cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dís bɔ́y, ɛ́ni dé e ___ fáyn mɔ́-ɛn-mɔ́.
Gloss (with missing item): this boy every day 3SG.SBJ ___ be.fine more-and-more
The English translation of this sentence is:‘This boy is getting more and more handsome every day.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Inchoative-stative verbs are compatible with the imperfective marker\is{imperfective aspect} the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv’} \REF{ex:key:302} The use of the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv’} with these verbs renthe morpheme ___rs an inchoative meaning, which is in the present tense\is{present tense} in relation to event time (cf. \sectref{sec:6.3.4} for the morpheme ___tails). Likewise, inchoative-stative verbs may combine with the verb bigín ‘begin’. The resulting ingressive aspect\is{ingressive aspect} construction highlights the inchoative, entry-into-state meaning component of the verb \REF{ex:key:303}:
A: word: kin	 gloss: HAB
B: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
C: word: camiseta	 gloss: singlet
D: word: de	 gloss: IPFV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dís bɔ́y, ɛ́ni dé e de ___ mɔ́-ɛn-mɔ́.
Gloss (with missing item): this boy every day 3SG.SBJ IPFV ___ more-and-more
The English translation of this sentence is:‘This boy is getting more and more handsome every day.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Inchoative-stative verbs are compatible with the imperfective marker\is{imperfective aspect} de ‘\textsc{ipfv’} \REF{ex:key:302} The use of de ‘\textsc{ipfv’} with these verbs renders an inchoative meaning, which is in the present tense\is{present tense} in relation to event time (cf. \sectref{sec:6.3.4} for details). Likewise, inchoative-stative verbs may combine with the verb bigín ‘begin’. The resulting ingressive aspect\is{ingressive aspect} construction highlights the inchoative, entry-into-state meaning component of the verb \REF{ex:key:303}:
A: word: fáyn	 gloss: be.fine
B: word: níd	 gloss: need
C: word: káyn	 gloss: kind
D: word: acepta	 gloss: accept
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi bigín ___ nó wi sɛ́f.
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL begin ___ know 1PL self
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We began to get to know each other.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Inchoative-stative verbs are compatible with the imperfective marker\is{imperfective aspect} the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv’} \REF{ex:key:302} The use of the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv’} with these verbs renthe morpheme ___rs an inchoative meaning, which is in the present tense\is{present tense} in relation to event time (cf. \sectref{sec:6.3.4} for the morpheme ___tails). Likewise, inchoative-stative verbs may combine with the verb bigín ‘begin’. The resulting ingressive aspect\is{ingressive aspect} construction highlights the inchoative, entry-into-state meaning component of the verb \REF{ex:key:303}:
A: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
B: word: de	 gloss: IPFV
C: word: plét	 gloss: plate
D: word: lɛ́k	 gloss: like
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi bigín de ___ wi sɛ́f.
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL begin IPFV ___ 1PL self
The English translation of this sentence is:‘We began to get to know each other.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Inchoative-stative verbs are compatible with the imperfective marker\is{imperfective aspect} de ‘\textsc{ipfv’} \REF{ex:key:302} The use of de ‘\textsc{ipfv’} with these verbs renders an inchoative meaning, which is in the present tense\is{present tense} in relation to event time (cf. \sectref{sec:6.3.4} for details). Likewise, inchoative-stative verbs may combine with the verb bigín ‘begin’. The resulting ingressive aspect\is{ingressive aspect} construction highlights the inchoative, entry-into-state meaning component of the verb \REF{ex:key:303}:
A: word: nóto	 gloss: NEG.FOC
B: word: wánt	 gloss: want
C: word: entiende	 gloss: understand
D: word: nó	 gloss: know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di dɔ́g ___ slíp bɔtɔ́n di tébul.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF dog ___ slíp under DEF table
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The dog is sleeping/lying under the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The inchoative-stative posture verbs sidɔ́n ‘sit (down)’, slíp ‘lie down, sleep’ and tínap ‘stand (up)’ may co-ocur with the imperfective marker without necessarily acquiring the usual inchoative sense. These verbs appear to vacillate in their lexical aspect between an inchoative-stative and a dynamic sense. Consithe morpheme ___r the use of slíp ‘lie, sleep’ as an inchoative-stative verb in \REF{ex:key:304} and as a dynamic verb in \REF{ex:key:305}:
A: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: de	 gloss: IPFV
C: word: sɛ́nt	 gloss: scent
D: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di dɔ́g de ___ bɔtɔ́n di tébul.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF dog IPFV ___ under DEF table
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The dog is sleeping/lying under the table.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The inchoative-stative posture verbs sidɔ́n ‘sit (down)’, the morpheme ___ ‘lie down, sleep’ and tínap ‘stand (up)’ may co-ocur with the imperfective marker without necessarily acquiring the usual inchoative sense. These verbs appear to vacillate in their lexical aspect between an inchoative-stative and a dynamic sense. Consider the use of the morpheme ___ ‘lie, sleep’ as an inchoative-stative verb in \REF{ex:key:304} and as a dynamic verb in \REF{ex:key:305}:
A: word: slíp	 gloss: slíp
B: word: wók	 gloss: work
C: word: pípul	 gloss: people
D: word: cruza-cruza	 gloss: cross.CPD{}-cross
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi ___ dé, wi kán gó fɔ, fɔ Akebeville.
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL ___ there 1PL PFV go PREP PREP PLACE
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(When) we left there, we went to, to Akebeville.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A semantic specialisation of the inchoative vs. the dynamic meanings of the verb is also present with the verb the morpheme ___. When unmarked, it is left to context to disambiguate the meanings ‘come from’ (dynamic) and ‘hail from’ (inchoative-stative) from each other. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:308} and \REF{ex:key:309}, respectively:
A: word: wɔ́d	 gloss: word
B: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: go.out
C: word: domɔ́t	 gloss: door
D: word: mébi	 gloss: maybe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{U}s=sáy yu ___
Gloss (with missing item): Q=side 2SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Where do you come from?' or ‘Where did you exit [e.g. the market]?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A semantic specialisation of the inchoative vs. the dynamic meanings of the verb is also present with the verb the morpheme ___. When unmarked, it is left to context to disambiguate the meanings ‘come from’ (dynamic) and ‘hail from’ (inchoative-stative) from each other. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:308} and \REF{ex:key:309}, respectively:
A: word: ték	 gloss: take
B: word: tót=an	 gloss: carry=3SG.OBJ
C: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: come.from
D: word: domɔ́t	 gloss: door
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{U}s=sáy yu ___
Gloss (with missing item): Q=side 2SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Where do you come from?' or ‘Where did you exit [e.g. the market]?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A comparison of \REF{ex:key:309} and \REF{ex:key:310} shows that ambiguity does not arise once the morpheme ___ is marked for imperfective aspect:
A: word: wét	 gloss: wait
B: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: come.from
C: word: máred	 gloss: marry
D: word: domɔ́t	 gloss: door
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu ___ kɔmɔ́t ús=sáy?
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG ___ come.out Q=side
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Where are you coming from?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A comparison of \REF{ex:key:309} and \REF{ex:key:310} shows that ambiguity does not arise once kɔmɔ́t is marked for imperfective aspect:
A: word: de	 gloss: IPFV
B: word: mɔs	 gloss: OBL
C: word: gasta	 gloss: spend
D: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu de ___ ús=sáy?
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG IPFV ___ Q=side
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Where are you coming from?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A comparison of \REF{ex:key:309} and \REF{ex:key:310} shows that ambiguity does not arise once the morpheme ___ is marked for imperfective aspect:
A: word: adɔnkɛ́	 gloss: even.if
B: word: domɔ́t	 gloss: door
C: word: chák	 gloss: get.drunk
D: word: kɔmɔ́t	 gloss: come.out
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn ___ sláp dɛn sɛ́f.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ slap 3PL self
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They’re slapping each other.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The data contains a large number of dynamic verbs from a withe morpheme ___ range of semantic classes. Dynamic verbs may appear freely with the imperfective marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{ipfv’} \REF{ex:key:312} and in ingressive\is{ingressive aspect} auxiliary constructions featuring the aspectual/phasal verb bigín ‘begin’ \REF{ex:key:313}. The use of the imperfective marker\is{imperfective aspect} renthe morpheme ___rs a progressive or habitual aspect\is{habitual aspect} reading with dynamic verbs. Note that labile\is{labile verbs} inchoative-stative verbs may also be used as dynamic verbs in transitive clauses (cf. \sectref{sec:9.2.3} for further the morpheme ___tails):\is{imperfective aspect}
A: word: de	 gloss: IPFV
B: word: permiso	 gloss: permission
C: word: cuaderno	 gloss: exercise.book
D: word: difícil	 gloss: difficult
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn de ___ dɛn sɛ́f.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL IPFV ___ 3PL self
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They’re slapping each other.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The data contains a large number of dynamic verbs from a wide range of semantic classes. Dynamic verbs may appear freely with the imperfective marker de ‘\textsc{ipfv’} \REF{ex:key:312} and in ingressive\is{ingressive aspect} auxiliary constructions featuring the aspectual/phasal verb bigín ‘begin’ \REF{ex:key:313}. The use of the imperfective marker\is{imperfective aspect} renders a progressive or habitual aspect\is{habitual aspect} reading with dynamic verbs. Note that labile\is{labile verbs} inchoative-stative verbs may also be used as dynamic verbs in transitive clauses (cf. \sectref{sec:9.2.3} for further details):\is{imperfective aspect}
A: word: sláp	 gloss: slap
B: word: hán	 gloss: hand
C: word: wók	 gloss: work
D: word: slíp	 gloss: sleep
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \MakeUppercase{A} ___ gó skúl.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ ___ go school
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I began going to school.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The data contains a large number of dynamic verbs from a wide range of semantic classes. Dynamic verbs may appear freely with the imperfective marker de ‘\textsc{ipfv’} \REF{ex:key:312} and in ingressive\is{ingressive aspect} auxiliary constructions featuring the aspectual/phasal verb the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ \REF{ex:key:313}. The use of the imperfective marker\is{imperfective aspect} renders a progressive or habitual aspect\is{habitual aspect} reading with dynamic verbs. Note that labile\is{labile verbs} inchoative-stative verbs may also be used as dynamic verbs in transitive clauses (cf. \sectref{sec:9.2.3} for further details):\is{imperfective aspect}
A: word: hébul	 gloss: be.capable
B: word: fɔ́s	 gloss: first
C: word: bigín	 gloss: begin
D: word: sigue	 gloss: follow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \MakeUppercase{A} bigín ___ skúl.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ begin ___ school
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I began going to school.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The data contains a large number of dynamic verbs from a wide range of semantic classes. Dynamic verbs may appear freely with the imperfective marker de ‘\textsc{ipfv’} \REF{ex:key:312} and in ingressive\is{ingressive aspect} auxiliary constructions featuring the aspectual/phasal verb bigín ‘begin’ \REF{ex:key:313}. The use of the imperfective marker\is{imperfective aspect} renders a progressive or habitual aspect\is{habitual aspect} reading with dynamic verbs. Note that labile\is{labile verbs} inchoative-stative verbs may also be used as dynamic verbs in transitive clauses (cf. \sectref{sec:9.2.3} for further details):\is{imperfective aspect}
A: word: sɔntɛ́n	 gloss: perhaps
B: word: gó	 gloss: go
C: word: gó”	 gloss: go
D: word: baja	 gloss: go.down
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): So na dán tín mék, e de ___ sé mék a de gí=an smɔ́l tín ɔ́l tɛ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): so FOC that thing make 3SG.SBJ IPFV ___ QUOT SBJV 1SG.SBJ IPFV give=3SG.OBJ small thing all time
The English translation of this sentence is:‘So that’s why she allows me to give her a small amount all the time.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \REF{ex:key:427}
A: word: dríng	 gloss: drink
B: word: acepta	 gloss: accept
C: word: grí	 gloss: agree
D: word: bɔkú	 gloss: much
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): So na dán tín mék, e de grí ___ mék a de gí=an smɔ́l tín ɔ́l tɛ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): so FOC that thing make 3SG.SBJ IPFV agree ___ SBJV 1SG.SBJ IPFV give=3SG.OBJ small thing all time
The English translation of this sentence is:‘So that’s why she allows me to give her a small amount all the time.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \REF{ex:key:427}
A: word: sé	 gloss: QUOT
B: word: bɔkú	 gloss: much
C: word: líng	 gloss: lean
D: word: sén	 gloss: EMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): So na dán tín mék, e de grí sé ___ a de gí=an smɔ́l tín ɔ́l tɛ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): so FOC that thing make 3SG.SBJ IPFV agree QUOT ___ 1SG.SBJ IPFV give=3SG.OBJ small thing all time
The English translation of this sentence is:‘So that’s why she allows me to give her a small amount all the time.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \REF{ex:key:427}
A: word: bubɛ	 gloss: Bube
B: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
C: word: mék	 gloss: SBJV
D: word: yɛ́lo	 gloss: be.yellow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ a bin sí=an yɛ́stadé a bin fɔ gí=an di mɔní.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1SG.SBJ PST see=3SG.OBJ yesterday 1SG.SBJ PST COND give=3SG.OBJ DEF money
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If I had seen her yesterday, I would have given her the money.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \REF{ex:key:1529}
A: word: trata	 gloss: treat
B: word: ɛf	 gloss: if
C: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: fínis	 gloss: finish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B