cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 141:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ṭhaaṭáak-a ba ___ díi muṣṭú tas díi nóo khooǰóol-u maní
Gloss (with missing item): monster-OBL TOP ___ from before 3SG.ACC from name ask.PFV"=MSG HSAY
The English translation of this sentence is:`Before sitting down, [we have been told that] the monster asked for his name.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Precedence.} In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an~implied simultaneity or a~sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) `when'-clause refers to an~event taking place before the event named in the main clause. In so"=called precedence clauses \citep[327]{givon2001b}, on the other hand, the event in the `before'-clause has not yet been realised in relation to the event mentioned in the main clause \citep[247--248]{thompsonetal2007}. This is also referred to as ``temporal posteriority'' \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. For such clauses a~Verbal Noun with the complex postposition díi muṣṭú `before' (in B díi muxáak) is used, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-78})--(\ref{ex:13-80}).
A: word: bheš-ainií	 gloss: sit.down-VN
B: word: ǰhulí	 gloss: on
C: word: bhéš-a	 gloss: sit.down-3SG
D: word: paš-ainií	 gloss: see-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 142:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ṭhaaṭáak-a ba bheš-ainií ___ muṣṭú tas díi nóo khooǰóol-u maní
Gloss (with missing item): monster-OBL TOP sit.down-VN ___ before 3SG.ACC from name ask.PFV"=MSG HSAY
The English translation of this sentence is:`Before sitting down, [we have been told that] the monster asked for his name.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Precedence.} In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an~implied simultaneity or a~sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) `when'-clause refers to an~event taking place before the event named in the main clause. In so"=called precedence clauses \citep[327]{givon2001b}, on the other hand, the event in the `before'-clause has not yet been realised in relation to the event mentioned in the main clause \citep[247--248]{thompsonetal2007}. This is also referred to as ``temporal posteriority'' \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. For such clauses a~Verbal Noun with the complex postposition the morpheme ___ muṣṭú `before' (in B the morpheme ___ muxáak) is used, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-78})--(\ref{ex:13-80}).
A: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
B: word: díiš-e	 gloss: village-GEN
C: word: díi	 gloss: from
D: word: taayúu	 gloss: from.there
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 143:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ṭhaaṭáak-a ba bheš-ainií díi ___ tas díi nóo khooǰóol-u maní
Gloss (with missing item): monster-OBL TOP sit.down-VN from ___ 3SG.ACC from name ask.PFV"=MSG HSAY
The English translation of this sentence is:`Before sitting down, [we have been told that] the monster asked for his name.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Precedence.} In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an~implied simultaneity or a~sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) `when'-clause refers to an~event taking place its gloss ___ the event named in the main clause. In so"=called precedence clauses \citep[327]{givon2001b}, on the other hand, the event in the `its gloss ___'-clause has not yet been realised in relation to the event mentioned in the main clause \citep[247--248]{thompsonetal2007}. This is also referred to as ``temporal posteriority'' \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. For such clauses a~Verbal Noun with the complex postposition díi the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' (in B díi muxáak) is used, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-78})--(\ref{ex:13-80}).
A: word: inšaalaáh	 gloss: God.willing
B: word: muṣṭúk-a	 gloss: of.past-MPL
C: word: thée	 gloss: then
D: word: muṣṭú	 gloss: before
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 144:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kram theníi díi muxáak bíiḍ-u čitaiṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): ___ work do.VN from before much-MSG think.OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is necessary to think properly before a~work is carried out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Precedence.} In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an~implied simultaneity or a~sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) `when'-clause refers to an~event taking place before the event named in the main clause. In so"=called precedence clauses \citep[327]{givon2001b}, on the other hand, the event in the `before'-clause has not yet been realised in relation to the event mentioned in the main clause \citep[247--248]{thompsonetal2007}. This is also referred to as ``temporal posteriority'' \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. For such clauses a~Verbal Noun with the complex postposition díi muṣṭú `before' (in B díi muxáak) is used, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-78})--(\ref{ex:13-80}).
A: word: buṭheé	 gloss: all
B: word: har	 gloss: every
C: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
D: word: atsharíit"=am	 gloss: Ashreti-PL.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 145:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): har ___ theníi díi muxáak bíiḍ-u čitaiṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): every ___ do.VN from before much-MSG think.OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is necessary to think properly before a~work is carried out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Precedence.} In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an~implied simultaneity or a~sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) `when'-clause refers to an~event taking place before the event named in the main clause. In so"=called precedence clauses \citep[327]{givon2001b}, on the other hand, the event in the `before'-clause has not yet been realised in relation to the event mentioned in the main clause \citep[247--248]{thompsonetal2007}. This is also referred to as ``temporal posteriority'' \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. For such clauses a~Verbal Noun with the complex postposition díi muṣṭú `before' (in B díi muxáak) is used, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-78})--(\ref{ex:13-80}).
A: word: mhaaranií	 gloss: kill.VN
B: word: kráam-a	 gloss: work-OBL
C: word: kram	 gloss: work
D: word: b-íi	 gloss: go-3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 146:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): har kram ___ díi muxáak bíiḍ-u čitaiṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): every work ___ from before much-MSG think.OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is necessary to think properly before a~work is carried out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Precedence.} In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an~implied simultaneity or a~sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) `when'-clause refers to an~event taking place before the event named in the main clause. In so"=called precedence clauses \citep[327]{givon2001b}, on the other hand, the event in the `before'-clause has not yet been realised in relation to the event mentioned in the main clause \citep[247--248]{thompsonetal2007}. This is also referred to as ``temporal posteriority'' \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. For such clauses a~Verbal Noun with the complex postposition díi muṣṭú `before' (in B díi muxáak) is used, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-78})--(\ref{ex:13-80}).
A: word: ṭék-a	 gloss: peak-OBL
B: word: theníi	 gloss: do.VN
C: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
D: word: th"=ainií	 gloss: do-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 147:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): har kram theníi ___ muxáak bíiḍ-u čitaiṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): every work do.VN ___ before much-MSG think.OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is necessary to think properly before a~work is carried out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Precedence.} In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an~implied simultaneity or a~sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) `when'-clause refers to an~event taking place before the event named in the main clause. In so"=called precedence clauses \citep[327]{givon2001b}, on the other hand, the event in the `before'-clause has not yet been realised in relation to the event mentioned in the main clause \citep[247--248]{thompsonetal2007}. This is also referred to as ``temporal posteriority'' \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. For such clauses a~Verbal Noun with the complex postposition the morpheme ___ muṣṭú `before' (in B the morpheme ___ muxáak) is used, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-78})--(\ref{ex:13-80}).
A: word: díi	 gloss: from
B: word: díiš-e	 gloss: village-GEN
C: word: preeṣaá	 gloss: squeeze.CV
D: word: taayúu	 gloss: from.there
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 148:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): har kram theníi díi ___ bíiḍ-u čitaiṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): every work do.VN from ___ much-MSG think.OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is necessary to think properly before a~work is carried out.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Precedence.} In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an~implied simultaneity or a~sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) `when'-clause refers to an~event taking place its gloss ___ the event named in the main clause. In so"=called precedence clauses \citep[327]{givon2001b}, on the other hand, the event in the `its gloss ___'-clause has not yet been realised in relation to the event mentioned in the main clause \citep[247--248]{thompsonetal2007}. This is also referred to as ``temporal posteriority'' \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. For such clauses a~Verbal Noun with the complex postposition díi muṣṭú `its gloss ___' (in B díi the morpheme ___) is used, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-78})--(\ref{ex:13-80}).
A: word: thée	 gloss: then
B: word: muxáak	 gloss: before
C: word: áak	 gloss: one
D: word: tasíi	 gloss: 3SG.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 149:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nu ba ___ mhaar"=ainií the ukháat-u de
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.PROX.NOM TOP ___ kill-VN to come.up.PFV"=MSG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`He has come here to kill us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauses expressing the purpose for an~event to be carried out usually have an~implicit human subject coreferential with the (normally) explicit subject of the main clause \citep[337]{givon2001b}. The construction used, a~Verbal Noun followed by the postposition the `to', parallels such ``dative'' purpose clauses found in many other languages \citep[251--252]{thompsonetal2007}. The finite verb in sentences, such as (\ref{ex:13-81})--(\ref{ex:13-82}), is almost invariably an~intransitive motion verb ye- `come', ukhé- `come up', whe- `come down', be- `go', etc.
A: word: asaám	 gloss: 1PL.ACC
B: word: ṭék-a	 gloss: peak-OBL
C: word: tanaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
D: word: baasaá	 gloss: spend.night.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 150:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nu ba asaám ___ the ukháat-u de
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.PROX.NOM TOP 1PL.ACC ___ to come.up.PFV"=MSG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`He has come here to kill us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauses expressing the purpose for an~event to be carried out usually have an~implicit human subject coreferential with the (normally) explicit subject of the main clause \citep[337]{givon2001b}. The construction used, a~Verbal Noun followed by the postposition the `to', parallels such ``dative'' purpose clauses found in many other languages \citep[251--252]{thompsonetal2007}. The finite verb in sentences, such as (\ref{ex:13-81})--(\ref{ex:13-82}), is almost invariably an~intransitive motion verb ye- `come', ukhé- `come up', whe- `come down', be- `go', etc.
A: word: mhaaranií	 gloss: kill.VN
B: word: xálak	 gloss: people
C: word: mhaar"=ainií	 gloss: kill-VN
D: word: har"=ainií	 gloss: take.away-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 151:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nu ba asaám mhaar"=ainií ___ ukháat-u de
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.PROX.NOM TOP 1PL.ACC kill-VN ___ come.up.PFV"=MSG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`He has come here to kill us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauses expressing the morpheme ___ purpose for an~event its gloss ___ be carried out usually have an~implicit human subject coreferential with the morpheme ___ (normally) explicit subject of the morpheme ___ main clause \citep[337]{givon2001b}. The construction used, a~Verbal Noun followed by the morpheme ___ postposition the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___', parallels such ``dative'' purpose clauses found in many othe morpheme ___r languages \citep[251--252]{thompsonetal2007}. The finite verb in sentences, such as (\ref{ex:13-81})--(\ref{ex:13-82}), is almost invariably an~intransitive motion verb ye- `come', ukhé- `come up', whe- `come down', be- `go', etc.
A: word: darwóoza	 gloss: door
B: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
C: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
D: word: the	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 152:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoo-íi ɡhooṣṭ-íi tarap-íi tasíi axpul-aán kuṛíina míiš-a ___ se bhoóy paš-ainií the bi-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): boy-GEN house-GEN direction-GEN 3SG.GEN relative-PL woman.PL man-PL ___ DEF daughter"=in"=law see-VN to go-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The relatives, men and women from the boy's house, are going there, to see their daughter"=in law.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauses expressing the purpose for an~event to be carried out usually have an~implicit human subject coreferential with the (normally) explicit subject of the main clause \citep[337]{givon2001b}. The construction used, a~Verbal Noun followed by the postposition the `to', parallels such ``dative'' purpose clauses found in many other languages \citep[251--252]{thompsonetal2007}. The finite verb in sentences, such as (\ref{ex:13-81})--(\ref{ex:13-82}), is almost invariably an~intransitive motion verb ye- `come', ukhé- `come up', whe- `come down', be- `go', etc.
A: word: bhanǰóol-u	 gloss: beat.PFV"=MSG
B: word: teṇ-teeṇíi	 gloss: RED-REFL
C: word: teeṇíi	 gloss: REFL
D: word: teeṇ-teeṇíi	 gloss: RED"=REFL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 153:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoo-íi ɡhooṣṭ-íi tarap-íi tasíi axpul-aán kuṛíina míiš-a teeṇíi ___ bhoóy paš-ainií the bi-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): boy-GEN house-GEN direction-GEN 3SG.GEN relative-PL woman.PL man-PL REFL ___ daughter"=in"=law see-VN to go-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The relatives, men and women from the boy's house, are going there, to see their daughter"=in law.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauthe morpheme ___s expressing the purpothe morpheme ___ for an~event to be carried out usually have an~implicit human subject coreferential with the (normally) explicit subject of the main clauthe morpheme ___ \citep[337]{givon2001b}. The construction uthe morpheme ___d, a~Verbal Noun followed by the postposition the `to', parallels such ``dative'' purpothe morpheme ___ clauthe morpheme ___s found in many other languages \citep[251--252]{thompsonetal2007}. The finite verb in the morpheme ___ntences, such as (\ref{ex:13-81})--(\ref{ex:13-82}), is almost invariably an~intransitive motion verb ye- `come', ukhé- `come up', whe- `come down', be- `go', etc.
A: word: šúul-a	 gloss: sheaf-OBL
B: word: seéb	 gloss: sir
C: word: hiimaál	 gloss: avalanche
D: word: se	 gloss: DEF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 154:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoo-íi ɡhooṣṭ-íi tarap-íi tasíi axpul-aán kuṛíina míiš-a teeṇíi se ___ paš-ainií the bi-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): boy-GEN house-GEN direction-GEN 3SG.GEN relative-PL woman.PL man-PL REFL DEF ___ see-VN to go-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The relatives, men and women from the boy's house, are going there, to see their daughter"=in law.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauses expressing the purpose for an~event to be carried out usually have an~implicit human subject coreferential with the (normally) explicit subject of the main clause \citep[337]{givon2001b}. The construction used, a~Verbal Noun followed by the postposition the `to', parallels such ``dative'' purpose clauses found in many other languages \citep[251--252]{thompsonetal2007}. The finite verb in sentences, such as (\ref{ex:13-81})--(\ref{ex:13-82}), is almost invariably an~intransitive motion verb ye- `come', ukhé- `come up', whe- `come down', be- `go', etc.
A: word: preṣ	 gloss: mother.in.law
B: word: bhoóy	 gloss: daughter"=in"=law
C: word: ɡhoóṣṭ	 gloss: house
D: word: čula-íim	 gloss: wave-CPRD
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B