cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {nanti} {dia} {pikir} saya ___ baik ... nanti de pikir kitong tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG think 1SG ___ be.good ... very.soon 3SG think 1PL NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘very soon he’ll think that I’m not good ... very soon he’ll think that we are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{the morpheme ___}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: tida	 gloss: NEG
B: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: sidaq	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {nanti} {dia} {pikir} saya tida ___ ... nanti de pikir kitong tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG think 1SG NEG ___ ... very.soon 3SG think 1PL NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘very soon he’ll think that I’m not good ... very soon he’ll think that we are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: ke–baik–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.good–NMLZ
B: word: dua	 gloss: two
C: word: enak	 gloss: be.pleasant
D: word: baik	 gloss: be.good
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {nanti} {dia} {pikir} saya tida baik ... nanti de pikir kitong ___ baik
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG think 1SG NEG be.good ... very.soon 3SG think 1PL ___ be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘very soon he’ll think that I’m not good ... very soon he’ll think that we are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illusthe morpheme ___tes \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: tra	 gloss: NEG
B: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
C: word: mari	 gloss: hither
D: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {nanti} {dia} {pikir} saya tida baik ... nanti de pikir kitong tra ___
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG think 1SG NEG be.good ... very.soon 3SG think 1PL NEG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘very soon he’ll think that I’m not good ... very soon he’ll think that we are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: enak	 gloss: be.pleasant
B: word: baik	 gloss: be.good
C: word: dulu	 gloss: first
D: word: ke–baik–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.good–NMLZ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ___ datang ... de tida datang
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ come ... 3SG NEG come
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she did not come ... she did not come’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illusthe morpheme ___tes \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
B: word: tra	 gloss: NEG
C: word: mari	 gloss: hither
D: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de tra datang ... de ___ datang
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG NEG come ... 3SG ___ come
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she did not come ... she did not come’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{the morpheme ___}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: bli	 gloss: buy
B: word: sidaq	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: tida	 gloss: NEG
D: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ___ pukul dorang
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ hit 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I don’t hit them’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{the morpheme ___}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: tida	 gloss: NEG
B: word: kas	 gloss: give
C: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
D: word: sidaq	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa tida ___ dorang
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG NEG ___ 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I don’t hit them’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: kluar	 gloss: go.out
B: word: tabrak	 gloss: hit.against
C: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
D: word: kulit	 gloss: skin
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kalo bapa ___ bli sa HP, biar suda tida apa~apa
Gloss (with missing item): if father ___ buy 1SG cell.phone let already NEG RDP~what
The English translation of this sentence is:‘if you (‘father’) won’t buy me a cell phone, just let it be, no problem’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illusthe morpheme ___tes \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: suda	 gloss: already
B: word: tra	 gloss: NEG
C: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
D: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kalo bapa tra ___ sa HP, biar suda tida apa~apa
Gloss (with missing item): if father NEG ___ 1SG cell.phone let already NEG RDP~what
The English translation of this sentence is:‘if you (‘father’) won’t buy me a cell phone, just let it be, no problem’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: jual	 gloss: sell
B: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
C: word: bli	 gloss: buy
D: word: bli~bli	 gloss: RDP~buy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru kamu ___ kas kluar uang bayar
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 2PL ___ give go.out money pay
The English translation of this sentence is:[Encouraging teenagers to take free English classes:] ‘and then you won’t have to pay fees’ (Lit. ‘not give (to) come out’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illusthe morpheme ___tes \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: tra	 gloss: NEG
B: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
C: word: coba	 gloss: try
D: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru kamu tra ___ kluar uang bayar
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 2PL NEG ___ go.out money pay
The English translation of this sentence is:[Encouraging teenagers to take free English classes:] ‘and then you won’t have to pay fees’ (Lit. ‘not give (to) come out’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: ayo	 gloss: come.on!
B: word: kas	 gloss: give
C: word: kasi	 gloss: give
D: word: siap	 gloss: provide
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru kamu tra kas ___ uang bayar
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 2PL NEG give ___ money pay
The English translation of this sentence is:[Encouraging teenagers to take free English classes:] ‘and then you won’t have to pay fees’ (Lit. ‘not give (to) come out’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a negator of verbal clauses, \textitbf{tida}/\textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ negates stative verbs such as \textitbf{baik} ‘be good’ in (\ref{Example_13.1}), dynamic verbs such as \textitbf{datang} ‘come’ in (\ref{Example_13.2}), \isi{bivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{pukul} ‘hit’ in (\ref{Example_13.3}), or \isi{trivalent} verbs such as \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in (\ref{Example_13.4}). The example in (\ref{Example_13.5}) illustrates \isi{negation} of a \isi{causative} construction.
A: word: pergi	 gloss: go
B: word: kluarga	 gloss: family
C: word: kluar	 gloss: go.out
D: word: saja	 gloss: just
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {nanti} {dia} {pikir} saya ___ baik ... nanti de pikir kitong tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG think 1SG ___ be.good ... very.soon 3SG think 1PL NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘very soon he’ll think that I’m not good ... very soon he’ll think that we are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrastive examples in (\ref{Example_13.1}) and (\ref{Example_13.2}) also show that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{neg}’ and \textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ are used interchangeably with no differences in function or meaning. In the corpus, however, speakers more often use \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{neg}’ than \textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ (1,491 vs. 794 tokens) (\textitbf{bukang} ‘\textsc{neg}’ is attested with 208 tokens; see §\ref{Para_13.1.2}).
A: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
B: word: sidaq	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: tida	 gloss: NEG
D: word: tolong	 gloss: help
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {nanti} {dia} {pikir} saya tida ___ ... nanti de pikir kitong tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG think 1SG NEG ___ ... very.soon 3SG think 1PL NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘very soon he’ll think that I’m not good ... very soon he’ll think that we are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrastive examples in (\ref{Example_13.1}) and (\ref{Example_13.2}) also show that \textitbf{tida} ‘\textsc{neg}’ and \textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ are used interchangeably with no differences in function or meaning. In the corpus, however, speakers more often use \textitbf{tida} ‘\textsc{neg}’ than \textitbf{tra} ‘\textsc{neg}’ (1,491 vs. 794 tokens) (\textitbf{bukang} ‘\textsc{neg}’ is attested with 208 tokens; see §\ref{Para_13.1.2}).
A: word: tra	 gloss: NEG
B: word: baik	 gloss: be.good
C: word: ke–baik–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.good–NMLZ
D: word: enak	 gloss: be.pleasant
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {nanti} {dia} {pikir} saya tida baik ... nanti de pikir kitong ___ baik
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG think 1SG NEG be.good ... very.soon 3SG think 1PL ___ be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘very soon he’ll think that I’m not good ... very soon he’ll think that we are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The conthe morpheme ___stive examples in (\ref{Example_13.1}) and (\ref{Example_13.2}) also show that \textitbf{tida} ‘\textsc{neg}’ and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{neg}’ are used interchangeably with no differences in function or meaning. In the corpus, however, speakers more often use \textitbf{tida} ‘\textsc{neg}’ than \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{neg}’ (1,491 vs. 794 tokens) (\textitbf{bukang} ‘\textsc{neg}’ is attested with 208 tokens; see §\ref{Para_13.1.2}).
A: word: tra	 gloss: NEG
B: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
C: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
D: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A