cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 192:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó ___ so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG ___ DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
B: word: míi	 gloss: 1SG.GEN
C: word: bhraapútr	 gloss: nephew
D: word: brhóo	 gloss: brother
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 193:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo ___ kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother ___ shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can althe morpheme ___ be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reathe morpheme ___n', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: čhéeli	 gloss: goat
B: word: so	 gloss: DEF{\protect\footnotemark}
C: word: ziaát	 gloss: most
D: word: soóč	 gloss: thinking
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 194:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so ___ pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} ___ along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: uǰut-í	 gloss: body-OBL
B: word: kaná	 gloss: shoulder.OBL
C: word: utrap-íim	 gloss: run-CPRD
D: word: kanáa	 gloss: like.what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 195:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná ___ ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL ___ throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: pharé	 gloss: along
B: word: ṣaawaá	 gloss: MANIP
C: word: aḍaphará	 gloss: halfways
D: word: aǰdahaá	 gloss: dragon
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 196:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ___ wheél-u de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along ___ bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: pakaár	 gloss: need
B: word: man-í	 gloss: say-CV
C: word: ɡal-í	 gloss: throw-CV
D: word: uṛiɡal-íia	 gloss: abandon-1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 197:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í ___ de ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV ___ PST HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: baalbač-á	 gloss: child-PL
B: word: ɡeél-i	 gloss: throw.PFV-F
C: word: wháat-u	 gloss: come.down.PFV"=MSG
D: word: wheél-u	 gloss: bring.down.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 198:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u ___ ḍóo the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG ___ HOST do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~the morpheme ___penthe morpheme ___nt clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: náhin-a	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS"=MPL
B: word: de	 gloss: PST
C: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
D: word: kh-óo	 gloss: eat-3SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 199:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ___ the eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST ___ do.CV 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: heentá	 gloss: CONDL
B: word: mehmaan-aán	 gloss: guest-PL
C: word: ḍóo	 gloss: HOST
D: word: putr-óom	 gloss: son-PL.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 200:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so wáǰa ba eeṛó ki so lhookeer-ó brhóo so kaná pharé ɡal-í wheél-u de ḍóo ___ eetasíi asár tas the phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM reason TOP 3SG.DIST.NOM COMP DEF.MSG.NOM younger-MSG brother DEF{\protect\footnotemark} shoulder.OBL along throw-CV bring.down.PFV"=MSG PST HOST ___ 3SG.GEN effect 3SG.REM.ACC to arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Because [lit: for the reason that] he had carried his younger brother on his shoulders, he was afflicted.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the morpheme ___ latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: the	 gloss: do.CV
B: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
C: word: ǰéel-i	 gloss: give.birth.PFV-F
D: word: breéx	 gloss: pain
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 201:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): čhéeli ___ čit"=aníi ǰhulí ɡhrast-í iṣkáar bhíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): goat ___ think-VN on wolf-GEN prey become.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Since the goat didn't really think, she fell prey to the wolf.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps interthe morpheme ___l in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: ninaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
B: word: na	 gloss: NEG
C: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
D: word: qisá	 gloss: story
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 202:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): čhéeli na ___ ǰhulí ɡhrast-í iṣkáar bhíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): goat NEG ___ on wolf-GEN prey become.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Since the goat didn't really think, she fell prey to the wolf.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisation of wáǰa `reason', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postposition, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: atsharíit"=am	 gloss: Ashreti-PL.OBL
B: word: man"=ainíi	 gloss: say-VN
C: word: kráam	 gloss: work
D: word: čit"=aníi	 gloss: think-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 203:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): čhéeli na čit"=aníi ___ ɡhrast-í iṣkáar bhíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): goat NEG think-VN ___ wolf-GEN prey become.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Since the goat didn't really think, she fell prey to the wolf.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Causality (perhaps internal in particular) can also be expressed in a~more explicit way, for instance as in (\ref{ex:13-92}), through a~relativisatiits gloss ___ of wáǰa `reasits gloss ___', a~noun borrowed from Pashto, or a~dependent clause with a~Verbal Noun and a~postpositiits gloss ___, the latter exemplified in (\ref{ex:13-93}).
A: word: sastíil-u	 gloss: heal.PFV"=MSG
B: word: oór	 gloss: and
C: word: ǰhulí	 gloss: on
D: word: bhakulíil-u	 gloss: fatten.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 204:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yhóol-u seentá misrí díi tsaṭák hóons-a
Gloss (with missing item): ___ come.PFV"=MSG CONDH mason from hammer stay-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the mason comes, he would have [i.e., usually has] a~hammer.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Assumed conditionality.} Conditionals under this heading partly match what \citet[255--256]{thompsonetal2007} refer to as reality conditionals. Here we find the conditionally marked clauses that are most closely related to temporality and causality as described above. Often the conditionally marked clause is equally translatable with `when{\ldots}' and `if{\ldots}' (and, especially with past"=time reference, `whenever'). The typical construction is a~finite (often perfective) `when'/`if'-clause with the conditionality marker seentá (B síinta), followed by an~imperfective `then'-clause. They describe a~condition that usually holds, especially in a~more generic sense, or used to do so in the past. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-94})--(\ref{ex:13-97}).
A: word: iškaarí	 gloss: hunter
B: word: misrí	 gloss: mason
C: word: phará	 gloss: yonder
D: word: zamindaár	 gloss: farmer
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 205:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): misrí ___ seentá misrí díi tsaṭák hóons-a
Gloss (with missing item): mason ___ CONDH mason from hammer stay-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the mason comes, he would have [i.e., usually has] a~hammer.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Assumed conditionality.} Conditionals under this heading partly match what \citet[255--256]{thompsonetal2007} refer to as reality conditionals. Here we find the conditionally marked clauses that are most closely related to temporality and causality as described above. Often the conditionally marked clause is equally translatable with `when{\ldots}' and `if{\ldots}' (and, especially with past"=time reference, `whenever'). The typical construction is a~finite (often perfective) `when'/`if'-clause with the conditionality marker seentá (B síinta), followed by an~imperfective `then'-clause. They describe a~condition that usually holds, especially in a~more generic sense, or used to do so in the past. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-94})--(\ref{ex:13-97}).
A: word: yhóol-u	 gloss: come.PFV"=MSG
B: word: khóol-u	 gloss: eat.PFV"=MSG
C: word: phoó	 gloss: boy
D: word: ukháat-u	 gloss: come.up.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 206:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): misrí yhóol-u ___ misrí díi tsaṭák hóons-a
Gloss (with missing item): mason come.PFV"=MSG ___ mason from hammer stay-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the mason comes, he would have [i.e., usually has] a~hammer.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Assumed conditionality.} Conditionals under this heading partly match what \citet[255--256]{thompsonetal2007} refer to as reality conditionals. Here we find the conditionally marked clauses that are most closely related to temporality and causality as described above. Often the conditionally marked clause is equally translatable with `when{\ldots}' and `if{\ldots}' (and, especially with past"=time reference, `whenever'). The typical construction is a~finite (often perfective) `when'/`if'-clause with the conditionality marker the morpheme ___ (B síinta), followed by an~imperfective `then'-clause. They describe a~condition that usually holds, especially in a~more generic sense, or used to do so in the past. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-94})--(\ref{ex:13-97}).
A: word: heentá	 gloss: CONDL
B: word: ɡéeḍ-i	 gloss: big-F
C: word: seentá	 gloss: CONDH
D: word: pičha-aníi	 gloss: sweep-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 207:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ṭhak"=ainií waxt bhíl-u seentá yh-íin de
Gloss (with missing item): ___ shake.down-VN time become.PFV"=MSG CONDH come-3PL PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`When it became the season for picking walnuts, they would come here.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Assumed conditionality.} Conditionals under this heading partly match what \citet[255--256]{thompsonetal2007} refer to as reality conditionals. Here we find the conditionally marked clauses that are most closely related to temporality and causality as described above. Often the conditionally marked clause is equally translatable with `when{\ldots}' and `if{\ldots}' (and, especially with past"=time reference, `whenever'). The typical construction is a~finite (often perfective) `when'/`if'-clause with the conditionality marker seentá (B síinta), followed by an~imperfective `then'-clause. They describe a~condition that usually holds, especially in a~more generic sense, or used to do so in the past. Examples are given in (\ref{ex:13-94})--(\ref{ex:13-97}).
A: word: ac̣húuṛi-m	 gloss: walnut.tree-PL
B: word: muxáak	 gloss: before
C: word: muṭ	 gloss: tree
D: word: bac̣húuṛu	 gloss: calf
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A