cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 278:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He haka tike\ꞌa ki a ___ Ira i tō\ꞌona kahu huruhuru.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR CAUS see to PROP ___ Ira ACC POSS.3SG.O clothes feather
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He showed (=caused to see) Tuhi Ira his feather coat.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All the examples so far involve intransitive\is{Verb!intransitive} predicates; with these predicates, the original subject (the causee) is demoted to direct object (DO), while the causative\is{Causative} Agent occupies the subject position. Now when the root is a transitive\is{Verb!transitive} verb, the DO position is already occupied.\footnote{\label{fn:455}Languages employ various strategies in this case; \citet[256 263]{Dixon2012} lists five.} In that case, the original direct object remains the direct object; the causee is expressed as oblique\is{Oblique}, marked with the preposition ki. This happens whether the DO is expressed as in (\ref{ex:8.233}–\ref{ex:8.234}),\footnote{\label{fn:456}In \REF{ex:8.233} the object is preverbal, therefore it does not have the \textsc{acc} marker (\sectref{sec:8.4.1}).} or implied as in \REF{ex:8.235}.
A: word: kahu	 gloss: clothes
B: word: tuhi	 gloss: Tuhi
C: word: tuki	 gloss: dot
D: word: tūpāhotu	 gloss: Tupahotu
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 279:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He haka tike\ꞌa ki a Tuhi ___ i tō\ꞌona kahu huruhuru.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR CAUS see to PROP Tuhi ___ ACC POSS.3SG.O clothes feather
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He showed (=caused to see) Tuhi Ira his feather coat.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All the examples so far involve intransitive\is{Verb!intransitive} predicates; with these predicates, the original subject (the causee) is demoted to direct object (DO), while the causative\is{Causative} Agent occupies the subject position. Now when the root is a transitive\is{Verb!transitive} verb, the DO position is already occupied.\footnote{\label{fn:455}Languages employ various strategies in this case; \citet[256 263]{Dixon2012} lists five.} In that case, the original direct object remains the direct object; the causee is expressed as oblique\is{Oblique}, marked with the preposition ki. This happens whether the DO is expressed as in (\ref{ex:8.233}–\ref{ex:8.234}),\footnote{\label{fn:456}In \REF{ex:8.233} the object is preverbal, therefore it does not have the \textsc{acc} marker (\sectref{sec:8.4.1}).} or implied as in \REF{ex:8.235}.
A: word: ora	 gloss: live
B: word: ira	 gloss: Ira
C: word: puakiva	 gloss: Puakiva
D: word: ketu	 gloss: raise
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 280:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ta\ꞌato\ꞌa me\ꞌe rakerake e haka aŋa era ___ a Puakiva.
Gloss (with missing item): all thing bad:RED IPFV CAUS do DIST ___ PROP Puakiva
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He made Puakiva do all bad jobs.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All the examples so far involve intransitive\is{Verb!intransitive} predicates; with these predicates, the original subject (the causee) is demoted its gloss ___ direct object (DO), while the causative\is{Causative} Agent occupies the subject position. Now when the root is a transitive\is{Verb!transitive} verb, the DO position is already occupied.\footnote{\label{fn:455}Languages employ various strategies in this case; \citet[256 263]{Dixon2012} lists five.} In that case, the original direct object remains the direct object; the causee is expressed as oblique\is{Oblique}, marked with the preposition the morpheme ___. This happens whether the DO is expressed as in (\ref{ex:8.233}–\ref{ex:8.234}),\footnote{\label{fn:456}In \REF{ex:8.233} the object is preverbal, therefore it does not have the \textsc{acc} marker (\sectref{sec:8.4.1}).} or implied as in \REF{ex:8.235}.
A: word: ¿ki	 gloss: ~to
B: word: ¿hoko	 gloss: ~NUM.PERS
C: word: ki	 gloss: to
D: word: hare	 gloss: house
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 281:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ta\ꞌato\ꞌa me\ꞌe rakerake e haka aŋa era ki ___ Puakiva.
Gloss (with missing item): all thing bad:RED IPFV CAUS do DIST to ___ Puakiva
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He made Puakiva do all bad jobs.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All the exthe morpheme ___mples so fthe morpheme ___r involve intrthe morpheme ___nsitive\is{Verb!intrthe morpheme ___nsitive} predicthe morpheme ___tes; with these predicthe morpheme ___tes, the originthe morpheme ___l subject (the cthe morpheme ___usee) is demoted to direct object (DO), while the cthe morpheme ___usthe morpheme ___tive\is{Cthe morpheme ___usthe morpheme ___tive} Agent occupies the subject position. Now when the root is the morpheme ___ trthe morpheme ___nsitive\is{Verb!trthe morpheme ___nsitive} verb, the DO position is the morpheme ___lrethe morpheme ___dy occupied.\footnote{\lthe morpheme ___bel{fn:455}Lthe morpheme ___nguthe morpheme ___ges employ vthe morpheme ___rious strthe morpheme ___tegies in this cthe morpheme ___se; \citet[256 263]{Dixon2012} lists five.} In ththe morpheme ___t cthe morpheme ___se, the originthe morpheme ___l direct object remthe morpheme ___ins the direct object; the cthe morpheme ___usee is expressed the morpheme ___s oblique\is{Oblique}, mthe morpheme ___rked with the preposition ki. This hthe morpheme ___ppens whether the DO is expressed the morpheme ___s in (\ref{ex:8.233}–\ref{ex:8.234}),\footnote{\lthe morpheme ___bel{fn:456}In \REF{ex:8.233} the object is preverbthe morpheme ___l, therefore it does not hthe morpheme ___ve the \textsc{the morpheme ___cc} mthe morpheme ___rker (\sectref{sec:8.4.1}).} or implied the morpheme ___s in \REF{ex:8.235}.
A: word: tāua	 gloss: 1DU.INCL
B: word: hereveri	 gloss: Hereveri
C: word: a	 gloss: PROP
D: word: haho	 gloss: outside
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 282:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He to\ꞌo mai te matu\ꞌa i te raŋo... He haka \ꞌamo ___ te taŋata.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR take hither ART parent ACC ART support NTR CAUS carry ___ ART man
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The father took the stretcher... He made the men carry (it).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All the examples so far involve intransitive\is{Verb!intransitive} predicates; with these predicates, the original subject (the causee) is demoted its gloss ___ direct object (DO), while the causative\is{Causative} Agent occupies the subject position. Now when the root is a transitive\is{Verb!transitive} verb, the DO position is already occupied.\footnote{\label{fn:455}Languages employ various strategies in this case; \citet[256 263]{Dixon2012} lists five.} In that case, the original direct object remains the direct object; the causee is expressed as oblique\is{Oblique}, marked with the preposition the morpheme ___. This happens whether the DO is expressed as in (\ref{ex:8.233}–\ref{ex:8.234}),\footnote{\label{fn:456}In \REF{ex:8.233} the object is preverbal, therefore it does not have the \textsc{acc} marker (\sectref{sec:8.4.1}).} or implied as in \REF{ex:8.235}.
A: word: rua	 gloss: two
B: word: koe	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: ¿ki	 gloss: ~to
D: word: ki	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 283:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He to\ꞌo mai te matu\ꞌa i te raŋo... He haka \ꞌamo ki ___ taŋata.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR take hither ART parent ACC ART support NTR CAUS carry to ___ man
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The father took the stretcher... He made the men carry (it).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All the examples so far involve intransitive\is{Verb!intransitive} predicathe morpheme ___s; with these predicathe morpheme ___s, the original subject (the causee) is demothe morpheme ___d to direct object (DO), while the causative\is{Causative} Agent occupies the subject position. Now when the root is a transitive\is{Verb!transitive} verb, the DO position is already occupied.\footnothe morpheme ___{\label{fn:455}Languages employ various strathe morpheme ___gies in this case; \cithe morpheme ___t[256 263]{Dixon2012} lists five.} In that case, the original direct object remains the direct object; the causee is expressed as oblique\is{Oblique}, marked with the preposition ki. This happens whether the DO is expressed as in (\ref{ex:8.233}–\ref{ex:8.234}),\footnothe morpheme ___{\label{fn:456}In \REF{ex:8.233} the object is preverbal, therefore it does not have the \the morpheme ___xtsc{acc} marker (\sectref{sec:8.4.1}).} or implied as in \REF{ex:8.235}.
A: word: mate	 gloss: die
B: word: te	 gloss: ART
C: word: huru	 gloss: manner
D: word: ira	 gloss: ANA
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 284:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ...mo haka mana\ꞌu atu ___ a koe ki tū vānaŋa kī mai era e koe ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): ~~~for CAUS think away ___ PROP 2SG to DEM word say hither DIST AG 2SG to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(We came) to remind you of the words you said to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same happens when the root is a middle verb which takes a direct object introduced by the morpheme ___; see the discussion about \REF{ex:8.129} in \sectref{sec:8.6.4.2}.
A: word: hāipoipo	 gloss: marry
B: word: ki	 gloss: to
C: word: taŋata	 gloss: person
D: word: ¿ki	 gloss: ~to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 285:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ...mo haka mana\ꞌu atu ki ___ koe ki tū vānaŋa kī mai era e koe ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): ~~~for CAUS think away to ___ 2SG to DEM word say hither DIST AG 2SG to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(We came) to remind you of the words you said to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The sthe morpheme ___me hthe morpheme ___ppens when the root is the morpheme ___ middle verb which tthe morpheme ___kes the morpheme ___ direct object introduced by ki; see the discussion the morpheme ___bout \REF{ex:8.129} in \sectref{sec:8.6.4.2}.
A: word: haho	 gloss: outside
B: word: a	 gloss: PROP
C: word: māua	 gloss: 1DU.EXCL
D: word: mahana	 gloss: day
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 286:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ...mo haka mana\ꞌu atu ki a ___ ki tū vānaŋa kī mai era e koe ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): ~~~for CAUS think away to PROP ___ to DEM word say hither DIST AG 2SG to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(We came) to remind you of the words you said to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same happens when the root is a middle verb which takes a direct object introduced by ki; see the discussion about \REF{ex:8.129} in \sectref{sec:8.6.4.2}.
A: word: au:	 gloss: 1SG
B: word: māhina	 gloss: Mahina
C: word: koe;	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: koe	 gloss: 2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 287:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Rā pau era mo ___ roaroa i te pista mo rāua \ꞌā e aŋa.
Gloss (with missing item): DIST cost DIST for ___ long:RED ACC ART airstrip for 3PL IDENT IPFV do
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The cost for lengthening\is{Vowel!lengthening} the airstrip, they will pay it themselves.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same phenomenon can be observed with adjectives. While the morpheme ___ + adjective may be a true causative\is{Causative}, expressing that the property is brought about by an external Agent (see (\ref{ex:8.228}–\ref{ex:8.229}) above), it may also express that the subject reaches a state or acquires a property through intentional action. A few examples:
A: word: haka	 gloss: CAUS
B: word: kai	 gloss: food
C: word: kava	 gloss: Kava
D: word: hakapupa	 gloss: nest
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 288:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Rā pau era mo haka ___ i te pista mo rāua \ꞌā e aŋa.
Gloss (with missing item): DIST cost DIST for CAUS ___ ACC ART airstrip for 3PL IDENT IPFV do
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The cost for lengthening\is{Vowel!lengthening} the airstrip, they will pay it themselves.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same phenomenon can be observed with adjectives. While haka + adjective may be a true causative\is{Causative}, expressing that the property is brought about by an external Agent (see (\ref{ex:8.228}–\ref{ex:8.229}) above), it may also express that the subject reaches a state or acquires a property through intentional action. A few examples:
A: word: roaroa	 gloss: long:RED
B: word: hare	 gloss: house
C: word: aroaro	 gloss: lining
D: word: ¿pē	 gloss: ~like
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 289:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌIna ko ___ rakerake te tātou mahana.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG NEG.IPFV ___ bad:RED ART 1PL.INCL day
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Don’t spoil our day.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same phenomenon can be observed with adjectives. While the morpheme ___ + adjective may be a true causative\is{Causative}, expressing that the property is brought about by an external Agent (see (\ref{ex:8.228}–\ref{ex:8.229}) above), it may also express that the subject reaches a state or acquires a property through intentional action. A few examples:
A: word: hakapupa	 gloss: nest
B: word: haka	 gloss: CAUS
C: word: poki	 gloss: child
D: word: kava	 gloss: Kava
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 290:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌIna ko haka ___ te tātou mahana.
Gloss (with missing item): NEG NEG.IPFV CAUS ___ ART 1PL.INCL day
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Don’t spoil our day.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same phenomenon can be observed with adjectives. While haka + adjective may be a true causative\is{Causative}, expressing that the property is brought about by an external Agent (see (\ref{ex:8.228}–\ref{ex:8.229}) above), it may also express that the subject reaches a state or acquires a property through intentional action. A few examples:
A: word: ririva	 gloss: good:RED
B: word: rakerake	 gloss: bad:RED
C: word: tokerau	 gloss: wind
D: word: hānau	 gloss: race
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 291:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Te tire e haŋa rō \ꞌā mo ___ \ꞌata māramarama i a rāua.
Gloss (with missing item): ART Chile IPFV want EMPH IDENT for ___ more intelligent ACC PROP 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The Chileans want to pass themselves off as smarter.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Haka + adjective or adverb\is{Adverb} may also indicate that the subject acts in a way characterised by the root. As \REF{ex:8.250} shows, this may involve simulating a certain characteristic.\footnote{\label{fn:457}Cf. \citet[14]{Moyle2011} about “similative use” of the causative prefix in \ili{Takuu}.}
A: word: hakapupa	 gloss: nest
B: word: kava	 gloss: Kava
C: word: haka	 gloss: CAUS
D: word: ¿ki	 gloss: ~to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 292:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Te tire e haŋa rō \ꞌā mo haka \ꞌata ___ i a rāua.
Gloss (with missing item): ART Chile IPFV want EMPH IDENT for CAUS more ___ ACC PROP 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The Chileans want to pass themselves off as smarter.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Haka + adjective or adverb\is{Adverb} may also indicate that the subject acts in a way characterised by the root. As \REF{ex:8.250} shows, this may involve simulating a certain characteristic.\footnote{\label{fn:457}Cf. \citet[14]{Moyle2011} about “similative use” of the causative prefix in \ili{Takuu}.}
A: word: científico	 gloss: scientist
B: word: māramarama	 gloss: intelligent
C: word: pūai	 gloss: strong
D: word: marama	 gloss: month
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 293:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ko haka_tiu \ꞌā te repa mai \ꞌuta ki te vaikava mo ___ aŋiaŋi ana ai ko tano \ꞌā mo hakahonu.
Gloss (with missing item): PRF watch CONT ART young_man from inland to ART sea for ___ certain:RED IRR exist PRF correct CONT for bodysurf
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The young men observe the sea to make sure whether the conditions are fit for surfing.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another example is found in \REF{ex:8.248} above: the morpheme ___ honu ‘bodysurfing’ is a lexicalised causative\is{Causative} from honu ‘turtle’. The same sentence also contains the verb the morpheme ___tiu ‘to watch’; even though this is formally a causative, there is no word tiu in the Rapa Nui lexicon. There are a few more the morpheme ___ forms for which the root as such is not a Rapa Nui word. This includes two very common words: \textit{\mbox{the morpheme ___{\ꞌ}ou}} ‘again’, the morpheme ___rē ‘to leave (abandon; permit)’.
A: word: haka	 gloss: CAUS
B: word: hakapupa	 gloss: nest
C: word: rāua	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: kava	 gloss: Kava
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A