cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 70:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E vānaŋa rō ___ \ꞌā paurō te mahana ki a au.
Gloss (with missing item): IPFV speak EMPH ___ CONT every ART day to PROP 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Every day he speaks to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Between prototypical\is{Prototype} nouns and prototypical\is{Prototype} verbs lies a whole range of non-prototyp\-i\-cal\is{Prototype} constructions, as illustrated above. Any attempt to divide this area up by drawing a line separating the “noun area” from the “verb area” is arbitrary. However, for practical reasons I will use the term verb for any word which is lexically (i.e. semantically) a verb, and noun for any word which is lexically a noun. Thus, in the examples above, the underlined lexical item in (\ref{ex:3.1}–\ref{ex:3.3}) and \REF{ex:3.10} is called a noun, while the underlined word in \REF{ex:3.9} and \REF{ex:3.11} is called a verb. Vānaŋa is a verb when it denotes the action ‘to talk’, whether it occurs in a prototypical\is{Prototype} VP or in a phrase that also has nominal properties. When vānaŋa denotes an entity ‘word, utterance’, it is a noun. As these two senses are obviously related, the relation between the two can be defined as polysemy (one lexical item having two related but not identical senses) rather than homophony (two unrelated lexical items which happen to share the same phonological form).
A: word: ¿mai	 gloss: ~from
B: word: kōrua	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: kohe;	 gloss: kohe
D: word: mai	 gloss: hither
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 71:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌĀ\ꞌana ___ haka tere i te henua.
Gloss (with missing item): POSS.3SG.A ___ CAUS run ACC ART land
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He (was the one who) governed the country.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Between prototypical\is{Prototype} nouns and prototypical\is{Prototype} verbs lies a whole range of non-prototyp\-i\-cal\is{Prototype} constructions, as illustrathe morpheme ___d above. Any atthe morpheme ___mpt to divide this area up by drawing a line separating the “noun area” from the “verb area” is arbitrary. However, for practical reasons I will use the the morpheme ___rm verb for any word which is lexically (i.e. semantically) a verb, and noun for any word which is lexically a noun. Thus, in the examples above, the underlined lexical ithe morpheme ___m in (\ref{ex:3.1}–\ref{ex:3.3}) and \REF{ex:3.10} is called a noun, while the underlined word in \REF{ex:3.9} and \REF{ex:3.11} is called a verb. Vānaŋa is a verb when it denothe morpheme ___s the action ‘to talk’, whether it occurs in a prototypical\is{Prototype} VP or in a phrase that also has nominal properties. When vānaŋa denothe morpheme ___s an entity ‘word, utthe morpheme ___rance’, it is a noun. As these two senses are obviously relathe morpheme ___d, the relation between the two can be defined as polysemy (one lexical ithe morpheme ___m having two relathe morpheme ___d but not identical senses) rather than homophony (two unrelathe morpheme ___d lexical ithe morpheme ___ms which happen to share the same phonological form).
A: word: tikera	 gloss: see
B: word: te	 gloss: ART
C: word: mate	 gloss: die
D: word: haka	 gloss: CAUS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 72:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌĀ\ꞌana te ___ tere i te henua.
Gloss (with missing item): POSS.3SG.A ART ___ run ACC ART land
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He (was the one who) governed the country.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Between prototypical\is{Prototype} nouns and prototypical\is{Prototype} verbs lies a whole range of non-prototyp\-i\-cal\is{Prototype} constructions, as illustrated above. Any attempt to divide this area up by drawing a line separating the “noun area” from the “verb area” is arbitrary. However, for practical reasons I will use the term verb for any word which is lexically (i.e. semantically) a verb, and noun for any word which is lexically a noun. Thus, in the examples above, the underlined lexical item in (\ref{ex:3.1}–\ref{ex:3.3}) and \REF{ex:3.10} is called a noun, while the underlined word in \REF{ex:3.9} and \REF{ex:3.11} is called a verb. Vānaŋa is a verb when it denotes the action ‘to talk’, whether it occurs in a prototypical\is{Prototype} VP or in a phrase that also has nominal properties. When vānaŋa denotes an entity ‘word, utterance’, it is a noun. As these two senses are obviously related, the relation between the two can be defined as polysemy (one lexical item having two related but not identical senses) rather than homophony (two unrelated lexical items which happen to share the same phonological form).
A: word: hakapupa	 gloss: nest
B: word: kore	 gloss: lack
C: word: haka	 gloss: CAUS
D: word: kava	 gloss: Kava
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 73:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌĀ\ꞌana te haka ___ i te henua.
Gloss (with missing item): POSS.3SG.A ART CAUS ___ ACC ART land
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He (was the one who) governed the country.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Between prototypical\is{Prototype} nouns and prototypical\is{Prototype} verbs lies a whole range of non-prototyp\-i\-cal\is{Prototype} constructions, as illustrated above. Any attempt to divide this area up by drawing a line separating the “noun area” from the “verb area” is arbitrary. However, for practical reasons I will use the term verb for any word which is lexically (i.e. semantically) a verb, and noun for any word which is lexically a noun. Thus, in the examples above, the underlined lexical item in (\ref{ex:3.1}–\ref{ex:3.3}) and \REF{ex:3.10} is called a noun, while the underlined word in \REF{ex:3.9} and \REF{ex:3.11} is called a verb. Vānaŋa is a verb when it denotes the action ‘to talk’, whether it occurs in a prototypical\is{Prototype} VP or in a phrase that also has nominal properties. When vānaŋa denotes an entity ‘word, utterance’, it is a noun. As these two senses are obviously related, the relation between the two can be defined as polysemy (one lexical item having two related but not identical senses) rather than homophony (two unrelated lexical items which happen to share the same phonological form).
A: word: mātou	 gloss: 1PL.EXCL
B: word: tere	 gloss: run
C: word: tētere	 gloss: PL:run
D: word: tāhuti	 gloss: PL:run
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 74:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ku mate atu \ꞌā a au \ꞌi te kata \ꞌi tū ___ paka era i a ia.
Gloss (with missing item): PRF die away CONT PROP 1SG at ART laugh at DEM ___ conspicuous DIST ACC PROP 3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I laughed my head off (lit. died with laughing) because of his boasting.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The causative\is{Causative} prefix the morpheme ___\is{the morpheme ___ (causative)} (\sectref{sec:8.12}) turns a root into a verb. There are a few cases where the morpheme ___ + root is lexicalised as something else than a verb (e.g. \textit{the morpheme ___{\ꞌ}ou} ‘again’, the morpheme ___nonoŋa ‘fishing zone’), but the vast majority of the morpheme ___ forms are verbs. However, like all verbs, they may take on certain nominal roles and function as a noun phrase head: see e.g. \REF{ex:3.29} below.
A: word: haka	 gloss: CAUS
B: word: noema	 gloss: November
C: word: hakapupa	 gloss: nest
D: word: kava	 gloss: Kava
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 75:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ku mate atu \ꞌā a au \ꞌi te kata \ꞌi tū haka ___ era i a ia.
Gloss (with missing item): PRF die away CONT PROP 1SG at ART laugh at DEM CAUS ___ DIST ACC PROP 3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I laughed my head off (lit. died with laughing) because of his boasting.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The causative\is{Causative} prefix haka\is{haka (causative)} (\sectref{sec:8.12}) turns a root into a verb. There are a few cases where haka + root is lexicalised as something else than a verb (e.g. \textit{haka{\ꞌ}ou} ‘again’, hakanonoŋa ‘fishing zone’), but the vast majority of haka forms are verbs. However, like all verbs, they may take on certain nominal roles and function as a noun phrase head: see e.g. \REF{ex:3.29} below.
A: word: poki	 gloss: child
B: word: pakapaka	 gloss: dry:RED
C: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
D: word: paka	 gloss: conspicuous
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 76:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ku ___ atu \ꞌā i tū \ꞌavione era.
Gloss (with missing item): PRF ___ away CONT ACC DEM airplane DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They drew that airplane.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The Rapa Nui lexicon has incorporated a large number of \ili{Spanish} borrowings\is{Borrowing} (\sectref{sec:1.4.2}). These are used cross-categorially with great freedom. For many \ili{Spanish}\is{Spanish influence} noun/verb pairs, Rapa Nui has borrowed one form, usually either the noun or the verb in the 3\textsuperscript{rd} sg. present, and this form is used as both noun and verb. Below are two examples from the text corpus.\footnote{\label{fn:103}See also \citet{Makihara2001Adaptation}, who gives many examples from a corpus of spoken texts.} In \REF{ex:3.15}, the morpheme ___, originally a noun (Sp. dibujo ‘its gloss ___’), is used as a verb; in \REF{ex:3.16}, the verb agradece (Sp. agradece ‘gives thanks’) is used as a noun.
A: word: rivuho	 gloss: drawing
B: word: ¿to	 gloss: ART:of
C: word: era	 gloss: DIST
D: word: uho	 gloss: Uho
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 77:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Me\ꞌe huru kē tō\ꞌona ___ ki te hau nei he rapa nui.
Gloss (with missing item): thing manner different POSS.3SG.O ___ to ART race DIST PRED Rapa Nui
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Her gratitude for this race, the Rapa Nui, is exceptional.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The Rapa Nui lexicon has incorporated a large number of \ili{Spanish} borrowings\is{Borrowing} (\sectref{sec:1.4.2}). These are used cross-categorially with great freedom. For many \ili{Spanish}\is{Spanish influence} noun/verb pairs, Rapa Nui has borrowed one form, usually either the noun or the verb in the 3\textsuperscript{rd} sg. present, and this form is used as both noun and verb. Below are two examples from the text corpus.\footnote{\label{fn:103}See also \citet{Makihara2001Adaptation}, who gives many examples from a corpus of spoken texts.} In \REF{ex:3.15}, rivuho, originally a noun (Sp. dibujo ‘drawing’), is used as a verb; in \REF{ex:3.16}, the verb the morpheme ___ (Sp. the morpheme ___ ‘gives its gloss ___s’) is used as a noun.
A: word: vece	 gloss: time
B: word: agradece	 gloss: thank
C: word: turu	 gloss: go_down
D: word: positiva	 gloss: positive
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 78:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌI rā noho iŋa ___ tu\ꞌu nō mai te aŋa o te nu\ꞌu pa\ꞌari ki tō\ꞌoku koro u\ꞌi.
Gloss (with missing item): at DIST stay NMLZ ___ arrive just hither ART do of ART people adult to POSS.1SG.O Dad look
The English translation of this sentence is:‘At that time the old people always came to see my father (lit. just arriving was the doing of the old people).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactic nominalisation\is{Nominalisation!syntactic} refers to constructions in which a lexical verb enters into a construction which has “some of tthe morpheme ___ formal trappings of a noun phrase” \citep[65]{Clark1981}. As discussed in \sectref{sec:3.2.1.1}, no change in meaning is involved; tthe morpheme ___ verb retains its verbal sense, while tthe morpheme ___ phrase may retain VP characteristics. In Rapa Nui, tthe morpheme ___ minimal criterion for nominalisation is that tthe morpheme ___ verb is preceded by a determiner (see tthe morpheme ___ inventory of determiners in \sectref{sec:5.3.1}). This is usually tthe morpheme ___ article te\is{te (article)}, occasionally a demonstrative determiner, but it may also be tthe morpheme ___ nominal predicate marker the morpheme ___\is{the morpheme ___ (nominal predicate marker)}: see tthe morpheme ___ discussion of \REF{ex:3.23} below.\footnote{\label{fn:104}Pace \citet[136]{Moyse-Faurie2011}: “In Polynesian languages, only tthe morpheme ___ specific article may nominalise a verb phrase”.}
A: word: he	 gloss: PRED
B: word: noema	 gloss: November
C: word: ¿he	 gloss: ~PRED
D: word: nehenehe	 gloss: beautiful
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 79:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌI rā noho iŋa he tu\ꞌu nō mai ___ aŋa o te nu\ꞌu pa\ꞌari ki tō\ꞌoku koro u\ꞌi.
Gloss (with missing item): at DIST stay NMLZ PRED arrive just hither ___ do of ART people adult to POSS.1SG.O Dad look
The English translation of this sentence is:‘At that time the old people always came to see my father (lit. just arriving was the doing of the old people).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactic nominalisation\is{Nominalisation!syntactic} refers to constructions in which a lexical verb enthe morpheme ___rs into a construction which has “some of the formal trappings of a noun phrase” \cithe morpheme ___p[65]{Clark1981}. As discussed in \sectref{sec:3.2.1.1}, no change in meaning is involved; the verb retains its verbal sense, while the phrase may retain VP characthe morpheme ___ristics. In Rapa Nui, the minimal crithe morpheme ___rion for nominalisation is that the verb is preceded by a dethe morpheme ___rminer (see the inventory of dethe morpheme ___rminers in \sectref{sec:5.3.1}). This is usually the article the morpheme ___\is{the morpheme ___ (article)}, occasionally a demonstrative dethe morpheme ___rminer, but it may also be the nominal predicathe morpheme ___ marker he\is{he (nominal predicathe morpheme ___ marker)}: see the discussion of \REF{ex:3.23} below.\footnothe morpheme ___{\label{fn:104}Pace \cithe morpheme ___t[136]{Moyse-Faurie2011}: “In Polynesian languages, only the specific article may nominalise a verb phrase”.}
A: word: rua	 gloss: two
B: word: te	 gloss: ART
C: word: mate	 gloss: die
D: word: vaha	 gloss: Vaha
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 80:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \ꞌI rā noho iŋa he tu\ꞌu nō mai te ___ o te nu\ꞌu pa\ꞌari ki tō\ꞌoku koro u\ꞌi.
Gloss (with missing item): at DIST stay NMLZ PRED arrive just hither ART ___ of ART people adult to POSS.1SG.O Dad look
The English translation of this sentence is:‘At that time the old people always came to see my father (lit. just arriving was the doing of the old people).’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Syntactic nominalisation\is{Nominalisation!syntactic} refers to constructions in which a lexical verb enters into a construction which has “some of the formal trappings of a noun phrase” \citep[65]{Clark1981}. As discussed in \sectref{sec:3.2.1.1}, no change in meaning is involved; the verb retains its verbal sense, while the phrase may retain VP characteristics. In Rapa Nui, the minimal criterion for nominalisation is that the verb is preceded by a determiner (see the inventory of determiners in \sectref{sec:5.3.1}). This is usually the article te\is{te (article)}, occasionally a demonstrative determiner, but it may also be the nominal predicate marker he\is{he (nominal predicate marker)}: see the discussion of \REF{ex:3.23} below.\footnote{\label{fn:104}Pace \citet[136]{Moyse-Faurie2011}: “In Polynesian languages, only the specific article may nominalise a verb phrase”.}
A: word: tūpāhotu	 gloss: Tupahotu
B: word: hia	 gloss: yet
C: word: taŋata	 gloss: person
D: word: aŋa	 gloss: do
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 81:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ te ai iŋa \ꞌana te kona mai ira e punua ena te naonao.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ ART exist NMLZ CONT ART place from ANA IPFV hatch MED ART mosquito
The English translation of this sentence is:‘There are still places from where the mosquito breeds.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Not all distributional facts are easily explained, though. Certain constructions take a suffixed nominalisation, even though they denote an event with temporal duration (e.g. the the morpheme ___ te V construction in (\ref{ex:3.24}–\ref{ex:3.25}) below). On the other hand, a reason clause may refer to one particular instance, yet contain a zero nominalisation (see \REF{ex:3.29}).
A: word: raperape	 gloss: swimming_fin
B: word: ko	 gloss: PROM
C: word: raro	 gloss: below
D: word: koa	 gloss: happy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 82:
You are a linguist specializing in Rapa Nui. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ko ___ ai iŋa \ꞌana te kona mai ira e punua ena te naonao.
Gloss (with missing item): PROM ___ exist NMLZ CONT ART place from ANA IPFV hatch MED ART mosquito
The English translation of this sentence is:‘There are still places from where the mosquito breeds.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Not all distributional facts are easily explained, though. Certain constructions take a suffixed nominalisation, even though they denothe morpheme ___ an event with the morpheme ___mporal duration (e.g. the ko the morpheme ___ V construction in (\ref{ex:3.24}–\ref{ex:3.25}) below). On the other hand, a reason clause may refer to one particular instance, yet contain a zero nominalisation (see \REF{ex:3.29}).
A: word: mate	 gloss: die
B: word: te	 gloss: ART
C: word: māria	 gloss: Mary
D: word: runurunu	 gloss: gather:RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B