cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 490:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {jadi} Ise {ni} tong su bilang dia, Ise ... \textbar ... ___ tinggal di sini suda!
Gloss (with missing item): so Ise D.PROX 1PL already say 3SG Ise ... ... ... ___ stay at L.PROX already
The English translation of this sentence is:‘so Ise here, we already told her, ``Ise, you stay here!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions with second person \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, the marked-off nouns function as vocatives, that is, as forms of direct address, such that ``\textsc{voc} \textsc{pro}''. Cross-linguistically, \textsc{voc} \textsc{pro} expressions serve to specify “a person out of a group of persons while using a second person singular \isi{pronoun}” with the vocative \isi{noun} being “separated from the rest of the sentence by intonation” \citep[46]{Bhat.2007}. This strategy of singling out and addressing particular individuals through a \textsc{voc} \textsc{pro} expression is shown in (\ref{Example_6.79}) and (\ref{Example_6.80}), respectively: \textitbf{mama} ‘mother’ and \textitbf{Ise} are vocatives which are set off from second person \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘2\textsc{sg}’ with a distinct \isi{comma intonation} (“{\textbar}”). Hence, these expressions cannot be interpreted as \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
B: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
C: word: sembu	 gloss: be.healed
D: word: tinus	 gloss: Tinus
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 491:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {baru} dia {datang,} {orang} {Jayapura} sana, kawang itu, ___ Senggi ... \textbar ... dia datang de duduk
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 3SG come person Jayapura L.DIST friend D.DIST ___ Senggi ... ... ... 3SG come 3SG sit
The English translation of this sentence is:[Talking about a friend:] ‘and then she came, (the) person (from) Jayapura over there, that friend, (the) person (from) Senggi, she came (and) she sat (down)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions with a \isi{comma intonation} are analyzed as topic-comment constructions. Cross-linguistically, in topic-comment constructions, the “topic is generally expected to continue” and therefore “third its gloss ___ pronouns [{\ldots}] are used in order to represent the continued occurrence of a topic” \citep[209]{Bhat.2007}. This observation also applies to Papuan Malay \textsc{np} {\textbar} \textsc{3sg} expressions, that is, the preposed \isi{noun} phrase signals the topic, while coreferential \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ has comment function. This strategy of forming topic-comment constructions is shown in (\ref{Example_6.81}) and (\ref{Example_6.82}): \textitbf{the morpheme ___ Senggi} and \textitbf{Klara} designate the topics while \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ and \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ function as comments, respectively.
A: word: manusia	 gloss: human.being
B: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
C: word: orang	 gloss: person
D: word: dorang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 492:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {baru} dia {datang,} {orang} {Jayapura} sana, kawang itu, orang ___ ... \textbar ... dia datang de duduk
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 3SG come person Jayapura L.DIST friend D.DIST person ___ ... ... ... 3SG come 3SG sit
The English translation of this sentence is:[Talking about a friend:] ‘and then she came, (the) person (from) Jayapura over there, that friend, (the) person (from) Senggi, she came (and) she sat (down)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions with a \isi{comma intonation} are analyzed as topic-comment constructions. Cross-linguistically, in topic-comment constructions, the “topic is generally expected to continue” and therefore “third person pronouns [{\ldots}] are used in order to represent the continued occurrence of a topic” \citep[209]{Bhat.2007}. This observation also applies to Papuan Malay \textsc{np} {\textbar} \textsc{3sg} expressions, that is, the preposed \isi{noun} phrase signals the topic, while coreferential \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ has comment function. This strategy of forming topic-comment constructions is shown in (\ref{Example_6.81}) and (\ref{Example_6.82}): \textitbf{orang its gloss ___} and \textitbf{Klara} designate the topics while \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ and \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ function as comments, respectively.
A: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
B: word: tinggi	 gloss: be.high
C: word: sarmi	 gloss: Sarmi
D: word: senggi	 gloss: Senggi
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 493:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {baru} dia {datang,} {orang} {Jayapura} sana, kawang itu, orang Senggi ... \textbar ... ___ datang de duduk
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 3SG come person Jayapura L.DIST friend D.DIST person Senggi ... ... ... ___ come 3SG sit
The English translation of this sentence is:[Talking about a friend:] ‘and then she came, (the) person (from) Jayapura over there, that friend, (the) person (from) Senggi, she came (and) she sat (down)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions with a \isi{comma intonation} are analyzed as topic-comment constructions. Cross-linguistically, in topic-comment constructions, the “topic is generally expected to continue” and therefore “third person pronouns [{\ldots}] are used in order to represent the continued occurrence of a topic” \citep[209]{Bhat.2007}. This observation also applies to Papuan Malay \textsc{np} {\textbar} \textsc{3sg} expressions, that is, the preposed \isi{noun} phrase signals the topic, while coreferential \textitbf{the morpheme ___}/\textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ has comment function. This strategy of forming topic-comment constructions is shown in (\ref{Example_6.81}) and (\ref{Example_6.82}): \textitbf{orang Senggi} and \textitbf{Klara} designate the topics while \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ and \textitbf{de} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ function as comments, respectively.
A: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: pendeta	 gloss: pastor
C: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
D: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 494:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Klara ... \textbar ... ___ lompat satu kali tu
Gloss (with missing item): Klara ... ... ... ___ jump one time D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Klara, she jumped once (EMPH)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions with a \isi{comma intonation} are analyzed as topic-comment constructions. Cross-linguistically, in topic-comment constructions, the “topic is generally expected to continue” and therefore “third person pronouns [{\ldots}] are used in orthe morpheme ___r to represent the continued occurrence of a topic” \citep[209]{Bhat.2007}. This observation also applies to Papuan Malay \textsc{np} {\textbar} \textsc{3sg} expressions, that is, the preposed \isi{noun} phrase signals the topic, while coreferential \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ has comment function. This strategy of forming topic-comment constructions is shown in (\ref{Example_6.81}) and (\ref{Example_6.82}): \textitbf{orang Senggi} and \textitbf{Klara} the morpheme ___signate the topics while \textitbf{dia} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{3sg}’ function as comments, respectively.
A: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: prempuang	 gloss: 10pt
C: word: deng	 gloss: with
D: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 495:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko ini ko takut
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG D.PROX 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Topic-comment constructions with no \isi{comma intonation} are also possible, however. In this type of constructions, the topic is expressed in a \isi{noun} phrase with a \isi{pronoun} determiner and \isi{demonstrative} modifier, such that ``\textsc{n pro-sg dem}''. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.67}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.83}), and in (\ref{Example_6.68}) in §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1} (p. \pageref{Example_6.68}). Very often, however, the preposed topical \isi{noun} phrase does not contain a \isi{pronoun} determiner, such that ``\textsc{n dem}''. This is demonstrated with the topic-comment constructions \textitbf{ade ini de} ‘this younger sibling, he/she’ in (\ref{Example_6.84}), and \textitbf{Ise ni de} ‘Ise here, she’ in (\ref{Example_6.85}). In [\textsc{n (pro-sg) dem]} \textsc{pro-sg} topic-comment constructions, the \isi{demonstrative} sets aside the topic, and therefore no \isi{comma intonation} is needed.
A: word: barce	 gloss: Barce
B: word: pante-barat	 gloss: Pante-Barat
C: word: dari	 gloss: from
D: word: baru	 gloss: and.then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 496:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Barce ___ ini ko takut
Gloss (with missing item): Barce ___ D.PROX 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Topic-comment constructions with no \isi{comma intonation} are also possible, however. In this type of constructions, the topic is expressed in a \isi{noun} phrase with a \isi{pronoun} determiner and \isi{demonstrative} modifier, such that ``\textsc{n pro-sg dem}''. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.67}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.83}), and in (\ref{Example_6.68}) in §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1} (p. \pageref{Example_6.68}). Very often, however, the preposed topical \isi{noun} phrase does not contain a \isi{pronoun} determiner, such that ``\textsc{n dem}''. This is demonstrated with the topic-comment constructions \textitbf{ade ini de} ‘this younger sibling, he/she’ in (\ref{Example_6.84}), and \textitbf{Ise ni de} ‘Ise here, she’ in (\ref{Example_6.85}). In [\textsc{n (pro-sg) dem]} \textsc{pro-sg} topic-comment constructions, the \isi{demonstrative} sets aside the topic, and therefore no \isi{comma intonation} is needed.
A: word: sɛ̞ntɛ̞r̥	 gloss: flashlight
B: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
C: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: derang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 497:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Barce ko ___ ko takut
Gloss (with missing item): Barce 2SG ___ 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Topic-comment constructions with no \isi{comma intonation} are also possible, however. In this type of constructions, the topic is expressed in a \isi{noun} phrase with a \isi{pronoun} determiner and \isi{demonstrative} modifier, such that ``\textsc{n pro-sg dem}''. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.67}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.83}), and in (\ref{Example_6.68}) in §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1} (p. \pageref{Example_6.68}). Very often, however, the preposed topical \isi{noun} phrase does not contain a \isi{pronoun} determiner, such that ``\textsc{n dem}''. This is demonstrated with the topic-comment constructions \textitbf{ade the morpheme ___ de} ‘this younger sibling, he/she’ in (\ref{Example_6.84}), and \textitbf{Ise ni de} ‘Ise here, she’ in (\ref{Example_6.85}). In [\textsc{n (pro-sg) dem]} \textsc{pro-sg} topic-comment constructions, the \isi{demonstrative} sets aside the topic, and therefore no \isi{comma intonation} is needed.
A: word: ini	 gloss: D.PROX
B: word: begini	 gloss: like.this
C: word: kamu	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: sini	 gloss: L.PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 498:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko ini] [ko] takut
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG D.PROX 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Topic-comment constructions with no \isi{comma intonation} are also possible, however. In this type of constructions, the topic is expressed in a \isi{noun} phrase with a \isi{pronoun} determiner and \isi{demonstrative} modifier, such that ``\textsc{n pro-sg dem}''. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.67}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.83}), and in (\ref{Example_6.68}) in §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1} (p. \pageref{Example_6.68}). Very often, however, the preposed topical \isi{noun} phrase does not contain a \isi{pronoun} determiner, such that ``\textsc{n dem}''. This is demonstrated with the topic-comment constructions \textitbf{ade ini de} ‘this younger sibling, he/she’ in (\ref{Example_6.84}), and \textitbf{Ise ni de} ‘Ise here, she’ in (\ref{Example_6.85}). In [\textsc{n (pro-sg) dem]} \textsc{pro-sg} topic-comment constructions, the \isi{demonstrative} sets aside the topic, and therefore no \isi{comma intonation} is needed.
A: word: desa	 gloss: village
B: word: pante-barat	 gloss: Pante-Barat
C: word: baru	 gloss: and.then
D: word: barce	 gloss: Barce
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 499:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [Barce ___ ini] [ko] takut
Gloss (with missing item): Barce ___ D.PROX 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Topic-comment constructions with no \isi{comma intonation} are also possible, however. In this type of constructions, the topic is expressed in a \isi{noun} phrase with a \isi{pronoun} determiner and \isi{demonstrative} modifier, such that ``\textsc{n pro-sg dem}''. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.67}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.83}), and in (\ref{Example_6.68}) in §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1} (p. \pageref{Example_6.68}). Very often, however, the preposed topical \isi{noun} phrase does not contain a \isi{pronoun} determiner, such that ``\textsc{n dem}''. This is demonstrated with the topic-comment constructions \textitbf{ade ini de} ‘this younger sibling, he/she’ in (\ref{Example_6.84}), and \textitbf{Ise ni de} ‘Ise here, she’ in (\ref{Example_6.85}). In [\textsc{n (pro-sg) dem]} \textsc{pro-sg} topic-comment constructions, the \isi{demonstrative} sets aside the topic, and therefore no \isi{comma intonation} is needed.
A: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
B: word: mama-ade	 gloss: aunt
C: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
D: word: maka	 gloss: therefore
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 500:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [Barce ko ___ [ko] takut
Gloss (with missing item): Barce 2SG ___ 2SG feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Topic-comment constructions with no \isi{comma intonation} are also possible, however. In this type of constructions, the topic is expressed in a \isi{noun} phrase with a \isi{pronoun} determiner and \isi{demonstrative} modifier, such that ``\textsc{n pro-sg dem}''. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.67}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.83}), and in (\ref{Example_6.68}) in §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1} (p. \pageref{Example_6.68}). Very often, however, the preposed topical \isi{noun} phrase does not contain a \isi{pronoun} determiner, such that ``\textsc{n dem}''. This is demonstrated with the topic-comment constructions \textitbf{ade the morpheme ___ de} ‘this younger sibling, he/she’ in (\ref{Example_6.84}), and \textitbf{Ise ni de} ‘Ise here, she’ in (\ref{Example_6.85}). In [\textsc{n (pro-sg) dem]} \textsc{pro-sg} topic-comment constructions, the \isi{demonstrative} sets aside the topic, and therefore no \isi{comma intonation} is needed.
A: word: begini	 gloss: like.this
B: word: pace	 gloss: man
C: word: sini	 gloss: L.PROX
D: word: ini	 gloss: D.PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 501:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [Barce ko ini] ___ takut
Gloss (with missing item): Barce 2SG D.PROX ___ feel.afraid(.of)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Barce here, you feel afraid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Topic-comment constructions with no \isi{comma intonation} are also possible, however. In this type of constructions, the topic is expressed in a \isi{noun} phrase with a \isi{pronoun} determiner and \isi{demonstrative} modifier, such that ``\textsc{n pro-sg dem}''. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.67}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.83}), and in (\ref{Example_6.68}) in §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1} (p. \pageref{Example_6.68}). Very often, however, the preposed topical \isi{noun} phrase does not contain a \isi{pronoun} determiner, such that ``\textsc{n dem}''. This is demonstrated with the topic-comment constructions \textitbf{ade ini de} ‘this younger sibling, he/she’ in (\ref{Example_6.84}), and \textitbf{Ise ni de} ‘Ise here, she’ in (\ref{Example_6.85}). In [\textsc{n (pro-sg) dem]} \textsc{pro-sg} topic-comment constructions, the \isi{demonstrative} sets aside the topic, and therefore no \isi{comma intonation} is needed.
A: word: rahab	 gloss: Rahab
B: word: istirahat	 gloss: rest
C: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
D: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 502:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ko itu ko taw kata pis ka tida
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 2SG D.DIST 2SG know word please[E] or NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Eferdina there, do you know the word ``please'' or not?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Topic-comment constructions with no \isi{comma intonation} are also possible, however. In this type of constructions, the topic is expressed in a \isi{noun} phrase with a \isi{pronoun} determiner and \isi{demonstrative} modifier, such that ``\textsc{n pro-sg dem}''. This is illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.67}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.83}), and in (\ref{Example_6.68}) in §\ref{Para_6.2.1.1} (p. \pageref{Example_6.68}). Very often, however, the preposed topical \isi{noun} phrase does not contain a \isi{pronoun} determiner, such that ``\textsc{n dem}''. This is demonstrated with the topic-comment constructions \textitbf{ade ini de} ‘this younger sibling, he/she’ in (\ref{Example_6.84}), and \textitbf{Ise ni de} ‘Ise here, she’ in (\ref{Example_6.85}). In [\textsc{n (pro-sg) dem]} \textsc{pro-sg} topic-comment constructions, the \isi{demonstrative} sets aside the topic, and therefore no \isi{comma intonation} is needed.
A: word: pis	 gloss: please[E]
B: word: berdiri	 gloss: stand
C: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
D: word: eferdina	 gloss: Eferdina
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D