cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, ___ sungay ko bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see ___ river 2SG be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay pronouns often co-occur with nouns or \isi{noun} phrases, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.1}). This chapter argues that ``\textsc{pro} \textsc{np}'' constructions in which a \isi{pronoun} precedes a \isi{noun} or \isi{noun} phrase, as in \textitbf{the morpheme ___ }[\textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___}] ‘you, [you river]’, constitute appositional constructions, with the pronouns having pronominal function. ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro}'' constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} follows a \isi{noun} or \isi{noun} phrase, as in \textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you river’, by contrast, are analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with adnominally used pronouns in post-head position. To demonstrate this distinction, appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions and adnominal \textsc{np} \textsc{pro} constructions are discussed in some detail in §\ref{Para_6.1.6} and §\ref{Para_6.2}, respectively.
A: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
B: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: dua~dua	 gloss: RDP~two
D: word: martin	 gloss: Martin
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, ko ___ ko bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see 2SG ___ 2SG be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay pronouns often co-occur with nouns or \isi{noun} phrases, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.1}). This chapter argues that ``\textsc{pro} \textsc{np}'' constructions in which a \isi{pronoun} precedes a \isi{noun} or \isi{noun} phrase, as in \textitbf{ko }[\textitbf{the morpheme ___ ko}] ‘you, [you its gloss ___]’, constitute appositional constructions, with the pronouns having pronominal function. ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro}'' constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} follows a \isi{noun} or \isi{noun} phrase, as in \textitbf{the morpheme ___ ko} ‘you its gloss ___’, by contrast, are analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with adnominally used pronouns in post-head position. To demonstrate this distinction, appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions and adnominal \textsc{np} \textsc{pro} constructions are discussed in some detail in §\ref{Para_6.1.6} and §\ref{Para_6.2}, respectively.
A: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
B: word: sungay	 gloss: river
C: word: air	 gloss: water
D: word: langsung	 gloss: immediately
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, ko sungay ___ bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see 2SG river ___ be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay pronouns often co-occur with nouns or \isi{noun} phrases, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.1}). This chapter argues that ``\textsc{pro} \textsc{np}'' constructions in which a \isi{pronoun} precedes a \isi{noun} or \isi{noun} phrase, as in \textitbf{the morpheme ___ }[\textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___}] ‘you, [you river]’, constitute appositional constructions, with the pronouns having pronominal function. ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro}'' constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} follows a \isi{noun} or \isi{noun} phrase, as in \textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you river’, by contrast, are analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with adnominally used pronouns in post-head position. To demonstrate this distinction, appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions and adnominal \textsc{np} \textsc{pro} constructions are discussed in some detail in §\ref{Para_6.1.6} and §\ref{Para_6.2}, respectively.
A: word: goyang	 gloss: shake
B: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
C: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: dengang	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa su pukul ___ di kamar
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG already hit ___ at room
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I already hit her in (her) room’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This tendency for the clause-final position to be the preferred site for the ``heavy'' long \isi{pronoun} forms affects the choice of the \isi{pronoun} form for the different object slots, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.2}) to (\ref{Example_6.12}).
A: word: nusa	 gloss: Nusa
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tete ini bilang ___ dong
Gloss (with missing item): grandfather D.PROX say ___ 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘this grandfather spoke to them’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This tendency for the clause-final position its gloss ___ be the preferred site for the ``heavy'' long \isi{pronoun} forms affects the choice of the \isi{pronoun} form for the different object slots, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.2}) its gloss ___ (\ref{Example_6.12}).
A: word: harus	 gloss: have.to
B: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
C: word: sama~sama	 gloss: RDP~be.same
D: word: sama	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tete ini bilang sama ___
Gloss (with missing item): grandfather D.PROX say to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘this grandfather spoke to them’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This tendency for the clause-final position to be the preferred site for the ``heavy'' long \isi{pronoun} forms affects the choice of the \isi{pronoun} form for the different object slots, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.2}) to (\ref{Example_6.12}).
A: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: herman	 gloss: Herman
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa su pukul ___ di kamar
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG already hit ___ at room
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I already hit her in (her) room’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.2}) to (\ref{Example_6.5}), the pronouns take the direct object slot in monotransitive clauses. When the direct object occurs in clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms are used, as shown with long \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.2}) and short \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.3}). When the direct object occurs in clause-final position, speakers typically take the long \isi{pronoun} form, such as \textitbf{saya} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.4}). Only rarely do speakers employ a short \isi{pronoun} form in clause-final position, such as \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.5}).
A: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
D: word: dorang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa su pukul ___ di kamar
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG already hit ___ at room
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I already hit her in (her) room’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.2}) to (\ref{Example_6.5}), the pronouns take the direct object slot in monotransitive clauses. When the direct object occurs in clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms are used, as shown with long \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.2}) and short \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.3}). When the direct object occurs in clause-final position, speakers typically take the long \isi{pronoun} form, such as \textitbf{saya} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.4}). Only rarely do speakers employ a short \isi{pronoun} form in clause-final position, such as \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.5}).
A: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
B: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: senggi	 gloss: Senggi
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa tanya ___ begini
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG ask ___ like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I asked her like this’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.2}) to (\ref{Example_6.5}), the pronouns take the direct object slot in monotransitive clauses. When the direct object occurs in clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms are used, as shown with long \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.2}) and short \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.3}). When the direct object occurs in clause-final position, speakers typically take the long \isi{pronoun} form, such as \textitbf{saya} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.4}). Only rarely do speakers employ a short \isi{pronoun} form in clause-final position, such as \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.5}).
A: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: ipa	 gloss: natural.sciences
C: word: deng	 gloss: with
D: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti ko kejar ___
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 2SG chase ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘in a moment you chase me’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.2}) to (\ref{Example_6.5}), the pronouns take the direct object slot in monotransitive clauses. When the direct object occurs in clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms are used, as shown with long \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.2}) and short \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.3}). When the direct object occurs in clause-final position, speakers typically take the long \isi{pronoun} form, such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.4}). Only rarely do speakers employ a short \isi{pronoun} form in clause-final position, such as \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.5}).
A: word: sayang	 gloss: love
B: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
C: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
D: word: ana	 gloss: child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kasi ___ ana satu!
Gloss (with missing item): kasi ___ child one
The English translation of this sentence is:‘give me a certain child!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.6}) to (\ref{Example_6.8}), the pronouns take a direct object slot in \isi{double-object} constructions. In this position the mentioned, distributional preferences are even more pronounced. In clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms occur, such as long \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.6}) and short \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.7}). In clause-final position, by contrast, only the long \isi{pronoun} forms are attested, such as \textitbf{dorang} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.8}). (Double-object constructions are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.1}.)
A: word: sayang	 gloss: love
B: word: yang	 gloss: REL
C: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
D: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa mulay kasi nasihat ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG START give advice ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I started giving them advice’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.6}) to (\ref{Example_6.8}), the pronouns take a direct object slot in \isi{double-object} constructions. In this position the mentioned, distributional preferences are even more pronounced. In clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms occur, such as long \textitbf{saya} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.6}) and short \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.7}). In clause-final position, by contrast, only the long \isi{pronoun} forms are attested, such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.8}). (Double-object constructions are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.1}.)
A: word: kaka	 gloss: oSb
B: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
C: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: dorang	 gloss: 2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kasi ___ ana satu!
Gloss (with missing item): kasi ___ child one
The English translation of this sentence is:‘give me a certain child!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.6}) to (\ref{Example_6.8}), the pronouns take a direct object slot in \isi{double-object} constructions. In this position the mentioned, distributional preferences are even more pronounced. In clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms occur, such as long \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.6}) and short \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.7}). In clause-final position, by contrast, only the long \isi{pronoun} forms are attested, such as \textitbf{dorang} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.8}). (Double-object constructions are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.1}.)
A: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
D: word: sayang	 gloss: love
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaka kirim ___ uang
Gloss (with missing item): oSb send ___ money
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the older sibling sent them money’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.6}) to (\ref{Example_6.8}), the pronouns take a direct object slot in \isi{double-object} constructions. In this position the mentioned, distributional preferences are even more pronounced. In clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms occur, such as long \textitbf{saya} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.6}) and short \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.7}). In clause-final position, by contrast, only the long \isi{pronoun} forms are attested, such as \textitbf{dorang} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.8}). (Double-object constructions are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.1}.)
A: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: cantik	 gloss: be.beautiful
C: word: dong	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa mulay kasi nasihat ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG START give advice ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I started giving them advice’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the examples in (\ref{Example_6.6}) to (\ref{Example_6.8}), the pronouns take a direct object slot in \isi{double-object} constructions. In this position the mentioned, distributional preferences are even more pronounced. In clause-internal position, both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms occur, such as long \textitbf{saya} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.6}) and short \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.7}). In clause-final position, by contrast, only the long \isi{pronoun} forms are attested, such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.8}). (Double-object constructions are discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_11.1.3.1}.)
A: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
B: word: dorang	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: barce	 gloss: Barce
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa bilang ___ dorang yang di kampung
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG speak ___ 3PL REL at village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I told them who are in the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As for pronouns in oblique object slots, again both the long and the short \isi{pronoun} forms are used, such as long \textitbf{dorang} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.9}) or short \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.10}). In clause-final position, however, typically the long \isi{pronoun} forms are used, such as \textitbf{dorang} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.11}), while short \isi{pronoun} forms such as \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.12}) are very rare.
A: word: senggi	 gloss: Senggi
B: word: sama	 gloss: to
C: word: sama~sama	 gloss: RDP~be.same
D: word: harus	 gloss: have.to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B