cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 559:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Eferdina ko ___ ko taw kata pis ka tida
Gloss (with missing item): Eferdina 2SG ___ 2SG know word please[E] or NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Eferdina there, do you know the word ``please'' or not?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
B: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
C: word: prempuang	 gloss: 10pt
D: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 560:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ de], [pace de] mandi rapi, de mandi rapi
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG man 3SG bathe be.neat 3SG bathe be.neat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the man, the man bathed neatly, he bathed neatly’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fourth, the corpus includes a number of utterances, in which speakers repeat an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression as a form of hesitation or delay; in each case the \isi{pronoun} is third person \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{de} ‘3\textsc{sg}’. Two of these repetitions are presented in (\ref{Example_6.86}) and (\ref{Example_6.87}). It is noted that the speakers do not repeat the respective bare nouns \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ and \textitbf{Markus}, but the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions \textitbf{the morpheme ___ de} ‘the its gloss ___’ (literally ‘he its gloss ___’) and \textitbf{Markus de} ‘Markus’ (literally ‘he Markus’). This suggests that they perceive these expressions to be cohesive entities which, in turn, supports their analysis as single \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: bapa	 gloss: father
B: word: mace	 gloss: woman
C: word: pace	 gloss: man
D: word: mama-tua	 gloss: aunt
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 561:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [pace ___ [pace de] mandi rapi, de mandi rapi
Gloss (with missing item): man ___ man 3SG bathe be.neat 3SG bathe be.neat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the man, the man bathed neatly, he bathed neatly’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fourth, the corpus incluthe morpheme ___s a number of utterances, in which speakers repeat an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression as a form of hesitation or the morpheme ___lay; in each case the \isi{pronoun} is third person \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘3\textsc{sg}’. Two of these repetitions are presented in (\ref{Example_6.86}) and (\ref{Example_6.87}). It is noted that the speakers do not repeat the respective bare nouns \textitbf{pace} ‘man’ and \textitbf{Markus}, but the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions \textitbf{pace the morpheme ___} ‘the man’ (literally ‘he man’) and \textitbf{Markus the morpheme ___} ‘Markus’ (literally ‘he Markus’). This suggests that they perceive these expressions to be cohesive entities which, in turn, supports their analysis as single \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: deng	 gloss: with
B: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: oktofina	 gloss: Oktofina
D: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 562:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [pace de], ___ de] mandi rapi, de mandi rapi
Gloss (with missing item): man 3SG ___ 3SG bathe be.neat 3SG bathe be.neat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the man, the man bathed neatly, he bathed neatly’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fourth, the corpus includes a number of utterances, in which speakers repeat an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression as a form of hesitation or delay; in each case the \isi{pronoun} is third person \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{de} ‘3\textsc{sg}’. Two of these repetitions are presented in (\ref{Example_6.86}) and (\ref{Example_6.87}). It is noted that the speakers do not repeat the respective bare nouns \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ and \textitbf{Markus}, but the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions \textitbf{the morpheme ___ de} ‘the its gloss ___’ (literally ‘he its gloss ___’) and \textitbf{Markus de} ‘Markus’ (literally ‘he Markus’). This suggests that they perceive these expressions to be cohesive entities which, in turn, supports their analysis as single \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: mace	 gloss: woman
B: word: bapa	 gloss: father
C: word: pace	 gloss: man
D: word: deng	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 563:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [pace de], [pace ___ mandi rapi, de mandi rapi
Gloss (with missing item): man 3SG man ___ bathe be.neat 3SG bathe be.neat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the man, the man bathed neatly, he bathed neatly’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fourth, the corpus incluthe morpheme ___s a number of utterances, in which speakers repeat an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression as a form of hesitation or the morpheme ___lay; in each case the \isi{pronoun} is third person \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘3\textsc{sg}’. Two of these repetitions are presented in (\ref{Example_6.86}) and (\ref{Example_6.87}). It is noted that the speakers do not repeat the respective bare nouns \textitbf{pace} ‘man’ and \textitbf{Markus}, but the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions \textitbf{pace the morpheme ___} ‘the man’ (literally ‘he man’) and \textitbf{Markus the morpheme ___} ‘Markus’ (literally ‘he Markus’). This suggests that they perceive these expressions to be cohesive entities which, in turn, supports their analysis as single \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: kitong	 gloss: 1PL
D: word: deng	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 564:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): akirnya ___ de], [Markus dia] turung begini
Gloss (with missing item): finally ___ 3SG Markus 3SG descend like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘finally Markus, Markus came down (to the coast) like this’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fourth, the corpus includes a number of utterances, in which speakers repeat an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression as a form of hesitation or delay; in each case the \isi{pronoun} is third person \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{de} ‘3\textsc{sg}’. Two of these repetitions are presented in (\ref{Example_6.86}) and (\ref{Example_6.87}). It is noted that the speakers do not repeat the respective bare nouns \textitbf{pace} ‘man’ and \textitbf{its gloss ___}, but the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions \textitbf{pace de} ‘the man’ (literally ‘he man’) and \textitbf{its gloss ___ de} ‘its gloss ___’ (literally ‘he its gloss ___’). This suggests that they perceive these expressions to be cohesive entities which, in turn, supports their analysis as single \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: lukas	 gloss: Lukas
B: word: kamar	 gloss: room
C: word: markus	 gloss: Markus
D: word: mama	 gloss: mother
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 565:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): akirnya [Markus ___ [Markus dia] turung begini
Gloss (with missing item): finally Markus ___ Markus 3SG descend like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘finally Markus, Markus came down (to the coast) like this’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fourth, the corpus incluthe morpheme ___s a number of utterances, in which speakers repeat an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression as a form of hesitation or the morpheme ___lay; in each case the \isi{pronoun} is third person \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘3\textsc{sg}’. Two of these repetitions are presented in (\ref{Example_6.86}) and (\ref{Example_6.87}). It is noted that the speakers do not repeat the respective bare nouns \textitbf{pace} ‘man’ and \textitbf{Markus}, but the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions \textitbf{pace the morpheme ___} ‘the man’ (literally ‘he man’) and \textitbf{Markus the morpheme ___} ‘Markus’ (literally ‘he Markus’). This suggests that they perceive these expressions to be cohesive entities which, in turn, supports their analysis as single \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
B: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: deng	 gloss: with
D: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 566:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): akirnya [Markus de], ___ dia] turung begini
Gloss (with missing item): finally Markus 3SG ___ 3SG descend like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘finally Markus, Markus came down (to the coast) like this’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fourth, the corpus includes a number of utterances, in which speakers repeat an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression as a form of hesitation or delay; in each case the \isi{pronoun} is third person \textitbf{dia}/\textitbf{de} ‘3\textsc{sg}’. Two of these repetitions are presented in (\ref{Example_6.86}) and (\ref{Example_6.87}). It is noted that the speakers do not repeat the respective bare nouns \textitbf{pace} ‘man’ and \textitbf{its gloss ___}, but the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions \textitbf{pace de} ‘the man’ (literally ‘he man’) and \textitbf{its gloss ___ de} ‘its gloss ___’ (literally ‘he its gloss ___’). This suggests that they perceive these expressions to be cohesive entities which, in turn, supports their analysis as single \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: kamar	 gloss: room
B: word: lukas	 gloss: Lukas
C: word: markus	 gloss: Markus
D: word: eferdina	 gloss: Eferdina
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 567:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): akirnya [Markus de], [Markus ___ turung begini
Gloss (with missing item): finally Markus 3SG Markus ___ descend like.this
The English translation of this sentence is:‘finally Markus, Markus came down (to the coast) like this’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Fourth, the corpus includes a number of utterances, in which speakers repeat an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression as a form of hesitation or delay; in each case the \isi{pronoun} is third person \textitbf{the morpheme ___}/\textitbf{de} ‘3\textsc{sg}’. Two of these repetitions are presented in (\ref{Example_6.86}) and (\ref{Example_6.87}). It is noted that the speakers do not repeat the respective bare nouns \textitbf{pace} ‘man’ and \textitbf{Markus}, but the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} expressions \textitbf{pace de} ‘the man’ (literally ‘he man’) and \textitbf{Markus de} ‘Markus’ (literally ‘he Markus’). This suggests that they perceive these expressions to be cohesive entities which, in turn, supports their analysis as single \isi{noun} phrases.
A: word: kitong	 gloss: 1PL
B: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
C: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 568:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dong] snang skali
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL feel.happy(.about) very
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the young people feel very happy’ (Lit. ‘youth they’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Plural pronouns also function as determiners in \isi{noun} phrases, such that as illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.88}) and (\ref{Example_6.89}). They signal the definiteness and person-number values of their referents, and thereby allow their unambiguous identification.
A: word: pe–muda	 gloss: AG–be.young
B: word: blas	 gloss: teens
C: word: martin	 gloss: Martin
D: word: pemuda	 gloss: youth
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 569:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [pemuda ___ snang skali
Gloss (with missing item): youth ___ feel.happy(.about) very
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the young people feel very happy’ (Lit. ‘youth they’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Plural pronouns also function as determiners in \isi{noun} phrases, such that as illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.88}) and (\ref{Example_6.89}). They signal the definiteness and person-number values of their referents, and thereby allow their unambiguous identification.
A: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
B: word: tiga	 gloss: one
C: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 570:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dong] su datang
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL already come
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Ise and her companions including herself already came’ (Lit. ‘Ise they’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Plural pronouns also function as determiners in \isi{noun} phrases, such that as illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.88}) and (\ref{Example_6.89}). They signal the definiteness and person-number values of their referents, and thereby allow their unambiguous identification.
A: word: andi	 gloss: Andi
B: word: dodo	 gloss: Dodo
C: word: ise	 gloss: Ise
D: word: bisa	 gloss: be.able
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 571:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [Ise ___ su datang
Gloss (with missing item): Ise ___ already come
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Ise and her companions including herself already came’ (Lit. ‘Ise they’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Plural pronouns also function as determiners in \isi{noun} phrases, such that as illustrated in (\ref{Example_6.88}) and (\ref{Example_6.89}). They signal the definiteness and person-number values of their referents, and thereby allow their unambiguous identification.
A: word: cantik	 gloss: be.beautiful
B: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
C: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 572:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dong] snang skali
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL feel.happy(.about) very
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the young people feel very happy’ (Lit. ‘youth they’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples in (\ref{Example_6.88}) and (\ref{Example_6.89}) also show that \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases have two readings.
A: word: blas	 gloss: teens
B: word: pe–muda	 gloss: AG–be.young
C: word: pemuda	 gloss: youth
D: word: dengang	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 573:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [pemuda ___ snang skali
Gloss (with missing item): youth ___ feel.happy(.about) very
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the young people feel very happy’ (Lit. ‘youth they’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples in (\ref{Example_6.88}) and (\ref{Example_6.89}) also show that \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases have two readings.
A: word: prempuang	 gloss: 10pt
B: word: kam	 gloss: 2PL
C: word: dong	 gloss: 3PL
D: word: dong/dorang	 gloss: 3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 574:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dong] su datang
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL already come
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Ise and her companions including herself already came’ (Lit. ‘Ise they’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples in (\ref{Example_6.88}) and (\ref{Example_6.89}) also show that \textsc{n} \textsc{pro-pl} \isi{noun} phrases have two readings.
A: word: sama	 gloss: to
B: word: andi	 gloss: Andi
C: word: ise	 gloss: Ise
D: word: bisa	 gloss: be.able
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C