cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡírii dhiaáṛ {\ob}raál ___ nam-éen-i{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): big.stone.GEN heap high ___ get.down-PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The heap of rocks is rising and sinking.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Infrequently the use of this conjunction is extended to the conjoining of two constituents of other kinds, such as two verb phrases that are intimately linked and expressing something symmetrical or simultaneous, as in (\ref{ex:13-4}) and (\ref{ex:13-5}) (compare with \sectref{subsec:13-4-1} and simultaneity expressed with a~Verbal Noun followed by what is possibly the same marker ee). This should, however, not be seen as a~matter of sentential coordination in a~strict sense, as the verb phrases have a~subject in common.
A: word: bh-éen-i	 gloss: become-PRS-F
B: word: kaṇ	 gloss: HOST
C: word: bhešóol-u	 gloss: sit.down.CAUS.PFV"=MSG
D: word: bh-éen-i=ee	 gloss: become-PRS-F=CNJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): táa ɡíia ta ɡíri ǰhulí xaamaár {\ob}dhreéɡ de ___ níindra-m maǰí hín-u{\cb} aaraám ki
Gloss (with missing item): there go.PFV.PL SUB big.stone on dragon stretched.out give.CV ___ sleep-OBL in be.PRS"=MSG resting as
The English translation of this sentence is:`When they got there, a~dragon was lying on top of a big stone. It was asleep, resting.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Infrequently the use of this conjunction is extended to the conjoining of two constituents of other kinds, such as two verb phrases that are intimately linked and expressing something symmetrical or simultaneous, as in (\ref{ex:13-4}) and (\ref{ex:13-5}) (compare with \sectref{subsec:13-4-1} and simultaneity expressed with a~Verbal Noun followed by what is possibly the same marker ee). This should, however, not be seen as a~matter of sentential coordination in a~strict sense, as the verb phrases have a~subject in common.
A: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
B: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
C: word: saat-áan-u=ee	 gloss: keep-PRS"=MSG=Q
D: word: wíi	 gloss: water
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se míiš-a dúi dees-á {\ob}baačaá wazíir ___ dúi xálak-a{\cb} samaṭ-í ilaán thíil-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF man-OBL other day-OBL king minister ___ other people-PL gather-CV announcement do.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Next day the man called the king, the prime minister and other people together and made an~announcement.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a~cthe morpheme ___njunctithe morpheme ___n between nthe morpheme ___un phrases, it is mainly fthe morpheme ___und where mthe morpheme ___re than twthe morpheme ___ nthe morpheme ___un phrases are cthe morpheme ___njthe morpheme ___ined, as in (\ref{ex:13-12}) its gloss ___ (\ref{ex:13-13}), its gloss ___ then the pthe morpheme ___sitithe morpheme ___n is always its gloss ___ the morpheme ___nly between the last twthe morpheme ___ phrases.
A: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
B: word: thée	 gloss: then
C: word: xox	 gloss: liking
D: word: o	 gloss: and
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mheeríl-ii pahúrta {\ob}tasíi híṛu tasíi ǰhanɡaár ___ tasíi aandáara{\cb} ɡaḍ-í khóol-a
Gloss (with missing item): die.PPTC"=GEN after 3SG.GEN heart 3SG.GEN liver ___ 3SG.GEN intestines take.out-CV eat.PFV"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`After he had killed her, he took out her heart, her liver, and her intestines, and ate them up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As a~conjunction between noun phrases, it is mainly found where more than two noun phrases are conjoined, as in (\ref{ex:13-12}) its gloss ___ (\ref{ex:13-13}), its gloss ___ then the position is always its gloss ___ only between the last two phrases.
A: word: oór	 gloss: and
B: word: ǰuánd	 gloss: life
C: word: thée	 gloss: then
D: word: zoór	 gloss: power
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): oothóon-a the nhiáaṛa phed-í ba {\ob}biṣamíl-u hín-u ___ dun-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u{\cb} ki...
Gloss (with missing item): settlement-OBL to near arrive-CV TOP rest.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG ___ think-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Having reached the vicinity of the settlement, he rested and [then] started to think...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A cthe morpheme ___njunctithe morpheme ___n wthe morpheme ___rd is alsthe morpheme ___ used sthe morpheme ___metimes tthe morpheme ___ cthe morpheme ___njthe morpheme ___in clthe morpheme ___sely interrelated verb phrases the morpheme ___r same"=subject clauses, as the the morpheme ___nes exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-14}) its gloss ___ (\ref{ex:13-15}). Often, the secthe morpheme ___nd prthe morpheme ___pthe morpheme ___sitithe morpheme ___n the morpheme ___r phrase prthe morpheme ___vides additithe morpheme ___nal infthe morpheme ___rmatithe morpheme ___n abthe morpheme ___ut the actithe morpheme ___n the morpheme ___r event mentithe morpheme ___ned in the first. The twthe morpheme ___ are sthe morpheme ___metimes but nthe morpheme ___t necessarily cthe morpheme ___"=tempthe morpheme ___ral.
A: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
B: word: o	 gloss: and
C: word: kráam-a	 gloss: work-OBL
D: word: thée	 gloss: then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uth-í ba {\ob}ɣusulxaaná the ba-yáan-u ___ ɣusúl ɡhin-áan-u{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): stand.up-CV TOP bathroom to go.PRS"=MSG ___ bath take-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After getting up, I go to the bathroom, and [then] I take a~bath.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A conjunction word is also used sometimes to conjoin closely interrelated verb phrases or same"=subject clauses, as the ones exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-14}) its gloss ___ (\ref{ex:13-15}). Often, the second proposition or phrase provides additional information about the action or event mentioned in the first. The two are sometimes but not necessarily co"=temporal.
A: word: thée	 gloss: then
B: word: oór	 gloss: and
C: word: zoór	 gloss: power
D: word: óo	 gloss: o
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nhiáaṛee ba {\ob}áaṇc̣-ii áak muṭ heensíl-u hín-u ___ áaṇc̣-a ba pač-í šiiy-í bi-áaṭ-a bhíl-a hín-a{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): near TOP raspberry-GEN IDEF tree dwell.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG ___ raspberry-PL TOP ripen-CV fall-CV go-AG"=MPL become.PFV"=MPL be.PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nearby a~raspberry bush grew and its berries had become ripe.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Rather infrequently a~cthe morpheme ___njunctithe morpheme ___n is alsthe morpheme ___ used tthe morpheme ___ link twthe morpheme ___ different"=subject clauses, such as the the morpheme ___nes in (\ref{ex:13-16}).
A: word: o	 gloss: and
B: word: thée	 gloss: then
C: word: kateeṇ-í	 gloss: what.kind-F
D: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so bíiḍ-u {\ob}uxiaár ___ hileéṛ{\cb} de maní
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM very-MSG wise ___ brave be.PST HSAY
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was very wise and brave.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There are alsthe morpheme ___ examples the morpheme ___f predicate adjective phrases being thus cthe morpheme ___njthe morpheme ___ined. An example can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-17}).
A: word: o	 gloss: and
B: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
C: word: taalím	 gloss: education
D: word: thée	 gloss: then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma {\ob}tarkaáṇ ___ misrí bi{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM carpenter ___ mason also
The English translation of this sentence is:`I'm a~carpenter as well as a~mason.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Conjunction with the ``separating'' particle the morpheme ___.} An added emphasis on the separateness of two or more conjoined units is given by means of a~particle the morpheme ___ (approximately `too, its gloss ___'), as in examples (\ref{ex:13-18})--(\ref{ex:13-20}). It is primarily added immediately after the constituents in focus, which in most cases are noun phrases, whereas the coordination itself is sentential rather than phrasal (which is not obvious with copular clauses lacking an~overt copula, as in (\ref{ex:13-18})). The particle used this way is added after each of the conjoined constituents, rendering it `X as well as Y' or `both X and Y'. The use of the morpheme ___syndesis for emphatic coordination is known from a number of other languages \citep[15--17]{haspelmath2007}.
A: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
B: word: mooqá	 gloss: opportunity
C: word: ɡubáa	 gloss: what
D: word: bi	 gloss: also
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pha-íi báabu ǰhaamatreé díi {\ob}xarčá ___ dawa-áan-u ǰandeé bi khéli dawa-áan-u{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): girl-GEN father son.in.law.OBL from expenses ___ ask.for-PRS"=MSG goat.PL also numerous ask.for-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The girl's father demands expenses [to be paid] as well as numerous goats.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Conjunction with the ``separating'' particle the morpheme ___.} An added emphasis on the separateness of two or more conjoined units is given by means of a~particle the morpheme ___ (approximately `too, its gloss ___'), as in examples (\ref{ex:13-18})--(\ref{ex:13-20}). It is primarily added immediately after the constituents in focus, which in most cases are noun phrases, whereas the coordination itself is sentential rather than phrasal (which is not obvious with copular clauses lacking an~overt copula, as in (\ref{ex:13-18})). The particle used this way is added after each of the conjoined constituents, rendering it `X as well as Y' or `both X and Y'. The use of the morpheme ___syndesis for emphatic coordination is known from a number of other languages \citep[15--17]{haspelmath2007}.
A: word: dúu	 gloss: two
B: word: bi	 gloss: also
C: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
D: word: uṛí	 gloss: let.IMP.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pha-íi báabu ǰhaamatreé díi {\ob}xarčá bi dawa-áan-u ǰandeé ___ khéli dawa-áan-u{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): girl-GEN father son.in.law.OBL from expenses also ask.for-PRS"=MSG goat.PL ___ numerous ask.for-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The girl's father demands expenses [to be paid] as well as numerous goats.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Conjunction with the ``separating'' particle the morpheme ___.} An added emphasis on the separateness of two or more conjoined units is given by means of a~particle the morpheme ___ (approximately `too, its gloss ___'), as in examples (\ref{ex:13-18})--(\ref{ex:13-20}). It is primarily added immediately after the constituents in focus, which in most cases are noun phrases, whereas the coordination itself is sentential rather than phrasal (which is not obvious with copular clauses lacking an~overt copula, as in (\ref{ex:13-18})). The particle used this way is added after each of the conjoined constituents, rendering it `X as well as Y' or `both X and Y'. The use of the morpheme ___syndesis for emphatic coordination is known from a number of other languages \citep[15--17]{haspelmath2007}.
A: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
B: word: bi	 gloss: also
C: word: ṭék-a	 gloss: peak-OBL
D: word: maǰí	 gloss: on
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma {\ob}tarkaáṇ ___ misrí bi{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM carpenter ___ mason also
The English translation of this sentence is:`I'm a~carpenter as well as a~mason.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Conjunction with the ``separating'' particle the morpheme ___.} An added emphasis on the separateness of two or more conjoined units is given by means of a~particle the morpheme ___ (approximately `too, its gloss ___'), as in examples (\ref{ex:13-18})--(\ref{ex:13-20}). It is primarily added immediately after the constituents in focus, which in most cases are noun phrases, whereas the coordination itself is sentential rather than phrasal (which is not obvious with copular clauses lacking an~overt copula, as in (\ref{ex:13-18})). The particle used this way is added after each of the conjoined constituents, rendering it `X as well as Y' or `both X and Y'. The use of the morpheme ___syndesis for emphatic coordination is known from a number of other languages \citep[15--17]{haspelmath2007}.
A: word: bi	 gloss: also
B: word: tas	 gloss: 3SG.ACC
C: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
D: word: qurbaán	 gloss: sacrifice
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aṛé {\ob}šišáki ___ man-áan=ee ruikúṛi bi man-áan-a{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): 3FSG.DIST.NOM ``shishaki'' ___ say-PRS"=MPL=CNJ ``ruikuli'' also say-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`We call her a ``shishaki'' or a ``ruikuli''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The particle the morpheme ___ is sometimes its gloss ___ used in comthe morpheme ___nation with coordinating ee, as in (\ref{ex:13-21}), or the conjunction o, as in (\ref{ex:13-22}).
A: word: bi	 gloss: also
B: word: búd-u	 gloss: understand.PFV"=MSG
C: word: c̣híitr-a	 gloss: field-OBL
D: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aṛé {\ob}šišáki bi ___ ruikúṛi bi man-áan-a{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): 3FSG.DIST.NOM ``shishaki'' also ___ ``ruikuli'' also say-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`We call her a ``shishaki'' or a ``ruikuli''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The particle bi is sometimes also used in combination with coordinating ee, as in (\ref{ex:13-21}), or the conjunction o, as in (\ref{ex:13-22}).
A: word: man-áan=ee	 gloss: say-PRS"=MPL=CNJ
B: word: man-áan-a	 gloss: say-PRS"=MPL
C: word: th-éen	 gloss: do-3PL
D: word: šay	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aṛé {\ob}šišáki bi man-áan=ee ruikúṛi ___ man-áan-a{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): 3FSG.DIST.NOM ``shishaki'' also say-PRS"=MPL=CNJ ``ruikuli'' ___ say-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`We call her a ``shishaki'' or a ``ruikuli''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The particle the morpheme ___ is sometimes its gloss ___ used in comthe morpheme ___nation with coordinating ee, as in (\ref{ex:13-21}), or the conjunction o, as in (\ref{ex:13-22}).
A: word: bi	 gloss: also
B: word: uṭik-í	 gloss: jump-CV
C: word: ɡhrast-íi	 gloss: wolf-GEN
D: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dhrúuk-a be dac̣h-íin ta {\ob}manɡái čhoor-í hín-i ___ áak rumiaál bi čhoor-í hín-i{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): stream-OBL go.CV look-3PL SUB water.pot put-CV be.PRS-F ___ IDEF handkerchief also put-CV be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Going to the stream, they saw the water pot and a~handkerchief lying there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The particle bi is sthe morpheme ___metimes alsthe morpheme ___ used in cthe morpheme ___mbinatithe morpheme ___n with cthe morpheme ___the morpheme ___rdinating ee, as in (\ref{ex:13-21}), the morpheme ___r the cthe morpheme ___njunctithe morpheme ___n the morpheme ___, as in (\ref{ex:13-22}).
A: word: amzarái	 gloss: lion
B: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
C: word: o	 gloss: and
D: word: thée	 gloss: then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dhrúuk-a be dac̣h-íin ta {\ob}manɡái čhoor-í hín-i o áak rumiaál ___ čhoor-í hín-i{\cb}
Gloss (with missing item): stream-OBL go.CV look-3PL SUB water.pot put-CV be.PRS-F and IDEF handkerchief ___ put-CV be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Going to the stream, they saw the water pot and a~handkerchief lying there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The particle the morpheme ___ is sometimes its gloss ___ used in comthe morpheme ___nation with coordinating ee, as in (\ref{ex:13-21}), or the conjunction o, as in (\ref{ex:13-22}).
A: word: bi	 gloss: also
B: word: ɡíia	 gloss: go.PFV.PL
C: word: nis	 gloss: 3SG.ACC
D: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A