cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 470:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): In papá ___ chino.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.POSS father ___ Chinese
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Her father is Chinese.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two asymmetries in the formation of copula clauses next to negative suppletion (i.e. \ref{ex:key:767} and \textsc{3sg} default reference, i.e. \ref{ex:key:766} and \ref{ex:key:768}) are complemented by a third asymmetry: Whenever overt \textsc{TMA} marking is required or the copula is employed in a context suggesting reduced finiteness\is{finiteness}, the copula verb bí \textit{\textsc{‘be’}} is made use of. This complementary distribution is strict. Therefore, a clause like the following one is ungrammatical, since bí may not appear in basic identity clauses without overt TMA marking. Compare \REF{ex:key:768} above and \REF{ex:key:770} below:
A: word: dís	 gloss: this
B: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
C: word: na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 471:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ bí wán señorita.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ ___ BE one little.lady
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She has already become a real young lady.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and go ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula bí ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula bí behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: sidɔ́n	 gloss: sit
B: word: dɔ́n	 gloss: PRF
C: word: nɛ́a	 gloss: NEG.PRF
D: word: mil	 gloss: thousand
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 472:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E dɔ́n ___ wán señorita.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ PRF ___ one little.lady
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She has already become a real young lady.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers dɔ́n ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and go ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula the morpheme ___ behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: bíl	 gloss: build
B: word: bí	 gloss: BE
C: word: háw	 gloss: how
D: word: frɛ́s	 gloss: be.fresh
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 473:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí ___ bí dɔ́kta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP ___ BE doctor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ll be doctor.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers dɔ́n ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula bí ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula bí behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: golpe	 gloss: blow
B: word: mán	 gloss: man
C: word: go	 gloss: POT
D: word: gabonés	 gloss: Gabonese
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 474:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí go ___ dɔ́kta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP POT ___ doctor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ll be doctor.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers dɔ́n ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and go ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula the morpheme ___ behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: bambáy	 gloss: REP
B: word: bí	 gloss: BE
C: word: tɛ́n	 gloss: time
D: word: bíl	 gloss: build
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 475:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ bí wán señorita.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ ___ BE one little.lady
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She has already become a real young lady.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and go ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula bí ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula bí behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: dɔ́n	 gloss: PRF
B: word: ték	 gloss: take
C: word: nɛ́a	 gloss: NEG.PRF
D: word: sidɔ́n	 gloss: sit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 476:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E dɔ́n ___ wán señorita.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ PRF ___ one little.lady
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She has already become a real young lady.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers dɔ́n ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and go ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula the morpheme ___ behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: bí	 gloss: BE
B: word: ték	 gloss: take
C: word: bíl	 gloss: build
D: word: kɔ́l=an	 gloss: call=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 477:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ bí wán señorita.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ ___ BE one little.lady
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She has already become a real young lady.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and go ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula bí ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula bí behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: sidɔ́n	 gloss: sit
B: word: ánsa	 gloss: answer
C: word: nɛ́a	 gloss: NEG.PRF
D: word: dɔ́n	 gloss: PRF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 478:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E dɔ́n ___ wán señorita.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ PRF ___ one little.lady
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She has already become a real young lady.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers dɔ́n ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and go ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula the morpheme ___ behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: bí	 gloss: BE
B: word: bíl	 gloss: build
C: word: dríng=an	 gloss: drink=3SG.OBJ
D: word: smɔ́ltɛn	 gloss: shortly
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 479:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí ___ bí dɔ́kta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP ___ BE doctor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ll be doctor.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers dɔ́n ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula bí ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula bí behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: hól	 gloss: whole
B: word: dé”	 gloss: BE.LOC
C: word: go	 gloss: POT
D: word: golpe	 gloss: blow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 480:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí go ___ dɔ́kta.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP POT ___ doctor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ll be doctor.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the following two equative clauses, the presence of the \textsc{TMA} markers dɔ́n ‘\textsc{prf}’ \REF{ex:key:771} and go ‘\textsc{pot}’ \REF{ex:key:772} motivates the appearance of the suppletive identity copula the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{be’.} In spite of its defective distribution (cf. \ref{ex:key:770}), the copula the morpheme ___ behaves much more like a copula verb than na\textit{\textup{/}}nóto: It may take dependent personal pronouns (e.g. in \ref{ex:key:771}) and appear with TMA marking (e.g. \ref{ex:key:771} and \ref{ex:key:772}).
A: word: bí	 gloss: BE
B: word: mil	 gloss: thousand
C: word: bíl	 gloss: build
D: word: lúk	 gloss: look
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 481:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi ném ___ bí Francisca Belobe Toichoa, porque mi mamá in ném na Belobe Toichoa.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS name ___ BE NAME NAME NAME because 1SG.POSS mother 3SG.POSS name FOC NAME NAME
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My name was Francicsa Belobe Toichoa because my mother’s name is/was Belobe Toichoa.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:key:773} below contains two copula clauses. The first one features the copula bí marked for past tense\is{past tense} by the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pst}’. In contrast, the second clause is not overtly marked for tense, hence the copula cum focus marker na is employed. Recall that Pichi employs relational tense. Hence the identity copula na may have past tense reference because tense reference has been anchored in the past by the use of the morpheme ___ in the preceding clause. In fact, in this example, a past tense reference of na is a plausible option because the speaker’s mother is deceased (unless the speaker considers reference to her mother to be generic in nature):
A: word: camiseta	 gloss: singlet
B: word: bin	 gloss: PST
C: word: wet	 gloss: with
D: word: íbin	 gloss: evening
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 482:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi ném bin ___ Francisca Belobe Toichoa, porque mi mamá in ném na Belobe Toichoa.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS name PST ___ NAME NAME NAME because 1SG.POSS mother 3SG.POSS name FOC NAME NAME
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My name was Francicsa Belobe Toichoa because my mother’s name is/was Belobe Toichoa.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:key:773} below contains two copula clauses. The first one features the copula the morpheme ___ marked for past tense\is{past tense} by bin ‘\textsc{pst}’. In contrast, the second clause is not overtly marked for tense, hence the copula cum focus marker na is employed. Recall that Pichi employs relational tense. Hence the identity copula na may have past tense reference because tense reference has been anchored in the past by the use of bin in the preceding clause. In fact, in this example, a past tense reference of na is a plausible option because the speaker’s mother is deceased (unless the speaker considers reference to her mother to be generic in nature):
A: word: bí	 gloss: BE
B: word: bíl	 gloss: build
C: word: semana	 gloss: week
D: word: pás	 gloss: pass
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 483:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi ném bin bí Francisca Belobe Toichoa, porque mi mamá in ném ___ Belobe Toichoa.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS name PST BE NAME NAME NAME because 1SG.POSS mother 3SG.POSS name ___ NAME NAME
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My name was Francicsa Belobe Toichoa because my mother’s name is/was Belobe Toichoa.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence \REF{ex:key:773} below contains two copula clauses. The first one features the copula bí marked for past tense\is{past tense} by bin ‘\textsc{pst}’. In contrast, the second clause is not overtly marked for tense, hence the copula cum focus marker the morpheme ___ is employed. Recall that Pichi employs relatiothe morpheme ___l tense. Hence the identity copula the morpheme ___ may have past tense reference because tense reference has been anchored in the past by the use of bin in the preceding clause. In fact, in this example, a past tense reference of the morpheme ___ is a plausible option because the speaker’s mother is deceased (unless the speaker considers reference to her mother to be generic in the morpheme ___ture):
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: rích	 gloss: reach
C: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
D: word: na	 gloss: FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 484:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): So mí, mi yón e ___ bí una desgracia.
Gloss (with missing item): so 1SG.INDP 1SG.POSS own 3SG.SBJ ___ BE DEF disgrace
The English translation of this sentence is:‘So as for me, mine [my matter] came to be a disgrace.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A further example involving overt TMA marking in an equative clause follows. Sentence \REF{ex:key:774} features the narrative perfective marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ followed by bí ‘\textsc{be’}. Note that the combination of the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ with the copula bí renders a change of state reading of bí just like with any other (inchoative-)stative verb (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:326}–\ref{ex:key:327}):
A: word: yét	 gloss: yet
B: word: kán	 gloss: PFV
C: word: “kán	 gloss: come
D: word: llegue	 gloss: arrive:SBJV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 485:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): So mí, mi yón e kán ___ una desgracia.
Gloss (with missing item): so 1SG.INDP 1SG.POSS own 3SG.SBJ PFV ___ DEF disgrace
The English translation of this sentence is:‘So as for me, mine [my matter] came to be a disgrace.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A further example involving overt TMA marking in an equative clause follows. Sentence \REF{ex:key:774} features the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ followed by the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{be’}. Note that the combination of kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ with the copula the morpheme ___ renders a change of state reading of the morpheme ___ just like with any other (inchoative-)stative verb (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:326}–\ref{ex:key:327}):
A: word: nák=an	 gloss: hit=3SG.OBJ
B: word: bíl	 gloss: build
C: word: láf	 gloss: laugh
D: word: bí	 gloss: BE
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 486:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Pero ɛf di tín ___ bɔkú mɔ́ pás di watá, e go lɛ́f wán pasta.
Gloss (with missing item): but if DEF thing ___ much more pass DEF water 3SG.SBJ POT leave one paste
The English translation of this sentence is:‘But if the thing has become more than the water, a paste will remain.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A further example involving overt TMA marking in an equative clause follows. Sentence \REF{ex:key:774} features the narrative perfective marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ followed by bí ‘\textsc{be’}. Note that the combination of the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ with the copula bí renders a change of state reading of bí just like with any other (inchoative-)stative verb (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:326}–\ref{ex:key:327}):
A: word: tɛ́n	 gloss: time
B: word: “kán	 gloss: come
C: word: kán	 gloss: PFV
D: word: llegue	 gloss: arrive:SBJV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C