cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 233:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kitong ikut ini tingkat propinsi punya ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL follow D.PROX floor province POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘we attended (a meeting at), what’s-its-name, the provincial level (
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another cross-linguistically rather common function of the possessive marker it to indicate an “association” between the possessum and the possessor \citep[285]{Dixon.2010}. This also applies to Papuan Malay, as shown in (\ref{Example_9.40}) and (\ref{Example_9.41}). In (\ref{Example_9.40}), \textitbf{punya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ signals that the possessum \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{d.dist}’ is associated with the possessor \textitbf{lima juta} ‘five million’, giving the emphatic reading ``a minimum of five-million (\textstyleChItalic{as opposed to lower prices})''.\footnote{Alternatively, one might classify the possessive construction in (\ref{Example_9.40}) as an “‘appositive genitive’, where the two \isi{noun} phrases are equated denotatively”, adopting the terminology used by \citet[193]{Quirk.1972}.} Along similar lines, in (\ref{Example_9.41}), the ligathe morpheme ___re indicates an association between the possessum \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{d.dist}’ and the possessor \textitbf{tingkat propinsi} ‘provincial level’, resulting in the emphatic reading ``(a meeting at) the provincial level (\textstyleChItalic{and not at the regency level})''.
A: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
B: word: satu	 gloss: one
C: word: tu	 gloss: D.DIST
D: word: tali-prut	 gloss: intestines
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 234:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mama, kitong suda simpang ___ punya makang
Gloss (with missing item): mother 1PL already store ___ POSS food
The English translation of this sentence is:‘mother, we already put food for you aside’ (Lit. ‘mama’s food’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive marker \textitbf{punya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ is also used to signal beneficiary relations. Speakers employ this construction when they want to signal that the recipient is the beneficiary of a \isi{definite} theme, as discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.3}. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_9.42}) and (\ref{Example_9.43}). In the respective examples, the possessors \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ and \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ express the recipients/beneficiaries of the events expressed by the verbs \textitbf{simpang} ‘store’ and \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’, while the possessa \textitbf{makang} ‘food’ and \textitbf{alat{\Tilde}alat} ‘utensils’ denote the anticipated objects of possession or themes.
A: word: mama	 gloss: mother
B: word: laki	 gloss: husband
C: word: orang-tua	 gloss: parent
D: word: mama-ade	 gloss: aunt
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 235:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mama, kitong suda simpang mama ___ makang
Gloss (with missing item): mother 1PL already store mother ___ food
The English translation of this sentence is:‘mother, we already put food for you aside’ (Lit. ‘mama’s food’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive marker \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{poss}’ is also used to signal beneficiary relations. Speakers employ this construction when they want to signal that the recipient is the beneficiary of a \isi{definite} theme, as discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.3}. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_9.42}) and (\ref{Example_9.43}). In the respective examples, the possessors \textitbf{mama} ‘mother’ and \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ express the recipients/beneficiaries of the events expressed by the verbs \textitbf{simpang} ‘store’ and \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’, while the possessa \textitbf{makang} ‘food’ and \textitbf{alat{\Tilde}alat} ‘utensils’ denote the anticipated objects of possession or themes.
A: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
B: word: kecil	 gloss: be.small
C: word: punya	 gloss: POSS
D: word: tanya	 gloss: ask
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 236:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mama, kitong suda simpang mama punya ___
Gloss (with missing item): mother 1PL already store mother POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘mother, we already put food for you aside’ (Lit. ‘mama’s food’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive marker \textitbf{punya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ is also used to signal beneficiary relations. Speakers employ this construction when they want to signal that the recipient is the beneficiary of a \isi{definite} theme, as discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.3}. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_9.42}) and (\ref{Example_9.43}). In the respective examples, the possessors \textitbf{mama} ‘mother’ and \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ express the recipients/beneficiaries of the events expressed by the verbs \textitbf{simpang} ‘store’ and \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’, while the possessa \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ and \textitbf{alat{\Tilde}alat} ‘utensils’ denote the anticipated objects of possession or themes.
A: word: makang	 gloss: food
B: word: makɐn	 gloss: eat
C: word: banyak	 gloss: many
D: word: makangang	 gloss: food
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 237:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dong su bli ___ punya {\bluebold{alat\Tildealat}} ini
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL already buy ___ POSS RDP\Tildeequipment D.PROX
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they already bought these utensils for him’ (Lit. ‘his utensils’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive marker \textitbf{punya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ is also used to signal beneficiary relations. Speakers employ this construction when they want to signal that the recipient is the beneficiary of a \isi{the morpheme ___finite} theme, as discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.3}. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_9.42}) and (\ref{Example_9.43}). In the respective examples, the possessors \textitbf{mama} ‘mother’ and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ express the recipients/beneficiaries of the events expressed by the verbs \textitbf{simpang} ‘store’ and \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’, while the possessa \textitbf{makang} ‘food’ and \textitbf{alat{\Tilthe morpheme ___}alat} ‘utensils’ the morpheme ___note the anticipated objects of possession or themes.
A: word: deng	 gloss: with
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: cucu	 gloss: grandchild
D: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 238:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dong su bli de ___ {\bluebold{alat\Tildealat}} ini
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL already buy 3SG ___ RDP\Tildeequipment D.PROX
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they already bought these utensils for him’ (Lit. ‘his utensils’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive marker \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{poss}’ is also used to signal beneficiary relations. Speakers employ this construction when they want to signal that the recipient is the beneficiary of a \isi{definite} theme, as discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.3}. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_9.42}) and (\ref{Example_9.43}). In the respective examples, the possessors \textitbf{mama} ‘mother’ and \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ express the recipients/beneficiaries of the events expressed by the verbs \textitbf{simpang} ‘store’ and \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’, while the possessa \textitbf{makang} ‘food’ and \textitbf{alat{\Tilde}alat} ‘utensils’ denote the anticipated objects of possession or themes.
A: word: propinsi	 gloss: province
B: word: punya	 gloss: POSS
C: word: tanya	 gloss: ask
D: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 239:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dong su bli de punya {\bluebold{alat\Tildealat}} ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL already buy 3SG POSS RDP\Tildeequipment ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they already bought these utensils for him’ (Lit. ‘his utensils’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possessive marker \textitbf{punya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ is also used to signal beneficiary relations. Speakers employ this construction when they want to signal that the recipient is the beneficiary of a \isi{defthe morpheme ___te} theme, as discussed in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.3}. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_9.42}) and (\ref{Example_9.43}). In the respective examples, the possessors \textitbf{mama} ‘mother’ and \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ express the recipients/beneficiaries of the events expressed by the verbs \textitbf{simpang} ‘store’ and \textitbf{bli} ‘buy’, while the possessa \textitbf{makang} ‘food’ and \textitbf{alat{\Tilde}alat} ‘utensils’ denote the anticipated objects of possession or themes.
A: word: dusung	 gloss: garden
B: word: ini	 gloss: D.PROX
C: word: begini	 gloss: like.this
D: word: sini	 gloss: L.PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 240:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru, mama, setang ___ banyak di situ
Gloss (with missing item): and.then mother evil.spirit ___ many at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘and then, mother, (there) are really many evil spirits over there’ (Lit. ‘many of’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the possessive constructions in (\ref{Example_9.44}) to (\ref{Example_9.47}), a nominal constituent takes the possessor slot while a \isi{quantifier} takes the possessum slot.
A: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
B: word: cucu	 gloss: grandchild
C: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
D: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 241:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru, mama, setang pu ___ di situ
Gloss (with missing item): and.then mother evil.spirit POSS ___ at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘and then, mother, (there) are really many evil spirits over there’ (Lit. ‘many of’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the possessive constructions in (\ref{Example_9.44}) to (\ref{Example_9.47}), a nominal constituent takes the possessor slot while a \isi{quantifier} takes the possessum slot.
A: word: banyak	 gloss: many
B: word: brapa	 gloss: several
C: word: makang	 gloss: eat
D: word: banyak~banyak	 gloss: RDP~many
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 242:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tete de minum air ___ sedikit
Gloss (with missing item): grandfather 3SG drink water ___ few
The English translation of this sentence is:‘grandfather drinks very little water’ (Lit. ‘few of’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the possessive constructions in (\ref{Example_9.44}) to (\ref{Example_9.47}), a nominal constituent takes the possessor slot while a \isi{quantifier} takes the possessum slot.
A: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
B: word: mulut	 gloss: mouth
C: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
D: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 243:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tete de minum air pu ___
Gloss (with missing item): grandfather 3SG drink water POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘grandfather drinks very little water’ (Lit. ‘few of’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the possessive constructions in (\ref{Example_9.44}) to (\ref{Example_9.47}), a nominal constituent takes the possessor slot while a \isi{quantifier} takes the possessum slot.
A: word: sa=p	 gloss: 1SG=POSS
B: word: brapa	 gloss: several
C: word: sedikit~sedikit	 gloss: RDP~few
D: word: sedikit	 gloss: few
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 244:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru, mama, setang ___ banyak di situ
Gloss (with missing item): and.then mother evil.spirit ___ many at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘and then, mother, (there) are really many evil spirits over there’ (Lit. ‘many of’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Attested in the corthe morpheme ___s is only the one example in (\ref{Example_9.44}) in which the mid-range \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{banyak} ‘many’ takes the possessum slot. A second, elicited example is presented in (\ref{Example_9.45}). Possessive constructions with the mid-range \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{sedikit} ‘few’ are also possible, as illustrated with the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_9.46}) and (\ref{Example_9.47}). In these examples \textitbf{the morpheme ___nya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ functions as an attitudinal intensifier, expressing speaker evaluations, such as feelings of annoyance in (\ref{Example_9.44}), of surprise in (\ref{Example_9.45}) and (\ref{Example_9.46}), or of alarm in (\ref{Example_9.47}).
A: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
B: word: jayapura	 gloss: Jayapura
C: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
D: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 245:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru, mama, setang pu ___ di situ
Gloss (with missing item): and.then mother evil.spirit POSS ___ at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘and then, mother, (there) are really many evil spirits over there’ (Lit. ‘many of’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Attested in the corpus is only the one example in (\ref{Example_9.44}) in which the mid-range \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ takes the possessum slot. A second, elicited example is presented in (\ref{Example_9.45}). Possessive constructions with the mid-range \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{sedikit} ‘few’ are also possible, as illustrated with the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_9.46}) and (\ref{Example_9.47}). In these examples \textitbf{punya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ functions as an attitudinal intensifier, expressing speaker evaluations, such as feelings of annoyance in (\ref{Example_9.44}), of surprise in (\ref{Example_9.45}) and (\ref{Example_9.46}), or of alarm in (\ref{Example_9.47}).
A: word: banyak~banyak	 gloss: RDP~many
B: word: banyak	 gloss: many
C: word: kecil	 gloss: be.small
D: word: brapa	 gloss: several
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 246:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): natal tu {ana\Tildeana} dong maing kembang-api ___ banyak
Gloss (with missing item): Christmas D.DIST RDP\Tildechild 3PL play fire-cracker ___ many
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(during) Christmas (time) the children play with really many fire-crackers’ (Lit. ‘many of’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Attested in the corthe morpheme ___s is only the one example in (\ref{Example_9.44}) in which the mid-range \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{banyak} ‘many’ takes the possessum slot. A second, elicited example is presented in (\ref{Example_9.45}). Possessive constructions with the mid-range \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{sedikit} ‘few’ are also possible, as illustrated with the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_9.46}) and (\ref{Example_9.47}). In these examples \textitbf{the morpheme ___nya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ functions as an attitudinal intensifier, expressing speaker evaluations, such as feelings of annoyance in (\ref{Example_9.44}), of surprise in (\ref{Example_9.45}) and (\ref{Example_9.46}), or of alarm in (\ref{Example_9.47}).
A: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
B: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
C: word: banyak	 gloss: many
D: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 247:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): natal tu {ana\Tildeana} dong maing kembang-api pu ___
Gloss (with missing item): Christmas D.DIST RDP\Tildechild 3PL play fire-cracker POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(during) Christmas (time) the children play with really many fire-crackers’ (Lit. ‘many of’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Attested in the corpus is only the one example in (\ref{Example_9.44}) in which the mid-range \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ takes the possessum slot. A second, elicited example is presented in (\ref{Example_9.45}). Possessive constructions with the mid-range \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{sedikit} ‘few’ are also possible, as illustrated with the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_9.46}) and (\ref{Example_9.47}). In these examples \textitbf{punya} ‘\textsc{poss}’ functions as an attitudinal intensifier, expressing speaker evaluations, such as feelings of annoyance in (\ref{Example_9.44}), of surprise in (\ref{Example_9.45}) and (\ref{Example_9.46}), or of alarm in (\ref{Example_9.47}).
A: word: sa=p	 gloss: 1SG=POSS
B: word: banyak	 gloss: many
C: word: brapa	 gloss: several
D: word: banyak~banyak	 gloss: RDP~many
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B