cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I oti era te ___ e te vi\ꞌe...
Gloss (with missing item): PFV finish DIST ART ___ AG ART woman
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When the woman had finished speaking...’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactic: the presence of a determiner does not necessarily mean that the phrase is entirely nominal. The nucleus of such a phrase may control verbal arguments:\footnote{\label{fn:93}\citet{Waite1994}, working in a generative framework, captures this insight by proposing that D (=determiner) in \ili{Māori} can take not only NP complements, but VP and AdjP as well. This means that a verb may occur in a nominal context (DP) while retaining its verbal character.} in \REF{ex:3.7} below, the subject of the morpheme ___ has the agent marker e; in \REF{ex:3.8}, runurunu is followed by a direct object marked with the accusative marker\is{i (accusative marker)} i.
A: word: mate	 gloss: die
B: word: kimi	 gloss: search
C: word: vānaŋanaŋa	 gloss: talk:RED
D: word: vānaŋa	 gloss: speak
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He turu mai ia ki te hare hāpī koia ko ___ runurunu mai i te rāua tūava.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR go_down hither then to ART house learn COM PROM ___ gather:RED hither ACC ART 3PL guava
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They went down to school, while picking (lit. with the picking) guavas.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactic: the presence of a dethe morpheme ___rminer does not necessarily mean that the phrase is entirely nominal. The nucleus of such a phrase may control verbal arguments:\footnothe morpheme ___{\label{fn:93}\cithe morpheme ___t{Waithe morpheme ___1994}, working in a generative framework, captures this insight by proposing that D (=dethe morpheme ___rminer) in \ili{Māori} can take not only NP complements, but VP and AdjP as well. This means that a verb may occur in a nominal conthe morpheme ___xt (DP) while retaining its verbal characthe morpheme ___r.} in \REF{ex:3.7} below, the subject of vānaŋa has the agent marker e; in \REF{ex:3.8}, runurunu is followed by a direct object marked with the accusative marker\is{i (accusative marker)} i.
A: word: mate	 gloss: die
B: word: te	 gloss: ART
C: word: haro	 gloss: pull
D: word: era	 gloss: DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He turu mai ia ki te hare hāpī koia ko te ___ mai i te rāua tūava.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR go_down hither then to ART house learn COM PROM ART ___ hither ACC ART 3PL guava
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They went down to school, while picking (lit. with the picking) guavas.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactic: the presence of a determiner does not necessarily mean that the phrase is entirely nominal. The nucleus of such a phrase may control verbal arguments:\footnote{\label{fn:93}\citet{Waite1994}, working in a generative framework, captures this insight by proposing that D (=determiner) in \ili{Māori} can take not only NP complements, but VP and AdjP as well. This means that a verb may occur in a nominal context (DP) while retaining its verbal character.} in \REF{ex:3.7} below, the subject of vānaŋa has the agent marker e; in \REF{ex:3.8}, the morpheme ___ is followed by a direct object marked with the accusative marker\is{i (accusative marker)} i.
A: word: paka	 gloss: conspicuous
B: word: runu	 gloss: gather
C: word: vānaŋanaŋa	 gloss: talk:RED
D: word: runurunu	 gloss: gather:RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He turu mai ia ki te hare hāpī koia ko ___ runurunu mai i te rāua tūava.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR go_down hither then to ART house learn COM PROM ___ gather:RED hither ACC ART 3PL guava
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They went down to school, while picking (lit. with the picking) guavas.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The phrase may also contain other VP elements like directionals\is{Directional}, such as mai in \REF{ex:3.8}. These elements do not appear in ordinary noun phrases, i.e. phrases headed by entity words like taŋata ‘man’ or hare ‘house’. In conclusion, a phrase introduced by a dethe morpheme ___rminer may still have certain VP characthe morpheme ___ristics.
A: word: te	 gloss: ART
B: word: poio	 gloss: Poio
C: word: agradece	 gloss: thank
D: word: mate	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): He turu mai ia ki te hare hāpī koia ko te ___ mai i te rāua tūava.
Gloss (with missing item): NTR go_down hither then to ART house learn COM PROM ART ___ hither ACC ART 3PL guava
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They went down to school, while picking (lit. with the picking) guavas.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The phrase may also contain other VP elements like directionals\is{Directional}, such as mai in \REF{ex:3.8}. These elements do not appear in ordinary noun phrases, i.e. phrases headed by entity words like taŋata ‘man’ or hare ‘house’. In conclusion, a phrase introduced by a determiner may still have certain VP characteristics.
A: word: mai	 gloss: hither
B: word: runu	 gloss: gather
C: word: vānaŋanaŋa	 gloss: talk:RED
D: word: runurunu	 gloss: gather:RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ vānaŋa rō mai \ꞌā paurō te mahana ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ speak EMPH hither CONT every ART day to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Every day he speaks to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sthe morpheme ___mantic: dthe morpheme ___spitthe morpheme ___ ththe morpheme ___ prthe morpheme ___sthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ of a dthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___rminthe morpheme ___r, ththe morpheme ___ nuclthe morpheme ___us may havthe morpheme ___ a vthe morpheme ___rbal sthe morpheme ___nsthe morpheme ___, rthe morpheme ___fthe morpheme ___rring to an the morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___nt raththe morpheme ___r than an the morpheme ___ntity. Evthe morpheme ___n though it is prthe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___dthe morpheme ___d by a dthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___rminthe morpheme ___r, ththe morpheme ___ vthe morpheme ___rb may ththe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___forthe morpheme ___ havthe morpheme ___ a diffthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___nt mthe morpheme ___aning from a rthe morpheme ___al noun with ththe morpheme ___ samthe morpheme ___ form.\footnotthe morpheme ___{\labthe morpheme ___l{fn:94}Ththe morpheme ___ samthe morpheme ___ point is madthe morpheme ___ by \citthe morpheme ___t[511]{Bthe morpheme ___snithe morpheme ___r2000} for \ili{Tuvaluan}.} This can bthe morpheme ___ illustratthe morpheme ___d with ththe morpheme ___ word vānaŋa, which may dthe morpheme ___notthe morpheme ___ an action ‘to talk’, or an the morpheme ___ntity ‘word, spokthe morpheme ___n uttthe morpheme ___rancthe morpheme ___’. In \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.9} vānaŋa dthe morpheme ___notthe morpheme ___s an the morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___nt and occurs in a vthe morpheme ___rb phrasthe morpheme ___ (prthe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___dthe morpheme ___d by ththe morpheme ___ aspthe morpheme ___ct markthe morpheme ___r the morpheme ___); in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.10} it dthe morpheme ___notthe morpheme ___s an the morpheme ___ntity and occurs in a noun phrasthe morpheme ___ (prthe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___dthe morpheme ___d by ththe morpheme ___ articlthe morpheme ___ tthe morpheme ___):
A: word: aŋa	 gloss: work
B: word: e	 gloss: IPFV
C: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
D: word: ŋata	 gloss: Ngata
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ rō mai \ꞌā paurō te mahana ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): IPFV ___ EMPH hither CONT every ART day to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Every day he speaks to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantic: despite the presence of a determiner, the nucleus may have a verbal sense, referring to an event rather than an entity. Even though it is preceded by a determiner, the verb may therefore have a different meaning from a real noun with the same form.\footnote{\label{fn:94}The same point is made by \citet[511]{Besnier2000} for \ili{Tuvaluan}.} This can be illustrated with the word the morpheme ___, which may denote an action ‘to talk’, or an entity ‘word, spoken utterance’. In \REF{ex:3.9} the morpheme ___ denotes an event and occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the aspect marker e); in \REF{ex:3.10} it denotes an entity and occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te):
A: word: vānaŋanaŋa	 gloss: talk:RED
B: word: pipiko	 gloss: PL:hide
C: word: vānaŋa	 gloss: speak
D: word: kore	 gloss: lack
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E vānaŋa ___ mai \ꞌā paurō te mahana ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): IPFV speak ___ hither CONT every ART day to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Every day he speaks to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantic: despite the presence of a determiner, the nucleus may have a verbal sense, referring to an event rather than an entity. Even though it is preceded by a determiner, the verb may therefore have a different meaning from a real noun with the same form.\footnote{\label{fn:94}The same point is made by \citet[511]{Besnier2000} for \ili{Tuvaluan}.} This can be illustrated with the word vānaŋa, which may denote an action ‘to talk’, or an entity ‘word, spoken utterance’. In \REF{ex:3.9} vānaŋa denotes an event and occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the aspect marker e); in \REF{ex:3.10} it denotes an entity and occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te):
A: word: paurō	 gloss: every
B: word: rō	 gloss: EMPH
C: word: poki	 gloss: child
D: word: ¡kai	 gloss: ~NEG.PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E vānaŋa rō ___ \ꞌā paurō te mahana ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): IPFV speak EMPH ___ CONT every ART day to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Every day he speaks to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantic: despite the presence of a determiner, the nucleus may have a verbal sense, referring to an event rather than an entity. Even though it is preceded by a determiner, the verb may therefore have a different meaning from a real noun with the same form.\footnote{\label{fn:94}The same point is made by \citet[511]{Besnier2000} for \ili{Tuvaluan}.} This can be illustrated with the word vānaŋa, which may denote an action ‘to talk’, or an entity ‘word, spoken utterance’. In \REF{ex:3.9} vānaŋa denotes an event and occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the aspect marker e); in \REF{ex:3.10} it denotes an entity and occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te):
A: word: kimi	 gloss: search
B: word: ¿mai	 gloss: ~from
C: word: mai	 gloss: hither
D: word: kohe;	 gloss: kohe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ka tai\ꞌo pūai ___ ŋā vānaŋa nei: raŋi, rano, rapu.
Gloss (with missing item): IMP read strong ___ PL word PROX raŋi rano rapu
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Read the following words aloud: raŋi, rano, rapu.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantic: despithe morpheme ___ the presence of a dethe morpheme ___rminer, the nucleus may have a verbal sense, referring to an event rather than an entity. Even though it is preceded by a dethe morpheme ___rminer, the verb may therefore have a different meaning from a real noun with the same form.\footnothe morpheme ___{\label{fn:94}The same point is made by \cithe morpheme ___t[511]{Besnier2000} for \ili{Tuvaluan}.} This can be illustrathe morpheme ___d with the word vānaŋa, which may denothe morpheme ___ an action ‘to talk’, or an entity ‘word, spoken utthe morpheme ___rance’. In \REF{ex:3.9} vānaŋa denothe morpheme ___s an event and occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the aspect marker e); in \REF{ex:3.10} it denothe morpheme ___s an entity and occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article the morpheme ___):
A: word: mai	 gloss: hither
B: word: ¿hai	 gloss: ~INS
C: word: mate	 gloss: die
D: word: te	 gloss: ART
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ka tai\ꞌo pūai te ___ vānaŋa nei: raŋi, rano, rapu.
Gloss (with missing item): IMP read strong ART ___ word PROX raŋi rano rapu
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Read the following words aloud: raŋi, rano, rapu.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantic: despite the presence of a determiner, the nucleus may have a verbal sense, referring to an event rather than an entity. Even though it is preceded by a determiner, the verb may therefore have a different meaning from a real noun with the same form.\footnote{\label{fn:94}The same point is made by \citet[511]{Besnier2000} for \ili{Tuvaluan}.} This can be illustrated with the word vānaŋa, which may denote an action ‘to talk’, or an entity ‘word, spoken utterance’. In \REF{ex:3.9} vānaŋa denotes an event and occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the aspect marker e); in \REF{ex:3.10} it denotes an entity and occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te):
A: word: runurunu	 gloss: gather:RED
B: word: kai	 gloss: food
C: word: ŋāŋata	 gloss: men
D: word: ŋā	 gloss: PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ka tai\ꞌo pūai te ŋā ___ nei: raŋi, rano, rapu.
Gloss (with missing item): IMP read strong ART PL ___ PROX raŋi rano rapu
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Read the following words aloud: raŋi, rano, rapu.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantic: despite the presence of a determiner, the nucleus may have a verbal sense, referring to an event rather than an entity. Even though it is preceded by a determiner, the verb may therefore have a different meaning from a real noun with the same form.\footnote{\label{fn:94}The same point is made by \citet[511]{Besnier2000} for \ili{Tuvaluan}.} This can be illustrated with the its gloss ___ the morpheme ___, which may denote an action ‘to talk’, or an entity ‘its gloss ___, spoken utterance’. In \REF{ex:3.9} the morpheme ___ denotes an event and occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the aspect marker e); in \REF{ex:3.10} it denotes an entity and occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te):
A: word: paka	 gloss: conspicuous
B: word: huru	 gloss: manner
C: word: vānaŋa	 gloss: word
D: word: vānaŋanaŋa	 gloss: talk:RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ka tai\ꞌo pūai te ŋā vānaŋa ___ raŋi, rano, rapu.
Gloss (with missing item): IMP read strong ART PL word ___ raŋi rano rapu
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Read the following words aloud: raŋi, rano, rapu.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantic: despite the presence of a determiner, the nucleus may have a verbal sense, referring to an event rather than an entity. Even though it is preceded by a determiner, the verb may therefore have a different meaning from a real noun with the same form.\footnote{\label{fn:94}The same point is made by \citet[511]{Besnier2000} for \ili{Tuvaluan}.} This can be illustrated with the word vānaŋa, which may denote an action ‘to talk’, or an entity ‘word, spoken utterance’. In \REF{ex:3.9} vānaŋa denotes an event and occurs in a verb phrase (preceded by the aspect marker e); in \REF{ex:3.10} it denotes an entity and occurs in a noun phrase (preceded by the article te):
A: word: koā	 gloss: COLL
B: word: nei:	 gloss: PROX
C: word: nei	 gloss: PROX
D: word: haŋa	 gloss: want
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ vānaŋa rō mai \ꞌā paurō te mahana ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ speak EMPH hither CONT every ART day to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Every day he speaks to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Clthe morpheme ___arly, in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.9} vānaŋa is a vthe morpheme ___rb, whilthe morpheme ___ in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.10} it is a noun. So far, so good. In \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.7} abovthe morpheme ___ howthe morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___r, vānaŋa dthe morpheme ___notthe morpheme ___s an the morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___nt, the morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___n though it is prthe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___dthe morpheme ___d by a dthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___rminthe morpheme ___r. It sthe morpheme ___rvthe morpheme ___s as ththe morpheme ___ complthe morpheme ___mthe morpheme ___nt of oti, a vthe morpheme ___rb which commonly takthe morpheme ___s a nominalisthe morpheme ___d the morpheme ___vthe morpheme ___nt word as complthe morpheme ___mthe morpheme ___nt. Thus, tthe morpheme ___ vānaŋa in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.7} is not nominal in ththe morpheme ___ samthe morpheme ___ way as tthe morpheme ___ ŋā vānaŋa nthe morpheme ___i in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.10}. Noticthe morpheme ___ that this sthe morpheme ___mantic diffthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ corrthe morpheme ___latthe morpheme ___s with cthe morpheme ___rtain syntactic diffthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___s: in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.10}, vānaŋa is prthe morpheme ___cthe morpheme ___dthe morpheme ___d by ththe morpheme ___ plural markthe morpheme ___r ŋā, a noun phrasthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___lthe morpheme ___mthe morpheme ___nt; in \REF{the morpheme ___x:3.7} it is followthe morpheme ___d by a subjthe morpheme ___ct markthe morpheme ___d with ththe morpheme ___ agthe morpheme ___ntivthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___, somthe morpheme ___thing to bthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___xpthe morpheme ___ctthe morpheme ___d of a vthe morpheme ___rb.
A: word: kōnui	 gloss: far
B: word: e	 gloss: IPFV
C: word: vovo	 gloss: dear_girl
D: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B