cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baastaár ___
Gloss (with missing item): bedding ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Should I spread out the bedding?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Polar interrogatives, or `yes/no' questions, are formed by adding a~sentence final particle ee (B aa) to a~declarative sentence without any subsequent change in the word order. This sentence"=final particle is accompanied by a~slight rising intonation. Examples are shown in (\ref{ex:14-1})--(\ref{ex:14-3}).
A: word: ɡal-úum	 gloss: throw-1SG
B: word: bheš-aníi	 gloss: sit.down-VN
C: word: ɡal-úum=ee	 gloss: throw-1SG=Q
D: word: naaṛéy-a	 gloss: Narey-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu c̣hetrúul-a the ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM Chitral-OBL to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Are you going to Chitral?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Polar interrogatives, or `yes/no' questions, are formed by adding a~sentence final particle ee (B aa) to a~declarative sentence without any subsequent change in the word order. This sentence"=final particle is accompanied by a~slight rising intonation. Examples are shown in (\ref{ex:14-1})--(\ref{ex:14-3}).
A: word: ba-yáan-u=aa	 gloss: go-PRS"=MSG=Q
B: word: ba-yáan-u	 gloss: go-PRS"=MSG
C: word: ɡubáa-ii	 gloss: what-GEN
D: word: bi-áan-u	 gloss: go-PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ux-á díi khooǰóol-u ki tu ___
Gloss (with missing item): camel-OBL from ask.PFV"=MSG COMP 2SG.NOM ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He asked the camel, ``Are you a~man?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The clitical nature of the particle is evident in that it attaches to the sentence"=final word, regardless of its part of speech, and in a~phonological sense becomes part of that word; for instance a~final vowel /a/ coalesces entirely with the particle. As an~SOV language, the sentence normally ends in a~verb, and therefore the particles attach to the verb, but that is not the case in most nominal sentences lacking an~overt copula, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:14-4})--(\ref{ex:14-6}).
A: word: nikhéet-i	 gloss: appear.PFV-F
B: word: insaán	 gloss: human.being
C: word: koó	 gloss: who
D: word: insaán=ee	 gloss: human.being=Q
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): oó méeš ___
Gloss (with missing item): o aunt.VOC ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Are you fine, auntie?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The clitical nature of the particle is evident in that it attaches to the sentence"=final word, regardless of its part of speech, and in a~phonological sense becomes part of that word; for instance a~final vowel /a/ coalesces entirely with the particle. As an~SOV language, the sentence normally ends in a~verb, and therefore the particles attach to the verb, but that is not the case in most nominal sentences lacking an~overt copula, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:14-4})--(\ref{ex:14-6}).
A: word: dhii-á	 gloss: daughter-PL
B: word: séer-i=ee	 gloss: whole-F=Q
C: word: zhaáy	 gloss: place
D: word: náin-i=ee	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F=Q
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ɡúum ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM go.PFV.MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He left, didn't he?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Apart from ordinary polar questions, there are at least two different ways of forming tag questions, one (\ref{ex:14-7}) with a~sentence"=final the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' (see \sectref{subsec:14-2-2}), and another (\ref{ex:14-8}) with nheé (possibly derived from the negation na and the question particle -ee).
A: word: šay	 gloss: thing
B: word: ɡaíl-u	 gloss: throw.PFV"=MSG
C: word: koó	 gloss: who
D: word: ɡa	 gloss: what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): míi tu the maníit-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.GEN 2SG.NOM to say.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I told you, didn't I?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Apart from ordinary polar questions, there are at least two different ways of forming tag questions, one (\ref{ex:14-7}) with a~sentence"=final ɡa `what' (see \sectref{subsec:14-2-2}), and another (\ref{ex:14-8}) with the morpheme ___ (possibly derived from the negation na and the question particle -ee).
A: word: bheénš	 gloss: main.beam
B: word: dasturá	 gloss: custom
C: word: salaám	 gloss: greeting
D: word: nheé	 gloss: TAG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu the phedíl-u ___ na
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM to arrive.PFV"=MSG ___ NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did you receive it or not?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Alternative questions are expressed with the mits gloss ___pheme ___ na `its gloss ___ not', as in (\ref{ex:14-9}), optionally with a~repetition of the verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-10}). This, too, can be used as a~tag question, as in (\ref{ex:14-11}).
A: word: kateeṇ-í	 gloss: what.kind-F
B: word: oór	 gloss: and
C: word: ki	 gloss: or
D: word: kir	 gloss: snow
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu the phedíl-u ki ___
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM to arrive.PFV"=MSG or ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did you receive it or not?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Alterthe morpheme ___tive questions are expressed with ki the morpheme ___ `or not', as in (\ref{ex:14-9}), optiothe morpheme ___lly with a~repetition of the verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-10}). This, too, can be used as a~tag question, as in (\ref{ex:14-11}).
A: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
B: word: na	 gloss: NEG
C: word: man"=ainíi	 gloss: say-VN
D: word: (=meedóon-a	 gloss: [=field-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): hasó tohfá phedíl-u ___ na phedíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): REM.NOM gift arrive.PFV"=MSG ___ NEG arrive.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did this gift arrive or not?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Alternative questions are expressed with the mits gloss ___pheme ___ na `its gloss ___ not', as in (\ref{ex:14-9}), optionally with a~repetition of the verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-10}). This, too, can be used as a~tag question, as in (\ref{ex:14-11}).
A: word: ki	 gloss: or
B: word: kir	 gloss: snow
C: word: oór	 gloss: and
D: word: iṇc̣	 gloss: bear
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): hasó tohfá phedíl-u ki ___ phedíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): REM.NOM gift arrive.PFV"=MSG or ___ arrive.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did this gift arrive or not?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Alterthe morpheme ___tive questions are expressed with ki the morpheme ___ `or not', as in (\ref{ex:14-9}), optiothe morpheme ___lly with a~repetition of the verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-10}). This, too, can be used as a~tag question, as in (\ref{ex:14-11}).
A: word: páak-a	 gloss: ripe-MPL
B: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
C: word: na	 gloss: NEG
D: word: ašáq	 gloss: love
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): hasó tohfá phedíl-u ki na ___
Gloss (with missing item): REM.NOM gift arrive.PFV"=MSG or NEG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Did this gift arrive or not?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Alternative questions are expressed with ki na `or not', as in (\ref{ex:14-9}), optionally with a~repetition of the verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-10}). This, too, can be used as a~tag question, as in (\ref{ex:14-11}).
A: word: phedíl-u	 gloss: arrive.PFV"=MSG
B: word: ǰhaṭíl-u	 gloss: hairy-MSG
C: word: phedíl-a	 gloss: arrive.PFV"=MPL
D: word: séer-i=ee	 gloss: fine-F=Q
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): búd-u ___ na
Gloss (with missing item): understand.PFV"=MSG ___ NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:`You understood, didn't you? [lit: Did you understand or not?]'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Alternative questions are expressed with the mits gloss ___pheme ___ na `its gloss ___ not', as in (\ref{ex:14-9}), optionally with a~repetition of the verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-10}). This, too, can be used as a~tag question, as in (\ref{ex:14-11}).
A: word: oór	 gloss: and
B: word: ki	 gloss: or
C: word: kir	 gloss: snow
D: word: ninaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): búd-u ki ___
Gloss (with missing item): understand.PFV"=MSG or ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`You understood, didn't you? [lit: Did you understand or not?]'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Alterthe morpheme ___tive questions are expressed with ki the morpheme ___ `or not', as in (\ref{ex:14-9}), optiothe morpheme ___lly with a~repetition of the verb, as in (\ref{ex:14-10}). This, too, can be used as a~tag question, as in (\ref{ex:14-11}).
A: word: kanáa=the	 gloss: like.what=do.CV
B: word: na	 gloss: NEG
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: ṣeeka-áaṭ-u	 gloss: lead.out-AG"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___ saat-íin
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM ___ look.after-3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who will look after me?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Questioning core constituents of the clause.} Examples (\ref{ex:14-12})--(\ref{ex:14-14}) illustrate the questioning of the nominative subject (the morpheme ___ `who'), the oblique (i.e., ergative) subject (kií `who') and the accusative direct object (kaseé `whom'), respectively, when referring to human beings.
A: word: mulaakoór	 gloss: Mullahkor
B: word: koó	 gloss: who.NOM
C: word: zhaáy	 gloss: place
D: word: bhunimaá	 gloss: downhill
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thíi ___ mheeríl-u
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.GEN ___ kill.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who did you kill?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Questioning core constituents of the clause.} Examples (\ref{ex:14-12})--(\ref{ex:14-14}) illustrate the questioning of the nominative subject (koó `who'), the oblique (i.e., ergative) subject (kií `who') and the accusative direct object (the morpheme ___ `whom'), respectively, when referring to human beings.
A: word: phedíl-u	 gloss: reach.PFV"=MSG
B: word: ǰanat-íi-e	 gloss: paradise-OBL"=GEN
C: word: kasée	 gloss: whose
D: word: kaseé	 gloss: who.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): amzarée thíi káaṇ-a wée ___ maníit-u
Gloss (with missing item): lion.OBL 2SG.GEN ear-OBL in ___ say.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`What did the lion whisper in your ear?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When questioning non"=human (in particular inanimate) core constituents, the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' is used instead. As can be seen in (\ref{ex:14-15})--(\ref{ex:14-17}), the form stays the same regardless of its syntactic role (although questioned inanimates only seem to appear either as intransitive subjects in copular clauses or as direct objects in verbal clauses).
A: word: šay	 gloss: thing
B: word: ɡubáa	 gloss: what
C: word: bh-úum	 gloss: become-1SG
D: word: ɡubáa-ii	 gloss: what-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thíi ṣiṣ-á ǰhulí ba ___ hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.GEN head-OBL on TOP ___ be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`What have you got on your head?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When questioning non"=human (in particular inanimate) core constituents, the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' is used instead. As can be seen in (\ref{ex:14-15})--(\ref{ex:14-17}), the form stays the same regardless of its syntactic role (although questioned inanimates only seem to appear either as intransitive subjects in copular clauses or as direct objects in verbal clauses).
A: word: ɡubáa	 gloss: what
B: word: ɡóo-ii	 gloss: where-GEN
C: word: ɡubáa-ii	 gloss: what-GEN
D: word: šay	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu aní kitaáb ___ the dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM PROX book ___ to give.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who did you give this book to?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Questioning postpositional constituents of the clause.} For questioning postpositional human constituents, as in (\ref{ex:14-18})--(\ref{ex:14-20}), the accusative form the morpheme ___ (the same as the direct object form) is used.
A: word: kaseé	 gloss: who.ACC
B: word: c̣híitr=ee	 gloss: field=CNJ
C: word: kasée	 gloss: whose
D: word: phoo-íi	 gloss: boy-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu aní kitaáb kaseé ___ dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM PROX book who.ACC ___ give.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who did you give this book to?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Questioning postpositional constituents of the morpheme ___ clause.} For questioning postpositional human constituents, as in (\ref{ex:14-18})--(\ref{ex:14-20}), the morpheme ___ accusative form kaseé (the morpheme ___ same as the morpheme ___ direct object form) is used.
A: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
B: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
C: word: nóo	 gloss: name
D: word: the	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu ___ sanɡí yhóol-u
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM ___ with come.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who did you come together with?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Questioning postpositional constituents of the clause.} For questioning postpositional human constituents, as in (\ref{ex:14-18})--(\ref{ex:14-20}), the accusative form the morpheme ___ (the same as the direct object form) is used.
A: word: kasée	 gloss: whose
B: word: úmur	 gloss: age
C: word: kaseé	 gloss: who.ACC
D: word: haál	 gloss: hall
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tu kaseé ___ yhóol-u
Gloss (with missing item): 2SG.NOM who.ACC ___ come.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who did you come together with?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Questioning postpositional constituents of the clause.} For questioning postpositional human constituents, as in (\ref{ex:14-18})--(\ref{ex:14-20}), the accusative form kaseé (the same as the direct object form) is used.
A: word: kateeṇ-á	 gloss: that.kind-MPL
B: word: sanɡi-eé	 gloss: with-INCL
C: word: sanɡí	 gloss: with
D: word: oór	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C