cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 236:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ___ di situ, Martina ada di situ
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ at L.MED Martina exist at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she was (being) there, Martina was (being) there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable its gloss ___ential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of its gloss ___ential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
B: word: ada	 gloss: exist
C: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
D: word: badang	 gloss: body
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 237:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ada di situ, Martina ___ di situ
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG exist at L.MED Martina ___ at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she was (being) there, Martina was (being) there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable its gloss ___ential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of its gloss ___ential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
B: word: ada	 gloss: exist
C: word: bunuuu	 gloss: kill
D: word: badang	 gloss: body
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 239:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de di ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG at ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he (was) there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable existential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di the morpheme ___} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{existential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di the morpheme ___} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of existential \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di the morpheme ___} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: dapat	 gloss: get
B: word: obat	 gloss: medicine
C: word: situ~situ	 gloss: RDP~L.MED
D: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 240:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ___ tidor di situ
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ sleep at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he is sleeping there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable its gloss ___ential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of its gloss ___ential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: badang	 gloss: body
B: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
C: word: ada	 gloss: exist
D: word: jatu	 gloss: fall
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 242:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de di ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG at ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he (was) there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable existential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di the morpheme ___} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{existential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di the morpheme ___} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of existential \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di the morpheme ___} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: ketemu	 gloss: meet
B: word: obat	 gloss: medicine
C: word: situ~situ	 gloss: RDP~L.MED
D: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 243:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ___ di situ
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he (was) still there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable existential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{existential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of existential \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: lanjut	 gloss: continue
B: word: lebi	 gloss: more
C: word: kasi	 gloss: give
D: word: masi	 gloss: still
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 244:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ___ tidor di situ
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ sleep at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he is sleeping there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable its gloss ___ential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of its gloss ___ential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: benci	 gloss: hate
B: word: ada	 gloss: exist
C: word: badang	 gloss: body
D: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 245:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ___ ana, jadi sa kasi untuk sa pu sodara
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ child so 1SG give for 1SG POSS sibling
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have children, so I gave (one) to my relative’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In two-argument its gloss ___ential clauses, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ links both core arguments. This type of \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} expresses possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum. As shown in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}), the \isi{possessor \isi{noun} phrase} takes the subject slot and the \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} takes the direct object slot, such that ``\textsc{possessor} \textsc{its gloss ___}s \textsc{possessum}'' or ``\textsc{possessor} has a \textsc{possessum}''. In ({\ref{Example_11.110}) \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ links the possessor \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ with the possessum \textitbf{ana} ‘child’ which gives the possessive reading ‘I have children’. The possessum can be encoded by a bare \isi{noun} as in ({\ref{Example_11.110}), or by a \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{dia punya jing} ‘her genies’ in ({\ref{Example_11.111}). (Alternatively, possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum can be expressed with a nominal predicate; for details see §\ref{Para_12.2}. Possession of a \isi{definite} possessum is encoded by an \isi{adnominal possessive construction}; for details see \chapref{Para_9}, and also §\ref{Para_11.4.1}.)
A: word: badang	 gloss: body
B: word: ada	 gloss: exist
C: word: minta~minta	 gloss: RDP~request
D: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B