cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 148:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de pu swami biking de ___ hati to?
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG POSS husband make 3SG ___ liver right?
The English translation of this sentence is:‘her husband made her feel miserable, right?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay \isi{periphrastic causative} constructions are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) to ({\ref{Example_11.74}). The matrix \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) and ({\ref{Example_11.72}), and \textitbf{biking} ‘make’ in ({\ref{Example_11.73}) and ({\ref{Example_11.74}). Besides, Papuan Malay forms periphrastic causatives with a wide range of speech verbs; they are not further discussed here.
A: word: sakit	 gloss: be.sick
B: word: kunjungang	 gloss: visit
C: word: sakit~sakit	 gloss: RDP~be.sick
D: word: játu	 gloss: fall
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 149:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de pu swami biking de sakit ___ to?
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG POSS husband make 3SG be.sick ___ right?
The English translation of this sentence is:‘her husband made her feel miserable, right?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay \isi{periphrastic causative} constructions are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) to ({\ref{Example_11.74}). The matrix \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) and ({\ref{Example_11.72}), and \textitbf{biking} ‘make’ in ({\ref{Example_11.73}) and ({\ref{Example_11.74}). Besides, Papuan Malay forms periphrastic causatives with a wide range of speech verbs; they are not further discussed here.
A: word: hati	 gloss: liver
B: word: perhatikang	 gloss: observe
C: word: hati~hati	 gloss: RDP~liver
D: word: nika	 gloss: marry.officially
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 150:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kata itu tu yang ___ sa bertahang
Gloss (with missing item): word D.DIST D.DIST REL ___ 1SG hold(.out/back)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it was) those very words that made me hold out’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay \isi{periphrastic causative} constructions are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) to ({\ref{Example_11.74}). The matrix \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) and ({\ref{Example_11.72}), and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in ({\ref{Example_11.73}) and ({\ref{Example_11.74}). Besides, Papuan Malay forms periphrastic causatives with a wide range of speech verbs; they are not further discussed here.
A: word: mungking	 gloss: maybe
B: word: biking	 gloss: make
C: word: ada	 gloss: exist
D: word: taru	 gloss: put
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 151:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kata itu tu yang biking ___ bertahang
Gloss (with missing item): word D.DIST D.DIST REL make ___ hold(.out/back)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it was) those very words that made me hold out’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay \isi{periphrastic cauthe morpheme ___tive} constructions are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) to ({\ref{Example_11.74}). The matrix \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) and ({\ref{Example_11.72}), and \textitbf{biking} ‘make’ in ({\ref{Example_11.73}) and ({\ref{Example_11.74}). Besides, Papuan Malay forms periphrastic cauthe morpheme ___tives with a wide range of speech verbs; they are not further discussed here.
A: word: sa	 gloss: 1SG
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: bunu	 gloss: kill
D: word: bisa	 gloss: be.able
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 152:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kata itu tu yang biking sa ___
Gloss (with missing item): word D.DIST D.DIST REL make 1SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it was) those very words that made me hold out’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay \isi{periphrastic causative} constructions are presented in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) to ({\ref{Example_11.74}). The matrix \isi{verb} is \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’ in ({\ref{Example_11.71}) and ({\ref{Example_11.72}), and \textitbf{biking} ‘make’ in ({\ref{Example_11.73}) and ({\ref{Example_11.74}). Besides, Papuan Malay forms periphrastic causatives with a wide range of speech verbs; they are not further discussed here.
A: word: bisa	 gloss: be.able
B: word: bertahang	 gloss: hold(.out/back)
C: word: játu	 gloss: fall
D: word: tuhang	 gloss: God
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 153:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kitong dua ___ melawang gara-gara ikang
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL two ___ oppose because fish
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the two of us are fighting each other because of the fish’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay forms syntactic reciprocals with the dedicated \isi{reciprocity marker} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{recp}’. A typical example is given in ({\ref{Example_11.75}).
A: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
B: word: tujuangnya	 gloss: purpose:3POSSR
C: word: emosi	 gloss: feel.angry(.about)
D: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 154:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kitong dua baku ___ gara-gara ikang
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL two RECP ___ because fish
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the two of us are fighting each other because of the fish’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay forms syntactic reciprocals with the dedicated \isi{reciprocity marker} \textitbf{baku} ‘\textsc{recp}’. A typical example is given in ({\ref{Example_11.75}).
A: word: melawang	 gloss: oppose
B: word: lawang	 gloss: oppose
C: word: benci	 gloss: hate
D: word: tikus-tana	 gloss: spiny.bandicoot
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 155:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): itu sampe tong ___ tawar ini deng doseng
Gloss (with missing item): D.DIST until 1PL ___ bargain D.PROX with lecturer
The English translation of this sentence is:‘it got to the point that we and the lecturer were arguing constantly with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the \isi{reciprocity marker} is classified in different ways; in some languages it is classified as a \isi{pronoun} or an ad\isi{verb}, in others as an affix or an auxiliary (see \citeauthor{Nedjalkov.2007b}'s \citeyear*[9–16]{Nedjalkov.2007b} above-mentioned distinction of syntactic and morphological reciprocals). As for the Papuan Malay \isi{reciprocity marker}, this grammar analyzes \textitbf{baku} ‘\textsc{recp}’ as an independent word and not as an affix, without, however, further specifying its morphosyntactic status at this point. This analysis as a separate word is based on the fact that \textitbf{baku} ‘\textsc{recp}’ can be reduplicated, as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.76}). Affixes, by contrast, are not reduplicated in Papuan Malay, as discussed in §\ref{Para_4.1}.
A: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
B: word: bapa	 gloss: father
C: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
D: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 156:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aksamina deng Klara dong dua ___ rampas bola
Gloss (with missing item): Aksamina with Klara 3PL two ___ seize ball
The English translation of this sentence is:‘both Aksamina and Klara tackled the ball together’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most reciprocal constructions in the corpus (86/101 – 85%) are “simple reciprocals”. In such a construction, both participants are encoded as the clausal subject, which is called the “reciprocator”, following \citegen[2092]{Haspelmath.2007} terminology.\footnote{\citet[6]{Nedjalkov.2007b} uses the term “reciprocant” rather than “reciprocator”.} Hence, the typical structure for simple reciprocals is ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'', as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}). The reciprocator can be a coordinate \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{nona{\Tilde}nona ana laki{\Tilde}laki} ‘the girls (and) boys’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or a plural personal \isi{pronoun} such as \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}).
A: word: bagus	 gloss: be.good
B: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
C: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
D: word: bapa-ade	 gloss: uncle
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 157:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aksamina deng Klara dong dua baku ___ bola
Gloss (with missing item): Aksamina with Klara 3PL two RECP ___ ball
The English translation of this sentence is:‘both Aksamina and Klara tackled the ball together’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most reciprocal constructions in the corpus (86/101 – 85%) are “simple reciprocals”. In such a construction, both participants are encoded as the clausal subject, which is called the “reciprocator”, following \citegen[2092]{Haspelmath.2007} terminology.\footnote{\citet[6]{Nedjalkov.2007b} uses the term “reciprocant” rather than “reciprocator”.} Hence, the typical structure for simple reciprocals is ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'', as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}). The reciprocator can be a coordinate \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{nona{\Tilde}nona ana laki{\Tilde}laki} ‘the girls (and) boys’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or a plural personal \isi{pronoun} such as \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}).
A: word: pen–curi	 gloss: AG–steal
B: word: ampas	 gloss: waste
C: word: rampas	 gloss: seize
D: word: hati~hati	 gloss: RDP~liver
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 158:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Aksamina deng Klara dong dua baku rampas ___
Gloss (with missing item): Aksamina with Klara 3PL two RECP seize ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘both Aksamina and Klara tackled the ball together’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most reciprocal constructions in the corpus (86/101 – 85%) are “simple reciprocals”. In such a construction, both participants are encoded as the clausal subject, which is called the “reciprocator”, following \citegen[2092]{Haspelmath.2007} terminology.\footnote{\citet[6]{Nedjalkov.2007b} uses the term “reciprocant” rather than “reciprocator”.} Hence, the typical structure for simple reciprocals is ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'', as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}). The reciprocator can be a coordinate \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{nona{\Tilde}nona ana laki{\Tilde}laki} ‘the girls (and) boys’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or a plural personal \isi{pronoun} such as \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}).
A: word: sama	 gloss: to
B: word: umpang	 gloss: pass.ball
C: word: bola	 gloss: ball
D: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 159:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu tida bole ___ benci, tida bole baku mara
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL NEG may ___ hate NEG may RECP feel.angry(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you must not hate each other, (you) must not feel angry with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most reciprocal constructions in the corpus (86/101 – 85%) are “simple reciprocals”. In such a construction, both participants are encoded as the clausal subject, which is called the “reciprocator”, following \citegen[2092]{Haspelmath.2007} terminology.\footnote{\citet[6]{Nedjalkov.2007b} uses the term “reciprocant” rather than “reciprocator”.} Hence, the typical structure for simple reciprocals is ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'', as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}). The reciprocator can be a coordinate \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{nona{\Tilde}nona ana laki{\Tilde}laki} ‘the girls (and) boys’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or a plural personal \isi{pronoun} such as \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}).
A: word: tidor	 gloss: sleep
B: word: kirim	 gloss: send
C: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
D: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 160:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu tida bole baku ___ tida bole baku mara
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL NEG may RECP ___ NEG may RECP feel.angry(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you must not hate each other, (you) must not feel angry with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most reciprocal constructions in the corpus (86/101 – 85%) are “simple reciprocals”. In such a construction, both participants are encoded as the clausal subject, which is called the “reciprocator”, following \citegen[2092]{Haspelmath.2007} terminology.\footnote{\citet[6]{Nedjalkov.2007b} uses the term “reciprocant” rather than “reciprocator”.} Hence, the typical structure for simple reciprocals is ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'', as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}). The reciprocator can be a coordinate \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{nona{\Tilde}nona ana laki{\Tilde}laki} ‘the girls (and) boys’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or a plural personal \isi{pronoun} such as \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}).
A: word: pencuri	 gloss: thief/steal
B: word: benci	 gloss: hate
C: word: nakal	 gloss: be.mischievous
D: word: melawang	 gloss: oppose
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 161:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu tida bole baku benci, tida bole ___ mara
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL NEG may RECP hate NEG may ___ feel.angry(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you must not hate each other, (you) must not feel angry with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most reciprocal constructions in the corpus (86/101 – 85%) are “simple reciprocals”. In such a construction, both participants are encoded as the clausal subject, which is called the “reciprocator”, following \citegen[2092]{Haspelmath.2007} terminology.\footnote{\citet[6]{Nedjalkov.2007b} uses the term “reciprocant” rather than “reciprocator”.} Hence, the typical structure for simple reciprocals is ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'', as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}). The reciprocator can be a coordinate \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{nona{\Tilde}nona ana laki{\Tilde}laki} ‘the girls (and) boys’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or a plural personal \isi{pronoun} such as \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}).
A: word: bicara	 gloss: speak
B: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
C: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
D: word: bersi	 gloss: be.clean
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 162:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu tida bole baku benci, tida bole baku ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL NEG may RECP hate NEG may RECP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you must not hate each other, (you) must not feel angry with each other’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most reciprocal constructions in the corpus (86/101 – 85%) are “simple reciprocals”. In such a construction, both participants are encoded as the clausal subject, which is called the “reciprocator”, following \citegen[2092]{Haspelmath.2007} terminology.\footnote{\citet[6]{Nedjalkov.2007b} uses the term “reciprocant” rather than “reciprocator”.} Hence, the typical structure for simple reciprocals is ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{baku} \textsc{v}'', as shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}). The reciprocator can be a coordinate \isi{noun} phrase such as \textitbf{nona{\Tilde}nona ana laki{\Tilde}laki} ‘the girls (and) boys’ in ({\ref{Example_11.77}), or a plural personal \isi{pronoun} such as \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in ({\ref{Example_11.78}).
A: word: mara~mara	 gloss: RDP~feel.angry(.about)
B: word: mara	 gloss: feel.angry(.about)
C: word: pinggir	 gloss: border
D: word: dari	 gloss: from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 163:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru kitong mulay ___ ojek
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 1PL start ___ take.motorbike.taxi
The English translation of this sentence is:‘and then we...started taking motorbike taxis together’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: ``\textsc{reciprocator} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{v}'' constructions with a reciprocal reading are characterized by a reduction in syntactic \isi{valency}, which corresponds to the reduction in semantic \isi{valency}: with both participants being encoded by the clausal subject, the object that typically encodes a second participant is deleted. This is shown in ({\ref{Example_11.77}) to ({\ref{Example_11.82}); reciprocals with a sociative reading are given in ({\ref{Example_11.83}) to ({\ref{Example_11.85}).
A: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
B: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
C: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
D: word: lobe	 gloss: walk.searchingly.with.lamp
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C