cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 310:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so šúi paaṇṭí bi ___ heensíl-u de xu bač na bhíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM good.F clothes even ___ stay.PFV"=MSG PST but saved NEG become.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Even though he was wearing good clothes, he did not survive.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Concessive clauses.} There is probably no unique strategy for forming concessive clauses. A conjunction with ``adversative'' reading (see \sectref{subsec:13-2-1}--\sectref{subsec:13-2-2}) can, for instance be used for this purpose, with (\ref{ex:13-118}) or without (\ref{ex:13-119}) the contrary"=to"=expectation particle bi `also, even'.
A: word: yeí	 gloss: come.CV
B: word: the	 gloss: to
C: word: ṣaá	 gloss: put.on.CV
D: word: preeṣaá	 gloss: squeeze.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 311:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so šúi paaṇṭí bi ṣaá ___ de} xu bač na bhíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM good.F clothes even put.on.CV ___ PST but saved NEG become.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Even though he was wearing good clothes, he did not survive.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Concessive clauses.} There is probably no unique strategy for forming concessive clauses. A conjunction with ``adversative'' reading (see \sectref{subsec:13-2-1}--\sectref{subsec:13-2-2}) can, for instance be used for this purpose, with (\ref{ex:13-118}) or without (\ref{ex:13-119}) the contrary"=to"=expectation particle bi `also, even'.
A: word: toopaančá	 gloss: pistol
B: word: heensíl-u	 gloss: stay.PFV"=MSG
C: word: heensíl-a	 gloss: stay.PFV"=MPL
D: word: ṣaawóol"=ii	 gloss: put.on.PPTC.MSG"=GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 312:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ parčá ta dít-u xu ma paás ba na bh"=eeṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): ___ paper CNTR give.PFV"=MSG but 1SG.NOM passed TOP NEG become-OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Although I turned in my paper, I will not pass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Concessive clauses.} There is probably no unique strategy for forming concessive clauses. A conjunction with ``adversative'' reading (see \sectref{subsec:13-2-1}--\sectref{subsec:13-2-2}) can, for instance be used for this purpose, with (\ref{ex:13-118}) or without (\ref{ex:13-119}) the contrary"=to"=expectation particle bi `also, even'.
A: word: thíi	 gloss: 2SG.GEN
B: word: míi	 gloss: 1SG.GEN
C: word: ṣaá	 gloss: put.on.CV
D: word: míiš	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 313:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): míi ___ ta dít-u xu ma paás ba na bh"=eeṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.GEN ___ CNTR give.PFV"=MSG but 1SG.NOM passed TOP NEG become-OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Although I turned in my paper, I will not pass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Concessive clauses.} There is probably no unique strategy for forming concessive clauses. A conjunction with ``adversative'' reading (see \sectref{subsec:13-2-1}--\sectref{subsec:13-2-2}) can, for instance be used for this purpose, with (\ref{ex:13-118}) or without (\ref{ex:13-119}) the contrary"=to"=expectation particle bi `also, even'.
A: word: parčá	 gloss: paper
B: word: xarčá	 gloss: compensation
C: word: béeriṣ-a	 gloss: summer-OBL
D: word: maalumaát	 gloss: information
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 314:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): míi parčá ___ dít-u xu ma paás ba na bh"=eeṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.GEN paper ___ give.PFV"=MSG but 1SG.NOM passed TOP NEG become-OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Although I turned in my paper, I will not pass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Concessive clauses.} There is probably no unique strategy for forming concessive clauses. A conjunction with ``adversative'' reading (see \sectref{subsec:13-2-1}--\sectref{subsec:13-2-2}) can, for insthe morpheme ___nce be used for this purpose, with (\ref{ex:13-118}) or without (\ref{ex:13-119}) the contrary"=to"=expecthe morpheme ___tion particle bi `also, even'.
A: word: ta	 gloss: CNTR
B: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
C: word: áaṇc̣-a	 gloss: raspberry-PL
D: word: buṭheé	 gloss: all
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 315:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): míi parčá ta ___ xu ma paás ba na bh"=eeṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.GEN paper CNTR ___ but 1SG.NOM passed TOP NEG become-OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Although I turned in my paper, I will not pass.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Concessive clauses.} There is probably no unique strategy for forming concessive clauses. A conjunction with ``adversative'' reading (see \sectref{subsec:13-2-1}--\sectref{subsec:13-2-2}) can, for instance be used for this purpose, with (\ref{ex:13-118}) or without (\ref{ex:13-119}) the contrary"=to"=expectation particle bi `also, even'.
A: word: dít-ii	 gloss: give.PPTC"=GEN
B: word: thíil-u	 gloss: do.PFV"=MSG
C: word: dít-u	 gloss: give.PFV"=MSG
D: word: čhúuṇ-u	 gloss: put.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 316:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ the bainií zhay-í ma ba laahur-á the ɡúum
Gloss (with missing item): ___ to go.VN place-OBL 1SG.NOM TOP Lahore-OBL to go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Instead of going to Karachi, I went to Lahore.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, there are constructions involving the noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous to the English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the other hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is therefore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: karaačí	 gloss: Karachi
B: word: mhaás	 gloss: meat
C: word: islaamabaád	 gloss: Islamabad
D: word: baraaníi-e	 gloss: foreigner-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 317:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): karaačí ___ bainií zhay-í ma ba laahur-á the ɡúum
Gloss (with missing item): Karachi ___ go.VN place-OBL 1SG.NOM TOP Lahore-OBL to go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Instead of going to Karachi, I went to Lahore.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, the morpheme ___re are constructions involving the morpheme ___ noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous its gloss ___ the morpheme ___ English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the morpheme ___ oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the morpheme ___ othe morpheme ___r hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is the morpheme ___refore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: dapáara	 gloss: for
B: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
C: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
D: word: the	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 318:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): karaačí the ___ zhay-í ma ba laahur-á the ɡúum
Gloss (with missing item): Karachi to ___ place-OBL 1SG.NOM TOP Lahore-OBL to go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Instead of going to Karachi, I went to Lahore.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, there are constructions involving the noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous to the English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the other hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is therefore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: b-ainií	 gloss: go-VN
B: word: bainií	 gloss: go.VN
C: word: har"=ainií	 gloss: take.away-VN
D: word: th-íia	 gloss: do-1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 319:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): karaačí the bainií ___ ma ba laahur-á the ɡúum
Gloss (with missing item): Karachi to go.VN ___ 1SG.NOM TOP Lahore-OBL to go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Instead of going to Karachi, I went to Lahore.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, there are constructions involving the noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous to the English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the other hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is therefore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: khay-í	 gloss: which-F
B: word: trók-i	 gloss: weak-F
C: word: zhay-í	 gloss: place-OBL
D: word: ilaqaa-í	 gloss: area-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 320:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ aleehisalaam-íi putr ismaaíil-e zhay-í míi dúudu qurbaán bhe hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ peace.be.upon.him-GEN son Ismail-GEN place-OBL 1SG.GEN forefather sacrifice become.CV be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`My forefather was sacrificed instead [lit: in the place] of Ibrahim's, PBUH, son Ismail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, there are constructions involving the noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous to the English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the other hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is therefore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: ibrahiím	 gloss: Ibrahim
B: word: ismaaíil-e	 gloss: Ismail-GEN
C: word: máa=the	 gloss: 1SG.NOM=to
D: word: dhii-á	 gloss: daughter-PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 321:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ibrahiím ___ putr ismaaíil-e zhay-í míi dúudu qurbaán bhe hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): Ibrahim ___ son Ismail-GEN place-OBL 1SG.GEN forefather sacrifice become.CV be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`My forefather was sacrificed instead [lit: in the place] of Ibrahim's, PBUH, son Ismail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, there are constructions involving the noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous to the English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the other hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is therefore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: iisa=aleehisalaám	 gloss: Isa=peace.be.upon.him
B: word: aleehisalaam-íi	 gloss: peace.be.upon.him-GEN
C: word: phúṭi	 gloss: top
D: word: drhíṣṭ-i	 gloss: see.PFV-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 322:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ibrahiím aleehisalaam-íi ___ ismaaíil-e zhay-í míi dúudu qurbaán bhe hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): Ibrahim peace.be.upon.him-GEN ___ Ismail-GEN place-OBL 1SG.GEN forefather sacrifice become.CV be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`My forefather was sacrificed instead [lit: in the place] of Ibrahim's, PBUH, son Ismail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, there are constructions involving the noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous to the English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the other hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is therefore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: putr-óom	 gloss: son-PL.OBL
B: word: phoó	 gloss: boy
C: word: ṭhak"=ainií	 gloss: shake.down-VN
D: word: putr	 gloss: son
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 323:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ibrahiím aleehisalaam-íi putr ___ zhay-í míi dúudu qurbaán bhe hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): Ibrahim peace.be.upon.him-GEN son ___ place-OBL 1SG.GEN forefather sacrifice become.CV be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`My forefather was sacrificed instead [lit: in the place] of Ibrahim's, PBUH, son Ismail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, there are constructions involving the noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous to the English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the other hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is therefore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: ismaaíil-e	 gloss: Ismail-GEN
B: word: thíil-i	 gloss: do.PFV-F
C: word: tasíi	 gloss: 3SG.GEN
D: word: putr-íi	 gloss: son-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 324:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ibrahiím aleehisalaam-íi putr ismaaíil-e ___ míi dúudu qurbaán bhe hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): Ibrahim peace.be.upon.him-GEN son Ismail-GEN ___ 1SG.GEN forefather sacrifice become.CV be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`My forefather was sacrificed instead [lit: in the place] of Ibrahim's, PBUH, son Ismail.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: First, there are constructions involving the noun zhaáy `place'. The one exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-120}) has a~subordinate clause almost analogous to the English `instead of{\ldots}', with a~Verbal Noun qualifying the oblique form of zhaáy. The `place'-noun in (\ref{ex:13-121}) is on the other hand only qualified by a~possessive phrase and is therefore not a~subordinate clause at all.
A: word: ṣač-í	 gloss: climb-CV
B: word: zhay-í	 gloss: place-OBL
C: word: ilaqaa-í	 gloss: area-OBL
D: word: khay-í	 gloss: which-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 325:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ the man"=ainií díi máa=the man"=ainií šóo de
Gloss (with missing item): ___ to say-VN from 1SG.NOM=to say-VN good.MSG be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Rather than telling the police, you should have told me [lit: The telling to me is better than the telling to the police].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also possible to use a~comparative construction `X-ing a, is better than X-ing b'. In this case, as seen in (\ref{ex:13-122}), both the subject head and the head of the predicate noun phrase are Verbal Nouns.
A: word: čoór	 gloss: thief
B: word: ɡir-áa	 gloss: turn-INF
C: word: pulusá	 gloss: police
D: word: axpul-aán	 gloss: relative-PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 326:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pulusá ___ man"=ainií díi máa=the man"=ainií šóo de
Gloss (with missing item): police ___ say-VN from 1SG.NOM=to say-VN good.MSG be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Rather than telling the police, you should have told me [lit: The telling to me is better than the telling to the police].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also possible its gloss ___ use a~comparative construction `X-ing a, is better than X-ing b'. In this case, as seen in (\ref{ex:13-122}), both the morpheme ___ subject head and the morpheme ___ head of the morpheme ___ predicate noun phrase are Verbal Nouns.
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
C: word: róot-a	 gloss: night-OBL
D: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 327:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): pulusá the ___ díi máa=the man"=ainií šóo de
Gloss (with missing item): police to ___ from 1SG.NOM=to say-VN good.MSG be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Rather than telling the police, you should have told me [lit: The telling to me is better than the telling to the police].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is also possible to use a~comparative construction `X-ing a, is better than X-ing b'. In this case, as seen in (\ref{ex:13-122}), both the subject head and the head of the predicate noun phrase are Verbal Nouns.
A: word: th"=ainií	 gloss: do-VN
B: word: bhíl-i	 gloss: become.PFV-F
C: word: man"=ainií	 gloss: say-VN
D: word: man"=ainíi	 gloss: say-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C