cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Where are you from?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As ɡóo only codes location per se, goal and source need to be specified by postpositions and case, ɡóo=the (B ɡúu=the) `to where' (\ref{ex:14-38}) and ɡóoii or ɡóoii thíi (B ɡúue thíi) `from where' (\ref{ex:14-39})--(\ref{ex:14-40}). For questioning the goal an~alternative distinct indefinite"=interrogative adverb, kíi (in B kési) `whither' is often used, as in (\ref{ex:14-41}).
A: word: ɡubáa-ii	 gloss: what-GEN
B: word: ɡóo-ii	 gloss: where-GEN
C: word: šeenbóo-a	 gloss: leg.of.bed-PL
D: word: putr-íi	 gloss: son-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uth-í maníit-u hín-u ki ée lhéṇḍu ___ thíi yhóol-u
Gloss (with missing item): stand.up-CV say.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP o bald.one ___ from come.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Having stood up, he said, ``O bald one, where did you come from?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As ɡóo only codes location per se, goal and source need to be specified by postpositions and case, ɡóo=the (B ɡúu=the) `to where' (\ref{ex:14-38}) and ɡóoii or ɡóoii thíi (B ɡúue thíi) `from where' (\ref{ex:14-39})--(\ref{ex:14-40}). For questioning the goal an~alternative distinct indefinite"=interrogative adverb, kíi (in B kési) `whither' is often used, as in (\ref{ex:14-41}).
A: word: dees-á	 gloss: day-OBL
B: word: šeenbóo-a	 gloss: leg.of.bed-PL
C: word: ɡubáa-ii	 gloss: what-GEN
D: word: ɡóo-ii	 gloss: where-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uth-í maníit-u hín-u ki ée lhéṇḍu ɡóo-ii ___ yhóol-u
Gloss (with missing item): stand.up-CV say.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP o bald.one where-GEN ___ come.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Having stood up, he said, ``O bald one, where did you come from?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As ɡóo only codes location per se, goal and source need to be specified by postpositions and case, ɡóo=the (B ɡúu=the) `to where' (\ref{ex:14-38}) and ɡóoii or ɡóoii the morpheme ___ (B ɡúue the morpheme ___) `its gloss ___ where' (\ref{ex:14-39})--(\ref{ex:14-40}). For questioning the goal an~alternative distinct indefinite"=interrogative adverb, kíi (in B kési) `whither' is often used, as in (\ref{ex:14-41}).
A: word: thíil-i	 gloss: do.PFV-F
B: word: thíi	 gloss: from
C: word: čit"=aníi	 gloss: think-VN
D: word: taayúu	 gloss: from.there
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): íṇc̣-a maníit-u hín-u ki ée lhéṇḍu ___ bi-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): bear-OBL say.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP o bald.one ___ go-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The bear said, ``O bald one, where are you going?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As ɡóo only codes location per se, goal and source need to be specified by postpositions and case, ɡóo=the (B ɡúu=the) `to where' (\ref{ex:14-38}) and ɡóoii or ɡóoii thíi (B ɡúue thíi) `from where' (\ref{ex:14-39})--(\ref{ex:14-40}). For questioning the goal an~alternative distinct indefinite"=interrogative adverb, the morpheme ___ (in B kési) `its gloss ___' is often used, as in (\ref{ex:14-41}).
A: word: óo	 gloss: o
B: word: xalkíim	 gloss: people[M].PL.OBL
C: word: kaṭamúš	 gloss: Katamosh
D: word: kíi	 gloss: whither
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kúṛi ma díi khooǰóol-u ki ___ ru-áan-u thaníit-u ta
Gloss (with missing item): wife 1SG.NOM from ask.PFV"=MSG COMP ___ cry-PRS"=MSG say.PFV"=MSG COMP
The English translation of this sentence is:`My wife asked me, ``Why are you crying?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adverbials corresponding to clauses, rather than to single adverbs or adverbial phrases, can be questioned by e.g., the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___', as in (\ref{ex:14-42}), and kanáa=bhe/=the `how, by what means' (see \sectref{subsec:7-1-4}), (\ref{ex:14-43})--(\ref{ex:14-44}). Note that kanáa=bhe, which consists of kanáa `like what' and the converb of the verbaliser bhe- `become', is used in intransitive clauses, and kanáa=the, which is kanáa and the verbaliser the- `do', is used in transitive clauses.
A: word: keé	 gloss: why
B: word: haál	 gloss: hall
C: word: wáǰa	 gloss: reason
D: word: keéna	 gloss: why.not
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu ateeṇ-ú takṛá íṇc̣-a díi ma ___ uḍhíiw"=um?
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM such-MSG strong bear-OBL from 1SG.NOM ___ flee-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`How can I flee from a~strong bear like you?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adverbials corresponding to clauses, rather than to single adverbs or adverbial phrases, can be questioned by e.g., keé `why', as in (\ref{ex:14-42}), and the morpheme ___/=the `how, by what means' (see \sectref{subsec:7-1-4}), (\ref{ex:14-43})--(\ref{ex:14-44}). Note that the morpheme ___, which consists of kanáa `like what' and the converb of the verbaliser bhe- `become', is used in intransitive clauses, and kanáa=the, which is kanáa and the verbaliser the- `do', is used in transitive clauses.
A: word: ǰhulí	 gloss: on
B: word: kanáa=bhe	 gloss: like.what=become.CV
C: word: kanáa=the	 gloss: like.what=do.CV
D: word: andáa=bhe	 gloss: like.that=become.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thíi báabu tu ___ saat-íi de
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.GEN father 2SG.NOM ___ take.care.of-3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`How did your father care for you?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adverbials corresponding to clauses, rather than to single adverbs or adverbial phrases, can be questioned by e.g., keé `why', as in (\ref{ex:14-42}), and kanáa=bhe/=the `how, by what means' (see \sectref{subsec:7-1-4}), (\ref{ex:14-43})--(\ref{ex:14-44}). Note that kanáa=bhe, which consists of kanáa `like what' and the converb of the verbaliser bhe- `become', is used in intransitive clauses, and the morpheme ___, which is kanáa and the verbaliser the- `do', is used in transitive clauses.
A: word: máa=the	 gloss: 1SG.NOM=to
B: word: kanáa=the	 gloss: like.what=do.CV
C: word: eendáa=the	 gloss: like.this=do.CV
D: word: phedúul-a	 gloss: take.PFV"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dun-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u ki aní ba ___ ǰuánd
Gloss (with missing item): think-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP 3FSG.PROX.NOM COMP ___ life
The English translation of this sentence is:`He started thinking, ``What a life!'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some sentences that essentially are interrogative sentences in form may also be used in an~exclamative function, with or without special interjections utterance"=initially. Some examples are provided in (\ref{ex:14-46})--(\ref{ex:14-49}).
A: word: qísum	 gloss: kind
B: word: čaurats-í	 gloss: cross.beam-OBL
C: word: kateeṇ-í	 gloss: what.kind-F
D: word: kateeṇ-ú	 gloss: what.kind-MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dun-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u ki aní ba kateeṇ-í ___
Gloss (with missing item): think-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP 3FSG.PROX.NOM COMP what.kind-F ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He started thinking, ``What a life!'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some sentences that essentially are interrogative sentences in form may also be used in an~exclamative function, with or without special interjections utterance"=initially. Some examples are provided in (\ref{ex:14-46})--(\ref{ex:14-49}).
A: word: áak	 gloss: one
B: word: marɡ	 gloss: death
C: word: pándee	 gloss: for
D: word: ǰuánd	 gloss: life
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aṛé áaṇc̣-a ___ páak-a hín=ee
Gloss (with missing item): DIST raspberry-PL ___ ripe-MPL be.PRS"=MPL=Q
The English translation of this sentence is:`Haven't these raspberries ripened nicely!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some sentences that essentially are interrogative sentences in form may also be used in an~exclamative function, with or without special interjections utterance"=initially. Some examples are provided in (\ref{ex:14-46})--(\ref{ex:14-49}).
A: word: kráam-a	 gloss: work-OBL
B: word: kateeṇ-á	 gloss: that.kind-MPL
C: word: kateeṇ-í	 gloss: what.kind-F
D: word: kateeṇ-ú	 gloss: what.kind-MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aṛé áaṇc̣-a kateeṇ-á ___ hín=ee
Gloss (with missing item): DIST raspberry-PL that.kind-MPL ___ be.PRS"=MPL=Q
The English translation of this sentence is:`Haven't these raspberries ripened nicely!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Some sentences that essentially are interrogative sentences in form may also be used in an~exclamative function, with or without special interjections utterance"=initially. Some examples are provided in (\ref{ex:14-46})--(\ref{ex:14-49}).
A: word: páak-a	 gloss: ripe-MPL
B: word: ṭhaaṭáak-a	 gloss: monster-OBL
C: word: sanɡí	 gloss: with
D: word: pač-í	 gloss: ripen-CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): amzarái muṛ-u=bhaáu insaán ___ kha-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lion die.PPTC"=MSG"=ADJ human.being ___ eat-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`A lion doesn't eat a~human being that has died.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The pragmatically unmarked position of the negative particle is preverbal, as is evident from (\ref{ex:14-50})--(\ref{ex:14-52}), regardless of the TMA categories reflected in the predicate.
A: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
B: word: wh-áand-u	 gloss: come.down-PRS"=MSG
C: word: dasturá	 gloss: custom
D: word: na	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): be musibat-íi waxt-íi akaadúi ___ uṛiɡal-íia
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.NOM trouble-GEN time-GEN RECP ___ abandon-1PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`We will not abandon one another in times of trouble'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The pragmatically unmarked position of the negative particle is preverbal, as is evident from (\ref{ex:14-50})--(\ref{ex:14-52}), regardless of the TMA categories reflected in the predicate.
A: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
B: word: ǰanǰ	 gloss: wedding.party
C: word: haál	 gloss: hall
D: word: na	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): muṣṭúk-a xálak-a dhii-á díi ___ khooǰ-óon de
Gloss (with missing item): of.past-MPL people-PL daughter-OBL from ___ ask-3PL PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`People in the old days were not asking their daughter [who she wanted to marry].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Also when there is an~auxiliary verb present, as in the periphrastically expressed TMA categories, the negative particle precedes the main verb. This can be seen in examples (\ref{ex:14-53}) and (\ref{ex:14-54}).
A: word: ɡubáa-ii	 gloss: what-GEN
B: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
C: word: khayí	 gloss: which
D: word: na	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): asím tu ___ bulaḍíl-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): 1PL.ERG 2SG.NOM ___ call.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`We have not called you.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Also when there is an~auxiliary verb present, as in the periphrastically expressed TMA categories, the negative particle precedes the main verb. This can be seen in examples (\ref{ex:14-53}) and (\ref{ex:14-54}).
A: word: na	 gloss: NEG
B: word: xudaá-ii	 gloss: God-GEN
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: kansál	 gloss: cancelled
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thupíik"=am ǰeníi-e karáaṛu ___ khaṇiǰíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): gun-INS fire.VN"=GEN leopard ___ be.hit.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The leopard was not hit by the gunfire.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This is also true of passives (\ref{ex:14-55}) and non"=finite verb forms (\ref{ex:14-56}).
A: word: na	 gloss: NEG
B: word: uc̣h-áan-u	 gloss: pick.up-PRS"=MSG
C: word: kanáa=the	 gloss: like.what=do.CV
D: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma tu ___ khaá kaseé the uṛ-éen-i
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM 2SG.NOM ___ eat.CV some.ACC to let.out-PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`If I don't eat you, I will give you [lit: let you out] to someone else.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This is also true of passives (\ref{ex:14-55}) and non"=finite verb forms (\ref{ex:14-56}).
A: word: na	 gloss: NEG
B: word: iṇc̣	 gloss: bear
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): anú míi bharíiw ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.PROX.NOM 1SG.GEN husband ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`This one is not my husband.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate noun phrases without an~overt copula are negated by the negative particle alone, thus occurring clause"=fithe morpheme ___lly, as seen in (\ref{ex:14-57}) and (\ref{ex:14-58}).
A: word: than-í	 gloss: call-CV
B: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
C: word: náin-i=ee	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F=Q
D: word: na	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 61:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): šuy ___
Gloss (with missing item): good ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`That's not good.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate noun phrases without an~overt copula are negated by the negative particle alone, thus occurring clause"=fithe morpheme ___lly, as seen in (\ref{ex:14-57}) and (\ref{ex:14-58}).
A: word: dóodii	 gloss: grandfather.GEN
B: word: šaak-á	 gloss: wood-PL
C: word: na	 gloss: NEG
D: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 62:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dúi ta ɡaṭíl-u áak ḍaaku"=aan-óom"=ii qilaá tíi ___ ɡaṭáa bhóol-u
Gloss (with missing item): other CNTR win.PFV"=MSG IDEF robber-PL"=OBL"=GEN fort 3SG.OBL ___ win.INF be.able.to.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had won everything else, there was a~den of thieves that he could not capture.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: With the modality verb bhá- `be able to', the negative particle almost always precedes the modal as well as the main verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-59})--(\ref{ex:14-60}).
A: word: manɡée	 gloss: pot.OBL
B: word: ɡabarúuṭ-ii	 gloss: Gabaroot-GEN
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: na	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D