cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ibu distrik de ___ [kitong dua pu uang ojek]
Gloss (with missing item): woman district 3SG ___ 1PL two POSS money motorbike.taxi
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Ms. District gave us two money for the motorbike taxis’ (Lit. ‘our two motorbike taxi money’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, speakers use adnominal possessive constructions when the T is \isi{definite}. The corpus includes 14 such constructions among the 1,160 clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.2%). Examples are its gloss ___n for \textitbf{ambil} ‘fetch’ in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.34}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.35}). In each case, the possessor denotes the benefiting R of the event expressed by the \isi{verb}; the possessum denotes the T as the anticipated object of possession. In the corpus, the possessor is typically encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun} (13/14 tokens – 93%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.34}) and ({\ref{Example_11.35}). Only in one construction, presented in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), the possessor is expressed with a \isi{noun}, namely the \isi{proper noun} \textitbf{Sofia}. (Adnominal possession is described in detail in \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
B: word: siap	 gloss: provide
C: word: lebi	 gloss: more
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mama nanti ___ [Sofia pu ijasa SD]
Gloss (with missing item): mother very.soon ___ Sofia POSS diploma primary.school
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later you (‘mother’) fetch the primary school diploma for Sofia’ (Lit. ‘Sofia’s primary school diploma’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, speakers use adnominal possessive constructions when the T is \isi{definite}. The corpus includes 14 such constructions among the 1,160 clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.2%). Examples are given for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.34}), and \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.35}). In each case, the possessor denotes the benefiting R of the event expressed by the \isi{verb}; the possessum denotes the T as the anticipated object of possession. In the corpus, the possessor is typically encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun} (13/14 tokens – 93%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.34}) and ({\ref{Example_11.35}). Only in one construction, presented in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), the possessor is expressed with a \isi{noun}, namely the \isi{proper noun} \textitbf{Sofia}. (Adnominal possession is described in detail in \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: ana	 gloss: child
B: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
C: word: kembali	 gloss: return
D: word: bilang	 gloss: say
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kalo besok ada berkat sa ___ Ø komputer baru
Gloss (with missing item): if tomorrow exist blessing 1SG ___ ... computer be.new
The English translation of this sentence is:‘if there is a (financial) blessing in the near future, I’ll buy (us) a new computer’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most often the R is elided and the T retained (601/1,058 tokens – 57%); these distributional frequencies are further discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}. Examples are given for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.36}), \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’ in ({\ref{Example_11.37}), and \textitbf{kirim} ‘send’ in ({\ref{Example_11.38}).
A: word: jual	 gloss: sell
B: word: bli	 gloss: buy
C: word: bli~bli	 gloss: RDP~buy
D: word: mara	 gloss: feel.angry(.about)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): malam nanti Matias bilang, mama ___ Ø dongeng ka?
Gloss (with missing item): night very.soon Matias say mother ___ ... legend or
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later tonight Matias will say, ``are you (‘mother’) going to tell (me) a story?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most often the R is elided and the T retained (601/1,058 tokens – 57%); these distributional frequencies are further discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}. Examples are given for \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.36}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.37}), and \textitbf{kirim} ‘send’ in ({\ref{Example_11.38}).
A: word: taw	 gloss: know
B: word: ada	 gloss: exist
C: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
D: word: ceritra	 gloss: tell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa ___ Ø uang banyak~banyak!
Gloss (with missing item): father ___ ... money RDP~many
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[father I want to buy a cell-phone for myself,] father send (me) lots of money!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most often the R is elided and the T retained (601/1,058 tokens – 57%); these distributional frequencies are further discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}. Examples are given for \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.36}), \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’ in ({\ref{Example_11.37}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.38}).
A: word: kirim	 gloss: send
B: word: kiri	 gloss: left
C: word: tinggi	 gloss: be.high
D: word: antar	 gloss: deliver
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e, ko bawa Ø ke sana, ko ___ Ø sama ade
Gloss (with missing item): hey! 2SG bring ... to L.DIST 2SG ___ ... to ySb
The English translation of this sentence is:[Talking to a young boy:] ‘hey, bring (the ball) over there, bring (the ball) to the younger sibling’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: in the corpus (75/1,058 tokens – 7%). In most cases, the retained R is encoded as an oblique (49/75 tokens – 65%). This is demonstrated for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.39}), \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’ in ({\ref{Example_11.40}), and \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.41}).
A: word: datang	 gloss: come
B: word: bawa	 gloss: bring
C: word: panjang	 gloss: be.long
D: word: bawang	 gloss: onion
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... baru dia yang ___ Ø sama saya
Gloss (with missing item): ... and.then 3SG REL ___ ... to 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[I’d already forgotten who this gentleman was,] and then (it was) him (who) told (this story) to me’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: in the corpus (75/1,058 tokens – 7%). In most cases, the retained R is encoded as an oblique (49/75 tokens – 65%). This is demonstrated for \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in ({\ref{Example_11.39}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.40}), and \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.41}).
A: word: nika	 gloss: marry.officially
B: word: taw	 gloss: know
C: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
D: word: ceritra	 gloss: tell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ko ___ Ø sama kaka mantri, e?
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG ___ ... with oSb male.nurse eh
The English translation of this sentence is:‘give (the keys) to the older brother nurse, eh?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: in the corpus (75/1,058 tokens – 7%). In most cases, the retained R is encoded as an oblique (49/75 tokens – 65%). This is demonstrated for \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in ({\ref{Example_11.39}), \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’ in ({\ref{Example_11.40}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.41}).
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: kasi	 gloss: give
C: word: sakit	 gloss: be.sick
D: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e, ko bawa Ø ke sana, ko ___ Ø sama ade
Gloss (with missing item): hey! 2SG bring ... to L.DIST 2SG ___ ... to ySb
The English translation of this sentence is:[Talking to a young boy:] ‘hey, bring (the ball) over there, bring (the ball) to the younger sibling’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In constructions with elided T and retained R, the R is most often encoded by a nominal (56/75 tokens – 75%). This applies to oblique Rs (39/49 – 80%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.39}), as well as to direct-object Rs (17/26 – 65%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.43}). Retained pronominal Rs, by contrast, occur much less often (19/75 tokens – 25%), be they oblique Rs as in ({\ref{Example_11.40}), or direct-object Rs as in ({\ref{Example_11.42}). These distributional frequencies are discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: datang	 gloss: come
B: word: bawang	 gloss: onion
C: word: dengang	 gloss: with
D: word: bawa	 gloss: bring
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... baru dia yang ___ Ø sama saya
Gloss (with missing item): ... and.then 3SG REL ___ ... to 1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[I’d already forgotten who this gentleman was,] and then (it was) him (who) told (this story) to me’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In constructions with elided T and retained R, the R is most often encoded by a nominal (56/75 tokens – 75%). This applies to oblique Rs (39/49 – 80%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.39}), as well as to direct-object Rs (17/26 – 65%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.43}). Retained pronominal Rs, by contrast, occur much less often (19/75 tokens – 25%), be they oblique Rs as in ({\ref{Example_11.40}), or direct-object Rs as in ({\ref{Example_11.42}). These distributional frequencies are discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: rampas	 gloss: seize
B: word: ceritra	 gloss: tell
C: word: taw	 gloss: know
D: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... Matias nanti anjing, cepat, ko ___ Ø Ø dulu!
Gloss (with missing item): ... Matias very.soon dog be.fast 2SG ___ ... ... first
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[Matias, younger sister’s fish fell down,] Matias, very soon the dogs (will get it), quick, you fetch (your sister the fish)!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, \isi{elision} can also affect the R and the T at the same time. That is, both can be omitted at once if they are understood from the context. In the corpus, this applies to a substantial number of verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (382/1,160 tokens – 36%). This type of \isi{elision} is illustrated for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.44}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.45}), and \textitbf{kirim} ‘send’ in ({\ref{Example_11.46}).
A: word: kembali	 gloss: return
B: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
C: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
D: word: bilang	 gloss: say
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... de pu tete tanya dia, ko ___ Ø Ø di mana?
Gloss (with missing item): ... 3SG POSS grandfather ask 3SG 2SG ___ ... ... at where
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[when the grandchild emerged, he was holding a fried banana,] then his grandfather asked him, ``where did you buy (yourself the fried banana)?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, \isi{elision} can also affect the R and the T at the same time. That is, both can be omitted at once if they are understood from the context. In the corpus, this applies to a substantial number of verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (382/1,160 tokens – 36%). This type of \isi{elision} is illustrated for \textitbf{ambil} ‘fetch’ in ({\ref{Example_11.44}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.45}), and \textitbf{kirim} ‘send’ in ({\ref{Example_11.46}).
A: word: jual	 gloss: sell
B: word: bli~bli	 gloss: RDP~buy
C: word: bli	 gloss: buy
D: word: tanding	 gloss: compete
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): malam cuci pakeang ___ bersi jemur
Gloss (with missing item): night wash clothes ___ be.clean dry
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(if you have to do laundry at night time) wash (your clothes), clean (them, and hang them up) to dry’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantically, causatives with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ focus on the outcome of the causation or manipulation. Causatives with \textitbf{biking} ‘make’, by contrast, focus on the manipulation of circumstances that ultimately leads to the caused event or effect. This is shown with the contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.47}) and ({\ref{Example_11.48}) both of which are formed with \isi{monovalent} stative \textitbf{bersi} ‘be clean’. In ({\ref{Example_11.47}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___ bersi} ‘cause to be clean’ stresses the outcome of the washing process, namely that the clothes are clean. In the elicited example in ({\ref{Example_11.48}), by contrast, \textitbf{biking bersi} ‘make clean’ focuses on the manipulation itself, which leads to the effect that the clothes are clean.
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: jalang	 gloss: walk
C: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): malam cuci pakeang kasi ___ jemur
Gloss (with missing item): night wash clothes give ___ dry
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(if you have to do laundry at night time) wash (your clothes), clean (them, and hang them up) to dry’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantically, causatives with \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ focus on the outcome of the causation or manipulation. Causatives with \textitbf{biking} ‘make’, by contrast, focus on the manipulation of circumstances that ultimately leads to the caused event or effect. This is shown with the contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.47}) and ({\ref{Example_11.48}) both of which are formed with \isi{monovalent} stative \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be clean’. In ({\ref{Example_11.47}), \textitbf{kasi the morpheme ___} ‘cause to be clean’ stresses the outcome of the washing process, namely that the clothes are clean. In the elicited example in ({\ref{Example_11.48}), by contrast, \textitbf{biking the morpheme ___} ‘make clean’ focuses on the manipulation itself, which leads to the effect that the clothes are clean.
A: word: berdoa	 gloss: pray
B: word: paling	 gloss: most
C: word: bersi	 gloss: be.clean
D: word: kring	 gloss: be.dry
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): malam cuci pakeang ___ bersi jemur
Gloss (with missing item): night wash clothes ___ be.clean dry
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(if you have to do laundry at night time) wash (your clothes), clean (them, and hang them up) to dry’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantically, causatives with \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ focus on the outcome of the causation or manipulation. Causatives with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, by contrast, focus on the manipulation of circumstances that ultimately leads to the caused event or effect. This is shown with the contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.47}) and ({\ref{Example_11.48}) both of which are formed with \isi{monovalent} stative \textitbf{bersi} ‘be clean’. In ({\ref{Example_11.47}), \textitbf{kasi bersi} ‘cause to be clean’ stresses the outcome of the washing process, namely that the clothes are clean. In the elicited example in ({\ref{Example_11.48}), by contrast, \textitbf{the morpheme ___ bersi} ‘its gloss ___ clean’ focuses on the manipulation itself, which leads to the effect that the clothes are clean.
A: word: taru	 gloss: put
B: word: mungking	 gloss: maybe
C: word: biking	 gloss: make
D: word: bágus	 gloss: be.good
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 61:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): malam cuci pakeang biking ___ jemur
Gloss (with missing item): night wash clothes make ___ dry
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(if you have to do laundry at night time) wash (your clothes), clean (them, and hang them up) to dry’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Semantically, causatives with \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ focus on the outcome of the causation or manipulation. Causatives with \textitbf{biking} ‘make’, by contrast, focus on the manipulation of circumstances that ultimately leads to the caused event or effect. This is shown with the contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.47}) and ({\ref{Example_11.48}) both of which are formed with \isi{monovalent} stative \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be clean’. In ({\ref{Example_11.47}), \textitbf{kasi the morpheme ___} ‘cause to be clean’ stresses the outcome of the washing process, namely that the clothes are clean. In the elicited example in ({\ref{Example_11.48}), by contrast, \textitbf{biking the morpheme ___} ‘make clean’ focuses on the manipulation itself, which leads to the effect that the clothes are clean.
A: word: berdoa	 gloss: pray
B: word: kring	 gloss: be.dry
C: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
D: word: bersi	 gloss: be.clean
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D