cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 164:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru kitong mulay baku ___
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 1PL start RECP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘and then we...started taking motorbike taxis together’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'' constructions with a reciprocal reading are characterized by a reduction in syntactic \isi{valency}, which corresponds to the reduction in semantic \isi{valency}: with both participants being encoded by the clausal subject, the object that typically encodes a second participant is deleted. This is shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.82}); reciprocals with a sociative reading are given in ({\ref{Example_11.83}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}).
A: word: dayung	 gloss: row
B: word: bunuuu	 gloss: kill
C: word: ejek~ejek	 gloss: RDP~mock
D: word: ojek	 gloss: take.motorbike.taxi
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 165:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aksamina deng Klara dong dua ___ rampas bola
Gloss (with missing item): Aksamina with Klara 3PL two ___ seize ball
The English translation of this sentence is:‘both Aksamina and Klara tackled the ball together’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'' constructions with a reciprocal reading are characterized by a reduction in syntactic \isi{valency}, which corresponds to the reduction in semantic \isi{valency}: with both participants being encoded by the clausal subject, the object that typically encodes a second participant is deleted. This is shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.82}); reciprocals with a sociative reading are given in ({\ref{Example_11.83}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}).
A: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
B: word: banggakang	 gloss: praise
C: word: panjang	 gloss: be.long
D: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 166:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aksamina deng Klara dong dua baku ___ bola
Gloss (with missing item): Aksamina with Klara 3PL two RECP ___ ball
The English translation of this sentence is:‘both Aksamina and Klara tackled the ball together’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'' constructions with a reciprocal reading are characterized by a reduction in syntactic \isi{valency}, which corresponds to the reduction in semantic \isi{valency}: with both participants being encoded by the clausal subject, the object that typically encodes a second participant is deleted. This is shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.82}); reciprocals with a sociative reading are given in ({\ref{Example_11.83}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}).
A: word: nika	 gloss: marry.officially
B: word: ampas	 gloss: waste
C: word: rampas	 gloss: seize
D: word: pen–curi	 gloss: AG–steal
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 167:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aksamina deng Klara dong dua baku rampas ___
Gloss (with missing item): Aksamina with Klara 3PL two RECP seize ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘both Aksamina and Klara tackled the ball together’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'' constructions with a reciprocal reading are characterized by a reduction in syntactic \isi{valency}, which corresponds to the reduction in semantic \isi{valency}: with both participants being encoded by the clausal subject, the object that typically encodes a second participant is deleted. This is shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.82}); reciprocals with a sociative reading are given in ({\ref{Example_11.83}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}).
A: word: umpang	 gloss: pass.ball
B: word: potong	 gloss: cut
C: word: bola	 gloss: ball
D: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 168:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Markus deng Yan dong ___ ceritra
Gloss (with missing item): Markus with Yan 3SG ___ tell
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they Markus and Yan were talking to each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Typically, the \isi{verbal base} in a ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'' construction is \isi{bivalent} (80/86 reciprocals – 93%); the corpus also contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’. Examples are given in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.79}). These examples show that the bases can have reciprocal/bidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{cium} ‘kiss’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or nonreciprocal/unidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{benci} ‘hate’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}). (Reciprocals with \isi{monovalent} bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and ({\ref{Example_11.81}).)
A: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
B: word: rampas	 gloss: seize
C: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
D: word: barce	 gloss: Barce
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 169:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Markus deng Yan dong baku ___
Gloss (with missing item): Markus with Yan 3SG RECP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they Markus and Yan were talking to each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Typically, the \isi{verbal base} in a ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'' construction is \isi{bivalent} (80/86 reciprocals – 93%); the corpus also contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’. Examples are given in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.79}). These examples show that the bases can have reciprocal/bidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{cium} ‘kiss’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or nonreciprocal/unidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{benci} ‘hate’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}). (Reciprocals with \isi{monovalent} bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and ({\ref{Example_11.81}).)
A: word: taw	 gloss: know
B: word: ceritra	 gloss: tell
C: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
D: word: makang	 gloss: eat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 170:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu tida bole ___ benci, tida bole baku mara
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL NEG may ___ hate NEG may RECP feel.angry(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you must not hate each other, (you) must not feel angry with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Typically, the \isi{verbal base} in a ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'' construction is \isi{bivalent} (80/86 reciprocals – 93%); the corpus also contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’. Examples are given in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.79}). These examples show that the bases can have reciprocal/bidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{cium} ‘kiss’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or nonreciprocal/unidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{benci} ‘hate’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}). (Reciprocals with \isi{monovalent} bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and ({\ref{Example_11.81}).)
A: word: bagus	 gloss: be.good
B: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
C: word: papua-lima	 gloss: Papua-Lima
D: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 171:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu tida bole baku ___ tida bole baku mara
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL NEG may RECP ___ NEG may RECP feel.angry(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you must not hate each other, (you) must not feel angry with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Typically, the \isi{verbal base} in a ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'' construction is \isi{bivalent} (80/86 reciprocals – 93%); the corpus also contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’. Examples are given in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.79}). These examples show that the bases can have reciprocal/bidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{cium} ‘kiss’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or nonreciprocal/unidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}). (Reciprocals with \isi{monovalent} bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and ({\ref{Example_11.81}).)
A: word: melawang	 gloss: oppose
B: word: benci	 gloss: hate
C: word: bagus	 gloss: be.good
D: word: pencuri	 gloss: thief/steal
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 172:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu tida bole baku benci, tida bole ___ mara
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL NEG may RECP hate NEG may ___ feel.angry(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you must not hate each other, (you) must not feel angry with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Typically, the \isi{verbal base} in a ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'' construction is \isi{bivalent} (80/86 reciprocals – 93%); the corpus also contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’. Examples are given in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.79}). These examples show that the bases can have reciprocal/bidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{cium} ‘kiss’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or nonreciprocal/unidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{benci} ‘hate’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}). (Reciprocals with \isi{monovalent} bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and ({\ref{Example_11.81}).)
A: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
B: word: manusia	 gloss: human.being
C: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
D: word: bertahang	 gloss: hold.(out/back)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 173:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu tida bole baku benci, tida bole baku ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL NEG may RECP hate NEG may RECP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you must not hate each other, (you) must not feel angry with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Typically, the \isi{verbal base} in a ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'' construction is \isi{bivalent} (80/86 reciprocals – 93%); the corpus also contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’. Examples are given in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.79}). These examples show that the bases can have reciprocal/bidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{cium} ‘kiss’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or nonreciprocal/unidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{benci} ‘hate’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}). (Reciprocals with \isi{monovalent} bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and ({\ref{Example_11.81}).)
A: word: mara	 gloss: feel.angry(.about)
B: word: tenggelam	 gloss: sink
C: word: motor	 gloss: motorbike
D: word: mara~mara	 gloss: RDP~feel.angry(.about)
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 174:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dong ada brapa orang itu ___ tanding rekam
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL exist several person D.DIST ___ compete record
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they were (indeed) several people (who) were competing with each other to record (their songs)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Typically, the \isi{verbal base} in a ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'' construction is \isi{bivalent} (80/86 reciprocals – 93%); the corpus also contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’. Examples are given in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.79}). These examples show that the bases can have reciprocal/bidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{cium} ‘kiss’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or nonreciprocal/unidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{benci} ‘hate’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}). (Reciprocals with \isi{monovalent} bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and ({\ref{Example_11.81}).)
A: word: ketemu	 gloss: meet
B: word: halamang	 gloss: yard
C: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
D: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 175:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dong ada brapa orang itu baku ___ rekam
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL exist several person D.DIST RECP ___ record
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they were (indeed) several people (who) were competing with each other to record (their songs)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Typically, the \isi{verbal base} in a ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'' construction is \isi{bivalent} (80/86 reciprocals – 93%); the corpus also contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’. Examples are given in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.79}). These examples show that the bases can have reciprocal/bidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{cium} ‘kiss’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or nonreciprocal/unidirectional semantics such as \textitbf{benci} ‘hate’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}). (Reciprocals with \isi{monovalent} bases are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and ({\ref{Example_11.81}).)
A: word: balap	 gloss: race
B: word: minta	 gloss: request
C: word: tanding	 gloss: compete
D: word: mandi	 gloss: bathe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 176:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Markus deng Yan dong ___ ceritra
Gloss (with missing item): Markus with Yan 3SG ___ tell
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they Markus and Yan were talking to each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: ‘they Markus and Yan were \bluebold{talking to each other}’ \textstyleExampleSource{[Elicited BR130601.001]}\footnote{The corpus contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{ceritra} ‘tell’, similar to the elicited one in (\ref{Example_11.79}). For the most part, however, the original utterance it unclear, as the speaker mumbles.} \\
A: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
B: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
C: word: srej	 gloss: lemongrass
D: word: tabrak	 gloss: hit.against
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 177:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Markus deng Yan dong baku ___
Gloss (with missing item): Markus with Yan 3SG RECP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they Markus and Yan were talking to each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: ‘they Markus and Yan were \bluebold{talking to each other}’ \textstyleExampleSource{[Elicited BR130601.001]}\footnote{The corpus contains one \isi{reciprocal construction} formed with \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, similar to the elicited one in (\ref{Example_11.79}). For the most part, however, the original utterance it unclear, as the speaker mumbles.} \\
A: word: motor	 gloss: motorbike
B: word: ceritra	 gloss: tell
C: word: taw	 gloss: know
D: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 178:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dong ada brapa orang itu ___ tanding rekam
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL exist several person D.DIST ___ compete record
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they were (indeed) several people (who) were competing with each other to record (their songs)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'' constructions with \isi{monovalent} dynamic bases are also possible, but rare. Of the attested 86 simple reciprocals, only five are formed with \isi{monovalent} verbs (6%), namely with \textitbf{bertengkar} ‘quarrel’ (1 token), \textitbf{saing} ‘compete’ (1 token), \textitbf{tampil} ‘perform’ (2 tokens), and \textitbf{tanding} ‘compete’ (1 token) (none of the four verbs occurs in a discontinuous \isi{reciprocal construction}). Examples are given for \textitbf{saing} ‘compete’ in ({\ref{Example_11.80}) and for \textitbf{tanding} ‘compete’ in ({\ref{Example_11.81}).
A: word: besar~besar	 gloss: RDP~be.big
B: word: lari	 gloss: run
C: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
D: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D