cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 108:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He ___ he oho he ruku i te ika mo te hora kai.
Gloss (with missing item): PRED ___ NTR go NTR dive ACC ART fish for ART time eat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(The women sat down to cook the food.) The men went diving for fish for lunch.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with he{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} ko{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to the hearer; in other words, the exact referent of the ko{}-marked subject has been introduced in the preceding context. By contrast, the he{}-marked subjects in the examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though the hearer can infer their existence from the context, they have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, the context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to the sentence quoted here, the men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, the preceding sentences tell about the birth of two boys; the hearer can infer the existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in the sentence quoted here that each boy is singled out. In both cases, the referent of the he{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with ko{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both mother and Tiare play a role in the preceding context.
A: word: taŋata	 gloss: man
B: word: vave	 gloss: wave
C: word: māhina	 gloss: Mahina
D: word: taŋata;	 gloss: person
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 109:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ matahiapo i mate, he haŋupotu i ora.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ firstborn PFV die PRED lastborn PFV live
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(Two boys were born.) The eldest died, the youngest survived.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with the morpheme ___{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} ko{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___arer; in otthe morpheme ___r words, tthe morpheme ___ exact referent of tthe morpheme ___ ko{}-marked subject has been introduced in tthe morpheme ___ preceding context. By contrast, tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___{}-marked subjects in tthe morpheme ___ examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___arer can infer tthe morpheme ___ir existence from tthe morpheme ___ context, tthe morpheme ___y have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, tthe morpheme ___ context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to tthe morpheme ___ sentence quoted the morpheme ___re, tthe morpheme ___ men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, tthe morpheme ___ preceding sentences tell about tthe morpheme ___ birth of two boys; tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___arer can infer tthe morpheme ___ existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in tthe morpheme ___ sentence quoted the morpheme ___re that each boy is singled out. In both cases, tthe morpheme ___ referent of tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with ko{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both motthe morpheme ___r and Tiare play a role in tthe morpheme ___ preceding context.
A: word: ¿he	 gloss: ~PRED
B: word: hana	 gloss: Hana
C: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
D: word: he	 gloss: PRED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 110:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He ___ i mate, he haŋupotu i ora.
Gloss (with missing item): PRED ___ PFV die PRED lastborn PFV live
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(Two boys were born.) The eldest died, the youngest survived.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with he{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} ko{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to the hearer; in other words, the exact referent of the ko{}-marked subject has been introduced in the preceding context. By contrast, the he{}-marked subjects in the examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though the hearer can infer their existence from the context, they have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, the context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to the sentence quoted here, the men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, the preceding sentences tell about the birth of two boys; the hearer can infer the existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in the sentence quoted here that each boy is singled out. In both cases, the referent of the he{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with ko{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both mother and Tiare play a role in the preceding context.
A: word: matahiti	 gloss: year
B: word: matahiapo	 gloss: firstborn
C: word: ahiahi	 gloss: afternoon
D: word: haŋupotu	 gloss: lastborn
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 111:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He matahiapo i mate, ___ haŋupotu i ora.
Gloss (with missing item): PRED firstborn PFV die ___ lastborn PFV live
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(Two boys were born.) The eldest died, the youngest survived.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with the morpheme ___{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} ko{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___arer; in otthe morpheme ___r words, tthe morpheme ___ exact referent of tthe morpheme ___ ko{}-marked subject has been introduced in tthe morpheme ___ preceding context. By contrast, tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___{}-marked subjects in tthe morpheme ___ examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___arer can infer tthe morpheme ___ir existence from tthe morpheme ___ context, tthe morpheme ___y have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, tthe morpheme ___ context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to tthe morpheme ___ sentence quoted the morpheme ___re, tthe morpheme ___ men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, tthe morpheme ___ preceding sentences tell about tthe morpheme ___ birth of two boys; tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___arer can infer tthe morpheme ___ existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in tthe morpheme ___ sentence quoted the morpheme ___re that each boy is singled out. In both cases, tthe morpheme ___ referent of tthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with ko{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both motthe morpheme ___r and Tiare play a role in tthe morpheme ___ preceding context.
A: word: nua	 gloss: Mum
B: word: he	 gloss: PRED
C: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
D: word: ¿he	 gloss: ~PRED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He matahiapo i mate, he ___ i ora.
Gloss (with missing item): PRED firstborn PFV die PRED ___ PFV live
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(Two boys were born.) The eldest died, the youngest survived.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with he{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} ko{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to the hearer; in other words, the exact referent of the ko{}-marked subject has been introduced in the preceding context. By contrast, the he{}-marked subjects in the examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though the hearer can infer their existence from the context, they have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, the context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to the sentence quoted here, the men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, the preceding sentences tell about the birth of two boys; the hearer can infer the existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in the sentence quoted here that each boy is singled out. In both cases, the referent of the he{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with ko{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both mother and Tiare play a role in the preceding context.
A: word: tahi	 gloss: one
B: word: haŋupotu	 gloss: lastborn
C: word: haŋu	 gloss: strength
D: word: matahiapo	 gloss: firstborn
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ nua he to\ꞌo i te huri mo hao... Ko Tiare i ma\ꞌu i te karu mautini mo \ꞌoka.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ Mum NTR take ACC ART banana_shoot for plant PROM Tiare PFV carry ACC ART seed pumpkin for plant
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Mum takes the banana shoots to plant... Tiare has brought the pumpkin seeds to plant.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with he{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} the morpheme ___{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to the hearer; in other words, the exact referent of the the morpheme ___{}-marked subject has been introduced in the preceding context. By contrast, the he{}-marked subjects in the examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though the hearer can infer their existence from the context, they have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, the context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to the sentence quoted here, the men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, the preceding sentences tell about the birth of two boys; the hearer can infer the existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in the sentence quoted here that each boy is singled out. In both cases, the referent of the he{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with the morpheme ___{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both mother and Tiare play a role in the preceding context.
A: word: ko	 gloss: PROM
B: word: ture	 gloss: judgment
C: word: koa	 gloss: happy
D: word: oho	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ko ___ he to\ꞌo i te huri mo hao... Ko Tiare i ma\ꞌu i te karu mautini mo \ꞌoka.
Gloss (with missing item): PROM ___ NTR take ACC ART banana_shoot for plant PROM Tiare PFV carry ACC ART seed pumpkin for plant
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Mum takes the banana shoots to plant... Tiare has brought the pumpkin seeds to plant.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with he{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} ko{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to the hearer; in other words, the exact referent of the ko{}-marked subject has been introduced in the preceding context. By contrast, the he{}-marked subjects in the examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though the hearer can infer their existence from the context, they have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, the context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to the sentence quoted here, the men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, the preceding sentences tell about the birth of two boys; the hearer can infer the existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in the sentence quoted here that each boy is singled out. In both cases, the referent of the he{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with ko{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both mother and Tiare play a role in the preceding context.
A: word: henua	 gloss: land
B: word: era	 gloss: DIST
C: word: māmā	 gloss: mother
D: word: nua	 gloss: Mum
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ko nua he to\ꞌo i te huri mo hao... ___ Tiare i ma\ꞌu i te karu mautini mo \ꞌoka.
Gloss (with missing item): PROM Mum NTR take ACC ART banana_shoot for plant ___ Tiare PFV carry ACC ART seed pumpkin for plant
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Mum takes the banana shoots to plant... Tiare has brought the pumpkin seeds to plant.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with he{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} the morpheme ___{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to the hearer; in other words, the exact referent of the the morpheme ___{}-marked subject has been introduced in the preceding context. By contrast, the he{}-marked subjects in the examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though the hearer can infer their existence from the context, they have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, the context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to the sentence quoted here, the men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, the preceding sentences tell about the birth of two boys; the hearer can infer the existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in the sentence quoted here that each boy is singled out. In both cases, the referent of the he{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with the morpheme ___{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both mother and Tiare play a role in the preceding context.
A: word: ruŋa	 gloss: above
B: word: ko	 gloss: PROM
C: word: ono	 gloss: six
D: word: koa	 gloss: happy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ko nua he to\ꞌo i te huri mo hao... Ko ___ i ma\ꞌu i te karu mautini mo \ꞌoka.
Gloss (with missing item): PROM Mum NTR take ACC ART banana_shoot for plant PROM ___ PFV carry ACC ART seed pumpkin for plant
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Mum takes the banana shoots to plant... Tiare has brought the pumpkin seeds to plant.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In fact, clauses with he{}-marked subjects are very similar to clauses with topicalised\is{Topicalisation} ko{}-marked subjects (\sectref{sec:8.6.2.1}). Ko{}-marked topicalisations refer to individuated entities (a single referent or a clearly defined group) which are accessible\is{Accessibility} to the hearer; in other words, the exact referent of the ko{}-marked subject has been introduced in the preceding context. By contrast, the he{}-marked subjects in the examples above are not accessible as individuated entities. Even though the hearer can infer their existence from the context, they have not been mentioned as such. In \REF{ex:8.93}, the context tells about a group of people – men, women and children – who go on an outing; prior to the sentence quoted here, the men have not been mentioned separately. Similarly, in \REF{ex:8.95}, the preceding sentences tell about the birth of two boys; the hearer can infer the existence of an oldest and a youngest boy, but it is only in the sentence quoted here that each boy is singled out. In both cases, the referent of the he{}-marked noun phrase is not accessible\is{Accessibility} as such, as it has only been introduced as undefined part of a larger group. By contrast, subjects topicalised\is{Topicalisation} with ko{}-marking are always accessible as individual referents; for example in \REF{ex:8.81} above, both mother and its gloss ___ play a role in the preceding context.
A: word: siera	 gloss: sawfish
B: word: haŋupotu	 gloss: lastborn
C: word: tiare;	 gloss: flower
D: word: tiare	 gloss: Tiare
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ tō\ꞌona matu\ꞌa i aŋa i te hare nei mo Puakiva.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ POSS.3SG.O parent PFV make ACC ART house PROX for Puakiva
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It was her father who made this house for Puakiva.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As these examples shthe morpheme ___w, the Patient either fthe morpheme ___llthe morpheme ___ws the morpheme ___r precedes the verb. When it fthe morpheme ___llthe morpheme ___ws the verb as in \REF{ex:8.96}, it is i{}-marked; when it precedes the verb as in \REF{ex:8.97}, it is unmarked. This cthe morpheme ___rrespthe morpheme ___nds tthe morpheme ___ the general pattern the morpheme ___f the morpheme ___bject marking in Rapa Nui (\sectref{sec:8.4.1}), sthe morpheme ___ there are gthe morpheme ___the morpheme ___d reasthe morpheme ___ns tthe morpheme ___ cthe morpheme ___nsider the Patient as direct the morpheme ___bject in either pthe morpheme ___sitithe morpheme ___n.
A: word: aŋa	 gloss: work
B: word: haho	 gloss: outside
C: word: hakapupa	 gloss: nest
D: word: o	 gloss: of
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D