cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): díiš-a ba baalbač-á kuṛíina táma th-éen de: asée bharíiw-a be ___ neečíir the whaal-éen mhaas-á whaal-éen
Gloss (with missing item): village-OBL TOP child-PL women.PL waiting do-3PL PST 1PL.GEN husband-PL go.CV ___ hunt do.CV bring.down-3PL meat-PL bring.down-3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the village, women and children were waiting, [saying] ``Our husbands have gone hunting. They will bring back meat''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Example (\ref{ex:9-30}) clearly illustrates the use of this resultative constructing. Here the resulting absence of the husbands, rather than their going away, is focused. The translation `our husbands are gone' may in fact be better than `our husbands have gone'. Note also how it interacts with the Past Imperfective as the tense"=aspect category used for the waiting of the women and children at home, and the Future is used for the hoped for outcome in the form of fresh meat being brought home.
A: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
B: word: uth-í	 gloss: stand.up-CV
C: word: dúudu	 gloss: forefather
D: word: hín-a	 gloss: PRS"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak čhéeli maidúun-a wée du=khur-áam ǰhulí ___ hín-i
Gloss (with missing item): IDEF goat field-OBL in two=foot-OBL.PL on ___ be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`A goat has got up [i.e., is standing] on two feet in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When used with a~motion verb such as `get up', the converbal construction brings forth the adjectival meaning `is standing', as in (\ref{ex:9-31}).
A: word: uth-í	 gloss: get.up-CV
B: word: ǰhóon-a	 gloss: know-3SG
C: word: th-íia	 gloss: do-1PL
D: word: ǰamá	 gloss: collected
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak čhéeli maidúun-a wée du=khur-áam ǰhulí uth-í ___
Gloss (with missing item): IDEF goat field-OBL in two=foot-OBL.PL on get.up-CV ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`A goat has got up [i.e., is standing] on two feet in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When used with a~motion verb such as `get up', the converbal construction brings forth the adjectival meaning `is standing', as in (\ref{ex:9-31}).
A: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
B: word: laɡay"=aiṇḍeéu	 gloss: apply-OBLG
C: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
D: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 57:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zoór ǰanat-íi-e ___ hín-i
Gloss (with missing item): power paradise-OBL"=GEN ___ be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Power has come from above.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interesting thing, however, is that the regular Perfect as described in the beginning of this section, seems to be missing altogether in the B dialect. Instead, the converbal construction is widely used with intransitive verbs, as in the examples (\ref{ex:9-28}) and (\ref{ex:9-30})--(\ref{ex:9-31}), and probably marginally also with transitive verbs, as in (\ref{ex:9-32})--(\ref{ex:9-33}).\footnote{My B data, however, is too limited to the genre of narrative discourse to provide a~clear indication.}
A: word: yeí	 gloss: come.CV
B: word: kh-úum	 gloss: eat-1SG
C: word: asím	 gloss: 1PL.ERG
D: word: whaí	 gloss: come.down.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 58:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): zoór ǰanat-íi-e yeí ___
Gloss (with missing item): power paradise-OBL"=GEN come.CV ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Power has come from above.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interesting thing, however, is that the regular Perfect as described in the beginning of this section, seems to be missing altogether in the B dialect. Instead, the converbal construction is widely used with intransitive verbs, as in the examples (\ref{ex:9-28}) and (\ref{ex:9-30})--(\ref{ex:9-31}), and probably marginally also with transitive verbs, as in (\ref{ex:9-32})--(\ref{ex:9-33}).\footnote{My B data, however, is too limited to the genre of narrative discourse to provide a~clear indication.}
A: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
B: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
C: word: ši-aa=ṣáat-u	 gloss: fall.off-INF=start.PFV"=MSG
D: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 59:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): díiš-a ba baalbač-á kuṛíina táma th-éen de: asée bharíiw-a ___ hín-a neečíir the whaal-éen mhaas-á whaal-éen
Gloss (with missing item): village-OBL TOP child-PL women.PL waiting do-3PL PST 1PL.GEN husband-PL ___ PRS"=MPL hunt do.CV bring.down-3PL meat-PL bring.down-3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the village, women and children were waiting, [saying] ``Our husbands have gone hunting. They will bring back meat''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interesting thing, however, is that the regular Perfect as descrithe morpheme ___d in the the morpheme ___ginning of this section, seems to the morpheme ___ missing altogether in the B dialect. Instead, the converbal construction is widely used with intransitive verbs, as in the examples (\ref{ex:9-28}) and (\ref{ex:9-30})--(\ref{ex:9-31}), and probably marginally also with transitive verbs, as in (\ref{ex:9-32})--(\ref{ex:9-33}).\footnote{My B data, however, is too limited to the genre of narrative discourse to provide a~clear indication.}
A: word: bel	 gloss: spade
B: word: be	 gloss: go.CV
C: word: míḍ=ee	 gloss: ram=CNJ
D: word: deníi	 gloss: give.VN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 60:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): díiš-a ba baalbač-á kuṛíina táma th-éen de: asée bharíiw-a be ___ neečíir the whaal-éen mhaas-á whaal-éen
Gloss (with missing item): village-OBL TOP child-PL women.PL waiting do-3PL PST 1PL.GEN husband-PL go.CV ___ hunt do.CV bring.down-3PL meat-PL bring.down-3PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the village, women and children were waiting, [saying] ``Our husbands have gone hunting. They will bring back meat''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interesting thing, however, is that the regular Perfect as described in the beginning of this section, seems to be missing altogether in the B dialect. Instead, the converbal construction is widely used with intransitive verbs, as in the examples (\ref{ex:9-28}) and (\ref{ex:9-30})--(\ref{ex:9-31}), and probably marginally also with transitive verbs, as in (\ref{ex:9-32})--(\ref{ex:9-33}).\footnote{My B data, however, is too limited to the genre of narrative discourse to provide a~clear indication.}
A: word: har"=ainií	 gloss: take.away-VN
B: word: úč-a	 gloss: few-MPL
C: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
D: word: hín-a	 gloss: PRS"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 61:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak čhéeli maidúun-a wée du=khur-áam ǰhulí ___ hín-i
Gloss (with missing item): IDEF goat field-OBL in two=foot-OBL.PL on ___ be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`A goat has got up [i.e., is standing] on two feet in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interesting thing, however, is that the regular Perfect as described in the beginning of this section, seems to be missing altogether in the B dialect. Instead, the converbal construction is widely used with intransitive verbs, as in the examples (\ref{ex:9-28}) and (\ref{ex:9-30})--(\ref{ex:9-31}), and probably marginally also with transitive verbs, as in (\ref{ex:9-32})--(\ref{ex:9-33}).\footnote{My B data, however, is too limited to the genre of narrative discourse to provide a~clear indication.}
A: word: seentá	 gloss: CONDH
B: word: uth-í	 gloss: get.up-CV
C: word: th-íia	 gloss: do-1PL
D: word: xaamaár	 gloss: dragon
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 62:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ak čhéeli maidúun-a wée du=khur-áam ǰhulí uth-í ___
Gloss (with missing item): IDEF goat field-OBL in two=foot-OBL.PL on get.up-CV ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`A goat has got up [i.e., is standing] on two feet in the field.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interesting thing, however, is that the regular Perfect as described in the beginning of this section, seems to be missing altogether in the B dialect. Instead, the converbal construction is widely used with intransitive verbs, as in the examples (\ref{ex:9-28}) and (\ref{ex:9-30})--(\ref{ex:9-31}), and probably marginally also with transitive verbs, as in (\ref{ex:9-32})--(\ref{ex:9-33}).\footnote{My B data, however, is too limited to the genre of narrative discourse to provide a~clear indication.}
A: word: bulaḍ-íim	 gloss: find.out-CPRD
B: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
C: word: náin-i	 gloss: NEG.be.PRS-F
D: word: hín-i	 gloss: be.PRS-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 63:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma na ___ hin-u thaníit-u
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM NEG ___ be.PRS"=MSG say.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have not written this [referring to some suspicious letters], he said.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interesting thing, however, is that the regular Perfect as described in the beginning of this section, seems to be missing altogether in the B dialect. Instead, the converbal construction is widely used with intransitive verbs, as in the examples (\ref{ex:9-28}) and (\ref{ex:9-30})--(\ref{ex:9-31}), and probably marginally also with transitive verbs, as in (\ref{ex:9-32})--(\ref{ex:9-33}).\footnote{My B data, however, is too limited to the genre of narrative discourse to provide a~clear indication.}
A: word: man-í	 gloss: say-CV
B: word: d-áan-u	 gloss: give-PRS"=MSG
C: word: niweš-í	 gloss: write-CV
D: word: bheš-í	 gloss: sit.down-CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 64:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma na niweš-í ___ thaníit-u
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM NEG write-CV ___ say.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have not written this [referring to some suspicious letters], he said.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The interesting thing, however, is that the regular Perfect as described in the beginning of this section, seems to be missing altogether in the B dialect. Instead, the converbal construction is widely used with intransitive verbs, as in the examples (\ref{ex:9-28}) and (\ref{ex:9-30})--(\ref{ex:9-31}), and probably marginally also with transitive verbs, as in (\ref{ex:9-32})--(\ref{ex:9-33}).\footnote{My B data, however, is too limited to the genre of narrative discourse to provide a~clear indication.}
A: word: paás	 gloss: passed
B: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
C: word: hin-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
D: word: ɡhiin-u=bhaáu	 gloss: take.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 65:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___ heensíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM ___ stay.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have eaten.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that this construction, again focusing on the result rather than on the event itself, is based on a~transitive imperfective stem and therefore requires an~accusative agreement pattern, while the agreement with the regular Perfect, using the perfective transitive stem is ergative. But there is also another (possibly more ``regular'' or lexically less restricted) perfect used in this dialect formed with the converb and heensíl- (the perfective of the intransitive verb háans- `stay, live, exist'), as in (\ref{ex:9-34}).
A: word: khaá	 gloss: eat.CV
B: word: yh-óoi	 gloss: come-IMP.PL
C: word: bhešaá	 gloss: make.sit.CV
D: word: khaṣeel-í	 gloss: drag-CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 66:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma khaá ___
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM eat.CV ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`I have eaten.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Note that this construction, again focusing on the result rather than on the event itself, is based on a~transitive imperfective stem and therefore requires an~accusative agreement pattern, while the agreement with the regular Perfect, using the perfective transitive stem is ergative. But there is also another (possibly more ``regular'' or lexically less restricted) perfect used in this dialect formed with the converb and heensíl- (the perfective of the intransitive verb háans- `stay, live, exist'), as in (\ref{ex:9-34}).
A: word: mar-í	 gloss: die-CV
B: word: heensíl-a	 gloss: stay.PFV"=MPL
C: word: akaadúi	 gloss: RECP
D: word: heensíl-u	 gloss: stay.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 67:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so tas khúṭ-a wée ___ heensíl-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM 3SG.ACC leg-OBL in ___ stay.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It [so he said] bit him in the leg.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even in the A variety, this construction (but with an~added present copula) is used for hearsay, as in (\ref{ex:9-35}), or inferentially (by seeing water on the ground and subsequently reporting it to another person who has not been able to infer it), as in (\ref{ex:9-36}). However, it may still be in free variation with the regular Perfect.
A: word: ǰhóon-um	 gloss: know-1SG
B: word: čuk-í	 gloss: bite-CV
C: word: xalk-íim	 gloss: people-PL.OBL
D: word: khaá	 gloss: eat.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 68:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so tas khúṭ-a wée čuk-í ___ hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM 3SG.ACC leg-OBL in bite-CV ___ be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It [so he said] bit him in the leg.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even in the A variety, this construction (but with an~added present copula) is used for hearsay, as in (\ref{ex:9-35}), or inferentially (by seeing water on the ground and subsequently reporting it to another person who has not been able to infer it), as in (\ref{ex:9-36}). However, it may still be in free variation with the regular Perfect.
A: word: phedá	 gloss: make.reach.IMP.SG
B: word: ukh-áand-u	 gloss: come.up-PRS"=MSG
C: word: heensíl-u	 gloss: stay.PFV"=MSG
D: word: heensíl-a	 gloss: stay.PFV"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 69:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so tas khúṭ-a wée čuk-í heensíl-u ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM 3SG.ACC leg-OBL in bite-CV stay.PFV"=MSG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`It [so he said] bit him in the leg.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even in the A variety, this construction (but with an~added present copula) is used for hearsay, as in (\ref{ex:9-35}), or inferentially (by seeing water on the ground and subsequently reporting it to another person who has not been able to infer it), as in (\ref{ex:9-36}). However, it may still be in free variation with the regular Perfect.
A: word: ṣuunt-u=wáand-u	 gloss: hear.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ"=MSG
B: word: hín-u	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG
C: word: hín-u=ee	 gloss: be.PRS"=MSG=CNJ
D: word: tháan-u	 gloss: do.PRS"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 70:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aáǰ peexáur-a ___ heensíl-u hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): today Peshawar-OBL ___ stay.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Today it has been raining in Peshawar.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even in the A variety, this construction (but with an~added present copula) is used for hearsay, as in (\ref{ex:9-35}), or inferentially (by seeing water on the ground and subsequently reporting it to another person who has not been able to infer it), as in (\ref{ex:9-36}). However, it may still be in free variation with the regular Perfect.
A: word: muč-úui	 gloss: open-IMP.PL
B: word: muč-í	 gloss: rain-CV
C: word: baṣ	 gloss: rain
D: word: ǰeníi-e	 gloss: fire.VN"=GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B