cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 543:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pirsaahib-á ba inkaár thíil-i ___ phoó deníi díi
Gloss (with missing item): Pir.Sahib-OBL TOP refusal do.PFV-F ___ boy give.VN from
The English translation of this sentence is:`Pir Sahib refused to hand over the boy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Normally the Verbal Noun complement is embedded into the matrix clause. The complement in (\ref{ex:13-161}), however, occurs after the matrix clause and is thus added explanatorily rather than being extraposed in a~strict sense.
A: word: báaba	 gloss: father.OBL
B: word: soóč	 gloss: thinking
C: word: so	 gloss: DEF.MSG.NOM
D: word: ɡéeḍ-i	 gloss: big-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 544:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pirsaahib-á ba inkaár thíil-i so ___ deníi díi
Gloss (with missing item): Pir.Sahib-OBL TOP refusal do.PFV-F DEF.MSG.NOM ___ give.VN from
The English translation of this sentence is:`Pir Sahib refused to hand over the boy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Normally the Verbal Noun complement is embedded into the matrix clause. The complement in (\ref{ex:13-161}), however, occurs after the matrix clause and is thus added explanatorily rather than being extraposed in a~strict sense.
A: word: phooṭíl-a	 gloss: break.PFV"=MPL
B: word: čailúṭii	 gloss: sparrow.GEN
C: word: phoó	 gloss: boy
D: word: putr	 gloss: son
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 545:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pirsaahib-á ba inkaár thíil-i so phoó ___ díi
Gloss (with missing item): Pir.Sahib-OBL TOP refusal do.PFV-F DEF.MSG.NOM boy ___ from
The English translation of this sentence is:`Pir Sahib refused to hand over the boy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Normally the Verbal Noun complement is embedded into the matrix clause. The complement in (\ref{ex:13-161}), however, occurs after the matrix clause and is thus added explanatorily rather than being extraposed in a~strict sense.
A: word: d-ainií	 gloss: give-VN
B: word: deníi	 gloss: give.VN
C: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
D: word: ninaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 546:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pirsaahib-á ba inkaár thíil-i so phoó deníi ___
Gloss (with missing item): Pir.Sahib-OBL TOP refusal do.PFV-F DEF.MSG.NOM boy give.VN ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Pir Sahib refused to hand over the boy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Normally the Verbal Noun complement is embedded into the matrix clause. The complement in (\ref{ex:13-161}), however, occurs after the matrix clause and is thus added explanatorily rather than being extraposed in a~strict sense.
A: word: taayúu	 gloss: from.there
B: word: díiš-e	 gloss: village-GEN
C: word: díi	 gloss: from
D: word: háat"=am	 gloss: hand-INS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 547:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ phus"=ainií askóon
Gloss (with missing item): ___ rid-VN easy
The English translation of this sentence is:`To get rid of him is very easy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As is clear from examples (\ref{ex:13-163})--(\ref{ex:13-165}), achievement (or non"=achievement) can also be expressed with complement clauses of complement"=taking adjectives.
A: word: nis	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.ACC
B: word: teeṇíi	 gloss: REFL
C: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
D: word: nisíi	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 548:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nis ___ askóon
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.PROX.ACC ___ easy
The English translation of this sentence is:`To get rid of him is very easy.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As is clear from examples (\ref{ex:13-163})--(\ref{ex:13-165}), achievement (or non"=achievement) can also be expressed with complement clauses of complement"=taking adjectives.
A: word: phus"=ainií	 gloss: rid-VN
B: word: har"=ainií	 gloss: take.away-VN
C: word: mhaar"=ainií	 gloss: kill-VN
D: word: phedíl-u	 gloss: reach.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 549:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): heewand-á tanaám the ___ paš-ainií naawás na de
Gloss (with missing item): winter-OBL 3PL.ACC to ___ see-VN difficult NEG be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`It was not hard for them to meet each other throughout the winter.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As is clear from examples (\ref{ex:13-163})--(\ref{ex:13-165}), achievement (or non"=achievement) can also be expressed with complement clauses of complement"=taking adjectives.
A: word: akaaduéem-e	 gloss: RECP.OBL"=GEN
B: word: akaadúi	 gloss: RECP
C: word: wh-óoi	 gloss: come.down-IMP.PL
D: word: eetanaám	 gloss: 3PL.REM.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 550:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): heewand-á tanaám the akaadúi ___ naawás na de
Gloss (with missing item): winter-OBL 3PL.ACC to RECP ___ difficult NEG be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`It was not hard for them to meet each other throughout the winter.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: As is clear from examples (\ref{ex:13-163})--(\ref{ex:13-165}), achievement (or non"=achievement) can also be expressed with complement clauses of complement"=taking adjectives.
A: word: paš-ainií	 gloss: see-VN
B: word: bheš-ainií	 gloss: sit.down-VN
C: word: th"=ainií	 gloss: do-VN
D: word: mhaar"=ainií	 gloss: kill-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 551:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): káakeṛ teeṇíi kúṛi-e pándee kaantar-í ba ___ ɡir-áa ṣáat-u
Gloss (with missing item): Kakel REFL woman-GEN cause go.mad-CV TOP ___ turn-INF begin.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kakel went mad due to this with his wife and began wandering about in the wilderness.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: One of those strategies is infinitival (vi), whereby the perfective form ṣáat- of the polysemous verb ṣač- `climb, etc.' is utilised (\ref{ex:13-166}).
A: word: zanɡal-í	 gloss: forest-OBL
B: word: ḍizeen-í	 gloss: design-PL
C: word: th-éen	 gloss: do-3PL
D: word: biabeen-íim	 gloss: wilderness-PL.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 552:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): káakeṛ teeṇíi kúṛi-e pándee kaantar-í ba biabeen-íim ___ ṣáat-u
Gloss (with missing item): Kakel REFL woman-GEN cause go.mad-CV TOP wilderness-PL.OBL ___ begin.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Kakel went mad due to this with his wife and began wandering about in the wilderness.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: One of those strategies is infinitival (vi), whereby the perfective form ṣáat- of the polysemous verb ṣač- `climb, etc.' is utilised (\ref{ex:13-166}).
A: word: b-áai	 gloss: go-INF
B: word: du=khur-áam	 gloss: two=foot-OBL.PL
C: word: maǰí	 gloss: on
D: word: ɡir-áa	 gloss: turn-INF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 553:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɣalí bhe ___ padúši bay-áa ṣéet-i
Gloss (with missing item): silent become.CV ___ behind go-INF begin.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Silently she started to lag far behind.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike the Infinitive"=taking modal bha- (see \textbf{Modal predicates} above), ṣáat- is confined to the perfective and remains intransitive, regardless of the transitivity of the complement predicate. In (\ref{ex:13-167}), with an~intransitive complement, as well as in (\ref{ex:13-168}), with a~transitive complement, the phasal verb agrees in gender and number with the subject of the matrix clause.
A: word: padúši	 gloss: behind
B: word: darwóoza	 gloss: door
C: word: maxadúši	 gloss: in.front.of
D: word: karáaṛu	 gloss: leopard
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 554:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɣalí bhe padúši ___ bay-áa ṣéet-i
Gloss (with missing item): silent become.CV behind ___ go-INF begin.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Silently she started to lag far behind.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike the Infinitive"=taking modal bha- (see \textbf{Modal predicates} above), ṣáat- is confined to the perfective and remains intransitive, regardless of the transitivity of the complement predicate. In (\ref{ex:13-167}), with an~intransitive complement, as well as in (\ref{ex:13-168}), with a~transitive complement, the phasal verb agrees in gender and number with the subject of the matrix clause.
A: word: eetáai	 gloss: from.there
B: word: yhaí	 gloss: come.CV
C: word: padúši	 gloss: behind
D: word: maxadúši	 gloss: in.front.of
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 555:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɣalí bhe padúši padúši ___ ṣéet-i
Gloss (with missing item): silent become.CV behind behind ___ begin.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Silently she started to lag far behind.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike the Infinitive"=taking modal bha- (see \textbf{Modal predicates} above), ṣáat- is confined to the perfective and remains intransitive, regardless of the transitivity of the complement predicate. In (\ref{ex:13-167}), with an~intransitive complement, as well as in (\ref{ex:13-168}), with a~transitive complement, the phasal verb agrees in gender and number with the subject of the matrix clause.
A: word: bay-áa	 gloss: go-INF
B: word: aḍaphará	 gloss: halfways
C: word: phray-áan-a	 gloss: send-PRS"=MPL
D: word: man-áa	 gloss: say-INF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 556:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): whaid-í ba ___ ziaarat-íim díi muaaf-í daway-áa ṣáat-u
Gloss (with missing item): fall.down-CV TOP ___ shrine-PL.OBL from forgiveness-PL ask-INF begin.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He fell down and started to beg for forgiveness from those graves.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike the Infinitive"=taking modal bha- (see \textbf{Modal predicates} above), ṣáat- is confined to the perfective and remains intransitive, regardless of the transitivity of the complement predicate. In (\ref{ex:13-167}), with an~intransitive complement, as well as in (\ref{ex:13-168}), with a~transitive complement, the phasal verb agrees in gender and number with the subject of the matrix clause.
A: word: maxadúši	 gloss: in.front.of
B: word: eeṛáa	 gloss: there.DIST
C: word: aṛé	 gloss: DIST
D: word: haṛé	 gloss: DIST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 557:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): whaid-í ba haṛé ___ díi muaaf-í daway-áa ṣáat-u
Gloss (with missing item): fall.down-CV TOP DIST ___ from forgiveness-PL ask-INF begin.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He fell down and started to beg for forgiveness from those graves.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike the Infinitive"=taking modal bha- (see \textbf{Modal predicates} above), ṣáat- is confined to the perfective and remains intransitive, regardless of the transitivity of the complement predicate. In (\ref{ex:13-167}), with an~intransitive complement, as well as in (\ref{ex:13-168}), with a~transitive complement, the phasal verb agrees in gender and number with the subject of the matrix clause.
A: word: ziaarat-íim	 gloss: shrine-PL.OBL
B: word: ḍhak-áan-u	 gloss: touch-PRS"=MSG
C: word: ziaarat-í	 gloss: shrine-PL
D: word: wée	 gloss: into
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 558:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): whaid-í ba haṛé ziaarat-íim ___ muaaf-í daway-áa ṣáat-u
Gloss (with missing item): fall.down-CV TOP DIST shrine-PL.OBL ___ forgiveness-PL ask-INF begin.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He fell down and started to beg for forgiveness from those graves.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike the Infinitive"=taking modal bha- (see \textbf{Modal predicates} above), ṣáat- is confined to the perfective and remains intransitive, regardless of the transitivity of the complement predicate. In (\ref{ex:13-167}), with an~intransitive complement, as well as in (\ref{ex:13-168}), with a~transitive complement, the phasal verb agrees in gender and number with the subject of the matrix clause.
A: word: taayúu	 gloss: from.there
B: word: díiš-e	 gloss: village-GEN
C: word: misrí	 gloss: mason
D: word: díi	 gloss: from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 559:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): whaid-í ba haṛé ziaarat-íim díi ___ daway-áa ṣáat-u
Gloss (with missing item): fall.down-CV TOP DIST shrine-PL.OBL from ___ ask-INF begin.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He fell down and started to beg for forgiveness from those graves.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike the Infinitive"=taking modal bha- (see \textbf{Modal predicates} above), ṣáat- is confined to the perfective and remains intransitive, regardless of the transitivity of the complement predicate. In (\ref{ex:13-167}), with an~intransitive complement, as well as in (\ref{ex:13-168}), with a~transitive complement, the phasal verb agrees in gender and number with the subject of the matrix clause.
A: word: daarulxalaafá	 gloss: capital
B: word: muaaf-í	 gloss: forgiveness-PL
C: word: seentá	 gloss: CONDH
D: word: ubax-íi	 gloss: forgive-3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 560:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): whaid-í ba haṛé ziaarat-íim díi muaaf-í ___ ṣáat-u
Gloss (with missing item): fall.down-CV TOP DIST shrine-PL.OBL from forgiveness-PL ___ begin.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He fell down and started to beg for forgiveness from those graves.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Unlike the Infinitive"=taking modal bha- (see \textbf{Modal predicates} above), ṣáat- is confined to the perfective and remains intransitive, regardless of the transitivity of the complement predicate. In (\ref{ex:13-167}), with an~intransitive complement, as well as in (\ref{ex:13-168}), with a~transitive complement, the phasal verb agrees in gender and number with the subject of the matrix clause.
A: word: phray-áan-a	 gloss: send-PRS"=MPL
B: word: daway-áa	 gloss: ask-INF
C: word: man-áa	 gloss: say-INF
D: word: putr-á	 gloss: son-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 561:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak čoór tesée ɡhooṣṭ-á ačíit-u ___ laṭ-ainíi ṣáat-u
Gloss (with missing item): IDEF thief 3SG.GEN house-OBL enter.PFV"=MSG ___ search-VN begin.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`A thief entered his house and started to search through the house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the construction is a~possible example of clause union, ṣáat- seems not to have morphologised to the same extent as bha-, evidenced also in the parallel use of a~Verbal Noun (\ref{ex:13-169}) with it instead of an~Infinitive.
A: word: ɡhooṣṭ-á	 gloss: house-OBL
B: word: ɡhoóṣṭ	 gloss: house
C: word: ɡhooṣṭ-íi	 gloss: house-GEN
D: word: heentá	 gloss: CONDL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B