cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 227:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa pu ___ ada
Gloss (with missing item): father POSS ___ exist
The English translation of this sentence is:[Reply to a question:] ‘father had a motorbike’ (Lit. ‘father’s motorbike exists’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A second function of postposed \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ is to designate possession of a \isi{definite} or identifiable possessum, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.102}) and ({\ref{Example_11.103}). To convey the notion of possession the theme is expressed in an \isi{adnominal possessive construction}, such that ``\textsc{possessive} \textsc{np} \textsc{exist}s'' or ``\textsc{possessor} has the \textsc{possessum}''. The clause in ({\ref{Example_11.102}) asserts the known existence of \textitbf{bapa pu the morpheme ___} ‘father’s the morpheme ___bike’. In this \isi{adnominal possessive construction}, the \isi{possessor \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ modifies the identifiable \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘the morpheme ___bike’; both constituents are linked with the possessive marker \textitbf{pu} ‘\textsc{poss}’. The same applies to the clause in ({\ref{Example_11.103}) which signals possession of the \isi{definite} \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{dana} ‘funds’. (Adnominal possessive relations are discussed in detail in \chapref{Para_9}. Possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum is expressed with a \isi{two-argument existential clause} or with a nominal clause, as described in §\ref{Para_11.4.2} and §\ref{Para_12.2}, respectively.)
A: word: kitorang	 gloss: 1PL
B: word: menyanyi	 gloss: sing
C: word: motor	 gloss: motorbike
D: word: ojek	 gloss: motorbike.taxi
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 228:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pu motor ada
Gloss (with missing item): ___ POSS motorbike exist
The English translation of this sentence is:[Reply to a question:] ‘father had a motorbike’ (Lit. ‘father’s motorbike exists’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A second function of postposed \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ is to designate possession of a \isi{definite} or identifiable possessum, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.102}) and ({\ref{Example_11.103}). To convey the notion of possession the theme is expressed in an \isi{adnominal possessive construction}, such that ``\textsc{possessive} \textsc{np} \textsc{exist}s'' or ``\textsc{possessor} has the \textsc{possessum}''. The clause in ({\ref{Example_11.102}) asserts the known existence of \textitbf{the morpheme ___ pu motor} ‘its gloss ___’s motorbike’. In this \isi{adnominal possessive construction}, the \isi{possessor \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ modifies the identifiable \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{motor} ‘motorbike’; both constituents are linked with the possessive marker \textitbf{pu} ‘\textsc{poss}’. The same applies to the clause in ({\ref{Example_11.103}) which signals possession of the \isi{definite} \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{dana} ‘funds’. (Adnominal possessive relations are discussed in detail in \chapref{Para_9}. Possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum is expressed with a \isi{two-argument existential clause} or with a nominal clause, as described in §\ref{Para_11.4.2} and §\ref{Para_12.2}, respectively.)
A: word: tete	 gloss: grandfather
B: word: bapa	 gloss: father
C: word: panjang	 gloss: be.long
D: word: bapa-ade	 gloss: uncle
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 229:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa ___ motor ada
Gloss (with missing item): father ___ motorbike exist
The English translation of this sentence is:[Reply to a question:] ‘father had a motorbike’ (Lit. ‘father’s motorbike exists’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A second function of postposed \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ is to designate possession of a \isi{definite} or identifiable possessum, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.102}) and ({\ref{Example_11.103}). To convey the notion of possession the theme is expressed in an \isi{adnominal possessive construction}, such that ``\textsc{possessive} \textsc{np} \textsc{exist}s'' or ``\textsc{possessor} has the \textsc{possessum}''. The clause in ({\ref{Example_11.102}) asserts the known existence of \textitbf{bapa the morpheme ___ motor} ‘father’s motorbike’. In this \isi{adnominal possessive construction}, the \isi{possessor \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ modifies the identifiable \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{motor} ‘motorbike’; both constituents are linked with the possessive marker \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{poss}’. The same applies to the clause in ({\ref{Example_11.103}) which signals possession of the \isi{definite} \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{dana} ‘funds’. (Adnominal possessive relations are discussed in detail in \chapref{Para_9}. Possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum is expressed with a \isi{two-argument existential clause} or with a nominal clause, as described in §\ref{Para_11.4.2} and §\ref{Para_12.2}, respectively.)
A: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
B: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
C: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
D: word: ada	 gloss: exist
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 230:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa pu ___ ada
Gloss (with missing item): father POSS ___ exist
The English translation of this sentence is:[Reply to a question:] ‘father had a motorbike’ (Lit. ‘father’s motorbike exists’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A second function of postposed \textitbf{ada} ‘exist’ is to designate possession of a \isi{definite} or identifiable possessum, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.102}) and ({\ref{Example_11.103}). To convey the notion of possession the theme is expressed in an \isi{adnominal possessive construction}, such that ``\textsc{possessive} \textsc{np} \textsc{exist}s'' or ``\textsc{possessor} has the \textsc{possessum}''. The clause in ({\ref{Example_11.102}) asserts the known existence of \textitbf{bapa pu the morpheme ___} ‘father’s the morpheme ___bike’. In this \isi{adnominal possessive construction}, the \isi{possessor \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ modifies the identifiable \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘the morpheme ___bike’; both constituents are linked with the possessive marker \textitbf{pu} ‘\textsc{poss}’. The same applies to the clause in ({\ref{Example_11.103}) which signals possession of the \isi{definite} \isi{possessum \isi{noun} phrase} \textitbf{dana} ‘funds’. (Adnominal possessive relations are discussed in detail in \chapref{Para_9}. Possession of an \isi{indefinite} possessum is expressed with a \isi{two-argument existential clause} or with a nominal clause, as described in §\ref{Para_11.4.2} and §\ref{Para_12.2}, respectively.)
A: word: kitorang	 gloss: 1PL
B: word: sembu	 gloss: be.healed
C: word: motor	 gloss: motorbike
D: word: ojek	 gloss: motorbike.taxi
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 231:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ø ___ de punya dana sendiri
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ 3SG have fund be.alone
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(the funding department) exists, it has its own funding’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the theme can be inferred from the context it can also be omitted as in ({\ref{Example_11.104}). In this example, the omitted theme is \textitbf{bagiang dana} ‘funding department’. Having been presented in the previous clause, it is now omitted, which leaves \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ as the sole constituent of the \isi{its gloss ___ential clause}.
A: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
B: word: badang	 gloss: body
C: word: ada	 gloss: exist
D: word: deng	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 232:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ___ di situ, Martina ada di situ
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG ___ at L.MED Martina exist at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she was (being) there, Martina was (being) there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable its gloss ___ential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of its gloss ___ential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: mati	 gloss: die
B: word: ada	 gloss: exist
C: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
D: word: badang	 gloss: body
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 233:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ada di situ, Martina ___ di situ
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG exist at L.MED Martina ___ at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘she was (being) there, Martina was (being) there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable its gloss ___ential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of its gloss ___ential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: badang	 gloss: body
B: word: ada	 gloss: exist
C: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
D: word: tinggi	 gloss: be.high
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 234:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... pace de tulis di kertas, suda, situ de ___ de su biking daftar
Gloss (with missing item): ... man 3SG write at paper already L.MED 3SG ___ 3SG already make list
The English translation of this sentence is:[Enrolling for a sports team:] ‘[Herman gave his name,] the man wrote (it) on a paper, that’s it, there it was!, he (the man) had already made a list’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable its gloss ___ential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of its gloss ___ential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: kluar	 gloss: go.out
B: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
C: word: ada	 gloss: exist
D: word: badang	 gloss: body
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 235:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... pace de tulis di kertas, suda, situ de ___ de su biking daftar
Gloss (with missing item): ... man 3SG write at paper already L.MED 3SG ___ 3SG already make list
The English translation of this sentence is:[Enrolling for a sports team:] ‘[Herman gave his name,] the man wrote (it) on a paper, that’s it, there it was!, he (the man) had already made a list’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Definite or identifiable its gloss ___ential clauses also co-occur with prepositional phrases, such as the \isi{locational} phrase \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}). This clause can be analyzed in two ways. One analysis is that of an \isi{its gloss ___ential clause} with a \isi{locational} adjunct which gives additional information about the theme’s current location. This analysis is substantiated by the contrastive example in ({\ref{Example_11.106}), in which \textitbf{situ} ‘\textsc{l.med}’ is fronted to the clause-initial position. This possibility of fronting the \isi{prepositional phrase} is typical for adjuncts. In ({\ref{Example_11.106}) the fronting serves to emphasize the location (concerning the rather common \isi{elision} of \isi{locative} \textitbf{di} ‘at’, see §\ref{Para_10.1.5}). An alternative analysis of ({\ref{Example_11.105}) is that of a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} with progressive reading. This analysis is substantiated with the (near) contrastive examples in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) to ({\ref{Example_11.109}). The example in ({\ref{Example_11.107}) presents a non\isi{verbal clause} in which \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’ serves as the predicate. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.108}) shows how a \isi{prepositional predicate clause} can undergo aspectual \isi{modification}, as for instance with the prospective ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{masi} ‘still’. The example in ({\ref{Example_11.109}) shows the progressive-marking function of its gloss ___ential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in verbal clauses (see also §\ref{Para_5.4.1}). When presented with both analyses, however, one of the consultants rejected the first analysis. Instead this consultant maintained that \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) has the same function as \textitbf{masi} ‘still’ in ({\ref{Example_11.108}), namely to modify the prepositional predicate \textitbf{di situ} ‘there’. The two analyses and the reading chosen by one of the consultants for the clauses in ({\ref{Example_11.105}) require further investigation.
A: word: badang	 gloss: body
B: word: timbul	 gloss: emerge
C: word: sama	 gloss: to
D: word: ada	 gloss: exist
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D