cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 419:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di klós dɛn de ___ yú yun-bɔ́y.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF clothing PL IPFV ___ 2SG.INDP be.young.CPD-boy
The English translation of this sentence is:‘These clothes make you (appear) a young man.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:key:1338} is an equative clause{\fff} featuring the identity copula/focus marker na ‘\textsc{foc}’. The causative equivalent in \REF{ex:key:1339} once more features the resultative causative verb the morpheme ___, as well as the compound noun and resultative complement yun-bɔ́y ‘young.\textsc{cpd}-boy’:
A: word: swɛla	 gloss: swallow
B: word: lɛ́f	 gloss: leave
C: word: taksí	 gloss: taxi
D: word: lɛ́f=an	 gloss: leave=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 420:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Lotería dɔ́n ___ mék mi mɔní bɔkú.
Gloss (with missing item): lottery PRF ___ SBJV 1SG.POSS money be.much
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The lottery has made my money become a lot.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An interesting semantic aspect of the use of resultative causatives is that they are not attested with human causers occupying the agent\is{agent} role. All recorded instances of resultative causatives feature inanimate force\is{force} causers in the subject\is{subjects} position. I assume that speakers prefer to employ causative constructions featuring the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ where the causer is human, or where they intend to convey a notion of strong agency on the part of the causer even if it is inanimate (e.g. sentence \REF{ex:key:1321} above with the force causer lotería ‘lottery’ and the property item bɔkú ‘be much’ as a verb of effect).
A: word: jám	 gloss: make.contact
B: word: lɛ́f=an	 gloss: leave=3SG.OBJ
C: word: mék	 gloss: make
D: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 421:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Lotería dɔ́n mék ___ mi mɔní bɔkú.
Gloss (with missing item): lottery PRF make ___ 1SG.POSS money be.much
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The lottery has made my money become a lot.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An interesting semantic aspect of the use of resultative causatives is that they are not attested with human causers occupying the agent\is{agent} role. All recorded instances of resultative causatives feature inanimate force\is{force} causers in the subject\is{subjects} position. I assume that speakers prefer to employ causative constructions featuring the morpheme ___ ‘make’ where the causer is human, or where they intend to convey a notion of strong agency on the part of the causer even if it is inanimate (e.g. sentence \REF{ex:key:1321} above with the force causer lotería ‘lottery’ and the property item bɔkú ‘be much’ as a verb of effect).
A: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
B: word: mék	 gloss: SBJV
C: word: sí=an	 gloss: see=3SG.OBJ
D: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 422:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu húman ___ bíg húman, e hád fɔ pút yu sɛ́f bíg mán.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG woman ___ big woman 3SG.SBJ hard PREP put 2SG self big man
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If your wife is an important woman, it is difficult to make yourself an important man.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb pút ‘put’ is also used as a causative verb in a few instances in the corpus. In \REF{ex:key:1340} below, pút is employed like lɛ́f in \REF{ex:key:1335} and \REF{ex:key:1339} above in order to express the resultative causative equivalent of a non-causative equative clause{\fff}. The sentence contains the non-causative equative clause yu húman the morpheme ___ bíg húman ‘your wife is an important woman’ and the causative equivalent pút yu sɛ́f bíg mán ‘make yourself an important man’:{\fff}
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: tɔ́k	 gloss: talk
C: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
D: word: na	 gloss: FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 423:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu húman na ___ húman, e hád fɔ pút yu sɛ́f bíg mán.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG woman FOC ___ woman 3SG.SBJ hard PREP put 2SG self big man
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If your wife is an important woman, it is difficult to make yourself an important man.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb pút ‘put’ is also used as a causative verb in a few instances in the corpus. In \REF{ex:key:1340} below, pút is employed like lɛ́f in \REF{ex:key:1335} and \REF{ex:key:1339} above in order to express the resultative causative equivalent of a non-causative equative clause{\fff}. The sentence contains the non-causative equative clause yu húman na the morpheme ___ húman ‘your wife is an important woman’ and the causative equivalent pút yu sɛ́f the morpheme ___ mán ‘make yourself an important man’:{\fff}
A: word: bíg	 gloss: big
B: word: évi	 gloss: be.heavy
C: word: fáyn	 gloss: fine
D: word: bíl	 gloss: build
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 424:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu húman na bíg ___ e hád fɔ pút yu sɛ́f bíg mán.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG woman FOC big ___ 3SG.SBJ hard PREP put 2SG self big man
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If your wife is an important woman, it is difficult to make yourself an important man.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb pút ‘put’ is also used as a causative verb in a few instances in the corpus. In \REF{ex:key:1340} below, pút is employed like lɛ́f in \REF{ex:key:1335} and \REF{ex:key:1339} above in order to express the resultative causative equivalent of a non-causative equative clause{\fff}. The sentence contains the non-causative equative clause yu the morpheme ___ na bíg the morpheme ___ ‘your wife is an important its gloss ___’ and the causative equivalent pút yu sɛ́f bíg mán ‘make yourself an important man’:{\fff}
A: word: húman	 gloss: woman
B: word: dama	 gloss: lady
C: word: semana	 gloss: week
D: word: líng	 gloss: lean
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 425:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu húman na bíg húman, e hád fɔ ___ yu sɛ́f bíg mán.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG woman FOC big woman 3SG.SBJ hard PREP ___ 2SG self big man
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If your wife is an important woman, it is difficult to make yourself an important man.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is also used as a causative verb in a few instances in the corpus. In \REF{ex:key:1340} below, the morpheme ___ is employed like lɛ́f in \REF{ex:key:1335} and \REF{ex:key:1339} above in order to express the resultative causative equivalent of a non-causative equative clause{\fff}. The sentence contains the non-causative equative clause yu húman na bíg húman ‘your wife is an important woman’ and the causative equivalent the morpheme ___ yu sɛ́f bíg mán ‘make yourself an important man’:{\fff}
A: word: pút=an	 gloss: put=3SG.OBJ
B: word: háw	 gloss: how
C: word: pút	 gloss: put
D: word: bád	 gloss: bad
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 426:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu húman na bíg húman, e hád fɔ pút yu sɛ́f ___ mán.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG woman FOC big woman 3SG.SBJ hard PREP put 2SG self ___ man
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If your wife is an important woman, it is difficult to make yourself an important man.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb pút ‘put’ is also used as a causative verb in a few instances in the corpus. In \REF{ex:key:1340} below, pút is employed like lɛ́f in \REF{ex:key:1335} and \REF{ex:key:1339} above in order to express the resultative causative equivalent of a non-causative equative clause{\fff}. The sentence contains the non-causative equative clause yu húman na the morpheme ___ húman ‘your wife is an important woman’ and the causative equivalent pút yu sɛ́f the morpheme ___ mán ‘make yourself an important man’:{\fff}
A: word: évi	 gloss: be.heavy
B: word: bíg	 gloss: big
C: word: plé	 gloss: play
D: word: bíl	 gloss: build
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 427:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ yú yún.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ ___ 2SG.INDP be.young
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It makes/made you (appear) young.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb pút ‘put’ is also used as a causative verb in a few instances in the corpus. In \REF{ex:key:1340} below, pút is employed like the morpheme ___ in \REF{ex:key:1335} and \REF{ex:key:1339} above in order to express the resultative causative equivalent of a non-causative equative clause{\fff}. The sentence contains the non-causative equative clause yu húman na bíg húman ‘your wife is an important woman’ and the causative equivalent pút yu sɛ́f bíg mán ‘make yourself an important man’:{\fff}
A: word: ren-sísin	 gloss: rainy.CPD{}-season
B: word: lɛ́f=an	 gloss: leave=3SG.OBJ
C: word: wán	 gloss: one
D: word: lɛ́f	 gloss: leave
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 428:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di klós dɛn de ___ yú yun-bɔ́y.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF clothing PL IPFV ___ 2SG.INDP be.young.CPD-boy
The English translation of this sentence is:‘These clothes make you (appear) a young man.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The verb pút ‘put’ is also used as a causative verb in a few instances in the corpus. In \REF{ex:key:1340} below, pút is employed like the morpheme ___ in \REF{ex:key:1335} and \REF{ex:key:1339} above in order to express the resultative causative equivalent of a non-causative equative clause{\fff}. The sentence contains the non-causative equative clause yu húman na bíg húman ‘your wife is an important woman’ and the causative equivalent pút yu sɛ́f bíg mán ‘make yourself an important man’:{\fff}
A: word: mɛ́mba	 gloss: think.of
B: word: blancas	 gloss: white.PL
C: word: lɛ́f=an	 gloss: leave=3SG.OBJ
D: word: lɛ́f	 gloss: leave
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 429:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ de wɛ́r wáyt ɔ́p violeta dɔ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ IPFV wear white up violet down
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They [the pupils] wear white up (and) violet down.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A backgrounding passive may be formed by using impersonal the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{3pl’} in the subject position. To begin with, the \textsc{3pl} personal pronoun the morpheme ___ may be used generically to refer to a loosely specified collective. Example \REF{ex:key:1341} features the generic, impersonal use of the morpheme ___ in a transitive clause: \is{agent}
A: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: sté	 gloss: stay
D: word: dɛn-ɔ́l	 gloss: 3PL.CPD-all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 430:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di ___ strét.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF ___ be.straight
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The road is straight.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following two sentences exemplify the pragmatic and syntactic rearrangements which go along with the use of the labile\is{labile verbs} property item strét ‘be straight, straighten’ in an intransitive \REF{ex:key:1343} and a transitive clause \REF{ex:key:1344}, respectively. In the intransitive clause, the subject\is{subjects} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is patient\is{patient} to the inchoative-stative verb strét. In the transitive clause, impersonal dɛn in subject position denotes the backgrounded agent, while the patient the morpheme ___ is now in object position:
A: word: ród	 gloss: road
B: word: brók=an	 gloss: break=3SG.OBJ
C: word: dɛn-ɔl-tú	 gloss: 3PL.CPD-all.CPD-two
D: word: strít	 gloss: street
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 431:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dɔ́n strét di ród.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PRF straighten DEF road
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The road has been straightened.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The following two sentences exemplify the pragmatic and syntactic rearrangements which go along with the use of the labile\is{labile verbs} property item strét ‘be straight, straighten’ in an intransitive \REF{ex:key:1343} and a transitive clause \REF{ex:key:1344}, respectively. In the intransitive clause, the subject\is{subjects} ród ‘road’ is patient\is{patient} to the inchoative-stative verb strét. In the transitive clause, impersonal the morpheme ___ in subject position denotes the backgrounded agent, while the patient ród is now in object position:
A: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: dɛn-ɔ́l	 gloss: 3PL.CPD-all
D: word: torí	 gloss: story
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 432:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ bɛ́t=an na fám.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ bite=3SG.OBJ LOC farm
The English translation of this sentence is:?‘She was bitten on the farm.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Impersonal the morpheme ___ always refers to an unspecified group of animate, usually human agents. The lower the agent is on the animacy scale, and hence its capacity of volition and instigation, the less likely it is to be referred to by impersonal the morpheme ___. For example, \REF{ex:key:1345} sounds awkward, since the backgrounded agent is construed as animate and human. A situation involving a non-human agent like snék ‘snake’ is therefore more likely to be expressed through an ‘active’ clause with a foregrounded agent in subject position \REF{ex:key:1346}: \is{animacy}
A: word: dɛn-ɔ́l	 gloss: 3PL.CPD-all
B: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: tɔ́k	 gloss: talk
D: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 433:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn ___ na fám.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ LOC farm
The English translation of this sentence is:?‘She was bitten on the farm.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Impersonal dɛn always refers to an unspecified group of animate, usually human agents. The lower the agent is on the animacy scale, and hence its capacity of volition and instigation, the less likely it is to be referred to by impersonal dɛn. For example, \REF{ex:key:1345} sounds awkward, since the backgrounded agent is construed as animate and human. A situation involving a non-human agent like snék ‘snake’ is therefore more likely to be expressed through an ‘active’ clause with a foregrounded agent in subject position \REF{ex:key:1346}: \is{animacy}
A: word: gɛ́t=an	 gloss: get=3SG.OBJ
B: word: rén	 gloss: rain
C: word: bɛ́t=an	 gloss: bite=3SG.OBJ
D: word: chɔ́p=an	 gloss: eat=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 434:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ bɛ́t=an na fám.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ bite=3SG.OBJ LOC farm
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A snake bit her on the farm.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Impersonal dɛn always refers to an unspecified group of animate, usually human agents. The lower the agent is on the animacy scale, and hence its capacity of volition and instigation, the less likely it is to be referred to by impersonal dɛn. For example, \REF{ex:key:1345} sounds awkward, since the backgrounded agent is construed as animate and human. A situation involving a non-human agent like the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is therefore more likely to be expressed through an ‘active’ clause with a foregrounded agent in subject position \REF{ex:key:1346}: \is{animacy}
A: word: snék	 gloss: snake
B: word: ték	 gloss: take
C: word: bitáwt	 gloss: without
D: word: mono	 gloss: monkey
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 435:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Snék ___ na fám.
Gloss (with missing item): snake ___ LOC farm
The English translation of this sentence is:‘A snake bit her on the farm.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Impersonal dɛn always refers to an unspecified group of animate, usually human agents. The lower the agent is on the animacy scale, and hence its capacity of volition and instigation, the less likely it is to be referred to by impersonal dɛn. For example, \REF{ex:key:1345} sounds awkward, since the backgrounded agent is construed as animate and human. A situation involving a non-human agent like snék ‘snake’ is therefore more likely to be expressed through an ‘active’ clause with a foregrounded agent in subject position \REF{ex:key:1346}: \is{animacy}
A: word: níd	 gloss: need
B: word: gɛ́t=an	 gloss: get=3SG.OBJ
C: word: chɔ́p=an	 gloss: eat=3SG.OBJ
D: word: bɛ́t=an	 gloss: bite=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D