cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu ___ kɛ́r=an de gó hospital.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG ___ carry=3SG.OBJ NEG go hospital
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You’re carrying him while going to the hospital.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, the V2 of an SVC does not appear with TMA marking, since it acquires its TMA specifications from the V1. Only the V1 is marked for tense\is{tense}, mood, and aspect. Hence, the second translation of \REF{ex:key:1542} as a motion-direction SVC is rejected. Instead, the construction may only be interpreted as involving a the morpheme ___pictive secondary predicate (cf. \sectref{sec:11.3.2}). The inability to be inthe morpheme ___penthe morpheme ___ntly marked for TMA also distinguishes SVCs from the verbal complements of aspectual and modal auxiliaries, some of which may be precethe morpheme ___d by the imperfective aspect marker as well (cf. \sectref{sec:10.5.3}).
A: word: ɔ́p	 gloss: up
B: word: de	 gloss: IPFV
C: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
D: word: ópin	 gloss: open
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu de kɛ́r=an ___ gó hospital.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG IPFV carry=3SG.OBJ ___ go hospital
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You’re carrying him while going to the hospital.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, the V2 of an SVC does not appear with TMA marking, since it acquires its TMA specifications from the V1. Only the V1 is marked for tense\is{tense}, mood, and aspect. Hence, the second translation of \REF{ex:key:1542} as a motion-direction SVC is rejected. Instead, the construction may only be interpreted as involving a the morpheme ___pictive secondary predicate (cf. \sectref{sec:11.3.2}). The inability to be inthe morpheme ___penthe morpheme ___ntly marked for TMA also distinguishes SVCs from the verbal complements of aspectual and modal auxiliaries, some of which may be precethe morpheme ___d by the imperfective aspect marker as well (cf. \sectref{sec:10.5.3}).
A: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
B: word: de	 gloss: NEG
C: word: nɛ́a	 gloss: NEG.PRF
D: word: lɛk	 gloss: like
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E sé “mɔ́mi mɔ́mi, yu nó de sí dán mán wé e ___ gó abuela in rúm?”
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ QUOT mum mum 2SG NEG IPFV see that man SUB 3SG.SBJ ___ go grandmother 3SG.POSS room
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He said “mum, mum, don’t you see that man who ran into grandmother’s room?”’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The goal of the motion may be expressed as an object of the V2 motion verb as in \REF{ex:key:1543} above. The goal may also be instantiated in a prepositional phrase introduced by na ‘\textsc{loc}’ \REF{ex:key:1544}. Motion{\fff}-direction SVCs featuring a transitive V1 can involve a “switch-function{\fff}” (pro)noun (\citealt[14–15]{Aikhenvald2006}), in which case the object =an ‘\textsc{3sg.obj}’ of the V1 kɛ́r ‘carry’ may be analysed as the subject{\fff} of the V2 gó ‘go’ in the following example:
A: word: rɔ́n	 gloss: run
B: word: púl	 gloss: remove
C: word: tráy	 gloss: try
D: word: rɔn-rɔ́n	 gloss: RED.CPD-run
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E sé “mɔ́mi mɔ́mi, yu nó de sí dán mán wé e rɔ́n ___ abuela in rúm?”
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ QUOT mum mum 2SG NEG IPFV see that man SUB 3SG.SBJ run ___ grandmother 3SG.POSS room
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He said “mum, mum, don’t you see that man who ran into grandmother’s room?”’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The its gloss ___al of the motion may be expressed as an object of the V2 motion verb as in \REF{ex:key:1543} above. The its gloss ___al may also be instantiated in a prepositional phrase introduced by na ‘\textsc{loc}’ \REF{ex:key:1544}. Motion{\fff}-direction SVCs featuring a transitive V1 can involve a “switch-function{\fff}” (pro)noun (\citealt[14–15]{Aikhenvald2006}), in which case the object =an ‘\textsc{3sg.obj}’ of the V1 kɛ́r ‘carry’ may be analysed as the subject{\fff} of the V2 the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in the following example:
A: word: gó”	 gloss: go
B: word: baja	 gloss: go.down
C: word: gó	 gloss: go
D: word: wet	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A ___ gó na comedor.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ ___ go LOC dining-room
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I carried him to the dining-room.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The goal of the motion may be expressed as an object of the V2 motion verb as in \REF{ex:key:1543} above. The goal may also be instantiated in a prepositional phrase introduced by na ‘\textsc{loc}’ \REF{ex:key:1544}. Motion{\fff}-direction SVCs featuring a transitive V1 can involve a “switch-function{\fff}” (pro)noun (\citealt[14–15]{Aikhenvald2006}), in which case the object =an ‘\textsc{3sg.obj}’ of the V1 kɛ́r ‘carry’ may be analysed as the subject{\fff} of the V2 gó ‘go’ in the following example:
A: word: yús=an	 gloss: use=3SG.OBJ
B: word: bɛ́r=an	 gloss: bury=3SG.OBJ
C: word: kɛ́r=an	 gloss: carry=3SG.OBJ
D: word: rɔ́n	 gloss: run
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di bíg wán, a bin de ___ gó wáka na nɛ́t wet Tokobé.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF big one 1SG.SBJ PST IPFV ___ go walk LOC night with NAME
The English translation of this sentence is:‘As for the big one, I was carrying it off travelling by night with Tokobé.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A string of two verbs may be followed by additional serial verbs. Example \REF{ex:key:1545} illustrates multiple serialisation{\fff} with the verb string kɛ́r-gó-wáka ‘carry-go-walk’. The construction is an overlap of a motion-direction SVC (kɛ́r-gó) and a motion-action SVC (gó-wáka):
A: word: yús=an	 gloss: use=3SG.OBJ
B: word: bɛ́r=an	 gloss: bury=3SG.OBJ
C: word: wɔwɔ́	 gloss: REP
D: word: kɛ́r=an	 gloss: carry=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di bíg wán, a bin de kɛ́r=an ___ wáka na nɛ́t wet Tokobé.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF big one 1SG.SBJ PST IPFV carry=3SG.OBJ ___ walk LOC night with NAME
The English translation of this sentence is:‘As for the big one, I was carrying it off travelling by night with Tokobé.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A string of two verbs may be followed by additional serial verbs. Example \REF{ex:key:1545} illustrates multiple serialisation{\fff} with the verb string kɛ́r-the morpheme ___-wáka ‘carry-its gloss ___-walk’. The construction is an overlap of a motion-direction SVC (kɛ́r-the morpheme ___) and a motion-action SVC (the morpheme ___-wáka):
A: word: baja	 gloss: go.down
B: word: wán	 gloss: one
C: word: gó”	 gloss: go
D: word: gó	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di bíg wán, a bin de kɛ́r=an gó ___ na nɛ́t wet Tokobé.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF big one 1SG.SBJ PST IPFV carry=3SG.OBJ go ___ LOC night with NAME
The English translation of this sentence is:‘As for the big one, I was carrying it off travelling by night with Tokobé.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A string of two verbs may be followed by additional serial verbs. Example \REF{ex:key:1545} illustrates multiple serialisation{\fff} with the verb string kɛ́r-gó-the morpheme ___ ‘carry-go-its gloss ___’. The construction is an overlap of a motion-direction SVC (kɛ́r-gó) and a motion-action SVC (gó-the morpheme ___):
A: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: go.away
B: word: waka-wáka	 gloss: RED.CPD-walk
C: word: tót	 gloss: carry
D: word: wáka	 gloss: walk
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A tínk sé e gɛ́t treinta y ocho años náw wé e dɔ́n de ___ rích cuarenta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ think QUOT 3SG.SBJ get thirty and eight years now SUB 3SG.SBJ PRF IPFV ___ reach forty
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I think that he’s thirty-eight years old now and is already going towards forty.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The V2 kán ‘come’ expresses motion towards a ground \REF{ex:key:1546}. Strings involving the verb kɔmɔ́t ‘its gloss ___ out’ as the V2 express evacuation, i.e. motion out of a ground \REF{ex:key:1547}. Note the presence of the prepositions fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}\is{associative preposition} and na ‘\textsc{loc’}\is{general} which mark its gloss ___al and source,\index{} respectively:
A: word: gó	 gloss: go
B: word: baja	 gloss: go.down
C: word: rích	 gloss: reach
D: word: gó”	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A tínk sé e gɛ́t treinta y ocho años náw wé e dɔ́n de gó ___ cuarenta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ think QUOT 3SG.SBJ get thirty and eight years now SUB 3SG.SBJ PRF IPFV go ___ forty
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I think that he’s thirty-eight years old now and is already going towards forty.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The V2 kán ‘come’ expresses motion towards a ground \REF{ex:key:1546}. Strings involving the verb kɔmɔ́t ‘go out’ as the V2 express evacuation, i.e. motion out of a ground \REF{ex:key:1547}. Note the presence of the prepositions fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}\is{associative preposition} and na ‘\textsc{loc’}\is{general} which mark goal and source,\index{} respectively:
A: word: píchi	 gloss: Pichi
B: word: consigue	 gloss: obtain
C: word: bíl	 gloss: build
D: word: rích	 gloss: reach
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E kán ___ kɔmɔ́t na kɔ́ntri, (...)
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ PFV ___ go.out LOC country (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She fled from the [her] home town, (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The V2 kán ‘come’ expresses motion towards a ground \REF{ex:key:1546}. Strings involving the verb kɔmɔ́t ‘go out’ as the V2 express evacuation, i.e. motion out of a ground \REF{ex:key:1547}. Note the presence of the prepositions fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}\is{associative preposition} and na ‘\textsc{loc’}\is{general} which mark goal and source,\index{} respectively:
A: word: tráy	 gloss: try
B: word: rɔ́n	 gloss: run
C: word: rɔn-rɔ́n	 gloss: RED.CPD-run
D: word: bíl	 gloss: build
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E kán rɔ́n ___ na kɔ́ntri, (...)
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ PFV run ___ LOC country (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She fled from the [her] home town, (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The V2 kán ‘come’ expresses motion towards a ground \REF{ex:key:1546}. Strings involving the verb the morpheme ___ ‘go out’ as the V2 express evacuation, i.e. motion out of a ground \REF{ex:key:1547}. Note the presence of the prepositions fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}\is{associative preposition} and na ‘\textsc{loc’}\is{general} which mark goal and source,\index{} respectively:
A: word: difícil	 gloss: difficult
B: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: go.out
C: word: domɔ́t	 gloss: door
D: word: kɛ́r	 gloss: take
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E kán rɔ́n kɔmɔ́t ___ kɔ́ntri, (...)
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ PFV run go.out ___ country (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She fled from the [her] home town, (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The V2 kán ‘come’ expresses motion towards a ground \REF{ex:key:1546}. Strings involving the verb kɔmɔ́t ‘go out’ as the V2 express evacuation, i.e. motion out of a ground \REF{ex:key:1547}. Note the presence of the prepositions fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}\is{associative preposition} and the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{loc’}\is{general} which mark goal and source,\index{} respectively:
A: word: wán	 gloss: one
B: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
C: word: rɔ́tin	 gloss: rot
D: word: na	 gloss: LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn rɔ́n ___ farmacia, receta de mɛ́rɛsin.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL run ___ pharmacy prescription of medicine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They ran to the pharmacy, (to get a) prescription for medicine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The situation expressed by motion-direction SVCs is more often expressed in non-serial structures featuring prepositiothe morpheme ___l phrases\is{prepositiothe morpheme ___l phrases} as in \REF{ex:key:1549}. In these constructions, context and common sense disambiguate the potentially locative (i.e. ‘in the pharmacy’) and goal (‘to the pharmacy’) meanings of the PP introduced by the general locative preposition\is{general} the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{loc}’:
A: word: dɛ́n	 gloss: 3PL.INDP
B: word: na	 gloss: LOC
C: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn rɔ́n na ___ receta de mɛ́rɛsin.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL run LOC ___ prescription of medicine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They ran to the pharmacy, (to get a) prescription for medicine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The situation expressed by motion-direction SVCs is more often expressed in non-serial structures featuring prepositional phrases\is{prepositional phrases} as in \REF{ex:key:1549}. In these constructions, context and common sense disambiguate the potentially locative (i.e. ‘in the its gloss ___’) and goal (‘to the its gloss ___’) meanings of the PP introduced by the general locative preposition\is{general} na ‘\textsc{loc}’:
A: word: receta	 gloss: prescription
B: word: tɔ́k	 gloss: talk
C: word: nacionalidad	 gloss: nationality
D: word: farmacia	 gloss: pharmacy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{A}pás tumɔ́ro a go ___ sí mi mamá.
Gloss (with missing item): after tomorrow 1SG.SBJ POT ___ see 1SG.POSS mother
The English translation of this sentence is:‘After tomorrow, I will go see my mother.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The construction may involve another motion verb as V2 \REF{ex:key:1550}, or any other dynamic verb \REF{ex:key:1551}. Motion-action SVCs are only attested with a dynamic V2:
A: word: gó”	 gloss: go
B: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: gó	 gloss: go
D: word: baja	 gloss: go.down
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{A}pás tumɔ́ro a go gó ___ mi mamá.
Gloss (with missing item): after tomorrow 1SG.SBJ POT go ___ 1SG.POSS mother
The English translation of this sentence is:‘After tomorrow, I will go see my mother.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The construction may involve another motion verb as V2 \REF{ex:key:1550}, or any other dynamic verb \REF{ex:key:1551}. Motion-action SVCs are only attested with a dynamic V2:
A: word: gɔ́d	 gloss: God
B: word: acepta	 gloss: accept
C: word: sí	 gloss: see
D: word: sísta	 gloss: sister
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kán yu púl=an.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ come 2SG remove=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You came and removed it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Below follow motion-action SVCs involving the minor verb kán ‘come’ as the V1. Like gó{}-SVCs, kán{}-SVCs are encountered with \REF{ex:key:1552} and without \REF{ex:key:1553} resumptive\is{resumptive pronouns} subject\is{subjects} marking with the V2:
A: word: kɛ́r	 gloss: take
B: word: yu	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: ‘yu	 gloss: 2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B