cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 167:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dán mán e bin kán ___ na jél lɔ́n tɛ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): that man 3SG.SBJ PST PFV ___ LOC jail long time
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That man went to jail a long time ago.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb fíba ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs lɛ́k ‘like’ and sabí ‘(get to) know’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: baja	 gloss: go.down
B: word: lɔ́n	 gloss: long
C: word: gó”	 gloss: go
D: word: gó	 gloss: go
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 168:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E gí di papá di pikín, kɔmɔ́t, e ___ kán na Malábo.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ give DEF father DEF child go.out 3SG.SBJ ___ come LOC PLACE
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She gave her child to the father, left, (and then) she came to Malabo.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb fíba ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs lɛ́k ‘like’ and sabí ‘(get to) know’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: mébi	 gloss: maybe
B: word: “kán	 gloss: come
C: word: kán	 gloss: PFV
D: word: llegue	 gloss: arrive:SBJV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 169:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): E gí di papá di pikín, kɔmɔ́t, e kán ___ na Malábo.
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.SBJ give DEF father DEF child go.out 3SG.SBJ PFV ___ LOC PLACE
The English translation of this sentence is:‘She gave her child to the father, left, (and then) she came to Malabo.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb fíba ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs lɛ́k ‘like’ and sabí ‘(get to) know’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: gó”	 gloss: go
B: word: sɔntɛ́n	 gloss: perhaps
C: word: kán	 gloss: come
D: word: “kán	 gloss: come
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 170:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí nó ___ e fíba sé e nó lɛ́k tín dɛn fɔ súp.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP NEG ___ 3SG.SBJ seem QUOT 3SG.SBJ NEG like thing PL PREP soup
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I [EMP] don’t know, it seems that she doesn’t like soupy things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb fíba ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs lɛ́k ‘like’ and the morpheme ___ ‘(get to) its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: mɔs	 gloss: OBL
B: word: sabí	 gloss: know
C: word: bíl	 gloss: build
D: word: entiende	 gloss: understand
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 171:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí nó sabí, e ___ sé e nó lɛ́k tín dɛn fɔ súp.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP NEG know 3SG.SBJ ___ QUOT 3SG.SBJ NEG like thing PL PREP soup
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I [EMP] don’t know, it seems that she doesn’t like soupy things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb the morpheme ___ ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs lɛ́k ‘like’ and sabí ‘(get to) know’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: cable	 gloss: cable
B: word: fíba”	 gloss: resemble
C: word: fíba	 gloss: seem
D: word: jɔ́s	 gloss: just
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 172:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí nó sabí, e fíba sé e nó ___ tín dɛn fɔ súp.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP NEG know 3SG.SBJ seem QUOT 3SG.SBJ NEG ___ thing PL PREP soup
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I [EMP] don’t know, it seems that she doesn’t like soupy things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb fíba ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ and sabí ‘(get to) know’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: dɔ́n	 gloss: PRF
B: word: tan	 gloss: as
C: word: lɛ́k=an	 gloss: like=3SG.OBJ
D: word: lɛ́k	 gloss: like
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 173:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí nó ___ e fíba sé e nó lɛ́k tín dɛn fɔ súp.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP NEG ___ 3SG.SBJ seem QUOT 3SG.SBJ NEG like thing PL PREP soup
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I [EMP] don’t know, it seems that she doesn’t like soupy things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb fíba ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs lɛ́k ‘like’ and the morpheme ___ ‘(get to) its gloss ___’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: máred	 gloss: marry
B: word: sabí	 gloss: know
C: word: bíl	 gloss: build
D: word: entiende	 gloss: understand
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 174:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí nó sabí, e ___ sé e nó lɛ́k tín dɛn fɔ súp.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP NEG know 3SG.SBJ ___ QUOT 3SG.SBJ NEG like thing PL PREP soup
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I [EMP] don’t know, it seems that she doesn’t like soupy things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb the morpheme ___ ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs lɛ́k ‘like’ and sabí ‘(get to) know’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: fíba”	 gloss: resemble
B: word: mɔ́	 gloss: more
C: word: níd	 gloss: need
D: word: fíba	 gloss: seem
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 175:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí nó sabí, e fíba sé e nó ___ tín dɛn fɔ súp.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP NEG know 3SG.SBJ seem QUOT 3SG.SBJ NEG ___ thing PL PREP soup
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I [EMP] don’t know, it seems that she doesn’t like soupy things.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two types of past tense expression exist in Pichi. The principal means of expressing past tense by default are factative marking (cf. e.g. \ref{ex:key:314}) and the use of the narrative perfective{\fff} marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:323}–\ref{ex:key:324}). With (inchoative-)stative verbs, factative TMA gives rise to present tense{\fff} reference by default. This is illustrated in \REF{ex:key:378} with the stative verb fíba ‘resemble’ and the inchoative-stative verbs the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ and sabí ‘(get to) know’ in \REF{ex:key:378}.
A: word: lɛ́k	 gloss: like
B: word: wók	 gloss: work
C: word: tan	 gloss: as
D: word: lɛ́k=an	 gloss: like=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 176:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ tɛ́n a dé fáyn.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ time 1SG.SBJ BE.LOC fine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That time, I was fine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Factative-marked stative verbs have a default present tense reference in relation to event time. Hence past tense reference can only be established for stative verbs by means of explicit past tense marking (i.e. via bin ‘\textsc{pst}’) or by means of contextual cues in the clause. In \REF{ex:key:380}, the time adverbial the morpheme ___ tɛ́n ‘its gloss ___ time’ anchors time reference in the past, so the stative copula dé is interpreted as simultaneous to this tense anchor:
A: word: dís	 gloss: this
B: word: dáns	 gloss: dance
C: word: ték	 gloss: take
D: word: dán	 gloss: that
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 177:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dán ___ a dé fáyn.
Gloss (with missing item): that ___ 1SG.SBJ BE.LOC fine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That time, I was fine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Factative-marked stative verbs have a default present tense reference in relation to event its gloss ___. Hence past tense reference can only be established for stative verbs by means of explicit past tense marking (i.e. via bin ‘\textsc{pst}’) or by means of contextual cues in the clause. In \REF{ex:key:380}, the its gloss ___ adverbial dán the morpheme ___ ‘that its gloss ___’ anchors its gloss ___ reference in the past, so the stative copula dé is interpreted as simultaneous to this tense anchor:
A: word: veces	 gloss: time.PL
B: word: jɔ́s	 gloss: just
C: word: sɔntɛ́n	 gloss: perhaps
D: word: tɛ́n	 gloss: time
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 178:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dán tɛ́n a ___ fáyn.
Gloss (with missing item): that time 1SG.SBJ ___ fine
The English translation of this sentence is:‘That time, I was fine.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Factative-marked stative verbs have a default present tense reference in relation to event time. Hence past tense reference can only be established for stative verbs by means of explicit past tense marking (i.e. via bin ‘\textsc{pst}’) or by means of contextual cues in the clause. In \REF{ex:key:380}, the time adverbial dán tɛ́n ‘that time’ anchors time reference in the past, so the stative copula the morpheme ___ is interpreted as simultaneous to this tense anchor:
A: word: dé	 gloss: BE.LOC
B: word: dé”	 gloss: BE.LOC
C: word: kɔ́t	 gloss: cut
D: word: ser	 gloss: be
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 179:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí ___ dé dé, a bin mék dásɔl, dís, a de mék} fínga dɛn, manicura.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP ___ BE.LOC there 1SG.SBJ PST make only this 1SG.SBJ IPFV make finger PL manicure
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(As for) me, (when) I was there, I only made, this, I used to make fingers, manicure.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Secondly, past tense may be explicitly marked by means of the past marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pst’}, which encodes relational past tense. Bin is not obligatory in clauses with past reference. Instead, its use depends on discourse-pragmatic factors. The past marker is generally employed in temporally remote, backgrounded, orienting, and supportive sections of narratives. In this function, the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pst}’ is diametrically opposed to the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’. It should therefore come as no surprise that the morpheme ___ has a default imperfective reading next to its function as a past tense marker. Consider sentence \REF{ex:key:381}:
A: word: íbin	 gloss: evening
B: word: camiseta	 gloss: singlet
C: word: bin	 gloss: PST
D: word: calcula	 gloss: calculate
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 180:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí bin ___ dé, a bin mék dásɔl, dís, a de mék} fínga dɛn, manicura.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP PST ___ there 1SG.SBJ PST make only this 1SG.SBJ IPFV make finger PL manicure
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(As for) me, (when) I was there, I only made, this, I used to make fingers, manicure.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Secondly, past tense may be explicitly marked by means of the past marker bin ‘\textsc{pst’}, which encodes relational past tense. Bin is not obligatory in clauses with past reference. Instead, its use depends on discourse-pragmatic factors. The past marker is generally employed in temporally remote, backgrounded, orienting, and supportive sections of narratives. In this function, bin ‘\textsc{pst}’ is diametrically opposed to the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’. It should therefore come as no surprise that bin has a default imperfective reading next to its function as a past tense marker. Consider sentence \REF{ex:key:381}:
A: word: dé	 gloss: BE.LOC
B: word: dé”	 gloss: BE.LOC
C: word: ser	 gloss: be
D: word: dáy	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 181:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí bin dé dé, a ___ mék dásɔl, dís, a de mék} fínga dɛn, manicura.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP PST BE.LOC there 1SG.SBJ ___ make only this 1SG.SBJ IPFV make finger PL manicure
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(As for) me, (when) I was there, I only made, this, I used to make fingers, manicure.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Secondly, past tense may be explicitly marked by means of the past marker the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pst’}, which encodes relational past tense. Bin is not obligatory in clauses with past reference. Instead, its use depends on discourse-pragmatic factors. The past marker is generally employed in temporally remote, backgrounded, orienting, and supportive sections of narratives. In this function, the morpheme ___ ‘\textsc{pst}’ is diametrically opposed to the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’. It should therefore come as no surprise that the morpheme ___ has a default imperfective reading next to its function as a past tense marker. Consider sentence \REF{ex:key:381}:
A: word: bin	 gloss: PST
B: word: que	 gloss: that
C: word: camiseta	 gloss: singlet
D: word: íbin	 gloss: evening
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 182:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí bin dé dé, a bin ___ dásɔl, dís, a de mék} fínga dɛn, manicura.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP PST BE.LOC there 1SG.SBJ PST ___ only this 1SG.SBJ IPFV make finger PL manicure
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(As for) me, (when) I was there, I only made, this, I used to make fingers, manicure.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Secondly, past tense may be explicitly marked by means of the past marker bin ‘\textsc{pst’}, which encodes relational past tense. Bin is not obligatory in clauses with past reference. Instead, its use depends on discourse-pragmatic factors. The past marker is generally employed in temporally remote, backgrounded, orienting, and supportive sections of narratives. In this function, bin ‘\textsc{pst}’ is diametrically opposed to the narrative perfective marker kán ‘\textsc{pfv}’. It should therefore come as no surprise that bin has a default imperfective reading next to its function as a past tense marker. Consider sentence \REF{ex:key:381}:
A: word: mék	 gloss: make
B: word: jám	 gloss: make.contact
C: word: púl	 gloss: remove
D: word: mék=an	 gloss: make=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A