cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 83:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): prempuang itu de pu kulit hitam~hitam panta ___
Gloss (with missing item): woman D.DIST 3SG POSS skin RDP~be.black buttock ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘that woman, her skin is black (like) the bottom of a frying pan’ (Lit. ‘her skin is black~black (like) the bottom \ldots’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs may also mark \isi{imitation} in the sense of ``something is an \isi{imitation} of X'' or ``something is similar to X''. This is illustrated with the dynamic verbs in (\ref{Example_4.45}) and (\ref{Example_4.46}), and the stative verbs in the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_4.47}) and (\ref{Example_4.48}).
A: word: masak	 gloss: cook
B: word: perjalangang	 gloss: journey
C: word: blanga	 gloss: cooking.pot
D: word: bertriak~triak	 gloss: RDP~scream
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 84:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tadi de pake ___ buat garo rumput
Gloss (with missing item): earlier 3SG use ___ for scratch grass
The English translation of this sentence is:‘earlier he took a rake to rake the grass’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also undergo an \isi{interpretational shift}. Such a shift can result in a nominal reading of reduplicated verbs, as in the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_4.49}) and (\ref{Example_4.50}), or an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: nakal~nakal	 gloss: RDP~be.mischievous
B: word: garo~garo	 gloss: RDP~scratch
C: word: garo	 gloss: scratch
D: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 85:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa gait mangga deng ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG hook mango with ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I plucked mangoes with a pole’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also undergo an \isi{interpretational shift}. Such a shift can result in a nominal reading of reduplicated verbs, as in the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_4.49}) and (\ref{Example_4.50}), or an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: depang~depang	 gloss: RDP~front
B: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
C: word: gait	 gloss: hook
D: word: gait~gait	 gloss: RDP~hook
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 86:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ orang itu tida keliatang
Gloss (with missing item): ___ person D.DIST NEG be.visible
The English translation of this sentence is:‘suddenly, that person wasn’t visible (any longer)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also undergo an \isi{interpretational shift}. Such a shift can result in a nominal reading of reduplicated verbs, as in the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_4.49}) and (\ref{Example_4.50}), or an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
B: word: taw	 gloss: know
C: word: taw~taw	 gloss: RDP~know
D: word: pulang~pulang	 gloss: RDP~go.home
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 87:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yo, pak Hendrik ini de bilang, mandi ___
Gloss (with missing item): yes father Hendrik D.PROX 3SG say bathe ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘yes, Mr. Hendrik here, he said, ``bathe quickly'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also undergo an \isi{interpretational shift}. Such a shift can result in a nominal reading of reduplicated verbs, as in the elicited examples in (\ref{Example_4.49}) and (\ref{Example_4.50}), or an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: cepat~cepat	 gloss: RDP~be.fast
B: word: plang~plang	 gloss: RDP~be.slow
C: word: cepat	 gloss: be.fast
D: word: sakit~sakit	 gloss: RDP~be.sick
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 88:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tadi de pake ___ buat garo rumput
Gloss (with missing item): earlier 3SG use ___ for scratch grass
The English translation of this sentence is:‘earlier he took a rake to rake the grass’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs with a nominal reading typically denote the instrument of the action specified by the \isi{verbal base}, such as \textitbf{garo{\Tilde}garo} ‘rake’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}scratch’) in (\ref{Example_4.49}) or \textitbf{gait{\Tilde}gait} ‘pole’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}hook’) in (\ref{Example_4.50}).
A: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
B: word: tete~tete	 gloss: RDP~grandfather
C: word: garo	 gloss: scratch
D: word: garo~garo	 gloss: RDP~scratch
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 89:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa gait mangga deng ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG hook mango with ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I plucked mangoes with a pole’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs with a nominal reading typically denote the instrument of the action specified by the \isi{verbal base}, such as \textitbf{garo{\Tilde}garo} ‘rake’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}scratch’) in (\ref{Example_4.49}) or \textitbf{gait{\Tilde}gait} ‘pole’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}hook’) in (\ref{Example_4.50}).
A: word: gait~gait	 gloss: RDP~hook
B: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
C: word: tra	 gloss: NEG
D: word: gait	 gloss: hook
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 90:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ orang itu tida keliatang
Gloss (with missing item): ___ person D.DIST NEG be.visible
The English translation of this sentence is:‘suddenly, that person wasn’t visible (any longer)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also receive an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}). Certain reduplicated dynamic verbs may take on the function as modal adverbs, such as \textitbf{taw{\Tilde}taw} ‘suddenly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}know’) in (\ref{Example_4.51}). Some reduplicated stative verbs are used as temporal adverbs such as \textitbf{lama{\Tilde}lama} ‘gradually’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.long (of.duration)’) in (\ref{Example_4.52}), while others are used as manner adverbs, such as \textitbf{cepat{\Tilde}cepat} ‘quickly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.fast’) in (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: ade~ade	 gloss: RDP~ySb
B: word: taw~taw	 gloss: RDP~know
C: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
D: word: taw	 gloss: know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 91:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yo, pak Hendrik ini de bilang, mandi ___
Gloss (with missing item): yes father Hendrik D.PROX 3SG say bathe ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘yes, Mr. Hendrik here, he said, ``bathe quickly'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also receive an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}). Certain reduplicated dynamic verbs may take on the function as modal adverbs, such as \textitbf{taw{\Tilde}taw} ‘suddenly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}know’) in (\ref{Example_4.51}). Some reduplicated stative verbs are used as temporal adverbs such as \textitbf{lama{\Tilde}lama} ‘gradually’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.long (of.duration)’) in (\ref{Example_4.52}), while others are used as manner adverbs, such as \textitbf{cepat{\Tilde}cepat} ‘quickly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.fast’) in (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: plang~plang	 gloss: RDP~be.slow
B: word: cepat~cepat	 gloss: RDP~be.fast
C: word: om~om	 gloss: RDP~uncle
D: word: cepat	 gloss: be.fast
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 92:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ orang itu tida keliatang
Gloss (with missing item): ___ person D.DIST NEG be.visible
The English translation of this sentence is:‘suddenly, that person wasn’t visible (any longer)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also receive an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}). Certain reduplicated dynamic verbs may take on the function as modal adverbs, such as \textitbf{taw{\Tilde}taw} ‘suddenly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}know’) in (\ref{Example_4.51}). Some reduplicated stative verbs are used as temporal adverbs such as \textitbf{lama{\Tilde}lama} ‘gradually’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.long (of.duration)’) in (\ref{Example_4.52}), while others are used as manner adverbs, such as \textitbf{cepat{\Tilde}cepat} ‘quickly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.fast’) in (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: jalang~jalang	 gloss: RDP~walk
B: word: taw	 gloss: know
C: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
D: word: taw~taw	 gloss: RDP~know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 93:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ de padat itu macang aspal
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG be.solid D.DIST variety asphalt
The English translation of this sentence is:‘gradually, it (the lime stone) becomes solid like asphalt’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also receive an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}). Certain reduplicated dynamic verbs may take on the function as modal adverbs, such as \textitbf{taw{\Tilde}taw} ‘suddenly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}know’) in (\ref{Example_4.51}). Some reduplicated stative verbs are used as temporal adverbs such as \textitbf{lama{\Tilde}lama} ‘gradually’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.long (of.duration)’) in (\ref{Example_4.52}), while others are used as manner adverbs, such as \textitbf{cepat{\Tilde}cepat} ‘quickly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.fast’) in (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: pedalamang	 gloss: interior
B: word: hitam~hitam	 gloss: RDP~be.black
C: word: besar~besar	 gloss: RDP~be.big
D: word: lama~lama	 gloss: RDP~be.long
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 94:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yo, pak Hendrik ini de bilang, mandi ___
Gloss (with missing item): yes father Hendrik D.PROX 3SG say bathe ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘yes, Mr. Hendrik here, he said, ``bathe quickly'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated verbs can also receive an adverbial reading, as in (\ref{Example_4.51}) to (\ref{Example_4.53}). Certain reduplicated dynamic verbs may take on the function as modal adverbs, such as \textitbf{taw{\Tilde}taw} ‘suddenly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}know’) in (\ref{Example_4.51}). Some reduplicated stative verbs are used as temporal adverbs such as \textitbf{lama{\Tilde}lama} ‘gradually’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.long (of.duration)’) in (\ref{Example_4.52}), while others are used as manner adverbs, such as \textitbf{cepat{\Tilde}cepat} ‘quickly’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}be.fast’) in (\ref{Example_4.53}).
A: word: cepat~cepat	 gloss: RDP~be.fast
B: word: plang~plang	 gloss: RDP~be.slow
C: word: kas~kas	 gloss: RDP~give
D: word: cepat	 gloss: be.fast
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 95:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): de bilang de mo kerja tapi ___ de tidor
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG say 3SG want work but ___ 3SG sleep
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he says, he wants to work but most likely he’ll sleep’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of adverbs typically signals \isi{intensity}, similar to the \isi{reduplication} of verbs, discussed in §\ref{Para_4.2.2} (concerning the similarities between adverbs and verbs, see also §\ref{Para_5.4}). This is illustrated with the \isi{grading} ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{paling} ‘most’, the temporal ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{skarang} ‘now’, and the frequency ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{sring} ‘often’ in the three elicited examples in (\ref{Example_4.54}) to (\ref{Example_4.56}).
A: word: paling	 gloss: most
B: word: banyak~banyak	 gloss: RDP~many
C: word: hitam~hitam	 gloss: RDP~be.black
D: word: paling~paling	 gloss: RDP~most
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 96:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa pu kaka ___ ke Jayapura
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG POSS oSb ___ to Jayapura
The English translation of this sentence is:‘my older sibling (travels) to Jayapura very often’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of adverbs typically signals \isi{intensity}, similar to the \isi{reduplication} of verbs, discussed in §\ref{Para_4.2.2} (concerning the similarities between adverbs and verbs, see also §\ref{Para_5.4}). This is illustrated with the \isi{grading} ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{paling} ‘most’, the temporal ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{skarang} ‘now’, and the frequency ad\isi{verb} \textitbf{sring} ‘often’ in the three elicited examples in (\ref{Example_4.54}) to (\ref{Example_4.56}).
A: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
B: word: sring~sring	 gloss: RDP~often
C: word: lama~lama	 gloss: RDP~be.long
D: word: kadang~kadang	 gloss: RDP~sometimes
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 97:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yo, kas tinggal ___
Gloss (with missing item): yes give stay ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘yes, let both of them stay’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated numerals have two meaning aspects. They may express \isi{collectivity} in the sense of ``all \textsc{base}' as in (\ref{Example_4.57}) and the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.58}), or signal distributiveness in the sense of ``\textsc{base} by \textsc{base}'' as in (\ref{Example_4.59}) and (\ref{Example_4.60}).
A: word: dua~dua	 gloss: RDP~two
B: word: bua~bua	 gloss: RDP~fruit
C: word: dua	 gloss: two
D: word: satu~satu	 gloss: RDP~one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 98:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... karna pesta tu de su kasi mati ___
Gloss (with missing item): ... because party D.DIST 3SG already give die ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[he/she has three pigs (but)] because of that festivity he/she already killed all three of them’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated numerals have two meaning aspects. They may express \isi{collectivity} in the sense of ``all \textsc{base}' as in (\ref{Example_4.57}) and the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.58}), or signal distributiveness in the sense of ``\textsc{base} by \textsc{base}'' as in (\ref{Example_4.59}) and (\ref{Example_4.60}).
A: word: tiga	 gloss: one
B: word: dorang~dorang	 gloss: RDP~3PL
C: word: kurus~kurus	 gloss: RDP~be.thin
D: word: tiga~tiga	 gloss: RDP~three
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 99:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... jadi lega ada lepas~lepas ___
Gloss (with missing item): ... so be.relieved exist RDP~free ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[fortunately, (the people) over there have already received Jesus,] so (you can feel) relieved, they were freed one-by-one’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated numerals have two meaning aspects. They may express \isi{collectivity} in the sense of ``all \textsc{base}' as in (\ref{Example_4.57}) and the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.58}), or signal distributiveness in the sense of ``\textsc{base} by \textsc{base}'' as in (\ref{Example_4.59}) and (\ref{Example_4.60}).
A: word: satu	 gloss: one
B: word: satu~satu	 gloss: RDP~one
C: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
D: word: rusak~rusak	 gloss: RDP~be.damaged
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 100:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa minum ___ mangkok
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG drink ___ cup
The English translation of this sentence is:[About the lack of water during a retreat:] ‘I drank five cups (every morning)’ (Lit. ‘five-by-five cups’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated numerals have two meaning aspects. They may express \isi{collectivity} in the sense of ``all \textsc{base}' as in (\ref{Example_4.57}) and the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.58}), or signal distributiveness in the sense of ``\textsc{base} by \textsc{base}'' as in (\ref{Example_4.59}) and (\ref{Example_4.60}).
A: word: lima	 gloss: five
B: word: mobil	 gloss: car
C: word: lima~lima	 gloss: RDP~five
D: word: banyak~banyak	 gloss: RDP~many
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C