cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 107:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dar muč-úui ___
Gloss (with missing item): door open-IMP.PL ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Open the door, please! [uttered by a~little girl addressing older women, supposedly mother and grandmother, in the household]'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The plural form is always used with reference to more than one person, but a~more polite request could be done by adding the particle the morpheme ___ or na, to any of the two forms, to the singular in (\ref{ex:9-50}) and to the plural in (\ref{ex:9-51}).
A: word: neé	 gloss: HON
B: word: xaaneé	 gloss: shelf.PL
C: word: yeí	 gloss: come.CV
D: word: seéb	 gloss: sir
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 108:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kúṛi the maníit-u ki teeṇíi banɡleé ___ širinɡá
Gloss (with missing item): woman to say.PFV"=MSG COMPL REFL bracelet.PL ___ rattle.IMP.SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He said to the woman, ``Don't rattle your bracelets!'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The Imperative is regularly negated with the negation particle the morpheme ___, as in (\ref{ex:9-52}), and there is therefore no prohibitive category distinct from the Imperative in the language.
A: word: tipúka	 gloss: nowadays
B: word: th-áan-u	 gloss: do-PRS"=MSG
C: word: na	 gloss: NEG
D: word: ǰinaazá	 gloss: corpse
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 109:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kúṛi the maníit-u ki teeṇíi banɡleé na ___
Gloss (with missing item): woman to say.PFV"=MSG COMPL REFL bracelet.PL NEG ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He said to the woman, ``Don't rattle your bracelets!'' '
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The Imperative is regularly negated with the negation particle na, as in (\ref{ex:9-52}), and there is therefore no prohibitive category distinct from the Imperative in the language.
A: word: dhrak-é	 gloss: pull-IMP.SG
B: word: ṭinɡ	 gloss: challenge
C: word: dac̣h-á	 gloss: look-IMP.SG
D: word: širinɡá	 gloss: rattle.IMP.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 110:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): misrí ___ seentá misrí díi tsaṭák hóons-a
Gloss (with missing item): mason ___ CONDH mason from hammer stay-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the mason comes he would have a~hammer [i.e., he would bring a~hammer with him].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Conditionality is essentially expressed with the protasis verb in a~Conditional clause in the Simple Past (or one of the periphrastic categories built on the perfective), while the apodosis verb may be in the Present or the Future, a ``split tense/aspect reference'' not uncommon in languages overall (e.g., in Arabic, \citealt[80]{dahl1985}). It is commonly, in such constructions, used together with an~additional element that can be analysed alternatively as a~subjunction, alternatively as an~auxiliary. There are two such elements in Palula, one seentá (B síinta) which is used to form constructions of assumed conditionality, yhóolu seentá `if he comes, when(ever) he comes' (\ref{ex:9-53}) and another, heentá, which usually carries a~hypothetical meaning, paás bhíla heentá `if we pass, were we to pass' (\ref{ex:9-54}). Further details on conditionality can be found in \sectref{subsec:13-4-4}.
A: word: khóol-u	 gloss: eat.PFV"=MSG
B: word: yhóol-u	 gloss: come.PFV"=MSG
C: word: ukháat-u	 gloss: come.up.PFV"=MSG
D: word: khaṣeel-íim	 gloss: drag-CPRD
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 111:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): misrí yhóol-u ___ misrí díi tsaṭák hóons-a
Gloss (with missing item): mason come.PFV"=MSG ___ mason from hammer stay-3SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`When the mason comes he would have a~hammer [i.e., he would bring a~hammer with him].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Conditionality is essentially expressed with the protasis verb in a~Conditional clause in the Simple Past (or one of the periphrastic categories built on the perfective), while the apodosis verb may be in the Present or the Future, a ``split tense/aspect reference'' not uncommon in languages overall (e.g., in Arabic, \citealt[80]{dahl1985}). It is commonly, in such constructions, used together with an~additional element that can be analysed alternatively as a~subjunction, alternatively as an~auxiliary. There are two such elements in Palula, one the morpheme ___ (B síinta) which is used to form constructions of assumed conditionality, yhóolu the morpheme ___ `if he comes, when(ever) he comes' (\ref{ex:9-53}) and another, heentá, which usually carries a~hypothetical meaning, paás bhíla heentá `if we pass, were we to pass' (\ref{ex:9-54}). Further details on conditionality can be found in \sectref{subsec:13-4-4}.
A: word: heentá	 gloss: CONDL
B: word: seentá	 gloss: CONDH
C: word: čooṇṭéel"=im	 gloss: write.PFV"=FPL
D: word: khóol-u	 gloss: eat.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 112:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ bhíl-a heentá ɡhróom-a iskuul-í the wh-áaya
Gloss (with missing item): ___ become.PFV"=MPL CONDL village-OBL school-OBL to come.down-1PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`If we pass the test, we will go to the village school.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Conditionality is essentially expressed with the protasis verb in a~Conditional clause in the Simple Past (or one of the periphrastic categories built on the perfective), while the apodosis verb may be in the Present or the Future, a ``split tense/aspect reference'' not uncommon in languages overall (e.g., in Arabic, \citealt[80]{dahl1985}). It is commonly, in such constructions, used together with an~additional element that can be analysed alternatively as a~subjunction, alternatively as an~auxiliary. There are two such elements in Palula, one seentá (B síinta) which is used to form constructions of assumed conditionality, yhóolu seentá `if he comes, when(ever) he comes' (\ref{ex:9-53}) and another, heentá, which usually carries a~hypothetical meaning, the morpheme ___ bhíla heentá `if we its gloss ___, were we to its gloss ___' (\ref{ex:9-54}). Further details on conditionality can be found in \sectref{subsec:13-4-4}.
A: word: dhií	 gloss: daughter
B: word: mhaás	 gloss: meat
C: word: laɡaiǰ-éen-i	 gloss: be.applied-PRS-F
D: word: paás	 gloss: pass
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 113:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): paás ___ heentá ɡhróom-a iskuul-í the wh-áaya
Gloss (with missing item): pass ___ CONDL village-OBL school-OBL to come.down-1PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`If we pass the test, we will go to the village school.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Conditionality is essentially expressed with the protasis verb in a~Conditional clause in the Simple Past (or one of the periphrastic categories built on the perfective), while the apodosis verb may be in the Present or the Future, a ``split tense/aspect reference'' not uncommon in languages overall (e.g., in Arabic, \citealt[80]{dahl1985}). It is commonly, in such constructions, used together with an~additional element that can be analysed alternatively as a~subjunction, alternatively as an~auxiliary. There are two such elements in Palula, one seentá (B síinta) which is used to form constructions of assumed conditionality, yhóolu seentá `if he comes, when(ever) he comes' (\ref{ex:9-53}) and another, heentá, which usually carries a~hypothetical meaning, paás bhíla heentá `if we pass, were we to pass' (\ref{ex:9-54}). Further details on conditionality can be found in \sectref{subsec:13-4-4}.
A: word: bh"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: become-OBLG
B: word: bhíl-i	 gloss: become.PFV-F
C: word: bhíl-a	 gloss: become.PFV"=MPL
D: word: bh-íl-a	 gloss: become-PFV"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 114:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): paás bhíl-a ___ ɡhróom-a iskuul-í the wh-áaya
Gloss (with missing item): pass become.PFV"=MPL ___ village-OBL school-OBL to come.down-1PL
The English translation of this sentence is:`If we pass the test, we will go to the village school.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Conditionality is essentially expressed with the protasis verb in a~Conditional clause in the Simple Past (or one of the periphrastic categories built on the perfective), while the apodosis verb may be in the Present or the Future, a ``split tense/aspect reference'' not uncommon in languages overall (e.g., in Arabic, \citealt[80]{dahl1985}). It is commonly, in such constructions, used together with an~additional element that can be analysed alternatively as a~subjunction, alternatively as an~auxiliary. There are two such elements in Palula, one seentá (B síinta) which is used to form constructions of assumed conditionality, yhóolu seentá `if he comes, when(ever) he comes' (\ref{ex:9-53}) and another, the morpheme ___, which usually carries a~hypothetical meaning, paás bhíla the morpheme ___ `if we pass, were we to pass' (\ref{ex:9-54}). Further details on conditionality can be found in \sectref{subsec:13-4-4}.
A: word: síinta	 gloss: CONDH
B: word: seentá	 gloss: CONDH
C: word: heentá	 gloss: CONDL
D: word: th"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: do-OBLG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 115:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): muníir"=ii rhootašíia dhruú\simṣ-a the ___
Gloss (with missing item): Munir-GEN tomorrow Drosh-OBL to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Munir has/is to go to Drosh tomorrow.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Palula, the Obligative is used both in the personal sense `scheduled to, is to' (\ref{ex:9-55}) and in a~more general or impersonal sense of `ought to, one should' (\ref{ex:9-56}).
A: word: samóol-u	 gloss: build.PFV"=MSG
B: word: beezáaya	 gloss: extra
C: word: yh-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: come-OBLG
D: word: b-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: go-OBLG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 116:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kháač-a kráam-a díi ba teeṇíi zaán bač ___
Gloss (with missing item): bad-OBL work-OBL from TOP REFL self safe ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`One should avoid [=save oneself from] evil actions.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In Palula, the Obligative is used both in the personal sense `scheduled to, is to' (\ref{ex:9-55}) and in a~more general or impersonal sense of `ought to, one should' (\ref{ex:9-56}).
A: word: yh-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: come-OBLG
B: word: seentá	 gloss: CONDH
C: word: th"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: do-OBLG
D: word: bh"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: become-OBLG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 117:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so mhaás aaxér xátum ___ bhíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM meat end finished ___ become.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The meat would, no doubt, be gone in the end.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes the future reading of `will inevitably happen' is clearly present, as in (\ref{ex:9-57}), while in other cases there is no such future sense, only an~instructional one with the sense of `the way it should be/usually is being done', as in (\ref{ex:9-58}).
A: word: th"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: do-OBLG
B: word: muč-í	 gloss: rain-CV
C: word: čuurbhišá	 gloss: eighty
D: word: bh"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: become-OBLG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 118:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): páanǰ sáat ba bheénš ___
Gloss (with missing item): five seven TOP beam ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then a~five by seven beam should be fixed.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sometimes the future reading of `will inevitably happen' is clearly present, as in (\ref{ex:9-57}), while in other cases there is no such future sense, only an~instructional one with the sense of `the way it should be/usually is being done', as in (\ref{ex:9-58}).
A: word: laɡay"=aiṇḍeéu	 gloss: apply-OBLG
B: word: bulaḍ-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: call.for-OBLG
C: word: čitaiṇḍeéu	 gloss: think.OBLG
D: word: seentá	 gloss: CONDH
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 119:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): muníir"=ii rhootašíia dhruú\simṣ-a the ___
Gloss (with missing item): Munir-GEN tomorrow Drosh-OBL to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Munir has/is to go to Drosh tomorrow.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The dual syntactic character of the construction is seen if we compare (\ref{ex:9-55}) with (\ref{ex:9-57}). In (\ref{ex:9-55}) it is noun"=like (`Munir's inevitable going to Drosh'), with the agent in the genitive, whereas in (\ref{ex:9-57}) it is adjective"=like (`the inevitably finishing meat'). It is also in the first instance where the Obligative is most finite, whereas its finiteness can be questioned in the second one.
A: word: yh-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: come-OBLG
B: word: ač-aníi	 gloss: enter-VN
C: word: aṭíl-i	 gloss: bring.PFV-F
D: word: b-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: go-OBLG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 120:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so mhaás aaxér xátum ___ bhíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM meat end finished ___ become.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The meat would, no doubt, be gone in the end.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The dual syntactic character of the construction is seen if we compare (\ref{ex:9-55}) with (\ref{ex:9-57}). In (\ref{ex:9-55}) it is noun"=like (`Munir's inevitable going to Drosh'), with the agent in the genitive, whereas in (\ref{ex:9-57}) it is adjective"=like (`the inevitably finishing meat'). It is also in the first instance where the Obligative is most finite, whereas its finiteness can be questioned in the second one.
A: word: th"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: do-OBLG
B: word: bh"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: become-OBLG
C: word: ɡaḍ-íi	 gloss: take.off-3SG
D: word: širinɡá	 gloss: rattle.IMP.SG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 121:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): muníir"=ii rhootašíia dhruú\simṣ-a the ___
Gloss (with missing item): Munir-GEN tomorrow Drosh-OBL to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`Munir has/is to go to Drosh tomorrow.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The dual syntactic character of the construction is seen if we compare (\ref{ex:9-55}) with (\ref{ex:9-57}). In (\ref{ex:9-55}) it is noun"=like (`Munir's inevitable going to Drosh'), with the agent in the genitive, whereas in (\ref{ex:9-57}) it is adjective"=like (`the inevitably finishing meat'). It is also in the first instance where the Obligative is most finite, whereas its finiteness can be questioned in the second one.
A: word: b-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: go-OBLG
B: word: piaalá	 gloss: cup
C: word: man-í	 gloss: say-CV
D: word: yh-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: come-OBLG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 122:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so mhaás aaxér xátum ___ bhíl-u
Gloss (with missing item): DEF.MSG.NOM meat end finished ___ become.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The meat would, no doubt, be gone in the end.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The dual syntactic character of the construction is seen if we compare (\ref{ex:9-55}) with (\ref{ex:9-57}). In (\ref{ex:9-55}) it is noun"=like (`Munir's inevitable going to Drosh'), with the agent in the genitive, whereas in (\ref{ex:9-57}) it is adjective"=like (`the inevitably finishing meat'). It is also in the first instance where the Obligative is most finite, whereas its finiteness can be questioned in the second one.
A: word: th"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: do-OBLG
B: word: d-íi	 gloss: give-3SG
C: word: bhíiru	 gloss: he.goat
D: word: bh"=eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: become-OBLG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 123:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so típa ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.NOM now ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`He is about to leave./He must leave now.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: It seems the agent is generally avoided with obligative transitive verbs, and as such it is also becoming an~alternative way of expressing a~passive meaning (compare with \sectref{subsec:8-5-2}), with a sense of ability (or inability) rather than one of obligation. I would still hold that Obligative is primarily modality and only secondarily voice. Possibly related to the degree of obligation is an~alternation between the coding of the agent in the nominative, as in (\ref{ex:9-59}), versus the genitive coding we saw above in (\ref{ex:9-55}).
A: word: yhóol-u	 gloss: come.PFV"=MSG
B: word: yh-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: come-OBLG
C: word: ṣač-í	 gloss: climb-CV
D: word: b-eeṇḍeéu	 gloss: go-OBLG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D