cyang33/LingGym huggingface dataset:
Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ owow mua=ke wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ village man=CF cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The village men pulled carts for them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The position as the leftmost non-verb constituent in a sentence defines the theme in Mauwake. It may be an argument or a peripheral clause participant. When a sentence -- or the first clause in a multi-clause sentence -- consists of a verb alone, there is no theme in the sense adopted here. When the theme is an argument, it introduces what the sentence is about \REF{ex:9:x1908}. When it is not an argument but a peripheral clause participant, it provides a circumstancial setting for the sentence, most commonly a locative or temporal setting \REF{ex:9:x1698}. A theme forms one intonation contour the morpheme ___th the rest of the clause.
A: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
B: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
C: word: wiena	 gloss: 3p.GEN
D: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi ___ mua=ke wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM ___ man=CF cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The village men pulled carts for them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The position as the leftmost non-verb constituent in a sentence defines the theme in Mauwake. It may be an argument or a peripheral clause participant. When a sentence -- or the first clause in a multi-clause sentence -- consists of a verb alone, there is no theme in the sense adopted here. When the theme is an argument, it introduces what the sentence is about \REF{ex:9:x1908}. When it is not an argument but a peripheral clause participant, it provides a circumstancial setting for the sentence, most commonly a locative or temporal setting \REF{ex:9:x1698}. A theme forms one intonation contour with the rest of the clause.
A: word: owowa=pa=ko	 gloss: village=LOC=NF
B: word: kaakew	 gloss: which.village
C: word: owow	 gloss: village
D: word: amirika=ke	 gloss: noon=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi owow ___ wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM village ___ cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The village men pulled carts for them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The position as the leftmost non-verb constituent in a sentence defines the theme in Mauwake. It may be an argument or a peripheral clause participant. When a sentence -- or the first clause in a multi-clause sentence -- consists of a verb alone, there is no theme in the sense adopted here. When the theme is an argument, it introduces what the sentence is about \REF{ex:9:x1908}. When it is not an argument but a peripheral clause participant, it provides a circumstancial setting for the sentence, most commonly a locative or temporal setting \REF{ex:9:x1698}. A theme forms one intonation contour with the rest of the clause.
A: word: mua=ke	 gloss: man=CF
B: word: uf-owa	 gloss: dance-NMZ
C: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
D: word: dabuel	 gloss: pawpaw
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Ne ___ maapora puk-o-k, urera.
Gloss (with missing item): ADD ___ party burst-PA-3s afternoon
The English translation of this sentence is:`And on Friday the party started, in the afternoon.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The position as the leftmost non-verb constituent in a sentence defines the theme in Mauwake. It may be an argument or a peripheral clause participant. When a sentence -- or the first clause in a multi-clause sentence -- consists of a verb alone, there is no theme in the sense adopted here. When the theme is an argument, it introduces what the sentence is about \REF{ex:9:x1908}. When it is not an argument but a peripheral clause participant, it provides a circumstancial setting for the sentence, most commonly a locative or temporal setting \REF{ex:9:x1698}. A theme forms one intonation contour with the rest of the clause.
A: word: is=na	 gloss: 1p.FC=TP
B: word: trinde=pa	 gloss: Wednesday=LOC
C: word: en-ep-pu-ami	 gloss: eat-SS.SEQ-CMPL-SS.SIM
D: word: fraide=pa	 gloss: Friday=LOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ owow mua=ke wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ village man=CF cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The village men pulled carts for them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the theme coincides the morpheme ___th the subject/topic \REF{ex:9:x1908}, the clause has the default word order. But when another argument is the theme, it takes the initial position, and if there is also a subject \textsc{np} in the same clause, it follows the theme \textsc{np} \REF{ex:9:x1473}:
A: word: wi	 gloss: 3p.UNM
B: word: masin	 gloss: engine
C: word: (yo/i)	 gloss: 1s/1p.UNM
D: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi ___ mua=ke wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM ___ man=CF cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The village men pulled carts for them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the theme coincides with the subject/topic \REF{ex:9:x1908}, the clause has the default word order. But when another argument is the theme, it takes the initial position, and if there is also a subject \textsc{np} in the same clause, it follows the theme \textsc{np} \REF{ex:9:x1473}:
A: word: maala	 gloss: long
B: word: owowa=pa=ko	 gloss: village=LOC=NF
C: word: kaakew	 gloss: which.village
D: word: owow	 gloss: village
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Wi owow ___ wilkar wia muf-em-ik-om-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 3p.UNM village ___ cart 3p.ACC pull-SS.SIM-be-BEN-BNFY2.PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`The village men pulled carts for them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the theme coincides with the subject/topic \REF{ex:9:x1908}, the clause has the default word order. But when another argument is the theme, it takes the initial position, and if there is also a subject \textsc{np} in the same clause, it follows the theme \textsc{np} \REF{ex:9:x1473}:
A: word: mua=ke	 gloss: man=CF
B: word: mua=ko	 gloss: man=NF
C: word: kirir-e-n	 gloss: shout-PA-2s
D: word: ariwa=ke	 gloss: arrow=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ yar\textsubscript{O} i\textsubscript{S} uruf-am-ik-omkun o koora=pa pok-ap ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 1s/p.brother.in.law 1p.UNM see-SS.SIM-be-1s/p.DS 3s.UNM house=LOC sit.down-SS.SEQ be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Our brother-in-law, as we are seeing him, is sitting in his house.' (Lit: `Our brother-in-law we are seeing and he is sitting in his house.')
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: When the theme cothe morpheme ___ncthe morpheme ___des wthe morpheme ___th the subject/topthe morpheme ___c \REF{ex:9:x1908}, the clause has the default word order. But when another argument the morpheme ___s the theme, the morpheme ___t takes the the morpheme ___nthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___al posthe morpheme ___tthe morpheme ___on, and the morpheme ___f there the morpheme ___s also a subject \textsc{np} the morpheme ___n the same clause, the morpheme ___t follows the theme \textsc{np} \REF{ex:9:x1473}:
A: word: i	 gloss: 1p.UNM
B: word: i=ko	 gloss: 1p.UNM=NF
C: word: wia	 gloss: 3p.ACC
D: word: mua=na	 gloss: man=TP
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A
Question 8:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ unowa\textsubscript{O} ifer aasa=ke p-urup-eya miiw-aasa=ke fan p-ir-am-ik-ua.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ many sea canoe=CF BPX-ascend-2/3s.DS land-canoe=CF here BPX-come-SS.SIM-be-PA.3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`Many things were brought up (to the coast) by ships and brought here by trucks.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The sentence \REF{ex:9:x1701} is from the middle of a description about the arrival of the Japanese troops, and the goods that they brought are only mentioned in this one sentence, and the theme is neither the subject nor the topic.
A: word: uru-uruf-ami	 gloss: RDP-see-SS.SIM
B: word: urema=ko	 gloss: bandicoot=NF
C: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
D: word: maa	 gloss: thing
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 9:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Naap ik-ok wi Saramun=ke wiisa uf-e-mik. ___ eliwa\textsubscript{O} i wiar uruf-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): thus be-SS 3p.UNM Saramun=CF dance.name dance-PA-1/3p ___ good 1p.UNM 3.DAT see-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`Then the Saramun people danced wiisa. It was a good dance we saw from them.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a text about a school party, dancing is first mentioned in a final verb, and then the dance becomes the theme for the following sentence \REF{ex:9:x1702}:
A: word: niir-owa	 gloss: play-NMZ
B: word: muf-owa	 gloss: pull-NMZ
C: word: uf-owa	 gloss: dance-NMZ
D: word: ifa	 gloss: leaf
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 10:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ ame wia maak-eya res aaw-ep merena ifa keraw-a-k nain puuk-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ ASSOC 3p.ACC tell-2/3s.DS razor take-SS.SEQ leg snake bite-PA-3s that1 cut-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`He told my father and the others, and they took a razor and made a cut into the leg that the snake had bitten.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Very commonly, the subject only shows in the verbal suffixation, and the theme position is taken either by an object -- which may or may not be a topic -- or by an adverbial phrase. In \REF{ex:9:x1909} the theme \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{the morpheme ___ ame} `father and the others' becomes a topic that continues for the next five clauses, whereas the themes of \REF{ex:9:x1910} and \REF{ex:9:x1911} do not become topics and are not mentioned any more. (In the free translation it is often not possible to reflect the theme naturally.)
A: word: inasin	 gloss: spirit
B: word: urauwa	 gloss: hole
C: word: niawi	 gloss: 2s/p.father
D: word: auwa	 gloss: 1s/p.father
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 11:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Auwa ___ wia maak-eya res aaw-ep merena ifa keraw-a-k nain puuk-a-mik.
Gloss (with missing item): 1s/p.father ___ 3p.ACC tell-2/3s.DS razor take-SS.SEQ leg snake bite-PA-3s that1 cut-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`He told my father and the others, and they took a razor and made a cut into the leg that the snake had bitten.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Very commonly, the subject only shows in the verbal suffixation, and the theme position is taken either by an object -- which may or may not be a topic -- or by an adverbial phrase. In \REF{ex:9:x1909} the theme \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{auwa the morpheme ___} `father and the others' becomes a topic that continues for the next five clauses, whereas the themes of \REF{ex:9:x1910} and \REF{ex:9:x1911} do not become topics and are not mentioned any more. (In the free translation it is often not possible to reflect the theme naturally.)
A: word: ame=ke	 gloss: ASSOC=CF
B: word: amerika	 gloss: America
C: word: era=ko	 gloss: way=NF
D: word: ame	 gloss: ASSOC
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D
Question 12:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ en-owa nopa-yiaw-ep wailal-ep naap ma-e-mik...
Gloss (with missing item): ___ eat-NMZ search-move.around-SS.SEQ hunger-SS.SEQ thus say-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They searched around for food and were hungry and said like that{\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Very commonly, the subject only shows in the verbal suffixation, and the theme position is taken either by an object -- which may or may not be a topic -- or by an adverbial phrase. In \REF{ex:9:x1909} the theme \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{auwa ame} `father and the others' becomes a topic that continues for the next five clauses, whereas the themes of \REF{ex:9:x1910} and \REF{ex:9:x1911} do not become topics and are not mentioned any more. (In the free translation it is often not possible to reflect the theme naturally.)
A: word: maake-miaw-i-yem	 gloss: tell-wander-NPS-PR.1s
B: word: nain=ke	 gloss: that=CF
C: word: maa	 gloss: thing
D: word: in-em-ik-e-mik	 gloss: sleep-SS.SIM-be-PA-1/3p
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 13:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Maa ___ nopa-yiaw-ep wailal-ep naap ma-e-mik...
Gloss (with missing item): thing ___ search-move.around-SS.SEQ hunger-SS.SEQ thus say-PA-1/3p
The English translation of this sentence is:`They searched around for food and were hungry and said like that{\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Very commonly, the subject only shows in the verbal suffixation, and the theme position is taken either by an object -- which may or may not be a topic -- or by an adverbial phrase. In \REF{ex:9:x1909} the theme \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{auwa ame} `father and the others' becomes a topic that continues for the next five clauses, whereas the themes of \REF{ex:9:x1910} and \REF{ex:9:x1911} do not become topics and are not mentioned any more. (In the free translation it is often not possible to reflect the theme naturally.)
A: word: susure=ke	 gloss: Susure=CF
B: word: en-owa=ko	 gloss: eat-NMZ=NF
C: word: en-owa	 gloss: eat-NMZ
D: word: reen-owa=ke	 gloss: dry-NMZ=CF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C
Question 14:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): ___ naap wia aruf-i-nen na-ep on-a-k.
Gloss (with missing item): ___ thus 3p.ACC hit-NP-FU.1s say/think-SS.SEQ do-PA-3s
The English translation of this sentence is:`He tried to hit the women like that.'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Very commonly, the subject only shows in the verbal suffixation, and the theme position is taken either by an object -- which may or may not be a topic -- or by an adverbial phrase. In \REF{ex:9:x1909} the theme \textstyleStyleVernacularWordsItalic{auwa ame} `father and the others' becomes a topic that continues for the next five clauses, whereas the themes of \REF{ex:9:x1910} and \REF{ex:9:x1911} do not become topics and are not mentioned any more. (In the free translation it is often not possible to reflect the theme naturally.)
A: word: emeria=ke	 gloss: woman=CF
B: word: emeria	 gloss: woman
C: word: owowa	 gloss: village
D: word: emeria=ko	 gloss: woman=NF
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
You are a linguist specializing in Mauwake. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option. 
Sentence (with missing item): Owowa or-op, wailal-ep akia ik-e-k. ___ ik-ep en-em-ik-ok{\dots}
Gloss (with missing item): village descend-SS.SEQ hunger-SS.SEQ banana roast-PA-3s ___ roast-SS.SEQ eat-SS.SIM-be-SS
The English translation of this sentence is:`He came down to the village, was hungry, and roasted bananas. He roasted bananas and was eating them and {\dots}'
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In a tail-head linkage construction (\sectref{sec:8.2.3.5}) the final verb of a sentence is repeated in the beginning of the following sentence, but in a medial form. An argument \REF{ex:9:x1912}, \REF{ex:9:x1913}, or occasionally a peripheral \REF{ex:9:x1914}, \REF{ex:9:x1915}, from the final clause may be picked as the theme of the new sentence.
A: word: iwer(a)	 gloss: coconut
B: word: fain=ke	 gloss: this=CF
C: word: akia	 gloss: banana
D: word: enakiwa	 gloss: half
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C