cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pi ___ bola sama ade
Gloss (with missing item): go ___ ball to ySb
The English translation of this sentence is:[Talking to a young boy:] ‘go (and) fetch the ball for the younger sibling!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay oblique constructions, it is always the R that is expressed as an oblique, with the R following the T, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) to ({\ref{Example_11.32}). Overall, however, \isi{R-type oblique} constructions are not very common. The corpus contains only 41 R-type obliques among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (3.5%). Moreover, in the corpus, R-type obliques are not attested for all seven verbs (the examples for \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in ({\ref{Example_11.27}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.28}), and \textitbf{kirim} ‘send’ in ({\ref{Example_11.31}) are elicited). Most R-type obliques are introduced with the benefactive prepositions \textitbf{buat} ‘for’ or \textitbf{untuk} ‘for’ (26/41 tokens – 63%), while the remaining 15 R-type obliques are formed with \isi{goal-oriented} \textitbf{sama} ‘to’. (The semantics of the three prepositions are discussed in §\ref{Para_10.2}.)
A: word: emosi	 gloss: feel.angry(.about)
B: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
C: word: kembali	 gloss: return
D: word: bilang	 gloss: say
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de bilang, yo, sa ___ maaf sama paytua
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG say yes 1SG ___ pardon to husband
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he said, ``yes, I beg pardon of (your) husband'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay oblique constructions, it is always the R that is expressed as an oblique, with the R following the T, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) to ({\ref{Example_11.32}). Overall, however, \isi{R-type oblique} constructions are not very common. The corpus contains only 41 R-type obliques among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (3.5%). Moreover, in the corpus, R-type obliques are not attested for all seven verbs (the examples for \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in ({\ref{Example_11.27}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.28}), and \textitbf{kirim} ‘send’ in ({\ref{Example_11.31}) are elicited). Most R-type obliques are introduced with the benefactive prepositions \textitbf{buat} ‘for’ or \textitbf{untuk} ‘for’ (26/41 tokens – 63%), while the remaining 15 R-type obliques are formed with \isi{goal-oriented} \textitbf{sama} ‘to’. (The semantics of the three prepositions are discussed in §\ref{Para_10.2}.)
A: word: tanya	 gloss: ask
B: word: motor	 gloss: motorbike
C: word: minta	 gloss: request
D: word: minta~minta	 gloss: RDP~request
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kemaring Lukas de ___ kayu bakar buat Dodo dorang
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday Lukas 3SG ___ wood burn for Dodo 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘yesterday Lukas brought fire wood to Dodo and his associates for their benefit’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay oblique constructions, it is always the R that is expressed as an oblique, with the R following the T, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) to ({\ref{Example_11.32}). Overall, however, \isi{R-type oblique} constructions are not very common. The corpus contains only 41 R-type obliques among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (3.5%). Moreover, in the corpus, R-type obliques are not attested for all seven verbs (the examples for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.27}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.28}), and \textitbf{kirim} ‘send’ in ({\ref{Example_11.31}) are elicited). Most R-type obliques are introduced with the benefactive prepositions \textitbf{buat} ‘for’ or \textitbf{untuk} ‘for’ (26/41 tokens – 63%), while the remaining 15 R-type obliques are formed with \isi{goal-oriented} \textitbf{sama} ‘to’. (The semantics of the three prepositions are discussed in §\ref{Para_10.2}.)
A: word: kirim	 gloss: send
B: word: datang	 gloss: come
C: word: bawa	 gloss: bring
D: word: bawang	 gloss: onion
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa de su ___ baju natal buat sa pu ade
Gloss (with missing item): father 3SG already ___ shirt Christmas for 1SG POSS ySb
The English translation of this sentence is:‘father already bought a Christmas shirt for my younger sibling’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay othe morpheme ___que constructions, it is always the R that is expressed as an othe morpheme ___que, with the R following the T, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) to ({\ref{Example_11.32}). Overall, however, \isi{R-type othe morpheme ___que} constructions are not very common. The corpus contains only 41 R-type othe morpheme ___ques among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (3.5%). Moreover, in the corpus, R-type othe morpheme ___ques are not attested for all seven verbs (the examples for \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in ({\ref{Example_11.27}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.28}), and \textitbf{kirim} ‘send’ in ({\ref{Example_11.31}) are elicited). Most R-type othe morpheme ___ques are introduced with the benefactive prepositions \textitbf{buat} ‘for’ or \textitbf{untuk} ‘for’ (26/41 tokens – 63%), while the remaining 15 R-type othe morpheme ___ques are formed with \isi{goal-oriented} \textitbf{sama} ‘to’. (The semantics of the three prepositions are discussed in §\ref{Para_10.2}.)
A: word: bli	 gloss: buy
B: word: ana	 gloss: child
C: word: jual	 gloss: sell
D: word: bli~bli	 gloss: RDP~buy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaka dorang su ___ uang banyak sama dong pu mama
Gloss (with missing item): oSb 3PL already ___ money many to 3PL POSS mother
The English translation of this sentence is:‘older sibling and his/her associates already sent lots of money to their mother’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay oblique constructions, it is always the R that is expressed as an oblique, with the R following the T, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) to ({\ref{Example_11.32}). Overall, however, \isi{R-type oblique} constructions are not very common. The corpus contains only 41 R-type obliques among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (3.5%). Moreover, in the corpus, R-type obliques are not attested for all seven verbs (the examples for \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in ({\ref{Example_11.27}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.28}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.31}) are elicited). Most R-type obliques are introduced with the benefactive prepositions \textitbf{buat} ‘for’ or \textitbf{untuk} ‘for’ (26/41 tokens – 63%), while the remaining 15 R-type obliques are formed with \isi{goal-oriented} \textitbf{sama} ‘to’. (The semantics of the three prepositions are discussed in §\ref{Para_10.2}.)
A: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
B: word: kiri	 gloss: left
C: word: antar	 gloss: deliver
D: word: kirim	 gloss: send
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pi ___ bola sama ade
Gloss (with missing item): go ___ ball to ySb
The English translation of this sentence is:[Talking to a young boy:] ‘go (and) fetch the ball for the younger sibling!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the \isi{R-type oblique} constructions in the corpus, the R is most often encoded by a \isi{noun} or a \isi{noun} phrase, namely in 28/41 attested constructions (68%), as for instance in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) and ({\ref{Example_11.27}). In the remaining 13 constructions (32%), the R is encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun}, as in ({\ref{Example_11.29}) or ({\ref{Example_11.30}). The distributional frequencies and possible explanations for them are further discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
B: word: kembali	 gloss: return
C: word: kepiting	 gloss: crab
D: word: bilang	 gloss: say
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kemaring Lukas de ___ kayu bakar buat Dodo dorang
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday Lukas 3SG ___ wood burn for Dodo 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘yesterday Lukas brought fire wood to Dodo and his associates for their benefit’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the \isi{R-type oblique} constructions in the corpus, the R is most often encoded by a \isi{noun} or a \isi{noun} phrase, namely in 28/41 attested constructions (68%), as for instance in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) and ({\ref{Example_11.27}). In the remaining 13 constructions (32%), the R is encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun}, as in ({\ref{Example_11.29}) or ({\ref{Example_11.30}). The distributional frequencies and possible explanations for them are further discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: pótong	 gloss: cut
B: word: datang	 gloss: come
C: word: bawa	 gloss: bring
D: word: bawang	 gloss: onion
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... nanti sa ___ ini sama dia
Gloss (with missing item): ... very.soon 1SG ___ D.PROX to 3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[when he has returned home,] then I’ll tell this to him’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the \isi{R-type oblique} constructions in the corpus, the R is most often encoded by a \isi{noun} or a \isi{noun} phrase, namely in 28/41 attested constructions (68%), as for instance in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) and ({\ref{Example_11.27}). In the remaining 13 constructions (32%), the R is encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun}, as in ({\ref{Example_11.29}) or ({\ref{Example_11.30}). The distributional frequencies and possible explanations for them are further discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: ketang	 gloss: crab
B: word: ceritrakang	 gloss: tell
C: word: ceritra	 gloss: tell
D: word: taw	 gloss: know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa ___ hadia untuk kamu kalo kam kenal bapa
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ___ gift for 2PL if 2PL know father
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I’ll give a gift to you for your benefit if you recognize me (‘father’)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the \isi{R-type oblique} constructions in the corpus, the R is most often encoded by a \isi{noun} or a \isi{noun} phrase, namely in 28/41 attested constructions (68%), as for instance in ({\ref{Example_11.26}) and ({\ref{Example_11.27}). In the remaining 13 constructions (32%), the R is encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun}, as in ({\ref{Example_11.29}) or ({\ref{Example_11.30}). The distributional frequencies and possible explanations for them are further discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
B: word: kasi	 gloss: give
C: word: siap	 gloss: provide
D: word: bli	 gloss: buy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mama nanti ___ [Sofia pu ijasa SD]
Gloss (with missing item): mother very.soon ___ Sofia POSS diploma primary.school
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later you (‘mother’) fetch the primary school diploma for Sofia’ (Lit. ‘Sofia’s primary school diploma’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, speakers use adnominal possessive constructions when the T is \isi{definite}. The corpus includes 14 such constructions among the 1,160 clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.2%). Examples are given for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.34}), and \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.35}). In each case, the possessor denotes the benefiting R of the event expressed by the \isi{verb}; the possessum denotes the T as the anticipated object of possession. In the corpus, the possessor is typically encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun} (13/14 tokens – 93%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.34}) and ({\ref{Example_11.35}). Only in one construction, presented in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), the possessor is expressed with a \isi{noun}, namely the \isi{proper noun} \textitbf{Sofia}. (Adnominal possession is described in detail in \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
B: word: kembali	 gloss: return
C: word: dapat	 gloss: get
D: word: bilang	 gloss: say
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dia punya ulang-taung kita ___ [de punya pakeang ulang-taung]
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG POSS birthday 1PL ___ 3SG POSS clothes birthday
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(for) her birthday we buy birthday clothes for her’ (Lit. ‘her birthday clothes’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, speakers use adnominal possessive constructions when the T is \isi{definite}. The corpus includes 14 such constructions among the 1,160 clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.2%). Examples are given for \textitbf{ambil} ‘fetch’ in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.34}), and \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.35}). In each case, the possessor denotes the benefiting R of the event expressed by the \isi{verb}; the possessum denotes the T as the anticipated object of possession. In the corpus, the possessor is typically encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun} (13/14 tokens – 93%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.34}) and ({\ref{Example_11.35}). Only in one construction, presented in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), the possessor is expressed with a \isi{noun}, namely the \isi{proper noun} \textitbf{Sofia}. (Adnominal possession is described in detail in \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: bli	 gloss: buy
B: word: bli~bli	 gloss: RDP~buy
C: word: jual	 gloss: sell
D: word: ikang	 gloss: fish
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ibu distrik de ___ [kitong dua pu uang ojek]
Gloss (with missing item): woman district 3SG ___ 1PL two POSS money motorbike.taxi
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Ms. District gave us two money for the motorbike taxis’ (Lit. ‘our two motorbike taxi money’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, speakers use adnominal possessive constructions when the T is \isi{definite}. The corpus includes 14 such constructions among the 1,160 clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.2%). Examples are its gloss ___n for \textitbf{ambil} ‘fetch’ in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’ in ({\ref{Example_11.34}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.35}). In each case, the possessor denotes the benefiting R of the event expressed by the \isi{verb}; the possessum denotes the T as the anticipated object of possession. In the corpus, the possessor is typically encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun} (13/14 tokens – 93%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.34}) and ({\ref{Example_11.35}). Only in one construction, presented in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), the possessor is expressed with a \isi{noun}, namely the \isi{proper noun} \textitbf{Sofia}. (Adnominal possession is described in detail in \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: panjang	 gloss: be.long
C: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dia punya ulang-taung kita ___ [de punya pakeang ulang-taung]
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG POSS birthday 1PL ___ 3SG POSS clothes birthday
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(for) her birthday we buy birthday clothes for her’ (Lit. ‘her birthday clothes’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, speakers use adnominal possessive constructions when the T is \isi{definite}. The corpus includes 14 such constructions among the 1,160 clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.2%). Examples are given for \textitbf{ambil} ‘fetch’ in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.34}), and \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.35}). In each case, the possessor denotes the benefiting R of the event expressed by the \isi{verb}; the possessum denotes the T as the anticipated object of possession. In the corpus, the possessor is typically encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun} (13/14 tokens – 93%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.34}) and ({\ref{Example_11.35}). Only in one construction, presented in ({\ref{Example_11.33}), the possessor is expressed with a \isi{noun}, namely the \isi{proper noun} \textitbf{Sofia}. (Adnominal possession is described in detail in \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: bli~bli	 gloss: RDP~buy
B: word: laing	 gloss: be.different
C: word: bli	 gloss: buy
D: word: jual	 gloss: sell
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C