cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He haka hū te ___ he tunu he kakai.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR CAUS burn ART ___ NTR cook NTR PL:eat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They kindled the fire, cooked and ate.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: More generally, the accusative marker\is{i (accusative marker)} is frequently omitted when the object is highly predictable. For example, ao ‘serve food’ in \REF{ex:8.41} is naturally used with food as object, and haka hū ‘to light, kindle’ in \REF{ex:8.42} has either a its gloss ___ or an engine as direct object. With both verbs, the accusative marker\is{i (accusative marker)} tends to be omitted:
A: word: ahi	 gloss: fire
B: word: ura	 gloss: flame
C: word: matahiti	 gloss: year
D: word: koe	 gloss: 2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌAi ho\ꞌi ___ taŋata\textsubscripti e ha\ꞌamata era \obe tari era ~\textupØi ki ruŋa i te pahī\,\cb.
Gloss (with missing item): there indeed ___ man IPFV begin DIST {\db}IPFV transport DIST ~ to above at ART ship
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Then the people started to be transported aboard the ship.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In all languages that have passives, the Agent of a passive construction can be omitthe morpheme ___d (\cithe morpheme ___alt[329]{KeenanDryer2007}). In Rapa Nui, agentless passives can be dethe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___d in Patient \is{Subject!raising}raising constructions: \REF{ex:8.55} and \REF{ex:8.56} are agentless counthe morpheme ___rparts of \REF{ex:8.51} and \REF{ex:8.52}, respectively.
A: word: tute	 gloss: chase
B: word: te	 gloss: ART
C: word: mate	 gloss: die
D: word: hānau	 gloss: race
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ku oti \ꞌā ___ nua\textsubscripti \obte kaui Ø\textsubscripti e Nune rāua ko te vārua\,\cb.
Gloss (with missing item): PRF finish CONT ___ cape {\db}ART sew ~ AG Nune 3PL PROM ART spirit
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Nune had finished sewing the cape (or: the cape had finished being sewn by Nune), together with the spirit.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In all languages that have passives, the Agent of a passive construction can be omitthe morpheme ___d (\cithe morpheme ___alt[329]{KeenanDryer2007}). In Rapa Nui, agentless passives can be dethe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___d in Patient \is{Subject!raising}raising constructions: \REF{ex:8.55} and \REF{ex:8.56} are agentless counthe morpheme ___rparts of \REF{ex:8.51} and \REF{ex:8.52}, respectively.
A: word: mate	 gloss: die
B: word: rāua	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: māua	 gloss: 1DU.EXCL
D: word: te	 gloss: ART
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He ha\ꞌamata ___ hoi\textsubscripti \obhe pu\ꞌapu\ꞌa ~Ø\textsubscripti e \ꞌOrohe\,\cb.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR begin ___ horse {\db}NTR beat:RED ~ AG Orohe
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The horse started to be whipped by Orohe.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In all languages that have passives, the Agent of a passive construction can be omitthe morpheme ___d (\cithe morpheme ___alt[329]{KeenanDryer2007}). In Rapa Nui, agentless passives can be dethe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___d in Patient \is{Subject!raising}raising constructions: \REF{ex:8.55} and \REF{ex:8.56} are agentless counthe morpheme ___rparts of \REF{ex:8.51} and \REF{ex:8.52}, respectively.
A: word: te	 gloss: ART
B: word: oono	 gloss: RED:six
C: word: koro	 gloss: Dad
D: word: mate	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He to\ꞌo mai, he haka ___ te kūpeŋa.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR take hither NTR CAUS ___ ART net
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He took the net and folded it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are semantic/pragmatic clues, however. A possible indication is, whether or not the clause has an implied Agent. When the Agent is left out in active clauses, this is usually because it is already known; it is coreferential with a noun phrase in a previous clause. In \REF{ex:8.44} above, here repeated, the identity of the Agent is known, so we may presume that the sentence is active. Moreover, the Agent is topical\is{Topic, topicality}, therefore likely to be the subject. In other words, this example is an active clause with implied Agent:
A: word: omoaŋa	 gloss: Omoanga
B: word: pā	 gloss: double
C: word: māua	 gloss: 1DU.EXCL
D: word: pāpātio	 gloss: uncle
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He to\ꞌo mai, he haka pā ___ kūpeŋa.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR take hither NTR CAUS double ___ net
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He took the net and folded it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are semantic/pragmatic clues, however. A possible indication is, whether or not the clause has an implied Agent. When the Agent is left out in active clauses, this is usually because it is already known; it is coreferential with a noun phrase in a previous clause. In \REF{ex:8.44} above, here repeathe morpheme ___d, the identity of the Agent is known, so we may presume that the senthe morpheme ___nce is active. Moreover, the Agent is topical\is{Topic, topicality}, therefore likely to be the subject. In other words, this example is an active clause with implied Agent:
A: word: te	 gloss: ART
B: word: mate	 gloss: die
C: word: vave	 gloss: wave
D: word: kiko	 gloss: meat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Hora iva ko tari \ꞌā ___ taŋata ki ruŋa ki te pahī.
Gloss (with missing item): hour nine PRF transport CONT ___ man to above to ART ship
The English translation of this sentence is:‘At nine o’clock the people are transported aboard the ship.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Besides this semantic crithe morpheme ___rion, there are also syntactic clues for passivity. Cross-linguistically, there is a correlation between passive voice and perfect aspect\is{Aspect!perfect}.\footnothe morpheme ___{\label{fn:415}See e.g. \cithe morpheme ___t[84]{Comrie1976}; \cithe morpheme ___t[382]{Foley2007}; \cithe morpheme ___t[340]{KeenanDryer2007}; \cithe morpheme ___t[219]{Dixon2012}. Cf. \cithe morpheme ___t{Milner1973}, who argues that the difference between suffixed and unsuffixed verbs in \ili{Samoan} (a distinction usually described as active versus passive) has to do with aspect, not voice.} The perfect aspect\is{Aspect!perfect} focuses on the stathe morpheme ___ resulting from the action, rather than the action itself; similarly, the passive the morpheme ___nds to focus on the result of the activity and its effect on the patient. As it happens, quithe morpheme ___ a few examples of the passive in Rapa Nui are in the perfect aspect\is{Aspect!perfect}, like \REF{ex:8.46}, \REF{ex:8.47} and \REF{ex:8.58} above.
A: word: roaroa	 gloss: distant:RED
B: word: pakia:	 gloss: seal
C: word: te	 gloss: ART
D: word: mate	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Hora iva ko tari \ꞌā te ___ ki ruŋa ki te pahī.
Gloss (with missing item): hour nine PRF transport CONT ART ___ to above to ART ship
The English translation of this sentence is:‘At nine o’clock the people are transported aboard the ship.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Besides this seits gloss ___tic criterion, there are also syntactic clues for passivity. Cross-linguistically, there is a correlation between passive voice and perfect aspect\is{Aspect!perfect}.\footnote{\label{fn:415}See e.g. \citet[84]{Comrie1976}; \citet[382]{Foley2007}; \citet[340]{KeenanDryer2007}; \citet[219]{Dixon2012}. Cf. \citet{Milner1973}, who argues that the difference between suffixed and unsuffixed verbs in \ili{Samoan} (a distinction usually described as active versus passive) has to do with aspect, not voice.} The perfect aspect\is{Aspect!perfect} focuses on the state resulting from the action, rather than the action itself; similarly, the passive tends to focus on the result of the activity and its effect on the patient. As it happens, quite a few examples of the passive in Rapa Nui are in the perfect aspect\is{Aspect!perfect}, like \REF{ex:8.46}, \REF{ex:8.47} and \REF{ex:8.58} above.
A: word: haraoa	 gloss: bread
B: word: taŋata;	 gloss: person
C: word: taŋata	 gloss: man
D: word: roaroa	 gloss: distant:RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Hora iva ko tari \ꞌā ___ taŋata ki ruŋa ki te pahī.
Gloss (with missing item): hour nine PRF transport CONT ___ man to above to ART ship
The English translation of this sentence is:‘At nine o’clock the people are transported aboard the ship.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, a syntactic indication for passivisation in \REF{ex:8.58} is the fact that the Patient does not have accusative marking. In general, the accusative marker is obligatory in VO-clauses with human Patient.
A: word: mate	 gloss: die
B: word: koe	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: ararua	 gloss: the_two
D: word: te	 gloss: ART
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 61:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Hora iva ko tari \ꞌā te ___ ki ruŋa ki te pahī.
Gloss (with missing item): hour nine PRF transport CONT ART ___ to above to ART ship
The English translation of this sentence is:‘At nine o’clock the people are transported aboard the ship.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, a syntactic indication for passivisation in \REF{ex:8.58} is the fact that the Patient does not have accusative marking. In general, the accusative marker is obligatory in VO-clauses with huits gloss ___ Patient.
A: word: taŋata;	 gloss: person
B: word: ahi	 gloss: fire
C: word: suerekao	 gloss: governor
D: word: taŋata	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 62:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Hai oho iŋa nei ko \ꞌī \ꞌā te motu nei ___ te iŋoiŋo. \ꞌE te vai, ko \ꞌī \ꞌā e te me\ꞌe \ꞌi\ꞌino.
Gloss (with missing item): INS go NMLZ PROX PRF full CONT ART island PROX ___ ART dirty and ART water PRF full CONT AG ART thing PL:bad
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When this happens, this island will be full of pollution. And the water will be full of bad things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \subparagraph{\rthe morpheme ___f{sthe morpheme ___c:8.5.3}.1} Ththe morpheme ___ vthe morpheme ___rb \tthe morpheme ___xtit{{\ꞌ}ī} ‘to bthe morpheme ___ full’ has two possiblthe morpheme ___ argumthe morpheme ___nt structurthe morpheme ___s: ththe morpheme ___ subjthe morpheme ___ct the morpheme ___iththe morpheme ___r the morpheme ___xprthe morpheme ___ssthe morpheme ___s ththe morpheme ___ fillthe morpheme ___d the morpheme ___ntity (ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r) as in \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.63}, or ththe morpheme ___ filling the morpheme ___ntity (ththe morpheme ___ Substancthe morpheme ___) as in \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.64}.\footnotthe morpheme ___{\labthe morpheme ___l{fn:417}Whilthe morpheme ___ this altthe morpheme ___rnating argumthe morpheme ___nt structurthe morpheme ___ is not uncommon for vthe morpheme ___rbs mthe morpheme ___aning ‘full’ in Polynthe morpheme ___sian (Ross Clark, p.c.), in Rapa Nui it rthe morpheme ___prthe morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___nts an indthe morpheme ___pthe morpheme ___ndthe morpheme ___nt dthe morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___lopmthe morpheme ___nt: \tthe morpheme ___xtit{{\ꞌ}ī} was borrowthe morpheme ___d from \ili{Tahitian}\is{Tahitian influthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___}, whthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r is always subjthe morpheme ___ct and ththe morpheme ___ Substancthe morpheme ___ is markthe morpheme ___d with ththe morpheme ___ multifunctional prthe morpheme ___position i.} Whthe morpheme ___n ththe morpheme ___ Substancthe morpheme ___ is subjthe morpheme ___ct, ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r may bthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___xprthe morpheme ___ssthe morpheme ___d as a locativthe morpheme ___ phrasthe morpheme ___ (\tthe morpheme ___xtit{{\ꞌ}i rotthe morpheme ___ vai} in \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.65}).
A: word: e	 gloss: AG
B: word: tiare	 gloss: flower
C: word: tāua	 gloss: 1DU.INCL
D: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 63:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Hai oho iŋa nei ko \ꞌī \ꞌā te motu nei e te iŋoiŋo. \ꞌE te vai, ko \ꞌī \ꞌā ___ te me\ꞌe \ꞌi\ꞌino.
Gloss (with missing item): INS go NMLZ PROX PRF full CONT ART island PROX AG ART dirty and ART water PRF full CONT ___ ART thing PL:bad
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When this happens, this island will be full of pollution. And the water will be full of bad things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \subparagraph{\rthe morpheme ___f{sthe morpheme ___c:8.5.3}.1} Ththe morpheme ___ vthe morpheme ___rb \tthe morpheme ___xtit{{\ꞌ}ī} ‘to bthe morpheme ___ full’ has two possiblthe morpheme ___ argumthe morpheme ___nt structurthe morpheme ___s: ththe morpheme ___ subjthe morpheme ___ct the morpheme ___iththe morpheme ___r the morpheme ___xprthe morpheme ___ssthe morpheme ___s ththe morpheme ___ fillthe morpheme ___d the morpheme ___ntity (ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r) as in \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.63}, or ththe morpheme ___ filling the morpheme ___ntity (ththe morpheme ___ Substancthe morpheme ___) as in \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.64}.\footnotthe morpheme ___{\labthe morpheme ___l{fn:417}Whilthe morpheme ___ this altthe morpheme ___rnating argumthe morpheme ___nt structurthe morpheme ___ is not uncommon for vthe morpheme ___rbs mthe morpheme ___aning ‘full’ in Polynthe morpheme ___sian (Ross Clark, p.c.), in Rapa Nui it rthe morpheme ___prthe morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___nts an indthe morpheme ___pthe morpheme ___ndthe morpheme ___nt dthe morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___lopmthe morpheme ___nt: \tthe morpheme ___xtit{{\ꞌ}ī} was borrowthe morpheme ___d from \ili{Tahitian}\is{Tahitian influthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___}, whthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r is always subjthe morpheme ___ct and ththe morpheme ___ Substancthe morpheme ___ is markthe morpheme ___d with ththe morpheme ___ multifunctional prthe morpheme ___position i.} Whthe morpheme ___n ththe morpheme ___ Substancthe morpheme ___ is subjthe morpheme ___ct, ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r may bthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___xprthe morpheme ___ssthe morpheme ___d as a locativthe morpheme ___ phrasthe morpheme ___ (\tthe morpheme ___xtit{{\ꞌ}i rotthe morpheme ___ vai} in \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.65}).
A: word: ika	 gloss: fish
B: word: e	 gloss: AG
C: word: hānau	 gloss: race
D: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 64:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Hai oho iŋa nei ko \ꞌī \ꞌā te motu nei ___ te iŋoiŋo. \ꞌE te vai, ko \ꞌī \ꞌā e te me\ꞌe \ꞌi\ꞌino.
Gloss (with missing item): INS go NMLZ PROX PRF full CONT ART island PROX ___ ART dirty and ART water PRF full CONT AG ART thing PL:bad
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When this happens, this island will be full of pollution. And the water will be full of bad things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.65} can bthe morpheme ___ considthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___d as a kind of passivisation\is{Passivthe morpheme ___} of ththe morpheme ___ construction in \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.64}: ththe morpheme ___ Substancthe morpheme ___, in \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.64} the morpheme ___xprthe morpheme ___ssthe morpheme ___d as subjthe morpheme ___ct, is dthe morpheme ___motthe morpheme ___d to an the morpheme ___{}-markthe morpheme ___d obliquthe morpheme ___ noun phrasthe morpheme ___, whilthe morpheme ___ ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r bthe morpheme ___comthe morpheme ___s subjthe morpheme ___ct. Ththe morpheme ___ diffthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ with rthe morpheme ___gular passivisation\is{Passivthe morpheme ___} is, that ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r subjthe morpheme ___ct is not ththe morpheme ___ original dirthe morpheme ___ct objthe morpheme ___ct: in construction \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.64}, ththe morpheme ___ Containthe morpheme ___r can only bthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___xprthe morpheme ___ssthe morpheme ___d as an obliquthe morpheme ___, not as dirthe morpheme ___ct objthe morpheme ___ct. In this rthe morpheme ___spthe morpheme ___ct, \REF{the morpheme ___x:8.65} is vthe morpheme ___ry similar to ththe morpheme ___ psthe morpheme ___udopassivthe morpheme ___\is{Psthe morpheme ___udopassivthe morpheme ___} construction discussthe morpheme ___d in ththe morpheme ___ prthe morpheme ___vious sthe morpheme ___ction; ththe morpheme ___ diffthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ is, that unlikthe morpheme ___ ththe morpheme ___ psthe morpheme ___udopassivthe morpheme ___\is{Psthe morpheme ___udopassivthe morpheme ___} the morpheme ___xamplthe morpheme ___s, ththe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___{}-markthe morpheme ___d noun phrasthe morpheme ___ dothe morpheme ___s not havthe morpheme ___ an agthe morpheme ___ntivthe morpheme ___ rolthe morpheme ___.
A: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
B: word: rakerake	 gloss: bad:RED
C: word: pērīkura	 gloss: movie
D: word: e	 gloss: AG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D