cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 532:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Eferdina ko ___ ko taw kata pis ka tida
Gloss (with missing item): Eferdina 2SG ___ 2SG know word please[E] or NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Eferdina there, do you know the word ``please'' or not?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
B: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
C: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
D: word: dari	 gloss: from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 533:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wili ko jangang {gara\Tildegara} ___ dia itu]!
Gloss (with missing item): Wili 2SG NEG.IMP RDP\Tildeirritate ___ 3SG D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Wili don’t irritate that aunt!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: mantang	 gloss: former
B: word: pemuda	 gloss: youth
C: word: nene	 gloss: grandmother
D: word: tanta	 gloss: aunt
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 534:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wili ko jangang {gara\Tildegara} [tanta ___ itu]!
Gloss (with missing item): Wili 2SG NEG.IMP RDP\Tildeirritate aunt ___ D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Wili don’t irritate that aunt!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: diai	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: agus	 gloss: Agus
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 535:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wili ko jangang {gara\Tildegara} [tanta dia ___
Gloss (with missing item): Wili 2SG NEG.IMP RDP\Tildeirritate aunt 3SG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you Wili don’t irritate that aunt!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
B: word: itu	 gloss: D.DIST
C: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
D: word: dua	 gloss: two
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 536:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ pendeta di Mambramo de tu jual RW
Gloss (with missing item): ___ pastor at Mambramo 3SG D.DIST sell cooked.dog.meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that older sibling pastor in (the) Mambramo (area) sells cooked dog meat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: kaka	 gloss: oSb
B: word: br–ade-kaka	 gloss: VBLZ–siblings
C: word: komputer	 gloss: computer
D: word: pemuda	 gloss: youth
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 537:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaka ___ di Mambramo de tu jual RW
Gloss (with missing item): oSb ___ at Mambramo 3SG D.DIST sell cooked.dog.meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that older sibling pastor in (the) Mambramo (area) sells cooked dog meat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: kalender	 gloss: calendar
B: word: injil	 gloss: Gospel
C: word: pendeta	 gloss: pastor
D: word: kace	 gloss: Kace
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 538:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaka pendeta ___ Mambramo de tu jual RW
Gloss (with missing item): oSb pastor ___ Mambramo 3SG D.DIST sell cooked.dog.meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that older sibling pastor in (the) Mambramo (area) sells cooked dog meat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be mothe morpheme ___fied with a \isi{demonstrits gloss ___ive}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstrits gloss ___ives have scope over the pronouns. The fact thits gloss ___ the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrits gloss ___ive}, in turn, supports the conclusion thits gloss ___ in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonits gloss ___ion} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferthe morpheme ___na} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, incluthe morpheme ___ng determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion thits gloss ___ in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: di	 gloss: at
B: word: ana–nya	 gloss: child–3POSSR
C: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: dua	 gloss: two
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 539:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaka pendeta di ___ de tu jual RW
Gloss (with missing item): oSb pastor at ___ 3SG D.DIST sell cooked.dog.meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that older sibling pastor in (the) Mambramo (area) sells cooked dog meat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{demonstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg dem}'' expressions, the demonstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{demonstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as determiners. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{dem} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{dem} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including determiner \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal determiner.
A: word: mama-tua	 gloss: aunt
B: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
C: word: mambramo	 gloss: Mambramo
D: word: yoram	 gloss: Yoram
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 540:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaka pendeta di Mambramo ___ tu jual RW
Gloss (with missing item): oSb pastor at Mambramo ___ D.DIST sell cooked.dog.meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that older sibling pastor in (the) Mambramo (area) sells cooked dog meat’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Second, an \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expression can be modified with a \isi{the morpheme ___monstrative}, as in the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.66}) to (\ref{Example_6.68}), or the \textsc{np} \textsc{3sg} \isi{noun} phrases in \ref{Example_6.69}) and (\ref{Example_6.76}). In these ``\textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg the morpheme ___m}'' expressions, the the morpheme ___monstratives have scope over the pronouns. The fact that the pronouns occur in \isi{noun} phrases with adnominal \isi{the morpheme ___monstrative}, in turn, supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions the pronouns function as the morpheme ___terminers. Moreover, in two of the examples, the \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} \textsc{the morpheme ___m} expressions have topic function in topic-comment constructions, namely the \textsc{np} \textsc{2sg} \textsc{the morpheme ___m} \isi{noun} phrases in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.68}). In both cases, the preposed \isi{noun} phrases are copied by coreferential \textitbf{ko} ‘\textsc{2sg}’ which has comment function.\footnote{There is no \isi{comma intonation} between the topical \isi{noun} phrases and the pronominal comments in (\ref{Example_6.67}) and (\ref{Example_6.69}).} Neither bare \textitbf{Barce} in (\ref{Example_6.67}), nor bare \textitbf{Eferdina} in (\ref{Example_6.68}) can be topics in topic-comment constructions. Instead it is the entire \isi{noun} phrase, including the morpheme ___terminer \textitbf{ko} ‘2\textsc{sg}’, which has topic function. This, in turn, also supports the conclusion that in \textsc{np} \textsc{pro-sg} expressions, the \isi{pronoun} functions as a pronominal the morpheme ___terminer.
A: word: de	 gloss: 3SG
B: word: dei	 gloss: 3sg
C: word: dia	 gloss: 3SG
D: word: deng	 gloss: with
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A