cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 478:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so hairán bhíl-u ki aṛé čhéelí dúu khur-áam ___ keé uth-í hín-i thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM surprised become.PFV"=MSG COMP DIST goat two foot-PL.OBL ___ why stand.up-CV be.PRS-F QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was surprised that the goat was standing up on two feet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Commentative predicates.} Commentative (or factive) predicates provide a~comment its gloss ___ a~complement propositiits gloss ___ that is assumed to be real \citep[127--129]{noits gloss ___an2007}. Again, the distinctiits gloss ___ between these and utterance predicates is not always very obvious, as the complement often occurs as reported discourse, and there is probably quite some overlap. Typically, the complement clause is formed as a~questiits gloss ___, with keé `why' in (\ref{ex:13-140}) or kateeṇí `what kind' in (\ref{ex:13-141}).
A: word: šúul-a	 gloss: sheaf-OBL
B: word: bhakulíil-u	 gloss: fatten.PFV"=MSG
C: word: oór	 gloss: and
D: word: ǰhulí	 gloss: on
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 479:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so hairán bhíl-u ki aṛé čhéelí dúu khur-áam ǰhulí ___ uth-í hín-i thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM surprised become.PFV"=MSG COMP DIST goat two foot-PL.OBL on ___ stand.up-CV be.PRS-F QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was surprised that the goat was standing up on two feet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Commentative predicates.} Commentative (or factive) predicates provide a~comment on a~complement proposition that is assumed to be real \citep[127--129]{noonan2007}. Again, the distinction between these and utterance predicates is not always very obvious, as the complement often occurs as reported discourse, and there is probably quite some overlap. Typically, the complement clause is formed as a~question, with the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' in (\ref{ex:13-140}) or kateeṇí `what kind' in (\ref{ex:13-141}).
A: word: c̣hiír	 gloss: milk
B: word: keéna	 gloss: why.not
C: word: keé	 gloss: why
D: word: wáǰa	 gloss: reason
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 480:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so hairán bhíl-u ki aṛé čhéelí dúu khur-áam ǰhulí keé ___ hín-i thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM surprised become.PFV"=MSG COMP DIST goat two foot-PL.OBL on why ___ be.PRS-F QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was surprised that the goat was standing up on two feet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Commentative predicates.} Commentative (or factive) predicates provide a~comment on a~complement proposition that is assumed to be real \citep[127--129]{noonan2007}. Again, the distinction between these and utterance predicates is not always very obvious, as the complement often occurs as reported discourse, and there is probably quite some overlap. Typically, the complement clause is formed as a~question, with keé `why' in (\ref{ex:13-140}) or kateeṇí `what kind' in (\ref{ex:13-141}).
A: word: faaidá=ee	 gloss: benefit=CNJ
B: word: th-íia	 gloss: do-1PL
C: word: dac̣h-í	 gloss: look-CV
D: word: uth-í	 gloss: stand.up-CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 481:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so hairán bhíl-u ki aṛé čhéelí dúu khur-áam ǰhulí keé uth-í ___ thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM surprised become.PFV"=MSG COMP DIST goat two foot-PL.OBL on why stand.up-CV ___ QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was surprised that the goat was standing up on two feet.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Commentative predicates.} Commentative (or factive) predicates provide a~comment on a~complement proposition that is assumed to be real \citep[127--129]{noonan2007}. Again, the distinction between these and utterance predicates is not always very obvious, as the complement often occurs as reported discourse, and there is probably quite some overlap. Typically, the complement clause is formed as a~question, with keé `why' in (\ref{ex:13-140}) or kateeṇí `what kind' in (\ref{ex:13-141}).
A: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
B: word: típa	 gloss: now
C: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
D: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 482:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dun-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u ki ___ ba kateeṇ-í ǰuánd
Gloss (with missing item): think-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP ___ TOP what.kind-F life
The English translation of this sentence is:`He started thinking, ``What a life!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Commentative predicates.} Commentative (or factive) predicates provide a~comment on a~complement proposition that is assumed to be real \citep[127--129]{noonan2007}. Again, the distinction between these and utterance predicates is not always very obvious, as the complement often occurs as reported discourse, and there is probably quite some overlap. Typically, the complement clause is formed as a~question, with keé `why' in (\ref{ex:13-140}) or kateeṇí `what kind' in (\ref{ex:13-141}).
A: word: aní	 gloss: 3FSG.PROX.NOM
B: word: wh-óoi	 gloss: come.down-IMP.PL
C: word: teeṇ-teeṇíi	 gloss: RED"=REFL
D: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 483:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dun-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u ki aní ___ kateeṇ-í ǰuánd
Gloss (with missing item): think-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP 3FSG.PROX.NOM ___ what.kind-F life
The English translation of this sentence is:`He started thinking, ``What a life!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Commentative predicates.} Commentative (or factive) predicates provide a~comment on a~complement proposition that is assumed to be real \citep[127--129]{noonan2007}. Again, the distinction between these and utterance predicates is not always very obvious, as the complement often occurs as reported discourse, and there is prothe morpheme ___bly quite some overlap. Typically, the complement clause is formed as a~question, with keé `why' in (\ref{ex:13-140}) or kateeṇí `what kind' in (\ref{ex:13-141}).
A: word: banɡleé	 gloss: bracelet.PL
B: word: baád	 gloss: after
C: word: yaába	 gloss: or
D: word: ba	 gloss: TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 484:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dun-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u ki aní ba ___ ǰuánd
Gloss (with missing item): think-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP 3FSG.PROX.NOM TOP ___ life
The English translation of this sentence is:`He started thinking, ``What a life!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Commentative predicates.} Commentative (or factive) predicates provide a~comment on a~complement proposition that is assumed to be real \citep[127--129]{noonan2007}. Again, the distinction between these and utterance predicates is not always very obvious, as the complement often occurs as reported discourse, and there is probably quite some overlap. Typically, the complement clause is formed as a~question, with keé `why' in (\ref{ex:13-140}) or kateeṇí `what kind' in (\ref{ex:13-141}).
A: word: kateeṇ-ú	 gloss: what.kind-MSG
B: word: šúi	 gloss: good.F
C: word: kateeṇ-í	 gloss: what.kind-F
D: word: qísum	 gloss: kind
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 485:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dun-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u ki aní ba kateeṇ-í ___
Gloss (with missing item): think-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG COMP 3FSG.PROX.NOM TOP what.kind-F ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He started thinking, ``What a life!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Commentative predicates.} Commentative (or factive) predicates provide a~comment on a~complement proposition that is assumed to be real \citep[127--129]{noonan2007}. Again, the distinction between these and utterance predicates is not always very obvious, as the complement often occurs as reported discourse, and there is probably quite some overlap. Typically, the complement clause is formed as a~question, with keé `why' in (\ref{ex:13-140}) or kateeṇí `what kind' in (\ref{ex:13-141}).
A: word: marɡ	 gloss: death
B: word: pándee	 gloss: for
C: word: ɡal-í	 gloss: throw-CV
D: word: ǰuánd	 gloss: life
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 486:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lhoomée ___ taalím man"=ainíi šárum dac̣h-íi de
Gloss (with missing item): fox.OBL ___ education say-VN shame look-3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`The fox was ashamed of talking about his own education.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the subject of the complement clause and the matrix clause are coreferent, as in (\ref{ex:13-142}), the complement can occur as a~Verbal Noun (strategy~(v)).
A: word: teeṇíi	 gloss: REFL
B: word: ɡhaš-í	 gloss: take-CV
C: word: teeṇ-teeṇíi	 gloss: RED"=REFL
D: word: teṇ-teeṇíi	 gloss: RED-REFL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 487:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lhoomée teeṇíi ___ man"=ainíi šárum dac̣h-íi de
Gloss (with missing item): fox.OBL REFL ___ say-VN shame look-3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`The fox was ashamed of talking about his own education.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the subject of the complement clause and the matrix clause are coreferent, as in (\ref{ex:13-142}), the complement can occur as a~Verbal Noun (strategy~(v)).
A: word: taaqatwár	 gloss: powerful
B: word: paidáa	 gloss: born
C: word: taalím	 gloss: education
D: word: iskuúl	 gloss: school
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 488:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): lhoomée teeṇíi taalím ___ šárum dac̣h-íi de
Gloss (with missing item): fox.OBL REFL education ___ shame look-3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`The fox was ashamed of talking about his own education.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the subject of the complement clause and the matrix clause are coreferent, as in (\ref{ex:13-142}), the complement can occur as a~Verbal Noun (strategy~(v)).
A: word: th"=ainií	 gloss: do-VN
B: word: man"=ainií	 gloss: say-VN
C: word: man"=ainíi	 gloss: say-VN
D: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 489:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak yúun padúši so xabár bhíl-u ki ___ hakim-á thíi so duṣmán nawaab-á ḍáḍi phreyíl-u thaní
Gloss (with missing item): one month after 3MSG.NOM informed become.PFV"=MSG COMP ___ ruler-OBL 2SG.GEN DEF.MSG.NOM enemy prince-OBL side send.PFV"=MSG QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`A month later he [the king] was informed that the ruler of Shishi had helped his [the king's] enemy to get to [the territory of] the prince [of Dir].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Predicates of knowledge acquisition.} Many complement"=taking predicates having to do with acquisition of knowledge use the same strategies as for utterances, and again the complement is presented as an~utterance (either by the agent of the matrix clause, as in (\ref{ex:13-143}), or by some other (explicit or implicit) source participant, as in (\ref{ex:13-144}) and (\ref{ex:13-145})), whether it is literally and verbally uttered or is merely cognitively processed, i.e., ``uttered'' mind"=internally.
A: word: sanɡi-eé	 gloss: with-INCL
B: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
C: word: ɣulaamseedmalak-íi	 gloss: Ghulam.Seyd.Malak-GEN
D: word: šišíi-e	 gloss: Shishi-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 490:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak yúun padúši so xabár bhíl-u ki šišíi-e ___ thíi so duṣmán nawaab-á ḍáḍi phreyíl-u thaní
Gloss (with missing item): one month after 3MSG.NOM informed become.PFV"=MSG COMP Shishi-GEN ___ 2SG.GEN DEF.MSG.NOM enemy prince-OBL side send.PFV"=MSG QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`A month later he [the king] was informed that the ruler of Shishi had helped his [the king's] enemy to get to [the territory of] the prince [of Dir].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Predicates of knowledge acquisition.} Many complement"=taking predicates having to do with acquisition of knowledge use the same strategies as for utterances, and again the complement is presented as an~utterance (either by the agent of the matrix clause, as in (\ref{ex:13-143}), or by some other (explicit or implicit) source participant, as in (\ref{ex:13-144}) and (\ref{ex:13-145})), whether it is literally and verbally uttered or is merely cognitively processed, i.e., ``uttered'' mind"=internally.
A: word: hakim-í	 gloss: ruler-GEN
B: word: ux-íi	 gloss: camel-GEN
C: word: hakim-á	 gloss: ruler-OBL
D: word: asée	 gloss: 1PL.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 491:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak yúun padúši so xabár bhíl-u ki šišíi-e hakim-á ___ so duṣmán nawaab-á ḍáḍi phreyíl-u thaní
Gloss (with missing item): one month after 3MSG.NOM informed become.PFV"=MSG COMP Shishi-GEN ruler-OBL ___ DEF.MSG.NOM enemy prince-OBL side send.PFV"=MSG QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`A month later he [the king] was informed that the ruler of Shishi had helped his [the king's] enemy to get to [the territory of] the prince [of Dir].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Predicates of knowledge acquisition.} Many complement"=taking predicates having to do with acquisition of knowledge use the same strategies as for utterances, and again the complement is presented as an~utterance (either by the agent of the matrix clause, as in (\ref{ex:13-143}), or by some other (explicit or implicit) source participant, as in (\ref{ex:13-144}) and (\ref{ex:13-145})), whether it is literally and verbally uttered or is merely cognitively processed, i.e., ``uttered'' mind"=internally.
A: word: thíil-i	 gloss: do.PFV-F
B: word: thíi	 gloss: 2SG.GEN
C: word: bheš-aníi	 gloss: sit.down-VN
D: word: míi	 gloss: 1SG.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 492:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak yúun padúši so xabár bhíl-u ki šišíi-e hakim-á thíi ___ duṣmán nawaab-á ḍáḍi phreyíl-u thaní
Gloss (with missing item): one month after 3MSG.NOM informed become.PFV"=MSG COMP Shishi-GEN ruler-OBL 2SG.GEN ___ enemy prince-OBL side send.PFV"=MSG QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`A month later he [the king] was informed that the ruler of Shishi had helped his [the king's] enemy to get to [the territory of] the prince [of Dir].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Predicates of knowledge acquisition.} Many complement"=taking predicates having to do with acquisition of knowledge use the same strategies as for utterances, and again the complement is presented as an~utterance (either by the agent of the matrix clause, as in (\ref{ex:13-143}), or by the morpheme ___me other (explicit or implicit) the morpheme ___urce participant, as in (\ref{ex:13-144}) and (\ref{ex:13-145})), whether it is literally and verbally uttered or is merely cognitively processed, i.e., ``uttered'' mind"=internally.
A: word: hín=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MPL=Q
B: word: ṣaawóol"=ii	 gloss: put.on.PPTC.MSG"=GEN
C: word: so	 gloss: DEF.MSG.NOM
D: word: soóč	 gloss: thinking
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 493:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak yúun padúši so xabár bhíl-u ki šišíi-e hakim-á thíi so ___ nawaab-á ḍáḍi phreyíl-u thaní
Gloss (with missing item): one month after 3MSG.NOM informed become.PFV"=MSG COMP Shishi-GEN ruler-OBL 2SG.GEN DEF.MSG.NOM ___ prince-OBL side send.PFV"=MSG QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`A month later he [the king] was informed that the ruler of Shishi had helped his [the king's] enemy to get to [the territory of] the prince [of Dir].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Predicates of knowledge acquisition.} Many complement"=taking predicates having to do with acquisition of knowledge use the same strategies as for utterances, and again the complement is presented as an~utterance (either by the agent of the matrix clause, as in (\ref{ex:13-143}), or by some other (explicit or implicit) source participant, as in (\ref{ex:13-144}) and (\ref{ex:13-145})), whether it is literally and verbally uttered or is merely cognitively processed, i.e., ``uttered'' mind"=internally.
A: word: hukumát	 gloss: government
B: word: ǰanɡ	 gloss: war
C: word: duṣmán	 gloss: enemy
D: word: ninaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C