cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mék yu nó sé yu dɔ́n gɛ́t ___ na pueblo, na kɔ́ntri.
Gloss (with missing item): SBJV 2SG know QUOT 2SG PRF get ___ LOC village LOC country
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You should know that you already have a fiancé in the village, in the hometown.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Inserted Spanish constituents belong to various word classes, but the insertion of content words, and nouns in particular, prevails. Thus we find the morpheme ___ ‘fiancé’ and pueblo ‘village’ in \REF{ex:key:1696}. Note that both Spanish nouns are objects\is{objects} of Pichi elements, the first of a verb, the second of a preposition:
A: word: violeta	 gloss: violet
B: word: bɔ́y	 gloss: boy
C: word: tomates	 gloss: tomatoes
D: word: novio	 gloss: boyfriend
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mék yu nó sé yu dɔ́n gɛ́t novio na ___ na kɔ́ntri.
Gloss (with missing item): SBJV 2SG know QUOT 2SG PRF get boyfriend LOC ___ LOC country
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You should know that you already have a fiancé in the village, in the hometown.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Inserted Spanish constituents belong to various word classes, but the insertion of content words, and nouns in particular, prevails. Thus we find novio ‘fiancé’ and the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:key:1696}. Note that both Spanish nouns are objects\is{objects} of Pichi elements, the first of a verb, the second of a preposition:
A: word: fám	 gloss: farm
B: word: bloques	 gloss: bricks
C: word: pueblo	 gloss: village
D: word: puerto	 gloss: harbour
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mék yu nó sé yu dɔ́n gɛ́t ___ na pueblo, na kɔ́ntri.
Gloss (with missing item): SBJV 2SG know QUOT 2SG PRF get ___ LOC village LOC country
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You should know that you already have a fiancé in the village, in the hometown.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When Spanish nouns are inserted as in \REF{ex:key:1696}, they usually remain bare where Pichi nouns do so, or are accompanied by Pichi determiners and the pluraliser\is{pluraliser} dɛn ‘\textsc{pl’} in the same way as Pichi nouns are. In \REF{ex:key:1697}, the definite Spanish noun paciencia ‘patience’ is preceded by the Pichi definite article di: \is{article}
A: word: bɔ́y	 gloss: boy
B: word: flipa-do	 gloss: turned.on-ADJ
C: word: violeta	 gloss: violet
D: word: novio	 gloss: boyfriend
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mék yu nó sé yu dɔ́n gɛ́t novio na ___ na kɔ́ntri.
Gloss (with missing item): SBJV 2SG know QUOT 2SG PRF get boyfriend LOC ___ LOC country
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You should know that you already have a fiancé in the village, in the hometown.
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When Spanish nouns are inserted as in \REF{ex:key:1696}, they usually remain bare where Pichi nouns do so, or are accompanied by Pichi determiners and the pluraliser\is{pluraliser} dɛn ‘\textsc{pl’} in the same way as Pichi nouns are. In \REF{ex:key:1697}, the definite Spanish noun paciencia ‘patience’ is preceded by the Pichi definite article di: \is{article}
A: word: puerto	 gloss: harbour
B: word: fám	 gloss: farm
C: word: pueblo	 gloss: village
D: word: sube	 gloss: go.up
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ fɔ́s, di paciencia, yu nó go gɛ́t=an.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ first DEF patience 2SG NEG POT get=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Because first, the patience, you wouldn’t have it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When Spanish nouns are inserted as in \REF{ex:key:1696}, they usually remain bare where Pichi nouns do so, or are accompanied by Pichi determiners and the pluraliser\is{pluraliser} dɛn ‘\textsc{pl’} in the same way as Pichi nouns are. In \REF{ex:key:1697}, the definite Spanish noun paciencia ‘patience’ is preceded by the Pichi definite article di: \is{article}
A: word: pero	 gloss: but
B: word: traducción	 gloss: translation
C: word: cheque	 gloss: cheque
D: word: porque	 gloss: because
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Porque fɔ́s, di ___ yu nó go gɛ́t=an.
Gloss (with missing item): because first DEF ___ 2SG NEG POT get=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Because first, the patience, you wouldn’t have it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When Spanish nouns are inserted as in \REF{ex:key:1696}, they usually remain bare where Pichi nouns do so, or are accompanied by Pichi determiners and the pluraliser\is{pluraliser} dɛn ‘\textsc{pl’} in the same way as Pichi nouns are. In \REF{ex:key:1697}, the definite Spanish noun the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is preceded by the Pichi definite article di: \is{article}
A: word: wét	 gloss: wait
B: word: paciencia	 gloss: patience
C: word: paciente	 gloss: patient
D: word: bolí	 gloss: pen
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{A}fta una báy di ___ dɛn tumára.
Gloss (with missing item): then 2PL buy DEF ___ PL tomorrow
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Then you [plural] buy the bricks tomorrow.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When a specific Spanish plural noun is inserted, there is a strong likelihood that it will be additionally marked with the postposed Pichi pluraliser dɛn, in accordance with the pattern that applies to Pichi count nouns \REF{ex:key:1698}. Conversely, Spanish nouns exhibit a strong tendency to occur devoid of Pichi number and definiteness\is{definiteness} marking where the noun is non-specific as with rallador ‘grater’ in the second example:
A: word: porque	 gloss: because
B: word: stón	 gloss: stone
C: word: suele	 gloss: usually
D: word: bloques	 gloss: bricks
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{A}fta una báy di bloques ___ tumára.
Gloss (with missing item): then 2PL buy DEF bricks ___ tomorrow
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Then you [plural] buy the bricks tomorrow.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When a specific Spanish plural noun is inserted, there is a strong likelihood that it will be additionally marked with the postposed Pichi pluraliser the morpheme ___, in accordance with the pattern that applies to Pichi count nouns \REF{ex:key:1698}. Conversely, Spanish nouns exhibit a strong tendency to occur devoid of Pichi number and definiteness\is{definiteness} marking where the noun is non-specific as with rallador ‘grater’ in the second example:
A: word: lunes	 gloss: monday
B: word: sifta	 gloss: sift
C: word: dɛn	 gloss: PL
D: word: dɛn-ɔ́l	 gloss: 3PL.CPD-all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí wet Rubi wi mék jwɛn-jwɛ́n, wi báy pía, wi báy sadín, wi báy ___ wi desayuna.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP with NAME 1PL make RED.CPD{}-join 1PL buy avocado 1PL buy sardine 1PL buy ___ 1PL have.breakfast
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Me and Rubi, we teamed up and bought avocados, we bought sardines, we bought tomatoes, we had breakfast.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This is not surprising however, since in Spanish, determiner-less plural count nouns may have non-specific reference. The semantic overlap between Spanish plural nouns and Pichi bare nouns in codemixing can be seen in \REF{ex:key:1701}. Here the Pichi bare nouns pía ‘avocado’ and sadín ‘sardine’ are functionally equivalent to the Spanish plural noun the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’:
A: word: jakató	 gloss: bitter.tomato
B: word: remata	 gloss: finish.off
C: word: tomates	 gloss: tomatoes
D: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ___ directa e mék.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC ___ direct 3SG.SBJ make
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It’s a direct translation that she made.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The insertion of larger nominal groups as opposed to single nouns is rarer. In fact, most of the Spanish adjective-noun combinations we encounter are collocations that are somewhat lexicalised in Spanish. Compare the morpheme ___ directa ‘direct its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:key:1702}:
A: word: relación	 gloss: relation
B: word: novio	 gloss: boyfriend
C: word: lángwech	 gloss: language
D: word: traducción	 gloss: translation
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na traducción ___ e mék.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC translation ___ 3SG.SBJ make
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It’s a direct translation that she made.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The insertion of larger nominal groups as opposed to single nouns is rarer. In fact, most of the Spanish adjective-noun combinations we encounter are collocations that are somewhat lexicalised in Spanish. Compare traducción the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___ translation’ in \REF{ex:key:1702}:
A: word: sɛ́n	 gloss: send
B: word: directo	 gloss: direct
C: word: directa	 gloss: direct
D: word: cable	 gloss: cable
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu bin kán bigín ___ semana yu bin fɔ dɔ́n fínis tidé.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG PST PFV begin ___ week 2SG PST COND PRF finish today
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If you had begun last week you would have been finished today.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The order of constituents normally remains unchanged when Spanish elements are inserted into a Pichi NP. In \REF{ex:key:1703}, the Pichi quantifier\is{quantifiers} lás ‘the morpheme ___t’ is used in prenominal position with the inserted Spanish noun semana ‘week’. However, note that Spanish also features a quantifier + noun order in NPs (i.e. la última semana ‘(the) the morpheme ___t week’):
A: word: estudiante	 gloss: student
B: word: mierda	 gloss: REP
C: word: kɔ́tlas	 gloss: cutlass
D: word: las	 gloss: last
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu bin kán bigín las ___ yu bin fɔ dɔ́n fínis tidé.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG PST PFV begin last ___ 2SG PST COND PRF finish today
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If you had begun last week you would have been finished today.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The order of constituents normally remains unchanged when Spanish elements are inserted into a Pichi NP. In \REF{ex:key:1703}, the Pichi quantifier\is{quantifiers} lás ‘last’ is used in prenominal position with the inserted Spanish noun the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’. However, note that Spanish also features a quantifier + noun order in NPs (i.e. la última the morpheme ___ ‘(the) last its gloss ___’):
A: word: yɛ́lo	 gloss: be.yellow
B: word: miercoles	 gloss: wednesday
C: word: alemania	 gloss: PLACE
D: word: semana	 gloss: week
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E bríng fís, e kúk sɔn ___ fís, e gí mí mék a chɔ́p.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ bring fish 3SG.SBJ cook some ___ fish 3SG.SBJ give 1SG.INDP SBJV 1SG.SBJ eat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She brought (a) fish, she cooked a particular fish and gave it to me in order to eat.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:key:1705}, we find the opposite situation. The Spanish adjective the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is in a prenominal position, hence in the syntactic slot of attributively used Pichi property items:
A: word: especial	 gloss: special
B: word: tín	 gloss: thing
C: word: respira	 gloss: breathe
D: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ‘Dí mán dé trɔ́n’ nó dé fáyn, e nó gɛ́t ___ fáyn.
Gloss (with missing item): this man BE.LOC strong NEG BE.LOC fine 3SG.SBJ NEG get ___ fine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘“Dí man dé trɔn” is not nice, it doesn’t have a proper meaning.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are other instances of Spanish adjectives that follow Pichi nouns in Pichi NPs. But in these cases, the function of the Spanish words parallels that of some Pichi value property items that are used as adverbials in the same syntactic position. The Spanish adjective serio ‘serious’ in \REF{ex:key:1706} may be likened to the Pichi manner adverb fáyn ‘well, really’ in \REF{ex:key:1707}:
A: word: ventilador	 gloss: fan
B: word: sentido	 gloss: meaning
C: word: mín	 gloss: mean
D: word: ser	 gloss: be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Frɔn na yá só dɛn kin ___ di húman.
Gloss (with missing item): from LOC here like.that 3PL HAB ___ DEF woman
The English translation of this sentence is:‘From here they control the woman.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The admixture of Spanish verbs follows established rules. Spanish verbs are always inserted into Pichi clauses in an invariant form of the \textsc{3sg} person of the Spanish present tense\is{present tense} paradigm. This insertion rule is valid without exception across the three regular Spanish verb inflection classes. Due to its frequency, the \textsc{3sg} present tense form is also the default form found in most contact scenarios involving Spanish (\citealt[20–21]{Clements2009}). Examples follow with the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ (<the morpheme ___r) in \REF{ex:key:1709}, entiende ‘understand’ (<entender) in \REF{ex:key:1710}, and sufre ‘suffer’ (<sufrir) in \REF{ex:key:1711}:
A: word: petroleo	 gloss: oil
B: word: pueblo	 gloss: village
C: word: opera	 gloss: operate
D: word: controla	 gloss: control
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pɔ́sin go ___ bɔt e nó dé bien.
Gloss (with missing item): person POT ___ but 3SG.SBJ NEG BE.LOC good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘One would understand but it isn’t good.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The admixture of Spanish verbs follows established rules. Spanish verbs are always inserted into Pichi clauses in an invariant form of the \textsc{3sg} person of the Spanish present tense\is{present tense} paradigm. This insertion rule is valid without exception across the three regular Spanish verb inflection classes. Due to its frequency, the \textsc{3sg} present tense form is also the default form found in most contact scenarios involving Spanish (\citealt[20–21]{Clements2009}). Examples follow with controla ‘control’ (<controlar) in \REF{ex:key:1709}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ (<entender) in \REF{ex:key:1710}, and sufre ‘suffer’ (<sufrir) in \REF{ex:key:1711}:
A: word: entiende	 gloss: understand
B: word: explica	 gloss: explain
C: word: tiene	 gloss: he.has
D: word: membrana	 gloss: membrane
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ wé náw dɛn dɔ́n lɛ́f=an, e dɔ́n klós.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ ___ SUB now 3PL PRF leave=3SG.OBJ 3SG.SBJ PRF close
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It [the building] suffered, while now they have abandoned it, it is closed.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The admixture of Spanish verbs follows established rules. Spanish verbs are always inserted into Pichi clauses in an invariant form of the \textsc{3sg} person of the Spanish present tense\is{present tense} paradigm. This insertion rule is valid without exception across the three regular Spanish verb inflection classes. Due to its frequency, the \textsc{3sg} present tense form is also the default form found in most contact scenarios involving Spanish (\citealt[20–21]{Clements2009}). Examples follow with controla ‘control’ (<controlar) in \REF{ex:key:1709}, entiende ‘understand’ (<entender) in \REF{ex:key:1710}, and the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ (<sufrir) in \REF{ex:key:1711}:
A: word: paciente	 gloss: patient
B: word: sufre	 gloss: suffer
C: word: fresco	 gloss: fresh
D: word: taza	 gloss: cup
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B