cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... apa biologi ___ apa astronomi dengang bahasa Inggris
Gloss (with missing item): ... what biology ___ what astronomy with language England
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a school competition] ‘[later they’ll participate in the Olympiad contest in,] what-is-it, biology and, what-is-it, astronomy and English’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{comitative} \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, its gloss ___ its short form \textitbf{deng}, typically conjoins \isi{noun} phrases (654 tokens). The conjoined referents can be animate as in (\ref{Example_14.6}), or inanimate as in (\ref{Example_14.7}). The fact that Papuan Malay employs the same marker for “\isi{noun} phrase \isi{conjunction} and \isi{comitative} phrases” suggests that, in terms of \citegen[1]{Stassen.2013b} typology, Papuan Malay is a ``\textsc{its gloss ___}{}-language''. Occasionally, \textitbf{deng(ang)} ‘its gloss ___’ also links \isi{verb} phrases (16 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.8}). The linking of clauses its gloss ___ \isi{comitative} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the corpus. (Besides, \isi{comitative} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is also used to encode inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, as discussed in §\ref{Para_6.1.4}; for a detailed discussion of \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, see §\ref{Para_10.2.1}.)
A: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
B: word: dengang	 gloss: with
C: word: dang	 gloss: and
D: word: tugu	 gloss: monument
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... apa biologi dengang apa astronomi ___ bahasa Inggris
Gloss (with missing item): ... what biology with what astronomy ___ language England
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a school competition] ‘[later they’ll participate in the Olympiad contest in,] what-is-it, biology and, what-is-it, astronomy and English’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{comitative} \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, its gloss ___ its short form \textitbf{deng}, typically conjoins \isi{noun} phrases (654 tokens). The conjoined referents can be animate as in (\ref{Example_14.6}), or inanimate as in (\ref{Example_14.7}). The fact that Papuan Malay employs the same marker for “\isi{noun} phrase \isi{conjunction} and \isi{comitative} phrases” suggests that, in terms of \citegen[1]{Stassen.2013b} typology, Papuan Malay is a ``\textsc{its gloss ___}{}-language''. Occasionally, \textitbf{deng(ang)} ‘its gloss ___’ also links \isi{verb} phrases (16 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.8}). The linking of clauses its gloss ___ \isi{comitative} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the corpus. (Besides, \isi{comitative} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is also used to encode inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, as discussed in §\ref{Para_6.1.4}; for a detailed discussion of \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, see §\ref{Para_10.2.1}.)
A: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
B: word: dang	 gloss: and
C: word: dengang	 gloss: with
D: word: untuk	 gloss: for
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nene jam dua malam datang ___ menangis
Gloss (with missing item): grandmother hour two night come ___ cry
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at two o’clock in the morning grandmother came crying’ (Lit. ‘come with cry’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{comitative} \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___ang} ‘its gloss ___’, its gloss ___ its short form \textitbf{the morpheme ___}, typically conjoins \isi{noun} phrases (654 tokens). The conjoined referents can be animate as in (\ref{Example_14.6}), or inanimate as in (\ref{Example_14.7}). The fact that Papuan Malay employs the same marker for “\isi{noun} phrase \isi{conjunction} and \isi{comitative} phrases” suggests that, in terms of \citegen[1]{Stassen.2013b} typology, Papuan Malay is a ``\textsc{its gloss ___}{}-language''. Occasionally, \textitbf{the morpheme ___(ang)} ‘its gloss ___’ also links \isi{verb} phrases (16 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.8}). The linking of clauses its gloss ___ \isi{comitative} \textitbf{the morpheme ___ang} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the corpus. (Besides, \isi{comitative} \textitbf{the morpheme ___ang} ‘its gloss ___’ is also used to encode inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, as discussed in §\ref{Para_6.1.4}; for a detailed discussion of \isi{preposition} \textitbf{the morpheme ___ang} ‘its gloss ___’, see §\ref{Para_10.2.1}.)
A: word: deng	 gloss: with
B: word: dengang	 gloss: with
C: word: supaya	 gloss: so.that
D: word: dang	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de suda taw ruma ___ kampung
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG already know house ___ village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he already knew the house and the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{conjunction} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ typically links two clauses (168 tokens), as in (\ref{Example_14.9}). Less often, it links \isi{noun} phrases (24 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.10}) its gloss ___ (\ref{Example_14.11}), or \isi{verb} phrases (10 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.12}). Usually, the \isi{noun} phrases have human referents as in (\ref{Example_14.10}); coordination of inanimate referents, as in (\ref{Example_14.11}), is rare.
A: word: sampe	 gloss: reach
B: word: baru	 gloss: and.then
C: word: badang	 gloss: body
D: word: dang	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pagi helikopter turung ___ kembali ke Anggruk
Gloss (with missing item): morning helicopter descend ___ return to Anggruk
The English translation of this sentence is:‘in the morning the helicopter came down and returned to Anggruk’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{conjunction} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ typically links two clauses (168 tokens), as in (\ref{Example_14.9}). Less often, it links \isi{noun} phrases (24 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.10}) its gloss ___ (\ref{Example_14.11}), or \isi{verb} phrases (10 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.12}). Usually, the \isi{noun} phrases have human referents as in (\ref{Example_14.10}); coordination of inanimate referents, as in (\ref{Example_14.11}), is rare.
A: word: badang	 gloss: body
B: word: dang	 gloss: and
C: word: baru	 gloss: and.then
D: word: karna	 gloss: because
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de suda taw ruma ___ kampung
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG already know house ___ village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he already knew the house and the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The \isi{conjunction} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ typically links two clauses (168 tokens), as in (\ref{Example_14.9}). Less often, it links \isi{noun} phrases (24 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.10}) its gloss ___ (\ref{Example_14.11}), or \isi{verb} phrases (10 tokens) as in (\ref{Example_14.12}). Usually, the \isi{noun} phrases have human referents as in (\ref{Example_14.10}); coordination of inanimate referents, as in (\ref{Example_14.11}), is rare.
A: word: karna	 gloss: because
B: word: baru	 gloss: and.then
C: word: dang	 gloss: and
D: word: badang	 gloss: body
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... nanti banjir ___ hujang ka, guntur ka
Gloss (with missing item): ... very.soon flooding ___ rain or thunder or
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[it’s not allowed to kill the snake otherwise] later (there’ll be) flooding, or rain, or thunder (or something else)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Disjunctive \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals series its gloss ___ sequences of alternatives. Occurring at the right periphery of a constituent, it indicates that a list of alternatives is not exhaustive. That is, a few possible options are overtly mentioned, while others are implied. To make the notion of ``non-exhaustive list of alternatives'' explicit, the \isi{conjunction} marks an \isi{interrogative} as the final enumerated constituent. Typically, \isi{disjunctive} \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ links \isi{noun} phrases, as in (\ref{Example_14.18}) and (\ref{Example_14.19}). In (\ref{Example_14.18}), the notion of a ``non-exhaustive list'' is implied, while in (\ref{Example_14.19}) it is overtly marked with \textitbf{apa the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___ something else’ (literally ‘what its gloss ___’). Less often, \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ combines prepositional phrases as in (\ref{Example_14.20}), its gloss ___ clauses as in (\ref{Example_14.21}); the linking of verbs with \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the cits gloss ___pus. Another function of \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, not discussed here, is to mark \isi{interrogative} clauses (see §\ref{Para_13.2.3}).
A: word: terbuka	 gloss: be.opened
B: word: ka	 gloss: or
C: word: ceritra	 gloss: tell
D: word: dang	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... nanti banjir ka, hujang ___ guntur ka
Gloss (with missing item): ... very.soon flooding or rain ___ thunder or
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[it’s not allowed to kill the snake otherwise] later (there’ll be) flooding, or rain, or thunder (or something else)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Disjunctive \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals series its gloss ___ sequences of alternatives. Occurring at the right periphery of a constituent, it indicates that a list of alternatives is not exhaustive. That is, a few possible options are overtly mentioned, while others are implied. To make the notion of ``non-exhaustive list of alternatives'' explicit, the \isi{conjunction} marks an \isi{interrogative} as the final enumerated constituent. Typically, \isi{disjunctive} \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ links \isi{noun} phrases, as in (\ref{Example_14.18}) and (\ref{Example_14.19}). In (\ref{Example_14.18}), the notion of a ``non-exhaustive list'' is implied, while in (\ref{Example_14.19}) it is overtly marked with \textitbf{apa the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___ something else’ (literally ‘what its gloss ___’). Less often, \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ combines prepositional phrases as in (\ref{Example_14.20}), its gloss ___ clauses as in (\ref{Example_14.21}); the linking of verbs with \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the cits gloss ___pus. Another function of \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, not discussed here, is to mark \isi{interrogative} clauses (see §\ref{Para_13.2.3}).
A: word: ka	 gloss: or
B: word: dang	 gloss: and
C: word: terbuka	 gloss: be.opened
D: word: gara-gara	 gloss: because
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... nanti banjir ka, hujang ka, guntur ___
Gloss (with missing item): ... very.soon flooding or rain or thunder ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[it’s not allowed to kill the snake otherwise] later (there’ll be) flooding, or rain, or thunder (or something else)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Disjunctive \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals series its gloss ___ sequences of alternatives. Occurring at the right periphery of a constituent, it indicates that a list of alternatives is not exhaustive. That is, a few possible options are overtly mentioned, while others are implied. To make the notion of ``non-exhaustive list of alternatives'' explicit, the \isi{conjunction} marks an \isi{interrogative} as the final enumerated constituent. Typically, \isi{disjunctive} \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ links \isi{noun} phrases, as in (\ref{Example_14.18}) and (\ref{Example_14.19}). In (\ref{Example_14.18}), the notion of a ``non-exhaustive list'' is implied, while in (\ref{Example_14.19}) it is overtly marked with \textitbf{apa the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___ something else’ (literally ‘what its gloss ___’). Less often, \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ combines prepositional phrases as in (\ref{Example_14.20}), its gloss ___ clauses as in (\ref{Example_14.21}); the linking of verbs with \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the cits gloss ___pus. Another function of \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, not discussed here, is to mark \isi{interrogative} clauses (see §\ref{Para_13.2.3}).
A: word: dengang	 gloss: with
B: word: ka	 gloss: or
C: word: dang	 gloss: and
D: word: terbuka	 gloss: be.opened
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... nanti banjir ___ hujang ka, guntur ka
Gloss (with missing item): ... very.soon flooding ___ rain or thunder or
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[it’s not allowed to kill the snake otherwise] later (there’ll be) flooding, or rain, or thunder (or something else)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Disjunctive \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals series its gloss ___ sequences of alternatives. Occurring at the right periphery of a constituent, it indicates that a list of alternatives is not exhaustive. That is, a few possible options are overtly mentioned, while others are implied. To make the notion of ``non-exhaustive list of alternatives'' explicit, the \isi{conjunction} marks an \isi{interrogative} as the final enumerated constituent. Typically, \isi{disjunctive} \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ links \isi{noun} phrases, as in (\ref{Example_14.18}) and (\ref{Example_14.19}). In (\ref{Example_14.18}), the notion of a ``non-exhaustive list'' is implied, while in (\ref{Example_14.19}) it is overtly marked with \textitbf{apa the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___ something else’ (literally ‘what its gloss ___’). Less often, \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ combines prepositional phrases as in (\ref{Example_14.20}), its gloss ___ clauses as in (\ref{Example_14.21}); the linking of verbs with \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the cits gloss ___pus. Another function of \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, not discussed here, is to mark \isi{interrogative} clauses (see §\ref{Para_13.2.3}).
A: word: yang	 gloss: REL
B: word: terbuka	 gloss: be.opened
C: word: dang	 gloss: and
D: word: ka	 gloss: or
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... nanti banjir ka, hujang ___ guntur ka
Gloss (with missing item): ... very.soon flooding or rain ___ thunder or
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[it’s not allowed to kill the snake otherwise] later (there’ll be) flooding, or rain, or thunder (or something else)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Disjunctive \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals series its gloss ___ sequences of alternatives. Occurring at the right periphery of a constituent, it indicates that a list of alternatives is not exhaustive. That is, a few possible options are overtly mentioned, while others are implied. To make the notion of ``non-exhaustive list of alternatives'' explicit, the \isi{conjunction} marks an \isi{interrogative} as the final enumerated constituent. Typically, \isi{disjunctive} \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ links \isi{noun} phrases, as in (\ref{Example_14.18}) and (\ref{Example_14.19}). In (\ref{Example_14.18}), the notion of a ``non-exhaustive list'' is implied, while in (\ref{Example_14.19}) it is overtly marked with \textitbf{apa the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___ something else’ (literally ‘what its gloss ___’). Less often, \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ combines prepositional phrases as in (\ref{Example_14.20}), its gloss ___ clauses as in (\ref{Example_14.21}); the linking of verbs with \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the cits gloss ___pus. Another function of \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, not discussed here, is to mark \isi{interrogative} clauses (see §\ref{Para_13.2.3}).
A: word: sampe	 gloss: reach
B: word: dang	 gloss: and
C: word: ka	 gloss: or
D: word: terbuka	 gloss: be.opened
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... nanti banjir ka, hujang ka, guntur ___
Gloss (with missing item): ... very.soon flooding or rain or thunder ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[it’s not allowed to kill the snake otherwise] later (there’ll be) flooding, or rain, or thunder (or something else)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Disjunctive \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals series its gloss ___ sequences of alternatives. Occurring at the right periphery of a constituent, it indicates that a list of alternatives is not exhaustive. That is, a few possible options are overtly mentioned, while others are implied. To make the notion of ``non-exhaustive list of alternatives'' explicit, the \isi{conjunction} marks an \isi{interrogative} as the final enumerated constituent. Typically, \isi{disjunctive} \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ links \isi{noun} phrases, as in (\ref{Example_14.18}) and (\ref{Example_14.19}). In (\ref{Example_14.18}), the notion of a ``non-exhaustive list'' is implied, while in (\ref{Example_14.19}) it is overtly marked with \textitbf{apa the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___ something else’ (literally ‘what its gloss ___’). Less often, \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ combines prepositional phrases as in (\ref{Example_14.20}), its gloss ___ clauses as in (\ref{Example_14.21}); the linking of verbs with \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is unattested in the cits gloss ___pus. Another function of \textitbf{the mits gloss ___pheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, not discussed here, is to mark \isi{interrogative} clauses (see §\ref{Para_13.2.3}).
A: word: terbuka	 gloss: be.opened
B: word: dang	 gloss: and
C: word: ka	 gloss: or
D: word: taw	 gloss: know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C