cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He pōrekoreko ___ ŋā poki \ꞌi Tāhai.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR born:RED ___ PL child at Tahai
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Children were born in Tahai.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Polynesian languages are known to be very flexible in use of nouns and verbs: many words seem to be used both as nouns and verbs. This is also true for Rapa Nui. In \REF{ex:3.1} below, poki ‘child’ occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article the morpheme ___) which is subject of the clause; in \REF{ex:3.2}, it occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the imperfective marker\is{Aspect marker} e) which is the clause predicathe morpheme ___:
A: word: te	 gloss: ART
B: word: vari	 gloss: Vari
C: word: reka	 gloss: entertaining
D: word: mate	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He pōrekoreko te ___ poki \ꞌi Tāhai.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR born:RED ART ___ child at Tahai
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Children were born in Tahai.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Polynesian languages are known to be very flexible in use of nouns and verbs: many words seem to be used both as nouns and verbs. This is also true for Rapa Nui. In \REF{ex:3.1} below, poki ‘child’ occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te) which is subject of the clause; in \REF{ex:3.2}, it occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the imperfective marker\is{Aspect marker} e) which is the clause predicate:
A: word: noema	 gloss: November
B: word: turu	 gloss: go_down
C: word: ŋā	 gloss: PL
D: word: ŋāŋata	 gloss: men
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He pōrekoreko te ŋā ___ \ꞌi Tāhai.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR born:RED ART PL ___ at Tahai
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Children were born in Tahai.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Polynesian languages are known to be very flexible in use of nouns and verbs: many words seem to be used both as nouns and verbs. This is also true for Rapa Nui. In \REF{ex:3.1} below, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te) which is subject of the clause; in \REF{ex:3.2}, it occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the imperfective marker\is{Aspect marker} e) which is the clause predicate:
A: word: hia	 gloss: yet
B: word: uka	 gloss: girl
C: word: —poki	 gloss: ~~~child
D: word: poki	 gloss: child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mai te hora era ō\ꞌoku ___ poki nō \ꞌana...
Gloss (with missing item): from ART time DIST POSS.3SG.O ___ child just CONT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘From the time when I was a child...’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Polynthe morpheme ___sian languagthe morpheme ___s arthe morpheme ___ known to bthe morpheme ___ vthe morpheme ___ry flthe morpheme ___xiblthe morpheme ___ in usthe morpheme ___ of nouns and vthe morpheme ___rbs: many words sthe morpheme ___the morpheme ___m to bthe morpheme ___ usthe morpheme ___d both as nouns and vthe morpheme ___rbs. This is also truthe morpheme ___ for Rapa Nui. In \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.1} bthe morpheme ___low, poki ‘child’ occurs in a noun phrasthe morpheme ___ (prthe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___dthe morpheme ___d by ththe morpheme ___ articlthe morpheme ___ tthe morpheme ___) which is subjthe morpheme ___ct of ththe morpheme ___ clausthe morpheme ___; in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.2}, it occurs in a vthe morpheme ___rb phrasthe morpheme ___ (prthe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___dthe morpheme ___d by ththe morpheme ___ impthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___ markthe morpheme ___r\is{Aspthe morpheme ___ct markthe morpheme ___r} the morpheme ___) which is ththe morpheme ___ clausthe morpheme ___ prthe morpheme ___dicatthe morpheme ___:
A: word: runurunu	 gloss: gather:RED
B: word: via	 gloss: life
C: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
D: word: e	 gloss: IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mai te hora era ō\ꞌoku e ___ nō \ꞌana...
Gloss (with missing item): from ART time DIST POSS.3SG.O IPFV ___ just CONT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘From the time when I was a child...’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Polynesian languages are known to be very flexible in use of nouns and verbs: many words seem to be used both as nouns and verbs. This is also true for Rapa Nui. In \REF{ex:3.1} below, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te) which is subject of the clause; in \REF{ex:3.2}, it occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the imperfective marker\is{Aspect marker} e) which is the clause predicate:
A: word: —poki	 gloss: ~~~child
B: word: poki	 gloss: child
C: word: rivuho	 gloss: drawing
D: word: uka	 gloss: girl
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mai te hora era ō\ꞌoku ___ poki nō \ꞌana...
Gloss (with missing item): from ART time DIST POSS.3SG.O ___ child just CONT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘From the time when I was a child...’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nthe morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___rththe morpheme ___lthe morpheme ___ss, I will arguthe morpheme ___ that ththe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ arthe morpheme ___ good rthe morpheme ___asons to maintain a lthe morpheme ___xical distinction bthe morpheme ___twthe morpheme ___the morpheme ___n noun and vthe morpheme ___rbs. That is, words arthe morpheme ___ dthe morpheme ___finthe morpheme ___d as noun or vthe morpheme ___rb in ththe morpheme ___ lthe morpheme ___xicon. This dothe morpheme ___s not mthe morpheme ___an that all occurrthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___s of ththe morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___ words arthe morpheme ___ complthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___ly and unambiguously nominal and/or vthe morpheme ___rbal. Lthe morpheme ___xical vthe morpheme ___rbs vthe morpheme ___ry commonly the morpheme ___ntthe morpheme ___r into constructions which havthe morpheme ___ cthe morpheme ___rtain nominal fthe morpheme ___aturthe morpheme ___s; lthe morpheme ___ss frthe morpheme ___quthe morpheme ___ntly, lthe morpheme ___xical nouns arthe morpheme ___ usthe morpheme ___d in constructions with cthe morpheme ___rtain vthe morpheme ___rbal fthe morpheme ___aturthe morpheme ___s (as in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.2} abovthe morpheme ___). Morthe morpheme ___ovthe morpheme ___r, many words arthe morpheme ___ spthe morpheme ___cifithe morpheme ___d as both noun and vthe morpheme ___rb in ththe morpheme ___ lthe morpheme ___xicon, as \tthe morpheme ___xtit{\mbox{{\ꞌ}a{\ꞌ}amu}} in (\rthe morpheme ___f{the morpheme ___x:3.3}–\rthe morpheme ___f{the morpheme ___x:3.4}) abovthe morpheme ___.
A: word: e	 gloss: IPFV
B: word: iva	 gloss: nine
C: word: haŋa	 gloss: want
D: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mai te hora era ō\ꞌoku e ___ nō \ꞌana...
Gloss (with missing item): from ART time DIST POSS.3SG.O IPFV ___ just CONT
The English translation of this sentence is:‘From the time when I was a child...’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nevertheless, I will argue that there are good reasons to maintain a lexical distinction between noun and verbs. That is, words are defined as noun or verb in the lexicon. This does not mean that all occurrences of these words are completely and unambiguously nominal and/or verbal. Lexical verbs very commonly enter into constructions which have certain nominal features; less frequently, lexical nouns are used in constructions with certain verbal features (as in \REF{ex:3.2} above). Moreover, many words are specified as both noun and verb in the lexicon, as \textit{\mbox{{\ꞌ}a{\ꞌ}amu}} in (\ref{ex:3.3}–\ref{ex:3.4}) above.
A: word: poki	 gloss: child
B: word: uka	 gloss: girl
C: word: —¡ko	 gloss: ~~~~PRF
D: word: —poki	 gloss: ~~~child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ¿He parauti\ꞌa ___ \ꞌa\ꞌamu nei?
Gloss (with missing item): ~PRED truth ___ story PROX
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Is this story true?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nevertheless, I will argue that there are good reasons to maintain a lexical distinction between noun and verbs. That is, words are defined as noun or verb in the lexicon. This does not mean that all occurrences of these words are complethe morpheme ___ly and unambiguously nominal and/or verbal. Lexical verbs very commonly enthe morpheme ___r into constructions which have certain nominal features; less frequently, lexical nouns are used in constructions with certain verbal features (as in \REF{ex:3.2} above). Moreover, many words are specified as both noun and verb in the lexicon, as \the morpheme ___xtit{\mbox{{\ꞌ}a{\ꞌ}amu}} in (\ref{ex:3.3}–\ref{ex:3.4}) above.
A: word: te	 gloss: ART
B: word: mate	 gloss: die
C: word: aŋa	 gloss: work
D: word: amo	 gloss: clean
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ \ꞌa\ꞌamu ia e mātou i te \ꞌati ta\ꞌato\ꞌa nei o tātou o Rapa Nui.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ tell then AG 1PL.EXCL ACC ART problem all PROX of 1PL.INCL of Rapa Nui
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We told about all the problems we have on Rapa Nui.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Nevertthe morpheme ___less, I will argue that tthe morpheme ___re are good reasons to maintain a lexical distinction between noun and verbs. That is, words are defined as noun or verb in tthe morpheme ___ lexicon. This does not mean that all occurrences of tthe morpheme ___se words are completely and unambiguously nominal and/or verbal. Lexical verbs very commonly enter into constructions which have certain nominal features; less frequently, lexical nouns are used in constructions with certain verbal features (as in \REF{ex:3.2} above). Moreover, many words are specified as both noun and verb in tthe morpheme ___ lexicon, as \textit{\mbox{{\ꞌ}a{\ꞌ}amu}} in (\ref{ex:3.3}–\ref{ex:3.4}) above.
A: word: he	 gloss: NTR
B: word: aŋa	 gloss: work
C: word: hia	 gloss: yet
D: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ¿He parauti\ꞌa ___ \ꞌa\ꞌamu nei?
Gloss (with missing item): ~PRED truth ___ story PROX
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Is this story true?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Firstly: despithe morpheme ___ the flexibility in the use of nouns and verbs, the large majority of noun phrases have a nucleus denoting an entity, while an overwhelming majority of verb phrases have a nucleus denoting an event. While all action words can be used in nominal phrases, many entity words are never used in verb phrases, or only in very specific, uncommon conthe morpheme ___xts. For example, the word oho ‘go’ is very ofthe morpheme ___n preceded by the imperfective marker e, but the word taŋata ‘man’ is never preceded by this particle in the the morpheme ___xt corpus. Other words, like \the morpheme ___xtit{\mbox{{\ꞌ}a{\ꞌ}amu}} in (\ref{ex:3.3}–\ref{ex:3.4}) above, are commonly used both as noun and as verb, but with a different sense. Somehow generalisations like these should be accounthe morpheme ___d for in the grammar. To assume one large class of words, which can be indiscriminathe morpheme ___ly slotthe morpheme ___d into noun or verb phrases, does not do justice to actual usage.
A: word: —¡a	 gloss: ~~~~PROP
B: word: haka	 gloss: CAUS
C: word: mate	 gloss: die
D: word: te	 gloss: ART
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ \ꞌa\ꞌamu ia e mātou i te \ꞌati ta\ꞌato\ꞌa nei o tātou o Rapa Nui.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ tell then AG 1PL.EXCL ACC ART problem all PROX of 1PL.INCL of Rapa Nui
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We told about all the problems we have on Rapa Nui.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Firstly: despite tthe morpheme ___ flexibility in tthe morpheme ___ use of nouns and verbs, tthe morpheme ___ large majority of noun phrases have a nucleus denoting an entity, while an overwthe morpheme ___lming majority of verb phrases have a nucleus denoting an event. While all action words can be used in nominal phrases, many entity words are never used in verb phrases, or only in very specific, uncommon contexts. For example, tthe morpheme ___ word oho ‘go’ is very often preceded by tthe morpheme ___ imperfective marker e, but tthe morpheme ___ word taŋata ‘man’ is never preceded by this particle in tthe morpheme ___ text corpus. Otthe morpheme ___r words, like \textit{\mbox{{\ꞌ}a{\ꞌ}amu}} in (\ref{ex:3.3}–\ref{ex:3.4}) above, are commonly used both as noun and as verb, but with a different sense. Somehow generalisations like tthe morpheme ___se should be accounted for in tthe morpheme ___ grammar. To assume one large class of words, which can be indiscriminately slotted into noun or verb phrases, does not do justice to actual usage.
A: word: kimi	 gloss: search
B: word: he	 gloss: NTR
C: word: riro	 gloss: become
D: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ¿Ko \ꞌite \ꞌā kōrua he aha i ___ ai?
Gloss (with missing item): ~PRF know CONT 2PL PRED what PFV ___ PVP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Do you know what we did?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A third argument that the apparent freedom of use does not imply the absence of lexical categories, comes from a rare phenomenon: very occasionally, words from other (minor) word classes are used as a noun or a verb. For example, a pronoun may occur in the nucleus of a verb phrase as in \REF{ex:3.5}; demonstrative particles may be the nucleus of a verb phrase, as in \REF{ex:3.6}:\footnote{\label{fn:91}Postverbal era\is{era (distal)!postverbal} \textit{{\ꞌ}ā} indicates a finished action (sometimes equivalent to a perfect or pluperfect).}
A: word: mātou	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL
B: word: māua	 gloss: 1DU.EXCL
C: word: tātou	 gloss: 1PL.INCL
D: word: kimi	 gloss: search
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): —¿Ku oti \ꞌā? ___ era \ꞌā ta\ꞌa me\ꞌe.
Gloss (with missing item): ~~~~~PRF finish CONT ___ DIST CONT POSS.2SG.A thing
The English translation of this sentence is:‘—Is it finished? —I’m done (lit. something like ‘there is your thing’).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A third argument that the apparent freedom of use does not imply the absence of lexical categories, comes from a rare phenomenon: very occasionally, words from other (minor) word classes are used as a noun or a verb. For example, a pronoun may occur in the nucleus of a verb phrase as in \REF{ex:3.5}; demonstrative particles may be the nucleus of a verb phrase, as in \REF{ex:3.6}:\footnote{\label{fn:91}Postverbal era\is{era (distal)!postverbal} \textit{{\ꞌ}ā} indicates a finished action (sometimes equivalent to a perfect or pluperfect).}
A: word: ¡ko	 gloss: ~PROM
B: word: —¿ku	 gloss: ~~~~~PRF
C: word: roto	 gloss: inside
D: word: —¡ko	 gloss: ~~~~PRF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): —¿Ku oti \ꞌā? —¡Ko ___ \ꞌā ta\ꞌa me\ꞌe.
Gloss (with missing item): ~~~~~PRF finish CONT ~~~~PRF ___ CONT POSS.2SG.A thing
The English translation of this sentence is:‘—Is it finished? —I’m done (lit. something like ‘there is your thing’).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A third argument that the apparent freedom of use does not imply the absence of lexical categories, comes from a rare phenomenon: very occasionally, words from other (minor) word classes are used as a noun or a verb. For example, a pronoun may occur in the nucleus of a verb phrase as in \REF{ex:3.5}; demonstrative particles may be the nucleus of a verb phrase, as in \REF{ex:3.6}:\footnote{\label{fn:91}Postverbal the morpheme ___\is{the morpheme ___ (distal)!postverbal} \textit{{\ꞌ}ā} indicates a finished action (sometimes equivalent to a perfect or pluperfect).}
A: word: tokerau	 gloss: wind
B: word: au:	 gloss: 1SG
C: word: era	 gloss: DIST
D: word: turu	 gloss: go_down
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I oti era ___ vānaŋa e te vi\ꞌe...
Gloss (with missing item): PFV finish DIST ___ speak AG ART woman
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When the woman had finished speaking...’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactic: the presence of a dethe morpheme ___rminer does not necessarily mean that the phrase is entirely nominal. The nucleus of such a phrase may control verbal arguments:\footnothe morpheme ___{\label{fn:93}\cithe morpheme ___t{Waithe morpheme ___1994}, working in a generative framework, captures this insight by proposing that D (=dethe morpheme ___rminer) in \ili{Māori} can take not only NP complements, but VP and AdjP as well. This means that a verb may occur in a nominal conthe morpheme ___xt (DP) while retaining its verbal characthe morpheme ___r.} in \REF{ex:3.7} below, the subject of vānaŋa has the agent marker e; in \REF{ex:3.8}, runurunu is followed by a direct object marked with the accusative marker\is{i (accusative marker)} i.
A: word: unu	 gloss: drink
B: word: kai	 gloss: food
C: word: te	 gloss: ART
D: word: mate	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C