cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa maki dorang ___ itu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG abuse.verbally 3PL ___ D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I verbally abused many of them there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Modification with numerals typically involves the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, as with short \textitbf{tong} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.16}), but constructions with \textitbf{tiga} ‘three’ are also found. In the corpus, \isi{modification} with quantifiers is limited to universal \textitbf{smua} ‘all’ and mid-range \textitbf{brapa} ‘several’, as shown with long \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.17}) and long \textitbf{dorang} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.18}), respectively. Modification with other quantifiers is also possible, as shown with midrange \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_6.19}). The examples in (\ref{Example_6.16}) to (\ref{Example_6.19}) also demonstrate that the numerals and quantifiers always occur in post-head position. That is, they cannot occur in pre-head position as illustrated with the elicited ungrammatical constructions in (\ref{Example_6.20}) and (\ref{Example_6.21}). (In this respect pronouns differ from nouns in that \isi{noun} phrases with adnominally used numerals or quantifiers can have an \textsc{n-mod} or a \textsc{mod-n} structure, as discussed in §\ref{Para_8.3}.)
A: word: banyak	 gloss: many
B: word: banyak~banyak	 gloss: RDP~many
C: word: mama-ade	 gloss: aunt
D: word: brapa	 gloss: several
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa maki dorang banyak ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG abuse.verbally 3PL many ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I verbally abused many of them there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Modification with numerals typically involves the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, as with short \textitbf{tong} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.16}), but constructions with \textitbf{tiga} ‘three’ are also found. In the corpus, \isi{modification} with quantifiers is limited to universal \textitbf{smua} ‘all’ and mid-range \textitbf{brapa} ‘several’, as shown with long \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.17}) and long \textitbf{dorang} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.18}), respectively. Modification with other quantifiers is also possible, as shown with midrange \textitbf{banyak} ‘many’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_6.19}). The examples in (\ref{Example_6.16}) to (\ref{Example_6.19}) also demonstrate that the numerals and quantifiers always occur in post-head position. That is, they cannot occur in pre-head position as illustrated with the elicited ungrammatical constructions in (\ref{Example_6.20}) and (\ref{Example_6.21}). (In this respect pronouns differ from nouns in that \isi{noun} phrases with adnominally used numerals or quantifiers can have an \textsc{n-mod} or a \textsc{mod-n} structure, as discussed in §\ref{Para_8.3}.)
A: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
B: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
C: word: banyak	 gloss: many
D: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): langsung mandi, ___ mulay mandi smua
Gloss (with missing item): immediately bathe ___ start bathe all
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[We arrived here, arrived by motorboat,] immediately (we) bathed, we started all bathing’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the corpus, the numerals and quantifiers typically form constituents with the quantified pronouns. That is, floating numerals or quantifiers are unattested, with one exception though. Quantifier \textitbf{smua} ‘all’ can also float to a clause-final position, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.22}). (This observation that among the numerals and quantifiers only \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{smua} ‘all’ floats also applies to the \isi{modification} of nouns, as discussed in §\ref{Para_8.3}.)
A: word: kitong	 gloss: 1PL
B: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
D: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): langsung mandi, kitong mulay mandi ___
Gloss (with missing item): immediately bathe 1PL start bathe ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[We arrived here, arrived by motorboat,] immediately (we) bathed, we started all bathing’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the corpus, the numerals and quantifiers typicits gloss ___y form constituents with the quantified pronouns. That is, floating numerals or quantifiers are unattested, with one exception though. Quantifier \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ can also float to a clause-final position, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.22}). (This observation that among the numerals and quantifiers only \isi{quantifier} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ floats also applies to the \isi{modification} of nouns, as discussed in §\ref{Para_8.3}.)
A: word: kaka	 gloss: oSb
B: word: mulay	 gloss: start
C: word: tiap	 gloss: every
D: word: smua	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tapi ___ di sana tu tida taw pencuri
Gloss (with missing item): but ___ at L.DIST D.DIST NEG know thief/steal
The English translation of this sentence is:‘but them over there (emph) never steal’ (Lit. ‘don’t know to steal’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, pronouns can be modified with prepositional phrases as illustrated with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.23}), or with relative clauses as shown with short \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.24}).
A: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: natalia	 gloss: Natalia
C: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tapi dong ___ sana tu tida taw pencuri
Gloss (with missing item): but 3PL ___ L.DIST D.DIST NEG know thief/steal
The English translation of this sentence is:‘but them over there (emph) never steal’ (Lit. ‘don’t know to steal’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, pronouns can be mothe morpheme ___fied with prepositional phrases as illustrits gloss ___ed with \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.23}), or with relits gloss ___ive clauses as shown with short \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.24}).
A: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: di	 gloss: at
C: word: sarles	 gloss: Sarles
D: word: cuma	 gloss: just
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tapi dong di ___ tu tida taw pencuri
Gloss (with missing item): but 3PL at ___ D.DIST NEG know thief/steal
The English translation of this sentence is:‘but them over there (emph) never steal’ (Lit. ‘don’t know to steal’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, pronouns can be modified with prepositional phrases as illustrated with \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.23}), or with relative clauses as shown with short \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.24}).
A: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
B: word: susana	 gloss: Susana
C: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
D: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tapi dong di sana ___ tida taw pencuri
Gloss (with missing item): but 3PL at L.DIST ___ NEG know thief/steal
The English translation of this sentence is:‘but them over there (emph) never steal’ (Lit. ‘don’t know to steal’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, pronouns can be modified with prepositional phrases as illustrated with \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.23}), or with relative clauses as shown with short \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.24}).
A: word: prempuang	 gloss: 10pt
B: word: satu	 gloss: one
C: word: tu	 gloss: D.DIST
D: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): waktu de kawing mas-kawing itu ___ yang ambil
Gloss (with missing item): when 3SG marry.unofficially bride.price that ___ REL get
The English translation of this sentence is:‘when she marries, that bride-price, (it’s) me who’ll get (it)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, pronouns can be modified with prepositional phrases as illustrated with \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.23}), or with relative clauses as shown with short \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.24}).
A: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
B: word: bisa	 gloss: be.able
C: word: sa	 gloss: 1SG
D: word: pendeta	 gloss: pastor
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): waktu de kawing mas-kawing itu sa ___ ambil
Gloss (with missing item): when 3SG marry.unofficially bride.price that 1SG ___ get
The English translation of this sentence is:‘when she marries, that bride-price, (it’s) me who’ll get (it)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, pronouns can be modified with prepositional phrases as illustrated with \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.23}), or with relative clauses as shown with short \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.24}).
A: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
B: word: yang	 gloss: REL
C: word: waim	 gloss: Waim
D: word: sayang	 gloss: love
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): waktu de kawing mas-kawing itu sa yang ___
Gloss (with missing item): when 3SG marry.unofficially bride.price that 1SG REL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘when she marries, that bride-price, (it’s) me who’ll get (it)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Further, pronouns can be modified with prepositional phrases as illustrated with \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ in (\ref{Example_6.23}), or with relative clauses as shown with short \textitbf{sa} ‘\textsc{1sg}’ in (\ref{Example_6.24}).
A: word: ambil	 gloss: get
B: word: waim	 gloss: Waim
C: word: bangung	 gloss: get.up
D: word: bilang	 gloss: say
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti ___ pu maytua tanya, ko dapat ikang di mana
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon ___ POSS wife ask 2SG get fish at where
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later his wife will ask, ``where did you get the fish?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_6.25}), one possessive construction is presented in context with long \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ taking the possessor slot in (\ref{Example_6.25}). (For a detailed discussion of adnominal possessive constructions see \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: brapa	 gloss: several
B: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
D: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti dia ___ maytua tanya, ko dapat ikang di mana
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG ___ wife ask 2SG get fish at where
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later his wife will ask, ``where did you get the fish?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_6.25}), one possessive construction is presented in context with long \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ taking the possessor slot in (\ref{Example_6.25}). (For a detailed discussion of adnominal possessive constructions see \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: ini	 gloss: D.PROX
B: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
C: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
D: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti dia pu ___ tanya, ko dapat ikang di mana
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG POSS ___ ask 2SG get fish at where
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later his wife will ask, ``where did you get the fish?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_6.25}), one possessive construction is presented in context with long \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ taking the possessor slot in (\ref{Example_6.25}). (For a detailed discussion of adnominal possessive constructions see \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: janda	 gloss: widow
B: word: nene	 gloss: grandmother
C: word: paytua	 gloss: husband
D: word: maytua	 gloss: wife
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti ___ pu maytua tanya, ko dapat ikang di mana
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon ___ POSS wife ask 2SG get fish at where
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later his wife will ask, ``where did you get the fish?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_6.25}), one possessive construction is presented in context with long \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ taking the possessor slot in (\ref{Example_6.25}). (For a detailed discussion of adnominal possessive constructions see \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
D: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti dia ___ maytua tanya, ko dapat ikang di mana
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG ___ wife ask 2SG get fish at where
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later his wife will ask, ``where did you get the fish?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_6.25}), one possessive construction is presented in context with long \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ taking the possessor slot in (\ref{Example_6.25}). (For a detailed discussion of adnominal possessive constructions see \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
B: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
C: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
D: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti dia pu ___ tanya, ko dapat ikang di mana
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 3SG POSS ___ ask 2SG get fish at where
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later his wife will ask, ``where did you get the fish?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_6.25}), one possessive construction is presented in context with long \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ taking the possessor slot in (\ref{Example_6.25}). (For a detailed discussion of adnominal possessive constructions see \chapref{Para_9}.)
A: word: janda	 gloss: widow
B: word: maytua	 gloss: wife
C: word: nene	 gloss: grandmother
D: word: paytua	 gloss: husband
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... ___ dua deng bapa tu sayang dia
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ two with father D.DIST love 3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[but this child] I and (my) husband (emph) love her’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay also employs plural pronouns in inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) dengang} \textsc{np}'' or ``\textsc{pro-pl} (two) with \textsc{np}''. The conjunct that designates the entire set is encoded by a plural \isi{pronoun}. This conjunct is inclusory in that it “identifies a set of participants that includes the one or those referred to by the lexical \isi{noun} phrase”, as \citet[1]{Lichtenberk.2000} points out. Hence it is an “inclusory \isi{pronoun}” (\citeyear*[2]{Lichtenberk.2000}) or, as \citet[33]{Haspelmath.2007c} calls it, an “inclusory conjunct”. In Papuan Malay, both conjuncts are linked by means of overt coordination with the \isi{comitative} marker \textitbf{dengang} ‘with’, with its short form \textitbf{deng}. The inclusory conjunct precedes the included conjunct, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}).
A: word: ise	 gloss: Ise
B: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
D: word: kitong	 gloss: 1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C