cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 518:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wili ko jangang {gara\Tildegara} [tanta dia ___
Gloss (with missing item): Wili 2SG NEG.IMP RDP\Tildeirritate aunt 3SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Wili don’t irritate that aunt!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are four reasons for analyzing the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} expressions in (\ref{Example_6.51}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}) and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} constructions in (\ref{Example_6.69}) to (\ref{Example_6.78}) as \isi{noun} phrases with a pronominal determiner and not as topic-comment constructions.
A: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
B: word: desa	 gloss: village
C: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
D: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 519:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... dasar bodo ___ ko
Gloss (with missing item): ... base be.stupid ___ 2SG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[you (SG) here, do you (SG) have ears (or) not,] (you are of course) stupid, you pig’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: sapi	 gloss: cow
B: word: rabik	 gloss: tear
C: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: babi	 gloss: pig
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 520:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... dasar bodo babi ___
Gloss (with missing item): ... base be.stupid pig ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[you (SG) here, do you (SG) have ears (or) not,] (you are of course) stupid, you pig’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
B: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
C: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: bicara	 gloss: speak
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 521:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa taw ___ ko pu ruma
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG know ___ 2SG POSS house
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I know you older brother’s house’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: komputer	 gloss: computer
B: word: br–ade-kaka	 gloss: VBLZ–siblings
C: word: susana	 gloss: Susana
D: word: kaka	 gloss: oSb
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 522:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa taw kaka ___ pu ruma
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG know oSb ___ POSS house
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I know you older brother’s house’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
B: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
D: word: sentani	 gloss: Sentani
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 523:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti kitong lewat di ___ ko pu kampung itu
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 1PL pass.by at ___ 2SG POSS village D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later we’ll pass by you man’s village there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: mace	 gloss: woman
B: word: pace	 gloss: man
C: word: mama-tua	 gloss: aunt
D: word: bapa	 gloss: father
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 524:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nanti kitong lewat di pace ___ pu kampung itu
Gloss (with missing item): very.soon 1PL pass.by at man ___ POSS village D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘later we’ll pass by you man’s village there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
B: word: ganti	 gloss: replace
C: word: iskia	 gloss: Iskia
D: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 525:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wili ko jangang {gara\Tildegara} ___ dia itu]!
Gloss (with missing item): Wili 2SG NEG.IMP RDP\Tildeirritate ___ 3SG D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Wili don’t irritate that aunt!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: nene	 gloss: grandmother
B: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
C: word: mantang	 gloss: former
D: word: tanta	 gloss: aunt
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 526:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wili ko jangang {gara\Tildegara} [tanta ___ itu]!
Gloss (with missing item): Wili 2SG NEG.IMP RDP\Tildeirritate aunt ___ D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Wili don’t irritate that aunt!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
B: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: tiga	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 527:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wili ko jangang {gara\Tildegara} [tanta dia ___
Gloss (with missing item): Wili 2SG NEG.IMP RDP\Tildeirritate aunt 3SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Wili don’t irritate that aunt!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constthe morpheme ___ents do not remain in-sthe morpheme ___ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: hurki	 gloss: Hurki
B: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
C: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
D: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 528:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... di dano situ di ___ {\bluebold{laki\Tildelaki}} de] pu [tempat situ]]
Gloss (with missing item): ... at lake L.MED at ___ RDP\Tildehusband 3SG POSS place L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[we wanted to pray a whole night while picnicking, at what’s-its-name,] at the lake there, at the older brother’s place there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: martina	 gloss: Martina
B: word: komputer	 gloss: computer
C: word: kaka	 gloss: oSb
D: word: br–ade-kaka	 gloss: VBLZ–siblings
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 529:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... di dano situ di [[kaka {\bluebold{laki\Tildelaki}} ___ pu [tempat situ]]
Gloss (with missing item): ... at lake L.MED at oSb RDP\Tildehusband ___ POSS place L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[we wanted to pray a whole night while picnicking, at what’s-its-name,] at the lake there, at the older brother’s place there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions can occur in positions other than the clause-initial subject slot, as shown with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.62}), (\ref{Example_6.64}), and (\ref{Example_6.65}), and the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.74}). In these positions, however, the respective common nouns cannot be interpreted as topics in topic-comment constructions. This is due to the fact that topicalized constituents do not remain in-situ but are fronted to the clause-initial position (see also Example (\ref{Example_1.4}) in §\ref{Para_1.6.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_1.4}).
A: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: pace	 gloss: man
D: word: deng	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 530:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko itu ko taw kata pis ka tida
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG D.DIST 2SG know word please[E] or NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Eferdina there, do you know the word ``please'' or not?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{its gloss ___} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: berdiri	 gloss: stand
B: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: pis	 gloss: please[E]
D: word: eferdina	 gloss: Eferdina
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 531:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Eferdina ___ itu ko taw kata pis ka tida
Gloss (with missing item): Eferdina ___ D.DIST 2SG know word please[E] or NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Eferdina there, do you know the word ``please'' or not?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
B: word: maytua	 gloss: wife
C: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: fol	 gloss: be.full
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C