cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 36:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ míiš thíi khaṇíit-u ɡa heentá ma tu the bíiḍ-i inaám d-úum
Gloss (with missing item): ___ man 2SG.GEN hit.PFV"=MSG what would 1SG.NOM 2SG.NOM to much-F gift give-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`If you hit that man, I will reward you richly.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The distal term the morpheme ___ (B hthe morpheme ___) `that' points to something a~little farther away, but still fully visible and identifiable, as in (\ref{ex:5-24}), where it refers to something in the actual utterance situation, and in (\ref{ex:5-25}), where it refers to something in the narrated situation.
A: word: eenú	 gloss: PROX.MSG.NOM
B: word: aṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
C: word: koó	 gloss: some
D: word: haṛó	 gloss: 3MSG.DIST.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 37:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aṛó ___ thíi khaṇíit-u ɡa heentá ma tu the bíiḍ-i inaám d-úum
Gloss (with missing item): DIST.MSG.NOM ___ 2SG.GEN hit.PFV"=MSG what would 1SG.NOM 2SG.NOM to much-F gift give-1SG
The English translation of this sentence is:`If you hit that man, I will reward you richly.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The distal term aṛó (B haṛó) `that' points to something a~little farther away, but still fully visible and identifiable, as in (\ref{ex:5-24}), where it refers to something in the actual utterance situation, and in (\ref{ex:5-25}), where it refers to something in the narrated situation.
A: word: míiš-a	 gloss: man-OBL
B: word: miiš-íi	 gloss: man-GEN
C: word: phiaaṛmaǰ-í	 gloss: side-OBL
D: word: míiš	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 38:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ čhéeli seetíl-i seentá ... las eendáa=the saat"=eeṇḍeéu ki tariqá baándi wíi ... las the beezáaya ṭoḍusóol-u seentá bi le xaraáp bh-éen-i
Gloss (with missing item): ___ goat keep.PFV-F CONDH ... 3SG.DIST.ACC like.this=do.CV keep-OBLG COMP method by water ... 3SG.DIST.ACC to extra cut.PFV"=MSG CONDH also 3FSG.DIST.NOM spoiled become-PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`This goat should be cared for like this{...} She should be given water at the proper time{...} Also, if she is fed too much, it is not good for her.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the distal term is used anaphorically (without any additional exophorical function), it is usually coreferential with a~main character or a~referent with special focus. Whereas the other referents, in an~exposé on the benefits of keeping goats, in (\ref{ex:5-27}), are referred to by the remote term, the goats are repeatedly~-- although not exclusively~-- referred to by the distal term (mostly in the singular).
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: eeṛáa	 gloss: there.DIST
C: word: eeṛé	 gloss: DIST
D: word: ṣuunt-u=wáand-u	 gloss: hear.PPTC"=MSG=ADJ"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 39:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): eeṛé ___ seetíl-i seentá ... las eendáa=the saat"=eeṇḍeéu ki tariqá baándi wíi ... las the beezáaya ṭoḍusóol-u seentá bi le xaraáp bh-éen-i
Gloss (with missing item): DIST ___ keep.PFV-F CONDH ... 3SG.DIST.ACC like.this=do.CV keep-OBLG COMP method by water ... 3SG.DIST.ACC to extra cut.PFV"=MSG CONDH also 3FSG.DIST.NOM spoiled become-PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`This goat should be cared for like this{...} She should be given water at the proper time{...} Also, if she is fed too much, it is not good for her.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the distal term is used anaphorically (without any additional exophorical function), it is usually coreferential with a~main character or a~referent with special focus. Whereas the other referents, in an~exposé on the benefits of keeping its gloss ___s, in (\ref{ex:5-27}), are referred to by the remote term, the its gloss ___s are repeatedly~-- although not exclusively~-- referred to by the distal term (mostly in the singular).
A: word: čhéeli	 gloss: goat
B: word: čhéelii	 gloss: goat.GEN
C: word: dees-óom	 gloss: day-OBL.PL
D: word: ǰandeé	 gloss: goat.PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 40:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): eeṛé čhéeli seetíl-i seentá ... ___ eendáa=the saat"=eeṇḍeéu ki tariqá baándi wíi ... las the beezáaya ṭoḍusóol-u seentá bi le xaraáp bh-éen-i
Gloss (with missing item): DIST goat keep.PFV-F CONDH ... ___ like.this=do.CV keep-OBLG COMP method by water ... 3SG.DIST.ACC to extra cut.PFV"=MSG CONDH also 3FSG.DIST.NOM spoiled become-PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`This goat should be cared for like this{...} She should be given water at the proper time{...} Also, if she is fed too much, it is not good for her.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the distal term is used anaphorically (without any additional exophorical function), it is usually coreferential with a~main character or a~referent with special focus. Whereas the other referents, in an~exposé on the benefits of keeping goats, in (\ref{ex:5-27}), are referred to by the remote term, the goats are repeatedly~-- although not exclusively~-- referred to by the distal term (mostly in the singular).
A: word: tas	 gloss: 3SG.ACC
B: word: mam	 gloss: 1SG.NOM.RED
C: word: lasíi	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.GEN
D: word: las	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 41:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): eeṛé čhéeli seetíl-i seentá ... las eendáa=the saat"=eeṇḍeéu ki tariqá baándi wíi ... ___ the beezáaya ṭoḍusóol-u seentá bi le xaraáp bh-éen-i
Gloss (with missing item): DIST goat keep.PFV-F CONDH ... 3SG.DIST.ACC like.this=do.CV keep-OBLG COMP method by water ... ___ to extra cut.PFV"=MSG CONDH also 3FSG.DIST.NOM spoiled become-PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`This goat should be cared for like this{...} She should be given water at the proper time{...} Also, if she is fed too much, it is not good for her.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the distal term is used anaphorically (without any additional exophorical function), it is usually coreferential with a~main character or a~referent with special focus. Whereas the other referents, in an~exposé on the benefits of keeping goats, in (\ref{ex:5-27}), are referred to by the remote term, the goats are repeatedly~-- although not exclusively~-- referred to by the distal term (mostly in the singular).
A: word: lasíi	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.GEN
B: word: róot-a	 gloss: night-OBL
C: word: las	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.ACC
D: word: tas	 gloss: 3SG.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 42:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): eeṛé čhéeli seetíl-i seentá ... las eendáa=the saat"=eeṇḍeéu ki tariqá baándi wíi ... las the beezáaya ṭoḍusóol-u seentá bi ___ xaraáp bh-éen-i
Gloss (with missing item): DIST goat keep.PFV-F CONDH ... 3SG.DIST.ACC like.this=do.CV keep-OBLG COMP method by water ... 3SG.DIST.ACC to extra cut.PFV"=MSG CONDH also ___ spoiled become-PRS-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`This goat should be cared for like this{...} She should be given water at the proper time{...} Also, if she is fed too much, it is not good for her.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the distal term is used anaphorically (without any additional exophorical function), it is usually coreferential with a~main character or a~referent with special focus. Whereas the other referents, in an~exposé on the benefits of keeping goats, in (\ref{ex:5-27}), are referred to by the remote term, the goats are repeatedly~-- although not exclusively~-- referred to by the distal term (mostly in the singular).
A: word: haṛó	 gloss: 3MSG.DIST.NOM
B: word: asaám	 gloss: 1PL.ACC
C: word: kasée=ɡale	 gloss: who.GEN=ever
D: word: le	 gloss: 3FSG.DIST.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 43:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ma díi xu ___ mheeríl-a, uɡheeṇíi-a mheeríl-a
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM from but ___ kill.PFV"=MPL Pashtun-PL kill.PFV"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`They [the people you gave me] were killed, the Pashtuns.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a~particular historical account, of which (\ref{ex:5-28}) is part, two groups of people are referred to, and while the remote term is used for either of them when it is clear which one is intended, the distal is used at a~point when there is a~need for special emphasis or clarification.
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: tanaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
C: word: aṛanaám	 gloss: 3PL.DIST.ACC
D: word: tenaám	 gloss: 3PL.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 44:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ wíi keé-na pila-áan-u thaní
Gloss (with missing item): ___ water why-NEG make.drink-PRS"=MSG QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`Why not let them/these drink water.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When a~referent is present and close by in the speech situation (in (\ref{ex:5-29}), a~shepherd's flock of sheep and goats), it is referred to anaphorically with the promixal term.
A: word: aṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
B: word: anís	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.ACC
C: word: aniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
D: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 45:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): tartíb lasíi ___ ki...
Gloss (with missing item): method 3SG.DIST.GEN ___ COMP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Its method is as follows{...}.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The discourse"=deictic use has to do with entire propositions being referenced rather than with tracking individual discourse participants. Its function is to combine chunks of discourse \citep[432]{diessel2006}, and is thus more abstract in its scope. In this rather specialised function, it seems the distal term is used most of the time. It may be either anticipatory, as in (\ref{ex:5-30}), or refer back to a~rather long preceding chunk of discourse as in (\ref{ex:5-31}).
A: word: eeṛé	 gloss: 3FSG.DIST.NOM
B: word: ṭhaaṭáaku	 gloss: monster
C: word: eeṛáa	 gloss: there.DIST
D: word: haṛó	 gloss: 3MSG.DIST.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 46:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): čhéelii phaaidá ___
Gloss (with missing item): goat.GEN benefit ___
The English translation of this sentence is:`These are the benefits of the goat.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The discourse"=deictic use has to do with entire propositions being referenced rather than with tracking individual discourse participants. Its function is to combine chunks of discourse \citep[432]{diessel2006}, and is thus more abstract in its scope. In this rather specialised function, it seems the distal term is used most of the time. It may be either anticipatory, as in (\ref{ex:5-30}), or refer back to a~rather long preceding chunk of discourse as in (\ref{ex:5-31}).
A: word: eesó	 gloss: 3MSG.REM.NOM
B: word: mašwará	 gloss: consultation
C: word: eeṛó	 gloss: 3MSG.DIST.NOM
D: word: eeṛé	 gloss: 3FSG.DIST.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 47:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thée se míiš-a the ___ qisá páta de ki bhalaá áa čhaṭ-í baándi ta mar-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): then DEF man-OBL to ___ story knowledge be.PST COMP evil.spirit one shot-OBL by CNTR die-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then the man remembered the saying that an~evil spirit dies by a~single shot.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the typical use seems to be pronominal, it also occurs adnominally, as in (\ref{ex:5-32}). It usually occurs in its strong form, but it may occasionally be less emphasised, as in (\ref{ex:5-33}), where the weak form refers back to the preceding proposition, thus ``naming'' what has already been defined through discourse.
A: word: eenú	 gloss: PROX.MSG.NOM
B: word: eeṛé	 gloss: 3FSG.DIST.NOM
C: word: haṛó	 gloss: 3MSG.DIST.NOM
D: word: eeṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 48:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): thée se míiš-a the eeṛó ___ páta de ki bhalaá áa čhaṭ-í baándi ta mar-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): then DEF man-OBL to DIST.MSG.NOM ___ knowledge be.PST COMP evil.spirit one shot-OBL by CNTR die-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then the man remembered the saying that an~evil spirit dies by a~single shot.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the typical use seems to be pronominal, it also occurs adnominally, as in (\ref{ex:5-32}). It usually occurs in its strong form, but it may occasionally be less emphasised, as in (\ref{ex:5-33}), where the weak form refers back to the preceding proposition, thus ``naming'' what has already been defined through discourse.
A: word: míi	 gloss: 1SG.GEN
B: word: qiseé	 gloss: story.PL
C: word: asaám	 gloss: 1PL.ACC
D: word: qisá	 gloss: story
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 49:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ the asíi čoolaá man-áan-a dúula
Gloss (with missing item): ___ to 1PL.GEN language say-PRS"=MPL ``duula''
The English translation of this sentence is:`In our language we call this ``duula'' [appr. proposal of marriage].'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Although the typical use seems to be pronominal, it also occurs adnominally, as in (\ref{ex:5-32}). It usually occurs in its strong form, but it may occasionally be less emphasised, as in (\ref{ex:5-33}), where the weak form refers back to the preceding proposition, thus ``naming'' what has already been defined through discourse.
A: word: tas	 gloss: 3SG.ACC
B: word: hanís	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.ACC
C: word: las	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.ACC
D: word: lasíi	 gloss: 3SG.DIST.GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 50:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): teeṇíi maǰí ___ mašwará thíil-u
Gloss (with missing item): REFL among ___ consultation do.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Between themselves they made this plan{...}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the demonstrative is immediately introducing a~chunk of discourse, the proximal term can also be used, as in (\ref{ex:5-34}), probably with the additional effect that the listener is invited into a~private exchange between a~husband and his wife.
A: word: aṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
B: word: akaadúi	 gloss: RECP
C: word: eenú	 gloss: PROX.MSG.NOM
D: word: šeenbóo-a	 gloss: leg.of.bed-PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 51:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): teeṇíi maǰí eenú ___ thíil-u
Gloss (with missing item): REFL among PROX.MSG.NOM ___ do.PFV"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Between themselves they made this plan{...}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: If the demonstrative is immediately introducing a~chunk of discourse, the proximal term can also be used, as in (\ref{ex:5-34}), probably with the additional effect that the listener is invited into a~private exchange between a~husband and his wife.
A: word: milaáu	 gloss: meeting
B: word: amzarái	 gloss: lion
C: word: the	 gloss: to
D: word: mašwará	 gloss: consultation
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 52:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dharéndi ba áa bhalaá kúṛi=ee míiš-ii ___ mašwará ṣúṇ-a de
Gloss (with missing item): outside TOP IDEF evil.spirit woman=CNJ man-GEN ___ consultation listen-3SG PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`Outside an~evil spirit was listening to that plan the wife and husband made.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The same `plan' or `consultation' is a~little later, in (\ref{ex:5-35}), referred to with the distal term, then from the perspective of a~secret listener, standing outside the house where the exchange was taking place. The remote term does not seem to be frequently used discourse"=deictically. A possible example may be the one in (\ref{ex:5-36}), where the demonstrative refers to a~point in time in a~narrative, the `night' following the events described in the immediately preceding chunk of discourse. However, this rather specialised function, \citet[225]{himmelmann1996} defines as a~subtype of discourse"=deictic use.
A: word: eenú	 gloss: PROX.MSG.NOM
B: word: eeṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
C: word: eeṛé	 gloss: 3FSG.DIST.NOM
D: word: kakaríi	 gloss: skull
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B