cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 154:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Amerika kerer-e-mik na-i-ya, ___ wia uruf-ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): America appear-PA-1/3p say-NP-PR.3s ___ 3p.ACC see-be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a sentence the final, fully inflected verbs are already on the basis of their position more prominent than other verbs, and they cannot receive focus marking. But the medial verbs may be given extra prominence with the neutral focus clitic \REF{ex:9:x1727}.
A: word: ek-ap	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
B: word: uura	 gloss: night
C: word: ikiw-ep=ko	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ=NF
D: word: ikiw-ep	 gloss: go-SS.SEQ
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 155:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Takira ___ wia aruf-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): boy ___ 3p.ACC hit-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Even the verbal negation particle \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{me} `not' can be marked with the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} clitic, in which case the focus is on negating the whole proposition \REF{ex:9:x1728}.
A: word: uf-owa	 gloss: dance-NMZ
B: word: ame=ke	 gloss: ASSOC=CF
C: word: oko=ko	 gloss: other=NF
D: word: me=ko	 gloss: not=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 156:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ era=ko imen-ap=ko yia asip-e.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ way=NF find-SS.SEQ=NF 1p.ACC help-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`If you find a way, please help us.' Or: `Please find a way to help us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A clause can only have one contrastive focus,\footnote{Clauses with a locative adverb neeke or feeke (\sectref{sec:3.6.3}) are an exception.} but negations and especially polite requests may contain two or even three constituents marked with the neutral focus \REF{ex:9:x1729}.
A: word: samor	 gloss: badly
B: word: ena	 gloss: SPEC
C: word: yo=ko	 gloss: 1s.UNM=NF
D: word: no=ko	 gloss: 2s.UNM=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 157:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No=ko ___ imen-ap=ko yia asip-e.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM=NF ___ find-SS.SEQ=NF 1p.ACC help-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`If you find a way, please help us.' Or: `Please find a way to help us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A clause can only have one contrastive focus,\footnote{Clauses with a locative adverb neeke or feeke (\sectref{sec:3.6.3}) are an exception.} but negations and especially polite requests may contain two or even three constituents marked with the neutral focus \REF{ex:9:x1729}.
A: word: maa=ko	 gloss: thing=NF
B: word: ifera=ko	 gloss: salt=NF
C: word: era=ko	 gloss: way=NF
D: word: era=pa=ko	 gloss: road=LOC=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 158:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): No=ko era=ko ___ yia asip-e.
Gloss (with missing item): 2s.UNM=NF way=NF ___ 1p.ACC help-IMP.2s
The English translation of this sentence is:`If you find a way, please help us.' Or: `Please find a way to help us.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: A clause can only have one contrastive focus,\footnote{Clauses with a locative adverb neeke or feeke (\sectref{sec:3.6.3}) are an exception.} but negations and especially polite requests may contain two or even three constituents marked with the neutral focus \REF{ex:9:x1729}.
A: word: imen-ap=na	 gloss: find-SS.SEQ=TP
B: word: imen-ap	 gloss: find-SS.SEQ
C: word: akia	 gloss: banana
D: word: imen-ap=ko	 gloss: find-SS.SEQ=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 159:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ maa nain=ko me aaw-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ thing that1=NF not take-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`It wasn't I who took that thing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two focus markers are not mutually exclusive, and consequently they can co-occur in one clause \REF{ex:9:x1737}.
A: word: is=ke	 gloss: 1p.FC=CF
B: word: (yos=ke)	 gloss: 1s.FC=CF
C: word: ifa	 gloss: leaf
D: word: yos=ke	 gloss: 1s.FC=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 160:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yos=ke ___ nain=ko me aaw-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.FC=CF ___ that1=NF not take-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`It wasn't I who took that thing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two focus markers are not mutually exclusive, and consequently they can co-occur in one clause \REF{ex:9:x1737}.
A: word: mauwa=ke	 gloss: what=CF
B: word: maa	 gloss: thing
C: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
D: word: on-a-n	 gloss: do-PA-2s
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 161:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Yos=ke maa ___ me aaw-e-m.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.FC=CF thing ___ not take-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`It wasn't I who took that thing.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The two focus markers are not mutually exclusive, and consequently they can co-occur in one clause \REF{ex:9:x1737}.
A: word: maa	 gloss: thing/food
B: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
C: word: nain-(ke)	 gloss: that1-(CF)
D: word: nain=ke	 gloss: that=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 162:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua nain ___ me yia far-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): man that1 ___ not 1p.ACC call-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The constituent with focus marking retains the same position in a clause that it has in a non-focused clause. When a personal pronoun in some other case than nominative receives neutral focus, an unmarked pronoun is added as a pronoun copy and marked with the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} clitic \REF{ex:9:x1743}. When this pronoun gets fronted as a theme, it is the pronoun copy that is fronted \REF{ex:9:x1744}.
A: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
B: word: yo=ko	 gloss: 1s.UNM=NF
C: word: i=ko	 gloss: 1p.UNM=NF
D: word: naareke	 gloss: who.CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 163:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Mua nain i=ko me ___ far-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): man that1 1p.UNM=NF not ___ call-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The constituent with focus marking retains the same position in a clause that it has in a non-focused clause. When a personal pronoun in some other case than nominative receives neutral focus, an unmarked pronoun is added as a pronoun copy and marked with the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} clitic \REF{ex:9:x1743}. When this pronoun gets fronted as a theme, it is the pronoun copy that is fronted \REF{ex:9:x1744}.
A: word: no=ko	 gloss: 2s.UNM=NF
B: word: yiar	 gloss: 1p.DAT
C: word: miim-ap	 gloss: hear-SS.SEQ
D: word: yia	 gloss: 1p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 164:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ mua nain-(ke) me yia far-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ man that1-(CF) not 1p.ACC call-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The constituent with focus marking retains the same position in a clause that it has in a non-focused clause. When a personal pronoun in some other case than nominative receives neutral focus, an unmarked pronoun is added as a pronoun copy and marked with the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} clitic \REF{ex:9:x1743}. When this pronoun gets fronted as a theme, it is the pronoun copy that is fronted \REF{ex:9:x1744}.
A: word: iperowa=ke	 gloss: middle.aged=CF
B: word: nain=ko	 gloss: that1=NF
C: word: i=ko	 gloss: 1p.UNM=NF
D: word: yo=ko	 gloss: 1s.UNM=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 165:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I=ko mua nain-(ke) me ___ far-e-k.
Gloss (with missing item): 1p.UNM=NF man that1-(CF) not ___ call-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The constituent with focus marking retains the same position in a clause that it has in a non-focused clause. When a personal pronoun in some other case than nominative receives neutral focus, an unmarked pronoun is added as a pronoun copy and marked with the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} clitic \REF{ex:9:x1743}. When this pronoun gets fronted as a theme, it is the pronoun copy that is fronted \REF{ex:9:x1744}.
A: word: wapen=iw	 gloss: hand=INST
B: word: ik-e-k	 gloss: roast-PA-3s
C: word: yiar	 gloss: 1p.DAT
D: word: yia	 gloss: 1p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 166:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ me uruf-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ not see-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`It wasn't I who saw it (but someone else).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: More research is needed in order to establish what kind of prominence the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} clitic marks. Of the following three examples, \REF{ex:9:x1734} is a low-prominence clause with no item marked for extra prominence, in \REF{ex:9:x1735} `I' is contrasted with other people, and in \REF{ex:9:x1736} the prominence is neutral: the speaker emphasizes that (s)he didn't see, but there is no implied contrast.
A: word: (yos=ke)	 gloss: 1s.FC=CF
B: word: is=ke	 gloss: 1p.FC=CF
C: word: owow(a)	 gloss: village
D: word: yos=ke	 gloss: 1s.FC=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 167:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ me uruf-a-m.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ not see-PA-1s
The English translation of this sentence is:`I didn't see it (regardless of whether anyone else did or not)'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: More research is needed in order to establish what kind of prominence the \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} clitic marks. Of the following three examples, \REF{ex:9:x1734} is a low-prominence clause with no item marked for extra prominence, in \REF{ex:9:x1735} `I' is contrasted with other people, and in \REF{ex:9:x1736} the prominence is neutral: the speaker emphasizes that (s)he didn't see, but there is no implied contrast.
A: word: yo=ko	 gloss: 1s.UNM=NF
B: word: en-em-ik-omkun	 gloss: eat-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS
C: word: no=ko	 gloss: 2s.UNM=NF
D: word: yia	 gloss: 1s.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 168:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I ___ me wia furew-a-mik ne yiena pun mukuna=ko me op-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM ___ not 3p.ACC sense-PA-1/3p ADD 1p.GEN also fire=NF not hold-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Introduction of an indefinite topic has already been mentioned as one of the functions of neutral focus. In questions and requests the focus marking indicates politeness. And especially in many negated clauses with \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} marking, there is a sense of distancing oneself from the situation \REF{ex:9:x1738}.
A: word: eka	 gloss: river
B: word: ku-o-k	 gloss: bite-PA-3s
C: word: mua=ke	 gloss: man=CF
D: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 169:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): I mua=ko me wia furew-a-mik ne yiena pun ___ me op-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s.UNM man=NF not 3p.ACC sense-PA-1/3p ADD 1p.GEN also ___ not hold-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Introduction of an indefinite topic has already been mentioned as one of the functions of neutral focus. In questions and requests the focus marking indicates politeness. And especially in many negated clauses with \textstyleAcronymallcaps{\textsc{nf}} marking, there is a sense of distancing oneself from the situation \REF{ex:9:x1738}.
A: word: (yos=ke)	 gloss: 1s.FC=CF
B: word: mukuna=pa	 gloss: fire=LOC
C: word: unow	 gloss: many
D: word: mukuna=ko	 gloss: fire=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 170:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa nain aaw-ep iima=pa wu-om-ap om-em-ik-ua, ___ emeria nain=ke.
Gloss (with missing item): thing that1 take-SS.SEQ chest=LOC put-BEN-BNFY2.SS.SEQ cry-SS.SIM-be-3s.PA ___ woman that1=CF
The English translation of this sentence is:`She took the thing and put it on his chest, the spirit woman (did).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Right-dislocation is often called a topicalizing device, but in Mauwake it can't be that, since only a few of the right-dislocated constituents are topics \REF{ex:9:x1745}.
A: word: sawur=ke	 gloss: spirit=CF
B: word: sawur	 gloss: spirit
C: word: akena	 gloss: very
D: word: mua	 gloss: man
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 171:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa nain aaw-ep iima=pa wu-om-ap om-em-ik-ua, sawur ___ nain=ke.
Gloss (with missing item): thing that1 take-SS.SEQ chest=LOC put-BEN-BNFY2.SS.SEQ cry-SS.SIM-be-3s.PA spirit ___ that1=CF
The English translation of this sentence is:`She took the thing and put it on his chest, the spirit woman (did).'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Right-dislocation is often called a topicalizing device, but in Mauwake it can't be that, since only a few of the right-dislocated constituents are topics \REF{ex:9:x1745}.
A: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
B: word: era=pa=ko	 gloss: road=LOC=NF
C: word: emeria=ke	 gloss: woman=CF
D: word: emeria=ko	 gloss: woman=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 172:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Saapara=pa nan suusa iw-e-mik, ___ ifa suusa nain.
Gloss (with missing item): Saapara=LOC there needle give.him-PA-1/3p ___ snake needle that1
The English translation of this sentence is:`There in Saapara they gave him an injection, their snake (antivenene) injection.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most of the right-dislocated elements are not topics. Right-dislocation seems to be a focusing device of a special kind: the speaker decides that some constituent needs clarification or more prominence than it received, and adds it as an afterthought after the clause \REF{ex:9:x1746}--\REF{ex:9:x1748}.
A: word: oko=ke	 gloss: other=CF
B: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
C: word: wienak-e-k	 gloss: feed.them-PA-3s
D: word: wi-ena	 gloss: 3p-GEN
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 173:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Saapara=pa nan suusa iw-e-mik, wiena ___ suusa nain.
Gloss (with missing item): Saapara=LOC there needle give.him-PA-1/3p 3p.GEN ___ needle that1
The English translation of this sentence is:`There in Saapara they gave him an injection, their snake (antivenene) injection.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Most of the right-dislocated elements are not topics. Right-dislocation seems to be a focusing device of a special kind: the speaker decides that some constituent needs clarification or more prominence than it received, and adds it as an afterthought after the clause \REF{ex:9:x1746}--\REF{ex:9:x1748}.
A: word: ifa	 gloss: snake
B: word: ir-ap	 gloss: come/go-SS.SEQ
C: word: afifa	 gloss: hair
D: word: marasin=ke	 gloss: poison=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A