cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tong ___ Ø hari itu
Gloss (with missing item): ... 1PL ___ ... day D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[we shouldered it, the pig, (and) carried (it) to the garden shelter,] we cut (it) up that day’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: At this point in the research, the number of clauses with overt and elided core arguments has not been quantified to examine which strategy is the preferred one.} Elision of the object argument is illustrated for \textitbf{bunu} ‘kill’ in ({\ref{Example_11.11}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___ (up) in ({\ref{Example_11.12}).
A: word: ceritra	 gloss: tell
B: word: pisow	 gloss: knife
C: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
D: word: potong	 gloss: cut
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ø ___ dia, Ø bunu dia
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ 3SG ... kill 3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(they) kill him, (they) kill him’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Elision of the subject argument is demonstrated for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.13}), and \textitbf{potong} ‘cut’ in ({\ref{Example_11.14}).
A: word: bunu	 gloss: kill
B: word: bunuuu	 gloss: kill
C: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
D: word: meninggal	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ø bunu dia, Ø ___ dia
Gloss (with missing item): ... kill 3SG ... ___ 3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(they) kill him, (they) kill him’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Elision of the subject argument is demonstrated for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.13}), and \textitbf{potong} ‘cut’ in ({\ref{Example_11.14}).
A: word: hati	 gloss: liver
B: word: bunuuu	 gloss: kill
C: word: bunu	 gloss: kill
D: word: meninggal	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru Ø ___ pisang di tenga~tenga to?
Gloss (with missing item): and.then ... ___ banana at RDP~middle right?
The English translation of this sentence is:‘and then (we) cut the bananas in the middle, right?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Elision of the subject argument is demonstrated for \textitbf{bunu} ‘kill’ in ({\ref{Example_11.13}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.14}).
A: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
B: word: kasi	 gloss: give
C: word: potong	 gloss: cut
D: word: pisow	 gloss: knife
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ø ___ Ø tapi kasi hidup lagi
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ ... but give live again
The English translation of this sentence is:[About sorcerers who can resurrect the dead:] ‘(they) kill (him) but (they) make (him) live again’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, speakers can also omit both core arguments at the same time, as shown for \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.15}), and \textitbf{potong} ‘cut’ in ({\ref{Example_11.16}).
A: word: bagus	 gloss: be.good
B: word: bunu	 gloss: kill
C: word: bunuuu	 gloss: kill
D: word: meninggal	 gloss: die
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ø ___ Ø kecil~kecil
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ ... RDP~be.small
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(I) cut (the meat) very small’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finally, speakers can also omit both core arguments at the same time, as shown for \textitbf{bunu} ‘kill’ in ({\ref{Example_11.15}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.16}).
A: word: pisow	 gloss: knife
B: word: potong	 gloss: cut
C: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
D: word: ojek	 gloss: motorbike.taxi
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mungking de suru dia, ko ___ sa air!
Gloss (with missing item): maybe 3SG order 3SG 2SG ___ 1SG water
The English translation of this sentence is:‘maybe he/she’ll order him/her, ``you fetch me water!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay double object constructions with R-T word order are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.17}) to ({\ref{Example_11.23}). Overall, however, \isi{double-object} constructions are not very common in Papuan Malay. The corpus contains only 30 constructions among a total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (2.6%).\footnote{This total excludes serial \isi{verb} constructions formed with \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ (see §\ref{Para_11.2.1.2}).}
A: word: bilang	 gloss: say
B: word: jatu	 gloss: fall
C: word: kembali	 gloss: return
D: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): trus sa bukang orang miskin ___ kamu uang
Gloss (with missing item): next 1SG NEG person be.poor ___ 2PL money
The English translation of this sentence is:‘and I’m not a poor person (who) keeps begging you (for) money’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay double object constructions with R-T word order are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.17}) to ({\ref{Example_11.23}). Overall, however, \isi{double-object} constructions are not very common in Papuan Malay. The corpus contains only 30 constructions among a total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (2.6%).\footnote{This total excludes serial \isi{verb} constructions formed with \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ (see §\ref{Para_11.2.1.2}).}
A: word: minta~minta	 gloss: RDP~request
B: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
C: word: printa~printa	 gloss: RDP~command
D: word: laing	 gloss: be.different
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa bilang begini, sa ___ nasihat kamu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG say like.this 1SG ___ advice 2PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I said like this, ``I give you advice'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The T can also precede the R in \isi{double-object} constructions, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.24}) and ({\ref{Example_11.25}). This T-R order “is relatively widespread in South-East Asia”, as \citet[17]{Malchukov.2010} point out. Building on \citegen[435–436]{Dik.1997} notion of “iconic sequencing”, \citet[17]{Malchukov.2010} suggest that “the order T-R is more iconic than the order R-T, because in the unfolding of the event the T is first involved in the action, which reaches the R only in a second step”.
A: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
B: word: siap	 gloss: provide
C: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): adu, nene knapa ___ ijing~ijing dia begitu
Gloss (with missing item): oh.no! grandmother why ___ RDP~permission 3SG like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘oh no!, why did you (‘grandmother’) give him permission like that?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The T can also precede the R in \isi{double-object} constructions, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.24}) and ({\ref{Example_11.25}). This T-R order “is relatively widespread in South-East Asia”, as \citet[17]{Malchukov.2010} point out. Building on \citegen[435–436]{Dik.1997} notion of “iconic sequencing”, \citet[17]{Malchukov.2010} suggest that “the order T-R is more iconic than the order R-T, because in the unfolding of the event the T is first involved in the action, which reaches the R only in a second step”.
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: kasi	 gloss: give
C: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
D: word: kuskus	 gloss: cuscus
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa bilang begini, sa ___ nasihat kamu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG say like.this 1SG ___ advice 2PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I said like this, ``I give you advice'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, however, T-R constructions are even less common than \mbox{R-T} constructions; the corpus contains 17 constructions among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.5%). All of them are formed with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, as in ({\ref{Example_11.24}) and ({\ref{Example_11.25}). In 12 of them, the T is \textitbf{nasihat} ‘advice’ as in ({\ref{Example_11.24}), in two it is \textitbf{ijing} or \textitbf{ijing{\Tilde}ijing} ‘permission’ as in ({\ref{Example_11.25}), and in the remaining three the Ts are \textitbf{ana} ‘child’, \textitbf{kemerdekaang} ‘independence’ and \textitbf{swara} ‘voice’.
A: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
B: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
C: word: siap	 gloss: provide
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): adu, nene knapa ___ ijing~ijing dia begitu
Gloss (with missing item): oh.no! grandmother why ___ RDP~permission 3SG like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘oh no!, why did you (‘grandmother’) give him permission like that?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, however, T-R constructions are even less common than \mbox{R-T} constructions; the corpus contains 17 constructions among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.5%). All of them are formed with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, as in ({\ref{Example_11.24}) and ({\ref{Example_11.25}). In 12 of them, the T is \textitbf{nasihat} ‘advice’ as in ({\ref{Example_11.24}), in two it is \textitbf{ijing} or \textitbf{ijing{\Tilde}ijing} ‘permission’ as in ({\ref{Example_11.25}), and in the remaining three the Ts are \textitbf{ana} ‘child’, \textitbf{kemerdekaang} ‘independence’ and \textitbf{swara} ‘voice’.
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: nakal	 gloss: be.mischievous
C: word: kasi	 gloss: give
D: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa bilang begini, sa ___ nasihat kamu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG say like.this 1SG ___ advice 2PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I said like this, ``I give you advice'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, however, T-R constructions are even less common than \mbox{R-T} constructions; the corpus contains 17 constructions among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.5%). All of them are formed with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, as in ({\ref{Example_11.24}) and ({\ref{Example_11.25}). In 12 of them, the T is \textitbf{nasihat} ‘advice’ as in ({\ref{Example_11.24}), in two it is \textitbf{ijing} or \textitbf{ijing{\Tilde}ijing} ‘permission’ as in ({\ref{Example_11.25}), and in the remaining three the Ts are \textitbf{ana} ‘child’, \textitbf{kemerdekaang} ‘independence’ and \textitbf{swara} ‘voice’.
A: word: kasi	 gloss: give
B: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
C: word: siap	 gloss: provide
D: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): adu, nene knapa ___ ijing~ijing dia begitu
Gloss (with missing item): oh.no! grandmother why ___ RDP~permission 3SG like.that
The English translation of this sentence is:‘oh no!, why did you (‘grandmother’) give him permission like that?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Papuan Malay, however, T-R constructions are even less common than \mbox{R-T} constructions; the corpus contains 17 constructions among the total of 1,160 verbal clauses formed with \isi{trivalent} verbs (1.5%). All of them are formed with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, as in ({\ref{Example_11.24}) and ({\ref{Example_11.25}). In 12 of them, the T is \textitbf{nasihat} ‘advice’ as in ({\ref{Example_11.24}), in two it is \textitbf{ijing} or \textitbf{ijing{\Tilde}ijing} ‘permission’ as in ({\ref{Example_11.25}), and in the remaining three the Ts are \textitbf{ana} ‘child’, \textitbf{kemerdekaang} ‘independence’ and \textitbf{swara} ‘voice’.
A: word: siap	 gloss: provide
B: word: bersi	 gloss: be.clean
C: word: kasi–ang	 gloss: love–PAT
D: word: kasi	 gloss: give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mungking de suru dia, ko ___ sa air!
Gloss (with missing item): maybe 3SG order 3SG 2SG ___ 1SG water
The English translation of this sentence is:‘maybe he/she’ll order him/her, ``you fetch me water!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \isi{double-object} constructions the R is most often encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun}, namely in 42/47 attested constructions (89%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.17}) and ({\ref{Example_11.18}). In the remaining five constructions, the R is encoded by a nominal. Three nominals occur in R-T constructions, namely in \textitbf{bli Andi} ‘buy Andi’ in ({\ref{Example_11.19}), and in \textitbf{kirim bapa} ‘send father’, and \textitbf{minta Noferus} ‘request Noferus’. The remaining two occur in T-R constructions, namely in ‘\textitbf{kasi nasihat} R’ constructions. The respective Rs are \textitbf{pendeta} ‘pastor’ and \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘children’. These distributional frequencies are discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
B: word: kembali	 gloss: return
C: word: dengang	 gloss: with
D: word: bilang	 gloss: say
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tiga orang itu datang ... ___ dong pakeang
Gloss (with missing item): three person D.DIST come ... ___ 3PL clothes
The English translation of this sentence is:‘those three people came ... (and) brought them clothes’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \isi{double-object} constructions the R is most often encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun}, namely in 42/47 attested constructions (89%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.17}) and ({\ref{Example_11.18}). In the remaining five constructions, the R is encoded by a nominal. Three nominals occur in R-T constructions, namely in \textitbf{bli Andi} ‘buy Andi’ in ({\ref{Example_11.19}), and in \textitbf{kirim bapa} ‘send father’, and \textitbf{minta Noferus} ‘request Noferus’. The remaining two occur in T-R constructions, namely in ‘\textitbf{kasi nasihat} R’ constructions. The respective Rs are \textitbf{pendeta} ‘pastor’ and \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘children’. These distributional frequencies are discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: datang	 gloss: come
B: word: bawa	 gloss: bring
C: word: lebi	 gloss: more
D: word: bawang	 gloss: onion
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): paytua dia ___ Andi satu set
Gloss (with missing item): husband 3SG ___ Andi one set
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the gentleman bought Andi one (TV/CD) set’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \isi{double-object} constructions the R is most often encoded by a personal \isi{pronoun}, namely in 42/47 attested constructions (89%), as in ({\ref{Example_11.17}) and ({\ref{Example_11.18}). In the remaining five constructions, the R is encoded by a nominal. Three nominals occur in R-T constructions, namely in \textitbf{the morpheme ___ Andi} ‘its gloss ___ Andi’ in ({\ref{Example_11.19}), and in \textitbf{kirim bapa} ‘send father’, and \textitbf{minta Noferus} ‘request Noferus’. The remaining two occur in T-R constructions, namely in ‘\textitbf{kasi nasihat} R’ constructions. The respective Rs are \textitbf{pendeta} ‘pastor’ and \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘children’. These distributional frequencies are discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.5}.
A: word: jual	 gloss: sell
B: word: bli	 gloss: buy
C: word: bli~bli	 gloss: RDP~buy
D: word: kirim	 gloss: send
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B