cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di pépa dé ___ tébul.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF paper BE.LOC ___ table
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The paper is on the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative prepositions introduce adverbial prepositiothe morpheme ___l phrases\is{prepositiothe morpheme ___l phrases}. Prepositions differ from locative nouns because they cannot be employed in the syntactic position of nouns. Prepositions require explicit mention of the ground, which is usually a nomithe morpheme ___l complement \is{complements}(\ref{ex:key:900}–\ref{ex:key:901}). The prepositions fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’, pan ‘on’, and wet ‘with’ may however be stranded\is{stranding} in questions, cf. (\ref{ex:key:594}–\ref{ex:key:595}), as well as in relative clauses.
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: na	 gloss: LOC
C: word: bifó	 gloss: before
D: word: fláy	 gloss: fly
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) e lɛ́f dɛ́n ___ di tébul.
Gloss (with missing item): (...) 3SG.SBJ leave 3PL.INDP ___ DEF table
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) she left them on the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative prepositiits gloss ___s introduce adverbial prepositiits gloss ___al phrases\is{prepositiits gloss ___al phrases}. Prepositiits gloss ___s differ from locative nouns because they cannot be employed in the syntactic positiits gloss ___ of nouns. Prepositiits gloss ___s require explicit mentiits gloss ___ of the ground, which is usually a nominal complement \is{complements}(\ref{ex:key:900}–\ref{ex:key:901}). The prepositiits gloss ___s fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, and wet ‘with’ may however be stranded\is{stranding} in questiits gloss ___s, cf. (\ref{ex:key:594}–\ref{ex:key:595}), as well as in relative clauses.
A: word: púl	 gloss: remove
B: word: pan	 gloss: on
C: word: salút	 gloss: greet
D: word: panyá	 gloss: Spanish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yu wánt sabí fɔ?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG want know PREP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘What do you want to know for?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative prepositions introduce adverbial prepositional phrases\is{prepositional phrases}. Prepositions differ from locative nouns because they cannot be employed in the syntactic position of nouns. Prepositions require explicit mention of the ground, which is usually a nominal complement \is{complements}(\ref{ex:key:900}–\ref{ex:key:901}). The prepositions fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’, pan ‘on’, and wet ‘with’ may however be stranded\is{stranding} in questions, cf. (\ref{ex:key:594}–\ref{ex:key:595}), as well as in relative clauses.
A: word: wétin	 gloss: what
B: word: viernes	 gloss: Friday
C: word: listin	 gloss: listen
D: word: tín	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wétin yu wánt sabí ___
Gloss (with missing item): what 2SG want know ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘What do you want to know for?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative prepositions introduce adverbial prepositional phrases\is{prepositional phrases}. Prepositions differ from locative nouns because they cannot be employed in the syntactic position of nouns. Prepositions require explicit mention of the ground, which is usually a nominal complement \is{complements}(\ref{ex:key:900}–\ref{ex:key:901}). The prepositions the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{prep}’, pan ‘on’, and wet ‘with’ may however be stranded\is{stranding} in questions, cf. (\ref{ex:key:594}–\ref{ex:key:595}), as well as in relative clauses.
A: word: fɔ́s	 gloss: first
B: word: fɔ	 gloss: PREP
C: word: jwɛn-jwɛ́n	 gloss: RED.CPD{}-join
D: word: pín	 gloss: stick
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{U}s=mán yu bin de tɔ́k ___ yɛ́stadé?
Gloss (with missing item): Q=man 2SG PST IPFV talk ___ yesterday
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Who were you talking with yesterday?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locative prepositions introduce adverbial prepositional phrases\is{prepositional phrases}. Prepositions differ from locative nouns because they cannot be employed in the syntactic position of nouns. Prepositions require explicit mention of the ground, which is usually a nominal complement \is{complements}(\ref{ex:key:900}–\ref{ex:key:901}). The prepositions fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’, pan ‘on’, and the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ may however be stranded\is{stranding} in questions, cf. (\ref{ex:key:594}–\ref{ex:key:595}), as well as in relative clauses.
A: word: tumɔ́ro	 gloss: tomorrow
B: word: wet=an	 gloss: with=3SG.OBJ
C: word: wet	 gloss: with
D: word: bueno	 gloss: well
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wé in mamá dáy, na ___ dé e bigín krés.
Gloss (with missing item): SUB 3SG.POSS mother die FOC ___ there 3SG.SBJ begin be.crazy
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When his mother died, that’s when he began to go insane.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Next to full nouns, locative adverbs may also function as complements to prepositions. Take note of the temporal meaning of the locative adverb dé ‘there’ in \REF{ex:key:902}:
A: word: por	 gloss: by
B: word: frɔn	 gloss: from
C: word: slíp	 gloss: sleep
D: word: rɔn-rɔ́n	 gloss: RED.CPD-run
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wé in mamá dáy, na frɔn ___ e bigín krés.
Gloss (with missing item): SUB 3SG.POSS mother die FOC from ___ 3SG.SBJ begin be.crazy
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When his mother died, that’s when he began to go insane.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Next to full nouns, locative adverbs may also function as complements to prepositions. Take note of the temporal meaning of the locative adverb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:key:902}:
A: word: muchachita	 gloss: young.girl
B: word: ɔ́p	 gloss: up
C: word: dé	 gloss: there
D: word: dé”	 gloss: BE.LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E bin pás ___ mi hós.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ PST pass ___ 1SG.POSS house
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She passed by my house [to see me].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Persothe morpheme ___l pronouns do not normally occur as complements to the general (locative) prepositions the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{loc’} and fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}. Pichi employs other means of expressing the relevant notions. For example, the ground may be the morpheme ___med more specifically as in \REF{ex:key:907} or an idiomatic expression may be used, as in \REF{ex:key:991} further below:
A: word: dís-tín	 gloss: this-thing
B: word: ráwn	 gloss: surround
C: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
D: word: na	 gloss: LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E bin pás na ___ hós.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ PST pass LOC ___ house
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She passed by my house [to see me].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Personal pronouns do not normally occur as complements to the general (locative) prepositions na ‘\textsc{loc’} and fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}. Pichi employs other means of expressing the relevant notions. For example, the ground may be named more specifically as in \REF{ex:key:907} or an idiomatic expression may be used, as in \REF{ex:key:991} further below:
A: word: mi	 gloss: 1SG.POSS
B: word: ‘yu	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: vɔ́mit	 gloss: vomit
D: word: pantáp	 gloss: top
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn púl di motó ___ in hán.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL remove DEF car ___ 3SG.POSS hand
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They seized the car from him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Persothe morpheme ___l pronouns do not normally occur as complements to the general (locative) prepositions the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{loc’} and fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}. Pichi employs other means of expressing the relevant notions. For example, the ground may be the morpheme ___med more specifically as in \REF{ex:key:907} or an idiomatic expression may be used, as in \REF{ex:key:991} further below:
A: word: ógi	 gloss: corn.porridge
B: word: pikín	 gloss: child
C: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
D: word: na	 gloss: LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn púl di motó na ___ hán.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL remove DEF car LOC ___ hand
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They seized the car from him.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Personal pronouns do not normally occur as complements to the general (locative) prepositions na ‘\textsc{loc’} and fɔ ‘\textsc{prep’}. Pichi employs other means of expressthe morpheme ___g the relevant notions. For example, the ground may be named more specifically as the morpheme ___ \REF{ex:key:907} or an idiomatic expression may be used, as the morpheme ___ \REF{ex:key:991} further below:
A: word: chapea	 gloss: weed
B: word: ívin	 gloss: evening
C: word: in	 gloss: 3SG.POSS
D: word: para	 gloss: stop
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu gó ___ yu kɔ́mpin yu sé “chico dán gɛ́l de bɔ́t mi”.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG go ___ 2SG friend 2SG QUOT boy that girl IPFV hit.with.head 1SG.INDP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You go to your friend (and) you say “man, that girl is rejecting me”.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition the morpheme ___ ‘the morpheme ___’ is rare. It is employed with a locative function the morpheme ___ mark a goal \REF{ex:key:908}. The following sentences represent two of althe morpheme ___gether four occurrences of this preposition in the corpus. I point out that in \REF{ex:key:909}, the preposition the morpheme ___ is used the morpheme ___ mark the goal in a motion-direction SVC in the same position as na ‘\textsc{loc}’ or fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:957}). The use of the morpheme ___ as a complementiser\is{complementisers} is even more marginal (cf. \ref{ex:key:1280} for an example involving the main verb of cognition nó ‘know (how the morpheme ___)) and is not common with the vast majority of speakers:
A: word: puerto	 gloss: harbour
B: word: jám=an	 gloss: make.contact=3SG.OBJ
C: word: isla	 gloss: island
D: word: to	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wé dɛn bin kɛ́r=an gó ___ dɔ́kta, (...)
Gloss (with missing item): SUB 3PL PST carry=3SG.OBJ go ___ doctor (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘When they took her to the doctor, (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition the morpheme ___ ‘the morpheme ___’ is rare. It is employed with a locative function the morpheme ___ mark a goal \REF{ex:key:908}. The following sentences represent two of althe morpheme ___gether four occurrences of this preposition in the corpus. I point out that in \REF{ex:key:909}, the preposition the morpheme ___ is used the morpheme ___ mark the goal in a motion-direction SVC in the same position as na ‘\textsc{loc}’ or fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:957}). The use of the morpheme ___ as a complementiser\is{complementisers} is even more marginal (cf. \ref{ex:key:1280} for an example involving the main verb of cognition nó ‘know (how the morpheme ___)) and is not common with the vast majority of speakers:
A: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: go.away
B: word: to	 gloss: to
C: word: báy	 gloss: buy
D: word: puerto	 gloss: harbour
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) wé yu nó nó to fíks wán klós, to ___ wán klós (...)
Gloss (with missing item): (...) SUB 2SG NEG know to fix one clothing to ___ one clothing (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) when you don’t know how to fix a dress, to sew a dress (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition to ‘to’ is rare. It is employed with a locative function to mark a goal \REF{ex:key:908}. The following sentences represent two of altogether four occurrences of this preposition in the corpus. I point out that in \REF{ex:key:909}, the preposition to is used to mark the goal in a motion-direction SVC in the same position as na ‘\textsc{loc}’ or fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:957}). The use of to as a complementiser\is{complementisers} is even more marginal (cf. \ref{ex:key:1280} for an example involving the main verb of cognition nó ‘know (how to)) and is not common with the vast majority of speakers:
A: word: tumɔ́ro	 gloss: tomorrow
B: word: sóté	 gloss: until
C: word: só	 gloss: sew
D: word: las-nɛ́t	 gloss: last.CPD-night
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) wé yu nó nó to fíks wán klós, to só ___ klós (...)
Gloss (with missing item): (...) SUB 2SG NEG know to fix one clothing to sew ___ clothing (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) when you don’t know how to fix a dress, to sew a dress (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition to ‘to’ is rare. It is employed with a locative function to mark a goal \REF{ex:key:908}. The following sentences represent two of altogether four occurrences of this preposition in the corpus. I point out that in \REF{ex:key:909}, the preposition to is used to mark the goal in a motion-direction SVC in the same position as na ‘\textsc{loc}’ or fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:957}). The use of to as a complementiser\is{complementisers} is even more marginal (cf. \ref{ex:key:1280} for an example involving the main verb of cognition nó ‘know (how to)) and is not common with the vast majority of speakers:
A: word: wánt	 gloss: want
B: word: wán	 gloss: one
C: word: recibe	 gloss: receive
D: word: wáns	 gloss: once
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) wé yu nó nó to fíks wán klós, to só wán ___ (...)
Gloss (with missing item): (...) SUB 2SG NEG know to fix one clothing to sew one ___ (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) when you don’t know how to fix a dress, to sew a dress (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition to ‘to’ is rare. It is employed with a locative function to mark a goal \REF{ex:key:908}. The following sentences represent two of altogether four occurrences of this preposition in the corpus. I point out that in \REF{ex:key:909}, the preposition to is used to mark the goal in a motion-direction SVC in the same position as na ‘\textsc{loc}’ or fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:957}). The use of to as a complementiser\is{complementisers} is even more marginal (cf. \ref{ex:key:1280} for an example involving the main verb of cognition nó ‘know (how to)) and is not common with the vast majority of speakers:
A: word: dás	 gloss: give.as.present
B: word: hós	 gloss: house
C: word: wɛ́r	 gloss: wear
D: word: klós	 gloss: clothing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di pépa dé ___ tébul.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF paper BE.LOC ___ table
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The paper is on the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The preposition the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{loc}’ expresses location in the most general way. Depending on context, the morpheme ___ may denote superior \REF{ex:key:900}, interior, proximate, or lateral \REF{ex:key:906} location. The associative preposition fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is employed as a general locative preposition in ways similar to the morpheme ___ (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:935}, \ref{ex:key:955}, \ref{ex:key:956} and \ref{ex:key:983}). But compared to the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{loc}’, the preposition ‘fɔ ‘\textsc{prep}’ is only employed in a minority of instances for the expression of general location.\is{locative prepositions}
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: na	 gloss: LOC
C: word: púl=an	 gloss: remove=3SG.OBJ
D: word: rɔ́n	 gloss: run
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B