cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ... dansa lemon-nipis itu ___ dansa lemon-nipis
Gloss (with missing item): ... dance citron D.DIST ___ dance citron
The English translation of this sentence is:‘[they make a ceremony, they sing on and on,] (they) dance that citron (group dance), usually (they) dance the citron (group dance)’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_3.65}), \textitbf{-nya} is suffixed to the \isi{verbal base} \textitbf{biasa} ‘be usual’ with adverbially used \textitbf{biasanya} ‘usually’ modifying the \isi{verb} \textitbf{dansa} ‘dance’. More commonly, however, speakers employ the base \textitbf{biasa} ‘be usual’, as in (\ref{Example_3.66}) with adverbially used \textitbf{biasa} ‘be usual’ modifying the \isi{verb} \textitbf{maing} ‘play’.
A: word: ke–biasa–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.usual–NMLZ
B: word: nama	 gloss: name
C: word: biasa–nya	 gloss: be.usual–3POSSR
D: word: keduanya	 gloss: second:3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Herman dorang ___ maing di sini tu
Gloss (with missing item): Herman 3PL ___ play at L.PROX D.DIST
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Herman and the others usually play right here’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_3.65}), \textitbf{-nya} is suffixed to the \isi{verbal base} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be usual’ with adverbially used \textitbf{the morpheme ___nya} ‘usually’ modifying the \isi{verb} \textitbf{dansa} ‘dance’. More commonly, however, speakers employ the base \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be usual’, as in (\ref{Example_3.66}) with adverbially used \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘be usual’ modifying the \isi{verb} \textitbf{maing} ‘play’.
A: word: ana	 gloss: child
B: word: biasa–nya	 gloss: be.usual–3POSSR
C: word: baik	 gloss: be.good
D: word: biasa	 gloss: be.usual
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ de suda tinggalkang de punya orang-tua
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG already leave 3SG POSS parent
The English translation of this sentence is:‘it seems she already left her parents behind’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two lexemes with prepositional bases and the one with an adverbial base have distinct meanings vis-à-vis their bases. These items usually function as sentence adverbs as shown in (\ref{Example_3.67}) and (\ref{Example_3.68}). Again, the adverbial-marking function of \textitbf{-nya} seems to be an extension of its nominalizing and possessive-marking function. For instance, \textitbf{spertinya} ‘it seems’ can be literally translated as ‘its being similar to’. All five affixed lexemes are low frequency words, attested with less than 20 tokens. In addition, the token frequencies for the respective bases are (much) higher for all of the derived words. All five suffixed lexemes were tentatively classified as SI-borrowings; in \tabref{Table_3.20} these items are underlined.
A: word: sperti–nya	 gloss: similar.to–3POSSR
B: word: pikir	 gloss: think
C: word: kaya–nya	 gloss: like–3POSSR
D: word: sperti	 gloss: like
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ munta~munta
Gloss (with missing item): ___ RDP...-vomit
The English translation of this sentence is:‘it looked like (he was going to) vomit’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two lexemes with prepositional bases and the one with an adverbial base have distinct meanings vis-à-vis their bases. These items usually function as sentence adverbs as shown in (\ref{Example_3.67}) and (\ref{Example_3.68}). Again, the adverbial-marking function of \textitbf{-nya} seems to be an extension of its nominalizing and possessive-marking function. For instance, \textitbf{spertinya} ‘it seems’ can be literally translated as ‘its being similar to’. All five affixed lexemes are low frequency words, attested with less than 20 tokens. In addition, the token frequencies for the respective bases are (much) higher for all of the derived words. All five suffixed lexemes were tentatively classified as SI-borrowings; in \tabref{Table_3.20} these items are underlined.
A: word: dulu–ang	 gloss: be.prior–PAT
B: word: kaya–nya	 gloss: like–3POSSR
C: word: sperti–nya	 gloss: similar.to–3POSSR
D: word: ana–nya	 gloss: child–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ de suda tinggalkang de punya orang-tua
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3SG already leave 3SG POSS parent
The English translation of this sentence is:‘it seems she already left her parents behind’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples in (\ref{Example_3.67}) and (\ref{Example_3.68}) illustrate the respective uses of \textitbf{spertinya} ‘it seems’ and \textitbf{kayanya} ‘it looks like’ as sentence adverbs.
A: word: sperti–nya	 gloss: similar.to–3POSSR
B: word: sperti	 gloss: like
C: word: makang	 gloss: eat
D: word: kaya–nya	 gloss: like–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ munta~munta
Gloss (with missing item): ___ RDP...-vomit
The English translation of this sentence is:‘it looked like (he was going to) vomit’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The examples in (\ref{Example_3.67}) and (\ref{Example_3.68}) illustrate the respective uses of \textitbf{spertinya} ‘it seems’ and \textitbf{kayanya} ‘it looks like’ as sentence adverbs.
A: word: bahasa	 gloss: language
B: word: sperti–nya	 gloss: similar.to–3POSSR
C: word: ana–nya	 gloss: child–3POSSR
D: word: kaya–nya	 gloss: like–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 118:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jatu di sana, di sini di ___ ter–kupas
Gloss (with missing item): fall at L.DIST at L.PROX at ___ ACL–peel
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a motorbike accident:] ‘he fell (with his bike) over there, here, right here (his skin) was peeled off’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When suffixed to \isi{demonstrative} or \isi{locative} bases, \textitbf{-nya} functions as an emphasizer. This usage of \textitbf{-nya} is very rare, however; attested are only the two lexemes listed in \tabref{Table_3.21}. Instead, to signal emphasis, Papuan Malay speakers typically employ a modifying \isi{demonstrative} (see §\ref{Para_7.1.2.3}); this is shown with the token frequencies given in the ``\textsc{dem} #'' column, which refer to \isi{modification} with a \isi{demonstrative}. Examples are presented in (\ref{Example_3.69}) and (\ref{Example_3.70}).
A: word: kaya–nya	 gloss: like–3POSSR
B: word: laki~laki	 gloss: RDP~husband
C: word: sperti–nya	 gloss: similar.to–3POSSR
D: word: sini–nya	 gloss: L.PROX–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jatu di sana, di sini di sini–nya ___
Gloss (with missing item): fall at L.DIST at L.PROX at L.PROX–3POSSR ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a motorbike accident:] ‘he fell (with his bike) over there, here, right here (his skin) was peeled off’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When suffixed to \isi{demonstrative} or \isi{locative} bases, \textitbf{-nya} functions as an emphasizer. This usage of \textitbf{-nya} is very rare, however; attested are only the two lexemes listed in \tabref{Table_3.21}. Instead, to signal emphasis, Papuan Malay speakers typically employ a modifying \isi{demonstrative} (see §\ref{Para_7.1.2.3}); this is shown with the token frequencies given in the ``\textsc{dem} #'' column, which refer to \isi{modification} with a \isi{demonstrative}. Examples are presented in (\ref{Example_3.69}) and (\ref{Example_3.70}).
A: word: ter–paksa	 gloss: ACL–force
B: word: ter–kupas	 gloss: ACL–peel
C: word: ta–goyang	 gloss: ACL–shake
D: word: taw	 gloss: know
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a di ___ tu bahaya
Gloss (with missing item): ah at ___ D.DIST be.dangerous
The English translation of this sentence is:‘ah, right here it is dangerous’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When suffixed to \isi{demonstrative} or \isi{locative} bases, \textitbf{-nya} functions as an emphasizer. This usage of \textitbf{-nya} is very rare, however; attested are only the two lexemes listed in \tabref{Table_3.21}. Instead, to signal emphasis, Papuan Malay speakers typically employ a modifying \isi{demonstrative} (see §\ref{Para_7.1.2.3}); this is shown with the token frequencies given in the ``\textsc{dem} #'' column, which refer to \isi{modification} with a \isi{demonstrative}. Examples are presented in (\ref{Example_3.69}) and (\ref{Example_3.70}).
A: word: sini	 gloss: L.PROX
B: word: ta–goyang	 gloss: ACL–shake
C: word: ini	 gloss: D.PROX
D: word: sini–nya	 gloss: L.PROX–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a di sini ___ bahaya
Gloss (with missing item): ah at L.PROX ___ be.dangerous
The English translation of this sentence is:‘ah, right here it is dangerous’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When suffixed to \isi{demonstrative} or \isi{locative} bases, \textitbf{-nya} functions as an emphasizer. This usage of \textitbf{-nya} is very rare, however; attested are only the two lexemes listed in \tabref{Table_3.21}. Instead, to signal emphasis, Papuan Malay speakers typically employ a modifying \isi{demonstrative} (see §\ref{Para_7.1.2.3}); this is shown with the token frequencies given in the ``\textsc{dem} #'' column, which refer to \isi{modification} with a \isi{demonstrative}. Examples are presented in (\ref{Example_3.69}) and (\ref{Example_3.70}).
A: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
B: word: tu	 gloss: D.DIST
C: word: satu	 gloss: one
D: word: angkat	 gloss: lift
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jatu di sana, di sini di ___ ter–kupas
Gloss (with missing item): fall at L.DIST at L.PROX at ___ ACL–peel
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a motorbike accident:] ‘he fell (with his bike) over there, here, right here (his skin) was peeled off’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_3.69}), \textitbf{-nya} is suffixed to the medial \isi{locative} \textitbf{sini} ‘\textsc{l.prox}’, giving the emphatic reading \textitbf{sininya} ‘right here’. In (\ref{Example_3.70}) the same meaning is expressed with an analytical construction in which the distal \isi{demonstrative} modifies the \isi{locative}.
A: word: kaya–nya	 gloss: like–3POSSR
B: word: pake–ang	 gloss: use–PAT
C: word: sini–nya	 gloss: L.PROX–3POSSR
D: word: sperti–nya	 gloss: similar.to–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 123:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jatu di sana, di sini di sini–nya ___
Gloss (with missing item): fall at L.DIST at L.PROX at L.PROX–3POSSR ___
The English translation of this sentence is:[About a motorbike accident:] ‘he fell (with his bike) over there, here, right here (his skin) was peeled off’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_3.69}), \textitbf{-nya} is suffixed to the medial \isi{locative} \textitbf{sini} ‘\textsc{l.prox}’, giving the emphatic reading \textitbf{sininya} ‘right here’. In (\ref{Example_3.70}) the same meaning is expressed with an analytical construction in which the distal \isi{demonstrative} modifies the \isi{locative}.
A: word: ter–paksa	 gloss: ACL–force
B: word: pake–ang	 gloss: use–PAT
C: word: ta–goyang	 gloss: ACL–shake
D: word: ter–kupas	 gloss: ACL–peel
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 124:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a di ___ tu bahaya
Gloss (with missing item): ah at ___ D.DIST be.dangerous
The English translation of this sentence is:‘ah, right here it is dangerous’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_3.69}), \textitbf{-nya} is suffixed to the medial \isi{locative} \textitbf{the morpheme ___} ‘\textsc{l.prox}’, giving the emphatic reading \textitbf{the morpheme ___nya} ‘right here’. In (\ref{Example_3.70}) the same meaning is expressed with an analytical construction in which the distal \isi{demonstrative} modifies the \isi{locative}.
A: word: br–ade-kaka	 gloss: VBLZ–siblings
B: word: ini	 gloss: D.PROX
C: word: sini	 gloss: L.PROX
D: word: sini–nya	 gloss: L.PROX–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 125:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a di sini ___ bahaya
Gloss (with missing item): ah at L.PROX ___ be.dangerous
The English translation of this sentence is:‘ah, right here it is dangerous’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{Example_3.69}), \textitbf{-nya} is suffixed to the medial \isi{locative} \textitbf{sini} ‘\textsc{l.prox}’, giving the emphatic reading \textitbf{sininya} ‘right here’. In (\ref{Example_3.70}) the same meaning is expressed with an analytical construction in which the distal \isi{demonstrative} modifies the \isi{locative}.
A: word: ke–liat–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–see–NMLZ
B: word: tu	 gloss: D.DIST
C: word: sana	 gloss: L.DIST
D: word: satu	 gloss: one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 126:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): jadi itu suda ___ dari dulu
Gloss (with missing item): so D.DIST already ___ from first
The English translation of this sentence is:‘so already that (has become) a habit from the past’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Circumfix \textitbf{ke}\textitbf{-}/\textitbf{-}\textitbf{ang} ‘\textsc{nmlz}’ is typically attached to verbs. The circumfixed lexemes have a nominal reading; usually they denote stable conditions or attributes, as in (\ref{Example_3.71}). Some lexical items also have nominal, \isi{numeral}, or \isi{quantifier} bases. Circumfixation with \textitbf{ke}\textitbf{-}/\textitbf{-}\textitbf{ang} ‘\textsc{nmlz}’, however, is not used as a productive derivation device in Papuan Malay, as discussed below:
A: word: ke–biasa–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.usual–NMLZ
B: word: ke–baik–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.good–NMLZ
C: word: biasa–nya	 gloss: be.usual–3POSSR
D: word: nama–nya	 gloss: name–3POSSR
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 127:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dong masi ingat de pu ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL pray 1PL 3SG POSS ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘they still remember his/her goodness’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The 52 circumfixed nouns typically denote stable conditions or attributes in the sense of ‘state/quality of being \textsc{base}’. Derived words with token frequencies of four or more are listed in \tabref{Table_3.22}. Examples are presented in (\ref{Example_3.72}) and (\ref{Example_3.73}). All but one of the affixed lexemes are low frequency words (51 lexemes, attested with less than 20 tokens). Moreover, the token frequencies for the respective bases are (much) higher for most of the derived words (41 lexemes). Of the 52 circumfixed nouns, more than half (27 items) were tentatively classified as borrowings from \ili{Standard Indonesian} (SI-borrowings) (for details see language internal factor (\ref{List_3.1.f}) in §\ref{Para_3.1.1}, p. \pageref{List_3.1.f}); in \tabref{Table_3.22} these items are underlined.
A: word: ke–biasa–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.usual–NMLZ
B: word: ke–baik–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.good–NMLZ
C: word: baik	 gloss: be.good
D: word: printa~printa	 gloss: RDP~command
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 128:
You are a linguist specializing in Papuan Malay. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): knapa orang bilang, adu, ko pu sifat ___
Gloss (with missing item): why person say oh.no! 2SG POSS characteristic ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘why do people say, ``oh no, your character is good'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The 52 circumfixed nouns typically denote stable conditions or attributes in the sense of ‘state/quality of being \textsc{base}’. Derived words with token frequencies of four or more are listed in \tabref{Table_3.22}. Examples are presented in (\ref{Example_3.72}) and (\ref{Example_3.73}). All but one of the affixed lexemes are low frequency words (51 lexemes, attested with less than 20 tokens). Moreover, the token frequencies for the respective bases are (much) higher for most of the derived words (41 lexemes). Of the 52 circumfixed nouns, more than half (27 items) were tentatively classified as borrowings from \ili{Standard Indonesian} (SI-borrowings) (for details see language internal factor (\ref{List_3.1.f}) in §\ref{Para_3.1.1}, p. \pageref{List_3.1.f}); in \tabref{Table_3.22} these items are underlined.
A: word: biking	 gloss: make
B: word: ke–baik–ang	 gloss: NMLZ–be.good–NMLZ
C: word: baik	 gloss: be.good
D: word: enak	 gloss: be.pleasant
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C