cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): míi báabu bi wháat-u ___ salaám th-íi de
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.GEN father[MSG] also come.down.PFV"=MSG ___ greeting do-3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`My father has also come, and he was telling you his greetings.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The most common way of expressing the perfect, i.e., a~reference to a~past (completed) event with current relevance, is by combining the perfective verb form with the present tense copula hin-.\footnote{This is at least the case in the A dialect, while there is reason to return to the situation in the B dialect.} Both the perfective verb and the auxiliary agree in gender and number with S, as in (\ref{ex:9-22}), or O, as in (\ref{ex:9-23}) and (\ref{ex:9-24}), according to an~ergative pattern.
A: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
B: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
C: word: khúu	 gloss: eat.3SG
D: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na ba asaám the ɡookhíi-am ___ hín-u asaám the anú alaaqá asím eé teeṇíi zoor-í baándi ɡhiin-u=bhaáu
Gloss (with missing item): NEG TOP 1PL.ACC to Chitrali-OBL.PL ___ be.PRS"=MSG 1PL.ACC to PROX.MSG.NOM area[MSG] 1PL.ERG AMPL REFL power-OBL on take.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`Neither have the Chitralis given this to us, but it is an~area conquered with our very own power.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The most common way of expressing the perfect, i.e., a~reference to a~past (completed) event with current relevance, is by combining the perfective verb form with the present tense copula hin-.\footnote{This is at least the case in the A dialect, while there is reason to return to the situation in the B dialect.} Both the perfective verb and the auxiliary agree in gender and number with S, as in (\ref{ex:9-22}), or O, as in (\ref{ex:9-23}) and (\ref{ex:9-24}), according to an~ergative pattern.
A: word: khaá	 gloss: eat.CV
B: word: dít-u	 gloss: give.PFV"=MSG
C: word: dít-ii	 gloss: give.PPTC"=GEN
D: word: čhúuṇ-u	 gloss: put.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na ba asaám the ɡookhíi-am dít-u ___ asaám the anú alaaqá asím eé teeṇíi zoor-í baándi ɡhiin-u=bhaáu
Gloss (with missing item): NEG TOP 1PL.ACC to Chitrali-OBL.PL give.PFV"=MSG ___ 1PL.ACC to PROX.MSG.NOM area[MSG] 1PL.ERG AMPL REFL power-OBL on take.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`Neither have the Chitralis given this to us, but it is an~area conquered with our very own power.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The most common way of expressing the perfect, i.e., a~reference to a~past (completed) event with current relevance, is by combining the perfective verb form with the present tense copula hin-.\footnote{This is at least the case in the A dialect, while there is reason to return to the situation in the B dialect.} Both the perfective verb and the auxiliary agree in gender and number with S, as in (\ref{ex:9-22}), or O, as in (\ref{ex:9-23}) and (\ref{ex:9-24}), according to an~ergative pattern.
A: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
B: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
C: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
D: word: dac̣h-áaṭ-u	 gloss: look-AG"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): islaám ba ___ hín-i ɡabarúuṭ-ii putr-óom
Gloss (with missing item): Islam[FSG] TOP ___ be.PRS-F Gabarut-GEN son-OBL.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is Gabarut's sons who have brought Islam [to us].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The most common way of expressing the perfect, i.e., a~reference to a~past (completed) event with current relevance, is by combining the perfective verb form with the present tense copula hin-.\footnote{This is at least the case in the A dialect, while there is reason to return to the situation in the B dialect.} Both the perfective verb and the auxiliary agree in gender and number with S, as in (\ref{ex:9-22}), or O, as in (\ref{ex:9-23}) and (\ref{ex:9-24}), according to an~ergative pattern.
A: word: aṭíl-i	 gloss: bring.PFV-F
B: word: nuuṭíl-i	 gloss: return.PFV-F
C: word: phedíl-i	 gloss: arrive.PFV-F
D: word: wháat-u	 gloss: come.down.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): islaám ba aṭíl-i ___ ɡabarúuṭ-ii putr-óom
Gloss (with missing item): Islam[FSG] TOP bring.PFV-F ___ Gabarut-GEN son-OBL.PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`It is Gabarut's sons who have brought Islam [to us].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The most common way of expressing the perfect, i.e., a~reference to a~past (completed) event with current relevance, is by combining the perfective verb form with the present tense copula hin-.\footnote{This is at least the case in the A dialect, while there is reason to return to the situation in the B dialect.} Both the perfective verb and the auxiliary agree in gender and number with S, as in (\ref{ex:9-22}), or O, as in (\ref{ex:9-23}) and (\ref{ex:9-24}), according to an~ergative pattern.
A: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
B: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
C: word: laɡaiǰ-éen-i	 gloss: be.applied-PRS-F
D: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kir ___ hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): snow ___ be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It has been snowing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An extended use of the Perfect (like in a~number of other languages, \citealt[152]{dahl1985}) is inferential. In (\ref{ex:9-25}), it has actually stopped snowing, but it is inferred from looking at the ground on the morning after a~snowfall, that it must have been snowing during the night.
A: word: dít-ii	 gloss: give.PPTC"=GEN
B: word: laɡaiǰíl-u	 gloss: be.put.PFV"=MSG
C: word: háar-um	 gloss: take-1SG
D: word: dít-u	 gloss: put.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kir dít-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): snow put.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`It has been snowing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: An extended use of the Perfect (like in a~number of other languages, \citealt[152]{dahl1985}) is inferential. In (\ref{ex:9-25}), it has actually stopped snowing, but it is inferred from looking at the ground on the morning after a~snowfall, that it must have been snowing during the night.
A: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
B: word: ɡaṭ-aa=bhóol-u	 gloss: win-INF=be.able.to.PFV"=MSG
C: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
D: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so utrap-í muṭ-á ǰe ___ hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM run-CV tree-OBL up ___ be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He ran and climbed up into a tree.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The Perfect is also used, instead of the Simple Past, in some narratives, perhaps indicating the hearsay character~-- similar to the use of maní (see \sectref{subsec:9-2-4})~-- of the narrated content, as in (\ref{ex:9-26}), which is part of a~narrative where the Perfect is used throughout.
A: word: bh-íia	 gloss: become-1PL
B: word: xátum	 gloss: finished
C: word: ukháat-u	 gloss: go.up.PFV"=MSG
D: word: nikháat-u	 gloss: appear.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so utrap-í muṭ-á ǰe ukháat-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM run-CV tree-OBL up go.up.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He ran and climbed up into a tree.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The Perfect is also used, instead of the Simple Past, in some narratives, perhaps indicating the hearsay character~-- similar to the use of maní (see \sectref{subsec:9-2-4})~-- of the narrated content, as in (\ref{ex:9-26}), which is part of a~narrative where the Perfect is used throughout.
A: word: dhríṣṭ-u	 gloss: see.PFV"=MSG
B: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
C: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
D: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ hín-u, tas xudaái ubax-íi
Gloss (with missing item): ___ be.PRS"=MSG 3SG.ACC God forgive-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He is dead now, may God grant him forgiveness.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is also what appears to be a~parallel perfect form, used in a~very similar manner to the regular Perfect, seen in (\ref{ex:9-27})--(\ref{ex:9-29}). This is formed by combining the converb (\textsc{cv}) with the present tense copula hin-.
A: word: whaí	 gloss: come.down.CV
B: word: mar-í	 gloss: die-CV
C: word: mheer-í	 gloss: kill-CV
D: word: ɣar-í	 gloss: peak-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mar-í ___ tas xudaái ubax-íi
Gloss (with missing item): die-CV ___ 3SG.ACC God forgive-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He is dead now, may God grant him forgiveness.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is also what appears to be a~parallel perfect form, used in a~very similar manner to the regular Perfect, seen in (\ref{ex:9-27})--(\ref{ex:9-29}). This is formed by combining the converb (\textsc{cv}) with the present tense copula hin-.
A: word: bh-íia	 gloss: become-1PL
B: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
C: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
D: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡíri ǰhulí xaamaár ___ de hín-u=ee
Gloss (with missing item): rock on dragon ___ give.CV PRS"=MSG=CNJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`A dragon was lying [outstretched] on a big stone, and...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is also what appears to be a~parallel perfect form, used in a~very similar manner to the regular Perfect, seen in (\ref{ex:9-27})--(\ref{ex:9-29}). This is formed by combining the converb (\textsc{cv}) with the present tense copula hin-.
A: word: háar-um	 gloss: take-1SG
B: word: čureé	 gloss: four.INCL
C: word: ɡóo=bi=na	 gloss: where=also=NEG
D: word: dhreéɡ	 gloss: stretched
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡíri ǰhulí xaamaár dhreéɡ ___ hín-u=ee
Gloss (with missing item): rock on dragon stretched ___ PRS"=MSG=CNJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`A dragon was lying [outstretched] on a big stone, and...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is also what appears to be a~parallel perfect form, used in a~very similar manner to the regular Perfect, seen in (\ref{ex:9-27})--(\ref{ex:9-29}). This is formed by combining the converb (\textsc{cv}) with the present tense copula hin-.
A: word: b-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: go-OBLG
B: word: šúi	 gloss: good.F
C: word: de	 gloss: give.CV
D: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡíri ǰhulí xaamaár dhreéɡ de ___
Gloss (with missing item): rock on dragon stretched give.CV ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`A dragon was lying [outstretched] on a big stone, and...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: There is also what appears to be a~parallel perfect form, used in a~very similar manner to the regular Perfect, seen in (\ref{ex:9-27})--(\ref{ex:9-29}). This is formed by combining the converb (\textsc{cv}) with the present tense copula hin-.
A: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: PRS"=MSG=CNJ
B: word: saat-áan-u=ee	 gloss: keep-PRS"=MSG=Q
C: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
D: word: uṛiɡal-íia	 gloss: abandon-1PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡíri ǰhulí xaamaár ___ de hín-u=ee
Gloss (with missing item): rock on dragon ___ give.CV PRS"=MSG=CNJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`A dragon was lying [outstretched] on a big stone, and...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible that the focus is on the resulting state rather than on the preceding event leading up to it in this construction, as it seems more commonly used with stative verbs and verbs with a~low degree of volitionality. It may therefore make more sense to see this as a~more lexically limited resultative construction \citep[135]{dahl1985} than a~pure perfect. In example (\ref{ex:9-29}), the temporal aspect is perhaps more that of a~pluperfect, i.e., `had its gloss ___ out'.
A: word: deés	 gloss: day
B: word: čureé	 gloss: four.INCL
C: word: dhreéɡ	 gloss: stretched
D: word: bulooṣṭéel-i	 gloss: snatch.PFV-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡíri ǰhulí xaamaár dhreéɡ ___ hín-u=ee
Gloss (with missing item): rock on dragon stretched ___ PRS"=MSG=CNJ
The English translation of this sentence is:`A dragon was lying [outstretched] on a big stone, and...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible that the focus is on the resulting state rather than on the preceding event leading up to it in this construction, as it seems more commonly used with stative verbs and verbs with a~low the morpheme ___gree of volitionality. It may therefore make more sense to see this as a~more lexically limited resultative construction \citep[135]{dahl1985} than a~pure perfect. In example (\ref{ex:9-29}), the temporal aspect is perhaps more that of a~pluperfect, i.e., `had stretched out'.
A: word: deeúl-ii	 gloss: Dir-GEN
B: word: th"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: do-OBLG
C: word: de	 gloss: give.CV
D: word: bhaá	 gloss: be.able.to.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡíri ǰhulí xaamaár dhreéɡ de ___
Gloss (with missing item): rock on dragon stretched give.CV ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`A dragon was lying [outstretched] on a big stone, and...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It is possible that the focus is on the resulting state rather than on the preceding event leading up to it in this construction, as it seems more commonly used with stative verbs and verbs with a~low degree of volitionality. It may therefore make more sense to see this as a~more lexically limited resultative construction \citep[135]{dahl1985} than a~pure perfect. In example (\ref{ex:9-29}), the temporal aspect is perhaps more that of a~pluperfect, i.e., `had stretched out'.
A: word: yúun-a	 gloss: month-OBL
B: word: saat-áan-u=ee	 gloss: keep-PRS"=MSG=Q
C: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: PRS"=MSG=CNJ
D: word: ṣuunt-u=wáand-u	 gloss: hear.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): díiš-a ba baalbač-á kuṛíina táma th-éen de: asée bharíiw-a ___ hín-a neečíir the whaal-éen mhaas-á whaal-éen
Gloss (with missing item): village-OBL TOP child-PL women.PL waiting do-3PL PST 1PL.GEN husband-PL ___ PRS"=MPL hunt do.CV bring.down-3PL meat-PL bring.down-3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the village, women and children were waiting, [saying] ``Our husbands have gone hunting. They will bring back meat''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex:9-30}) clearly illustrates the use of this resultative constructing. Here the resulting absence of the husbands, rather than their going away, is focused. The translation `our husbands are gone' may in fact the morpheme ___ the morpheme ___tter than `our husbands have gone'. Note also how it interacts with the Past Imperfective as the tense"=aspect category used for the waiting of the women and children at home, and the Future is used for the hoped for outcome in the form of fresh meat the morpheme ___ing brought home.
A: word: bel	 gloss: spade
B: word: úč-a	 gloss: few-MPL
C: word: be	 gloss: go.CV
D: word: man-í	 gloss: say-CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C