cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 181:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kam dua ___ Isabela pergi cek kapal di plabuang
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL two ___ Isabela go check ship at harbor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you(SG) and Isabela go check the ship at the harbor’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) the morpheme ___ang} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases its gloss ___ an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the two sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual construction \textitbf{dorang dua} ‘they two’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases its gloss ___ an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: sama	 gloss: to
B: word: deng	 gloss: with
C: word: dengang	 gloss: with
D: word: dang	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 182:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kam dua deng ___ pergi cek kapal di plabuang
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL two with ___ go check ship at harbor
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you(SG) and Isabela go check the ship at the harbor’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) dengang} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the two sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual construction \textitbf{dorang dua} ‘they two’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: sofia	 gloss: Sofia
B: word: isabela	 gloss: Isabela
C: word: bisa	 gloss: be.able
D: word: kitong	 gloss: 1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 183:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dua dengang Natanael pu maytua langsung pake spit
Gloss (with missing item): ___ two with Natanael POSS wife immediately use speedboat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he/she and Natanael’s wife immediately took the speedboat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) dengang} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the two sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual construction \textitbf{dorang dua} ‘they two’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: prempuang	 gloss: 10pt
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 184:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {dong} ___ dengang Natanael pu maytua langsung pake spit
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ with Natanael POSS wife immediately use speedboat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he/she and Natanael’s wife immediately took the speedboat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(the morpheme ___) dengang} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the its gloss ___ sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal the morpheme ___l constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal the morpheme ___l construction \textitbf{dorang the morpheme ___} ‘they its gloss ___’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: siduasi	 gloss: Siduas
B: word: kedua	 gloss: second
C: word: dua	 gloss: two
D: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 185:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {dong} dua ___ Natanael pu maytua langsung pake spit
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL two ___ Natanael POSS wife immediately use speedboat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he/she and Natanael’s wife immediately took the speedboat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) the morpheme ___} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases its gloss ___ an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the two sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual construction \textitbf{dorang dua} ‘they two’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases its gloss ___ an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: mambramo	 gloss: Mambramo
B: word: dengang	 gloss: with
C: word: dang	 gloss: and
D: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 186:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {dong} dua dengang ___ pu maytua langsung pake spit
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL two with ___ POSS wife immediately use speedboat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he/she and Natanael’s wife immediately took the speedboat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) dengang} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the two sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual construction \textitbf{dorang dua} ‘they two’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: isabela	 gloss: Isabela
B: word: datang	 gloss: come
C: word: natanael	 gloss: Natanael
D: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 187:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {dong} dua dengang Natanael ___ maytua langsung pake spit
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL two with Natanael ___ wife immediately use speedboat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he/she and Natanael’s wife immediately took the speedboat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Pathe morpheme ___an Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) dengang} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the two sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Pathe morpheme ___an Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual construction \textitbf{dorang dua} ‘they two’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: hendro	 gloss: POSSR
B: word: pukul	 gloss: hit
C: word: anjing	 gloss: dog
D: word: pu	 gloss: POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 188:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {dong} dua dengang Natanael pu ___ langsung pake spit
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL two with Natanael POSS ___ immediately use speedboat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he/she and Natanael’s wife immediately took the speedboat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) dengang} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the two sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{bapa} ‘father’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual construction \textitbf{dorang dua} ‘they two’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: saya	 gloss: 1SG
B: word: maytua	 gloss: wife
C: word: paytua	 gloss: husband
D: word: janda	 gloss: widow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 189:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dorang dua pulang hari minggu cepat
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL two go.home day Sunday be.fast
The English translation of this sentence is:‘father and he returned home quickly on Sunday’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Papuan Malay inclusory \isi{conjunction} constructions, that is, ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{(dua) dengang} \textsc{np}’ constructions, are also distinct from ``\textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl}'' \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading. The pragmatic differences between the constituent order found in (\ref{Example_6.26}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}) as compared to that found in (\ref{Example_6.33}) are similar to the differences found in \ili{Toqabaqit}, another \ili{Austronesian} language, as observed by \citet[27]{Lichtenberk.2000}: the contrast concerns “the relative degrees of discourse salience of the two sets of participants, the overtly and the covertly encoded ones”. This contrast also applies to Papuan Malay. In (\ref{Example_6.28}) to (\ref{Example_6.29}), the covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual constructions are more salient and therefore mentioned first. The overtly encoded participants, by contrast, are less salient and therefore mentioned second. In the \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrase in (\ref{Example_6.33}), by contrast, the overtly encoded participant \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ is more salient and therefore mentioned first. The covertly encoded participants subsumed under the adnominal dual construction \textitbf{dorang dua} ‘they two’ are less salient and of subordinate status. (For details on \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases with an \isi{associative} inclusory plural reading, see §\ref{Para_6.2.2.2}.)
A: word: bapa	 gloss: father
B: word: bapa-ade	 gloss: uncle
C: word: tete	 gloss: grandfather
D: word: dengang	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A