cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 438:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ja do(u)m in mail ___ chel umfant.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG give.PRS.1SG INDEF.M.SG apple ___ DEM.M.SG child
The English translation of this sentence is:`I give an apple to this child.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Da as a \isi{the morpheme ___tive marker} is also reported for the \ili{Surmiran} dialect of Marmorera (\ref{ex:marm1} and \ref{ex:marm2}).
A: word: da	 gloss: DAT
B: word: adatgí	 gloss: DAT.some
C: word: nagljú	 gloss: nowhere
D: word: dal	 gloss: of.DEF.M.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 439:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ja do(u)m in mail da ___ umfant.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG give.PRS.1SG INDEF.M.SG apple DAT ___ child
The English translation of this sentence is:`I give an apple to this child.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Da as a \isi{dative marker} is also reported for the \ili{Surmiran} dialect of Marmorera (\ref{ex:marm1} and \ref{ex:marm2}).
A: word: quèsta	 gloss: DEM.F.SG
B: word: vacas	 gloss: cow.PL
C: word: chel	 gloss: DEM.M.SG
D: word: pustrètsch	 gloss: money
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 440:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] al bùrdi stèva ò ualti ___ quaj balantschava in téc.
Gloss (with missing item): … DEF.M.SG load stand.IMPF.3SG out quite ___ DEM.UNM roll.IMPF.3SG INDEF.M.SG bit
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] the load was sticking out quite a lot, it was rolling a bit.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Simple adverbs include cò `here', daspèras `next to it', drétg `right', the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___ away' (\ref{ex:glj1}), lò `there', nagljú `nowhere', saniastar `left'(\ref{ex:san1}), tschò `here'\footnote{Tschò `here' is usually used together with lò `there'; see example (\ref{ex:tscholo}).}, and zanú/zanúa `somewhere' (\ref{ex:zan1}).
A: word: gljunsch	 gloss: far
B: word: mò̱ndian	 gloss: go.PRS.SBJV.1PL
C: word: gljut	 gloss: people
D: word: quasi	 gloss: almost
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 441:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A lura … quaj è grat stau in téc, quèls mavan tùt ___ sén via.
Gloss (with missing item): and then … DEM.UNM be.PRS.3SG just COP.PTCP.UNM INDEF.M.SG bit DEM.M.PL go.IMPF.3PL completely ___ on road.F.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`And then … this was just for a bit, they were walking on the very left side of the road.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Simple adverbs include cò `here', daspèras `next to it', drétg `right', gljunsch `far away' (\ref{ex:glj1}), lò `there', nagljú `nowhere', the morpheme ___ `left'(\ref{ex:san1}), tschò `here'\footnote{Tschò `here' is usually used together with lò `there'; see example (\ref{ex:tscholo}).}, and zanú/zanúa `somewhere' (\ref{ex:zan1}).
A: word: fjasta	 gloss: celebration
B: word: pijè	 gloss: pay.INF
C: word: véjdar	 gloss: old.ADJ.UNM
D: word: saniastar	 gloss: left.ADJ.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 442:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] ábar savènṣ è aun da quèls tg’ èran fumégl ___ né lò.
Gloss (with missing item): … but often also in_addition of DEM.M.PL REL COP.IMPF.3PL farmhand.M.SG ___ or there
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] but often also one of those that were farmhands here and there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Simple adverbs include cò `its gloss ___', daspèras `next to it', drétg `right', gljunsch `far away' (\ref{ex:glj1}), lò `tits gloss ___', nagljú `nowits gloss ___', saniastar `left'(\ref{ex:san1}), the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___'\footnote{Tschò `its gloss ___' is usually used together with lò `tits gloss ___'; see example (\ref{ex:tscholo}).}, and zanú/zanúa `somewits gloss ___' (\ref{ex:zan1}).
A: word: pustrètsch	 gloss: money
B: word: ussa	 gloss: now
C: word: tschò	 gloss: here
D: word: savés	 gloss: know.COND.3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 443:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A … api ṣè lu capitau … mù gè quaj cu `l vèva sjatòntanù̱v òns circa, ṣè `l ___ para i è ruclaus.
Gloss (with missing item): and … and be.PRS.3SG then happen.PTCP.UNM … but yes DEM.UNM when 3SG.M have.IMPF.3SG seventy-nine year.M.PL around be.PRS.3SG 3SG.M ___ seem.PRS.3SG EXPL also fall.PTCP.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`And … and then it happened, ... well when he was about seventy-nine years old, it seems that he also fell down somewhere.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Simple adverbs include cò `here', daspèras `next to it', drétg `right', gljunsch `far away' (\ref{ex:glj1}), lò `there', nagljú `nowhere', saniastar `left'(\ref{ex:san1}), tschò `here'\footnote{Tschò `here' is usually used together with lò `there'; see example (\ref{ex:tscholo}).}, and zanú/the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' (\ref{ex:zan1}).
A: word: nua	 gloss: where
B: word: núa	 gloss: where
C: word: zanúa	 gloss: somewhere
D: word: vagnèn	 gloss: come.GER
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 444:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A lu èssan nuṣ i sé api vagní ___ ad i gjù Tiefenbach.
Gloss (with missing item): and then be.PRS.1PL 1PL go.PTCP.M.PL up and come.PTCP.M.PL ___ and go.PTCP.M.PL down PN
The English translation of this sentence is:`And then we went up and came down [from] over [the avalanche barriers] and went down to Tiefenbach.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Combinations of prepositions or of prepositions with adverbs are e.g. ajndadájns `inside' (< ` in + inside') (\ref{ex:advcomb1}), angjù `down' (< `in + down'), ansé `up' (< `in + up'), daváuntiar `in front' (< `in front + towards'), òrdavaun `in front' (< `out + before') (\ref{ex:advcomb2}), sédangjù (< `up + down'), the morpheme ___ (`over + down') (\ref{ex:advcomb3}), and vinavaun `farther' (< `over + in front').
A: word: angjù̱	 gloss: in_down
B: word: vidò	 gloss: over_out
C: word: ṣurangjù	 gloss: over_down
D: word: vagi	 gloss: have.PRS.SBJV.3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 445:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] la détga di tg’ è̱rian ___ tg' i udé̱vian c’ i tucavi da mjadṣ-dé ajnt Ruèras.
Gloss (with missing item): … DEF.F.SG legend say.PRS.3SG COMP COP.IMPF.SBJV.3PL ___ COMP 3PL hear.IMPF.SBJV.3PL COMP EXPL beat.IMPF.SBJV.3SG of noon.M.SG in PN
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] the legend says that they were so deep in the cave that they heard the clock strike noon in Rueras.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative adverbs are also formed by combinations of adverbs with either the \isi{demonstrative} quaj `this' (\ref{ex:quajnase}), the \isi{comparative} plé `more (than)', or the \isi{consecutive} schi `so (that)' (\ref{ex:the morpheme ___}). With plé the compared element may be explicit (\ref{ex:plendanoragju}) or implicit (\ref{ex:plendanora}).
A: word: schindanajn	 gloss: so_in
B: word: banadèschi	 gloss: bless.PRS.SBJV.3SG
C: word: vajn	 gloss: have.PRS.1PL
D: word: taun	 gloss: so_much
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 446:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] quèls tg’ èran staj a mèssa èran schòn [...] ___ tga quaj tga nuṣ èssan, tg’ als, tg’ als méls èn galòpaj.
Gloss (with missing item): … DEM.M.PL REL be.IMPF.3PL COP.PTCP.M.PL at mass.F.SG COP.IMPF.3PL already [...] ___ than DEM.UNM REL 1PL be.PRS.1PL REL DEF.M.PL REL DEF.M.PL mule.PL be.PRS.3PL gallop.PTCP.M.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] those who had attended the mass were already [...] farther down than we were, that the, that the mules galloped.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative adverbs are also formed by combinations of adverbs with either the \isi{demonstrative} quaj `this' (\ref{ex:quajnase}), the \isi{comparative} plé `more (than)', or the \isi{consecutive} schi `so (that)' (\ref{ex:schindanajn}). With plé the compared element may be explicit (\ref{ex:plendanoragju}) or implicit (\ref{ex:plendanora}).
A: word: pléndanòragjù̱	 gloss: more_out_down
B: word: taun	 gloss: so_much
C: word: èr’	 gloss: COP.IMPF.1SG
D: word: òragjù	 gloss: out_down
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 447:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] quèls tg’ èran staj a mèssa èran schòn [...] pléndanòragjù̱ ___ quaj tga nuṣ èssan, tg’ als, tg’ als méls èn galòpaj.
Gloss (with missing item): … DEM.M.PL REL be.IMPF.3PL COP.PTCP.M.PL at mass.F.SG COP.IMPF.3PL already [...] more_out_down ___ DEM.UNM REL 1PL be.PRS.1PL REL DEF.M.PL REL DEF.M.PL mule.PL be.PRS.3PL gallop.PTCP.M.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] those who had attended the mass were already [...] farther down than we were, that the, that the mules galloped.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative adverbs are also formed by combinations of adverbs with either the \isi{demonstrative} quaj `this' (\ref{ex:quajnase}), the \isi{comparative} plé `more (its gloss ___)', or the \isi{consecutive} schi `so (that)' (\ref{ex:schindanajn}). With plé the compared element may be explicit (\ref{ex:plendanoragju}) or implicit (\ref{ex:plendanora}).
A: word: vèva	 gloss: have.IMPF.3SG
B: word: tumaj	 gloss: fear.INF
C: word: tga	 gloss: than
D: word: bétga	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 448:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ angjù̱ va ju la finala nagíns.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ in_down have.PRS.1SG 1SG DEF.F.SG end no.M.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the end I don’t have any down here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some combinations of adverbs include the morpheme ___ angjù `down its gloss ___' (\ref{ex:coang1}), gjù the morpheme ___ `down its gloss ___', and ò lò `out tits gloss ___' (\ref{ex:olo1}).
A: word: sora	 gloss: sister
B: word: cò	 gloss: here
C: word: còj	 gloss: cook.INF
D: word: ussa	 gloss: now
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 449:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Cò ___ va ju la finala nagíns.
Gloss (with missing item): here ___ have.PRS.1SG 1SG DEF.F.SG end no.M.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the end I don’t have any down here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some combinations of adverbs include cò angjù `down here' (\ref{ex:coang1}), gjù cò `down here', and ò lò `out there' (\ref{ex:olo1}).
A: word: ṣurangjù	 gloss: over_down
B: word: para	 gloss: seem.PRS.3SG
C: word: angjù̱	 gloss: in_down
D: word: gjùn	 gloss: down_in
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 450:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ju sùn ___ cò.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG COP.PRS.1SG ___ here
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am up here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adverbs cò `here' and lò `there' combine with the prepositions the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' and gjù `down'. In the case of cò and the morpheme ___, they combine either as the morpheme ___ cò (\ref{ex:seco1}) or as cò the morpheme ___ (\ref{ex:cose1}).\footnote{The syntactic status of the morpheme ___ in the combination cò the morpheme ___ is not clear to me, because it looks like a postposition. However, no other pospositions are attested in the domain of locatives, and in other domains they are very scarce.} If one says
A: word: ségi	 gloss: EXIST.PRS.SBJV.3SG
B: word: las	 gloss: DEF.F.PL
C: word: sé	 gloss: up
D: word: gju	 gloss: have.PTCP.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 451:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ju sùn ___ sé.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG COP.PRS.1SG ___ up
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am up here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The adverbs the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' and lò `tits gloss ___' combine with the prepositions sé `up' and gjù `down'. In the case of the morpheme ___ and sé, they combine either as sé the morpheme ___ (\ref{ex:seco1}) or as the morpheme ___ sé (\ref{ex:cose1}).\footnote{The syntactic status of sé in the combination the morpheme ___ sé is not clear to me, because it looks like a postposition. However, no other pospositions are attested in the domain of locatives, and in other domains they are very scarce.} If one says
A: word: cò	 gloss: here
B: word: ussa	 gloss: now
C: word: còj	 gloss: cook.INF
D: word: caplùta	 gloss: chapel
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 452:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nuṣ vèvan da partgirá als tiars, als buéts, a stèvan ___ sé, sé majṣès.
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL have.IMPF.1PL COMP MIND.INF DEF.M.PL animal.PL DEF.M.PL boy.PL and stay.IMPF.1PL ___ up up assembly_of_houses.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`We had to mind the animals, we the boys, and stayed up there, at the majṣès.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: it implies that the speaker is at a higher place than the hearer. This semantic difference does not exist with the morpheme ___ sé (\ref{ex:lose1}) and sé the morpheme ___ (\ref{selo1}), both meaning `up its gloss ___'. According to several consultants, both constructions refer to the same situation; the more common construction is sé the morpheme ___.
A: word: flòt	 gloss: great.ADJ.UNM
B: word: trùtg	 gloss: footpath
C: word: stauṣ	 gloss: COP.PTCP.M.SG
D: word: lò	 gloss: there
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 453:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nuṣ vèvan da partgirá als tiars, als buéts, a stèvan lò ___ sé majṣès.
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL have.IMPF.1PL COMP MIND.INF DEF.M.PL animal.PL DEF.M.PL boy.PL and stay.IMPF.1PL there ___ up assembly_of_houses.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`We had to mind the animals, we the boys, and stayed up there, at the majṣès.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: it implies that the speaker is at a higher place than the hearer. This semantic difference does not exist with lò the morpheme ___ (\ref{ex:lose1}) and the morpheme ___ lò (\ref{selo1}), both meaning `its gloss ___ there'. According to several consultants, both constructions refer to the same situation; the more common construction is the morpheme ___ lò.
A: word: amprém’	 gloss: first
B: word: ségi	 gloss: EXIST.PRS.SBJV.3SG
C: word: quèl	 gloss: DEM.M.SG
D: word: sé	 gloss: up
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 454:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ju vòn ___ tgèsa.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG go.PRS.1SG ___ house.F.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I am going home.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following simple prepositions occur in the corpus: \textbf{the morpheme ___} `in, its gloss ___' (\ref{ex:the morpheme ___1}), the morpheme ___jn `in, inits gloss ___', the morpheme ___jnt/the morpheme ___jntthe morpheme ___ `in, inits gloss ___' (\ref{ex:the morpheme ___jntthe morpheme ___1}), the morpheme ___mithe morpheme ___z `in the middle of', the morpheme ___ncùntthe morpheme ___r `its gloss ___wthe morpheme ___rds', the morpheme ___ntù̱rn `the morpheme ___round' (\ref{ex:the morpheme ___nturn1}), the morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___un `before' (\ref{ex:the morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___un1}), dthe morpheme ___ `from' (\ref{ex:dthe morpheme ___1}), dthe morpheme ___dthe morpheme ___jns `inside', dthe morpheme ___dò `outside', \textit{dthe morpheme ___vùs} `behind', gjù `down', nùcthe morpheme ___ `by, next its gloss ___' (\ref{ex:nucthe morpheme ___1} the morpheme ___nd \ref{ex:nucthe morpheme ___2}), ò/òrthe morpheme ___ `out', sé `up', sén `on', séssum `on its gloss ___p of', spèr `next its gloss ___', ṣur/ṣu `the morpheme ___bove', ṣut `under', tòcthe morpheme ___/tòcthe morpheme ___n `until', vithe morpheme ___rs `its gloss ___wthe morpheme ___rds'.
A: word: a	 gloss: to
B: word: aun	 gloss: still
C: word: ancùntar	 gloss: towards
D: word: vagnéva	 gloss: PASS.AUX.IMPF.3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A