cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): típa aní mauǰudá waqt-íi ma ___ bakáara-m-ii kasúb th-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): now PROX present time.GEN 1SG.NOM ___ herd-OBL"=GEN occupation do-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`Nowadays I myself am engaged in shepherding.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: However, in uses with nominative pronominal forms, as in (\ref{ex:5-9}), it takes on a~meaning similar to `I myself'. Note that this, in Palula, is a~function distinct from that of the reflexive pronouns (see \sectref{sec:5-4}).
A: word: eé	 gloss: AMPL
B: word: ɡáaḍ-am	 gloss: big-MPL.OBL
C: word: teéz	 gloss: strong
D: word: eesé	 gloss: REM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 17:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ eé ɡíi hín-i aḍaphaár tií
Gloss (with missing item): ___ AMPL go.PFV.FSG be.PRS-F halfways until
The English translation of this sentence is:`I myself went halfways.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A~reduplicated form of a~pronoun and the suffix, as in (\ref{ex:5-10}), is used in approximately the same sense.
A: word: mam	 gloss: 1SG.NOM.RED
B: word: zamindaár	 gloss: farmer
C: word: ɡubáa	 gloss: some
D: word: máa=the	 gloss: 1SG.NOM=to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 18:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): mam ___ ɡíi hín-i aḍaphaár tií
Gloss (with missing item): 1SG.NOM.RED ___ go.PFV.FSG be.PRS-F halfways until
The English translation of this sentence is:`I myself went halfways.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A~reduplicated form of a~pronoun and the suffix, as in (\ref{ex:5-10}), is used in approximately the same sense.
A: word: eé	 gloss: AMPL
B: word: ǰhaṭíl-u	 gloss: hairy-MSG
C: word: ɡáaḍ-am	 gloss: big-MPL.OBL
D: word: teéz	 gloss: strong
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 19:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dúu ta ___ ni eé ac̣híi-a dúu ba tóoruṇ-a wée
Gloss (with missing item): two CNTR ___ PROX AMPL eye-PL two TOP forehead-OBL in
The English translation of this sentence is:`Two were those very eyes of mine, and two were up on my forehead.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The particle eé can also be used with a demonstrative, as in (\ref{ex:5-11}).
A: word: thíi	 gloss: 2SG.GEN
B: word: míi	 gloss: 1SG.GEN
C: word: asím	 gloss: 1PL.ERG
D: word: míiš	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 20:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dúu ta míi ___ eé ac̣híi-a dúu ba tóoruṇ-a wée
Gloss (with missing item): two CNTR 1SG.GEN ___ AMPL eye-PL two TOP forehead-OBL in
The English translation of this sentence is:`Two were those very eyes of mine, and two were up on my forehead.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The particle eé can also be used with a demonstrative, as in (\ref{ex:5-11}).
A: word: mhaaranií	 gloss: kill.VN
B: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
C: word: ni	 gloss: PROX
D: word: aníi	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 21:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): dúu ta míi ni ___ ac̣híi-a dúu ba tóoruṇ-a wée
Gloss (with missing item): two CNTR 1SG.GEN PROX ___ eye-PL two TOP forehead-OBL in
The English translation of this sentence is:`Two were those very eyes of mine, and two were up on my forehead.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The particle the morpheme ___ can also be used with a demonstrative, as in (\ref{ex:5-11}).
A: word: the	 gloss: to
B: word: eé	 gloss: AMPL
C: word: teéz	 gloss: strong
D: word: ɡáaḍ-am	 gloss: big-MPL.OBL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 22:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ aní kaafir"=aan-óom sanɡí madád th-áan-u
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PROX unbeliever-PL"=OBL.PL with help do-PRS"=MSG
The English translation of this sentence is:`He is helping these unbelievers.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine--feminine gender distinction is found only in the singular nominative, compare (\ref{ex:5-13}) and (\ref{ex:5-14}), whereas masculine and feminine are syncretised in the plural, as is evident when comparing (\ref{ex:5-15}) with (\ref{ex:5-15b}).
A: word: kakaríi	 gloss: skull
B: word: so	 gloss: 3MSG.NOM
C: word: soóč	 gloss: thinking
D: word: míḍ=ee	 gloss: ram=CNJ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 23:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ bhraawú bh-áan-a
Gloss (with missing item): ___ brother.PL become-PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`They become brothers.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine--feminine gender distinction is found only in the singular nominative, compare (\ref{ex:5-13}) and (\ref{ex:5-14}), whereas masculine and feminine are syncretithe morpheme ___d in the plural, as is evident when comparing (\ref{ex:5-15}) with (\ref{ex:5-15b}).
A: word: seéb	 gloss: sir
B: word: xox	 gloss: liking
C: word: míiš	 gloss: man
D: word: se	 gloss: 3PL.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 24:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): kareé=ɡale ___ múṛ-im ta, asím tenaám ḍhanɡéel-im
Gloss (with missing item): when=ever ___ die.PFV-FPL SUB 1PL.ERG 3PL.ACC bury.PFV-FPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`When they [the woman and her daughter] died, we buried them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The masculine--feminine gender distinction is found only in the singular nominative, compare (\ref{ex:5-13}) and (\ref{ex:5-14}), whereas masculine and feminine are syncretithe morpheme ___d in the plural, as is evident when comparing (\ref{ex:5-15}) with (\ref{ex:5-15b}).
A: word: se	 gloss: 3PL.NOM
B: word: eeṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
C: word: yh-úum	 gloss: com-1SG
D: word: seéb	 gloss: sir
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 25:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kakaríi kasíi thaní
Gloss (with missing item): ___ skull whose QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] said, ``Whose skull is this?''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The proximal term anú, the morpheme ___ `this' points to something or someone close at hand. In its most typical use, it is adnominal while pointing to an~object, as in (\ref{ex:5-18}).
A: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
B: word: aní	 gloss: PROX
C: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
D: word: qisá	 gloss: story
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 26:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aní ___ kasíi thaní
Gloss (with missing item): PROX ___ whose QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`[He] said, ``Whose skull is this?''.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The proximal term anú, aní `this' points to something or someone close at hand. In its most typical use, it is adnominal while pointing to an~object, as in (\ref{ex:5-18}).
A: word: kakaríi	 gloss: skull
B: word: atsharíit"=am	 gloss: Ashreti-PL.OBL
C: word: ṣiṣ	 gloss: head
D: word: ǰhaṭíl-u	 gloss: hairy-MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 27:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ asíi nóo zindá thíil-u thaní
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1PL.GEN name life do.PFV"=MSG QUOT
The English translation of this sentence is:`They said, ``This one has saved our reputation.'''
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{ex:5-19}), on the other hand, it refers pronominally to a~man who in the quoted speakers' presence has just defeated a~fierce bear, what \citet[222]{himmelmann1996} describes as reference in the narrated situation. In example (\ref{ex:5-20}), it points, in a~similar fashion, to a~boy who is threatened with being captured and taken away from his stepfather, who is the speaker within the narrative, and who is standing right next to the boy. In (\ref{ex:5-21}), the location is the same as where the speaker finds himself in at the speaking moment, although talking about times long ago, and is therefore an~instance of situational use in the actual utterance situation \citep[222]{himmelmann1996}.
A: word: aníi	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL
B: word: eenú	 gloss: PROX.MSG.NOM
C: word: aníi=wee	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL=in
D: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 28:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ɡhin-í háar"=ui típa ba
Gloss (with missing item): ___ take-CV take.away-IMP.PL now TOP
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then, go ahead and take him away!'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{ex:5-19}), on the other hand, it refers pronominally to a~man who in the quoted speakers' presence has just defeated a~fierce bear, what \citet[222]{himmelmann1996} describes as reference in the narrated situation. In example (\ref{ex:5-20}), it points, in a~similar fashion, to a~boy who is threatened with being captured and taken away from his stepfather, who is the speaker within the narrative, and who is standing right next to the boy. In (\ref{ex:5-21}), the location is the same as where the speaker finds himself in at the speaking moment, although talking about times long ago, and is therefore an~instance of situational use in the actual utterance situation \citep[222]{himmelmann1996}.
A: word: zaán	 gloss: self
B: word: hanís	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.ACC
C: word: thaní	 gloss: QUOT
D: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 29:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ watán áa zanɡál de
Gloss (with missing item): ___ land IDEF forest be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`This land was like a~forest.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{ex:5-19}), on the other hand, it refers pronominally to a~man who in the quoted speakers' presence has just defeated a~fierce bear, what \citet[222]{himmelmann1996} describes as reference in the narrated situation. In example (\ref{ex:5-20}), it points, in a~similar fashion, to a~boy who is threatened with being captured and taken away from his stepfather, who is the speaker within the narrative, and who is standing right next to the boy. In (\ref{ex:5-21}), the location is the same as where the speaker finds himself in at the speaking moment, although talking about times long ago, and is therefore an~instance of situational use in the actual utterance situation \citep[222]{himmelmann1996}.
A: word: hanú	 gloss: 3MSG.PROX.NOM
B: word: anú	 gloss: 3MSG.PROX.NOM
C: word: eesó	 gloss: 3MSG.REM.NOM
D: word: qisá	 gloss: story
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 30:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): anú ___ áa zanɡál de
Gloss (with missing item): 3MSG.PROX.NOM ___ IDEF forest be.PST
The English translation of this sentence is:`This land was like a~forest.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{ex:5-19}), on the other hand, it refers pronominally to a~man who in the quoted speakers' presence has just defeated a~fierce bear, what \citet[222]{himmelmann1996} describes as reference in the narrated situation. In example (\ref{ex:5-20}), it points, in a~similar fashion, to a~boy who is threatened with being captured and taken away from his stepfather, who is the speaker within the narrative, and who is standing right next to the boy. In (\ref{ex:5-21}), the location is the same as where the speaker finds himself in at the speaking moment, although talking about times long ago, and is therefore an~instance of situational use in the actual utterance situation \citep[222]{himmelmann1996}.
A: word: watán	 gloss: land
B: word: atáa	 gloss: there
C: word: aníi	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.OBL
D: word: ɡóo	 gloss: where
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 31:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ dees-óom atsareet-á wée qariibán čúur zára kušúni hín-a
Gloss (with missing item): ___ day-OBL.PL Ashret-OBL in about four thousand.PL households be.PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`In these days there are about 4,000 households in Ashret.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The proximal term could also refer to temporal closeness, such as in (\ref{ex:5-22}), where it refers to the time of the utterance.
A: word: aní	 gloss: PROX
B: word: eeṛé	 gloss: 3FSG.DIST.NOM
C: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
D: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 32:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): aní ___ atsareet-á wée qariibán čúur zára kušúni hín-a
Gloss (with missing item): PROX ___ Ashret-OBL in about four thousand.PL households be.PRS"=MPL
The English translation of this sentence is:`In these days there are about 4,000 households in Ashret.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The proximal term could also refer to temporal closeness, such as in (\ref{ex:5-22}), where it refers to the time of the utterance.
A: word: dees-á	 gloss: day-OBL
B: word: dees-á	 gloss: day-OBL
C: word: phiaaṛmaǰ-í	 gloss: side-OBL
D: word: dees-óom	 gloss: day-OBL.PL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 33:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): áak"=ii ta ḍheerdáṛ nikhéet-i áak"=ii ba ___ phiaaṛmaǰ-í wée breéx nikhéet-i
Gloss (with missing item): one-GEN CNTR stomach.pain appear.PFV-F one-GEN TOP ___ side-OBL in pain appear.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`One of them felt pain in his stomach, and the other in this side.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A simultaneous (and explanatory) reference to, for example, a~body part of a~character in a~narrative and the body part of the speaker, in (\ref{ex:5-23}) (accompanied by a~pointing gesture), is also done with the proximal term.
A: word: aniniaám	 gloss: 3PL.PROX.ACC
B: word: aní	 gloss: PROX
C: word: aṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
D: word: maníit-u	 gloss: say.PFV"=MSG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 34:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): áak"=ii ta ḍheerdáṛ nikhéet-i áak"=ii ba aní ___ wée breéx nikhéet-i
Gloss (with missing item): one-GEN CNTR stomach.pain appear.PFV-F one-GEN TOP PROX ___ in pain appear.PFV-F
The English translation of this sentence is:`One of them felt pain in his stomach, and the other in this side.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A simultaneous (and explanatory) reference to, for example, a~body part of a~character in a~narrative and the body part of the speaker, in (\ref{ex:5-23}) (accompanied by a~pointing gesture), is also done with the proximal term.
A: word: phiaaṛmaǰ-í	 gloss: side-OBL
B: word: háat-a	 gloss: hand-OBL
C: word: ziaarat-í	 gloss: shrine-PL
D: word: asaám	 gloss: 1PL.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 35:
You are a linguist specializing in Palula. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ kasée ɡhoóṣṭ
Gloss (with missing item): ___ whose house
The English translation of this sentence is:`Whose house is that [pointing]?'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The distal term aṛó (B the morpheme ___) `that' points to something a~little farther away, but still fully visible and identifiable, as in (\ref{ex:5-24}), where it refers to something in the actual utterance situation, and in (\ref{ex:5-25}), where it refers to something in the narrated situation.
A: word: hanís	 gloss: 3SG.PROX.ACC
B: word: eesó	 gloss: 3MSG.REM.NOM
C: word: haṛó	 gloss: 3MSG.DIST.NOM
D: word: aṛó	 gloss: DIST.MSG.NOM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C