cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 155:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoo-íi ɡhooṣṭ-íi tarap-íi tasíi axpul-aán kuṛíina míiš-a teeṇíi se bhoóy ___ the bi-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): boy-GEN house-GEN direction-GEN 3SG.GEN relative-PL woman.PL man-PL REFL DEF daughter"=in"=law ___ to go-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The relatives, men and women from the boy's house, are going there, to see their daughter"=in law.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauses expressing the purpose for an~event to be carried out usually have an~implicit human subject coreferential with the (normally) explicit subject of the main clause \citep[337]{givon2001b}. The construction used, a~Verbal Noun followed by the postposition the `to', parallels such ``dative'' purpose clauses found in many other languages \citep[251--252]{thompsonetal2007}. The finite verb in sentences, such as (\ref{ex:13-81})--(\ref{ex:13-82}), is almost invariably an~intransitive motion verb ye- `come', ukhé- `come up', whe- `come down', be- `go', etc.
A: word: bheš-ainií	 gloss: sit.down-VN
B: word: th"=ainií	 gloss: do-VN
C: word: islaamabaad-á	 gloss: Islamabad-OBL
D: word: paš-ainií	 gloss: see-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 156:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): phoo-íi ɡhooṣṭ-íi tarap-íi tasíi axpul-aán kuṛíina míiš-a teeṇíi se bhoóy paš-ainií ___ bi-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): boy-GEN house-GEN direction-GEN 3SG.GEN relative-PL woman.PL man-PL REFL DEF daughter"=in"=law see-VN ___ go-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The relatives, men and women from the boy's house, are going there, to see their daughter"=in law.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauses expressing the morpheme ___ purpose for an~event its gloss ___ be carried out usually have an~implicit human subject coreferential with the morpheme ___ (normally) explicit subject of the morpheme ___ main clause \citep[337]{givon2001b}. The construction used, a~Verbal Noun followed by the morpheme ___ postposition the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___', parallels such ``dative'' purpose clauses found in many othe morpheme ___r languages \citep[251--252]{thompsonetal2007}. The finite verb in sentences, such as (\ref{ex:13-81})--(\ref{ex:13-82}), is almost invariably an~intransitive motion verb ye- `come', ukhé- `come up', whe- `come down', be- `go', etc.
A: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
B: word: the	 gloss: to
C: word: thaní	 gloss: QUOT
D: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 157:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): théeba se iṇc̣ kaṭamuš-á the óol thawaá ___ the ɡíia hín-a
Gloss (with missing item): then 3PL.NOM bear Katamosh-OBL to watch make.do.CV ___ to go.PFV.MPL be.PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then they made the bear stay with Katamosh and went to get bowls [lit: for bowls].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, the verb itself is implicit in the purpose clause, and instead the direct object argument, looṛíia `bowls' in (\ref{ex:13-83}), receives the dative marking.
A: word: looṛíi-a	 gloss: bowl-PL
B: word: táma	 gloss: waiting
C: word: looṛíi-am	 gloss: bowl-PL.OBL
D: word: iliaás	 gloss: Elijah
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 158:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): théeba se iṇc̣ kaṭamuš-á the óol thawaá looṛíi-am ___ ɡíia hín-a
Gloss (with missing item): then 3PL.NOM bear Katamosh-OBL to watch make.do.CV bowl-PL.OBL ___ go.PFV.MPL be.PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then they made the bear stay with Katamosh and went to get bowls [lit: for bowls].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Often, the morpheme ___ verb itself is implicit in the morpheme ___ purpose clause, and instead the morpheme ___ direct object argument, looṛíia `bowls' in (\ref{ex:13-83}), receives the morpheme ___ dative marking.
A: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
B: word: bhe	 gloss: become.CV
C: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
D: word: the	 gloss: to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 159:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ th"=ainií dapáara tanaám maǰí áak qabúl th-áan-u ki ma bhíiru ɡhin-í thíi ɡhooṣṭ-á the yh-úum
Gloss (with missing item): ___ do-VN for 3PL.ACC among one consent do-PRS"=MSG COMP 1SG.NOM he.goat take-CV 2SG.GEN house-OBL to come-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`In order to form a~brotherhood, one of them agrees to bring a~male goat to the other person's house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purpose is also quite often explicitly expressed by the postposition dapáara `for, for the sake of' (a Pashto loan) following the Verbal Noun, as in (\ref{ex:13-84}) or (in B), the postposition pándee `for, for the sake of' following the Verbal Noun in the genitive, as in (\ref{ex:13-85}).
A: word: ǰarɡá	 gloss: council
B: word: muṛ-u=bhaáu	 gloss: die.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ
C: word: bhraawú	 gloss: brother.PL
D: word: bhraawéeli	 gloss: brotherhood
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 160:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bhraawéeli ___ dapáara tanaám maǰí áak qabúl th-áan-u ki ma bhíiru ɡhin-í thíi ɡhooṣṭ-á the yh-úum
Gloss (with missing item): brotherhood ___ for 3PL.ACC among one consent do-PRS"=MSG COMP 1SG.NOM he.goat take-CV 2SG.GEN house-OBL to come-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`In order to form a~brotherhood, one of them agrees to bring a~male goat to the other person's house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purpose is also quite often explicitly expressed by the postposition dapáara `for, for the sake of' (a Pashto loan) following the Verbal Noun, as in (\ref{ex:13-84}) or (in B), the postposition pándee `for, for the sake of' following the Verbal Noun in the genitive, as in (\ref{ex:13-85}).
A: word: yhaí	 gloss: come.CV
B: word: yh"=ainií	 gloss: come-VN
C: word: thainií	 gloss: do.VN
D: word: th"=ainií	 gloss: do-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 161:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bhraawéeli th"=ainií ___ tanaám maǰí áak qabúl th-áan-u ki ma bhíiru ɡhin-í thíi ɡhooṣṭ-á the yh-úum
Gloss (with missing item): brotherhood do-VN ___ 3PL.ACC among one consent do-PRS"=MSG COMP 1SG.NOM he.goat take-CV 2SG.GEN house-OBL to come-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`In order to form a~brotherhood, one of them agrees to bring a~male goat to the other person's house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purpose is also quite often explicitly expressed by the postposition the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___, its gloss ___ the sake of' (a Pashto loan) following the Verbal Noun, as in (\ref{ex:13-84}) or (in B), the postposition pándee `its gloss ___, its gloss ___ the sake of' following the Verbal Noun in the genitive, as in (\ref{ex:13-85}).
A: word: oór	 gloss: and
B: word: páta	 gloss: knowledge
C: word: bakáara	 gloss: flock
D: word: dapáara	 gloss: for
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 162:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhooṣṭ-á baás de ba patuɡiraák ___ dac̣h-aníi-e pándee ɡhireé ɡáu
Gloss (with missing item): house-OBL shelter give.CV TOP back ___ look-VN"=GEN for again go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After spending the night at home, he went back again to look at them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purpose is also quite often explicitly expressed by the postposition dapáara `for, for the sake of' (a Pashto loan) following the Verbal Noun, as in (\ref{ex:13-84}) or (in B), the postposition pándee `for, for the sake of' following the Verbal Noun in the genitive, as in (\ref{ex:13-85}).
A: word: muṭ-á	 gloss: tree-OBL
B: word: tenaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
C: word: inaám	 gloss: gift
D: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 163:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhooṣṭ-á baás de ba patuɡiraák tenaám ___ pándee ɡhireé ɡáu
Gloss (with missing item): house-OBL shelter give.CV TOP back 3PL.ACC ___ for again go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After spending the night at home, he went back again to look at them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purpose is also quite often explicitly expressed by the postposition dapáara `for, for the sake of' (a Pashto loan) following the Verbal Noun, as in (\ref{ex:13-84}) or (in B), the postposition pándee `for, for the sake of' following the Verbal Noun in the genitive, as in (\ref{ex:13-85}).
A: word: yaá	 gloss: or
B: word: dac̣h-aníi-e	 gloss: look-VN"=GEN
C: word: th-eníi-e	 gloss: do-VN"=GEN
D: word: baraaníi-e	 gloss: foreigner-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 164:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhooṣṭ-á baás de ba patuɡiraák tenaám dac̣h-aníi-e ___ ɡhireé ɡáu
Gloss (with missing item): house-OBL shelter give.CV TOP back 3PL.ACC look-VN"=GEN ___ again go.PFV.MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After spending the night at home, he went back again to look at them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Purpose is also quite often explicitly expressed by the postposition dapáara `its gloss ___, its gloss ___ the sake of' (a Pashto loan) following the Verbal Noun, as in (\ref{ex:13-84}) or (in B), the postposition the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___, its gloss ___ the sake of' following the Verbal Noun in the genitive, as in (\ref{ex:13-85}).
A: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
B: word: pándee	 gloss: for
C: word: oór	 gloss: and
D: word: muṛ-u=bhaáu	 gloss: die.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 165:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma bhanǰóol-u ta ru-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1SG.NOM beat.PFV"=MSG SUB cry-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Jangul beat me, so therefore I am weeping.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For external causality, the preferred strategy is, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-86}), the already mentioned finite different"=subject construction with ta.
A: word: ɡáu	 gloss: go.PFV.MSG
B: word: ḍhanɡóol-u	 gloss: bury.PFV"=MSG
C: word: ṣaawaá	 gloss: MANIP
D: word: ǰaanɡul-á	 gloss: Jangul-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 166:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ǰaanɡul-á ___ bhanǰóol-u ta ru-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): Jangul-OBL ___ beat.PFV"=MSG SUB cry-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Jangul beat me, so therefore I am weeping.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For external causality, the preferred strategy is, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-86}), the already mentioned finite different"=subject construction with ta.
A: word: muqarár	 gloss: fixing
B: word: ma	 gloss: 1SG.NOM
C: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
D: word: lhéṇḍ-u	 gloss: bald-MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 167:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ǰaanɡul-á ma ___ ta ru-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): Jangul-OBL 1SG.NOM ___ SUB cry-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Jangul beat me, so therefore I am weeping.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For external causality, the preferred strategy is, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-86}), the already mentioned finite different"=subject construction with ta.
A: word: bhanǰa-wóol-u	 gloss: beat-CAUS.PFV"=MSG
B: word: bhanǰóol-u	 gloss: beat.PFV"=MSG
C: word: kh-ainíi	 gloss: eat-VN
D: word: khooǰóol-u	 gloss: ask.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 168:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ǰaanɡul-á ma bhanǰóol-u ___ ru-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): Jangul-OBL 1SG.NOM beat.PFV"=MSG ___ cry-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Jangul beat me, so therefore I am weeping.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: For external causality, the preferred strategy is, as can be seen in (\ref{ex:13-86}), the already mentioned finite different"=subject construction with the morpheme ___.
A: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
B: word: yaar-íi	 gloss: friend-GEN
C: word: bhoóy	 gloss: daughter"=in"=law
D: word: ta	 gloss: SUB
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 169:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dawainíi-a ɣeiratxaan-á ba tes teeṇíi ɡhúuṛu tés=te de ba tes har-í har-í raulée phará the ba nawaab-í ḍáḍi lanɡúul-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ ask.VN"=OBL Ghairat.Khan-OBL TOP 3SG.ACC REFL horse 3SG.ACC=to give-CV TOP 3SG.ACC take.away-CV take.away-CV Lowari.OBL through do.CV TOP prince-GEN side take.across.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Asking him for shelter, Ghairat Khan gave him his own horse and took him across Lowari to the territory of the prince [of Dir].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A construction involving a~Verbal Noun,\footnote{To what degree any of the case suffixes in the examples from Biori correspond to the (possibly conjunctive) clitic ee in the Ashret example remains at this point an~unanswered question.} also used to imply simultaneity (see \sectref{subsec:13-4-1}), can also be used to signal causality, as in (\ref{ex:13-87})--(\ref{ex:13-89}).
A: word: panaahí	 gloss: shelter
B: word: dúu	 gloss: two
C: word: aaraám	 gloss: resting
D: word: pirsaahíb	 gloss: Pir.Sahib
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 170:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): panaahí ___ ɣeiratxaan-á ba tes teeṇíi ɡhúuṛu tés=te de ba tes har-í har-í raulée phará the ba nawaab-í ḍáḍi lanɡúul-u
Gloss (with missing item): shelter ___ Ghairat.Khan-OBL TOP 3SG.ACC REFL horse 3SG.ACC=to give-CV TOP 3SG.ACC take.away-CV take.away-CV Lowari.OBL through do.CV TOP prince-GEN side take.across.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Asking him for shelter, Ghairat Khan gave him his own horse and took him across Lowari to the territory of the prince [of Dir].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A construction involving a~Verbal Noun,\footnote{To what degree any of the case suffixes in the examples from Biori correspond to the (possibly conjunctive) clitic ee in the Ashret example remains at this point an~unanswered question.} also used to imply simultaneity (see \sectref{subsec:13-4-1}), can also be used to signal causality, as in (\ref{ex:13-87})--(\ref{ex:13-89}).
A: word: khooǰ-ainií	 gloss: ask-VN
B: word: khayí	 gloss: which
C: word: dawainíi-a	 gloss: ask.VN"=OBL
D: word: bhanǰ-ainíi-a	 gloss: beat-VN"=OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 171:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma pharé ḍhak"=ainíi=ee piaalá ma díi lháast-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1SG.NOM toward touch-VN=CNJ cup 1SG.NOM from drop.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He bumped me, so I dropped the cup.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A construction involving a~Verbal Noun,\footnote{To what degree any of the case suffixes in the examples from Biori correspond to the (possibly conjunctive) clitic ee in the Ashret example remains at this point an~unanswered question.} althe morpheme ___ used to imply simultaneity (see \sectref{subsec:13-4-1}), can althe morpheme ___ be used to signal causality, as in (\ref{ex:13-87})--(\ref{ex:13-89}).
A: word: soóč	 gloss: thinking
B: word: so	 gloss: 3SG.NOM
C: word: madád	 gloss: help
D: word: dhii-á	 gloss: daughter-PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 172:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ___ pharé ḍhak"=ainíi=ee piaalá ma díi lháast-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM ___ toward touch-VN=CNJ cup 1SG.NOM from drop.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He bumped me, so I dropped the cup.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A construction involving a~Verbal Noun,\footnote{To what degree any of the case suffixes in the examples from Biori correspond to the (possibly conjunctive) clitic ee in the Ashret example rethe morpheme ___ins at this point an~unanswered question.} also used to imply simultaneity (see \sectref{subsec:13-4-1}), can also be used to signal causality, as in (\ref{ex:13-87})--(\ref{ex:13-89}).
A: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
B: word: nisíi	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.GEN
C: word: ma	 gloss: 1SG.NOM
D: word: bharíiw-a	 gloss: husband-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C