cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na só dɛn de mék café ___ dí sáy.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC like.that 3PL IPFV make coffee ___ this side
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s how they make coffee here.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, the morpheme ___ may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to the morpheme ___ (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: na	 gloss: LOC
C: word: slíp	 gloss: sleep
D: word: para	 gloss: stop
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na só dɛn de mék café na ___ sáy.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC like.that 3PL IPFV make coffee LOC ___ side
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s how they make coffee here.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition na ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, na may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to na (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to na ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: dí	 gloss: this
B: word: bɔ́dí	 gloss: body
C: word: rích	 gloss: reach
D: word: dís-tín	 gloss: this-thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn ___ fɔ dán butaca.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ PREP this armchair
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They’re sitting reclined in that armchair.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition na ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, na may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to na (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to na ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: mɔ́t	 gloss: mouth
B: word: líng=an	 gloss: lean=3SG.OBJ
C: word: líng	 gloss: lean
D: word: kɛ́r	 gloss: take
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu gɛ́fɔ ___ fɔ yu fámbul.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG have.to ___ PREP 2SG family
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You had to go to your family.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition na ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, na may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to na (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to na ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: gó	 gloss: go
B: word: baja	 gloss: go.down
C: word: ɔ́p	 gloss: up
D: word: gó”	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu gɛ́fɔ gó ___ yu fámbul.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG have.to go ___ 2SG family
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You had to go to your family.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition na ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, na may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to na (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to na ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: remata	 gloss: finish.off
B: word: fɔ́s	 gloss: first
C: word: fɔ	 gloss: PREP
D: word: ápás	 gloss: after
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu gɛ́fɔ gó fɔ ___ fámbul.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG have.to go PREP ___ family
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You had to go to your family.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition na ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, na may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to na (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to na ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: ‘yu	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: malábo	 gloss: Malabo
D: word: yu	 gloss: 2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A bin ___ wán motó fɔ mi mása.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ PST ___ one car PREP 1SG.POSS boss
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I bought a car for/from my boss.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition na ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, na may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to na (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to na ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: stík	 gloss: wood
B: word: báy	 gloss: buy
C: word: sɛ́l	 gloss: sell
D: word: báy=an	 gloss: buy=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A bin báy wán motó ___ mi mása.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ PST buy one car ___ 1SG.POSS boss
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I bought a car for/from my boss.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition na ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, na may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to na (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to na ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: fɔ́s	 gloss: first
B: word: dáy	 gloss: die
C: word: fɔ	 gloss: PREP
D: word: kán	 gloss: PFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di ríba e ___ di hós.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF river 3SG.SBJ ___ DEF house
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The river flows around the house.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \tabref{tab:key:8.2} presents the repertoire of locative nouns. The distribution of these elements (cf. \tabref{tab:key:8.3} further below) reflects their heterogeneity and intermediary status between noun and preposition. Circumferential location is expressed via the locative verb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:937}) and distal location by means of the multifunctional word fá(wé) ‘(be) far’ (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:895}). In Pichi, body part nouns such as bák ‘back’ or fés ‘face’ are not usually employed to express location roles.
A: word: rúm	 gloss: room
B: word: wétin	 gloss: what
C: word: ráwn	 gloss: surround
D: word: náw	 gloss: now
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) mék yu tɔ́n=an, porque ___ go rós.
Gloss (with missing item): (...) SBJV 2SG turn=3SG.OBJ because ___ POT burn
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) turn it, because the bottom might burn.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative nouns have characteristics in common with ordinary nouns. They may occur in the position of \textsc{NP}s, for example as subjects \REF{ex:key:910} or as goal objects\is{objects} of movement verbs, like rích ‘arrive’ \REF{ex:key:911}. In both cases, an explicit mention of the ground is not required:
A: word: pantáp	 gloss: top
B: word: tumára	 gloss: tomorrow
C: word: tɔn-tɔ́n	 gloss: RED.CPD-turn
D: word: bɔtɔ́n	 gloss: bottom
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu de klém fɔ ___ pantáp.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG IPFV climb PREP ___ top
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You’re climbing in order to reach the top.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative nouns have characteristics in common with ordinary nouns. They may occur in the position of \textsc{NP}s, for example as subjects \REF{ex:key:910} or as goal objects\is{objects} of movement verbs, like the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ \REF{ex:key:911}. In both cases, an explicit mention of the ground is not required:
A: word: jám	 gloss: make.contact
B: word: píchi	 gloss: Pichi
C: word: rích	 gloss: arrive
D: word: spún	 gloss: spoon
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) e ___ ɔ́p, gó só!
Gloss (with missing item): (...) 3SG.SBJ ___ up go like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) it’s [farther] up, go this way!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the same vein, a locative noun can appear as the adverbial complement of the locative-existential copula the morpheme ___ \textsc{‘be.loc’} \REF{ex:key:912}:\is{complements!copula complements}
A: word: ser	 gloss: be
B: word: domɔ́t	 gloss: door
C: word: dé”	 gloss: BE.LOC
D: word: dé	 gloss: BE.LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) e dé ___ gó só!
Gloss (with missing item): (...) 3SG.SBJ BE.LOC ___ go like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) it’s [farther] up, go this way!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the same vein, a locative noun can appear as the adverbial complement of the locative-existential copula dé \textsc{‘be.loc’} \REF{ex:key:912}:\is{complements!copula complements}
A: word: ɔ́p	 gloss: up
B: word: chɔ́p	 gloss: food
C: word: viernes	 gloss: Friday
D: word: gráp	 gloss: get.up
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di glás ___ di domɔ́t.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF glass ___ DEF door
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The glass is near the door.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The locative nouns the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, kɔ́na ‘next to’, nadó ‘outside’, and bifó ‘before, front’ are not normally found as complements to na ‘\textsc{loc}’ in prepositional phrases\is{prepositional phrases} like the ones above. The peculiar distribution of the morpheme ___ and kɔ́na may be due to their multifunctionality. Nía also functions as a locative verb ‘be its gloss ___’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:939}), kɔ́na as a common noun ‘corner’, and bifó as a time clause linker ‘before’ (cf. \sectref{sec:10.7.3}). In \REF{ex:key:933} below, kɔ́na is employed as a locative noun, in the following example \REF{ex:key:916}, as a common noun:
A: word: nía	 gloss: near
B: word: camerún	 gloss: PLACE
C: word: tidé	 gloss: today
D: word: mɔní	 gloss: money
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E pás ___ mí.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ pass ___ 1SG.INDP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He went past next to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The locative nouns nía ‘near’, the morpheme ___ ‘next to’, nadó ‘outside’, and bifó ‘before, front’ are not normally found as complements to na ‘\textsc{loc}’ in prepositional phrases\is{prepositional phrases} like the ones above. The peculiar distribution of nía and the morpheme ___ may be due to their multifunctionality. Nía also functions as a locative verb ‘be near’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:939}), the morpheme ___ as a common noun ‘corner’, and bifó as a time clause linker ‘before’ (cf. \sectref{sec:10.7.3}). In \REF{ex:key:933} below, the morpheme ___ is employed as a locative noun, in the following example \REF{ex:key:916}, as a common noun:
A: word: nɛ́ks	 gloss: next
B: word: rɔ́n	 gloss: run
C: word: kɔ́na	 gloss: next.to
D: word: sɛkɔ́n	 gloss: second
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E de sɛ́l e de pút smɔ́l smɔ́l wán fɔ ___ mék e fít bák dán mán in mɔní.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ IPFV sell 3SG.SBJ IPFV put small RED one PREP ___ SBJV 3SG.SBJ can return that man 3SG.POSS money
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) she’s selling (and) she’s putting a bit at the side in order to be able to give that man back his money.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The locative nouns nía ‘near’, the morpheme ___ ‘next to’, nadó ‘outside’, and bifó ‘before, front’ are not normally found as complements to na ‘\textsc{loc}’ in prepositional phrases\is{prepositional phrases} like the ones above. The peculiar distribution of nía and the morpheme ___ may be due to their multifunctionality. Nía also functions as a locative verb ‘be near’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:939}), the morpheme ___ as a common noun ‘its gloss ___’, and bifó as a time clause linker ‘before’ (cf. \sectref{sec:10.7.3}). In \REF{ex:key:933} below, the morpheme ___ is employed as a locative noun, in the following example \REF{ex:key:916}, as a common noun:
A: word: kɔ́na	 gloss: corner
B: word: sɛkɔ́n	 gloss: second
C: word: ɔ́l	 gloss: all
D: word: cruza-cruza	 gloss: cross.CPD{}-cross
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E dé ___ sáy.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ BE.LOC ___ side
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She’s at the front.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the locative nouns the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, bihɛ́n ‘behind’, ɔ́p ‘upperside’, and dɔ́n ‘downside’ appear in a nominal position, speakers tend to employ an associative construction featuring the generic place noun sáy ‘side, place’ \REF{ex:key:918} and sometimes pát ‘part, place’ \REF{ex:key:919} as a modified noun and the locative noun as a modifier noun. This construction, which serves to derive a nominal structure, is favoured with these nouns when a ground is not mentioned. Compare \REF{ex:key:917} with an explicit ground (i.e. di hós ‘the house’) and the two sentences thereafter without mention of a ground:
A: word: áfta	 gloss: then
B: word: bifó	 gloss: before
C: word: bigín	 gloss: begin
D: word: ínsay	 gloss: inside
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B