cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 390:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {Martin} {dia} {lewat} {tete,} {de} {lompat} {mo} pukul Fitri ... Fitri kas naik kaki di sini, Martin ___ jatu, dia lari ke mari, dia mo pukul Fitri
Gloss (with missing item): Martin 3sg pass.by grandfather 3sg jump want hit Fitri ... Fitri give ascend foot at L.PROX Martin ___ fall 3SG run to hither 3SG want hit Fitri
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a fight between Fitri and Martin:] ‘Martin went past grandfather, he jumped (and) wanted to hit Fitri [and Fitri caught his foot and] Fitri kicked (Martin) here, you Martin fell, (then) he ran (over) here, he wanted to hit Fitri’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The example in (\ref{Example_6.59}) is part of a story about a fight between \textitbf{Martin} and \textitbf{Fitri}, with the speaker relating how \textitbf{Martin} attacked \textitbf{Fitri}. Notably, neither \textitbf{Martin} nor \textitbf{Fitri} were present when the speaker recounted the incident. When mentioned the first time, \textitbf{Martin} is marked as a third-person actor, as is typical of narratives with non-speech-act participants. Later in the discourse, however, \textitbf{Martin} is marked as the addressee. More specifically, the speaker first refers to \textitbf{Martin} with the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{Martin dia lewat} ‘Martin went past’ (literally ‘he Martin’) (see also §\ref{Para_6.2.1.2}). Next, the speaker refers to \textitbf{Martin} with the third person singular \isi{pronoun} in \textitbf{de lompat} ‘he jumped’. Now \textitbf{Fitri} returns the attack and kicks \textitbf{Martin} badly. At this point, the speaker interrupts the flow of her narrative about the two non-speech-act participants and employs the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{Martin the morpheme ___} ‘you Martin’ to relate that \textitbf{Martin} fell to the ground. In turning away from her audience and addressing absent \textitbf{Martin}, the speaker gives “emotional impetus” to the fact that \textitbf{Martin} went down after having been kicked by a woman, thereby creating an emotional reaction in her audience.
A: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
B: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
C: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: mungking	 gloss: maybe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 391:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... ___ ko datang suda, hujang besar datang suda
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ 2SG come already rain be.big come already
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a storm during a boat trip:] ‘you wind already came up, a big rain already came up’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} apostrophes are also formed with nonhuman referents. They “imply a \textstyleChItalic{personification} of the nonhuman object that is addressed” {(Abrams and Harpham 2009: 314)}. In (\ref{Example_6.60}), for instance, the speaker recounts a stormy boat trip. Suddenly, she turns away from her audience to address the main protagonist \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{the morpheme ___ ko} ‘you its gloss ___’. In the example in (\ref{Example_6.1}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.61}), the speaker relates how one of his ancestors came down to the coast. Seeing the ocean for the first time, he mistakes it for a wide river. At this point the speaker turns away from his audience to address this \textitbf{sungay} ‘river’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{sungay ko} ‘you river’. Note that the \isi{apostrophe} is part of an appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} construction with preposed \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, such that \textitbf{ko sungay ko} ‘you, you river’ (see §\ref{Para_6.1.6}).
A: word: dinging	 gloss: be.cold
B: word: tiga	 gloss: one
C: word: langit	 gloss: sky
D: word: anging	 gloss: wind
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 392:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... anging ___ datang suda, hujang besar datang suda
Gloss (with missing item): ... wind ___ come already rain be.big come already
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a storm during a boat trip:] ‘you wind already came up, a big rain already came up’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} apostrophes are also formed with nonhuman referents. They “imply a \textstyleChItalic{personification} of the nonhuman object that is addressed” {(Abrams and Harpham 2009: 314)}. In (\ref{Example_6.60}), for instance, the speaker recounts a stormy boat trip. Suddenly, she turns away from her audience to address the main protagonist \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{anging the morpheme ___} ‘you wind’. In the example in (\ref{Example_6.1}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.61}), the speaker relates how one of his ancestors came down to the coast. Seeing the ocean for the first time, he mistakes it for a wide river. At this point the speaker turns away from his audience to address this \textitbf{sungay} ‘river’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you river’. Note that the \isi{apostrophe} is part of an appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} construction with preposed \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, such that \textitbf{the morpheme ___ sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you, you river’ (see §\ref{Para_6.1.6}).
A: word: lurus	 gloss: be.straight
B: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
C: word: anjing	 gloss: dog
D: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 393:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, ___ sungay ko bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see ___ river 2SG be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} apostrophes are also formed with nonhuman referents. They “imply a \textstyleChItalic{personification} of the nonhuman object that is addressed” {(Abrams and Harpham 2009: 314)}. In (\ref{Example_6.60}), for instance, the speaker recounts a stormy boat trip. Suddenly, she turns away from her audience to address the main protagonist \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{anging the morpheme ___} ‘you wind’. In the example in (\ref{Example_6.1}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.61}), the speaker relates how one of his ancestors came down to the coast. Seeing the ocean for the first time, he mistakes it for a wide river. At this point the speaker turns away from his audience to address this \textitbf{sungay} ‘river’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you river’. Note that the \isi{apostrophe} is part of an appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} construction with preposed \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, such that \textitbf{the morpheme ___ sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you, you river’ (see §\ref{Para_6.1.6}).
A: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
B: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: ikat	 gloss: tie.up
D: word: markus	 gloss: Markus
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 394:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, ko ___ ko bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see 2SG ___ 2SG be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} apostrophes are also formed with nonhuman referents. They “imply a \textstyleChItalic{personification} of the nonhuman object that is addressed” {(Abrams and Harpham 2009: 314)}. In (\ref{Example_6.60}), for instance, the speaker recounts a stormy boat trip. Suddenly, she turns away from her audience to address the main protagonist \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{anging ko} ‘you wind’. In the example in (\ref{Example_6.1}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.61}), the speaker relates how one of his ancestors came down to the coast. Seeing the ocean for the first time, he mistakes it for a wide its gloss ___. At this point the speaker turns away from his audience to address this \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{the morpheme ___ ko} ‘you its gloss ___’. Note that the \isi{apostrophe} is part of an appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} construction with preposed \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, such that \textitbf{ko the morpheme ___ ko} ‘you, you its gloss ___’ (see §\ref{Para_6.1.6}).
A: word: sarles	 gloss: Sarles
B: word: sungay	 gloss: river
C: word: langsung	 gloss: immediately
D: word: air	 gloss: water
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 395:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, ko sungay ___ bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see 2SG river ___ be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} apostrophes are also formed with nonhuman referents. They “imply a \textstyleChItalic{personification} of the nonhuman object that is addressed” {(Abrams and Harpham 2009: 314)}. In (\ref{Example_6.60}), for instance, the speaker recounts a stormy boat trip. Suddenly, she turns away from her audience to address the main protagonist \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{anging the morpheme ___} ‘you wind’. In the example in (\ref{Example_6.1}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.61}), the speaker relates how one of his ancestors came down to the coast. Seeing the ocean for the first time, he mistakes it for a wide river. At this point the speaker turns away from his audience to address this \textitbf{sungay} ‘river’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you river’. Note that the \isi{apostrophe} is part of an appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} construction with preposed \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, such that \textitbf{the morpheme ___ sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you, you river’ (see §\ref{Para_6.1.6}).
A: word: waim	 gloss: Waim
B: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
C: word: manis	 gloss: be.sweet
D: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 396:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, ___ [sungay ko] bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see ___ river 2SG be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} apostrophes are also formed with nonhuman referents. They “imply a \textstyleChItalic{personification} of the nonhuman object that is addressed” {(Abrams and Harpham 2009: 314)}. In (\ref{Example_6.60}), for instance, the speaker recounts a stormy boat trip. Suddenly, she turns away from her audience to address the main protagonist \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{anging the morpheme ___} ‘you wind’. In the example in (\ref{Example_6.1}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.61}), the speaker relates how one of his ancestors came down to the coast. Seeing the ocean for the first time, he mistakes it for a wide river. At this point the speaker turns away from his audience to address this \textitbf{sungay} ‘river’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you river’. Note that the \isi{apostrophe} is part of an appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} construction with preposed \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, such that \textitbf{the morpheme ___ sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you, you river’ (see §\ref{Para_6.1.6}).
A: word: ipa	 gloss: natural.sciences
B: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
C: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
D: word: sentani	 gloss: Sentani
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 397:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, [ko] ___ ko] bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see 2SG ___ 2SG be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} apostrophes are also formed with nonhuman referents. They “imply a \textstyleChItalic{personification} of the nonhuman object that is addressed” {(Abrams and Harpham 2009: 314)}. In (\ref{Example_6.60}), for instance, the speaker recounts a stormy boat trip. Suddenly, she turns away from her audience to address the main protagonist \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{anging ko} ‘you wind’. In the example in (\ref{Example_6.1}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.61}), the speaker relates how one of his ancestors came down to the coast. Seeing the ocean for the first time, he mistakes it for a wide its gloss ___. At this point the speaker turns away from his audience to address this \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{the morpheme ___ ko} ‘you its gloss ___’. Note that the \isi{apostrophe} is part of an appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} construction with preposed \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, such that \textitbf{ko the morpheme ___ ko} ‘you, you its gloss ___’ (see §\ref{Para_6.1.6}).
A: word: katalq	 gloss: Katalq
B: word: langsung	 gloss: immediately
C: word: sungay	 gloss: river
D: word: air	 gloss: water
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 398:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tida perna dia liat, [ko] [sungay ___ bisa terbuka begini
Gloss (with missing item): ... NEG once 3SG see 2SG river ___ be.able be.opened like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:[Seeing the ocean for the first time:] ‘[never before has he seen, what, a river that is so very big like this ocean,] never before has he seen you, you river can be wide like this?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} apostrophes are also formed with nonhuman referents. They “imply a \textstyleChItalic{personification} of the nonhuman object that is addressed” {(Abrams and Harpham 2009: 314)}. In (\ref{Example_6.60}), for instance, the speaker recounts a stormy boat trip. Suddenly, she turns away from her audience to address the main protagonist \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{anging the morpheme ___} ‘you wind’. In the example in (\ref{Example_6.1}), repeated as (\ref{Example_6.61}), the speaker relates how one of his ancestors came down to the coast. Seeing the ocean for the first time, he mistakes it for a wide river. At this point the speaker turns away from his audience to address this \textitbf{sungay} ‘river’ with the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrase \textitbf{sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you river’. Note that the \isi{apostrophe} is part of an appositional \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} construction with preposed \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{2sg}’, such that \textitbf{the morpheme ___ sungay the morpheme ___} ‘you, you river’ (see §\ref{Para_6.1.6}).
A: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
B: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: kring	 gloss: be.dry
D: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 399:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de bilang, ___ ko bisa liat orang di luar?
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG say ___ 2SG be.able see person at outside
The English translation of this sentence is:[About hospitality:] ‘[(my father said to me,) ``if you close the door, can you see the people outside?'',] he said, ``can you Natalia see the people outside?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the corpus, \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases typically take the subject slot in clause-initial position, as in (\ref{Example_6.57}) to (\ref{Example_6.61}). There are a few exceptions, however: in (\ref{Example_6.62}) \textitbf{babi ko} ‘you pig’ occurs as an exclamation in clause-final position; in (\ref{Example_6.64}) \textitbf{kaka ko} ‘you older sibling’ denotes the possessor in an \isi{adnominal possessive construction} which, in turn, takes the clausal object slot; and in (\ref{Example_6.65}) \textitbf{pace ko} ‘you man’ expresses the possessor in an \isi{adnominal possessive construction} which, in turn, takes the complement slot in a \isi{prepositional phrase}. The referent can be encoded with a common \isi{noun} as in (\ref{Example_6.62}), a \isi{proper noun} as in (\ref{Example_6.67}), or a \isi{noun} phrase with an adnominal modifier as in (\ref{Example_6.63}). The referent is typically human; it can, however, also be inanimate such as \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ in (\ref{Example_6.60}).
A: word: martina	 gloss: Martina
B: word: babi	 gloss: pig
C: word: natalia	 gloss: Natalia
D: word: natal	 gloss: Christmas
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 400:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de bilang, Natalia ___ bisa liat orang di luar?
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG say Natalia ___ be.able see person at outside
The English translation of this sentence is:[About hospitality:] ‘[(my father said to me,) ``if you close the door, can you see the people outside?'',] he said, ``can you Natalia see the people outside?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In the corpus, \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases typically take the subject slot in clause-initial position, as in (\ref{Example_6.57}) to (\ref{Example_6.61}). There are a few exceptions, however: in (\ref{Example_6.62}) \textitbf{babi the morpheme ___} ‘you pig’ occurs as an exclamation in clause-final position; in (\ref{Example_6.64}) \textitbf{kaka the morpheme ___} ‘you older sibling’ denotes the possessor in an \isi{adnominal possessive construction} which, in turn, takes the clausal object slot; and in (\ref{Example_6.65}) \textitbf{pace the morpheme ___} ‘you man’ expresses the possessor in an \isi{adnominal possessive construction} which, in turn, takes the complement slot in a \isi{prepositional phrase}. The referent can be encoded with a common \isi{noun} as in (\ref{Example_6.62}), a \isi{proper noun} as in (\ref{Example_6.67}), or a \isi{noun} phrase with an adnominal modifier as in (\ref{Example_6.63}). The referent is typically human; it can, however, also be inanimate such as \textitbf{anging} ‘wind’ in (\ref{Example_6.60}).
A: word: skola	 gloss: go.to.school
B: word: ko	 gloss: 2SG
C: word: tutup	 gloss: close
D: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B