cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): masi ___
Gloss (with missing item): still ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a road building project:] ‘(the area is) still swampy’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated nouns can also undergo, what generally-speaking \citet[212]{Booij.2007} calls, an “\isi{interpretational shift}” or “type coercion”. In Papuan Malay, such a shift can result in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns as in (\ref{Example_4.18}) to (\ref{Example_4.20}), or in an adverbial reading as in (\ref{Example_4.21}) to (\ref{Example_4.24}), depending on the larger linguistic context.
A: word: lari~lari	 gloss: RDP~run
B: word: pulow~pulow	 gloss: RDP~island
C: word: rawa~rawa	 gloss: RDP~swamp
D: word: niwerawar	 gloss: Niwerawar
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa tunjuk ___ muka, blajar untuk mandiri
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG show ___ front study for stand.alone
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I point right into (their) faces (and tell them), ``study to become independent'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated nouns can also undergo, what generally-speaking \citet[212]{Booij.2007} calls, an “\isi{interpretational shift}” or “type coercion”. In Papuan Malay, such a shift can result in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns as in (\ref{Example_4.18}) to (\ref{Example_4.20}), or in an adverbial reading as in (\ref{Example_4.21}) to (\ref{Example_4.24}), depending on the larger linguistic context.
A: word: depang	 gloss: front
B: word: itu~itu	 gloss: RDP~D.DIST
C: word: depang~depang	 gloss: RDP~front
D: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ Ise bawa pulang dia pi tidor dengang de punya mama
Gloss (with missing item): ___ Ise bring go.home 3SG go sleep with 3SG POSS mother
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a crying child:] ‘late at night Ise brought (her) home so that she (would) go and sleep with her mother’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated nouns can also undergo, what generally-speaking \citet[212]{Booij.2007} calls, an “\isi{interpretational shift}” or “type coercion”. In Papuan Malay, such a shift can result in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns as in (\ref{Example_4.18}) to (\ref{Example_4.20}), or in an adverbial reading as in (\ref{Example_4.21}) to (\ref{Example_4.24}), depending on the larger linguistic context.
A: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
B: word: siapa~siapa	 gloss: RDP~who
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: malam	 gloss: night
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): waktu itu sa masi ___
Gloss (with missing item): time D.DIST 1SG still ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at that time I was still quite small’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift resulting in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns usually applies to reduplicated kinship terms, taking the predicate slot in nonverbal clauses. This is illustrated with \textitbf{ana} ‘child’ in (\ref{Example_4.18}) and \textitbf{tete} ‘grandfather’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In this context, the reduplicated nouns receive a stative verbal rather than a nominal reading. That is, referring to specific age groups, they designate pertinent attributes of their base words, as in \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘be quite small’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}child’) in (\ref{Example_4.18}), or \textitbf{tete{\Tilde}tete} ‘be quite old’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}grandfather’) in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In addition, the corpus contains one example in which a non-\isi{kinship term}, namely the common \isi{noun} \textitbf{rawa} ‘swamp’, undergoes a similar \isi{interpretational shift}, receiving the stative verbal reading in \textitbf{rawa{\Tilde}rawa} ‘be swampy’, as shown in (\ref{Example_4.20}).
A: word: sana~sana	 gloss: RDP~LOC.DIST
B: word: sodara~sodara	 gloss: RDP~sibling
C: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
D: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pace {ni} de {su} ___ tapi masi maing deng ana~ana muda
Gloss (with missing item): man D.PROX 3SG already ___ but still play with RDP~child be.young
The English translation of this sentence is:‘this guy, he’s already quite old but he still hangs out with the young people’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift resulting in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns usually applies to reduplicated kinship terms, taking the predicate slot in nonverbal clauses. This is illustrated with \textitbf{ana} ‘child’ in (\ref{Example_4.18}) and \textitbf{tete} ‘grandfather’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In this context, the reduplicated nouns receive a stative verbal rather than a nominal reading. That is, referring to specific age groups, they designate pertinent attributes of their base words, as in \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘be quite small’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}child’) in (\ref{Example_4.18}), or \textitbf{tete{\Tilde}tete} ‘be quite old’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}grandfather’) in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In addition, the corpus contains one example in which a non-\isi{kinship term}, namely the common \isi{noun} \textitbf{rawa} ‘swamp’, undergoes a similar \isi{interpretational shift}, receiving the stative verbal reading in \textitbf{rawa{\Tilde}rawa} ‘be swampy’, as shown in (\ref{Example_4.20}).
A: word: swak~swak	 gloss: RDP~be.exhausted
B: word: tete~tete	 gloss: RDP~grandfather
C: word: tete	 gloss: grandfather
D: word: om~om	 gloss: RDP~uncle
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): waktu itu sa masi ___
Gloss (with missing item): time D.DIST 1SG still ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at that time I was still quite small’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift resulting in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns usually applies to reduplicated kinship terms, taking the predicate slot in nonverbal clauses. This is illustrated with \textitbf{ana} ‘child’ in (\ref{Example_4.18}) and \textitbf{tete} ‘grandfather’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In this context, the reduplicated nouns receive a stative verbal rather than a nominal reading. That is, referring to specific age groups, they designate pertinent attributes of their base words, as in \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘be quite small’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}child’) in (\ref{Example_4.18}), or \textitbf{tete{\Tilde}tete} ‘be quite old’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}grandfather’) in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In addition, the corpus contains one example in which a non-\isi{kinship term}, namely the common \isi{noun} \textitbf{rawa} ‘swamp’, undergoes a similar \isi{interpretational shift}, receiving the stative verbal reading in \textitbf{rawa{\Tilde}rawa} ‘be swampy’, as shown in (\ref{Example_4.20}).
A: word: sodara~sodara	 gloss: RDP~sibling
B: word: baku~baku	 gloss: RDP~RECP
C: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
D: word: sana~sana	 gloss: RDP~LOC.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pace {ni} de {su} ___ tapi masi maing deng ana~ana muda
Gloss (with missing item): man D.PROX 3SG already ___ but still play with RDP~child be.young
The English translation of this sentence is:‘this guy, he’s already quite old but he still hangs out with the young people’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift resulting in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns usually applies to reduplicated kinship terms, taking the predicate slot in nonverbal clauses. This is illustrated with \textitbf{ana} ‘child’ in (\ref{Example_4.18}) and \textitbf{tete} ‘grandfather’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In this context, the reduplicated nouns receive a stative verbal rather than a nominal reading. That is, referring to specific age groups, they designate pertinent attributes of their base words, as in \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘be quite small’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}child’) in (\ref{Example_4.18}), or \textitbf{tete{\Tilde}tete} ‘be quite old’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}grandfather’) in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In addition, the corpus contains one example in which a non-\isi{kinship term}, namely the common \isi{noun} \textitbf{rawa} ‘swamp’, undergoes a similar \isi{interpretational shift}, receiving the stative verbal reading in \textitbf{rawa{\Tilde}rawa} ‘be swampy’, as shown in (\ref{Example_4.20}).
A: word: tete~tete	 gloss: RDP~grandfather
B: word: om~om	 gloss: RDP~uncle
C: word: pulang~pulang	 gloss: RDP~go.home
D: word: tete	 gloss: grandfather
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): masi ___
Gloss (with missing item): still ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a road building project:] ‘(the area is) still swampy’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift resulting in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns usually applies to reduplicated kinship terms, taking the predicate slot in nonverbal clauses. This is illustrated with \textitbf{ana} ‘child’ in (\ref{Example_4.18}) and \textitbf{tete} ‘grandfather’ in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In this context, the reduplicated nouns receive a stative verbal rather than a nominal reading. That is, referring to specific age groups, they designate pertinent attributes of their base words, as in \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘be quite small’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}child’) in (\ref{Example_4.18}), or \textitbf{tete{\Tilde}tete} ‘be quite old’ (literally ‘\textsc{rdp}{\Tilde}grandfather’) in (\ref{Example_4.19}). In addition, the corpus contains one example in which a non-\isi{kinship term}, namely the common \isi{noun} \textitbf{rawa} ‘swamp’, undergoes a similar \isi{interpretational shift}, receiving the stative verbal reading in \textitbf{rawa{\Tilde}rawa} ‘be swampy’, as shown in (\ref{Example_4.20}).
A: word: rawa~rawa	 gloss: RDP~swamp
B: word: pulow~pulow	 gloss: RDP~island
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: niwerawar	 gloss: Niwerawar
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sa tunjuk ___ muka, blajar untuk mandiri
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG show ___ front study for stand.alone
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I point right into (their) faces (and tell them), ``study to become independent'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift can also affect reduplicated location nouns or nouns denoting periods of the day, with the reduplicated nouns receiving an intensified or emphatic adverbial reading. This is illustrated with the location nouns \textitbf{depang} ‘front’ in (\ref{Example_4.21}) and \textitbf{samping} ‘side’ in (\ref{Example_4.22}), and the temporal nouns \textitbf{pagi} ‘morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.23}) and \textitbf{malam} ‘night’ in (\ref{Example_4.24}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns designating time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}.)
A: word: depang~depang	 gloss: RDP~front
B: word: sakit~sakit	 gloss: RDP~be.sick
C: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
D: word: depang	 gloss: front
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jalang di ___ itu pagar itu
Gloss (with missing item): walk at ___ D.DIST fence D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘(he/she) walked right next to, what’s-its-name, that fence’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift can also affect reduplicated location nouns or nouns denoting periods of the day, with the reduplicated nouns receiving an intensified or emphatic adverbial reading. This is illustrated with the location nouns \textitbf{depang} ‘front’ in (\ref{Example_4.21}) and \textitbf{samping} ‘side’ in (\ref{Example_4.22}), and the temporal nouns \textitbf{pagi} ‘morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.23}) and \textitbf{malam} ‘night’ in (\ref{Example_4.24}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns designating time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}.)
A: word: garo~garo	 gloss: RDP~scratch
B: word: samping	 gloss: side
C: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
D: word: depang~depang	 gloss: RDP~front
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... ___ jam lima sa su masuk di kamar
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ hour five 1SG already enter at room
The English translation of this sentence is:[About disciplining ill-behaved teenagers:] ‘[tonight I’ll still sleep,] (but tomorrow) early in the morning at five o’clock I will already have gone into (their) room’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift can also affect reduplicated location nouns or nouns denoting periods of the day, with the reduplicated nouns receiving an intensified or emphatic adverbial reading. This is illustrated with the location nouns \textitbf{depang} ‘front’ in (\ref{Example_4.21}) and \textitbf{samping} ‘side’ in (\ref{Example_4.22}), and the temporal nouns \textitbf{pagi} ‘morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.23}) and \textitbf{malam} ‘night’ in (\ref{Example_4.24}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns designating time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}.)
A: word: taw~taw	 gloss: RDP~know
B: word: pagi	 gloss: morning
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ Ise bawa pulang dia pi tidor dengang de punya mama
Gloss (with missing item): ___ Ise bring go.home 3SG go sleep with 3SG POSS mother
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a crying child:] ‘late at night Ise brought (her) home so that she (would) go and sleep with her mother’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift can also affect reduplicated location nouns or nouns denoting periods of the day, with the reduplicated nouns receiving an intensified or emphatic adverbial reading. This is illustrated with the location nouns \textitbf{depang} ‘front’ in (\ref{Example_4.21}) and \textitbf{samping} ‘side’ in (\ref{Example_4.22}), and the temporal nouns \textitbf{pagi} ‘morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.23}) and \textitbf{malam} ‘night’ in (\ref{Example_4.24}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns designating time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}.)
A: word: orang~orang	 gloss: RDP~person
B: word: malam	 gloss: night
C: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
D: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ biking te
Gloss (with missing item): ___ make tea
The English translation of this sentence is:‘every morning (they) made tea’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift can also affect reduplicated location nouns or nouns denoting periods of the day, with the reduplicated nouns receiving an intensified or emphatic adverbial reading. This is illustrated with the location nouns \textitbf{depang} ‘front’ in (\ref{Example_4.21}) and \textitbf{samping} ‘side’ in (\ref{Example_4.22}), and the temporal nouns \textitbf{pagi} ‘morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.23}) and \textitbf{malam} ‘night’ in (\ref{Example_4.24}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns designating time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}.)
A: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
B: word: pagi	 gloss: morning
C: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
D: word: ini~ini	 gloss: RDP~D.PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ko jangang ikut~ikut orang tua ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG NEG.IMP RDP~follow person be.old ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘don’t keep hanging out with the grown-ups every evening’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Interpretational shift can also affect reduplicated location nouns or nouns denoting periods of the day, with the reduplicated nouns receiving an intensified or emphatic adverbial reading. This is illustrated with the location nouns \textitbf{depang} ‘front’ in (\ref{Example_4.21}) and \textitbf{samping} ‘side’ in (\ref{Example_4.22}), and the temporal nouns \textitbf{pagi} ‘morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.23}) and \textitbf{malam} ‘night’ in (\ref{Example_4.24}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns designating time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}.)
A: word: malam	 gloss: night
B: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: nakal~nakal	 gloss: RDP~be.mischievous
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B