cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 430:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): áa deés se phoó xiaál thíil-i híni ki tuúš čhoót míi se yaar-íi rumeel-í maǰí ɡhaṇḍ-í wíi-a ___ ɡal-úum
Gloss (with missing item): one day DEF boy opinion do.PFV-F be.PRS-F COMP some cheese 1SG.GEN DEF friend-GEN handkerchief-OBL in tie-CV water-OBL ___ throw-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`One day the boy thought, ``Why don't I put some cheese in my friend's handkerchief and throw it into the water?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Related utterances in Palula always occur as direct quotations, as can be seen in the examples (\ref{ex:13-127})--(\ref{ex:13-131}), or more correctly, they are always presented from a~quoted"=speaker's or experiencer's (i.e., the subject of the matrix clause) perspective, as far as deixis, pronominal and time reference is concerned. Non"=oral perception or cognition\footnote{It is probably equally possible to classify the predicate in a~sentence like this as desiderative~-- i.e., expressing a~desire that the proposition be realised~-- rather than as an~uttererance predicate.} is treated in this way too, i.e., thoughts, as in (\ref{ex:13-132}), are presented from the thinking agent's perspective, as if they were uttered orally (a marginal exception to this is found with what I refer to below as ``immediate perception predicates'').
A: word: nikhá	 gloss: come.out.IMP.SG
B: word: ɡá=bi=na	 gloss: what=also=NEG
C: word: keé-na	 gloss: why-NEG
D: word: keéna	 gloss: why.not
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 431:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): áa deés se phoó xiaál thíil-i híni ki tuúš čhoót míi se yaar-íi rumeel-í maǰí ɡhaṇḍ-í wíi-a keé-na ___
Gloss (with missing item): one day DEF boy opinion do.PFV-F be.PRS-F COMP some cheese 1SG.GEN DEF friend-GEN handkerchief-OBL in tie-CV water-OBL why-NEG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`One day the boy thought, ``Why don't I put some cheese in my friend's handkerchief and throw it into the water?'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Related utterances in Palula always occur as direct quotations, as can be seen in the examples (\ref{ex:13-127})--(\ref{ex:13-131}), or more correctly, they are always presented from a~quoted"=speaker's or experiencer's (i.e., the subject of the matrix clause) perspective, as far as deixis, pronominal and time reference is concerned. Non"=oral perception or cognition\footnote{It is probably equally possible to classify the predicate in a~sentence like this as desiderative~-- i.e., expressing a~desire that the proposition be realised~-- rather than as an~uttererance predicate.} is treated in this way too, i.e., thoughts, as in (\ref{ex:13-132}), are presented from the thinking agent's perspective, as if they were uttered orally (a marginal exception to this is found with what I refer to below as ``immediate perception predicates'').
A: word: máa=the	 gloss: 1SG.NOM=to
B: word: ɡal-úum=ee	 gloss: throw-1SG=Q
C: word: búuḍ-i	 gloss: old-F
D: word: ɡal-úum	 gloss: throw-1SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 432:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sum huṇḍ the ṣuɡal-í ba ___ ba thaníit-u
Gloss (with missing item): dirt up to throw.away-CV TOP ___ TOP say.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He threw dirt up [in the air], and said, ``Go on!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: čooṇṭéel"=im	 gloss: write.PFV"=FPL
B: word: čo	 gloss: go.IMP.SG
C: word: ǰhuṭá	 gloss: dirty
D: word: pruɡraám	 gloss: programme
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 433:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): sum huṇḍ the ṣuɡal-í ba čo ___ thaníit-u
Gloss (with missing item): dirt up to throw.away-CV TOP go.IMP.SG ___ say.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He threw dirt up [in the air], and said, ``Go on!'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the the morpheme ___sic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: yaába	 gloss: or
B: word: d-áan-a	 gloss: give-PRS"=MPL
C: word: ba	 gloss: TOP
D: word: lúuɡ-a	 gloss: strange-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 434:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe ___ asíi nóo zindá thíil-u than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV ___ 1PL.GEN name alive do.PFV"=MSG say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: atshareet-á	 gloss: Ashret-OBL
B: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
C: word: aníi=wee	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL=in
D: word: aníi	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 435:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe aníi ___ nóo zindá thíil-u than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV 3SG.PROX.OBL ___ name alive do.PFV"=MSG say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: míi	 gloss: 1SG.GEN
B: word: tasíi	 gloss: 3SG.GEN
C: word: asíi	 gloss: 1PL.GEN
D: word: habibulaxaán	 gloss: Habibullah.Khan
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 436:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe aníi asíi ___ zindá thíil-u than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV 3SG.PROX.OBL 1PL.GEN ___ alive do.PFV"=MSG say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: putr-óom	 gloss: son-PL.OBL
B: word: nóo	 gloss: name
C: word: patá	 gloss: known
D: word: šúi	 gloss: good.F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 437:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe aníi asíi nóo ___ thíil-u than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV 3SG.PROX.OBL 1PL.GEN name ___ do.PFV"=MSG say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: xox	 gloss: liking
B: word: aaindá	 gloss: future
C: word: zarurí	 gloss: necessity
D: word: zindá	 gloss: alive
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 438:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe aníi asíi nóo zindá ___ than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV 3SG.PROX.OBL 1PL.GEN name alive ___ say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: yéel-im	 gloss: come.PFV"=FPL
B: word: dhríṣṭ-u	 gloss: see.PFV"=MSG
C: word: thíil-i	 gloss: do.PFV-F
D: word: thíil-u	 gloss: do.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 439:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe ___ asíi nóo zindá thíil-u than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV ___ 1PL.GEN name alive do.PFV"=MSG say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: aníi	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL
B: word: eeṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
C: word: aníi=wee	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL=in
D: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 440:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe aníi ___ nóo zindá thíil-u than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV 3SG.PROX.OBL ___ name alive do.PFV"=MSG say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: dhií	 gloss: daughter
B: word: míi	 gloss: 1SG.GEN
C: word: tasíi	 gloss: 3SG.GEN
D: word: asíi	 gloss: 1PL.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 441:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe aníi asíi ___ zindá thíil-u than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV 3SG.PROX.OBL 1PL.GEN ___ alive do.PFV"=MSG say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: nóo	 gloss: name
B: word: putr-óom	 gloss: son-PL.OBL
C: word: patá	 gloss: known
D: word: paás	 gloss: passed
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 442:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe aníi asíi nóo ___ thíil-u than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV 3SG.PROX.OBL 1PL.GEN name ___ do.PFV"=MSG say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: qalánɡ	 gloss: tax
B: word: qísum	 gloss: kind
C: word: zindá	 gloss: alive
D: word: aaindá	 gloss: future
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 443:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): c̣hatróol"=ii xálak-a xošaán bhe aníi asíi nóo zindá ___ than-í taním bi baxšíš dít-i maṭaaíi-m ɡeél-i
Gloss (with missing item): Chitral-GEN people-PL happy become.CV 3SG.PROX.OBL 1PL.GEN name alive ___ say-CV 3PL.ERG also award give.PFV-F sweets-PL throw.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The Chitrali people became very happy, saying ``He has saved our reputation [lit: made our name live]'', and they also distributed gifts and sweets.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: While the complement of the utterance predicates mentioned so far are all extraposed (vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order), that is never allowed with any form of the verb thané- `say, call' (strategy~(iii) above), as in (\ref{ex:13-133})--(\ref{ex:13-134}). Note that, in example (\ref{ex:13-134}), the sentence with thaní is part of a~longer clause chain (see \sectref{sec:13-3}).
A: word: dhríṣṭ-u	 gloss: see.PFV"=MSG
B: word: thíil-u	 gloss: do.PFV"=MSG
C: word: thíil-i	 gloss: do.PFV-F
D: word: th-éen	 gloss: do-3PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 444:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): deeúlii xálak"=am daawát dít-i atsharíit"=am the ki ___ th-íia thaníit-u ta atshareet-íi paalawaaṇ-aán ɡíia
Gloss (with missing item): Dir.GEN people-PL.OBL invitation give.PFV-F Ashreti-PL.OBL to COMP ___ do-1PL say.PFV"=MSG COMP Ashret-GEN wrestler-PL go.PFV.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people fom Dir invited the Ashreti people, ``Let's have a~competition!'' And [having said that] the Ashreti strongmen left.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: utterance, which is the case in (\ref{ex:13-135}) and (\ref{ex:13-136}). It becomes, in effect,
A: word: parčá	 gloss: paper
B: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
C: word: ṭinɡ	 gloss: challenge
D: word: muqarár	 gloss: fixing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B