cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jadi saya, saya deng sa pu ___ tinggal di ruma
Gloss (with missing item): so 1SG 1SG with 1SG POSS ___ stay at house
The English translation of this sentence is:Plurality: ‘so I, I and my younger siblings stayed at the house’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of content words is demonstrated with the three examples in (\ref{Example_4.3}) to (\ref{Example_4.5}). Reduplication of a \isi{noun} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.3}); in this context reduplicated \textitbf{ade} ‘younger sibling’ conveys plurality. The utterance in (\ref{Example_4.4}) includes a reduplicated \isi{verb}; in this context, \textitbf{lari} ‘run’ expresses \isi{continuation}. And the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.5}) illustrates \isi{reduplication} of an ad\isi{verb}; in this context \isi{prohibitive} \textitbf{jangang} ‘\textsc{neg.imp}, don’t’ denotes \isi{intensity}. The three examples illustrate only three of the different meanings expressed with \isi{reduplication}. Depending on the context, a reduplicated \isi{noun} can also signal \isi{repetition}, to name just one other meaning aspect. Along similar lines, a reduplicated \isi{verb} can also express \isi{aimlessness}, among other meanings. This variety of different meanings is discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_4.2}.
A: word: taw~taw	 gloss: RDP~know
B: word: hitam~hitam	 gloss: RDP~be.black
C: word: ade	 gloss: LIG
D: word: ade~ade	 gloss: RDP~ySb
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tapi ___ hujang di tenga jalang
Gloss (with missing item): ... but ___ rain at middle walk
The English translation of this sentence is:Intensity: ‘[I want to go to (my) gardens,] but let’s hope it won’t rain in the middle of the way’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of content words is demonstrated with the three examples in (\ref{Example_4.3}) to (\ref{Example_4.5}). Reduplication of a \isi{noun} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.3}); in this context reduplicated \textitbf{ade} ‘younger sibling’ conveys plurality. The utterance in (\ref{Example_4.4}) includes a reduplicated \isi{verb}; in this context, \textitbf{lari} ‘run’ expresses \isi{continuation}. And the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.5}) illustrates \isi{reduplication} of an ad\isi{verb}; in this context \isi{prohibitive} \textitbf{jangang} ‘\textsc{neg.imp}, don’t’ denotes \isi{intensity}. The three examples illustrate only three of the different meanings expressed with \isi{reduplication}. Depending on the context, a reduplicated \isi{noun} can also signal \isi{repetition}, to name just one other meaning aspect. Along similar lines, a reduplicated \isi{verb} can also express \isi{aimlessness}, among other meanings. This variety of different meanings is discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_4.2}.
A: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
B: word: satu~satu	 gloss: RDP~one
C: word: sini~sini	 gloss: RDP~L.PROX
D: word: jangang~jangang	 gloss: RDP~NEG.IMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jadi saya, saya deng sa pu ___ tinggal di ruma
Gloss (with missing item): so 1SG 1SG with 1SG POSS ___ stay at house
The English translation of this sentence is:Plurality: ‘so I, I and my younger siblings stayed at the house’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of content words is demonstrated with the three examples in (\ref{Example_4.3}) to (\ref{Example_4.5}). Reduplication of a \isi{noun} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.3}); in this context reduplicated \textitbf{ade} ‘younger sibling’ conveys plurality. The utterance in (\ref{Example_4.4}) includes a reduplicated \isi{verb}; in this context, \textitbf{lari} ‘run’ expresses \isi{continuation}. And the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.5}) illustrates \isi{reduplication} of an ad\isi{verb}; in this context \isi{prohibitive} \textitbf{jangang} ‘\textsc{neg.imp}, don’t’ denotes \isi{intensity}. The three examples illustrate only three of the different meanings expressed with \isi{reduplication}. Depending on the context, a reduplicated \isi{noun} can also signal \isi{repetition}, to name just one other meaning aspect. Along similar lines, a reduplicated \isi{verb} can also express \isi{aimlessness}, among other meanings. This variety of different meanings is discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_4.2}.
A: word: ade	 gloss: LIG
B: word: cepat~cepat	 gloss: RDP~be.fast
C: word: ade~ade	 gloss: RDP~ySb
D: word: taw~taw	 gloss: RDP~know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kitong dua ___ sampe di Martewar
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL two ___ reach at Martewar
The English translation of this sentence is:Continuation: ‘the two of us kept running all the way to Martewar’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of content words is demonstrated with the three examples in (\ref{Example_4.3}) to (\ref{Example_4.5}). Reduplication of a \isi{noun} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.3}); in this context reduplicated \textitbf{ade} ‘younger sibling’ conveys plurality. The utterance in (\ref{Example_4.4}) includes a reduplicated \isi{verb}; in this context, \textitbf{lari} ‘run’ expresses \isi{continuation}. And the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.5}) illustrates \isi{reduplication} of an ad\isi{verb}; in this context \isi{prohibitive} \textitbf{jangang} ‘\textsc{neg.imp}, don’t’ denotes \isi{intensity}. The three examples illustrate only three of the different meanings expressed with \isi{reduplication}. Depending on the context, a reduplicated \isi{noun} can also signal \isi{repetition}, to name just one other meaning aspect. Along similar lines, a reduplicated \isi{verb} can also express \isi{aimlessness}, among other meanings. This variety of different meanings is discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_4.2}.
A: word: lima~lima	 gloss: RDP~five
B: word: apa~apa	 gloss: RDP~what
C: word: lari	 gloss: run
D: word: lari~lari	 gloss: RDP~run
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... tapi ___ hujang di tenga jalang
Gloss (with missing item): ... but ___ rain at middle walk
The English translation of this sentence is:Intensity: ‘[I want to go to (my) gardens,] but let’s hope it won’t rain in the middle of the way’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of content words is demonstrated with the three examples in (\ref{Example_4.3}) to (\ref{Example_4.5}). Reduplication of a \isi{noun} is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.3}); in this context reduplicated \textitbf{ade} ‘younger sibling’ conveys plurality. The utterance in (\ref{Example_4.4}) includes a reduplicated \isi{verb}; in this context, \textitbf{lari} ‘run’ expresses \isi{continuation}. And the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.5}) illustrates \isi{reduplication} of an ad\isi{verb}; in this context \isi{prohibitive} \textitbf{jangang} ‘\textsc{neg.imp}, don’t’ denotes \isi{intensity}. The three examples illustrate only three of the different meanings expressed with \isi{reduplication}. Depending on the context, a reduplicated \isi{noun} can also signal \isi{repetition}, to name just one other meaning aspect. Along similar lines, a reduplicated \isi{verb} can also express \isi{aimlessness}, among other meanings. This variety of different meanings is discussed in detail in §\ref{Para_4.2}.
A: word: jangang~jangang	 gloss: RDP~NEG.IMP
B: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
C: word: jangang	 gloss: NEG.IMP
D: word: sini~sini	 gloss: RDP~L.PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ini bangung, bangung
Gloss (with missing item): ___ D.PROX wake.up wake.up
The English translation of this sentence is:Collectivity: ‘you all here wake-up!, wake-up!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of three different types of functions words and the different meaning aspects conveyed is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.6}) to (\ref{Example_4.8}): personal pronouns in (\ref{Example_4.6}), locatives in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.7}), and interrogatives in (\ref{Example_4.8}).
A: word: kamu	 gloss: 2PL
B: word: kamu~kamu	 gloss: RDP~2PL
C: word: dorang~dorang	 gloss: RDP~3PL
D: word: samping~samping	 gloss: RDP~side
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... sa tra perna lari ke ___
Gloss (with missing item): ... 1SG NEG once run to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:Intensity: ‘[even (when) my children were already sick,] I’ve never run to anyone (for black-magic help)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of three different types of functions words and the different meaning aspects conveyed is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.6}) to (\ref{Example_4.8}): personal pronouns in (\ref{Example_4.6}), locatives in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.7}), and interrogatives in (\ref{Example_4.8}).
A: word: jangang~jangang	 gloss: RDP~NEG.IMP
B: word: siapa~siapa	 gloss: RDP~who
C: word: siapa	 gloss: who
D: word: orang~orang	 gloss: RDP~person
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ini bangung, bangung
Gloss (with missing item): ___ D.PROX wake.up wake.up
The English translation of this sentence is:Collectivity: ‘you all here wake-up!, wake-up!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of three different types of functions words and the different meaning aspects conveyed is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.6}) to (\ref{Example_4.8}): personal pronouns in (\ref{Example_4.6}), locatives in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.7}), and interrogatives in (\ref{Example_4.8}).
A: word: kamu~kamu	 gloss: RDP~2PL
B: word: dua~dua	 gloss: RDP~two
C: word: kamu	 gloss: 2PL
D: word: dorang~dorang	 gloss: RDP~3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ko lari suda ke ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG run already to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:Diversity: ‘you run to somewhere over there!’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of three different types of functions words and the different meaning aspects conveyed is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.6}) to (\ref{Example_4.8}): personal pronouns in (\ref{Example_4.6}), locatives in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.7}), and interrogatives in (\ref{Example_4.8}).
A: word: tiga~tiga	 gloss: RDP~three
B: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
C: word: sana~sana	 gloss: RDP~LOC.DIST
D: word: itu~itu	 gloss: RDP~D.DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... sa tra perna lari ke ___
Gloss (with missing item): ... 1SG NEG once run to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:Intensity: ‘[even (when) my children were already sick,] I’ve never run to anyone (for black-magic help)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Reduplication of three different types of functions words and the different meaning aspects conveyed is illustrated in (\ref{Example_4.6}) to (\ref{Example_4.8}): personal pronouns in (\ref{Example_4.6}), locatives in the elicited example in (\ref{Example_4.7}), and interrogatives in (\ref{Example_4.8}).
A: word: orang~orang	 gloss: RDP~person
B: word: ganggu~ganggu	 gloss: RDP~disturb
C: word: siapa~siapa	 gloss: RDP~who
D: word: siapa	 gloss: who
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ su pergi kerja, ana~ana su kawing
Gloss (with missing item): ___ already go work RDP~child already marry.inofficially
The English translation of this sentence is:[Complaint of a lonely couple:] ‘all (our) children already went to work (elsewhere), all (our) children are already married’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, three types of plurality have been identified which are encoded by \isi{noun} \isi{reduplication} \citep[561]{Wiltshire.1978}: \isi{collectivity}, diversity (or variety), and distributivity.\footnote{\citet[561]{Wiltshire.1978} refer to “\isi{collectivity}” as “simple plurality”.} Of these three types, Papuan Malay uses two, namely \isi{collectivity} as in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and (\ref{Example_4.11}), and diversity as in (\ref{Example_4.12}) and (\ref{Example_4.13}). Another type of plurality is \isi{indefiniteness} \citep{Rubino.2013}, which is also found in Papuan Malay, as demonstrated in (\ref{Example_4.16}) and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3} (p. \pageref{Example_4.16}).
A: word: sana~sana	 gloss: RDP~LOC.DIST
B: word: pintar~pintar	 gloss: RDP~be.clever
C: word: sodara~sodara	 gloss: RDP~sibling
D: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ana~ana su pergi kerja, ___ su kawing
Gloss (with missing item): RDP~child already go work ___ already marry.inofficially
The English translation of this sentence is:[Complaint of a lonely couple:] ‘all (our) children already went to work (elsewhere), all (our) children are already married’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, three types of plurality have been identified which are encoded by \isi{noun} \isi{reduplication} \citep[561]{Wiltshire.1978}: \isi{collectivity}, diversity (or variety), and distributivity.\footnote{\citet[561]{Wiltshire.1978} refer to “\isi{collectivity}” as “simple plurality”.} Of these three types, Papuan Malay uses two, namely \isi{collectivity} as in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and (\ref{Example_4.11}), and diversity as in (\ref{Example_4.12}) and (\ref{Example_4.13}). Another type of plurality is \isi{indefiniteness} \citep{Rubino.2013}, which is also found in Papuan Malay, as demonstrated in (\ref{Example_4.16}) and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3} (p. \pageref{Example_4.16}).
A: word: ana~ana	 gloss: RDP~child
B: word: sodara~sodara	 gloss: RDP~sibling
C: word: sana~sana	 gloss: RDP~LOC.DIST
D: word: sakit~sakit	 gloss: RDP~be.sick
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): e, ___ itu dong mara~mara
Gloss (with missing item): hey! ___ D.DIST 3PL RDP~feel.angry(.about)
The English translation of this sentence is:‘hey, all those people, they’ll be really angry (with you)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, three types of plurality have been identified which are encoded by \isi{noun} \isi{reduplication} \citep[561]{Wiltshire.1978}: \isi{collectivity}, diversity (or variety), and distributivity.\footnote{\citet[561]{Wiltshire.1978} refer to “\isi{collectivity}” as “simple plurality”.} Of these three types, Papuan Malay uses two, namely \isi{collectivity} as in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and (\ref{Example_4.11}), and diversity as in (\ref{Example_4.12}) and (\ref{Example_4.13}). Another type of plurality is \isi{indefiniteness} \citep{Rubino.2013}, which is also found in Papuan Malay, as demonstrated in (\ref{Example_4.16}) and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3} (p. \pageref{Example_4.16}).
A: word: orang~orang	 gloss: RDP~person
B: word: dorang~dorang	 gloss: RDP~3PL
C: word: pulang~pulang	 gloss: RDP~go.home
D: word: temang~temang	 gloss: RDP~friend
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ di sini banyak
Gloss (with missing item): ___ at L.PROX many
The English translation of this sentence is:‘there are a many different kinds of fruit (trees) here’ (Lit. ‘the various fruit (trees) here are many’)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, three types of plurality have been identified which are encoded by \isi{noun} \isi{reduplication} \citep[561]{Wiltshire.1978}: \isi{collectivity}, diversity (or variety), and distributivity.\footnote{\citet[561]{Wiltshire.1978} refer to “\isi{collectivity}” as “simple plurality”.} Of these three types, Papuan Malay uses two, namely \isi{collectivity} as in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and (\ref{Example_4.11}), and diversity as in (\ref{Example_4.12}) and (\ref{Example_4.13}). Another type of plurality is \isi{indefiniteness} \citep{Rubino.2013}, which is also found in Papuan Malay, as demonstrated in (\ref{Example_4.16}) and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3} (p. \pageref{Example_4.16}).
A: word: bua~bua	 gloss: RDP~fruit
B: word: bunga~bunga	 gloss: RDP~flower
C: word: lari~lari	 gloss: RDP~run
D: word: daung~daung	 gloss: RDP~leaf
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baru titip di, ini, ___ dorang
Gloss (with missing item): and.then deposit at D.PROX ___ 3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘leave (the letter) with, what’s-his-name, any one of the uncles and his family’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Cross-linguistically, three types of plurality have been identified which are encoded by \isi{noun} \isi{reduplication} \citep[561]{Wiltshire.1978}: \isi{collectivity}, diversity (or variety), and distributivity.\footnote{\citet[561]{Wiltshire.1978} refer to “\isi{collectivity}” as “simple plurality”.} Of these three types, Papuan Malay uses two, namely \isi{collectivity} as in (\ref{Example_4.10}) and (\ref{Example_4.11}), and diversity as in (\ref{Example_4.12}) and (\ref{Example_4.13}). Another type of plurality is \isi{indefiniteness} \citep{Rubino.2013}, which is also found in Papuan Malay, as demonstrated in (\ref{Example_4.16}) and (\ref{Example_4.17}) in §\ref{Para_4.2.1.3} (p. \pageref{Example_4.16}).
A: word: lompat	 gloss: jump
B: word: om~om	 gloss: RDP~uncle
C: word: tete~tete	 gloss: RDP~grandfather
D: word: kurus~kurus	 gloss: RDP~be.thin
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B