cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 146:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn mék di café e ___ swít.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL make DEF coffee 3SG.SBJ ___ be.sweet
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They prepared the coffee (it’s) too sweet.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:key:1603} features the effected-object verb\is{} mék ‘make, prepare’ as a primary predicate. Note that the secondary predicate takes the subject\is{subjects} pronoun e ‘\textsc{3sg.sbj}’, which is co-referential with the primary predicate object café ‘coffee’. The overt subject pronoun is not necessary here because the resultative predicate is clearly object-oriented (unlike the primary predicate presented in \ref{ex:key:1588} above). I assume that an explicit subject pronoun is nevertheless employed because of the presence of the preverbal degree adverb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___ (much)’. This makes the secondary predicate more complex and motivates the use of a finite resultative clause featuring an overt subject:
A: word: nɔmba-tú	 gloss: number.CPD-two
B: word: tú	 gloss: too
C: word: ték	 gloss: take
D: word: café	 gloss: coffee
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 147:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E mít ___ a de kúk sɛ́f.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ meet ___ 1SG.SBJ IPFV cook EMP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He came across me while I was actually cooking.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:key:1603} features the effected-object verb\is{} mék ‘make, prepare’ as a primary predicate. Note that the secondary predicate takes the subject\is{subjects} pronoun e ‘\textsc{3sg.sbj}’, which is co-referential with the primary predicate object café ‘coffee’. The overt subject pronoun is not necessary here because the resultative predicate is clearly object-oriented (unlike the primary predicate presented in \ref{ex:key:1588} above). I assume that an explicit subject pronoun is nevertheless employed because of the presence of the preverbal degree adverb tú ‘too (much)’. This makes the secondary predicate more complex and motivates the use of a finite resultative clause featuring an overt subject:
A: word: mí	 gloss: 1SG.INDP
B: word: mɔ́t	 gloss: mouth
C: word: mít=an	 gloss: meet=3SG.OBJ
D: word: yú=an	 gloss: 2SG.INDP=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 148:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E mít mí ___ de kúk sɛ́f.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ meet 1SG.INDP ___ IPFV cook EMP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He came across me while I was actually cooking.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:key:1603} fethe morpheme ___tures the effected-object verb\is{} mék ‘mthe morpheme ___ke, prepthe morpheme ___re’ the morpheme ___s the morpheme ___ primthe morpheme ___ry predicthe morpheme ___te. Note ththe morpheme ___t the secondthe morpheme ___ry predicthe morpheme ___te tthe morpheme ___kes the subject\is{subjects} pronoun e ‘\textsc{3sg.sbj}’, which is co-referentithe morpheme ___l with the primthe morpheme ___ry predicthe morpheme ___te object cthe morpheme ___fé ‘coffee’. The overt subject pronoun is not necessthe morpheme ___ry here becthe morpheme ___use the resultthe morpheme ___tive predicthe morpheme ___te is clethe morpheme ___rly object-oriented (unlike the primthe morpheme ___ry predicthe morpheme ___te presented in \ref{ex:key:1588} the morpheme ___bove). I the morpheme ___ssume ththe morpheme ___t the morpheme ___n explicit subject pronoun is nevertheless employed becthe morpheme ___use of the presence of the preverbthe morpheme ___l degree the morpheme ___dverb tú ‘too (much)’. This mthe morpheme ___kes the secondthe morpheme ___ry predicthe morpheme ___te more complex the morpheme ___nd motivthe morpheme ___tes the use of the morpheme ___ finite resultthe morpheme ___tive clthe morpheme ___use fethe morpheme ___turing the morpheme ___n overt subject:
A: word: báy=an	 gloss: buy=3SG.OBJ
B: word: a	 gloss: 1SG.SBJ
C: word: stíl	 gloss: still
D: word: ópin	 gloss: open
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 149:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn ___ di ród wɔwɔ́.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ DEF road be.ugly
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They built the road (and it’s) shoddy.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Resultatives may be paraphrased by employing a nominal strategy. The resultative secondary predicate in \REF{ex:key:1604}, i.e. the property item wɔwɔ́ ‘be ugly, messed up’ may be vaguely paraphrased via an NP in which it appears as a prenominal modifier to the generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ \REF{ex:key:1605}. The generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ is also used in modifications of manner (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:880} in \sectref{sec:7.7.2}) and in manner question words (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:629} in \sectref{sec:7.3.2}), hence in \REF{ex:key:1605}, it is ambiguous between a participant-oriented resultative reading and an event-oriented manner reading:
A: word: bíl	 gloss: build
B: word: bíl=an	 gloss: build=3SG.OBJ
C: word: mék	 gloss: make
D: word: piso	 gloss: storey
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 150:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn ___ wɔwɔ́ stáyl.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ ugly style
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They built it (and it’s) shoddy.’ or ‘They built it shoddily.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Resultatives may be paraphrased by employing a nominal strategy. The resultative secondary predicate in \REF{ex:key:1604}, i.e. the property item wɔwɔ́ ‘be ugly, messed up’ may be vaguely paraphrased via an NP in which it appears as a prenominal modifier to the generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ \REF{ex:key:1605}. The generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ is also used in modifications of manner (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:880} in \sectref{sec:7.7.2}) and in manner question words (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:629} in \sectref{sec:7.3.2}), hence in \REF{ex:key:1605}, it is ambiguous between a participant-oriented resultative reading and an event-oriented manner reading:
A: word: púl=an	 gloss: remove=3SG.OBJ
B: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
C: word: bíl=an	 gloss: build=3SG.OBJ
D: word: jwɛ́n	 gloss: join
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 151:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn bíl=an ___ stáyl.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL build=3SG.OBJ ___ style
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They built it (and it’s) shoddy.’ or ‘They built it shoddily.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Resultatives may be paraphrased by employing a nominal strategy. The resultative secondary predicate in \REF{ex:key:1604}, i.e. the property item the morpheme ___ ‘be its gloss ___, messed up’ may be vaguely paraphrased via an NP in which it appears as a prenominal modifier to the generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ \REF{ex:key:1605}. The generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ is also used in modifications of manner (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:880} in \sectref{sec:7.7.2}) and in manner question words (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:629} in \sectref{sec:7.3.2}), hence in \REF{ex:key:1605}, it is ambiguous between a participant-oriented resultative reading and an event-oriented manner reading:
A: word: wɔ-wɔwɔ́	 gloss: ?RED.CPD-ugly
B: word: brók=an	 gloss: break=3SG.OBJ
C: word: wɔwɔ́	 gloss: ugly
D: word: farmacia	 gloss: pharmacy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 152:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn tíf di mɔní ___ stáyl.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL steal DEF money ___ style
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They stole the money secretly.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Resultatives may be paraphrased by employing a nominal strategy. The resultative secondary predicate in \REF{ex:key:1604}, i.e. the property item wɔwɔ́ ‘be ugly, messed up’ may be vaguely paraphrased via an NP in which it appears as a prenominal modifier to the generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ \REF{ex:key:1605}. The generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ is also used in modifications of manner (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:880} in \sectref{sec:7.7.2}) and in manner question words (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:629} in \sectref{sec:7.3.2}), hence in \REF{ex:key:1605}, it is ambiguous between a participant-oriented resultative reading and an event-oriented manner reading:
A: word: háyd	 gloss: hide
B: word: síkrit	 gloss: secret
C: word: stáyl	 gloss: style
D: word: ús=sík	 gloss: Q=sickness
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 153:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ___ stáyl yu ték kán na yá?
Gloss (with missing item): FOC ___ style 2SG take come LOC here
The English translation of this sentence is:‘By which means did you come here?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Resultatives may be paraphrased by employing a nominal strategy. The resultative secondary predicate in \REF{ex:key:1604}, i.e. the property item wɔwɔ́ ‘be ugly, messed up’ may be vaguely paraphrased via an NP in which it appears as a prenominal modifier to the generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ \REF{ex:key:1605}. The generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ is also used in modifications of manner (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:880} in \sectref{sec:7.7.2}) and in manner question words (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:629} in \sectref{sec:7.3.2}), hence in \REF{ex:key:1605}, it is ambiguous between a participant-oriented resultative reading and an event-oriented manner reading:
A: word: káyn	 gloss: kind
B: word: bíl	 gloss: build
C: word: ús=káyn	 gloss: Q=kind
D: word: brók=an	 gloss: break=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 154:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ús=káyn ___ yu ték kán na yá?
Gloss (with missing item): FOC Q=kind ___ 2SG take come LOC here
The English translation of this sentence is:‘By which means did you come here?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Resultatives may be paraphrased by employing a nominal strategy. The resultative secondary predicate in \REF{ex:key:1604}, i.e. the property item wɔwɔ́ ‘be ugly, messed up’ may be vaguely paraphrased via an NP in which it appears as a prenominal modifier to the generic noun the morpheme ___ ‘manner’ \REF{ex:key:1605}. The generic noun the morpheme ___ ‘manner’ is also used in modifications of manner (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:880} in \sectref{sec:7.7.2}) and in manner question words (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:629} in \sectref{sec:7.3.2}), hence in \REF{ex:key:1605}, it is ambiguous between a participant-oriented resultative reading and an event-oriented manner reading:
A: word: tayt-táyt	 gloss: RED.CPD-tighten
B: word: wɛ́r	 gloss: wear
C: word: papá	 gloss: father
D: word: stáyl	 gloss: style
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 155:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn ___ wɔwɔ́ stáyl.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ ugly style
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They built it (and it’s) shoddy.’ or ‘They built it shoddily.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Resultatives may be paraphrased by employing a nominal strategy. The resultative secondary predicate in \REF{ex:key:1604}, i.e. the property item wɔwɔ́ ‘be ugly, messed up’ may be vaguely paraphrased via an NP in which it appears as a prenominal modifier to the generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ \REF{ex:key:1605}. The generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ is also used in modifications of manner (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:880} in \sectref{sec:7.7.2}) and in manner question words (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:629} in \sectref{sec:7.3.2}), hence in \REF{ex:key:1605}, it is ambiguous between a participant-oriented resultative reading and an event-oriented manner reading:
A: word: bíl=an	 gloss: build=3SG.OBJ
B: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
C: word: púl=an	 gloss: remove=3SG.OBJ
D: word: blák	 gloss: black
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 156:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn bíl=an ___ stáyl.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL build=3SG.OBJ ___ style
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They built it (and it’s) shoddy.’ or ‘They built it shoddily.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Resultatives may be paraphrased by employing a nominal strategy. The resultative secondary predicate in \REF{ex:key:1604}, i.e. the property item the morpheme ___ ‘be its gloss ___, messed up’ may be vaguely paraphrased via an NP in which it appears as a prenominal modifier to the generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ \REF{ex:key:1605}. The generic noun stáyl ‘manner’ is also used in modifications of manner (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:880} in \sectref{sec:7.7.2}) and in manner question words (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:629} in \sectref{sec:7.3.2}), hence in \REF{ex:key:1605}, it is ambiguous between a participant-oriented resultative reading and an event-oriented manner reading:
A: word: wɔ-wɔwɔ́	 gloss: ?RED.CPD-ugly
B: word: kɛ́r=an	 gloss: carry=3SG.OBJ
C: word: wɔwɔ́	 gloss: ugly
D: word: níd=an	 gloss: need=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 157:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Lúk=an, di dé wé dís Paquita in papá bin kán ___ e pé avioneta kɔmɔ́t Alemania, rích na Douala, pé avioneta, e kán na yá só.
Gloss (with missing item): look=3SG.OBJ DEF day SUB this NAME 3SG.POSS father PST come ___ 3SG.SBJ pay small.aircraft go.out PLACE reach LOC PLACE pay small.aircraft 3SG.SBJ come LOC here like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Look at her, the day that Paquita’s father came to take her, he paid (a ticket for) a small plane, left Germany, got to Douala, paid (a ticket for) a small plane, (and) came here.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following example illustrates how the difference between clause chaining and the linkage of fully finite clauses may hinge on intonation when a series of dynamic verbs are marked for factative TMA.\is{resumptive pronouns} In \REF{ex:key:1612}, the verbs ték ‘take’, pé ‘pay’, kɔmɔ́t ‘go out’, rích ‘arrive’, and pé ‘pay’ are iconically ordered along the time axis and describe successive events. However, they are separated by pauses. Additionally, the last constituent of each clause bears continuative intonation\is{continuative intonation} (indicated by a comma), which alerts the hearer to the existence of a clausal boundary. For these reasons, \REF{ex:key:1612} does not involve clause chaining:
A: word: gɛ́t=an	 gloss: get=3SG.OBJ
B: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
C: word: lapá	 gloss: cloth
D: word: ték=an	 gloss: take=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 158:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Lúk=an, di dé wé dís Paquita in papá bin kán ték=an, e ___ avioneta kɔmɔ́t Alemania, rích na Douala, pé avioneta, e kán na yá só.
Gloss (with missing item): look=3SG.OBJ DEF day SUB this NAME 3SG.POSS father PST come take=3SG.OBJ 3SG.SBJ ___ small.aircraft go.out PLACE reach LOC PLACE pay small.aircraft 3SG.SBJ come LOC here like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Look at her, the day that Paquita’s father came to take her, he paid (a ticket for) a small plane, left Germany, got to Douala, paid (a ticket for) a small plane, (and) came here.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following example illustrates how the difference between clause chaining and the linkage of fully finite clauses may hinge on intonation when a series of dynamic verbs are marked for factative TMA.\is{resumptive pronouns} In \REF{ex:key:1612}, the verbs ték ‘take’, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, kɔmɔ́t ‘go out’, rích ‘arrive’, and the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ are iconically ordered along the time axis and describe successive events. However, they are separated by pauses. Additionally, the last constituent of each clause bears continuative intonation\is{continuative intonation} (indicated by a comma), which alerts the hearer to the existence of a clausal boundary. For these reasons, \REF{ex:key:1612} does not involve clause chaining:
A: word: lapá	 gloss: cloth
B: word: pé	 gloss: pay
C: word: pépa	 gloss: paper
D: word: fés	 gloss: face
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 159:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Lúk=an, di dé wé dís Paquita in papá bin kán ték=an, e pé avioneta ___ Alemania, rích na Douala, pé avioneta, e kán na yá só.
Gloss (with missing item): look=3SG.OBJ DEF day SUB this NAME 3SG.POSS father PST come take=3SG.OBJ 3SG.SBJ pay small.aircraft ___ PLACE reach LOC PLACE pay small.aircraft 3SG.SBJ come LOC here like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Look at her, the day that Paquita’s father came to take her, he paid (a ticket for) a small plane, left Germany, got to Douala, paid (a ticket for) a small plane, (and) came here.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following example illustrates how the difference between clause chaining and the linkage of fully finite clauses may hinge on intonation when a series of dynamic verbs are marked for factative TMA.\is{resumptive pronouns} In \REF{ex:key:1612}, the verbs ték ‘take’, pé ‘pay’, the morpheme ___ ‘go out’, rích ‘arrive’, and pé ‘pay’ are iconically ordered along the time axis and describe successive events. However, they are separated by pauses. Additionally, the last constituent of each clause bears continuative intonation\is{continuative intonation} (indicated by a comma), which alerts the hearer to the existence of a clausal boundary. For these reasons, \REF{ex:key:1612} does not involve clause chaining:
A: word: ték=an	 gloss: take=3SG.OBJ
B: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: go.out
C: word: somos	 gloss: we.are
D: word: domɔ́t	 gloss: door
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B