cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma nis aáǰ kh-úum ta ___ ba kanáa bh-úum
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM 3SG.ACC today eat-1SG SUB ___ TOP like.what become-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`If I eat this today, what will then become of me tomorrow.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Belonging semantically to this group is also rhootašíia (with the alternative forms rhoošíia and rhoošée) `tomorrow', used as in (\ref{ex:7-28}), which, however, is the oblique case of the noun rhootašíi `morning'.
A: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
B: word: rhootašíia	 gloss: tomorrow
C: word: bhraáš	 gloss: slowly
D: word: roošnaám	 gloss: morning
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ba pašambeé ta c̣hóoṇ-ii bháaru ɡhin-í ma ba ɡúči
Gloss (with missing item): ___ TOP Pashambi CNTR oak-GEN load take-CV 1SG.NOM TOP free
The English translation of this sentence is:`In the afternoon Pashambi carried fodder [to the goats] while I was free.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: time"=of"=day adverbs. Two exceptions are rhoošnaám `morning' (in (\ref{ex:7-40})) and
A: word: deés	 gloss: day
B: word: tanaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
C: word: tíi	 gloss: 3SG.OBL
D: word: dhrumanaám	 gloss: afternoon
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ praš-í wée baṭ-á wh-áand-a
Gloss (with missing item): ___ slope-OBL in stone-PL come.down-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`Just like that, stones came down the slope.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: non"=emphatic form andáa). For modifying an~intransitive predicate, as in (\ref{ex:7-42}),
A: word: ṣaawaá	 gloss: MANIP
B: word: andáa=bhe	 gloss: like.that=become.CV
C: word: kanáa=bhe	 gloss: like.what=become.CV
D: word: mac̣hook-á	 gloss: Machoke-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dharéndi mháalu dac̣h-áaṭ-u bhíl-u hín-u siɡréṭ dhrak-í ba ___
Gloss (with missing item): outside father look-AG"=MSG become.PFV"=MSG be.PRS"=MSG cigarette pull-CV TOP ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`While looking at his father outside, he was smoking the cigarette like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: bhe is used, for modifying a~transitive predicate, as in (\ref{ex:7-43}), the is
A: word: míiš-a	 gloss: man-OBL
B: word: andáa=the	 gloss: like.that=do.CV
C: word: eendáa=the	 gloss: like.this=do.CV
D: word: handáa=the	 gloss: this.way=do.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tuúš ___ wh-íi ta karáaṛu ukh-áand-u
Gloss (with missing item): some ___ come.down-3SG SUB leopard come.up-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Getting some ways downhill, [he meets] the leopard coming up.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Forming a~small class, non"=derived degree adverbs are mainly used as modifiers of other adverbs but also as quantifiers of nouns, especially non"=count nouns. The list in \tabref{tab:7-deg} is not meant to be exhaustive. See (\ref{ex:7-9}) for an~example with tuúš.
A: word: bhunimaá	 gloss: downhill
B: word: bhun	 gloss: down
C: word: rhootašíi-a	 gloss: morning-OBL
D: word: táapaṛ	 gloss: hill
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): baṣ ___ teéz bhíl-u ooḍháal whéet-i
Gloss (with missing item): rain ___ strong become.PFV"=MSG flood come.down.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`The rain became so strong that it flooded.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These deictic degree adverbs intensify adjectives, meaning `its gloss ___, so', as in (\ref{ex:7-45}), and `what, how', as in (\ref{ex:7-46}). (Note that katí in particular also functions as a~direct quantifying modifier of a~noun head, meaning `how much, how many'.)
A: word: c̣hatróol-a	 gloss: Chitral-OBL
B: word: hatí	 gloss: such
C: word: ɡubáa	 gloss: what
D: word: eení	 gloss: PROX
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nu ba ___ utháal-u táapaṛ
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.PROX.NOM TOP ___ high-MSG hill
The English translation of this sentence is:`What a~high hill!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: These deictic degree adverbs intensify adjectives, meaning `such, so', as in (\ref{ex:7-45}), and `what, how', as in (\ref{ex:7-46}). (Note that the morpheme ___ in particular also functions as a~direct quantifying modifier of a~noun head, meaning `how much, how many'.)
A: word: katí	 gloss: how.much
B: word: ziaát	 gloss: much
C: word: bakáara-m	 gloss: flock-OBL
D: word: katíma	 gloss: in.which
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wháat-a andáa=bhe ___ bhraáš
Gloss (with missing item): come.down.PFV"=MPL like.that=become.CV ___ slowly
The English translation of this sentence is:`We came down like that, very slowly.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: full reduplication, as seen in (\ref{ex:7-47}), or reduplication of the first syllable. In example
A: word: bhraawú	 gloss: brother.PL
B: word: hatí	 gloss: such
C: word: bhraáš	 gloss: RED
D: word: aak-áak	 gloss: RED-one
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): wháat-a andáa=bhe bhraáš ___
Gloss (with missing item): come.down.PFV"=MPL like.that=become.CV RED ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`We came down like that, very slowly.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: full reduplication, as seen in (\ref{ex:7-47}), or reduplication of the first syllable. In example
A: word: bhraawú	 gloss: brother.PL
B: word: bhraáš	 gloss: slowly
C: word: čax	 gloss: swiftly
D: word: mac̣hook-á	 gloss: Machoke-OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mhaamaǰaán ba ___ la-láp khóo de
Gloss (with missing item): Mahmad.Jan TOP ___ RED-fast eat.3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Mahmad Jan was eating very fast.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:7-48}) both full and first"=syllable reduplication are being used.
A: word: la-láp	 gloss: RED-fast
B: word: pándee	 gloss: for
C: word: šila-yáan-a	 gloss: hurt-PRS"=MPL
D: word: teṇ	 gloss: RED
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mhaamaǰaán ba la-láp ___ khóo de
Gloss (with missing item): Mahmad.Jan TOP RED-fast ___ eat.3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Mahmad Jan was eating very fast.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: (\ref{ex:7-48}) both full and first"=syllable reduplication are being used.
A: word: teṇ	 gloss: RED
B: word: heeṇṣúka	 gloss: this.year
C: word: la-láp	 gloss: RED-fast
D: word: šila-yáan-a	 gloss: hurt-PRS"=MPL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): so ba ___ xučháii so máamu
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.NOM TOP ___ Khush.Shah.GEN DEF.MSG.NOM uncle
The English translation of this sentence is:`He was indeed Khush Shah's uncle.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Sentence adverbs (\tabref{tab:7-sadv}) modify entire utterances. They may for instance specify the speaker's attitude toward the event referred to, or emphasise its truth"=value, as in (\ref{ex:7-48b}).
A: word: yúu	 gloss: from
B: word: rištaá	 gloss: really
C: word: rištaá	 gloss: really
D: word: xéer	 gloss: well
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma bhíiru ɡhin-í thíi ___ the yhúum
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM he.goat take-CV 2SG.GEN ___ to come.1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I'll take a~goat with me and come to your house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the `to, for'.} This postposition takes an~oblique nominal argument, `house' in (\ref{ex:7-50}), or an~accusative pronominal argument, `them' and `us' in (\ref{ex:7-49}). There is a~wide range of meanings, all having the core semantics of marking the recipient of a~transaction or the goal of a~movement.
A: word: ɡhooṣṭ-á	 gloss: house-OBL
B: word: pulusá	 gloss: police
C: word: ɡhooṣṭ-áam	 gloss: house-PL.OBL
D: word: wée	 gloss: into
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma bhíiru ɡhin-í thíi ɡhooṣṭ-á ___ yhúum
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM he.goat take-CV 2SG.GEN house-OBL ___ come.1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`I'll take a~goat with me and come to your house.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___, for'.} This postposition takes an~oblique nominal argument, `house' in (\ref{ex:7-50}), or an~accusative pronominal argument, `the morpheme ___m' and `us' in (\ref{ex:7-49}). There is a~wide range of meanings, all having the morpheme ___ core semantics of marking the morpheme ___ recipient of a~transaction or the morpheme ___ goal of a~movement.
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
C: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
D: word: phará	 gloss: yonder
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na ta ___ the dít-i na ba asaám the dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): NEG CNTR ___ to give.PFV-F NEG TOP 1PL.ACC to give.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Neither did they give them [the guns] to them, nor to us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the `to, for'.} This postposition takes an~oblique nominal argument, `house' in (\ref{ex:7-50}), or an~accusative pronominal argument, `them' and `us' in (\ref{ex:7-49}). There is a~wide range of meanings, all having the core semantics of marking the recipient of a~transaction or the goal of a~movement.
A: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
B: word: baṭ-á	 gloss: stone-OBL
C: word: eetanaám	 gloss: 3PL.REM.ACC
D: word: tanaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na ta tanaám ___ dít-i na ba asaám the dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): NEG CNTR 3PL.ACC ___ give.PFV-F NEG TOP 1PL.ACC to give.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Neither did they give them [the guns] to them, nor to us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___, for'.} This postposition takes an~oblique nominal argument, `house' in (\ref{ex:7-50}), or an~accusative pronominal argument, `the morpheme ___m' and `us' in (\ref{ex:7-49}). There is a~wide range of meanings, all having the morpheme ___ core semantics of marking the morpheme ___ recipient of a~transaction or the morpheme ___ goal of a~movement.
A: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
B: word: the	 gloss: to
C: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
D: word: teeṇíi	 gloss: REFL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na ta tanaám the dít-i na ba ___ the dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): NEG CNTR 3PL.ACC to give.PFV-F NEG TOP ___ to give.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Neither did they give them [the guns] to them, nor to us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the `to, for'.} This postposition takes an~oblique nominal argument, `house' in (\ref{ex:7-50}), or an~accusative pronominal argument, `them' and `us' in (\ref{ex:7-49}). There is a~wide range of meanings, all having the core semantics of marking the recipient of a~transaction or the goal of a~movement.
A: word: índa	 gloss: here
B: word: asaám	 gloss: 1PL.ACC
C: word: tanaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
D: word: baasaá	 gloss: spend.night.CV
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 53:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): na ta tanaám the dít-i na ba asaám ___ dít-i
Gloss (with missing item): NEG CNTR 3PL.ACC to give.PFV-F NEG TOP 1PL.ACC ___ give.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`Neither did they give them [the guns] to them, nor to us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: \spitzmarke{the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___, for'.} This postposition takes an~oblique nominal argument, `house' in (\ref{ex:7-50}), or an~accusative pronominal argument, `the morpheme ___m' and `us' in (\ref{ex:7-49}). There is a~wide range of meanings, all having the morpheme ___ core semantics of marking the morpheme ___ recipient of a~transaction or the morpheme ___ goal of a~movement.
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
C: word: loomuṭ-á	 gloss: deodar.tree-OBL
D: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 54:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dhii-á ___ the maníit-u...
Gloss (with missing item): daughter-OBL ___ to say.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The daughter told Machoke...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Apart from marking the recipient in a~typical ``ditransitive'' clause, the can also identify a~beneficiary in a~transitive clause and the recipient of an~abstract entity, such as in the utterance in (\ref{ex:7-51}).
A: word: khúṭ-am	 gloss: knee-OBL.PL
B: word: mac̣hook-á	 gloss: Machoke-OBL
C: word: mac̣hook-íi	 gloss: Machoke-GEN
D: word: búuḍ-a	 gloss: old-PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 55:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dhii-á mac̣hook-á ___ maníit-u...
Gloss (with missing item): daughter-OBL Machoke-OBL ___ say.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`The daughter told Machoke...'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Apart from marking the morpheme ___ recipient in a~typical ``ditransitive'' clause, the morpheme ___ can also identify a~beneficiary in a~transitive clause and the morpheme ___ recipient of an~abstract entity, such as in the morpheme ___ utterance in (\ref{ex:7-51}).
A: word: muṣṭúk-a	 gloss: of.past-MPL
B: word: the	 gloss: to
C: word: khúna	 gloss: near.to
D: word: theníi-e	 gloss: do.VN"=GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 56:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ the misrí bulaḍ-eeṇḍeéu
Gloss (with missing item): ___ to mason call.for-OBLG
The English translation of this sentence is:`A mason is called to there [to see to that].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the marks a~goal expressed as a~spatial pro"=adverb (also functioning as an~inanimate/abstract demonstrative pronoun), the locative member of the set, the morpheme ___ `its gloss ___', as in (\ref{ex:7-52}), is used. However, if the goal of a~movement carried out by a~person is another person, the postpositions khúna or kéeči (see below) have to be used instead.
A: word: eetáa	 gloss: there
B: word: patú	 gloss: behind
C: word: táa	 gloss: there
D: word: índa	 gloss: here
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C