cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [nə-ndav=alaj [Ø ___
Gloss (with missing item): oneS-finish=away { ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I finish writing.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: with constructions that represent a finished, accomplished event,\footnote{The situation refers to something that occurred in the past with ongoing effects to the point of reference.} e.g., the nominalised form is found as a complement of ndav ‘finish,’ (\ref{ex:12:1}, see \sectref{sec:7.6}). In contrast, the dependent form is found in constructions that refer to an event that is incomplete or unachieved at the time of the matrix situation, e.g., the dependent form is found as a complement of the verb of inception %%\is{Tense, mood, and aspect!Inception}
A: word: aka	 gloss: on
B: word: mɪ-hɪm-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-run-CL
C: word: mɪ-tɛtʃ-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-close-CL
D: word: mu-wutʃ-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-write-CL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [nə-ndav=alaj [Ø ___
Gloss (with missing item): oneS-finish=away { ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I finish writing.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:12:1} the nominalised form is the direct object of the matrix verb ndav ‘finish.’
A: word: mu-wutʃ-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-write-CL
B: word: mɪ-hɪm-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-run-CL
C: word: asa	 gloss: if
D: word: mɪ-tɛtʃ-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-close-CL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ na] a-s=aw]
Gloss (with missing item): ___ PSP 3S-please=oneS.IO
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I want the leftovers.’ (lit. its remains pleases me)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A clause with the nominalised form can function as an argument of another verb. It is the subject in \REF{ex:12:2} and the direct object in (\ref{ex:12:3}--\ref{ex:12:6}). In each case, the nominalised form indicates that the event expressed by the verb is completed.
A: word: mɪ-g-ijɛ=aŋgʷɔ	 gloss: NOM-do-CL=twoS.POSS
B: word: ʃɛʃɛ=ahaŋ	 gloss: {meat=3S.POSS
C: word: pataw	 gloss: cat
D: word: mɪ-mbɪɗ-ɛ=ahaŋ	 gloss: NOM-remain-CL=3S.POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [bahaj à-mak-aj [Ø ___ ʃɛʃɛ]]
Gloss (with missing item): chief 3S+PFV-leave-CL { ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The chief stopped eating meat.’ (lit. the chief left the eating of meat)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A clause with the nominalised form can function as an argument of another verb. It is the subject in \REF{ex:12:2} and the direct object in (\ref{ex:12:3}--\ref{ex:12:6}). In each case, the nominalised form indicates that the event expressed by the verb is completed.
A: word: mɪ-ndɛw-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-swallow-CL
B: word: mɪ-ʒʊm-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-eat-CL
C: word: asa	 gloss: if
D: word: mɪ-ʒʊm-ɛ=uwla	 gloss: NOM-eat-CL=oneS.POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a-s=aw na [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]
Gloss (with missing item): 3S-please=oneS.IO PSP chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I want the chief to eat meat.’ (lit. that the chief should eat meat pleases me).
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Dependent clauses are also found in complement clauses for verbs of desire. For example, the complement clause for the verb s ‘please’ in (\ref{ex:12:11}--\ref{ex:12:13}) expresses the unrealised object of the desire. Note that the subject of the complement clause (Ø) has the same referent as the indirect object of the matrix clause (=aw ‘to me’) in (\ref{ex:12:11}).\footnote{Compare with \REF{ex:12:22} in \sectref{sec:12.1.2} where the subject of the complement clause is different and must be specified in the clause.}
A: word: à-paɗə=va	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch=PRF
B: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
C: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
D: word: áá-l=ala	 gloss: 3S+POT-go=to
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [nə-ɗəgal-aj na [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]]
Gloss (with missing item): oneS-think-CL PSP chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I think [that] the chief ate meat.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finite complement clauses are used with verbs that express propositional attitude, with verbs of speech, and with verbs of desire. The complement clause is the direct object of verbs expressing propositional attitude: ‘know’ \REF{ex:12:14}, ‘think’ \REF{ex:12:15}, ‘believe’ \REF{ex:12:16}, ‘doubt’ \REF{ex:12:17}, ‘forget’ \REF{ex:12:18}, and ‘worry’ \REF{ex:12:19}. Many of the examples in this section are elicited and therefore the first clause is followed by the presupposition marker na (\sectref{sec:11.1}). This marker indicates that the first clause contains presupposed (mutually known) information (in this case, the presupposition was established by the elicitation question).
A: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
B: word: ndahaŋ	 gloss: 3S
C: word: à-paɗə=va	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch=PRF
D: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [na-faɗ na [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]]
Gloss (with missing item): oneS-place PSP chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I believe [that] the chief ate meat.’ (lit. I place, the chief already ate meat)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finite complement clauses are used with verbs that express propositional attitude, with verbs of speech, and with verbs of desire. The complement clause is the direct object of verbs expressing propositional attitude: ‘know’ \REF{ex:12:14}, ‘think’ \REF{ex:12:15}, ‘believe’ \REF{ex:12:16}, ‘doubt’ \REF{ex:12:17}, ‘forget’ \REF{ex:12:18}, and ‘worry’ \REF{ex:12:19}. Many of the examples in this section are elicited and therefore the first clause is followed by the presupposition marker na (\sectref{sec:11.1}). This marker indicates that the first clause contains presupposed (mutually known) information (in this case, the presupposition was established by the elicitation question).
A: word: à-paɗə=va	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch=PRF
B: word: mɪ-ʒʊm-ɛ	 gloss: NOM-eat-CL
C: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
D: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [nə-kaɗ waja na [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]]
Gloss (with missing item): oneS-kill because PSP chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I doubt [that] the chief ate meat.’ (lit. I counsel that)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finite complement clauses are used with verbs that express propositional attitude, with verbs of speech, and with verbs of desire. The complement clause is the direct object of verbs expressing propositional attitude: ‘know’ \REF{ex:12:14}, ‘think’ \REF{ex:12:15}, ‘believe’ \REF{ex:12:16}, ‘doubt’ \REF{ex:12:17}, ‘forget’ \REF{ex:12:18}, and ‘worry’ \REF{ex:12:19}. Many of the examples in this section are elicited and therefore the first clause is followed by the presupposition marker na (\sectref{sec:11.1}). This marker indicates that the first clause contains presupposed (mutually known) information (in this case, the presupposition was established by the elicitation question).
A: word: à-paɗə=va	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch=PRF
B: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
C: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
D: word: ʃɛʃɛ	 gloss: meat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [a-tʃəkəɮ=aw a har ava [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]]
Gloss (with missing item): 3S-forget=oneS.IO at body in chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I forgot [that] the chief ate meat.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finite complement clauses are used with verbs that express propositional attitude, with verbs of speech, and with verbs of desire. The complement clause is the direct object of verbs expressing propositional attitude: ‘know’ \REF{ex:12:14}, ‘think’ \REF{ex:12:15}, ‘believe’ \REF{ex:12:16}, ‘doubt’ \REF{ex:12:17}, ‘forget’ \REF{ex:12:18}, and ‘worry’ \REF{ex:12:19}. Many of the examples in this section are elicited and therefore the first clause is followed by the presupposition marker na (\sectref{sec:11.1}). This marker indicates that the first clause contains presupposed (mutually known) information (in this case, the presupposition was established by the elicitation question).
A: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
B: word: à-paɗə=va	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch=PRF
C: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
D: word: pataw	 gloss: cat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [na-ɮaw-aj na [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]]
Gloss (with missing item): oneS-fear-CL PSP chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I am afraid [that] the chief ate meat.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Finite complement clauses are used with verbs that express propositional attitude, with verbs of speech, and with verbs of desire. The complement clause is the direct object of verbs expressing propositional attitude: ‘know’ \REF{ex:12:14}, ‘think’ \REF{ex:12:15}, ‘believe’ \REF{ex:12:16}, ‘doubt’ \REF{ex:12:17}, ‘forget’ \REF{ex:12:18}, and ‘worry’ \REF{ex:12:19}. Many of the examples in this section are elicited and therefore the first clause is followed by the presupposition marker na (\sectref{sec:11.1}). This marker indicates that the first clause contains presupposed (mutually known) information (in this case, the presupposition was established by the elicitation question).
A: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
B: word: à-paɗə=va	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch=PRF
C: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
D: word: á-zɔm	 gloss: 3S+IFV-eat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [nɛ awij [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]]
Gloss (with missing item): oneS said chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I said [that] the chief ate meat.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Indirect speech is often expressed using a complement clause with a finite verb (\ref{ex:12:20}--\ref{ex:12:21}).
A: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
B: word: mà-zɔm	 gloss: 3S+HOR-eat
C: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
D: word: à-paɗə=va	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch=PRF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a-s=aw na [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]
Gloss (with missing item): 3S-please=oneS.IO PSP chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I want the chief to eat meat.’ (lit. that the chief should eat meat pleases me).
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Complement clauses with irrealis verbs\is{Tense, mood, and aspect!Irrealis mood} are embedded under matrix verbs of will and desire (‘wish,’ ‘want,’ ‘hope’). \REF{ex:12:22} shows a complement of the verb asaw ‘it pleases me.’ The complement shows the object of the desire expressed in the matrix clause. The complement has a different subject than the {\LOC} of the desire in the matrix clause. The verb is finite and its subject is made explicit.\footnote{Compare with \REF{ex:12:11} from \sectref{sec:12.1.1} which shows a complement with the same subject as the location of the desire in the matrix clause.}
A: word: ʃɛʃɛ=ahaŋ	 gloss: {meat=3S.POSS
B: word: kà-ɬ-aj	 gloss: twoS+PFV-slay-CL
C: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
D: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): a-s=aw na [bahaj ___ ʃɛʃɛ]
Gloss (with missing item): 3S-please=oneS.IO PSP chief ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I want the chief to eat meat.’ (lit. that the chief should eat meat pleases me).
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:12:22} above, the complement clause is the subject of the main verb; in \REF{ex:12:23}, it is the indirect object.\footnote{In Moloko, the indirect object uniformly expresses the semantic {\LOC} (e.g., recipient or beneficiary, see \chapref{chap:9}). In this case, the metaphorical location of the imploring is its purpose -- where the speaker wants to go with his actions towards the chief. The semantic Theme (the chief) is being persuaded to the {\LOC} (eating meat).}
A: word: ɗuw	 gloss: also
B: word: à-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+PFV-crunch-CL
C: word: asa	 gloss: if
D: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): nə-dəbak-aj bahaj na ana ___ ʃɛʃɛ]
Gloss (with missing item): oneS-implore-CL chief PSP DAT ___ meat
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I persuaded the chief to eat meat.’ (lit. I implored the chief to he should eat meat)
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In \REF{ex:12:22} above, the complement clause is the subject of the main verb; in \REF{ex:12:23}, it is the indirect object.\footnote{In Moloko, the indirect object uniformly expresses the semantic {\LOC} (e.g., recipient or beneficiary, see \chapref{chap:9}). In this case, the metaphorical location of the imploring is its purpose -- where the speaker wants to go with his actions towards the chief. The semantic Theme (the chief) is being persuaded to the {\LOC} (eating meat).}
A: word: mà-zɔm	 gloss: 3S+HOR-eat
B: word: asa	 gloss: if
C: word: tɔ-zɔm	 gloss: 3P-eat
D: word: á-zɔm	 gloss: 3S+IFV-eat
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): [[ndahaŋ ___ mɪ-bɛl-ɛ a mbʊkʷɔ=ahaj dɪrɛffɛfɛ na]
Gloss (with missing item): \hspaceThis{[[3S ___ NOM-move-CL GEN Mbuko=Pl ID:movement PSP
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He, hearing the movement of the Mbuko' (lit. he to hear moving of Mbukos dəreffefe),
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Adverbial clauses give oblique information concerning the verb in the matrix clause. The adverbial clause containing a dependent verb is embedded in the main clause as the first or last element. Adverbial clauses before the matrix clause (\ref{ex:12:24}--\ref{ex:12:26}) function to express an event in progress at the time of the matrix event or situation. The entire adverbial clause is delimited by square brackets and the dependent verb is bolded in the examples. The subject of the dependent adverbial clause must be known in the context; in \REF{ex:12:24}, the subject is Ø and in (\ref{ex:12:25}--\ref{ex:12:26}) the subject pronoun ndahan precedes the dependent clause.
A: word: azana	 gloss: maybe
B: word: amɪ-tʃɛŋ	 gloss: DEP-hear
C: word: ɛ-tʃɛŋ	 gloss: 3S-hear
D: word: amɪ-mɪnʒɪrɛ	 gloss: DEP-see
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ k\'{ɛ}-g-ɛ akar na] náá-ɓ=ɔkʷ
Gloss (with missing item): ___ twoS+IFV-do-CL theft PSP oneS+POT-beat=twoS.IO
The English translation of this sentence is:‘If you steal, I will beat you.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subordinating conjuction the morpheme ___ ‘its gloss ___’ intoduces a condition on the realisation of the event expressed by the main clause. The construction is the morpheme ___ plus the conditional clause. The end of the subordinate clause is delimited by the presupposition marker na or the particle ɗəw 'also.' Which marker is employed depends upon speaker assessment. If the presupposition marker na delimits the condition (\ref{ex:12:42}--\ref{ex:12:44}), the clause is neutral with respect to whether the speaker expects the condition to be fulfilled or not. In the examples of this section, both the subordinating conjunction and presupposition or ‘unexpected’ information marker are bolded, and the subordinate clause is delimited by square brackets.
A: word: asa	 gloss: if
B: word: mà-paɗ-aj	 gloss: 3S+HOR-crunch-CL
C: word: asa-baj	 gloss: again-NEG
D: word: azana	 gloss: maybe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 16:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mɪʒɛ=ahaj tə-tsah-aj ɛlɛ ɗuw] Hʊrmbʊlɔm ɛ-tʃɛŋ asa-baj
Gloss (with missing item): ___ person=Pl 3P-ask-CL thing also God 3S-hear again-NEG
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Even if people ask for anything, God doesn’t hear anymore.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the subordinated clause is delimited by ɗəw ‘also' (\ref{ex:12:45}--\ref{ex:12:46}), the meaning of the morpheme ___ shits gloss ___ts to more of a concessive idea.
A: word: azana	 gloss: maybe
B: word: asa-baj	 gloss: again-NEG
C: word: asa	 gloss: if
D: word: ʃɛʃɛ=ahaŋ	 gloss: {meat=3S.POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C