of the \isi{enclitic} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’ to encode \isi{possessor}s is discussed in \sectref{sec:9.1.5}.\footnote{Cf. the \isi{dative} of \isi{possession} in classical \ili{Latin}.} For the role of the \isi{enclitic} =n ‘\textsc{obl}’ in marking \isi{agent}s in \isi{passive} constructions, see \sectref{sec:13.7}.\footnote{Cf. the \isi{dative} of the \isi{agent} in ancient \ili{Greek}.} In examples \REF{ex:clause:79}, \REF{ex:clause:80}, and \REF{ex:clause:81}, the \isi{oblique marker} indicates \isi{disadvantage}.\footnote{Cf. the \isi{dative} of \isi{disadvantage} in \ili{Latin}, \ili{Greek}, \ili{German}, etc.}
A: word: un=ïn	 gloss: 2PL=OBL
B: word: an=ïn	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=OBL
C: word: an=ul	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=with
D: word: unan=asa	 gloss: 1PL.INCL=hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 101:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ndï mokum ___ wandam p-e ndï=ama
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL stealth ___ jungle be{-dep} 3PL=eat
The English translation of this sentence is:`They are stealthily in [our] jungles, eating them [= our crops]!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes, as in example \REF{ex:clause:81}, it is not clear whether the \isi{oblique marker} is encoding a \isi{possessor} or the experiencer of some \isi{disadvantage}. In \REF{ex:clause:82}, the oblique-marked NP indicating \isi{disadvantage} stands in its own \isi{embedded clause}, taking as its \isi{predicate} the \isi{locative verb} p- ‘be’.
A: word: an=ïn	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=OBL
B: word: un=ïn	 gloss: 2PL=OBL
C: word: an=ul	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=with
D: word: ndï=n	 gloss: 3PL=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 102:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ala ___ p-e ndï=wali-e
Gloss (with missing item): PL.DIST ___ be{-dep} 3PL=hit-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`People were killing them [= our dogs], while we were there suffering for it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes, as in example \REF{ex:clause:81}, it is not clear whether the \isi{oblique marker} is encoding a \isi{possessor} or the experiencer of some \isi{disadvantage}. In \REF{ex:clause:82}, the oblique-marked NP indicating \isi{disadvantage} stands in its own \isi{embedded clause}, taking as its \isi{predicate} the \isi{locative verb} p- ‘be’.
A: word: an=ul	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=with
B: word: an=ïn	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL=OBL
C: word: unan=asa	 gloss: 1PL.INCL=hit
D: word: un=ïn	 gloss: 2PL=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 103:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nïpokonam=p-ta ___ ma=p-na
Gloss (with missing item): hard=COP{-cond} ___ 3SG.OBJ=be-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`If [the soil] is hard, [it] will be no good for you.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:clause:83}, the \isi{dative} of \isi{disadvantage} usage of the \isi{oblique marker} has an almost predicative sense.
A: word: u=n	 gloss: 2SG=OBL
B: word: nï=n	 gloss: 1SG=OBL
C: word: ango	 gloss: NEG
D: word: u=na-nda	 gloss: 2SG=give-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 104:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï ___ wandam ma=u lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ ___ jungle 3SG.OBJ=from go{-pfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yesterday, he went around in jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Other non-core elements (namely, \isi{adverb}s and \isi{adpositional phrase}s) also typically occur between subjects and objects. For examples of this SXOV \isi{word order}, see \sectref{sec:8.1} (on \isi{postposition}s) and \sectref{sec:8.2} (on \isi{adverb}s). When a clause contains both an \isi{adverb} and an \isi{adpositional phrase}, the \isi{adverb} typically precedes the \isi{adpositional phrase}, as in \REF{ex:clause:84}.
A: word: awal	 gloss: yesterday
B: word: ma=na-ta	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=give-COND
C: word: umbe	 gloss: tomorrow
D: word: anda-awa	 gloss: SG.DIST-INT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 105:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï awal ___ ma=u lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ yesterday ___ 3SG.OBJ=from go{-pfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yesterday, he went around in jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Other non-core elements (namely, \isi{adverb}s and \isi{adpositional phrase}s) also typically occur between subjects and objects. For examples of this SXOV \isi{word order}, see \sectref{sec:8.1} (on \isi{postposition}s) and \sectref{sec:8.2} (on \isi{adverb}s). When a clause contains both an \isi{adverb} and an \isi{adpositional phrase}, the \isi{adverb} typically precedes the \isi{adpositional phrase}, as in \REF{ex:clause:84}.
A: word: wandam-p-e	 gloss: jungle=COP-DEP
B: word: wandam	 gloss: jungle
C: word: lï-p	 gloss: put-PFV
D: word: u=ta-na	 gloss: 2SG=say-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 106:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mï awal wandam ___ lo-p
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SUBJ yesterday jungle ___ go{-pfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`Yesterday, he went around in jungle.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Other non-core elements (namely, \isi{adverb}s and \isi{adpositional phrase}s) also typically occur between subjects and objects. For examples of this SXOV \isi{word order}, see \sectref{sec:8.1} (on \isi{postposition}s) and \sectref{sec:8.2} (on \isi{adverb}s). When a clause contains both an \isi{adverb} and an \isi{adpositional phrase}, the \isi{adverb} typically precedes the \isi{adpositional phrase}, as in \REF{ex:clause:84}.
A: word: ma=u-p-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=put-PFV-DEP
B: word: uni-p-e	 gloss: shout-PFV-DEP
C: word: ma=u	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=from
D: word: ma=in	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=in
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 107:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): un ___ ma=n u maka wombïn nga=moko-p
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL ___ 3SG.OBJ=OBL from thus work SG.PROX=take{-pfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`You recently got this work from him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible for several obliques to occur in succession, as in \REF{ex:clause:85}, which contains a \isi{temporal adverb}, an oblique-marked NP, a \isi{postposition}, and a \isi{modal adverb}.
A: word: amun	 gloss: now
B: word: ndï=si	 gloss: 3PL=push
C: word: amun=p-e	 gloss: now=COP-DEP
D: word: mbï	 gloss: here
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 108:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): un amun ___ u maka wombïn nga=moko-p
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL now ___ from thus work SG.PROX=take{-pfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`You recently got this work from him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible for several obliques to occur in succession, as in \REF{ex:clause:85}, which contains a \isi{temporal adverb}, an oblique-marked NP, a \isi{postposition}, and a \isi{modal adverb}.
A: word: ma=p	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=be
B: word: ma=na-na	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=give-PFV
C: word: ma=n	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=OBL
D: word: ndï=na-n	 gloss: 3PL=give-PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 109:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): un amun ma=n ___ maka wombïn nga=moko-p
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL now 3SG.OBJ=OBL ___ thus work SG.PROX=take{-pfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`You recently got this work from him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible for several obliqthe morpheme ___es to occthe morpheme ___r in sthe morpheme ___ccession, as in \REF{ex:clathe morpheme ___se:85}, which contains a \isi{temporal adverb}, an obliqthe morpheme ___e-marked NP, a \isi{postposition}, and a \isi{modal adverb}.
A: word: angani-ka-en	 gloss: behind-let-NMLZ
B: word: tumbuna	 gloss: grandparent
C: word: ma=si	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=push
D: word: u	 gloss: from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 110:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): un amun ma=n u ___ wombïn nga=moko-p
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL now 3SG.OBJ=OBL from ___ work SG.PROX=take{-pfv}
The English translation of this sentence is:`You recently got this work from him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible for several obliques to occur in succession, as in \REF{ex:clause:85}, which contains a \isi{temporal adverb}, an oblique-marked NP, a \isi{postposition}, and a \isi{modal adverb}.
A: word: ndï	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: maka=p-e	 gloss: thus=be{-dep}
C: word: mbï-ka	 gloss: here-thus
D: word: maka	 gloss: thus
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 111:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ unan=asa
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1PL.INCL=hit
The English translation of this sentence is:`We’re hungry.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While Ulwa generally maintains a fairly rigid and unified distinction between S/A arguments and P arguments, there is one known construction that exhibits an unusual argument structure. In expressions of experiencing its gloss ___, the \isi{experiencer} role is not the grammatical subject but is rather the object of the verb, whereas ‘its gloss ___’ itself is the grammatical subject. In other words, there is a special \isi{case frame} for expressing the experience of its gloss ___, which takes the form of ‘its gloss ___ hits someone’ (as opposed to, say, ‘someone is hungry’ or ‘someone has its gloss ___’). This is illustrated by examples \REF{ex:clause:86}, \REF{ex:clause:87}, and \REF{ex:clause:88}.\footnote{It should be noted that the form the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ also means ‘food’ or ‘animal’.}
A: word: ma=na-n-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=give-PFV-DEP
B: word: mundu	 gloss: hunger
C: word: nga=ama-p	 gloss: SG.PROX=eat-PFV
D: word: mundu=n	 gloss: food=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mundu ___
Gloss (with missing item): hunger ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We’re hungry.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While Ulwa generally maintains a fairly rigid and unified distinction between S/A arguments and P arguments, there is one known construction that exhibits an unusual argument structure. In expressions of experiencing hunger, the \isi{experiencer} role is not the grammatical subject but is rather the object of the verb, whereas ‘hunger’ itself is the grammatical subject. In other words, there is a special \isi{case frame} for expressing the experience of hunger, which takes the form of ‘hunger hits someone’ (as opposed to, say, ‘someone is hungry’ or ‘someone has hunger’). This is illustrated by examples \REF{ex:clause:86}, \REF{ex:clause:87}, and \REF{ex:clause:88}.\footnote{It should be noted that the form mundu ‘hunger’ also means ‘food’ or ‘animal’.}
A: word: ndï=asa-p-e	 gloss: 3PL=hit-PFV-DEP
B: word: unan=asa	 gloss: 1PL.INCL=hit
C: word: unan=a-e	 gloss: 1PL.INCL-break-IPFV
D: word: unan=wali-nda	 gloss: 1PL.INCL=hit-IRR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an mbï-lo-p wo-p ___ an-asa-e
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL here-go-PFV sleep-PFV ___ 1PL.EXCL-hit-IPFV
The English translation of this sentence is:`We came here, spent the night, and we were hungry.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While Ulwa generally maintains a fairly rigid and unified distinction between S/A arguments and P arguments, there is one known construction that exhibits an unusual argument structure. In expressions of experiencing its gloss ___, the \isi{experiencer} role is not the grammatical subject but is rather the object of the verb, whereas ‘its gloss ___’ itself is the grammatical subject. In other words, there is a special \isi{case frame} for expressing the experience of its gloss ___, which takes the form of ‘its gloss ___ hits someone’ (as opposed to, say, ‘someone is hungry’ or ‘someone has its gloss ___’). This is illustrated by examples \REF{ex:clause:86}, \REF{ex:clause:87}, and \REF{ex:clause:88}.\footnote{It should be noted that the form the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ also means ‘food’ or ‘animal’.}
A: word: anma	 gloss: good
B: word: mundu=n	 gloss: food=OBL
C: word: si-na	 gloss: push-IRR
D: word: mundu	 gloss: hunger
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): an mbï-lo-p wo-p mundu ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.EXCL here-go-PFV sleep-PFV hunger ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We came here, spent the night, and we were hungry.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While Ulwa generally maintains a fairly rigid and unified distinction between S/A arguments and P arguments, there is one known construction that exhibits an unusual argument structure. In expressions of experiencing hunger, the \isi{experiencer} role is not the grammatical subject but is rather the object of the verb, whereas ‘hunger’ itself is the grammatical subject. In other words, there is a special \isi{case frame} for expressing the experience of hunger, which takes the form of ‘hunger hits someone’ (as opposed to, say, ‘someone is hungry’ or ‘someone has hunger’). This is illustrated by examples \REF{ex:clause:86}, \REF{ex:clause:87}, and \REF{ex:clause:88}.\footnote{It should be noted that the form mundu ‘hunger’ also means ‘food’ or ‘animal’.}
A: word: alum	 gloss: child
B: word: nï=wali-e	 gloss: 1SG=hit-IPFV
C: word: an-asa-e	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL-hit-IPFV
D: word: ma=asa-e	 gloss: 3SG.OBJ=hit-IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Ulwa. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ u=atï-na
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG=hit-IRR
The English translation of this sentence is:`You will be hungry.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While Ulwa generally maintains a fairly rigid and unified distinction between S/A arguments and P arguments, there is one known construction that exhibits an unusual argument structure. In expressions of experiencing its gloss ___, the \isi{experiencer} role is not the grammatical subject but is rather the object of the verb, whereas ‘its gloss ___’ itself is the grammatical subject. In other words, there is a special \isi{case frame} for expressing the experience of its gloss ___, which takes the form of ‘its gloss ___ hits someone’ (as opposed to, say, ‘someone is hungry’ or ‘someone has its gloss ___’). This is illustrated by examples \REF{ex:clause:86}, \REF{ex:clause:87}, and \REF{ex:clause:88}.\footnote{It should be noted that the form the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ also means ‘food’ or ‘animal’.}
A: word: uni-e	 gloss: shout-IPFV
B: word: yalum	 gloss: grandchild
C: word: mundu	 gloss: hunger
D: word: mundu=n	 gloss: food=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C