cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 127:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa Iskia dong ___ babi
Gloss (with missing item): father Iskia 3PL ___ pig
The English translation of this sentence is:‘father Iskia and his companions killed a pig’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In their predicative uses, verbs act “as ‘comment’ on a given \isi{noun} as ‘topic’”, using Dixon’s (\citeyear*[31]{Dixon.1994}) terminology. This typical function of dynamic verbs is demonstrated with \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in (\ref{Example_5.99}). The predicative use of \isi{monovalent} stative verbs is illustrated with \textitbf{tinggi} ‘be high’ in (\ref{Example_5.100}). In the corpus, all dynamic verbs have \isi{predicative function}, while only 40% of the stative verbs (139/351) are used predicatively.
A: word: bagiang	 gloss: part
B: word: bunuuu	 gloss: kill
C: word: meninggal	 gloss: die
D: word: bunu	 gloss: kill
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 128:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bapa Iskia dong bunu ___
Gloss (with missing item): father Iskia 3PL kill ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘father Iskia and his companions killed a pig’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In their predicative uses, verbs act “as ‘comment’ on a given \isi{noun} as ‘topic’”, using Dixon’s (\citeyear*[31]{Dixon.1994}) terminology. This typical function of dynamic verbs is demonstrated with \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{bunu} ‘kill’ in (\ref{Example_5.99}). The predicative use of \isi{monovalent} stative verbs is illustrated with \textitbf{tinggi} ‘be high’ in (\ref{Example_5.100}). In the corpus, all dynamic verbs have \isi{predicative function}, while only 40% of the stative verbs (139/351) are used predicatively.
A: word: rabik	 gloss: tear
B: word: sapi	 gloss: cow
C: word: babi	 gloss: pig
D: word: ketiga	 gloss: third
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 129:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): glombang itu ___
Gloss (with missing item): wave D.DIST ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that wave was high’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In their predicative uses, verbs act “as ‘comment’ on a given \isi{noun} as ‘topic’”, using Dixon’s (\citeyear*[31]{Dixon.1994}) terminology. This typical function of dynamic verbs is demonstrated with \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{bunu} ‘kill’ in (\ref{Example_5.99}). The predicative use of \isi{monovalent} stative verbs is illustrated with \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be high’ in (\ref{Example_5.100}). In the corpus, all dynamic verbs have \isi{predicative function}, while only 40% of the stative verbs (139/351) are used predicatively.
A: word: besar	 gloss: be.big
B: word: murit	 gloss: pupil
C: word: tinggi	 gloss: be.high
D: word: tinggal	 gloss: stay
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 130:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ada potong ikang ___ besar di pante
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG exist cut fish ___ be.big at coast
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at the beach he was cutting up a fish that was big’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In their \isi{attributive function} within \isi{noun} phrases, the modifying verbs serve to specify or restrict “the reference of the \isi{noun}”, in Dixon’s (\citeyear*[31]{Dixon.1994}) terminology. Cross-linguistically, this is achieved in one of two ways, as \citet{Dixon.1994} points out. One option is verb-via-\isi{juxtaposition} \isi{modification}; that is, the modifying \isi{verb} is directly juxtaposed to a \isi{noun} in a \isi{noun} phrase. The second option is “verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification}” {\citep[19]{Dixon.2004b}; that is, \isi{modification} is achieved by means of a relative clause. }Papuan Malay also makes use of these two options, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.101}) to (\ref{Example_5.105})
A: word: sayang	 gloss: love
B: word: yang	 gloss: REL
C: word: adat	 gloss: tradition
D: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 131:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ada potong ikang yang ___ di pante
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG exist cut fish REL ___ at coast
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at the beach he was cutting up a fish that was big’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In their \isi{attributive function} within \isi{noun} phrases, the modifying verbs serve to specify or restrict “the reference of the \isi{noun}”, in Dixon’s (\citeyear*[31]{Dixon.1994}) terminology. Cross-linguistically, this is achieved in one of two ways, as \citet{Dixon.1994} points out. One option is verb-via-\isi{juxtaposition} \isi{modification}; that is, the modifying \isi{verb} is directly juxtaposed to a \isi{noun} in a \isi{noun} phrase. The second option is “verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification}” {\citep[19]{Dixon.2004b}; that is, \isi{modification} is achieved by means of a relative clause. }Papuan Malay also makes use of these two options, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.101}) to (\ref{Example_5.105})
A: word: besar	 gloss: be.big
B: word: ambil	 gloss: fetch
C: word: brat	 gloss: be.heavy
D: word: besar~besar	 gloss: RDP~be.big
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 132:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ojek ___ bawa tete tu su pulang
Gloss (with missing item): motorbike.taxi ___ bring grandfather D.DIST already go.home
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that motorbike taxi driver who brought grandfather has already returned home’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The second option of modifying nouns within a \isi{noun} phrase is by placing the \isi{verb} within a relative clause, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.102}) to (\ref{Example_5.105}). This verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification} typically applies to dynamic verbs, such as (monotransitively used) \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.102}), \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{kawing} ‘marry unofficially’ in (\ref{Example_5.103}), or \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{tinggal} ‘stay’ in (\ref{Example_5.104}).
A: word: sayang	 gloss: love
B: word: oktober	 gloss: October
C: word: yang	 gloss: REL
D: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 133:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ojek yang ___ tete tu su pulang
Gloss (with missing item): motorbike.taxi REL ___ grandfather D.DIST already go.home
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that motorbike taxi driver who brought grandfather has already returned home’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The second option of modifying nouns within a \isi{noun} phrase is by placing the \isi{verb} within a relative clause, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.102}) to (\ref{Example_5.105}). This verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification} typically applies to dynamic verbs, such as (monotransitively used) \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.102}), \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{kawing} ‘marry unofficially’ in (\ref{Example_5.103}), or \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{tinggal} ‘stay’ in (\ref{Example_5.104}).
A: word: bawang	 gloss: onion
B: word: bawa	 gloss: bring
C: word: datang	 gloss: come
D: word: kadang~kadang	 gloss: RDP~sometimes
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 134:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ada potong ikang ___ besar di pante
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG exist cut fish ___ be.big at coast
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at the beach he was cutting up a fish that was big’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The second option of modifying nouns within a \isi{noun} phrase is by placing the \isi{verb} within a relative clause, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.102}) to (\ref{Example_5.105}). This verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification} typically applies to dynamic verbs, such as (monotransitively used) \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.102}), \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{kawing} ‘marry unofficially’ in (\ref{Example_5.103}), or \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{tinggal} ‘stay’ in (\ref{Example_5.104}).
A: word: yang	 gloss: REL
B: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
C: word: sayang	 gloss: love
D: word: kapang	 gloss: when
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 135:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ada potong ikang yang ___ di pante
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG exist cut fish REL ___ at coast
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at the beach he was cutting up a fish that was big’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The second option of modifying nouns within a \isi{noun} phrase is by placing the \isi{verb} within a relative clause, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.102}) to (\ref{Example_5.105}). This verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification} typically applies to dynamic verbs, such as (monotransitively used) \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.102}), \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{kawing} ‘marry unofficially’ in (\ref{Example_5.103}), or \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{tinggal} ‘stay’ in (\ref{Example_5.104}).
A: word: besar~besar	 gloss: RDP~be.big
B: word: besar	 gloss: be.big
C: word: brat	 gloss: be.heavy
D: word: tiga~tiga	 gloss: RDP~three
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 136:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ojek ___ bawa tete tu su pulang
Gloss (with missing item): motorbike.taxi ___ bring grandfather D.DIST already go.home
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that motorbike taxi driver who brought grandfather has already returned home’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The second option of modifying nouns within a \isi{noun} phrase is by placing the \isi{verb} within a relative clause, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.102}) to (\ref{Example_5.105}). This verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification} typically applies to dynamic verbs, such as (monotransitively used) \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.102}), \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{kawing} ‘marry unofficially’ in (\ref{Example_5.103}), or \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{tinggal} ‘stay’ in (\ref{Example_5.104}).
A: word: nomor	 gloss: number
B: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
C: word: yang	 gloss: REL
D: word: sayang	 gloss: love
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 137:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ojek yang ___ tete tu su pulang
Gloss (with missing item): motorbike.taxi REL ___ grandfather D.DIST already go.home
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that motorbike taxi driver who brought grandfather has already returned home’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The second option of modifying nouns within a \isi{noun} phrase is by placing the \isi{verb} within a relative clause, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.102}) to (\ref{Example_5.105}). This verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification} typically applies to dynamic verbs, such as (monotransitively used) \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.102}), \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{kawing} ‘marry unofficially’ in (\ref{Example_5.103}), or \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{tinggal} ‘stay’ in (\ref{Example_5.104}).
A: word: datang	 gloss: come
B: word: blum	 gloss: not.yet
C: word: bawang	 gloss: onion
D: word: bawa	 gloss: bring
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 138:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... buat sodara~sodara ___ tinggal di kampung
Gloss (with missing item): ... for RDP~sibling ___ stay at village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[we cut (the pig meat) up that day, we divided (it) for us who cut (it) up that day, (and) then] for the relatives and friends who live in the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The second option of modifying nouns within a \isi{noun} phrase is by placing the \isi{verb} within a relative clause, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.102}) to (\ref{Example_5.105}). This verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification} typically applies to dynamic verbs, such as (monotransitively used) \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.102}), \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{kawing} ‘marry unofficially’ in (\ref{Example_5.103}), or \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{tinggal} ‘stay’ in (\ref{Example_5.104}).
A: word: sayang	 gloss: love
B: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
C: word: memang	 gloss: indeed
D: word: yang	 gloss: REL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 139:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... buat sodara~sodara yang ___ di kampung
Gloss (with missing item): ... for RDP~sibling REL ___ at village
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[we cut (the pig meat) up that day, we divided (it) for us who cut (it) up that day, (and) then] for the relatives and friends who live in the village’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The second option of modifying nouns within a \isi{noun} phrase is by placing the \isi{verb} within a relative clause, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.102}) to (\ref{Example_5.105}). This verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification} typically applies to dynamic verbs, such as (monotransitively used) \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{bawa} ‘bring’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.102}), \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{kawing} ‘marry unofficially’ in (\ref{Example_5.103}), or \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in (\ref{Example_5.104}).
A: word: terlalu	 gloss: too
B: word: tinggal	 gloss: stay
C: word: lanjut	 gloss: continue
D: word: tinggalkang	 gloss: leave
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 140:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ada potong ikang ___ besar di pante
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG exist cut fish ___ be.big at coast
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at the beach he was cutting up a fish that was big’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All \isi{verb} types can be used attributively. However, when comparing the attested attributively used \isi{verb} tokens across the two types of \isi{noun} phrase \isi{modification}, a clear pattern emerges, shown in \tabref{Table_5.16}. The vast majority of attributively used \isi{monovalent} stative verbs occur in \isi{noun} phrases involving verb-via-juxtapos\-ition \isi{modification}, although stative verbs also occur in verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification}, such as \textitbf{besar} ‘be big’ in (\ref{Example_5.105}). The vast majority of attributively used dynamic verbs, by contrast, occur in \isi{noun} phrases involving verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification}. Cross-linguistically these preferences are rather common \citep[31]{Dixon.1994}.
A: word: yang	 gloss: REL
B: word: bunu	 gloss: kill
C: word: sayang	 gloss: love
D: word: baku	 gloss: RECP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 141:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de ada potong ikang yang ___ di pante
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG exist cut fish REL ___ at coast
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at the beach he was cutting up a fish that was big’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: All \isi{verb} types can be used attributively. However, when comparing the attested attributively used \isi{verb} tokens across the two types of \isi{noun} phrase \isi{modification}, a clear pattern emerges, shown in \tabref{Table_5.16}. The vast majority of attributively used \isi{monovalent} stative verbs occur in \isi{noun} phrases involving verb-via-juxtapos\-ition \isi{modification}, although stative verbs also occur in verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification}, such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be big’ in (\ref{Example_5.105}). The vast majority of attributively used dynamic verbs, by contrast, occur in \isi{noun} phrases involving verb-via-relative-clause \isi{modification}. Cross-linguistically these preferences are rather common \citep[31]{Dixon.1994}.
A: word: besar~besar	 gloss: RDP~be.big
B: word: brat	 gloss: be.heavy
C: word: besar	 gloss: be.big
D: word: hanya	 gloss: only
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 142:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pace dong ___ kasi dia senter
Gloss (with missing item): man 3PL ___ give 3SG flashlight
The English translation of this sentence is:‘the men immediately gave him a flashlight’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In their predicative uses, tri-, bi-, and \isi{monovalent} verbs can be modified with adverbs, as shown in (\ref{Example_5.106}) to (\ref{Example_5.113}). In (\ref{Example_5.106}) to (\ref{Example_5.109}), the temporal ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ modifies \isi{trivalent} \textitbf{kasi} ‘give’, \isi{bivalent} \textitbf{tanya} ‘ask’, \isi{monovalent} dynamic \textitbf{pulang} ‘go home’, and stative \textitbf{basa} ‘be wet’, respectively; the example in (\ref{Example_5.106}) is elicited.
A: word: langsung	 gloss: immediately
B: word: natanael	 gloss: Natanael
C: word: sungay	 gloss: river
D: word: suda	 gloss: already
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A