cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 541:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaka pendeta di Mambramo de ___ jual RW
Gloss (with missing item): oSb pastor at Mambramo 3SG ___ sell cooked.dog.meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that older sibling pastor in (the) Mambramo (area) sells cooked dog meat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in the morpheme ___rn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in the morpheme ___rn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: satu	 gloss: one
B: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
C: word: tu	 gloss: D.DIST
D: word: ise	 gloss: Ise
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 542:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko ini ko takut
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG D.PROX 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{its gloss ___} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: smua	 gloss: all
B: word: barce	 gloss: Barce
C: word: pante-barat	 gloss: Pante-Barat
D: word: baru	 gloss: and.then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 543:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Barce ___ ini ko takut
Gloss (with missing item): Barce ___ D.PROX 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
B: word: maytua	 gloss: wife
C: word: maki	 gloss: abuse.verbally
D: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 544:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Barce ko ___ ko takut
Gloss (with missing item): Barce 2SG ___ 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: sini	 gloss: L.PROX
B: word: yang	 gloss: REL
C: word: ini	 gloss: D.PROX
D: word: begini	 gloss: like.this
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 545:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko itu ko taw kata pis ka tida
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG D.DIST 2SG know word please[E] or NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Eferdina there, do you know the word ``please'' or not?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{its gloss ___} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: eferdina	 gloss: Eferdina
B: word: berdiri	 gloss: stand
C: word: pis	 gloss: please[E]
D: word: desa	 gloss: village
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 546:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Eferdina ___ itu ko taw kata pis ka tida
Gloss (with missing item): Eferdina ___ D.DIST 2SG know word please[E] or NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Eferdina there, do you know the word ``please'' or not?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: satu	 gloss: one
B: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
C: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: sere	 gloss: lemon.grass
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 547:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Eferdina ko ___ ko taw kata pis ka tida
Gloss (with missing item): Eferdina 2SG ___ 2SG know word please[E] or NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Eferdina there, do you know the word ``please'' or not?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: nusa	 gloss: Nusa
B: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
C: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
D: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 548:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko ini ko takut
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG D.PROX 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{its gloss ___} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: baru	 gloss: and.then
B: word: nusa	 gloss: Nusa
C: word: pante-barat	 gloss: Pante-Barat
D: word: barce	 gloss: Barce
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 549:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Barce ___ ini ko takut
Gloss (with missing item): Barce ___ D.PROX 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: ayo	 gloss: come.on!
B: word: susana	 gloss: Susana
C: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C