cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 585:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uc̣hí ba se čúti-m-e zaríia baándi so baṭ húṇṭraak c̣huɡal-áan-u se ___ se muṭ-á bheš-aníi the na uṛ-áan-u mhaás kh-ainíi the na uṛ-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lift.up.CV TOP DEF paw-PL"=GEN means by DEF.MSG.NOM stone upward hurl-PRS"=MSG DEF ___ DEF tree-OBL sit.down-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG meat eat-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After picking them up, it was throwing the stones upward with the help of his paws, not allowing the crows sit in the tree, not allowing them to eat the meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of them with permissive semantics. One is the Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various other complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the postposition the `to', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the indicative.
A: word: qalánɡ	 gloss: tax
B: word: kúuk-a	 gloss: crow-PL
C: word: kúuk-e	 gloss: crow-GEN
D: word: ǰhaníi	 gloss: wedding.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 586:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uc̣hí ba se čúti-m-e zaríia baándi so baṭ húṇṭraak c̣huɡal-áan-u se kúuk-a ___ muṭ-á bheš-aníi the na uṛ-áan-u mhaás kh-ainíi the na uṛ-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lift.up.CV TOP DEF paw-PL"=GEN means by DEF.MSG.NOM stone upward hurl-PRS"=MSG DEF crow-PL ___ tree-OBL sit.down-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG meat eat-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After picking them up, it was throwing the stones upward with the help of his paws, not allowing the crows sit in the tree, not allowing them to eat the meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is uthe morpheme ___d as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of them with permissive the morpheme ___mantics. One is the Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various other complement clauthe morpheme ___s (the morpheme ___e \the morpheme ___ctref{subthe morpheme ___c:13-5-1}), followed by the postposition the `to', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is uthe morpheme ___d in the indicative.
A: word: phedúul-a	 gloss: take.PFV"=MPL
B: word: naawás	 gloss: difficult
C: word: seéb	 gloss: sir
D: word: se	 gloss: DEF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 587:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uc̣hí ba se čúti-m-e zaríia baándi so baṭ húṇṭraak c̣huɡal-áan-u se kúuk-a se ___ bheš-aníi the na uṛ-áan-u mhaás kh-ainíi the na uṛ-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lift.up.CV TOP DEF paw-PL"=GEN means by DEF.MSG.NOM stone upward hurl-PRS"=MSG DEF crow-PL DEF ___ sit.down-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG meat eat-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After picking them up, it was throwing the stones upward with the help of his paws, not allowing the crows sit in the tree, not allowing them to eat the meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of them with permissive semantics. One is the Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various other complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the postposition the `to', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the indicative.
A: word: ɡhooṣṭ-á	 gloss: house-OBL
B: word: muṭ-á	 gloss: tree-OBL
C: word: loomuṭ-á	 gloss: deodar.tree-OBL
D: word: muṭ	 gloss: tree
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 588:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uc̣hí ba se čúti-m-e zaríia baándi so baṭ húṇṭraak c̣huɡal-áan-u se kúuk-a se muṭ-á ___ the na uṛ-áan-u mhaás kh-ainíi the na uṛ-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lift.up.CV TOP DEF paw-PL"=GEN means by DEF.MSG.NOM stone upward hurl-PRS"=MSG DEF crow-PL DEF tree-OBL ___ to NEG let-PRS"=MSG meat eat-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After picking them up, it was throwing the stones upward with the help of his paws, not allowing the crows sit in the tree, not allowing them to eat the meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of them with permissive semantics. One is the Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various other complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the postposition the `to', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the indicative.
A: word: bhéš-a	 gloss: sit.down-3SG
B: word: bheš-aníi	 gloss: sit.down-VN
C: word: bheš-ainií	 gloss: sit.down-VN
D: word: karaačí	 gloss: Karachi
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 589:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uc̣hí ba se čúti-m-e zaríia baándi so baṭ húṇṭraak c̣huɡal-áan-u se kúuk-a se muṭ-á bheš-aníi ___ na uṛ-áan-u mhaás kh-ainíi the na uṛ-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lift.up.CV TOP DEF paw-PL"=GEN means by DEF.MSG.NOM stone upward hurl-PRS"=MSG DEF crow-PL DEF tree-OBL sit.down-VN ___ NEG let-PRS"=MSG meat eat-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After picking them up, it was throwing the stones upward with the help of his paws, not allowing the crows sit in the tree, not allowing them to eat the meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of the morpheme ___m with permissive semantics. One is the morpheme ___ Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various othe morpheme ___r complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the morpheme ___ postposition the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the morpheme ___ indicative.
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
C: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
D: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 590:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uc̣hí ba se čúti-m-e zaríia baándi so baṭ húṇṭraak c̣huɡal-áan-u se kúuk-a se muṭ-á bheš-aníi the na uṛ-áan-u ___ kh-ainíi the na uṛ-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lift.up.CV TOP DEF paw-PL"=GEN means by DEF.MSG.NOM stone upward hurl-PRS"=MSG DEF crow-PL DEF tree-OBL sit.down-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG ___ eat-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After picking them up, it was throwing the stones upward with the help of his paws, not allowing the crows sit in the tree, not allowing them to eat the meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of them with permissive semantics. One is the Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various other complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the postposition the `to', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the indicative.
A: word: mhaas-á	 gloss: meat-PL
B: word: mhaás	 gloss: meat
C: word: taalím	 gloss: education
D: word: mhaaranií	 gloss: kill.VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 591:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uc̣hí ba se čúti-m-e zaríia baándi so baṭ húṇṭraak c̣huɡal-áan-u se kúuk-a se muṭ-á bheš-aníi the na uṛ-áan-u mhaás ___ the na uṛ-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lift.up.CV TOP DEF paw-PL"=GEN means by DEF.MSG.NOM stone upward hurl-PRS"=MSG DEF crow-PL DEF tree-OBL sit.down-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG meat ___ to NEG let-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After picking them up, it was throwing the stones upward with the help of his paws, not allowing the crows sit in the tree, not allowing them to eat the meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of them with permissive semantics. One is the Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various other complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the postposition the `to', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the indicative.
A: word: habibulaxaán	 gloss: Habibullah.Khan
B: word: bhanǰ-ainíi-a	 gloss: beat-VN"=OBL
C: word: khainíi	 gloss: eat.VN
D: word: kh-ainíi	 gloss: eat-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 592:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): uc̣hí ba se čúti-m-e zaríia baándi so baṭ húṇṭraak c̣huɡal-áan-u se kúuk-a se muṭ-á bheš-aníi the na uṛ-áan-u mhaás kh-ainíi ___ na uṛ-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): lift.up.CV TOP DEF paw-PL"=GEN means by DEF.MSG.NOM stone upward hurl-PRS"=MSG DEF crow-PL DEF tree-OBL sit.down-VN to NEG let-PRS"=MSG meat eat-VN ___ NEG let-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After picking them up, it was throwing the stones upward with the help of his paws, not allowing the crows sit in the tree, not allowing them to eat the meat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of the morpheme ___m with permissive semantics. One is the morpheme ___ Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various othe morpheme ___r complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the morpheme ___ postposition the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the morpheme ___ indicative.
A: word: hasé	 gloss: REM
B: word: the	 gloss: to
C: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
D: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 593:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhaḍeeró miṭínɡ xátum bhíl-ii pahúrta ___ b-ainií the uṛ-íi=ee
Gloss (with missing item): elder meeting finished become.PPTC"=GEN after ___ go-VN to let-3SG=Q
The English translation of this sentence is:`Will the elder let us leave after the meeting is over?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of them with permissive semantics. One is the Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various other complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the postposition the `to', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the indicative.
A: word: kanáa	 gloss: like.what
B: word: tanaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
C: word: asaám	 gloss: 1PL.ACC
D: word: baasaá	 gloss: spend.night.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 594:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhaḍeeró miṭínɡ xátum bhíl-ii pahúrta asaám ___ the uṛ-íi=ee
Gloss (with missing item): elder meeting finished become.PPTC"=GEN after 1PL.ACC ___ to let-3SG=Q
The English translation of this sentence is:`Will the elder let us leave after the meeting is over?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of them with permissive semantics. One is the Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various other complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the postposition the `to', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the indicative.
A: word: ɡhaṇḍ-í	 gloss: tie-CV
B: word: bainií	 gloss: go.VN
C: word: b-ainií	 gloss: go-VN
D: word: sam-ainií	 gloss: build-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 595:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhaḍeeró miṭínɡ xátum bhíl-ii pahúrta asaám b-ainií ___ uṛ-íi=ee
Gloss (with missing item): elder meeting finished become.PPTC"=GEN after 1PL.ACC go-VN ___ let-3SG=Q
The English translation of this sentence is:`Will the elder let us leave after the meeting is over?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Permissive predicates.} When uṛí- `pour, let out' is used as a complement"=taking verb, it occurs in two different constructions, both of the morpheme ___m with permissive semantics. One is the morpheme ___ Verbal Noun strategy ((v)), also occurring in various othe morpheme ___r complement clauses (see \sectref{subsec:13-5-1}), followed by the morpheme ___ postposition the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___', as shown in (\ref{ex:13-178}) and (\ref{ex:13-179}). This is used in the morpheme ___ indicative.
A: word: the-íim	 gloss: do-CPRD
B: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
C: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
D: word: the	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 596:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhaḍeeró miṭínɡ xátum bhíl-ii pahúrta ___ b-ainií the uṛ-íi=ee
Gloss (with missing item): elder meeting finished become.PPTC"=GEN after ___ go-VN to let-3SG=Q
The English translation of this sentence is:`Will the elder let us leave after the meeting is over?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that the manipulee of the main verb is coreferent with the agent of the complement verb but is assigned case by the main verb, thus coded accusatively in (\ref{ex:13-179}).
A: word: asaám	 gloss: 1PL.ACC
B: word: tanaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
C: word: baasaá	 gloss: spend.night.CV
D: word: yaá	 gloss: or
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 597:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhaḍeeró miṭínɡ xátum bhíl-ii pahúrta asaám ___ the uṛ-íi=ee
Gloss (with missing item): elder meeting finished become.PPTC"=GEN after 1PL.ACC ___ to let-3SG=Q
The English translation of this sentence is:`Will the elder let us leave after the meeting is over?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that the manipulee of the main verb is coreferent with the agent of the complement verb but is assigned case by the main verb, thus coded accusatively in (\ref{ex:13-179}).
A: word: bainií	 gloss: go.VN
B: word: kaakaá	 gloss: uncle
C: word: sam-ainií	 gloss: build-VN
D: word: b-ainií	 gloss: go-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 598:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhaḍeeró miṭínɡ xátum bhíl-ii pahúrta asaám b-ainií ___ uṛ-íi=ee
Gloss (with missing item): elder meeting finished become.PPTC"=GEN after 1PL.ACC go-VN ___ let-3SG=Q
The English translation of this sentence is:`Will the elder let us leave after the meeting is over?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that the morpheme ___ manipulee of the morpheme ___ main verb is coreferent with the morpheme ___ agent of the morpheme ___ complement verb but is assigned case by the morpheme ___ main verb, thus coded accusatively in (\ref{ex:13-179}).
A: word: man"=ainíi	 gloss: say-VN
B: word: the	 gloss: to
C: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
D: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 599:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ṛo uṛí ta ___ d-íi
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.DIST.NOM let.IMP.SG SUB ___ give-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Let him sing!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The other strategy, involving the particle ta (iv), is used in the Imperative, with the literal rendering `let x (out), and x will do y'. Whereas in the strategy above the complement clause is embedded, the complement clause in this construction, seen in (\ref{ex:13-180}), is S-like and extraposed. The main verb does not assign case to the manipulee/complement clause agent in this construction.
A: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
B: word: rhoo-á	 gloss: song-PL
C: word: dac̣h-áaṭ-u	 gloss: look-AG"=MSG
D: word: rhoó	 gloss: song
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 600:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ṛo uṛí ta rhoó ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.DIST.NOM let.IMP.SG SUB song ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Let him sing!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The other strategy, involving the particle ta (iv), is used in the Imperative, with the literal rendering `let x (out), and x will do y'. Whereas in the strategy above the complement clause is embedded, the complement clause in this construction, seen in (\ref{ex:13-180}), is S-like and extraposed. The main verb does not assign case to the manipulee/complement clause agent in this construction.
A: word: d-úum	 gloss: give-1SG
B: word: d-íin	 gloss: give-3PL
C: word: d-íi	 gloss: give-3SG
D: word: bharíiw-a	 gloss: husband-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C