cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 104:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoó patuɡiraá ___ dac̣h-íim áa dand-á patú haát čula-íim ac̣híi-am díi fanaá bhíl-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): boy back ___ look-CPRD IDEF ridge-OBL behind hand wave-CPRD eye-PL.OBL from annihilation become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The boy kept looking back until he disappeared behind a~ridge, still waving his hand.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, an~accompanying circumstance, or further specification of the action carried out by the subject, is sometimes, as in (\ref{ex:13-69}) and (\ref{ex:13-70}), expressed with the more restricted Copredicative Participle (construction~(vii) above).
A: word: the-íim	 gloss: do-CPRD
B: word: dac̣h-íi	 gloss: look-3SG
C: word: dac̣h-íim	 gloss: look-CPRD
D: word: putr	 gloss: son
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 105:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoó patuɡiraá dac̣h-íim ___ áa dand-á patú haát čula-íim ac̣híi-am díi fanaá bhíl-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): boy back look-CPRD ___ IDEF ridge-OBL behind hand wave-CPRD eye-PL.OBL from annihilation become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The boy kept looking back until he disappeared behind a~ridge, still waving his hand.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, an~accompanying circumstance, or further specification of the action carried out by the subject, is sometimes, as in (\ref{ex:13-69}) and (\ref{ex:13-70}), expressed with the more restricted Copredicative Participle (construction~(vii) above).
A: word: díiš-a	 gloss: village-OBL
B: word: dac̣h-íi	 gloss: look-3SG
C: word: dac̣h-íim	 gloss: look-CPRD
D: word: the-íim	 gloss: do-CPRD
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 106:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoó patuɡiraá dac̣h-íim dac̣h-íim áa dand-á patú ___ čula-íim ac̣híi-am díi fanaá bhíl-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): boy back look-CPRD look-CPRD IDEF ridge-OBL behind ___ wave-CPRD eye-PL.OBL from annihilation become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The boy kept looking back until he disappeared behind a~ridge, still waving his hand.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, an~accompanying circumstance, or further specification of the action carried out by the subject, is sometimes, as in (\ref{ex:13-69}) and (\ref{ex:13-70}), expressed with the more restricted Copredicative Participle (construction~(vii) above).
A: word: haát	 gloss: hand
B: word: háat"=am	 gloss: hand-INS
C: word: bh-éen-i	 gloss: become-PRS-F
D: word: mhaás	 gloss: meat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 107:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoó patuɡiraá dac̣h-íim dac̣h-íim áa dand-á patú haát ___ ac̣híi-am díi fanaá bhíl-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): boy back look-CPRD look-CPRD IDEF ridge-OBL behind hand ___ eye-PL.OBL from annihilation become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The boy kept looking back until he disappeared behind a~ridge, still waving his hand.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, an~accompanying circumstance, or further specification of the action carried out by the subject, is sometimes, as in (\ref{ex:13-69}) and (\ref{ex:13-70}), expressed with the more restricted Copredicative Participle (construction~(vii) above).
A: word: the-íim	 gloss: do-CPRD
B: word: muṣṭú	 gloss: before
C: word: čula-íim	 gloss: wave-CPRD
D: word: xalk-íim	 gloss: people-PL.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 108:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bac̣húuṛu be ba ___ yh"=ainií ba páand na léed-i se bac̣húuṛ-a
Gloss (with missing item): calf go.CV TOP ___ come-VN TOP path NEG find.PFV-F DEF calf-OBL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The calf went [in], but as it was coming back, it didn't find its way, the calf.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbal Noun occurs alone, as in (\ref{ex:13-71}), or with a~postposition maǰí `in,
A: word: patuɡiraák	 gloss: back
B: word: the-íim	 gloss: do-CPRD
C: word: ɡhireé	 gloss: again
D: word: patuɡiraá	 gloss: back
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 109:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bac̣húuṛu be ba patuɡiraá ___ ba páand na léed-i se bac̣húuṛ-a
Gloss (with missing item): calf go.CV TOP back ___ TOP path NEG find.PFV-F DEF calf-OBL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The calf went [in], but as it was coming back, it didn't find its way, the calf.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verbal Noun occurs alone, as in (\ref{ex:13-71}), or with a~postposition maǰí `in,
A: word: yh"=ainií	 gloss: come-VN
B: word: th"=ainií	 gloss: do-VN
C: word: deníi	 gloss: give.VN
D: word: b-ainií	 gloss: go-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 110:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bac̣húuṛu be ba patuɡiraá yh"=ainií ___ páand na léed-i se bac̣húuṛ-a
Gloss (with missing item): calf go.CV TOP back come-VN ___ path NEG find.PFV-F DEF calf-OBL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The calf went [in], but as it was coming back, it didn't find its way, the calf.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Verthe morpheme ___l Noun occurs alone, as in (\ref{ex:13-71}), or with a~postposition maǰí `in,
A: word: yaába	 gloss: or
B: word: ba	 gloss: TOP
C: word: atshareet-á	 gloss: Ashret-OBL
D: word: moosím	 gloss: weather
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 111:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ___ th"=ainií maǰí rhoó d-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM ___ do-VN in song do-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He sings while working.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: among' (\ref{ex:13-72}) or sanɡí `with'. If there is a~subject shift between
A: word: kráam-a	 gloss: work-OBL
B: word: ɡhíin-u	 gloss: take.PPTC.MSG
C: word: kráam	 gloss: work
D: word: siɡréṭ	 gloss: cigarette
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so kráam ___ maǰí rhoó d-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM work ___ in song do-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He sings while working.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: among' (\ref{ex:13-72}) or sanɡí `with'. If there is a~subject shift between
A: word: th"=ainií	 gloss: do-VN
B: word: yh"=ainií	 gloss: come-VN
C: word: wheel-í	 gloss: take.down-CV
D: word: thainií	 gloss: do.VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so kráam th"=ainií ___ rhoó d-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM work do-VN ___ song do-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He sings while working.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: among' (\ref{ex:13-72}) or sanɡí `with'. If there is a~subject shift between
A: word: maǰí	 gloss: in
B: word: maǰí-e	 gloss: in-GEN
C: word: wée)	 gloss: in]
D: word: qalánɡ	 gloss: tax
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yhaí ___ ṭék-a d-aini-eé huṇḍ-íi utrapíl-i hín-i se míiš kh"=ainií the
Gloss (with missing item): come.CV ___ peak-OBL give-VN"=INCL above-GEN run.PFV-F be.PRS-F DEF man eat-VN to
The English translation of this sentence is:`As he reached the peak, she came running down [from it], ready to eat the man.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:13-73}) and (\ref{ex:13-74}), with a~suffix -eé,\footnote{Probably it is accent"=bearing and possibly identical to the suffix coding inclusivity, uthe morpheme ___d with numerals, the morpheme ___e \the morpheme ___ctref{subthe morpheme ___c:6-4-1}.} which functions as a~switch"=reference marker similar to the contrast between
A: word: se	 gloss: DEF
B: word: faaidá=ee	 gloss: benefit=CNJ
C: word: ɣeirat"=xaán	 gloss: Ghairat.Khan
D: word: seéb	 gloss: sir
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yhaí se ___ d-aini-eé huṇḍ-íi utrapíl-i hín-i se míiš kh"=ainií the
Gloss (with missing item): come.CV DEF ___ give-VN"=INCL above-GEN run.PFV-F be.PRS-F DEF man eat-VN to
The English translation of this sentence is:`As he reached the peak, she came running down [from it], ready to eat the man.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:13-73}) and (\ref{ex:13-74}), with a~suffix -eé,\footnote{Probably it is accent"=bearing and possibly identical to the suffix coding inclusivity, used with numerals, see \sectref{subsec:6-4-1}.} which functions as a~switch"=reference marker similar to the contrast between
A: word: ṭék-a	 gloss: peak-OBL
B: word: muṣṭúk-a	 gloss: of.past-MPL
C: word: praš-í	 gloss: slope-OBL
D: word: the-íim	 gloss: do-CPRD
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): yhaí se ṭék-a ___ huṇḍ-íi utrapíl-i hín-i se míiš kh"=ainií the
Gloss (with missing item): come.CV DEF peak-OBL ___ above-GEN run.PFV-F be.PRS-F DEF man eat-VN to
The English translation of this sentence is:`As he reached the peak, she came running down [from it], ready to eat the man.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:13-73}) and (\ref{ex:13-74}), with a~suffix -eé,\footnote{Probably it is accent"=bearing and possibly identical to the suffix coding inclusivity, used with numerals, see \sectref{subsec:6-4-1}.} which functions as a~switch"=reference marker similar to the contrast between
A: word: phedíl-i	 gloss: arrive.PFV-F
B: word: báaba	 gloss: father.OBL
C: word: d-ainií	 gloss: give-VN
D: word: d-aini-eé	 gloss: give-VN"=INCL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ katoolíi-a wée ač-aníi sanɡi-eé lhooméea se míiš-a ḍáḍi išaará thíil-u, thanaáu dhrak-é
Gloss (with missing item): ___ fodder.sack-OBL in enter-VN with-INCL fox.OBL DEF man-OBL toward hint do.PFV"=MSG string pull-IMP.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Just as the dragon went into the sack, the fox signaled to the man to pull the string.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:13-73}) and (\ref{ex:13-74}), with a~suffix -eé,\footnote{Probably it is accent"=bearing and possibly identical to the suffix coding inclusivity, used with numerals, see \sectref{subsec:6-4-1}.} which functions as a~switch"=reference marker similar to the contrast between
A: word: ṭhaaṭáaku	 gloss: monster
B: word: aǰdahaá	 gloss: dragon
C: word: mhaás	 gloss: meat
D: word: seentá	 gloss: CONDH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 118:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aǰdahaá ___ wée ač-aníi sanɡi-eé lhooméea se míiš-a ḍáḍi išaará thíil-u, thanaáu dhrak-é
Gloss (with missing item): dragon ___ in enter-VN with-INCL fox.OBL DEF man-OBL toward hint do.PFV"=MSG string pull-IMP.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Just as the dragon went into the sack, the fox signaled to the man to pull the string.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:13-73}) and (\ref{ex:13-74}), with a~suffix -eé,\footnote{Probably it is accent"=bearing and possibly identical to the suffix coding inclusivity, used with numerals, see \sectref{subsec:6-4-1}.} which functions as a~switch"=reference marker similar to the contrast between
A: word: katoolíi-a	 gloss: fodder.sack-OBL
B: word: pándee	 gloss: for
C: word: booǰée	 gloss: bag.OBL
D: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aǰdahaá katoolíi-a ___ ač-aníi sanɡi-eé lhooméea se míiš-a ḍáḍi išaará thíil-u, thanaáu dhrak-é
Gloss (with missing item): dragon fodder.sack-OBL ___ enter-VN with-INCL fox.OBL DEF man-OBL toward hint do.PFV"=MSG string pull-IMP.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Just as the dragon went into the sack, the fox signaled to the man to pull the string.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:13-73}) and (\ref{ex:13-74}), with a~suffix -eé,\footnote{Probably it is accent"=bearits gloss ___g and possibly identical to the suffix codits gloss ___g its gloss ___clusivity, used with numerals, see \sectref{subsec:6-4-1}.} which functions as a~switch"=reference marker similar to the contrast between
A: word: wée	 gloss: in
B: word: dawéel-i	 gloss: ask.for.PFV-F
C: word: ǰhuṭá	 gloss: dirty
D: word: wée)	 gloss: in]
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aǰdahaá katoolíi-a wée ___ sanɡi-eé lhooméea se míiš-a ḍáḍi išaará thíil-u, thanaáu dhrak-é
Gloss (with missing item): dragon fodder.sack-OBL in ___ with-INCL fox.OBL DEF man-OBL toward hint do.PFV"=MSG string pull-IMP.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Just as the dragon went into the sack, the fox signaled to the man to pull the string.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:13-73}) and (\ref{ex:13-74}), with a~suffix -eé,\footnote{Probably it is accent"=bearing and possibly identical to the suffix coding inclusivity, used with numerals, see \sectref{subsec:6-4-1}.} which functions as a~switch"=reference marker similar to the contrast between
A: word: d-ainií	 gloss: give-VN
B: word: bainií	 gloss: go.VN
C: word: ač-aníi	 gloss: enter-VN
D: word: bheš-aníi	 gloss: sit.down-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aǰdahaá katoolíi-a wée ač-aníi ___ lhooméea se míiš-a ḍáḍi išaará thíil-u, thanaáu dhrak-é
Gloss (with missing item): dragon fodder.sack-OBL in enter-VN ___ fox.OBL DEF man-OBL toward hint do.PFV"=MSG string pull-IMP.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Just as the dragon went into the sack, the fox signaled to the man to pull the string.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:13-73}) and (\ref{ex:13-74}), with a~suffix -eé,\footnote{Probably it is accent"=bearing and possibly identical to the suffix coding inclusivity, used with numerals, see \sectref{subsec:6-4-1}.} which functions as a~switch"=reference marker similar to the contrast between
A: word: kaakeṛ	 gloss: Kakel
B: word: ḍhanɡiǰíl-i	 gloss: be.buried.PFV-F
C: word: čureé	 gloss: four.INCL
D: word: sanɡi-eé	 gloss: with-INCL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): deerá šíiṭi siɡréṭ dhrak-í ba ___ maxadúši wée tasíi putr tas the dac̣h-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): room inside cigarette pull-CV TOP ___ front.of in 3SG.GEN son 3SG.ACC to look-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`As he sat smoking in the room, his son was looking at him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A somewhat parallel strategy is the use of the Agentive Verbal Noun and bhe- `become', (\ref{ex:13-75})--(\ref{ex:13-76}), literally `became an~onlooker, became goers', etc., referred to above as construction~(vi). With this construction, however, it is not always obvious which event is backgrounded and which one is foregrounded.
A: word: sastíil-u	 gloss: heal.PFV"=MSG
B: word: lesée	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.GEN
C: word: tasíi	 gloss: 3SG.GEN
D: word: eetasíi	 gloss: 3SG.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C