cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 381:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Tɛ́l=an sé, nɔ́, dís traje fɔ mono, ___ ín e wánt.
Gloss (with missing item): tell=3SG.OBJ QUOT INTJ this suit PREP overall ___ 3SG.INDP 3SG.SBJ want
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(He) told him, no, this overall-like suit, that’s what he wants.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Amongst the sentences involving focus of resumptive elements presented so far, we also find focused constituents appearing in the initial position which are not preceded by the focus marker the morpheme ___ (eg. \ref{ex:key:719} and \ref{ex:key:722}). There is no reason to see these structures as being fundamentally different from cleft constructions involving the focus marker the morpheme ___. The only thing “missing” in these constructions is the focus particle.
A: word: na	 gloss: FOC
B: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
C: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
D: word: tɔ́k	 gloss: talk
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 382:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Tɛ́l=an sé, nɔ́, dís traje fɔ mono, na ___ e wánt.
Gloss (with missing item): tell=3SG.OBJ QUOT INTJ this suit PREP overall FOC ___ 3SG.SBJ want
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(He) told him, no, this overall-like suit, that’s what he wants.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Amongst the sentences involving focus of resumptive elements presented so far, we also find focused constituents appearing in the initial position which are not preceded by the focus marker na (eg. \ref{ex:key:719} and \ref{ex:key:722}). There is no reason to see these structures as being fundamentally different from cleft constructions involving the focus marker na. The only thing “missing” in these constructions is the focus particle.
A: word: káyn	 gloss: kind
B: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
C: word: tín	 gloss: thing
D: word: ín	 gloss: 3SG.INDP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 383:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E sé ___ mán dís.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ QUOT ___ man this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He said “this is a man”.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Pichi features a presentative construction involving the morpheme ___\textit{\textup{/}}nóto as well as the proximal and distal demonstrative forms dís ‘this’ \REF{ex:key:726} and dat ‘that’ \REF{ex:key:727} in sentence-fithe morpheme ___l position. Presentatives may be seen as inverted copula clauses with particular deictic force, which direct an addressee’s attention to, and identify, an entity. By highlighting an entity in this way, presentatives manifest a functiothe morpheme ___l overlap with (presentatiothe morpheme ___l) cleft constructions: \is{cleft constructions}
A: word: na	 gloss: FOC
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
D: word: tɔ́k	 gloss: talk
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 384:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ róp dát.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ rope that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s a rope.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Pichi features a presentative construction involving the morpheme ___\textit{\textup{/}}nóto as well as the proximal and distal demonstrative forms dís ‘this’ \REF{ex:key:726} and dat ‘that’ \REF{ex:key:727} in sentence-fithe morpheme ___l position. Presentatives may be seen as inverted copula clauses with particular deictic force, which direct an addressee’s attention to, and identify, an entity. By highlighting an entity in this way, presentatives manifest a functiothe morpheme ___l overlap with (presentatiothe morpheme ___l) cleft constructions: \is{cleft constructions}
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: dɔ́n	 gloss: PRF
D: word: na	 gloss: FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 385:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E sé ___ mán dís.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ QUOT ___ man this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He said “this is a man”.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex:key:726}–\ref{ex:key:727}) may also be expressed with less deictic force as regular copula clauses. The following two equative clauses feature the demonstratives dí ‘this’ and dán ‘that’ in the ordithe morpheme ___ry prenomithe morpheme ___l position. When employed in an NP in this way, demonstratives may be realised as the short forms dí and dá respectively. However, these apocopated forms do not occur in sentence-fithe morpheme ___l position in presentatives like (\ref{ex:key:726}–\ref{ex:key:727}) above:
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: ús=sáy	 gloss: Q=side
C: word: na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 386:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ róp dát.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ rope that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s a rope.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex:key:726}–\ref{ex:key:727}) may also be expressed with less deictic force as regular copula clauses. The following two equative clauses feature the demonstratives dí ‘this’ and dán ‘that’ in the ordithe morpheme ___ry prenomithe morpheme ___l position. When employed in an NP in this way, demonstratives may be realised as the short forms dí and dá respectively. However, these apocopated forms do not occur in sentence-fithe morpheme ___l position in presentatives like (\ref{ex:key:726}–\ref{ex:key:727}) above:
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: hós	 gloss: house
C: word: na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 387:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E sé ___ mán dís.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ QUOT ___ man this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He said “this is a man”.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex:key:726}–\ref{ex:key:727}) may also be expressed with less deictic force as regular copula clauses. The following two equative clauses feature the demonstratives dí ‘this’ and dán ‘that’ in the ordithe morpheme ___ry prenomithe morpheme ___l position. When employed in an NP in this way, demonstratives may be realised as the short forms dí and dá respectively. However, these apocopated forms do not occur in sentence-fithe morpheme ___l position in presentatives like (\ref{ex:key:726}–\ref{ex:key:727}) above:
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: frɔn	 gloss: from
D: word: na	 gloss: FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 388:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ róp dát.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ rope that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s a rope.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Examples (\ref{ex:key:726}–\ref{ex:key:727}) may also be expressed with less deictic force as regular copula clauses. The following two equative clauses feature the demonstratives dí ‘this’ and dán ‘that’ in the ordithe morpheme ___ry prenomithe morpheme ___l position. When employed in an NP in this way, demonstratives may be realised as the short forms dí and dá respectively. However, these apocopated forms do not occur in sentence-fithe morpheme ___l position in presentatives like (\ref{ex:key:726}–\ref{ex:key:727}) above:
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: fínis	 gloss: finish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 389:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ di bɛ́ta chɔ́p wé mán de chɔ́p dát.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ DEF very.good food SUB man IPFV food that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That was the best food that one [I] was eating.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The highlighted NP of a presentative construction may be modified by further constituents in the same way as a nomithe morpheme ___l participant in an equative clause. In \REF{ex:key:730}, the NP chɔ́p ‘food’ has been modified prenomithe morpheme ___lly by bɛ́ta ‘very good’ and post-nomithe morpheme ___lly by a relative clause{\fff} introduced by wé ‘\textsc{sub}’:
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: bɛ́r=an	 gloss: bury=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 390:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na di bɛ́ta chɔ́p ___ mán de chɔ́p dát.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC DEF very.good food ___ man IPFV food that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That was the best food that one [I] was eating.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The highlighted NP of a presentative construction may be modified by further constituents in the same way as a nominal participant in an equative clause. In \REF{ex:key:730}, the NP chɔ́p ‘food’ has been modified prenominally by bɛ́ta ‘very good’ and post-nominally by a relative clause{\fff} introduced by the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sub}’:
A: word: trowé	 gloss: pour
B: word: wé	 gloss: SUB
C: word: pát	 gloss: part
D: word: mébi	 gloss: maybe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 391:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Sé papá gɔ́d ___ trɔ́bul dís?
Gloss (with missing item): QUOT father God ___ trouble this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(I) said God, what (kind of) trouble (is) this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Content questions\is{content questions} may also be formulated as presentatives \REF{ex:key:731}, in which case they may occur without a preposed na. This distribution may be linked to the fact that questioned constituents are focused by default, and may optionally co-occur with na{}-focus anyway (cf. \sectref{sec:7.3.2}):
A: word: “nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: tébul	 gloss: table
C: word: ús=káyn	 gloss: Q=kind
D: word: káyn	 gloss: kind
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 392:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Sé papá gɔ́d ús=káyn trɔ́bul ___
Gloss (with missing item): QUOT father God Q=kind trouble ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(I) said God, what (kind of) trouble (is) this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Content questions\is{content questions} may also be formulated as presentatives \REF{ex:key:731}, in which case they may occur without a preposed na. This distribution may be linked to the fact that questioned constituents are focused by default, and may optionally co-occur with na{}-focus anyway (cf. \sectref{sec:7.3.2}):
A: word: síkrit	 gloss: secret
B: word: láf	 gloss: laugh
C: word: dís	 gloss: this
D: word: dís-tín	 gloss: this-thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 393:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Chico, ___ bíg e bíg.
Gloss (with missing item): boy ___ big 3SG.SBJ big
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Oh boy, it’s really big.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The predicate cleft construction in \REF{ex:key:733} features a stative verb, the property item bíg ‘be big’. Like other cleft constructions, predicate cleft does not require marking of the out-of-focus part of the sentence as a relative clause\is{relative clauses}. This is, in fact rejected in unison by all speakers who were asked about this possibility \REF{ex:key:734}:
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: na	 gloss: FOC
C: word: chakrá	 gloss: destroy
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 394:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Chico, na ___ e bíg.
Gloss (with missing item): boy FOC ___ 3SG.SBJ big
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Oh boy, it’s really big.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The predicate cleft construction in \REF{ex:key:733} features a stative verb, the property item the morpheme ___ ‘be its gloss ___’. Like other cleft constructions, predicate cleft does not require marking of the out-of-focus part of the sentence as a relative clause\is{relative clauses}. This is, in fact rejected in unison by all speakers who were asked about this possibility \REF{ex:key:734}:
A: word: údat	 gloss: who
B: word: évi	 gloss: be.heavy
C: word: bíl	 gloss: build
D: word: bíg	 gloss: big
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 395:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ___ yu de skrách.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC ___ 2SG IPFV scratch
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You’re actually scratching it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes verbs are clefted together with a pronominal object \REF{ex:key:735}. If this is the case, the pronominal object is not repeated with the second verb. The fronting\is{fronting} of a subject or adverbial modifier together with the verb is not accepted \REF{ex:key:736}:
A: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
B: word: lɛ́k	 gloss: like
C: word: kéch=an	 gloss: catch=3SG.OBJ
D: word: krách=an	 gloss: scratch=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 396:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na wáka wi ___ de wáka gó dé.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC walk 1PL ___ IPFV walk go there
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We actually walked there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, verbs are not clefted together with TMA markers \REF{ex:key:737}. These always remain in their “original” position with the second verb. The two following examples are of interest because they involve clefting of the major verb of a motion-direction SVC. As these examples show, the minor verb gó ‘go’ remains in its original syntactic position \REF{ex:key:738}: \is{motion verbs}
A: word: íbin	 gloss: evening
B: word: camiseta	 gloss: singlet
C: word: bin	 gloss: PST
D: word: sɔn	 gloss: some
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 397:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na wáka wi bin ___ wáka gó dé.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC walk 1PL PST ___ walk go there
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We actually walked there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, verbs are not clefted together with TMA markers \REF{ex:key:737}. These always remain in their “original” position with the second verb. The two following examples are of interest because they involve clefting of the major verb of a motion-direction SVC. As these examples show, the minor verb gó ‘go’ remains in its original syntactic position \REF{ex:key:738}: \is{motion verbs}
A: word: de	 gloss: IPFV
B: word: pát	 gloss: part
C: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
D: word: yún	 gloss: be.young
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 398:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na wáka wi bin de wáka ___ dé.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC walk 1PL PST IPFV walk ___ there
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We actually walked there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, verbs are not clefted together with TMA markers \REF{ex:key:737}. These always remain in their “original” position with the second verb. The two following examples are of interest because they involve clefting of the major verb of a motion-direction SVC. As these examples show, the minor verb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ remains in its original syntactic position \REF{ex:key:738}: \is{motion verbs}
A: word: mán	 gloss: man
B: word: gó	 gloss: go
C: word: gó”	 gloss: go
D: word: baja	 gloss: go.down
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 399:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na wáka wi ___ gó dé.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC walk 1PL ___ go there
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We walked there.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, verbs are not clefted together with TMA markers \REF{ex:key:737}. These always remain in their “original” position with the second verb. The two following examples are of interest because they involve clefting of the major verb of a motion-direction SVC. As these examples show, the minor verb gó ‘go’ remains in its original syntactic position \REF{ex:key:738}: \is{motion verbs}
A: word: tót	 gloss: carry
B: word: gran-pá	 gloss: grand-pa
C: word: wáka	 gloss: walk
D: word: waka-wáka	 gloss: RED.CPD-walk
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C