cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 76:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... mama harus kas ___ kaki
Gloss (with missing item): ... mother have.to give ___ foot
The English translation of this sentence is:[Addressing someone with a bad knee:] ‘[you shouldn’t fold (your legs) under!,] you (‘mother’) have to stretch out (your) legs’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, in causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases, the agent of the caused event is demoted from its intransitive subject function (S) to the transitive object or \textsc{patient} (P) function, while the incoming causer takes the transitive subject or \textsc{agent} (A) function \citep[110–111]{Comrie.1989}. This strategy, which corresponds to \citegen[176]{Comrie.1989} mentioned \isi{causative} hierarchy, is also used in Papuan Malay causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases. This is illustrated with the monoclausal \isi{causative} constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}): causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.55}) and causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}). (Compare also with the biclausal \isi{causative} constructions in §\ref{Para_11.2.3}.)
A: word: paling	 gloss: most
B: word: panjang	 gloss: long
C: word: panjang~panjang	 gloss: RDP~be.long
D: word: badang	 gloss: body
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 77:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa di bawa, Roni ___ duduk sa di atas
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG at bottom Roni ___ sit 1SG at top
The English translation of this sentence is:[A ten-year old boy on a truck-trip:] ‘I was down (in the cargo area, but) Roni enabled me to sit on top (of the cab)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, in causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases, the agent of the caused event is demoted from its intransitive subject function (S) to the transitive object or \textsc{patient} (P) function, while the incoming causer takes the transitive subject or \textsc{agent} (A) function \citep[110–111]{Comrie.1989}. This strategy, which corresponds to \citegen[176]{Comrie.1989} mentioned \isi{causative} hierarchy, is also used in Papuan Malay causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases. This is illustrated with the monoclausal \isi{causative} constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}): causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.55}) and causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}). (Compare also with the biclausal \isi{causative} constructions in §\ref{Para_11.2.3}.)
A: word: motor	 gloss: motorbike
B: word: siap	 gloss: provide
C: word: kas	 gloss: give
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 78:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa di bawa, Roni kas ___ sa di atas
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG at bottom Roni give ___ 1SG at top
The English translation of this sentence is:[A ten-year old boy on a truck-trip:] ‘I was down (in the cargo area, but) Roni enabled me to sit on top (of the cab)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, in causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases, the agent of the caused event is demoted from its intranits gloss ___ive subject function (S) to the tranits gloss ___ive object or \textsc{patient} (P) function, while the incoming causer takes the tranits gloss ___ive subject or \textsc{agent} (A) function \citep[110–111]{Comrie.1989}. This strategy, which corresponds to \citegen[176]{Comrie.1989} mentioned \isi{causative} hierarchy, is also used in Papuan Malay causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases. This is illustrated with the monoclausal \isi{causative} constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}): causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.55}) and causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}). (Compare also with the biclausal \isi{causative} constructions in §\ref{Para_11.2.3}.)
A: word: játu	 gloss: fall
B: word: duduk~duduk	 gloss: RDP~sit
C: word: duduk	 gloss: sit
D: word: istirahat	 gloss: rest
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 79:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kam ___ kluar Dodo dari dalam meja situ!
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL ___ go.out Dodo from inside table L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a fearful person hiding under the table:] ‘you remove Dodo / enable Dodo to get out from under the table there!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, in causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases, the agent of the caused event is demoted from its intransitive subject function (S) to the transitive object or \textsc{patient} (P) function, while the incoming causer takes the transitive subject or \textsc{agent} (A) function \citep[110–111]{Comrie.1989}. This strategy, which corresponds to \citegen[176]{Comrie.1989} mentioned \isi{causative} hierarchy, is also used in Papuan Malay causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases. This is illustrated with the monoclausal \isi{causative} constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}): causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.55}) and causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}). (Compare also with the biclausal \isi{causative} constructions in §\ref{Para_11.2.3}.)
A: word: kas	 gloss: give
B: word: siap	 gloss: provide
C: word: makang	 gloss: eat
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 80:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kam kas ___ Dodo dari dalam meja situ!
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL give ___ Dodo from inside table L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a fearful person hiding under the table:] ‘you remove Dodo / enable Dodo to get out from under the table there!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, in causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases, the agent of the caused event is demoted from its intransitive subject function (S) to the transitive object or \textsc{patient} (P) function, while the incoming causer takes the transitive subject or \textsc{agent} (A) function \citep[110–111]{Comrie.1989}. This strategy, which corresponds to \citegen[176]{Comrie.1989} mentioned \isi{causative} hierarchy, is also used in Papuan Malay causatives with \isi{monovalent} bases. This is illustrated with the monoclausal \isi{causative} constructions in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}): causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.55}) and causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}). (Compare also with the biclausal \isi{causative} constructions in §\ref{Para_11.2.3}.)
A: word: kluarga	 gloss: family
B: word: pergi	 gloss: go
C: word: kluar	 gloss: go.out
D: word: punya	 gloss: 10pt
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 81:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... mama harus ___ panjang kaki
Gloss (with missing item): ... mother have.to ___ long foot
The English translation of this sentence is:[Addressing someone with a bad knee:] ‘[you shouldn’t fold (your legs) under!,] you (‘mother’) have to stretch out (your) legs’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases, the effect expression can be a stative \isi{verb} such as \textitbf{panjang} ‘be long’ in ({\ref{Example_11.52}), or a non-agentive dynamic \isi{verb} such as \textitbf{gugur} ‘fall (prematurely)’ in ({\ref{Example_11.54}). The resulting V\textsubscript{1}V\textsubscript{2} expressions function as transitive predicates.
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: panjang	 gloss: be.long
C: word: kasi	 gloss: give
D: word: kas	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 82:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... mama harus kas ___ kaki
Gloss (with missing item): ... mother have.to give ___ foot
The English translation of this sentence is:[Addressing someone with a bad knee:] ‘[you shouldn’t fold (your legs) under!,] you (‘mother’) have to stretch out (your) legs’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases, the effect expression can be a stative \isi{verb} such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.52}), or a non-agentive dynamic \isi{verb} such as \textitbf{gugur} ‘fall (prematurely)’ in ({\ref{Example_11.54}). The resulting V\textsubscript{1}V\textsubscript{2} expressions function as transitive predicates.
A: word: ketang	 gloss: crab
B: word: panjang	 gloss: long
C: word: dulu–ang	 gloss: be.prior–PAT
D: word: panjang~panjang	 gloss: RDP~be.long
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 83:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): perna dia {punya} pikirang untuk de mo ___ gugur Ø
Gloss (with missing item): ever 3SG have thought for 3SG want ___ fall(.prematurely) ...
The English translation of this sentence is:‘once she had the thought that she wanted to abort (the child)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases, the effect expression can be a stative \isi{verb} such as \textitbf{panjang} ‘be long’ in ({\ref{Example_11.52}), or a non-agentive dynamic \isi{verb} such as \textitbf{gugur} ‘fall (prematurely)’ in ({\ref{Example_11.54}). The resulting V\textsubscript{1}V\textsubscript{2} expressions function as transitive predicates.
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
C: word: kasi	 gloss: give
D: word: minta	 gloss: request
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 84:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): perna dia {punya} pikirang untuk de mo kasi ___ Ø
Gloss (with missing item): ever 3SG have thought for 3SG want give ___ ...
The English translation of this sentence is:‘once she had the thought that she wanted to abort (the child)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases, the effect expression can be a stative \isi{verb} such as \textitbf{panjang} ‘be long’ in ({\ref{Example_11.52}), or a non-agentive dynamic \isi{verb} such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘fall (prematurely)’ in ({\ref{Example_11.54}). The resulting V\textsubscript{1}V\textsubscript{2} expressions function as transitive predicates.
A: word: benci	 gloss: hate
B: word: jatu	 gloss: fall
C: word: tugu	 gloss: monument
D: word: gugur	 gloss: fall(.prematurely)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 85:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa di bawa, Roni ___ duduk sa di atas
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG at bottom Roni ___ sit 1SG at top
The English translation of this sentence is:[A ten-year old boy on a truck-trip:] ‘I was down (in the cargo area, but) Roni enabled me to sit on top (of the cab)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases, the effect expression is encoded by a \isi{monovalent} dynamic \isi{verb}, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}).
A: word: minta~minta	 gloss: RDP~request
B: word: kas	 gloss: give
C: word: siap	 gloss: provide
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 86:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa di bawa, Roni kas ___ sa di atas
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG at bottom Roni give ___ 1SG at top
The English translation of this sentence is:[A ten-year old boy on a truck-trip:] ‘I was down (in the cargo area, but) Roni enabled me to sit on top (of the cab)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases, the effect expression is encoded by a \isi{monovalent} dynamic \isi{verb}, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}).
A: word: duduk~duduk	 gloss: RDP~sit
B: word: mara	 gloss: feel.angry(.about)
C: word: istirahat	 gloss: rest
D: word: duduk	 gloss: sit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 87:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kam ___ kluar Dodo dari dalam meja situ!
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL ___ go.out Dodo from inside table L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a fearful person hiding under the table:] ‘you remove Dodo / enable Dodo to get out from under the table there!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases, the effect expression is encoded by a \isi{monovalent} dynamic \isi{verb}, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}).
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: kas	 gloss: give
C: word: kasi	 gloss: give
D: word: dapat	 gloss: get
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 88:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kam kas ___ Dodo dari dalam meja situ!
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL give ___ Dodo from inside table L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a fearful person hiding under the table:] ‘you remove Dodo / enable Dodo to get out from under the table there!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases, the effect expression is encoded by a \isi{monovalent} dynamic \isi{verb}, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.56}) to ({\ref{Example_11.59}).
A: word: kas	 gloss: give
B: word: pergi	 gloss: go
C: word: kluar	 gloss: go.out
D: word: kluarga	 gloss: family
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 89:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... mama harus ___ panjang kaki
Gloss (with missing item): ... mother have.to ___ long foot
The English translation of this sentence is:[Addressing someone with a bad knee:] ‘[you shouldn’t fold (your legs) under!,] you (‘mother’) have to stretch out (your) legs’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases, as in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.55}), the causer controls the event while the causee has no control. Hence, these causatives always receive a directive reading. Likewise, causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases receive a directive reading when the causee is inanimate, or animate but helpless. This is the case in ({\ref{Example_11.57}) and ({\ref{Example_11.58}). When, by contrast, the causee has some level of control, as in ({\ref{Example_11.56}), the causation is less direct; hence, the \isi{causative} receives an assistive reading. Sometimes, however, the reading of a \isi{causative} is ambiguous, as in ({\ref{Example_11.59}). If the causee \textitbf{Dodo} is unconscious out of fear and thereby helpless, the \isi{causative} receives the directive reading ‘remove’. But if \textitbf{Dodo} is conscious and can move, the \isi{causative} receives the assistive reading ‘enable to come out’.
A: word: kasi	 gloss: give
B: word: siap	 gloss: provide
C: word: tanding	 gloss: compete
D: word: kas	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 90:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... mama harus kas ___ kaki
Gloss (with missing item): ... mother have.to give ___ foot
The English translation of this sentence is:[Addressing someone with a bad knee:] ‘[you shouldn’t fold (your legs) under!,] you (‘mother’) have to stretch out (your) legs’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In causatives with \isi{monovalent} non-agentive bases, as in ({\ref{Example_11.52}) to ({\ref{Example_11.55}), the causer controls the event while the causee has no control. Hence, these causatives always receive a directive reading. Likewise, causatives with \isi{monovalent} agentive bases receive a directive reading when the causee is inanimate, or animate but helpless. This is the case in ({\ref{Example_11.57}) and ({\ref{Example_11.58}). When, by contrast, the causee has some level of control, as in ({\ref{Example_11.56}), the causation is less direct; hence, the \isi{causative} receives an assistive reading. Sometimes, however, the reading of a \isi{causative} is ambiguous, as in ({\ref{Example_11.59}). If the causee \textitbf{Dodo} is unconscious out of fear and thereby helpless, the \isi{causative} receives the directive reading ‘remove’. But if \textitbf{Dodo} is conscious and can move, the \isi{causative} receives the assistive reading ‘enable to come out’.
A: word: panjang~panjang	 gloss: RDP~be.long
B: word: panjang	 gloss: long
C: word: kluar	 gloss: go.out
D: word: pótong	 gloss: cut
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B