cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 63:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): taníi báaba tu ___ kháai bh-óon
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.GEN father.PL 2SG.NOM ___ eat.INF be.able.to-3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Not even their fathers will be able to eat you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With the modality verb bhá- `be able to', the negative particle almost always precedes the modal as well as the main verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-59})--(\ref{ex:14-60}).
A: word: na	 gloss: NEG
B: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
C: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
D: word: ɡóo-ii	 gloss: where-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 64:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): patráak nikhái ___ bháam
Gloss (with missing item): back get.out.INF ___ be.able.to.1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I won't be able to get back out [of the well].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, there are occasiothe morpheme ___l exceptions, as example (\ref{ex:14-61}) shows, where the negative particle occurs between the modal and the main verb.
A: word: na	 gloss: NEG
B: word: nheé	 gloss: TAG
C: word: ɡal-íi	 gloss: put.in-3SG
D: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 65:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___ ṭinɡ bhíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM ___ challenged become.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I could not stand up against him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With conjunct verbs there is even more variability. Although in most cases the negative particle occurs right before the main verb and after the host element, there are some (incorporating) conjuncts where the negative particle occurs sometimes before the whole conjunct, (\ref{ex:14-62})/(\ref{ex:14-64}), sometimes between the host element and the inflected verb, (\ref{ex:14-63})/(\ref{ex:14-65}). Further research may reveal certain conditions, pragmatic or of some other kind, that must be met for each to occur.
A: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
B: word: thanaáu	 gloss: string
C: word: na	 gloss: NEG
D: word: putr-óom	 gloss: son-PL.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 66:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): karáaṛu asée baát ___ kaṇ th-íi asaám ɡhaš-í ba kh-úu
Gloss (with missing item): leopard 1PL.GEN word ___ HOST do-3SG 1PL.ACC catch-CV TOP eat-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The leopard will not listen to us; instead he will catch us and eat us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With conjunct verbs there is even more variability. Although in most cases the negative particle occurs right before the main verb and after the host element, there are some (incorporating) conjuncts where the negative particle occurs sometimes before the whole conjunct, (\ref{ex:14-62})/(\ref{ex:14-64}), sometimes between the host element and the inflected verb, (\ref{ex:14-63})/(\ref{ex:14-65}). Further research may reveal certain conditions, pragmatic or of some other kind, that must be met for each to occur.
A: word: na	 gloss: NEG
B: word: iṇc̣	 gloss: bear
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: bel	 gloss: spade
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 67:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nis the koó ṭinɡ ___ bh-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.PROX.ACC to anybody challenged ___ become-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nobody could stand up against him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With conjunct verbs there is even more variability. Although in most cases the negative particle occurs right before the main verb and after the host element, there are some (incorporating) conjuncts where the negative particle occurs sometimes before the whole conjunct, (\ref{ex:14-62})/(\ref{ex:14-64}), sometimes between the host element and the inflected verb, (\ref{ex:14-63})/(\ref{ex:14-65}). Further research may reveal certain conditions, pragmatic or of some other kind, that must be met for each to occur.
A: word: ɡóo	 gloss: where
B: word: maǰí-e	 gloss: in-GEN
C: word: na	 gloss: NEG
D: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 68:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): xu eesé waxt-íi peeɣambár hazrát iliaás aleehisalaam-íi beet-í káaṇ ___ th-íi de
Gloss (with missing item): but REM time-GEN prophet lord Elijah peace.be.upon.him-GEN word-PL HOST ___ do-3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`But he did not heed the words of Lord Elijah, PBUH, the prophet of the time.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With conjunct verbs there is even more variability. Although in most cases the negative particle occurs right before the main verb and after the host element, there are some (incorporating) conjuncts where the negative particle occurs sometimes before the whole conjunct, (\ref{ex:14-62})/(\ref{ex:14-64}), sometimes between the host element and the inflected verb, (\ref{ex:14-63})/(\ref{ex:14-65}). Further research may reveal certain conditions, pragmatic or of some other kind, that must be met for each to occur.
A: word: yaá=ba	 gloss: or=TOP
B: word: phedúul-a	 gloss: take.PFV"=MPL
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: na	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 69:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yéei uth-í anɡaá bhe dac̣h-íi ta kuṇaák ___ darák náin-i índa dít-i eeṛáa dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): mother stand.up-CV conscious become.CV look-3SG SUB child ___ appearance NEG.be.PRS-F here give.PFV-F there give.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The mother woke up and could not see the child or any sign of him whereever she turned.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although it was stated at the beginning of this section that the negative particle is invariable, it may nevertheless fuse phonologically with an~adjacent morpheme, such as with the present"=tense form of the copula (\textit{na hínu {\textgreater} náinu} etc., in B náhinu), as in example (\ref{ex:14-66}).
A: word: dees-á	 gloss: day-OBL
B: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
C: word: náin-u	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS"=MSG
D: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 70:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yéei uth-í anɡaá bhe dac̣h-íi ta kuṇaák náin-u darák ___ índa dít-i eeṛáa dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): mother stand.up-CV conscious become.CV look-3SG SUB child NEG.be.PRS"=MSG appearance ___ here give.PFV-F there give.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The mother woke up and could not see the child or any sign of him whereever she turned.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although it was stated at the beginning of this section that the negative particle is invariable, it may nevertheless fuse phonologically with an~adjacent morpheme, such as with the present"=tense form of the copula (\textit{na hínu {\textgreater} náinu} etc., in B náhinu), as in example (\ref{ex:14-66}).
A: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
B: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
C: word: kanáa=bhe	 gloss: like.what=become.CV
D: word: náin-i=ee	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F=Q
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 71:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): taním ___ na laád-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.ERG ___ NEG find.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`They didn't find anything.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Negation is generally not `permeable' \citep[563]{ramat2006}, i.e., a~negative morpheme occurs only once in a~negated clause, as in (\ref{ex:14-67})--(\ref{ex:14-69}).
A: word: šay	 gloss: thing
B: word: ɡa	 gloss: what
C: word: bh-úum	 gloss: become-1SG
D: word: ɡaíl-u	 gloss: throw.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 72:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): taním ɡa ___ laád-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.ERG what ___ find.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`They didn't find anything.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Negation is generally not `permeable' \citep[563]{ramat2006}, i.e., a~negative morpheme occurs only once in a~negated clause, as in (\ref{ex:14-67})--(\ref{ex:14-69}).
A: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
B: word: phedíl-u	 gloss: reach.PFV"=MSG
C: word: ɡáaḍ-u	 gloss: big-MSG
D: word: na	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 73:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): míi yaar-íi [ɡa] xabaár ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.GEN friend-GEN what.kind news ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Is there no news of my friend?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Negation is generally not `permeable' \citep[563]{ramat2006}, i.e., a~negative morpheme occurs only once in a~negated clause, as in (\ref{ex:14-67})--(\ref{ex:14-69}).
A: word: náin-i=ee	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F=Q
B: word: búd-u	 gloss: understand.PFV"=MSG
C: word: dóodii	 gloss: grandfather.GEN
D: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 74:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): taním ___ na laád-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.ERG ___ NEG find.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`They didn't find anything.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The pronoun the morpheme ___ belongs to a~set of indefinite"=interrogative pronouns and is in itself neutral (rather than negative). It could, however, be argued that the combination the morpheme ___ na phonologically is one word, as occurring in (\ref{ex:14-67}) and (\ref{ex:14-68}), and as such constitutes a~negative pronoun. In any case we have only one morpheme with a~clearly negative semantics in sentences like these.
A: word: ɡaíl-u	 gloss: throw.PFV"=MSG
B: word: díiš-a	 gloss: village-OBL
C: word: šay	 gloss: thing
D: word: ɡa	 gloss: what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 75:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): taním ɡa ___ laád-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.ERG what ___ find.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`They didn't find anything.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The pronoun ɡa belongs to a~set of indefinite"=interrogative pronouns and is in itself neutral (rather than negative). It could, however, be argued that the combithe morpheme ___tion ɡa the morpheme ___ phonologically is one word, as occurring in (\ref{ex:14-67}) and (\ref{ex:14-68}), and as such constitutes a~negative pronoun. In any case we have only one morpheme with a~clearly negative semantics in sentences like these.
A: word: ɡóo	 gloss: where
B: word: na	 gloss: NEG
C: word: ɡúum"=ii	 gloss: go.PPTC.MSG"=GEN
D: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 76:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dúu oostaaz-aán hín-a dúi ___ na bh-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): two teacher-PL be.PRS"=MPL other ___ NEG become-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`There are [only] two teachers, nobody/nothing else.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The pronoun the morpheme ___ belongs to a~set of indefinite"=interrogative pronouns and is in itself neutral (rather than negative). It could, however, be argued that the combination the morpheme ___ na phonologically is one word, as occurring in (\ref{ex:14-67}) and (\ref{ex:14-68}), and as such constitutes a~negative pronoun. In any case we have only one morpheme with a~clearly negative semantics in sentences like these.
A: word: ɡa	 gloss: what
B: word: ɡaíl-u	 gloss: throw.PFV"=MSG
C: word: šay	 gloss: thing
D: word: míiš-a	 gloss: man-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 77:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dúu oostaaz-aán hín-a dúi ɡa ___ bh-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): two teacher-PL be.PRS"=MPL other what ___ become-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`There are [only] two teachers, nobody/nothing else.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The pronoun ɡa belongs to a~set of indefinite"=interrogative pronouns and is in itself neutral (rather than negative). It could, however, be argued that the combithe morpheme ___tion ɡa the morpheme ___ phonologically is one word, as occurring in (\ref{ex:14-67}) and (\ref{ex:14-68}), and as such constitutes a~negative pronoun. In any case we have only one morpheme with a~clearly negative semantics in sentences like these.
A: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
B: word: thupíik"=am	 gloss: gun-INS
C: word: na	 gloss: NEG
D: word: whaí	 gloss: come.down.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 78:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kaṭamuš-á ___ khóol-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): Katamosh-OBL ___ eat.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Katamosh ate nothing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possible emergence of a~set of negative pronouns is even more obvious with combinations indefinite"=interrogative pronoun + bi `also' + na, as in examples (\ref{ex:14-70})--(\ref{ex:14-72}). Neither do these ``negative compounds'' occur with an~additionally negated verb; instead the entire predication lies in the scope of this negative pronoun, itself in preverbal position in the clause. Probably the morpheme bi contributes an~added emphasis to the negation, approximately corresponding to `at all, else'.
A: word: khay-í	 gloss: which-F
B: word: ɡá=bi=na	 gloss: what=also=NEG
C: word: ɡóo=bi=na	 gloss: where=also=NEG
D: word: paš-áai	 gloss: see-INF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 79:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu díi ma ___ lhéest-i
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM from 1SG.NOM ___ escape.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nowhere am I safe from you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The possible emergence of a~set of negative pronouns is even more obvious with combinations indefinite"=interrogative pronoun + bi `also' + na, as in examples (\ref{ex:14-70})--(\ref{ex:14-72}). Neither do these ``negative compounds'' occur with an~additionally negated verb; instead the entire predication lies in the scope of this negative pronoun, itself in preverbal position in the clause. Probably the morpheme bi contributes an~added emphasis to the negation, approximately corresponding to `at all, else'.
A: word: ɡá=bi=na	 gloss: what=also=NEG
B: word: ɡhooṣṭ-áam	 gloss: house-PL.OBL
C: word: ɡóo=bi=na	 gloss: where=also=NEG
D: word: b-íia	 gloss: go-1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 80:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [hiǰ ɡa] xabaár ___
Gloss (with missing item): at.all what news ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`There is no news at all.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A marginal case where double negation may be argued to occur is when a~particle hiǰ `at all' (derived from Persian or Pashto where it has a~clearly negative value) is added to the indefinite"=interrogative ɡa in a~negated clause, such as in (\ref{ex:14-73}) and (\ref{ex:14-74}). We may on the other hand say that it is used in a~way very similar to bi, thus primarily adding emphasis to the already negative expression.
A: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
B: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
C: word: díi	 gloss: from
D: word: náin-i=ee	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F=Q
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 81:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [hiǰ ɡa] maalumaát ___ bhíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): at.all what information ___ become.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`She didn't get any information at all.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A margithe morpheme ___l case where double negation may be argued to occur is when a~particle hiǰ `at all' (derived from Persian or Pashto where it has a~clearly negative value) is added to the indefinite"=interrogative ɡa in a~negated clause, such as in (\ref{ex:14-73}) and (\ref{ex:14-74}). We may on the other hand say that it is used in a~way very similar to bi, thus primarily adding emphasis to the already negative expression.
A: word: mheeríl-u	 gloss: kill.PFV"=MSG
B: word: na	 gloss: NEG
C: word: kateeṇ-í	 gloss: what.kind-F
D: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B