cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 601:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tas the ṭeekíl-u ki ___ c̣híitr-a kráam-a the báaya thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.ACC to call.out.PFV"=MSG COMP ___ field-OBL work-OBL to go.1PL QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He called out to her to come out and go with him to work in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Causative predicates.} While the most important means of expressing causativity is morphological~-- a~matter we will return to shortly~-- manipulation that involves a~lower degree of agentive control \citep[45]{givon2001b} is often expressed through what are basically utterance predicates, also using the same strategies. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-181})--(\ref{ex:13-183}). Hereby the manner of causation or persuation is also made explicit \citep[136]{noonan2007}. The complement clause is either imperative or hortative.
A: word: nikh-á	 gloss: come.out--IMP.SG
B: word: nikhá	 gloss: come.out.IMP.SG
C: word: khaá	 gloss: eat.CV
D: word: nikhái	 gloss: get.out.INF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 602:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tas the ṭeekíl-u ki nikhá ___ kráam-a the báaya thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.ACC to call.out.PFV"=MSG COMP come.out.IMP.SG ___ work-OBL to go.1PL QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He called out to her to come out and go with him to work in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Causative predicates.} While the most important means of expressing causativity is morphological~-- a~matter we will return to shortly~-- manipulation that involves a~lower degree of agentive control \citep[45]{givon2001b} is often expressed through what are basically utterance predicates, also using the same strategies. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-181})--(\ref{ex:13-183}). Hereby the manner of causation or persuation is also made explicit \citep[136]{noonan2007}. The complement clause is either imperative or hortative.
A: word: c̣híitr=ee	 gloss: field=CNJ
B: word: (=meedóon-a	 gloss: [=field-OBL
C: word: súun-a	 gloss: pasture-OBL
D: word: c̣híitr-a	 gloss: field-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 603:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tas the ṭeekíl-u ki nikhá c̣híitr-a ___ the báaya thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.ACC to call.out.PFV"=MSG COMP come.out.IMP.SG field-OBL ___ to go.1PL QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He called out to her to come out and go with him to work in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Causative predicates.} While the most important means of expressing causativity is morphological~-- a~matter we will return to shortly~-- manipulation that involves a~lower degree of agentive control \citep[45]{givon2001b} is often expressed through what are basically utterance predicates, also using the same strategies. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-181})--(\ref{ex:13-183}). Hereby the manner of causation or persuation is also made explicit \citep[136]{noonan2007}. The complement clause is either imperative or hortative.
A: word: kram	 gloss: work
B: word: ɡhoóṣṭ	 gloss: house
C: word: kráam	 gloss: work
D: word: kráam-a	 gloss: work-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 604:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tas the ṭeekíl-u ki nikhá c̣híitr-a kráam-a ___ báaya thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.ACC to call.out.PFV"=MSG COMP come.out.IMP.SG field-OBL work-OBL ___ go.1PL QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He called out to her to come out and go with him to work in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Causative predicates.} While the morpheme ___ most important means of expressing causativity is morphological~-- a~matter we will return its gloss ___ shortly~-- manipulation that involves a~lower degree of agentive control \citep[45]{givon2001b} is often expressed through what are basically utterance predicates, also using the morpheme ___ same strategies. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-181})--(\ref{ex:13-183}). Hereby the morpheme ___ manner of causation or persuation is also made explicit \citep[136]{noonan2007}. The complement clause is eithe morpheme ___r imperative or hortative.
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
C: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
D: word: wheél-u	 gloss: bring.down.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 605:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tas the ṭeekíl-u ki nikhá c̣híitr-a kráam-a the ___ thaní
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.ACC to call.out.PFV"=MSG COMP come.out.IMP.SG field-OBL work-OBL to ___ QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`He called out to her to come out and go with him to work in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Causative predicates.} While the most important means of expressing causativity is morphological~-- a~matter we will return to shortly~-- manipulation that involves a~lower degree of agentive control \citep[45]{givon2001b} is often expressed through what are basically utterance predicates, also using the same strategies. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-181})--(\ref{ex:13-183}). Hereby the manner of causation or persuation is also made explicit \citep[136]{noonan2007}. The complement clause is either imperative or hortative.
A: word: parčá	 gloss: paper
B: word: báaya	 gloss: go.1PL
C: word: b-íia	 gloss: go-1PL
D: word: wh-áaya	 gloss: come.down-1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 606:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): deeúl-ii xálak"=am daawát dít-i atsharíit"=am the ki ___ th-íia
Gloss (with missing item): Dir-GEN people-PL.OBL invitation give.PFV-F Ashreti-PL.OBL to COMP ___ do-1PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people from Dir invited the Ashreti people to have a competition with them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Causative predicates.} While the most important means of expressing causativity is morphological~-- a~matter we will return to shortly~-- manipulation that involves a~lower degree of agentive control \citep[45]{givon2001b} is often expressed through what are basically utterance predicates, also using the same strategies. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-181})--(\ref{ex:13-183}). Hereby the manner of causation or persuation is also made explicit \citep[136]{noonan2007}. The complement clause is either imperative or hortative.
A: word: ac̣húuṛi-m	 gloss: walnut.tree-PL
B: word: muqarár	 gloss: fixing
C: word: ṭinɡ	 gloss: challenge
D: word: muqaabilá	 gloss: contest
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 607:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): deeúl-ii xálak"=am daawát dít-i atsharíit"=am the ki muqaabilá ___
Gloss (with missing item): Dir-GEN people-PL.OBL invitation give.PFV-F Ashreti-PL.OBL to COMP contest ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people from Dir invited the Ashreti people to have a competition with them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Causative predicates.} While the most important means of expressing causativity is morphological~-- a~matter we will return to shortly~-- manipulation that involves a~lower degree of agentive control \citep[45]{givon2001b} is often expressed through what are basically utterance predicates, also using the same strategies. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-181})--(\ref{ex:13-183}). Hereby the manner of causation or persuation is also made explicit \citep[136]{noonan2007}. The complement clause is either imperative or hortative.
A: word: bh-íia	 gloss: become-1PL
B: word: th-íi	 gloss: do-3SG
C: word: hasó	 gloss: \textbf{REM.MSG.NOM}
D: word: th-íia	 gloss: do-1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 608:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): eesé zanɡal-í áa baṭ-á ǰhulí har-í so kuṇaák ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.REM.OBL forest-OBL IDEF stone-OBL on take.away-CV DEF.MSG.NOM child ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He took the child to a~stone in the forest and seated him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When, however, agent control is strong, the preferred strategy is to utilise the morphological causative construction per se. This can either be in the form of direct causation, in essence deriving a~transitive verb from an~intransitive (such as `make sit down, seat' from `sit down' in (\ref{ex:13-184}) and `hang (something)' from `hang (by itself)' in (\ref{ex:13-185})), or in the form of indirect causation (such as `have (someone) drink' from `drink' in (\ref{ex:13-185}), `have someone tell' from `tell something' in (\ref{ex:13-186}) and `have someone educated' from `educate (oneself)' in (\ref{ex:13-187})). With indirect causation, an~animate manipulee is marked by ṣaawaá, a~grammaticalisation of the converb of ṣaawá- `put on, dress, turn on'.
A: word: bhešóol-u	 gloss: sit.down.CAUS.PFV"=MSG
B: word: bhéṭ-u	 gloss: sit.down.PFV"=MSG
C: word: rhoó	 gloss: song
D: word: bheešóol-u	 gloss: seat.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 609:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): xalk-íim ṣaawaá teér bhíl-a qiseé ___
Gloss (with missing item): people-PL.OBL MANIP passed become.PPTC"=MPL story.PL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He had the people tell him all that had happened.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When, however, agent control is strong, the preferred strategy is to utilise the morphological causative construction per se. This can either be in the form of direct causation, in essence deriving a~transitive verb from an~intransitive (such as `make sit down, seat' from `sit down' in (\ref{ex:13-184}) and `hang (something)' from `hang (by itself)' in (\ref{ex:13-185})), or in the form of indirect causation (such as `have (someone) drink' from `drink' in (\ref{ex:13-185}), `have someone tell' from `tell something' in (\ref{ex:13-186}) and `have someone educated' from `educate (oneself)' in (\ref{ex:13-187})). With indirect causation, an~animate manipulee is marked by ṣaawaá, a~grammaticalisation of the converb of ṣaawá- `put on, dress, turn on'.
A: word: th-awóol-a	 gloss: do-CAUS.PFV"=MPL
B: word: thawóol-a	 gloss: make.do.PFV"=MPL
C: word: thíil-a	 gloss: do.PFV"=MPL
D: word: c̣hiír	 gloss: milk
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 610:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): áa putr-á ṣaawaá ma taalím ___
Gloss (with missing item): IDEF son-OBL MANIP 1SG.NOM education ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`My son can become educated [lit: I make my son study]'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When, however, agent control is strong, the preferred strategy is to utilise the morphological causative construction per se. This can either be in the form of direct causation, in essence deriving a~transitive verb from an~intransitive (such as `make sit down, seat' from `sit down' in (\ref{ex:13-184}) and `hang (something)' from `hang (by itself)' in (\ref{ex:13-185})), or in the form of indirect causation (such as `have (someone) drink' from `drink' in (\ref{ex:13-185}), `have someone tell' from `tell something' in (\ref{ex:13-186}) and `have someone educated' from `educate (oneself)' in (\ref{ex:13-187})). With indirect causation, an~animate manipulee is marked by ṣaawaá, a~grammaticalisation of the converb of ṣaawá- `put on, dress, turn on'.
A: word: keé-na	 gloss: why-NEG
B: word: dawa-áan-u	 gloss: ask.for-PRS"=MSG
C: word: th-áan-u	 gloss: do-PRS"=MSG
D: word: th-awa-áan-u	 gloss: do-CAUS-PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 611:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ khayí xarčá dawóol-u hín-u eesó xarčá ɡhin-í{\ldots}
Gloss (with missing item): ___ which expenditure ask.for.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG REM.MSG.NOM expenditure take-CV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking the reimbursement that the father has demanded{\ldots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most similar to the typical Urdu"=Hindi relative"=correlative construction are those sentences that have a~full NP in a~preposed modifying clause corresponding to a~full NP in the main clause. In (\ref{ex:13-188})--(\ref{ex:13-189}), the otherwise interrogatively used khayí `which' is used as an~adnominal relative pronoun, correlating with a~demonstrative from the remote set. Although the noun can be repeated in full in the main clause along with a~demonstrative, it can equally well be coreferenced by a~demonstrative alone.
A: word: míiš-a	 gloss: man-OBL
B: word: c̣hiír	 gloss: milk
C: word: báabu	 gloss: father
D: word: báaba	 gloss: father.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 612:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): báaba ___ xarčá dawóol-u hín-u eesó xarčá ɡhin-í{\ldots}
Gloss (with missing item): father.OBL ___ expenditure ask.for.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG REM.MSG.NOM expenditure take-CV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking the reimbursement that the father has demanded{\ldots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most similar to the typical Urdu"=Hindi relative"=correlative construction are those sentences that have a~full NP in a~preposed modifying clause corresponding to a~full NP in the main clause. In (\ref{ex:13-188})--(\ref{ex:13-189}), the otherwise interrogatively used the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' is used as an~adnominal relative pronoun, correlating with a~demonstrative from the remote set. Although the noun can be repeated in full in the main clause along with a~demonstrative, it can equally well be coreferenced by a~demonstrative alone.
A: word: khayáak	 gloss: which.one
B: word: duṣmán	 gloss: enemy
C: word: khayí	 gloss: which
D: word: khay-í	 gloss: which-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 613:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): báaba khayí ___ dawóol-u hín-u eesó xarčá ɡhin-í{\ldots}
Gloss (with missing item): father.OBL which ___ ask.for.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG REM.MSG.NOM expenditure take-CV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking the reimbursement that the father has demanded{\ldots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most similar to the typical Urdu"=Hindi relative"=correlative construction are those sentences that have a~full NP in a~preposed modifying clause corresponding to a~full NP in the main clause. In (\ref{ex:13-188})--(\ref{ex:13-189}), the otherwise interrogatively used khayí `which' is used as an~adnominal relative pronoun, correlating with a~demonstrative from the remote set. Although the noun can be repeated in full in the main clause along with a~demonstrative, it can equally well be coreferenced by a~demonstrative alone.
A: word: xarčá	 gloss: expenditure
B: word: pándee	 gloss: for
C: word: qiseé	 gloss: story.PL
D: word: parčá	 gloss: paper
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 614:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): báaba khayí xarčá ___ hín-u eesó xarčá ɡhin-í{\ldots}
Gloss (with missing item): father.OBL which expenditure ___ be.PRS"=MSG REM.MSG.NOM expenditure take-CV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking the reimbursement that the father has demanded{\ldots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most similar to the typical Urdu"=Hindi relative"=correlative construction are those sentences that have a~full NP in a~preposed modifying clause corresponding to a~full NP in the main clause. In (\ref{ex:13-188})--(\ref{ex:13-189}), the otherwise interrogatively used khayí `which' is used as an~adnominal relative pronoun, correlating with a~demonstrative from the remote set. Although the noun can be repeated in full in the main clause along with a~demonstrative, it can equally well be coreferenced by a~demonstrative alone.
A: word: khooǰóol-u	 gloss: ask.PFV"=MSG
B: word: ṣaawóol-u	 gloss: put.on.PFV"=MSG
C: word: dawóol-u	 gloss: ask.for.PFV"=MSG
D: word: (nu)	 gloss: 3MSG.PROX.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 615:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): báaba khayí xarčá dawóol-u ___ eesó xarčá ɡhin-í{\ldots}
Gloss (with missing item): father.OBL which expenditure ask.for.PFV"=MSG ___ REM.MSG.NOM expenditure take-CV
The English translation of this sentence is:`Taking the reimbursement that the father has demanded{\ldots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most similar to the typical Urdu"=Hindi relative"=correlative construction are those sentences that have a~full NP in a~preposed modifying clause corresponding to a~full NP in the main clause. In (\ref{ex:13-188})--(\ref{ex:13-189}), the otherwise interrogatively used khayí `which' is used as an~adnominal relative pronoun, correlating with a~demonstrative from the remote set. Although the noun can be repeated in full in the main clause along with a~demonstrative, it can equally well be coreferenced by a~demonstrative alone.
A: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
B: word: habibulaxaán	 gloss: Habibullah.Khan
C: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
D: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C