cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): di langit ini bulang satu tapi di kalender de dua ___
Gloss (with missing item): at sky D.PROX month one but at calendar 3SG two ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘in this sky there is one moon, but in the calendar there are twelve’ (Lit. ‘the moon (is) one ... it (is) twelve’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the nominal clause in (\ref{Example_12.1}) and the \isi{quantifier} clause in (\ref{Example_12.2}), the subject is a \isi{noun} phrase or a \isi{noun}, respectively. In the nominal clause in (\ref{Example_12.3}) and the prepositional clause in (\ref{Example_12.4}) the subjects are encoded as personal pronouns. And in the \isi{numeral} clause in (\ref{Example_12.5}) and the prepositional clause in (\ref{Example_12.6}), the subjects are expressed with demonstratives. (For a nominal clause with a \isi{demonstrative} subject see (\ref{Example_12.12}) in §\ref{Para_12.2}, p. \pageref{Example_12.12}, for a \isi{numeral} clause with a personal \isi{pronoun} subject see (\ref{Example_12.19}) in §\ref{Para_12.3}, p. \pageref{Example_12.19}, and for a \isi{prepositional phrase} with a \isi{noun} phrase subject see (\ref{Example_12.23}) in §\ref{Para_12.4.1}, p. \pageref{Example_12.23}.)
A: word: pemuda	 gloss: youth
B: word: malas	 gloss: be.listless
C: word: blas	 gloss: teens
D: word: dua	 gloss: two
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ {minta} {apa,} kitong kasi karna Ø kitong punya ana ... Ø masi tong punya dara
Gloss (with missing item): ___ request what 1PL give because ... 1PL POSS child ... ... still 1PL POSS blood
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she requests something, we give (it to her), because (she’s) our child, ... (she’s) still our blood’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the subject can be inferred from the context it can also be elithe morpheme ___d. This is illustrated with the two nominal clauses in (\ref{Example_12.7}) and the prepositional clause in (\ref{Example_12.8}). In the two nominal clauses in (\ref{Example_12.7}), the predicates \textitbf{kitong pu ana} ‘our child’ and \textitbf{tong punya dara} ‘our blood’ are coreferential with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’. As the subject was already introduced at the beginning of the utterance, it is omitted in the nominal clause. In the prepositional clause in (\ref{Example_12.8}), the elithe morpheme ___d subject is \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, that is, the addressee.
A: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
B: word: deng	 gloss: with
C: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: ade	 gloss: LIG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ {minta} {apa,} kitong kasi karna Ø kitong punya ana ... Ø masi tong punya dara
Gloss (with missing item): ___ request what 1PL give because ... 1PL POSS child ... ... still 1PL POSS blood
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she requests something, we give (it to her), because (she’s) our child, ... (she’s) still our blood’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the subject can be inferred from the context it can also be elithe morpheme ___d. This is illustrated with the two nominal clauses in (\ref{Example_12.7}) and the prepositional clause in (\ref{Example_12.8}). In the two nominal clauses in (\ref{Example_12.7}), the predicates \textitbf{kitong pu ana} ‘our child’ and \textitbf{tong punya dara} ‘our blood’ are coreferential with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’. As the subject was already introduced at the beginning of the utterance, it is omitted in the nominal clause. In the prepositional clause in (\ref{Example_12.8}), the elithe morpheme ___d subject is \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, that is, the addressee.
A: word: deng	 gloss: with
B: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
D: word: biasa	 gloss: be.usual
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): misalnya saya ___ biasa
Gloss (with missing item): for.example 1SG ___ be.usual
The English translation of this sentence is:[About humans and evil spirits:] ‘for example, I am a normal human being’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: pante-barat	 gloss: Pante-Barat
B: word: katanya	 gloss: it.is.being.said
C: word: usia	 gloss: age
D: word: manusia	 gloss: human.being
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): misalnya saya manusia ___
Gloss (with missing item): for.example 1SG human.being ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About humans and evil spirits:] ‘for example, I am a normal human being’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: biasa	 gloss: be.usual
B: word: biasa–nya	 gloss: be.usual–3POSSR
C: word: baik	 gloss: be.good
D: word: ade	 gloss: LIG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ko ___ Demta, ko pulang ke Demta!
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG ___ Demta 2SG go.home to Demta
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you are a Demta girl, go home to Demta!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: prempuang	 gloss: woman
B: word: acara	 gloss: festivity
C: word: maytua	 gloss: wife
D: word: uang	 gloss: money
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ko prempuang ___ ko pulang ke Demta!
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG woman ___ 2SG go.home to Demta
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you are a Demta girl, go home to Demta!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: senggi	 gloss: Senggi
B: word: sofia	 gloss: Sofia
C: word: demta	 gloss: Demta
D: word: tanya	 gloss: ask
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dia masi ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG still ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she’s still (my) younger sister’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: mama-ade	 gloss: aunt
B: word: ade	 gloss: ySb
C: word: puti	 gloss: be.white
D: word: celana	 gloss: trouser
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): o, itu ___
Gloss (with missing item): oh! D.DIST ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘oh, that was a bat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: klawar	 gloss: cave.bat
B: word: niwerawar	 gloss: Niwerawar
C: word: berburu	 gloss: hunt
D: word: dua	 gloss: two
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): saya ___ ana
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ child
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have four children’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: tempat	 gloss: place
B: word: lima	 gloss: five
C: word: empat	 gloss: four
D: word: dari	 gloss: from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): saya empat ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG four ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have four children’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: bayi	 gloss: baby
B: word: ana	 gloss: child
C: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
D: word: manusia	 gloss: human.being
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): orang Biak kang ___ puti
Gloss (with missing item): person Biak you.know ___ be.white
The English translation of this sentence is:[About bride-price customs:] ‘you know, the Biak people have silver/tin bracelets’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: jempol	 gloss: thumb
B: word: bilang	 gloss: say
C: word: glang	 gloss: bracelet
D: word: sebagey	 gloss: as
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): orang Biak kang glang ___
Gloss (with missing item): person Biak you.know bracelet ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About bride-price customs:] ‘you know, the Biak people have silver/tin bracelets’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay ascriptive, equative, and possessive nominal predicates are different in terms of their semantics, but not in terms of their structure. That is, Papuan Malay does not distinguish the three nominal predicate types as far as their syntactic or intonational features are concerned; all three are formed by \isi{juxtaposition} of two \isi{noun} phrases with the subject preceding the predicate. This is illustrated with the ascriptive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.9}) and (\ref{Example_12.10}), the equative clauses in (\ref{Example_12.11}) and (\ref{Example_12.12}), and the possessive clauses in (\ref{Example_12.13}) to (\ref{Example_12.16}).
A: word: puti	 gloss: be.white
B: word: hitam	 gloss: be.black
C: word: manusia	 gloss: human.being
D: word: taputar	 gloss: be.turned.around
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): misalnya saya ___ biasa
Gloss (with missing item): for.example 1SG ___ be.usual
The English translation of this sentence is:[About humans and evil spirits:] ‘for example, I am a normal human being’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the ascriptive clause in (\ref{Example_12.9}), the subject \textitbf{saya} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ is asserted to belong to the class of \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘human being’. In the ascriptive clause in (\ref{Example_12.10}), the subject \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ is part of the class of \textitbf{prempuang Demta} ‘Demta girls’. The equative clause in (\ref{Example_12.11}) identifies the predicate \textitbf{ade} ‘younger sibling’ with the subject \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’. Along similar lines, the equative clause in (\ref{Example_12.12}) identifies the predicate \textitbf{klawar} ‘cave bat’ with the subject \textitbf{itu} ‘\textsc{d.dist}’. The example in (\ref{Example_12.11}) also shows that nonverbal predicates can be modified with adverbs, such as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’.
A: word: usia	 gloss: age
B: word: katanya	 gloss: it.is.being.said
C: word: kaya	 gloss: like
D: word: manusia	 gloss: human.being
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): misalnya saya manusia ___
Gloss (with missing item): for.example 1SG human.being ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About humans and evil spirits:] ‘for example, I am a normal human being’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the ascriptive clause in (\ref{Example_12.9}), the subject \textitbf{saya} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ is asserted to belong to the class of \textitbf{manusia} ‘human being’. In the ascriptive clause in (\ref{Example_12.10}), the subject \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ is part of the class of \textitbf{prempuang Demta} ‘Demta girls’. The equative clause in (\ref{Example_12.11}) identifies the predicate \textitbf{ade} ‘younger sibling’ with the subject \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’. Along similar lines, the equative clause in (\ref{Example_12.12}) identifies the predicate \textitbf{klawar} ‘cave bat’ with the subject \textitbf{itu} ‘\textsc{d.dist}’. The example in (\ref{Example_12.11}) also shows that nonverbal predicates can be modified with adverbs, such as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’.
A: word: biasa	 gloss: be.usual
B: word: baik	 gloss: be.good
C: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
D: word: biasa–nya	 gloss: be.usual–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A