cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di pambɔ́d gó bihɛ́n dí bíg stón yá, ___ pát, e gó dé.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF bird go behind this big stone here ___ part 3SG.SBJ go there
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The bird went behind this big stone here, the front part, it went there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the locative nouns the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, bihɛ́n ‘behind’, ɔ́p ‘upperside’, and dɔ́n ‘downside’ appear in a nominal position, speakers tend to employ an associative construction featuring the generic place noun sáy ‘side, place’ \REF{ex:key:918} and sometimes pát ‘part, place’ \REF{ex:key:919} as a modified noun and the locative noun as a modifier noun. This construction, which serves to derive a nominal structure, is favoured with these nouns when a ground is not mentioned. Compare \REF{ex:key:917} with an explicit ground (i.e. di hós ‘the house’) and the two sentences thereafter without mention of a ground:
A: word: bifó	 gloss: before
B: word: bigín	 gloss: begin
C: word: áfta	 gloss: then
D: word: lás	 gloss: be.last
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di pambɔ́d gó bihɛ́n dí bíg stón yá, bifó ___ e gó dé.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF bird go behind this big stone here before ___ 3SG.SBJ go there
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The bird went behind this big stone here, the front part, it went there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the locative nouns bifó ‘before’, bihɛ́n ‘behind’, ɔ́p ‘upperside’, and dɔ́n ‘downside’ appear in a nominal position, speakers tend to employ an associative construction featuring the generic place noun sáy ‘side, place’ \REF{ex:key:918} and sometimes the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, place’ \REF{ex:key:919} as a modified noun and the locative noun as a modifier noun. This construction, which serves to derive a nominal structure, is favoured with these nouns when a ground is not mentioned. Compare \REF{ex:key:917} with an explicit ground (i.e. di hós ‘the house’) and the two sentences thereafter without mention of a ground:
A: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: go.away
B: word: sɔn	 gloss: some
C: word: pát	 gloss: part
D: word: pás	 gloss: pass
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E dé ___ di hós.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ BE.LOC ___ DEF house
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She’s in front of the house.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the locative nouns the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’, bihɛ́n ‘behind’, ɔ́p ‘upperside’, and dɔ́n ‘downside’ appear in a nominal position, speakers tend to employ an associative construction featuring the generic place noun sáy ‘side, place’ \REF{ex:key:918} and sometimes pát ‘part, place’ \REF{ex:key:919} as a modified noun and the locative noun as a modifier noun. This construction, which serves to derive a nominal structure, is favoured with these nouns when a ground is not mentioned. Compare \REF{ex:key:917} with an explicit ground (i.e. di hós ‘the house’) and the two sentences thereafter without mention of a ground:
A: word: bigín	 gloss: begin
B: word: tumɔ́ro	 gloss: tomorrow
C: word: áfta	 gloss: then
D: word: bifó	 gloss: before
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) e lɛ́f dɛ́n ___ di tébul.
Gloss (with missing item): (...) 3SG.SBJ leave 3PL.INDP ___ DEF table
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) she left them on the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, when the ground is explicitly mentiits gloss ___ed, most locative nouns participate in a cits gloss ___structiits gloss ___ that is structurally equivalent to a prepositiits gloss ___al phrase featuring a prepositiits gloss ___ and an object complement. Compare \REF{ex:key:901} above with (\ref{ex:key:920}–\ref{ex:key:922}) below:
A: word: panyá	 gloss: Spanish
B: word: mɛ́n	 gloss: cure
C: word: pan	 gloss: on
D: word: nía	 gloss: near
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di béd dé ___ di rúm.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF bed BE.LOC ___ DEF room
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The bed is in the middle of the room.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, when the ground is explicitly mentioned, most locative nouns participate in a construction that is structurally equivalent to a prepositional phrase featuring a preposition and an object complement. Compare \REF{ex:key:901} above with (\ref{ex:key:920}–\ref{ex:key:922}) below:
A: word: nía	 gloss: near
B: word: míndul	 gloss: middle
C: word: mín	 gloss: mean
D: word: ráwn	 gloss: surround
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di béd dé míndul ___ rúm.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF bed BE.LOC middle ___ room
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The bed is in the middle of the room.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, when the ground is explicitly mentioned, most locative nouns participate in a construction that is structurally equivalent to a prepositional phrase featuring a preposition and an object complement. Compare \REF{ex:key:901} above with (\ref{ex:key:920}–\ref{ex:key:922}) below:
A: word: tínap	 gloss: stand.up
B: word: sí=an	 gloss: see=3SG.OBJ
C: word: di	 gloss: DEF
D: word: directo	 gloss: direct
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E de cruza-cruza ___ di domɔ́t, e de dú lɛk sé e de fɛ́n sɔn tín.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ IPFV cross.CPD{}-cross ___ DEF door 3SG.SBJ IPFV do like QUOT 3SG.SBJ IPFV look.for some thing
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He’s walking back and forth in front of the door, he’s pretending to be looking for something.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, when the ground is explicitly mentioned, most locative nouns participate in a construction that is structurally equivalent to a prepositional phrase featuring a preposition and an object complement. Compare \REF{ex:key:901} above with (\ref{ex:key:920}–\ref{ex:key:922}) below:
A: word: sóté	 gloss: until
B: word: áfta	 gloss: then
C: word: bifó	 gloss: before
D: word: bigín	 gloss: begin
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E de cruza-cruza bifó ___ domɔ́t, e de dú lɛk sé e de fɛ́n sɔn tín.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ IPFV cross.CPD{}-cross before ___ door 3SG.SBJ IPFV do like QUOT 3SG.SBJ IPFV look.for some thing
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He’s walking back and forth in front of the door, he’s pretending to be looking for something.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, when the ground is explicitly mentioned, most locative nouns participate in a construction that is structurally equivalent to a prepositional phrase featuring a preposition and an object complement. Compare \REF{ex:key:901} above with (\ref{ex:key:920}–\ref{ex:key:922}) below:
A: word: di	 gloss: DEF
B: word: directo	 gloss: direct
C: word: bɔ́tul	 gloss: bottle
D: word: mán	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E de cruza-cruza bifó di ___ e de dú lɛk sé e de fɛ́n sɔn tín.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ IPFV cross.CPD{}-cross before DEF ___ 3SG.SBJ IPFV do like QUOT 3SG.SBJ IPFV look.for some thing
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He’s walking back and forth in front of the door, he’s pretending to be looking for something.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, when the ground is explicitly mentioned, most locative nouns participate in a construction that is structurally equivalent to a prepositional phrase featuring a preposition and an object complement. Compare \REF{ex:key:901} above with (\ref{ex:key:920}–\ref{ex:key:922}) below:
A: word: mán	 gloss: man
B: word: domɔ́t	 gloss: door
C: word: butú	 gloss: stoop
D: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: go.away
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di pépa dé ___ tébul.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF paper BE.LOC ___ table
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The paper is on the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The ground need not be marked for definiteness\is{definiteness} as it is in the two examples above. Three sentences follow without overt definiteness marking. In this respect, the same principles of definiteness marking apply as they do for other objects. Note that the locative nouns the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, on’ \REF{ex:key:925} and pantáp ‘its gloss ___, on’ \REF{ex:key:914} above are absolute synonyms and equally frequent.
A: word: ɔntɔ́p	 gloss: top
B: word: dɔ́n	 gloss: PRF
C: word: bɔtɔ́n	 gloss: bottom
D: word: chɔ́p	 gloss: food
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E púl=an ___ pantáp di béd.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ remove=3SG.OBJ ___ top DEF bed
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She took him from the bed.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The ground need not be marked for definiteness\is{definiteness} as it is in the two examples above. Three sentences follow without overt definiteness marking. In this respect, the same principles of definiteness marking apply as they do for other objects. Note that the locative nouns ɔntɔ́p ‘top, on’ \REF{ex:key:925} and pantáp ‘top, on’ \REF{ex:key:914} above are absolute synonyms and equally frequent.
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: na	 gloss: LOC
C: word: ɔntɔ́p	 gloss: top
D: word: plástik	 gloss: plastic
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E púl=an na ___ di béd.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ remove=3SG.OBJ LOC ___ DEF bed
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She took him from the bed.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The ground need not be marked for definiteness\is{definiteness} as it is in the two examples above. Three sentences follow without overt definiteness marking. In this respect, the same principles of definiteness marking apply as they do for other objects. Note that the locative nouns ɔntɔ́p ‘its gloss ___, on’ \REF{ex:key:925} and the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___, on’ \REF{ex:key:914} above are absolute synonyms and equally frequent.
A: word: bɔtɔ́n	 gloss: bottom
B: word: panyá	 gloss: Spanish
C: word: pantáp	 gloss: top
D: word: ínsay	 gloss: inside
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pɔ́sin dɛn dé ___ fɔ di avión.
Gloss (with missing item): person PL BE.LOC ___ PREP DEF plane
The English translation of this sentence is:‘People are outside the plane.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The expression of the ground by way of a fɔ-prepositional phrase as in \REF{ex:key:928} above is not accepted with other locative nouns, i.e. *míndul fɔ di rúm \{middle \textsc{prep def} room\} ‘in the middle of the room’, *bihɛ́n fɔ dís hós \{behind \textsc{prep} this house\} ‘behind this house’. This also holds for the locative associative constructions described further below in \REF{ex:key:930}. Compare the ungrammatical example \REF{ex:key:929}, which involves such a structure:
A: word: doce	 gloss: twelve
B: word: nadó	 gloss: outside
C: word: yɛ́stadé	 gloss: yesterday
D: word: grɔ́n	 gloss: ground
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pɔ́sin dɛn dé nadó ___ di avión.
Gloss (with missing item): person PL BE.LOC outside ___ DEF plane
The English translation of this sentence is:‘People are outside the plane.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The expression of the ground by way of a the morpheme ___-prepositional phrase as in \REF{ex:key:928} above is not accepted with other locative nouns, i.e. *míndul the morpheme ___ di rúm \{middle \textsc{prep def} room\} ‘in the middle of the room’, *bihɛ́n the morpheme ___ dís hós \{behind \textsc{prep} this house\} ‘behind this house’. This also holds for the locative associative constructions described further below in \REF{ex:key:930}. Compare the ungrammatical example \REF{ex:key:929}, which involves such a structure:
A: word: mún	 gloss: month
B: word: vive	 gloss: live
C: word: fɔ́s	 gloss: first
D: word: fɔ	 gloss: PREP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn ___ fɔ dán butaca.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ PREP this armchair
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They’re sitting reclined in that armchair.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With the exception of the locative-existential copula dé \textsc{‘be.loc’,} all other verbs listed above are labile\is{labile verbs} verbs. Hence they may be used as (inchoative-)stative verbs in intransitive clauses and as dynamic verbs in transitive clauses. In intransitive clauses, the figure is the theme\is{theme} subject \REF{ex:key:935}, and in transitive clauses, the figure is the patient\is{patient} object \REF{ex:key:936}. The ground is expressed as a locative adverb(ial phrase) in both alternations:
A: word: líng	 gloss: lean
B: word: kɔ́na	 gloss: next.to
C: word: líng=an	 gloss: lean=3SG.OBJ
D: word: sabí	 gloss: know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ dé.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ ___ there
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He leaned it there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With the exception of the locative-existential copula dé \textsc{‘be.loc’,} all other verbs listed above are labile\is{labile verbs} verbs. Hence they may be used as (inchoative-)stative verbs in intransitive clauses and as dynamic verbs in transitive clauses. In intransitive clauses, the figure is the theme\is{theme} subject \REF{ex:key:935}, and in transitive clauses, the figure is the patient\is{patient} object \REF{ex:key:936}. The ground is expressed as a locative adverb(ial phrase) in both alternations:
A: word: líng	 gloss: lean
B: word: dríng=an	 gloss: drink=3SG.OBJ
C: word: líng=an	 gloss: lean=3SG.OBJ
D: word: yɛ́stadé	 gloss: yesterday
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di ríba e ___ di hós.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF river 3SG.SBJ ___ DEF house
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The river flows around the house.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The copula\is{copula!locative-existential} dé \textsc{‘be.loc’} expresses existence in a location or in a manner in its most general sense (cf. \sectref{sec:7.6.1}). More specific nuances of location are expressed by other locative verbs. Compare the stative use of the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in the intransitive clause in \REF{ex:key:937}:
A: word: náw	 gloss: now
B: word: ráwn	 gloss: surround
C: word: mún	 gloss: month
D: word: rúm	 gloss: room
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di glás ___ di domɔ́t.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF glass ___ DEF door
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The glass is near the door.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Next to its use as a locative noun \REF{ex:key:938}, the multifunctional item the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ may be employed as a an inchoative-stative \REF{ex:key:939} or dynamic verb \REF{ex:key:940} like any other locative verb, although the latter usage is rare:
A: word: wétin	 gloss: what
B: word: camerún	 gloss: PLACE
C: word: mɔní	 gloss: money
D: word: nía	 gloss: near
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D