cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): eetás {\ob}míiš-a ___ ṭhak-íin de kuṛíina ba čooṭ-íin de{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.REM.ACC man-PL ___ shake.down-3PL PST woman.PL TOP pluck-3PL PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`The men were shaking them [the walnuts] down, while the women were collecting them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Conjunction with the ``adversative'' construction \textit{the morpheme ___{\ldots}ba}.} An adversative meaning with a~semantic contrast implied, translathe morpheme ___ble with `but, whereas, while' (but sometimes `and' is better still), is indicated with the use of a~contrast particle the morpheme ___ placed immediately following on the first (and thus topicalised) constituent of the first clause,\footnote{The contrast marker the morpheme ___ is almost exclusively used along with the topic marker ba. In some of the cases where it does occur on its own, it is not entirely clear whether it should instead be understood as an unusual use of the homophonous general subordinator the morpheme ___.} and another particle ba (also with other discourse functions, see \sectref{sec:14-4}) placed immediately after the first (and similarly topicalised) constituent of the next clause with which the first"=mentioned is contrasted. As is apparent from examples (\ref{ex:13-23})--(\ref{ex:13-25}), the coordination itself is, like the use of bi, sentential rather than phrasal.
A: word: kúṛi	 gloss: woman
B: word: ta	 gloss: CNTR
C: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
D: word: yhéend-i	 gloss: come.PRS-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): eetás {\ob}míiš-a ta ṭhak-íin de kuṛíina ___ čooṭ-íin de{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.REM.ACC man-PL CNTR shake.down-3PL PST woman.PL ___ pluck-3PL PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`The men were shaking them [the walnuts] down, while the women were collecting them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Conjunction with the ``adversative'' construction \textit{ta{\ldots}the morpheme ___}.} An adversative meaning with a~semantic contrast implied, translatable with `but, whereas, while' (but sometimes `and' is better still), is indicated with the use of a~contrast particle ta placed immediately following on the first (and thus topicalised) constituent of the first clause,\footnote{The contrast marker ta is almost exclusively used along with the topic marker the morpheme ___. In some of the cases where it does occur on its own, it is not entirely clear whether it should instead be understood as an unusual use of the homophonous general subordinator ta.} and another particle the morpheme ___ (also with other discourse functions, see \sectref{sec:14-4}) placed immediately after the first (and similarly topicalised) constituent of the next clause with which the first"=mentioned is contrasted. As is apparent from examples (\ref{ex:13-23})--(\ref{ex:13-25}), the coordination itself is, like the use of bi, sentential rather than phrasal.
A: word: utrap-íim	 gloss: run-CPRD
B: word: yaába	 gloss: or
C: word: áaṛu	 gloss: knot
D: word: ba	 gloss: TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ___ bač bhíl-u trúu ǰáan-a ba hiimeel-í híṛ-a
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM ___ saved become.PFV"=MSG three person-PL TOP glacier-OBL take.away.PFV"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was saved, but three of them were lost in the avalanche.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Conjunction with the ``adversative'' construction \textit{the morpheme ___{\ldots}ba}.} An adversative meaning with a~semantic contrast implied, translathe morpheme ___ble with `but, whereas, while' (but sometimes `and' is better still), is indicated with the use of a~contrast particle the morpheme ___ placed immediately following on the first (and thus topicalised) constituent of the first clause,\footnote{The contrast marker the morpheme ___ is almost exclusively used along with the topic marker ba. In some of the cases where it does occur on its own, it is not entirely clear whether it should instead be understood as an unusual use of the homophonous general subordinator the morpheme ___.} and another particle ba (also with other discourse functions, see \sectref{sec:14-4}) placed immediately after the first (and similarly topicalised) constituent of the next clause with which the first"=mentioned is contrasted. As is apparent from examples (\ref{ex:13-23})--(\ref{ex:13-25}), the coordination itself is, like the use of bi, sentential rather than phrasal.
A: word: ta	 gloss: CNTR
B: word: kháač-a	 gloss: bad-OBL
C: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
D: word: phoó	 gloss: boy
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ta bač bhíl-u trúu ǰáan-a ___ hiimeel-í híṛ-a
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM CNTR saved become.PFV"=MSG three person-PL ___ glacier-OBL take.away.PFV"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was saved, but three of them were lost in the avalanche.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Conjunction with the ``adversative'' construction \textit{ta{\ldots}the morpheme ___}.} An adversative meaning with a~semantic contrast implied, translatable with `but, whereas, while' (but sometimes `and' is better still), is indicated with the use of a~contrast particle ta placed immediately following on the first (and thus topicalised) constituent of the first clause,\footnote{The contrast marker ta is almost exclusively used along with the topic marker the morpheme ___. In some of the cases where it does occur on its own, it is not entirely clear whether it should instead be understood as an unusual use of the homophonous general subordinator ta.} and another particle the morpheme ___ (also with other discourse functions, see \sectref{sec:14-4}) placed immediately after the first (and similarly topicalised) constituent of the next clause with which the first"=mentioned is contrasted. As is apparent from examples (\ref{ex:13-23})--(\ref{ex:13-25}), the coordination itself is, like the use of bi, sentential rather than phrasal.
A: word: ba	 gloss: TOP
B: word: bhalá-ii	 gloss: spirit-GEN
C: word: heentá	 gloss: CONDL
D: word: yaába	 gloss: or
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): huṇḍ ___ c̣híitr=ee bhun ba ɡhaawaáz de
Gloss (with missing item): above ___ field=CNJ below TOP stream.bed be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`The field was above and the stream down below.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The construction \textit{the morpheme ___{\ldots}ba} is sometimes, as in (\ref{ex:13-26}), used along with the coordinating marker ee.
A: word: máa=ee	 gloss: 1SG.NOM=CNJ
B: word: ta	 gloss: CNTR
C: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
D: word: neé	 gloss: HON
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): huṇḍ ta ___ bhun ba ɡhaawaáz de
Gloss (with missing item): above CNTR ___ below TOP stream.bed be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`The field was above and the stream down below.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The construction \textit{ta{\ldots}ba} is sometimes, as in (\ref{ex:13-26}), used along with the coordinating marker ee.
A: word: c̣híitr=ee	 gloss: field=CNJ
B: word: c̣híitr-a	 gloss: field-OBL
C: word: máa=ee	 gloss: 1SG.NOM=CNJ
D: word: kaakeṛ	 gloss: Kakel
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): huṇḍ ta c̣híitr=ee bhun ___ ɡhaawaáz de
Gloss (with missing item): above CNTR field=CNJ below ___ stream.bed be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`The field was above and the stream down below.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The construction \textit{ta{\ldots}the morpheme ___} is sometimes, as in (\ref{ex:13-26}), used along with the coordinating marker ee.
A: word: khayí	 gloss: which
B: word: yaába	 gloss: or
C: word: man-úum	 gloss: say-1SG
D: word: ba	 gloss: TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se bi čúur páanǰ bhe ma ___ ṭinɡ th-áai bhóon de xu míi se preṣ phed-í ba c̣héeṇi ɡhin-í ǰ-íi de seentá bhíi-um de
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.NOM even four five become.CV 1SG.NOM ___ challenge do-INF be.able.3PL PST but 1SG.GEN DEF mother.in.law arrive-CV TOP stick take-CV hit-3SG PST CONDH be.afraid-1SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Not even these four or five people could hold me, but when my mother"=in"=law came and started hitting me with a~stick, I became afraid.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Presection with \textit{the morpheme ___{\ldots}xu}.} In this construction, exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-28}), the particle xu occurs between the two conjoined parts, and the negation word the morpheme ___ in its regular preverbal position in the first part.
A: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
B: word: har-í	 gloss: take.away-CV
C: word: xéer	 gloss: well
D: word: na	 gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se bi čúur páanǰ bhe ma na ṭinɡ th-áai bhóon de ___ míi se preṣ phed-í ba c̣héeṇi ɡhin-í ǰ-íi de seentá bhíi-um de
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.NOM even four five become.CV 1SG.NOM NEG challenge do-INF be.able.3PL PST ___ 1SG.GEN DEF mother.in.law arrive-CV TOP stick take-CV hit-3SG PST CONDH be.afraid-1SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Not even these four or five people could hold me, but when my mother"=in"=law came and started hitting me with a~stick, I became afraid.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Presection with \textit{na{\ldots}the morpheme ___}.} In this construction, exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-28}), the particle the morpheme ___ occurs between the two conjoined parts, and the negation word na in its regular preverbal position in the first part.
A: word: xu	 gloss: but
B: word: xušaán	 gloss: happy
C: word: th-awóol-a	 gloss: do-CAUS.PFV"=MPL
D: word: thée	 gloss: then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sóon-a ba so phoó koošíš th-áan-u ___ waxt milaáu na bh-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): pasture-OBL TOP DEF.MSG.NOM boy attempt do-PRS"=MSG ___ time meeting NEG become-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`At the high pasture, the boy tried to find the time to meet her, but he couldn't.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Postsection with \textit{the morpheme ___{\ldots}na}.} In this construction, exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-29}), the particle the morpheme ___ occurs between the two conjoined clauses or propositions, and the negation word in its regular preverbal position in the second proposition.
A: word: ɡhaš-í	 gloss: take-CV
B: word: xušaán	 gloss: happy
C: word: xu	 gloss: but
D: word: ɣeirat"=xaán	 gloss: Ghairat.Khan
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sóon-a ba so phoó koošíš th-áan-u xu waxt milaáu ___ bh-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): pasture-OBL TOP DEF.MSG.NOM boy attempt do-PRS"=MSG but time meeting ___ become-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`At the high pasture, the boy tried to find the time to meet her, but he couldn't.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Postsection with \textit{xu{\ldots}the morpheme ___}.} In this construction, exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-29}), the particle xu occurs between the two conjoined clauses or propositions, and the negation word in its regular preverbal position in the second proposition.
A: word: uth-í	 gloss: stand.up-CV
B: word: na	 gloss: NEG
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: tuúš	 gloss: some
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nam-í ta yhéel-i heentá ṣiṣ ḍhak-áan-u raál ba yhéel-i heentá phed-áan-a ___
Gloss (with missing item): lower-CV CNTR come.PFV-F CONDL head touch-PRS"=MSG high TOP come.PFV-F CONDL reach-PRS"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`If it is put too low people will hit their head, but if it is put too high nobody will reach up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Postsection with fithe morpheme ___l the morpheme ___.} Postsection can also be expressed with a~sentence"=fithe morpheme ___l negative particle the morpheme ___, as in (\ref{ex:13-30}) and (\ref{ex:13-31}), without the aid of xu.
A: word: deníi	 gloss: give.VN
B: word: na	 gloss: NEG
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: rhoó	 gloss: song
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se bi čúur páanǰ bhe ma ___ ṭinɡ th-áai bhóon de xu míi se preṣ phed-í ba c̣héeṇi ɡhin-í ǰ-íi de seentá bhíi-um de
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.NOM even four five become.CV 1SG.NOM ___ challenge do-INF be.able.3PL PST but 1SG.GEN DEF mother.in.law arrive-CV TOP stick take-CV hit-3SG PST CONDH be.afraid-1SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Not even these four or five people could hold me, but when my mother"=in"=law came and started hitting me with a~stick, I became afraid.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Juxtaposition.} The least emphasised kind of disjunction is by mere juxtaposition, normally of two numerals (as in the juxtaposition of `four' and `five' in (\ref{ex:13-28}) above) or of two noun phrases with numeral attributes, as in (\ref{ex:13-32}), expressing an~approximate figure rather than constituting an~alterthe morpheme ___tive in an~absolute sense.
A: word: na	 gloss: NEG
B: word: andáa=bhe	 gloss: like.that=become.CV
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: dhii-á	 gloss: daughter-PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se bi čúur páanǰ bhe ma na ṭinɡ th-áai bhóon de ___ míi se preṣ phed-í ba c̣héeṇi ɡhin-í ǰ-íi de seentá bhíi-um de
Gloss (with missing item): 3PL.NOM even four five become.CV 1SG.NOM NEG challenge do-INF be.able.3PL PST ___ 1SG.GEN DEF mother.in.law arrive-CV TOP stick take-CV hit-3SG PST CONDH be.afraid-1SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Not even these four or five people could hold me, but when my mother"=in"=law came and started hitting me with a~stick, I became afraid.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Juxtaposition.} The least emphasised kind of disjunction is by mere juxtaposition, normally of two numerals (as in the juxtaposition of `four' and `five' in (\ref{ex:13-28}) above) or of two noun phrases with numeral attriits gloss ___es, as in (\ref{ex:13-32}), expressing an~approximate figure rather than constituting an~alternative in an~absolute sense.
A: word: kúuk-a	 gloss: crow-PL
B: word: xu	 gloss: but
C: word: xušaán	 gloss: happy
D: word: ac̣húuṛi-m	 gloss: walnut.tree-PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): eesé phaíi {\ob}bhróo ___ máamu{\cb} koó eesé ṭeem-íi haazír na heensíl-u heentá, tasíi mux-íi nikh"=eeṇḍeéu bh-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): REM girl.GEN brother ___ uncle who REM time"=gen present NEG stay.PFV"=MSG CONDL 3SG.GEN face-GEN come.out-OBLG become-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`If the girl's brother or her uncle wasn't present at that time, he has to be greeted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Phrasal disjunction with the mits gloss ___pheme ___.} A slightly mits gloss ___e emphasised disjunction uses the mits gloss ___pheme ___ between the phrases, as seen in (\ref{ex:13-33}).
A: word: yaá	 gloss: or
B: word: oór	 gloss: and
C: word: mehmaan-aán	 gloss: guest-PL
D: word: yaába	 gloss: or
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): típa lo šay phed-í asaám {\ob}yaá=ba kh-óo ___ na kh-óo{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): now DIST.NOM.MSG thing arrive-CV 1PL.ACC or=TOP eat-3SG ___ NEG eat-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now this thing may or may not come and eat us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Sentential disjunction with the morpheme ___{\ldots}the morpheme ___.} Although there are few examples, it seems a~construction with a~repeated yaá combined with the particle ba (probably forming one phonological word), as in (\ref{ex:13-34}), is preferred for sentential disjunction, possibly with an~added emphasis on the mutual exclusivity of the alternatives thus presented.
A: word: trók-u	 gloss: weak-MSG
B: word: yaába	 gloss: or
C: word: yaá=ba	 gloss: or=TOP
D: word: phúṭi	 gloss: top
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C