cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ¿\ꞌIna \ꞌō ___ mata o Hotu \ꞌIti he taŋitaŋi ki te Tūpāhotu?
Gloss (with missing item): ~~NEG really ___ tribe of Hotu Iti PRED cry:RED to ART Tupahotu
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The tribe of Hotu Iti doesn’t mourn for the Tupahotu, does it?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{Locative} clauses (\sectref{sec:9.4.1}) can be negated with \textit{{\ꞌ}ina} in front of tthe morpheme ___ subject. As in verbal clauses, tthe morpheme ___ subject has tthe morpheme ___ predicate marker the morpheme ___\is{the morpheme ___ (nominal predicate marker)}, even wthe morpheme ___n it has definite reference\is{Referentiality} (see (\ref{ex:10.94}–\ref{ex:10.96}) above).
A: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
B: word: he	 gloss: PRED
C: word: ¿he	 gloss: ~PRED
D: word: ¿ki	 gloss: ~to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ¿\ꞌIna \ꞌō he ___ o Hotu \ꞌIti he taŋitaŋi ki te Tūpāhotu?
Gloss (with missing item): ~~NEG really PRED ___ of Hotu Iti PRED cry:RED to ART Tupahotu
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The tribe of Hotu Iti doesn’t mourn for the Tupahotu, does it?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{Locative} clauses (\sectref{sec:9.4.1}) can be negated with \textit{{\ꞌ}ina} in front of the subject. As in verbal clauses, the subject has the predicate marker he\is{he (nominal predicate marker)}, even when it has definite reference\is{Referentiality} (see (\ref{ex:10.94}–\ref{ex:10.96}) above).
A: word: kaiŋa	 gloss: Kainga
B: word: mata	 gloss: tribe
C: word: matahiti	 gloss: year
D: word: kai	 gloss: food
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He hoki mai ki \ꞌuta, ___ iri ki te hakanonoŋa.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR return hither to inland ___ ascend to ART fishing_zone
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They returned inland, they did not go out to the hakanononga fishing zones.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Kai is used to negate events in narrative as in (\ref{ex:10.115}–\ref{ex:10.116}), and any past\is{Past} events as in (\ref{ex:10.117}–\ref{ex:10.119}).\footnote{\label{fn:498}The latter point is illustrated somewhat more extensively, to show that the morpheme ___ does indeed negate past tense clauses, the positive counterpart of which would have perfective i. In this respect my analysis is different from \citet[79]{Englert1978}, who claims that i{}-clauses are negated by \textit{ta{\ꞌ}e} (an analysis followed by \citealt[158]{Chapin1978} and \citealt[157]{Stenson1981}). In fact, \textit{ta{\ꞌ}e} is not the default negator of i, but is used to negate certain constructions with i and e (\sectref{sec:10.5.6} below).} If these clauses were positive, the former would be marked with he, the latter with perfective i or – if the speaker wishes to emphasise their present relevance – perfect \textit{ko V {\ꞌ}ā}\is{ko V {\ꞌ}ā (perfect aspect)}.
A: word: ¿ki	 gloss: ~to
B: word: uho	 gloss: Uho
C: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
D: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pāhono e Hotu i tū vānaŋa era \ꞌa Tahoŋa.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ answer AG Hotu ACC DEM word DIST of.A Tahonga
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Hotu did not reply to those words of Tahonga.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Kai is used to negate events in narrative as in (\ref{ex:10.115}–\ref{ex:10.116}), and any past\is{Past} events as in (\ref{ex:10.117}–\ref{ex:10.119}).\footnote{\label{fn:498}The latter point is illustrated somewhat more extensively, to show that the morpheme ___ does indeed negate past tense clauses, the positive counterpart of which would have perfective i. In this respect my analysis is different from \citet[79]{Englert1978}, who claims that i{}-clauses are negated by \textit{ta{\ꞌ}e} (an analysis followed by \citealt[158]{Chapin1978} and \citealt[157]{Stenson1981}). In fact, \textit{ta{\ꞌ}e} is not the default negator of i, but is used to negate certain constructions with i and e (\sectref{sec:10.5.6} below).} If these clauses were positive, the former would be marked with he, the latter with perfective i or – if the speaker wishes to emphasise their present relevance – perfect \textit{ko V {\ꞌ}ā}\is{ko V {\ꞌ}ā (perfect aspect)}.
A: word: ¡ka	 gloss: ~IMP
B: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
C: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
D: word: ŋāŋaro	 gloss: PL:disappear
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ¿He aha rā ia \ꞌina ho\ꞌi koe ___ kī mai?
Gloss (with missing item): ~PRED what INTENS then NEG indeed 2SG ___ say hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Why then didn’t you tell me?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Kai is used to negate events in narrative as in (\ref{ex:10.115}–\ref{ex:10.116}), and any past\is{Past} events as in (\ref{ex:10.117}–\ref{ex:10.119}).\footnote{\label{fn:498}The latter point is illustrated somewhat more extensively, to show that the morpheme ___ does indeed negate past tense clauses, the positive counterpart of which would have perfective i. In this respect my analysis is different from \citet[79]{Englert1978}, who claims that i{}-clauses are negated by \textit{ta{\ꞌ}e} (an analysis followed by \citealt[158]{Chapin1978} and \citealt[157]{Stenson1981}). In fact, \textit{ta{\ꞌ}e} is not the default negator of i, but is used to negate certain constructions with i and e (\sectref{sec:10.5.6} below).} If these clauses were positive, the former would be marked with he, the latter with perfective i or – if the speaker wishes to emphasise their present relevance – perfect \textit{ko V {\ꞌ}ā}\is{ko V {\ꞌ}ā (perfect aspect)}.
A: word: piropiro	 gloss: rotten:RED
B: word: uru	 gloss: enter
C: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
D: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E nua, ___ kī mai ho\ꞌi koe pē hē te tunu haŋa o te kai era
Gloss (with missing item): VOC Mum ___ say hither indeed 2SG like CQ ART cook NMLZ of ART food DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Mum, you didn’t tell me how to cook that food.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Kai is used to negate events in narrative as in (\ref{ex:10.115}–\ref{ex:10.116}), and any past\is{Past} events as in (\ref{ex:10.117}–\ref{ex:10.119}).\footnote{\label{fn:498}The latter point is illustrated somewhat more extensively, to show that the morpheme ___ does indeed negate past tense clauses, the positive counterpart of which would have perfective i. In this respect my analysis is different from \citet[79]{Englert1978}, who claims that i{}-clauses are negated by \textit{ta{\ꞌ}e} (an analysis followed by \citealt[158]{Chapin1978} and \citealt[157]{Stenson1981}). In fact, \textit{ta{\ꞌ}e} is not the default negator of i, but is used to negate certain constructions with i and e (\sectref{sec:10.5.6} below).} If these clauses were positive, the former would be marked with he, the latter with perfective i or – if the speaker wishes to emphasise their present relevance – perfect \textit{ko V {\ꞌ}ā}\is{ko V {\ꞌ}ā (perfect aspect)}.
A: word: hau	 gloss: cord
B: word: nei	 gloss: PROX
C: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
D: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ¿He aha rā ia \ꞌina ho\ꞌi koe ___ kī mai?
Gloss (with missing item): ~PRED what INTENS then NEG indeed 2SG ___ say hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Why then didn’t you tell me?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:10.117}, \REF{ex:10.120} and \REF{ex:10.122}, the morpheme ___ co-occurs with the neutral negator \textit{{\ꞌ}ina}\is{ina (negator)@{\ꞌ}ina (negator)}. There is little or no semantic or pragmatic difference between clauses with and without \textit{{\ꞌ}ina}, though he examples with \textit{{\ꞌ}ina} may be slightly more emphatic than constructions with the morpheme ___ alone.
A: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
B: word: nei	 gloss: PROX
C: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
D: word: pakiroki	 gloss: thin
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌIna a au ___ maruaki.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG PROP 1SG ___ hungry
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I am not hungry.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:10.117}, \REF{ex:10.120} and \REF{ex:10.122}, the morpheme ___ co-occurs with the neutral negator \textit{{\ꞌ}ina}\is{ina (negator)@{\ꞌ}ina (negator)}. There is little or no semantic or pragmatic difference between clauses with and without \textit{{\ꞌ}ina}, though he examples with \textit{{\ꞌ}ina} may be slightly more emphatic than constructions with the morpheme ___ alone.
A: word: mata	 gloss: tribe
B: word: kori	 gloss: play
C: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
D: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌIna a au ___ haŋa mo iri atu.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG PROP 1SG ___ want for ascend hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I don’t want to go up (to the hospital).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:10.117}, \REF{ex:10.120} and \REF{ex:10.122}, the morpheme ___ co-occurs with the neutral negator \textit{{\ꞌ}ina}\is{ina (negator)@{\ꞌ}ina (negator)}. There is little or no semantic or pragmatic difference between clauses with and without \textit{{\ꞌ}ina}, though he examples with \textit{{\ꞌ}ina} may be slightly more emphatic than constructions with the morpheme ___ alone.
A: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
B: word: ohu	 gloss: shout
C: word: ¡ka	 gloss: ~IMP
D: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ¿He aha rā ia \ꞌina ho\ꞌi koe ___ kī mai?
Gloss (with missing item): ~PRED what INTENS then NEG indeed 2SG ___ say hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Why then didn’t you tell me?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Just like any verb phrase, a verb phrase marked with the morpheme ___ may contain various kinds of postverbal particles, such as directionals\is{Directional} (mai in \REF{ex:10.117} and \REF{ex:10.119} above). When the clause has perfect aspect\is{Aspect!perfect}, the continuity marker \textit{{\ꞌ}ā/{\ꞌ}ana}\is{a (postverbal)@{\ꞌ}ā (postverbal)} may be added. This marker is obligatory with the perfect marker ko and indicates continuity of a state (\sectref{sec:7.2.5.5}); in combination with the morpheme ___ it indicates that the negative state still continues, i.e. that a positive action has not yet taken place, or that a positive state has not yet been reached.
A: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
B: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
C: word: tētahi	 gloss: other
D: word: uru	 gloss: enter
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E nua, ___ kī mai ho\ꞌi koe pē hē te tunu haŋa o te kai era
Gloss (with missing item): VOC Mum ___ say hither indeed 2SG like CQ ART cook NMLZ of ART food DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Mum, you didn’t tell me how to cook that food.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Just like any verb phrase, a verb phrase marked with the morpheme ___ may contain various kinds of postverbal particles, such as directionals\is{Directional} (mai in \REF{ex:10.117} and \REF{ex:10.119} above). When the clause has perfect aspect\is{Aspect!perfect}, the continuity marker \textit{{\ꞌ}ā/{\ꞌ}ana}\is{a (postverbal)@{\ꞌ}ā (postverbal)} may be added. This marker is obligatory with the perfect marker ko and indicates continuity of a state (\sectref{sec:7.2.5.5}); in combination with the morpheme ___ it indicates that the negative state still continues, i.e. that a positive action has not yet taken place, or that a positive state has not yet been reached.
A: word: aŋiaŋi	 gloss: certain:RED
B: word: koa	 gloss: happy
C: word: —¿kai	 gloss: ~~~~~NEG.PFV
D: word: kai	 gloss: NEG.PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ \ꞌavai e au e tahi taŋata i tā\ꞌaku poki.
Gloss (with missing item): IPFV ___ give AG 1SG NUM one person ACC POSS.1SG.A child
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I won’t give my child to anybody.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (E) the morpheme ___\is{e the morpheme ___ (negator)|(}\footnote{\label{fn:499}The origin of the morpheme ___ is unclear. Pollex (\citealt{GreenhillClark2011}) mentions a negative imperative\is{Imperative} form *kaua in Fijian and Polynesian, which could have assimilated {\textgreater} *kō {\textgreater} the morpheme ___. The semantic correspondence is tempting, but the evidence for *kaua is not very strong; more common is \textit{{\ꞌ}aua}, which occurs throughout Polynesian and which could be at the root of Rapa Nui \textit{{\ꞌ}o} ‘lest’ (\sectref{sec:11.5.4}). Alternatively, the morpheme ___ could be a shortening of the morpheme ___re, which is the main negator in verbal clauses in Central-Eastern Polynesian languages \citep[100]{Clark1976}. This would explain the fact that e is a fixed part of the negation in most contexts: in \is{Central-Eastern Polynesian}CE languages, the morpheme ___re fused with preceding aspectuals (esp. ka and e). NB the morpheme ___re itself also occurs in Rapa Nui as a lexical negator (\sectref{sec:10.5.7}).} is the imperfective negator. Like kai, it replaces the aspectual in front of the verb. The first element e (tentatively glossed as imperfective\is{e (imperfective)}) is almost always included, except in the imperative\is{Imperative}. Like kai, e the morpheme ___ it can be reinforced with \textit{{\ꞌ}ina}, which triggers preverbal verb placement; compare \REF{ex:10.126} and \REF{ex:10.127} below.
A: word: ko	 gloss: NEG.IPFV
B: word: matariki	 gloss: file
C: word: koa	 gloss: happy
D: word: ¿pē	 gloss: ~like
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌIna a au e ___ \ꞌavai atu ki a koe i a Puakiva.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG PROP 1SG IPFV ___ give away to PROP 2SG ACC PROP Puakiva
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I won’t give Puakiva to you.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (E) the morpheme ___\is{e the morpheme ___ (negator)|(}\footnote{\label{fn:499}The origin of the morpheme ___ is unclear. Pollex (\citealt{GreenhillClark2011}) mentions a negative imperative\is{Imperative} form *kaua in Fijian and Polynesian, which could have assimilated {\textgreater} *kō {\textgreater} the morpheme ___. The semantic correspondence is tempting, but the evidence for *kaua is not very strong; more common is \textit{{\ꞌ}aua}, which occurs throughout Polynesian and which could be at the root of Rapa Nui \textit{{\ꞌ}o} ‘lest’ (\sectref{sec:11.5.4}). Alternatively, the morpheme ___ could be a shortening of the morpheme ___re, which is the main negator in verbal clauses in Central-Eastern Polynesian languages \citep[100]{Clark1976}. This would explain the fact that e is a fixed part of the negation in most contexts: in \is{Central-Eastern Polynesian}CE languages, the morpheme ___re fused with preceding aspectuals (esp. ka and e). NB the morpheme ___re itself also occurs in Rapa Nui as a lexical negator (\sectref{sec:10.5.7}).} is the imperfective negator. Like kai, it replaces the aspectual in front of the verb. The first element e (tentatively glossed as imperfective\is{e (imperfective)}) is almost always included, except in the imperative\is{Imperative}. Like kai, e the morpheme ___ it can be reinforced with \textit{{\ꞌ}ina}, which triggers preverbal verb placement; compare \REF{ex:10.126} and \REF{ex:10.127} below.
A: word: ko	 gloss: NEG.IPFV
B: word: nei	 gloss: PROX
C: word: koa	 gloss: happy
D: word: hakarē	 gloss: leave
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko puē ho\ꞌi tāua mo hī \ꞌi te kona nei.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ NEG.IPFV can indeed 1DU.INCL for to_fish at ART place PROX
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We cannot fish in this place.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, the morpheme ___ ko nthe morpheme ___gatthe morpheme ___s stativthe morpheme ___ vthe morpheme ___rbs\is{Vthe morpheme ___rb!stativthe morpheme ___}. This includthe morpheme ___s auxiliarithe morpheme ___s likthe morpheme ___ puē\is{puthe morpheme ___ ‘can’@puē ‘can’}, as in \REF{the morpheme ___x:10.132}.
A: word: ¡ka	 gloss: ~IMP
B: word: e	 gloss: IPFV
C: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
D: word: hokotahi	 gloss: alone
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ puē ho\ꞌi tāua mo hī \ꞌi te kona nei.
Gloss (with missing item): IPFV ___ can indeed 1DU.INCL for to_fish at ART place PROX
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We cannot fish in this place.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, e the morpheme ___ negates stative verbs\is{Verb!stative}. This includes auxiliaries like puē\is{pue ‘can’@puē ‘can’}, as in \REF{ex:10.132}.
A: word: koa	 gloss: happy
B: word: nei	 gloss: PROX
C: word: nohoŋa	 gloss: stay:NMLZ
D: word: ko	 gloss: NEG.IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D