cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 589:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bangsat ___ tu tinggal lari ke sana ke mari
Gloss (with missing item): rascal ___ D.DIST stay run to L.DIST to hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you rascals there keep running back and forth’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: babi	 gloss: pig
B: word: kamu	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
D: word: kamu~kamu	 gloss: RDP~2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 590:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bangsat kamu ___ tinggal lari ke sana ke mari
Gloss (with missing item): rascal 2PL ___ stay run to L.DIST to hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you rascals there keep running back and forth’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: mama	 gloss: mother
B: word: tu	 gloss: D.DIST
C: word: satu	 gloss: one
D: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 591:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... di mana ___ dong gong-gong
Gloss (with missing item): ... at where ___ 3PL bark(.at)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[I just ran closing in on the pig] where the dogs were barking’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: banjir	 gloss: flooding
B: word: anjing	 gloss: dog
C: word: petrus	 gloss: Petrus
D: word: eferdina	 gloss: Eferdina
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 592:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... di mana anjing ___ gong-gong
Gloss (with missing item): ... at where dog ___ bark(.at)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[I just ran closing in on the pig] where the dogs were barking’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: desa	 gloss: village
B: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 593:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jadi ___ kitorang ini masak
Gloss (with missing item): so ___ 1PL D.PROX cook
The English translation of this sentence is:‘so we grandmothers here cook’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: nene	 gloss: grandmother
B: word: tanta	 gloss: aunt
C: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: beneraf	 gloss: Beneraf
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 594:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jadi nene ___ ini masak
Gloss (with missing item): so grandmother ___ D.PROX cook
The English translation of this sentence is:‘so we grandmothers here cook’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: bapa	 gloss: father
C: word: torang	 gloss: 1PL
D: word: kitorang	 gloss: 1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 595:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jadi nene kitorang ___ masak
Gloss (with missing item): so grandmother 1PL ___ cook
The English translation of this sentence is:‘so we grandmothers here cook’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: ini	 gloss: D.PROX
B: word: hurki	 gloss: Hurki
C: word: begini	 gloss: like.this
D: word: sini	 gloss: L.PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 596:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kamu tu tinggal lari ke sana ke mari
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2PL D.DIST stay run to L.DIST to hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you rascals there keep running back and forth’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: jepang	 gloss: Japan
B: word: tinus	 gloss: Tinus
C: word: bangsat	 gloss: rascal
D: word: langsung	 gloss: immediately
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 597:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bangsat ___ tu tinggal lari ke sana ke mari
Gloss (with missing item): rascal ___ D.DIST stay run to L.DIST to hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you rascals there keep running back and forth’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: kamu	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: kamu~kamu	 gloss: RDP~2PL
C: word: natanael	 gloss: Natanael
D: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 598:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bangsat kamu ___ tinggal lari ke sana ke mari
Gloss (with missing item): rascal 2PL ___ stay run to L.DIST to hither
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you rascals there keep running back and forth’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: tu	 gloss: D.DIST
B: word: satu	 gloss: one
C: word: orang	 gloss: person
D: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 599:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... di mana ___ dong gong-gong
Gloss (with missing item): ... at where ___ 3PL bark(.at)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[I just ran closing in on the pig] where the dogs were barking’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{dong} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: anjing	 gloss: dog
B: word: petrus	 gloss: Petrus
C: word: banjir	 gloss: flooding
D: word: anging	 gloss: wind
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 600:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... di mana anjing ___ gong-gong
Gloss (with missing item): ... at where dog ___ bark(.at)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[I just ran closing in on the pig] where the dogs were barking’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, the additive interpretation implies referential homogeneity of the group. That is, “every referent of the plural form is also a referent of the stem” \citep[1]{Daniel.2013}. This additive reading of Papuan Malay \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}). In (\ref{Example_6.90}), \textitbf{kitorang} ‘\textsc{1pl}’ denotes the plurality of its bare head nominal \textitbf{nene} ‘grandmother’, while in (\ref{Example_6.91}) \textitbf{kamu} ‘\textsc{2pl}’ signals the plurality of \textitbf{bangsat} ‘rascal’, and in (\ref{Example_6.92}) \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3pl}’ indicates the plurality of \textitbf{anjing} ‘dog’. These examples also show that the referent is always animate. It can be human as in (\ref{Example_6.90}) and (\ref{Example_6.91}), or nonhuman as in (\ref{Example_6.92}); inanimate referents are unattested.
A: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: yang	 gloss: REL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 601:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jadi ___ kitorang ini masak
Gloss (with missing item): so ___ 1PL D.PROX cook
The English translation of this sentence is:‘so we grandmothers here cook’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}) the number of referents is left unspecified. When this number is limited to two, speakers very often use a dual construction, such that ``bare \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua}''. In such a construction, the two referents are not explicitly mentioned but subsumed under the postposed adnominal \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, as in (\ref{Example_6.93}) and (\ref{Example_6.94}).
A: word: tanta	 gloss: aunt
B: word: nene	 gloss: grandmother
C: word: beneraf	 gloss: Beneraf
D: word: anging	 gloss: wind
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 602:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jadi nene ___ ini masak
Gloss (with missing item): so grandmother ___ D.PROX cook
The English translation of this sentence is:‘so we grandmothers here cook’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_6.90}) to (\ref{Example_6.92}) the number of referents is left unspecified. When this number is limited to two, speakers very often use a dual construction, such that ``bare \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua}''. In such a construction, the two referents are not explicitly mentioned but subsumed under the postposed adnominal \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, as in (\ref{Example_6.93}) and (\ref{Example_6.94}).
A: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: sungay	 gloss: river
C: word: kitorang	 gloss: 1PL
D: word: torang	 gloss: 1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C