cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu ték ___ maíz yu hól=an.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG take ___ maize 2SG hold=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You take the maize and hold it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article the morpheme ___ signals definiteness of a noun phrase. It is neutral as to number and can be used with count, mass, and proper nouns alike. Di may precede NPs headed by full nouns (cf. \ref{ex:key:169} below), the numeral wán ‘one’ in its function as a pronominal \REF{ex:key:165}, or any element functioning as a noun, such as the deverbal noun dú in \REF{ex:key:166}\textsc{:}
A: word: fínga	 gloss: finger
B: word: di	 gloss: DEF
C: word: seis	 gloss: six
D: word: directo	 gloss: direct
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu ték di ___ yu hól=an.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG take DEF ___ 2SG hold=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You take the maize and hold it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article di signals definiteness of a noun phrase. It is neutral as to number and can be used with count, mass, and proper nouns alike. Di may precede NPs headed by full nouns (cf. \ref{ex:key:169} below), the numeral wán ‘one’ in its function as a pronominal \REF{ex:key:165}, or any element functioning as a noun, such as the deverbal noun dú in \REF{ex:key:166}\textsc{:}
A: word: colór	 gloss: colour
B: word: maíz	 gloss: maize
C: word: ɛ́ni	 gloss: every
D: word: tomates	 gloss: tomatoes
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di láyf fɔ́s tɛ́n e bin swít pás ___ wán tidé.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF life first time 3SG.SBJ PST be.sweet pass ___ one today
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Life in the past was more enjoyable than that of today.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article the morpheme ___ signals definiteness of a noun phrase. It is neutral as to number and can be used with count, mass, and proper nouns alike. Di may precede NPs headed by full nouns (cf. \ref{ex:key:169} below), the numeral wán ‘one’ in its function as a pronominal \REF{ex:key:165}, or any element functioning as a noun, such as the deverbal noun dú in \REF{ex:key:166}\textsc{:}
A: word: directo	 gloss: direct
B: word: jwɛn-jwɛ́n	 gloss: RED.CPD{}-join
C: word: “ɔ́l	 gloss: all
D: word: di	 gloss: DEF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Di láyf fɔ́s tɛ́n e bin swít pás di ___ tidé.
Gloss (with missing item): DEF life first time 3SG.SBJ PST be.sweet pass DEF ___ today
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Life in the past was more enjoyable than that of today.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article di signals definiteness of a noun phrase. It is neutral as to number and can be used with count, mass, and proper nouns alike. Di may precede NPs headed by full nouns (cf. \ref{ex:key:169} below), the numeral the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ in its function as a pronominal \REF{ex:key:165}, or any element functioning as a noun, such as the deverbal noun dú in \REF{ex:key:166}\textsc{:}
A: word: ɔnkúl	 gloss: uncle
B: word: wán	 gloss: one
C: word: wánt	 gloss: want
D: word: wáns	 gloss: once
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mék e bít yú, mék e dú yú ___ dú e wánt, mék e hála, (...)
Gloss (with missing item): SBJV 3SG.SBJ beat 2SG.INDP SBJV 3SG.SBJ do 2SG.INDP ___ do 3SG.SBJ want SBJV 3SG.SBJ shout (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Let him beat you, let him do to you what he wants to, let him shout (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article the morpheme ___ signals definiteness of a noun phrase. It is neutral as to number and can be used with count, mass, and proper nouns alike. Di may precede NPs headed by full nouns (cf. \ref{ex:key:169} below), the numeral wán ‘one’ in its function as a pronominal \REF{ex:key:165}, or any element functioning as a noun, such as the deverbal noun dú in \REF{ex:key:166}\textsc{:}
A: word: pípul	 gloss: people
B: word: di	 gloss: DEF
C: word: watá	 gloss: water
D: word: directo	 gloss: direct
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mék e bít yú, mék e dú yú di ___ e wánt, mék e hála, (...)
Gloss (with missing item): SBJV 3SG.SBJ beat 2SG.INDP SBJV 3SG.SBJ do 2SG.INDP DEF ___ 3SG.SBJ want SBJV 3SG.SBJ shout (...)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Let him beat you, let him do to you what he wants to, let him shout (...)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article di signals definiteness of a noun phrase. It is neutral as to number and can be used with count, mass, and proper nouns alike. Di may precede NPs headed by full nouns (cf. \ref{ex:key:169} below), the numeral wán ‘one’ in its function as a pronominal \REF{ex:key:165}, or any element functioning as a noun, such as the deverbal noun the morpheme ___ in \REF{ex:key:166}\textsc{:}
A: word: bueno	 gloss: well
B: word: dú	 gloss: do
C: word: dú=an	 gloss: do=3SG.OBJ
D: word: fámbul	 gloss: family
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Porque a bin pás na ___ fɔ́s.
Gloss (with missing item): because 1SG.SBJ PST pass LOC ___ first
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Because I passed through Cameroon first.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Proper nouns, such as the place name Camerún ‘Cameroon’ and personal names, do not usually co-occur with the article \REF{ex:key:167}, but may appear with it if required \REF{ex:key:168}:
A: word: área	 gloss: area
B: word: seis	 gloss: six
C: word: cameruneses	 gloss: Cameroonians
D: word: camerún	 gloss: PLACE
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na ___ sén Jorge wé a sabí nɔ́?
Gloss (with missing item): FOC ___ same NAME SUB 1SG.SBJ know INTJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It is the same Jorge that I know, right?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Proper nouns, such as the place name Camerún ‘Cameroon’ and personal names, do not usually co-occur with the article \REF{ex:key:167}, but may appear with it if required \REF{ex:key:168}:
A: word: di	 gloss: DEF
B: word: guineano	 gloss: Guinean
C: word: directo	 gloss: direct
D: word: wán	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na di ___ Jorge wé a sabí nɔ́?
Gloss (with missing item): FOC DEF ___ NAME SUB 1SG.SBJ know INTJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It is the same Jorge that I know, right?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Proper nouns, such as the place name Camerún ‘Cameroon’ and personal names, do not usually co-occur with the article \REF{ex:key:167}, but may appear with it if required \REF{ex:key:168}:
A: word: sút=an	 gloss: shoot=3SG.OBJ
B: word: sénwe	 gloss: EMP
C: word: sén	 gloss: same
D: word: leche	 gloss: milk
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Na di sén ___ wé a sabí nɔ́?
Gloss (with missing item): FOC DEF same ___ SUB 1SG.SBJ know INTJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘It is the same Jorge that I know, right?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Proper nouns, such as the place name Camerún ‘Cameroon’ and personal names, do not usually co-occur with the article \REF{ex:key:167}, but may appear with it if required \REF{ex:key:168}:
A: word: dɛn-tú	 gloss: 3PL.INDP.CPD-two
B: word: wán	 gloss: one
C: word: porque	 gloss: because
D: word: jorge	 gloss: NAME
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu ték ___ maíz yu hól=an.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG take ___ maize 2SG hold=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You take the maize and hold it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article the morpheme ___ is employed in contexts in which a noun is specific, identifiable, and familiar to the morpheme ___scourse participants either through its presence in the immethe morpheme ___ate physical surrounthe morpheme ___ng (e.g. maíz ‘maize’) \REF{ex:key:169}, or through situational inference (e.g. mɔ́nin mɔ́nin tɛ́n ‘early in the morning’) \REF{ex:key:170}:
A: word: di	 gloss: DEF
B: word: directo	 gloss: direct
C: word: dásɔl	 gloss: only
D: word: wet	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yu ték di ___ yu hól=an.
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG take DEF ___ 2SG hold=3SG.OBJ
The English translation of this sentence is:‘You take the maize and hold it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article di is employed in contexts in which a noun is specific, identifiable, and familiar to discourse participants either through its presence in the immediate physical surrounding (e.g. the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’) \REF{ex:key:169}, or through situational inference (e.g. mɔ́nin mɔ́nin tɛ́n ‘early in the morning’) \REF{ex:key:170}:
A: word: wétin	 gloss: what
B: word: tomates	 gloss: tomatoes
C: word: maíz	 gloss: maize
D: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{A}fta a de mít=an nía di klós dɛn ___ mɔ́nin mɔ́nin tɛ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): then 1SG.SBJ IPFV meet=3SG.OBJ near DEF clothing PL ___ morning REP time
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Then I met her near the clothes early in the morning.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article the morpheme ___ is employed in contexts in which a noun is specific, identifiable, and familiar to the morpheme ___scourse participants either through its presence in the immethe morpheme ___ate physical surrounthe morpheme ___ng (e.g. maíz ‘maize’) \REF{ex:key:169}, or through situational inference (e.g. mɔ́nin mɔ́nin tɛ́n ‘early in the morning’) \REF{ex:key:170}:
A: word: directo	 gloss: direct
B: word: di	 gloss: DEF
C: word: trɔ́n	 gloss: be.strong
D: word: tyúsde	 gloss: tuesday
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{A}fta a de mít=an nía di klós dɛn di ___ mɔ́nin tɛ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): then 1SG.SBJ IPFV meet=3SG.OBJ near DEF clothing PL DEF ___ REP time
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Then I met her near the clothes early in the morning.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article di is employed in contexts in which a noun is specific, identifiable, and familiar to discourse participants either through its presence in the immediate physical surrounding (e.g. maíz ‘maize’) \REF{ex:key:169}, or through situational inference (e.g. the morpheme ___ the morpheme ___ tɛ́n ‘early in the its gloss ___’) \REF{ex:key:170}:
A: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: tidé	 gloss: today
C: word: mɔ́nin	 gloss: morning
D: word: mɔ́nin’	 gloss: morning
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): \'{A}fta a de mít=an nía di klós dɛn di mɔ́nin ___ tɛ́n.
Gloss (with missing item): then 1SG.SBJ IPFV meet=3SG.OBJ near DEF clothing PL DEF morning ___ time
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Then I met her near the clothes early in the morning.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The definite article di is employed in contexts in which a noun is specific, identifiable, and familiar to discourse participants either through its presence in the immediate physical surrounding (e.g. maíz ‘maize’) \REF{ex:key:169}, or through situational inference (e.g. the morpheme ___ the morpheme ___ tɛ́n ‘early in the morning’) \REF{ex:key:170}:
A: word: diplomático	 gloss: diplomatic
B: word: mɔ́nin’	 gloss: morning
C: word: mɔ́nin	 gloss: REP
D: word: dán	 gloss: that
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn kin fíɛ ___ mán dán káyn stáyl.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL HAB fear ___ man that kind style
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They (usually) fear their husbands and the like.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The anaphoric use of the article can be seen in the following examples. The referent mán ‘man’ is introduced in \REF{ex:key:172a} by the speaker abbreviated as (hi) (cf. \tabref{tab:1:1.1} in \sectref{sec:1.7}) and taken up as a definite NP by speaker (bo) in (b). Note the presence of the Nigerian Pidgin form haws ‘house’ instead of Pichi hós in (b):\is{anaphora}
A: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: dɛn-ɔ́l	 gloss: 3PL.CPD-all
C: word: dɛn	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: glás	 gloss: glass
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Dɛn kin fíɛ dɛn ___ dán káyn stáyl.
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL HAB fear 3PL ___ that kind style
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They (usually) fear their husbands and the like.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The anaphoric use of the article can be seen in the following examples. The referent the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ is introduced in \REF{ex:key:172a} by the speaker abbreviated as (hi) (cf. \tabref{tab:1:1.1} in \sectref{sec:1.7}) and taken up as a definite NP by speaker (bo) in (b). Note the presence of the Nigerian Pidgin form haws ‘house’ instead of Pichi hós in (b):\is{anaphora}
A: word: papá	 gloss: father
B: word: una	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: kɔntri-mán	 gloss: country.CPD-man
D: word: mán	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A gɛ́t ___ bíg sísta wé na mulata.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ get ___ big sister SUB FOC African-European.F
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have a/one big sister who is African-European.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Singular count nouns are marked for indefiniteness with the cardinal numeral\is{cardinal numerals} the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ \REF{ex:key:174}, or with the quantifier sɔn ‘some, a’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:175} below). The numeral the morpheme ___ is not a fully grammaticalised indefinite article. In many contexts, the morpheme ___ retains its lexical meaning of ‘its gloss ___’. Wán also has pronominal functions and can itself be preceded by the demonstratives dí and dán and the definite article di (e.g. \ref{ex:key:165}).
A: word: wáns	 gloss: once
B: word: mán	 gloss: man
C: word: wánt	 gloss: want
D: word: wán	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Pichi. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): A gɛ́t wán ___ sísta wé na mulata.
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.SBJ get one ___ sister SUB FOC African-European.F
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have a/one big sister who is African-European.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Singular count nouns are marked for indefiniteness with the cardinal numeral\is{cardinal numerals} wán ‘one’ \REF{ex:key:174}, or with the quantifier sɔn ‘some, a’ (cf. \ref{ex:key:175} below). The numeral wán is not a fully grammaticalised indefinite article. In many contexts, wán retains its lexical meaning of ‘one’. Wán also has pronominal functions and can itself be preceded by the demonstratives dí and dán and the definite article di (e.g. \ref{ex:key:165}).
A: word: leche	 gloss: milk
B: word: évi	 gloss: be.heavy
C: word: bíl	 gloss: build
D: word: bíg	 gloss: big
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D