cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 71:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aáǰ peexáur-a muč-í ___ hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): today Peshawar-OBL rain-CV ___ be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Today it has been raining in Peshawar.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even in the A variety, this construction (but with an~added present copula) is used for hearsay, as in (\ref{ex:9-35}), or inferentially (by seeing water on the ground and subsequently reporting it to another person who has not been able to infer it), as in (\ref{ex:9-36}). However, it may still be in free variation with the regular Perfect.
A: word: muṣṭúk-a	 gloss: of.past-MPL
B: word: heensíl-a	 gloss: stay.PFV"=MPL
C: word: dac̣h-áaṭ-u	 gloss: look-AG"=MSG
D: word: heensíl-u	 gloss: stay.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 72:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aáǰ peexáur-a muč-í heensíl-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): today Peshawar-OBL rain-CV stay.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Today it has been raining in Peshawar.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even in the A variety, this construction (but with an~added present copula) is used for hearsay, as in (\ref{ex:9-35}), or inferentially (by seeing water on the ground and subsequently reporting it to another person who has not been able to infer it), as in (\ref{ex:9-36}). However, it may still be in free variation with the regular Perfect.
A: word: dhríṣṭ-u	 gloss: see.PFV"=MSG
B: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
C: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
D: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 73:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aní ɡhooṣṭ-á ráanɡ kií ___ hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): PROX house-OBL paint who.OBL ___ be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who painted this house?/Who has painted this house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrast between these is illustrated in (\ref{ex:9-37}) and (\ref{ex:9-38}). Example (\ref{ex:9-37}) refers to an~event with present time relevance and a~still visible result, a~recently painted house, hence Perfect, while (\ref{ex:9-38}) has past"=time relevance only, i.e., a~house that was built but had been torn down prior to the utterance, hence Pluperfect.
A: word: čhúuṇ-u	 gloss: put.PFV"=MSG
B: word: dít-u	 gloss: give.PFV"=MSG
C: word: dít-ii	 gloss: give.PPTC"=GEN
D: word: ɡíia	 gloss: go.PFV.PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 74:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aní ɡhooṣṭ-á ráanɡ kií dít-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): PROX house-OBL paint who.OBL give.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who painted this house?/Who has painted this house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrast between these is illustrated in (\ref{ex:9-37}) and (\ref{ex:9-38}). Example (\ref{ex:9-37}) refers to an~event with present time relevance and a~still visible result, a~recently painted house, hence Perfect, while (\ref{ex:9-38}) has past"=time relevance only, i.e., a~house that was built but had been torn down prior to the utterance, hence Pluperfect.
A: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
B: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
C: word: bh"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: become-OBLG
D: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 75:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): anú ɡhoóṣṭ kií ___ de
Gloss (with missing item): PROX.MSG.NOM house who.OBL ___ PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who built this house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrast between these is illustrated in (\ref{ex:9-37}) and (\ref{ex:9-38}). Example (\ref{ex:9-37}) refers to an~event with present time relevance and a~still visible result, a~recently painted house, hence Perfect, while (\ref{ex:9-38}) has past"=time relevance only, i.e., a~house that was built but had been torn down prior to the utterance, hence Pluperfect.
A: word: samóol-u	 gloss: build.PFV"=MSG
B: word: čhúuṇ-u	 gloss: put.PFV"=MSG
C: word: tsak-áan-u	 gloss: lick-PRS"=MSG
D: word: samóol-íi	 gloss: build.PPTC"=GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 76:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): anú ɡhoóṣṭ kií samóol-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): PROX.MSG.NOM house who.OBL build.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who built this house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrast between these is illustrated in (\ref{ex:9-37}) and (\ref{ex:9-38}). Example (\ref{ex:9-37}) refers to an~event with present time relevance and a~still visible result, a~recently painted house, hence Perfect, while (\ref{ex:9-38}) has past"=time relevance only, i.e., a~house that was built but had been torn down prior to the utterance, hence Pluperfect.
A: word: de	 gloss: PST
B: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
C: word: čooṇṭéel-i	 gloss: embroider.PPTC-F
D: word: náhin-a	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 77:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aní ɡhooṣṭ-á ráanɡ kií ___ hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): PROX house-OBL paint who.OBL ___ be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who painted this house?/Who has painted this house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrast between these is illustrated in (\ref{ex:9-37}) and (\ref{ex:9-38}). Example (\ref{ex:9-37}) refers to an~event with present time relevance and a~still visible result, a~recently painted house, hence Perfect, while (\ref{ex:9-38}) has past"=time relevance only, i.e., a~house that was built but had been torn down prior to the utterance, hence Pluperfect.
A: word: ǰhóon-a	 gloss: know-3SG
B: word: dít-u	 gloss: give.PFV"=MSG
C: word: dít-ii	 gloss: give.PPTC"=GEN
D: word: čhúuṇ-u	 gloss: put.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 78:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aní ɡhooṣṭ-á ráanɡ kií dít-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): PROX house-OBL paint who.OBL give.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who painted this house?/Who has painted this house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrast between these is illustrated in (\ref{ex:9-37}) and (\ref{ex:9-38}). Example (\ref{ex:9-37}) refers to an~event with present time relevance and a~still visible result, a~recently painted house, hence Perfect, while (\ref{ex:9-38}) has past"=time relevance only, i.e., a~house that was built but had been torn down prior to the utterance, hence Pluperfect.
A: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
B: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
C: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
D: word: thaníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 79:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): anú ɡhoóṣṭ kií ___ de
Gloss (with missing item): PROX.MSG.NOM house who.OBL ___ PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who built this house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrast between these is illustrated in (\ref{ex:9-37}) and (\ref{ex:9-38}). Example (\ref{ex:9-37}) refers to an~event with present time relevance and a~still visible result, a~recently painted house, hence Perfect, while (\ref{ex:9-38}) has past"=time relevance only, i.e., a~house that was built but had been torn down prior to the utterance, hence Pluperfect.
A: word: ǰhóon-um	 gloss: know-1SG
B: word: samóol-íi	 gloss: build.PPTC"=GEN
C: word: čhúuṇ-u	 gloss: put.PFV"=MSG
D: word: samóol-u	 gloss: build.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 80:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): anú ɡhoóṣṭ kií samóol-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): PROX.MSG.NOM house who.OBL build.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Who built this house?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The contrast between these is illustrated in (\ref{ex:9-37}) and (\ref{ex:9-38}). Example (\ref{ex:9-37}) refers to an~event with present time relevance and a~still visible result, a~recently painted house, hence Perfect, while (\ref{ex:9-38}) has past"=time relevance only, i.e., a~house that was built but had been torn down prior to the utterance, hence Pluperfect.
A: word: mheeríl-u	 gloss: kill.PFV"=MSG
B: word: de	 gloss: PST
C: word: náhin-a	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS"=MPL
D: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 81:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): atáa ɡíia ta dóodu ayaan=miír ta ǰáand-u hín-u, xaamaár ba ___ de
Gloss (with missing item): there go.PFV.PL SUB grandfather Ayan=Mir CNTR alive-MSG be.PRS"=MSG dragon TOP ___ PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`When they came there, grandfather Ayan Mir was alive, but the dragon had been killed.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In narratives, the Pluperfect is used to refer to an~event taking place prior to, and thus contrasting with, the time line of the story (which normally would be related with the Simple Past), as in (\ref{ex:9-39}).
A: word: mheeríl-u	 gloss: kill.PFV"=MSG
B: word: mheeríl-ii	 gloss: die.PPTC"=GEN
C: word: muč-úui	 gloss: open-IMP.PL
D: word: mheeríl-a	 gloss: kill.PFV"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 82:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): atáa ɡíia ta dóodu ayaan=miír ta ǰáand-u hín-u, xaamaár ba mheeríl-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): there go.PFV.PL SUB grandfather Ayan=Mir CNTR alive-MSG be.PRS"=MSG dragon TOP kill.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`When they came there, grandfather Ayan Mir was alive, but the dragon had been killed.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In narratives, the Pluperfect is used to refer to an~event taking place prior to, and thus contrasting with, the time line of the story (which normally would be related with the Simple Past), as in (\ref{ex:9-39}).
A: word: yhóol-a	 gloss: come.PFV"=MPL
B: word: náhin-a	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS"=MPL
C: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
D: word: de	 gloss: PST
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 83:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): áak haftá muṣṭú ___ de
Gloss (with missing item): one week back ___ PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] saw him a~week ago.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There seems to be a~drift towards a~use of Pluperfect as a~general remote past, not an~uncommon development generally \citep[147]{dahl1985}, and in the region in particular. However, that is not to say that the two constructions~-- Simple Past and Pluperfect~-- would therefore be in totally free variation when referring to remote past, although I am not able to pinpoint exactly where the dividing line goes. The utterance in (\ref{ex:9-40}) is an~answer to the question whether the speaker had met the other person recently, and it could perhaps be that it is the temporal adverbial phrase that somehow favours the Pluperfect, but this is so far only speculative on my part.
A: word: dhríṣṭ-u	 gloss: see.PFV"=MSG
B: word: muč-úui	 gloss: open-IMP.PL
C: word: dhríɡ-i	 gloss: long-F
D: word: dac̣híl-u	 gloss: look.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 84:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): áak haftá muṣṭú dhríṣṭ-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): one week back see.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`[I] saw him a~week ago.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There seems to be a~drift towards a~use of Pluperfect as a~general remote past, not an~uncommon the morpheme ___velopment generally \citep[147]{dahl1985}, and in the region in particular. However, that is not to say that the two constructions~-- Simple Past and Pluperfect~-- would therefore be in totally free variation when referring to remote past, although I am not able to pinpoint exactly where the dividing line goes. The utterance in (\ref{ex:9-40}) is an~answer to the question whether the speaker had met the other person recently, and it could perhaps be that it is the temporal adverbial phrase that somehow favours the Pluperfect, but this is so far only speculative on my part.
A: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
B: word: de	 gloss: PST
C: word: náhin-a	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS"=MPL
D: word: mhaar-íiṛ	 gloss: kill-2SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 85:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dhoóṛ ma yhóol-a díi muṣṭú tíi dúu xat-í ___
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday 1SG.NOM come.PPTC"=OBL from back 3SG.OBL two letter-PL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I came yesterday, he had [just] written two letters.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another possible indication of which category to use seems to be related to whether or not a~measurable chunk of time (exactly how long is probably not that important) can be considered to have elapsed between the event~-- or the end"=point of the event if durative~-- and the time of reference, as contrasted with the event coinciding too closely with the time of reference. This again points to the Pluperfect as developing a~secondary sense of temporal remoteness. This can be seen when comparing examples (\ref{ex:9-41}) and (\ref{ex:9-42}) (both part of the questionnaire prepared by \citet{dahl1985} and applied to Palula), where the former uses the Simple Past and the latter the Pluperfect.
A: word: čooṇṭéel-im	 gloss: write.PFV"=FPL
B: word: čooṇṭéel"=im	 gloss: write.PFV"=FPL
C: word: dít-im	 gloss: give.PFV"=FPL
D: word: bh-úum	 gloss: become-1SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 86:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dhoóṛ ma ɡhooṣṭ-a yhóol-u ta tíi dúu xat-í ___ de
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday 1SG.NOM house-OBL come.PFV"=MSG SUB 3SG.OBL two letter-PL ___ PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I came home yesterday, he had written two letters [during my absence].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another possible indication of which category to use seems to be related to whether or not a~measurable chunk of time (exactly how long is probably not that important) can be considered to have elapsed between the event~-- or the end"=point of the event if durative~-- and the time of reference, as contrasted with the event coinciding too closely with the time of reference. This again points to the Pluperfect as developing a~secondary sense of temporal remoteness. This can be seen when comparing examples (\ref{ex:9-41}) and (\ref{ex:9-42}) (both part of the questionnaire prepared by \citet{dahl1985} and applied to Palula), where the former uses the Simple Past and the latter the Pluperfect.
A: word: čooṇṭéel"=im	 gloss: write.PFV"=FPL
B: word: dít-im	 gloss: give.PFV"=FPL
C: word: niweš-í	 gloss: write-CV
D: word: čooṇṭéel-im	 gloss: write.PFV"=FPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 87:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dhoóṛ ma ɡhooṣṭ-a yhóol-u ta tíi dúu xat-í čooṇṭéel"=im ___
Gloss (with missing item): yesterday 1SG.NOM house-OBL come.PFV"=MSG SUB 3SG.OBL two letter-PL write.PFV"=FPL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`When I came home yesterday, he had written two letters [during my absence].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Another possible indication of which category to use seems to be related to whether or not a~measurable chunk of time (exactly how long is probably not that important) can be consithe morpheme ___red to have elapsed between the event~-- or the end"=point of the event if durative~-- and the time of reference, as contrasted with the event coinciding too closely with the time of reference. This again points to the Pluperfect as the morpheme ___veloping a~secondary sense of temporal remoteness. This can be seen when comparing examples (\ref{ex:9-41}) and (\ref{ex:9-42}) (both part of the questionnaire prepared by \citet{dahl1985} and applied to Palula), where the former uses the Simple Past and the latter the Pluperfect.
A: word: d-áan-u	 gloss: give-PRS"=MSG
B: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
C: word: de	 gloss: PST
D: word: náhin-a	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C