cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dong tendang de pu kaki tu, dia pegang bola
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL kick 3SG POSS foot D.DIST 3SG hold ball
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a football match:] ‘when they kicked those legs of his, he grabbed the ball’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When marking posteriority, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} translates with ‘its gloss ___’; it signals that the event or state of the unmarked main clause occurs subsequent to that of the temporal clause, as in (\ref{Example_14.31}). When the \isi{conjunction} co-occurs with the retrospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{suda} ‘already’, or with its short form \textitbf{su}, it projects these events or states to the future; in this case \textitbf{the morpheme ___} translates with ‘once’. That is, in combination with \textitbf{suda} ‘already’, the \isi{conjunction} signals that the event or state of the unmarked clause will eventuate, once that of the temporal clause has come about, as in (\ref{Example_14.32}).
A: word: kalo	 gloss: when
B: word: kali	 gloss: river
C: word: seblum	 gloss: before
D: word: fitri	 gloss: Fitri
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko alpa, kitong tra jalang
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG be.absent 1PL NEG walk
The English translation of this sentence is:[Talking to her son about an upcoming trip:] ‘if you play hooky, we won’t go’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a dits gloss ___ferent context, the \isi{conjunction} receives a \isi{conditional} reading and signals, what \citet[6]{Kaufmann.2006} calls, ``indicative \isi{conditional}'' relations or ``counterfactual \isi{conditional}'' relations. In such a context \textitbf{the morpheme ___} translates with ‘its gloss ___’. An indicative \isi{conditional} relation indicates that it is possible for the \isi{condition} presented in its clause to be met. In this case the event or state of the unmarked clause will also come about, as shown in (\ref{Example_14.33}). When \isi{conditional} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ co-occurs with retrospective \textitbf{suda} ‘already’, the clause receives a counterfactual \isi{conditional} reading. That is, it signals that the \isi{condition} was not met in the past. If the \isi{condition} had been met, however, then the event or state of the unmarked clause would also have come about. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_14.34}).
A: word: mungking	 gloss: maybe
B: word: tugu	 gloss: monument
C: word: kali	 gloss: river
D: word: kalo	 gloss: if
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ bapa datang, pluk bapa
Gloss (with missing item): ___ father come embrace father
The English translation of this sentence is:‘when/if you (‘father’) come (here), (I’ll) embrace you (‘father’)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \noindent Rather commonly, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘when, if’ allows both a temporal and a \isi{conditional} reading, as in (\ref{Example_14.35}).
A: word: kejar	 gloss: chase
B: word: kalo	 gloss: when/if
C: word: kali	 gloss: river
D: word: tapi	 gloss: but
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Musa ini, e, de {loyo\Tildeloyo} ini, de bangung tidor ___
Gloss (with missing item): Musa D.PROX uh 3SG RDP\Tildebe.weak this 3SG wake.up sleep ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a small boy:] ‘Musa here, uh, right now he’s kind of weak since he woke up from sleeping’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{resultative}/\isi{causal} \isi{conjunction} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___, since’ most often marks a \isi{resultative} relation between two clauses, as shown in (\ref{Example_14.36}). In addition, although less often, the \isi{conjunction} signals a \isi{causal} relation, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_14.37}). The \isi{conjunction} has dual \isi{word class membership}; it is alits gloss ___ used as the \isi{bivalent} \isi{verb} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘become’ (see §\ref{Para_5.14}).
A: word: jadi	 gloss: so
B: word: terjadi	 gloss: happen
C: word: supaya	 gloss: so.that
D: word: habis	 gloss: be.used.up
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Musa ini, e, de {loyo\Tildeloyo} ini, de bangung tidor ___
Gloss (with missing item): Musa D.PROX uh 3SG RDP\Tildebe.weak this 3SG wake.up sleep ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a small boy:] ‘Musa here, uh, right now he’s kind of weak since he woke up from sleeping’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Alternatively, but less often, the \isi{conjunction} occurs in clause-final position of a cause clause where it marks a \isi{causal} relation with the preceding unmarked clause, as in (\ref{Example_14.37}). In this position, the \isi{conjunction} signals that its gloss ___mething depicted in its clause is the cause for the event or state of the unmarked clause, and that the result depicted in the unmarked clause is anticipated. Hence, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} translates with ‘since’. In that the result is expected, \isi{causal} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘since’ differs from neutral causality-marking \textitbf{karna} ‘because’ (see §\ref{Para_14.2.4.4}).
A: word: supaya	 gloss: so.that
B: word: jadi	 gloss: so
C: word: terjadi	 gloss: happen
D: word: deng	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e, angkat muka, ___ Ø liat orang!
Gloss (with missing item): hey! lift front ___ ... see person
The English translation of this sentence is:‘hey, lift (your) face so that (you) see (the other) people!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purposive \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘so that’ introduces a purpose clause which follows the unmarked clause. The \isi{conjunction} signals that the event or state of its clause is the intended outcome of the deliberate activity depicted in the unmarked clause. Most often, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘so that’ introduces a purpose clause with an overt subject (96/129 tokens – 74%), as in (\ref{Example_14.38}). Less often, the \isi{conjunction} introduces a purpose clause with elided subject (33/129 tokens – 26%), as in (\ref{Example_14.39}).
A: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
B: word: bahwa	 gloss: that
C: word: supaya	 gloss: so.that
D: word: baru	 gloss: and.then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida bole, ini, kamu datang, ___ kamu skola
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG may D.PROX 2PL come ___ 2PL go.to.school
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[you shouldn’t hate each other, (you) shouldn’t infuriate each other,] (you) shouldn’t (do all this), what’s-its-name, you came (here) to go to school’ (Lit. ‘for you (to) go to school’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a \isi{conjunction}, the benefactive \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals a purpose relation between two clauses (its gloss ___ a description of \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, see §\ref{Para_10.2.3}). Purposive \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, like \textitbf{supaya} ‘so that’ (see §\ref{Para_14.2.4.2}), introduces a purpose clause which expresses the intended outcome of the purposeful activity depicted in the preceding unmarked clause, as shown in (\ref{Example_14.40}) and (\ref{Example_14.41}). Usually, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ introduces a purpose clause with an elided subject (115/163 tokens – 71%), as shown with the second \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ token in (\ref{Example_14.40}). Much less often the \isi{conjunction} introduces a purpose clause with an overt subject (48/163tokens – 29%), as shown with the first \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ token in (\ref{Example_14.40}), or as in (\ref{Example_14.41}).
A: word: misalnya	 gloss: for.example
B: word: guntur	 gloss: thunder
C: word: yang	 gloss: REL
D: word: untuk	 gloss: for
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida bole, ini, kamu datang, ___ kamu skola
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG may D.PROX 2PL come ___ 2PL go.to.school
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[you shouldn’t hate each other, (you) shouldn’t infuriate each other,] (you) shouldn’t (do all this), what’s-its-name, you came (here) to go to school’ (Lit. ‘for you (to) go to school’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a \isi{conjunction}, the benefactive \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals a purpose relation between two clauses (its gloss ___ a description of \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, see §\ref{Para_10.2.3}). Purposive \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, like \textitbf{supaya} ‘so that’ (see §\ref{Para_14.2.4.2}), introduces a purpose clause which expresses the intended outcome of the purposeful activity depicted in the preceding unmarked clause, as shown in (\ref{Example_14.40}) and (\ref{Example_14.41}). Usually, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ introduces a purpose clause with an elided subject (115/163 tokens – 71%), as shown with the second \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ token in (\ref{Example_14.40}). Much less often the \isi{conjunction} introduces a purpose clause with an overt subject (48/163tokens – 29%), as shown with the first \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ token in (\ref{Example_14.40}), or as in (\ref{Example_14.41}).
A: word: misalnya	 gloss: for.example
B: word: nelci	 gloss: Nelci
C: word: guntur	 gloss: thunder
D: word: untuk	 gloss: for
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): saya bisa pulang, ___ sa su dapat babi
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG be.able go.home ___ 1SG already get pig
The English translation of this sentence is:[Hunting a wild pig:] ‘I can return home because I already got the pig’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causal \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals a neutral \isi{causal} relation between two clauses by introducing a cause clause which gives the reason for the event or state depicted in the unmarked clause. Usually the cause clause follows the unmarked clause, as in (\ref{Example_14.42}). In combination with \isi{adversative} \textitbf{tapi} ‘but’ (see §\ref{Para_14.2.5.1}), however, it can precede the unmarked clause, as in (\ref{Example_14.43}). In this case the unmarked clause is often introduced with \isi{resultative} \textitbf{jadi} ‘so’. Signaling neutral causality, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is distinct from \isi{causal} \textitbf{jadi} ‘since’ which marks expected results (see §\ref{Para_14.2.4.1}), and from \isi{causal} \textitbf{gara-gara} ‘its gloss ___’ which marks emotive \isi{causal} relations (see §\ref{Para_14.2.4.5}).
A: word: knapa	 gloss: why
B: word: perna	 gloss: ever
C: word: fitri	 gloss: Fitri
D: word: karna	 gloss: because
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sap prut sakit, ___ sa makang nasi
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG:POSS stomach be.sick ___ 1SG eat cooked.rice
The English translation of this sentence is:‘my stomach was sick because I ate rice’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most often, the cause clause marked with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ follows the unmarked clause, as in (\ref{Example_14.44}). Alternatively, the cause clause can precede the unmarked clause. In this case, \isi{adversative} \textitbf{tapi} ‘but’ (see §\ref{Para_14.2.5.1}) precedes \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, as in (\ref{Example_14.45}), in the same way as \textitbf{tapi} ‘but’ precedes \textitbf{karna} ‘its gloss ___’ (see §\ref{Para_14.2.4.4}).
A: word: gara-gara	 gloss: because
B: word: biar	 gloss: let
C: word: knapa	 gloss: why
D: word: gara~gara	 gloss: RDP~irritate
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de bisa maing gitar, ___ de malu
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG be.able play guitar ___ 3SG feel.embarrassed(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she can play the guitar but she feels shy (about it)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adversative \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ occurs in interclausal position. It marks an \isi{adversative} contrast relation between the clause it introduces and the preceding unmarked clause, as shown in (\ref{Example_14.46}) and (\ref{Example_14.47}).
A: word: tapi	 gloss: but
B: word: minum	 gloss: drink
C: word: padahal	 gloss: but.actually
D: word: rapi	 gloss: be.neat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bilang bapa, kirim tong uang, ___ sa susa to?
Gloss (with missing item): say father send 1PL money ___ 1SG difficult right?
The English translation of this sentence is:‘say (to) father, ``send us money, after all, I have difficulties, right?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Introducing a contrast clause that follows the unmarked clause, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘after all’ summarizes what has been said before and signals that the propositional content of its clause is true in spite of the content of the preceding unmarked clause, as shown in (\ref{Example_14.48}) and (\ref{Example_14.49}). At the same time, the \isi{conjunction} signals that the interlocutor is expected to know that this content is true. Thereby \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘after all’ is distinct from \isi{adversative} \textitbf{tapi} ‘but’ (see §\ref{Para_14.2.5.2}). Adversative \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘after all’ is also distinct from counter-expectational \textitbf{baru} ‘after all’ which merely summarizes what has been said before (see §\ref{Para_14.2.3.2}). The exchange in (\ref{Example_14.49}) illustrates that there does not need to be an overt unmarked clause which precedes the contrast clause: speakers also use \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘after all’ to reply to an interlocutor’s statements.
A: word: nelci	 gloss: Nelci
B: word: habis	 gloss: after.all
C: word: bisa	 gloss: be.able
D: word: biri	 gloss: Biri
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yo, ___ makangang tinggi, de ambil
Gloss (with missing item): yes ___ food be.high 3SG fetch
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a greedy child:] ‘yes, although the food is (placed) high (up on a shelf), he takes (it)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Introducing a concession clause, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals that despite the event or state depicted in its clause, the event or state depicted in the unmarked clause occurred. Usually, the concession clause precedes the unmarked clause, whereby the concession is emphasized, as in (\ref{Example_14.52}). Alternatively, its gloss ___ less often, it can follow the unmarked clause, in which case the content of the latter clause is emphasized, as in (\ref{Example_14.53}).
A: word: sperti	 gloss: like
B: word: piara	 gloss: raise
C: word: srej	 gloss: lemongrass
D: word: biar	 gloss: although
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mama dia lupa kamu, ___ kacang lupa kulit
Gloss (with missing item): mother 3SG forget 2PL ___ bean forget skin
The English translation of this sentence is:‘mother forgot you (in a way that is) similar to a bean forgetting its skin’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Derived from their prepositional semantics, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘similar to’ signals likeness in some, often implied, respect, while \textitbf{kaya} ‘like’ marks overall resemblance, as shown in (\ref{Example_14.54}) and (\ref{Example_14.55}), respectively. (See §\ref{Para_10.3.1} and §\ref{Para_10.3.2} for a detailed discussion of the prepositions \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘similar to’ and \textitbf{kaya} ‘like’ and their semantics.)
A: word: sperti–nya	 gloss: similar.to–3POSSR
B: word: sperti	 gloss: similar.to
C: word: karna	 gloss: because
D: word: lepas~lepas	 gloss: RDP~free
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa tida ___ bahwa jam tiga itu de su meninggal
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG ___ that hour three D.DIST 3SG already die
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I didn’t know that by three o’clock she had already died’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Two structural patterns are attested for complementation with \textitbf{bahwa} ‘that’. Usually, the \isi{verb} is followed by the clausal complement with \textitbf{bahwa} ‘that’ (61 tokens), as in (\ref{Example_14.56}) and (\ref{Example_14.57}). Alternatively, although much less often, the \isi{verb} is followed by an object which is followed by the clausal complement (8 tokens), as in (\ref{Example_14.58}).\footnote{Typically, speakers report speech in the form of \isi{direct speech} rather than in\isi{direct speech} as in (\ref{Example_14.58}) (see also §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1}).}
A: word: supaya	 gloss: so.that
B: word: taw	 gloss: know
C: word: kang	 gloss: you.know
D: word: taw~taw	 gloss: RDP~know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B