cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dia lewat pante ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG pass.by coast ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he drove along the beach at some (point in) the evening’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, three types of plurality have been identified which are encoded by \isi{noun} \isi{reduplication} \citep[561]{Wiltshire.1978}: \isi{collectivity}, diversity (or variety), and distributivity.\footnote{\citet[561]{Wiltshire.1978} refer to “\isi{collectivity}” as “simple plurality”.} Of these three types, Papuan Malay uses two, namely \isi{collectivity} as in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and (\ref{Example_4.11}), and diversity as in (\ref{Example_4.12}) and (\ref{Example_4.13}). Another type of plurality is \isi{indefiniteness} \citep{Rubino.2013}, which is also found in Papuan Malay, as demonstrated in (\ref{Example_4.16}) and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3} (p. \pageref{Example_4.16}).
A: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
B: word: malam	 gloss: night
C: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
D: word: bua~bua	 gloss: RDP~fruit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ su pergi kerja, ana~ana su kawing
Gloss (with missing item): ___ already go work RDP~child already marry.inofficially
The English translation of this sentence is:[Complaint of a lonely couple:] ‘all (our) children already went to work (elsewhere), all (our) children are already married’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of nouns most often indicates \isi{collectivity} in the sense of ``all \textsc{base}'', as shown with \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘children’ in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and \textitbf{orang{\Tilde}orang} ‘people’ in (\ref{Example_4.11}).
A: word: taw~taw	 gloss: RDP~know
B: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
C: word: sana~sana	 gloss: RDP~LOC.DIST
D: word: sodara~sodara	 gloss: RDP~sibling
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ana~ana su pergi kerja, ___ su kawing
Gloss (with missing item): RDP~child already go work ___ already marry.inofficially
The English translation of this sentence is:[Complaint of a lonely couple:] ‘all (our) children already went to work (elsewhere), all (our) children are already married’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of nouns most often indicates \isi{collectivity} in the sense of ``all \textsc{base}'', as shown with \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘children’ in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and \textitbf{orang{\Tilde}orang} ‘people’ in (\ref{Example_4.11}).
A: word: sodara~sodara	 gloss: RDP~sibling
B: word: sana~sana	 gloss: RDP~LOC.DIST
C: word: siapa~siapa	 gloss: RDP~who
D: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e, ___ itu dong mara~mara
Gloss (with missing item): hey! ___ D.DIST 3PL RDP~feel.angry(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘hey, all those people, they’ll be really angry (with you)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of nouns most often indicates \isi{collectivity} in the sense of ``all \textsc{base}'', as shown with \textitbf{ana{\Tilde}ana} ‘children’ in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and \textitbf{orang{\Tilde}orang} ‘people’ in (\ref{Example_4.11}).
A: word: temang~temang	 gloss: RDP~friend
B: word: dorang~dorang	 gloss: RDP~3PL
C: word: orang~orang	 gloss: RDP~person
D: word: banyak~banyak	 gloss: RDP~many
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ di sini banyak
Gloss (with missing item): ___ at L.PROX many
The English translation of this sentence is:‘there are a many different kinds of fruit (trees) here’ (Lit. ‘the various fruit (trees) here are many’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Less often, reduplicated nouns signal diversity such as \textitbf{bua{\Tilde}bua} ‘various fruit (trees)’ in (\ref{Example_4.12}), or \textitbf{pohong{\Tilde}pohong} ‘various trees’ in (\ref{Example_4.13}).
A: word: daung~daung	 gloss: RDP~leaf
B: word: bua~bua	 gloss: RDP~fruit
C: word: bunga~bunga	 gloss: RDP~flower
D: word: kas~kas	 gloss: RDP~give
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ biking te
Gloss (with missing item): ___ make tea
The English translation of this sentence is:‘every morning (they) made tea’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of nouns denoting periods of the day can indicate \isi{repetition}. This is illustrated with \textitbf{pagi{\Tilde}pagi} ‘every morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.14}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘every evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.15}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns expressing time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: panta	 gloss: buttock
B: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
C: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
D: word: pagi	 gloss: morning
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ko jangang ikut~ikut orang tua ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG NEG.IMP RDP~follow person be.old ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘don’t keep hanging out with the grown-ups every evening’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of nouns denoting periods of the day can indicate \isi{repetition}. This is illustrated with \textitbf{pagi{\Tilde}pagi} ‘every morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.14}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘every evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.15}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns expressing time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: bertriak~triak	 gloss: RDP~scream
B: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: malam	 gloss: night
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dia lewat pante ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG pass.by coast ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he drove along the beach at some (point in) the evening’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of nouns denoting periods of the day can indicate \isi{repetition}. This is illustrated with \textitbf{pagi{\Tilde}pagi} ‘every morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.14}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘every evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.15}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns expressing time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: malam	 gloss: night
B: word: pahit~pahit	 gloss: RDP~be.bitter
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... ___ jam lima sa su masuk di kamar
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ hour five 1SG already enter at room
The English translation of this sentence is:[About disciplining ill-behaved teenagers:] ‘[tonight I’ll still sleep,] (but tomorrow) early in the morning at five o’clock I will already have gone into (their) room’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of nouns denoting periods of the day can indicate \isi{repetition}. This is illustrated with \textitbf{pagi{\Tilde}pagi} ‘every morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.14}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘every evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.15}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns expressing time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: pagi	 gloss: morning
B: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
C: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
D: word: kamu~kamu	 gloss: RDP~2PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ Ise bawa pulang dia pi tidor dengang de punya mama
Gloss (with missing item): ___ Ise bring go.home 3SG go sleep with 3SG POSS mother
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a crying child:] ‘late at night Ise brought (her) home so that she (would) go and sleep with her mother’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of nouns denoting periods of the day can indicate \isi{repetition}. This is illustrated with \textitbf{pagi{\Tilde}pagi} ‘every morning’ in (\ref{Example_4.14}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘every evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.15}). (For alternative readings of reduplicated nouns expressing time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3}, p. \pageref{Example_4.17}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
B: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
C: word: malam	 gloss: night
D: word: satu~satu	 gloss: RDP~one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru titip di, ini, ___ dorang
Gloss (with missing item): and.then deposit at D.PROX ___ 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘leave (the letter) with, what’s-his-name, any one of the uncles and his family’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Depending on the context, reduplicated nouns may signal \isi{indefiniteness} by referring to an unspecified group member, in the sense of ``any'' or "some''. This is illustrated with \textitbf{om{\Tilde}om} ‘any one of the uncles’ in (\ref{Example_4.16}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘at some point in the evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.17}). (For alternative interpretations of reduplicated nouns signaling time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: om~om	 gloss: RDP~uncle
B: word: lompat	 gloss: jump
C: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
D: word: tete~tete	 gloss: RDP~grandfather
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dia lewat pante ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG pass.by coast ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘he drove along the beach at some (point in) the evening’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Depending on the context, reduplicated nouns may signal \isi{indefiniteness} by referring to an unspecified group member, in the sense of ``any'' or "some''. This is illustrated with \textitbf{om{\Tilde}om} ‘any one of the uncles’ in (\ref{Example_4.16}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘at some point in the evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.17}). (For alternative interpretations of reduplicated nouns signaling time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: malam	 gloss: night
B: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: bua~bua	 gloss: RDP~fruit
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ biking te
Gloss (with missing item): ___ make tea
The English translation of this sentence is:‘every morning (they) made tea’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Depending on the context, reduplicated nouns may signal \isi{indefiniteness} by referring to an unspecified group member, in the sense of ``any'' or "some''. This is illustrated with \textitbf{om{\Tilde}om} ‘any one of the uncles’ in (\ref{Example_4.16}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘at some point in the evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.17}). (For alternative interpretations of reduplicated nouns signaling time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
B: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
C: word: tra	 gloss: NEG
D: word: pagi	 gloss: morning
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ko jangang ikut~ikut orang tua ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG NEG.IMP RDP~follow person be.old ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘don’t keep hanging out with the grown-ups every evening’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Depending on the context, reduplicated nouns may signal \isi{indefiniteness} by referring to an unspecified group member, in the sense of ``any'' or "some''. This is illustrated with \textitbf{om{\Tilde}om} ‘any one of the uncles’ in (\ref{Example_4.16}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘at some point in the evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.17}). (For alternative interpretations of reduplicated nouns signaling time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: malam	 gloss: night
B: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
C: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
D: word: datang~datang	 gloss: RDP~come
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... ___ jam lima sa su masuk di kamar
Gloss (with missing item): ... ___ hour five 1SG already enter at room
The English translation of this sentence is:[About disciplining ill-behaved teenagers:] ‘[tonight I’ll still sleep,] (but tomorrow) early in the morning at five o’clock I will already have gone into (their) room’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Depending on the context, reduplicated nouns may signal \isi{indefiniteness} by referring to an unspecified group member, in the sense of ``any'' or "some''. This is illustrated with \textitbf{om{\Tilde}om} ‘any one of the uncles’ in (\ref{Example_4.16}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘at some point in the evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.17}). (For alternative interpretations of reduplicated nouns signaling time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: lima~lima	 gloss: RDP~five
B: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: pagi	 gloss: morning
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ Ise bawa pulang dia pi tidor dengang de punya mama
Gloss (with missing item): ___ Ise bring go.home 3SG go sleep with 3SG POSS mother
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a crying child:] ‘late at night Ise brought (her) home so that she (would) go and sleep with her mother’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Depending on the context, reduplicated nouns may signal \isi{indefiniteness} by referring to an unspecified group member, in the sense of ``any'' or "some''. This is illustrated with \textitbf{om{\Tilde}om} ‘any one of the uncles’ in (\ref{Example_4.16}), and \textitbf{malam{\Tilde}malam} ‘at some point in the evening’ in (\ref{Example_4.17}). (For alternative interpretations of reduplicated nouns signaling time divisions, see (\ref{Example_4.14}) and (\ref{Example_4.15}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.2}, p. \pageref{Example_4.14}, and (\ref{Example_4.23}) and (\ref{Example_4.24}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.4}, p. \pageref{Example_4.23}.)
A: word: malam~malam	 gloss: RDP~night
B: word: bua~bua	 gloss: RDP~fruit
C: word: pagi~pagi	 gloss: RDP~morning
D: word: malam	 gloss: night
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): waktu itu sa masi ___
Gloss (with missing item): time D.DIST 1SG still ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘at that time I was still quite small’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplicated nouns can also undergo, what generally-speaking \citet[212]{Booij.2007} calls, an “\isi{interpretational shift}” or “type coercion”. In Papuan Malay, such a shift can result in a stative verbal reading of reduplicated nouns as in (\ref{Example_4.18}) to (\ref{Example_4.20}), or in an adverbial reading as in (\ref{Example_4.21}) to (\ref{Example_4.24}), depending on the larger linguistic context.
A: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
B: word: orang~orang	 gloss: RDP~person
C: word: sodara~sodara	 gloss: RDP~sibling
D: word: sana~sana	 gloss: RDP~LOC.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A