cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa tida taw ___ jam tiga itu de su meninggal
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG know ___ hour three D.DIST 3SG already die
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I didn’t know that by three o’clock she had already died’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two structural patterns are attested for complementation with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’. Usually, the \isi{verb} is followed by the clausal complement with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ (61 tokens), as in (\ref{Example_14.56}) and (\ref{Example_14.57}). Alternatively, although much less often, the \isi{verb} is followed by an object which is followed by the clausal complement (8 tokens), as in (\ref{Example_14.58}).\footnote{Typically, speakers report speech in the form of \isi{direct speech} rather than in\isi{direct speech} as in (\ref{Example_14.58}) (see also §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1}).}
A: word: bahwa	 gloss: that
B: word: bahasa	 gloss: language
C: word: minum	 gloss: drink
D: word: supaya	 gloss: so.that
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kitong mo hancurkang ___ yang ada di Sarmi itu
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL want shatter ___ REL exist at Sarmi D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘we want to destroy the statue that is in Sarmi there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relativizer \textitbf{yang} ‘\textsc{rel}’ introduces relative clauses which function as modifiers within \isi{noun} phrases (see also §\ref{Para_8.2.8}). Typically, the relative clause follows its head nominal, as in (\ref{Example_14.59}) and (\ref{Example_14.61a}). However, \textitbf{yang} ‘\textsc{rel}’ can also introduce a headless relative clause. Cross-linguistically, headless relative clauses can be used “when the head \isi{noun} is non-specific” or when “the specific reference to the head is clear” \citep[295]{Payne.1997}. This also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_14.60}), for instance, the head nominal is non-specific, while in (\ref{Example_14.61b}) the reference to the head is clear (“Ø” signifies the implied head nominal).
A: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
B: word: tugas	 gloss: duty
C: word: tugu	 gloss: monument
D: word: sembayang	 gloss: worship
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kitong mo hancurkang tugu ___ ada di Sarmi itu
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL want shatter monument ___ exist at Sarmi D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘we want to destroy the statue that is in Sarmi there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relativizer \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ introduces relative clauses which function as modifiers within \isi{noun} phrases (see also §\ref{Para_8.2.8}). Typically, the relative clause follows its head nominal, as in (\ref{Example_14.59}) and (\ref{Example_14.61a}). However, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ can also introduce a headless relative clause. Cross-linguistically, headless relative clauses can be used “when the head \isi{noun} is non-specific” or when “the specific reference to the head is clear” \citep[295]{Payne.1997}. This also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_14.60}), for instance, the head nominal is non-specific, while in (\ref{Example_14.61b}) the reference to the head is clear (“Ø” signifies the implied head nominal).
A: word: sayang	 gloss: love
B: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
C: word: yang	 gloss: REL
D: word: dang	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Speaker-1: ___ itu yang mana?
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ D.DIST REL where
The English translation of this sentence is:Speaker-1: ‘which one is that Nelci?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relativizer \textitbf{yang} ‘\textsc{rel}’ introduces relative clauses which function as modifiers within \isi{noun} phrases (see also §\ref{Para_8.2.8}). Typically, the relative clause follows its head nominal, as in (\ref{Example_14.59}) and (\ref{Example_14.61a}). However, \textitbf{yang} ‘\textsc{rel}’ can also introduce a headless relative clause. Cross-linguistically, headless relative clauses can be used “when the head \isi{noun} is non-specific” or when “the specific reference to the head is clear” \citep[295]{Payne.1997}. This also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_14.60}), for instance, the head nominal is non-specific, while in (\ref{Example_14.61b}) the reference to the head is clear (“Ø” signifies the implied head nominal).
A: word: nelci	 gloss: Nelci
B: word: natanael	 gloss: Natanael
C: word: tida	 gloss: NEG
D: word: fitri	 gloss: Fitri
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Speaker-1: Nelci ___ yang mana?
Gloss (with missing item): ... Nelci ___ REL where
The English translation of this sentence is:Speaker-1: ‘which one is that Nelci?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relativizer \textitbf{yang} ‘\textsc{rel}’ introduces relative clauses which function as modifiers within \isi{noun} phrases (see also §\ref{Para_8.2.8}). Typically, the relative clause follows its head nominal, as in (\ref{Example_14.59}) and (\ref{Example_14.61a}). However, \textitbf{yang} ‘\textsc{rel}’ can also introduce a headless relative clause. Cross-linguistically, headless relative clauses can be used “when the head \isi{noun} is non-specific” or when “the specific reference to the head is clear” \citep[295]{Payne.1997}. This also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_14.60}), for instance, the head nominal is non-specific, while in (\ref{Example_14.61b}) the reference to the head is clear (“Ø” signifies the implied head nominal).
A: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
B: word: dengang	 gloss: with
C: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
D: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Speaker-1: Nelci itu ___ mana?
Gloss (with missing item): ... Nelci D.DIST ___ where
The English translation of this sentence is:Speaker-1: ‘which one is that Nelci?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relativizer \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ introduces relative clauses which function as modifiers within \isi{noun} phrases (see also §\ref{Para_8.2.8}). Typically, the relative clause follows its head nominal, as in (\ref{Example_14.59}) and (\ref{Example_14.61a}). However, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ can also introduce a headless relative clause. Cross-linguistically, headless relative clauses can be used “when the head \isi{noun} is non-specific” or when “the specific reference to the head is clear” \citep[295]{Payne.1997}. This also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_14.60}), for instance, the head nominal is non-specific, while in (\ref{Example_14.61b}) the reference to the head is clear (“Ø” signifies the implied head nominal).
A: word: yang	 gloss: REL
B: word: sayang	 gloss: love
C: word: gara-gara	 gloss: because
D: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tong tra ke kampung, tra ada Ø ___ jalang ke kampung
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL NEG to village NEG exist ... ___ walk to village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘we don’t (go) to the village, there is (nobody) who goes to the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relativizer \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ introduces relative clauses which function as modifiers within \isi{noun} phrases (see also §\ref{Para_8.2.8}). Typically, the relative clause follows its head nominal, as in (\ref{Example_14.59}) and (\ref{Example_14.61a}). However, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ can also introduce a headless relative clause. Cross-linguistically, headless relative clauses can be used “when the head \isi{noun} is non-specific” or when “the specific reference to the head is clear” \citep[295]{Payne.1997}. This also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_14.60}), for instance, the head nominal is non-specific, while in (\ref{Example_14.61b}) the reference to the head is clear (“Ø” signifies the implied head nominal).
A: word: yang	 gloss: REL
B: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
C: word: sayang	 gloss: love
D: word: dang	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Speaker-2: Ø ___ kecil\Tildekecil ... Ø yang rajing\Tilderajing
Gloss (with missing item): ... ... ___ RDP\Tildebe.small ... ... REL RDP\Tildebe.diligent
The English translation of this sentence is:Speaker-2: ‘(the one) who’s kind of small ... (the one) who’s very diligent’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relativizer \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ introduces relative clauses which function as modifiers within \isi{noun} phrases (see also §\ref{Para_8.2.8}). Typically, the relative clause follows its head nominal, as in (\ref{Example_14.59}) and (\ref{Example_14.61a}). However, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ can also introduce a headless relative clause. Cross-linguistically, headless relative clauses can be used “when the head \isi{noun} is non-specific” or when “the specific reference to the head is clear” \citep[295]{Payne.1997}. This also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_14.60}), for instance, the head nominal is non-specific, while in (\ref{Example_14.61b}) the reference to the head is clear (“Ø” signifies the implied head nominal).
A: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
B: word: yang	 gloss: REL
C: word: duduk	 gloss: sit
D: word: sayang	 gloss: love
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Speaker-2: Ø yang kecil\Tildekecil ... Ø ___ rajing\Tilderajing
Gloss (with missing item): ... ... REL RDP\Tildebe.small ... ... ___ RDP\Tildebe.diligent
The English translation of this sentence is:Speaker-2: ‘(the one) who’s kind of small ... (the one) who’s very diligent’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Relativizer \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ introduces relative clauses which function as modifiers within \isi{noun} phrases (see also §\ref{Para_8.2.8}). Typically, the relative clause follows its head nominal, as in (\ref{Example_14.59}) and (\ref{Example_14.61a}). However, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{rel}’ can also introduce a headless relative clause. Cross-linguistically, headless relative clauses can be used “when the head \isi{noun} is non-specific” or when “the specific reference to the head is clear” \citep[295]{Payne.1997}. This also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_14.60}), for instance, the head nominal is non-specific, while in (\ref{Example_14.61b}) the reference to the head is clear (“Ø” signifies the implied head nominal).
A: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
B: word: sperti	 gloss: like
C: word: sayang	 gloss: love
D: word: yang	 gloss: REL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yang de bapa kasi Ø ijing mo ikut ke kampung
Gloss (with missing item): ___ REL 3SG father give ... permission want follow to village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it was) Fitri whom her husband gave permission to go with (us) to the village’ (Lit. ‘her (daughter’s) father ...’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When core arguments are relativized, a gap is left. This gap, signified with ``Ø'', occurs where the relativized \isi{noun} phrase would be situated if it were expressed overtly. Relativization of the subject argument is illustrated in (\ref{Example_14.62}), and of the direct object argument of a \isi{bivalent} \isi{verb}, namely \textitbf{biking} ‘make’, in (\ref{Example_14.63}). The examples in (\ref{Example_14.64}) and (\ref{Example_14.65}) illustrate the relativization of the direct object positions in \isi{double-object} constructions; in both examples the \isi{trivalent} \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’. In (\ref{Example_14.64}), the R argument \textitbf{papeda} ‘sagu porridge’ is relativized. In (\ref{Example_14.65}), the T argument \textitbf{Efana ini} ‘this Efana’ is relativized. (Verbal clauses with \isi{bivalent} and \isi{trivalent} verbs are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.2} and §\ref{Para_11.1.3}, respectively.)
A: word: fitri	 gloss: Fitri
B: word: sandar	 gloss: lean
C: word: untuk	 gloss: for
D: word: nofita	 gloss: Nofita
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Fitri ___ de bapa kasi Ø ijing mo ikut ke kampung
Gloss (with missing item): Fitri ___ 3SG father give ... permission want follow to village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it was) Fitri whom her husband gave permission to go with (us) to the village’ (Lit. ‘her (daughter’s) father ...’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When core arguments are relativized, a gap is left. This gap, signified with ``Ø'', occurs where the relativized \isi{noun} phrase would be situated if it were expressed overtly. Relativization of the subject argument is illustrated in (\ref{Example_14.62}), and of the direct object argument of a \isi{bivalent} \isi{verb}, namely \textitbf{biking} ‘make’, in (\ref{Example_14.63}). The examples in (\ref{Example_14.64}) and (\ref{Example_14.65}) illustrate the relativization of the direct object positions in \isi{double-object} constructions; in both examples the \isi{trivalent} \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’. In (\ref{Example_14.64}), the R argument \textitbf{papeda} ‘sagu porridge’ is relativized. In (\ref{Example_14.65}), the T argument \textitbf{Efana ini} ‘this Efana’ is relativized. (Verbal clauses with \isi{bivalent} and \isi{trivalent} verbs are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.2} and §\ref{Para_11.1.3}, respectively.)
A: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
B: word: yang	 gloss: REL
C: word: dengang	 gloss: with
D: word: sayang	 gloss: love
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yang de bapa kasi Ø ijing mo ikut ke kampung
Gloss (with missing item): ___ REL 3SG father give ... permission want follow to village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it was) Fitri whom her husband gave permission to go with (us) to the village’ (Lit. ‘her (daughter’s) father ...’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When core arguments are relativized, a gap is left. This gap, signified with ``Ø'', occurs where the relativized \isi{noun} phrase would be situated if it were expressed overtly. Relativization of the subject argument is illustrated in (\ref{Example_14.62}), and of the direct object argument of a \isi{bivalent} \isi{verb}, namely \textitbf{biking} ‘make’, in (\ref{Example_14.63}). The examples in (\ref{Example_14.64}) and (\ref{Example_14.65}) illustrate the relativization of the direct object positions in \isi{double-object} constructions; in both examples the \isi{trivalent} \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’. In (\ref{Example_14.64}), the R argument \textitbf{papeda} ‘sagu porridge’ is relativized. In (\ref{Example_14.65}), the T argument \textitbf{Efana ini} ‘this Efana’ is relativized. (Verbal clauses with \isi{bivalent} and \isi{trivalent} verbs are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.2} and §\ref{Para_11.1.3}, respectively.)
A: word: sandar	 gloss: lean
B: word: karna	 gloss: because
C: word: nofita	 gloss: Nofita
D: word: fitri	 gloss: Fitri
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Fitri ___ de bapa kasi Ø ijing mo ikut ke kampung
Gloss (with missing item): Fitri ___ 3SG father give ... permission want follow to village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it was) Fitri whom her husband gave permission to go with (us) to the village’ (Lit. ‘her (daughter’s) father ...’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When core arguments are relativized, a gap is left. This gap, signified with ``Ø'', occurs where the relativized \isi{noun} phrase would be situated if it were expressed overtly. Relativization of the subject argument is illustrated in (\ref{Example_14.62}), and of the direct object argument of a \isi{bivalent} \isi{verb}, namely \textitbf{biking} ‘make’, in (\ref{Example_14.63}). The examples in (\ref{Example_14.64}) and (\ref{Example_14.65}) illustrate the relativization of the direct object positions in \isi{double-object} constructions; in both examples the \isi{trivalent} \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’. In (\ref{Example_14.64}), the R argument \textitbf{papeda} ‘sagu porridge’ is relativized. In (\ref{Example_14.65}), the T argument \textitbf{Efana ini} ‘this Efana’ is relativized. (Verbal clauses with \isi{bivalent} and \isi{trivalent} verbs are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.2} and §\ref{Para_11.1.3}, respectively.)
A: word: yang	 gloss: REL
B: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
C: word: taw	 gloss: know
D: word: sayang	 gloss: love
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kepala desa mantang Arbais ada ___ ceritra minum
Gloss (with missing item): head village former Arbais exist ___ tell drink
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the former mayor of Arbais was sitting (there and) talking (and) drinking’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent Juxtapoits gloss ___ion of prepoits gloss ___ional phrases, verbs, or clauses is illustrated in (\ref{Example_14.71}) to (\ref{Example_14.73}). Three prepoits gloss ___ional phrases introduced with elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ are juxtaposed in (\ref{Example_14.71}), three verbs in (\ref{Example_14.72}), and four clauses in (\ref{Example_14.73}) (for easier recognition the first constituent of each of the linked clauses is bolded).
A: word: istirahat	 gloss: rest
B: word: duduk	 gloss: sit
C: word: duduk~duduk	 gloss: RDP~sit
D: word: yang	 gloss: REL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B