cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 313:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... sa maki dorang ___ prempuang di situ
Gloss (with missing item): ... 1SG abuse.verbally 3PL ___ woman at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[last month,] I verbally abused them, several women, there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most often appositional constructions are formed with plural pronouns, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textsc{np}''. Semantically, \textsc{pro-pl} \textsc{np} are distinct from \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{np} constructions in that they not only indicate the definiteness of the apposited \isi{noun} phrases, but also their plurality, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.44}) to (\ref{Example_6.47}). For instance, \textitbf{pemuda} ‘youth’ in (\ref{Example_6.44}) or \textitbf{IPA satu} ‘Natural Science I (student)’ in (\ref{Example_6.45}) receive their plural reading from the preceding plural pronouns. If deemed necessary, speakers can specify the number of the apposited \isi{noun} phrases with an adnominal \isi{numeral} or \isi{quantifier}, as in \textitbf{tiga orang itu} ‘those three people’ in (\ref{Example_6.46}), or in \textitbf{the morpheme ___ prempuang} ‘its gloss ___ women’ in (\ref{Example_6.47}).
A: word: parapara	 gloss: platform
B: word: banyak	 gloss: many
C: word: brapa	 gloss: several
D: word: tong	 gloss: 1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 314:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... sa maki dorang brapa ___ di situ
Gloss (with missing item): ... 1SG abuse.verbally 3PL several ___ at L.MED
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[last month,] I verbally abused them, several women, there’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most often appositional constructions are formed with plural pronouns, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textsc{np}''. Semantically, \textsc{pro-pl} \textsc{np} are distinct from \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{np} constructions in that they not only indicate the definiteness of the apposited \isi{noun} phrases, but also their plurality, as shown in (\ref{Example_6.44}) to (\ref{Example_6.47}). For instance, \textitbf{pemuda} ‘youth’ in (\ref{Example_6.44}) or \textitbf{IPA satu} ‘Natural Science I (student)’ in (\ref{Example_6.45}) receive their plural reading from the preceding plural pronouns. If deemed necessary, speakers can specify the number of the apposited \isi{noun} phrases with an adnominal \isi{numeral} or \isi{quantifier}, as in \textitbf{tiga orang itu} ‘those three people’ in (\ref{Example_6.46}), or in \textitbf{brapa the morpheme ___} ‘several women’ in (\ref{Example_6.47}).
A: word: prempuang	 gloss: woman
B: word: kaka	 gloss: oSb
C: word: maytua	 gloss: wife
D: word: uang	 gloss: money
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 315:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dua ade kaka itu Agus dengang Fredi tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): ___ two ySb oSb D.DIST Agus with Fredi NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the two of them, those siblings, Agus and Fredi, are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encoded by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to two, Papuan Malay speakers also use dual constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the dual constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were analyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an individuating function given that other pre-head determiners, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an individuating function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an analysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an individuating function. (For a discussion of the determiner function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: dorang	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: pendeta	 gloss: pastor
C: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 316:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dorang ___ ade kaka itu Agus dengang Fredi tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ ySb oSb D.DIST Agus with Fredi NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the two of them, those siblings, Agus and Fredi, are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encoded by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to its gloss ___, Papuan Malay speakers also use the morpheme ___l constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the the morpheme ___l constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were analyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an indivithe morpheme ___ting function given that other pre-head determiners, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an indivithe morpheme ___ting function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an analysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an indivithe morpheme ___ting function. (For a discussion of the determiner function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: dua	 gloss: two
B: word: kedua	 gloss: second
C: word: siduasi	 gloss: Siduas
D: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 317:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dorang dua ___ kaka itu Agus dengang Fredi tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL two ___ oSb D.DIST Agus with Fredi NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the two of them, those siblings, Agus and Fredi, are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encoded by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to two, Papuan Malay speakers also use dual constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the dual constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were analyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an individuating function given that other pre-head determiners, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an individuating function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an analysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an individuating function. (For a discussion of the determiner function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: ade	 gloss: ySb
B: word: desa	 gloss: village
C: word: mama-ade	 gloss: aunt
D: word: tinus	 gloss: Tinus
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 318:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dorang dua ade ___ itu Agus dengang Fredi tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL two ySb ___ D.DIST Agus with Fredi NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the two of them, those siblings, Agus and Fredi, are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encoded by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to two, Papuan Malay speakers also use dual constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the dual constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were analyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an individuating function given that other pre-head determiners, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an individuating function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an analysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an individuating function. (For a discussion of the determiner function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: br–ade-kaka	 gloss: VBLZ–siblings
B: word: kaka	 gloss: oSb
C: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: komputer	 gloss: computer
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 319:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dorang dua ade kaka ___ Agus dengang Fredi tra baik
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL two ySb oSb ___ Agus with Fredi NEG be.good
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the two of them, those siblings, Agus and Fredi, are not good’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encoded by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to two, Papuan Malay speakers also use dual constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the dual constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were analyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an individuating function given that other pre-head determiners, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an individuating function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an analysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an individuating function. (For a discussion of the determiner function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
B: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
C: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
D: word: sama	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 320:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... yo, akirnya ___ ... \textbar ... mama berdoa berdoa
Gloss (with missing item): ... yes finally ___ ... ... ... mother pray pray
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[so in fifth grade she broke-off school,] yes, finally I, (a/her) mother, prayed (and) prayed’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encoded by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to two, Papuan Malay speakers also use dual constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the dual constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were analyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an individuating function given that other pre-head determiners, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an individuating function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an analysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an individuating function. (For a discussion of the determiner function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
B: word: bisa	 gloss: be.able
C: word: sa	 gloss: 1SG
D: word: mama-tua	 gloss: aunt
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 321:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... yo, akirnya sa ... \textbar ... ___ berdoa berdoa
Gloss (with missing item): ... yes finally 1SG ... ... ... ___ pray pray
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[so in fifth grade she broke-off school,] yes, finally I, (a/her) mother, prayed (and) prayed’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encoded by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to two, Papuan Malay speakers also use dual constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the dual constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were analyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an individuating function given that other pre-head determiners, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an individuating function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an analysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an individuating function. (For a discussion of the determiner function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: orang-tua	 gloss: parent
B: word: mama-ade	 gloss: aunt
C: word: desa	 gloss: village
D: word: mama	 gloss: mother
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 322:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tapi ___ ana juga cepat ikut terpengaru
Gloss (with missing item): ... but ___ child also be.fast follow be.influenced
The English translation of this sentence is:‘\ldots but he/she, a kid, also quickly follows (others) to be influenced’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encothe morpheme ___d by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to two, Papuan Malay speakers also use dual constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the dual constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were analyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be analyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an individuating function given that other pre-head the morpheme ___terminers, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an individuating function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an analysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an individuating function. (For a discussion of the the morpheme ___terminer function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: bangsat	 gloss: rascal
B: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
D: word: deng	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 323:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tapi de ___ juga cepat ikut terpengaru
Gloss (with missing item): ... but 3SG ___ also be.fast follow be.influenced
The English translation of this sentence is:‘\ldots but he/she, a kid, also quickly follows (others) to be influenced’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the number of referents encoded by the apposited \isi{noun} phrase is limited to two, Papuan Malay speakers also use dual constructions in which the \isi{pronoun} is modified with the \isi{numeral} \textitbf{dua} ‘two’, such that ``\textsc{pro-pl} \textitbf{dua} \textsc{np}'', as in (\ref{Example_6.48}). In the corpus, however, such constructions are rare and the dual constructions are always formed with the third person plural \isi{pronoun}.\footnote{The \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions presented in this section were the morpheme ___lyzed as appositions. One question for further research is whether these constructions could instead be the morpheme ___lyzed as \isi{noun} phrases with pre-head pronouns. It is expected that such preposed pronouns would have an individuating function given that other pre-head determiners, namely numerals and quantifiers, also have an individuating function (see §\ref{Para_8.3}). One problem with such an the morpheme ___lysis, however, would be \textsc{pro} \textsc{np} constructions with singular pronouns, as in (\ref{Example_6.39}) to (\ref{Example_6.43}), given that singular pronouns would hardly have an individuating function. (For a discussion of the determiner function of post-head pronouns see §\ref{Para_6.2}.)}
A: word: ana	 gloss: child
B: word: tiga	 gloss: one
C: word: bayi	 gloss: baby
D: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A