cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 257:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): prempuang iblis itu ada dia ___ jing
Gloss (with missing item): woman devil D.DIST exist 3SG ___ genie
The English translation of this sentence is:[About evil spirits taking on the form of women:] ‘that woman spirit has her (own) genies’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In two-argument existential clauses, \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ links both core arguments. This type of \isi{existential clause} expresses possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum. As shown in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}), the \isi{possessor \isi{noun} phrase} takes the subject slot and the \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} takes the direct object slot, such that ``\textsc{possessor} \textsc{exist}s \textsc{possessum}'' or ``\textsc{possessor} has a \textsc{possessum}''. In ({\ref{Example_11.110}) \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ links the possessor \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ with the possessum \textitbf{ana} ‘child’ which gives the possessive reading ‘I have children’. The possessum can be encoded by a bare \isi{noun} as in ({\ref{Example_11.110}), or by a \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{dia the morpheme ___ jing} ‘her genies’ in ({\ref{Example_11.111}). (Alternatively, possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum can be expressed with a nominal predicate; for details see §\ref{Para_12.2}. Possession of a \isi{definite} possessum is encoded by an \isi{adnominal possessive construction}; for details see \chapref{Para_9}, and also §\ref{Para_11.4.1}.)
A: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
B: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
C: word: punya	 gloss: POSS
D: word: tanya	 gloss: ask
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 258:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): prempuang iblis itu ada dia punya ___
Gloss (with missing item): woman devil D.DIST exist 3SG POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About evil spirits taking on the form of women:] ‘that woman spirit has her (own) genies’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In two-argument existential clauses, \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ links both core arguments. This type of \isi{existential clause} expresses possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum. As shown in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}), the \isi{possessor \isi{noun} phrase} takes the subject slot and the \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} takes the direct object slot, such that ``\textsc{possessor} \textsc{exist}s \textsc{possessum}'' or ``\textsc{possessor} has a \textsc{possessum}''. In ({\ref{Example_11.110}) \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ links the possessor \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ with the possessum \textitbf{ana} ‘child’ which gives the possessive reading ‘I have children’. The possessum can be encoded by a bare \isi{noun} as in ({\ref{Example_11.110}), or by a \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{dia punya the morpheme ___} ‘her its gloss ___s’ in ({\ref{Example_11.111}). (Alternatively, possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum can be expressed with a nominal predicate; for details see §\ref{Para_12.2}. Possession of a \isi{definite} possessum is encoded by an \isi{adnominal possessive construction}; for details see \chapref{Para_9}, and also §\ref{Para_11.4.1}.)
A: word: anjing	 gloss: dog
B: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
C: word: sifat	 gloss: spirit
D: word: jing	 gloss: genie
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 259:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ___ ana, jadi sa kasi untuk sa pu sodara
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ child so 1SG give for 1SG POSS sibling
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have children, so I gave (one) to my relative’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the its gloss ___ential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corpus indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{punya} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
B: word: tebang	 gloss: fell
C: word: badang	 gloss: body
D: word: ada	 gloss: exist
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 260:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ada ___ jadi sa kasi untuk sa pu sodara
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG exist ___ so 1SG give for 1SG POSS sibling
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have children, so I gave (one) to my relative’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the existential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corpus indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{punya} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
B: word: ana	 gloss: child
C: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
D: word: bayi	 gloss: baby
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 261:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): prempuang iblis itu ___ dia punya jing
Gloss (with missing item): woman devil D.DIST ___ 3SG POSS genie
The English translation of this sentence is:[About evil spirits taking on the form of women:] ‘that woman spirit has her (own) genies’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the its gloss ___ential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corpus indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{punya} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: badang	 gloss: body
B: word: tinggi	 gloss: be.high
C: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
D: word: ada	 gloss: exist
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 262:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): prempuang iblis itu ada ___ punya jing
Gloss (with missing item): woman devil D.DIST exist ___ POSS genie
The English translation of this sentence is:[About evil spirits taking on the form of women:] ‘that woman spirit has her (own) genies’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the existential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corpus indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{punya} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: tabrak	 gloss: hit.against
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 263:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): prempuang iblis itu ada dia ___ jing
Gloss (with missing item): woman devil D.DIST exist 3SG ___ genie
The English translation of this sentence is:[About evil spirits taking on the form of women:] ‘that woman spirit has her (own) genies’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the existential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corpus indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: punya	 gloss: POSS
B: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
C: word: potong	 gloss: cut
D: word: tanya	 gloss: ask
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 264:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): prempuang iblis itu ada dia punya ___
Gloss (with missing item): woman devil D.DIST exist 3SG POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About evil spirits taking on the form of women:] ‘that woman spirit has her (own) genies’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the existential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corpus indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{punya} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: sifat	 gloss: spirit
B: word: jing	 gloss: genie
C: word: anjing	 gloss: dog
D: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 265:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pu motor ada
Gloss (with missing item): ___ POSS motorbike exist
The English translation of this sentence is:[Reply to a question:] ‘father had a motorbike’ (Lit. ‘father’s motorbike exists’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the existential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corpus indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{punya} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: panjang	 gloss: be.long
B: word: bapa	 gloss: father
C: word: bapa-ade	 gloss: uncle
D: word: tete	 gloss: grandfather
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 266:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa ___ motor ada
Gloss (with missing item): father ___ motorbike exist
The English translation of this sentence is:[Reply to a question:] ‘father had a motorbike’ (Lit. ‘father’s motorbike exists’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the existential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corthe morpheme ___s indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{the morpheme ___nya} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: rampas	 gloss: seize
B: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
C: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
D: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 267:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa pu ___ ada
Gloss (with missing item): father POSS ___ exist
The English translation of this sentence is:[Reply to a question:] ‘father had a motorbike’ (Lit. ‘father’s motorbike exists’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, \citet{Stassen.2013} identifies five major types of predicate possession: Have-Possessive, Oblique Possessive, Genitive Possessive, Topic Possessive, and Conjunctional Possessive. In terms of this classification, the existential possessive constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) and ({\ref{Example_11.111}) are best explained as Topic Possessives.\footnote{As for the remaining four types of possessive constructions, the data in the corpus indicates the following: (1) the Have-Possessive is formed with the ditransitive \isi{verb} \textitbf{punya} ‘have’, as in (\ref{Example_9.1}) in §\ref{Para_9.1} (p. \pageref{Example_9.1}), and the Genitive Possessive is used to encode possessive relations in which the possessum has a \isi{definite} reading, as in (\ref{Example_11.102}) and (\ref{Example_11.103}) in §\ref{Para_11.4.1} (p. \pageref{Example_11.102}) (see also \chapref{Para_9}). The Oblique and Conjunctional Possessives are unattested.} According to \citet[219]{Stassen.2009},
A: word: kitorang	 gloss: 1PL
B: word: nika	 gloss: marry.officially
C: word: ojek	 gloss: motorbike.taxi
D: word: motor	 gloss: motorbike
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 268:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ___ ana, jadi sa kasi untuk sa pu sodara
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ child so 1SG give for 1SG POSS sibling
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have children, so I gave (one) to my relative’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Following this analysis, an alternative translation for the possessive construction \textitbf{sa the morpheme ___ ana} ‘I have children’ in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) would be: ‘(as for) me, children its gloss ___’.
A: word: játu	 gloss: fall
B: word: ada	 gloss: exist
C: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
D: word: badang	 gloss: body
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 269:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ada ___ jadi sa kasi untuk sa pu sodara
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG exist ___ so 1SG give for 1SG POSS sibling
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I have children, so I gave (one) to my relative’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Following this the morpheme ___lysis, an alternative translation for the possessive construction \textitbf{sa ada the morpheme ___} ‘I have its gloss ___ren’ in ({\ref{Example_11.110}) would be: ‘(as for) me, its gloss ___ren exist’.
A: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
B: word: ana	 gloss: child
C: word: bayi	 gloss: baby
D: word: kas	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B