cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] ins duvrava ___ a tgarnpiartg.
Gloss (with missing item): … GNR need.IMPF.3SG ___ and bacon.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] one needed also cheese and bacon.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Bare nouns or \isi{noun phrases}, in the sense of noun phrases without determiners, obligatorily occur with mass nouns and in indefinite plural \isi{object noun phrases}. Bare nouns are very frequent in prepositional phrases, mostly with a \isi{locative} meaning (see \sectref{sec:4.2.3}. Example (\ref{ex:baremass}) illustrates mass nouns, (\ref{ex:bareindefpl}) an indefinite plural object \isi{noun phrase}, and (\ref{ex:barepp1}) a \isi{locative prepositional phrase}.
A: word: magnùc	 gloss: cheese.M.SG
B: word: dumagnè	 gloss: cope.INF
C: word: vaschala	 gloss: dishes.F.SG
D: word: téc	 gloss: bit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] ábar ùṣ anflá ___ è bigja schi sémpal.
Gloss (with missing item): … but now find.INF ___ COP.PRS.3SG NEG so simple.ADJ.UNM
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] but nowadays to find captains is not so easy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Bare nouns or \isi{noun phrases}, in the sense of noun phrases without determiners, obligatorily occur with mass nouns and in indefinite plural \isi{object noun phrases}. Bare nouns are very frequent in prepositional phrases, mostly with a \isi{locative} meaning (see \sectref{sec:4.2.3}. Example (\ref{ex:baremass}) illustrates mass nouns, (\ref{ex:bareindefpl}) an indefinite plural object \isi{noun phrase}, and (\ref{ex:barepp1}) a \isi{locative prepositional phrase}.
A: word: capitaniṣ	 gloss: captain.M.PL
B: word: capitau	 gloss: happen.PTCP.UNM
C: word: èran	 gloss: COP.IMPF.3PL
D: word: còlègs	 gloss: colleague.M.PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ùsa vòm ju ___ tgèsa.
Gloss (with missing item): now go.PRS.1SG 1SG ___ house.F.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now I am going home.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Bthe morpheme ___re nouns or \isi{noun phrthe morpheme ___ses}, in the sense of noun phrthe morpheme ___ses without determiners, obligthe morpheme ___its gloss ___rily occur with mthe morpheme ___ss nouns the morpheme ___nd in indefinite plurthe morpheme ___l \isi{object noun phrthe morpheme ___ses}. Bthe morpheme ___re nouns the morpheme ___re very frequent in prepositionthe morpheme ___l phrthe morpheme ___ses, mostly with the morpheme ___ \isi{locthe morpheme ___tive} methe morpheme ___ning (see \sectref{sec:4.2.3}. Exthe morpheme ___mple (\ref{ex:bthe morpheme ___remthe morpheme ___ss}) illustrthe morpheme ___tes mthe morpheme ___ss nouns, (\ref{ex:bthe morpheme ___reindefpl}) the morpheme ___n indefinite plurthe morpheme ___l object \isi{noun phrthe morpheme ___se}, the morpheme ___nd (\ref{ex:bthe morpheme ___repp1}) the morpheme ___ \isi{locthe morpheme ___tive prepositionthe morpheme ___l phrthe morpheme ___se}.
A: word: aun	 gloss: still
B: word: stada	 gloss: PASS.PTCP.F.SG
C: word: a	 gloss: to
D: word: ancùntar	 gloss: towards
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A lu ò `l signún gju ___ gròma né latg.
Gloss (with missing item): and then have.PRS.3SG DEF.M.SG alpine_dairyman have.PTCP.UNM ___ cream.F.SG nor milk.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:And then the alpine dairyman didn'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nouns are joined by a `and' (\ref{ex:aconj1}) and the morpheme ___ `or' (\ref{ex:neor1}); the morpheme ___ ... the morpheme ___ is used for `its gloss ___ ... nor' (\ref{ex:nene1}).
A: word: gnang	 gloss: not_even
B: word: vagnéva	 gloss: PASS.AUX.IMPF.3SG
C: word: né	 gloss: neither
D: word: sora	 gloss: sister
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A lu ò `l signún gju né ___ né latg.
Gloss (with missing item): and then have.PRS.3SG DEF.M.SG alpine_dairyman have.PTCP.UNM neither ___ nor milk.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:And then the alpine dairyman didn'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nouns are joined by a `and' (\ref{ex:aconj1}) and né `or' (\ref{ex:neor1}); né ... né is used for `neither ... nor' (\ref{ex:nene1}).
A: word: gang	 gloss: corridor
B: word: magnùc	 gloss: cheese.M.SG
C: word: fildiròms	 gloss: wire.PL
D: word: gròma	 gloss: cream.F.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A lu ò `l signún gju né gròma ___ latg.
Gloss (with missing item): and then have.PRS.3SG DEF.M.SG alpine_dairyman have.PTCP.UNM neither cream.F.SG ___ milk.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:And then the alpine dairyman didn'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nouns are joined by a `and' (\ref{ex:aconj1}) and the morpheme ___ `or' (\ref{ex:neor1}); the morpheme ___ ... the morpheme ___ is used for `neither ... its gloss ___' (\ref{ex:nene1}).
A: word: zatgéj	 gloss: something
B: word: né	 gloss: nor
C: word: ṣchèvan	 gloss: say.IMPF.3PL
D: word: vagnéva	 gloss: PASS.AUX.IMPF.3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] ___ gròn èra racrut, a tschèlṣ duṣ ajn amprèndissadi.
Gloss (with missing item): … ___ big COP.IMPF.3SG recruit.M.SG and DEM.M.PL two.M.PL in apprenticeship.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] the oldest was a recruit, and the other two [were] in an apprenticeship.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine form the morpheme ___ is used before a \isi{noun} or a nominthe morpheme ___ised \isi{adjective} that starts with a consonant (\ref{ex:artmsg1}) and agl/gl with a \isi{noun} that starts with a vowel, as in (\ref{ex:artmsg2}) and (\ref{ex:artmsg3}). `l is used after a word that ends with a vowel (\ref{ex:artmsg4}) and l' before an \isi{adjective} or a \isi{determiner} that precedes a masculine \isi{noun} (\ref{ex:artmsg5}).
A: word: al	 gloss: DEF.M.SG
B: word: dal	 gloss: of.DEF.M.SG
C: word: amprèmṣ	 gloss: first.PL
D: word: plajds	 gloss: word.PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [...] al ___ èra racrut, a tschèlṣ duṣ ajn amprèndissadi.
Gloss (with missing item): … DEF.M.SG ___ COP.IMPF.3SG recruit.M.SG and DEM.M.PL two.M.PL in apprenticeship.M.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`[...] the oldest was a recruit, and the other two [were] in an apprenticeship.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine form al is used before a \isi{noun} or a nominalised \isi{adjective} that starts with a consonant (\ref{ex:artmsg1}) and agl/gl with a \isi{noun} that starts with a vowel, as in (\ref{ex:artmsg2}) and (\ref{ex:artmsg3}). `l is used after a word that ends with a vowel (\ref{ex:artmsg4}) and l' before an \isi{adjective} or a \isi{determiner} that precedes a masculine \isi{noun} (\ref{ex:artmsg5}).
A: word: gròn	 gloss: big
B: word: grònṣ	 gloss: big.PL
C: word: ins	 gloss: GNR
D: word: tùta	 gloss: whole
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A lu ajn ajn tgòmbra èri ina tga vèva survgnú ___ avrél plaza.
Gloss (with missing item): and then in in room.F.SG EXIST.IMPF.3SG.EXPL one.F.SG REL have.IMPF.3SG get.PTCP.UNM ___ April job.F.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`And then in our room there was one [girl] that had got a job in April.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine form al is used before a \isi{noun} or a nominalised \isi{adjective} that starts with a consonant (\ref{ex:artmsg1}) and the morpheme ___/gl with a \isi{noun} that starts with a vowel, as in (\ref{ex:artmsg2}) and (\ref{ex:artmsg3}). `l is used after a word that ends with a vowel (\ref{ex:artmsg4}) and l' before an \isi{adjective} or a \isi{determiner} that precedes a masculine \isi{noun} (\ref{ex:artmsg5}).
A: word: agl	 gloss: DEF.M.SG
B: word: quèsta	 gloss: DEM.F.SG
C: word: dal	 gloss: of.DEF.M.SG
D: word: pagljau	 gloss: hit.PTCP.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A lu ajn ajn tgòmbra èri ina tga vèva survgnú agl ___ plaza.
Gloss (with missing item): and then in in room.F.SG EXIST.IMPF.3SG.EXPL one.F.SG REL have.IMPF.3SG get.PTCP.UNM DEF.M.SG ___ job.F.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`And then in our room there was one [girl] that had got a job in April.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine form al is used before a \isi{noun} or a nominalised \isi{adjective} that starts with a consonant (\ref{ex:artmsg1}) and agl/gl with a \isi{noun} that starts with a vowel, as in (\ref{ex:artmsg2}) and (\ref{ex:artmsg3}). `l is used after a word that ends with a vowel (\ref{ex:artmsg4}) and l' before an \isi{adjective} or a \isi{determiner} that precedes a masculine \isi{noun} (\ref{ex:artmsg5}).
A: word: ta:g	 gloss: day
B: word: tgavrè	 gloss: goatherd
C: word: dis	 gloss: DEF.DAT.PL
D: word: avrél	 gloss: April
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nuṣ vajn luvrau ___ antir dé.
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL have.PRS.1SG work.PTCP.UNM ___ whole.M.SG day
The English translation of this sentence is:`We worked the whole day.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is, however, one exception. Before the \isi{quantifier} antir `whole', it is not l' but the morpheme ___ that is used (\ref{ex:artmsg6}).
A: word: dal	 gloss: of.DEF.M.SG
B: word: féglja	 gloss: daughter
C: word: pagljau	 gloss: hit.PTCP.UNM
D: word: gl	 gloss: DEF.M.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nuṣ vajn luvrau gl ___ dé.
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL have.PRS.1SG work.PTCP.UNM DEF.M.SG ___ day
The English translation of this sentence is:`We worked the whole day.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is, however, one exception. Before the \isi{quantifier} the morpheme ___ `whole', it is not l' but gl that is used (\ref{ex:artmsg6}).
A: word: antira	 gloss: whole
B: word: antir	 gloss: whole.M.SG
C: word: zagríndara	 gloss: Yenish
D: word: car	 gloss: dear.M.SG.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A quaj òzaldé ___ gjuvans tga végnan ò da scùla sadatan bétga gjù schi fétg cun in téc plé végls.
Gloss (with missing item): and DEM.UNM nowadays ___ young.PL REL come.PRS.3PL out of school.F.SG REFL.give.PRS.3PL NEG down so often with iNDEF.M.SG bit more old.M.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`And nowadays the young people who come out of school do not want to have to do so much with those who are a bit older.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine plural form the morpheme ___/alṣ is used before \isi{consonants} (\ref{ex:artmpl1}) and ls/lṣ before \isi{vowels}. The form 'ls/'lṣ occurs after a word ending in a vowel (\ref{ex:artmpl2}).
A: word: dals	 gloss: of.DEF.M.PL
B: word: calira	 gloss: heat.F.SG
C: word: ancanùschju	 gloss: know.PTCP.UNM
D: word: als	 gloss: DEF.M.PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A quaj òzaldé als ___ tga végnan ò da scùla sadatan bétga gjù schi fétg cun in téc plé végls.
Gloss (with missing item): and DEM.UNM nowadays DEF.M.PL ___ REL come.PRS.3PL out of school.F.SG REFL.give.PRS.3PL NEG down so often with iNDEF.M.SG bit more old.M.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`And nowadays the young people who come out of school do not want to have to do so much with those who are a bit older.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine plural form als/alṣ is used before \isi{consonants} (\ref{ex:artmpl1}) and ls/lṣ before \isi{vowels}. The form 'ls/'lṣ occurs after a word ending in a vowel (\ref{ex:artmpl2}).
A: word: gjuvantétgna	 gloss: youth
B: word: mjasa	 gloss: half.F.SG
C: word: gjuvans	 gloss: young.PL
D: word: pintg’	 gloss: young
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A sjantar ... òni ampustau tùt nùfs ... pr̩ ___ antira val.
Gloss (with missing item): and after … have.PRS.3PL.3PL order.PTCP.UNM all new.M.PL … for ___ whole valley
The English translation of this sentence is:`And then … they ordered all new … for the entire valley.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The feminine forms la and las occur before \isi{consonants}; the forms the morpheme ___ (\ref{ex:la1}) and laṣ occur before \isi{vowels}.
A: word: ála	 gloss: in.DEF.F.SG
B: word: bjè	 gloss: much
C: word: quèl	 gloss: DEM.M.SG
D: word: l'	 gloss: DEF.F.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A sjantar ... òni ampustau tùt nùfs ... pr̩ l' ___ val.
Gloss (with missing item): and after … have.PRS.3PL.3PL order.PTCP.UNM all new.M.PL … for DEF.F.SG ___ valley
The English translation of this sentence is:`And then … they ordered all new … for the entire valley.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The feminine forms la and las occur before \isi{consonants}; the forms l' (\ref{ex:la1}) and laṣ occur before \isi{vowels}.
A: word: inqual	 gloss: some
B: word: plajna	 gloss: full
C: word: antir	 gloss: whole
D: word: antira	 gloss: whole
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): […] òn ___ da tgèsa détg.
Gloss (with missing item): … have.PRS.3PL ___ of house say.PTCP.UNM
The English translation of this sentence is:`[…] said those at home.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction is not restricted to the inhabitants of villages or towns, but occurs with any habitable place (\ref{ex:arttgesa1}).
A: word: jèda	 gloss: time
B: word: dals	 gloss: of.DEF.M.PL
C: word: pudèv'	 gloss: can.IMPF.3SG
D: word: als	 gloss: DEF.M.PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): […] òn als ___ tgèsa détg.
Gloss (with missing item): … have.PRS.3PL DEF.M.PL ___ house say.PTCP.UNM
The English translation of this sentence is:`[…] said those at home.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction is not restricted to the inhabitants its gloss ___ villages or towns, but occurs with any habitable place (\ref{ex:arttgesa1}).
A: word: dal	 gloss: of.DEF.M.SG
B: word: dir	 gloss: hard
C: word: da	 gloss: of
D: word: prapará	 gloss: prepare.INF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Kalamang. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): […] òn als da ___ détg.
Gloss (with missing item): … have.PRS.3PL DEF.M.PL of ___ say.PTCP.UNM
The English translation of this sentence is:`[…] said those at home.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction is not restricted to the inhabitants of villages or towns, but occurs with any habitable place (\ref{ex:arttgesa1}).
A: word: tgèsa-parvènda	 gloss: presbytery
B: word: talafòns	 gloss: phone.PL
C: word: vèssas	 gloss: have.COND.2PL
D: word: tgèsa	 gloss: house
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D