cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 70:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kareé=ɡale se ___ ta asím tenaám ḍhanɡéel"=im
Gloss (with missing item): when=ever 3PL.NOM ___ SUB 1PL.ERG 3PL.ACC bury.PFV"=FPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`When they died, we buried them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subsequential reading is contextually implicit rather than explicit in the examples given so far. However, a~separate temporal conjunction kareéɡale or kareé ɡalé ki `when' can also (especially in B), as seen in (\ref{ex:13-56}), be added to the ta-construction to make this reading obvious. This distinguishes it more clearly from simple clause chaining.
A: word: múṛ-u	 gloss: die.PFV"=MSG
B: word: pakaár	 gloss: need
C: word: múṛ-im	 gloss: die.PFV"=FPL
D: word: múṛ-im	 gloss: die.PFV-FPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 71:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kareé=ɡale se múṛ-im ___ asím tenaám ḍhanɡéel"=im
Gloss (with missing item): when=ever 3PL.NOM die.PFV"=FPL ___ 1PL.ERG 3PL.ACC bury.PFV"=FPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`When they died, we buried them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subsequential reading is contextually implicit rather than explicit in the examples given so far. However, a~separate temporal conjunction kareéɡale or kareé ɡalé ki `when' can also (especially in B), as seen in (\ref{ex:13-56}), be added to the the morpheme ___-construction to make this reading obvious. This distinguishes it more clearly from simple clause chaining.
A: word: saat-áan-u=ee	 gloss: keep-PRS"=MSG=Q
B: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
C: word: ta	 gloss: SUB
D: word: ǰhaníi	 gloss: wedding.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 72:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kareé=ɡale ki sastíil-u ta ṣuú itlaá phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): ___ when=ever COMP heal.PFV"=MSG COMP king message arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had become healthy, the king heard about it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction has characteristics of a~relative clause (see also \sectref{subsec:13-6-2}), like a~number of similar temporal adverbial constructions in the world's languages \citep[246--247]{thompsonetal2007}, which is even more obvious in (\ref{ex:13-57}).
A: word: tilíl-i	 gloss: walk.PFV-F
B: word: dawainíi-a	 gloss: ask.VN"=OBL
C: word: hasó	 gloss: 3MSG.NOM
D: word: hasé	 gloss: REM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 73:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): hasó ___ ki sastíil-u ta ṣuú itlaá phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM ___ COMP heal.PFV"=MSG COMP king message arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had become healthy, the king heard about it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction has characteristics of a~relative clause (see also \sectref{subsec:13-6-2}), like a~number of similar temporal adverbial constructions in the world's languages \citep[246--247]{thompsonetal2007}, which is even more obvious in (\ref{ex:13-57}).
A: word: ɡá=ɡala	 gloss: what=ever
B: word: šúi	 gloss: good.F
C: word: kasée=ɡale	 gloss: who.GEN=ever
D: word: kareé=ɡale	 gloss: when=ever
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 74:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): hasó kareé=ɡale ___ sastíil-u ta ṣuú itlaá phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM when=ever ___ heal.PFV"=MSG COMP king message arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had become healthy, the king heard about it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction has characteristics of a~relative clause (see also \sectref{subsec:13-6-2}), like a~number of similar temporal adverbial constructions in the world's languages \citep[246--247]{thompsonetal2007}, which is even more obvious in (\ref{ex:13-57}).
A: word: uḍhíiw"=um	 gloss: flee-1SG
B: word: ki	 gloss: COMP
C: word: kir	 gloss: snow
D: word: theníi	 gloss: do.VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 75:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): hasó kareé=ɡale ki ___ ta ṣuú itlaá phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM when=ever COMP ___ COMP king message arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had become healthy, the king heard about it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction has characteristics of a~relative clause (see also \sectref{subsec:13-6-2}), like a~number of similar temporal adverbial constructions in the world's languages \citep[246--247]{thompsonetal2007}, which is even more obvious in (\ref{ex:13-57}).
A: word: thíil-u	 gloss: do.PFV"=MSG
B: word: mheeríl-u	 gloss: kill.PFV"=MSG
C: word: táru	 gloss: quickly
D: word: sastíil-u	 gloss: heal.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 76:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): hasó kareé=ɡale ki sastíil-u ___ ṣuú itlaá phedíl-i
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM when=ever COMP heal.PFV"=MSG ___ king message arrive.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had become healthy, the king heard about it.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: This construction has characteristics of a~relative clause (see also \sectref{subsec:13-6-2}), like a~number of similar temporal adverbial constructions in the world's languages \citep[246--247]{thompsonethe morpheme ___l2007}, which is even more obvious in (\ref{ex:13-57}).
A: word: čhéeli	 gloss: goat
B: word: preṣ	 gloss: mother.in.law
C: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
D: word: ta	 gloss: COMP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 77:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ǰéel-i c̣hiír taap-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): ___ give.birth.PFV-F milk heat.up-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`When it [the goat] has given birth, its milk is heated.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A finite temporal clause with the morpheme ___ and without ta (\ref{ex:13-58}) is also possible.
A: word: šúul-a	 gloss: sheaf-OBL
B: word: kareé=ɡale	 gloss: when=ever
C: word: kareé	 gloss: when
D: word: tií	 gloss: until
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 78:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kareé ___ c̣hiír taap-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): when ___ milk heat.up-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`When it [the goat] has given birth, its milk is heated.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A finite temporal clause with kareé and without ta (\ref{ex:13-58}) is also possible.
A: word: bhíl-i	 gloss: become.PFV-F
B: word: biǰéel-i	 gloss: several-F
C: word: ǰéel-i	 gloss: give.birth.PFV-F
D: word: ɡhin-í	 gloss: take-CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 79:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ǰe ɡúum"=ii pahúrta tas yhéel-i audás
Gloss (with missing item): ___ up.to go.PPTC.MSG"=GEN after 3SG.ACC come.PFV-F urge
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had left for Ijdur, he felt a~need to relieve himself.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perfective Participle clauses with a~postposition, such as pahúrta, baád, patú, all glossed as `after', are also used in temporal subsequence (construction~(iv)), thereby giving them an explicit ``temporal anteriority'' reading \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. pahúrta (in (\ref{ex:13-59})) and baád (in (\ref{ex:13-60})) each govern the genitive case of the participle, whereas patú (in (\ref{ex:13-61})) takes the nominative. The latter seems to occur only in B.
A: word: óo	 gloss: o
B: word: kaṭamuš-á	 gloss: Katamosh-OBL
C: word: iẓḍúuṛ-a	 gloss: Ijdur-OBL
D: word: bac̣húuṛ-a	 gloss: calf-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 80:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): iẓḍúuṛ-a ___ ɡúum"=ii pahúrta tas yhéel-i audás
Gloss (with missing item): Ijdur-OBL ___ go.PPTC.MSG"=GEN after 3SG.ACC come.PFV-F urge
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had left for Ijdur, he felt a~need to relieve himself.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perfective Participle clauses with a~postposition, such as pahúrta, baád, patú, all glossed as `after', are also used in temporal subsequence (construction~(iv)), thereby giving them an explicit ``temporal anteriority'' reading \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. pahúrta (in (\ref{ex:13-59})) and baád (in (\ref{ex:13-60})) each govern the genitive case of the participle, whereas patú (in (\ref{ex:13-61})) takes the nominative. The latter seems to occur only in B.
A: word: ǰe	 gloss: up.to
B: word: ǰeníi-e	 gloss: fire.VN"=GEN
C: word: mulaakoór	 gloss: Mullahkor
D: word: man"=ainíi	 gloss: say-VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 81:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): iẓḍúuṛ-a ǰe ___ pahúrta tas yhéel-i audás
Gloss (with missing item): Ijdur-OBL up.to ___ after 3SG.ACC come.PFV-F urge
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had left for Ijdur, he felt a~need to relieve himself.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perfective Participle clauses with a~postposition, such as pahúrta, baád, patú, all glossed as `after', are also used in temporal subsequence (construction~(iv)), thereby giving them an explicit ``temporal anteriority'' reading \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. pahúrta (in (\ref{ex:13-59})) and baád (in (\ref{ex:13-60})) each govern the genitive case of the participle, whereas patú (in (\ref{ex:13-61})) takes the nominative. The latter seems to occur only in B.
A: word: ṣaawóol"=ii	 gloss: put.on.PPTC.MSG"=GEN
B: word: ɡúum"=ii	 gloss: go.PPTC.MSG"=GEN
C: word: iẓḍúuṛ-a	 gloss: Ijdur-OBL
D: word: támbul"=am"=ii	 gloss: drum-PL.OBL"=GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 82:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): iẓḍúuṛ-a ǰe ɡúum"=ii ___ tas yhéel-i audás
Gloss (with missing item): Ijdur-OBL up.to go.PPTC.MSG"=GEN ___ 3SG.ACC come.PFV-F urge
The English translation of this sentence is:`When he had left for Ijdur, he felt a~need to relieve himself.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perfective Participle clauses with a~postposition, such as the morpheme ___, baád, patú, all glossed as `its gloss ___', are also used in temporal subsequence (construction~(iv)), thereby giving them an explicit ``temporal anteriority'' reading \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. the morpheme ___ (in (\ref{ex:13-59})) and baád (in (\ref{ex:13-60})) each govern the genitive case of the participle, whereas patú (in (\ref{ex:13-61})) takes the nominative. The latter seems to occur only in B.
A: word: thée	 gloss: then
B: word: pahúrta	 gloss: after
C: word: katoolíi-a	 gloss: fodder.sack-OBL
D: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 83:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ baád dúi bhíiru mheeríl-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ after another he.goat kill.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After he had put it on, he killed another male goat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perfective Participle clauses with a~postposition, such as pahúrta, baád, patú, all glossed as `after', are also used in temporal subsequence (construction~(iv)), thereby giving them an explicit ``temporal anteriority'' reading \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. pahúrta (in (\ref{ex:13-59})) and baád (in (\ref{ex:13-60})) each govern the genitive case of the participle, whereas patú (in (\ref{ex:13-61})) takes the nominative. The latter seems to occur only in B.
A: word: haár	 gloss: defeat
B: word: ɡúum"=ii	 gloss: go.PPTC.MSG"=GEN
C: word: ṣaawóol"=ii	 gloss: put.on.PPTC.MSG"=GEN
D: word: phedóol"=ii	 gloss: arrive.with.PPTC"=GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 84:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ṣaawóol"=ii ___ dúi bhíiru mheeríl-u
Gloss (with missing item): put.on.PPTC.MSG"=GEN ___ another he.goat kill.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`After he had put it on, he killed another male goat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perfective Participle clauses with a~postposition, such as pahúrta, the morpheme ___, patú, all glossed as `its gloss ___', are also used in temporal subsequence (construction~(iv)), thereby giving them an explicit ``temporal anteriority'' reading \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. pahúrta (in (\ref{ex:13-59})) and the morpheme ___ (in (\ref{ex:13-60})) each govern the genitive case of the participle, whereas patú (in (\ref{ex:13-61})) takes the nominative. The latter seems to occur only in B.
A: word: islaamabaád	 gloss: Islamabad
B: word: baád	 gloss: after
C: word: malɡíri-m	 gloss: companion-PL.OBL
D: word: thée	 gloss: then
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 85:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ patú ǰumeet-í the ba-yáan-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ after mosque-OBL to go-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I have taken it [a bath], I go to the mosque.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perfective Participle clauses with a~postposition, such as pahúrta, baád, patú, all glossed as `after', are also used in temporal subsequence (construction~(iv)), thereby giving them an explicit ``temporal anteriority'' reading \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. pahúrta (in (\ref{ex:13-59})) and baád (in (\ref{ex:13-60})) each govern the genitive case of the participle, whereas patú (in (\ref{ex:13-61})) takes the nominative. The latter seems to occur only in B.
A: word: ɡhiin-u=bhaáu	 gloss: take.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ
B: word: ɡhíin-i	 gloss: take.PFV-F
C: word: ɡhíin-u	 gloss: take.PPTC.MSG
D: word: ɡal-úum	 gloss: throw-1SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 86:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhíin-u ___ ǰumeet-í the ba-yáan-u
Gloss (with missing item): take.PPTC.MSG ___ mosque-OBL to go-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I have taken it [a bath], I go to the mosque.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Perfective Participle clauses with a~postposition, such as pahúrta, baád, the morpheme ___, all glossed as `its gloss ___', are also used in temporal subsequence (construction~(iv)), thereby giving them an explicit ``temporal anteriority'' reading \citep[159]{cristofaro2005}. pahúrta (in (\ref{ex:13-59})) and baád (in (\ref{ex:13-60})) each govern the genitive case of the participle, whereas the morpheme ___ (in (\ref{ex:13-61})) takes the nominative. The latter seems to occur only in B.
A: word: kanáa	 gloss: like.what
B: word: patú	 gloss: after
C: word: thée	 gloss: then
D: word: patráak	 gloss: back
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 87:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhaḍeerá phed-í laṣ čax ___ ɡhin-í se taáǰ čhiníl-i čhin-í rumeel-í maǰí de ǰeep-í=ee dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): elder.OBL arrive-CV completely swiftly ___ take-CV DEF crown cut.PFV-F cut-CV handkerchief-OBL in put.CV pocket-OBL=into put.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The older [brother] came, took a~knife, and cut off the crown. Having cut it off, he wrapped it in a~handkerchief and then put it into his pocket.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{Subsequence cum instrument.} The temporal subsequence reading of the Converb construction shades off into what can be seen as expressing instrument or supplying the main verb with a~manner specification and is especially relevant for converbs formed from transitive verbs of motion, as in examples (\ref{ex:13-62})--(\ref{ex:13-65}), such as ɡhín- `take', de- `put, give', ɡaḍé- `take out', ɡhašé- `take hold of, grab', ɡalé- `throw'. With some of these converbs we may very well witness a~further grammaticalisation into postpositions or, alternatively, the development of compound verbs (see \sectref{subsec:8-6-2}).
A: word: béeriṣ-a	 gloss: summer-OBL
B: word: kaṭéeri	 gloss: knife
C: word: tukṛá	 gloss: piece
D: word: wée	 gloss: into
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B