cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu kán ___ púl=an.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG come ___ remove=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You came and removed it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Below follow motion-action SVCs involving the minor verb kán ‘come’ as the V1. Like gó{}-SVCs, kán{}-SVCs are encountered with \REF{ex:key:1552} and without \REF{ex:key:1553} resumptive\is{resumptive pronouns} subject\is{subjects} marking with the V2:
A: word: mék	 gloss: make
B: word: yu	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: ‘yu	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín ___ de kán púl mí dán torí.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP ___ IPFV come remove 1SG.INDP that story
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s when she was coming to tell me that story.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Bthe morpheme ___low follow motion-action SVCs involving ththe morpheme ___ minor vthe morpheme ___rb kán ‘comthe morpheme ___’ as ththe morpheme ___ V1. Likthe morpheme ___ gó{}-SVCs, kán{}-SVCs arthe morpheme ___ the morpheme ___ncountthe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___d with \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1552} and without \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553} rthe morpheme ___sumptivthe morpheme ___\is{rthe morpheme ___sumptivthe morpheme ___ pronouns} subjthe morpheme ___ct\is{subjthe morpheme ___cts} marking with ththe morpheme ___ V2:
A: word: sigue	 gloss: follow
B: word: bíl=an	 gloss: build=3SG.OBJ
C: word: nátín	 gloss: nothing
D: word: e	 gloss: 3SG.SBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín ___ de kán púl mí dán torí.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP ___ IPFV come remove 1SG.INDP that story
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s when she was coming to tell me that story.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving ththe morpheme ___ usthe morpheme ___ of kán as a vthe morpheme ___rb in a motion-action SVC likthe morpheme ___ \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553} nthe morpheme ___the morpheme ___d to bthe morpheme ___ distinguishthe morpheme ___d from ththe morpheme ___ usthe morpheme ___ of kán as a narrativthe morpheme ___ pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___\is{pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___ aspthe morpheme ___ct} aspthe morpheme ___ct markthe morpheme ___r in a sthe morpheme ___ntthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ likthe morpheme ___ \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1554}. Ththe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ arthe morpheme ___ two ways of making ththe morpheme ___ distinction. Firstly, in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553}, ththe morpheme ___ lthe morpheme ___xical vthe morpheme ___rb kán ‘comthe morpheme ___’ may bthe morpheme ___ markthe morpheme ___d by TMA markthe morpheme ___rs likthe morpheme ___ any oththe morpheme ___r Pichi vthe morpheme ___rb. On ththe morpheme ___ contrary, ththe morpheme ___ narrativthe morpheme ___ pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___ markthe morpheme ___r kán ‘\tthe morpheme ___xtsc{pfv}’ is subjthe morpheme ___ct to co-occurrthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ rthe morpheme ___strictions. For the morpheme ___xamplthe morpheme ___, ththe morpheme ___ TMA markthe morpheme ___r sthe morpheme ___quthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ *dthe morpheme ___ kán ‘\tthe morpheme ___xtsc{ipfv} \tthe morpheme ___xtsc{pfv}’ in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553} abovthe morpheme ___ would bthe morpheme ___ ungrammatical in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1554}.\is{aspthe morpheme ___ct}
A: word: chench-chénch	 gloss: RED.CPD-change
B: word: sigue	 gloss: follow
C: word: e	 gloss: 3SG.SBJ
D: word: pént	 gloss: paint
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín e ___ vɛ́ks, e kán gó.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP 3SG.SBJ ___ be.angry 3SG.SBJ PFV go
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why he got angry, (and) he left.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving the use of the morpheme ___ as a verb in a motion-action SVC like \REF{ex:key:1553} need to be distinguished from the use of the morpheme ___ as a narrative perfective\is{perfective aspect} aspect marker in a sentence like \REF{ex:key:1554}. There are two ways of making the distinction. Firstly, in \REF{ex:key:1553}, the lexical verb the morpheme ___ ‘come’ may be marked by TMA markers like any other Pichi verb. On the contrary, the narrative perfective marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ is subject to co-occurrence restrictions. For example, the TMA marker sequence *de the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv} \textsc{pfv}’ in \REF{ex:key:1553} above would be ungrammatical in \REF{ex:key:1554}.\is{aspect}
A: word: “kán	 gloss: come
B: word: kɔ́t	 gloss: cut
C: word: llegue	 gloss: arrive:SBJV
D: word: kán	 gloss: PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín e kán ___ e kán gó.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP 3SG.SBJ PFV ___ 3SG.SBJ PFV go
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why he got angry, (and) he left.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving the use of kán as a verb in a motion-action SVC like \REF{ex:key:1553} need to be distinguished from the use of kán as a narrative perfective\is{perfective aspect} aspect marker in a sentence like \REF{ex:key:1554}. There are two ways of making the distinction. Firstly, in \REF{ex:key:1553}, the lexical verb kán ‘come’ may be marked by TMA markers like any other Pichi verb. On the contrary, the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ is subject to co-occurrence restrictions. For example, the TMA marker sequence *de kán ‘\textsc{ipfv} \textsc{pfv}’ in \REF{ex:key:1553} above would be ungrammatical in \REF{ex:key:1554}.\is{aspect}
A: word: rabia	 gloss: anger
B: word: nɛ́ks	 gloss: next
C: word: jwɛ́n	 gloss: join
D: word: vɛ́ks	 gloss: be.angry
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín e kán vɛ́ks, e ___ gó.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP 3SG.SBJ PFV be.angry 3SG.SBJ ___ go
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why he got angry, (and) he left.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving the use of the morpheme ___ as a verb in a motion-action SVC like \REF{ex:key:1553} need to be distinguished from the use of the morpheme ___ as a narrative perfective\is{perfective aspect} aspect marker in a sentence like \REF{ex:key:1554}. There are two ways of making the distinction. Firstly, in \REF{ex:key:1553}, the lexical verb the morpheme ___ ‘come’ may be marked by TMA markers like any other Pichi verb. On the contrary, the narrative perfective marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ is subject to co-occurrence restrictions. For example, the TMA marker sequence *de the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv} \textsc{pfv}’ in \REF{ex:key:1553} above would be ungrammatical in \REF{ex:key:1554}.\is{aspect}
A: word: “kán	 gloss: come
B: word: llegue	 gloss: arrive:SBJV
C: word: bíl	 gloss: build
D: word: kán	 gloss: PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín ___ de kán púl mí dán torí.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP ___ IPFV come remove 1SG.INDP that story
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s when she was coming to tell me that story.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving ththe morpheme ___ usthe morpheme ___ of kán as a vthe morpheme ___rb in a motion-action SVC likthe morpheme ___ \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553} nthe morpheme ___the morpheme ___d to bthe morpheme ___ distinguishthe morpheme ___d from ththe morpheme ___ usthe morpheme ___ of kán as a narrativthe morpheme ___ pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___\is{pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___ aspthe morpheme ___ct} aspthe morpheme ___ct markthe morpheme ___r in a sthe morpheme ___ntthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ likthe morpheme ___ \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1554}. Ththe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ arthe morpheme ___ two ways of making ththe morpheme ___ distinction. Firstly, in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553}, ththe morpheme ___ lthe morpheme ___xical vthe morpheme ___rb kán ‘comthe morpheme ___’ may bthe morpheme ___ markthe morpheme ___d by TMA markthe morpheme ___rs likthe morpheme ___ any oththe morpheme ___r Pichi vthe morpheme ___rb. On ththe morpheme ___ contrary, ththe morpheme ___ narrativthe morpheme ___ pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___ markthe morpheme ___r kán ‘\tthe morpheme ___xtsc{pfv}’ is subjthe morpheme ___ct to co-occurrthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ rthe morpheme ___strictions. For the morpheme ___xamplthe morpheme ___, ththe morpheme ___ TMA markthe morpheme ___r sthe morpheme ___quthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ *dthe morpheme ___ kán ‘\tthe morpheme ___xtsc{ipfv} \tthe morpheme ___xtsc{pfv}’ in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553} abovthe morpheme ___ would bthe morpheme ___ ungrammatical in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1554}.\is{aspthe morpheme ___ct}
A: word: sigue	 gloss: follow
B: word: gɛ́l	 gloss: girl
C: word: e	 gloss: 3SG.SBJ
D: word: kaká	 gloss: defecate
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín ___ de kán púl mí dán torí.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP ___ IPFV come remove 1SG.INDP that story
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s when she was coming to tell me that story.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving ththe morpheme ___ usthe morpheme ___ of kán as a vthe morpheme ___rb in a motion-action SVC likthe morpheme ___ \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553} nthe morpheme ___the morpheme ___d to bthe morpheme ___ distinguishthe morpheme ___d from ththe morpheme ___ usthe morpheme ___ of kán as a narrativthe morpheme ___ pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___\is{pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___ aspthe morpheme ___ct} aspthe morpheme ___ct markthe morpheme ___r in a sthe morpheme ___ntthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ likthe morpheme ___ \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1554}. Ththe morpheme ___rthe morpheme ___ arthe morpheme ___ two ways of making ththe morpheme ___ distinction. Firstly, in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553}, ththe morpheme ___ lthe morpheme ___xical vthe morpheme ___rb kán ‘comthe morpheme ___’ may bthe morpheme ___ markthe morpheme ___d by TMA markthe morpheme ___rs likthe morpheme ___ any oththe morpheme ___r Pichi vthe morpheme ___rb. On ththe morpheme ___ contrary, ththe morpheme ___ narrativthe morpheme ___ pthe morpheme ___rfthe morpheme ___ctivthe morpheme ___ markthe morpheme ___r kán ‘\tthe morpheme ___xtsc{pfv}’ is subjthe morpheme ___ct to co-occurrthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ rthe morpheme ___strictions. For the morpheme ___xamplthe morpheme ___, ththe morpheme ___ TMA markthe morpheme ___r sthe morpheme ___quthe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___ *dthe morpheme ___ kán ‘\tthe morpheme ___xtsc{ipfv} \tthe morpheme ___xtsc{pfv}’ in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1553} abovthe morpheme ___ would bthe morpheme ___ ungrammatical in \REF{the morpheme ___x:kthe morpheme ___y:1554}.\is{aspthe morpheme ___ct}
A: word: e	 gloss: 3SG.SBJ
B: word: sté	 gloss: stay
C: word: sigue	 gloss: follow
D: word: fisionomía	 gloss: physiognomy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín e ___ vɛ́ks, e kán gó.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP 3SG.SBJ ___ be.angry 3SG.SBJ PFV go
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why he got angry, (and) he left.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving the use of the morpheme ___ as a verb in a motion-action SVC like \REF{ex:key:1553} need to be distinguished from the use of the morpheme ___ as a narrative perfective\is{perfective aspect} aspect marker in a sentence like \REF{ex:key:1554}. There are two ways of making the distinction. Firstly, in \REF{ex:key:1553}, the lexical verb the morpheme ___ ‘come’ may be marked by TMA markers like any other Pichi verb. On the contrary, the narrative perfective marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ is subject to co-occurrence restrictions. For example, the TMA marker sequence *de the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv} \textsc{pfv}’ in \REF{ex:key:1553} above would be ungrammatical in \REF{ex:key:1554}.\is{aspect}
A: word: wók	 gloss: work
B: word: llegue	 gloss: arrive:SBJV
C: word: “kán	 gloss: come
D: word: kán	 gloss: PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín e kán ___ e kán gó.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP 3SG.SBJ PFV ___ 3SG.SBJ PFV go
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why he got angry, (and) he left.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving the use of kán as a verb in a motion-action SVC like \REF{ex:key:1553} need to be distinguished from the use of kán as a narrative perfective\is{perfective aspect} aspect marker in a sentence like \REF{ex:key:1554}. There are two ways of making the distinction. Firstly, in \REF{ex:key:1553}, the lexical verb kán ‘come’ may be marked by TMA markers like any other Pichi verb. On the contrary, the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ is subject to co-occurrence restrictions. For example, the TMA marker sequence *de kán ‘\textsc{ipfv} \textsc{pfv}’ in \REF{ex:key:1553} above would be ungrammatical in \REF{ex:key:1554}.\is{aspect}
A: word: vɛ́ks	 gloss: be.angry
B: word: nɛ́ks	 gloss: next
C: word: ópin	 gloss: open
D: word: rabia	 gloss: anger
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín e kán vɛ́ks, e ___ gó.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP 3SG.SBJ PFV be.angry 3SG.SBJ ___ go
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why he got angry, (and) he left.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: SVCs involving the use of the morpheme ___ as a verb in a motion-action SVC like \REF{ex:key:1553} need to be distinguished from the use of the morpheme ___ as a narrative perfective\is{perfective aspect} aspect marker in a sentence like \REF{ex:key:1554}. There are two ways of making the distinction. Firstly, in \REF{ex:key:1553}, the lexical verb the morpheme ___ ‘come’ may be marked by TMA markers like any other Pichi verb. On the contrary, the narrative perfective marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ is subject to co-occurrence restrictions. For example, the TMA marker sequence *de the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv} \textsc{pfv}’ in \REF{ex:key:1553} above would be ungrammatical in \REF{ex:key:1554}.\is{aspect}
A: word: papá	 gloss: father
B: word: kán	 gloss: PFV
C: word: “kán	 gloss: come
D: word: llegue	 gloss: arrive:SBJV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kán yu púl=an.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ come 2SG remove=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You came and removed it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Secondly, speakers may employ resumptive subject\is{subjects} marking with the V2 in sentences like \REF{ex:key:1552} above in order to avoid the potential ambiguity between a motion-action SVC and a verb marked for narrative perfective aspect (i.e. the morpheme ___ kán púl=an ‘\textsc{2sg} come remove=\textsc{3sg.obj}’ = ‘(then) you removed it)’. The same strategy is employed in \REF{ex:key:1555} below. In both examples, the bare lexical verb kán ‘come’ is likely to be interpreted as the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv’} if the sequence were not interrupted by the personal pronoun the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{2sg}’. That said, these two uses of kán are often very similar and appear to be diachronically related:
A: word: ‘yu	 gloss: 2SG
B: word: yu	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: papá	 gloss: father
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu kán ___ púl=an.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG come ___ remove=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You came and removed it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Secondly, speakers may employ resumptive subject\is{subjects} marking with the V2 in sentences like \REF{ex:key:1552} above in order to avoid the potential ambiguity between a motion-action SVC and a verb marked for narrative perfective aspect (i.e. the morpheme ___ kán púl=an ‘\textsc{2sg} come remove=\textsc{3sg.obj}’ = ‘(then) you removed it)’. The same strategy is employed in \REF{ex:key:1555} below. In both examples, the bare lexical verb kán ‘come’ is likely to be interpreted as the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv’} if the sequence were not interrupted by the personal pronoun the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{2sg}’. That said, these two uses of kán are often very similar and appear to be diachronically related:
A: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: yu	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: rɔ́n	 gloss: run
D: word: ‘yu	 gloss: 2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B