cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 173:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ma ___ ḍhak"=ainíi=ee piaalá ma díi lháast-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM 1SG.NOM ___ touch-VN=CNJ cup 1SG.NOM from drop.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He bumped me, so I dropped the cup.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A construction involving a~Verbal Noun,\footnote{To what degree any of the case suffixes in the examples from Biori correspond to the (possibly conjunctive) clitic ee in the Ashret example remains at this point an~unanswered question.} also used to imply simultaneity (see \sectref{subsec:13-4-1}), can also be used to signal causality, as in (\ref{ex:13-87})--(\ref{ex:13-89}).
A: word: aḍaphará	 gloss: halfways
B: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
C: word: ziaarat-íim	 gloss: shrine-PL.OBL
D: word: pharé	 gloss: toward
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 174:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ma pharé ___ piaalá ma díi lháast-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM 1SG.NOM toward ___ cup 1SG.NOM from drop.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He bumped me, so I dropped the cup.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A construction involving a~Verbal Noun,\footnote{To what degree any of the case suffixes in the examples from Biori correspond to the (possibly conjunctive) clitic ee in the Ashret example remains at this point an~unanswered question.} also used to imply simultaneity (see \sectref{subsec:13-4-1}), can also be used to signal causality, as in (\ref{ex:13-87})--(\ref{ex:13-89}).
A: word: haát	 gloss: hand
B: word: ṭhak"=ainií	 gloss: shake.down-VN
C: word: ḍhak-áan-u	 gloss: touch-PRS"=MSG
D: word: ḍhak"=ainíi=ee	 gloss: touch-VN=CNJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 175:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ boór bhe táai ɡúum
Gloss (with missing item): ___ bored become.CV from.there go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was bored, so I left.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: ma	 gloss: 1SG.NOM
B: word: thíil-u	 gloss: do.PFV"=MSG
C: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
D: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 176:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___ bhe táai ɡúum
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM ___ become.CV from.there go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was bored, so I left.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: kaantíiru	 gloss: fool
B: word: zoór	 gloss: power
C: word: sastíil-u	 gloss: heal.PFV"=MSG
D: word: boór	 gloss: bored
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 177:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma boór ___ táai ɡúum
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM bored ___ from.there go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I was bored, so I left.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: bhe	 gloss: become.CV
B: word: bhešóol-u	 gloss: sit.down.CAUS.PFV"=MSG
C: word: lhéṇḍ-u	 gloss: bald-MSG
D: word: ɡhin-í	 gloss: take.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 178:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ xálaka qalánɡ na d-áa bhaá ba uḍheew-í ɡíia
Gloss (with missing item): ___ people tax NEG give-INF be.able.to.CV TOP flee-CV go.PFV.MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people were not able to pay the taxes, so they left, fleeing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cathe morpheme ___s of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is uthe morpheme ___d, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: áɡar	 gloss: if
B: word: seéb	 gloss: sir
C: word: paidáa	 gloss: born
D: word: se	 gloss: DEF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 179:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se ___ qalánɡ na d-áa bhaá ba uḍheew-í ɡíia
Gloss (with missing item): DEF ___ tax NEG give-INF be.able.to.CV TOP flee-CV go.PFV.MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people were not able to pay the taxes, so they left, fleeing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: róot-a	 gloss: night-OBL
B: word: xálak-a	 gloss: people-PL
C: word: xálak-a	 gloss: people-PL
D: word: xálaka	 gloss: people
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 180:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se xálaka ___ na d-áa bhaá ba uḍheew-í ɡíia
Gloss (with missing item): DEF people ___ NEG give-INF be.able.to.CV TOP flee-CV go.PFV.MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people were not able to pay the taxes, so they left, fleeing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: náqal	 gloss: copying
B: word: qalánɡ	 gloss: tax
C: word: kaakaá	 gloss: uncle
D: word: paiseé	 gloss: money.PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 181:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se xálaka qalánɡ ___ d-áa bhaá ba uḍheew-í ɡíia
Gloss (with missing item): DEF people tax ___ give-INF be.able.to.CV TOP flee-CV go.PFV.MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people were not able to pay the taxes, so they left, fleeing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of interthe morpheme ___l causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
B: word: tarkaaṇ-íi	 gloss: carpenter-GEN
C: word: na	 gloss: NEG
D: word: bhešóol-u	 gloss: sit.down.CAUS.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 182:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se xálaka qalánɡ na ___ bhaá ba uḍheew-í ɡíia
Gloss (with missing item): DEF people tax NEG ___ be.able.to.CV TOP flee-CV go.PFV.MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people were not able to pay the taxes, so they left, fleeing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: d-áa	 gloss: give-INF
B: word: čhéeli	 gloss: goat
C: word: d-áan-u	 gloss: give-PRS"=MSG
D: word: man-áa	 gloss: say-INF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 183:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se xálaka qalánɡ na d-áa ___ ba uḍheew-í ɡíia
Gloss (with missing item): DEF people tax NEG give-INF ___ TOP flee-CV go.PFV.MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people were not able to pay the taxes, so they left, fleeing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: bhaá	 gloss: be.able.to.CV
B: word: kareé=ɡale	 gloss: when=ever
C: word: ɡhiin-u=bhaáu	 gloss: take.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ
D: word: bhe	 gloss: become.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 184:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se xálaka qalánɡ na d-áa bhaá ___ uḍheew-í ɡíia
Gloss (with missing item): DEF people tax NEG give-INF be.able.to.CV ___ flee-CV go.PFV.MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The people were not able to pay the taxes, so they left, fleeing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For most cases of internal causality, where the same"=subject condition holds, the Converb construction is used, as in (\ref{ex:13-90}) and (\ref{ex:13-91}).
A: word: saat-óoi	 gloss: take.care-IMP.PL
B: word: yaába	 gloss: or
C: word: bay-áa	 gloss: go-INF
D: word: ba	 gloss: TOP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 185:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): ___ reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can althe morpheme ___ be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reathe morpheme ___n', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: soóč	 gloss: thinking
B: word: palóol-a	 gloss: steal.PFV"=MPL
C: word: so	 gloss: DEF.MSG.NOM
D: word: haát	 gloss: hand
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 186:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ___ ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM ___ TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `its gloss ___', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: wáǰa	 gloss: reason
B: word: čooṇṭéel-i	 gloss: embroider.PPTC-F
C: word: keé	 gloss: why
D: word: raaǰaá	 gloss: king
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 187:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ___ eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason ___ 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verthe morpheme ___l Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: náin-u	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS"=MSG
B: word: nawaab-í	 gloss: prince-GEN
C: word: ba	 gloss: TOP
D: word: yaába	 gloss: or
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 188:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba ___ ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP ___ COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: eeṛó	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.NOM
B: word: eeṛé	 gloss: 3FSG.DIST.NOM
C: word: ṣiṣ	 gloss: head
D: word: bhraawéeli	 gloss: brotherhood
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 189:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ___ so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM ___ DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: ki	 gloss: COMP
B: word: kir	 gloss: snow
C: word: šúur	 gloss: father.in.law
D: word: ɡubáa	 gloss: what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 190:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki ___ lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP ___ younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can althe morpheme ___ be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reathe morpheme ___n', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: soóč	 gloss: thinking
B: word: nawaab-á	 gloss: prince-OBL
C: word: puróoṇ-a	 gloss: old-OBL
D: word: so	 gloss: DEF.MSG.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 191:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so ___ brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM ___ brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: lhookbáabu	 gloss: father's.younger.brother
B: word: purúuṇ-u	 gloss: old-MSG
C: word: lhookeer-ó	 gloss: younger-MSG
D: word: teṇ	 gloss: RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C