cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛ́n, a nó de pút ___ ínsay.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.INDP 1SG.SBJ NEG IPFV put ___ inside
The English translation of this sentence is:‘As for them, I don’t put them inside.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Constructions like \REF{ex:key:518}, in which a personal pronoun is fronted for focus or emphasis\is{emphasis} and immediately followed by a resumptive dependent personal pronoun, are, however, rare. Instead, emphatic personal pronouns appear more often on their own. This pattern suggests that subject pronoun copying is pragmatically less marked than object pronoun copying as encountered in \REF{ex:key:516} and \REF{ex:key:517}. This observation fits with the high frequency of resumptive pronoun\is{resumptive pronouns} usage in the relativised position of subject relative clause\is{relative clauses}s as compared to the lower frequency in object relative clauses (cf. \sectref{sec:10.6.2}):
A: word: dɛ́n	 gloss: 3PL.INDP
B: word: tɛ́n	 gloss: time
C: word: dɛn-tú	 gloss: 3PL.INDP.CPD-two
D: word: tín	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di bɔ́ks e ___ évi.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF box 3SG.SBJ ___ be.heavy
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The box (it) is too heavy.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:key:521}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___ (much)’ occurs before the stative verb évi ‘be heavy’. In \REF{ex:key:522}, the morpheme ___ appears before the locative-existential copula dé:
A: word: bɔkú	 gloss: much
B: word: tú	 gloss: too
C: word: lángwech	 gloss: language
D: word: nɔmba-tú	 gloss: number.CPD-two
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di strít ___ dé wɔwɔ́.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF street ___ BE.LOC ugly
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The street is too messed up.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:key:521}, the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___ (much)’ occurs before the stative verb évi ‘be heavy’. In \REF{ex:key:522}, the morpheme ___ appears before the locative-existential copula dé:
A: word: lɛ́k	 gloss: like
B: word: tú	 gloss: too
C: word: nɔmba-tú	 gloss: number.CPD-two
D: word: pero	 gloss: but
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di strít tú ___ wɔwɔ́.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF street too ___ ugly
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The street is too messed up.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:key:521}, tú ‘too (much)’ occurs before the stative verb évi ‘be heavy’. In \REF{ex:key:522}, tú appears before the locative-existential copula the morpheme ___:
A: word: dé”	 gloss: BE.LOC
B: word: nía	 gloss: near
C: word: ser	 gloss: be
D: word: dé	 gloss: BE.LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí ___ di chíf nɔ́.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP ___ DEF chief INTJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’m the boss, right.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of copula clauses should be distinguished. Equative clauses feature the focus markers the morpheme ___ \textsc{‘foc’} and nóto \textsc{‘neg.foc’} in a copula function. I athe morpheme ___lyse the morpheme ___{}-copula clauses as grammaticalised topic-comment structures, in which the notiothe morpheme ___l subject is topicalised, and the nomithe morpheme ___l functioning as the copula complement is under focus. These clauses differ from verbal clauses and predicate adjective clauses involving the copula dé ‘\textsc{be.loc}’ in two ways: Pronomithe morpheme ___l subjects are always from the emphatic series \REF{ex:key:524}, and more often than not, the \textsc{3sg} and \textsc{3pl} pronouns remain unexpressed \REF{ex:key:525} because the morpheme ___ and nóto incorporate \textsc{3sg} reference by default:
A: word: údat	 gloss: who
B: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
C: word: na	 gloss: FOC
D: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mecánico.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ mechanic
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(He’s) not a mecanic.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of copula clauses should be distinguished. Equative clauses feature the focus markers na \textsc{‘foc’} and the morpheme ___ \textsc{‘neg.foc’} in a copula function. I analyse na{}-copula clauses as grammaticalised topic-comment structures, in which the notional subject is topicalised, and the nominal functioning as the copula complement is under focus. These clauses differ from verbal clauses and predicate adjective clauses involving the copula dé ‘\textsc{be.loc}’ in two ways: Pronominal subjects are always from the emphatic series \REF{ex:key:524}, and more often than not, the \textsc{3sg} and \textsc{3pl} pronouns remain unexpressed \REF{ex:key:525} because na and the morpheme ___ incorporate \textsc{3sg} reference by default:
A: word: “na	 gloss: FOC
B: word: “nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
D: word: mɔ́	 gloss: more
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Tidé di húman ___ fáyn.
Gloss (with missing item): today DEF woman ___ fine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Today the woman is fine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate adjective clauses constitute the second type of copula clause. A small set of property-denoting verbs may also function as predicate adjectives and appear as complements \is{complements}to the locative-existential copula the morpheme ___ \textsc{‘be.loc’} \REF{ex:key:526}. Unlike other property items, these adjectives may therefore appear in the same syntactic position as adverbials in this type of copula clause \REF{ex:key:527}:
A: word: dé”	 gloss: BE.LOC
B: word: údat	 gloss: who
C: word: dé	 gloss: BE.LOC
D: word: ser	 gloss: be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E ___ na grɔ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ ___ LOC ground
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He is [lying] on the ground.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate adjective clauses constitute the second type of copula clause. A small set of property-denoting verbs may also function as predicate adjectives and appear as complements \is{complements}to the locative-existential copula the morpheme ___ \textsc{‘be.loc’} \REF{ex:key:526}. Unlike other property items, these adjectives may therefore appear in the same syntactic position as adverbials in this type of copula clause \REF{ex:key:527}:
A: word: dɔ́kta	 gloss: doctor
B: word: ser	 gloss: be
C: word: dé	 gloss: BE.LOC
D: word: dé”	 gloss: BE.LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E dé ___ grɔ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ BE.LOC ___ ground
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He is [lying] on the ground.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate adjective clauses constitute the second type of copula clause. A small set of property-denoting verbs may also function as predicate adjectives and appear as complements \is{complements}to the locative-existential copula dé \textsc{‘be.loc’} \REF{ex:key:526}. Unlike other property items, these adjectives may therefore appear in the same syntactic position as adverbials in this type of copula clause \REF{ex:key:527}:
A: word: ánsa	 gloss: answer
B: word: bíg	 gloss: big
C: word: na	 gloss: LOC
D: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Nó ___
Gloss (with missing item): NEG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Don’t laugh!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The syntax of \textsc{2sg} directive (imperative\is{imperatives}) clauses is distinct from other clause types and other directive clauses in that the \textsc{2sg} subject remains unexpressed \REF{ex:key:528}. However, a \textsc{2pl} subject must be overtly expressed \REF{ex:key:529}:
A: word: gládin	 gloss: be.glad
B: word: láf	 gloss: laugh
C: word: dís	 gloss: this
D: word: láyf	 gloss: life
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ púl di torí!
Gloss (with missing item): ___ pull DEF story
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Tell [PL] the story!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The syntax of \textsc{2sg} directive (imperative\is{imperatives}) clauses is distinct from other clause types and other directive clauses in that the \textsc{2sg} subject remains unexpressed \REF{ex:key:528}. However, a \textsc{2pl} subject must be overtly expressed \REF{ex:key:529}:
A: word: djunais	 gloss: NAME
B: word: “wi	 gloss: 1PL
C: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: ɔ́l	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Una ___ di torí!
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL ___ DEF story
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Tell [PL] the story!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The syntax of \textsc{2sg} directive (imperative\is{imperatives}) clauses is distinct from other clause types and other directive clauses in that the \textsc{2sg} subject remains unexpressed \REF{ex:key:528}. However, a \textsc{2pl} subject must be overtly expressed \REF{ex:key:529}:
A: word: chúk	 gloss: stab
B: word: púl=an	 gloss: remove=3SG.OBJ
C: word: dán	 gloss: that
D: word: púl	 gloss: pull
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ a púl wán smɔ́l torí?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1SG.SBJ pull one small story
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Should I tell a little story?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Moreover, directives are the only type of main clause that feature a TMA marker in the prenominal rather than the preverbal slot; compare the subjunctive\is{subjunctive mood} marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sbjv}’ \REF{ex:key:530}:\is{deontic modality}
A: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
B: word: interés	 gloss: interest
C: word: mék	 gloss: SBJV
D: word: pan	 gloss: pan
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ a púl wán smɔ́l torí?
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1SG.SBJ pull one small story
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Should I tell a little story?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: At the same time, directive subjunctive clauses are structurally no different from other clauses that feature a clause linker at their very left. Compare \REF{ex:key:530} with the sequential clause introduced by wé ‘\textsc{sub}’ in \REF{ex:key:531}:
A: word: bikɔs	 gloss: because
B: word: mék	 gloss: SBJV
C: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
D: word: sala	 gloss: hall
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ e bin dáy só.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG.SBJ PST die like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘And he died just like that.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: At the same time, directive subjunctive clauses are structurally no different from other clauses that feature a clause linker at their very left. Compare \REF{ex:key:530} with the sequential clause introduced by the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{sub}’ in \REF{ex:key:531}:
A: word: pát	 gloss: part
B: word: líba	 gloss: liver
C: word: trowé	 gloss: pour
D: word: wé	 gloss: SUB
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn de ___ dɛ́n skúl fɔ training centre.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL IPFV ___ 3PL.INDP school PREP training centre
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They give them classes at a training centre.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The negation of declarative clauses is symmetrical. They acquire negative polarity when the general negator nó is placed before the bare verb or the relevant TMA marker. The position of the negator is canonical. The imperfective-marked verb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:key:532} is negated in \REF{ex:key:533}. A negative existential clause is presented in \REF{ex:key:534}. Note the appearance of negative concord in the latter example:
A: word: bigín	 gloss: begin
B: word: área	 gloss: area
C: word: bák	 gloss: give.back
D: word: gí	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn ___ de gí nó nátín.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ IPFV give NEG nothing
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They don’t give anything.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The negation of declarative clauses is symmetrical. They acquire negative polarity when the general negator the morpheme ___ is placed before the bare verb or the relevant TMA marker. The position of the negator is canonical. The imperfective-marked verb gí ‘give’ in \REF{ex:key:532} is negated in \REF{ex:key:533}. A negative existential clause is presented in \REF{ex:key:534}. Note the appearance of negative concord in the latter example:
A: word: nɛ́a	 gloss: NEG.PRF
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: “mɔ́nt”	 gloss: month
D: word: nó	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn nó de ___ nó nátín.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL NEG IPFV ___ NEG nothing
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They don’t give anything.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The negation of declarative clauses is symmetrical. They acquire negative polarity when the general negator nó is placed before the bare verb or the relevant TMA marker. The position of the negator is canonical. The imperfective-marked verb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:key:532} is negated in \REF{ex:key:533}. A negative existential clause is presented in \REF{ex:key:534}. Note the appearance of negative concord in the latter example:
A: word: mɔ́	 gloss: more
B: word: bák	 gloss: give.back
C: word: gí	 gloss: give
D: word: bigín	 gloss: begin
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn nó de gí ___ nátín.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL NEG IPFV give ___ nothing
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They don’t give anything.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The negation of declarative clauses is symmetrical. They acquire negative polarity when the general negator the morpheme ___ is placed before the bare verb or the relevant TMA marker. The position of the negator is canonical. The imperfective-marked verb gí ‘give’ in \REF{ex:key:532} is negated in \REF{ex:key:533}. A negative existential clause is presented in \REF{ex:key:534}. Note the appearance of negative concord in the latter example:
A: word: nó	 gloss: NEG
B: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
C: word: nɛ́a	 gloss: NEG.PRF
D: word: pikín	 gloss: child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A