cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 526:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): káakeṛ dhay-íi ta dúu peereṇíi-a hasé ___ pičha-aníi the yéel-im
Gloss (with missing item): Kakel note-3SG SUB two fairy-PL REM ___ sweep-VN to come.PFV"=FPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kakel noted that two fairies came to the graves to sweep them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Immediate perception predicates.} With at least two verbs coding directly perceived events, dac̣h- `look, see' (in (\ref{ex:13-147})--(\ref{ex:13-148})) and dhay- `watch, note' (the latter only in B, (\ref{ex:13-149})), another construction is regularly used (strategy~(iv)), in which the finite complement"=taking predicate occurs with a~particle ta, followed by a~finite complement clause, i.e., the same construction used in the chaining of different"=subject clauses (see \sectref{sec:13-4}).
A: word: ziaarat-íim	 gloss: shrine-PL.OBL
B: word: ziaarat-í	 gloss: shrine-PL
C: word: baád	 gloss: after
D: word: iṇc̣	 gloss: bear
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 527:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): káakeṛ dhay-íi ta dúu peereṇíi-a hasé ziaarat-í ___ the yéel-im
Gloss (with missing item): Kakel note-3SG SUB two fairy-PL REM shrine-PL ___ to come.PFV"=FPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kakel noted that two fairies came to the graves to sweep them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Immediate perception predicates.} With at least two verbs coding directly perceived events, dac̣h- `look, see' (in (\ref{ex:13-147})--(\ref{ex:13-148})) and dhay- `watch, note' (the latter only in B, (\ref{ex:13-149})), another construction is regularly used (strategy~(iv)), in which the finite complement"=taking predicate occurs with a~particle ta, followed by a~finite complement clause, i.e., the same construction used in the chaining of different"=subject clauses (see \sectref{sec:13-4}).
A: word: táma	 gloss: waiting
B: word: bheš-aníi	 gloss: sit.down-VN
C: word: pičha-aníi	 gloss: sweep-VN
D: word: phus"=ainií	 gloss: rid-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 528:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): káakeṛ dhay-íi ta dúu peereṇíi-a hasé ziaarat-í pičha-aníi ___ yéel-im
Gloss (with missing item): Kakel note-3SG SUB two fairy-PL REM shrine-PL sweep-VN ___ come.PFV"=FPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kakel noted that two fairies came to the graves to sweep them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Immediate perception predicates.} With at least two verbs coding directly perceived events, dac̣h- `look, see' (in (\ref{ex:13-147})--(\ref{ex:13-148})) and dhay- `watch, note' (the morpheme ___ latter only in B, (\ref{ex:13-149})), anothe morpheme ___r construction is regularly used (strategy~(iv)), in which the morpheme ___ finite complement"=taking predicate occurs with a~particle ta, followed by a~finite complement clause, i.e., the morpheme ___ same construction used in the morpheme ___ chaining of different"=subject clauses (see \sectref{sec:13-4}).
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
C: word: panaahí	 gloss: shelter
D: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 529:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): káakeṛ dhay-íi ta dúu peereṇíi-a hasé ziaarat-í pičha-aníi the ___
Gloss (with missing item): Kakel note-3SG SUB two fairy-PL REM shrine-PL sweep-VN to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kakel noted that two fairies came to the graves to sweep them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Immediate perception predicates.} With at least two verbs coding directly perceived events, dac̣h- `look, see' (in (\ref{ex:13-147})--(\ref{ex:13-148})) and dhay- `watch, note' (the latter only in B, (\ref{ex:13-149})), another construction is regularly used (strategy~(iv)), in which the finite complement"=taking predicate occurs with a~particle ta, followed by a~finite complement clause, i.e., the same construction used in the chaining of different"=subject clauses (see \sectref{sec:13-4}).
A: word: čooṇṭéel-im	 gloss: write.PFV"=FPL
B: word: whaal-éen	 gloss: bring.down.3PL
C: word: yéel-im	 gloss: come.PFV"=FPL
D: word: whéet"=im	 gloss: come.down.PFV"=FPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 530:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so šay ɡaḍ-í dac̣h-íi ta ___ dit-i=whaáu rumiaál hín-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM thing take.off-CV look-3SG SUB ___ give.PPTC-F=ADJ handkerchief be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking up the thing and looking at it, she saw that it was the handkerchief she had given.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It should be especially noted that while all the complements with PCU"=predicates exemplified in the previous sections represent direct discourse, the perceived event presented with this particular construction is indirect. Had it been presented as from the view of the experiencer in the matrix clause, the pronoun used in (\ref{ex:13-150}) would have been míi `my' and not the morpheme ___ `her'.
A: word: tasíi	 gloss: 3SG.GEN
B: word: eetasíi	 gloss: 3SG.GEN
C: word: lesée	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.GEN
D: word: teeṇíi	 gloss: REFL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 531:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so šay ɡaḍ-í dac̣h-íi ta tasíi ___ rumiaál hín-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM thing take.off-CV look-3SG SUB 3SG.GEN ___ handkerchief be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking up the thing and looking at it, she saw that it was the handkerchief she had given.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It should be especially noted that while all the complements with PCU"=predicates exemplified in the previous sections represent direct discourse, the perceived event presented with this particular construction is indirect. Had it been presented as from the view of the experiencer in the matrix clause, the pronoun used in (\ref{ex:13-150}) would have been míi `my' and not tasíi `her'.
A: word: dit-i=whaáu	 gloss: give.PPTC-F=ADJ
B: word: ɡhiin-u=bhaáu	 gloss: take.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ
C: word: ṣaawóol"=ii	 gloss: put.on.PPTC.MSG"=GEN
D: word: d-íi	 gloss: give-3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 532:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so šay ɡaḍ-í dac̣h-íi ta tasíi dit-i=whaáu ___ hín-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM thing take.off-CV look-3SG SUB 3SG.GEN give.PPTC-F=ADJ ___ be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking up the thing and looking at it, she saw that it was the handkerchief she had given.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It should be especially noted that while all the complements with PCU"=predicates exemplified in the previous sections represent direct discourse, the perceived event presented with this particular construction is indirect. Had it been presented as from the view of the experiencer in the matrix clause, the pronoun used in (\ref{ex:13-150}) would have been míi `my' and not tasíi `her'.
A: word: xiaál	 gloss: opinion
B: word: muqarár	 gloss: fixing
C: word: rumiaál	 gloss: handkerchief
D: word: rumeel-í	 gloss: handkerchief-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 533:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so šay ɡaḍ-í dac̣h-íi ta tasíi dit-i=whaáu rumiaál ___
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM thing take.off-CV look-3SG SUB 3SG.GEN give.PPTC-F=ADJ handkerchief ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking up the thing and looking at it, she saw that it was the handkerchief she had given.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It should be especially noted that while all the complements with PCU"=predicates exemplified in the previous sections represent direct discourse, the perceived event presented with this particular construction is indirect. Had it been presented as from the view of the experiencer in the matrix clause, the pronoun used in (\ref{ex:13-150}) would have been míi `my' and not tasíi `her'.
A: word: phreyíl-u	 gloss: send.PFV"=MSG
B: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
C: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
D: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 534:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): típa ___ haár d-ainií asíi mooqá hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): now ___ defeat give-VN 1PL.GEN opportunity be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now we can defeat him [lit: Now is our opportunity to defeat him].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Necessity or ablility can also be expressed with complement clauses of complement"=taking nouns. In those cases, the Verbal Noun strategy (v) is used. This is exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-156})--(\ref{ex:13-159}).
A: word: las	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.ACC
B: word: tas	 gloss: 3SG.ACC
C: word: lasíi	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.GEN
D: word: ač-aníi	 gloss: enter-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 535:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): típa las ___ d-ainií asíi mooqá hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): now 3SG.DIST.ACC ___ give-VN 1PL.GEN opportunity be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now we can defeat him [lit: Now is our opportunity to defeat him].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Necessity or ablility can also be expressed with complement clauses of complement"=taking nouns. In those cases, the Verbal Noun strategy (v) is used. This is exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-156})--(\ref{ex:13-159}).
A: word: bh-éen-i=ee	 gloss: become-PRS-F=CNJ
B: word: aḍaphaár	 gloss: halfways
C: word: haár	 gloss: defeat
D: word: nakaám	 gloss: failed
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 536:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): típa las haár ___ asíi mooqá hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): now 3SG.DIST.ACC defeat ___ 1PL.GEN opportunity be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now we can defeat him [lit: Now is our opportunity to defeat him].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Necessity or ablility can also be expressed with complement clauses of complement"=taking nouns. In those cases, the Verbal Noun strategy (v) is used. This is exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-156})--(\ref{ex:13-159}).
A: word: deníi	 gloss: give.VN
B: word: kaakaá	 gloss: uncle
C: word: d-ainií	 gloss: give-VN
D: word: sam-ainií	 gloss: build-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 537:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tíi ___ yh-ainií koošíš thíil-i
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBL ___ come-VN attempt do.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`He tried to come yesterday.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Achievement predicates.} Although it is sometimes difficult to draw a~definite line between modal predicates of the ability type presented above and achievement predicates, the main difference in the typical cases lies in implicativity. While the modals above are non"=implicative, achievement predicates are implicative, i.e., signalling successful vs. failed performance/realisation. In any case, the Verbal Noun strategy seems to be, if not the only possible, at least the preferred one. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-160})--(\ref{ex:13-161}). Some achievement predicates require a~postposition with the Verbal Noun.
A: word: aḍaphará	 gloss: halfways
B: word: aáǰ	 gloss: today
C: word: ɡhoóṣṭ	 gloss: house
D: word: dhoóṛ	 gloss: yesterday
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 538:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tíi dhoóṛ ___ koošíš thíil-i
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.OBL yesterday ___ attempt do.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`He tried to come yesterday.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Achievement predicates.} Although it is sometimes difficult to draw a~definite line between modal predicates of the ability type presented above and achievement predicates, the main difference in the typical cases lies in implicativity. While the modals above are non"=implicative, achievement predicates are implicative, i.e., signalling successful vs. failed performance/realisation. In any case, the Verbal Noun strategy seems to be, if not the only possible, at least the preferred one. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-160})--(\ref{ex:13-161}). Some achievement predicates require a~postposition with the Verbal Noun.
A: word: kh-ainií	 gloss: eat-VN
B: word: yh-ainií	 gloss: come-VN
C: word: b-ainií	 gloss: go-VN
D: word: boór	 gloss: bored
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 539:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pirsaahib-á ba inkaár thíil-i ___ phoó deníi díi
Gloss (with missing item): Pir.Sahib-OBL TOP refusal do.PFV-F ___ boy give.VN from
The English translation of this sentence is:`Pir Sahib refused to hand over the boy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Achievement predicates.} Although it is the morpheme ___metimes difficult to draw a~definite line between modal predicates of the ability type presented above and achievement predicates, the main difference in the typical cases lies in implicativity. While the modals above are non"=implicative, achievement predicates are implicative, i.e., signalling successful vs. failed performance/realisation. In any case, the Verbal Noun strategy seems to be, if not the only possible, at least the preferred one. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-160})--(\ref{ex:13-161}). Some achievement predicates require a~postposition with the Verbal Noun.
A: word: sanɡi-eé	 gloss: with-INCL
B: word: so	 gloss: DEF.MSG.NOM
C: word: bhanǰ-úu	 gloss: beat-3SG
D: word: soóč	 gloss: thinking
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 540:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pirsaahib-á ba inkaár thíil-i so ___ deníi díi
Gloss (with missing item): Pir.Sahib-OBL TOP refusal do.PFV-F DEF.MSG.NOM ___ give.VN from
The English translation of this sentence is:`Pir Sahib refused to hand over the boy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Achievement predicates.} Although it is sometimes difficult to draw a~definite line between modal predicates of the ability type presented above and achievement predicates, the main difference in the typical cases lies in implicativity. While the modals above are non"=implicative, achievement predicates are implicative, i.e., signalling successful vs. failed performance/realisation. In any case, the Verbal Noun strategy seems to be, if not the only possible, at least the preferred one. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-160})--(\ref{ex:13-161}). Some achievement predicates require a~postposition with the Verbal Noun.
A: word: putr	 gloss: son
B: word: phoó	 gloss: boy
C: word: phooṭíl-a	 gloss: break.PFV"=MPL
D: word: teeṇíi	 gloss: REFL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 541:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pirsaahib-á ba inkaár thíil-i so phoó ___ díi
Gloss (with missing item): Pir.Sahib-OBL TOP refusal do.PFV-F DEF.MSG.NOM boy ___ from
The English translation of this sentence is:`Pir Sahib refused to hand over the boy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Achievement predicates.} Although it is sometimes difficult to draw a~definite line between modal predicates of the ability type presented above and achievement predicates, the main difference in the typical cases lies in implicativity. While the modals above are non"=implicative, achievement predicates are implicative, i.e., signalling successful vs. failed performance/realisation. In any case, the Verbal Noun strategy seems to be, if not the only possible, at least the preferred one. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-160})--(\ref{ex:13-161}). Some achievement predicates require a~postposition with the Verbal Noun.
A: word: deníi	 gloss: give.VN
B: word: d-ainií	 gloss: give-VN
C: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
D: word: khaá	 gloss: eat.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 542:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pirsaahib-á ba inkaár thíil-i so phoó deníi ___
Gloss (with missing item): Pir.Sahib-OBL TOP refusal do.PFV-F DEF.MSG.NOM boy give.VN ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Pir Sahib refused to hand over the boy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Achievement predicates.} Although it is sometimes difficult to draw a~definite line between modal predicates of the ability type presented above and achievement predicates, the main difference in the typical cases lies in implicativity. While the modals above are non"=implicative, achievement predicates are implicative, i.e., signalling successful vs. failed performance/realisation. In any case, the Verbal Noun strategy seems to be, if not the only possible, at least the preferred one. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-160})--(\ref{ex:13-161}). Some achievement predicates require a~postposition with the Verbal Noun.
A: word: díi	 gloss: from
B: word: lhéṇḍ-u	 gloss: bald-MSG
C: word: díiš-e	 gloss: village-GEN
D: word: taayúu	 gloss: from.there
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A