cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhoortsí bi so áa kučúru bi uḍheew-í [oóra] šan-á so šay bi tanaám sanɡí yhaí šan-á, ma ba ___ khilaí dharíit-u
Gloss (with missing item): Ghortsi also DEF.MSG.NOM one dog also flee.CV over.here roof-OBL DEM.MSG.NOM thing also 3PL.ACC with come.CV roof-OBL 1SG.NOM TOP ___ alone remain.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Both Ghortsi [the name of a dog] and the other dog fled from that thing and went back to the roof over here. The thing followed them onto the roof, but I stayed by myself, away from there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: reference, as in (\ref{ex:7-13}), often in contrast with oóra `on this side, over here'
A: word: aḍaphará	 gloss: halfways
B: word: tipúka	 gloss: nowadays
C: word: kulumiṭer-á	 gloss: kilometre-PL
D: word: phará	 gloss: yonder
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ɡhoortsí bi so áa kučúru bi uḍheew-í [oóra] šan-á so šay bi tanaám sanɡí yhaí šan-á, ma ba ___ khilaí dharíit-u
Gloss (with missing item): Ghortsi also DEF.MSG.NOM one dog also flee.CV over.here roof-OBL DEM.MSG.NOM thing also 3PL.ACC with come.CV roof-OBL 1SG.NOM TOP ___ alone remain.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Both Ghortsi [the name of a dog] and the other dog fled from that thing and went back to the roof over here. The thing followed them onto the roof, but I stayed by myself, away from there.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{oóra `on this side, over here'.} As already mentioned and exemplified in (\ref{ex:7-13}), this deictic adverb is used in contrast with the morpheme ___, implying a~location close to the point of reference as opposed to a~location further away. I am not aware of any derivations from this adverb.
A: word: tipúka	 gloss: nowadays
B: word: phará	 gloss: yonder
C: word: aḍaphará	 gloss: halfways
D: word: la-láp	 gloss: RED-fast
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): se páand ___ na lháay-a de
Gloss (with missing item): 3FSG.NOM path ___ NEG find-3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`It did not find its way back.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{patú `behind, in its gloss ___'.} This basic form is, according to my material, only used as a~postpostion (in A) or conjunction (in B), see \sectref{subsec:7-2-2}; however, a~couple of (partly spatial, partly temporal) adverbial expressions are clearly derived from it: the morpheme ___ (exemplified in (\ref{ex:7-14}))/patuɡiróo/paturaá (A)/patuɡiráak (B) `its gloss ___', \textit{padúši ({\textless} patú + dúši)} `behind', as in (\ref{ex:7-15}), the latter almost exclusively used in a~temporal sense in B (compare with \sectref{subsec:7-1-3}).
A: word: patuɡiraá	 gloss: back
B: word: ɡhireé	 gloss: again
C: word: kéeči	 gloss: with
D: word: patuɡiraák	 gloss: back
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): bakáara ta muṣṭú bhe whéet-i=ee be ba ___ wh-áand-a
Gloss (with missing item): flock CNTR in.front become.CV come.down.PFV-F=CNJ 1PL.NOM TOP ___ come.down-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`The flock got down before us, and then we came down behind.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{patú `its gloss ___, in back'.} This basic form is, according to my material, only used as a~postpostion (in A) or conjunction (in B), see \sectref{subsec:7-2-2}; however, a~couple of (partly spatial, partly temporal) adverbial expressions are clearly derived from it: patuɡiraá (exemplified in (\ref{ex:7-14}))/patuɡiróo/paturaá (A)/patuɡiráak (B) `back', \textit{the morpheme ___ ({\textless} patú + dúši)} `its gloss ___', as in (\ref{ex:7-15}), the latter almost exclusively used in a~temporal sense in B (compare with \sectref{subsec:7-1-3}).
A: word: padúši	 gloss: behind
B: word: maxadúši	 gloss: in.front.of
C: word: patuɡiraá	 gloss: back
D: word: čooṇṭéel-i	 gloss: embroider.PPTC-F
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tuúš ___ bíi ta áak luumái ḍhoó dít-i hín-i
Gloss (with missing item): some ___ go.3SG SUB IDEF fox sight give.PFV-F be.PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Going some distance forward, he saw a~fox.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the morpheme ___ (A only) `in front, ahead, forward'.} As with the aforementioned adverbial group, the morpheme ___ has in addition to its basic spatial meaning, as in (\ref{ex:7-16}), acquired some largely temporal aspects (see \sectref{subsec:7-1-3}). A nearly synonymous muṣṭuɡiraá is also derived from it.
A: word: muṣṭú	 gloss: in.front
B: word: roošnaám	 gloss: morning
C: word: muṣṭúk-a	 gloss: of.past-MPL
D: word: kaṭur-á	 gloss: Kator-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tasíi ba páanǰ ṣo bhraawú ___ hóons"=an de
Gloss (with missing item): 3SG.GEN TOP five six brother.PL ___ stay-3PL PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Five or six of her brothers were living nearby.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the morpheme ___ (B niháaṛa) `its gloss ___, its gloss ___by'.} This adverb is often used in a~so"=called compound postposition (\sectref{subsec:7-2-3}) but may also be used alone, see (\ref{ex:7-17}), as a~spatial adverb.
A: word: nhiáaṛee	 gloss: near
B: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
C: word: aní	 gloss: PROX
D: word: nhiáaṛa	 gloss: near
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ áa ɣar-í učát ɣar-í eeṛáa piír hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ IDEF peak-OBL high peak-OBL there.REM pir be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Far away, on the top of a high mountain, there is a pir [a holy person].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{dhúura `far away'.} Like the aforementioned adverb, it is often used in a~compound postposition (\sectref{subsec:7-2-3}), but may also be used independently (\ref{ex:7-17b}).
A: word: húuši	 gloss: wind
B: word: típa	 gloss: now
C: word: dhúura	 gloss: away.from
D: word: dhúura	 gloss: far.away
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma ___ be tes sanɡí madád th-áam
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM ___ go.CV 3SG.ACC with help do-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I will go inside and help him.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: dynamically, as in example (\ref{ex:7-18}), as a~spatial adverb.
A: word: wée	 gloss: in
B: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
C: word: šíiṭi	 gloss: inside
D: word: thíi	 gloss: 2SG.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ huṇḍ the ta ǰaláṣ bhun the ba lhíst-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ up to CNTR hairy down to TOP bald-MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It was half hairless and half covered in hair. The top half was hairy and the bottom half was hairless.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{aḍaphaár `halfway, midway'.} Composed of \textit{*aḍa {\textgreater} áaḍa} `half' and *phaar (see above) `yonder', it is used in this essentially nominal form for the movement up to a~point somewhere right between the point of origin and an~expected goal, but it may occur in an~oblique form aḍaphará with no obvious difference in meaning, a~form to which the postposition tií (\sectref{subsec:7-2-2}) can be added, rendering the approximate meaning `as far as halfway'. It can also occur in the genitive the morpheme ___ `from the middle', as seen in example (\ref{ex:7-19}).
A: word: aḍapharíi	 gloss: from.middle
B: word: kaṭur-á	 gloss: Kator-OBL
C: word: aḍaphará	 gloss: halfways
D: word: díi	 gloss: from
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ba ma tasíi paalaweeṇíi qiseé tháan-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ TOP 1SG.NOM 3SG.GEN strongmanship.GEN story.PL do.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Now I am telling the stories about his strongmanship.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: used for referring to the present moment, as illustrated in (\ref{ex:7-20}), as well as to
A: word: típa	 gloss: now
B: word: thée	 gloss: then
C: word: taníi	 gloss: 3PL.REM.GEN
D: word: páand-a	 gloss: path-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ be iskuul-í the b-íia de
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1PL.NOM school-OBL to go-1PL PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Once, we were going to school...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{muṣṭú (A)/the morpheme ___ (B) `its gloss ___, in the past, once'.} The A adverb has spatial functions (see \sectref{subsec:7-1-2}) along with its temporal ones. Both the A and the B adverb may take additional modifiers, such as degree adverbs (bíiḍu muṣṭú `long its gloss ___, a~long time ago') or calendrical expressions (dúu yúuna the morpheme ___ `two months ago'). The meaning `since then, for a~long time' can be expressed by muṣṭúi niiɡiraá. A sentence with the B adverb the morpheme ___ is given in (\ref{ex:7-21}).
A: word: thée	 gloss: then
B: word: típa	 gloss: now
C: word: áak	 gloss: one
D: word: muxáak	 gloss: before
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): neečíir ba eesé ___ bíiḍ-i
Gloss (with missing item): hunting TOP REM ___ much-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Hunting was a common custom at that time.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{eetheél/(eesé) waxtíi `at that time, in those days, then'.} Usually, for reference to a~specific time (usually in the past), as in (\ref{ex:7-22}), the genitive of the noun waxt (or waqt) `time' is used with a~preceding demonstrative (if referred to contextually) or another identifying modifier (kufurdóore waxtíe `in the pagan era' B), but also the synchronically non"=derived adverb eetheél, possibly more widely used in the past, is still in use, as can be seen in example (\ref{ex:7-23}). The latter can refer to a~point of time in the past as well as in the future (e.g., in eetheél tií `before that time, up to that time'). The genitive of the English loan ṭeém `time' is used in a~way quite similar to waxtíi, taking various modifiers, such as basandíi ṭeemíi `at spring time'.
A: word: waxt-íi	 gloss: time-GEN
B: word: waxt-íi-e	 gloss: time-OBL"=GEN
C: word: šúunɡ-am	 gloss: branch-PL.OBL
D: word: zamanáii	 gloss: time.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ maidaaní ǰanɡ de
Gloss (with missing item): ___ of.field war be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`In those days there used to be fighting in the fields.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the morpheme ___/(eesé) waxtíi `at that time, in those days, then'.} Usually, for reference to a~specific time (usually in the past), as in (\ref{ex:7-22}), the genitive of the noun waxt (or waqt) `time' is used with a~preceding demonstrative (if referred to contextually) or another identifying modifier (kufurdóore waxtíe `in the pagan era' B), but also the synchronically non"=derived adverb the morpheme ___, possibly more widely used in the past, is still in use, as can be seen in example (\ref{ex:7-23}). The latter can refer to a~point of time in the past as well as in the future (e.g., in the morpheme ___ tií `before that time, up to that time'). The genitive of the English loan ṭeém `time' is used in a~way quite similar to waxtíi, taking various modifiers, such as basandíi ṭeemíi `at spring time'.
A: word: wheél-u	 gloss: bring.down.PFV"=MSG
B: word: waxt	 gloss: time
C: word: huṇḍ	 gloss: up
D: word: eetheél	 gloss: that.time
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): khéli ___ bhe dac̣h-íi ta
Gloss (with missing item): quite.some ___ become.CV look-3SG SUB
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some time later he was looking.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{aakatí the morpheme ___í (maǰí)/the morpheme ___ bhe/padúši (B) `later, after some its gloss ___'.} A number of expressions, some of them containing forms of the noun the morpheme ___, are used when referring to a~later point in its gloss ___, in (\ref{ex:7-24}) with the converb of bhe- `become' (compare manner adverbs formed with converbs, \sectref{subsec:7-1-4}). Only in the B variety is padúši used in a~clearly temporal sense (see \sectref{subsec:7-1-2}).
A: word: eetheél	 gloss: that.time
B: word: waxt-íi	 gloss: time-GEN
C: word: eeṛáa	 gloss: there.DIST
D: word: waxt	 gloss: time
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): khéli waxt ___ dac̣h-íi ta
Gloss (with missing item): quite.some time ___ look-3SG SUB
The English translation of this sentence is:`Some time later he was looking.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{aakatí waxtí (maǰí)/waxt the morpheme ___/padúši (B) `later, after some time'.} A number of expressions, some of them containing forms of the noun waxt, are used when referring to a~later point in time, in (\ref{ex:7-24}) with the converb of the morpheme ___- `become' (compare manner adverbs formed with converbs, \sectref{subsec:7-1-4}). Only in the B variety is padúši used in a~clearly temporal sense (see \sectref{subsec:7-1-2}).
A: word: ɡhin-í	 gloss: take.CV
B: word: bhe	 gloss: become.CV
C: word: mac̣hook-á	 gloss: Machoke-OBL
D: word: bhešóol-u	 gloss: sit.down.CAUS.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ xálak-a dhii-á díi na khooǰ-óon de
Gloss (with missing item): ___ people-PL daughter-OBL from NEG ask-3PL PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`People in the old days were not asking their daughter [who she wanted to marry].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adjectival derivations with -úk- are also used in expressing similar temporal"=deictic propositions, e.g., tipúku `of now, ``nowish''', muṣṭúku `of the past, of old, ``oldish''', as seen in (\ref{ex:7-25}), eetheelúku `of that time' (see \tabref{tab:7-2} on p.~\pageref{tab:7-2}).
A: word: padúši	 gloss: after
B: word: muṣṭú	 gloss: before
C: word: biǰóol-a	 gloss: several-MPL
D: word: muṣṭúk-a	 gloss: of.past-MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ índa kir dít-u de típa bi kir hín-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ here snow give.PFV"=MSG PST now also snow be.PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`It was snowing here yesterday, and even now there is snow.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The most common calendrical adverbs (\tabref{tab:7-cal}) used deictically are synchronically non"=derived. In (\ref{ex:7-26}), the use of the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___' is illustrated.
A: word: ɡhoóṣṭ	 gloss: house
B: word: aáǰ	 gloss: today
C: word: dhoóṛ	 gloss: yesterday
D: word: aníi=wee	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL=in
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ma čiiríit-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1SG.NOM be.delayed.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`This year I'm delayed.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the morpheme ___ `this year' diachronically may be an~adjectivally derived form (with -úk-), it is used like the other non"=derived deictic adverbs, as in (\ref{ex:7-27}), without modifying a~noun head.
A: word: kaal-á	 gloss: year-PL
B: word: heenṣúka	 gloss: this.year
C: word: kulumiṭer-á	 gloss: kilometre-PL
D: word: heeṇṣúka	 gloss: this.year
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D