cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 313:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa pulang ke Waim ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG go.home to Waim ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I went home to Waim again’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Three focus adverbs take a postpredicate position, namely \textitbf{juga} ‘also’, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___, also’, and \textitbf{saja} ‘just’. This is demonstrated with the examples in (\ref{Example_5.182}) to (\ref{Example_5.184}). (As shown in (\ref{Example_5.181}), \textitbf{juga} ‘also’ can also take a prepredicate position.) In clauses with peripheral adjuncts, the three adverbs can directly follow the predicate, such as the first \textitbf{juga} ‘also’ token in (\ref{Example_5.182}) and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___, also’ in (\ref{Example_5.183}). Alternatively, they can follow the adjunct, such as the second \textitbf{juga} ‘also’ token in (\ref{Example_5.182}) and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___, also’ in (\ref{Example_5.184}). Focus ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{saja} ‘just’ has the same distributional properties as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___, also’. The semantics expressed with the different positions its gloss ___ have to do with scope.
A: word: lagi	 gloss: again
B: word: ekor	 gloss: tail
C: word: akirnya	 gloss: finally
D: word: daging	 gloss: meat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 314:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ana ini ___ bodo
Gloss (with missing item): child D.PROX ___ be.stupid
The English translation of this sentence is:‘this child is most stupid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The four amplifiers modify \isi{monovalent} stative and \isi{bivalent} verbs, as discussed in §\ref{Para_5.3.4} and §\ref{Para_5.3.5} (comparative constructions are discussed in §\ref{Para_11.5}). The amplifiers occur in prepredicate position, following the subject, such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in (\ref{Example_5.185}). Furthermore, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ can precede the subject, although not very often. In this clause-initial position it functions as an epistemic modal ad\isi{verb} which has scope over the entire proposition, as in (\ref{Example_5.186}) (modal adverbs are discussed in §\ref{Para_5.4.4}).
A: word: empat	 gloss: four
B: word: paling	 gloss: most
C: word: paling~paling	 gloss: RDP~most
D: word: banyak	 gloss: many
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 315:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): {waktu} {saya} bilang {sa} {mo} biking acara, ___ sa tra kerja, sa sebagey kepala acara
Gloss (with missing item): time 1SG say 1SG want make ceremony ___ 1SG NEG work 1SG as head ceremony
The English translation of this sentence is:‘when I say, I want to hold a festivity, most likely I won’t (have to) work, I’ll be the head of the festivity’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The four amplifiers modify \isi{monovalent} stative and \isi{bivalent} verbs, as discussed in §\ref{Para_5.3.4} and §\ref{Para_5.3.5} (comparative constructions are discussed in §\ref{Para_11.5}). The amplifiers occur in prepredicate position, following the subject, such as \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ in (\ref{Example_5.185}). Furthermore, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ can precede the subject, although not very often. In this clause-initial position it functions as an epistemic modal ad\isi{verb} which has scope over the entire proposition, as in (\ref{Example_5.186}) (modal adverbs are discussed in §\ref{Para_5.4.4}).
A: word: kiri	 gloss: left
B: word: paling	 gloss: most
C: word: banyak	 gloss: many
D: word: paling~paling	 gloss: RDP~most
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 316:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a, ko ___ bodo
Gloss (with missing item): ah! 2SG ___ be.stupid
The English translation of this sentence is:‘ah, you are too stupid’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The intensifier \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ also occurs in prepredicate position, as in (\ref{Example_5.187}). By contrast, \textitbf{skali} ‘very’ takes a postpredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.188}) to (\ref{Example_5.190}). In clauses with peripheral adjuncts, as in (\ref{Example_5.189}), \textitbf{skali} ‘very’ follows the predicate, such as \textitbf{enak} ‘be pleasant’ in (\ref{Example_5.189}). Clauses in which \textitbf{skali} ‘very’ follows the peripheral adjunct, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.190}), are ungrammatical.
A: word: sumur	 gloss: well
B: word: terbuka	 gloss: be.opened
C: word: terlalu	 gloss: too
D: word: akirnya	 gloss: finally
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 317:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ade bongso jadi ko sayang dia ___ e?
Gloss (with missing item): ySb youngest.offspring so 2SG love 3SG ___ eh
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(your) youngest sibling, so you love her very much, eh?’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The intensifier \textitbf{terlalu} ‘too’ also occurs in prepredicate position, as in (\ref{Example_5.187}). By contrast, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ takes a postpredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.188}) to (\ref{Example_5.190}). In clauses with peripheral adjuncts, as in (\ref{Example_5.189}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ follows the predicate, such as \textitbf{enak} ‘be pleasant’ in (\ref{Example_5.189}). Clauses in which \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ follows the peripheral adjunct, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.190}), are ungrammatical.
A: word: skali	 gloss: very
B: word: situ	 gloss: L.MED
C: word: jadi	 gloss: so
D: word: kali	 gloss: river
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 318:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu orang-tua enak ___ di sana
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL parent be.pleasant ___ at L.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you, the parents, (have) very pleasant (lives) over there’ (Lit. ‘you ... are very pleasant’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The intensifier \textitbf{terlalu} ‘too’ also occurs in prepredicate position, as in (\ref{Example_5.187}). By contrast, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ takes a postpredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.188}) to (\ref{Example_5.190}). In clauses with peripheral adjuncts, as in (\ref{Example_5.189}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ follows the predicate, such as \textitbf{enak} ‘be pleasant’ in (\ref{Example_5.189}). Clauses in which \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ follows the peripheral adjunct, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.190}), are ungrammatical.
A: word: sedikit~sedikit	 gloss: RDP~few
B: word: kali	 gloss: river
C: word: skali	 gloss: very
D: word: jadi	 gloss: so
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 319:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kamu orang-tua enak ___ di sana
Gloss (with missing item): 2PL parent be.pleasant ___ at L.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘you, the parents, (have) very pleasant (lives) over there’ (Lit. ‘you ... are very pleasant’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The intensifier \textitbf{terlalu} ‘too’ also occurs in prepredicate position, as in (\ref{Example_5.187}). By contrast, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ takes a postpredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.188}) to (\ref{Example_5.190}). In clauses with peripheral adjuncts, as in (\ref{Example_5.189}), \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ follows the predicate, such as \textitbf{enak} ‘be pleasant’ in (\ref{Example_5.189}). Clauses in which \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ follows the peripheral adjunct, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.190}), are ungrammatical.
A: word: skali	 gloss: very
B: word: kali	 gloss: river
C: word: kanang	 gloss: right
D: word: jadi	 gloss: so
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 320:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa su ___ besar
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG already ___ be.big
The English translation of this sentence is:[About the speaker’s childhood:] ‘I was already rather big’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The diminishers \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ and \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ also occur in prepredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.191}) to (\ref{Example_5.194}). Always directly preceding the \isi{verb}, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ modifies stative verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.191}). Clauses in which \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ precedes the subject, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.192}), are ungrammatical. Diminisher \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ typically modifies dynamic verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.193}) and (\ref{Example_5.194}).\footnote{According to one consultant, some Papuan Malay speakers also use \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ to modify stative verbs. Much more often though they employ a construction with \textitbf{su mulay} ‘already start to’ as in (\ref{Footnote_Example_5.1}) below:
A: word: ato	 gloss: or
B: word: agak	 gloss: rather
C: word: dua~dua	 gloss: RDP~two
D: word: jaga	 gloss: guard
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 321:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dong bunu bapa
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL kill father
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it) almost (happened that) they killed (my) father’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The diminishers \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ also occur in prepredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.191}) to (\ref{Example_5.194}). Always directly preceding the \isi{verb}, \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ modifies stative verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.191}). Clauses in which \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ precedes the subject, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.192}), are ungrammatical. Diminisher \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ typically modifies dynamic verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.193}) and (\ref{Example_5.194}).\footnote{According to one consultant, some Papuan Malay speakers also use \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ to modify stative verbs. Much more often though they employ a construction with \textitbf{su mulay} ‘already start to’ as in (\ref{Footnote_Example_5.1}) below:
A: word: hampir	 gloss: almost
B: word: perna	 gloss: ever
C: word: mungking	 gloss: maybe
D: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 322:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa su ___ besar
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG already ___ be.big
The English translation of this sentence is:[About the speaker’s childhood:] ‘I was already rather big’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The diminishers \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ and \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ also occur in prepredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.191}) to (\ref{Example_5.194}). Always directly preceding the \isi{verb}, \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ modifies stative verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.191}). Clauses in which \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ precedes the subject, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.192}), are ungrammatical. Diminisher \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ typically modifies dynamic verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.193}) and (\ref{Example_5.194}).\footnote{According to one consultant, some Papuan Malay speakers also use \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ to modify stative verbs. Much more often though they employ a construction with \textitbf{su mulay} ‘already start to’ as in (\ref{Footnote_Example_5.1}) below:
A: word: agak	 gloss: rather
B: word: badang	 gloss: body
C: word: jaga	 gloss: guard
D: word: ato	 gloss: or
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 323:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dong ___ bunu bapa
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL ___ kill father
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they almost killed (my) father’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The diminishers \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ also occur in prepredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.191}) to (\ref{Example_5.194}). Always directly preceding the \isi{verb}, \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ modifies stative verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.191}). Clauses in which \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ precedes the subject, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.192}), are ungrammatical. Diminisher \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ typically modifies dynamic verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.193}) and (\ref{Example_5.194}).\footnote{According to one consultant, some Papuan Malay speakers also use \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ to modify stative verbs. Much more often though they employ a construction with \textitbf{su mulay} ‘already start to’ as in (\ref{Footnote_Example_5.1}) below:
A: word: januari	 gloss: January
B: word: mungking	 gloss: maybe
C: word: hampir	 gloss: almost
D: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 324:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dong bunu bapa
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3PL kill father
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(it) almost (happened that) they killed (my) father’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The diminishers \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ and \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ also occur in prepredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.191}) to (\ref{Example_5.194}). Always directly preceding the \isi{verb}, \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ modifies stative verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.191}). Clauses in which \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ precedes the subject, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.192}), are ungrammatical. Diminisher \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ typically modifies dynamic verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.193}) and (\ref{Example_5.194}).\footnote{According to one consultant, some Papuan Malay speakers also use \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘its gloss ___’ to modify stative verbs. Much more often though they employ a construction with \textitbf{su mulay} ‘already start to’ as in (\ref{Footnote_Example_5.1}) below:
A: word: akirnya	 gloss: finally
B: word: hampir	 gloss: almost
C: word: mungking	 gloss: maybe
D: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 325:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru kita pergi skola, ___ mulay sembu
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 1PL go school ___ start be.healed
The English translation of this sentence is:[After an accident:] ‘and then we went (back) to school, (our wounds) were almost healed’ (Lit. ‘already started to be healed’) [081014-012-NP.0005]
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The diminishers \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ and \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ also occur in prepredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.191}) to (\ref{Example_5.194}). Always directly preceding the \isi{verb}, \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ modifies stative verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.191}). Clauses in which \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ precedes the subject, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.192}), are ungrammatical. Diminisher \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ typically modifies dynamic verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.193}) and (\ref{Example_5.194}).\footnote{According to one consultant, some Papuan Malay speakers also use \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ to modify stative verbs. Much more often though they employ a construction with \textitbf{su mulay} ‘its gloss ___ start to’ as in (\ref{Footnote_Example_5.1}) below:
A: word: skarang	 gloss: now
B: word: suda	 gloss: already
C: word: kadang~kadang	 gloss: RDP~sometimes
D: word: pemuda	 gloss: youth
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 326:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru kita pergi skola, suda ___ sembu
Gloss (with missing item): and.then 1PL go school already ___ be.healed
The English translation of this sentence is:[After an accident:] ‘and then we went (back) to school, (our wounds) were almost healed’ (Lit. ‘already started to be healed’) [081014-012-NP.0005]
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The diminishers \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ and \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ also occur in prepredicate position, as illustrated in (\ref{Example_5.191}) to (\ref{Example_5.194}). Always directly preceding the \isi{verb}, \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ modifies stative verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.191}). Clauses in which \textitbf{agak} ‘rather’ precedes the subject, as in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_5.192}), are ungrammatical. Diminisher \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ typically modifies dynamic verbs, as in (\ref{Example_5.193}) and (\ref{Example_5.194}).\footnote{According to one consultant, some Papuan Malay speakers also use \textitbf{hampir} ‘almost’ to modify stative verbs. Much more often though they employ a construction with \textitbf{su the morpheme ___} ‘already its gloss ___ to’ as in (\ref{Footnote_Example_5.1}) below:
A: word: buka	 gloss: open
B: word: snang	 gloss: feel.happy(.about)
C: word: pulang	 gloss: go.home
D: word: mulay	 gloss: start
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D