cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 77:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... Ø situ Natanael Ø ___ Martin Ø situ Aleks
Gloss (with missing item): ... ... L.MED Natanael ... ___ Martin ... L.MED Aleks
The English translation of this sentence is:[Choosing among potential candidates for the upcoming local elections:] ‘[Burwas (village can have) two candidates,] there (emph) is Natanael, there (emph) is Martin, there (emph) is Aleks’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locational predicate clauses typically express information about the \isi{locational} relation, spatial or figurative, between a figure and the ground, as shown in (\ref{Example_12.22}) to (\ref{Example_12.26}). In addition, \isi{locational} predicates can have presentative function, as shown in (\ref{Example_12.28}). In Papuan Malay, the specific kind of relation is conveyed by prepositions encoding location, namely \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’, allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’, or elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’, (see also §\ref{Para_10.1}). The ground can be encoded by a common (proper) \isi{noun} or a \isi{noun} phrase. Unlike prepositional phrases in verbal clauses, \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ and allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ cannot be omitted from prepositional clauses with nominal complements as this would result in nominal clauses with unacceptable semantics (for more details on the omission of prepositions encoding location, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}); the exceptions are preposed prepositional clauses with \isi{locative} complements, as in (\ref{Example_12.27}) to (\ref{Example_12.29}).
A: word: banyak	 gloss: many
B: word: obat	 gloss: medicine
C: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
D: word: situ~situ	 gloss: RDP~L.MED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 78:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... Ø situ Natanael Ø situ Martin Ø ___ Aleks
Gloss (with missing item): ... ... L.MED Natanael ... L.MED Martin ... ___ Aleks
The English translation of this sentence is:[Choosing among potential candidates for the upcoming local elections:] ‘[Burwas (village can have) two candidates,] there (emph) is Natanael, there (emph) is Martin, there (emph) is Aleks’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locational predicate clauses typically express information about the \isi{locational} relation, spatial or figurative, between a figure and the ground, as shown in (\ref{Example_12.22}) to (\ref{Example_12.26}). In addition, \isi{locational} predicates can have presentative function, as shown in (\ref{Example_12.28}). In Papuan Malay, the specific kind of relation is conveyed by prepositions encoding location, namely \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’, allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’, or elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’, (see also §\ref{Para_10.1}). The ground can be encoded by a common (proper) \isi{noun} or a \isi{noun} phrase. Unlike prepositional phrases in verbal clauses, \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ and allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ cannot be omitted from prepositional clauses with nominal complements as this would result in nominal clauses with unacceptable semantics (for more details on the omission of prepositions encoding location, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}); the exceptions are preposed prepositional clauses with \isi{locative} complements, as in (\ref{Example_12.27}) to (\ref{Example_12.29}).
A: word: obat	 gloss: medicine
B: word: klawar	 gloss: cave.bat
C: word: situ~situ	 gloss: RDP~L.MED
D: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 79:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): memang dia ___ kampung
Gloss (with missing item): indeed 3SG ___ village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘indeed, he was in the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Spits gloss ___ial \isi{locits gloss ___ional} prethe morpheme ___cits gloss ___es denote stits gloss ___ic or dynamic relits gloss ___ions between a figure and the ground, depenthe morpheme ___ng on the semantics of the \isi{preposition}. In (\ref{Example_12.22}), \isi{locits gloss ___ive} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___, in’ expresses the spits gloss ___ial locits gloss ___ion of the figure \textitbf{the morpheme ___a} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ its gloss ___ the ground \textitbf{kampung} ‘village’. In (\ref{Example_12.23}) allits gloss ___ive \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ signals the motion of the figure \textitbf{dep mama} ‘her mother’ toward the goal \textitbf{Pante-Barits gloss ___}.\footnote{While this kind of prepositional prethe morpheme ___cits gloss ___e is not possible in English, it does occur in other languages such as colloquial \ili{German}. Hence, (\ref{Example_12.23}) easily translits gloss ___es into \textitbf{ihre Mutter ist nach}\textitbf{ {\ldots} Pante-Barits gloss ___}.} In (\ref{Example_12.24}), elits gloss ___ive \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys the motion of the figure \textitbf{sa} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ away from the source \textitbf{Sawar}.\footnote{More frequently, however, motion away from a source is encoded by a verbal phrase such as \textitbf{kluar dari ruma} ‘left home’ in (\ref{Footnote_Example_12.1}) below:
A: word: dari	 gloss: from
B: word: di	 gloss: at
C: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: ade-kaka	 gloss: siblings
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 80:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): memang dia di ___
Gloss (with missing item): indeed 3SG at ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘indeed, he was in the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Spatial \isi{locational} predicates denote static or dynamic relations between a figure and the ground, depending on the semantics of the \isi{preposition}. In (\ref{Example_12.22}), \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ expresses the spatial location of the figure \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ at the ground \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’. In (\ref{Example_12.23}) allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ signals the motion of the figure \textitbf{dep mama} ‘her mother’ toward the goal \textitbf{Pante-Barat}.\footnote{While this kind of prepositional predicate is not possible in English, it does occur in other languages such as colloquial \ili{German}. Hence, (\ref{Example_12.23}) easily translates into \textitbf{ihre Mutter ist nach}\textitbf{ {\ldots} Pante-Barat}.} In (\ref{Example_12.24}), elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys the motion of the figure \textitbf{sa} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ away from the source \textitbf{Sawar}.\footnote{More frequently, however, motion away from a source is encoded by a verbal phrase such as \textitbf{kluar dari ruma} ‘left home’ in (\ref{Footnote_Example_12.1}) below:
A: word: kampung-tana	 gloss: village-ground
B: word: uang	 gloss: money
C: word: kampung	 gloss: village
D: word: pasang	 gloss: install
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 81:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dep mama ___ ini Pante-Barat
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG:POSS mother ___ D.PROX Pante-Barat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘her mother (went) to, what’s-its-name, Pante-Barat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Spatial \isi{locational} predicates denote static or dynamic relations between a figure and the ground, depending on the semantics of the \isi{preposition}. In (\ref{Example_12.22}), \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ expresses the spatial location of the figure \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ at the ground \textitbf{kampung} ‘village’. In (\ref{Example_12.23}) allative \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals the motion of the figure \textitbf{dep mama} ‘her mother’ its gloss ___ward the goal \textitbf{Pante-Barat}.\footnote{While this kind of prepositional predicate is not possible in English, it does occur in other languages such as colloquial \ili{German}. Hence, (\ref{Example_12.23}) easily translates inits gloss ___ \textitbf{ihre Mutter ist nach}\textitbf{ {\ldots} Pante-Barat}.} In (\ref{Example_12.24}), elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys the motion of the figure \textitbf{sa} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ away from the source \textitbf{Sawar}.\footnote{More frequently, however, motion away from a source is encoded by a verbal phrase such as \textitbf{kluar dari ruma} ‘left home’ in (\ref{Footnote_Example_12.1}) below:
A: word: manusia	 gloss: human.being
B: word: kejar	 gloss: chase
C: word: ke	 gloss: to
D: word: harus	 gloss: have.to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 82:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dep mama ke ini ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG:POSS mother to D.PROX ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘her mother (went) to, what’s-its-name, Pante-Barat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Spatial \isi{locational} predicates denote static or dynamic relations between a figure and the ground, depending on the semantics of the \isi{preposition}. In (\ref{Example_12.22}), \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ expresses the spatial location of the figure \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ at the ground \textitbf{kampung} ‘village’. In (\ref{Example_12.23}) allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ signals the motion of the figure \textitbf{dep mama} ‘her mother’ toward the goal \textitbf{its gloss ___}.\footnote{While this kind of prepositional predicate is not possible in English, it does occur in other languages such as colloquial \ili{German}. Hence, (\ref{Example_12.23}) easily translates into \textitbf{ihre Mutter ist nach}\textitbf{ {\ldots} its gloss ___}.} In (\ref{Example_12.24}), elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys the motion of the figure \textitbf{sa} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ away from the source \textitbf{Sawar}.\footnote{More frequently, however, motion away from a source is encoded by a verbal phrase such as \textitbf{kluar dari ruma} ‘left home’ in (\ref{Footnote_Example_12.1}) below:
A: word: pante-timur	 gloss: Pante-Timur
B: word: pante-barat	 gloss: Pante-Barat
C: word: manis	 gloss: be.sweet
D: word: ana	 gloss: child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 83:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dep mama ___ ini Pante-Barat
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG:POSS mother ___ D.PROX Pante-Barat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘her mother (went) to, what’s-its-name, Pante-Barat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Spatial \isi{locational} predicates denote static or dynamic relations between a figure and the ground, depending on the semantics of the \isi{preposition}. In (\ref{Example_12.22}), \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ expresses the spatial location of the figure \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ at the ground \textitbf{kampung} ‘village’. In (\ref{Example_12.23}) allative \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ signals the motion of the figure \textitbf{dep mama} ‘her mother’ its gloss ___ward the goal \textitbf{Pante-Barat}.\footnote{While this kind of prepositional predicate is not possible in English, it does occur in other languages such as colloquial \ili{German}. Hence, (\ref{Example_12.23}) easily translates inits gloss ___ \textitbf{ihre Mutter ist nach}\textitbf{ {\ldots} Pante-Barat}.} In (\ref{Example_12.24}), elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys the motion of the figure \textitbf{sa} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ away from the source \textitbf{Sawar}.\footnote{More frequently, however, motion away from a source is encoded by a verbal phrase such as \textitbf{kluar dari ruma} ‘left home’ in (\ref{Footnote_Example_12.1}) below:
A: word: harus	 gloss: have.to
B: word: picaang	 gloss: splinter
C: word: kejar	 gloss: chase
D: word: ke	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 84:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dep mama ke ini ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG:POSS mother to D.PROX ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘her mother (went) to, what’s-its-name, Pante-Barat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Spatial \isi{locational} predicates denote static or dynamic relations between a figure and the ground, depending on the semantics of the \isi{preposition}. In (\ref{Example_12.22}), \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ expresses the spatial location of the figure \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ at the ground \textitbf{kampung} ‘village’. In (\ref{Example_12.23}) allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ signals the motion of the figure \textitbf{dep mama} ‘her mother’ toward the goal \textitbf{its gloss ___}.\footnote{While this kind of prepositional predicate is not possible in English, it does occur in other languages such as colloquial \ili{German}. Hence, (\ref{Example_12.23}) easily translates into \textitbf{ihre Mutter ist nach}\textitbf{ {\ldots} its gloss ___}.} In (\ref{Example_12.24}), elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys the motion of the figure \textitbf{sa} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ away from the source \textitbf{Sawar}.\footnote{More frequently, however, motion away from a source is encoded by a verbal phrase such as \textitbf{kluar dari ruma} ‘left home’ in (\ref{Footnote_Example_12.1}) below:
A: word: blanga	 gloss: cooking.pot
B: word: sawar	 gloss: Sawar
C: word: pante-barat	 gloss: Pante-Barat
D: word: pante-timur	 gloss: Pante-Timur
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 85:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ___ Sawar
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ Sawar
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I (just returned) from Sawar’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Spatial \isi{locational} predicates denote static or dynamic relations between a figure and the ground, depending on the semantics of the \isi{preposition}. In (\ref{Example_12.22}), \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ expresses the spatial location of the figure \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ at the ground \textitbf{kampung} ‘village’. In (\ref{Example_12.23}) allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ signals the motion of the figure \textitbf{dep mama} ‘her mother’ toward the goal \textitbf{Pante-Barat}.\footnote{While this kind of prepositional predicate is not possible in English, it does occur in other languages such as colloquial \ili{German}. Hence, (\ref{Example_12.23}) easily translates into \textitbf{ihre Mutter ist nach}\textitbf{ {\ldots} Pante-Barat}.} In (\ref{Example_12.24}), elative \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ conveys the motion of the figure \textitbf{sa} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ away its gloss ___ the source \textitbf{Sawar}.\footnote{More frequently, however, motion away its gloss ___ a source is encoded by a verbal phrase such as \textitbf{kluar the morpheme ___ ruma} ‘left home’ in (\ref{Footnote_Example_12.1}) below:
A: word: cari	 gloss: search
B: word: dang	 gloss: and
C: word: dari	 gloss: from
D: word: kepala	 gloss: head
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 86:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa dari ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG from ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I (just returned) from Sawar’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Spatial \isi{locational} predicates denote static or dynamic relations between a figure and the ground, depending on the semantics of the \isi{preposition}. In (\ref{Example_12.22}), \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ expresses the spatial location of the figure \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ at the ground \textitbf{kampung} ‘village’. In (\ref{Example_12.23}) allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ signals the motion of the figure \textitbf{dep mama} ‘her mother’ toward the goal \textitbf{Pante-Barat}.\footnote{While this kind of prepositional predicate is not possible in English, it does occur in other languages such as colloquial \ili{German}. Hence, (\ref{Example_12.23}) easily translates into \textitbf{ihre Mutter ist nach}\textitbf{ {\ldots} Pante-Barat}.} In (\ref{Example_12.24}), elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys the motion of the figure \textitbf{sa} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ away from the source \textitbf{its gloss ___}.\footnote{More frequently, however, motion away from a source is encoded by a verbal phrase such as \textitbf{kluar dari ruma} ‘left home’ in (\ref{Footnote_Example_12.1}) below:
A: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
B: word: niwerawar	 gloss: Niwerawar
C: word: mari	 gloss: hither
D: word: sawar	 gloss: Sawar
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 87:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ___ IPS satu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ social.sciences one
The English translation of this sentence is:[About course tracks in high school:] ‘I am in Social Sciences I’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locits gloss ___ional prethe morpheme ___cits gloss ___es also express figurits gloss ___ive \isi{locits gloss ___ional} relits gloss ___ions between a figure and the ground. In (\ref{Example_12.25}), \isi{locits gloss ___ive} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___, in’ conveys a figurits gloss ___ive \isi{locits gloss ___ional} relits gloss ___ion between the figure \textitbf{saya} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ and the ground \textitbf{IPS sits gloss ___u} ‘Social Sciences I’. Along similar lines, elits gloss ___ive \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys a figurits gloss ___ive relits gloss ___ion in (\ref{Example_12.26}). This example is part of a conversits gloss ___ion about a builthe morpheme ___ng project thits gloss ___ was put on hold due to the lack of funthe morpheme ___ng. The figure \textitbf{smua itu} ‘all thits gloss ___’ refers to the delayed project while the ground \textitbf{uang} ‘money’ denotes the nonspits gloss ___ial source from which this delay originits gloss ___es. Figurits gloss ___ive prethe morpheme ___cits gloss ___es with allits gloss ___ive \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ are units gloss ___tested.
A: word: deng	 gloss: with
B: word: di	 gloss: at
C: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: ketemu	 gloss: meet
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 88:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa di ___ satu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG at ___ one
The English translation of this sentence is:[About course tracks in high school:] ‘I am in Social Sciences I’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Locational predicates also express figurative \isi{locational} relations between a figure and the ground. In (\ref{Example_12.25}), \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at, in’ conveys a figurative \isi{locational} relation between the figure \textitbf{saya} ‘1\textsc{sg}’ and the ground \textitbf{IPS satu} ‘Social Sciences I’. Along similar lines, elative \textitbf{dari} ‘from’ conveys a figurative relation in (\ref{Example_12.26}). This example is part of a conversation about a building project that was put on hold due to the lack of funding. The figure \textitbf{smua itu} ‘all that’ refers to the delayed project while the ground \textitbf{uang} ‘money’ denotes the nonspatial source from which this delay originates. Figurative predicates with allative \textitbf{ke} ‘to’ are unattested.
A: word: ipa	 gloss: natural.sciences
B: word: ips	 gloss: social.sciences
C: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
D: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B