cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 452:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Sósó Píchi náw ___ wi de tɔ́k.
Gloss (with missing item): only Pichi now ___ 1PL IPFV talk
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(It was) only Pichi that we used to talk.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:key:759} presents the topical and focused \textsc{NP} sósó Píchi ‘only Pichi’, however without the focus marker na ‘\textsc{foc}’. The topic is followed by náw now’ and fronted\is{fronting}. The out-of-focus part of the sentence is exceptionally expressed in a relative clause\is{relative clauses}:
A: word: stáyl	 gloss: style
B: word: trowé	 gloss: pour
C: word: wé	 gloss: SUB
D: word: pát	 gloss: part
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 453:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ín náw a bin de chɛ́k sé e bin fɔ dé fáyn if a mít wán pɔ́sin (...)
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG.INDP now 1SG.SBJ PST IPFV check QUOT 3SG.SBJ PST COND BE.LOC fine if 1SG.SBJ meet one person (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why I was thinking it would be fine if I met somebody (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:key:760} below features the \textsc{3sg} persothe morpheme ___l pronoun ín ‘\textsc{3sg.indp}’ under assertive focus by means of clefting and additiothe morpheme ___l topic marking by means of a post-posed náw ‘now’:
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: na	 gloss: FOC
C: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
D: word: sɛ́f	 gloss: self
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 454:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ___ náw a bin de chɛ́k sé e bin fɔ dé fáyn if a mít wán pɔ́sin (...)
Gloss (with missing item): FOC ___ now 1SG.SBJ PST IPFV check QUOT 3SG.SBJ PST COND BE.LOC fine if 1SG.SBJ meet one person (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why I was thinking it would be fine if I met somebody (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:key:760} below features the \textsc{3sg} personal pronoun the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{3sg.indp}’ under assertive focus by means of clefting and additional topic marking by means of a post-posed náw ‘now’:
A: word: fínis	 gloss: finish
B: word: tín	 gloss: thing
C: word: ín	 gloss: 3SG.INDP
D: word: mín	 gloss: mean
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 455:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ín ___ a bin de chɛ́k sé e bin fɔ dé fáyn if a mít wán pɔ́sin (...)
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3SG.INDP ___ 1SG.SBJ PST IPFV check QUOT 3SG.SBJ PST COND BE.LOC fine if 1SG.SBJ meet one person (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s why I was thinking it would be fine if I met somebody (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example \REF{ex:key:760} below features the \textsc{3sg} personal pronoun ín ‘\textsc{3sg.indp}’ under assertive focus by means of clefting and additional topic marking by means of a post-posed the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’:
A: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: go.away
B: word: nátín	 gloss: nothing
C: word: áfta	 gloss: then
D: word: náw	 gloss: now
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 456:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dán tín ___ di pasta.
Gloss (with missing item): that thing ___ DEF paste
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That thing is the paste.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Clauses involving the three core copulas the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{foc}’, nóto ‘\textsc{neg}.\textsc{foc}’ and bí \textit{\textsc{‘be’}} feature a subject, the copula and a nomithe morpheme ___l complement\is{complements}. The functions of the copula include expression of the identity of two participants \REF{ex:key:761}, and classification as member of a group \REF{ex:key:762}:
A: word: mil	 gloss: thousand
B: word: na	 gloss: FOC
C: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
D: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 457:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{I}n ___ kres-húman.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.INDP ___ be.crazy.CPD-woman
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She’s a crazy woman.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Clauses involving the three core copulas the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{foc}’, nóto ‘\textsc{neg}.\textsc{foc}’ and bí \textit{\textsc{‘be’}} feature a subject, the copula and a nomithe morpheme ___l complement\is{complements}. The functions of the copula include expression of the identity of two participants \REF{ex:key:761}, and classification as member of a group \REF{ex:key:762}:
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: ús=sáy	 gloss: Q=side
C: word: na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 458:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi papá ___ dɔ́kta bɔt mí nó go tɔ́n dɔ́kta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS father ___ doctor but 1SG.INDP NEG POT turn doctor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My father is a doctor but I won’t become a doctor.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further functions are the attribution of a role \REF{ex:key:763}, a the morpheme ___me \REF{ex:key:764}, and the expression of a family relationship \REF{ex:key:765}. Note the presence of the verb tɔ́n ‘turn’ which denotes a change of state when used as a copula verb \REF{ex:key:763}:
A: word: na	 gloss: FOC
B: word: íbin	 gloss: evening
C: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
D: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 459:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi papá na dɔ́kta bɔt mí nó go ___ dɔ́kta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS father FOC doctor but 1SG.INDP NEG POT ___ doctor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My father is a doctor but I won’t become a doctor.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further functions are the attribution of a role \REF{ex:key:763}, a name \REF{ex:key:764}, and the expression of a family relationship \REF{ex:key:765}. Note the presence of the verb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ which denotes a change of state when used as a copula verb \REF{ex:key:763}:
A: word: tɔn-tɔ́n	 gloss: RED.CPD-turn
B: word: “nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: flipa-do	 gloss: turned.on-ADJ
D: word: tɔ́n	 gloss: turn
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 460:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yɛ́s, mi ném ___ Djunais.
Gloss (with missing item): yes 1SG.POSS name ___ NAME
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Yes, my name is Djunais.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further functions are the attribution of a role \REF{ex:key:763}, a the morpheme ___me \REF{ex:key:764}, and the expression of a family relationship \REF{ex:key:765}. Note the presence of the verb tɔ́n ‘turn’ which denotes a change of state when used as a copula verb \REF{ex:key:763}:
A: word: cartón	 gloss: carton
B: word: na	 gloss: FOC
C: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 461:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na dán tɛ́n a kán sabí sé mi mamá ___ mi mamá.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC that time 1SG.SBJ PFV know QUOT 1SG.POSS mother ___ 1SG.POSS mother
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It’s then that I came to know that my mother was my mother.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further functions are the attribution of a role \REF{ex:key:763}, a the morpheme ___me \REF{ex:key:764}, and the expression of a family relationship \REF{ex:key:765}. Note the presence of the verb tɔ́n ‘turn’ which denotes a change of state when used as a copula verb \REF{ex:key:763}:
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: na	 gloss: FOC
C: word: hós	 gloss: house
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 462:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi papá ___ dɔ́kta bɔt mí nó go tɔ́n dɔ́kta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS father ___ doctor but 1SG.INDP NEG POT turn doctor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My father is a doctor but I won’t become a doctor.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further functions are the attribution of a role \REF{ex:key:763}, a the morpheme ___me \REF{ex:key:764}, and the expression of a family relationship \REF{ex:key:765}. Note the presence of the verb tɔ́n ‘turn’ which denotes a change of state when used as a copula verb \REF{ex:key:763}:
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: na	 gloss: FOC
C: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
D: word: bay	 gloss: buy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 463:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi papá na dɔ́kta bɔt mí nó go ___ dɔ́kta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS father FOC doctor but 1SG.INDP NEG POT ___ doctor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My father is a doctor but I won’t become a doctor.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further functions are the attribution of a role \REF{ex:key:763}, a name \REF{ex:key:764}, and the expression of a family relationship \REF{ex:key:765}. Note the presence of the verb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ which denotes a change of state when used as a copula verb \REF{ex:key:763}:
A: word: tɔ́n	 gloss: turn
B: word: tɔn-tɔ́n	 gloss: RED.CPD-turn
C: word: pút	 gloss: put
D: word: flipa-do	 gloss: turned.on-ADJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 464:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kasára.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ cassava
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s (a) cassava.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Equative clauses\is{equative clauses} are characterised by asymmetries and suppletion in the use of persothe morpheme ___l pronouns, polarity,\is{negation} and \textsc{TMA} marking. These asymmetries derive from the core function of the morpheme ___\textit{\textup{/}}nóto to express identification in presentatiothe morpheme ___l sentences like \REF{ex:key:766} and \REF{ex:key:767}. In these clauses, the identified elements (i.e. kasára ‘cassava’ and wi Píchi ‘our (kind of) Pichi’) are in focus by default. Therefore, I consistently gloss the morpheme ___\textit{\textup{/}}nóto as \textsc{foc} and \textsc{neg.foc,} respectively, in order to render the chiefly pragmatic function of these elements:
A: word: pás	 gloss: pass
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
D: word: na	 gloss: FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 465:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ wi Píchi.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1PL Pichi
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s not our (kind of) Pichi.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Equative clauses\is{equative clauses} are characterised by asymmetries and suppletion in the use of personal pronouns, polarity,\is{negation} and \textsc{TMA} marking. These asymmetries derive from the core function of na\textit{\textup{/}}the morpheme ___ to express identification in presentational sentences like \REF{ex:key:766} and \REF{ex:key:767}. In these clauses, the identified elements (i.e. kasára ‘cassava’ and wi Píchi ‘our (kind of) Pichi’) are in focus by default. Therefore, I consistently gloss na\textit{\textup{/}}the morpheme ___ as \textsc{foc} and \textsc{neg.foc,} respectively, in order to render the chiefly pragmatic function of these elements:
A: word: “nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: “na	 gloss: FOC
C: word: wáka	 gloss: walk
D: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 466:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): In papá ___ chino.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.POSS father ___ Chinese
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Her father is Chinese.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, when identity between a persothe morpheme ___l pronoun with reference other than \textsc{3sg} and another NP is expressed, the deeply pragmatic the morpheme ___ture of the copula-like element in sentences like \REF{ex:key:768} above is revealed. Since the morpheme ___\textit{\textup{/}}nóto is not a copula “verb”, the subject pronoun cannot come from the dependent series of the pronomithe morpheme ___l paradigm. Instead, an independent emphatic pronoun must be used:
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: nɔ́	 gloss: INTJ
C: word: na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 467:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ wi Píchi.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1PL Pichi
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s not our (kind of) Pichi.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two asymmetries in the formation of copula clauses next to negative suppletion (i.e. \ref{ex:key:767} and \textsc{3sg} default reference, i.e. \ref{ex:key:766} and \ref{ex:key:768}) are complemented by a third asymmetry: Whenever overt \textsc{TMA} marking is required or the copula is employed in a context suggesting reduced finiteness\is{finiteness}, the copula verb bí \textit{\textsc{‘be’}} is made use of. This complementary distribution is strict. Therefore, a clause like the following one is ungrammatical, since bí may not appear in basic identity clauses without overt TMA marking. Compare \REF{ex:key:768} above and \REF{ex:key:770} below:
A: word: “nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: “na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: wɔ́l	 gloss: world
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 468:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kasára.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ cassava
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That’s (a) cassava.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two asymmetries in the formation of copula clauses next to negative suppletion (i.e. \ref{ex:key:767} and \textsc{3sg} default reference, i.e. \ref{ex:key:766} and \ref{ex:key:768}) are complemented by a third asymmetry: Whenever overt \textsc{TMA} marking is required or the copula is employed in a context suggesting reduced finiteness\is{finiteness}, the copula verb bí \textit{\textsc{‘be’}} is made use of. This complementary distribution is strict. Therefore, a clause like the following one is ungrammatical, since bí may not appear in basic identity clauses without overt TMA marking. Compare \REF{ex:key:768} above and \REF{ex:key:770} below:
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: na	 gloss: FOC
C: word: yús=an	 gloss: use=3SG.OBJ
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 469:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): In papá ___ chino.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.POSS father ___ Chinese
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Her father is Chinese.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two asymmetries in the formation of copula clauses next to negative suppletion (i.e. \ref{ex:key:767} and \textsc{3sg} default reference, i.e. \ref{ex:key:766} and \ref{ex:key:768}) are complemented by a third asymmetry: Whenever overt \textsc{TMA} marking is required or the copula is employed in a context suggesting reduced finiteness\is{finiteness}, the copula verb bí \textit{\textsc{‘be’}} is made use of. This complementary distribution is strict. Therefore, a clause like the following one is ungrammatical, since bí may not appear in basic identity clauses without overt TMA marking. Compare \REF{ex:key:768} above and \REF{ex:key:770} below:
A: word: na	 gloss: FOC
B: word: motó	 gloss: car
C: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A