cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 184:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn tɛ́l=an sé “nóto ___ wán”.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL tell=3SG.OBJ QUOT NEG.FOC ___ one
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They told her “it’s not only her”.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The numeral wán has a number of functions that are derived from its cardinality sense. We have seen that it functions as an indefinite deteminer and a pronominal or nominal substitute (cf. \ref{ex:key:194}–\ref{ex:key:195}). The adverbialising suffix -wán ‘adv’ is also etymologically related to the cardinal numeral wán (cf. also \sectref{sec:5.2.1} and \sectref{sec:5.4.4}). The numeral wán also expresses adverbial meanings such as ‘alone, single-handedly’ with an emphatic{\fff} nuance, as in \REF{ex:key:257}. When used in this way, wán may modify a head noun post-nominally like a postnominal modifier, such as the focus particle sɛ́f ‘self, emp’. However, wán does not modify full nouns by itself. It rather appears after an independent (emphatic) personal pronoun that is coreferential with the full noun in question \REF{ex:key:258} (cf. also \ref{ex:key:289}–\ref{ex:key:290}):
A: word: ín	 gloss: 3SG.INDP
B: word: tín	 gloss: thing
C: word: reduce	 gloss: reduce
D: word: fés	 gloss: face
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 185:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi ___ ín wán mɛ́n di pikín.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS ___ 3SG.INDP one raise DEF child
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My brother raised the [his] child single-handedly.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The numeral wán has a number of functions that are derived from its cardinality sense. We have seen that it functions as an indefinite deteminer and a pronominal or nominal substitute (cf. \ref{ex:key:194}–\ref{ex:key:195}). The adverbialising suffix -wán ‘adv’ is also etymologically related to the cardinal numeral wán (cf. also \sectref{sec:5.2.1} and \sectref{sec:5.4.4}). The numeral wán also expresses adverbial meanings such as ‘alone, single-handedly’ with an emphatic{\fff} nuance, as in \REF{ex:key:257}. When used in this way, wán may modify a head noun post-nominally like a postnominal modifier, such as the focus particle sɛ́f ‘self, emp’. However, wán does not modify full nouns by itself. It rather appears after an independent (emphatic) personal pronoun that is coreferential with the full noun in question \REF{ex:key:258} (cf. also \ref{ex:key:289}–\ref{ex:key:290}):
A: word: ɔ́da	 gloss: other
B: word: bɔkú	 gloss: much
C: word: cuñado	 gloss: brother-in-law
D: word: brɔ́da	 gloss: brother
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 186:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi brɔ́da ___ wán mɛ́n di pikín.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS brother ___ one raise DEF child
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My brother raised the [his] child single-handedly.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The numeral wán has a number of functions that are derived from its cardinality sense. We have seen that it functions as an indefinite deteminer and a pronominal or nominal substitute (cf. \ref{ex:key:194}–\ref{ex:key:195}). The adverbialising suffix -wán ‘adv’ is also etymologically related to the cardinal numeral wán (cf. also \sectref{sec:5.2.1} and \sectref{sec:5.4.4}). The numeral wán also expresses adverbial meanings such as ‘alone, single-handedly’ with an emphatic{\fff} nuance, as in \REF{ex:key:257}. When used in this way, wán may modify a head noun post-nominally like a postnominal modifier, such as the focus particle sɛ́f ‘self, emp’. However, wán does not modify full nouns by itself. It rather appears after an independent (emphatic) personal pronoun that is coreferential with the full noun in question \REF{ex:key:258} (cf. also \ref{ex:key:289}–\ref{ex:key:290}):
A: word: tín	 gloss: thing
B: word: ɛ́ni	 gloss: every
C: word: dráy=an	 gloss: dry=3SG.OBJ
D: word: ín	 gloss: 3SG.INDP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 187:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mi brɔ́da ín ___ mɛ́n di pikín.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.POSS brother 3SG.INDP ___ raise DEF child
The English translation of this sentence is:‘My brother raised the [his] child single-handedly.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The numeral the morpheme ___ has a number of functions that are derived from its cardinality sense. We have seen that it functions as an indefinite deteminer and a pronominal or nominal substitute (cf. \ref{ex:key:194}–\ref{ex:key:195}). The adverbialising suffix -the morpheme ___ ‘adv’ is also etymologically related to the cardinal numeral the morpheme ___ (cf. also \sectref{sec:5.2.1} and \sectref{sec:5.4.4}). The numeral the morpheme ___ also expresses adverbial meanings such as ‘alits gloss ___, single-handedly’ with an emphatic{\fff} nuance, as in \REF{ex:key:257}. When used in this way, the morpheme ___ may modify a head noun post-nominally like a postnominal modifier, such as the focus particle sɛ́f ‘self, emp’. However, the morpheme ___ does not modify full nouns by itself. It rather appears after an independent (emphatic) personal pronoun that is coreferential with the full noun in question \REF{ex:key:258} (cf. also \ref{ex:key:289}–\ref{ex:key:290}):
A: word: pát	 gloss: part
B: word: wáns	 gloss: once
C: word: wánt	 gloss: want
D: word: wán	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 188:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu bin dé ___ wán yu nó bin fɔ tɔ́k só.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG PST BE.LOC ___ one 2SG NEG PST COND talk like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If you had been alone, you wouldn’t have talked like that.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The numeral wán has a number of functions that are derived from its cardinality sense. We have seen that it functions as an indefinite deteminer and a pronominal or nominal substitute (cf. \ref{ex:key:194}–\ref{ex:key:195}). The adverbialising suffix -wán ‘adv’ is also etymologically related to the cardinal numeral wán (cf. also \sectref{sec:5.2.1} and \sectref{sec:5.4.4}). The numeral wán also expresses adverbial meanings such as ‘alone, single-handedly’ with an emphatic{\fff} nuance, as in \REF{ex:key:257}. When used in this way, wán may modify a head noun post-nominally like a postnominal modifier, such as the focus particle sɛ́f ‘self, emp’. However, wán does not modify full nouns by itself. It rather appears after an independent (emphatic) personal pronoun that is coreferential with the full noun in question \REF{ex:key:258} (cf. also \ref{ex:key:289}–\ref{ex:key:290}):
A: word: nyú	 gloss: new
B: word: kéch	 gloss: catch
C: word: yú	 gloss: 2SG.INDP
D: word: pípul	 gloss: people
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 189:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ɛf yu bin dé yú ___ yu nó bin fɔ tɔ́k só.
Gloss (with missing item): if 2SG PST BE.LOC 2SG.INDP ___ 2SG NEG PST COND talk like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If you had been alone, you wouldn’t have talked like that.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The numeral the morpheme ___ has a number of functions that are derived from its cardinality sense. We have seen that it functions as an indefinite deteminer and a pronominal or nominal substitute (cf. \ref{ex:key:194}–\ref{ex:key:195}). The adverbialising suffix -the morpheme ___ ‘adv’ is also etymologically related to the cardinal numeral the morpheme ___ (cf. also \sectref{sec:5.2.1} and \sectref{sec:5.4.4}). The numeral the morpheme ___ also expresses adverbial meanings such as ‘alits gloss ___, single-handedly’ with an emphatic{\fff} nuance, as in \REF{ex:key:257}. When used in this way, the morpheme ___ may modify a head noun post-nominally like a postnominal modifier, such as the focus particle sɛ́f ‘self, emp’. However, the morpheme ___ does not modify full nouns by itself. It rather appears after an independent (emphatic) personal pronoun that is coreferential with the full noun in question \REF{ex:key:258} (cf. also \ref{ex:key:289}–\ref{ex:key:290}):
A: word: wánt	 gloss: want
B: word: wán	 gloss: one
C: word: wáns	 gloss: once
D: word: pɔ́sin	 gloss: person
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 190:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ___ wán de disfruta ó.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC ___ one IPFV enjoy SP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It is them alone who are enjoying [it].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The numeral wán has a number of functions that are derived from its cardinality sense. We have seen that it functions as an indefinite deteminer and a pronominal or nominal substitute (cf. \ref{ex:key:194}–\ref{ex:key:195}). The adverbialising suffix -wán ‘adv’ is also etymologically related to the cardinal numeral wán (cf. also \sectref{sec:5.2.1} and \sectref{sec:5.4.4}). The numeral wán also expresses adverbial meanings such as ‘alone, single-handedly’ with an emphatic{\fff} nuance, as in \REF{ex:key:257}. When used in this way, wán may modify a head noun post-nominally like a postnominal modifier, such as the focus particle sɛ́f ‘self, emp’. However, wán does not modify full nouns by itself. It rather appears after an independent (emphatic) personal pronoun that is coreferential with the full noun in question \REF{ex:key:258} (cf. also \ref{ex:key:289}–\ref{ex:key:290}):
A: word: dɛ́n	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: brɔ́da	 gloss: brother
C: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: tɛ́n	 gloss: time
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 191:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na dɛ́n ___ de disfruta ó.
Gloss (with missing item): FOC 3PL ___ IPFV enjoy SP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It is them alone who are enjoying [it].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The numeral the morpheme ___ has a number of functions that are derived from its cardinality sense. We have seen that it functions as an indefinite deteminer and a pronominal or nominal substitute (cf. \ref{ex:key:194}–\ref{ex:key:195}). The adverbialising suffix -the morpheme ___ ‘adv’ is also etymologically related to the cardinal numeral the morpheme ___ (cf. also \sectref{sec:5.2.1} and \sectref{sec:5.4.4}). The numeral the morpheme ___ also expresses adverbial meanings such as ‘alits gloss ___, single-handedly’ with an emphatic{\fff} nuance, as in \REF{ex:key:257}. When used in this way, the morpheme ___ may modify a head noun post-nominally like a postnominal modifier, such as the focus particle sɛ́f ‘self, emp’. However, the morpheme ___ does not modify full nouns by itself. It rather appears after an independent (emphatic) personal pronoun that is coreferential with the full noun in question \REF{ex:key:258} (cf. also \ref{ex:key:289}–\ref{ex:key:290}):
A: word: wáns	 gloss: once
B: word: sobrinos	 gloss: nephew.PL
C: word: wánt	 gloss: want
D: word: wán	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 192:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) yu de bák ___ di mɔní (...)
Gloss (with missing item): (...) 2SG IPFV give.back ___ DEF money (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) you return all the money (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ occurs with count and mass nouns alike. the morpheme ___ is encountered in a pre- \REF{ex:key:259}, and postnominal position \REF{ex:key:260}, yet without any effect on its quantificational properties:
A: word: hól	 gloss: whole
B: word: bɔ́l	 gloss: ball
C: word: ɔ́l	 gloss: all
D: word: mɛ́n=an	 gloss: care.for=3SG.OBJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 193:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) yu de bák ɔ́l ___ mɔní (...)
Gloss (with missing item): (...) 2SG IPFV give.back all ___ money (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) you return all the money (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier ɔ́l ‘all’ occurs with count and mass nouns alike. ɔ́l is encountered in a pre- \REF{ex:key:259}, and postnominal position \REF{ex:key:260}, yet without any effect on its quantificational properties:
A: word: chía	 gloss: chair
B: word: dɛn-ɔ́l	 gloss: 3PL.CPD-all
C: word: directo	 gloss: direct
D: word: di	 gloss: DEF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 194:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): (...) yu de bák ɔ́l di ___ (...)
Gloss (with missing item): (...) 2SG IPFV give.back all DEF ___ (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) you return all the money (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier ɔ́l ‘all’ occurs with count and mass nouns alike. ɔ́l is encountered in a pre- \REF{ex:key:259}, and postnominal position \REF{ex:key:260}, yet without any effect on its quantificational properties:
A: word: mɔnkí	 gloss: monkey
B: word: dólar	 gloss: dollar
C: word: mɔní	 gloss: money
D: word: camerún	 gloss: PLACE
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 195:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pikín ɔ́l sé na mi yón bikɔs a dɔ́n pé mɔní.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ child all QUOT FOC 1SG.POSS own because 1SG.SBJ PFV pay money
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) all the children are mine, because I have paid money [the dowry].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier ɔ́l ‘all’ occurs with count and mass nouns alike. ɔ́l is encountered in a pre- \REF{ex:key:259}, and postnominal position \REF{ex:key:260}, yet without any effect on its quantificational properties:
A: word: fronteras	 gloss: borders
B: word: respira	 gloss: breathe
C: word: directo	 gloss: direct
D: word: di	 gloss: DEF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 196:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di ___ ɔ́l sé na mi yón bikɔs a dɔ́n pé mɔní.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF ___ all QUOT FOC 1SG.POSS own because 1SG.SBJ PFV pay money
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) all the children are mine, because I have paid money [the dowry].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier ɔ́l ‘all’ occurs with count and mass nouns alike. ɔ́l is encountered in a pre- \REF{ex:key:259}, and postnominal position \REF{ex:key:260}, yet without any effect on its quantificational properties:
A: word: pikín	 gloss: child
B: word: bɔ́y-s	 gloss: boy-PL
C: word: bɔ́y	 gloss: boy
D: word: tín	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 197:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di pikín ___ sé na mi yón bikɔs a dɔ́n pé mɔní.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF child ___ QUOT FOC 1SG.POSS own because 1SG.SBJ PFV pay money
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(...) all the children are mine, because I have paid money [the dowry].’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The quantifier the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ occurs with count and mass nouns alike. the morpheme ___ is encountered in a pre- \REF{ex:key:259}, and postnominal position \REF{ex:key:260}, yet without any effect on its quantificational properties:
A: word: trí	 gloss: three
B: word: bɔ́l	 gloss: ball
C: word: hól	 gloss: whole
D: word: ɔ́l	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 198:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí sɛ́f, ___ pɔ́sin dɛn kin áks mí sé yu dɔ́n bɔ́n?
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP EMP ___ person PL HAB ask 1SG.INDP QUOT 2SG PFV give.birth
The English translation of this sentence is:‘As for me, all people ask me, “do you have a child?”’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The occurrence of plural marking in the quantifier phrase in \REF{ex:key:263} also illustrates that a distinction between the meanings of ‘everybody’ and ‘its gloss ___ persons/people’ is irrelevant in Pichi, since genericity can be expressed through bare “singular” nouns and plural-marked nouns alike (cf. \sectref{sec:5.1.4}):
A: word: bɔ́l	 gloss: ball
B: word: hól	 gloss: whole
C: word: dís	 gloss: this
D: word: ɔ́l	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 199:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mí sɛ́f, ɔ́l ___ dɛn kin áks mí sé yu dɔ́n bɔ́n?
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.INDP EMP all ___ PL HAB ask 1SG.INDP QUOT 2SG PFV give.birth
The English translation of this sentence is:‘As for me, all people ask me, “do you have a child?”’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The occurrence of plural marking in the quantifier phrase in \REF{ex:key:263} also illustrates that a distinction between the meanings of ‘everybody’ and ‘all its gloss ___s/people’ is irrelevant in Pichi, since genericity can be expressed through bare “singular” nouns and plural-marked nouns alike (cf. \sectref{sec:5.1.4}):
A: word: pɔ́sin	 gloss: person
B: word: wán	 gloss: one
C: word: ús=pɔ́sin	 gloss: Q=person
D: word: plɛ́nte	 gloss: be.plenty
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A